Southern Branch of the University of California Los Angeles Form L I JS2 372 il \ STMmeftMM--SCHOeL, U3e /iHOKJOS. -> CAL. 373 TI-IE ^BRIDQINCENT. MESSAGE FEOJI THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE TWO HOUSES OF CONGRESS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND SESSION OF THE FIFTY-THIRD CONGRESS, WITH THE REPOETS OP THE HEADS OP DEPAETMENTS AND SELECTIONS FROM ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS. ■ STATE NORMAL^iOiOOL, EDITED BY , ^ xKQBOBB^ <' OAL. FRANCIS M. COX. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1894. NOTE. The Abridgment of Message aud Documents is prepared under the direction of the Joint Coriiiiiittce on Printing by authority of section 75 of the Revised Statutes. Its purpose is (o i'nrnish in condensed and convenient form for popular distribution, the gist of the many volumes of documents -which accompany the annual reports of tbe heuds of the several Execntive Departments of the Government. To this end the twenty or more thousand octavo pages which constitnte the full volume of these docuiin-nts must be boiled down to a C(mveuieut volumeof one thousand pages, such as is here presented. The work involves nuich labor and care in eliminating the redundancies in figures and official statements (and mere matters of clerical routine oi Moment only to oOicial superiors), wliieh necessarily occur in these various docu- ments, emanating fr' to a complete understanding of the case, and presenting a history of all the material events leading up to the present situation. 14 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. By a concurrent resolution, passed by tlie Senate February 14, 1890, and by the House of Representatives on the 3d of April following', the President was requested "to invite, from time to time, as fit occasions may arise, negotiations with any Government with which the United States has or may have diplomatic relations, to the end that any differences or disputes arising between the two Governments which can not be adjusted by diplomatic agency may be referred to arbitration and be peaceably adjusted by such means." April 18, 1890, the International American Conference of Washing- ton, by resolution expressed the wish that all controversies between the republics of America and the nations of Europe might be settled by arbitration, and recommended that the Government of each nation represented in that conference should communicate this wish to all friendly powers. A favorable response has been received from Great Britain in the shape of a resolution adopted by Parlia- ment July 16 last, cordially sympathizing with the purpose in view, and expressing the hope that Her Majesty's Government will lend ready cooperation to the Government of the United States upon the basis of the concurrent resolution above quoted. It affords me signal pleasure to lay this parliamentary resolution before the Congress and to express my sincere gratification that the sentiment of two great and kindred nations is thus authoritatively, manifested in favor of the rational and peaceable settlement of inter- national quarrels by honorable resort to arbitration. Since the passage of the act of March 3, 1893, authorizing the President to raise the grade of our envoys to correspond with the rank in which foreign countries accredit their agents here. Great Britain, France, Italy, and Germany have conferred upon their rep- resentatives at this capital the title of ambassador, and I have re- sponded by accrediting the agents of the United States in those countries with the same title. A like elevation of mission is an- nounced by Russia, and when made will be similarly met. This step fittingly comports with the position the United States hold in the family of nations. During my former administration I took occasion to recommend a re-cast of the laws relating to the consular service, in order that it might become a more efficient agency in the promotion of the interests it was intended to subserve. The duties and powers of consuls have been expanded Vv^ith the growing requirements of our foreign trade. Discharging important duties affecting our com- merce and American citizens abroad, and in certain countries exer- cising judicial functions, these officers should be men of character, intelligence, and ability. MESSAGE OF THE PEESIDENT. 15 Upon proof that the legislation of Denmark secures copyright to American citizens on equal footing with its own, the privileges of our copyright laws have been extended by proclamation to sub- jects of that country. The Secretary of the Treasury reports that the receipts of the Government from all sources during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, amounted to $461,716,561.94 and its expenditures to $459,- 374,674.29. There was collected from customs $205,355,016.73 and from internal revenue $161,027,623.93. Our dutiable imports amounted to $421,856,711, an increase of $52,453,907 over the pre- ceding year, and importations free of duty amounted to $444,544, 211, a decrease from the preceding year of $13,455,447. Internal-rev- enue receipts exceeded those of the preceding year by $7,147,445.32. The total tax collected on distilled spirits was $94,720,260.55, on manufactured tobacco, $31,889,711.74, and on fermented liquors, $32, 548, 983. 07. We exported merchandise during the year amount- ing to $847,665,194, a decrease of $182,612,954 from the preceding year. The amount of gold exported was larger than any previous year in the history of the Government, amounting to $108,680,844, and exceeding the amount exported during the preceding year by $58>485,5i7- The sum paid from the Treasury for sugar bounty was $9,375,- 130.88, an increase over the preceding year of $2,033,053.09. It is estimated upon the basis of present revenue laws that the receipts of the Government for the year ending June 30, 1894, will be $430,121,365.38 and its expenditures $458, 121,365.38, resulting in a deficiency of $28,000,000. On the first day of November, 1893, the amount of money of all kinds in circulation, or not included in Treasury holdings, was $1,718,544,682, an increase for the year of $112,404,947. Estimat- ing our population at 67,426,000 at the time mentioned the per capita circulation was $25.49. On the same date there was in the Treasury gold bullion amounting to $96,657,273 and silver bullion which was purchased at a cost of $126,261,553. The purchases of silver under the law of July 14, 1890, during the last fiscal year, aggregated 54,008,162.59 fine ounces, which cost $45,531,374.53. The total amount of silver purchased from the time that law became operative until the repeal of its purchas- ing clause, on the ist day of November, 1893, was 168,674,590.46 fine ounces, which cost $155,930,940.84. Between the ist day of March, 1873, and the ist day of November, 1893, the Government purchased, under all laws, 503,003,717 fine ounces of silver at a 16 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. cost of $516,622,948. The silver dollars that have been coined under the act of July 14, 1890, number 36,087,285. The seignior- age arising from such coinage was $6,977,098.39, leaving on hand in the mints 140,699,760 fine ounces of silver, which cost $126,758,218. Our total coinage of all metals during the last fiscal year consisted of 97,280,875 pieces valued at $43,685,178.80, of which there was $30,038,140 in gold coin, $5,343,715 in silver dollars, $7,217,220.90 in subsidiary silver coin, and $1,086,102.90 in minor coins. During the calendar year 1892 the production of precious metals in the United States was estimated to be 1,596,375 fine ounces of gold of the commercial and coinage value of $33,000,000, and 58,000,000- fine ounces of silver of the bullion or market value of $50,750,000 and of the coinage value of $74,989,900. It is estimated that on the first day of July, 1893, ^^^ metallic stock of money in the United States, consisting of coin and bul- lion, amounted to $1,213,559,169, of which $597,697,685 was gold and $615,861,484 was silver. One hundred and nineteen national banks were organized during the year ending October 31, 1893, with a capital of $11,230,000. Forty-six went into voluntary liquidation and one hundred and fifty-eight suspended. Sixty-five of the suspended banks were insolvent, eighty-six resumed business, and seven remain in the hands of bank examiners, with prospects of speedy resumption. Of the new banks organized, forty-four were located in the Eastern States, forty-one west of the Mississippi River, and thirty-four in the Central and Southren States. The total number of national banks in existence on the 31st day of October, 1893, was 3,796, having an aggregate capital of $695,558,120. The net increase in the circulation of these banks during the year was $36,886,972. "The recent repeal of the provision of law requiring the purchase of silver bullion by the Government as a feature of our monetary scheme, has made an entire change in the complexion of our cur- rency afiairs. I do not doubt that the ultimate result of this action will be most salutary and far-reaching. In the nature of things, however, it is impossible to know at this time, precisely what con- ditions will be brought about by the change, or what, if an}', sup- plementary legislation may, in the light of such conditions, appear to be essential or expedient. Of course, after the recent financial perturbation, time is necessary for the reestablishment of business confidence. When, however, through this restored confidence the money which has been frightened intolioarding places is returned to trade and enterprise, a survey of the situation will probably dis- close a safe path leading to a permanently sound currency, abund- MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 17 antly sufficient to meet every requirement of our increasing popu- lation and business. In the pursuit of this object we should resolutely turn away from alluring and temporary expedients, determined to be content with nothing less than a lasting and comprehensive financial plan. In these circumstances I am convinced that a reasonable delay in deal- ing with this subject, instead of being injurious, will increase the probability of wise action. The Monetary Conference which assembled at Brussels upon our invitation was adjourned to the 30th day of November in the present year. The considerations just stated and the fact that a definite proposition from us seemed to be expected upon the reassembling of the conference, led me to express a willingness to have the meet- ing still further postponed. It seems to me that it would be wise to give general authority to the President to invite other nations to such a conference at any time when there should be a fair prospect of accomplishing an inter- national agreement on the subject of coinage. I desire also to earnestly suggest the wisdom of amending the ex- istinp- statutes in regard to the issuance of Government bonds. The authority now vested in the Secretary of the Treasury to issue bonds is not as clear as it should be, and the bonds authorized are disad- vantageous to the Government both as to the time of their maturity and rate of interest. The Superintendent of Immigration, throiigh the Secretary of the Treasury, reports that during the last fiscal year there arrived at our ports 440,793 immigrants. Of these 1,063 were not permitted to land under the limitations of the law, and 577 were returned to the countries from whence they came by reason of their having become public charges. The total arrivals were 141,034 less than for the pre- vious year. The Secretary in his report gives an account of the operation of the Marine-Hospital Service and of the good work done under its supervision in preventing the entrance and spread of contagious diseases. The admonitions of the last two years touching our public health and the demonstrated danger of the introduction of contagious diseases from foreign ports has invested the subject of national quarantine with increased interest. A more general and harmonious system than now exists, acting promptly and directly everywhere, and constantly operating by preventive means to shield our country from the invasion of disease, and at the same time having due regard to the rights and duties of local agencies, would, I believe, add greatly to the safety of our people. Ab. 93 2 18 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. The Secretary of War reports that the strength of the Army on the 30th day of September last was 25,778 enlisted men and 2,144 ofncers. The total expenditures of the Department for the year ending June30, 1893, amounted to$5i, 966,074.89. Of thissum, $1,992,581.95 was for salaries and contingent expenses, $23,377,828.35 for the support of the military establishment, $6,077,033.18 for miscella- neous objects, and $20,518,631.41 for public works. This latter sum includes $15,296,876.46 for river and harbor improvements and $3,266,141.20 for fortifications and other works of defense. The total enrollment of the militia of the several States was, on the 31st of October of the current year, 112,597 officers and enlisted men. The officers of the Army detailed for the inspection and in- struction of this reserve of our military force report that increased interest and marked progress are apparent in the discipline and effi- ciency of the organization. Neither Indian outbreaks nor domestic violence have called the Army into service during the year, and the only active military duty required of it has been in the Department of Texas, where violations of the neutrality laws of the United States and Mexico were promptly and efficiently dealt with by the troops, eliciting- the warm approval of the civil and military authorities of both countries. The operation of wise laws and the influences of civilization con- stantly tending to relieve the country from the dangers of Indian hostilities, together with the increasing ability of the States, through the efficiency of the National Guard organizations, to protect their citizens from domestic violence, lead to the suggestion that the time is fast approaching when there should be a reorganization of our Army on the lines of the present necessities of the country. This change contemplates neither increase in number nor added expense, but a redistribution of the force and an encourag-ement of measures tending to greater efficiency among the men and improvement of the service. The adoption of battalion formations for infantry regiments, the strengthening of the artillery force, the abandonment of smaller and unnecessary posts, and the massing of the troops at important and accessible stations, all promise to promote the usefulness of the Army. In the judgment of Army officers, with but few exceptions, the operation of the law forbidding the reenlistment of men after ten years' service has not proved its wisdom, and while the argu- ments that led to its adoption were not without merit, the experience of the year constrains me to join in the recommendation for its rcDeal. MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDEIv^T. 19 It is orratifying to note that we have begun to attain completed results in the comprehensive scheme of seacoast defense and for- tificatioii, entered upon eight years ago. A large sum has been already expended, but the cost of maintenance will be inconsid- erable as compared with the expense of construction and ord- nance. At the end of the current calendar year the War Depart- ment will have nine 12-inch, twenty lo-inch, and thirty-four 8- inch guns, ready to be mounted on gun lifts and carriages, and seventy-five 12-inch mortars. In addition to the product of the Army Gun Factory, now completed at Watervliet, the Government has contracted with private parties for the purchase of one hundred guus of these calibers, the first of which should be delivered to the Department for test before July i, 1894. The manufacture of heavy ordnance keeps pace with current needs; but to render these guns available for the purposes they are designed to meet, emplacements must be prepared for them. Prog- ress has been made in this direction, and it is desirable that Con- gress by adequate appropriations should provide for the uninterrupted prosecution of this necessary work. After much preliminary work and exhaustive examination in accordance with the requirements of the law, the board appointed to select a magazine rifle of modern type with which to replace the obsolete Springfield rifle of the infantry service, completed its labors during the last year, and the v/ork of manufacture is now in progress at the National Armory at Springfield. It is confidently expected that by the end of the current year our infantry will be supplied with a weapon equal to that of the most progressive -armies of the world. The v/ork on the projected Chickamauga and Cliattanooga Na- tional Military Park has been prosecuted with zeal and judgment, and its opening will be celebrated during the coming year. Over nine square miles of the Chickamauga battlefield have been acquired, twenty-five miles of roadway have been constructed, and permanent tablets have been placed at many historical points, while the invi- tation to the States to mark the positions of their troops partici- pating in the battle, has been very generally accepted. The work of locating and preserving the lines of battle at the Gettysburg battlefield is making satisfactory progress on the plans directed by the last Congress. The reports of the Military Academy at West Point and the sev- eral schools for special instruction of officers, show marked advance in the education of the Army and a commendable ambition among its officers to excel in the military profession and to fit themselves for the highest service to the country. 20 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. Under the supervision of x\djutant-General Robert Williams, lately retired, the Bureau of Military Information has become well established and is performing a service that will put in possession of the Government in time of war most valuable information, and at all times serve a purpose of great utility in keeping the Army advised of the world's progress in all matters pertaining to the art of war. The report of the Attorney-General contains the usual summary of the affairs and proceedings of the Department of Justice for the past year, together with certain recommendations as to needed legis- lation on various subjects. I can not too heartily indorse the propo- sition that the fee system as applicable to the compensation of United States attorneys, marshals, clerks of Federal courts, and United States commissioners, should be abolished with as little delay as possible. It is clearly in the interest of the community that the business of the courts, both civil and criminal, shall be as small and as inexpensively transacted as the ends of justice will allow. The system is therefore thoroughly vicious which makes the com- pensation of court officials depend upon the volume of such business, and thus creates a conflict between a proper execution of the law and private gain, which can not fail to be dangerous to the rights and freedom of the citizen and an irresistible temptation to the un- justifiable expenditure of public funds. If in addition to this reform another was inaugurated which would give to United States com- missioners the final disposition of petty offenses within the grade of misdemeanors, especially those coming under the internal-revenue laws, a great advance would be made toward a more decent admin- istration of the criminal law. In my first message to Congress, dated December 8, 1885, I strongly recommended these changes and referred somewhat at length to the evils of the present system. Since that time the crim- inal business of the Federal courts and the expense attending it have enormously increased. The number of criminal prosecutions pend- ing in the circuit and district courts of the United States on the first day of July, 1885, was three thousand eight hundred and eight, of which one thousand eight hundred and eighty-four were for viola- tions of the internal-revenue laws, while the number of such prosecu- tions pending on the first day of July, 1893, was nine thousand five hundred, of which four thousand two hundred were for violations of the internal-revenue laws. The expense of the United States courts, exclusive of judges' salaries, for the year ending July i, 1885, was $2,874,733.11, and for the year ending July i, 1893, $4,528,- 676.87. MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. ' 21 It is therefore apparent that the reasons given in 1885 for a change in the manner of enforcing the Federal criminal law, have gained cogency and strength by lapse of time. I also heartily join the Attorney-General in recommending legis- lation fixing degrees of the crime of murder within Federal jurisdic- tion, as has been done in many of the States ; authorizing writs of error on behalf of the Government in cases where final judgment is ren- dered against the sufficiency of an indictment or against the Govern- ment upon any other question arising before actual trial; limiting the right of review in cases of felony punishable only by fine and imprisonment to the circuit court of appeals, and making speedy provision for the construction of such prisons and reformatories as may be necessary for the confinement of United States convicts. The report of the Postmaster-General contains a detailed state- ment of the operations of the Post-Office Department during the last fiscal year and much interesting information touching this im- portant branch of the public service. The business of the mails indicates with absolute certainty the condition of the business of the country, and depression in financial affairs inevitably and quickly reduces the postal revenues. There- fore a larger discrepancy than usual between the post-office receipts and expenditures is the expected and unavoidable result of the dis- tressing stringency which has prevailed throughout the country dur- ing much of the time covered by the Postniaster-GeneraPs report. At a date when better times were anticipated it was estimated by his predecessor that the deficiency on the 30th day of June, 1893, would be but a little over a million and a half dollars. It amounted, however, to more than five millions. At the same time, and under the influence of like anticipations, estimates were made for the cur- rent fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, which exhibited a surplus of revenue over expenditures of $872, 245. 7 1 ; but now, in view of the actual receipts and expenditures during that part of the current fis- cal year already expired, the present Postmaster-General estimates that at its close instead of a surplus there will be a deficiency of nearly eight million dollars. The post-office receipts for the last fiscal year amounted to ^J^^- 896,933.16 and its expenditures to $81,074^^104.90. This post-office deficiency would disappear or be immensely decreased if less matter was carried free through the mails, an item of which is upward of three hundred tons of seeds and grain from the Agricultural Depart- ment. 22 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. The total number of post-offices in the United States on the 30th day of June, 1893, was 68,403, an increase of 1,284 over tlie pre- ceding year. Of these 3,360 were Presidential, an increase in that class of 204 over the preceding year. Forty-two free-delivery offices were added during the ^-ear to those already existing, making a total of six hundred and ten cities and towns provided with free delivery on June 30, 1893. Ninety-three other cities and towns are now entitled to this service under the law, but it has not beeu'accorded them on account of insufficient funds to meet the expense of its establishment. I am decidedly of the opinion that the provisions of the present law permit as general an introduction of this feature of mail service as is necessary or justifiable, and that it ought not to be extended to smaller communities than are now designated. The expense of free delivery for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, will be more than $11,000,000, and under legislation now existing there must be a constant increase in this item of ex- penditure. There were 6,401 additions to the domestic money-order oflices during the last fiscal year, being the largest increase in any year since the inauguration of the system. The total number of these offices at the close of the year was 18,434. There were 13,309,735 money orders issued from these offices, being an increase over the preceding year of i, 240, 293, and the value of these orders amounted to $127,576,433.65, an increase of $7,509,632.58. There were also issued during the year postal notes amounting to $12,903,076.73. During the year 195 international money-order offices were added to those already provided, making a total of 2,407 in operation on June 30, 1893. The number of international money orders issued during the year was 1,055,999, an increase over the preceding year of 72,525, and their value was $16,341,837.86, an increase of $1,221, - 506.31. The number of orders paid was 300,917, an increase over the preceding year of 13,503, and their value was $5,283,375.70, an increase of $94,094.83. From the foregoing statements it appears that the total issue of money orders and postal notes for the year amounted to $156,821,- 348.24. The number of letters and packages mailed during the year for special delivery was 3,375,693, an increase over the preceding year of nearly 22 per cent. The special-delivery stamps used upon these letters and packages amounted to $337,569.30, and the mes- sengers' fees paid for their delivery amounted to $256,592. 71, leaving a profit to the Government of $80,976.59. MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 23 The Railway Mail Service not only adds to the promptness of jnail delivery at all offices, but it is the especial instrumentality which puts the smaller and way places in the service on an equality in that regard with the larofcr and terminal offices. This branch of the postal service has therefore received much attention from the Post- master-General, and though it is gratifying to know that it is in a condition of high efficiency and great usefulness, I am led to agree with the Postmaster-General that there is room for its further im- provement. There are now connected with the Post-Office establishment 28,324 eniDloves who are in the classified sei'vice. The head of this great Department gives conclusive evidence of the value of civil-service reform when, after an experience that renders his judgment on the subject absolutely reliable, he expresses the opinion that without the benefit of this system it would be impossible to conduct the vast business intrusted to him. I desire to commend as especially worthy of prompt attention the suQ-oestions of the Postmaster-General relatingf to a more sensible and business-like organization and a better distribution of responsi- bility in his Department, The report of the Secretary of the Navy contains a history of the operations of his Department during the past year, and exhibits a most gratifying condition of the personnel of our Navy. He pre- sents a satisfactory account of the progress which has been made in the construction of vessels, and makes a number of recommendations to which attention is especially invited. During the past six months the demands for cruising vessels have been many and urgent. There have been revolutions calling for vessels to protect American interests in Nicaragua, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras, Argentina, and Brazil, while the condition of af- fairs in Honolulu has required the constant presence of one or more ships. With all these calls upon our Navy, it became necessary, in order to make up a sufficient fleet to patrol the Behring Sea under the modus mve7tdi Q.gr&tA upon with Great Britain, to detail to that service one vessel from the Fish Commission and three from the Revenue Marine. ^ Progress in the construction of new vessels has not been as rapid as was anticipated. There have been delays in the completion oi unarmored vessels, but for the most part they have been such a? are constantly occurring even in countries having the largest ex- perience in naval ship-building. The most serious delays, however, have been in the work upon armored ships. The trouble has been the failure of contractors to deliver armor as agreed. The diffi- 24 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. culties seem now, liowever, to have been all overcome, and armor is being delivered with satisfactory promptness. As a result of the experience acquired by shipbuilders and designers and material men, it is believed that the dates when vessels will be completed can now be estimated with reasonable accuracy. Great guns, rapid- fire gnns, torpedoes, and powder are being promptly supplied. The following vessels of the new Navy have been completed and are now ready for service: The double-turreted coast-defense monitor Miantonomoh^ the double-turreted coast-defense monitor Monterey^ the armored crui- ser N'ew York, the protected cruisers Baltimore^ Chicago^ Phila- delphia^ Nezvark^ San Francisco^ Charleston^ Atlanta^ and Boston^ the cruiser Detroit^ the gunboats Yorktown^ Concord^ Bennington^ Machias^ Casti7ie^ and Petrel^ the dispatch vessel Dolphin^ the practice vessel Bancroft^ and the dynamite gunboat Vesuvius. Of these the Bana-oft., Machias^ Detroit.^ and Castine have been placed in commission during the current calendar year. The following vessels are in process of construction : The second- class battle ships Maine and Texas^ the cruisers Montgomery and Afarblehead^ and the coast-defense monitors Terror^ Puritan^ Am- phitrite, and Monadnock., all of which will be completed within one year; the harbor-defense ram Katahdin and the protected cruisers Columbia^ Minneapolis., Olympia, Cincinnati., and Raleigh., all of which will be completed prior to July i, 1895; the first-class battle ships /6'zt'cz, Indiana., Massachusetts., and Oregon., which will be com- pleted February i, 1896, and the armored cruiser Brooklyn., which will be completed by August i of that year. It is also expected that the three gunboats authorized by the last Congress will be completed in less than two years. Since 1886 Congress has at each session authorized the building of one or more vessels, and the Secretary of the Navy presents an earnest plea for the continuance of this plan. He recommends the authorization of at least one battle ship and six torpedo boats. While I am distinctly in favor of consistently pursuing the policy we have inaugurated of building up a thorough and efficient Navy, I can not refrain from the suggestion that the Congress should care- fully take into account the number of unfinished vessels on our hands and the depleted condition of our Treasury in considering the propriety of an appropriation at this time to begin new work. The method of employing mechanical labor at navy-yards through boards of labor, and making efficiency the sole test by which la- borers are employed and continued, is producing the best results, and the Secretary is earnestly devoting himself to its development. MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 25 Attention is invited to the statements of his report in regard to the v/orkings of the system. The Secretary of the Interior has the supervision of so many im- portant subjects that his report is of especial value and interest. On the 30th day of June, 1893, there were on the pension rolls 966,012 names, an increase of 89,944 over the number on the rolls June 30, 1892. Of these there were 17 widows and daughters of Revolutionary soldiers, 86 survivors of the war of 1812, 5,425 widows of soldiers of that war, 21,518 survivors and widows of the Mexican war, 3, 882 survivors and widows of Indian wars, 284 army nurses, and 475,645 survivors, and widows and children of deceased soldiers and sailors of the war of the rebellion. The latter num- ber represents those pensioned on account of disabilities or death resulting from army and navy service. The number of persons remaining on the rolls June 30, 1893, who were pensioned under the act of June Z"]^ 1890, which allows pensions on account of death and disability not chargeable to army service, was 459; 155. The number added to the rolls during the year was 123,634, and the number dropped was 33,690. The first payments on pensions allowed during the year amounted to $33,756,549.98. This in- cludes arrears, or the accumulation between the time from which the allowance of pension dates and the time of actually granting the certificate. Although the lavv' of 1890 permits pensions for disabilities not re- lated to military service, yet as a requisite to its benefits a disability must exist inca^^acitating applicants "from the performance of manual labor to such a degree as to render them unable to earn a support." The execution of this law in its early stages does not seem to have been in accord with its true intention; but toward the close of the last administration an authoritative construction was given to the statute, and since that time this construction has been followed. This has had the effect of limiting the operation of the law to its intended purpose. The discovery having been made that many names had been put upon the pension roll by means of whole- sale and gigantic frauds, the Commissioner suspended payments upon a number of pensions which seemed to be fraudulent or unau- thorized pending a complete examination, giving notice to the pen- sioners, in order that they might have an opportunity to establish, if possible, the justice of their claims notwithstanding apparent invalidity. This, I understand, is the practice which has for a longtime pre- vailed in the Pension Bureau ; but after entering upon these recent 26 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. investigations the Commissioner modified this rule so as not to allow, until after a complete examination, interference with the payment of a pension apparently not altogether void, but which merely had been fixed at a rate higher than that authorized by law. I am unable to understand why frauds in the pension rolls should not be exposed and corrected with thoroughness and vigor. Every name fraudulently put upon these rolls is a wicked imposition upon the kindly sentiment in which pensions have their origin ; "every fraudulent pensioner has become a bad citizen ; every false oath in support of a pension has made perjury more common, and false and undeserving pensioners rob the people not only of their money, but of the patriotic sentiment which the survivors of a war, fought for the preservation of the Union, ought to inspire. Thousands of neighborhoods have their well-known fraudulent pensioners, and recent developments by the Bureau establish appalling conspira- cies to accomplish pension frauds. By no means the least wrong done is to brave and deserving pensioners, who certainly ought not to be condemned to such association. Those who attempt in the line of duty to rectify these wrongs should not be accused ot enmity or indifference to the claims of honest veterans. The sum expended on account of pensions for the year ending June 30, 1893, was ^156, 740,467. 14. The Commissioner estimates that $165,000,000 will be required to pay pensions during the year ending June 30, 1894. The condition of the Indians and their ultimate fate are subjects which are related to a sacred duty of the Government, and which strongly appeal to the sense of justice and the sympathy of our people. Our Indians number about 248,000. I\Iost of them are located on 161 reservations, containing 86,116,531 acres of land. About 110,000 of these Indians have, to a large degree, adopted civilized customs. Lands in severalty have been allotted to many of them. Such allotments have been made to 10,000 individuals during the last fiscal year, embracing about 1,000,000 acres. The number of Indian Government scliools open during the year was 195, an in- crease of 12 over the preceding year. Of this total 170 were on reser- vations, of which J 2) were boarding schools and 97 were day schools. Twenty boarding schools and 5 day scliools supported by the Gov- ernment were not located on reservations. The total number of Indian children enrolled during the year as attendants of all schools was 21,138, an increase of 1,231 over the enrollment for the previoiis year. MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 27 I am sure that secular education and moral and religious teaching must be important factors in any effort to save the Indian and lead him to civilization. I believe, too, that the relinquishment of tribal relations and the holding of land in severalty' may, in favorable con- ditions, aid this consummation. It seems to me, however, that allotments of land in severalty ought to be made with great care and circumspection. If hastily done, before the Indian knows its meaning, v/hile yet he has little or no idea* of tilling a farm and no conception of thrift, there is great danger that a reservation life in tribal relations may be exchanged for the pauperism of civilization, instead of its independence and elevation. The solution of the Indian problem depends very largely upon good administration. The personal fitness of agents and their adapt- ability to the peculiar duty of caring for their wards, is of the utmost importance. The law providing that, except in especial cases. Army officers shall be detailed as Indian agents, it is hoped v/ill prove a successful experiment. There is danger of great abuses creeping into the prosecution of claims for Indian depredations, and I recommend that every possi- ble safeguard be provided against the enforcement of unjust and fictitious claims of this description. The appropriations on account of the Indian Bureau for the year ending June 30, 1894, amount to. $7, 954, 962. 99, a decrease as com- pared with the year preceding it of $387,131.95. The vast area of land which, but a short time ago, constituted the public domain is rapidly falling into private hands. It is certain that in the transfer the beneficent intention of the Government to supply from its domain homes to the industrious and worthy home- seekers is often frustrated. Though the speculator, who stands with extortionate purpose between the land office and those who, with their families, are invited by the Government to settle on the public lands, is a despicable character who ought not to be tolerated, yet it is difficult to thwart his schemes. The recent opening to settle- ment of the lands in the Cherokee Outlet, embracing an area of 6,500,000 acres, notwithstanding the utmost care in framing the regulations governing the selection of locations and notwithstand- ing the presence of United States troops, furnished an exhibition, though perhaps in a modified degree, of the mad scramble, the violence, and the fraudulent occupation which have accompanied previous openings of public land. I concur with the Secretary in the belief that these outrageous incidents can not be entirely prevented without a change in the laws 28 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. on the subiect, and I liopc his recommendations in that direction, will be favorably considered. I especially commend to the attention of the Congress the statements contained in the Secretary's report concerning- forestry. The time has come when efficient measures should be taken for the preserva- tion of our forests from indiscriminate and remediless destruction. The report of the Secretary of Agriculture will be found exceed- ingly interesting, especially to that large part of our citizens inti- mately concerned in agricultural occupations. On the 7th day of March, 1893, there were upon its pay rolls 2,430 employes. This number has been reduced to 1,850 persons. In view of a depleted public Treasury and the imperative demand of the people for economy in the administration of their Government, the Secretary has entered upon the task of rationally reducing expendi- tures by the elimination from the pay rolls of all persons not needed for an efficient conduct of the affairs of the Department. During the first quarter of the present year the expenses of the Department aggregated $345,876.76, as against $402,012.42 for the corresponding period of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893. The Secretary makes apparent his intention to continue this rate of reduction by submitting estimates for the next fiscal year less by 1994,280 than those for the present year. Among the heads of divisions in this Department the changes have been exceedingly few. Three vacancies occurring from death and resignations have been filled by the promotion of assistants in the same divisions. These promotions of experienced and faithful assistants have not only been in the interest of efficient work, but have suggested to those in the Department who look for retention and promotion that merit and devotion to dut}^ are their best reliance. The amount appropriated for the Bureau of Animal Industry for the current fiscal year is $850,000; the estimate for the ensuing year is $700,000. The regulations of 1892 concerning Texas fever have been en- forced during the last year, and the large stockyards of the country have been kept free from infection. Occasional local outbreaks have been largely such as could have been effectually guarded against by the owners of the affected cattle. While contagious pleuro-pneumonia in cattle has been eradicated, animal tuberculosis, a disease widespread and more dangerous to human life than pleuro-pneumonia, is still prevalent. Investiga- tions haviE been made during the past year as to the means of its communication and the method of its correct diagnosis. Much MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDEKT. 29 progress has been made in this direction by the studies of the Divi- sion of Animal Pathology, but work ought to be extended, in coop- eration with local c^uthorities, until the danger to human life arising from this cause is reduced to a minimum. The number of animals arriving from Canada during the year and inspected by Bureau officers was 462,092, and the number from transatlantic countries was 1,297. ^^ contagious diseases were found among the imported animals. The total number of inspections of cattle for export during the past fiscal year was 611,542. The exports show a falling off of about 25 per cent from the preceding year, the decrease occurring entirely in the last half of the year. This suggests that the falling off may have been largely due to an increase in the price of Ameri- can export cattle. During the year ending June 30, 1893, exports of inspected pork aggregated 20,677,410 pounds as against 38,152,874 pounds for the preceding year. The falling off in this export was not confined, however, to inspected pork, the total quantity exported for 1892 being 665,490,616 pounds, while in 1893 it was only 527,308,695 pounds. I join the Secretary in recommending that hereafter each appli- cant for the position of inspector or assistant inspector in the Bureau of Animal Industry be required, as a condition precedent to his appointment, to exhibit to the United States Civil Service Com- mission his diploma from an established, regular, and reputable veterinary college, and that this be supplemented by such an examination in veterinary science as the Commission may prescribe. The exports of agricultural products from the United States for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1892, attained the enormous figure of $800,000,000, in round numbers, being 78.7 per cent of our total exports. In the last fiscal year this aggregate was greatly reduced, but, nevertheless, reached 615 millions, being 75.1 per cent of all American commodities exported. A review of our agricultural exports with special reference to their destination will show that in almost every line the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland absorbs by far the largest pro- portion. Of cattle the total exports aggregated in value for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, $26,000,000, of which Great Britain took considerably over $25,000,000. Of beef products of all kinds our total exports were $28,000,000, of which Great Britain took $24,000,000. Of pork products the total exports were ^, 000, 000, of which Great Britain took $53,000,000. In bread- 30 ME«SAGE OF THE PEESIDENT. stuffs, cotton, and minor products like proiDortions sent to the same destination are shown. The work of the Statistical Division of the Department of Agri- culture deals with all that relates to the economics of farming. The main purpose of its monthly reports is to keep the farmers informed as full}' as possible of all matters having any influence upon the world's markets, in which their products find sale. Its publications relate especially to the commercial side of farming. It is therefore of profound importance and vital concern to the farmers of the United States, wdio represent nearly one-half of our population, and also of direct interest to the whole country, that the work of this division be efficiently performed and that the information it has gathered be promptly diffused. It is a matter for congratulation to know that the Secretary will not spare any effort to make this part of his work thoroughly useful. In the year 1839 the Congress appropriated $1,000, to be taken from the Patent Office funds, for the purpose of collecting and dis- tributing rare and improved varieties of seeds, and for prosecuting agricultural investigations and procuring agricultural statistics. From this small beginning the Seed Division of the Department of Agriculture has grown to its present unwieldy and unjustifiably extravagant proportions. During the last fiscal year the cost of seeds purchased was $66,548.61. The remainder of an appropriation of $135,000 was expended in putting them up and distributing them. It surely never could have entered the minds of those who first sanctioned ap- propriations of public money for the purchase of new and improved varieties of seeds for gratuitous distribution that from this would grow large appropriations for the purchase and distribution by mem- bers of Congress of ordinary seeds, bulbs, and cuttings which are- common in all the States and Territories and everywhere easily obtainable at low prices. In each State and Territory an agricultural experiment station has been established. These stations, by their very character and name, are the proper agencies to experiment with and test new varieties of seeds; and yet this indiscriminate and wasteful distribu- tion by legislation and legislators continues, answering no purpose unless it be to remind constituents that their representatives are willing to remember them with gratuities at public cost. Under the sanction of existing legislation there was sent out from the Agricultural Department during the last fiscal year enough of cabbage seed to plant 19,200 acres of land, a sufficient quantity of beans to plant 4,000 acres, beet seed enough to plant 2,500 acres, MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 31 sweet corji enough to plant 7,800 acres, sufficient cucumber seed to cover 2,025 acres with vines, and enough muskmelon and water- melon seeds to plant 2,675 acres. The total quantity of flower and veeetable seeds thus distributed was contained in more than nine million packages, and they were sufficient, if planted, to cover 89, 596 acres of land. In view of these facts this enormous expenditure without legiti- mate returns of benefit ought to be abolished. Anticipating a con- summation so manifestly in the interest of good administration, more than $100,000 has been stricken from the estimate made to cover this object for the year ending June 30, 1895; and the Secre- tary recommends that the remaining $35,000 of the estimate be coiifined strictly to the purchase of new and improved varieties of seeds, and that these be distributed through experiment stations. Thus the seed will be tested, and after the test has been completed by the experiment station the propagation of the useful varieties and the rejection of the valueless may safely be left to the common sense of the people. The continued intelligent execution of the civil-service law and the increasing approval b)' the people of its operation are most grati- fying. The recent extension of its limitations and regulations to the employes at free-delivery post-offices, which has been honestly and promptly accomplished by the Commission, with the hearty cooperation of the Postmaster-General, is an immensely important advance in the usefulness of the system. I am, if possible, more than ever convinced of the incalculable benefits conferred by the civil-service law, not only in its effect upon the public service, but also, what is even more important, in its effect in elevating the tone of political life generally. The course of civil-service reform in this country instructively and interestingly illustrates how strong a hold a movement gains upon our people which has underlying it a sentiment of justice and right, and which at the same time promises better administration of their Government. The law embodying this reform found its way to our statute book more from fear of the popular sentiment existing in its favor than from any love for the reform itself on the part of legislators; and it has lived and grown and flourished in spite of the covert as well as open hostility of spoilsmen and notwithstanding the querulous impracticability of many self-constituted guardians. Beneath all the vagaries and sublimated theories which are attracted to it there underlies this reform a sturdy common-sense 32 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. principle not only suited to this mundane sphere, but whose appli- cation our people are more and more recognizing to be absolutely essential to the most successful operation of their Government, if not to its perpetuity. It seems to me to be entirely inconsistent with the character of this reform, as well as with its best enforcement, to oblige the Com- mission to rely for clerical assistance upon clerks detailed from other Departments. There ought not to be such a condition in any Depart- ment that clerks hired to do work there can be spared to habitually work at another place; and it does not accord with a sensible view of civil-service reform that persons should be employed on the theory that their labor is necessary in one Department when in point of fact their services are devoted to entirely different work in another Department. I earnestly urge that the clerks necessary to carry on the work of the Commission be regularly put upon its roster, and that the system of obliging the Commissioners to rely upon the services of clerks belonging to other Departments be discontinued. This ought not to increase the expense to the Government, while it would certainly be more consistent and add greatly to the efficiency of the Commission. Economy in public expenditure is a duty that can not innocently be neglected by those intrusted with the control of money drav/n from the people for public uses. It must be confessed that our apparently endless resources, the familiarity of our people with immense accumulations of wealth, the growing sentiment among them that the expenditure of public money should in some manner be to their immediate and personal advantage, the indirect and almost stealthy manner in which a large part of our taxes are exacted, and a degenerated sense of official accountability have led to grow- ing extravagance in governmental appropriations. At this time, when a depleted public Treasury confronts us, when many of our people are engaged in a hard struggle for the necessa- ries of life, and when enforced economy is pressing upon the great mass of our countrymen, I desire to urge with all the earnestness at my command that Congressional legislation be so limited by strict economy as to exhibit an appreciation of the condition of the Treas- ury and a sympathy with the straitened circumstances of our fellow- citizens. The duty of public economy is also of immense importance in its intimate and necessary relation to the task now in hand of pro- viding revenue to meet Government expenditures, and yet reducing the people's burden of Federal taxation. MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 33 After a hard struggle tariff reform is directly before us. Notliiug so important claims our attention and nothing so clearly presents itself as both an opportunity and a duty — an opportunity to deserve the gratitude of our fellow-citizens and a duty imposed upon us by our oft-repeated professions and by the emphatic mandate of the people. After full discussion our countrymen have spoken in favor of this reform, and they have confided the work of its accomplish- ment to the hands of those who are solemnly pledged to it. If there is anything in the theory of a I'epresentation in public places of the people and their desires, if public officers are really the servants of the people, and if political promises and professions have any binding force, our failure to give the relief so long awaited will be sheer recreancy. Nothing should intervene to distract our attention or disturb our effort until this reform is accomplished by vase and careful legislation. While we should staunchly adhere to the principle that only the necessity of revenue justifies the imposition of tariff duties and other Federal taxation, and that they should be limited by strict economy, we can not close our eyes to the fact that conditions have grown up among us which injustice and fairness call for discrimi- nating care in the distribution of such duties and taxation as the emergencies of our Government actually demand. Manifestly, if we are to aid the people directly through tariff reform, one of its most obvious features should be a reduction in present tariff charges upon the necessaries of life. The benefits of such a , reduction would be palpable and substantial, seen and felt by thou- sands who would be better fed and better clothed and better sheltered. These gifts should be the willing benefactions of a Government whose highest function is the j)romotion of the welfare of the people. Not less closely related to our people's prosperity and well-being is the removal of restrictions upon the importation of the raw mate- rials necessary to our manufactures. The world should be open to our national ingenuity and enterprise. This can not be while Fed- eral legislation, through the imposition of high tariff, forbids to American manufacturers as cheap materials as those used by their competitors. It is quite obvious that the enhancement of the price of our manufactured products resulting from this policy not only con- fines the market for these products within our own borders, to the direct disadvantage of our manufacturers, but also increases their cost to our citizens. The interests of labor are certainly, though indirectly, involved in this feature of our tariff system. The sharp competition and active struggle among our manufacturers to supply the limited demand Ab. 93 3 34 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. for their goods, soon fill the iidrrow market to which they are con- fined. Then follows a suspension of work in mills and factories, a discharge of employes, and distress in the homes of our workingmen. Even if the often disproved assertion could be made good that a lower rate of wages would result from free raw materials and low tariff duties, the intelligence of our workingmen leads them quickly to discover that their steady employment; peimitted by free raw ma- terials, is the most important factor in their relation to tariff legis- lation. A measure has been prepared by the appropriate Congressional committee embodying tariff reform on the lines herein suggested, which will be promptly submitted for legislative action. It is the result of much patriotic and unselfish work, and I believe it deals with its subject consistently and as thoroughly as existing conditions permit. I am satisfied that the reduced tariff duties provided for in the proposed legislation, added to existing internal-revenue taxation, will, in the near future, though perhaps not immediately, produce siifficient revenue to meet the needs of the Government. The committee, after full consideration, and to provide against a temporary deficiency which ma}' exist before the business of the country adjusts itself to the new tariff schedules, have wisely embraced in their plan a few additional internal-revenue taxes, including a small tax upon incomes derived from certain corporate investments. These new assessments are not only absolutely just and easily borne, but they have the further merit of being such as can be remitted without unfavorable business disturbance whenever the necessity of their imposition no longer exists. In my great desire for the success of this measure I can not restrain the suggestion that its success can only be attained by means of unselfish counsel on the part of the friends of tariff reform and as a result of their willingness to subordinate personal desires and ambi- tions to the general good. The local interests affected by the pro- posed reform are so numerous and so varied that if all are insisted upon the legislation embodying the reform must inevitably fail. In conclusion, my intense feeling of responsibility impels me to invoke for the manifold interests of a generous and confiding peo- ple the most scrupulous care and to pledge my willing support to every legislative effort for the advancement of the greatness and prosperity of our beloved country. GROVER CLEVELAND. Executive Mansion, Washington^ December ^, iSg^, STATE f^ORMALSCHOOL, MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. To the Senate and House of Representatives : In my recent annual message to the Congress I briefly referred to our relations with Hawaii and expressed the intention of transmit- ting further information on the subject when additional advices per- mitted. Though I am not able now to report a definite change in the actual situation, I am convinced that the difficulties lately created both here and in Hawaii and now standing in the way of a solution through Executive action of the problem presented, render it proper, and expedient, that the matter should be referred to the broader authority and discretion of Congress, with a full explanation of the endeavor thus far made to deal with the emergency and a statement of the considerations which have governed my action. I suppose that right and justice should determine the path to be followed in treating this subject. If national honesty is to be dis- rep-arded and a desire for territorial extension, or dissatisfaction with a form of government not our own, ought to regulate our conduct, I have entirely misapprehended the mission and character of our Government and the behavior which the conscience of our people demands of their public servants. When the present Administration entered upon its duties the Sen- ate had under consideration a treaty providing for the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the territory of the United States. Surely under our Constitution and laws the enlargement of our lim- its is a manifestation of the hio-hest attribute of sovereigntv, and if entered upon as an Executive act, all things relating to the trans- action should be clear and free from suspicion. Additional impor- tance attached to this particular treaty of annexation, because it contemplated a departure from unbroken American tradition in pro- viding fop the addition to our territory of islands of the sea more than two thousand miles removed from our nearest coast. These considerations might not of themselves call for interference with the completion of a treaty entered upon by a previous Admin- istration. But it appeared from the documents accompanying the 35 36 MESSAGE OF THE PUESIDENT. treaty when submitted to the Senate, that the ownership of Hawaii was tendered to us by a provisional government set up to succeed the constitutional ruler of the islands, who had been dethroned, and it did not appear that such provisional government had the sanction of either popular revolution or suffrage. Two other remarkable features of the transaction naturally attracted attention. One was the extraordinary haste — not to say precipitancy — charac- terizing all the transactions connected with the treaty. It appeared that a so-called Committee of Safety, ostensibly the source of the revolt against the constitutional Government of Hawaii, was organ- ized on Saturday, the 14th day of January ; that on Monday, the i6th, the United States forces were landed at Honolulu from a naval vessel lying in its harbor; that on the 17th the scheme of a provi- sional government was perfected, and a proclamation naming its officers was on the same day prepared and read at the Government building; that immediately thereupon the United States Minister recognized the provisional government thus created; that two days afterwards, on the 19th day of January, commissioners representing such government sailed for this country in a steamer especially chartered for the occasion, arriving in San Francisco on the 28th day of January, and in Washington on the 3d day of February; that on the next day they had their first interview with the Secretary of State, and another on the nth, when the treaty of annexation was practically agreed upon, and that on the I4tli it Avas formally con- cluded and on the 15th transmitted to the Senate. Thus between the initiation of the scheme for a provisional government in Hawaii on the 14th day of January and the submission to the Senate of the treaty of annexation concluded with such government, the entire interval was thirty-two days, fifteen of which were spent by the Hawaiian Commissioners in their journey to Washington. In the next place, upon the face of the papers submitted with the treaty, it clearly appeared that there v/as open and undeter- mined an issue of fact of the most vital importance. The message of the President accompanying the treaty declared that " the over- throw of the monarchy was not in any way promoted by this Gov- ernment," and in a letter to the President from the Secretary of State, also submitted to the Senate with the treaty, the following passage occurs: "At the time the provisional government took possession of the Government buildings no troops or officers of the United States were present or took any part whatever in the proceedings. No public recognition was accorded to the provisional government by. the United States Minister until after the Queen's abdication and when they were in effective possession of the Government buildings, MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 37 the archives, the treasury, the barracks, the police station, and all the potential machinery of the Government." But a protest also accompanied said treaty, signed by the Queen and her ministers at the time she made way for the provisional government, which ex- plicitly stated that she yielded to the superior force of the United States, whose Minister had caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support such provisional government. The truth or falsity of this protest was surely of the first impor- tance. If true, nothing but the concealment of its truth could induce our Government to neg^otiate with the semblance of a s:ov- ernment thus created, nor could a treaty resulting from the acts stated in the protest have been knowingly deemed worthy of con- sideration by the Senate. Yet the truth or falsity of the protest had not been investigated. I conceived it to be my duty therefore to withdraw the treaty frcm the Senate for examination, and meanwhile to cause an accu- rate, full, and impartial investigation to be made of the facts attend- ing the subversion of the constitutional Government of Hawaii, and the installment in its place of the provisional government. I selected for the work of investigation the Hon. James H. Blount, of Georgia, whose service of eighteen years as a member of the House of Representatives, and whose experience as chairman of the Com- mittee of Foreign Affairs in that body, and his consequent famili- arity with international topics, joined with his high character and honorable reputation, seemed to render him peculiarly fitted for the duties entrusted to him. His report detailing his action under the instructions given to him and the conclusions derived from his in- vestigation accompany this message. These conclusions do not rest for their acceptance entirely upon Mr. Blount's honesty and ability as a man, nor upon his acumen and impartiality as an investigator. They are accompanied by the evidence upon which they are based, which evidence is also here- with transmitted, and from \yhicli it seems to me no other deductions could possibly be reached than those arrived at by the Commissioner. The report with its accompanying proofs, and such other evidence as is now before the Congress or is herewith submitted, justifies in my opinion the statement that when the President was led to submit the treaty to the Senate with the declaration that "the overthrow of the monarchy was not in any way promoted by this Govern- ment", and when the Senate was induced to receive and discuss it on that basis, both President and Senate were misled. The attempt will not be made in this communication to touch o8 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. upon all the facts which throw light upon the progress and consum- mation of this scheme of annexation. A very brief and imperfect reference to the facts and evidence at hand will exhibit its character and the incidents in which it had its birth. It is unnecessary to set forth the reasons which in January, 1893, led a considerable proportion of American and other foreign mer- chants and traders residing at Honolulu to favor the annexation of Hawaii to the United States. It is sufficient to note the fact and to observe that the project was one which was zealously promoted by the Minister representing the United States in that country. He evidentlv liad an ardent desire that it should become a fact accom- plished by his agency and during his ministry, and was not incon- veniently scrupulous as to the means employed to that end. On the iQtli day of November, 1892, nearly two months before the first overt act tending towards the subversion of the Hawaiian Government and tlie attempted transfer of Hawaiian territory to the United States, he addressed a- long letter to the Secretary of State in which the case for annexation was elaborately argued, on moral, political, and eco- nomical grounds. He refers to the loss to the- Hawaiian sugar in- terests from the operation of the McKinley bill, and the tendency to still further depreciation of sugar property unless some positive measiu'e of relief is granted. He strongly inveighs against the ex- isting Hawaiian Government and emphatically declares for annexa- tion. He says: "In truth the monarchy here is an absurd anachro- nism. It has nothing on which it logically or legitimately stands. The feudal basis on which it once stood no longer existing, the mon- archy now is only an impediment to good government — an obstruc- tion to the prosperity and progress of the islands." He further says: "As a crown colony of Great Britain or a Terri- tory of the United States the government modifications could be made readily and good administration of the law secured. Destiny and the vast future interests of the United States in the Pacific clearly indicate who at no distant day must be responsible for the government of tliese islands. Under a territorial government they could be as easily governed as any of the existing Territories of the United States. ' ' * :K * << Hawaii has reached the parting of the ways. She must now take the road which leads to Asia, or the other which outlets her in America, gives her an American civilization, and binds lier to the care of American destiny." He also declares: " One of two courses seems to me absolutely necessary to be followed, either bold and vigorous measures for annexation or a 'customs union,' an ocean cable from the Californian coast to Honolulu, Pearl Harbor perpetually ceded to the United States, with an implied but not ex- MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 39 pressly stipulated American protectorate over tlie islands. I believe the former to be the better, that which will prove much the more advantageous to the islands, and the cheapest and least embarcassing in the end to the United States. If it was wise for the United States through Secretary Marcy thirty-eight years ago to offer to expend $iOD,obo to secure a treaty of annexation, it certainly can not be chimerical or unwise to expend $ioo,goo to secure annexation in the near future. To-day the United States has five times the wealth she possessed in 1854, and the reasons now existing for annexation are much stronger than they were then. I can not refrain from express- ing the opinion with emphasis that the golden- hour is near at hand." These declarations certainly show a disposition and condition of mind, which may be usefully recalled when interpreting the signifi- cance of the Minister's conceded acts or when considering the prob- abilities of such conduct on his part as may not be admitted. In this view it seems proper to also quote from a letter written by the Minister to the Secretary of State on the 8th day of March, 1892, nearly a year prior to the first step taken toward annexation. After stating the possibility that the existing Government of Hajvaii might be overturned by an orderly and peaceful revolution. Minister Stevens writes as follows : "Ordinarily in like circumstances, the rule seems to be to limit the landing and movement of United vStates forces in foreign waters and dominion exclusively to the protection of the United States legation and of the lives and property of American citizens. But as the relations of the United States to Hawaii are exceptional, and in former years the United States officials here took somewhat exceptional action in circumstances of disorder, I desire to know how far the present Minister and naval commander may deviate from established* international rules and precedents in the contingencies indicated in the first part of this dispatch." To a minister of this temper full of zeal for annexation there seemed to arise in January, 1893, the precise opportunity for which he was watchfully waiting — an opportunity which by timely "devia- tion from established international rules and precedents" might be improved to successfully accomplish the great object in view; and we are quite prepared for the exultant enthusiasm with which in a letter to the State Department dated February i, 1893, he declares : ' ' The Hawaiian pear is now fully ripe and this is the golden hour for the United States to pluck it." As a further illustration of the activity of this diplomatic repre- sentative, attention is called to the fact that on the day the above letter v/as written, apparently unable longer to restrain his ardor, he issued a proclamation whereby "in the name of the United 40 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. States" he assumed the protection of the Hawaiian Islands and declared that said action was "taken pending and subject to nego- tiations at Washington. ' ' Of course this assumption of a protector- ate was promptly disavowed by our Government, but the American flag remained over the Government building at Honolulu and the forces remained on guard until April, and after Mr. Blount's arrival on the scene, when both were removed. A brief statement of the occurrences that led to the subversion of the constitutional Government of Hawaii in the interests of annexa- tion to the United States will exhibit the true complexion of that transaction. On Saturday, January 14, 1893, the Queen of Hawaii, who had been contemplating the proclamation of a new constitution, had, in deference to the wishes and remonstrances of her cabinet, renounced the project for the present at least. Taking this relinquished pur- pose as a basis of action, citizens of Honolulu numbering from fifty to one hundred, mostly resident aliens, met in a private office and se- lected a so-called Committee of Safety, composed of thirteen persons, seven of whom were foreign subjects, and consisted of five Ameri- cans, one Englishman, and one German. This committee, though its designs were not revealed, had in view nothing less than annex- ation to the United States, and between Saturday, the I4tli, and the following Monday, the i6th of January — though exactly what action was taken may not be clearly disclosed — they were certainly in com- munication with the United States Minister. On Monday morning the Queen and her cabinet made public proclamation, with a notice which was specially served upon the representatives of all foreign governments, that any changes in the constitution would be sought only in the methods provided by that instrument. Nevertheless, at the call and under the auspices of the Committee of Safety, a mass meeting of citizens was held on that day to protest against the Queen's alleged illegal and unlawful proceedings and purposes. Even at this meeting the Committee of Safety continued to disguise their real purpose and contented themselves with procuring the passage of a resolution denouncing the Queen and empowering the committee to devise ways and means "to secure the permanent main- tenance of law and order and the protection of life, liberty, and prop- erty in Hawaii." This meeting adjourned between three and four o'clock in the afternoon. On the same day, and immediately after such adjournment, the committee, unwilling to take further steps without the cooperation of the United States Minister, addressed him a note representing that the public safety was menaced and that lives and property were in danger, and concluded as follows: MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 41 "We are unable to protect ourselves without aid, and therefore pray for the protection of the United States forces. ' ' Whatever may be thought of the other contents of this note, the absolute truth of this latter statement is incontestable. When the note was written and delivered, the committee, so far as it appears, had neither a man nor a gun at their command, and after its delivery they became so panic-stricken at their position that they sent some of their number to interview the Minister and request him not to land the United States forces till the next morning. But he replied that the troops had been ordered, and whether the committee were ready or not the landing should take place. And so it happened that on the i6th day of January, 1893, between four and five o'clock in the afternoon, a detachment of marines from the United States steamer Boston, with two pieces of artillery, landed at Honolulu. The men, upwards of 160 in all, were supplied with double car- tridofe belts filled with ammunition and with haversacks and can- teens, and were accompanied by a hospital corps with stretchers and medical supplies. This military demonstration upon the soil of Honolulu was of itself an act of war, unless made either with the consent of the Government of Hawaii or for the bona fide ^^mi'^osq. of protecting the imperilled lives and property of citizens of the United States. But there is no pretense of any such consent on the part of the Government of the Queen,- w^hicli at that time was undisputed and was both the de facto and the de jure government. In point of fact the existing government instead of requesting the presence of an armed force protested against it. There is as little basis for the pretense that such forces were landed for the security of American life and property. If so, they would have been sta- tioned in the vicinity of such property and so as to protect it, instead of at a distance and so as to command the Hawaiian Government building and palace. Admiral Skerrett, the officer in command of our naval force on the Pacific station, has frankly stated that in his opinion the location of the troops was inadvisable if they were landed for the protection of American citizens whose residences and places of business, as well as tlie legation and consulate, were in a distant part of the city, but the location selected was a wise one if the forces were landed for the purpose of supporting the provi- sional government. If any peril to life and property calling for any such martial array had existed. Great Britain and other foreign j^ow- ers interested would not have been behind the United States in activity to protect their citizens. But they made no sign in that direction. When these armed men were landed, the city of Honolulu was in its customary orderly and peaceful condition. There was no 42 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. symptom of riot or disturbance in any quarter. Men, women, and children were about the streets as usual, and notliing varied the ordinary routine or disturbed the ordinary tranquillity, except the landing- of the Bostoii' s marines and their march through the town to the quarters assigned them. Indeed, the fact that after having called for the landing of the United States forces on the plea of danger to life and propefty the Committee of Safety themselves requested the Minister to postpone action, exposed the untruthful- ness of their representations of present peril to life and property. The peril they saw was an anticipation growing out of guilty inten- tions on their part and something which, though not then existing, they knew would certainly follow their attempt to overthrow the Government of the Queen without the aid of the United States forces. Thus it appears that Hawaii was taken possession of by the United States forces without the consent or wish of the government of the islands, or of anybody else so far as shown, except the United States Minister. • Therefore the military occujpation of Honolulu by the United States on the day mentioned was wholly without justification, either as an occupation by consent or as an occupation necessitated by dan- gers threatening American life and property. It must be accounted for in some other way and on some other ground, and its real mo- tive and purpose are neither obscure nor far to seek. The United States forces being now on the scene and favorably stationed, the committee proceeded to carry out their original scheme. They met the next morning, Tuesday, the 17th, perfected the plan of temporary government, and fixed upon its principal officers, ten of whom were drawn from the thirteen members of the Committee of Safety. Between one and two o'clock, by squads and by different routes to avoid notice, and having first taken the precaution of ascer- taining whether there was any one there to oppose therii, they pro- ceeded to the Government building to proclaim the new government. No sign of opposition was manifest, and thereupon an American citi- zen began to read the proclamation from the steps of the Government building almost entirelv without auditors. It is said that before the reading was finished quite a concourse of persons, variously estimated at from 50 to 100, some armed and some unarmed, gathered about the committee to give them aid and confidence. This statement is not important, since the one controlling factor in the whole affair was unquestionably the United States marines, who, drawn up inider arms and with artiller}' in readiness only seventy- six yards distant, dominated the situation. The provisional government thus proclaimed was by the terms of MESSAGE OF THE PEESIDENT. 43 the proclamation "to exist until terms of union with the United States had been negotiated and agreed upon". The United States Minister, pursuant to prior agreement, recognized this government within an hour after the reading of the proclamation, and before five o'clock, in ansv/er to an inquiry on behalf of the Queen and her cabinet, announced that he had done so. When our Minister recognized the provisional government the only basis upon which it rested was the fact that the Committee of Safety had in the manner above stated declared it to exist. It was neither a government de facto nor de jure. That it was not in such possession of the Government property and agencies as entitled it to recognition is conclusively proved by a note found in the files of the Legation at Honolulu, addressed by the declared head of the provi- sional government to i\Iinister Stevens, dated January 17, 1893, in which he acknowledges with expressions of appreciation the Min- ister's recognition of the provisional government, and states that it is not yet in the possession of the station house (the place where a large number of the Queen's troops were quartered), though the same had been demanded of the Queen's officers in charge. Nevertheless, this wrongful recognition by our Minister placed the Government of the Queen in a position of most perilous perplexity. On the one hand she had possession of the palace, of the barracks, and of the police station, and had at her command at least five hundred fully armed men and several pieces of artillery. Indeed, the whole mili- tary force of her kingdom was on her side and at her disposal, while the Committee of Safety, by actual search, had discovered that there were but very few arms in Honolulu that were not in the service ot the Government. In this state of things if the Queen could have dealt with the insurgents alone her course would have been plain and the result unmistakable. But the United States had allied itself with her enemies, had recognized them as the true Government of Hawaii, and had put her and her adherents in the position of opposition aga.inst lawful authority. She knew that she could not withstand the power of the United States, but she believed that she might safely trust to its justice. Accordingh', some hours after the recog- nition of the provisional government by the United States Minister, the palace, the barracks, and the police station, with all the mili- tary resources of the country, were delivered up by the Queen upon the representation made to her that her cause would thereafter be reviewed at Washington, and while protesting that she surrendered to the superior force of the United States, whose Minister had caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support the provisional government, and that she 44 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. yielded her authority to prevent collision of armed forces and loss of life and only until such time as the United States, upon the facts being presented to it, should undo the action of its representative and reinstate her in the authority she claimed as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands. This protest was delivered to the chief of the provisional govern- ment, who endorsed thereon his acknowledgment of its receipt. The terms of the protest were read without dissent by those assum- ing to constitute the provisional government, who were certainly charged with the knowledge that the Queen instead of finally abandoning her pov;er had appealed to the justice of the United States for reinstatement in her authority; and yet the provisional government with this unanswered protest in its hand hastened to negotiate with the United States for the permanent banishmenfof the Queen from power and for a sale of her kingdom. Our country was in danger of occupying the position of having actually set up a temporary government on foreign soil for the pur- pose of acquiring through that agency territory which we had wrong- fully put in its possession. The control of both sides of a bargain acquired in such a manner is called by a familiar and unpleasant name when found in private transactions. We are not without a precedent showing how scrupulously we avoided such accusations in former days. After the people of Texas had declared their inde- pendence of Mexico they resolved that on the acknowledgment of their independence by the United States they would seek admission into the Union. Several months after the battle of San Jacinto, by which Texan independence was practically assured and established, President Jackson declined to recognize it, alleging as one of his reasons that in the circumstances it became us "to beware of a too early movement, as it might subject us, however unjustly, to the imputation of seeking to establish the claim of our neighbors to a territory with a view to its subsequent acquisition by ourselves". This is in marked contrast with the hasty recognition of a govern- ment openly and concededly set up for the purpose of tendering to us territorial annexation. I believe that a candid and thorough examination of the facts will force the conviction that the provisional government owes its exist- ence t6 an armed invasion by the United States. Fair-minded people with the evidence before them w^ill hardly claim that the Hawaiian Government w^as overthrown by the people of the islands or that the provisional government had ever existed with their consent. I do not understand that any member of this government claims that the MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 45 people would uphold it by their suffrages if they were allowed to vote on the question. While naturally sympathizing with every effort to establish a republican form of government, it has been the settled policy of the United States to concede to people of foreign countries the same freedom and independence in the management of their domestic affairs that we have always claimed for ourselves; and it has been our practice to recognize revolutionary governments as soon as it became apparent that they were supported by the people. For illustration of this rule I need only to refer to the revolution in Brazil in 1889, when our Minister was instructed to recognize the Republic "so soon as a majority of the people of Brazil should have signified their assent to its establishment and maintenance " ; to the revolution in Chile in 1891, when our Minister was directed to recognize the new government " if it was accepted by the people" ; and to the revolution in Venezuela in 1892, when our recognition was accorded on condition that the new government was "fully established, in possession of the power of the nation, and accepted by the people." As I apprehend the situation, we are brought face to face with the following conditions : The lawful Government of Hawaii was overthrown without the drawing of a sword or the firing of a shot by a process every step of which, it may safely be asserted, is directly traceable to and dependent for its success upon the agency of the United States acting through its diplomatic and naval representatives. But for the notorious predilections of the United States Minister for annexation, the Committee of Safety, which should be called the Committee of Annexation, would never have existed. But for the landing of the United States forces upon false pre- texts respecting the danger to life and property the committee would never have exposed themselves to the pains and penalties of treason by undertaking the subversion of the Queen's Government. But for the presence of the United States forces in the immediate vicinity and in position to afford all needed protection and support the committee would not have proclaimed the provisional govern- ment from the steps of the Governm.ent building. And finally, but for the lawless occupation of Honolulu under false pretexts by the United States forces, and but for Minister Stevens's recognition of the provisional government when the United States forces were its sole support and constituted its only military strength, the Queen and her Government would never have yielded to the provisional government, even for a time and for tlie 46 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. sole purpose of submitting lier case to the enlightened justice of the United States. Believing, therefore, that the United States could not, under the circumstances disclosed, annex the islands without justly incurring the imputation of acquiring them by unjustifiable methods, I shall not again submit the treaty of annexation to the Senate for its con- sideration, and in the instructions to Minister Willis, a copy of which accompanies this message, I have directed him to so inform the provisional government. But in. the present instance our duty dpes not, in my opinion, end wnth refusing to consummate this questionable transaction. It has been the boast of our Government that it seeks to do justice in all thino-s Avithout resfard to the strength or weakness of those w^itli wdiom it deals. I mistake the American people if the)^ favor tlie o:"!ious doctrine that there is no such thing as international morality, that there is one law for a strong nation and another for a weak one, and that even by indirection a strong power may with impunity despoil a weak one of its territory. By an act of war, committed with the participation of a diplo- matic representative of the United States and without authority of Congress, the Government of a feeble but friendly and confiding people has been overthrown. A substantial wrong has thus been done which a due regard for our national character as well as the rio-hts of the injured people requires we should endeavor to repair. The provisional government has not assumed a republican or other constitutional form, but has remained a mere executive council or oligarchy, set up without the assent of the people. It has not sought to find a permanent basis of popular support and has given no evidence of an intention to do so. Indeed, the representatives of that government assert that the people of Hawaii are unfit for popu- lar government and frankly avow that they can be best ruled by arbitrary or despotic power. The law of nations is founded upon reason and justice, and the rules of conduct governing individual relations between citizens or subjects of a civilized state are equally applicable as between enliehtened nations. The considerations that international law is w'ithout a court for its enforcement, and that obedience to its com- mands practically depends upon good faith, instead of upon the mandate of a superior tribunal, only give additional sanction to the law itself and brand any deliberate infraction of it not merely as a wrong but as a disgrace. A man of true honor protects the unwritten word which binds his conscience more scrupulously, if possible, than he does the bond a breach of w^hich subjects him to MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. 47 legal liabilities ; and the United States in aiming to maintain itself as one of the most enlightened of nations Avould do its citizens gross injustice if it applied to its international relations any other than a high standard of honor and morality. On that ground the United States can not properly be put in the position of counte- nancing a wrong after its commission any more than in that of consenting to it in advance. On that ground it can not allow itself to refuse to redress an injury inflicted through an abuse of power by officers clothed V\dth its authority and wearing its uniform; and on the same ground, if a feeble but friendly state is in danger of being robbed of its independence and its sovereignty by a misuse of the name and power of the United States, the United States can not fail to vindicate its honor and its sense of justice by an earnest effort to make all possible reparation. These principles apply to the present case vs^ith irresistible force when the special conditions of the Queen's surrender of her sover- eignty are recalled. She surrendered not to the provisional govern- ment, but to the United States. She surrendered not absolutely and permanently, but temporarily and conditionally until such time as the facts could be considered by the United States. Further- more, the provisional government acquiesced in her surrender in that manner and on those terms, not only by tacit consent, but through the positive acts of some members of that government who urged her peaceable submission, not merely to avoid bloodshed, but because she could place implicit reliance upon the justice of the United States, and that the whole subject would be finally con- sidered at Washington. I have not, however, overlooked an incident of this unfortunate affair which remains to .be mentioned. The members of the j^ro- visional government and their supporters, though not entitled to extreme sympathy, have been led to their present predicament of revolt against the Government of the Queen by the indefensible encouragement and assistance of our diplomatic representative. This fact may entitle them to claim that in our effort to rectify the wrong- committed some regard should be had for their safety. This senti- ment is strongly seconded by my anxiety to do nothing which would invite either harsh retaliation on the part of the Queen or violence -and bloodshed in any quarter. In the belief that the Queen, as v/ell as her enemies, would be willing to adopt such a course as would meet these conditions, and in view of the fact that both the Queen and the provisional government had at one time apparently acquiesced in a reference of the entire case to the United States Government, and considering the further fact that in any event the provisional 48 MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. government by its own declared limitation was only "to exist until terms of union with the United States of America have been nego- tiated and agreed upon," I hoped that after the assurance to the members of that government that such union could not be consum- mated I might compass a peaceful adjustment of the difficulty. Actuated by these desires and purposes, and not unmindful of the inherent perplexities of the situation nor of the limitations upon my power, I instructed Minister Willis to advise the Queen and her sup- porters of my desire to aid in the restoration of the status existing before the lawless landing of the United States forces at Honolulu on the i6th of January last, if such restoration could be effected upon terms providing for clemency as well as justice to all parties con- cerned. The conditions suggested, as the instructions show, con- template a general amnesty to those concerned in setting up the provisional government and a recognition of all its bona fide acts and obligations. In short, they require that the past should be buried, and that the restored Government should reassume its au- thority as if its continuity had not been interrupted. These condi- tions have not proved acceptable to the Queen, and though she has been informed that they will be insisted upon, and that, unless acceded to, the efforts of the President to aid in the restoration of her Government will cease, I have not thus far learned that she is willing to yield them her acquiescence. The check which my plans have thus encountered has prevented their presentation to the mem- bers of the provisional government, while unfortunate public mis- representations of the situation and exaggerated statements of the sentiments of our people have obviously injured the prospects of successful Executive mediation. I therefore submit this communication with iis accompanying exhibits, embracing Mr. Blount's report, the evidence and state- ments taken by him at Honolulu, the instructions given to both Mr. Blount and Minister Willis, and correspondence connected with the affair in hand. In commending this subject to the extended powers and wide dis- cretion of the Congress, I desire to add the assurance that I shall be much gratified to cooperate in any legislative plan which may be devised for the solution of the problem before us which is consistent with American honor, integrity, and morality. GROVER CLEVELAND. Executive Mansion, Washington^ Deceinber i8^ ^Sgj, ANNUAL REPORT ON THE EINANCES. Treasury Departjient, WasJiington, D. C, JDecemher 19^ 1893. Sir : I have tlie honor to submit the following report : RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES. Fiscal year 1893. The revenues of the Government from all sources for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, were : From From From From From From From From From From From From From From From From From From From From From From From From From customs *. $203,355 internal revenue 161, 027^ sales of public lands- fees — consular, letters patent, and land the District of Columbia profits on coinage, bullion deposits, and assays sinkinjf fund for Pacific railways tax on national banks repayment of interest by Pacific raihvaj'S navy i:)ensiou and navy hospital funds, etc customs fees, fines, penalties, and forfeitures sales of Indian lauds sale of old custom-house, Pittsburg, Pa proceeds District of Columbia ten-year funding bonds., immigrnnt fund sales of Government property Soldiers' Home, permanent fund deposits for surveying public lands sale of old custom-house, Milwaukee, Wis sales of ordnance material tax on seal skins depredations on public lands , sales of condemned naval vessels miscellaneous sources 3, 182 3, 156: 3,111 2,349 2,052 1, 392 971 962 806 779 433 405 288 164 162 156 71 26 23: 21 1 916 postal service 75, 896 016. 73 623. 93 089. 78 217. 12 742. 27 471. 15 483. 39 623. 63 832. 68 780. 53 919.88 310. 73 500. 00 164. 00 219.68 703. 48 733. 05 282.46 526. 37 187. 26 972. 60 148. 01 138. 35 936. 70 933. IG Total receipts 461,716,561.94 The expenditures for the same period were : For the civil establishment, including foreign intercourse, public buildings, collecting the revenues, deficiency in postal revenues, rebate of tax on tobacco, refund of direct taxes, French spoliation claims, District of Columbia, and other miscellaneous expenses $103, 732, 799. 27 For the military establishment, including rivers and harbors, forts, arsenals, and seacoast defenses 49, 641, 773. 47 For the naval estal)lishment, including construction of new vessels, machinery, armament, equipment, and improvement at navy-j'ards. .. 30, 136, 084. 43 For Indian service 13, 345, 347. 27 For pensions 159,357,557.87 For interest on the public debt... 27,264,392. 18 For postal service 75,896,933. 16 TotaTexpenditures 459,374,887.65 Leaving a .surplus of. 2, 341,674.29 Ab. 93 4 49 50 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. To tliis sum was added $2,937,580, deposited iu the Treasury uuder tlic act of July 14, 1890, for the rede)ui)tiou of uational bauk notes ; $7,770 received for 4 percent bonds issued for interest accrued on re- funding certificates converted during tbe year, and 14,445,400.21 taken from the cash balance in the Treasury, making a total of $9,732,424.50, which was applied to the payment of the public debt, as follows : Rcdeuiption of — Bonds, Iractioual currency, and notes for the sinking fund §6, 708, 744. 50 Five-twenties of 18G2 20,200.00 Five-twenties of June, 1864 10,000.00 Consols of 1865 6,600.00 Consols of 1867 11,700.00 Consols of 1883 25,100.00 Ten-forties of 1864 500.00 National l)ank notes '.. 2,937,580.00 Total 9,732,424.50 As compared with the fiscal year 1892, the receipts for 1893 increased $35, 848, 301. 72, as folio v.'S : Source. 1892. Customs S177, Internal revenue I 153, Postal service \ 70, Sale of old custoai-house at Pittsburg Pa. 452, 9G4. 971,072. 930,475. Profits on coinage, bullion deposits, and assay.s 2, 020, .5 12. 39 Sinkiri;; fund for Paeificrailways j 1,828,771.46 Di'rinting l'iil)lic buildings Fuel, etc., public buildings Custodians and janitor.s Furniture for public buildings Healing apparatus, public buildings... Vaults, safes, etc., public buildings.... Propagation of food-fishes Fish hatcheries National Museum Zoological Park Smithsonian Institution .". Columbian Exposition Interstate Commerce Commission Expenses of Treasury notes Sinking funds. Pacific railways French spoliation claims Miscellaneous items War l>epartment — Salaries and expenses Navy Department — Salaries and expenses Interior Department — Salaries and expenses Public lands service Colleges for agriculture Eleventh Census..... Miscellaneous items Post-Ofiice Department — Salaries and expenses Deficiency in postal revenues Mail transportation, Pacific rail- roads IMiscel Ian eons items Department of Agriculture — Salaries and expenses Weather Bureau Department of i^atior — Salaries and expenses 1892. S7,683, 177. ia5, 1,74': 3,210 •198, 1,191 199, 3,900, 318 2,610 7, 312 3.3 168 6,64G 3, 007 3, G88, 294 993, 232, 63, IC 98, 634 1,059, 3,237 520 273, 1,12: 6,319. 751 010 293 102 38 305 58, 189 06, 113 519. 218 249, 1, 833, 102, 368 2,414 380, 4,774 2. 351 1,017 1,250 669 876, 4,051 1,688 2,204 738, 514.32 615.59 504. 400. 408.77 498. 64 590. 15 384. 63 645.21 856. 05 855.07 077. 79 751.50 531.71 276.05 218. SI 999. 04 497. 69 942. 82 944.09 021.70 049. 44 600. 00 278.07 098. 20 317.44 069. 53 SG9. 79 033. 84 270. 94 001.47 721.63 697. 77 707. .51 575.13 851.61 478. 08 227. 06 939. 07 880. 23 875. 73 SS.->. 03 407.50 422. 52 440. 74 510. 77 918.70 539. 03 279. 84 440. 17 000.00 422. 86 066. 61 817.41 489. 71 379. 31 772.01 912.79 919.08 108, 259. 40 1893. $8,308, 329 141 1,997 3, 188, 49' 1,155, 214, 4, 175 816 9, 375^ 278, 220, 6,756, 2, 898, 3,574 230 922 228 76. 40 64, 6.34 1, 258 2, 684 465 30 i 1,039 5,050. 785 704 251 108, 09 295 22 166 50. 125: 2,711 240, 260, 1, 977 19 492 2, 382, 380 4, 762 2,321 91: 1,17: 582, 861 5, 946 1,615. 1 2, 236 905 057.07 616. 50 909. 87 042. 90 908. 33 833. 88 519.97 856. 19 627. 90 205.72 315.65 130. 88 234. 42 862.21 790. 98 370. 14 151.72 271.08 097. 30 975. 29 2.37. 53 905. 50 954. 12 8.55. 50 526. 55 853. 00 540.03 5.34.. 36 842.57 796. 59 987. 85 010.67 173.12 14.3. 39 611.78 394. 43 026. 27 404. 44 .390. 20 976. 82 258.51 827. 45 (557. 15 296.71 776.00 084. 01 715.37 854.60 902. 62 715.51 000. 00 569. 66 318. 43 122. S7 795. 19 229. 20 408.61 500.92 .379. 81 179, 089. 18 Increase. $624,542.75 152, 000. 91 6,405.11 254,612.05 15, 471. 51 268, 982. 09 2,033,053.09 212,482.92 52, 3:30. .50 llOy.514. 93 13,215.83 30,916.06 577!43 198, 828. 35 27,604.57 34, 323. .38 93,319.04 5,375.88 31,0.30.05 12,096.59 2,191,382.78 21,911.82 17, 189.&5 143,874.19 123, 573. 84 6,314.97 1, 895, 305. 48 636.60 31.1588.13 166, 430. 13 11,429.78 Decrease. $21,. 500. 41 661.70 36,070.18 3 18, .590. ,33 1,791, 539. >S2 108,818.67 114,847.92 5.8,220.01 71,81.5.46 3, 908. to 3.3,705.88 552,401.44 00, 529. 50 83,191.27 1,268,480.35 42,524.05 10,457.18 36,4.52.41 22 .822 02 iei 548. 87 82,664.74 32, 233. 33 11,. 377. 22 29,721.66 105, 000. 00 S3, 853. 20 86,748.13 1.5,091.51 73, 1.50. 11 52 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Increase in ordinary expenditures — Continued. Source. Department of Justice- Salaries and expenses Fees of supervisors of elections .... Salaries of justices, marshals, etc., Fees and expenses of marshals Fees of witnesses Fees of district attorneys Fees of jurors Fees of clerks F'ces of conmiissioncrs Support of prisoners Pav of b.ailid's -. Jndjjments, United States courts.. Miscellaneous items Expenses territorial courts in Utah.... District of Columbia — SaLiries and expenses Ten-j'ear funding bonds Total Civil Establishment.. MILIT.^RY ESTABLISHMEXT. Pay Department ■ Subsistence Department Quartermaster's Department Medical Department Ordnance Department Engineer's Department Signal Service Military Academy Improving harbors Improving rivers Military posts Expenses of recruiting Records of the Reljellion National Home for Disabled Soldiers State homes for disabled soldiers Support of Soldiers' Home Soldiers' Home, permanent fund Soldiers' Home, interest account Horses lost in service Damages by improvement of Fox and ■\Visconsin rivers Miscellaneous items 1S02. 8277,482.19 79,503.49 829, C12. P6 934, 079. G8 1,037,511.53 302,881.58 599, ,509. 51 231,390.97 137,026.10 374, 287. 51 131,210.02 3,617.00 228, 668. 29 44,827.51 6,331,960.50 2,412,744.00 1893. 8305, 044. 41 608, 698. 39 1,011,841.36 1,678.019.83 1,150,930.02 386,164.66 564, 903. 17 331, 783.76 438, 742. 64 753, 614. 50 227, 750. 92 17, 095. 70 415,471.51 114,171.60 5,827,525.02 405, 156. 00 99,841,938.61 103,732,799.27 Total Military Establishment.. N.WAL, ESTABLISHMEXT. Increase of the Navy Bureau of Yards and Docks Bureau of Equipment Bureau of Navigation Bureau of Construction and Repair.. Bureau of Ordnance Bureau of Steam Knginccring Bureau of Supplies and Accounts Bureau of Medicine and Surgery JIarine Corps Naval Academy Pay of the Navy Miseellar.eous items Total Naval Establishment.. Indian Service Pensions Interest on the public debt.. Grand total.. Net increase. 13, 936, 1,524, 7,209, 681, 4, 094, 878, 31, 317, 4, 473, 8, 543, 6.30, 120, 187, 2,067, 458, 194, 120, 72, 795. 73 040. 97 849.70 989. 33 947. 27 562. 43 697. 62 471.85 678. 42 5,30.06 744.53 709. 27 439.02 444.53 333. 34 254. 43 900. 00 879.55 878.04 749, 309. 56 46, 895, 456. 30 13, 615, 1, 608, 8, 095, 382. 4, 827; 839, 36, 227, 4, 067, 10, 732, 593, 120, 230, 2,478, 699, 162, 129, 74, 46, 177. 17 306.37 768. 44 4.59. 89 732. 78 7.32. 06 264.44 128. 65 120.24 715.71 413.24 515. 87 900.39 651.67 090. 10 550. 39 000. 00 1S8.06 411.23 139, 957. 83 534, 642. 91 49,641,773.47 13, 756, 1,445, 1, 063, 253, 1, 206, 610, 763, 1, 575, 219, 878, 221 7,04l', 136, 499. 90 358. 35 616.82 286. 55 735. 82 095.18 110.27 064. 12 COO. 99 9.87.78 378. 32 529. 49 409. 39 29, 174, 138. 98 11,1.50,577.67 134, 583, 0.52. 79 23, 378, 116. 23 345,023,330.58 15, 030, 226. 74 1,209,702.70 861,414.98 245, 017. 41 994. 423. 28 449. 788. 29 753, 836. .34 1, 505, 843. 92 223, 910. 40 894,811.02 211,744.63 7,401,862.60 352, 806. 12 Increase. 827,562.22 529, 194. 90 182, 228. 40 74.3,310.15 113,418.49 83,280.C8 100,392.79 301,116.54 379, 326. 99 96, 540. 90 14,078.70 186, 803. 22 69, 344. 09 11,644,075.68 Decrease. 8.34, 516. 34 504,4.35.51 2, 007, 583. 00 7,753,205.02 84, 265. 40 885,918.74 132,785.51 ""4"566!82 2, 189, 185. 68 43, 460. 77 411.207.14 210.750.76 8, 100. 00 1,318.51 45, 533. 19 139, 957. 83 321, 618. 56 299, 529. 49 "38',830.37 90, 343. 20 406, 5.58. 18 37,301.29 193. 40 31,698.04 4,187,056.35 1,273,726.84 30, 136, 084. 43 13, 345, 347. 27 159, 357, 557. 87 27, 264. 392. 18 383,477,951.49 38,454,823.91 4, 909. 41 15,853.24 360, 333. 11 210, 330. 73 1, 871, 159. 33 2,191,769.60 24, 774, .505. OS 3, 886, 275. 95 48,557,811.99 214, 606. 65 1,440,7.39.18 235, .595. 65 202,201.84 7, 069. 14 212,312.54 160, .306. 89 9, 273. 93 69, 220. 20 12, 633. 69 909,213.88 10,103,218.03 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY. 53 Fiscal year 1894- The revenues of the Government for the present fiscal year are thus estimated upon the basis of existing laws : From customs $175, 000, 000 00 From iuterual revenue 150, 000, 000. 00 From miscellaneous sources 20, 000, 000. 00 From x».?trJ service 85, 121, 365. 38 Total estimated revenues 430,121,365.33 The expenditures for the same period are estimated as follows : For the civil establishment , $101,000,000.00 For the military establishmeoit 52,000,000.00 For the naval establishment 32, 500, OuO. 00 For the Indian service 9, 000, 000. OO For pensions 152, 000, 000. 00 For interest on the public debt .• 26, 500, 000. 00 For postal service 85, 121, 365. 33 Total estimated exijenditures 458, 121, 365. 38 Or a deficit of. 28,000,000.00 Fiscal year 1895. It is estimated that upon the basis of existing laws the revenues of the Government for the fiscal year 1895 will be: From customs ?190, 000, 000. 00 From internal revenue 160,000,000.00 From miscellaneous sources 20, 000, 000. 00 From po.stal service 84,427,748.41 Total estimated revenues 454, 427, 748. 44 The estimates of appropriations required for the same i)eriod, as sub- mitted by the several Executive Departments and offices, are as follov/s: Legislative establishment §3,793,104.23 Executive establishment — Ey.ccutive proper §203,280.00 State Department 158,000.00 Treasury Department 8,716,0.36.10 War Department 1, 862, 016. 00 Navy Department 430, 860. 00 Interior Department 5, 179,094.00 Post-Office Department 926,130.00 Department of Agriculture 2,233,843.06 Department of Justice 181,200.00 Department of Labor 161,870.00 20, 055, 329. 16 Judicial establishment 695,920.00 Foreign intercourse 1, 642, 638. 76 Military establishment 25,709,895.40 Naval establishment 27,138,127.02 Indian affixii's 6, 931, 156. 61 Pensions ♦, 162,631,570.00 Public ^Yorks— Legislative $905,000.00 Treasury Department 2, 452, 935. 00 War Department 21,463,307.65 Navy Department .^..... 737,787.00 Interior Department .*..... 128,220.00 Department of Justice 1, 000. 00 25, 638. 249. 65 54 REl'OUT OF THE SECKETAliY OF THE .TREASURY. Misecllniieons — Lesislativc $3,205,018.83 Treasury Department i), 9(i3, 355. 33 "War Depaitnient 4, 101, 280. 70 Interior Department 2,108,180.00 Department of Justice » 5, 330, 725. 00 District of Columbia 5,351,473.91 §30, 54G, 033. 77 Postal .service, including ?5,971, 730.89 deficiency iu postal revenues... 90, 399, 485. 33 Perniancnt annual appropriations — Interest on the public debt $20, 500, 000. 00 Refunding — customs, internal revenue, etc 10, 533, 000. 00 Collecting revenue from customs 5, 500, 000. 00 Miscellaneous 10, 541, 080. 00 ^3, 074, 630. 00 Total estimated appropriations, exclusive of sinking fund 448, 300, 789. 93 Or an estimated surplus of 0,120,958.51 COINS AND COINAGE— PRECIOUS METALS. Tho report of the Director of the Mint gives in detail the operations of the mints and assay offices during the year, together with statistics and inqniries iu relation to the financial condition of our own and for- eign countiies. The value of the gold deposited at the mints and assay offices during the year was $50,839,905,53. Of this sum $40,449,841.50 were composed of original deposits and $4,390,064.03 were redcposits. Of the amount deposited $33,286,167.94 was classed as of domestic production, $8,541,- 027.11 foreign gold coin and bullion, $3,830,176.02 old material, and worn and uncurrent domestic gold coins $792,470.43. The deposits and purchases of silver during the year aggregated 65,- 822,135.19 fine ounces, the coining value of the same in silver dollars being $85,103,300.67. Of this sum $73,606,045.23 was of domestic pro- duction and $2,901,180.96 foreign bullion and coin ; and of worn and uncurrent silver coin, $6,913,179.96; old plate, etc., $753,426.46, and re- deposits, $869,534.06. The amount of silver purchased under the a;Ct of July 14, 1890, during the year was 54,008,162.59 fine ounces, costing $45,531,374.53, and the average price, $0.8430. The total amduut of silver purchased under the act of July 14, 1890, from August 13, 1890, to November 2, 1893, inclu- sive, was 168,674,590.46 fine ounces, costing $155, 930, 940. 84, the average price per ounce being $0.9244. Of the silver purchased under this act. consumed in the coinage during the year, there were 4,133,029.56 fine ounces, costing $3,784,417.64, and the number of silver dollars coined was $5,343, 715. The seigniorage on this coinage was $1,559,297.36. The coinage during the year consisted of 97,280,875 pieces, valued as follows : Gold $30,038,140.00 Silverdoiiars 5,343,715.00 Subsidiary silver , 7,217,220.90 Minor coins 1, 080, 102. 90 Total 43,085,178.80 EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 55 The total amount used in the coinage of silver dollars under the act of July 14, 1890, has been 27,911,259.48 fine ounces, costing 829,110,- 186.61. The total number of silver dollars coined was 36,087,285. The total seigniorage was $6,977,098.39, leaving a balance on hand at the mints of 140,699,760 fine ounces, costing $126,758,218. The total amount of silver purchased by the Government from March 1, 1873, has been as follows : Under Ihe act of 1873., Under the act of 1875. Under the act of 1 )78., Under the act of 1890., Under the act of 1887. Total Fine ounces. 5,434,282 31, G03, 906 291, 272, 018 168, 674, C82 *6, 018, 921 503, 003, 809 Cost. $7, 152, 564 37,.j71,11S 308, 279, 260 155,931,002 7,689,036 516, 623, 010 * Trade dollars. The price of silver July 1, 1892, was 88 cents, the highest price at- tained during the fiscal year. The closing price on June 30, 1893, was 65 cents, a difference of 23 cents per ounce. The average price for the year was 84 i cents. Late in June, India closing her mints to the coinage of silver, the price declined rapidly from 38id. to oOld., which was equal to a decline of 8U7., or about 17 cents. Imports and exports. The movement of gold for the fiscal year shows an excess of exports over imports of $86,897,275, while the excess for the fiscal year 1892 was only $142,654. The exports of silver exceeded the imports by $7,653,813, being an increase over the fiscal year 1892 in the net exx)orts of $2,617,985. Earninfis and exjfendltures. During the year the amount expended for the support of the Mint service aggregated $1,344,005.07, as against $1,500,494.03 for the fiscal year 1892. The total earnings of the mints and assay offices during the year were $2,765,869.86, showing a difference between the earnings and expenditures of $1,421,864.79. Frodiiciion of gold and silver in tJie United States. Dnring the calendar year 1892 the amount of the precious metals pro- duced in the United States was estimated to have been : Fine ounces. Commercial value. Coining value. Gold 1,590.375 58,000,000 S33, 000, 000 50,750,000 ■ sa3,ooo,ooo 74,989,900 Silver 56 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. The production of gold and silver in the world was estimated to Lave been : Gold $138,861,000 Silver *. 196,458,800 TheioorWs coinage. Information received as to the coinage of gold and silver by the vari- ous countries of the world for the calendar year 1892, shows the amount to have been: Gold §167,917,337 Silver 143,096,239 Metallic stock of money in the United States. The metallic stock of money in the United States, consisting of coin and bullion, on July 1, 1893, was estimated at $1,213,559,109, of which $597,097,685 was gold, and $015,801,481 silver. Use of gold and silver in the arts and manufactures. The value of the gold and silver used in the industrial arts in the United States during the last calendar year, based upon tbe best infor- mation obtainable, was approximately, gold, $10,016,408; silver, $9,- 100, 540. Of the gold $10, 588, 703 and of the silver $7,204, 210 were new bullion. PUBLIC MONEYS. The monetary transactions of the Government have been conducted through the Treasurer of the United States, nine subtreasury officers, and 105 national bank depositaries. The number of such depositaries on !N"ovember 1, 1893, was 153, and the amount of public moneys held by them on that date, including those to the credit of the Treasurer's gen- eral account and United States disl)ursing officers, was $15,457,331.04, a reduction since November 1, 1892, in number of deiiositaries of six, and in amount of holdings of $405,083.77. LOANS AND CURRENCY. The amount of United States interest-bearing bonds outstanding lias been increased $7,020 since iSTovember 1, 1892. This increase appears in the 4 per cent funded loan of 1907, and results from the issue of bonds on account of accrued interest on refunding certificates presented for redemption in such bonds as authorized by the act of Congress apijroved February 26, 1879. No jDurcbases of bonds were made during the twelve mouths ended November 1, 1893. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 57 The volume of money in the country outside of the United States Treasury has increased $112,404,947 during the same period, as shown by the following table : Blonerj outside ofiJte Treasury. Gold coin Standard silver dollars Subsidiary silver Goldeertiflcates Silver certificates Treasury notes, act July 14, 1890 United States notes Currency certificates, act June 8, 1S72. National bank notes Totals Total increase. Nov. 1.1S92. $411, Gl, C5, 120, 321, 111, 332, 10, 165, 2-52, 197 G72, 45.5 985, 408 255, 349 552, 532 5G7, 423 OSO, 234 5.50, too 224, 137 Nov. 1, 1893. S498, 58, G4, 78, 325, 150, 321, 22 197^ 121, G79 725, 818 300, S07 SS9, 309 717, 232 818, 5S2 S92, 028 •■325, 000 745, 227 Decrease. S2, 94G, G37 1, C75, GOl 41,306,040 10, 183, 206 1,608,139,735 | 1,718,544,682 56,170,484 Increase. S86, 869, 482 1, 164, 700 36,2.51,159 11,775,000 32, .52 1, 090 168,581,431 112,404,917 NATIONAL BANKS. The report of the Comptroller of the Currency gives comiDlete and detailed information as to the organization, condition, and management of all active and failed national banks during the year ended October 31, 1893. One hundred and nineteen banks, with an aggregate capital of $11,- 230,000, were organized during the year, 46 went into voluntary liqui- dation, and 05 became insolvent, leaving a net increase of 8 for the year. Of the new banks organized during the year, 44 are located in the Eastern States, 41 west of the Mississippi Elver, and 34 in the Central and Southern States. The total number of banks in operation October 31, 1893, was 3,79G, having an aggregate capital of $695,558,120, and surplus and undivided profits on October 3, 1893, of $339,153,447. The total amount of indi- vidual deposits was $1,451,124,330, total bank. deposits $349,315,077, and total resources, $3,109,563,284. One hundred and fifty- eight banks suspended during the year, having a capital stock of $30,300,000. Of this number, however, SQ, with a capital stock of $18,205,000, resumed business. The general policy was inaugurated of permitting a bank to resume where it had not been improperly conducted and was perfectly solvent, but had been com- pelled to close through lack of currency caused by withdrawals on the part of depositors. The result of this policy proved to be of great benefit in restoring confidence and in checking widespread disaster to the banks. The number that passed into the hands of receivers was 65, with a capital stock of $10, 885, 000. Seven still remain in the charge of national bank examiners with prospects of speedy resumption. 58 RErORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. A compaiisou of tlie ligures appearing iu the table sliowing the cou- clitiou of tlie banks at the five dates upon which reports were called for by the Comptroller exhibits iu the clearest light the effect of the financial stringency of the year. The aggregate resources or liabilities ou October 3, 1893, were $3,109,503,284, or $400,531,613 less than on September 30, 1802, when the aggregate resources or liabilities were $3,510,094,897, the highest point ever reached in the history of the system. This shrinliage is accounted for by the decrease iu the follow- ing items ol' liabilities : Capital stock, $8,032,677 ; individual deposits, $314,298,653, and bank and bankers' deposits, $181,338,125. "While national bank circulation secured by deposit of bonds increased $40,080,015 during the year ended October 31, 1893, $3,895,318 of that for which lawful money had been deposited was redeemed during the year, so that the net increase during the year amounted to $36,184,697. The gold held by the banks on October 3, 1893, the date of last re- port of condition of banks, as compared with the amount held Septem- ber 30, 1892, showed an increase of $8,410,815. The 1 iabilities of banks for all kinds of borrowed money, increased $54, - 404,628, and surplus and undivided profits, $9,701,265. The decrease in the items making up the resources are shown in loans and discounts, 8327,406,926 ; stocks, securities, etc., $5,965,564, and due from banks and bankers, $132, 054, 654, but cash of all kinds on hand increased $30, 968, 606, and the United Slates bonds held for all purposes, $40,601,250. Tt is to be noted that the great proportion of this shrinkage occurred between May 4 and October 3, 1893. The total assets o/ the banks suspending show a considerable excess over liabilities, but in some instances the assets of those which passed into the hands of receivers will fall below the liabilities, and there will therefore be a deficit in certain instances in dividends to creditors. The general stringency of the money market throughout the greater part of the year seriously affected collections of assets by receivers, and, therefore, the amount of dividends paid has not reached as high a jioiut as would have been the case under ordinary financial conditions. However, the general showing is, in view of all the cir- cumstances, very creditable. In two instances banks which passed into the hands of receivers, with a million capital each and large liabilities. Lave already paid 70 per cent and in several others 50 per cent. The number of insolvent banks placed on the inactive list during the year was 5, and the number whose affairs were closed and accounts settled was 4. * The Comptroller recommends — (1) That banks be allowed to issue circulating notes equal to the par value of bonds deposited to secure circulation. (2) That the tax on national-bank circulation be reduced to oue-fourtk of 1 iier cent. EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 59 (3) That the Comptroller of the Currency, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, he eiupowerecl to remove officers and direct- ors of a bank for violation of law on proper showing. ' (4) That no executive officer of a bank or employ^ thereof be permitted to borrow the funds of such bank, except upon application to and ap- proval of the board of directors. (5) That the assistant cashier, in the absence or inability of the cashier, be authorized to sign circulating notes. (G) That the law be amended by proper legislation to empower some class of j)ublic officers to administer the general oaths required by the provisions of the national-bank act. (7) That there be appointed by the Comptroller of the Currency, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, two supervising examiners, to be paid for out of the public funds, whose duty it shall be to assist examiners in any matters that may seem to the Comptroller requiring unusual supervision. (8) That the law fixing the compensation of bank examiners outside of reserve cities be so amended as to allow the Comptroller of the Cur- rency, with the api^roval of the Secretary of the Treasury, to fix such comiDensation in the same manner as that in which the compensation of examiners in reserve cities is now fixed. (9) That bank examiners be required to take an oath of office before entering upon the discharge of their duties, and to give bond in such amount and with such sureties as the Comptroller of the Currency luay require. In support of the various recommendations which are made the Comptroller submits certain suggestions calling the attention of Con- gress to the reasons why such amendments are pertinent and should receive attention. It is also suggested that some of these recommenda- tions have been made heretofore, but have not received attention on the part of Congress. Among other subjects which are discussed at leugtli in the report of the Comptroller is that of clearing-house loan certificates and the func- tions which they are designed to discharge, showing that they aroused simply to settle balances between banks belonging to the clearing-house association and do not circulate as money; also a general discussion of the i^rovisions of the statute upon the subject of lawful money reserves. The report contains the usual information in regard to State banks, which this year is more complete than ever before. 60 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. FOREIGN COMMERCE. The following table exhibits the foreign commerce of the United States for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893: Imports, exports, and tonnage movement. 1892. 1893. Imports: $309, 402, 804 4.57, 999, 058 8421,856 711 Free 444 544 211 Total 827, 402, 402 860, 400, 922 Gold 49, 099, 454 19, 955, OSG 21,174,381 23,193,252 Silver Exports: 1,015,732,011 14,546,137 831, 030, 785 16, 634, 409 Foreign Total 1, 030, 278, 148 847, 065, 194 Gold 50, 195, 327 32, 810, 559 103,680,844 40 737 319 Silver tons... do Tonnage: Entered Cleared 21,013,424 21,161,033 19,581,816 19,760,746 The prominent facts disclosed by these figures are that the values of imi^ortsof merchandise attained the highest point in the commercial his- tory of the country ; and that the exports of gold reached a higher figure than ever before in a single year since the foundation of the Govern- ment. In 1864 the exports of gold amounted to $100,061,634, and this has been the largest amount of such exports until the last year. In 1893 the net exiDorts of gold were less than the net exi)orts in 1864, being $87,506,463 as compared with $89,484,865 in 1864. The exports of 1864 were due to a pressure resulting from years of war and consequent de- rangement of commerce and industry, and to a general displacement of gold and silver from circulatiou by issues of bank and Government pax)er. An outward movement of gold of nearly the same amount, occur- ring in a time of i)eace and api^arently in defiance of commercial laws, will make the year 1893 memorable for this single fact in its financial and commercial exi)erience. It is true the country was better able to lose $87,500,000 in gold in 1893 than it was in 1864. An import and export trade of $1,714,066,000 is evidence of an economic standing and capacity, immeasurably superior to the situation which prevailed in 1864, when the trade of the country was $475,285,000, or only about one-fourth as great as ia 1893. There are other features worthy of mention. The imports as well as the exports of silver coin and bullion were greater in amount than is recorded in any one year in the history of the country. In 1873, which will be remembered as a year of panic and important monetary legis- lation, the exports of silver reached $39,751,859 — a point that had never been attained in previous years, and has never been exceeded or touched REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 61 in subsequent years until 1893, when the exports were $40,737,319. In 1890 the imports of silver touched the high level of $21,032,984 — a move- ment probably due to some extent to the anticipated legislation on silver. In 1893 the imports were $23,193,252, thus making a new record in the imiDorts of silver. The year 1893 also exhibited a further decline in the relative importance of the American merchant marine in the foreign carrying trade of the country. Low as was the percentage of imports and exports carried in American vessels in 1892, so low as to give foun- dation to a belief that no lower point could be reached, there was an actual decrease in 1893, and 12.2 per cent must be recorded as the lowest point our relative participation in this industry has yet touched. A number of circumstances combine to make the trade of the year 1893 an interesting study in the general courf-e of international com- merce. The previous two years were conspicuous on account of the enor- mous grain crop gathered in 1891 in the United States and a partial failure of the similar crop in European countries, thus giving this country a natural command over Euroi)ean markets. The i)revalence of good prices for these grain i)roducts reacted greatly in favor of the American farmer. An abnormally large cotton crop, coupled with an unusually low price, would seem to have discriminated against the cot- ton grower in favor of the cotton manufacturer. Exports were largely increased and imports favored, the result being that the export trade figures for 1892 were larger than have ever before been attained in the commercial experience of the country. The influence of such an excep- tional year was not confined to that period alone, but made itself felt in the succeeding year, with, however, constantly decreasing effect. CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION. I concur in reports made to me by officers of this Department that under the existing system of conducting the collection of the revenue from customs many unnecessary i)orts with more or less exx)ensive ma- chinery exist. A reference to the statement contained in the appendix hereto of the customs business for the last fiscal year will, in my opinion, show that economy and good administration would be promoted by confining the customs business in the interior to the commercial centers. Custom- houses should be maintained on the frontier and seaboard, but a proper discrimination in their location should be exercised. The present sys- tem was established many years ago when imx)ortations were by sail- ing vessels principally, but now that the imports on the seaboard are concentrated at a few ports there is no apparent necessity for the con- tinuance of many of the ports where business was formerly done, but at which there is now but little or no business transacted, as will be seen by the table referred to. It is true that section 253 of the Eevised Stat- utes authorizes the Secretary of the Treasiu^y to discontinue any port of b2 REPORT OF THE .SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. delivery where the revenue received docs not amouut to the sum of $10,000 per annum, but the authority contained in this sectiou has been heretofore exercised iu only a few instances, for the reason that it has not been considered safe, except in a few places, to dispense entirely with official supervision for the prevention of smuggling and other ofA-nses against the revenue laws. I am of the opinion that tlie service would be improved and the revenue collected with much less expense than at x>resent if the law should be so amended as to authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to reduce the number of customs districts whenever in his opinion the in- terests of the service demand, and authorizing him to station j)roper oflicers wherever the necessities of commerce may require, with the power to enter and clear vessels and to perform similar duties con- nected with the navigation service. It is believed that this would ma- terially diminish the expense of collecting the revenue, and at the same time secure as efhcient service as can be had under the existing system. A provision recognizing the wisdom of this policy, but applying only to internal-revenue districts, was embodied in the bill making appropria- tions for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Govern- ment for the year ended June 30, 1877, as will be seen by reference to Statutes at Large, Vol. 19, p. 152. I recommend the enactment of a law prohibiting any person from carrying on business as a custom-house broker or agent at the custom- house of any port of entry in the United States without a license from the collector or surveyor of the port, approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, Such license should be granted for the term of one year under such regulations as the Secretary may i^rescribe, and should be revokablc for any violation of the customs laws or regulations, but bona fide clerks and private employes of importers should be exempted from the requirements of the law. The act of April 25, 1890, respecting the World's Columbian Ex- position at Chicago, placed the special importation of merchandise for the sole purpose of exhibition at said Exposition "under such regula- tions as the Secretary of the Treasury" might prescribe. In view of tlie extraordinary character of the event and of the invitation extended by Congress to all nations to participate in it, and of the exemption from duties and charges of all merchandise imported for exhibition, it was considered jDroper, in conformity with the liberal intentions of Congress, to relieve such importations from many of the restrictions and formalities which arc required under the general laws. Special regula- tions were, therefore, established for securing expedition and security to all imported exhibits and to simplify the proceedings on entry so as to afford the utmost convenience and dispatch. The regulations thus established appear to have been efficient for the protection of the rev- enue and to have given entire satisfaction to the importers. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 63 The great influx of foreigu goods at the port of Chicago entailed ux)on the customs officers at that port a vast amount of labor and super- vision. The collector of the port, having estimated that an increase of his force would be indispensable, which, with other incidental expeuses, would call for an additional outlay of $250,000, my predecessor made application to Congress for a si)ecial appropriation of that amount, in addition to the regular allowance "for expenses of collecting the revenue from customs." Although the application was not successful, I deemed it my duty, in order to protect the revenue, to api^oint a sufficient force for the collector's assistance. The work of withdrawing exhibits for cousumj)tion or for transi)ortation and exxDortation is now in x)rogress, and it may be safely stated that the income from importations at the Exposition will considerably exceed the exxjeuse incurred for their cus- toms suxjervision. Under date of November 7, 1893, the collector of customs rex30rts: total receix^ts from duties to October 31, $478,514.50; total exxDcnditures, $140,043.80; excess of receix^ts over exxDenditures, $337,870,70. The receix^ts from duties will be largely increased by the removal of exhibits, while the exxDenditures will be gradually reduced. It is X5rox:)er to acknowledge in this rex^ort the efficiency of the customs service at the Exxjosition. The chief officer of the x^ort and his assist- ants have shown x)raiseworthy skill and fidelity in the discharge of their difficult duties. Ex]}enses of collecting the revenue from customs. The act of March 3, 1871, x^rovides an annual ax^x^rox^riatiou for col- lecting the revenue from customs of $5,500,000 "in additional to such sums as maj^be received from fines, x>enalties, and forfeitures connected with the customs, and from fees x^aid into the Treasury by customs officers, and from storage, cartnge, drayage, labor, and service:^." For the fiscal year 1871 these fines, x^enalties, forfeitures, etc., amounted to $1,948,055.24. By the abolishment of many of the fees since that date these miscellaneous receix)ts have greatly diminished, and for the last fiscal year they only amounted to $747,307.98. It will thus be seen that the regular ax)X5rox)riation for collecting the customs revenue for the last fiscal year was $1,200,747.20 less than the sum available for the fiscal year 1871, and a deficiency ax)X^i'OXH'iation of $500,000 was made to meet theexx^euses of the x)ast year. Since the act of March 3, 1871, was x^assed the customs business has largely increased, not only by the growth of business at the XH'incipal X^orts but by the establishment of new x)orts and customs districts. The sum available for collecting the revenue from customs is always uncer- tain, and is insufficient to cover the absolute needs of the service. The Department is, therefore, very frequently comx^elled to refuse exx3en- ditures necessary to insure the x)i'OX)er enforcement of the revenue laws. I therefore recommend that at least seven millions be axjprox^riated aunuall}^ for this x>urx50se, and that the miscellaneous reccii)ts now credited to this axiX^i"OX)i'iation be covered into the Treasury. 64 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. INTERNAL REVENUE. The receipts from the several objects of taxation uuder the internal- revenue laws for the fiscal years ended June 30, 1892 and 1893, are as follows: Objects of taxation. Distilled spirits Manufaotiiiod tobacco Fermented liquors Oleomargarine Miscellaneous collections . Total . Fiscal year ended June 30- 1892. $91,309,983.65 31,000,49.3.07 30, 037, 4.52. 77 1, 2GG, 326. 00 213, 288. 86 153, 8.57, 544. 35 1893. 894,720,260.55 31,889,711.74 32,548,983.07 1, 070, 643. 50 175,390.81 Increase. 83,410,276.90 889,218.67 2,511,530.30 404,317.50 Decrease. S67, 898. 05 161,004,989.67 7,117,445.32 The receipts from all sources of internal revenue for the fiscal year endiug June 30, 1893, were $161, 004, 989. 67 The receipts from the same sources for fiscal year ended June 30, 1892, Tvere 153,857,544.35 ilaking an increase in the receipts for the fiscal year just ended of. 7, 147, 445. 32 The total cost of collection for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, -was.. The total cost of collection for the fiscal year euded June 30, 1892, -R-as.. Decreased cost of collections for the fiscal year euded Juue 30, 1893, was 4, 219, 769. 69 4, 315, 040. 26 95, 276. 57 The amounts herein stated are the receipts actually collected during the fiscal years mentioned, but in many cases the money collected on the last day of June is not deposited until the first day of July, thus causing a discrepancy between the collections and deposits. A detailed statement of the receipts and expenditures will be found in the report of the Commissioner of Internal Eevenue. It is estimated that the receipts from all sources of internal revenue for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1894, will aggregate $150,000,000. The percentage of cost of collection for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, was 2.62 per cent, as against 2.80 x)er cent for the fiscal year euded Juue 30, 1892. The total production of distilled spirits, exclusive of fruit brandies, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, was 128,651,782 taxable gallons ; the total production for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1892, was 111,709,041 gallons, making an increase in the i)roduction of distilled spirits for the fiscal year just ended of 13,882,741 gallons. There were also produced during the fiscal j'car ended June 30, 1893, 601,869 gallons of apple brandy, 57,589 gallons of peach brandy, and 1,699,090 gallons of grape brandy, making a total production of 2,358,548 gallons of brandy from fruits during the fiscal year ended Juue 30, 1893. A further comparison of the two fiscal years shows a decrease of 708,568 gallons in the production of ai)ple brandy, a de- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 65 crease of 41,809 gallons in the production of iDeach brandy, and a decrease of 558,540 gallons of grape brandy for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, an aggregate decrease of 1,308,917 gallons of brandy produced from fruits as comi^ared with the iDrevious fiscal year. The quantity of distilled spirits gauged for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, was 311,821,533 gallons; the quantity gauged for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1892, was 352,728,202 gallons, making a decrease in the quantity of spirits gauged for the fiscal year just ended of 40,906,669 gallons. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, 4, 745 distilleries of all kinds were operated; for the x)recediug fiscal year 5,925 distilleries of all kinds were ©iterated, a comx)arison showing a decrease of 1,180 in the number of distilleries operated for the fiscal year just ended. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, there were produced 34,591,179 barrels of beer; the number of barrels iDroduced during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1892, was 31,856,626, making an increased production for the fiscal year just ended of 2,734,553 barrels. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, the total receipts from the taxes on tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, snuff, etc. , were $31,889, 711. 74. The receipts from the same sources for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1892, were $31,000,493.07, showing an increase of $889,218.67 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893. Sugar hounty. Total bounty paid upon sugar produced in the United states for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, was $9,375,130.88 ; the bounty paid upon sugar for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1892, was $7,342,077.79, making an increase of $2,033,053.09 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893. Expenses relating exclusively to the payment of iJie oounty on svgar for Uie fiscal year ended June 30, 1893. Additional deputies, clerks, and employes §97, 890. 33 Laboratory supplies, etc 1^ og5_ qi Sugar inspectors 30,260.93 Salaries of clerks, etc. , in the office of Commissioner of Internal Revenue. ... 9, 170. 00 Total 138,586.27 The expenses for the same purpose in the fiscal year ended June 30, 1892, were $147,831.61, making a decrease of $9,245.34 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893. I respectfully call attention to the various recommendations contained in the report of the Commissioner of Internal Eevenue, and ask their favorable consideration by Congress. Ab. 93 5 G6 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. ENGRAVING AND PRINTING. One of the most pressing needs of this Bureau is additional room for tlic performance of its work, wliicli has increased enormously since the original building in ^Yhich it is located was designed in 1878. In that year the total number of sheets produced was 13,098,756, while in 1893 the number produced was 48,853,528, or an increase very nearly fourfold. Many of the employes required to execute this very large increase have been obliged to work in the cellar and other unsuitable i^.laces, and they have been greatly overcrowded in other i^arts of the building. I am informed that tliis has resulted in a condition of affairs that would not be tolerated in manufacturing establishments by many of tlie States. The best woik can not reasonably be expected from such conditions. The remedy is for Congress to provide for the comx)letion of the out- building of the Bureau, in which many of the processes now carried on in the main building can be conducted, and for an enlargement of the central projection of the building, plans for both of which have been in-epared and estimates of the cost of which will be submitted to Con- gress. The com|)letion of the outbuilding would also i)rovidc for the proper accommodation of branches of the v.'ork that are now performed in temporary wooden sheds, and for the storage of valuable material. I earnesth" urge upon Congress the appropriation of the necessary monej'^ for this woi-k. At present this Bureau executes all of the work of engraving and printing required by the Treasury Department and much of that re- quired by the other Departments of the Government. The most consid- erable work of this kind now executed outside of the Bureau is the postage stamps and postal notes rrescribed by the statute. I recommend, as suggested by the Superintendent of Im- migration in his report to the Department, that Congress will at an early date carefully revise and reenact the laws upon the subject, making them more certain, explicit, and comprehensive, and giving additional remedies to insure the enforcement thereof. Chinese exclusion. Much difficulty has been experienced by officers charged with the duty of assisting in the enforcement of the Chinese exclusion laws by reason of certain i)ractices resorted to by Chinese persons of the cooly class. Our laws require all Chinese of the exempt class, as a condition-prece- dent to landing, to submit to collectors of customs at the ports of first arrival certificates from the Chinese Government, or from such other Government as they may be citizens or subjects of, setting forth cer- tain si^eeified facts. The minister of China at this capital has noti- fied our Government that consuls of China stationed in other coun- tries have been authorized to issue certificates of the character referred to. Most, if uot all, of the certificates thus far presented by Chinese seeking admission here have been issued by the Chinese consul at Ha- vana. By permission of our Government Chinese laborers claiming to be destined for Havana, and who arrive at San Francisco, are permitted to i)ass through our territory en route. It has been ascertained that many such laborers subsequently claim and obtain admission to the United States as merchants, and in sux)port of such claim they present certifi- cates issued by the Chinese consul at Havana and vised by the United States consul at that place. It is not, of course, sui)posed that the Chinese or the American con- suls intentionally aid in the violation of our laws, but there can be no doubt that many laborers have been admitted on merchants' certificates, obtained through misrepresentation and, probably, the corrupt use of money. Once lauded, our officers have found it difficult and fre- quently impossible to secure the conviction and deportation of the holders of such fraudulent certificates, and I am of opinion that so long as our laws prohibit the landing of Chinese laborers, the privilege of passing through our territory can not be safely granted, and it should at once be revoked. If this privilege is continued, it will be impossible to secure an efficient execution of the laws passed by Congress for the ex- clusion of Chinese laborers. EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 69 By the terms of a joint resolution of Congress approved August 5, 1892, tlie la^'S prohibiting the coming of Chinese persons into the United States were i^ractically suspended so far as to permit exhibitors at the World's Columbian Exposition 'and their emx)loyes to enter the United States without other requirement than evidence that they were bona fide exhibitors or employes whose services were required by exhibitors at the Exposition. Under this authority nearly 500 Chinese persons, rep- resented to be actors andemi)loyes of firms holding concessions from the World's Columbian Exposition, were admitted at San Francisco. No provision was made in the law for the return of these persons, who are entitled to remain one year after the close of the Exposition. From inquiries made by officers of this Department it appears that a major- ity of the Chinese persons so admitted have not attended as exhib- itors or employes at the World's Fair, and those who did so attend have been discharged by the exhibiting company which brought them here, and the present whereabouts of all of them are unknown. Many if not all of the Chinese so admitted will remain in the United States, and it will be very difficult and jjrobably impossible to identify them as persons unlawfully within the country. The act approved September 1, 1893, relating to the California Mid- winter International Exposition, specifically extends to that Exi)osition the provisions of the resolution above referred to relating to Chinese, and it follows, therefore, that there is great danger of the introduction of numbers of Chinese laborers under the guise of actors, exhibitors, etc. It is therefore suggested that supplementary legislation is required under which the Secretary of the Treasury may exact bonds from the persons holding concessions providing for the return of Chinese admitted as l^articipants in the Exposition. TELE MAEINE- HOSPITAL SERVICE. The report of the Supervising Surgeon- General of the Marine-Hospital Service shows that during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, the total number of cases treated was 53, 317, of which number 14,857 were treated in hospital, the remainder being office or dispensary patients. There were 1,353 pilots examined for color blindness, of which number 48 were rejected. One thousand and ninety- five surfmen and keepers of the Life Saving Service were examined, of which number 41 were re- jected for physical causes. Two hundred and seventy-nine seamen of the merchant marine were examined before shii)ment as to their physical fitness, and 22 were rejected. The balance of funds available at the commencement of the fiscal j^ear was $139,199.34, and the receipts from all sources during the year (ton- nage tax and repayments for care and treatment of foreign seamen), were $554,200.80. The expenditures were $586,238.02, leaving a bal- ance on hand at the close of the fiscal year of $107,162.18. The balance of the appropriation for the i^revention of eijidemic diseases, available June 30, 1893, was $925,965.45. 70 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. The Surgeon- General reports that the marine hospital at Port Town- f^ond was destroyed bj' fire September 9, 1893, without the loss of life. The building was of little value, and will be replaced by a new one, foi which appropriation was made by the hist Congress, and for which plans have been prepared. The other eighteen liospitals of the service are reportctl as being in good condition. Followinu- tlie threatened inroad of cholera into the United States during the summer and fall of 1892, and in view of the certain revival with increased severity of cholera in Europe in the following spring and summer, Congress enacted the law entitled "An act granting additional quarantine powers, and imposing additional duties, upon the Marine- Hospital Service, ' ' approved February 15, 1893. In accordance with the terras of this act ciuarantine rules and regulations were made and pix)mul- gated both with regard to foreign and domestic ports, and for the pur- pose of enforcing the Treasury Eegulatious abroad, medical officers of the Marine-Hospital Service were detailed to serve in the ports of London, Liverpool, Southampton, Glasgow, Hamburg, Bremen, Antwerp, Havre, Marseilles, Genoa, and jSTaples. Great care was exercised in enforcing tliese regulations to interfere as little as possible with commerce, and a distinct benelit to commerce was demonstrated by the decrease in the number of days of detention imposed on vessels on arrival at American ports. As anticipated, cholera became widespread throughout Europe during the summer and fall just past, the disease ax)peariug at nearly all the continental ports where officers were stationed, assuming in sev- eral, namely, Isaples, Leghorn, and Antweri?, the proportions of an epidemic, besides prevailing in epidemic form in the interior of Eussia, Austria, Italy, and France. It is believed that never before was this disease prevalent at one time in so many different localities throughout Europe, and the danger of its conveyance to the United States w-as much greater than if it had been limited to a few ports, even though it had raged in the latter in more violently epidemic form. To the care exercised by the medical officers attaclicd to the various consulates and by the consular service abroad may be i:)roi)erly ascribed the almost total exclusion of cholera from the shores of the United States. The rules for the government of domestic quarantine include a gen- eral supervision of the local quarantines by the Marine- Hosintal Service, and in conformity therewith inspections have been made from time to time of the various State and local quarantines, and at one port, namely, Brunswick, Ga., where it was found that the regulations made by the Treasury Department were not being fully complied with in accord- ance with the act of Congress, an officer of the Manne-Hospital Service was detailed by the President to assume charge of the quaran- tine. At the quarantine for the port of Kew York an inspector of the Marine-Hospital Service has been detailed to observe the enforcement of the regulations of the Trcasirry Dei^artment, his services also being EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 71 valuable in observiug, tliiougli exaonnation of the bills of iiealtb, and otlicr sLip's papers. Ibe cbaracter of tlie work performed by the medi- cal ofticers detailed in foreign ports. The quarantine service of the Marine-Hospital Bureau during the past season has included the prei^aration and enforcement of the regulations to be observed at foreign ports, the regulations to be ob- served by ships at sea, the regulations to be observed by State and local quarantines of the United States, and the conduct of the nine national quarantine stations, extending from Sandy Hook, on the Atlantic coast, to Port Townsend, Wash., on the Pacific. These stations within the past year have been perfected and placed in a condition of great efficiencj'. At Camp Low, Sandy Hook, N. J., the station has been fitted ux) with comiDlete steam disinfecting apijaratus, bathhouses, and all necessary ai:>pliances for the pro]Der care of a thousand immigrants held under suspicion. The station at Dehiware Breakwater, at the mouth of the Delaware Bay, has been x^laced in like condition, and at the junction of the Delaware Bay and Eiver a pier has been erected, to which the largest vessels may be moored for disinfection, which can not bo done at the Breakwater on account of its exT)osed situation. On this pier, at Eeedy Island, have been placed the most modern steam disinfecting chambers, sulphur blast furnace, tanks for disinfect- ing solutions, composing a complete plant for the rapid and thorough disinfection of an infected vessel. With this plant at Eeedy Island and the accommodation for immigrants near the Delaware Breakwater, an efficient quarantine guard has been established for the city of Phila- delphia and the other cities on the Delaware Eiver and Bay. The remaining quarantines are at the entrance of the Chesapeake Bay ; at Blackbeard Island, off the coast of Georgia ; at the Dry Tortugas, oft the coast of Florida ; Chandeleur Islands, in the Gulf of Mexico ; San Diego, Cal.; Angel Island, San Francisco, Cal.; and Port Townseud, Wash. The quarantine station at Brunswick, Ga., formerly a local quarantine, will require a new location. The quarantine station at Chandeleur Islands, in the Gulf of Mexico, was destroyed by storm Octo- ber 3, 1893. This station from its inception has been of invaluable aid to commerce and to the cities on the Gulf coast. Its reestablish- ment at some new site is earnestly recommended. To protect the United States from the invasion of cholera through Canada, the Canadian quarantine authorities, through the solicitation of the Surgeon-General of the Marine -Hospital Service, agreed, with the acquiescence of their government, to disinfect the baggage of all immi- grants at Quebec, and to permit the presence of two medical officers of the Marine-Hospital Service to certify to such disinfection for the benefit of the State and local quarantine officers in the several States to which the immigrants might pass from Canada, This disinfection has been faithfully carried on during the whole season, and has added no little to the security of the United States. 72 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. On June 27 it was reported there had been a case of yellow fever at Conquest's Camp on the Satilla River. An officer of the Marine Hospital Service was immediately sent to this point, and took the most thorough and successful measures for preventing any further outbreak of the fever. It was ascertained that this patient had, previous to going to Conquest's Camj), taken his vessel, the Aniia Bericind, to Brunswick, and an inves- tigation showed that the quarantine regulations of the Department were only in part being enforced at the Brunsv»dck quarantine. Accordingly, as before stated, the Government assumed charge of this quarantine and assigned a medical officer in charge. This officer himself contracted the yellow fever, as now believed, in Brunswick, for during his short period of service at the quarantine station he inspected no infected vessel and was exposed to no case of yellow fever. Moreover, investigation has proved that the city was probably infected before his detail. Other cases develoiDcd at points unconnected with the first case or with each other. Thorough disinfection, not only of the rooms and houses where the first cases appeared, but of suspected areas, was carried on, but with- out avail, and subsequent events have shown that the city was infected in a number of independent places. Sanitary cordons were established by the Marine- Hospital Service, and a detention camj) provided for the benefit of those desiring to leave the infected territory. There was no development of the disease outside of the sanitary cordons. During the period of the epidemic in Brunswick, to November 23, 1893, at which date it was practically extinct, there were 1,001 cases and 53 deaths. Rules, to be observed for preventing the spread of the disease from one section of the country to another, have been promulgated by this Depart- ment. On August 29 a case of cholera M'as reported in Jersey City, and immediately the Government assumed a supervisory charge over the X)reventive measures to i^revent the spread of the disease. The origin of this case has not been officially determined, but there were no subse- quent cases. Relief for the sea islands of South Carolina. After the violent storm of August 27, the attention of the Depart- ment was called to the unsanitary condition of the sea islands off the coast of South Carolina, by reason of the unburied bodies of men and animals, the pollution of the wells and obstruction of the drains caused by this storm, and a direct appeal was made for assistance. On approval of the President a limited amount was set aside from the epi- demic fund for carrying out measures necessary to prevent the out- break and spread of ei^idemic disease, and an officer of the Marine-Hos- I)ital Service was detailed to visit the stricken islands, superintend the clearing of the wells, the burying of dead animals, and treatment of the sick. This work, purely of a sanitary nature, is to be supplemented by the efforts of the Red Cross Society in relieving the physical necessi- ties of the peoi)le. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 73 In additiou to tlie foregoing, tlie Marine-Hosx)ital Service, in accord- ance with tlie law, lias publislied each week an Abstract of Sanitary- Reports, both from its medical officers abroad and from the United States consuls, and also information concerning the health of the various parts of the United States ; these abstracts being sent j)rincipally to the leading sanitarians and health officers of the United States and others interested in this subject. REVENUE CUTTER SERVICE. The performance of the regular duties of this service has continued in a faithful and efficient manner. Thirty-four vessels have been in commission, carrying a complement of 222 officers and 762 men. The following is a statistical statement of the duties jDerformed : Aggregate number of miles cruised by vessels of the service 305, 807 Number of merchant vessels boarded and examined 30, 502 Number of mercbant vessels found violating the law in some particular and seized or reported to proper authorities 675 Fines or penalties of vessels so seized or reported §160, 814. 10 Number of vessels in distress assisted ' 119 Value of vessels and their cargoes imperiled by the sea thus assisted $2, 838, 250 Number of i^ersons on board vessels assisted 945 Number of persons taken out of the water and saved from drowning 29 The expense of conducting the service has been $920,342.89, of which sum $21,941.81 were used in enforcing the provisions of the act of Con- gress a])proved May 16, 1888, regulating the anchorage of vessels in the bay and harbor of New York. One new vessel of the third-class (steamer Hudson) has been comj)leted during the year, placed in commission, and assigned to duty at the port of New York, and one vessel of the third class, the Tench Coxe, has been examined and found not worth repairing, and is recommended to be sold. Iifew vessels. A number of new vessels are urgently needed for the proper main- tenance of this service, viz : One cruising cutter of the first class on the Nev/ England coast, two on the Great Lakes, two on the Pacific coast, and a small steam vessel for boarding purposes at San Francisco ; and the necessity for these new vessels is annually increasing. Many of the vessels are old and nearly worn out, the exi^ense of keeping them in repair increases with their age, and the duties required of them con- stantly increasing can not be as efficiently performed as with abler vessels. The command of the fleet, composed of four vessels of the Navy, viz, MoJdcan, Petrel, Banger, and Albatross, and revenue steamers Bnsh, Corwin, and Bear, designated by the President for i)atroliug the Bering Sea and waters of Alaska Territory for the protection of the Seal Islands and the enforcement of the provisions of the rdodus vivcndi with Great 74 REPOliT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Britain, devolved upon Commaudcr Nicoll Ludlow, U. S. Navy. That duty lias been efficiently performed, and no vessels are reported as having entered or attempted to enter the Bering Sea in violation of the provisions of the convention. From March 20 to April 18 the revenue steamer RnsJu Capt. C. L. Hooper, commanding, was engaged in making a special crnise to Hono- luln, Sandwich Islands, in the interest of the Department of State, for the i")urpose of conveying SiDoeial Commissioner Blonnt and party to those islands. This cruise, covering a distance of 5.155 miles, was successfully accomplished. IJx)on her return to San Francisco, April 18, she was assigned to duty with the Bering Sea fleet. On July 2, a short distance north of Ohirikoff Island, Alaska, the commanding officer of the Bush seized the American schooners St. Paul and Alexander for violation of section 195G, Revised Statutes, and deliv- ered them into the custody of the United States district court at Sitka for trial. On September 28 the Bush returned to San Francisco, having cruised 12,611 miles on patrol duty in Bering Sea. '■ Corwin.^' The steamer Corwm, Capt, F. M. Munger, commanding, was assigned to duty with the Bering Sea fleet April 22, and was thus engaged until October 3, when she returned to San Francisco, having cruised a dis- tance of 10,399 miles on this duty. ''Bear.'' The revenue steamer Bear, Capt. M. A. Healy, commanding, sailed from San Francisco May 2 on her annual cruise to the Bering Sea and x^rctic Ocean. She visited the Seal Islands en route north, inspected the refuge station at Point Barrow, and delivered the supj^lies neces- sary for the maintenance of the station for the-ensuing year, and assisted a number of whaling vessels in those waters. By request of the Hon- orable the Secretary of the Interior the Bear made several trips to the coast of Siberia and transported to Port Clarence in all 127 domesti- cated reindeer, in furtherance of the enterprise of introducing them into the Territorj'^ for the benefit and eventually for tlic maintenance of the natives of Alaska. This enterprise is under the general supervision of the commissioner of education for Alaska. To August 31 the Bear had cruised G,5S4 miles in Alaskan waters, and will remain as a guard in the vicinity of the Seal Islands until November 15 next, after which date there will be no danger of poachers raiding the seal rookeries on the islands. "Berrij.'' On August 19, at Erie, Pa., the officers and crew of the revenue steamer Berry succeeded in preventing the destruction by fire of a large EErORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 75 amoiiut of proi^erty on shore near where that vessel was lying, and also the destrnctiou of the steamers 3Iijstic, F. W. Bacon, and Eric, and the schooner FIoio Boy, by keepiug them clear of theburuiug steamer Annie Laurie. ^^ Johnson. ^^ October 28, at Milwaukee, Wis., the officers and crew of the steamer Johnson rendered efficient and at times hazardous service iu their en- deavors to extinguish a fire which, proved verj^ disastrous to that city. The steamer Bonlwell^ at Savannah, Ga., rendered efficient aid in car- rying supplies and relieving the distress of suff"erers from the hurricane which swept the coasts of South Carolina and Georgia August 27 and 28, which service elicited the thnnks of the Citizens' Belief Committee. ThQ^tQ^rnQT Seward, on Mississippi Sound, rendered similar service to the people of that locality immediately after the hurricane of October 1 and 2. The officer charged with the enforcement of the act of Congress approved May 16, 1888, regulating the anchorage of vessels in the bay and harbor of New York, reports having found 755 vessels anchored in violation of the regulations, and ordered their removal. Some of these complied at once on being notified, but it was found necessary to use the force of the i>atrol steamer Manhallan in many cases, and 297 vessels were thus assisted by being moved from the channel ways to a proper ancliorage. Material assistance has been given to the Life-Saviug Service as cus- tomary by the revenue cutters. Boats, stores, and supx)lies have been transiDorted and delivered, and a distance of 6,454 miles cruised for this l^urpose alone. The revenue cutters stationed at the ports on the Atlantic and Gulf co.'ists have cooperated with, and rendered valuable assistance to, the Marine-Hospital Service in i^reventing the importation and spread of epidemic diseases. NAVIGATION. The annual report of the Commissioner of Navigation states that the documented tonnage, by grand divisions of the country, is as follows : Toial tonnage. Grand tlivisiotis. iSCl3. AUaiilic and Gulf coasts Ko. 17,913 3, 701 1,2Sressing financial emergency would, in my opinion, justify the issue and sale of any of these classes of bonds. On the first class the interest would amount, at the maturity of the bonds, to one-half the principal ; on the second class it would amount to more than two-thirds of the principal, and on the third class it would exceed the principal by 20 per cent. If any one of these methods of raising money were now presented as an original measure for consideration in Congress, I am satisfied it would not receive the apin-oval of that body or of the people. Whatever may have been their merits nearly a quar- ter of a century ago, when the credit of the Government was to a certain extent impaired by the existence of a large interest-bearing public debt and the general use of a depreciated paper currency, not then redeemable in any kind of coin, our financial standing is now so high that our public obligations, bearing any of the rates of interest authorized by the law re- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 93 ferred to, would liave to be sold at a premium so great as to prevent large classes of our people, who might otherwise invest in them, from becoming purchasers. The United States 4 -per cent bonds, payable in 1907, are now selling at a rate which yields investors less than 3 per cent upon their cost, and I am confident that a bond, bearing interest at the rate of 3 per cent, payable quarterly, and redeemable at the option of the Gov- ernment after five years, could be readily sold at par in our own country. If the authority now existing should be so modified as to empower the Secretary of the Treasury to issue the bonds in denominations or sums of twentj'-five dollars and its multii^les, they could be readily disposed of through the subtreasuries and post-offices without the agency or inter- vention of banks or other financial institutions and without the payment of commissions. Such bonds would afford to the people at large an opportunity to convert their surplus earnings into a form of security, which, while it would be perfectly safe, would not only increase in value by reason of accumulating interest, but be at all times available as a means of j)rocuring money when needed ; and the experience of this and other countries justifies the confident belief that such a i^lan would be popular and successful. In case Congress should not consider it advisable to authorize the Secretary to use, for the puriiose of supplying deficiencies in the reve- nues, any part of the x^roceeds of the bonds herein suggested, I recom- mend that he be empowered to execute from time to time, as may be necessary, the obligations of the Government, not exceeding in the aggregate fifty million dollars, bearing a rate of interest not greater than 3 per cent and payable after one year from date, and that he be permitted to sell them at not less than i)ar, or use them at not less than par, in the payment of public expenses to such creditors as may be willing to receive them. The condition of the Treasurv is such that unless some available means are i^romptly provided bylaw for supplying the growing deficieucj', the iiublic service will be seriously impaired and l)ensiouers and other creditors subjected to great delay and inconveni- ence. Congress alone has the power to adopt such measures as will relieve the present situation and enable the Treasury to continue the punctual payment of all legitimate demands upon it, and I respectfully but earnestly urge that immediate attention be given to the subject. The necessity for the extension of the i^ower of the Secretary to i^ro- cure and maintain a larger reserve for the redemption of United States currency must, I think, be evident to everyone who has given serious thought to the subject. At the date of the resumiition of specie pay- ments, January 1, 1879, the only form of currency, except coin certifi- cates, which the Government was required or authorized by law to redeem in coin on presentation, was the old legal-tender notes, then and now amounting to $340,681,016, and it was considered by the Secretary of the Treasury that a coin reserve of a hundred million dollars would constitute a sufficient basis for the maintenance of that amount of cur- 94 llEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. reucy at par. The correctness of tliis conclusion was shown by the fact that, so long as there was no material increase in the volume of i^aper re- deemable by the Government, the reserve remained unimpaired and no serious disturbances occurred in our monetary system ; but under the act of July 14, 1800, additional Treasury notes have been issued to the amount of 6155,030,910, of which there are now outstanding $153,318,224, thus making the direct Government obligations in use as currency amount to the sum of $499,900,240, all of which the Secretary of the Treasury is now required by law to redeem in coin on presentation. Besides this, there have been coined under authority of law $410,332,550 in legal- tender silver, upon which certificates have been issued to the amount of $334,138,504 ; and as Congress, in the act of July 14, 1890, declared it to be "the established policy of the United States to maintain the two metals on a parity with each other upon the present legal ratio, or such ratio as may be provided bylaw," an additional reason now exists for conferring upon the Secretary unquestionable authority to provide for such contingencies as may arise. Under these circumstances it is, in my opinion, necessary not only that he should be clotlied with full autliority to i^rocure and maintain an ample reserve in coin, but that the jjurposes for which such reserve is to be held and used should be made as comprehensive as the duty im- posed upon him by the law. The existence of such authority in a con- stantly available form would of itself inspire such confidence in the security and stability of our currency that its actual exercise might never become necessary ; but the futility of declaring a sx)ecific policy and withholdiug the means which may become necessary for its execu- tion is too apparent to require comment. Largely on account of appre- hensions as to the ability of the Government under the legislation then existing to continue the current redemption of its notes in coin and maintain the parity of the tvro metals, the shipments of gold from this country during the fiscal year 1893 reached, as already stated in this report, the unprecedented amount of $108,680,844, nearly all of which was withdrawn from the public Treasuiy by the i)resentation of notes for redemi)tion. During the three months next i)receding the 7th day of March, 1893, when a change occurred in the administration of the Treasury Department, the withdrawals of gold from the Treasury for export amounted to 634,146,000, and during the eight months which have elai^sed since that time such withdrawals have amounted to $36, - 259,650, or $2,113,650 more than dimng the preceding period of three mouths. The amount of free gold in the Treasury on the 7th day of March, 1893, was $100,982,410, or $982,410 in excess of the lawful reserve ; but by making exchanges of currency for gold with the banks in different X)arts of the country the amount was increased to $107,462,682 on the 25th of that month. Notwithstanding the most strenuous efforts by the De- l)artment to maintain the hundred million dollar reserve intact, the pre- sentation of notes for redemption to procure gold for shijjment abroad REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 95 continued to such au extent that on the 22d. day of April, for the first time since the fund was established, it became necessary to use a part of it, and it was reduced to $95,432,357; but it was aftervrards increased by exchanges of currency for gold, so that on the 10th day of August it had been fully restored, and there was on hand $103,683,290 in free gold. By October 19, however, it had been diminished by redemptions of cur- rency and otherwise to the sum of iSl, 551, 385, which is the lowest point it has ever reached. So loug as the Government continues the unwise policy of keeping its own notes outstanding to circulate as currency, and undertakes to provide for their redemption in coin on presentation, it will be, in my opinion, essential for the Secretary of the Treasury to possess the means, or to have the clear and undoubted authority to secure the means, which may from time to time become necessary to enable him to meet such • emergencies as the one which has recently occurred in our financial af- faii'S. Under existing legislation the Treasury Departm ent exercises to a larger extent than all the other financial institutions of the country combined the functions of a bank of issue, and while the credit of the Government is so strong that it may not be necessary to maintain at all times the actual coin reserve which experience has shown to be requisite in the case of ordinary banking companies, still it would be manifestly imprudent, to say the least, not to adopt such precautionary measures as would enable the Government in times of unusual monetary disturb- ance to keep its faith with the people who hold its notes and coins by protecting them against the disastrous effects of an irredeemable and depreciated currency. "Wliiie the laws have imposed upon the Treasury Department all the duties and responsibilities of a bank of issue, and to a certain extent the functions of a bank of deposit, they have not conferred u^jon the Secre- tary any part of the discretionary powers usually possessed by the executive heads of institutions engaged in conducting this character of financial business. He is bound by mandatory or prohibitory provisions in the statutes to do or not do certain things, without regard to the circumstances which may exist at the time he is required to act, and thus he is allowed no opi^ortunity to take advantage of changes in the situation favorable to the interests of the Government, or to protect its interests from injury when threatened by adverse events or influences. He can neither negotiate temporary loans to meet casual deficiencies nor retire and cancel the notes of the Government without substituting other currency for them when the revenues are redundant or the circula- tion excessiA'-e, nor can he resort, except to a very limited extent, to any of the exijedients which in his j udgment may be absolutely necessary to prevent injurious disturbances of the financial situation. These con- siderations emphasize the necessity for such legislation as will make the Department more independent of speculative interests and operations and enable it to maintain the credit of the Government upon a sound and secure basis. 9G REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Whatever objections may be urged against the maintenance of a large coin reserve, i3rocurecl by the sale of interest-bearing bonds, it must be evident that this course can not be safely avoided unless the Govern- ment abandons the policy of issuing its own notes for circulation and limits the functions of the Treasury Dex)artment to the collection and disbursement of the public revenues for i)urely public purposes, and to the performance of such other administrative duties as may be appro- priate to the character of its organization as a branch of the executive authority. To the extent that it is required by law to receive money on deposit, and repay it, or to issue notes and redeem them on demand, it is engaged in a business which can not be conducted without having at all times the ability to comply promptly with its obligations. Its operations necessarily affect, beneficiallj^ or otherwise, the private financial affairs of all the people, and they have a right to be assured by approi^riaite legislation that their confidence in the integrity and power of the Government has not been misplaced. CUREBNCY LEGISLATION. The recent repeal of so much of the act of July 14, 1890, as required the Secretary of the Treasury to purchase silver bullion and issue Treasury notes in payment for it, makes sach a radical change in the policy of the Government respecting the currency of the country that, until its effects are more fully developed, I do not consider it advisable to recommend further specific legislation upon that subject. As already shown in this report, the amount of money in the country, outside of the Treasury, on the first day of Decejuber, 1893, was $112,401,947 greater than the amount outstanding on the first day of November, 1892. This vast increase in the volume of outstanding cur- rency, notwithstanding the enormous exports of gold during the year, is the result of several causes, among which may be mentioned the issue of Treasury notes for the purchase of silver bullion, the excess of public expenditures over receii)ts, the additional circulation called for by the national banks during the late financial stringency, and the large im- ports of gold, which amounted during tlie months of July, August, September, and October, 1893, to the sum of $55,785,526. That the amount of money in the country is greater than is required for the transaction of the business of the people at this time is conclusively shown by the fact that it has accumulated, and is still accumulating, in the financial centers to such an extent as to constitute a serious em- barrassment to the banks in which it is deposited, many of which are holding large sums at a loss. This excessive accumulation of currency at particular points is caused by the fact that there is no such demand for it elsewhere as will enable the banks and other institutions to which it belongs to loan it to the people at remunerative rates, and it will con- tinue until the business of the country has more fully recovered from the depressing effects of the recent financial disturbances. KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 97 Money does not create business, but business creates a demand for money, and until there is such a revival of industry and trade as to require the use of the circulating medium now outstanding, it would be hazardous to arbitrarily increase its volume by law, or to make material changes in its character by disturbing in any manner the relations which its different forms now bear to each other. In the meantime, it will be the duty of all who have x)ower to influence the course of events or to assist, by legislation or otherwise, in the solution of the grave questions presented by the altered condition of our monetary system, to carefully consider the whole subject in all its aspects, in order that it may be per- manently disposed of by the adoption of a sim^^le and comxireliensive system, which will, as far as j)0ssible, relieve the Government from the onerous obligations now resting upon it, and at the same time secure for the use of the i^eople a currency uniform in value and adequate in amount. The unsatisfactory condition of our currency legislation has been for many years the cause of much discussion and disquietude among the people, and although one great disturbing element has been removed, there still remain such iuconsistencies in the laws and such differences between the forms and qualities of the various kinds of currency in use that private business is sometimes obstructed and the Treasury Depart- ment is constantly embarrassed in conducting the fiscal operations of the Government. There arc now in circulation nine different kinds of cur- rency, all except two being dei^endent directly or indirectly upon the credit of the United States. One statute requires the Secretary of the Treasury to redeem the old legal-tender notes in coin on i^resentation, and another compels him to reissue them, so that, no matter how often they are redeemed, they are never actually paid and extinguished. The act of July 14, 1890, x^rovides that the Treasury notes issued in payment for silver bullion shall be redeemed in gold or silver coin at the discretion of the Secretary, and v/heu so redeemed may be reissued ; but the same act also i^rovides that no greater or less amount of such notes shall be outstanding at any time than the cost of the silver bullion and the standard silver dollars coined therefrom then held in the Treas- ury i)urchased by such notes, and consequently, when these notes are redeemed with silver coined from the bullion purchased under the act, they can not be reissued, but must be retired and canceled, for other- wise there would be a greater amount of notes outstanding than the cost of the bullion and coined dollars "then held in the Treasury." In this manner notes to the amount of $2,625,984 have been retired and canceled since August last, and standard silver dollars have taken their x)laces in the circulation. If redeemed in gold coin, the notes might be lawfully retired or reissued in the discretion of the Secretary; but the condition of the Treasury has been, and is now, such that prac- tically no discretion exists, for the reason that the necessities of the Ab. 93 7 98 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. public service and the requirements of the coin reserve compel him to reissue them in defraying the expenditures of the Government or in pro- curing coin to replenish that fund. One of the principal difficulties encountered by the Treasury Depart- ment results from the indisposition of the public to retain standard silver dollars and silver certificates in circulation. It requires constant effort upon the part of the Treasury officials to prevent the certificates especially from accumulating in the subtreasuries to the exclusion of legal-tender currency. Why this should be the case is not easily under- stood, for, although these certificates are not legal tender in the payment of private debts, they are, by the acts of 1878 and 1886, made receivable for all public dues, and by the act of May 12, 1882, national banks are authorized to hold them as part of their lawful reserves. With the IDolicy of maintaining equality in the ex'changeable value of all our currency tirmly established, and the further accumulation of silver bullion arrested, there is no substautial reason why the silver certifi- cate should not be as favorably received and as liberally treated by the public as any other form of note in circulation ; and, for the pur- pose of creating a greater demand for their permanent use in the daily transactions of the people, I have directed that, as far as the law i^er- mits, and as rapidly as the opportunity is afforded, the amount of such certificates of denominations less than ten dollars shall be increased by substituting' them for larger ones to be retired, and that the small denominations of other kinds of currency shall be retired as they are received into the Treasury and larger ones substituted in their places. There are now outstanding United States legal-tender notes to the amount of $67,914,911 in denominations less than ten dollars; Treasury notes issued under the actof 1890 of denominations less than ten dollars, $64,688,489, and national-bank notes, §63,381,916. There is express authority in the act of August 4, 1886, to substitute small silver certifi- cates for larger ones, and the Secretary of the Treasury also has power to make such changes as he may deem proper in the denominations of the Treasury notes issued under the act of July 14, 1890, but Congress, in the sundrj^ civil approi^riation act approved March 3, 1893, provided that no part of the money therein approx3riated to defray the expenses of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing should be exiDcnded for print- ing United States legal-tender notes of larger denominations than those retired or canceled. As the law now specifically designates the denomi- nations in which national-bank notes shall be issued, they can not be changed without further legislation, and consequently during the present fiscal year, at least, the $64,688,489 in small Treasury notes are the only ones that can be lawfully retired to enlarge the use of small silver cer- tificates. I am of the opinion that if this policy can be earned out to the extent of supplying the country with small silver certificates to an amount sufficient to conduct the ordinary cash transactions of the peoijle, and if, during the same time, certificates of the largest denomi- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 99 nations were issned in the places of others retired, so as to encourage the national banks to hold them as parts of their lawful reserves, the existing difficnlties would be removed, and nltimately a larger amount, of such currency than is now in circulation could be conveniently and safely used. The Treasury now holds 140,699,760 fine ounces of silver bullion, purchased under the act of July 14, 1890, at a cost of $126,758,218, and which, at the legal ratio of 15.988 to 1, would make 181,914,899 silver dollars. The act provided that after the first day of Julj^, 1891, the Secretary of the Treasury .should coin as much of the bullion pur- chased under it as might be necessary to provide for the redemption of the notes, and that any gain or seigniorage arising from such coinage should be accounted for and paid into the Treasury. It is X)lain from this, and other provisions of the act, that so much of the bullion as may be necessary,, when coined, to j)rovide for the redemption of the erftire amount of notes outstanding, is pledged for that purjiose, and can not be lawfully used for any other ; but it was decided by the late Attorney- Geneial, and by my predecessor in office, that the so-called gain or seigniorage resulting from the coinage as it progressed constituted apart of the general assets of the Treasury, and that certificates could be legally Issued upon it, notwithstanding the act of 1890 is silent ux)on the latter subject. The coinage of the whole amount of this bullion, which would employ our mints, with their present capacities, for a period of about five years, would, at the existing ratio, increase the silver circulation during the time named $55,156,681 from seigniorage, besides such additions as might be made in the meantime bj^ the redemi)tion of Treasury notes in standard silver dollars. In order that the Department might be in a condition to comply i^romptly with any increased demand that maybe made upon it by the public for standard silver dollars or silver certificates, or that it might take advantage of any favorable oj^portunity that may occur to x^ut an ad- ditional amount of such currency in circulation without unduly disturb- ing the monetary situation, I have caused a large amount of bullion to be prepared for coinage at Xew Orleans and San Francisco, and have ordered the mints at those places to be kept in readiness to commence operations at any time when required. REVISION OF THE REVENUE LAWS. The necessitj'- for a comprehensive revision of our tariff laws in the interests of greater industrial and commercial freedom need not be urged at great length upon the i^resent Congress, one branch of which has been recently chosen by the people with that object distinctly in view ; nor would it be appropriate here to discuss to any considerable extent the particular alterations that ought to be made in tlie free and dutiable schedules in order to make the revision conform to the requirements of the situation, because the proper committee of the House of Eepresent- 100 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY" OF THE TREASURY. atives is engaged in the preparation of a measure wliicli will probably be presented for the consideration of that bod}^ before this report is made. .But it is not improper, under the circumstances, to submit some sug gestions upon the general i^riuciples involved in such legislation and the best methods of applying them, in order to secure, as far as possible, equality in the distribution of the burdens of taxation, and avoid, as far as possible, the taxation of one citizen for the benefit of another, or of one class for the benefit of another. The only i^rojier purpose for which taxes can be levied and collected by the United States is to raise revenue for the support of the public service aud the payment of public obligations, and it follows as a plain matter of justice that no citizen should be required to contribute more than his equal share towards the accomplishment of these ends. While absolute equality is not attainable under any system of taxation that can-be devised, it is i)0ssible to correct the flagrant inequalities which characterize our existing legislation ; and in doing so, it is the impera- tive duty of those who are charged with the responsibility of making the revision to select such subjects for taxation and prescribe such methods of assessment and collection as will secure the necessary means for the support of the Government with the least possible injury to any part of the people, but without regard to the groundless apprehensions or unreasonable opposition of timid or selfish interests. The equal distribution of the burdens of taxation depends not alone ui)on the rates of duty imposed upon the different aiticles, but largely upon the manner in which the amount of the duty is ascertained and fixed by the law. The basis of the duty must be a unit in some form, and the question whether it shall be computed upon the weight, quan- tity, number, or dimensions of the article, or upon its actual value, is one which lies at the very foundation of every proposition to impose taxes, and upon its determination dei^ends to a great extent the justice or in- justice of every revenue measure. The imposition of specific or compound rates of duty is so incon- sistent with the true principles of just taxation that nothing but the plainest necessity can justify it in any case, unless it be in a few excep- tional instances where all the articles taxed at the same specific rate are so nearly equal in value that the danger of unjust discrimination is not greater than it would be if an official valuation were required. It is manifestly unjust to compel one citizen to i^ay the same amount of tax on a yaid of cloth worth one dollar that another citizen pays on a yard of cloth worth five dollars. In such a case it is evident that one has been taxed too much for the support of the Government or the other has been taxed too little, and the law has not dealt fairly with them in a matter which affects the equality of their rights and duties as citizens. A tariff is a kix upon cousumj^tion, and the condition of those who are compelled by poverty of means to purchase and use the coarser and cheaper grades of goods should certainly protect them against unjust REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 101 discriminations, even if it does not entitle them to some measure of exemption from the exactions of the Government. Taxation according to value does injustice to no one, unless the rates are too high or are un- equally adjusted upon articles of the same general character and utility. It is distinctly the American system of taxation, and is recognized as just and equitable by the people in all the States in their laws for the assessment and collection of local revenues upon the ad valorem basis. It is not probable that any other method would be tolerated in any State of the Union where the tax is imposed solely for the purpose of raising revenue with no incidental or ulterior object in view affecting the public health or morals ; and it would never have been tolerated in our Federal legislation, except in rare instances, if the use of the taxing power had been limited to the real purpose for which it was delegated. As a means of concealing from the taxpayer the actual proportion which the charge upon his earnings bears to the value of the taxed article, si)ecific and compound rates have been for many years ingeniously employed to mask and i^erpetuate a system which subordinates the interests of the Govern- ment to the exactions of private individuals and cori)orations engaged in ]particular industries and trades. But the objections urged against the ad valorem system of tariff taxa- tion are not generally based upon the proposition that it lacks the element of justice or equality, but usually upon the grounds that it is difficult of administration, and that it furnishes strong inducements for the commission of frauds and j)erjuries in order to secure false valua- tions of imported goods. While there is some force in this contention, I am not able to see how unequal taxation can be justified uj)on the ground that the burdens upon the people ought to be increased in order that the labors of public officials may be diminished, or that the honest citizen should be punished in order to i^revent the dishonest one from attempting to violate the law. But the difficulties of administration have always been greatly exaggerated, and so far as they really existed in former times, have now been much diminished by our increased facilities for ascertaining market values in other countries, and by the imijroved organization of our customs service. The markets of the world have been brought so near to each other by the use of steam and electricity that, as to all staple articles especially, it is not now much more difficult to find their cost or value abroad than at home ; and if under these circumstances it shall be demonstrated that official intelli- gence and integrity can not be safely relied upon for an honest collec- tion of the revenues under the existing system of indirect taxation, it will become necessary to consider whether some other method can not be devised to raise moneys for the suj^port of the Government. So far as the inducements to commit frauds and perjuries constitute objections, the slightest examination of the subject will show that they are much greater under the system of compound rates, which is one of the most prominent features of our existing legislation, than 102 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. they could possibly be under a purely ad valorem arrangemcut of duties. The tariff law now in force imposes compound rates of duty upon a great many important articles in common use among the people, and which are largely imported from abroad, and in every such case a tempt- ing premium is offered for fraudulent undervaluations by the importer or consignee. For instance, on woolen or worsted cloths, shawls and certain other manufactures of wool,. worsted or hair of the camel, goat, alpaca, or other animals, valued at more than thirty cents, and not more than forty cents -per pound, the tax per pound is three and a half times the duty imposed upon a pound of unwashed wool of the first class (381 cents), and in addition forty per cent ad valorem ; but if the goods are valued at more than forty cents per pound, the tax is four times the duty imposed upon a pound of unwashed wool of the first class (44 cents), and fifty per cent ad valorem. Upon an importation of one hundred thousand pounds of such goods under this law, an undervaluation to the extent of one-half of one cent i)er pound, so as to reduce the appraisement below forty cents a pound, would result in a clear gain to the importer and a loss to the revenue of 89,725, whereas, if the comx)Ound rate imj)osed upon the first classification mentioned, exorbitant as it is, had been made purely ad valorem and applied to all the goods of like character and description, such under- valuation would have resulted in a gain to the impoi-ter and a loss to the revenue of only $685, being a difference of $9,040, or more than 22 ■per cent upon the whole cost of the importation. This is only one provision out of a great number in the present law under which substantially the same result can be accomplished by a very small undervaluation of imported goods; and it would seem difficult to devise a scheme better calculated to encourage frauds upon the revenue and make their prevention or detection next to impossible. Eaw and partially raw materials constitute the basis of all our manu- facturing and mechanical industries, and unless our industiial establish- ments can i^rocure them upon substantially the same terms as their com- petitors elsewhere they must continue to be seriously impeded in their efforts to supply the home market with their finished products, and whoU}^ unable to extend their trade to other countries, except as to cer- tain commodities iii the manufacture of which they have peculiar apti- tude or employ superior machinery. Taxes upon materials used in our shops and factories are especially objectionable on account of the foct that they multiply themselves many times before the finished article reaches the hands of the consumer, and thus imi)ose a burden altogether disproiDortionate to the benefits suj)- posed to be conferred upon the producer by the so-called protective system. A tax upon iron and wool necessitates a still higher rate ui^on all forms of manufactured iron and steel and upon all kinds of woolen goods; and these progressive increases in rates are piled one upon another qt every stage of the manufacturing process until the completed article is ready for sale and consumi)tion. The result is that the cost of EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 103 production is made so great that our manufacturers can neither exclude their foreign competitors irorn our own market, nor share their trade in the markets of other countries, ^rhile the American consumer is com- pelled to reimburse the increased outlay caused by the tax with a i)er- ceutage of profit added. If the ^^orld's store of raw materials were as accessible to the Ameri- can workingman as it is to his competitor in other manufacturing coun- tries, his superior skill, sobriety, and industrious habits would enable him. without artificial aid, to supply many parts of the world where his products are now" nerer seen with machinery, implements, and various kinds of textile fabrics of such qualities and at such prices as would ex- clude all competition and create a demand for a large increase of our productive forces. With free raw materials as a permanent feature of our revenue legislation, the dem.and for labor would steadily grow with, the extension of trade, while enlarged opportunities for the profitable investment of capital would stimulate the spirit of enterprise among our people and greatly diminish the danger of periodical suspensions, lock- outs, and strikes, which have in recent years so seriously interrui^ted our industrial progress. Nearly allied to the jjolicy of free raw materials is that of cheapening the necessaries of life for the masses of the people. Legislation which unnecessarily increases the cost of living is wholly without justification or excuse, and in the revision of our revenue laws this objectionable policy should be wholly discarded in the interest of both labor and capital. So long as the Government maintains a system of taxation which affects the prices of commodities in the markets, it should be so applied as to exempt, or bear as lightly as possible upon, those articles which are essential to the health and comfort of the people, such as food, clothing, and shelter, and upon the tools and implements of trade employed by labor in earning the means of subsistence. Luxuries and articles of taste and fashion, the use of which is entirely voluntary, are proper subjects of taxation under any system of raising revenue, and upon these the rates may very properly be placed at the highest reve- nue j)oint. Such taxes do not ordinarily impose much hardship) upon those who pay them, but taxes which diminish the purchasing power of the laborer's wages in procuring the necessaries of life strike at the foundations of the social system, because the material welfare of all our communities depends in a larg-e measure upon the prosperity and con- tentment of those who labor in some form for their own support. It is estimated that the revenues for the fiscal year 1895 will amount, upon the basis of existing laws, to $454,427,748, and that the expendi- tures, excluding the sinking fund, will amount to $448,303,7S9. The estimated revenue from customs is 8190,000,000, and the total estimated receipts from all sources will exceed the estimate of expenditures $6,120,958. Assuming these amounts to be approximately correct, it will be necessary in any changes that may be made in our revenue laws 104 REPORT OF TEE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. to provide for raising about $184,000,000 from customs alone, or partly from customs aud partly from sucli other subjects of taxation as Con- gress may see proper to include in our internal-revenue system. If the amount and value of the importations of the same character of dutiable merchandise should not, during the fiscal year 1895, exceed the amount aud value of such importations during the fiscal year 1893, the receipts under the measure now j)endiug would be about $122,000,000, but there are strong reasons for the opinion that the x^roposed reductions in the rates of duty will encourage importations to a very considerable extent, and that, consequently, the revenue will not be diminished in the same proportion as the rates are reduced. Moreover, experience has shown that under all our tariff legislation there has been an almost constant tendency towards annual increases in the amounts and values of dutiable imports, even though the rates of duty remained the same. The total value of dutiable imports in 1SG8 was $329,601,302, and the receipts were $104,461,599, and although tea, cofiee, and hides, imj)or- tant revenue articles, were all subsequently placed uj)0u the free list and some other changes made in the law, the value of dutiable imports had increased to $493,910,384 in 1883 and the receipts amounted to $214,700,490. In the year 1884, the first after the passage of the tariff act of March 3, 1883, the value of dutiable imports was $450,295,124, and the receipts $195,067,489, but in 1890, the last fall year under that act, the value was $507,571,764 and the receipts $229,668,584. There have been but two entire fiscal years since the act of October 6, 1890, and dur- ing the first one, 1892, the value of dutiable imports was $355,526,741, aud the receipts $177,452,964, while in 1893 the value was $400,282,519, and the receipts $202,355,016, or an increase of nearly 15 per cent. To what extent the importations will be increased solely on account of reductions in the rates of duty it is of course imi)0ssible to foresee, but it is reasonable to conclude that this cause, together with the natural increase of our x)urchases from other countries, will result in a much larger revenue from customs in 1895 than is indicated by a mere comparison of proposed reduced rates with those under which the col- lections were made in 1893. I am of the opinion that with proper economy in public expenditures, which it is hoped will result in a considerable reduction from the esti- mates, an increase of $50,000,000 to the revenue for the fiscal year 1895, by the imposition of additional taxes under the internal-revenue system, will supply sufficient means for the support of the Government, and that this sum can be raised without seriously disturbing the business of the country or doing injustice to any part of the people. Many different methods' of providing this additional revenue have been suggested and discussed, and after a careful examination of the whole subject I have reached the conclusion that it can be most conveniently and justly raised by increasing the tax on distilled spirits 10 cents j)er gallon, and by additional taxes on cigars and cigarettes, and the imposition of new taxes on playing cards, cosmetics, and perfumeries, legacies, and sue- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 105 cessions, and incomes derived from investments in stocks and bonds of corporations and joint stock companies. The increased tax on distilled si^irits, cigars, and cigarettes shonld be imposed upon all such articles in existence and upon which the revenue lias not been collected, at the time the act takes effect, but a reasonable time should be allowed in the cases of the new taxes in order that the necessary stamps may be prepared and distributed, and the necessary rules and regulations made and promulgated. The propriety, under the circumstances, of increasing taxes ux^on distilled spirits, cigars, and cigarettes, and the imposition of new taxes at a reasonable rate upon playing cards and cosmetics and perfumeries, will not, I think, be se- riously questioned, except by some of the producers of these articles, who constitute comxDaratively a small part of the people. Taxes which directly or indirectly increase the cost of the actual necessaries of life should be avoided whenever it is possible to do so, but the consumers of such articles as are not essential to health and comfort ought not to com- plain when called upon to contribute a part of their voluntary expendi- tures to the sui^xDort of the Government. Taxes ux)on legacies and suc- cessions and incomes acquired from investments in stocks and bonds of corx)orations and joint stock companies are less objectionable in their nature and in the methods of collection than any other excises which it is competent for the United States to impose upon incomes according to their actual value or amount. They are not inquisitorial nor liable to evasion by the fraudulent suj^i^ression of facts, because the assess- ments or returns need not be based uj)on information extorted by the law from the x>ersons charged with their xjayment, but ui)on the x^ub- lie records and the regular and authentic accounts of the corx^orations and comx)anies in which the investments have been made ; and they have the additional merit of being imx^osed entirely uxDon that x^^^i t of the citizen's income which is not earned by his labor or skill, but which, in the cases of legacies and successions, is acquired by mere ox)eration of law or by gratuitous bequest, and in the case of incomes from invest- ments in corx^oratious and joint stock comx^auies, by the simx^le earning capacity of his cax^ital as such, without x^ersoual effort ux)0u his x^art. When the necessities of the Government comxjel it to resort to addi- tional sources for x^rocuring revenue, it is but fair that it should make its requisitions mainly upon those whose x)ossessions are of such a char- acter as enables them to escax^e, whollj^ or x^artially, the general burdens of taxation, rather than ux3on those who are already taxed substantially to the extent of their ability to x^ay ; and as incomes from caxjital invested in the stocks and securities of the institutions mentioned are not now subject to taxation under any law of the United States, or the laws of the several States, excexDt in a few instances, it can not be considered unjust to exact a small x^ercentage of their amount for the x^ublic use. It is a generally recognized fact that cax^ital in the form of money, bonds, and other evidences of debt does not usually, by reason of its in- tangible and transitory nature, bear its due xiiox^ortion of the burdens 106 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. of taxation under the revenue laws of the several States and munici- palities, as compared with real estate and visible i^ersonal property; and while no discrimination should be made against it, Mhether it be represented by corporate or other investments, there appears to be no good reason why the contributions for the support of the public service generally should not be equalized as nearly as possible by including this kind of property in the Federal revenue system. But if it shall be said that there is no better reason for imposing a tax upon incomes derived from investments of this kind than there would be in taxing incomes from other sources, the answer is that these insti- tutions are invested by law with valuable franchises, privileges, and immunities not enjoyed by the individual citizen, and that these fre- quently contribute more largely to their earning capacity than the char- acter or value of their other propeii^y. The holders of their stocks and securities are in this respect more favored than their fellow- citizens generally, and the exchangeable value of their shares and bonds, as well as the annual incomes derived from them, are greatly increased because they are so favored. A tax of 1 per cent upon an income of three thousand dollars derived from the investment of fifty thousand dollars in a 6 per cent stock would amount to thirty dollars, a sum so insignificant that the investor could not reasonably claim that the franchises and privileges granted to his debtor had not added fully that much to his receipts. It is scarcely uecessar^^ to suggest to Congress, in this connection, that the x)reseut and prosiDCctive condition of the Treasury and the general state of the country, demand a policy of the strictest economy in ijublic expenditures consistent with an efiBcient administration of the laws. Eeductions of taxation can not be logically insisted upon, or be made practically beueficird, without a corresponding reduction of expenditures ; but such a reduction can not be permanently effected by merely withholding appropriations required for the proper execution of existing laws, which impose duties upon the heads of Executive De- partments and other public officials. Deficiencies are not savings, but as a general rule result in larger expenditures than would have been made if adequate appropriations had been granted in the first instance. Genuine economy and frugality can be secured only by the repeal of statutes authoi'izing or requiring unnecessary expenditures, and the refusal to enact new laws creating charges against the Treasury for piu'poses of doubtful utility : and although such a policy will probably be vigorously opposed by powerful interests more or less dependent upon the patronage of the Government for support, and by local influ- ences seeking legislative favors, it is evident that it must be adopted and adhered to if any substantial result is to be accomplished. J. G. Carlisle, To the Hon. Charles F. Crisp, Secretar-y. SpeaJcer of the House of Bepresentatives. 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X •- a -«£i: a c © ©H o "li^a ^ © -tJ a ^-' *^ ca! 2ai 3 a ^ ■« r. -a ^ .« © -is a a-d cg-^-s x.a-a 114 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, -2.9 = 9 O oS o <1 I o d fc. fe oo C3 p-l t-l C3 O . 5 ^*- +^ .O >; %ar5 = o bC ic aj a> « o cj CD '*' «. '^ .-# r- (B .> 3 — 3 _ » ■d „ <0'« d^3^ M •> d * ,- ^H ^ 3 c d^ --a - W OJ o /-« IM .- .. - M c a © ' &-S: d ^ .. o"" o 2 "^ a t* ^T- " t> «i5-a c3 a cs "K^ « =0 C ™C a>.i o a; £-3 " ^ _ « = o rt a >.g ^ a.aMr3 a a a) u 4J O f- ft -^c^-;: CO -; „• o c; - — ' cj a '1^ +-^- X ^^ irat-?'=-.a ^. .^ rt 'S ° J: a — ^- ^ a ti; cj ^ — ■ a > m 2'3 « =3 a js »> -co S ^ o «'.S 2 ^ o.a o a .a -a ■- S a o "5 -r -^ a^ «_-. _ c a, ® S T P -" 2- 3 H » £ o =< 3 K c a -t; *- o © K ,a a o V. ^ ^ j; 4J cc a c -t- 4- -^ :« 0.2-200 , ^ C3oo -*^ ". ^ t- '^ SiSsoo- a S e^ CO H O M H o O Mo. I m 5S S ^2 ' -^ O 4^1 4A REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 115 o CI CO ct tH i-s O < o 1^ a" ci ° O — CJ Q o ^ -* ^ IB rt Q O « = £-^ ©■^ q ^ o --S^.S o ■*^ fcc -^ S - S O S^ Sao « S = J2 2 ^ -S o ^ m o S S ari «^1 9 ffl M.2'5-3 o=§ar-g HSg^-r; O— c: ^ .2 "■— ?« 3 c= OJ a tfc 3X3 o to p-a 3 3 3 3-r,-r ^-=»„---'S ' e a ^ r,:^ ^ — ■J^ a S5.2 -5 ^,::^= a ™ -M "^-a' ■%° - S^ 0) 7!. ^ w ^ S a « a ^ cT'a^ - ^-- ^ x ^ 5 ^* 3 2 -2 o 3 . >^,_ o o '-' « ^"^ g s-g'S ^ rt 0-3 -■^ M:2 .n " o c _ ^ -— ~ Ci O g: r:^ -t-» -^ , a cs = 1= a o 41 P OS g 3-1^-3 -' "" a I at [> r-* . 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  • 3 a >;:: =^. X — — ?i 'S S "^ a -: ^C-ZH, g s « - = 3 ^ a ^ o _' hit o 25a ►H-a-a c 2 §55 2 rt S o 5 o m t, 5^ 2"^^ s-g «*-2 ^ c;, a ■ e o.-p - --3 s 3/:: OC ■4^ X — - Si 3 S^ o ci 3 o TO b ^ » 3 a.'S rt "^.2 <»- § h X ^a — ,^ 3 c r -e -2 §=?=2^^ •- - -^ O Q "053 i o'^ 3 pa ^5-^ = 3 ^a£-t r^^h-^— f-^p^t-^r-.a^- 3^ a U X — ^ .^ o _ „ a t- a r-.^_. f-s ^ ^.2- a'Ptri K a e ^4-1 CC r3 o .^ O g 3 "c E« 3 " ^.tiwE.r-?,^ w - — — ^ 'o- S a +3 P 56'43 ^ a o to a a » rt 02 ~ ■a'*^"; a " ■fi cw a IB ■S-e ;^ ra « » •=2o2-« 2 a o 3 o S c a _^ " " 'V. X ^ „^ 3 .-3 ■r- , ^ cc a 2-3 3 O « 5 ^ ' u a 116 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Table B. — Statemext of Outstanding Principal of tile Public Debt of the United States on the 1st of January of each Year from 1791 to 1843, inclusive, and on the 1st of July of each Year from 1843 to 1893, inclu- sive. Tear. Jan. 1,1791. 1702 1793 1794 1795 1790 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803, 1804 1805 1806, 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1810 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 Amount. $75, 77, 80 78 80 83 82 79, 78 82, 83 80, 77 86. 82, 75, 69, 65, 57 53 48, 45 55 81 99 127 123 103 95 91 89 93 90 90 83 81 73 67 58, 48. 39 24. 7. 4, 3, 10, 3, 5, 13, , 463, 476. , 227, 924. , 358, 034. , 427, 404. , 747, 587. ,702,172. ,, 004, 479. , 228, 529. , 408, 009. , 976, 294. , 038, 050. , 712, 632. , 054, 680. ,427,120. ,33 2,150. I, 723, 270. ,218,398. , ;96, 317. , 023, 192. ,173,217. ,, 005, 587. , 209, 737. , 962, 827. , 487, 846. , 833, 600. , 334, 933. , 491, 965. , 466, 633. , 529, 648. , 015, 566. , 987, 427. 546, 676. , 875, 877. , 269, 777. , 788, 432. , 054, 059. , 987, 357. , 475, 043. ,421,413. , 5G5, 406. , 123. 191. , 322, 235. ,001, 698. , 760, 082. 33, 733. 37, 513. 330, 957. 308, 124. 434, 221. 573, 343. 250, 875. 594, 480. Tear. Jan. 1,1843 July 1,1843 1844, 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1860 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1990 1891 1892 1893 Amount. 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, *•> *2,' *2, *2 *2. *2, *'i *2, *9, *1, *1, *1, tl, tl, tl, tl, tl, tl, tl, tl. tl. $20, 201, 32, 742, 23, 401, 15, 925, 15, 550, 38, 826, 47, 044, 63, 061, 63, 452, 68, 304, CO, 199, 59, 803, 42, 242, 35, 580, 31 932, 28 699, 44, 911, 58 496, 64, 842, 90, 580, 524 176, 119 772, 815 784, 680 647, 773 236, 678 126, 611 687, 588 452, 480 672. 353 211, 253 251, 234 482. 251 690, 232, 28-1, 180 395, 205 301, 256 205, 349, 567, 120 415, 069 013, 918 312, 884 171, 830 528. 876 424, 756 445, 688 229, 705 992, 640 673, 585 821, 560 472, 628 840, 598 111, 226. 27 922. 00 652. 50 303. 01 292. 97 534. 77 802. 23 858. 69 773. 55 796. 02 341. 71 117. 70 222. 42 956. 56 537. 90 831, 85 881.03 837. 88 287. 88 873. 72 412. 13 138. 63 370. 57 869. 74 173. 09 103. 87 851. 19 2] 3. 94 427. 81 332. 32 328. 78 993. 20 468. 43 531.95 067. 15 392. 10 892. 53 482. 04 370. 63 509. 58 994. 03 728. 07 923. 57 275. 14 205. 78 591. 63 320. 58 340. 23 048. 73 784. 61 151. 63 156. 13 *In the amount here stated as the outstanding principal of the public debt arc inchulcd the certifi- cates of deposit outstanding on the 30th of June, issued under act of June 8, 1872. lor -nhich alike amount in United States notes was on special deposit in the Treasury for their redemption, and added to tlic cash balance in tlie Treasury. These certificates, as a matter of accounts, are treated as a part of tlie ]jublic debt, but being offset by notes held on deposit for their redemption, -should properly be deducted from the piincipal of the public debt in making comparison with former years. t Exclusive of gold, silver, currency certificates, and Treasury notes of 1890, held in the Treasurer's cash, and including $04 623,512 bonds'issued to the several Pacific railroads. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 117 t-f>?^^r-'LOC^lI>00;^00050!05-C = 00000000000= c: 0000000 1 , t^c;»-H'-<^c;C3-*i0 7Jc::;30:c«roc:<^oooooooc^oooooooc::::!00oo iH 00 «; CO 00 CO CO --f ;^" 00 -* ^^ 1^ t-^ C'i ri o o d d o o d =■ o d = o o o =■ o o o o o d =■ o CO I-'; rD re TC t^ Ti ro -^ — C5 o 00 ?t ^1 -M in o ir: o o u-^ o »o o o o o L-; L-^ m =: ^'^ o ci ^ CI :c o t- C-. c/: t~ cc X cc -^ c- Si n CM r; c- o t- t~ -^ C-. c- CO -* lo o c~ -H t- -# ,-1 X C5 r-H re o 05 rt 'H cc ri S-a (Mooooo-"*^ — — 'Or-ir^c/^ — occ-^r-;oc^LOGOiococoi>ocicoo-fC^iciror:)c;c^[:^ '^ M CO o o cr. M< X o CO r: — .-: rt CO oc ci U-: c; c: 00 re t~ 00 CO CO -*■ o CO ^ -1 o i-^ -. C-. iM b.- ^ ;>i 7-1 CO -^ s t-"^t^cicocor:inocom:ooc;o'^cOL^-^c^cocoooc^coc:iiCjXciOr-.o:ooooroooo ^ L^ i-Too -n^x ^d"io'i--^orT-?^cnriooc^^c=c=-«.r:^ — co-N — -ioc:(rir-;co-ocjc-. -Tciooic-I-Hoooo ^- •» COC-COC-lCOCOClI^.-iOC500C-L-l>C~t-t--t-C-0-l<~:01i-ir- CO L- CO CO CO lO ^ -* 00 C: CO -:>• uO O -.' ^ c:: CO CO Ol CO =i 01 — CO 00 l~ rtC: .-r-li-ICOCOTil00-tL~in^COCOCO0000O]CO00C!COCOCOC-CO P4 C0'^^'-'t-H(--rhr-(C^lC0'^OC00C-tinC0-J'^C0O"^-t'XC0mc0 (MC^t-l OOOOOOOOOCOO— '— '^OOOOOOOOOOOOO oooooo;oco=coco = ooocjooc;oococcoo=;o QO d d d d d d d d d d c-^ d icj ic d d d d d dS^^ocici^ci C O O O O O O O » M CI CO CO OO O O IC5 O O i.O LO O »0 in LO o o OOOXCOClOSTr^t-CO-il'r-.COCO^COCOOC-XCOCOCOCIrt o o CI C; X t- CO CI CO CC CO CT O M CO O X 00 O t- t~ X OHO CO CO c; -f r-l g eoXCOC^lt'CMXX'-'Ot-XCOXXXCOCOCOOlcOXCOCO-T'CO't* CO ^ in r-l -* = Til Tf CI L^ rJ CO O to m LO CI iC UO to ■-1 CO CI CI -+ X X p< COCOCOt~COCOOOOunC5rHX.-lw— .-f-).^Ot~i-ICOCOX-?C5 >o ■W- d,d d 0" =■ d d d 0=0 = 0000000 i.oomooo 0000000000000 L^ CI inin o 0' d = o' 0" 0' 0" 0' 0' d 0' C-' =■ lO c> -f -k" ooooooooooooco-^cooco = = 000 0000 CI CO oxcoco p. = 00000000 CI ocsom in ^ T? -i- in m 1.0 in in in in in in c 1 CO m CI CM ^ C^l Cl C<1 Cl CM CM CM Cl CM Cl C-l i-l r-t ^ * l> O t^^ 00 c: in -4 ^ ■:6 ':^ d: d dd^ddddd'S'dddddtd'd ■*^ r~( cc c: r^ T3 L^ Ti o c^ O = = = = c^ = m in = iR in CO c 1 re A r-n C-^ :r^ Ci .-^ CC C: C2 = = OOXXCOClL^'^inX'^OCOOXCO « O cT l>^ :d~ x' "^ t^ --H C-IClTtiO.-1-rtiCCO X X X X X t^ t-- t^ L^ L^ = ci t-- r^ ci ^ tr- in in 't t^ '^ ci in ci -t ■* -+ 't in CO CO r- r^ .-^ in r^ c: o in T o CO !:> 00 to CO CO oco xmcococoaioooococ-icicooco Pi •n o c- o ca i-( cc ^' d d t-^ L-^ t>" c-^ t~^ '^'" co' ci 0' d~ cT o^cocococococococor^t^oinmin ■^ '^^r-l 1-i t- t- c- t~ t- c- c- 1- 1- c- CO in in m io • -S '.<~ d ^ ^ -d i:z 'S ^■:id:£-di:£r£ci^<£! b£>> 1 It eot-ooc- o — ' c^i ro rf ir in CO t- c/ o-Hoico-i-incot-xcso^cico-juncor^xoo-^iMco 1 ifs in o ir oc 3 a m: 1 1- cc 3a cc i r- cc cr cr r- a )X « \ 1- a a 1 r- (1- a 4r- X ir- « r- 4r- X 1 r- X r- 1 I- 000c < 1-1 r- i ?- 4 r- JOC a oc 1 r- cc 1 1~ oc a I- oc X X 1 .9 a o O 118 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. .9 ^ ,-. 3 a a C3 O . '■^ t-t -S3 to S o o a to . o a 1-h" -h" cT ^^co'irT c r --^ ao i^ o' :c' QC X* ic c' 13 o to K- s © p -^ t- 5 Sir- =3 tJD, © 4^^ PC© « o f-^ OCOCOCC^3Xri'T-'^lOOr:OCOCOOC;i>CSOOOlOCi05CliO»— f5D i-T 00 ** CO -^ cT -r c7 o o '^ r*" c « t- CO CI C* r-( ti I— t- CO ir^ Or CO o c CO oo t CO t~ c C3 CI C oo C5 ' ■1 CO t- : o o g+^ C c; ffi ;3 O O gll C g rt - CS Cj © U fcJO o t^ fl » "- " 9 - c: CD c: o Ci m - 00 -^ 00 O CO CM ) C^ -^ 04 !>■ 02 lO I "O t-^t-HClCO'^i J -rp UC r-. O -3" in ■ '00 C-) O CO CC 00 ' oor-ooo— icjcoco— 'o;cociciocictCir;o^CTccco-j'cooc;c:r~oroocO' irir-joir^t^cocjocico — rct~-ocicci-m'-tGocJCor2a}tOt-i(McooO!McoOiri: r-»'^-^-^-^Tt<-^Trt-^"rf"TfTj<-<11iO-^-^Tt1--ii'^CO^'*OOOOOt-t^00030CS to P c; ■^la° tC t^ 00 Ci O -- CI CO '-t* IC — _ .. .. - . O O O tn O tC O :D oo O O tD'O tC £— I^t^ r^ t> l> i- t-l- !•- CC COCCO CO cooooooooocoocooaoccoocococooooccococcoc/oococcococooccoococooooocooooooocoocoo a ^ ~ a «2 c ® ® X -*J 03 in w?H y J? 1 '^ 1 1 t! . ^ 3 r-i .-: a-^ a w .2 O ci o o Y: ? ^ » :zife;z;52; irT ^,5 M oo a2, act of Feb. 25, no 18G2 Pivc-twcuties of 18C4, act of June 30, 1864. Legal-tender notes, acts of Feb. 25 and July 11, 1S62, Jan. 7 and Mar. 3, 1 863 . -' Gold certificate.?, acts of Mar. 3, 1863, and July 12, 1882 One-year notes of 1863, act of Mar. 3, 3S3 18S3 Two-year notes of 1863, act of Mar. 3,1863 Compound-interest notes, acts of Mar. 3, 1863, .iml June 30, 1864 Bounty-land scrip, act of Feb. 11, 1847" Issues. Eedemntions. $91, 116, 000. 00 13, 070, 000. 00 Loan of 18C3, acts of Mar. 3, 1863, and June 30, 1804 Ten-forties of 1864, act of Mar. 3, 1864. Seyen-thirties of 1SG4 and 1865, acts of Juno 30, 18G4, and Mar. 3, 1865 Seyen-tlilrties of 1861, act July 17, 1861. Loan of Feb., 1861, act Feb. 8, 1861. . . . Certificates of indebtedness, acts of Mar. 1, 17, 1862, and Mar. 3, 1863 Consols of 1805, act ot Mar. 3, 1865 Con.sols of 1867, act of Mar. 3. 1865 Consols of 18C8, act of Mar. 3, 1S65 Funded loan of 1881, acts of July 14, 1870, and J.an. 20, 1871, and Jan. 14, 187 Certificates of deposit, act of June 8,1872 Silyercertifieates, act of Feb. 28, 1878. Eefunding certificates, act of Feb. 20,1879 Loan of 1882, act of July 12. 1882 Fractional currency, acts of July 17, 1862, Mar. 3, 1803, and June 30.'l864. Funded loan of 1801, acts July 14, 1870. Jan. 21, 1871, and Jan. 14. 1875. . Funded loan of 1907, acts July 14, 1870, Jan. 20, 1S71, and Jan. 14, 1875. . Treasury notes of 1890, act of July 14, 1890-.'. Eedeiuption of n.ational-bank notes, act July 14, 1890 42, 695, 000. 00 109, 972, 000. 00 Total . Excess of issttes Excess of redemptions Net excess of redemptions cbarged in receipts and expenditures , $9, 600. 00 26, 200. 00 16, 000. 00 91,110,000.00 75, 627, 740. 00 430.00 200. 00 1, 760. 00 25.00 1, 000. 00 500. 00 1, 050. 00 100. 00 1,000.00 1, 000. 00 6, GOO. 00 11, 700. 00 25, 100. 00 1, 000. 00 60, 650, 000. 00 110, 628, 800. 00 15, 130. 00 76, 850. 00 2, 958. 00 511, 700. 00 22, 900. 00 87, 238, 106. 00 2, 937, 580. 00 347, 051, 586. 00 41, 759, 950. 00 9, 037, 651. 50 389, 530, 044. 50 Excess of issues. $22, 900. 00 45, 478, 156. 00 45, 501, 056. 00 Exces-i of redemptions. $9, 600. 00 26, 200. 00 16, 000. 00 62, 557, 740. CO 430.00 200. 00 1, 760. 00 25.00 1, 000. 00 500. CO 1, 050. 00 100.00 1,000.00 1, 000. 00 6, 600. 00 11,700.00 25, 100. 00 1,000.00 17, 955, 000. 00 656, 800. 00 15, 130. 00 76, 850. 00 2, 958. 00 511, 700. 00 6, 100, 071. 50 87, 979, 514. 50 45,501,0.56.00 87, 979, 514. 50 42, 478, 458. 50 120 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. »4 •< O 03 HH iM tt O < w o >: >-i a P o h C5 s '^ 00 M tt( o H CO W4 l-H H H ;<5 p (i< »-s O <:>) H y, >?; »H t" Q o P CJ ^-1 o o << ;< 1— 1 !z; O in < o O H fq cT CO o 5*^ >H c "I I— ( H s w c >?; td .:^ « H Q a 5 1-4 C/J « t/) i! 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O 'ii o h- t^ — ?• X in 1— . *n t> to -t- o c-i -^ o c: CO o i-Toc »n cTcfco CO •— CO CO :o X rl Cl rH CO -* 0*00 o ift in m o o t* m 7J CO o CO i-TcTt- co^.-Tcf c^ ci -+ cr. lo o '* O C-l CO O X 1-1 CI 1-i CO "* O O O o o in Cl '-O CJ in ctTos" X CO X L- X t- o o o o o o o in LO o Cn| CS CO o o W in t- X toco o rox X CD CD » 3*0 "o O (R 9} n n fl o c o CO c: :: o X pi - X tn sc ?; 33 c c; iJ ^j^r-. " r- X o H ^- X •O CO X X 1-3 p 3 . . © c; 0^ ^ ^ "> ^ "T (XI n "*f "*f *f 't'o'c'o o © i O tK (n a? f^ t> > > s c s ••^ •«-...-. .^ o o o o CJ - o So oc -^ :o ^H "-J rH V. ;.-,-■*-. O o O ro jc [C .« .s .;; -.2 a> o ■»- -M *; CO CO oo H 3 e — r-l rt O C © . , - ff ^ ^ 31 05 « «f -»f -^ "c "o "3 © i © * !^ to > > > 5 S 5 'A i-5 o H Ol 02 3: 3} © © © o .»:> .4^ -^ -.-> a q s a O © c © ^ fe & ^ -^ ■+3 4J -^ O o o o t» t- > ^ w © o o c o fH fH^^PH © © C , _ o ^ 5J ^ ^ ^ r.4 •*f *^ ♦f* C 's © © © i 2 > > > 5 5 122 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. ©^ o © O ^ 5) t-1 « fe " ffl n n CO lO cc ?■] t^ o t^ lO 00 -* o c^ COCOOOOCiOOCQ-^fCOO c; :^ >o o c^ ^ o Cl kO CO O rH 'JO CO irf t-^ t-T r-T »" --dr -^ r1 « ■* (- 00 »(M CI OS CO iA t^ CO c* ^ o .H COC- oo CO 00 •5 '3 .9 s « i-i^» CC i-( CI t^ GO CC CC O O r-i Tt -— I ^ CO i-l £§ *i-" cS oo O "in cf CO o otT LO 'T^ iC CI CO O cc C: 00 C) -^^ r-t r-t O ■^■^'»**00Ot>Ot>ClO i-H i-t CO t-- I> I— I O CO in in "-P CS o lo d CO o oo t-i i-l oo CO o o r: t> o t- Cl CO t- cfci '^ O o o o r:: o o m m m o m o CO rH 00 t- O rH oooo"— -iniocoooo o o in in o CO 00 M in in 1-H r-l 71 O r-i CO r-l oo O m CO >-r o" co' cT r-^ in t^ .-< Tj< -r ^ r-3 C'l « a o n ci c X c-> o »n t- 00 T* t; CO CO CO "P t^ C/i QC 00 « C --1 T-1 rH Ci « - ^ - tj t* aj 05 «3 1-5 aj cc «j Lj -M -^ o o o Cj (T, (T. ffj Oi ^ " a B p •« .« o o o o (M c tn o — o oc - ou ^^ O i-H tfi Tj !n fa o o ir^ t^ o) S 'C^ =° «s '=> « !E O ,~ . ^ ^ t: 05 a. im ■*? *:'*r'c'c'o © o © ^ f^ ^ > > i- ~ 5 5 H3 • © CI c o . - ^ ."5 © ;^ ^ '+3 *^ tr '© '^ =^ c q a "^'ZC^^ O O © V^ '--' fT^ te > ;> 1. 1" =*- "— ' .5 -5 ;: .o = o o © © ^ . . . C3 r" K "^ .:C.C.rt ©coo pR rn rH ri 1-1 Hi K^ oc o 00 CT o c o r n a P c3 C3 5 i S t- " s DpHf=( o o ao '^<<) c rt fl = 01 o © © 6 i ^11 i o a > c: !3 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY. 123 g? -J O ^ O ^T1 cc ».':> -f tfi -* -T cc m -p ■^a- X >— > T-t ir: t^ CD 'tc; i:^ mm X (M tri Tl S5 » CC CO U'i '* T-H 00 CI CSrHO" iH CO i O u- O O L- O^ O ^^ " fl c: ^ ti Is! « S c3 i, 3 o £; 3 1— > Oi o uO O oo g o o o o oc oc 1 -' L- TJ CI « c^ L-^ CO ro lO C^l CO -a- lO -r ,-H T-1 -^ O CO -* ro ci r^ ■* 1-1 CO (M O CJ O) 1-1 CO CO o oo W L-'CO''--* o o o o o o o i- U-: o T-* rt t- r-^ -r C6 t^Ci 00 CO o oc oc — ' l^ CO Tl t- 00 T-H r-( o o o o o o c; o lO lO to iw C4 C-J lO C^ ^ Oi Ca CO CI to ^ lO C^ lO CO ro ro o — — CI •-( 1-H oo •-< ro ro CO CO ^ Ci CO 1-1 O 00 t^ O --' O O 00 00 <-" c^ t- O ■* 00 »o rt O Ci c; t- o CO CO CO CV -1* o CI "^ ro -^ i-H iri ro C5 O O =:■ O O O o O O lO o ~ o O rH r-( CJ O O CJ •^ t-Trjcc^o'cr lO T-. ?- O) CI CI O O O " o o O d; lO 1^ lO O' c 1 c-j lO r i -^ Oi Cl O CI uO Ti' O C^ O o o o o o o o o o o >-: c^ o o o i-i I— '. : i C; iO ci •<^ *~r 7f oc" O^ CI lO r-^ ro 00 cici ^ ^-^ 3 Ci o O r- O O O « !-( Coo CO t^ r^rt-^i CO H CO ro CO ^rs — p 2 '■§ a '^ El 3 3 o ^ CO r-( »-( ^ O 00 00 _,0C 00 00 rt J-; ^^ ■+-< O O i o cs ci « g o o 3 :3 P 1-5 " " -^ -^ rt o a o r^ ^ i> V ^ ;h '•^ 1) 4^ C ^ ^ Hf-W o -^ iJ (S cS ^ -^ ■rt to o !D CO 3 -^3 S a tj o -J o o o M , _ . ?? -"I o o > 9 « 5 S CO oo o 3 ei ■ o : "^ '< -In t- S ti o 3 o C5 O CS i --3 O '- CO 3 3 '-* 3 -»-^ -tJ''-l3 S B 3 O - o " tt.o 'C-1 tC3 r-f fO ^^ ^ oooc ^'qo) CO , »-< — "T; r-l _ « o-g =s o >-.^ >. : =2 o • M ^ r- g=S>:;or5 ^ Q o c o o o"? O 3"^ 3 &■ 5 2 5 § =^ 1-3 • CO ^ ^3 '■^33 ; ei a o .,- o a • o I- t^ ; 3 o o . a p. 3< . - r-, CO • C -w -*J ' U C3 C4 OO 3 3 "S a a 3 o o 3„- -53 o CM-* cc to _j •;^ r:: ,j Ob ^ 2 ^ "^ ^, =5 » i-l rH as ^ '^ CjO ^ tn to <^ '' " ^ f ^ " 5 2 5 = S 124 KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. to* iri rH "^ -t « t- ro od o c^i rll .-* t-^ 00 «»■ CS -"T ■«* CO CO CJ <© of rH ifT r-TcO SS »HOscoc;co t--rj(t— t— CO'— (coo«D «^ CO C^OOOiftCCCO »o<=) «l3 05 O © Is 0? 'o a> tJl ■♦J a ri -M o n ^a a P>. -fj « M fl O a; 1— tco.-tmincotooiiMcootMrooo'^ <©-ir:.co(Moo ic.-'CDOC^i'^c^i-fO Tjt CO tK CO (N CO 05 »-i CO t- ooooooooooo O O O C5 O O lO O irt' lO o f~.oi-iiocococ^05c;r3co CO 1-1 T-1 C^l T-l r-l oo < o o » 00 r-. t o comiAT-iC'ioociiccoocit-co t-C0lrtC0r-iC0C0OO05'+C^C0r-( COOCO^OOfOOClt>CCO(MOCO C^i-HOCOlCt^COO-^COIr^CslCOi-l CO I-l i-( oo -"Jl -^ I-l CO CM W CO'^OCllOOO'tC^OOCIt^CO inoO'-'C^-VCOiMOOiTf'COinaiC) to 1-1 t- lO I-l 00 O O N Ol 81 0<3000000000000 0000t£>000000000 t^COr-(t-COOO"^!MOiCir:>iOCO oo i-*CO CO 55 in (5> O CO to a> to o §§ o t- to M 0-* S5 oca o o m CO 00 o « 3 .e-s ^3 ocoocoooooooooo OOOOOOOOiOLCOOOUviO i-iOT-imcococ-icicic-aoooCr-it-f- CO r-lt-KMr-.'^"^ ^~ o Csos oooooooooooooo iOOOO»0 000000000 t-c^rHt>. > W _ ts o ccoocc --. r-t ^H «*-* V. ^- o c o o: tn +3 a o © p. CO _• «i s *- . a o -t> a p< or -fi -» corn ;; c3 (n V - o o o 'A K X n p a o o o r— •-♦-. V- «»- f^ a a f~i o CO •^ w> O »H .bCC'J cc CO , O O O C3 a a , •^ a -w -< © CQ 5 !^^ o p ci - ©_^ 00 -4cia to ^ a S-tf o tlj© o ^ oo J 00 <1-=5 •s-r^ SCO •3 o H « g r!-.''^ 'J^ ^ M rl . "2 a a 3^ a cs ci c3 g a o o o a Co© Sag o © a to « >;© © ^ '^ a^ oj — ^ I— ( ; t^ > u ttaH t4-i 3 o^^ o o a i, i a p cS > t. c3 t^ in t- cc ^asto 00 CC CO o o c tc « tc o'o'o to tc tn a 5 a o o o a O Cm C3 O o ^•co'a "g to ei f*^ rH f— I w ^ e ce 3 a o o a 00 c3 00 o i-i — o © a** o 3 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY. 125 o in -t* **- lO t^ CO '^ t— I C5 CO CI O iH T-H IC CO 00 00 CO i-O i-i CO CJ CJ CO i-( CO CO ■^ 00 CO CO o -* CQ T-i 1~t '^CO CO t> CO CC I-H 00 O CO -T< rH O CO t if O CD MOO^-tr-HOCOOSTJ lO I> i-i i-( — ( i-< C5 O O O O O 00 CM lO o o o o o t- i-H irs OS o I-. t> 00 f-T i>co ocTi-H OS in O O O -O 00 m ^^ o <— ' u^ o o o '^P :d o o o in o Oin o -^ -* CQOi fH CO tH to" o*"^ CO CI OS OS ooooooooo looinioiooooo O CO CO iC t- 00 t~ 'r;' CI OCCD O CO i—t CO o o o o o o o lo o c:; o o o in »— ( lO CS O t— I OC CO rH l> CO rC*" OS lO in CO 1-1 00 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o in o C' in o O O O t- CO -n r^ .-o CO m CO CJS ^ :o .-(C3 o o o o o o o o o o CO Oi I-H "* o ;d CO 00 -—I ooooooooo ooooooooo o o o o o o o o o lo o ic in to o o o o c> ;o CO O t> OC t- t-i r-( T-1 C'l "* g -3 c -^ a o 3 poo ffi Cti Cv iH O O Oi-li-l ■■« a a 00 3 CO o o rHHs ^ _^^ O O O o O a a c'S'2 ce c5 rt a a o o o a a o CO a © ta Pi '^ CO ^ r 6c> 2= t-.o x-co' a p< ^00 o o o H -^■:o "^ :c rt c: cc c^ r3 "3 CCC"aoocooCO H ^iii'SlsSa [Toooaacaa 126 REPORT OF THE SECRJ^TARY OF THE TREASURY. o o o o t~ m (- o »-< 1 c^"^ • O O ?a -f Tl- C-. »■! CO CO >^ O f-t d d d d ci i.o co ^ to' O Si'" a O CT r-* C-1 t^ O C3 CO c^ = § •Se-i-l CQ'-O t- 1* e^ o6 CO CO OS CO 00 00 gs oo" ^ inoooocovnoj (N CO t-C O OlO CO t:-o CO 00 ddccLQi^cocod d 25 ^- CO C^l CO r-i Ca L-t CO to CO (M o in in CO ■+^ ^ -3 -^ "^ o oc o cr " ^2 o '-w (D S •- ^ OJ O c t>- fe ir-i:-co' c cj c ^~?, -^ ~ o c: M c J o'o o eg "=1 ^ K C C C'5 Si ' c. 3 S 05 cS C3 B B 3 i" rt ^ooooso: ^ p ■H ?i- Ih- Ih ?p= 11- IP' < e ) 1 PS eo 00 p o I- O c:: C5 0Q 00 o c: o o in o ■ rH in r-^ 00 d T^ d ci C- CO o -o t- to t-i 00 TT in o CO in rH 00 L- O CI O OO C-l to r-ico ■66- O CO to" m to • ro • Ol * 00 ' I—" CO : cs . T^ s i-g .s :a -^ . ® T3 © O .-3 § :£ ^ :§ ; t-. >; >i >■. >; /%-< -,-, -"^ A-i /^^ ^ fH r-i ^-1 H HT f- .( eo o> CO tH o CO a § h> to .HtO in 00 CO Tjl o 00 T-i lO oc d r- M Cl 00 1- IM rH OO r^TK in t-^ (Cf O d O OO S Cl Z! CO o o th oc'd' o" rH i; to e> C'^^- :- 0-3^ :t) -te^^ c^'i •^ 05 r^ C3 »— i © c> 00 - •w -^^ i-H - cS t^ a !-. s ^i-C . »S-2 —1 ij_, -,-■" +* --^ - a C^ ^ a t. rx -♦H ^ u a .2 5 t- §=2 — "-"^ - ~x" - 1 2i « -c a = -Sa ■> ts aoo s;:^ ; a c; 2 ^ c y _: 03 a i^ CO — 00 - -H i2S =:>§*. J p _c j::=!^.s.s.s T O O*^-" ^ O I '5 t-iH c-irl i CO 00 '"' ■"• o" rH- " ■^ O ^ a ■-- Sj Hs h> REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 127 3 S '3 t d CO CO r-t -* ro T-» to ■^* tH -H -^ U-^ T-t 2 o .i . o r-i in o i-H C5 (M c- »n ro to C-. = M a-^^-ii-S ^1 00 o o ci ci r-^ o r-^ cj ^ ri r: t- CO r4 f? = = o.S§ fi _. C^ =i F- t>» irt to — rt o cs CO L"; 71 — • -t' -- -^ O ^ t- O O ^ L- 00 .-. i^ -i o n ^ o -«# -— ''iff r^'c^f '^ o --'rTto-cc'^-to' t- CI ^] --' C"-l OO 03 o to in oc -iT -# ro C3 o o o c; t- 1-4 cs r-l C- -3- C! 00 (N tX Bal; State esti dedi pa ^in O r-Tcfc^" o cq'o t-^r-TNCi' ea « ^ t- CO c^ tr- <« a IA»H M ift O O O) l-H ift O O O -^ io o .^ o f-1 OS C- CO O 05 o lO m CO o => ■* •* ^ >v-^ o -S .a ^ -^ t-^ o C3 iri t-^ ad o6 r* .-! in ^ t-; to' ai .-( r — ?■ 1-- :o c^ lO t- ^ -« to to F^ 05 c^ o t- r: to OJ ->* o -^ n CO 00 r-i = ? i'S 33 Eepayi inten transpc of m troop (ricTt^cccf t-^ to- cfoo'fo'-HcT-* a> oo o -o CO Ci ol (M u-^ ^ to O to CD ri lO »0 i-H o 00 tH OOUO IN la o'-#co" •o" to"-"* CO m" <©-'ait-( (M r~i c> ■*^ t^ o m :o -*^ OJ o t--o -J to tH CJ to O O C 1 C^l i-H 00 m C^ O to OI C3 "^ to CO* CO Ci CO CO C5 iri t^ CO t-^ X ^ t3S o I into lid b- Unit tatea t- -^ O O O CO CI CI or m o X 00 o O O CO CO-* -^ to rH c^ X O C^l co"^' cfcT o~^ to o ri oc o oi o lO OC t-t c^ O i-O '^ cs c; ^3 in X -^ t75 _c? j£^CM ^ ^ CO C5 O C^3 C^ N o 00 CS — (M « CJ c- ^ - a> CO -^ o> en 05 O O -sO o o o to o o to o o o to o o CO o coco CO to O 00 O X to CO = 2-S <= CO o uo o* CO as lO CO o in O to* 35 in "S.S =5 "a lA o c; o ^ "^ o m C5 O O rH -^ o »n O O O 1-1 CO t- in O O O r-( OT t- 5 -2 '5-"^ o a o 2 CO CS t- CO 05C0 00 ^C^t^CCCiCC 00 t- OO rH -* m -^Ji CO t~ X 1— 1 -Tj* in -^ CO t^ r-l CO o> t- r-1X OJ ^ISS" rH T-i ." P< .S o o t- OS CT CD -* O -^ i> c: in to -* OS o O O CO CM CO C O O to X TJi -* ■* o'-fi-'f co^c-f co' X o'ri cf r--^■"c^ t- S -fcS "Tl CO CO CO .-< CO -* i-H o C-) X o o o o OxrS -* O CD Ttl t- CiI »H ca t^ -* rin.^ CO Q ESS t' OS OS c O O O O C3 O o o o o o o o o =" ti o o o o o o o CO o oo = o o => a cS c£ ':'i d> <£ <^ ci o o c-i o o o c^i §15 C3 C: ^ O CO CJ T-H CI o ^ o ;= K T—t »-! o U-: o lO CO 1.0 r^ o m o in CO m 2 S-3 LO rT'^'cTc^co c*0 m" r*" --o" o cT 00 CO 00 o ro c= o i^i CM X o .-t o t- Cl Ol S^ m OC CO 71 '^ OS CD to CG rt Cl to C5 to to -=^ 1 O"co'c-^i-i"r-l'r-r ■^ into h-Tr-T-H-r-r •^ s " to C^l c--. 3 a^-n-3 ■ta :hi _ O ■ ^ *^ "^ „' « c; 'i, i: i< >. ►-S-S 2 ^;— —i-'tu^ i-i:_;-H»-(Wo <=>i^jr ot>-2 Oi^£ ajh^.S 128 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Table H. — Statejiknt Showing the Amounts of Money in the United States, IN THE TKEASURY AND IN CIRCULATION, ON THE DATES SPECIFIED. JULY 1, 18G0. [Population, 31,443,321; circulation per capita, $13.85.] Specie State-bank notes General stock coined or issued. $235, 000, 000 207, 102, 477 In Treasury. 442, 102, 477 $6, 095, 225 6, C95, 225 Amount in circulation. $228, 304, 775 207, 102, 477 435, 407, 252 JULY 1, 18G1. [Population, 32,064,000; circulation per capita, $13.98.] Specie State-bank notes . $250, 000, 000 202, 005, 767 452, 005, 767 $3, 600, 000 3, 600, 000 $246, 400, 000 202, 005, 767 448, 405, 767 JULY 1, 1862. [Population, 32,704,000; circulation per capita, $10.23.] State-bank notes . . . United States notes Demand notes Add: Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast . $183, 792, 079 96, 620, 000 53, 040, 000 333, 452, 079 $23, 754, 335 23, 754, 335 $183, 792, 079 72, 865, 605 53, 040, 000 309, 697, 744 25, OUO, 000 334, 697, 744 JULY 1, 1863. [Population, 33,365,000; circulation per capita, $17.84. Fractional currency- State- bank notes United States notes . Demand notes Add : Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast $20, 192, 456 238, 677, 218 387, 646, 589 3, 351, 020 649, 867, 283 $4, 308, 074 75, 105, 171 79, 473, 245 $15, 884, 382 238,677,218 312,481,418 3, 351, 020 570, 394, 038 25, 000, 000 595, 394, 033 JULY 1, 1864. [Population, 34,046,000 ; circulation per capita, $19.07.] Fraction.il currency. State- bank notes United Slates notes. National-bank notes Add : Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast $22, 894, 877 179,157,717 447, HOO, 203 31, 235, 270 080, 588, 007 $3, 762, 376 32, 184, 213 35, 946, 589 $19, 132, 501 179, 1.57, 717 415, 115, 990 31, 235, 270 044,641,478 25, 000, 000 669, 641, 473 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 129 Table H. — Statement Showing the Amounts of Money in the United States, IN the Treasury and in Circulation, on the Dates specified — Continued. JULY 1, 1865. [Population, 34,748,000 ; circiilation per capita, $20.57.] Fractional cnrrency. State-bank notes United States notes. National-bank notes General stock coined or issued. $25, 005, 829 142, 919, Go8 431.066,428 146, 137, 860 In Treasury. $3, 277, 074 52, 149, 686 Add: Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast. 745, 129, 755 55, 426, 760 Amount in circulation. $21, 728, 755 142, 919, 638 378, 916, 742 146, 137, 860 689, 702, 995 25, 000, 000 714, 702, 995 JULY 1, 1866. [Population, 35,469,000 ; circulation per capita, $18.99.] State-bank notes Fractional currency.. United State.-i note's-. Kational-bank notes . Add: Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast . $19, 996, 163 27, 070, 877 400, 780, 306 281,479,908 729, 327, 254 $2,383,814 72, 988, 001 5, 467, 195 80, 839, 010 $19, 996, 163 24, 687, 063 327, 792, 3U5 276,012,713 648, 488, 244 25, 000, 000 673, 488, 244 JULY 1, 1867. [Population, 36,211,000; circulation per capita, $18,28.] State-bank notes ■ Fractional currency. United States notes . National-bank notes. Add : Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast $4, 484, 112 28, 307, 524 371, 783, 597 298, 625, 379 $2, 001, 230 52, 345, 805 11, 861, 4l8 703, 200, 612 66, 208, 543 $4,484,112 26, 306, 294 319, 437, 702 286. 763, 961 636, 992, 069 25, 000, 000 661, 992, 069 JULY 1, 1868. [Popiilation, 36,973,000; circulation per capita, $18.39.] State-bank notes Fractional currency. United States notes . National-bank notes. Add : Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast . $3, 163, 771 32, 626, 952 356, 000, 000 299, 702, 855 691,553,578 $3, 627, 600 27, 428, 335 5, 393, 982 36, 449, 917 $3, 163, 771 28, 999, 352 328, 571, CG5 294, 368, 873 655, 103, 661 25, 000, 000 680, 103, 661 JULY 1, 1869. [Population, 37,756,000; circulation per capita, $17.60.] State-bank notes Fractional currency. United States notes . National-bank notes Add: Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast . Ab. 93- -9 $2, 558, 874 32,114,637 355, 935, 194 299, 742, 475 690, 351, 180 $1, 672, 398 41, 233, 100 7, 992, 791 50, 898, 289 $2, 558, 874 30, 442, 239 314, 702, 094 291, 749, 684 639, 452, 891 25, 000, 000 664, 452, 891 130 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Tai'.le H. — Statement showing the Amounts of Money in the United States, IN THE TkEASUKY AND IN CIRCULATION, ON THE DATES SPECIFIED — Continued. JULY 1, 1870. [Popnlation, 38,55<5,371; circulation per capita, $17. 50.] General stock coined or issued. In Treasury. Amount in circulation. $2, 222, 793 39, 878, 084 350, OUO, 000 299, 760, 984 $2, 222, 793 34, 379, 282 324 962 638 !Frnp( loiiiil ciirroiicv .............. ................ $5, 499, 402 31, 037, 362 11, 118, 903 288, 648, 081 Afld : Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast 697, 868, 461 47, 655, 667 650, 212, 79,' 25, 000, 00& 675, 212, 794 JULY 1, 1871. [Population, 39,555,000; circulation per capita, $18,10.] 1, 968, 058 40, 582, 875 356, 000, 000 318,261,241 1, 968, 058 34 440 305 6, 136, 570 12,931,030 6, 855, 569 TTiiitpd Statpa notes . .. ............ 343 008 970 !Nation.il-baulv notes . ._ . 311 405 872 Add : Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast 710, 812, 174 25, 923, 169 690, 889, 005 25,000 000 715, 889, 005 JULY 1. 1872. [Population, 40,596,000 ; circulation per capita, $18.19.] Statc-l)ank notes Praetioiial currency . United States note's . National-bank notes. 1, 700, 935 40, 855, 835 357, 500, 000 337, 664, 795 Add: Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast , 737, 721, 565 4, 452, 906 11, 331, 320 8, 627, 790 24, 412, 016 1, 700, 935 36, 402. 929 346, 168. 080 329, 037, 005 713, 309, 549 25, 000, 000 738, 309, 549 JULY 1, 1873. [Population, 41,677,000; circulation per capita, $18.04.1 State-bank notes 1, 379, 184 44, 799, 365 356, 000, 000 347, 267, 061 1,379,184 38. 070, 005 348, 404. 145 338 OO'' 47'i Prnctioiinl currency 6, 723, 360 7,535,855 8, 304, 586 United Stales notes National-bank notes Add : Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast 749, 445, 010 22,563,801 726, 881, 809 25 000 oon 751, 881, 809 JULY 1, 1874. [Population, 42,796,000 ; circulation per capita, $18.13.] State-bank notes 1, 102, 453 45, 881, 296 382, 000, 000 351, 981, 032 1 16" 453 Fractional currency 7, 047, 714 10, 578, 548 11,715,488 38 9:i", fiS? United States notes . 371 421 45'' National-bank notes 3-10 ''05 5i4. Add : Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast 781,024,781 29, 941, 750 751, 083, 031 25 000 000 776, 083, 031 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 131 Tablk H. — Statejient snow-ixG the Amounts of Money in the United States, IN the Treasury and in Circulation, on the Dates specified — Continued. JXTLY 1, 1875. [Population, 43,051,000; circulation per capita, $17.16.] General stock coined or issued. In Treasury. Amount in circulation. State-ban Ic notes Fractional currency . United States notes.. Nati'inal-bank notes . Add: Specie in circulation on tbe Pacific coast. $964, 497 42, 129, 424 375, 771, 580 354, 408, 008 773, 273, 509 $4, 224, 854 26, 085, 215 13, 861, 463 44, 171, 502 $964, 497 .37, 904, 570 349, 086. 3d5 340, 546. 545 729,101,947 25. 000. 000 754,101,947 JULY 1, 1876. [Population, 45,137,000; circulation per capita, $15.12.] Stateb.Tnk notes Subsidiary silver Fractional curi'ency United States notes. National-bank notes Add : Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast. 1, 047, 335 27, 418, 734 34, 440, 595 369, 772, 284 332, 998, 336 705, 683, 284 G, 363, G06 1,507,750 38, 324, 906 16, 877, 034 63, 073, 896 1, 047, 335 21, 055, 128 32, 938, 845 331,447,378 316, 120,702 702, 609, 388 25, 000, COO 727, 600, 388 The amount of subsidiary silver in circulation, according to the records of the Department, was $26,055,128, but for tbe sake of uniformity .$5,000,000 of this amount is deducted and stated as a part of the specie in circulation on tbe Pacific coast as heretofore. JULY 1, 1877. [Population, 46,353,000; circulation per capita, $15.58.] Subsidiary silver Fractional currency. United States notes . National-bank notes. Add: Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast 40, 837, 506 20, 403, 137 359, 764, 332 317, 048, 872 738, 053, 847 2, 952, 653 161,476 21, 804, 988 15, 759, 847 40, 738, 964 37, 884, 853 20,241,061 337, 899, 344 301, 289, 025 697, 314, 883 25, 000, 000 722, 314, 833 JULY 1, 1878. [Population, 47,598,000; circulation per capita, $15.32.] Standard silver dollars, including buUion in Treasury, Subsidiary silver Silver certificates Fractional currency United States notes National-bank notes Add: Specie in circulation on the Pacific coast. 16, 269, 079 60, 778, 828 1,462,600 16, 547, 769 346, 681, 016 324, 514, 284 760, 253, 576 15, 059, 828 6, 860, 506 1, 455, 520 180, 044 25, 775, 121 12,789,923 02, 120, 942 1, 209, 251 53, 918, 322 7,080 16, 367, 725 320, 915. SP5 311,721,301 704,132.634 25, 000, 000 729, 132, 634 132 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Table H. — Statement showing the Amounts of Money in the United States, IN THE Treasury and in Circulation, on the Dates specified — Continued. JULY 1, 1879. [Population, 48,806,000; circulation per capita, $16.75.] Gold coin, incliulins; bullion in Treasury Standard silver dollars, including bullion in Treasury Sub.sidiary silver Gold certificates Silver certificates United States notes K ational-bank notes General stock coined or issued. .$245, 741, 837 41, 276, 3.')G 70, 249, 985 15, 413, 700 2, 466, 950 346,681,016 329, 091, 697 In Treasury. $135, 33, 2, 45, 236, 475 239, 917 903, 401 133, 880 052, 470 OoC, 904 286, 701 Amount in circulation. 1, 051, 521, 541 232, 889, 748 $110,505,362 8, 036, 439 61, 346, 584 15, 279, 820 414, 480 301, 044, 112 321,404,996 818, 631, 793 JULY 1, 1880. [Population, 50,155,783; circulation per capita, $19.41.] ttold coin, includinsr bullion in Treasury Standard silver dollars, including bulLiou in Treasury Subsidiary silver Gold certificates Silver certificates United States notes National-banli notes $.351, C9, 72, 8, 12, 346, 344, 841, 206 660, 408 862. 270 004, 600 374, 270 681, 016 505, 427 1, 205, 929, 197 $126, 145, 427 49, 549, 851 24, 350, 482 40, 700 6, 584, 701 18, 785, 559 7, 090, 249 232, 546, 969 $225, 695, 779 20,110,557 48, 511, 788 7, 963, 900 5, 789, 569 327, 895, 457 337, 415, 178 973, 382, 228 JULY 1, 1881. [Population, 51,316,000; circulation per capita, $21.71.] Gold coin, including bullion in Treasury Standard silver dollars, including buUionin Treasury. Subsidiary silver Gold certificates Silver certificates United States notes National-bank notes $478, 95, 74, 5, 51, 346, 355, 484, 538 297, 083 087, 061 782, 920 166, 530 681,016 042, 675 1, 406, 541, 823 $163,171,661 65, 954, 671 27, 247, 697 23, 400 12, 055, 801 18, 554, 092 5, 296, 382 292, 303, 704 $315, 312, 877 29, 342, 412 46, 839, 364 5, 759, 520 39,110,729 328, 120, 924 349, 746, 293 1, 114, 238, 119 JULY 1, 1882. [PopuLation, 52,495,000; circulation per capita, $22.37.] Gold coin, including bullion in Treasury Standard silver dollars, including bullion in Treasury Sub.sidiary silver Gold certificates Silver certificates United States notes National-bank notes $506, 757, 715 122, 788, 544 74, 428, 580 5,037,120 66, 096, 710 346,681,016 358, 742, 034 1, 480, 531, 719 $148, 50G, 390 90, 384, 724 28, 048, 631 8,100 11, 590, 620 21, 425, 589 6, 277, 246 306, 241, 300 $358, 251, 325 32, 403, 820 46, 3-'9, 949 5, 029, 020 54, 506, 090 325, 255, 427 352, 464, 788 1, 174, 290, 419 JULY 1, 1883. [Population, 53,693,000; circulation per capita, $22.91.] Gold coin, including bullion in Treasury Standard silver dollars, including bullion in Treasury Subsidiary silver Gold certificates Silver certificates United States notes National-bank notes $542, 152, 74, 82, 88, 346, 356, 732, 063 047, 685 960, 300 378, 640 616, 831 681, 016 073,281 1, 643, 489, 816 $198, 078, 568 116. 396, 235 28, 486, 001 22, 571, 270 15, 996, 145 23, 438, 839 8, 217, 002 413, 184, 120 $344, 653, 495 35,651,450 46, 474, 299 59, 807, 370 72, 620, 686 323, 242, 177 347, 856, 219 1,230,305,696 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 133 Table II. — Statements showing the Amounts of Money in the United States, IN THE Treasury and in Circulation, on the Dates specified— Continued. JULY 1, 1884. [Population, 54,911,000; circulation per capita, $22.65.] General stock coined or issued. In Treasury. Amount in circulation. Gold coin, including l)ullion in Treasury $545, 500, 797 180, 306, 614 75, 261, 528 98, 392, 660 119, 811, 691 346, 681, 016 339, 499, 883 $204, 876, 594 139,616,414. 29, 60'J, 720 27, 246, 020 23, 384, 680 27, 993, 802 8 809 990 $340, 624, 203 40, 690, 200 45.660 808 Standard silver dollars, including bullionin Treasury. Subsidiary silver Gold certificates Silver certificates .... 71, 146, 640 96 427 Oil United States notes 318 687,214 National-bank notes arid R«9 Roa 1, 705, 454, 189 461,528,220 1, 243, 925, 969 JULY 1, 1885. [Population, 58,148,000 ; circulation per capita, $23.02.] Gold coin, including bullion in Tre;i,sury Standard silver dollars, including bullion in Treasury Subsidiary silver Gold certificates Silver certificates United States notes National-bank notes ...is $588, 697, 036 208, 538, 967 74, 939, 820 140, 323, 140 139, 901, 616 346, 681, 016 318, 576, 711 $247, 028, 625 169, 451, 908 31,236,899 13, 593, 410 38, 370, 700 15, 462, 379 9, 945, 710 1, 817, 058, 336 525, 089, 721 $341, 668, 411 39, 086, 969 43, 702, 921 126, 729, 730 101, 530, 946 331, 218, 637 308, 631, 001 1, 292, 568, 615 JULY 1, 1886 [Population, 57,404,000; circulation per capita, $21.82.] Gold coin, including bullion in Treasury Standard silver didlars, including bullion in Treasury Subsidiary silver Gold certuicates Silver certificates United States notes National-bank notes $590 237, 75, 131 115 346 311 774, 461 191,906 , 060, 937 174, 245 , 977, 675 ,681,016 , 699, 454 $232, 554, 886 184, 523, 283 28, 886, 947 55, 129, 870 27, 861, 450 22, 868, 317 4, 034, 416 1, 808, 559, 694 555, 859, 169 $358, 219, 575 52, 668, 623 46, 173, 990 76, 044, 375 88, 116, 225 323, 812, 699 307, 665, 038 1, 252, 700, 525 JULY 1, 1887. [Population, 58,680,000; circulation per capita, $22.45.] Gold coin, including bullion in Treasury Standard silver dollars, including bullion in Treasury. Subsidiary silver Gold certificates Silver certificates United States notes National-bank notes $654, 520, 335 277, 445, 767 75, 547, 799 121. 486, 817 145, 543, 150 346, 681, 016 279, 217, 788 $277, 979, 654 221. 897, 046 26, 9G3, 934 30,261,380 3, 425, 133 20, 013, 797 2, 362, 585 1, 900, 442, 672 582, 903, 529 $376, 540, 681 55, 548, 721 48, 5S3, 865 91, 225, 437 142, 118, 017 326, 607, 219 276, 855, 203 1, 317, 539, 143 JULY 1, 1888. [Population, 59,974,000; circulation per capita, $22.88.] Gold coin, including bullion in Treasury Standard silver dollar*, includingbullion in Treasury Subsidiary silver Gold certificates.. Silver certificates United States notes National-bank notes $705, 818, 855 310, 166, 459 76, 406, 376 142, 023, 150 229,491,772 346, 681, 016 252, 368, 321 2. 062. 955, 949 $314, 704, 822 254, 639, 063 26, 044, 062 20, 928, 500 28, 732, 115 38, 680, 976 7, 055, 541 690, 7*5.-), 079 $391,114,033 55, 527, 396 50.362,314 12l,0;)4, 650 200, 759, 657 308, 000, 040 245, 312, 780 1, 372, 170, 870 134 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Tarle H. — Statement showixCt the Amounts of Money ix the Umted States, IN the Tkeasury and in Circulation, ox the Dates specified — Contiuued. JULY 1, 1889. [Population, 01,289,000; circulation per capita, $22.52.] Gold coin, including bullion in Treasury Staiul.ird silver dollars, including bullion in Treasury Subsidiary coin Gold certificates Silver certificates ; TJuited States notes National-banli notes General stock coined or issued. $680, 063, 505 343, 947, 093 76,601,836 154, 048, 552 262, 629, 746 346,081,016 211, 378, 963 2, 075, 350, 711 In Treasury. $303, 581, 937 289, 489, 794 25, 124, 672 36, 918, 323 5, 474, 181 30, 241, 825 4, 158, 330 Amount in circulation. 694, 989, 062 $376,481,568 54,457, 299 51,477,164 117, 130, 229 257, 155, 565 316,439,191 207, 220, 633 1, 380, 361, 649 JULY 1, 1890. [Population, 62,622,250; circulation per capita, $22.82, ]: Gold coin, including bullion in Treasury Standard silverdoliars, including bullion inTreasury. Subsidiary silver Gold certifii'utes Silver certificates United States notes National-bank notes $695, 380. 70, 157, 301, 346, 185, 563, 029 0S3, 304 825, 305 502, 979 539, 751 081, 010 •970, 775 2, 144, 226, 159 $321, 304, 106 323, 804, 555 22, 792, 718 26, 732, 120 3, 983, 513 11,992,039 4, 365, 838 714, 974, 889 $374, 253, 923 56, 278, 749 54, 032, 587 130, 830, 859 297, 556, 238 334, 688, 977 181, 004, 937 1,429,251,270 JULY 1, 1891. [Population, 63,975,000; circulation per capita, $33.41.] Gold coin, including bullion in Trea.sury Standard silver dollars, including bullion in Treasury Subsidiary silver Gold certificates Silver certificates Trea.sury notes, act July 14, 1890 United States notes ifational-bank notes $616, 582, 852 438, 753, 502 77, 848, 700 152, 486, 429 314, 715, 185 50, 228, 417 346, 681, 016 167, 927, 974 2, 195, 224, 075 $239, 263, 689 379, 927, 323 19, 629, 480 32, 423, 360 7, 479, 219 9, 879, 713 3, 473, 656 5, 706, 928 697, 783, 368 $407, 319, 163 58, 826, 179 58, 219, 220 120, 063, 069 307, 235, 966 40, 348, 704 343, 207, 300 162, 221, 046 1, 497, 440, 707 JULY 1, 1892. [Population, 05,520,000; circulation per capita, $24.44.] Gold coin, including bullion in Treasury Standard silver dollars, including bullion in Treasury Subsidiary .silver Gold certificates Silver certificates Treasury notes, act of July 14, 1890 United States notes Currency certificates, act of June 8, 1872 Kational-bank notes $664, 275, 335 491,057,518 77,521,478 156, 623. 929 331,614,304 101,712,071 346, 681, 016 30, 430, 000 172, 083, 850 2, 372, 599, 501 $255, 434, l-t, 15, 4, 3, 37, 5, 706, 511 240, 056 227, 774 530, 310 920. 839 453. 379 121, 112 500, 000 462, 333 771,252,314 $408, 568, 824 56, 817. 462 63, 293, 704 141, 093, 619 326, 693, 405 98, 258, 692 309, 559. 904 29, 810, 000 167, 221, 517 1, 601, 347, 187 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 135 Table H.— Statement showing the Amounts of Money in the United States, IN THE Treasury and in Circulation on the Dates specified— Continued. JULY 1, 1893. [Population, 66,946,000; circulation per capita, $23.85.] Gold coin incladinj; bullion in Treasury Standard silver dollars, including bullion in Treasury Subsidiary silver Gold certi'ljcates Silver cci-tilicates Treasury notes, act July 14, 1890 United States notes Currency certilicates, act June 8,1872 National-bank notes Total General stock, coined or issued. In Treasury. Amount in circulation. $597, 697, 685 $189, 162, 022 $408, 535, 663 538, 300, 776 481,371,103 56, 929, 673 77,415,123 11, 945, 257 65, 469. 866 94, 041, 189 1, 399, 000 92. 642, 189 330, 957, 504 4, 133, 656 326, 823, 848 147, 190, 227 6, 334, 613 140, 855, 014 346,681,016 27, 621, 590 319, 059, 426 12, 405, 000 690, 000 11, 715, 000 178, 713, 872 4, 043, 906 174, 609, 966 2,323,402,392 726, 701, 147 1, 596, 701, 245 EECAPITULATIOX. Year. 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1808 1807 1808 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1870 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 Amount of money in United States. $442, 452, 358, 674, 705. 770, 754, 728, 716, 715, 722, 741, 762, 774, 806, 798, 790, 763. 791, 1,051, 1, 205, 1, 406, 1, 480. 1, 643, 1, 705, 1,817, 1, 808, 1, 900, 2, 062, 2, 075, 2,144, 2, 195, 2, 372, 2, 323, 102,477 005, 767 452, 079 867, 283 588, 067 129, 755 327, 254 200, 612 553. 578 351, 180 868, 461 812, 174 721, 565 445, 610 024, 781 273, 509 083, 284 053, 847 2.53, 576 521.541 929, 197 541, 823 531, 719 489, 8ie 454, 189 658, 336 559, 694 442, 672 955, 949 350, 711 226, 159 224, 075 509, 501 402, 392 Amount in cir- culation. $435, 448. 334, 595, 069, 714. 673, 661, 680, 664, 675, 715, 738, 751, 776, 754, 727, 722, 729! 818, 973, 1, 114, 1, 174, 1, 230, 1, 243, 1, 292, 1, 252, 1, 317, 1, 372. 3.380, 1, 429, 1,497, 1,601. 1,596, 407, 252 405, 767 697, 744 394, 038 641,478 702 995 488, 244 992, 069 103, 661 452, 891 212, 794 889, 005 309, 549 881,809 083, 031 101, 947 C09, 388 314, 883 132, 634 631,793 382, 228 2.38, 119 290, 419 305, C96 925, 969 568, 615 700, 525 539, 143 170, 870 361,649 251.270 440. 707 347, 187 701, 245 Population. 31, 443, 321 32, 064, 000 32, 704, 000 33, 365, 000 34, 046, 000 34, 748, 000 35, 469, 000 36,211,000 36, 973, 000 37, 750, 000 38, 558, 371 39, 555, 000 40, 590, 000 41,677,000 42, 796, 000 43,951,000 45,137,000 46, 353, 000 47, 598, 000 48, 806, 000 50, 155, 783 51,316,000 52. 495, 000 53, 693, 000 54,911,000 56, 148, 000 57, 404, 000 58, 680, 000 59. 974, 000 61, 289. 000 62, 022, 2,50 63. 975, 000 65, 520, 000 66, 946, 000 Money per capita. $14. 06 14.09 10.96 20.23 20.72 22. 16 21.27 20.11 19.38 18. 95 18.73 18.75 18.70 18. ,58 38.83 18.10 17,52 16,46 16.62 21.52 24,04 27.41 28.20 30.60 31.06 32. 37 31.50 32. 39 34.39 33.86 34.24 34.31 36.21 34.70 Circulation per capita. $13. 85 13.98 10.23 17. 84 19,67 20, .57 18.99 18.28 18^39 17.60 17,50 18,10 18.19 18.04 18.13 17. 16 16, 12 15,58 15.32 16.75 19.41 21.71 22.37 22.91 22. Co 23. 02 21.82 22.45 22.88 22.52 22. 82 23.41 24.44 23.35 Note. — The difference between the amount of money in the country and the amount in circulation represents the money in the Treasury. Currency certificates, act of June 8, 1872, are included in the amount of United States notes in circu- lation in the tables for the years 1873 to 1891 inclusive; ^sinco T891 tbey are reported separately. The foregoing tables present the revised figures for each of the years given. 136 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. a ^ H S ® " to aot>j-^ w a ^03 m fl (K ft-i o cj IK a <^ ^ ^-1 '^ •2h§ . 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' ^ fl P ■w o g ii '-' > <2gS 'o ® 2 '3 ^ tfltw O © o -O eo P-2 © o.> a fl I- rt <* © - Q (B r-- -Cm © O -^ CO S © S o fl a. ■^ tr, 5 I g a -. S"H4 M +j © *^ © r o flr- = J 5 «_Hg>fl=::° cS"2 E >--© t^ ; k"2 >i > 2 • £ O =i+H g'5 o © (T! © U ■>% .2 c ; a 73 2 > flS OS «'" t- o ,0 a o ^ ^ -S S ■« Ih ■» e_.S ; o o " © O O^ f=Hp=H fl fl © © CJ ® °bB r-^a fl^^ ©'^ © a- =^ Sh >• „ OK e.-'H fl © c P g"S 1 :9 !.:§ ;5 . © • © © g-2^ ©||g|g ^ ii ft© .2 u S ShQ (h'S !h cc o I— I c © O in fH i=^ o H C3 fl O © p. o u p< p< cS '-too O r-l in „ rHo CO ^ *^ lO tea fl fl fl M o.S ^§ KEPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 137 Table J. — Statement of the Net Receipts (by avarrants) during the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1893. Customs : Quarter enrled September 30, 1802 r)3, 631, 954. 79 Quarter ended December 31, 18U2 46,509,137.15 Quarter ended March 31, 1893 58, 193, 619. 98 Quarter ended June 30,1893 45,020,304.81 ^ 203,355,010.73 Internal revenue : Quarter ended September 30. 1892 42,565,203.41 Quarter ended December 31. 1S92 41, 999, 178. 05 Quarter ended March 31, 1S93 30, 230, 078. 84 Quarter ended June 30, 1893 40, 233, 103. 03 ^ 161,027,623.93 Sales of pvhlic lands : Quarter ended September 30. 1892 730, 613. 42 Quarter ended December 31, 1892 837, 748. 10 Quarter ended March 31. 1893 819, 152. 54 Quarter ended June 30, 1893 794, 575. 72 ^ 3, 182, 089. 78 Tax on circulation of national banJcs : Quarter ended September 30. 1892 676, 941. 95 Quarter ended December 31, 3 892 7, 004. 79 Quarter ended March 31, 1893 701, 838. 58 Quarter ended June 30, 1893 6, 238. 31 ^ , 1,392,023.63 Hepayment of interest by Pacific railroads : ' Qiiarter ended September 30, 1892 226, 737. 83 Quarter ended December 31, 1892 27 2, 034. 49 Quarter ended March 31, 1893 242, 089. 19 Quarter ended June 30, 1893 230, 371. 17 971,832.08 Ciisto7ns fees, fines, penalties, and forfeitures .• Quarter ended September 30. 1S92 175, 797. 05 Quarter ended December 31, 1892 258, 979. 63 Quarter ended Ma.-ch 31, 1893 183, 746. 63 Quarter ended June 30, 1893 188, 396. 57 ^ 806,919.88 Fees — consular, letters patent, and lands: Quarter ended September 30, 1802 691, 495. 20 Quarter ended December 31, 1892 655, 043. 31 Quarter ended March 31, 1S93 933, 562. 82 Quarter ended June 30, 1893 876, 115. 79 ^ 3,156,217.12 Proceeds of sales of Government property : Quarter ended September 39, 1892 33, 840. 54 Quarter ended December 31, 1892 44, 489. 07 Quarter ended March 31, 1893 42, 302. 06 Quarter ended June 30, 1893 44, 005. 21 ' 164,703.48 Profits on coinage : Quarter ended September 30, 1892 385, 649. 54 Quarter ended December 31, 1892 855, 248. 84 Quarter ended March 31, 1893 604. 485. C5 Quarter ended June 30, 1893 504,087.12 ^ 2,349,471.15 Revenues of District of Columbia : Quarter ended September 30. 1892 327,550.13 Quarter ended December 31. 1892 1, 218, 811. 40 Quarter ended March 31, 1893 2.;0, 154. 21 Quarter ended June 30,1893 1,329,226.53 3, 111, 742. 27 Qiftrter ended September 30, 1892 1, 709, 791. 27 Quarter ended December 31, 1892 914, 385. 50 Quarter ended March 31, 1893 1, 831, 932. 73 Quarter ended June 30, 1893 1, 845, 278. 63 ^ 6,301,388.13 Total ordinary receipts, exclusive of loans 385,819, 028. 78 Receipts from loans, certificates, and notes 347, 051, 586. 00 Total receipts 732,871,214.78 Balance in Treasury June 30, 1892 778, 604, 339. 28 Grand total 1,511,475,554.06 138 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Table K.— Statement of the Net Disbueskmexts (by warrants) during the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1893. CIVIL. Congress $7,043,871.45 Executive 12' ^"3, 5.>7. 36 jurticiaVy .■::■.: :.""!! 7,091,179.67 Govcinnient in the Territories - 2U, 850. 19 Subtrca.suries : "^OS- '*-• 37 Public haul offices 5^"' l""^^' 2^ Mints aud as.say offices 239,041. lO Total civil $28,233,992.77 I FOKEIGN LNTEECOUKSE. Diplomatic salaries 417, 508. 34 Consular salaries 609. 17o. 00 Contingent expenses of foreign missions 119,482.57 Contingencies of consulates 2S0, 081. 34 Spanish indemnity 30, 1C8. 12 Piellef, protection.'and rescuing shipwrecked American seamen 30, 493. 19 International Union of American Kepublics 29,719.68 Continental Railway Commission 58, 2:J6. 50 International Monetary Conference 31, 187. 52 Emergencies arising in the diplomatic and consular service 31, 612. 08 International Boundary Survey 100, 484. 85 Tribunal of Arbitration at Paris 1-il. o46. 59 Miscellaneous items lOG, 347. 12 Total foreign intercourse 1, 077, 042. 00 MISCELLANEOUS. Mint Establishment 915,878.27 Life-Sa\ ing Service 1, 258, 526. 55 Revenue Cutter Service 922, 097. 36 Steamboat-Inspection Service 301, 534.36 Engraving aud Printing 1, 039, 842. 57 Coast and Geodetic Survey 465, 540. 03 Lisht-House Establishment 2, 684, 8.53. 00 Marine-Hospital Establishment 634, 855. 50 Custom-houses, court-honses. post oifices, etc 5, 050, 706, 59 Pay of assistant custodians and janitors of public buildings 704,040.67 Fuel, lights, and water for public buildings 785, 987.85 Furniture and heating apparatus for public buildings 359,316.51 Vaults, safes, loclis, and plans for public buildings 73, 634. 76 Collecting revenue from customs : For the year 1893 $6,073,245.07 For prior years 83, 545. 91 Detection 'and prevention of frauds upon the customs revenue 39, 285. 38 — 6, 796, 076. 36 Refunding excess of deposits, etc 2, 893, 370. 14 Debentures and drawbacks under customs laws 3,574, 151. 72 Compensation in lieu of moieties 34, 802. 69 Expenses of regulating immigration 228, 975. 29 Salaries, shipping service 60. 527. .52 Services to American vessels 24, 393. 34 Enforcement of contract-labor laws ^^'f?^'^^ Chinese exclusion act 76, 2,!7. 53 Revenue vessels 46, 965. 50 Interstate Commerce Commission 240, 827.45 World's Columbian Exposition 2, 711,258.51 Assessing and collecting internal revenue 4, 175, 627. 90 Paper for internal-revenue stamps 63, 861. 01 Eedemj)tion of internal-revenue stamps 26, 179. 44 Pnnishiug viola tidiis of internal-revenue laws 23, 540. o7 Eefvunls. reliefs, etc., under internal-revenue laws 97, 267. 60 Allowance or drawback under internal-revenue law.s 10. 279. 31 Refund for kind sold for direct tax in South Carolina 27.S, 234. 42 Bounty on sugar 9: 375, 130.88 Payment of Judgments, Court of Claims 719, 185. 62 Preventing the spread of ejiidemic diseases 185, 973. 02 Expenses of Treasury notes 266, 657. 15 Distinctive paper for United States securities 49, 890.47 Suppressing counterfeiting and other crimes 73, 501.42 Transportation and recoinago of coin 263,071. 07 Propagation, etc., food-fishes 319, 800. 65 Expenses \inder Smithsonian Institution 125, 9/0. 82 National Zoological Park 50, 390. 20 Contingent expenses, independent treasury 78, 192. 97 Sinking funds. Pacific railroads ^'^'''''^^^l}. Mail transportation. Pacific raUroads 1. 615, 229. 20 Refund of direct tax 810,315.65 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 139 Table K. — Statement of the Net Disbursements (by waekants) curing thu Fisc^sx Year ended 'June 30, 1893— Continued. MISCELLAKEOUS— Continned. District of Colnmbia : Expenses, 50 per cent payable by tlie United States.. $5, 490, 553. 91 "Water department, payable from the water fund 278, 45i. 57 Special trust funds 58, 516. 54 Kedemxition of District bonds 405, 156. 00 $6, 232, 681. 02 Buildings and grounds in Washington under Cliief Engineer 150, 860. 50 Fuel,liglils, etc.. State, "War, and Kavy Dei)artniont building 3S, 907. 96 Care, maintenance, etc., of \\'ashington Monument 11, 197. 34 Trenton Battle Monument 20. 000. 00 Support and treatment of destitute patients 18,999.96 "Weather Bureau 915, 879. 81 Department of Agriculture 2, 226, 000. 92 Deticiency in the pcstal revenues 5, 946, 795. 19 Caiiitol building and grounds 126, 0U6. 87 Building for Library of Congress 545, 000. 00 Interior Department building 7, 304. 06 Government Hospital for the Insane 298,583.22 Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 52,500. 00 Freedmen's Hosijitaland Asylum 47, 515. 55 Ho-svard University 29, 499. 37 National M useum 106, 414. 44 Colleges for agriculture and the mechanic arts 912, 000. 00 Surveying public lands 366, 966. 30 Contingent expenses, land offices 169, GOO. 04 Geological Survey 387, 296. 19 Expenses Eleventh Census 1, 172, 569. 66 Hot Springs Reservation, Arkansas 42, 113. 65 Deposits by individuals for surveying public lands 104, 949. 61 Eepaymon't for lands erroneously sold 50, 343. 67 Geological maps of the United States 47, 747. 45 Depredations on public tiiuber 14, 479. 50 Protecting public lands, timber, etc 118, 325. 40 Five, thr^e, and two per cent funds to States 247,604.58 Photolithographins for the Patent Oflice 112, 992. 58 Official Gazette, Patent Office 55, 969. 50 Payment of French spoliation claims 19, 776. 00 Miscellaneous items 318, 167. 99 Total miscellaneous 73, 521, 763. 60 FNTERIOE. DEPARTMENT. Indians 13,345,347.27 Pensions 159, 357, 557. 87 Total Interior Department 172, 702, 905. 14 MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT. Pay Department 12, 658, 224. 99 Pav Department, bounty and miscellaneous 956, 952. 18 Commissary Department 1, 608, 306. 37 Quartermaster's Department 7, 887. 325. 18 Medical Department 382. 459. 89 Ordnance Department 1, 342, 975. 56 Armories and arsenals 1, 774, 110. 90 Armament of fortifications 1, 710, 637. 32 Military Academy 227, 128. 65 Improving rivers and harbors 14, 799, 835. 98 Fortifications, etc 839, 732. 06 Construction of military posts, roads, etc 593, 443. 24 National cemeteries, roads, etc 208, 443. 20 Expenses of recruiting 120, 515.87 Contingencies of the Army 12, 074. 76 Si snal Service 36, 264. 44 Publication of Official Records of the War of the Rebellion 230, 900. 39 Support of national homes for disabled volunteer soldiers 3, 177, 741. 77 Support of Soldiers' Homo 162, 556. 39 Soldiers' Home permanent fund and interest account 203, 198. 06 Support of military prison. Fort Leavenworth, Kans 75, 533.28 Yellowstone National Park 44. 801. 40 Chickiimauga and Chattanooga National Park 191, 760. 83 Claims, reimbursements, reliefs, etc 384. 536. 97 Miscellaneous items 11, 704. 73 Total military establishment 49,641,773.47 140 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Table K.— Statement of the Net Disbursements (by warrants) during the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1893 — Coutiuiiecl. NAVAL ESTABLISHMENT. Pay, etc., of tho JTavy $7, 477, 857. 22 Deposit luurt 147,852.00 Contingent, Navy 10,909.97 Marine Corps 894,841.02 Naval Academy 211, 744. 63 Navigation 245, 617. 41 Ordiianco 449, 788. 29 Ennipuicnt 861,414.98 Yards and Docks 1, 209, 7G2. 70 iledicine and Siirscery 22.3, 916.40 Supplies and Accounts 1, 5U5, 843. 92 Cou-striictiou and Repair 994, 423. 28 Stoam Engineering 75.3, 8rAi. 34 Increa.scofthe Na%'y 15,030,226.74 International Naval Review 44, 539. i'i Miscellaneous items and reliefs 73, 420. 10 Total naval establisliment $30,136,084.43 Interest on the pul)lic debt 27, 264, 392. 18 Total net ordinary expenditures 383, 477, 054.49 Redemption of tbe public debt 389,530,044.50 Total expenditures 773,007,998.99 Balance in the Treasury June 30, 1893 738,467,555.07 Grand total 1,511,475,554.06 I EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 141 Table L. — Statement of the Net Receipts and Disbursements (by "War- rants) FOR the Quarter ended Sepember 30, 1893. EECEIPTS. Customs $39,459,843.52 Internal revenue 37, 112, 704. 07 Sales of public lands , 469, 405. 94 Tax on national banks 732, 325. 35 Kepaynient of interest by Pacific railroads 222, 732. 27 Customs fees, fines, penalties, and forfeitures 152, 251. 32 Fees — consular, letters patent, and lands 702, 409. 37 Proceeds of sales of Government property 63, 223. 45 Profits on coinage, etc .' 250, 032. 30 Miscellaneous 1, 705, 694. 31 Total net ordinary receipts 80, 870, 621. 90 Issues of public debt in excess of redemption 4, 194, 472. 00 Balance in the Treasury June 30, 1893 738, 467, 555. 07 Total 823,532,648.97 DISBTJPwSEMEXTS. Customs 5,527,051.16 Internal revenue 1, 222, 490. 95 Diplomatic 634,193.20 Treasury 14, 342, 600. 53 Judiciarv 1,433,162.09 Interior civil 3,001,705.20 Total civil and miscellaneous 26, 161, 263. 13 Indians 2, 990, 02„'. 94 Pensions 36,810,690.53 Military establi.slmient 16,008,090.21 Naval e'stablisbment 8, 738, 659. 49 Interest on tbe public debt 7,721,168.29 Total net ordinary expenditures 98, 430, 694. 59 Eedemption of public debt in excess of issue 18, 568, 020. 00 Balance in the Treasury September 30, 1893 706, P33, 934. 38 Total 823,532,048.97 142 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Table M. — Statejient of Receipts of t/ie United States from March 4, 1789, SO) FROM 1791 1793 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 179S 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843* 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1S55 1856 1857 1858 1859 18G0 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 Balance in tlio Treasury at commence- ment of year. $973, 783, 753, 1,151, 516 888, 1,021, 617, 2,161, 2,623, 3, 295, 5, 020, 4. 825, 4; 037, 3, 999, 4. 538, 9, 643, 9, 941, 3,848, 2, 672, 3, 502, 3, 862, 5, 196, 1, 727, 13, 106, 22, 033, 14, 989, 1, 478, 2, 079, 1, 198, 1, 681, 4, 237. 9, 463, 1,946, 5, 201, 6, 358, 6, 6C8, 5, 972, 5, 755, 6, 014, 4, 502, 2,011, 11, 702, 8, 892, 26, 749, 46, 708, 37, 327, 36, 801, 33, 157, 29, 963, 28, 685, 30, 521, 39, 186, 36, 742, 36, 194, 38, 261, 33, 079, 29,416, 32, 827, 35, 871, 40,158, 43, 338, 50, 261, 48, 591, 47, 777, 49, 108, 46, 802, 35,113, 33,193 32, 979, 30, 903, 46, 965, 36, 523, 134, 433 905. 75 444.51 661. 69 924. 17 442. 61 995. 42 899. 04 451.43 867. 77 311. 99 391. 00 697. 64 811.60 005. 26 388. 99 123.80 850. 07 809.96 056. 78 276. 57 305. 80 217. 41 542. CO 848. 63 592. 88 519. 19 465. 48 526.74 992. 38 461. 21 592. 24 427. 55 922. 81 597. 13 650. 43 686. 18 286. 10 435. 81 704. 79 539. 75 914. 45 777. 55 905. 31 858. 42 803. 96 436. 00 252. 69 196. 94 503. 68 163. 46 111. 08 979. 44 284. 74 829. 62 274. 81 959. 65 276. 43 612. 45 082. 69 753. 31 353. 25 860. 02 901. 09 073.41 072.13 229. 80 855. 00 334. 22 248. 60 530. 78 857. 83 304. 87 046. 13 738.-44 Customs. $4, 399, 3, 443, 4, 255 4,801, 5, 588, 6, 567, 7, 549 7, 106 6, 610, 9, 080, 10, 750, 12, 438, 10, 479 11, 098, 12, 936, 14, 667, 15, 845 16, 363, 7,-257, 8, 583, 13, 313, 8, 958 13, 224, 5, 998, 7, 282, 36, 306, 26, 283, 17, 176, 20, 283, 15, 005, 13, 004, 17, 589, 19, 088, 17, 878, 20, 098, 23, 341, 19, 712, 23, 205, 22,681, 21, 922, 24, 224, 28, 465, 29, 032, 16, 214, 19, 391, 23, 409, 11, 169, 16, 158, 23, 137, 13,499, 14, 487, 18, 187, 7, 046, 26, 183, 27, 528, 26, 712, 23,747, 31, 757, 28, 346, 39, 608, 49, 017, 47, 339, 58, 931, 64, 224, 53, 025, 64. 022, 63, 875, 41,789, 49, 565, 53, 187, 39, 582, 49, 056, 69, 059, 102, 316, 84, 928, 473. 09 070. 85 306. 56 065. 28 461. 26 987. 94 649. 65 061.93 449.31 932. 73 778. 93 235. 74 417.61 565. 33 487. 04 698. 17 521. 61 550. 58 506. 62 309. 31 222. 73 777. 53 623. 25 772.08 942, 22 874. 88 348. 49 385. 00 608. 76 612. 15 447.15 761. 94 433. 44 325. 71 713. 45 331. 77 283. 29 523. 64 965. 91 391. 39 441.'77 237. 24 508. 91 957. 15 310. 59 940. 53 290. 39 800. 36 924. 81 502. 17 216. 74 908. 76 843. 91 570. 94 112.70 667. 87 864. 66 070. 96 738. 82 680. 42 567. 92 326. 62 865. 52 190.27 794. 21 863. 50 905. 05 620. 90 824. 38 511.87 125. 64 397. 62 642. 40 152. 99 260. 60 Internal reve- nue. 1 $208, 942. 81 337, 705. 70 274, 089. 62 337, 755. 36 475, 289. 60 575, 491. 45 644, 357. 95 779, 136. 44 809, 390. 55 048, 033. 43 621,898.89 215, 179. 69 50, 941. 29 21,747.15 20, 101. 45 13, 051. 40 8, 190. 23 4,034.29 7, 430. 63 2, 295. 95 4, 903. 06 4,755. 04 1, 662, 984. 82 4, 678, 059. 07 5, 124, 708. 31 2, 678, 100. 77 955, 270. 20 229, 593. 63 106, 260. 53 09, 027. 63 67, 665. 71 34, 242. 17 34, 663. 37 25, 771. 35 21, 589. 93 19, 885. 68 17,451.54 14, 502. 74 12, 100. 62 6,933.51 11, 630. 65 2, 759. 00 4, 196. 09 10, 459. 48 370. 00 5, 493. 84 2, 467. 27 2, 553. 32 1, 682. 25 3,261.36 495. 00 103. 25 1, 777. 34 3, 517. 12 2, 897. 26 375. 00 375. 00 Direct tax. $734, 223. 97 534, 343. 38 206, 565. 44 71, 879. 20 50, 198. 44 21, 882. 91 55, 763. 86 34, 732. 56 19,159.21 7, 517. 31 12, 448. 68 7, 666. 66 859. 22 3, 805. 52 2, 219, 497. 36 2, 162, 673. 41 4,253,635.09 1, 834, 187. 04 264, 333. 36 83, 650. 78 31, 586. 82 29, 349. 05 20, 961. 56 10, 337. 71 6,201.96 2,330.85 6, 638. 76 2, 626. 90 2,218.81 11, 335. 05 16, 980. 59 10, 506. 01 6, 791. 13 394. 12 19.80 4, 263. 33 728. 79 1, 687. 70 Public lands. $4, 836. 13 83, 540. 60 11,963.11 755. 22 37, 640, 787. 95 109, 741. 134. 10 209, 464, 215. 25 1, 795, 331. 73 1, 485, 103. 61 475, 648. 96 1, 200, 573. 03 443.75 167, 726. 06 188, 628. 02 165, 675. 69 487, 526. 79 54u, 193. 80 765, 245. 73 466, 163. 27 647, 939. 06 442, 252. 33 696, 548. 82 1, 040, 237. 53 710, 427. 78 835, 655. 14 1, 135, 971. 09 1, 287, 959. 28 1, 717, 985. 03 1, 991, 226. 06 2, 606, 564. 77 3, 274, 422. 78 1, 635, 871. 61 1,212,966.46 1, 803, 581. 54 916. 523. 10 984, 418. 15 1, 216, 090. 56 1, 393, 785. 09 1, 495, 845. 26 1,018,308.75 1, 517, 175. 13 2, 329, 356. 14 3, 210, 815. 48 2, 623, 381. 03 3, 967, 682. 55 4, 857, 600. 69 14, 757, 600. 75 24, 877, 179. 86 6, 776, 236. 52 3, 730, 945. 66 7, 361, 576. 40 3, 411, 818. 63 1, 365, 627. 42 1, 335, 797. 52 898, 158. 18 2. 059, 939. 80 2, 077, 022. 30 2, 694, 452. 48 2, 498, 355. 20 3, 328, 642. 56 1, 688, 959. 55 1, 859, 894. 25 2, 352, 305. 30 2, 043, 239. 58 1, 667, 084. 99 8, 470. 798. 39 11, 497, 049. 07 8, 917, 644. 93 3, 829, 486. 64 3,513,715.87 1, 756, 687. 30 1, 778. 557. 71 870, 658. 54 152, 203. 77 167, 617. 17 588, 333. 29 996, 553. 31 Miscellaneoua. $10, 478. 10 9 918.65 21 410. 88 53 277. 97 28 317. 97 1,169 415. 98 399 139. 29 58 192. 81 86 187. 56 152 712. 10 345 649. 15 1,500 505. 86 131 945. 44 139 075. 53 40 382. 30 51 121. 86 38 550. 42 21 822. 85 62 162.57 84 476. 84 59 211. 22 126 165. 17 271 571. 00 164 399. 81 285 282. 84 273 782. 35 109 761. 08 57 617. 71 57 098. 42 61 338. 44 152 589. 43 452 957. 19 141 129.84 127 603. 60 130 451.81 94 588. 66 1,315 722. 83 65 126. 49 112 648. 55 73 227. 77 584 124. 05 270 410. 61 470 096. 67 480 812. 32 759 972. 13 2,245 902. 23 7,001 444.59 6,410 348. 45 979 939. 86 2,567 112.28 1,004 054. 75 451 995. 97 285 895. 92 1,075 419.70 361 453.68 289 950. 13 220 808. 30 612 610.69 685 379. 13 2,064 308. 21 1,185 166. 11 464 249. 40 988 081. 17 1,105 352. 74 827 731.40 1,116 190. 81 1,259 920. 88 1,352 029. 13 1,454 596.24 1,088 530. 25 1,023 515.31 915 327. 97 3,741 794. 38 30, 291 701. 86 25,441 556. 00 ' For the half year from EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 143 TO JuxE 30, 1898, BY Calexdar Yeaks to 1843 and by Fiscal Years (exoed juxe THAT TIME. 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 179G 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1603 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843* 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 Dividends. Net ordinary receipts. $8, 028. 00 33, 500. 00 303. 472. 00 160,000.00 160. 000. 09 80, 960. OO! 79, 920. 00 71, 040. 00 71, 040. 00 88, 800. 00 39, 960. 00 202, 426. 30 525, 000. 00 675, 000. 00 1,000,000.00 105.000.00 297, 5U0. 00 350, 000. 00 350, 000. 00 367, 500. 00 402, 500. 00 420, 000. 00 455, 000. 00 490, 000. 00 490, 000. 00 490. 000. 00 490, 000. 00 474, 985. 00 234, 349. 5C 506. 480. 82 292, 674. 67 $4, 409, 951. 3, 669, 960. 4, 652, 923. 5, 431, 004. 6, 114, 534. 8, 377, 529. 8, 688, 780. 7, 900, 495. 7, 546, 813. ■ 10, 848, 749. 12, 035, 330, 14, 995, 793. 11,064,097. 11,826,307. 13, 500, 693. 15,559,931. 16, 398, 019. ■17,060,061. 7, 773, 473. 9, 384, 214. 14, 422, 634. 9, 801, 132. 14, 340, 409. 11, 181, G25. 15, 006, 916. 47, 676, 985. 33, 099, 049. 21, 585, 171. 24, 603, 374. 17, 840, 669. 14, 573, 379. 20, 232, 427. .20, 540, 666. 19, 381, 212. 21, 840, 858. 25, 260, 434. 22,966,363. 24, 763, 629. 24, 827, 627. 24, 844, 116. 28, 526, 820. 31, 867, 450. 33, 948, 426. 21,791,935. 35, 430, 087. 50, 826, 796. 24, 954, 153. 26, 302, 561. 31, 482, 749. 19,480,115. 16, 860, 160. 19, 976, 197. 8,231,001. 29, 320, 707. 29, 970, 105. 29, 699, 967. 20,467,403. 35, 698, 699. 30, 721, 077. 43. 592, 888. 52, 555, 039. 49, 846, 81.5. 61, 587, 031. 73,800,341. 65, 359, 574. 74, 056, 699. 68, 965, 312. 40, 6,55, 365. 52, 777, 107. 56, 054, 599. 41, 476, 299. 51,919,261. 112,094,945. 243,412,971. 322, 031, 158. Interest. Premiums. $4, 800. 00] , 42, 800. 00! . 78, 675. 00 10, 125. 00 300. 00 85.79 11,541.74 08, 665. 16 207, 819. 14 412. 62 Ileeeipts from loans and Treasury notes. $361, 5, 102, 1, 797, 4, 007, 3, 396, 320, 70, 200, 5,000, 1, 565, 891. 34 498. 45 272. 01 9.50. 78 424.00 000. 00 000. 00 000. 00 000. 00 229. 24 Gross receipts. $32, 107. 64 686. 09 2, 750, 000. 00 40, 000. 00 71, 700. 83 666. 60 28, 365. 91 37, 080. OQ ^37, 065. 48 10, 5:0. 00 4, 264. 02 22.50 709, 357. 72 10, OOS. 00 33, 630. 90 68, 400. 00 602, 345. 44 21,174,101.01 11, 683, 446. 89 12, 837, 900. 00 26, 184. 135. 00 23, 377, 826. 00 35,220,671.40 9, 425, 084. 91 466, 723. 45 8, 353. 00 2, 291. 00 3, 000, 824. 13 "5, 000, 324. 00 5, 000, 000. 00 5, 000, 000. 00 2, 992, 989. 12, 716, 820. 3, 857, 276. 5, 589, 547. 13, 659, 317. 14, 808, 735. 12, 479, 708. 1, 877, 181. 28, 872, 399. 21, 256, 700. 28, 588, 750. 4, 045, 950. • 203, 400. 46, 300. 16, 350. 2, 001. 800. 200. 3, 900. 23, 717, 300. 28, 287, 500. 20, 776, 800. 41,861,709. 529, 092, 460. 776. 6S2, ;',(il. 1,128.873.945. 1,472,224,740. 45 00 00 00 00 00 00 6 00 00 00 00 00 00 74 50 5' 36 851, $4, 8. 6 9 12 12, 12 14, 11 11 13 15 16, 17 "7 12, 14 22 40 34 50, 57 33 21 24 20, 19: 20 20, 24 26. 25, 22, 24 24 24 28, 31 33 21 35 50 27 39 35 25 30 34 20 31 29 29 .55 56 59 47 52 49 61 73 65 74, 68 70, 81, 76 83 581 889, 393 805, 771, 342. 772, 458. 450. 195. 439. 855. 515. 758. 740, 329. 758, 780. 179, 170. 540, 813. 413, 978. 945, 455. 995, 793. 064, 097. 826, 307. 560, 693. 559, 931. 398. 019. 060, 661. 773. 473. 134,214. 422, 634. 639, 032. 524, 8U. 559, 536. 901, 237. 171,421. 833, 592. 593, 936. 605, 665. 881, 493. 573, 703. 232, 427. 540, 666. ■381, 212. 840, 858. 200, 434. 966, 363. 763, 629. 827, 627. 844,116. 526, 820. 867, 450. 948, 426. 791,935. 430, 087. 826, 796. 947, 142. 019, 382. 340, 025. 069, 662. 519,477. 784, 932. 782, 410. 198,555. 970, 105. 699, 967. 368,168. 992, 479. 796, 892. 649, 388. 762, 704. 893,115. 603, 404. 802, 343. .351, 374. 056, 899. 969, 212. 372, 665. 773, 965. 841,407. 371,640. 680 121. 379, 652. 461,017. 939, 345. TJnaTaU- able. 34' 95', 95', 63' 511 82' 661 $1, 889. 50 251 55! 10' 08l 19| 63, 288. 35 60' 82 1, 458, ' 841 37, 05 . 782. 93 , 469. 25 11, 188. 00 28, '36, 251. 90 06b.' 66 89, 45. 731. SO, 74'. 52 21'. 98 88 25 60' 18j 103, 301. 37 071 68 24| 57! 96 G4| 15, 408. 34 831 13! 11, 6, 9, 6, 110. 81 000. 01 210.40 095. 11 January 1 to June 30, 1843. 144 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Table M. — Statement of the Receipts of the United 18C6 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1870 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1880 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 Balance in tlie Treasury at commence- ment of year. $33, 033, 057. 89 160, 817, 099. 73 198, 076, 158, 936, 183,781, 177, 004, 138, 019, 134, 606, 150, 293, 178, 833, 172, 804, 149, 999, 214,887, 286, .591, 386, 832, 231,940, 280, 607, 275, 450, 374, 189, 424,941, 521, 794, 526, S48, 512, 851, 659, 449, 673. 399, 691,527, 726, 222, 778, 604, 437. 09 082. 87 985. 76 116.51 122.15 001.85 673. 41 339. 54 061. 32 377. 21 645. 88 453. 88 588. 65 064. 44 068. 37 903. 53 081. 98 403. 07 026. 26 755. 46 434. 36 099. 94 118. 18 403. 76 332. 60 339. 28 Customs. $179, 046, 651., 58 176, 417, 810. S3 164, 464, 180, 048, 194,538, 206, 270, 216, 370, 188, 089, 163, 103, 157, 167, 148, 071, 130, 956, 130, 170, 137, 250, 186, 522, 198, 159, 220, 410, 214, 706, 195, 067, 181, 471, 192, 905, 217, 286, 219,091, 223, 832, 229, 668, 219, 522, 177, 452, 203, 355, 599. 56 426. 63 374. 44 408. 05 286. 77 522. 70 833. 09 722. 35 984. 61 493. 07 680. 20 047. 70 004. 60 670. 02 730. 25 496. 93 489. 76 939. 34 023. 44 893. 13 173. 63 741. 69 584. 57 205. 23 964.15 016. 73 Internal revenue. $309, 226, 813. 42 266, 027, 537. 43 191,087, 158, 356, 184, 899, 143, 098, 130, 642, 113, 729, 102, 409, 110, 007, 116, 700, 118, 030, 110,581, 113,501, 124, 009, 135, 264, 146, 497, 144, 720, 121, 586. 112. 498; 110, 805, 118, 823, 124, 290, 130, 881, 142, 600. 145, 086, 153, 971, 161, 027, 589. 41 460. 86 756.49 153. 03 177. 72 314.14 784. 90 493. ,58 732. 03 407. 83 024.74 610. .58 373. 92 385. 51 595. 45 368. 98 072. 51 725. 54 936. 48 391.22 871.98 513. 92 705. 81 249. 44 072. 57 623. 93 Direct tax. $1,974,754.12 4, 200, 233. 70 1, 788, 145. 85 705, 085. 61 229, 102. 88 580, 355. 37 315, 254. 51 93, 798. 80 30.85 1, 516. 89 160, 141. 69 108, 156. 60 70, 720. 75 "i68,"239."94 32, 892. 05 1, 565. 82 Public lands. Miscellaneous. .$665,031.03 1, 163, 575. 76 1,348, 4,020, 3, 350, 2, 388, 2, 575, 2, 882, 1, 852, 1,413, 1, 129, 970, 1, 079, 924, 1, 010, 2, 201, 4, 7,53, 7, 955, 9, 810, 5, 705, 5, 630, 9, 254, 11, 202, 8, 038, 6, 3.58, 4, 029, 3, 261, 3, 182, 715. 41 344. 34 481.76 6 !6. 68 714. 19 312. 38 428. 93 640. 17 466. 95 253. 68 743. 37 781. 06 506. 60 803. 17 140. 37 804. 42 705. 01 980. 44 999. 34 286. 42 017. 23 651. 79 272. 51 535. 41 875. 58 089. 78 $29, 036, 314. 23 15, 037, 522. 15 17, 745, 13, 997, 12, 942, 22, 093, 15, 106, 17,101, 32, 575, 15,431, 24, 070, 30, 437, 15,614, 20, 58,5, 21, 978, 25, 154, 31,703, 30, 790, 21, 984, 24, 014, 20, 989, 20, 005, 24, 674, 24, 297, 24, 447, 23, 374, 20, 251, 18, 254, 403. 59 338. 65 118.30 541. 21 051. 23 270. 05 043. 32 915.31 602. 31 487. 42 728. 09 697. 49 525. 01 850. 98 042. 52 095. 02 881.89 055. 06 527. 86 814.84 446. 10 151.44 419. 74 457. 23 871. 94 898. 34 7, 131, 894, 301. 27 4,426,759,494.11 ■28,131,990.32 .286,949,606.88 729,378,072.98 *AmoTmt heretofore credited to the Treasurer aa KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. States From March 4, 1789, to Juxe 30, 1893, etc. — Continued. 145 u d a> 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 Dividends. $519, 949, 564. 38 462, 846, 679. 92 Xet ordinary receipts. 376, 434, 357, 188, 395, 959, 374,431, 364, 094, 322, 177, 299, 941, 284, 020, 2G0, 066, 281, 000, 257, 446, 272, 322, 333, 526, 360, 782, 403, 525. 398, 287, 348, 519, 323, 690, 336. 439, 371, 403, 379, 266, 387, 050, 403, 080, 392,612, 354, 937, 385, 819, 453. 255. 833. 104. 229. 673. 090. 771. 584. 042. 776. 136. 500. 292. 250. 581. 809. 706. 727. 277. 074. 058. S82. 447. 784. 628. Interest. J9,720,136.29 12,612,833,061.85 I I Premiums. $38, 083, 055. 68 27, 787, 330. 35 29, 203, 13,755, 15, 295, 8, 892, 9,412, 11,560, 5, 037, 3, 979, 4, 029, 405, 317, 1, 505, 029. 50 491. 12 643. 76 839. 95 637. 65 530. 89 665. 22 279. 69 280. 58 776. 58 102. 30 047. 63 110. 00 Eeceipts from loans and Treasury notes. $712, 851, 553. 05 640, 426, 910. 29 625,111,433. 238, 678, 081. 285, 474, 496. 268, 768, 523. 305, 047, 054. 214, 931, 017. 439, 272, 535. 387, 971, 556. 397,455,808. 348, 871, 749. 404, 581, 201. 792, 807, 043. 211, 814, 103. 113, 750, 534. 120, 945, 724. 555, 942, 564. 206, 877, 886. 245, 196, 303. 116,314,850. 154,440,000. 285, 016, 650. 245,111,350. 245, 293, 650. 373, 208, 857. 381,463,512. 347, 051, 585. Gross receipts. $1,270,884,173.11 1,131,060,920.56 1, 030, 609, 696, 652, 679, 548, 744, 675, 691, 630, 662, 1, 066, 545, 474, 524, 954, 555, 568, 452, 525, 664, 632, 618, 765, 736, 732, 749, 516. 621,828. 729, 973. 002, 468. 153, 921. 669, 221. 251, 291. 971, 607. 551,673. 278, 167. 345, 079. 634, 827. 340, 713. 532,826. 470, 974. 230, 145. 397, 755. 887, G09. 754, 577. 844, 177. 282, 724. 101, 408. 374, 632. 821, 305. 401, 296. 871, 214. Unavail- ablo. $172, 094. 29 721,827.93 2, 675, 918. 18 *2, 070. 73 -3, 396. 18 *18, 228. 35 *3, 047. 86 12, 691. 48 *1, 5C0. 00 47, 097. 05 7, 997. Gi •731. 11 485,224.45 204, 259, 220. 83 13,987,908,074. 59 26,805,486,181. 72 2, 714, 730. 19 unavailable and since recovered and charged to his account. Ab. 93 10 146 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Table N. — Stateiient of Expenditures of the United States from March 4, Junk 30, from Tear. 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1801 1862 1863 1864 AVar. $632 1, 100 1, 130, 2, 639, 2, 480, 1,260 1, 039, 2, 009, 2, 466, 2, 560 1, 672, 1, 179, 1, 1 2 3 2 2 11 19: 2o: 14: 16 8 5, G. 2, 4 3, 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 6 5 5, 11 13, 12: 8, 7, 8, 6 2, 5, 5, 10: 35 27: 14, 9: 12 8 9, 11 14 16, 19, 25 23 16 23, 389: 603 690 875, 712, 224: 288, 900 345 294, 032 817 652 350 794, 012, 004 622, 500, 630. 461 111 090. 340 659, 943, 948, 145: 724 707 841 440, 704 696, 759, 74' 68: 897, 916, 095, 801 610 908 218 746, 413 840, 688, 558 687 161 521 910, 722 648 963 159 079 154 472 001 173 314 391 Navy. 804. 03 702. 09 249. 08' 097. 59 910. 13 263. 84 402. 46 522. 30 946. 98 878. 77 944. 08 148. 25 055. 85 423. 93 781. 28 355. 38 685. 91 834. 40 772. 17 323. 94 828. 19 798. 24 013. 02 806. 80 291.22 096. SO 236. 53 715. 10 300. 37 392. 31 291. 78 981. 48 924. 43 939. So 914. 18 194.37 977. 88 544. 56 291. 07 128. 88 835. 55 034. 88 019. 10 189.38 156. 89 345. 25 730. 80 224. 16 995. 80 267. 23 610. 24 438. 02 671. 95 183. 06 291. 28 370. 58 030. 33 334.21 473. 26 024.58 905. 11 506. 19 498. 49 282. 87 074. 07 160. 51 150. 87 121.63 720. 53 202. 72 530. 67 562. 29 411.82 048. 66 $61, 410, 274, 382, 1,381, 2, 858, 3, 448, 2, 111, 915, 1, 215, 1,189, 1, 597, 1, 649, 1, 722, 1,884, 2, 427, 1, 654, 1, 965, 3,959 6, 446, 7,311, 8, 660, 3, 908, 3, 314, 2, 953, 3. 847, 4, 387, 3,319, 2, 224, 2, 503, 2, 904, 3, 049, 4, 218, 4, 263, 3,918 3, 308, 3, 239, 3, 856, 3,956 3,901 3, 950, 3,804, 5, 807, 6,646 6,131 6, 182, 6, 113, 6,001 8, 397, 3, 727, 6, 498, 6, 297, 6, 455, 7, 900, 9, 408, 9, 786, 7, 904, 8, 880, 8, 918, 11, 067, 10, 790, 13, 327, 14, 074, 12, 651, 14, 053, 14, 690, 11,514, 12, 387, 42, 640, 63, 261, 85, 704, 408. 97 562. 03 784. 04 631. 89 347. 76 081. 84 716. 03 424. 00 561.87 230.53 832. 75 500. 00 641. 44 064.47 067. 80 758. 80 244. 20 566. 39 365. 15 600. 10 290. 60 000. 25 278. 30 598. 49 695. 00 640. 42 990. 00 213. 06 458. 98 765. 83 581. 56 083. 80 902. 45 877. 45 786. 44 745.47 428. 63 183. 07 370. 29 350. 75 260. 42 939. 06 718. 23 914. 580. 53 294. 25 896. 89 070. 97 242. 95 711.53 199. 11 177. 89 013. 92 635. 76 476. 02 705. 92 724. 66 581. 38 842. 10 789. 53 096. 32 095. 11 834. 64 694. 61 264. 64 927. 90 649. 83 156. 52 353. 09 235. 31 963. 74 Indians. $27 ir 27 13 23 113 62 16, 20 9 94 60, 116 196 234 205 213 337 177 151 277 167 167 530 274 319 505 461 315 477 575 380, 429 724, 743 750, 705, 576, 622 930 1, 352 1, 802 1, 003 1,700 5,037 4, 348 5,504 2, 528, 2, 331 2, 514 1, 199 578, 1, 250, 1,539 1,027, 1, 430 1, 252 1,374 1,663 2, 829, 3, 043, 3, 880. 1,550 2, 772 2,644 4,354 4,978 3, 490, 2,991 2, 865 2. 327 3, 152 2, 629 , 000. 00 , 048. 85 , 282. 83 , 042. 46 , 475. 68 , 563. 98 , 396. 58 , 470. 09 , 302. 19 31.22 , 000. 00 , 000. 00 , 000. 00 , 500. 00 , 500. 00 , 200. 00 , 425. 00 , 575. 00 , 503. 84 , 625. 00 , 875. 00 , 845. 00 , 358. 28 , 394. 86 , 750. 00 , 512. 16 i, 463. 71 , 704. 27 , 181. 39 , 750. 01 , 005. 44 ,007.41 , 781. 82 , 987. 90l , 106. 44 , 447. 83 , 624. 88 , 084. 24 , 344. 74 , 262. 47 , 738. 04 ,419.75 , 980. 93 , 953. 20 ,444.48 , 022. 88 ;, 036. 19 , 191. 34 , 917. 28 , 794. 86 , 837. 12 , 099. 68 , 371. 00 , 532. 39 , 351. 35 , 693. 64 ,411.30 ,296.81 , 161. 55 ,591.47 ', 801. 77 , 576. 04 , 494. 12 , 339. 55 , 990. 78 , 263. 97 ,418.87 , 266. 18 i, 534. 53 ,121.54' ,481.17j , 948. 37 , 032. 70 , 975. 97 Pensions. $175 109 80 81 68 100 92 104 95 C4 73 85, 62, so: 81 81 70, 82 87 83 75: 91 86 90 69, 188, 297 890, 2, 415 3, 208 242 1, 948^ 1,780 1, 499, 1, 308 1, 556 976 850 949, 1,363 1, 170, 1,184, 4, 589 3, 364 1,954 2, 882, 2, 672 2, 156 3,142, 2,603 2, 388, 1, 378 839, 2, 032, 2, 400 1,811 1,744 1,227, 1,328 1, 866 2, 293 2,401 1, 756 1, 232 1,477 1, 296 1,310 1,219 1 222 1,' 100! 1,034 852 1, 078, 4, 985, 813. 88 243. 15 087. 81 399. 24 673. 22 843.71 256. 97 845. 33 444. 03 130. 73 533. 37 440. 39 902. 10 092. 80 854. 59 875. 53 500. 00 576.04 833. 54 744.16 043. 88 402. 10 989, 91 164. 36 656. 06 804. 15 374. 43 719. 90 939. 85 376. 31 817. 25 199. 40 588. 52 326.59 810. 57 593. 83 138. 86 573. 57 594. 47 297. 31 665. 14 422. 40 152. 40 285. 30 711. 32 797. 96 162. 45 057. 29 750. 51 562.17 434. 51 931. 33 041. 12 008. 99 788. 11 097. 56 883. 63 496. 48 867. 64 886. 02 377. 22 858. 78 306. 20 665. 00 612.33 229. 65 380. 58 768. 30 222. 71 802. 32 599. 73 170. 47 513. 36 473. 90 Miscellaneous. $1, 083, 4, 672, 511, 750, 1, 378, 801, 1, 259, 1, 139, 1, 039, 1, 337, 1, 114, 1,462, 1, 842, 2,191, 3, 768, 2, 890, 1, 697, 1, 423, 1, 215, 1, 101, 1, 367, 1. 683, 1, 729, 2, 208, 2, 898, 2, 989, 3,518, ' 3,835, 3, 067, 2, 592, 2, 223, 1, 967, 2, 022, 7, 155, 2,748, 2, 600, 2, 713, 3, 676, 3, 082, 3, 237, 3, 064, 4, 577, 5, 716, 4,404, 4, 229, 5, 393, 9, 893, 7, 160, 5, 725, 5, 995, 6, 490, 6, 775, 3, 202, 5, 645, 5, 911, 6,711, 6, 885, 5, 650, 12, 885, 16, 043, 17, 888, 17, 504, 17, 463, 20, 672, 24, 090, 31,794 28, 505, 26, 400, 23, 797, 27, 977, 23, 327, 21, 385, 23, 198, 27,572, 971. 61 664. 38 451.01 350.74 920. 66 847.58 422.62 524. 94 391.68 613. 22 768. 45 929. 40 635. 76 009. 43 598. 75 137. 01 897. 51 285. 61 803. 79 144.98 291. 40 088. 21 435. 61 029. 70 870. 47 741. 17 936. 76 839.51 211.41 021. 94 121.54 990. 24 093. 99 308. 81 544. 89 177. 79 476. 58 052. 04 234. 65 416. 04 646. 10 141. 45 245.93 728. 95 698. 53 279. 72 370. 27 664. 76 990. 89 398. 96 881. 45 624. 61 713. 00 183. 86 760. 98 283. 89 608. 35 851. 25 334. 24 763. 36 992. 18 171.45 068. 01 144. 68 425. 43 038. 87 498. 77 016. 42 544. 40 978. 30 287. 69 862. 59 382. 37 216. 87 * Tor the half year from REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 147 1789, TO JuxE 30, 1893, by Caxekdar Yeaks to 1843 axd by Fisc.\x Years, ended THAT TIME. Tear. 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 181] 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843' 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1800 1861 1862 1863 1864 ISTet ordinary ex- penditures. Premiums. $1 919, 5 896, 1 749, 3 545, 4 362, 2 551, 2 830, 4 651, 6 480, 7 411, 4 981, 3 737, 4 002, 4 452, 6 357, € 080, 4 984, 6 504, 7 414, 5 311, 5 592, 17 829, 28 082, 39 127, 2G 953, 23 373, 15 454, 13 808, IG 300, 13 134. 10 723, 9 827, 9 784 15 330 11 490 13 002 12 653 13 296 12 641 13 229 13 864 16 516, 22 713 18 425 17 514 30 808 37 243 33 849 26 496 24 139 26 190 24 361 11 256 20 650 21 895. 26 418, 53 801, 45 227, 39 933, 37 165, 44 054, 40 389 44 078, 51 967, 56 316, 66 772, 66 041, 72 330, 66 355, 60 056, 62 616, 456 379, 694 004, 811 283, 589.52.. 258. 47 . . 070. 731. . 299.00 -. 541.72 .. 303.15'.. 110. 52L. 710.42'.. 1GG.72I.. 369.97.. 669.90.. 079.91 .. 824.24.- 858.91J.. 234 62 .. 209.36.. 572.89 .. 338.85.. 672.141.- 082. 28 . . 604. 86 . . 498. 70 . . 396.92 .. 686. 36 . . 571. 00 . . 432. 58 . . 009. 92 . . 673. 78 . . 273. 44 . . 530. 57 . . 479. 07 . . 643. 51 . . 154.59.. 144.711.. 459.94.. 316.27 .. 095.65'.. 041.45'.. 210.40'.. 533. 33 067. 90 , 388. 77 755. 11 417.25 950. 28 164. 04 214. 24 718.08 948. 73 920. ll! 840. 29' 336. 59' 508. 60| 108. Oil 369. 61 459. 59 569. 37 454. 77 542. 61 990. 09 717. 66 954. 56 156. 35 528. 42 197. 72 527. 64 143. 70 437. 17 950. 07 754. 71 055. 78 896. 81i 575. 56' 679. 14' $18, 231. 43 82,865.81 69, 7i3. 19 170, 063. 42 420,498.64 2, 877, 818. 69 872, 047. 39 385, 372. CO 363, 572. 39 574, 443. 08 Interest. $1, 177, 2,373, 2, 097, 2,752, 2, 947, 3,239, 3, 172, 2, 955, 2,815, 3,402, 4,411, 4, 239, 3, 949, 4,185, 2, 657, 3. 368, 3. 369, 2, 557, 2, 866, 3,163, 2,585, 2, 451, 3, 599, 4, 593, 5, 990, 7, 822, 4, 530. 6, 209^ 5,211. 5,151, 5, 120, 5, 172, 4, 922, 4, 943, 4,366, 3, 975, 3, 486, 3, 098, 2, 542. 1, 912, 1, 373, 772, 303, 202, 57, Public debt. 863. 03 611.28 859. 17 523. 04 059. 06 347. €8 516.73 875. 90 651. 41 601. 04 830. 06 172.16 462. 36 048. 74 114.22 968. 26 578. 48 074. 23 074. 90 671.09 435. 57 272.57 455. 22 239. 04 090. 24 923. 34 282. 55 954. 03 730. 50 004. 32 073. 79 788. 79 475. 40 557. 93 757.40 542. 95 071. 51 800. 60 843. 23 574. 93 748. 74 561. 50 796. 87 152.98 803. 08 693, 2, 633, 2, 743, 2,841, 2, 577, 2, 617, 976, 1, 706, 1, 138, 2, 879, 5, 294, 3, 306, 3,977, 4, 583, 5, 572, 2, 938, 7,701, 3, 586, 4, 835, 5, 414, 1, 998, 7, 508, 3, 307, 6, 638, 17, 048, 20, 886, 15, 086, 2, 492. 3,477, 3,241, 2, 676, 607, 11, 624, 7, 728, 7, 005, 6,517, 9, 064, 9, 860, 9,443, 14, 800, 17, 067, 1, 239, 5, 974, 984. 23 050.25 048. 07 771. 13 639. 37 126. 01 250.12 032.09 578. 84 563. 11 876. 98 235.24 697. 07 200. 07 900. 63 018. 64 141.62 288. 96 479.26 241. 12 564. 43 349, 88 668. 22 304. 90 832. 11 139. 59 753. 57 247. 59 195. 73 489. 96 019. 83 160. 33 541. 01 835. 83 587. 38 539. 24 596. 88 C37. 47 304. 77 173. 29 629. 48 747. 79 746. 51 412.21 328. 20 Gross expendi- tures. 14, 399, 174, 284, 773, 523, 1, 833, 1, 040, 842, 1,119, 2, 390, 3, 505, 3, 782, 3, 696, 4, 000, 3, 665, 3, 070, 2,314, 1,953, 1, 593, 1, 652. 2, 637, 3,144, 4, 034, 13, 190, 24, 729, 53, 685, 996. 48 833. 89 598. 08 977. 55 549. 85 583. 91 452.13 458. 18 723. 27 214. 72 765. 88 535. 78 393. 03 760. 75 297. SO 832. 74 926. 69 464. 99 822. 37 265. 23 055. 67 649. 70 120. 94 157.30 344.84 700. 62 421. 69 January 1 to June 30, 1843. 21, 5, 590, 10, 718. 3,912, 5,315, 7,80], 338, 11, 158, 7, 536, 371, 5, 600, 13, 030, 12. 804, 3, 6,">G, 654, 2, 152, 6, 412, 17, 556, 6, 662, 3, 614, 3, 276, 7, 505, 14, 685, 13, 854. 18, 737, 96, 097, 181,081, 430, 572, 822. 91 723. 79 153. 53 015. 621 712. 19 990. 09; 012.64 450.71 349. 49 100. 04 067. 65 922. 54 478. 54 335. 14| 912.71 293. 05 574.01 896. 95 065. 86 618. 66 606. 05 250. 82 043. 15 250. 00 100. 00 322. 09 635. 07 014. 03 $3 8 C, 9 10 8, 8 8 11 11 12, 13 11 12 13 15 11 16 13 13, 13, 22 39^ 38: 39 48, 40, 35 24 21 19, 1 15, 31 23 24, 22 25 25 24 30 34 24, 24, 17 30 37 39 3 28, 31 32 12 33 30 27 60 60, 50 4 48, 46 54, 75 66 72, 71 82, 83 77, 85, 565 899 1, 295 , 797, 436. 78 , 962, 920. 00 , 479, 977. 97 ,041,593.17 , 151, 240. 15 , 367, 776. 84 , 625, 877. 37 , 583, 618. 41 , 002. 396. 97 , 952, 534. 12 , 273, 376. 94 , 270, 487. 31 , 258, 983. 67 ,615,113.72 , 598, 309. 47 ,021,196.26 , 292, 292. 99 i, 762, 702. 04 , 867, 226. 30 , 309, 994. 49 , 592, 604. 86 , 279, 121. 15 , 190, 520. 36 :, 028, 230. 32 , 582, 493. 35 , 244, 495. 51 , 877, 646. 04 , 104, 875. 40 , O04, 199. 73 , 703, 024. 85 , 090, 572. 69 , 676, 592. 63 ,314,171.00 , 898, 538. 47 , 585, 804. 72 , 103, 398. 46| , 656, 764. 04' ,459,479.52; ,04-4,358.40 , 585, 281. 55 , 038, 446. 12, , 356, 698. 06 :, 257, 298. 49 ,601,982.44 ,573,141.56 , 868. 164. 04 , 265, 037. 15 , 455, 438. 35 , 614, 936. 15 , 226, 533. 81 , 797, 530. 03 , 936, 876. 53 , 118, 105. 15 , 642, 010. 85 , 490, 408. 71 , 632, 282. 90 , 520, 851. 74 ,655,143.19 , 386, 422. 74 , 604, 718. 26 , 476, 104. 31 , 712, 608. 83 , 577, 061. 74 , 473, 170. 75 , 164. 775. 96 , 726, 341. 57 , 274, 587. 37 , 062, 186. 74 , 678, 642. 92 , 055, 125. 65 , 387, 313. 08 , 667, 563. 74 , 815, 911. 25 , 541, 114. 86 Balance in Treasury at the end of the year. $973, 783, 753, 1,151, 516, 888, 1, 021, 617, 2, 161, 2,623, 3, 295, 5, 020, 4,825, 4,037, 3, 999, 4,538, 9,643, 9, 941, 3,848, 2, 672, 3, 502, 3, 862, 5, 196, 1,727, 13, 106, 22, 033, 14, 989, 1,478, 2, 079, 1,198, 1, 681, 4, 237, 9, 463, 1, 946, 5, 201, 6, 358, 6, 668, 5, 972. 5, 755, 6, 014. 4, 502, 2,011, 11,702, 8, 892, 26, 749, 46, 708, 37, 327, 36, 891, 33. 157, 29, 963, 28, 685, 30,521, 39, 186, 36, 742, 36, 194, 38, 261, 33, 079, 29, 416. 32. 827, 35,871, 40. 158, 43, 338, 50, 261, 48, 591, 47,777, 49, 108, 46, 802, 35, 113, 33, 193, 32, 979, 30, 963, 46, 965, 36, 523, 134, 433, 905. 75 444.51 661. 69 924. 17 442. 61 995. 42 899. 04 451. 43 867.77 311. 99 391. 00 697.64 811. 60 005. 26 388. 99 123. 80 850. 07 809. 96 056. 78 276. 57 305. 80 217. 41 542. 00 848. 63 592.88 519. 19 465. 48 526. 74 992. 38 461.21 592.24 427.55 922. 81 597.13 650. 43 686. 18 286. 10 435. 81 704. 79 539. 75 914. 45 777. 55 905. 31 858. 42 803. 96 436. 00 252. 69 196. 94 503. 68 163. 46 111.08 979. 44 284. 74 829. 62 274. 81 959. 65 276. 43 612. 45 082. 69 753. 31 353. 25 860. 02 901. 09 073. 41 672. 13 229. 80 855. 00 334. 22 248. 60 530. 78 857. 83 304. 87 046. 13 738. 44 148 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Table N. — Statement of the Expenditures of the United Tear. War. Navy. Indians. Pensions. Miscellaneous. 1865 $1,030,690,400.06 283,154,676.06 $122,617,434.07 43, 285, 602. 00 $5, 059, 360. 71 3, 295, 729. 32 $16, 347, 621. 34 15, 605, 519. 88 $42, 989, 383. 10 40,613,114.17 1866 3, 568, 638, 312. 28 *3, 621, 780. 07 717, 551, 816. 39 *77, 992. 17 103,369,211.42 *53, 286. 61 119, 007, 656. 01 *9, 737. 87 643, 604. 554. 33 *718, 769. 52 1867 3, 572, 260, 092. 35 95, 224, 415. 63 123, 246, 648. 62 78, 501, 990. 61 57, 655, 675. 40 35, 799, 991. 82 35, 372, 157. 20 46, 323, 138. 31 42, 313, 927. 22 41^120,645.98 38, 070, 888. 64 37, 082, 735. 90 32,154,147.85 40, 425, 660. 73 38,116,916.22 40, 460, 460. 55 43, 570, 494. 19 48, 911, 382. 93 39, 429, 603. 36 42, 670, 578. 47 34, 324, 152. 74 38, 561, 025. 85 38, 522, 436. 11 44, 435, 270. 85 44, 582, 838. 08 48, 720, 065. 01 46, 895, 456. 30 49, 641, 773. 47 717, 629, 808. 56 31,034,011.04 25, 775, 502. 72 20, 000, 757. 97 21, 780, 229. 87 19, 431, 027. 21 21, 249, 809. 99 23, 526, 256. 79 30, 932, 587. 42 21, 497, 626. 27 18,963,309.82 14, 959, 935. 36 17,365,301.37 15, 125, 126. 84 13, 536, 984. 74 15, 686, 671. 66 15, 032, 040. 26 15, 283, 437. 17 17, 292, 601. 44 16, 021, 079. 67 13, 907, 887. 74 15, 141, 126. 80 16, 926, 437. 65 21, 378, 809. 31 22, 006, 206. 24 26,113,896.46 29,174,138.98 30, 136, 084. 43 103, 422, 498. 03 4, 642, 531. 77 4, 100, 682. 32 7, 042, 923. 06 119, 617, 393. 83 20, 936, 551. 71 23, 782, 386. 78 28.476.621.78 644, 323, 323. 85 51, 110, 223. 72 53, 009, 867. 67 56, 474, 061. 53 53,237,461.56 60,481.916.23 60, 984, 757. 42 73, 328, 110. 06 85, 141, 593. 61 71, 070, 702. 98 73,599,661.04 58, 926, 532. 53 58,177,703.57 63, 741, 555. 49 54, 713, 529. 76 1868 1869 1870 3, 407, 938. 15 28, 340, 202. 17 7, 426, 997. 44 34, 443, 894. 88 7, 061, 728. 82 28, 533, 402. 76 7, 951, 704. 88 29, 359, 426. 86 6, 692, 462. 09, 29, 038, 414. 66 8, 384, 056. 82 29, 456, 216. 22 5, 966, 558. 17 28, 257, 395. 69 5, 277, 007. 22 27, 963, 752. 27 4, 629, 280. 28 27, 137, 019. 08 5, 200, 109. 08 35. 121 . 482. 39 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 18S0 5, 945, 457. 09 56, 777, 174. 44 1881 6, 514, 161. 09 9, 736, 747. 40 7, 362, 590. 34 6, 475, 999. 29 6, 552, 494. 63 6, 099, 158. 17 0, 194, 522. 69 6, 249, 307. 87 6, 892, 207. 78 6, 708, 046. 67 8, 527, 469. 01 11, 150, 577. 67 13, 345, 347. 27 50, 059, 279. 62 64, 416, 324. 71 1882 61,345,193.95 66, 012, 573. 64 55, 429, 228. 06 56,102,267.49 63, 404, 864. 03 75, 029, 101. 79 80, 288, 508. 77 87, 624, 779. 11 106, 936, 855. 07 124, 415, 951. 40 134, 583, 052. 79 159, 357, 557. 87 57,219,750.98 68, 678, 022. 21 70, 920, 433. 70 87, 494, 258. 38 74, 166, 929. 85 85, 284, 825. 59 72, 952, 260. 80 80, 664, 064. 26 81, 403, 256. 49 110, 048, 167. 49 99,841,988.61 103, 732, 799. 27j 1883 188-t 1885 1886 . . . . 1887 1888 1883 1890 1891 1892 1893 Total 4, 874, 400, 570. 39 1, 266, 908, 699. 78 288, 967, 165. 101, 067, 830, 549. 16|2, 572, 124, 083. 36J * Outstajiding Note.— This statement is made from ^rarrants paid by the Treasurer up to June 30, 1866. The REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. States from Marcu 4, 1789, to Juxe 30, 1893, etc. — Continued. 149 Year. Xet ordinary ex- penditui^es. rremiums. 1865 $1, 217, 704, 190. 28 $1, 717, 900. 11 ISeO 385, 954, 731. 43! 58, 470. 51 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1S90 1891 1S92 1893 Interest. Public debt. Gross expendi- tures . $77,395,090.30 $609, 616, 141. 08 $1,906,433, 331.37 .$33,933,657.89 133,007,624.91 620,203,249.10' 1,139,344,081.95 165,301,654.76 Balance in Treasury at the end of the year. 5, 152, 771, 550. 43 7, Oil, 003. 56 502, 689, 519. 2^ 2, 374, 077, 103. 12 *4, 481, 566. 24 *2, 888. 481 *100. 31 5, 157, 202, 229, 190, 104, 157, 153, 180, 194, 171, 164, 144, 134, 161, 1G9, 177, 186, 200, 189, 208, -.91, 220, 214, 240, 261, 317, 321, 356, 253, 116. 947, 733. 915, 088. 496, 354. 421, 507. 583, 827. 201, 856. 488, 636. 118,985. 529, 848. 857,813. 209, 963. 463 452. 619, 934. OPO, 062. 142, 897. 904, 232. 248, 006. 547, 865. 840, 678. 002, 992. 190, 602. 938, 951. 995, 131. 637, 202. 825, 549. 645,214. 213, 562. C7i 7, 8710, 611. 003. 561 813, 349. 38 001,151.04 674, GSO. 05 996, 555. 60l 016, 794. 74! 958. 266. 76l 105, 919. 99 395, 073. 55 15... 53!... 25| 2, 63 1, 78'... 23'... 85|-.. 64... 795, 320. 42 061, 248. 78 53.. 20 3lil7, 55 20, 10, 270, 842. 46 292, 362. 65 304, 224. 00 401, 220. 61 502, 692, 407. 143,781,591. 140, 424, 045. 130. 694, 242. 129, 235, 498. 125, 576, 565. 117, 357, 839. 104, 750, 688. 107,119,815. 103, 093. 544. 100,243,271. 97, 124, 511. 102, 500, 874. 105, 327, 949. 95, 757, 575. 82, 508, 741. 71, 077, 206. 59, 160, 131. 54, 578, 378. 51, 386, 256. 50, 580, 145. 47, 741, 577. 44, 715. 007. 41, 001, 484. 30, 099, 284. 75 2, 374, 735, 692, 261, 393, 399, 405. 233, 422, 407, 449, 323, 353, 699, 432, 165, 271, 590, 260, 37, 547, 135. 23,378,116. 27, 264, 392. 181 389, 47- 211, 205 271, 249, 318, 312, 3G5, 338, 677, 203. 43 536, 980. 11 549, 685. 88 912, 718. 31 254, 282. 13 503, 670. 65 007, 307. 54 099, 352. 58 065, 060. 23 377. 492. 48 345, 272. 80 965, 424. 05 676, 944. 90 445, 809. 16 590, 280. 41 152, 335. 05 646, 209. 55 083, 829. 96 520, 690. 50 760, 353. 43 216, 709. 36 901,321.15 760, 258. 05 922,412.35 206, 367. 50 352, 470. 87 995, 958. 98 530, 044. 50 8, 037, 749, 176. 38 *4, 484, 555. 03 8, 042, 233, 1, 093, 079, 1, 069. 889, 584, 777, 702, 907, 691, 680, 682, 525, 524, 044, 724, 698, 682, 000, 714, 446, 565, 299, 590, 641, 966, 393, 700, 233, 425, 865, 529, 627, 855,491, 504, 646, 471, 987, 447, 699, 539, 833, 517, 685, 618, 211, 630, 247, 731, 126, 684, 019, 773, 007, *4, 484, 555. 03 731.41 655. 27 970. 74 996. 11 842. 88 858. 90 270.21 597. 91 933. 99 885. 32 357. 39 898. 91 271.70 692. 69; 238. 19 222. 64 739. 12! 967. 50 934. 83 288. 54 847. 86 501. 12 059. 18 390. 60 078. 16 376. 22 289. 56 998. 99 160, 817, 198, 076, 158,936. 183, 781, 177, 604, 138, 019, 134, 666, 159, 293. 178, 833, 172, 804, 149, 909. 214, 887, 286, 591, 386, 832, 231, 940, 280, 607, 275, 450, 374, 189, 424, 941, 521, 794, 526, 848, 512,851, 659, 449, 673, 399, eel. 527, 726, 222, 778, 604, 738, 467, C99. 73 537. 00 082. 87 985. 76 116.51 122. 15 001.85 673. 41 339. 54 061. 32 377.21 645. 88 453. 88 588. 65 064. 44 668. 37 903. 53 081.98 403.07 026. 26 755. 46 434. 36 090. 94 118. 18 403. 76 332. 60 339. 28 555. 07 10, 670, 231, 067. 79 125,698,013.65 2,732.718,278. 59 12,535,656,535. 01 26, 064, 303, 805. 94 ■warrants. outstanding warrants are then added, and the statement is by warrants issued from that date, 150 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Table O. — Statejient of the Receipts and Disbursements by United States Assistant Treasurers during the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1893. BALTTMOEE. Balance Juno so, 1892 $13,979,288.37 iSECEIPTS. On account of customs $4,569,966.68 Ou account of internal rovenuo 998.82 On account of gold certificates, series 1888 515, 000. 00 On account of certificates of deposit, act of June 8, 1872 7, 82«, 000. 00 On account of semiannual duty — . 13, 237.55 Onaccotintof PostOffice Department 425,403.23 On account of transfers. Treasurer's general account 6, 622, 547. 86 On account of disbursing officers 3, 098, 276. 09 On account of tlie Secretary of the Treasury 4,557.19 On account of transfer account of tbe Treasurer Unit'Cd States 1, 542, 091. 33 On account of repayments ■ 40, 415. 80 On account of redemption and exchange 8, 894, 127.50 On account of miscellaneous 5, 480. 30 33, 552, 162. 35 DISBUESEMENTS. 47,531,450.72 On account of Treasury drafts U 379,086.91 On account of interest 414, 964. 50 On account of redemption and exchange 8, 905, 937. 50 On account of gold certificates, series 1888 740,000.00 On account of transfers 10, 617, 000. 00 On account of the Secretary of the Treasury 3, 887. 89 On account of certificates of deposit, act of June 8, 1872 9, 050, 000. 00 On account of Post-Offiee drafts 414.356.07 On account of disbursing oificers 3,103,002.56 On account of transfer account of Treasurer TTnitod States 707, 348. 53 On account of miscellaneons 6. 00 38, 936. 189. 96 Balance June 30, 1893 8,595,260.76 BOSTON. Balance June 30, 1892 $9,123,152.22 EECEIPTS. On account of customs $18, 143, 914. 91 On account of certificates of deposit, act of Juno S, 1872 2, 740, 000. 00 On account of Post-Office Department 3, 481, 224. 11 On account of transfers : Treasurer's 28,024,085.53 Standard dollars 2,428,800.00 On account of patent fees 6, 457.75 On account of disbursing officers 30, 092, 007. 66 On account of semiannual duty 132,264.22 On account of the Secretary of the Treasury 9, 259. 06 On account of redemption and exchange 11, 366, 126. 00 On account of miscellaneous 1,729,110.25 98, 153, 249. 49 107, 281, 401. 71 DISBURSEMENTS. On account of Treasury drafts $20. 381,432,47 On account of Post-Office drafts 3, 554, 154. 67 Ou account of disbursing officers 30, 375, 440. 79 On account of interest ^ 2, 434, 114. 48 On account of redemption and exchange 9, 745, 155. 00 On account of the Secretary of the Treasury 8,956.08 On account of transfers 25, 210, 479. 39 On accoun t of United States notes mutilated 4, 705, Oil. 00 On account of certificates of deposit, act of June 8, 1872 2, 595, 000. 00 On account of fractional currency (silver and minor coins) redeemed. . 1, 643, 691. 00 On account of miscellaneous 5,455.52 100,658,890.40 Balance June 30, 1893 6,622,511.31 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 151 Table O. — Receipts and Disbuksejiexts, etc. — Continued. CHICAGO. Balance June 30, 1892 $13,409,153.47 RECEIPTS. On account of custom 3 $10,838,402.50 On account of internal revenue 1, 145, OIC. 77 On account of sales of public lands _3, 5Go. 24 On account of gold certificates 570. 000. 00 On account of certificate of deposit, act June 8, 1872 900. 000. 00 On account of Post-Oftice Department 7,837,732.43 On account of transfers : Treasurer's 49,955,274.09 Standard dollars 4,887,605.00 On account of patent fees 3, 351. 00 On account of disbursing officers 20,700,622.20 On account of semiannual duty 17, 405. 71 On account of the Secretary of tlie Treasury 14, 473. 01 On account of payments 2.58, 855. 41 On account of redemption and exchange 9, 397, 260. 00 On account of miscellaneous 105, 250. 48 100,694.820.84 120: 103, 974. 31 DISBUESEMEXTS. On account of Treasury drafts .$23,672,807.33 On account of I'ostOftice drafts 7,788,574.38 On account of dLsbursing officers 20, 05S, 130. 88 On account of gold certiticates 744, 000. 00 On account of the Secretary of the Treasury 19. 110. 20 On account of interest ' 450, 74i. 59 On account of redemption and exchange 9, 292, 823. 00 On uccoimt of gold certificates, scries 1883 3, 185, 000. 00 On account of silver certificates 6,171,000.00 On account of transfers 30,792,977.20 On account of United States notes rantilated 4,701,000.00 On account of certificates of deposit, act of June 8, 1872 2, 680, 000. 00 110,156,164.58 9, 917, 809. 73 Balance June 30, 1893 120,103,974.31 CUSXIKN'ATI. Balance June 30. 1892 $14, 989, 370. C9 RECEIPTS. On account of cu.stoms $2,463,090.96 On account of internal revenue 620, 779. 58 On account of Treasury notes 1, 041, 000. 00 On account of certificates r-!' deposit, act June 8, 1872 650, COO. 00 On account of semiannual duty 2.3, 001. 52 On account of PostOflice Department 2,702, 514,47 On account of patent fees 176.20 On account of transfers, Treasurer's general account 10. 708, 057. 09 On account of disbursing officers 2, 388, 890. 58 On account of the .Secretary of tlie Treasury 15. 465. 16 On account of transfer account of Treasurer United States 4, 055, 199. 82 On account of repayments 8, ;'.03. 84 On account of redemption and exchange 3, 763, 501. 03 On account of miscellaneous 147, 100. 89 28, 603, 864. 74 DISBUESEMEXTS. 43, 653, 241. 73 On accountof Treasury drafts $2,559,304.00 On account of interest 496,931.29 On account of redemption and exchange 2, 572, 819. 00 On account of gold certificates 548, 000. 00 On a(;count of tran.sfers 13, 130, 018. 95 On account of United States notes mutilated 2, 7s8, 000. 00 On account of certificates of deposit, act of Juno 8,1872 1, 170,000.00 On account of Tost-Office drafts 2,803,952.11 On account of disbursing officers 2, 367, 598. 06 On account of transfer account of Treasurer United States 7,538,515.07 On account of fractioual currency (silver and miuor coins) redeemed 1,190,955.63 On account of miscellaneous 17, 997. 96 37, 184, 092. 07 Balance Juno 30, 1893 6 469,149.66 152 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Table O. — Reckipts and Disbursements, etc. — Coutiuued. NEW ORLEANS. Balance June 30, 1892 $22,048,149.73 HECEIPTS. On account of customs $2, 041, 974. 68 On account of internal revenue 7r)8, 983. 72 On account of sales of public lands 58,491.34 On account of semiannual duty 16, 760. 70 On account of Post-Offico Department 1,208,890.97 On account of patent fees 320.00 On account of transfers, Treasurer's general account 19, 232, 557. 21 On account of disbursing ofticers 4, 963, 878. 74 On account of assay office, bullion 1,260.39 On account of the iSocretary of the Treasury 3, 025. 52 On account of transfer account of Treasurer United States 2,9.54,108.71 On account of repayments 36, 1 17. 38 On account of redemption and exchange 3, 931, 030. 00 On account of miscellaneous 15i 612. 83 35, 223, 138. 19 57, 271, 287. 92 DISBORSEMENTS. On account of tbo Secretary of the Treasury 2,754.37 On account Tieasury drafts 14, 437, 008. 39 On account of interest 92,491.12 On account of redemption and exchange 3,931,030.00 On account of gold certificates 1, 020, 500. 00 On .account of transfers 4, 878, 503. 50 On account of United States notes mutilated 1,036,000.00 On account of silver certificates mutilated 1, 332. 000,00 On account of Post-Officc drafts 1,200,742.18 On account of disbursing officers 4, 855, 200. 23 On account of transfer account of Treasurer United States 117, 107. 17 On account of national-bank notes 761, 000. 00 On account of Treasury notes, 1890 280,000.00 33, 950, 435. 96 Balance June 30, 1893 23,320,851.96 NEW TOKK. Balance June 30, 1892 $118,222,977.69 KECEIPTS. On account of customs $142, 625, 839. 94 On account of internal revenue 61, 831. 45 On account of gold certificates 2, 825, 000. 00 On account of certificates of deposit, .act of June 8, 1872 15, 910, 000. 00 On account of semiannual duty 168, 539. 02 On account of Post-Oftlce Department 15, 411, 936. 51 On account of p.atcntfees : 2,247.50 On account of transfers. Treasurer's general account 227, 442, 432. 51 On account of standard silver dollars 3, 905, 575. 00 On account of disbursing officers 259, 070, 213. 68 On account of ass.ij- office : Ordinarv expenses 183, 694. 15 Bullion 'fund , 16,530,959.70 On account of Secretary of the Treasury 32, 194.11 On account of tr.insfer account of Treasurer United States 62, 719, 053. 37 On account of interest 25, 680, 159. 45 On account of redemption and exchange 312,173,593.72 On account of miscellaneous 2, 859, 254. 05 On account of Pacific Kailroad bonds purchased 1, 977, 017. 11 On account of special customs deposits 170, 871, 059. 90 ^ 1,261,050,601.17 1,379,273,578. 86 ' ilEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 153 Table O. — Receipts and Disbursements, etc, — Coutiuned. DISBURSEMENTS. On aecountof Treasury drafts $i;71, 787, 048. 91 On account of interest' 25, 680, 159. 45 On account of redemption and excliange 312, 308, 637. 72 On account of gold cert ificates 43, IIG, 800. 00 On account of United States notes mutilated 50,483,010.00 On account of ccrtiflcrttes of deposit, act of Juno 8, 1872 26, 315, 000. 00 On aecountof PostOffice drafts 15,876,551.88 On account of disbursing officers 213, 535,835.40 On account of assay office : Ordinary expenses 169, 768. 79 Bullion 'fund 14,127.818.21 On account of Pacific Eaiiroad bonds purchased 1, 977.017. 11 On account of special customs deposits 170, 892, 661.48 On account of Treasury notes of 1890 mntilnted 27, 920, 020. 00 On account of silver certificates mutilated 54, 100, 007. 00 On account of national-bank notes redeemed 2, 582, 000.00 On account of fractional paper currency redeemed 923. 00 On account of transfer acccount of Treasurer United States 59, 013, 391. 31 $1,289,952,650.32 Balance June 30, 1893 .' 89,320,928.54 PHILADELPHIA. Balance June 30, 1892 $24,475,545.58 r."CEIPTS. On account of customs $11, 402, 330. 03 On account of transfer account Treasiirer United States ... 5, 218, 097. 05 On account of special deposit account of the Secretarj^ of the Treas- ury of the United States 2, 150. 95 On a'ccouut of certificates, act of June 8, 1 872 13, 890, 000. CO On account of Post-Office Department 4, 015, 140. 86 On account of transfers of funds 38, 688, 858. 26 On account of patent fees 1, 327. 70 On account of disbursing officers 24, 585, 222. 95 On account of redemi)tion and exchange 23,046,626.00 On account of semiannual duty 68, 283.42 On account of gold certificates, series of 1888 1,310, COO. 00 On account of suspense account 1, 311.71 On account of miscellaneous 1, 245, 508.33 124, 074, 857. 26 148, 550, 402. 84 DISBURSEMENTS. On account of Treasury drafts $23, 695, 623. 01 On account of PostOflice drafts 4, 108, 400. 94 On account of disbursing accounts 24, 601, 832. 03 On account of redemption and exchange 23, 770, 561. 00 On account of special deposit account of the Secretary of the Treas- niy of the United States 7, 682. 07 On account of interest coupons and interest checks 1,433, 148. 12 On account of transfer account, Treasurer United States 1, 354, 561. 83 On account of transfers of funds 27, 187, 000. 05 On account of miscellaneous 6, 275. 22 On account of certificates of deposit, act of June 8, 1872 17, 720,000.00 On account of gold certificates, series of 1888 5,590.000.00 On account of suspense account 1,311.71 129, 386, 445. 9.-- Balance June 30, 1893 19, 163, 956. tin 154 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. * Table O. — Rkceipts and Disbursements, etc. — Contiuued. ST. LOUIS. Balance Jiiue 30, 1892 $23, 793, 713. 33 RECEIPTS. On acrotint of custonii? $2, 234,498.90 Ou accoimt of iiitcrnal revenue 23, 300. 94 On accoimt of sales of public landa 44, 665. 55 On account of certificates of deposit, act of June 8, 1872 255,000.00 On account of semiannual duty 4, 634. 09 On accoun t of PostOffice Department 2, 685, 13C. 95 On account of paten t fees 2, 303. 90 On account of transfers. Treasurer's general account 35, 292, 555. 80 On account of disbursing officers 26,527,955.33 On account of assay office: Ordinary expenses 5, 892. 32 Bullion 700,000.00 On account of the Secretary of the Treasury 31, 283. 90 On account of tr.insfer account of Treasurer United States 2, 477, 340. 77 On account of suspense account 262. 00 On account of repayments 247, 111. 65 Ou account of redei'nptiou and exchange 8, 286, 773. 75 Ou account of miscellaueous ". 132, 992. 46 78, 951 , 708. 31 102, 745, 421. 64 DISBUESEMEXTS. On account of Treasury drafts $26, 057, 112. 73 On account of interest' 207, 291. 00 On account of redemption and exchange '. 8, 277, 403.75 On account of transfers 13, 481, 373. 84 On account of U. S. notes mutilated 984,000.00 On account of certificates of deposit, act of June 8, 1872 210, COO. 00 On account of post-office drafts 2, 653, 595. 33 On account of disbursing officers 25, 248, 076. 04 On account of assay office : Ordinary exjienses 5, 933.28 Bullion 723, 236. 89 On account of transfer account of Treasurer United States 390,733,53 On account of the Secretary of the Treasury 34, 765. 21 On account of suspense account T 262. 00 78, 333, 783. 60 Balance June 30, 1893 24, 411, 638. 04 SAX FRAXCISCO. Balance June 30, 1892 $74,260,162.57 BECEIPTS. On account of customs $8,589, 287.79 On account of internal re venue 407, 755. 75 On account of sales of public lands 459, Oil. 26 On account of gold certificates of 1888 7,665,000.00 On account of I'ost-Office Department 1, 360, 654. 23 On account of transfers : Treasurer's 6, 828, 439. 96 Standard dollars 970, 100. 00 On account of patent fees 13, 214. 65 On account of disbursing officers 12, 268, 782. 16 On account of semiannual duty 5, 435. 40 On account of the Sccretai-y of the Treasury 13, 427. 89 On account of Treasurer's transfer accouut 1, 119, 200. 03 On account of fractional silver coin 1, 001, 993. 00 On account of miscellaneous 393, 862. 47 41, 096, 764, 59 115, 356, 927. 16 DISBCSSEMENTS. On account of Treasury drafts $15, 851, 034. 89 On account of post-office drafts 1, 385, 464.07 On account of disbursing officers 12, 423, 852. 87 On accouut of dollars 983, 485. 00 On account of interest ! 170,220.25 On account of national-bank notes 150,000,00 On account of gold certificates of 1888 8, 215, 000. 00 On account of fractional silver coin 997, 008. 00 On account of transfers 25, 202, 899. 50 On account of Secret.ary of the Treasury 15^ 738. 40 On account of Treasurer a transfer accouut 31, 206. 83 65, 425, 909. 81 Balance June 30, 1893 49, 931, 017. 35 KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 155 •sat'jmnn-B jtranBrajad 9onpojd 'jiiaa jad q ?b pa -t)gaAn! 'qotqAv ejunoiur jmv ptBd AnBtiuuB St unao jad S qoiqAi uo eajujg pajiuQ 9qj Aq ^snjj nt p[aq ^uuouiy • '• 1 « ■ o> '• t- • in • a ' : " uajoBJTjqo 'juan'Brajad v jo BaijtitqBii iBnum; jo janouzY $50, 000. 00 3,000.00 9, 600. 00 920. 00 10,512.89 •^nara.^Bd aqj ^09.59 oj AjBssaoau Autj^napiom eai^ -muuB pajinitt Aed b; eiWA JO jaqranu pa4imr[ v guunp pa.itnb9.i 9q niAi. g.'Bqj 8uot;B -tidojddE ojujnj jo 9jbS9j§S v CO § s v-1 ■panmjnoostp 9q o^ aiq-Bt^ jnq 'paAiOdB Aioa oinjj oj SB ajtuggpui saotjB[udrjs ;aam o:) AiBssaoan iunoui^ [Bnuay $11, 000. 00 4, 500. 00 2, 500. 00 i Eeference to laws. Statutes at Large. Vol.l5,p.5S4,§10 ....do Vol.15, p.585, §14 ....do .— 1 ITS ft g pl 1—* C-'-ia. cT^ P-_; '^'v^S!'-' 2 ■"! " "^ p.i>"o ?:^ "' "^ r^ "S" f» rt x^S") 3 '' ^ h a © a-S 2 a a_,- ll ^ p» a p. Four installments, Tinappropri- ated, at $30,000 each. Tenth article treaty of October 21, 1867. Fourteenth article treaty of Oc- tobei 21,1867. ......do ll * .^ a « -3 00 u s . m §i < One installment, of $22, U6G.C0, due . Second article treaty of Nov. 10, 1805, $3,000; thirteenth artirlo treaty of Oct. 18, 1820, $000; second article treaty of Jan. 20, 1825, $0, 000. Sixth article treaty of Oct. 18, 1820; ninth article treaty of Jan. 20, 1825. 1 of 1 3 a § a .*» .5* OD Thirty installments, provided to be expended iinder the tenth article treaty of October 21, 1867. Purchase of elothin "■ Pay of carpenter, farmer, blacksmith, miller, and engineer. Pay of physi(^ian and teacher Tliirty installments, provided to be expended under tenth article treaty of October 28, 1867. Piir'nli.nsn of rlolliiiifi' snmn iirtirlc^ Pay of physician, carpenter, farmer, black- smith, miller, engineer, and teaclier. Interest on$l,000,OOUat Spercent per annum. Permanent annnitv in n'onds Forty installments: in money, $10,000.66; goods, $8,00('; and for purposes of utility, $4,000. Permanent .innnities CI tr X 1 .1 1 Pi Interest on $390,257.92, articles 10 and 13, treaty of January 22, 1855. 1 N m a c P -«1 and Comanchea. Do d Cheyennos and Arapahoes. Do c )a Cliippewas, Pilla- ger and Lake AVinnebagoshish Choctaws p e R 156 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. a o O W n 55 O H CO CO Q w H »-( t3 O CO M H h-S M < H CO « H a H o H S s H H < H CO H •s.TijiunuB juauBuuod ainpojd '4(193 .lad o jb pa -jsoAui 'qaiqAV. ejuno'uiB puB 'piBd Ahbuuub et juao .lod e qoiqAS. no sajBis pa;in^-i^ oq; Aq !jsn.n ui p[aq ^auoiuY o c o c o c: o c C) c c c 275, 108. 00 2, 000, 000. 00 •jaiOB.icqo juouBrajad b jo sajmil^U iBuauB JO junomy $1, 500. 00 3, 000. 00 1, 110. 00 600. 00 10, 000. 00 13, 758. 40 100,000.00 •ifuaraABd aq:( ^aajfa o^ jJjT;ssa3an AuBiuapiont eaji -inuuB pajnuii ABd'o; ejBaA jb jaqraun pa'jnnt^ b SnT.inp pajuiba.! aq [ijAi. ^Bqj sriottB -ijdojddi; aju^'nj jo ojBSaj'Sg y o o o irj" •panntijnooetp aq o^ 9iqi3TX ^nq 'paAiOHB Aiou 9tnr:> oj bb oiiugapui KuotjBindije ^aara o:j' Aausea'oan iauoraB iBnnay $810. 00 270. 00 000. 00 1,000.00 2, 00(1. 00 4, 500. 00 1, 500. CO Keferenco to laws. Statutes at Large. 1 z z If. cocr5S;S2| g S l« ' . - -_ — ' — -^i -t: o'o'o'op'o'g "o "o '"^ ?-i in !0 ..■5 > CO i P^ "o a . 5-2 - O © CQ CO fl a =« GO |l 12; Thirteen installments of .$8,000 each, un.ippropriated. Tre.qtvof Aucr. 7. 1790 s. oc , c •e c ■>> t Treaty of January 24, 1826 Treaty of January 24, 1826, and August 7, 18,iG. Treaty of February 14, 1833, and treaty of August 7, 1856. Expended under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior. AetM.arcli 1 18SD Treaty of May 7, 1808; live install- ments, of $15,000 each, duo, esti- mated. Treaty of May 7, 1868 Tlstimated at. Description of annuities, etc. Fifteen installments of $8,000 each, under 6th article, agreement of March 26, 1887, ratified by act of March 3, 1891. Permanent .annuities c c a T C c 'a V E a: +3 a U "3 Allowance, during the pleasure of the Presi- dent, for blacksmiths, assistants, shops, .and tools, iron and steel, wagon-maker, educa- tion, and assistants in agricultural opera- tions, etc. Interest on $200,000 hold in trust, sixtharticlo treaty August 7, 1856. Intere.ston $275, 168 held in trust, third article treaty June 14, 1886, to bo expended under thedirection of the Secretary of the Interior. Interest on .$2,000,000 at 5 percent per annum . For suii])lying male i)ersons over fourteen years of ago with a suit of good substantial woolen clothinr; ; females over twelve years of age a flannel skirt or goods to make tho same, a pair of woolen hose, calico, and do- mestic; and boys and girls under the ages named such flannel aiid cotton goods as their necessities may require. For pay of physician, carpenter, miller, engi- neer, farmer, and blacksmith. 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P,;2 t.<« -^ -^ g Jo d <^"-' r^ a «■« -gs •g 1^ C3 Ch 00" 1 m:z •3 -M « Sets a n C3 C3 -Mte- « a 1: ^ .3 tA K ^'Ss<"« •h <-; ^-^t^^o c= d S V-. to -w 8 ia°^^ '-3 i fssfri 1 5 « So o-S-^ P MM H ^ S I '^ 1 a J 5 f^ 'fcj -«-» c '•-^ (M tc a ■ 00 •S fi °s H g -pS ^ ^ CI < REPORT OF THE SECEETARY OF THE TREASURY. 161 o a p 00 faCO C 00 r-! ;« ^ o < c^ H ^^ »-^ 5^ O P a '-i CO Q :£ M a a (1 'A a b O ti f^ < ^ u >< b S^ - — ;a H Q n Esi S5 ?» »H 1— 1 Ul W P n Ed ;2; 03 o W !-H P P a « p H o U3 r-2 cc a x Q bi /; < L-i rA7 S5 O < D «>4 a y^ H •A H a /h a v^ ejl O M O a yi O < ?? h »H S^ril e,i ^H <=. a H -«) H W D^ Lo cT cT 1 rT cc" t-^ cf c- r t-^ cT cT ::; o cs •-< o o o o L-* »^ c i o .— Ii— ('MCCCX)C5i-KC> OOOO CI -^ t— I 00 1-* ;;rH CD 00 to M t~ ■M =: O c-l OM -ni v: lO o ir^ o o lO ir^ t- = «-H c- OOCJ e-Jo O 00 O O O — f lO iri t^ ^ CTin r-1 M-W 00 rH «■ r-< cTt-^ OtO c--* o o oo o o o o c; o o o o o r-l O o o o o o o o o o H rt 00 ct"»rr o o o o o o o o m OOOO OOOO o '^ a; o -^H^o'o o o o rj Cl O J'l -^ o lO CO OOOO OOOO t- L- t- O 1— 'irTcTcf r-l O ',0 Ci o b- ;d o o o o o o o lO -r 00 XI o I" CO tD 00 o O O O !-< rn" 00 cT r^ CT rj-" ^ CI C: "-f iC i-H o rH '"' - I o c; o o oo o t- o -r o •O .-I lf5 »C iC IC L-^ cc O rH 00 -^ t> 00 O C5 lO ■r':'"croi'r-I'oo' Ci 00 O Tfl ^^ t> cc o cc — « o Lc -^' t- in cc o ir- -rji t- re i-H lO 00 O CI TT I-H I> ^-H CI C'f cT V^ — ^ t-^ " cT in «^ »-( CI 00 -H t* ^ lo 00 '^ Xi O CD 00 CI t-- i-H C3 o: lO f-H CO 00 t-'^O cfx'co'ocrcr in in CD' r4 ,-.CD Oi cc cc o L-C5 ' oi '-f m oo o 2 ^ t^ t~ t^ CO 5 00 00 oo oc oo OJ rH rH i-t rH i-H o o C3C5 oco '^ 00 o cc o cc oo CO FH rr. tn n m in ^ OJ a; o o o- M !-. tn 1- Ol o 4) 4) 11 1-1 m ffi QQ aj 00 o o o o o o a ;i s a a a OC A 00 OO (S CC o © q; ® oj a; -*J -^ ,^ -*J -M 4i, c? rt rt rt cl rt ni "^"^ "^"^ n3 O O Q >!) 1^ ^3^ -t-j +* *j >ii ^j +j *3'S"S'3*3"3 O-H CX) c;o — I 002 » « (» 'P 'u 'u (» o o - 00 CO g CD oft* m ^ C9 O O'C o o » CO CO < CO 00 c 2 ^ ic o > cg-c _ _ '-C *-5 "^ ^ ® O © [T o o o S t- t- h " a; W C'l a o tc 3 CO iS '^. O •^ d -^ r-5 o o t- o ■a o 1^ o O Ji CJ.« ©^ "^ . © o" o" < 3 © S ;- 3 ' «W CO -- (« 3J g2 © a. 2 "n.2.2.2 S m CO' - - ^J3 J.2 B T-; -^ -^ .+3 CO y .r-. S a 3 -*^ to 00 -^ v. vi V. '-O © o o © © c; © a a a a d a a ©©©©©©© ■rt tH t" tH t- tl (J t^ (_, U J-. fc- t^ t-« 3 3 3 3 3 3 u u u © u u © I— 1 1— » I— « ^^ i-^ »-H »^ ed ct Cw 03 c3 n c£ cQ 3 H g g g a g o o o o o o o o u © o © © © rt c3 tS n c3 cS c3 ^ 'r^ L- t^ E-4 U t-« PH r^ f=< f^ PH p^ P^ O » H E © © o P4 o •3 -3 ■3 © "3 P ■3 © •3 o c o cS © <1 162 EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Table R. — Statement or United States Bonds and other Obligations Received AND ISSUED BY THE OFFICE OP THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY FROM NOVEM- BER 1, 1892, TO OCTOBER 31, 1803. Title of loan. EeceiTCil for jexchaugo and transfer. Loan of robruary 8, 1861 5.20 bontLs of ISCi', act of February 25, 1862. . , C per cent bonds, acts of July 17, and August 5,1861 Bonds issued to I'acilic railroads, acts of July 1, 1862, and July 2, lS6i '$12, 169, 000. 00 Gold certificates, act of March 3, 1863 Gold certificates, scries of 1888 , 10.40 bonds of 1801, act of March 3, 1804 5.20 bonds of Juno 30, 180f 7.30 notes of ISCi and 1805, acts of June 30. 1884, and March 3, 1805, etc Consols of 1805, act of March 3, 1805 Consols of 1807, act of ISIarch 3, 18G5 Consols of 1808, act of March 3, 1865 Pundfdloau of 1891, 4iper cent, acts of July 14,1870, and January 20, 1871 Funded loan of 19U7, 4 per cent, acts of July 14, 1S70, and January 20, 1871 Certificates of deposit, act of June 8, 1872 3i per cent bonds, acts of July 17 and August '5,1801 3i per cent bonds, acts of July 14, 1870, and "January 20, 1871 3 per cent bonds, act of July 12, 1882 Funded loan of 1891, continued at 2 percent. Received for redemption. $1, 000. 30, 200. Issued. 7,000.00', Total 79, 421, 500. 00 2, 633, 350. 00 94, 223, 850. 00 2, 800, 23, 165, 000. 1 000. 10,000. 1,200. 5, 000. 25, 000. 26, 650. ,'$12,169,000.00 '.00 00! 8, 545. 000. 00 COI 00 347, 850. 00 22, 970, 000. 20, 000. 1, 000, 2, 050. 46, 622, 950. 00 Total. 79,442,150.00 55,915,000.00 2,633,350.00 $1,000.00 30, 200. 00 7, 600. 00 24, 338, 000. CO 2,800.00 31, 710, 000. 00 1, 000. 00 16, 000. 00 1, 200. 00 5, 600. 00 25, 000. 00 26, 650. 00 347, 850. Oa 158, 863, 650. 00 78, 885, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 1, 000. 00 2, 050. 00 5, 260, 700. 00 158,704,500.00.299, 551, 300. 00 3?A.I>EIIS ACCOMPANYIA^G REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. EEPOET OF THE TEEASUEEE. Treasury of the United States, Washington, D. C, J)eceml)er 1, 1S93. Sir : I baye the lionor to submit tlie annual report on tlie operations and condition ot the Treasury. The marked dimiiintion of the free available balance, by "which is meant the assets in excess of the coin, bullion, and United States notes held iu the Treasury against certificates of deposit and Treasury notes, is, of course, due to an excess of disbursements over receipts, -which arose chiefly from the deficiency in the net ordinary revenues. This deficiency, during the twelve months ending September 30, amounted to $21,731,050.12, a sum very nearly equal to the loss in the free balance, as is shown by the following statement of the net revenues and expenditures and of the free Treasury balance for the five quarters ending with September: Eud of quarter. Kevenues. Expenditures. Surplus. Deficieucy. Free Treasury balance. 1892. SeTitember $101,155,641.13 93, 573, 260. 33 100, 019, 023. 83 91, 071, 703. 49 79,379,417.59 $96, 162, 026. 38 94, 240, 804. 59 100,850,881.59 92, 224, 241. 93 98, 459, 127. 25 $4, 993, 014. 75 $171,034,964.43 170, 313, 967. 40 165, 340, 330. 20 161 944,735.58 December $667, 544. 26 831, 857. 76 1, 152, 538. 44 19, 079, 709. 66 1893. March September 149, 322, 792. 88 Total 465, 199, 040. 37 481,937,081.74 4, 993, 614. 75 21, 731, 650. 12 16,738,035.37 Net 1 163 164 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE The condition of the Treasury has excited an nuusaal decree of inter- est, and perhaps more on account of the loss of gokl ^'hich it sustained than for any other reason. This loss, affecting", or threatening to affect, as it did, the soundness of the money of the country, as well as the abil- ity of the Treasury to meet its obligations, is peril aps the most conspic- uous and noteworthy event of the past months. Concerning its causes there is doubtless room for much speculation and wide ditferences of opinion ; but to whatever origin they may be ascribed, their direct man- ifestation at the counters of the Treasury was chiefly in the form of demands for the redemption of United States notes and Treasury notes in gold. At the end of September, 1888, the Treasury held $332,551,306 of gold, the largest amount ever recorded at the end of any month, and $197,713,116 of free gold. This last, however, was less than it had been at the end of March, in the same year, when it stood at $218,818,253, the highest point ever reached. Up to the end of last October the lowest i)oints touched since the highest was reached were on the 19th of that month, when the total gold was $160,703,584 and the free gold was $81,551,385. In April of the present year, for the first time since the gold reserve reached the sum of $100,000,000, it fell below that figure, and on the 14th of the month the issue of gold certificates was susiiended, in accordance with the proviso in section 12 of the act of Congress approved July 12, 1882. This requirement of law, which was intended to protect the gold reserve, was not gcjierally known to exist, and when the occasion for its application arose its object was not widely under- stood. It becomes effectual, of course, through the preference of the i:)eople for paper over coin, in consequence of which there is always a more or less i)rououuced tendency toward the flow of gold into the Treasury. In ordinary times and with most classes of people there is not much choice as to the paper received in exchange, whether gold certificates or legal tender notes; but in times of financial disturbance and amongst those who handle most money, there is a preference for the certificates. The chief danger to the Treasury in such seasons is, perhaps, that certificates v>ill be obtained by presenting notes for redemption in gold and redepositing the gold. With the issue of gold certificates suspended, this danger is averted and whatever gold comes to the Treasury for exchange is paid for in notes and is an addition to the reserve. A table in the appendix shows the amount of gold in the Treasury at the end of each month since June, 1878, the amount of gold certifi- cates in the Treasury and in circulation, and the net gold or reserve. The following table, which is an expansion of the last part of the other, exhibits the condition of the Treasury with respect to its hold- ings of gold at the end of three nearly equal xDcriods in each month from the end of May, 1892, when the loss of the metal began to be rapid, to the end of October, 1893 : REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 165 Date. 1892. MaySl June 10 June 20 June 30 Julyg Jury20 JulySO August 10 August 20 August 31 Septeniljer 10 September 20 September DO October 10 October 20 October 31 November 10 if ovember 19 November 30 December 10 December 20 December 31 1803. January 10 January 19 January 31 February 10 ... 1 February 20 February 23 March 10 Marcli 20 ilarchSl AprillO April 20 April 29 Miiy 10 May 20 May 31 June 10 June 20 June30 July 10 July 20 July 31 August 10 August 19 Auguit 31 Scpteniber9 September 20 September 30 OctoberlO October 20 October 31 Total gold in Treasurj-. $271, ■ 269, 261, 255, 250, 250, 247, 246, 244, 242 24o! 240, 240, 241, 242, 244, 246, 248, 247, 240, 238, 238, 527, 091. 86 462, 769. 67 579, 139. 52 577, 705. 23 748, 196. 43 732, 089. 96 306, 220. 66 184, 794. 71 287, 050. 95 543, 693. 63 228, 370. 01 167,338.17 605, 908. 58 816, 593. 37 870, 082. 09 261, 408. 91 937, 513. 82 329,726. 00 598, 465. 89 724, 380. 52 841, 1C3. CO 359, 801. 29 237, 448, 237, 891, 228, 827, 226, 356, 220, 893, 217, 672, 210, 875, 219, 808, ^18, J ibj 216, 433, 210, 874, 202, 283, 203, 022, 202, 257, 196,518, 190, 481, 191, 367, 188, 455, 188, 779, 188, 756, 186, 813, 18G, 282, 179, 498, 176,423, 178, 24G, 174, 775, 173, 209, 168, 443, 160, 904, 163, 274, 372. 04 568. 88 532. 53 868. 95 047. 14 947. 91 237. 40 303. SO 232. G9 583. 33 230. 44 359. 08 684. 76 408. 59 609. 76 877. 18 709. 75 432. 59 016. 14 609. 60 962. 98 914. 35 045. 27 172.44 159. 58 321.73 771. 16 707. 34 248. 35 171.26 Certificates in Treasury. $14,470,520 17, 040, 610 25, 205, 190 15, 363, 590 16, 583, 040 17, 956, 910 17, 738, 500 20, 574, 760 22, 396, 260 23, 817, 210 26, 688, 690 28, 143, 6G0 25, 345, 590 27, 503, 085 27, 146, 670 23, 181, 990 21, 578, 790 19, 232, 670 19, 632, 830 21, 147, 430 23, 347, 220 24, 254, 750 19, 800, 810 16, 010, 870 15, 729, 770 22, 000, 150 10, 760, 410 7, 7S2, 260 5, 247, 070 6, 175, 870 5, 135, 430 6,301,810 5, 202, 260 8, 888, 310 5, 495, 020 6, 322, 680 3, 324, 670 827, 820 752, 780 1, 071, 170 156,550 226,610 93, 710 3, 573, 765 4, 084, 290 565, 370 168, 279 199, 050 129, 220 212. 120 453, 220 115, 860 Certificates in circulation. $157, 295, 209 154, 552, 119 146, 454, 539 141, 235, 339 1.39, 676, 939 138, 187, 269 136, 861, 829 134, 025, 529 132, 608, 429 128, 387, 379 126, 009, 399 123, 606, 679 121, 210, 399 119, 413, 754 119, 441, 169 120, 255, 349 122, 303, 699 124, 728, 269 123, 188, 809 121,319,209 119, 556, 969 117, 093, 139 117, 750, 679 121, 702, 969 120, 045, 819 114, 429, 189 113, 664, 579 114, 388, 729 114, 572, 419 113, 232. 719 111,486,009 110. 243. 929 109, 870, 929 105,272,029 103, 797, 019 102, 282, 309 101, 469, 969 99, 758, 919 97, 317, 459 92, 970, 019 91, 492, 339 90, 707, 529 87,611,020 82, 419, 624 81, 187, 799 80, 414, 049 80, 195, 690 79, 935, 619 79, 627. 599 79, 544, 699 79, 203, 599 78, 889, 309 Net gold ia Treasury. $114, lU, 115, 114, 111, 112, 110, 112, 111, 114, 114, 116, 119, 122, 123, 124, 124, 123, 124, 125, 119, 121, 231, 882. 86 910, 650. 67 124, 600. 52 342, 306. 23 071, 257. 43 544, 820. 96 444, 391. 66 159, 265. 71 678, 621. 95 156, 316. 63 218, 971. 01 560, 659. 17 395, 509. 58 402, 839. 37 428, 913. 69 006,119.91 633, 814. 82 601, 457. CO 409, 656. 89 405, 171. 52 284, 194. 00 266, 662. 29 119, 697, 116, 188. 108. 181, 111,927, 107, 228, 103, 284, 102, 302, 108, 575, 106, 892, 106,189, 101, 003, 97, Oil, 99, 225, 99, 975, 95, 048, 90, 722, 94, 050, 95, 485, 97, 286, 97, 989, 99, 202, 103, 863, 98, 310, 96, 009, 98, 050, 94, 839, 93, 582, 86, 899, 81, 700, 84, 384, 693. 04 599.88 713. 53 679. 95 4G8. 14 218. 91 818. 40 584.90 223. 93 654. 33 301.44 330. 08 665. 76 099. 59 640. 76 958. 18 310. 75 413. 59 677. 14 080. CO 933. 98 290. 35 246. 27 123.44 469. 53 702. 73 172. 16 008. 34 649. 35 862. 26 A full statement of tlie aggregate receipts and payments of gold on all accounts would doubtless be interesting and perhaps instructive, but tlie compilation of tlie figures would be a lieavy labor, wbicli bas not been undertaken. In the absence of more complete data, the fol- lowing statement of the percentage of the several kinds of money received at ISTew York for customs, during the same periods as those taken in the last table, is given : STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, uoe AMOMueSw -:- c a l. 166 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Date. 1S92. May 31 JuiielO JuncLiO June30 JulyO July 20 July:!0 Auj^ust 10 August 20 August 31 September 10. . September 20.. September 30. . October 10 October 20 October 31 November 10.. November 19 . . November 30 . . December 10... December 20... December 31... 1893 January 10 Jauuary ID January 31 rebrua'ry 10 ... Febrnary 20 ... Febrriary 2S ... March 10 March 20 March 31 AprillO April 20 April 29 MavlO Mav20 May 31 Juuc 10 Juno. 20 Juue 30 JulylO Julv20 July 31 August 10 August 19 August 31 Sep'tember 9... September 20.. September 30.. October 10 October 20 .... October 31 ... . Ecceipts. $8, 3, 6, 9, 3, 7, 12, 4, 8, 13, 3, G, 11, 2, g! 10, 3, 6, 9, 10, 5, 10, 15, 4, 8, 12, 4, 8, 12, 2 '.). 3. C, 9, O 5! 9. 2, (J, 10, 3, a, 8, 2 5! V, 2, 5, 7, 103, 430 344, 004 010, 225 591, 270 230, 022 tSt, 550 295, 908 831, 130 C9o, 975 175,485 077, 808 044, 188 335. 347 964. 302 942, 229 341, 120 208. 092 444. 379 951, 385 271, 913 035. 811 570, 853 340. 027 337, 780 291,892 525, 391 003, 588 439, 280 200. 913 108,548 895, 073 902, 913 092. 523 717, 539 732. 300 917, 145 967, 707 822. 848 907, 954 337, 798 804,068 832, 541 220, 733 024, 029 101, 290 188, 032 408, 200 597, 571 964, 839 480, 592 038, 258 537, 386 Gold coin. Per cent. 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 5.5 12.5 24.0 36.7 47.4 6.5.7 59.9 58.1 40.1 43.5 37.6 Silver coin. Per cent. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 Gold certifi- cates. Silver certifi- cates. United States notes. P^r cent. Per cent. 9.9 13.0 8.8 12.7 6.4 14.9 8.0 15.9 10.7 14.4 13.4 15.0 13.8 15.5 12.0 12.8 10.3 12.2 12.1 10.4 .4.7 14.0 2.8 12.5 3.0 10.9 6.0 7.9 6.1 6.2 0.6 6.4 12.0 4.2 7.3 5.-7 7.8 6.3 3.5 11.1 4.5 9.0 4.4 9.2 13.5 9.7 10.2 12.8 8.9 15.8 3.2 27.0 5.9 24.9 9.2 20.7 4.1 14.3- 0. 15.3 7.8 15.7 2.0 15.0 4.0 20.1 2.9 23.3 0.0 33.6 0.0 40.2 0.0 37.8 0.0 20.2 0.0 15.0 0.0 12.0 1.0 12.3 4.7 13.8 4.0 12.3 8.0 5.1 6.0 4.9 4.3 5.1 0.8 7.2 2.4 12.9 1.7 17.5 0.1 24.7 0.1 25.4 0.1 31.3 Per cent. 40.6 25.3 30.6 20.8 24.0 20.2 28.4 18.5 23.1 25.0 48.9 50.5 45.8 42.0 51.4 51.9 55.1 57.0 52.8 43.1 45.0 46.4 40.2 41.8 42.1 37.2 34.9 33.3 30.7 25.9 28.0 53.1 47.6 41.0 28.6 24.5 26.2 47.1 54.0 53.0 64.9 57.6 55.6 53.7 46.0 37.6 22.0 18.6 16.3 25.2 19.9 20.7 Treasury- notes ot 1890. Per cent. 36.4 53.0 47.9 49.1 50.2 45.3 42.2 56.7 54.3 51.9 32.4 34.2 39.7 44.1 36.2 35.0 28.7 30.0 33.0 42.3 41.5 40.0 36.5 35.2 33.2 32.6 34.3 30.8 50.9 53.3 48.5 29.2 28.2 32.7 37.7 35.2 35.9 32.7 31.0 85.0 21.7 18.4 15.0 7.7 6.1 5.3 4.1 6.0 6.2 9.7 11.0 10.2 From the relations Tvliieli tlie reserve bears to tlie other moneys in the Treasury and to the circulation, it is naturally built up by surplus revenues and cut down by deficiencies and by the redemption of United States notes and Treasiu-y notes in gold. Both of these last two causes have been in operation, but in different seasons, so that the effect of each could be observed separately. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Daniel N. Morgan, Treasurer of tlie United States. Hon. John G. Carlisle, Secretary of the Treasury. KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 167 EEPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE MINT. Treasury Departsient, Bureau of the Mint, Washington, D. C, yovemher 29, 1893. Sir: I respectfully submit tlie foUowiug report on the operations of the mints and assay offices of the United States for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, this being the twenty-first annual report of the Director of the Mint. DEPOSITS OF GOLD. The amount of gold deposited during the year at the mints and assay offices of the United States, including gold contained in silver deposits and pnrchases, was 2,732,044,925 standard ounces of the value of 850,839,905.53, as compared with §66,470,975.98 during the preceding fiscal year, a decrease of $15,637,070.45. Of the gold thus deposited, 2,496,678.983 standard ounces, of the value of $46,449,841.50, were original deposits, and 235,965.942 stand- ard ounces, of the value of 84,390,004.03, redeposits, of which §21,894.21 were fine bars redeposited for small, and $4,368,169.82 unparted bars transferred from the minor assay offices to the mint at Philadelphia for refining and coinage; 833,286,167.94 were classified as of domestic pro- duction, as against $31,961,546.11 of the same class of gold deposited during the previous fiscal year, an increase of $1, 324,621^83. Of the gold buUion classed as domestic, $19,690,057.19 were fine bars bearing the stamp of private refineries, and $13,596,110.75 represented unrefined domestic bullion. A table will be fijuud in the Appendix showing the distribution of the amount of unrefined gold deposited at the mints and assay offices during the year among the States and Territories that produced the same. Foreign gold bullion of the value of $2,247,730.78, and foreign gold coin of the value of $6,293,290.33 were received and melted by the mliuts and assay offices during the year. Worn and uncurrent domestic gold coin (of the nominal value of $806,870) was received for recoinage, and after melting, the coining value of the same was found to be $792,470.43. Old material consist- ing of jewelry, plate, etc., of the value of $3,830,176.02, was also received. DEPOSITS AND PURCHASES OF SIETER. The deposits and purchases of silver, including that contained in gold deposits during the last fiscal year, aggregated 73,135,705.76 standard ounces, of the coining value (8l.l6iAi- per ounce standard or $1.2929 per fine ounce) of $85,103,366.67, against $83,922,930.01 in the previous fiscal year, an increase of $1,180,436.60. Of the silver deposited during the year 747,255.84 standard ounces, of the coining value in silver dollars of $809,534.00, consisted of rede- posits, making the amount of original deposits 72,388,449.92 standard ounces, and the coining value of the same in silver dollars $84,233,832.61 ; 59,756,161.95 standard ounces, of the coining value of $69,534,443 consisted of fine bars, made by and bearing the stamp of private refineries in the United States, the same being classified as of domestic production. It should, however, be stated that the classification at the mints of silver bullion is not exact, as fine silver bars purchased from private refineries in the United States are without exception necessarily 1G8 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE classified at the niints as of domestic production, altLougli they are to a large extent composed of silver obtained from ore and bulliou imported from Mexico and smelted and refined in this country. Of the domestic silver bullion deposited at the coinage mints and assay offices, 3,550,595.69 standard ounces, of the csining- value of §4,131,002.23, were unrefined silver from the uiines of the United States. A table will be found in the Appendix of this report showing the distri- bution of this product among the States and Teriitorics from which it was obtained. There was also deposited foreign silver bullion containing 1,931,901.54: standard ounces, of the coining value of $2,213,030.88, and foreign silver coin containing 501,300.85 standard ounces, of the coining value of $053,150.08, making $2,901,180.90 of foreign silver deposited and melted at the mints and assay offices during the fiscal year. Worn and uncurrent silver coins of the nominal value of $7,018,198.25, principally subsidiary pieces, were transferred by the Treasury to the mints for recoinage, and uncurrent silver coins, of the nominal value of $1,787.70, were purchased as bullion, under the act of July 14, 1890, making the aggregate amount of uncurrent silver coins from the two sources received by the mints $7,022,085.95, containing 5,940,544.90 standard ounces. The coining value of the amount transferred for recoinage was $7,381,289.58 in subsidiary coin. In addition trade dollars, containing 409.14 standard ounces, were pur- chased as bullion and melted, the coining value of the same being $545.91 in standard silver dollars. Old silver, consisting of jewelry, plate, etc., containing 047,475.85 standard ounces, of the coining value of $753,420.40, was purchased and melted during the year. The coining value of gold and silver (exclusive of redeposits) received at the mints and assay offices of the United States each fiscal year from 1880 is shown in the following table: Value of the Gold axd Silver (not including Redeposits) Received at THE Mints and Assay Offices, 1880-1893. Piscal years. Gold. Silver. (coining value). Total value. 1880 $08, 835, 096 130, 833, 102 66, 750, 652 46, 347, 106 46, 320, 678 52,891,075 44,900,749 68, 223, 072 72, 225, 497 42,136,436 42, 603, 095 48, 485, 801 61,131,400 46, 449, 842 $34, 640, 522 30, 791, 110 33, 720, 491 30, 8G9, S34 33, 520, 2C0 36, 789, 774 35, 494, 183 47, 756, 918 41,331,014 41,238,151 42, 641, 719 71, 985, 985 83, 177, 066 84, 233, 832 $133, 475, 618 161, 624, 248 100, 477, 143 83, 216, 940 82, 846, 968 83, 683, 849 80, 403, 932 115, 979, 990 113, 55C, 511 83, 374, 587 85, 307, 814 120, 471, 786 144, 309, 126 130, 683, 674 1881 1882 1833 1884 1885 18S6 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 REPORT* OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 169 The usual tables, exliibitiug, by weight aud value, the deposits and purchases of gold aud silver at each of the mints aud assay offices, will be found in the Appendix. COINAGE. The coinage executed during the fiscal year 1893 by the mints at Philadelphia, San Francisco, I^ew Orleans, and Carson City consisted of 97,280,875 pieces, of the value of $13,085,178.80. Of gokUhere were coined 2,282,209 pieces, of the value of 830,038,140. Of this sum $20,444,700 were in double eagles; $0,590,120 in eagles; $2,987,925 in half eagles, and $0,335 in quarter eagles. The silver coinage aggregated 34,291,170 pieces, of the nominal value of $12,500,935.90. Of this sum $5,343,715 were in standard dollars, coined under the act of July 14, 1890, $3,200,030 in half dollars, includ- ing $2,501,052.50 in Columbian Souvenir pieces, $2,848,018 in quarter dollars, including $10,005.75 Columbian Souvenir pieces, and $1,101,- 972.90 in dimes. The coinage of Columbian Souvenir half dollars, as directed by the act of August 5, 1892, was made from worn and uucurrent subsidiary silver coin transferred from the Treasury of tlie United States, as was also the Columbian Souvenir quarter dollars, authorized by the act of March 3, 1893. The execution of the minor coinage is confined to the mint at Phil- adelphia by the provisions of section 3528 Revised Statutes of the United States. It consisted, during the year, of 11,975,715 Scent nickel pieces, of the nominal value of $598,785.75, and 48,731.715 one- cent bronze lueces, of the value of $487,317.15, making an aggregate of 00,707,430 pieces, of the nominal value of $1,080,102.90. The total coinage executed by the mints of the United States during the last fiscal year is shown in the following table: Coinage, Fiscal Year 1893. Dc scrip Lion. Pieces. Value. Gold 2, 282, 269 5,343,715 28, 947, 461 60, 707, 430 $30, 038, 140. 00 5, 343, 715. 00 *7, 217, 220. 90 1, 086, 102. 90 Silver dollars Subsidiary silver coins Total 97, 280, 875 43, 685, 178. 80 ' Includes $2,501,052.50 in half-dollar and $10,005.75 in (Quarter-dollar Columbian souvenir coins. All the coinage of silver dollars during the fiscal year 1893 was made from bullion purchased under the act of July 14, 1890, and aggregated $5,343,715. The amount of bullion consumed in the coinage was 4,133,029.56 fine ounces, costing $3,784,417.04, and the seigniorage thereon was $1,559,297.30. There being no special demand for silver dollars for the redemption of notes issued in payment for silver purchased, the coinage was limited. The total coinage of silver dollars under the acts of February 28, 1878, July 14, 1890, and March 3, 1891, is shown in the following table: 170 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING TIIE • CoiXAGE OF Silver Doixars from February 28, 1878; to Novejiber 1, 1893. Coinage under act of- Feliruary 28,1878 Jul j' 14, 3 890 March 3, 1891 (trade-dollar bullion) Total Amount. $378, 1C6, 793 36, 087, 285 5, 078, 472 419, 332, 550 * * * SILVEK PURCHASES. All tbe silver piircLased durmg the fiscal year 1893 was bought imdev the provisions of the act of July 14, 1890, which provided for the purchase by the Secretary of the Treasury "from time to time silver l3ullion to the aggregate amouut of four million five hundred thousand ounces, or so much thereof as may be offered in each month at the market X)rice thereof, not exceeding one dollar for three hundred and seventy-one and twenty-five hundredths grains of pure silver." Under the provision of law above cited, offers for the sale of silver to the Government, in lots of 10,000 ounces and over, were received and considered at 1 o'clock p. m. on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday of each week, and were invariably made by telegraph. The sapcrintendents of the coinage mints were authorized to pur- chase silver in lots of less than 10,000 ounces at a price fixed from time to time by the Director of the Mint, and which agreed with the market price. Daring the year the amount delivered upon purchases made by the Department at the respective coinage mints aggregated 50,270,215.83 fine ounces, costing $4:2,380,545.37. The amount delivered on purchases made by the superintendents of the several coinage mints, in lots of less than 10,000 ounces, was 3,547,300.04 fine ounces, costing $2,990,493.57. Silver contained in gold deposits, bar charges, and fractions, amount- ing to 184,040.13 fine ounces, costing $100,335.59, was also purchased. The aggregate amount of silver ijurchased in the manner above stated during the year was 54,008,162.00 fine ounces, costing $45,531,374.53. The average cost per fine ounce was $0,843, at which rate the bullion value of the silver dollar is 65.3 cents. From July 1 to November 1, 1893, the date of the repeal of the pur- chasing clause of the act of July 14, 1890, the i^urchases amounted to 11,917,058.78 fine.ounces, costing $8,715,521.32. The total amount of silver purchased under the act of July 14, 1890, from August 13, 1890, the date the act went into effect, to jSTovember 1, 1893, the date of the repeal of the purchasing clause, aggregates 168,674,082.53 fine ounces, costing $155,931,002.25, the coining value of the same in silver dollars being $218,084,438. Of this amount there has been used in the coinage of 30,087,285 silver dollars 27,011,250.49 fine ounces, costing $29,110,180.01. COURSE OF SILVER. The opening quotations for silver July 1, 1892, both in the London and New York markets, were the highest during the fiscal year. The London quotation for silver (0.925 fine) was 40-^% jience, equal REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 171 to $0.8809 per ounce fine. Tue New York price at the same date was $0.S8f per ounce fine. From July 1, 1892, to June 26, 1893, the decline in the price was |0.05f against a decline of about 80.24 x>er ounce during the previous fiscal year. The lowest price reached between July 1, 1892, and June 2G, 1893, was 37-1% pence, equal to $0,823 per ounce fine. From the 23d to the 30th of June, 1893, the decline was rapid. On the 24th of June, 1893, rumors became current in London and jSTew York that India contemplated closing her mints to silver. At this date the quotation in London was 37^ pence and in 'Sew York $0.82. On the 2Gth of June it was definitely announced that the legislative council of India had passed a bill closing her mints to the deposit of silver by individuals for coinage. The quotation on that day in London was 36 j)ence, equal to $0,784 j)er ounce fine and in New Yor.k $0,780. A rapid decline took place daily until, on the 30th of June, the price in London reached 30i- pence, equal to $0,664 per ounce fine, and in New York the price was quoted at from 67 to 65 cents. The average price of silver during the fiscal year in London was 38| pence, equal to $0,841 per ounce fine. At the highesfc price of silver the bullion value of the silver dollar was $0,653, at the lowest price, $0,515, and at the average i)rice, $0,650. On July 1, 1893, the price advanced very suddenly to 33|^ pence, reach- ing, on July 5, 34f pence, from which i:)oint it declined, closing, on July 31, at 32 i pence. Notwithstanding the fact that India had closed her mints to silver, there was a large demand for shipment to that country, as well as to Cbina, in August. The price advanced from 32* x^ence to 34§ pence, closing at 34.J pence. In September the demand for shipment to India and China continued, ■ and the price, with slight fluctuations, ranged from 34 to 34^ pence, closing at 34J pence. In October, the demand for both India and China having fallen off', and the repeal of the act of July 14, 1890, by Congress, being anticipated, the rate declined from 34^ to 31^ pence, on the 31st. In November, the price ranged from 31^ to 32| pence, and at the pres- ent date, November 29, is 32 pence. The average London i)rice for the four mouths ending October 31, 1893, was 33Hr pence, equal to $0.7383, The average New York price for the same time was $0.7350. BRIEF REVIEW OF THE COURSE OF SILVER FROM 1848 TO 1893, IN- CLUSIVE, AND OF THE CAUSES OF ITS DEPRECIATION SINCE 1872. During the calendar year 1848 the average price of silver in the Lon- don market was 5d'^d. per ounce for silver 6.925 fine (British standard), equivalent in United States money to $1.3098 per ounce 1.000 fine. Tlie price from this time gradually advanced until 1859, when it reachetl an average for the year of G2--^,rd. The advance in the price between 1850 and 1859 was due to the very large increase in the production of gold in California and Australia, which added to the world's supi)ly of that metal without any material increase in the supply of silver. The advance in the price was also greatly stimulated by the large loans made in silver to India for public 172 PAPERS ACCOMPA>{YING THE improYemeuts and for expenses iucideutal to the suppression of the Sepoy mutiny of 1857. Betv\-een ISGO and 18G6 a decline took place, the yearly average price ranging from Glj^d. to Gl^d. The latter figure was maintained until after the close of the civil war in the United States, by reason of the limited supply of, and the increased demand for, silver. Cotton was at this time cultivated very extensively in India, because of the small quantity of it obtainable from the United States, and large amounts of silver were required for shij)ment to that country to pay for it. The variation in the average yearly price, from 18G7 to 1872, was only -i\rf/. The average price of silver in 1873 was od^d., equal to $1.29883. Since that time the yearly average decline has been steady, with only four exceptions. The average price for the month of October, 1893, was 33.008f7,, equal to $0.73072, a decline, in a period of a little over twenty years, of $0.5G211 per ounce. The causes of this great decline, stated briefly, are as follows: First. Germany, in 1871 and 1873, enacted laws demonetizing silver, making gold the sole standard of value, and calling in all silver coins previously issued and circulated in the several states of the German Empire. To procure the gold necessary for the i")urposes of coinage, Germany sold, between 1873 and 1879, large amounts of silver from her store of melted silver coins, including the amount received from France in payment of the indemnity imposed upon her at the close of the Franco- Prussian war. The effect of this legislation was to, create a demand for gold in Ger- mnny and to increase the supply of silver bullion, or melted coins, in other countries, and to cause a depreciation in the price of the white metal. Second. In 1872, Korway, Sweden, and Denmark entered into a mon- etary treaty demonetizing silver, which was formally ratified by Sweden and Denmark in 1873 and by 'N'orway in 1875. By this treaty they adopted the single gold standard and made silver a subsidiary metal, to be coined on Government account only, for change i^urposes. Third. Holland, which had been on a silver basis since 1847, practi- cally followed the example of Germany in 1875, for although in that year it nominally adopted the double standard at the ratio of 1 to 15^, it, as a matter of fact, prohibited the coinage of silver, thus becoming, like Germany, gold monometallic. Fourth . The price ha vin g fallen to a point at which i t b ecomes profitable for brokers to purchase silver in Germany and ship it to the states com- prising the Latin Union for conversion into 5-franc pieces, the parties to that monetary treaty decided, in 1874, to limit the amount of 5-franc pieces to be coined by each. This, however, did not have the effect to steady the i^rice, and in 1878 the mints of the Latin Union were closed to the coinage of full legal-tender silver coins, and have remained so ever since. Fifth. In September, 1S76, Eussia suspended the coinage of silver except as to such an amount as might be required for trade i)urposes with China. Notwithstanding the fact that the silver standard legally prevailed in Austria-Hungary until 1892, the free coinage of silver has been sus- pended in that country since 1879. In 1892 it formally adopted the single gold standard. By the act of 1873 the coinage of full legal-tender silver was tacitly prohibited in the United States and gold made the sole standard of value, but as we were then on a i)aper basis, the price of silver can not be EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 173 said to have been appreciably affected by that act, especially as it pro- vided for the receipt of silver from individuals for coinage into trade dollars, and the further fact that large purchases of silver were made for the subsidary silver coinage under the acts of 1873 and 1875, to re- place the fractional paper currency which had been used for change purijoses since 18G2. The act of February 28, 1878, authorized the coinage of silver dollars of the weight of 412^ grains, as provided for by the act of January 18, 1837, and which were a full legal tender. Under the act of 1837 the coinage was free to individuals, but the act of 1878 i)rovided for the coinage of full legal-tender silver dollars on Government account only. It also provided for the purchase for this coinage of not less than $2,000,000, nor more than 84,000,000 worth of bullion each month, at the market price. But notwithstanding the magnitude of the purchase of silver required to be made under the act of 1878 the decline in price continued. Further legislation by the United States, still more favorable to silver, was enacted by the act of July 14, 1890, which provided for the purchase of 54,000,000 oiinces annually, the estimated production of our domestic mines. The effect of this act was to cause a temporary advance in the price of silver, but the high price could not be maintained owing to the largely increased output by the silver-producing countries of the world, and the price commenced to decline in September, 1890, and continued to do so. Sixth. On the 26th of June, 1893, the Legislative Council of India liasscd a bill closing her mints to silver coinage for individuals, and her action has been followed in the United States by the repeal of the purchasing clause of the act of July 14, 1890. The present price of silver in the London market is 32^f7. for silver .925 fine, equivalent in United States money to 80.7032^- for silver 1,000 line. Seventh. The great increase in the production of the metal. In 1873 the world's production of silver was estimated to be 881,800,000, and in 1892 at $190,605,000 — an increase in the annual supply, in twenty years, of over 140 per cent. CIRCULATION OF SILVER DOLLARS. The f«?illoAving table exhibits the total number of silver dollars coined, the number held by the Treasury for the redemption of certificates, the number held in excess of outstanding certificates, and the number in circulation on November 1 of each of last eight years: Coinage, OwNERsnir, and Circulation of Silver Dollars. Date. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. 1, 1S86 1, 1887 :, 1883 1, 1889 1, 1800 1, 1891 1, 1802 1, 1893 * Total coinage. 244,433,386 277, 110, 157 309, 750, 890 343, 638, 001 380, 988, 466 409, 475, 368 416,412,835 419, 332, 550 In the Treasury. Held for pay- meut of certifi- cates out- standins;. 100, 306, 800 100,713,957 229, 783, 152 277, 319, 944 308, 206, 177 321, 142, 042 324, 552, 532 325,717,232 Held in excess of certilieates outstauding. In circulation. 82,024,431 .53,401,575 20. 196, 288 6, 219, 577 7,072,725 26. 197, 205 30, 187, 848 34, 889, 500 61, 502, 155 62, 934, 025 59, 771, 450 60, 098, 480 65, 709, 564 62, 135, 461 61, 672, 455 58, 725, 818 174 PAPERS .^- ..wI-IP-lXYDTG THE SEIGNIOEAGE 02s SILTEE COLN'AGE. The balance of profits on the coinage of silver on hand at the mints at the commencement of the fiscal year. July 1. 1892,\ras $70,004.25. The seigniorage on the coinage of silver dollars dnring the year amounted to $l.o59.207.3G. and on subsidiary coinage $G5.05. a total of $1,559,362.11. From the seigniorage there were paid dnring the year for expenses of distributing silver coin $24,382.12. and for reimbursements of silver wasted by the operative officers and for bullion sold in sweeps, $8,075.05, leaving the net profits on the co"ina2:e of silver for the vear, $1,526,905.24. Of this sum $1,396,109.87 was dei)osited in the Treasury during the year. The balance of i^rofits on the coinage of silver on hand at the mints June SO, 1893. was $201,759.62, InclndiDg the balance on hand at the mints July 1, 1S78. the net profits on account of the coinage of silver from that date to November 1. 1893. paid into the Treasurv of the United States, aggregates $74,262,970.99. The total seigniorasre on the coinage of silver under the act of Julv 14. 1890, from August 13. 1890, to November 1. 1893. was $6,977,098.39. Oi this amount $78,447.12 was paid for c-Apenses of distributuig silver coins, and $60,849.92 to reimburse the bullion fund for wastage of the operative oflicers of the mints and for bullion sold in sweepings, and the balance paid into the Treasury. A table will be found in the Appendix exhibiting the seigTiiorage on the silver coinage during the fiscal year at each mint, and the disposi- tion of the same. I^rPOETS AXD EXPOETS OF THE PBECIOUS ^lETALS. Gold, — During the fiscal year 1893 foreign gold coins of the value of $11,962,738 were imported into the United States. Of this amount $5,398,240 came from France; $4.74.8.440 from Australasia; $890,018 from Cuba: $478,811 from Germany: $300,012 from Mexico: $84,624 from Jajian, and the remainder from various countries, principally from the West Indies and Central American States. The value of our own gold coins returned was $0.ii74,^99. Of tbis amount $4,356,700 came from Quebec and Ontario; $537,.51S from the West Indies; $487,568 from Great Britain: $229,590, from Venezuela; $129,360 from China; $115,152 from Mexico; $107,672 from Colombia and the remainder from the Central American States and other countries. Foreign gold bullion of the value of $3,136,744 was imported: of which amount $1,923,505 came from Mexico: $325,972 from Colombia; $292,835 from British Columbia; $156,458 from Nicaragua: $111,566 from Australasia, and $111,351 from Honduras. Foreign gold ores of the invoiced value of $894,999 were imported for reduction, all of which came from Mexico. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 175 The following table shows tliat the total imj)orts of gold into the United States for the fiscal year 1893 were $22,069,380: Gold Imports, 1893. Foreign bnllion. Foreign coin Foreijrn ores.'... Items. Amount. $3, 130, 744 U, 962, 738 894. 999 Tota,! foreign gold . United States coin 15,99J,481 6, 074, 899 Total gold imports ' 22, 069, 380 The export of the United States gold coins was 8101,844.087. Of this amount 837.895,500 were shipped to Germany; 832.210,300 to France: 821,201,700 to England; 85.308,193 to Quebec and Ontario; $1,818,570 to Venezuela; $1,055,351 to Haiti; 81,000,000 to the Xether- lands. and the remainder to Mexico, the "West Indies, Central and South America. The shipments of our own coins for the year amounted to nearly $60,000,000 over those of last year. The export of domestic gold bullion was $221,066, of which $131,835 were exported to Quebec and Ontario and the remainder to England. Foreign gold coins of the yalue of $6,612,691 were reexi)orted. Of this amount $6,401,101 went to Cuba ; $129,950 to England, and the remainder to other countries. The inyoiced yalue of domestic gold ores exported was $225,524. Of this amount $145,980 were shipped to England and $79,518 to Germany. Foreign gold ores of the invoiced value of $16,607 were reexported to England. Gold contained in silver-copper matte, of the yalue of $43,680 was exported from the port of Baltimore. The total gold exports for the year were $108,966,655. The items of the same will be found in the following table: Gold Exronxs, 1893. Items. Amount. United States bars $131, 835 92, 231 101, 844, 087 43, C80 other domestic bullion Domestic'coin , Gold contained in copper matte Domestic ores 225 524 Total domestic .^ 102, 337, 357 6, 629, 298 Foreign coin reexported $6, 612, 091 Foreign ores reesiiortcd 16, 607 Total foreign Total gold exports 108, 966, 055 The movement of gold for the fiscal year 1893 shows an excess of exports over imports of $86,897,275, while the excess for the fiscal year 1892 was $142,654. 176 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Silver. — Foreign silver bullion of the commercial value of $J:,078,- 400 was Imported during tlie year, the eutire amount coming from Mexico, Central and Soutli American States. Foreign silver coins of the value of $17,G15,GC3 were imported. Of this amount $16,128,532 came from Mexico, and the remainder from the West Indies and Central and Soutli America. Silver in foreign ores of the invoiced value of $11,100,747 were imported from Mexico into the United States for reduction. These silver-lead ores contained 59,420,588 iDounds of lead valued at $1,182,- 911, and 422,322 pounds of copper valued at $22,706. *- United States silver coins (subsidiary i)ieces) of the value of $599,189 were imported, of which $551,383 came from the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario. MONETARY SYSTEMS AND APPROXIMATE STOCKS OF MONEY IN THE PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD. The following table of the monetary systems and the approximate stock of gold, silver, and uncovered paper money in the principal coun- tries of the world has been compiled from the latest information obtain- able, and while necessarily but an estimate, is believed to show as nearly as can be ascertained the actual stock of money in the world : REPOET OF THE SECEETARY OP THE TREASUEY. 177 a H O CO B H 2; o o ■ O in o-^cooci-nincorfi rH in Cq •<* 4 o CO CO t^ 00 coTHcoo-*inoino DO rH 00 13 H Pi eo CO ci r-5 00 in-TjIcJcoo-^ci'^oo ■ ci e4 ■* a ts- rH y~\ o t4 lO -rfl lA liO o ■*t~COCOC0IMCOCOIr- cq in in CO c 05 ci CO* '^ cj ' in 1-i 00 c* s> "o 05 -^jJ d ci 00 CO in CJ 00 r-i CO 1* rH CO CO CO r-i ■* t> O <«■ 1-H C4 r-t CI T-t o O O O o OC300000<00 o o o o ■a C5 O O O o ooooooooo c- o o o 000 O o o o o o o o o oo-^oocDincso m CO c * r-l cT t-T cT -^ ■^ oT cf CO in cT ^ -^ t-." h-T r-T *« O" C3 o « .-H OO in t- . rH Cl O -31 c-1 _ CO CO vn P 2 '^ -^ 8 S " "^ :5 "*-"° ■^ C3 o o o o OOOOOOOOO o o o o o o o O o o o CO OOOOOOOOO o o o o o o o . o O CI- o o OOOOOOOOO o o o o o o o "3 o" o o cT o" cTcTcrcTo'cro'crcr cT o <^ o" o" o crT ■^ CD o o o o OOOOOOOOO o o o O • o o CO CO CI m 53 • co' rH Tjl O CO O t- in iJ-^ " "2 ^ Ci rt ci CO rH «^ "^ IS 8 . '. rO -= ^ ^ ^ :2 "* « o o o <3 C > o o o • c c 3 C J o <=> o o o o O c o o o > c > c > o o o o o o o c > o o o > c s C i C^ o o fl o" o o" o c r o" o o ; c ' c r c r o cT cT o o o o o c ; o o o > c s C > o o o ■+J o , o o o L' > -* o o 1 c > c J o - o o a t^ I o" \^ 00 C£ r r-n" rH^ cT ! ><: r 1' j" CO irT 'rw" 3 ■* . m o ■^ 1 rH u CI , o: : m ^ CO Ph ■60- ■a .c > 8 1-{ 8 .^ > ■! ^ .o ■; . "^ -8 f^ o c o o C5 c: 2 S 2 ■=■ > c c J G > o c > c o o o o o c o <::> o c o o o c > c: c > o > c > c O <3> O C> "o o c o o o o o o o c ) o c C > o > c > c o o o o tx; o o" o~ o" c " o" o" o c c c " c >" cT c r c c: " cT cT o" o Cw o o o o 2 "5 ■= ■= o c > o c c > c o c:- o o O o o o o o in c3 c ) c c > o c c; > c o o o o ,i ^ m c- y~< ^ -fl .c c 1 yH (M in o CI o m ^ IT 00 o CJ 8 8 5 > 1- 1 > ^ J '^ ti' ^ e e d o o o o c o o o c > c c > c > o c > c > c o o o o o o o o o <= o o o c J c > o c > c o o o o ^ rt o c o o o <= o o o c > c ) o o c > c <=> o o o o c " o o o" " o" cT o" c r c c c r cT c c r c o" o" o" o o c o o o o o o c c c c J o c c CD o o o Ph O -Hi CO -* r-( i; OS o in t- . u- c p- o c oc 1 c O CI CO CO t-^ oc " 00 o co" c cf ci" t-" -fl i" ir c ■*" c ■^ i" c " — i" cT -nT o" o c CO "* c- rH -d CJ CO en gold limited der sil- ver. in oc 00 lO 00 oc 00 00 00 oc a > oc oc oc CO oc 03 c CO o CO Ci" CO CO CO c c; oc oc oc CI CO «■. -* -^ CO ■* Tt ■^ -^ -Id* -^ c in 1* •^ ^ xf:> lO '^ lO _o f-H T— I f-( f-H T-{ -^^ ^^ y- rH r- r- iH 1-H i-H rH t«^ o e o o o c o o o c c O c c c o c C5 O CS ©-tf a -fj ■S -M -f^ -M +- -»J -t-l -IJ ->- ■♦- -M -h 1- 1^ -3 -M -^ (^ te p O iH »-l fH .H ?H rH rH T- r-t r- r- rH rH »H ^ o§ and legal der ver. CO -M .«< -* ^ r*n -«1 -*1 -^ -4M >-«0 in »n « in in IT iT lO in IT in r- 1 r-l rH 1-H »-H r- »-H f-t rH \'^^ e- O o : o o O Q O o c o ^ &■=-'" -M -*j I ■4^ +s -♦-» +- •♦^ -fj >J >^ r j-\ iH • iH iH ■r^ rH rH r-l -2 U U '> t4 fH tH ^ © _>; >• (. m r^ a : rn GO n 'o *a a '5 rS Ts : ■« ■d •d P p ■ n c a p e3 cj c3 ; cH c3 C3 rt +3 o P 1 2 ;2 3 2 '^ O C C C •^ 'C o 2 o o -d o "o o "o "o % 'o "o "o "o "c o O o C O O C a C O o iL c o . ! a ' '• ^ c t 3 Ci fc "J^ ^ 2 a CO >» i 1 P Ph «! £ p o Ci ca o '3 _e| o 'p a © "3 P5 1. ISJ C u a -< Netberl, Scandin ion: Nor © p © © p <1 p ' a o (in o S 2,2 r fe O go© C3 - . PhM-^ P< P ci gp fH §< CO 3 1^ C o p -^ Mi -J p p e.o o ^'^^■^ c3 p!^ ■8 »1-» P< o © m p P © -a -ra 3 to S. -P O CO g's " c; :2 en c3 «,-r3 ci ^ 8^3 u Ab. 93- -12 178 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING Till W H O w K « g O o < « P-i S H Iz; Hi < Q K '. a Q fd 'A O c o o H CO O M < >> CO o C3 "ft o F4 o Ot^ O O'«tC0OO00CS ift CO ci -^ cc .-5 00 o cJ -^ r-l CJ 1-1 .-t CD P. P4 CO »-4 OJ r-( • CO • o : § ' o • o I "-" • o ; ci ■ o o <=> o § o o '3 o 1 •a o H oo o ooooooo oo o oooo o . o o • c" o" i o o • 1.-5 rH : e « § o o § ■<* CO* Stock of gold. a 5, 000, 000 & 500, 000 a 45, 000, 000 b 80, 700, 000 a 14, 000, 000 d 19, 000, 000 i 2, 000, 000 o o o o i co" o 1 oo o ooooooo c>o o oooooc:>o o o o ooooooo 22 2 ooooooo oo o oooc»ooo ^P CO CO ^C^t^oOOOCDO r~t CO -.^ 00 O Eatio be- tween gold and limited tender sil- ver. in o> ■<# ■ rH -2 : r-l ; Katio between gold and lull legal tender silver. 00 Hn Hn •*! irj -^ in i-H rH fH 52 *"' 2 S S o o ,-, ^ rH ^ r^ . HOI H3 • O u-O « rH rH • B S i r-( rH ; a 1 § > o o > r-H •a a r- O o o ; o o 'oo 5 U o > 'oo a C3 2 .S o O 05 .2 a s 6 O a a o 'S o a < "c: ph ■g Silver Peso .......... .61,3 Silver : peso and divisions. Nicaragua Salvador Chile Gold and Peso ... ..... .91 2 Gold: escudo ($1.82,4), doubloon ($4.56,1), and condor (.$9.12,3). silver. Silver : peso and divisions. ("Shanghai . .90,6 China Silver 1 01 (customs). Colombia do Peso .61,3 Gold: condor ($9.64,7) and double- condor. Silver: peso. Cuba Gold and .--do .92,6 Gold: doubloon ($5.01,7). Silver: peso. silver. Denmark Gold Silver Crown .26,8 .61,3 Gold : 10 and 20 crowns. Gold: condor ($9.64,7) and double- condor. Silver: sucre and divi- Ecuador Sucre sions. Egypt.-. Gold. Pound (100 pias- ters.) 4. 94, 3 Gold : pound (100 piasters), 5, 10, 20, and 50 piasters. Silver: 1,2,5, 10, and 20 piasters. Finland do Mark 19 3 Gold: 20 marks ($-3.85,9), 10 marks ($1.93). France Gold and sil- Franc .19,3 Gold- 5 10 ''0 50, and 100 francs ver. Silver: 5 francs. German Emitire Gold Mark .23,8 4. 86, 6J Gold : 5, 10, and 20 marks. Great Britain ....do Gold: sovereign (pound sterling) and i sovereign. Greece Gold and sil- .19,3 Gold ; 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 drachmas. Silver: 5 drachmas. ver. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 183 Values of Foreign Coins, January 1, 1893— Continued. Country. Standard. Monetary unit. Value in terms of United States gold dollar. Coins. Haiti . India Italy . Japan Liberia Mexico Netherlands . Newfoundland. Norway Peru Portugal Russia. Spain . . Sweden Switzerland Tripoli Turkey Venezuela .. Gold and sil- ver. Silver Gold and sil- ver. ....do.* Gold Silver Gourde . Eupee .. Lira Ten .. DoUar , ...do.. f Gold.... i Silver .. Gold and sil- ver. Gold ...do Silver Gold Florin Silver. Gold and sil- ver. Gold , Gold and sil- ver. Silver Dollar.. Crown . Sol Milreis Ruble.. Peseta . Crown , Franc. . fGold. [Silver .. Gold, Mabbub of 2 piasters. Piaster Gold and sil- ver. Bolivar . $0. 96, 5 .20,2 .19,3 .99,7 .66,1 1.00 .66,6 .40,2 1. 01, 4 .26,8 .61,3 1.08 .77,2 .49,1 .19,3 .26,8 .19.3 .55,3 .04,4 .19,3 Silver :goiirde. Gold: mobur ($7.10,5^ Silver: ru- pee and di\asion3. Gold : 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 lire. Sil- ver : 5 lire. Gold : 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 yen.- Silver: yen. Gold: doUar ($0.98,3), 2i, 5, 10, and 20 dollars. Silver: dollar (or peso) and divisions. Gold: 10 florins. Silver: J, 1, and 2J florins. Gold: 2 dollars ($2.02,7). Gold : 10 and 20 crowns. Silver: sol and divisions. Gold: 1, 2, 5, and 10 milreia. Gold: imperial (.$7.71,8), and J im- perial t(3.86). Silver : J, i, and 1 ruble. Gold: 25 pesetas. Silver : 5 pesetas. Gold : 10 and 20 crowns. Gold: 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 francs. Silver : 5 francs. Gold : 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 pias- ters. Gold: 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 bolivars. Silver : 5 bolivars. *Gold the nominal standard. Silver practically the standard, t Coined since Jan. 1, 1880. Old half imperial = $3.98,6. 184 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Values of Foreign Coins, April 1, 1893. Value . m terms Country. Standard. Monetary unit. of ITnited States gold dollar. Coins. Argentine Kepublic. Gold and sil- $0. 96, 5 Gold: argentine ($4.82,4) and i ar- gentine. Silver: peso and divi- Ter. sions. Gold: former s\"8tem — 4 florins (1.92,9), 8 florins ($3.85,8), ducat ($2.28,7) and 4 ducats ($9.15,8). AustriaHungary . . . Gold Cro\vTi .20,3 Silver: 1 and 2 florins. Gold: present sj"stem — 20 crowns ($4.05,2) and 10 crowns ($2.02,6). Bel*^ium Gold andsil- Pranc .19,3 Gold- 10 and 20 francs. Silver: 5 ver. francs. Bolivia Silver Gold Boliviano . . ; Milreis .01 .51,6 Silver: boliviano and divisions. Gold: 5, 10, and 20 milreis. Silver: J, 1, and 2 milreis. Bi'azil Britisli Po.ssessions ....do Dollar 1.00 Nortli America (except N e w- foundland) . Central American States: Costa Rica ] Guatemala Honduras Silver Peso 61 Silver: peso and divisioufv Nicaragua Salvador Chile Gold and sil- ....do .91,2 Gold: escudo ($1.82,4), doubloon (4.50,1) and condor ($9.12,3). Sil- ver. ver: peso and divisions. [Shanghai . .90,1 China Silve-r Tacl-inaikwan 1. 00, 4 [(customs). Colombia ....do Peso .61 Gold: condor ($9.01,7) and double- condor. Silver: peso. Cuba Gold and sil- do .92,6 Gold: doublcon (5.01,7). Silver: peso. ver. Denmark Gold Crown .26,8 Gold : 10 and 20 crowns. Ecuador Silver Sucre .61 Gold: condor ($9.64,7) and double- condor. Silver: sucre and divi- sions. E"'vpt Gold Pound (100 pias- ters). 4 94 3 Gold : pound (100 piasters), 5, 10, 20, and 50 piasters. Silver: 1, 2,5, 10, and 20 piasters. Piuland ....do Mark .19,3 Gold: 20 marks ($3.85, 9), 10 marks ($1.93). Fmnce Gold and sil- ver. Franc .19,3 Gold: 5,10,20, 50, and 100 francs. Silver: 5 francs. German Empire Great Britain Gold Mark 23,8 Gold : 5, 10, and 20 marks. Gold Pound sterling . . 4. 86, 6i Gold: sovereign (pound sterling) ■ and J sovereign. Greece Gold and sil- Drachma .19,3 Gold : 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 drachmas. Silver: 5 drachmas. ver. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 185 Values of Foreign Coins, April 1, 1893— Continued. Value in terms - Conntiy. Standard. Monetary unit. of United states gold dollar. Coins. Haiti Gold and sil- ver. Silver G ourdc Rupee $0. 06, 5 .29 Silver: gourde. Gold: moliur ($7.10,5). Silver: rupee and divisions. Italy Gold and sil- .19,3 Gold : 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 lire. Sil- ver : 5 lire. ver. Japan .-..do. * ,;Gold.... Ten ...>., (feilver .. .99,7 .65,8 Gold : 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 yen. Silver: yen. T.iliArln, Gold Silver Dollar 1. OO .66 2 Gold::dollar ($0.98,3), 2J,5, 10, and 20 dollars. SUvcr: dollar (or peso) IVTp'viro . . - Dollar and divisions. 'N^ptl!0'''laTifIs Gold and sil- Florin .40,2 Gold' 10 florins. Silver* \. 1. and ver. 2i florins. ?s e wfouiidlainl Gold Dollar 1.01 4 Gold: 2 dollars ($2.02,7>. (rold: 10 and 20 crowns. Norway . ......... do Crown . . . . 26 8 Peru Silver Gold .61 1.08 Silver: sol and divisions. Gold : 1, 2, 5, and 10 milreis. Portugal Milreia Silver fGold.... Euble..^ .77,2 Gold: imperial ($7.71,8), and J im- perial t($3.86). [silver . . .48,8 Silver : J, \, and 1 ruble. Spain Gold and sil- ver. Peseta .19,3 Gold: 25 pesetas. Silver: 5 pesetas. Sweden Gold Crov.n .26,8 Gold: 10 and 20 crowns. Switzerland Gold and sil- ver. Franc .19,3 Gold: 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 francs. Silver : 5 francs. Tripoli Silver Malibub of 20 piasters. .55 Turkey Gold Piaster . . , . . . .04,4 Gold: 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 pias- ters. Venezuela Gold and sil- Bolivar .19,3 Gold- 5,10, 20, 50, and 100 bolivars. ver. Silver : 5 bolivars. * Gold the nominal standard. Silver practically the standard. I Coined since January 1, 1836. Old half impeVial := $3.98,6. 186 PAPERS ACCOMPAInYING THE Valxtes of Foreign Coins, July 1, 1893. Value in terms Country. Standard. Monetary unit. of United States gold dollar. Coins. Argentine EepuLlic . fJold nndsil. Peso. ■■■■■. ■«-•■- $0. 96, 5 Gold: argentine ($4.82,4) and J argen- tine. SUver: peso and division. ver. / Gold: former system— 4 florins ($1.92,9), 8 florins ($3.85,8), ducat ($2.28,7) and 4 ducats ($9.15,8). Silver: 1 and 2 florins. Gold: present system— 20 crowns Austria-Hungary. . . Gold Crown .•■■■■■••-. .20,3 I ($4.05,2) and 10 crowns ($2.02,6). Tiplf'inTii ........ (rold a.Dd sil- Franc............ .19,3 Gold: 10 and 20 francs. Silver: 5 ver. francs. Silver Gold Boliviano Milreis ..•••.. .60,4 .54,6 Silver : boliviano and divisions. Gold : 5, 10, and 20 milreis. SUver : J, 1, and 2 milreis. Brazil British possessions North America do Dollar 1.00 « (except New Foundland) . Central American States- Costa Kica Guatemala Silver Peso .60,4 Silver: peso and divisions. Nicaragua Salvador Chile Gold and sil- ver. do .91,2 Gold: escudo ($1.82,4), doubloon ($4.50,1), and condor ($9.12,3). Sil- ver: iieso and divisions. fShanghai . .89,2 China ...... Silver Tael.'jllaikwan [(cusroms). .99,4 Colomhia do Peso. ...•••...... .60,4 Gold: condor ($9.64,7) .and double- condor. Silver: peso. Cul)^ Gold and sil- ver. .. do .92,6 Gold: doubloon ($5.01,7). Silver: peso. Gold. Silver Crown . 26, 8 ' Gold : 10 and 20 crowns. 1 Ecuador Sucre .60,4 Gold: condor ($9.04,7) and double- condor. Silver: sucre and divi- sions. Egypt..... Gold Pound (100 pias- 4. 94, 3 Gold : pound (100 piasters), 5, 10, 20, S ters). and 50 piasters. Silver: 1,2,5,10, and 20 piasters. Finland ....do Mark .19,3 Gold: 20 marks ($3.85,9), 10 marks ($1.93). France Gold and sil- ver. Franc .19,3 Gold: 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 francs. Silver: 5 francs. German Empire Great Britain Gold Mark '>3 8 Gold : 5, 10, .and 20 marks. ....do Pound sterling.,. . 4. 86, 6J Gold: sovereign (pound sterling) and J sovereign. Greece ....... Gold and sil- ver. Drachma .19,3 Gold : 5, 10, 20, 50, and 1 00 drachmas. SUver: 5 drachmas. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Values of Foreign Coins, July 1, 1893— Continued. 187 Country. Standard. Monetary unit. Value in terms of United States gold dollar. « Coins. Haiti Gold and sil- A'er. Silver Gold and sil- ver. ....do.* Gold Silver Gourde $0.96,5 .28,7 .19,3 .99,7 .65,1 100. .65,6 .40,2 1. 01, 4 .20,8 .60,4 1.08 77,2 .48,3 .19,3 !26,8 .19,3 .54,5 .04,4 .19,3 Silver: gourde. Gold: mohur ($7.10,5). Silver: ru- pee and divisions. Gold : 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 lire. Sil- ver : 5 lire. Gold: 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 yen. Silver: yen. Gold: doUar ($0.98,3), 2J, 5, 10, and 20 dollars. Silver: dollar (or peso) and divisions. Gold: 10 florins. Silver: J, 1, and 2i florins. Gold: 2 dollars ($2.02,7). Gold: 10 and 20 crowns. Silver: sol and dfvisions. Gold: 1,2, 5, and 10 milreis. Gold: imperial ($7.71,8) and J impe- rial t ($3.86). Silver : J, J, and 1 ruble. Gold : 25 pesetas. Silver : 5 pesetas. Gold: 10 and 20 crowns. Gold: 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 francs. Silver : 5 francs. Gold: 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 pias- ters. Gold : 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 boUvars. Silver : 5 bolivars. Eupoo Ttalv Lira Japan T,il>pria f Gold.. ^e°--- J Silver. Dollar "IVfi^xifo ....do Ketherlands Kewfoiiiidland ^""orway Gold and sil- ver. Gold do Florin Dollar Crown Silver Gold Silver: Gold and sil- ver. Gold Gold and sil- ver. Silver Gold Gold and sil- ver. Sol Portuo'al Milreis Kussia Spain TGold.. Ruble.. . -! (.Silver. Peseta Crown Switzerland Tripoli Franc Malibub of 20 piasters. Turkey Venezuela * Gold tbo nominal standard. Silver practically the standard, t Coined since January 1, 1886. Old balf-imperial=$3.D8,6. t Silver the nominal standard. Paper the actual currency, the the gold staudai-d. depreciation of which is measured by 188 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Values of Foreign Coins, October 1, 1893. Talue in terras Country. Standard. Monetary unit. of United States gold dollar. Coins. Argentine Kepublic. Gold and sil- Peso $0. 96, 5 Gold : Argentine ($4.82,4) and J argen- tine. Silver: peso and divisions. ver. Gold: former system — 4 florins ($1.92,9), 8 florins ($3.85,8), ducat Anstria-Himgary... Gold Crown .20,3 ($2.28,7) and 4 ducats (9.15,8). Silver: 1 and 2 florins. Gold: present system— 20 crowns ($4.05,2) and 10 crowns ($2.02,6). Eranc .19,3 Gold: 10 and 20 francs. Silver: 5 ver. francs. BoliA'ia ........ Ril vpr T?ollVl'*T10 5^ 1 RilvpT* "RrtliviATift '^Tifl flivi^ifiTm Brazil Gold ATilreis .54,6 Gold: 5, 10, and 20 milreis. Silver: i, 1, and 2 milreis. British Possessions North A.merica do Dollar 1.00 (except New- foundland) . -Central American States- Costa Eica Guatemala Honduras > Nicaragua Silver Peso .53,1 Silver: peso and divisions. Salvador Chile Gold and sil- ver. do .91,2 Gold: escudo ($1.82,4), doubloon ($4.50,1), audcondor ($9.12,3). Sil- ver: peso and divisions. (■Shanghai . .78,4 China ... Silver ... Tael i 1 Gold: pound (100 piasters), 5, 10, 20, and 50 piasters. Silver : 1, 2, 5. 10, and 20 piasters. Finland do ■\Tnrlc ... 19 3 Gold: 20 marks ($3.85,9), 10 marks ($1.93). Prance Gold and sil- ver. Eranc .... .19,3 Gold: 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 francs. Silver : 5 francs. German Empire Gold Mark .23 8 Gold : 5, 10, and 20 marks. Great Britain ....do Pound sterling . . 4. 80, Ci Gold: sovereign (pound sterling) and J sovereign. Greece Gold and sil- ver. Drachma .19,3 Gold : 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 drachmas, Silver : 5 drachmas. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 189 Vai.ues of Foreign Coixs, October 1, 1893— Coutinued. Country. Haiti Indi.i Italy . Japan .. Liberia . Mexico , Xetberlands . Newfoundland . !N"or'>vay Peru Portusal Kussia. Spain . Sweden Switzerland Tripoli , Turkey Tenezuela . Standard. Gold and sil- ver. Silver Gold and sil- ver. ...do. * Gold Silver Gold and sil- ver. Gold ...do Silver Gold Silver: Gold and sil- ver. Gold Gold and sil- ver. Silver , Gold Gold and sil- ver. Monetary unit. Gourde . Rupee . . Lira yen. ..\ Dollar ....do Gold.. ^Silver Florin . Dollar . Crown . Sol Milreis Eublo . Peseta . Crown . Franc. CGold... Silver .. Mahhub of 20 piasters. Piaster Bolivar Value in teiTns of United States gold dollar. $0. 96, 5 .19,3 .99,7 .57,3 LOO .57, 7 .40,2 1.01,4 .26,8 .53,1 LOS .77,2 Coins. .42, 5 .19 3 .26 8 .19 3 .47 9 .04 4 .19 3 Silver: gourde. Gold: mobur ($7.10,5). Silver: ru- pee and divisions. Gold : 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 lire. Sil- ver: 5 lire. Gold: 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 yen. Silver: yen. Gold: dollar ($0,98,3), 2J, 5, 10, and 20 dollars. Silver : dollar (or peso) and divisions. Gold: 10 florins. Silver: J, 1, and 2J florins. Gold: 2 dollars ($2.02,7). Gold : 10 and 20 crowns. Silver: sol and divisions. Gold: 1, 2, 5, and 10 milreis. Gold: imperial ($7.71,8) and J im- perial t ($3,86). Silver: J, i, and 1 ruble. Gold: 25 pesetas. Silver: 5 pesetas. Gold: 10 and 20 crowns. Gold: 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 francs. Silver : 5 francs. Gold : 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 piasters Gold: 5,10,20, 50, and 100 bolivars. Silver : 5 bolivars. * Gold the nominal standard. Silver practically tbe standard, t Coined since January 1, 1886. Old half- imperial = $3.98,6. I Silver tbe nominal standard. Paper tbe actual cuiTency, tbe depreciation of wbicb is measured by the gold standard. * # * 4f ' # * « THE BRUSSELS INTERNATIONAL MONETARY" CONFERENCE. • Some notice of this conference will naturally be expected in tliis report. It was the fourth international monetary conference, and the thkd at which the possibility of adopting the system of bimetallism by inter- national agreement was exhaustively and profoundly discussed. The first international monetary conference was that of 18G7. It met on the invitation of the French Government "to consider the question of uniformity of coinage, and to seek for the basis of ulterior negotia- tions." It came together in the city of Paris on June 17. Eighteen of the principal countries of Europe, and the United States were repre- sented at it, the latter by Hon. Samuel B. Ruggles, of I^ew York. The conference voted unanimously against the adoption by the coun- 190 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE tries represented of the silver standard exclusively, and nnanimously, with, tlie excei^tion of the ]S"etlierlauds, in favor of the single gold stand- ard. It also voted tliat an international coinage should consist of "types with a common denominator for weight, in gold coins of iden- tical fineness," and that that fineness should be .900. By a vote of 13 to 2 it favored the 5-franc gold piece as the common denominator, and voted that gold coins having this common denominator should have legal circulation in the countries agreeiiig to the action of the confer- ence, and that it would be expedient to coin gold pieces of 25 francs for interu ational circulation . At the final session of the conference it was voted to refer these and other decisions reached to the several States for diplomatic action, and that information of the action of the States should be transmitted to the French Government, which should have power to reassemble the conference. The conference adjourned July G, and was not reassembled. The second international monetary conference was that of 1878. It was called by the United States. The act of February 28, 1878, directed the President to invite the governments of Europe to join in a confer- ence to adopt a common ratio between gold and silver for the purpose of establishing internationally the use of bimetallic money and secur- ing fixity of relative value between these metals. The conference met at Paris on the IGth of August. Twelve countries Avere represented, the United States by Reuben E. Fenton, of ]S"ew York; W. S. Groes- beck, of Ohio, and Francis A. Walker, of Connecticut. S. Dana Hor- ton, the secretary of the American delegation, was admitted to the conference as a member. It is worthy of note that Germany declined to send delegates to this conference. At the second session Mr. Groesbeck, onbehalf of the United States, laid two propositions before the conference: (1) That it was not to be desired that silver be excluded from free coinage in Europe and the United States. (2) That the use of both gold and silver as unlimited legal tender may be safely adopted by equalizing them at a ratio fixed by international agreement. These propositions were discussed in their every phase by the dele- gates of the various states dui'ing the seven sessions of the conference. The collective answers to them of all the European delegates, save those of Italy, were presented by the president, Mr. Leon Say, and were : (1) That it was necessary to preserve in the world the monetary func- tion of silver as well as of gold, but that the choice of one or the other, or of both simultaneously, should be governed by the special situation of each state or groux) of states. (2) That the question of the restric- tion of the coinage of silver also should be left to the discretion of each state or group of states. (3) That the differences of opinion that had appeared excluded the adoption of a common ratio between the two metals. The conference adjourned on the 29th of August. The third international monetary conference, that of 1881, was called in January of that year by the governments of France and the United States "to examine and adoiJtfor the purpose of submitting the same to the governments represented, a plan and a system for the retistablish- ment of the use of gold and silver as bimetallic money according to a settled relative value between those metals." Nineteen countries were represented. Tlie representatives of the United States were Hon. William M. Evarts, of New York; Allen G. Thurman, of Ohio; Timothy O, Howe, of Wisconsin, and S. Dana Hortou. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 191 Like the debates of the previous conferences, those of the present one were marked by the highest ability and by a thorough mastery on the part of the several delegates of monetary science. They covered twelve sessions. At the thirteenth, Mr. Evarts, on behalf of the delegates of France and the United States, and in the name of their respective governments, read a declaration in which they stated : (1) That the depression and great fluctuations of the value of silver relatively to gold are injurious to commerce and to the general prosper- ity, and the establisliment of a fixed ratio of value between them would produce the most important benefits to the commerce of the Avorld. (2) That a bimetallic convention entered into between an important group of states for the free coinage of both silver and gold at a fixed ratio and with full legal-tender faculty would cause and maintain a stability in the relative value of the two metals suitable to the interests and requirements of commerce. (3) That any ratio now or lately in use by any commercial nation, if so adopted, could be maintained, but that the adoption of the ratio 15.J to 1 would accomplish the object with less disturbance to existing monetary systems than any other ratio. (4) That a convention which should include England, France, Ger- many, and the United States, with the concurrence of other states, wliich this combination would assure, would be adequate to produce and maintain throughout the commercial world the relation between the two metals that such convention should adopt. After this declaration had been read, certain members, through the president, ex^jressed a desire for adjournment, but this met with oppo- sition from Mr. Forsell, delegate from Sweden, who thought that an adjournment would give a character of permanence to the conference, whereas it was better to acknowledge at once that bimetallism had col- la j)sed and that the resolutions of the European delegates at the confer- ence of 1878 should be reaffirmed. After a short recess the president read a resolution reciting that, in view of the speeches and observations of the delegates and the declarations of the several governments, there was ground for believing that an understanding might be established between the states which had taken part in the conference, but that it was expedient to suspend its meetings; that the monetary situation might in some states call for governmental action, and that there Mas reason for giving opportunity for diplomatic negotiations. The con- ference was adjourned to April 12. 1882. It was never reconvened. The fourth international monetary conference was called by the Gov- ernment of the United States "for the purpose of conferring as to what measure, if any, can be taken to increase the use of silver as money in the currency systems of nations." The conference met at Brussels on the 22d of l^ovember, 1892. Twenty countries were represented. The delegates of the United States were Hon. William B. Allison, Hon. John P. Jones, Hon. James B. McCreary, Mr. Henry W. Cannon, Mr. E. Benjamin Andrews, and Hon. Edwin H. Terrell. The report of the American delegates will be found in the Api)endix. * * * * . * * * E. E. Preston, Director of the Mint. Hon. John G. Carlisle, Secretary of the Treasury. 192 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE KEPORT OF THE COMPTKOLLER OF THE CURRENCY. Treasury Department, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Washington^ December 4, 1S93. Sir : lu compliauce witli law I have tlie lionor to licrewitli submit for tli8 consideration of Congress tlie annual report of the Comptroller of the Currency. It covers the year which ended October 31, 1893, and is the thirty-first report made since the organization of the Bureau. The records of the Bureau show that at the close of the year the total number of national banks in active operation was 3,796, with an autliorized capital stock of $083,598,120, represented by 7,450,000 shares, held by 300,000 shareholders. On October 3, the date of their last report of condition, the total resources of the 3,781 banks then in operation was $3,109,563,284.30, of which their loans and discounts aggregated $1,843,034,107.51, and money of all kinds in bank $309,802,03^0:97. Of their liabilities $1,451,- 124,330.50 represented individual deposits, $339,153,447.54 surplus and net undivided profits, and $182,959,725.90 circulating notes outstanding. The total amount of circulation of national banks, October 31, as shown by the books of the office, was $209,311,993, a net increase during the year of $30,880,972 and a gross increase of $40,775,105 on circulation secured by a deposit of bonds. During the year 119 banks were organized in thirty-two States and Territories, with a capital stock of $11,230,000. Of these 44, with a capital stock of $5,135,000, are located in the Eastern States, 41 west of the Mississippi River, with a capital stock of $2,340,000, and 34 in the Central and Southern States, with a capital stock of $3,755,000. The number of banks whose charters were extended was 40, dis- tributed throughout twenty-five States, with a capital stock of $5,040,000, and circulation to the amount of $1,585,925. The charters of 4 expired, but in each instance the banks were succeeded by new associations. Within the same period 158 banks suspended, with a capital stock of $30,350,000. Of this number, however, 80, with a capital stock of $18,205,000, resumed business. The number which passed into the hands of receivers was 05, Avith a capital stock of $10,935,000. On October 31 seven remained in the charge of examiners, with pros- pects of speedy resumption. Forty- six banks, with a capital stock of $5,735,000, went into voluntary liquidation. By comparing the foregoing synopsis of the history of the banks for the year ended October 31, 1893, with that of the year ended October 31, 1892, as the same is set forth in the Comptroller's Report for that year, the following changes are noted: The number of banks organ- ized decreased 44, receiverships increased 48, voluntary liquidations decreased 7, corporate extensions decreased 47, and exj)irations of cor- porate existence decreased 7. The total gain in the number of active banks was 8. The varying condition of the banks throughout the year appears from the following abstract of the reports of condition, made in response to the five calls required by law. EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 193 Summary of the State and Condition of every National Bank Reporting During the Year ended October 3, 1893. Dec. 9, 1S92. Mar. 6, 1893. 3,784 banks. 3,806 banks May 4, 1S93. 3,830 banks. July 12, 1893. 3,807 bank!3. Oct, 3, 1893. 3,781 banks. RESOrP.CES. Loans and discounts U. S. bonds to secure circulation IT. S. bonds to secure deposits IT. S. bonds on hand . Stocks, 8ecurities,etc Due from reserve agents Due from national banks Due from State banks and bankers Banking liouse, fur- niture, and fixtures Other real estate and mortgages o\^Tied . Current expense.'} and taxes paid Premiums on U. S. bonds Chccksand other cash items Exchanges for clear- inghouso Bills of other national banks Fractional currency, nickels, and cents . Specie Legal-tender notes . . U. S. certifs. of de- posit Five perccntredemp- tion fund Due from Treasurer other th.an 5 per cent fund Total - LIABILITIES. Capital stock paid in - Surplus fund TJndivided profits - . . National-bank notes outstanding State-bank notes out- standing Dividends unpaid . . . Individual deposits . U.S. deposits Deposits of U. S. dis- bursing officers Due to other national banlis Due to State banks and bankers Notes and bills re- diseountcd Bills payable Liabilities, other ;2, 106,615,720. 166, 449, 250. 15, 321, 000. 4, 148, 600. 153, 648, 180. 204, 948, 159. 142, 623, 106. 34, 403, 231. 72, 294, 364. 15, 920, 687. 14, 204, 970. 13, 913, 289. 16, 755, 332. 110, 522, 668. 20, 488, 781. 893, 903. 209,895,260. 102, 276, 335. 6, 470, 000. 7, 282, 413, 1, 268, 405. 03 $2,159,614,002.48 170, 090, 550. 00 15,351,000.00 4, 372, 600. 00 153, 420, 770. 68 202,612,051.30 124, 384, 884. 35 30, 120, 300. 21 72, 680, 314. 23 17, 030, 004. 31 10, 992, 932. 60 13, 270, 631. 10 18, 755, 010. 52 125, 142, 839. 74 18, 248, 706. 00 945, 532. 50 208, 341, 810. 42 90, 935, 774. 00 14, 675, OOO. 00 7, 401, 830. 74 1, 322, 444. 00 3, 480, 349, 667. 19 3, 459, 721, 235. 78 689, 239, 114, 698, 017. 931,932. 603, 884. Total. 115,669,499.00 1, 1, 764, 9, 4, 323, 160, 15, 9, 1, 688. 642, 876. 245, 478, 362. 103, 067, 550. 149, 124, 818. 00 74, 176. 50 75, 075. 308, 137. 97 1. 350, 392. 456,177. HI], 751, 439, 374. 673,349. 034, 240. 339, 449. 778, 117. 775, 618. 318, 249. 688, 817. 9, 813, 762. 3, 927, 760. 304, 785, 336. 166, 901, 054. 14, 021. 596. 18, 180, 228. 2, 913, 047. ;2,161,401,858. 172, 412, 550. 15, 261, 000. 3, 519, 550. 150, 747, 862. 174, 312, 119. 121, 673, 794. 32, 081, 70S. 73, 386, 921. 16, 646, 853. 11,746,470. 12, 935, 077. 17. 546, 973. 114, 977, 271. 20, 085, 688. 952, 810. 207, 222, 141. 103,511,103. 12, 130, 000. 7, 467, 989. 59 00 00 00 so 44 24 90 79 69 23 74 93 08 00 90 81 00 00 77 $2,020,483,671.04 176, 588, 050. 00 15, 256, 000. 3, 078, 050. 149, 690, 701. 159, 352, 677. 111,956,506. 27, 211, 234. 72, 750, 830. 16, 632, 446. 4, 892, 772. 11, 933, 094. 16, 707, 680. 107, 765, 890. 20, 135, 054. 952. 332. 186, 761, 173. 95, 833, 677. 6, 660, 000. 7, 600, 601. 1,556,891.28 1,019,074.42 $1,843,634,167.51 206, 463, 850. 08 14, 816, 000. 09 2, 760, 950. 00 148, 569, 950. 46 158, 499, 644. 28 94, 740, 014. 97 24, 229, 106. 82 72, 322, 826. 68 16, 828, 949. 40 11, 071, 996. 65 13,981,807.44 15, 359, 764. 56 106, 181, 394. 59 22, 402, 611. 08 1, 026, 813. 90 224, 703, 860. 07 114, 709, 352. 00 7, 020, 000. 00 8,977,414.18 1, 262, 749. 85 3, 432, 176, 697. 25,3, 213, 261, 731. 94 688,701,200.00 085,786,718. 246, 139, 133. 32 249, 138, 300. 106, 906, 733. 57 93, 944, 649. 3, 109, 563, 284. 36 151, 694, 110. 00 1,749, 9, 4, 275, 153, 18, 21, 3, 75, 075. 579, 556. 930, 817. 657, 243. 293, 739. 127, 229, 500, 923. 155,070,821.50 75, 072. 3, 879, 673. 511,556,761,230. 10, 379, 842. 678, 540, 338. 93 246, 750, 781. 32 103, 474, 662. 87 182, 959, 725. 98 75, 069. 50 2, 874, 697. 59 49 10, 379, 842. 66 93 3,321,271.84 28 238. 913, 573. 51 94| 125, 979, 422. 16 17,1,451,124,330.55 953, 306. 98 29, 940, 438. 56, 500,247 " " ' 051, 379. .53 ., 31,381,451. 82 28, 683, 265. 08 ' 10,546,135.51 3, 776, 438. 21 226, 423, 979. 06 122, 891, 098. 21 21, 066, 737. 01 27,426,937.54 31, 632, 352. 16 3, 480, 349, 667. 19 3,459,721,235, rt,!.: 8|3, 432, 176, 697. 25 3, 213, 261, 731. 94 3, 109, 563, 284. 36 A comparison of the figures of 1893 witli those of 1892 in the foregoing table will indicate to what extent and in what respect the national- banking interests of the country suffered from the severe and unu- sual monetary stringency which characterized the greater portion of the past year. Comparing their aggregate resources or liabilities on Ab. 93 13 194 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE October 3, 1893, witli those of September 30, 1892, it is found tliey were $100,531,613 less, beiug but $3,109,503,281 on the former date as against $3,510,091,897 on the latter, the highest point ever reached in the his- tory of the national-bank system. This unparalleled shrinkage in lia- bilities is accounted for by a decrease between the dates mentioned in the following items, \iz: Capital stock $8,032,677, individual deposits $311,298,053, and bank and bankers' deposits $181,338,125. An increase is shown in circulation outstanding to the amount of $39,530,428, in liabilities of all kinds for money borrowed $54,464,628, and in surplus and undivided profits $9,701,265. Kot less marked is the decrease in the items making uj) the resources of the banks. It shows as follows: Loans and discounts, $327,406,920; stocks, securities, etc., $5,965,564, and due from banks and bankers, $132,054,654. Cash of all kinds on hand increased $21,991,191, includ- ing $8,410,815 in gold, and United States bonds held for all purposes increased $40,601,250. These figures illustrate the for-reaching effect of the year's financial depression and show that when i)anic-stricken deposi- tors withdrew their money the banks of necessity, to meet the siulden and extraordinary demands made upon them, called in their loans and discounts, supplementing such amounts by borrowed money and the ad- ditional circulation which they were able to procure from the Govern- ment through a deposit of bonds. A closer examination of the figures contained in the reports of condi- tion made to the Comptroller shows this shrinkage to have occurred chiefly between May 4 and October 3, 1893. Within this period of five months $298,806,487 of individual deposits and $79,313,076 of bank deposits, a total sum of $378,119,563 was withdrawn from the banks. To meet this withdrawal loans and discounts were reduced to the amount of $318,767,691; amounts due from banks and bankers, $51,198,856, and stocks, securities, etc., $2,177,912, and to provide against further danger of withdrawals of deposits, which strongly menaced them, the banks between the same dates increased their liabilities for money borrowed in various wavs 836,615,092, and through the taking out of additional circulation $31,265,616, of which amount $27,888,905 was taken out between July 12 and October 3, 1893. The cash resources of the banks, which on May 4, 1893, amounted to $343,901,803, were $32,559,267 less on July 12, but between that date and October 3 increased $59,520,11'0, amounting at the last-named date to $369,862,637, the largest sum ever held by them. This was accumu- lated in the face of continued heavy withdrawals of deposits and is the most practical demonstration that could be had of the solvency of the banks as a whole and their ability in an emergency to rapidly con- vert their assets into cash. It is unnecessary to here enter upon a further or more specific analy- sis of these tables. They comply in detail with the requirements of the law, and show " a summary of the state and condition of every asso- ciation from which rex)orts have been received the preceding year, at the several dates to which said reports refer, with an abstract of the whole amount of banking capital returned hj them, of the whole amount of their debts and liabilities, the amount of circulating notes outstand- ing, and the total amount of means and resources, specifying the amount of lawful money held by them at the times of their several returns." The careful and unbiased student of the facts shown in this summary must inevitably reach the conclusion that the cause which more than all others contributed to bringing about the stagnation of the past months in commercial business, the suspension of manufacturing and the EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 195 closing of mills, was this unprecedented demand on tlie part of depositors for money which the banks had distributed through the channels of trade and which, to meet this demand, they were obliged to withdraw. The situation made so dangerous for the banks by the action of de- j)ositors caused a sudden contraction of the volume of money needed and already employed for business wants, prevented the making of new loans and rendered it hazardous on the part of the banks to grant renewals of credit, already extended. It is to be said, however, that despite the dangers threatening them, the banks contributed in the largest measure by a wise, judicious and, under all the circumstances, generous course, to the prevention of a general commercial x>anic. In evidence of this is the fact that at no time throughout the prolonged monetary stringency was there complaint made to the ComiDtroUer by any depositor, creditor, or patron of a national bank on account of the treatment accorded him, either as to cash payments of indebtedness, or for any other reason. ******* The marked difference in the number of banks organized during the year ended October 31, 1893, as compared with the preceding year, arises largely from the changed monetary conditions, but is also due in a measure to the very rigid rules now enforced in the granting of char- ters. It has become the policy of this Bureau to more carefully scruti- nize all api)lications for authority to organize new banks, as the Comp- troller appreciates the necessity of discrimination to protect the sys- tem from the entrance of associations whose weakness would be an injury. To this end the Oomj)troller before approving an application for authority to organize, satisfies himself in detail as to the business experience and financial responsibility of each of the applicants, by information obtained through inquiries from sources believed to be reliable. BANKS OTHER, THAN NATIONAL. That the general statement of the resources, liabilities, and condi- tion of banks and banking companies other than national, namely, State, savings, private banks, and loan and trust companies, may be presented to Congress, as is required by law, the Comptroller, through the courtesy of State officers having supervision of these institutions, has obtained official returns from each State and Territory, excepting Delaware, Maryland, South Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kansas, Nevada, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Arizona, and Oklahoma. A sum- mary of this information is here given to complete a resume of the various banking interests of the country throughout the past year. It will be found in detail in the tables which appear in the apx)endix. At the close of the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, there were in operation in the United States 5,024 incorporated banks, banking insti- tutions, and savings banks, and from 4,837, or 96 per cent, reports of conditions were received, an increase of 419 over the number reporting last year. The number of private banks from which reports were received is 313 less than last year, but the net increase is 106. In view of the fact that the returns from banks other than national show their condition in most of the States prior to the financial strin- gency of 1893, the effect of that depression does not appear in these statistics with respect to banks organized under State authority. The total resources of the 4,837 incorporated and 848 private banks, as shown by the returns fi'om both official and unofficial sources, amount to $3,979,008,533, of which loans and overdrafts are $2,348,193,07 7 j United 196 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE States bonds, $149,982,221 ; State, coiiuty, etc., bonds, $407,709,901 ; raH- .road bonds and stocks, $133,729,231; bank stocks, $45,752,014; all other bonds, stocks, and securities, $272,430,923; due from banks and cash on band, $250,700,719 and $205,645,203, respectively. Of the liabilities the capital reported is $400,007,240; surplus and undivided profits, $340,200,287; individual deposits, $1,285,311,723; savings deposits, $1,785,150,957. The capital employed by the 3,579 State banks is $250,707,709, and their deposits $700,865,043. The re- ported capital of the 228 loan and trust companies is $94,807,208, and deposits $480,244,079. The cai ital of the private banks is $20,943,075 and deposits $08,552,690. Nearly 51 per cent of the resources of the 5,085 banks is reported by the 1,030 savings banks, of which 014 are mutual and 381 stock savings institutions; the resources of the former, however, are over 84 per cent of those of both classes. With the exception of two banlcs in the Southern and 10 in the Western States, mutual savings banks are confined to the Eastern and Middle States. Excepting 17 in tlie Eastern and 7 in the Middle States, stock savings banks are located in the Southern, Western, and Pacific States and Territories. It also appears that while the entire deposits in mutual savings institutions are "savings," the reports show that over 10 per cent of the deposits in the other class are not of that nature, and the pre- sumption is that the percentage is much greater, as it is known that stock savings banks in certain States make no classification of deposits, and yet transact a commercial as well as a savings bank business. ******* A condensation of the foregoing for the sake of comparison with national banks shows the principal items of resources and liabilities, and the total resources of banks other than national, as indicated by the latest returns to the Comx)troller, to be as follows: Items. Loans United States bonds other bonds Capital Surplus and undivided profits Deposits Total resources State banlis. $763, 051, 774 412, 654 76, 143, 722 250, 767, 709 103, 137, 836 706, 865, 643 1, 130, 725, 537 Loan and trust companies. $462, 823, 514 18, 486, 636 110, 338, 265 94, 867, 268 70,771,477 486, 244, 079 726, 664, 506 Savings banks. $1, 047, 270, 478 129, 610, 783 CG9, 761, 693 33, 429, 188 163,473,173 1, 808, 800, 262 2,013,775,147 Private banks. $75, 047, 311 1, 472, 148 3. 378, 449 26, 943, 075 8, 823, 801 68, 552, 696 107, 843, 343 That comiiarison is herewith made : Loans, etc United States bonds All other bonds Capital stock Surplus and profits . Deposits Total resources National banks. $1, 843, 634, 168 224, 040, 800 148, 569, 050 678, 540, 339 350, 225, 444 1, 465, 44G, 904 3, 109, 563, 284 All other banks. $2, 348, 193, 077 149. 982, 221 859, 622, 129 406, 007, 240 346, 206, 287 3, 070, 462, 680 3, 979, 008, 533 SUSPENSIONS OF NATIONAL BANKS. In the introductory pages of this report is indicated the number of associations " whose business has been closed during the year." In the appendix will be found tables giving in detail names, location, circu- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 197 lation redeemed and outstanding, voluntary liquidations, failures, and temporary suspensions of banks as is required by the statute to be fiu-- nislied to Congress, together with such other facts as arc necessary. It does not seem essential, nor would it be possible to enter into a minute statement of all the circumstances attendant ui)on the closing of the banks during the past year. It is sufiScient to say that the cause which brought about the large proportion of such suspensions was the action of depositors who, becoming doubtful of the solvency of the banking institutions of the country, withdrew their dejjosits. The re- sult was that many banks after paying out on the one hand all the money in their vaults and failing to collect their loans on the other, sus- pended and loassed into the hands of the Comptroller. With a full knowledge of the general solvency of these institutions and the cause which brought about their suspension, the policy was inaugurated of giving all banks, which, under ordinary circumstances would not have closed, and whose management had been honest, an opportunity to re- sume business. This policy was one which seemed to commend itself to the Comptroller as proper to pursue under the circumstances, and it is believed the results have justified the experiment of its adoption. In no instance has any bank been permitted to resume on money bor- rowed or for which as an association it has become liable. Whenever those active in the management of the banks resuming, either as exec- utive officers or directors, have been debtors to such banks, their in- debtedness has been paid or secured, and whenever impairment of cap- ital stock has been found, such impairment has been made good, either by voluntary or enforced assessment on the shareholders. In a num- ber of instances changes have been made in the directory and offi- cial corps of resuming banks. The criticism to be made upon the man- agement of these banks was the imi)roi)er distribution of their loans, a circumstance which greatly retarded the conversion of such loans into money at a time when it was needed to avoid suspension. Of the banks which failed to resume many had long been under the continual criticism of this Bureau for violatioriS of law and imprudent methods of banking, and the closing of them was only hastened by the general condition of financial affairs. Some failed because of criminal acts on the part of the officials in charge, and others because of a lack of proper appreciation of the purposes of a bank. An analysis of the suspensions and failures which occurred shows that during the year 158 national banking associations, as heretofore stated, were comx)elled to susx^end business, being 4.09 per cent of the number of existing associations. Their capital stock aggregated $30,350,000, or approximately 4.3 per cent of the paid-in capital stock of all the banks in the system. Of the banks which suspended 65, or 41.14 j)er cent, with a total capital stock of $10,935,000, were insolvent, and required the appointment of receivers; 80, or 54.43 per cent, with a capital stock aggregating $18,205,000, were able to resume business and 7, or 4.43 per cent, with a capital stock of $1,210,000, were placed in charge of examiners in the expectation of resumption. Of the suspended banks two were located in the Kew England States, both in ]^ev\^ Hampshire, with a total cap- ital stock of $250,000, for each of which a receiver was appointed. In the ]\Iiddle States there were three suspensions — two in New York, with a total capital stock of $500,000, and one in Pennsylvania, with a capital stock of 850,000. Those in New York were placed in the hands of receivers, and the one in Pennsylvania in charge of an examiner pending proposed resumption. 198 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE There were 38 suspensions in the Southern States, the capital stock involved ag^gregating 88,815,000. Of these 19, with a total capital stock of $5,030,000, resumed business, aud the same number, with a total cap- ital stock ot $3,185,000, failed. In this geographical division, Texas furnished the greatest number of suspensions, namely 12, with a total capital stock of $1,480,000, of which G, with a total capital stock of $430,000, resumed business, and the remainder, capitalized to the amount of $1,050,000, failed. There were G suspensions in Kentucky and the same number in Tennessee. The total capital stock of those in Ken- tucky was $2,300,000 and of those in Tennessee $2,750,000. In Ken- tucky all the banks that suspended, except one, with a capital stock of $50,000, were permitted to resume business. Two of the banks in Ten- nessee, with a total capital stock of $2,000,000, resumed business and 4 were placed in the hands of receivers. Four banks in Georgia suspen- ded and the same number in Alabama, with a total capital stock of $075,000 and $550,000 respectively. Of these, 1 bank in Georgia, with a capital stock of $250,000, and 3 in xVlabama, with a total capital stock of $400,000, resumed business. Two banks in North Carolina suspended, with a total capital stock of $300,000, both of which were able to resume business, but the two which suspended in Florida, with a total capital stock of $200,000, required the appointment of receivers, as did also the one in Mississippi, which had a capital stock of $60,000, and the one in Arkansas, with a capital stock of $500,000. The Western States furnished 49 suspensions, with an aggregate capital stock of $10,125,000. Of these 31 resumed business, 17 failed, and 1 was placed in the charge of an examiner pending resumption or the appointment of a receiver. The cajiital stock of the banks which resumed aggregated $6,275,000, and of those which failed $3,750,000. The greatest number of suspensions whicli occurred in this section was in Kansas, namely, 8, although the capital stock involved, 6880,000, was less than that of the banks in four other States. Four of the banks in Kansas, with a total capital stock of $480,000, resumed, aud three, with a capital stock of $300,000, failed. Of the 7 banks in Indiana which suspended, 4, with a total capital stock of $450,000, resumed, and 3, with a total capital stock of $550,000, were placed in the hands of re- ceivers. In Iowa 6 banks suspended, with a total capital stock of $575,000, of which number but one ifailed, with a capital stock of $50,000. The same number of banks in Nebraska suspended, three of which, with a total capital stock of $350,000, resumed business, and receivers were appointed for tlie remaining three, the total capital stock of which was $450,000. Five banks suspended in Wisconsin, with a total capital stock of $625,000, all of which resumed business, while in Illinois there were 4 suspensions, with a capital stock aggregating $2,150,000. All of these were i^laced in the hands of receivers. In Missouri 3 banks suspended, with a total capital stock of $1,300,000, all of which resumed. In Michigan there were the same number of susi)ensions as in Missouri, but the capital stock involved aggregated only $215,000. But one of these banks resumed, the capital stock of which was $05,000. The fewest suspensions which occurred in any State in this division was in Ohio, there being but 2, the aggregate capital stock of which was $180,000. One of these banks, with a capital stock of $80,000, resumed business and the other failed. Sixty-six banks suspended in the Pacific States and Territories, being nearly 42 per cent of the total suspensions which occurred and represent capital stock amounting to 35 per cent of the total capital involved. Of these, 36 banks, with a capital of $6,300,000, were solvent EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 199 and resumed Dusiiiess; 25, witli a capital stock of $3,250,000, were placed in the liands of receivers, and 5, with a total capital of $1,000,- 000, in charge of examiners i)euding resumption. The greatest number of suspensions was in Colorado, invoMng the largest amount of capital stock of suspended banks of any State in the Union, the number being 16 and the capital $3,600,000. All of these banks resumed, excei)t two, the capital stock of whicli was $300,000. The second greatest number of suspensions occurred in the State of Washington, 14 banks, with an aggregate capital stock of $1,735,000. Of this number 4, with a capi- tal stock of $425,000, resumed; 3, with a capital stock of $510,000, were placed in charge of examiners pending resumption, and 7 failed. The suspensions in Montana numbered 10, and their capital stock amounted to $1,875,000. Of these, 2, with a capital stock of $300,000, resumed, and 7, with a capital stock of $1,075,000, were x)laced in the charge of receivers. Six suspensions occurred in Oregon, and the same number in California, the aggregate capital stock represented being $800,000 and $1,200,000, respectively. There was but one failure in each State, the capital stock in the case of the Oregon bank being $100,«00, and that of the California bank $250,000. There were 3 sus- pensions in Utah, 3 in Xorth Dakota, and 3 in South Dakota. The three banks in Utah, with a capital stock aggregating $250,000, re- sumed business, while the three in E"orth Dakota, with a total capital stock of $400,000, failed. Two of the banks in South Dakota, with a total capital stock of $100,000, were placed in the hands of receivers, and one, with a capital stock of $125,000, resumed. Two suspensions occurred in Wyoming, and the same number in Kew Mexico. One bank in Wyoming, with a capital stock of $200,000, resumed, and one, the capital stock of which was $50,000, failed. Of the banks in IS^e w Mexico, one, with a capital stock of $175,000, failed, and the other, with a capi- tal stock of $50,000, was placed in the hands of an examiner pending resumption or the appointment of a receiver. The only other sus- pension in this geographical division occurred in Oklahoma, being that of a bank with a capital stock of $50,000, which,being solvent, re- sumed. * SUSPENSION OF BANKS OTHER THAN NATIONAL. The same causes which so seriously aflected the national banks af- fected in like manner State, savings, and private banks, and loan and trust companies. During the year ended June 30, 1892, there were 09 failures of private banks and of those incorporated under State authority, with liabilities amounting to $11,024,028 and assets to $0,125,189. The fail- ures included 24 State banks, with $3,177,529 liabilities; 6 savings banks, with $917,000 liabilities; 36 private banks, with $6,505,099 lia- bilities; and 3 loan and trust companies, with $425,000 liabilities. The number of failures of this class during the last six months of 1892 was 35, of which 18 were State banks, 16 private banks, and 1 a loan and trust company. During the first eight months of the current calendar year the failures and suspensions, as reported by the Brad- street Agency, numbered 415, the assets aggregating $94,291,348 and the liabilities $97,193,530. Of these institutions 79, or 19 per cent, with liabilities amounting to 14 per cent of the total liabilities of the sus- pended banks, resumed business. 200 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE CLEARING-HOUSE LOAN CERTIFICATES. The unprecedented condition of the money market from June to September called for extraordinary remedies, not only to avert general disaster to the banks but to prevent commercial ruin. This remedy was the issuing of clearing-house loan certificates, which were brought into use as in 1873, 1884, 1890-'91, by the associated banks of New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and other cities where needed. The service rendered by them was invaluable, and to their timely issuance by the associated banks of the cities named is due the tact that the year's record of suspensions and failures is not greatly augmented. The form of these certificates, with the conditions under which they ■srere issued in 1890-'91 (the form and conditions being the same during the late issuance of them as then), is described at length in the Comp- troller's Annual Keport for 1891. The subject is alluded to again only because it constitutes a very important part of the year's banking his- tory, and for the additional reason that here and there are to be found those who entertain an entirely erroneous idea of the purpose for which these certificates were issued and what was accomplished by their issuance. Briefly stated, they were temporary loans made by the banks associated together as a clearing-house association, to the mem- bers of such association, and were available to such banks only for the purpose of settling balances due from and to each other, these balances under normal conditions of business being always settled in coin or cur- rency. Each clearing-house association selected a committee charged with the issuing of the certificates to each bank desiring the same, such bank being required before receiving them to deposit with the committee its bills receivable, or other securities, as collateral for the loan. The amount of certificates issued to each bank was limited to 75 per cent of the value of the securities deposited. They bore interest at rates varying from C to 7^0 per cent. Immediately upon their sur- render to the committee they were canceled and the securities held as collateral were returned to the bank depositing the same. At a time when vast sums of coin and currency were being with- drawn from the banks, to be hoarded, these loan certificates, by perform- ing the functions of the currency or coin customarily required for settling daily balances at the clearing house, released so much currency or coin to the legitimate and current demands of business and unquestionably placed it within the power of the banks in the cities named to extend to outside banks the aid needed on the one hand and liberally granted on the other. In no instance were these certificates designed to nor did they circulate as money. They were but due-bills and their sole function consisted in discharging the single obligation at the clearing house. An attempt on the part of a bank in any of the associations issuing these certificates to use them otherwise would have incurred a fine and other penalties provided in the rules governing such associa- tions. Their issuance at so early a date in the financial derangement of the country was most opiwrtune in not only preventing an acute l)anic, but in tending to restore i^ublic confidence, such action demon- strating that by mutual agreement of all, the weak banks of the asso- ciation would be, so far as depositors and other creditors were con- cerned, as strong as the strongest. In inaugurating the issuing of certificates so promptly and in issuing them to so large an amount the Clearing-house Association of XewYork, in particular, rendered the country great service, and the associated banks of that city are entitled to the credit which the public gener- ally accords them. EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 201 The following figures, sliowing the movement and amount of the issue of loan certificates in 1893 in the cities named, will indicate the measure of relief afforded by them : New York June 21 Philadelphia June 16 Boston June 27 Baltimore ' do . . . PittshurL' Aujr. 11 Date of issue of first cer- tificate. Date of largest amount out- standing. Total. Aug. 29 to Sept. 6 Aug. 15 Aug. 23 to Sept. 1 Aug. 24 to Sept. 9 Sept. 15 Largest amount out- standing. $38, 280, 000 10, 905, 000 11,445,000 1, 475, 000 987, 000 63, 152, 000 Date of surren- der of last cer- tificate. Amount outstand- ing Oct. 31. Kov. 1 ' $3,835,000 Oct.20 845,000 S 332,000 The issue of loan certificates in 1893 greatly exceeded that of pre\aous j^cars. In 1873 * and 1881 they were issued only by the New York Clearing House Association, the total amount issued in 1873 being $26,565,000 and in 1881 $21,915,000. In KS90-'91 they were issued in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, the largest amounts outstanding at any time being as follows: Date of first issue. Largest amount out- standing at any one time and date of same. New York . . . Boston Philadelphia. Nov. 12, 1890 Nov. 19, 1890 Nov. 19, 1890 $15, 205, 000, Dec. 13, 1890. 5. 005, 000, Dec. 6,1890. 8, 870, 000, Jan. 9,1891. Total 29, 140, 000 LAWFUL MONEY RESERVE. Not -less attention has been attracted during the present year, and particularly during the closing months of the year, to the subject of lawful-money reserve to be held by the banks, than to that of clear- ing-house loan certificates, and the discussion provoked has been quite as widespread. As the law now stands all national banks, outside of certain desig- nated "reserve cities," are required to maintain a reserve fund equal to 15 per cent of the net deposits made with such banks by individuals and by other banks and bankers. They are permitted by law to deposit not over three- fifths of this 15 per cent (or 9 per cent) with such national banks located in the "reserve cities" as the outside banks may with the Comptroller's approval select. The remaining two-fifths (or 6 per cent) must be kept in bank in lawful money, or more, if less than three fifths is kept with reserve agents. The national banks located in reserve cities are divided into two classes: (1) Those in the "cen- tral" reserve cities of New York, Chicago, and St. Louis being required to keep 25 per cent of their net deposits in bank in lawful money, with the Tirivilege of acting as the reserve agents of any national banks located outside of these three cities. (2) Those located in the reserve cities, other than New York, Chicago, and St. Louis, being required to keep 25 per cent of their net deposits on hand, not over one-half of *It appears from iuformatiou received since this report was printed, that the Philadelphia association also issued loan certificates in 1873, the total amount issued to 1880, when the last -vras retired, being $6,785,000. 202 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Avliicli may be deposited witli any national bank or banks located in any of tlie tliree central reserve cities, -wliile the remainder must be actually on band in lawful money. Tke banks in the reserve cities of tkis class have the privilege of holding a part of the reserve of any bank or banks located outside of all reserve cities, viz, banks of the 15 i^er cent class. In effect these requirements arc not as onerous as they appear, for a national bank in ISTew York City holding 8100,000 of the reserve of any other bank or banks on deposit must keep only $25,000 of the amount on hand in money, while it is at liberty to lend or other^Yise invest the remaining 875,000. So a bank in a reserve city of the second class holding 8100,000 on deposit for other national banks may loan out or invest 875,000 of the amount, and of the remaining $25,000 must keep 812,500 in bank in money and may deposit 812,500 with its reserve agents, receiving a low rate of interest (usually 2 per cent) on the same. A bank of the 15 per cent class must keep only G i:>er cent of its depos- itors' money actually on hand in banlc, and is at liberty to deposit not over 9 per cent with its reserve agents, on which it usually receives a low rate of interest. To illustrate the operation of the law it will be found that with normal conditions of business the banks in reserve cities (not central) held on December 9, 1892, net deposits amounting to 8195,196,952, against which they held 877,869,593 cash in bank, or about 16 per cent, and the 15 per cent banks held net deposits of 8975,622,088, and against these 8108,012,546 cash in bank, or about 11 per cent. Again, a large portion of the reserve actually held by the banks can not be considered as taken out of circulation, or as hoarded through operation of the law, for much of it is paid out during each business day, other money coming in through dex)osits to take the place of that paid out. In any vicTv of the matter, however, the intent of the law is to com- pel a bank to retain always on hand a very moderate ijroportion of the money deposited with it for safe keeping by the depositor, who prac- tically makes a loan to the bank x>ayable on demand, for the use of which he ordinaril}^ receives no interest. The entire effect is to exercise a wholesome restraint upon a tendency to an undue extension of business by a bank, and that this intent is recognized as an underlying principle of safe and conservative commercial banking is evidenced by the ftict that those banks which are comi)elIed by law to maintain but 15 per cent reserve have voluntarily for years past held an average of over 25 per cent, the i)roi)ortion required for banks located in reserve cities. The evident theory of the law is that a bank shall always have on hand such an amount of lawful money as will enable it under normal conditions of business to meet the current demands of its depositors. A careful examination of section 5191, United States Eevised Statutes, as amended, will show that it is expected that emergencies will arise under which this fund will fall below the legal requirements. This con- tingency is distinctly recognized by the plain provisions contained in the section named, prescribing what shall be done " whenever the lawful money reserve of any association shall be below the amount" of the required percentage of its deposits. The provisions referred to are that the bank shall make no new loans or discounts, except the discount of bUls of exchange payable at sight, nor make any dividend of its prof- its until the required amount of reserve has been again accumulated. The reason for this is obvious. The depletion of a bank's reserve occurs either because the bank has loaned out or otherwise invested too great a proportion of the funds it has received on deposit, or that REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 203 its depositors have witlidrawu their money to an extent which pro- duces a similar result. In either case the only safe and i^rudent course for the bank to pursue is to cease paying out money in any direction except to depositors until either through the collection of demand or maturing loans on the one hand, or the receipt of deposits on the other, the required proportion has been restored. The discount of sight bills of exchange is excepted because money invested in this way will be repaid immediately, and in this branch of its business the bank's customers will be caused no inconvenience and the commercial interests of the covintry be thus protected from loss which otherwise might ensue. The statistics show that the volume of business carried on through cash transactions is on an average but 8,7 per cent, and as the mone- tary conditions of the country become more fixed and confidence in them established, cash transactions will decrease and credit transactions cor- respondingly increase. This fact is to be considered in connection with all plans having as their sole object an increase of the volume of bank- note or other pax)er currency, and coupled with this is the further fact that no issue is so dangerous to a people's prosperity as a large paper issue, unless such paper rests upon a proper foundation, is absolutely redeemable and convertible into coin upon the demand of the note- holder, and surrounded with every safeguard as to supervision of issue and redemption. In view of the fact that there is now a very great abundance of un- employed currency in the country, asshovrnby the daily money returns from the commercial centers, it would seem that whatever need apjjeared some mouths since for enlarging to any marked extent the circulating medium has now ceased to exist; and therefore Congress is afforded an opi^ortunity of giving to the whole subject that careful research and investigation which its importance in all of its bearings demands. It will not do to place upon the statute books any experimental legisla- tion upon this subject, but whenever a new law governing bank issues is enacted it must be one that immediately upon going into operation shall command in every respect the confidence of the wliole people and insure to them a currency as safe in every respect as the present one, but with none of its defects. In the meantime it is respectfully suggested that Congress, either through a monetary commission created for such purpose or through the appropriate committees, obtain detailed information of the various sj'stems of banks of issue now in operation, and also such information as is to be ascertained from skilled students of finance and practical financiers, that it may be able to formulate a system complete and harmonioiiij. James H. Eckels, •V Comptroller of the Currencij. The Speaker of the House of Eepresentatives. 204 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE No. 4.— The Number and Capital, by States, of National Banks OegaivIzed DURING the Year ended October 31, 1893. States and Territories. Pennsylvania. IJfew York Texas Iowa Illinois Indiana Ohio Minnesota "Wisconsin. .. Nebraska California Florida Maine Maryland Massacliusetts Oklahoma Alabama Ko. of banks. 25 11 10 10 Capital. $2, 375, 000 2, 050, 000 610, 000 500, 000 500, 000 500, 000 495, 000 330, 000 1, 750, 000 150, 000 150, 000 150, 000 160, 000 150,000 300, 000 100, 000 50, 000 States and Territories. Arizona Colorado Idaho Kansas Kentucky Michigan Montana Missouri Kew Jersey North Carolina. North Dakota.. South Dakota... Tennessee Vermont "West Virginia.. Total . No. of banks. 119 Capital. $100, 000 50, 000 50, 000 50, 000 50, 000 100, 000 50, 000 100, 000 50, 000 50, 000 50. 000 50, 000 60,000 50, 000 50, 000 11, 230, 000 ^o. 5.— Statement Showing by States the Number of National Banks in Active Operation October 31, 1893. Alabama 29 Arizona 5 Arkansas 9 California 36 Colorado 52 Connecticut 84 Delaware 18 District of Columbia 13 Florida 17 Georgia 27 Idaho 13 Illinois 213 Indiana '. 114 Indian Territory 6 lo-wa 169 Kansas 137 Keutucliy 80 Louisiana 20 Maine 83 Maryland 68 Massachusetts 268 Michigan 100 Minnesota 77 Mississippi 12 Missouri 79 Montana 25 Nebraska 135 Nevada 2 New Hampshire 51 New Jersey 99 New Mexico 10 New York 334 North Carolina 24 North Dakota 32 Ohio 243 Oklahoma 6 Oregon 39 Pennsylvania 399 Rhode Island 59 South Carolina 14 SouthDakota 39 Tennessee 51 Texas 222 Utah 14 Vermont 48 Virginia 36 Wash in gtou 61 West Virginia 30 Wisconsin 82 Wyoming 12 Total 3,796 No. 6.— Statement showing total Number of National Banks now in Opera- tion and the Number passed out of the System since February 25, 1863. Passed into voluntary liquidation to wind up affairs , '''13 Less number placed in the hands of a receiver l** 703 Passed into liquidation for purpose of reorganization 84 Passed into liquidation upon expiration of corporate existence * 103 Placed in the hands of a receiver 248 1,138 Less number restored to solvency and resumed business 4 Total passed out of system 1, 134 * Total number of banks organized since February 25, 1863, 4,930; number now in operation, 3,796. Sixty-1'our of these have been reorganized. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 205 No. 7. — XUMBER AJST) AUTHORIZED CAPITAL OF BANKS ORGANIZED AND THE NUM- BER AND Capital of Banks Closed in each Year ended October 31 since THE EST^VBLISHSIENT OP THE NATIONAL BANKING SYSTEM, WITH THE YEARLY Increase or Decrease. 1863. 1864. 1865. 18GG. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1S79. 1880. 1881. 18S2. 1883. 1884. 18S5. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891- 1892. 1893. Tear. Total . Organized. No. Capital. Total Deduct de- crease . . . 134 453 1,014! 62| 10 12 9 22 170 175 68 71 107 36 29 28 38 57 86 227 262 191 145 174 225 132 211 307 193 163 119 1,930 $16, 378, 700 79, 366, 950 242, 542, 982 8,515,150 4, 260, 300 1,210,000 1,500,000 2, 736, 000 19, 519, 000 18. 988, 000 7, 602, 700 6, 745, 500 12, 104, 000 3, 189, 800 2, 589, 000 2, 775, 000 3, 595, 000 G, 374, 170 9, 351, 050 30, 038, 300 28, 65i, 350 16, 042, 230 16, 933, 000 21, 358, 000 30, 546, 000 12, 053, 000 21, 240, 000 36, 250, 000 20, 700. 000 15, 285, 000 11,230,000 Closed. In vohint-ary liquidation. ]S"o. Capital. 709, 978, 182 3' 6i 4{ 12' 18 17 14 11 11 21 20 38 32 26 41 33 9 26 78 40 30 85 25 25 34 41 50 41 53 46 $330, 000 650, 000 2, 160, 000 2, 445, 500 3, 372, 710 2, 550, 000 1, 450, 000 2, ISO, 500 3, 524, 700 2, 795, 000 3, 820, 000 2, 565, 000 2, 539, 500 4, 237, 500 3, 750, 000 570, 000 1, 920, 000 16, 120, 000 7, 736, 000 3, 647, 250 17, 856, 590 1, 651, 100 2, 537, 450 4, 171, 000 4, 316, 000 5, 050, 000 4, 485, 000 6, 157, 500 6, 035, OOO 830 120,623,500 Insolvent. No. Capital. Net yearly in- crease. No. Capital. 6 11 3 5 9 10 14 8 3 $50, 000 500, OOOi 1, 170, 000 410, 000 50, 000 250, 000 134 450 1,007 56 1, 806, 100 3, 825, 000 250, COO 1,000,000 965, 000 3, 344, 000 2, 612, 500 1, 230, 000 700, 000 7 159 158 36 48 64 3 2 11 4 81 8 8 2 9 25 17 67 1, 561, 300 250, 000 1,285,000 600, 000 650, 000 1, 550, 100 1, 900, 000 250, 000 750, 000 3, 622, 000 2, 450, 000 11, 035, 000 248 44,005,900 45 60 146; 220 1501 56 141 192 90 168 248 127 93 6 Net yearly decrca.se. No. Capital. $16, 378, 700 79, 366, 950' 242, 162, 982' 7, 365. 150 930, 300 18, 069, 000 15, 001, 400 253, 000 3, 700, 500 7, 283, 800 10 9 5, 104, 170 7, 731, 050 12, 357, 000 20, 668, 350: 11, 109, 980 5 7 27 3 1, 645, 500 1,922,710 64,000 340, 200 3, 294, 500 4, 075, 000 1, 385, 000 3,974 182 "2, 792 19, 056, 000 26, 458, 550 5, 982, 000 16, 674. 000; 30, 450, OOo! 12, 593, 000 6, 677, 500 565, 374, 282 20, 086, 500 t5-15, 288, 782 113 182 1,518,590 5, 840, 000 20, 085, 500 * Four banlss restored to solvency making 3,790 going banks. t The total authorized capital stock on October 31 was $695,953,105, the paid-in capital $605,558,120, including the capital stock of licfuidating and insolvent banks which havenot deposited lawful money for the retirement of their circulating notes. No. 8. — Statement showing, by States, the Number and Capital of all Banks Extended under Act of July 12, 1882. States and Territories. Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Idaho Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri No. ©f banks. 6 9 3 6 73 11 5 9 83 46 47 1 9 23 6 56 29 209 29 18 16 Capital. $885, 000 350, 000 2. 100, COO 1,010,000 22, 450, 820 1, 503, 185 1, 277, 000 1, 806, 000 10,018,000 5, 629, 000 4, 170, 000 t 100, 000 825, 000 6,611,500 2, 600, 000 9, 835, COO 12, 069, 000 88, 012, 500 2, 440, 000 5, 315, 000 3, 775, 000 States and Territories. Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina . South Carolina . Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island . . . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia West Virginia- . Wisconsin Wyoming Total No. of banks. 8 38 53 225 4 9 103 1 174 59 13 7 1 32 14 13 22 1 Capital. $650, 000 1, 400, 000 4, 905, 000 10, 783, 350 72, 872, 460 850, 000 1,535,000 17, 329, 000 250, 000 45, 954, 000 19, 959, 800 2, 570, 000 985, eoo 500, 000 5, 956, 000 2,391,000 1, 491, 000 2, 085, 000 100, 000 1, 466 375, 949, 005 206 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OE INTER:N"AL RBVEIs^UE. Treasury Department, Office of Internal Revenue, Washington, D. C, Novemher 1, 1893. Sir: Iu compliance with tlie instructions contained in your letter of September 9, 1893, 1 liave the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the Bureau of Internal Revenue for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, and also certain additional information relating to the collections made and work ijerformed during the first three months of the current fiscal year. COLLECTIONS FOR THE CURRENT FISCAL YEAR. I estimate that the total receipts from all sources of internal revenue for the current fiscal year wiU be $150,000,000. RECEIPTS FOR THE PAST EIGHT FISCAL YEARS. Fiscal year ended — Jnue30,1893 $161,004,989.67 June 30, 1892 153,857,544.35 June 30, 1891 116,035,415.97 June 30, 1890 142,594,696.57 June 30, 1889 130,894,434.20 June 30, 1888 124,326,475.32 June 30, 1887 118, 837, SOL 04 June 30, 1886 116,902,869.46 COLLECTIONS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1893. In the last annual report of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue my predecessor estimated that the receipts of this bureau for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, would reach the sum of $165,000,000. Owing to the general depression of business throughout the country I regret to say this estimate was not realized, the actual receipts from all sources for the fiscal year above named being 8161.001,989.67. The following tables exhibit in detail the amount of internal revenue collected during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, the sources from which the revenue was derived, the total sum collected in each district, State, and Territory, the cost of collecting, etc. : EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 207 INTERNAL-REVENUE RECEIPTS "DURING- THE LAST TWO FISCAL YEARS. Comparative Statemext showing the Receipts froji the Several Objects of Internal Taxation in the United States during the Fiscal Years ended June 30, 1892 and 1893. Objects of taxation. Receipts during fiscal years eniled June 30 — 1S92. 1893. Increase. Decrease. SPIEITS. Spirits distilledfrom apples, peaches, and gr.apes Spirits distilled from materials other than apples, peaches, and grapes Rectifiers (special tax) Retail liquor dealers (special tax) "Wholesale liquor dealers (special tax)... llanulacturcrs of stills (special tax) StUls and worms manufactured (special tax) Stamps for distilled spirits intended for export Total , TOBACCO. Cigars, cheroots, and cigarettes- weigh- ing over 3 pounds per thousand Cigarettes weigliing not over 3 pounds ■pcv thousand , Snuli' Tobacco, chewing and smoking Total FEEIIENTED LIQUORS. Ale, beer, lager beer, porter, and other similar fermented liquors Brewers (special tax) Retail dealers in malt liquors (special tax) Wholesale dealers in malt liquors (special tax) Total OLEOMAEOARINE . Oleomargarine, domestic and imijorted .. ilanufactiuers of oleomargarine (spe- cial tax) Retail dealers in oleomargarine (special tax) Wholesale dealers in oleomargarine (special tax) , Total BAlsTIS, BANKERS, ETC. Banls circulation Notes of persons. State banks, towns, cities, etc., paid out $1, 764, 956. 15 83, 776, 252. 86 208, 316. 32 5, 030, 176. 95 46S, 793. 04 1, 647. 93 4, 810. Ofl 5,030.40 .$1, 518, 787. 02 87, 712, 513. 03 182, 408. 53 4, 867, 324. 39 425, 339. 27 1, 325. 01 4, 440. 00 8, 123. 30 $246, 169. 13 $3, 930, 260. 17 3, 092. 90 91, 309, 983. 65 94, 720, 260. 55 3, 410, 276. 90 13, 046, 398. 25 1, 440, 491. 42 669, 861. OS 15, 237, 742. 32 14, 442, 591. 35 1, 588, 361. 85 714, 773. 03 15, 143, 984. 91 796, 193. 10 141, 870. 43 44, 912. 55 31,000,493.07 31,839,711.74 839,218.67 29, 431, 498. 06 173,880.14 184, 160. 62 247, 913. 95 30, 037, 452. 77 945, 675. 00 10, 400. 00 204, 215. 00 106, 036. 00 1, 206, 326. 00 Total , MISCELLANEOUS. Penalties Opium manufactured in tlie United States for smoking purposes Collections not otherwise herein pro- vided for 239, 732. 21 700. 00 2, 856. 05 Total Aggregate receipts . 243, 288. 86 153, 857, 544. 35 31,962.743.15 2,531,245.09 168, OeS. 78 174, 043. 08 243, 530. 06 32, 548, 983. 07 . 2, 511, 530. 30 1, 301, 317. 50 15, 350. 00 238, 332. 00 115, 644. 00 355, 642. 50 4, 950. 00 34, 117. 00 9, 608. 00 1,670,643.50 1 404,317.50 168, 357. 57 125. 00 6, 908, 24 4, 051. 59 175, 390. 81 161, 004, 989. 67 7, 147, 445. 32 25, 907. 79 212. 852. 56 43, 453. 77 322. 92 370. 00 93,757.41 5, 213. 30 10, 117. 54 4, 383. 89 71. 374. 64 575. CO 67, 898. 05 208 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE WITHDRAWALS POR CONSUMPTION DURING THE LAST TWO FISCAL YEARS. The quantities of distilled spirits, fermented liquors, manufactured tobacco, suufif, cigars, cigarettes, and oleomargarine on wliicli tax was paid during the last Wo fiscal years are as follows: Articles taxed. Spirits distilled from apples, peaches, and 'grapes galls . . Spirits distilled from materials other tliaa apples, peaches, and grapes galls. . Ferment cd liquors -ubls. . Cigars, cheroots, and cigarettes ■weighing over 3 pounds per thousand ISTo. . Cigarettes weighing not over 3 pounds per thousand Ko . . Snnflf lbs . . Tobacco, chewing and smoking lbs . . Oleomargarine lbs . . Fiscal years ended June 30- 1S92. 1893. 1, OCl, 0G2 S3, 084, 725 31,817,836 4, 548, 709, 417 2, 892, 982, 840 11,104,351 253, 902, 021 47, 283, 750 1, 687, 541 97, 458, 348 34, 554, 317 4, 814, 197, 117 *3, 17G, 698, 700 11,912,894 252, 399, 749 65, 061, 775 Increase. 4. 373, 623 2, 736, 481 265, 397, 700 283, 715, 860 748, 543 17, 778, 025 Decrease. 273, 521 1, 562, 272 * There vrere 5,000 cigarettes that weighed over three pounds per thousand, the tax on which was $3 per thousand, equaling $15. They are included with the cigarettes in the above statcmemt. Note.— Many detailed tabular statements omitted from this compilation for want of space may be found in the bound volumes of the Commissioner's report. RECEIPTS BY STATES AND TERRITORIES DURING THE LAST FISCAL YEAR. Statement siioavixg the Aggregate Collectioxs of Internal Revenue, by States and Territories, during the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1893. States and Territories. Alabama Arkansas California («)-• Colorado (b) ... Connecticut (c) Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas (d) Kentucky Louisiana (e) . . Maryland (/) . Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Aggregate col- "lections. $107, 102, 2,194, 370, 1,025, 481, 449, 34, 317, 6, 459, 551, 361, 26, 018, 758, 3, 627, 2, 563, 2,346, 2,610, 8, 975, 147. 14 503. 30 048. 21 138. 94 458. 19 618. 53 677. 39 541.64 722. 23 301. 05 761. 12 820. 36 158. 78 345. 56 928. 48 427. 77 225. 83 110. 66 States and Territories. Montana (g) Nebraska (/i) New Hampshire (i) New Jersey New Mexico (k) New York North Carolina Ohio Oregon (I) Pennsylvania South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia We^t Virginia Wisconsin Total Aggregate col- lections. $196, 3, 817, 532, 4,457, 48. 19, 690, 2, 425, 13,415, 362, 12, 470, 56, 1,311, 295, 2, 912, 854, 4, 228, 249. 80 479. 94 912.58 608. 90 886. 68 554. 78 783. 28 456. 55 802J13 224.11 821.49 893. 94 39G. 66 548. 28 634. 06 740. 35 161, 004, 989. 67 ainclnding the State of Nevada. 6 Including the State of Wyoming. c Including t)ie State of Rhode Island. d Including the Indian Territory and the Territory of Oklahoma. c Including the State of Mississippi. /Including the State of llelaware, District of Columbia, and two conntics of Virginia. a Including tlie State of Idaho and the Territory of Utah. A Including the States of North Dakota and South Dakota. t Including the States of Maine and Vermont. k Including the Territory of Arizona. I Including the State of Washington and the Territory of Alaska REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 209 Statement showing the Amount of Inteijnal Revenue Collected in the Sev^kkal States, Terhitories, etc., that have been Consolidated with other Districts, fou the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1893. States, Territories, etc. Alasl■■&) lS;-fi 1S87 188S issn 18'JO 1801 1892 1893 Total - - - Average Grain used. Jjiishels. 18. 927. 9S2 17, 8G5, 203 19,195,332 17, 959. 5G5 IC, 122. 509 20. 9fH), 924 25, 202, 901 20, :;47, 041 26,489.827 29, 030, 409 218, 132, 293 21, 813, 229 Spirits produced. Gallons. 73,7^4, 581 72, 834, 198 78, 544. 4^ 75, 974, 376 OS, 388, IGO 87, 887, 456 107, 618, 120 114,178,077 112,812,723 126, 545, 017 918, 507, 136 91, 850, 713 Molasses used. Gallons. 2, 259, 530 2,719,416 2,308,130 2, 428. 783 2,519.494 1,951.104 2, 198, 538 2, 368, 171 2, 550, 759 2, 775, 752 24, 079, 683 2, 407, 968 Kum produced. Gallons. 1,'711,158 2, 081. 165 1, 799, 952 :,8.'>7, 223 1,891,246 1,471,054 1, 657, 808 1,784.312 l,9.5'o, 318 2,100,705 18, 317, 001 1, 831, 700 REPOET OF THE SECRETz\JlY OF THE TREASURY. 211 Tlie (juaiitity of grain used for the production of spirits during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893 (29,030,409 bushels, iucluding 328,039 bushels, ^hich is the eGtiraated equivalent of 2,108,825 gallons ot. molasses used for the production of spirits), is an increase of 2,540,582 bushels over the amount used in the preceding fiscal year (20,489,827 bushels), and is 7,217,180 bushels more than the average (21,813^229 bushels) for the last ten years. The number of gallons of spirits i)ro- duced from grain during the year (120.545,017 gallons) sho^^^s an increase of 13,732,294 gallons over the product (112,812,723 gallons) for the year ended June 30, 1892, and is 34,094,304 gallons more tlmn the average produced (91,850,713 galloris) for the last ten years. The yield of spirits from each bushel of grain is 4.35+ gallons. The yield for the two preceding jears was 4.32+ for 1891 and 4.24+ gallons for 1892. The quantity of molasses used for the production of rum during the fiscal year (2,775,752 gallons) shows an increase of 224,993 gallons over the quantity used in the previous year (2,550,759 gallons), and is 307,784 gallons more than the average (2,407,968 gallons) for the last ten years. The quantity of rum dist'lled from molasses during the fiscal year (2;10(),765 gallons) showa an increase of 150,447 gallons over the prod- uct of the previous year (1,950,318 gallons), and is 275,005 gallons more than the average j)roduct (1,831,700 gallons) for the last ten years. STOCK FED AT DISTILLERIES. ******* Tlie following statement shows the number of cattle and hogs fed at registered grain distilleries, arranged by States: states. .A labama Arkansas CoTinecticut Georgia Illinois Indiana Kentucky ilaryland Massaclir.settsi Minnesota Missouri Kebraska New Jersey North Carolina . . . Obio Oregon Pennsylvania Soutb Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia Wisconsin Total Cattle. Number fed. 36, C, 28, 50 22J 100 240 408 lOG >;gg 02 SO 500 244 520 340 516 :i'i8 2G0 685 112 211 58 6 205 Total in- crease in ■weight. 88, 702 Poini'ls. 1,500 49, 728 20, 000 18,000 8, 902, 080 851,710 G, 4UC, 198 35, 200 16,000 625, 000 32, 675 Average increase imveigbt Poundn. 30 2174- 200 75 240+ 139+ 225 + 383+ 200 250 133+ Hogs. 403, 200 89+ 70, 930 205 20, 234 5G+ 871, 4.50 258 f 43,420 107 680, 3G5 187+ 15,850 141 + 290. 350 239+ 2,900 50 800 133+ 43, GOO 212+ 19, 479, 199 219+ Number fed. 150 2,321 1,852 50 41 7,491 223 10 Total in- crease in weight. Pounds. 3,000 158. 130 971 2,014 120 80 7,271 249 2,641 543 345 64 148, ICO 2, 0W> 1,750 788, 798 23, 170 1,500 Average inere.iso in weight. Poun ds. 20 08+ 81,345 26,436 2,185,757 80 40 42+ 105+ 103+ 150 83+ Total in- crease in weight of cattle and hog.s. 1 129, 094 64+ J 5,800 48 + ! 6, 160 77 1 537,015 ■73+ 11,160 44+ 213. 089 80+' 30, 036 55+ 34, 050 100+ 10, 000 156+1 Pounds. 4,500 207. 858 20, 000 100, 100 8, 004, 080 853, 400 7, 194, 9DG 58, 370 17, 500 025, 000 114, 020 403. 200 70, mo 159, 228 877, 250 49, 580 1, 22G. 380 27, 010 503, 448 32, 936 35, 430 53, 600 82+21,664,956 212 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE SITMMAET. Nniiiber of cattle fed at registered grain distilleries in the United States 88, 702 flCotnl increase in wciirlit of cattle .' pounds.. 19,479, 199 Average increase in weight of cattle do 219+ Kuinber of hogs fed at registered grain distilleries in the United States 26,430 Totnl increase in weight of hogs pounds.. 2,185, 757 Average increase in weight of hogs do 8'j+ Total number of cattle and hogs fed 115, 138 Total increase in weight of cattle and hogs pounds.. 21,604,950 Average increase in weight of cattle and hogs do 188+ * * * ^ * * * DISTILLED SPIRITS IN THE UNITED STATES OCTOBER 1, 1893. The quantity of distilled spirits in the United States, except what may be in customs bonded warehouses, on the 1st day of October, 1803, was 188,525.773 gallons, this quantity being distributed as follows: Gallons. In distillery warehouses 134,288,665 lu special i)oii(le(l warehouses 2, 263, 057 lu hands of wholesale liquor dealers 18, 994, 601 In hands of retail liquor dealers 32,979,450 Total -• 188, 525, 773 - In making the above computation the average stock of each retail liquor dealer in the United States is estimated at 150 gallons. ******* OPERATIONS IN OLEOMARGARINE DURING THE LAST TWO FISCAL YEARS. The following statement by districts shows the quantity, in pounds, of oleomargarine produced at manufiictories, the quantity withdrawn therefrom tax-paid, for export and for exposition purposes, and the quantity lost or destroyed at manufactories during the two fiscal years ended June 30, 1802, and June 30, 1803, respectively; also the stock remaining on hand at the close of each year: Districts. Colorado Coiniecticuta First Illinois Sixth Indiana Kansas & Sixth Missouri Kebrasl;ac Eleventh Ohio Eighteentli Ohio . . . First Pennsylvania Total From July 1, 1891, to June 30, 1892. Produced. 219, 4, 519, 31. 122, 51, 6, 745, 1, 113, 1, 889, 485, 1, 794, 422 958 734 503 291 093 674 829 582 224 267 48, 364, 155 Withdrawn tax-jiaid. 223, 782 4,081,689 30, 649, 701 30, 538 6, 631, 634 1,111,355 1, 889, 985 485, 582 1, 794, 320 10,915 46, 915, 501 Withdrawn for exjiort. 438, 045 385, 334 73, 721 398, 682 1, 295, 782 Lost or destroyed. 112 112 Remaining in factory June oO, 1892. 3,869 254,166 20. 753 49, 493 10, 827 20, :jso 359, 488 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 213 Frora July 1, 1892, to June 30, 1893. Districts. Produced. Withdravm tax -paid. "Witlidrawn for export. Lost or destroyed. Withdrawn Eeraainiiig lor exi)osl- in factory tiou pur- June 30,' poses. 1893. "Pir^t Pnlifornia 60, 307 288, 310 6, C07, 348 39, 437, 852 1, 121, 080 I'JO, 933 10, 590, 704 1,400,218 3, 451, 015 507, 844 2, 512, 092 689, 329 56, 883 292,179 5, 278, 329 39, 094, OGl 1,113.011 178, 302 10, 365, 402 1,437,718 3,451,615 505, 814 2, 504, 832 185, 579 4,700 4 724 f^nmiprtioiitrt 1, 629. 019 352, 850 T''ir8 "Fourth loAva 10, 292 2, 279 274, 795 Si'vth ATis^oiiri .1 _ _. 33 327 "Klf^'fTith Oliio 2,000 7, 800 Kit>"litrontli Ohio Thirst l^onnsvlvanifi ....... 524,130 1 67, 224, 2£8 64, 403, 875 2, 785, 494 10, 292 1,214 322, 911 o Including tlie State of Eliode Island. ^N'o oleomargarine was manufactured in the State of Con- necticut. b Includinc; tlie Indian Territory and the Territory of Oklahoma; butno oleomargarine was nianu- factuied in either of tlie.sc Teiritories. c Including the State.s of Korlh Dakota and Soutli Dakota; hut no oleomargarine wa.s manufactured in either ot those States. The following table of production and total receipts fioin all oleomar- garine sources for each fiscal year since Il^^ovember 1, 188G, the date the oleomargarine law took effect, is interesting as showing the extent of operations in the country : On liand November 1, 1886 Dining tlie fiscal year ended June SO, 1887 (from Xovcmhcr 1, 18SG) During tlie liscal year ended Juue 30, 1888 During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1839 Duiing the fiscal year ended Jime 30, 1890 Dniiiig the fiscal year ended Juue 30, 1891 During the fi.scal year ended June 30, 1892 During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893 Total Produced. Eeccivcd Pou7> ds. 181,090 21,513,537 34. 325, 527 35, C04. 020 32. 324, 032 44, 392, 409 48,304,155 07, 224, 2'J8 ■$723, 948. 04 801, 13!'. 88 894, 247. 91 780,291.72 1, 077, 924. 14 1,260, 320. 00 1, 070, 613. 50 283,989,074 7,283,521.19 This product has become a recognized article of food, and its manu- facture one of the established industries of the country. There is in nearly all the States an increasing demand for it under its proper name and by persons fully informed as to the nature of the substnnce. While it is used as a substitute for butter, for which it is intended, and comes into competition with the lower grades of that article, its pro- duction and sale have not, as shown by commercial reports and statis- tics, reduced the price of the higher grades of butter. The most reli- able writers in this country on food products, and those who have given the subject careful study, state that oleomargarine, carefully and prop- erly prepared, is a healthful article of diet and a wholesome substitute for butter and can be furnished at less cost. To prevent its sale as butter, which in appearance it so closely resembles, and to compel its exposure for sale as oleomargarine, the laws enacted for the control, of the manufacture of and traffic in ii; should be rigidly enforced. This is no less due to the producers than to the conkimers of butter, and to the public. 214 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE BOUNTY ON SUGAR. The bounty on sugar is authorized by the taviff act of October 1, 1890, commonly known as the McKinley Bill. The law provides — That on and after Jnly first, eighteen Lunilrecl and ninety-one, and untiUnly first, nineteen hninhed and live, there shall he paid from any moneys in the 'I'reasnry not otherwise apin-opriated, under the provisions of section three tlionsand six hundred and oighty-iiiuc of the llevised Statutes, to the xiroducer of sugar, testing not less than ninety degrees by the polariscope, from beets, sorghum, or sugarcane grown wi thin the United States, or from niaf»le sap produced within the United States, a bounty of two cents per pound; and upon such sugar testiugless than ninety degrees bythepolari- scope, and not less than eighty degrees, a bounty of one and three-fonrths cents per pound, under such rules and regulations as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretarj- of the Treasury, shall prescribe. The first requiremeut necessary to be taken by a sugar producer who intends to apply for the bounty is to file, prior to July 1 of each year, with the Coniniissiouer of Internal Ivevenue, a notice of the place of production, with a general description of the machinery and methods to be employed by him, with an estimate of the amount of sugar pro- posed to be produced in the current or next ensuing year, including the number of maple trees to be tapped, and make an application for a license, Avliich notice and application must be accompanied by a bond in the prescribed amount. IJpon receiving the pnpers, if the same are satisfactory and approved, a license is issued by the Commissioner. After the sugar has been produced and placed in the required x)ack;- ages it is weighed by deputy collectors appointed by the collectors of the respective districts, eitlier at the jdace of in^oduction or at desig- nated central stations, and samples are taken for the inspection of the officer whose duty it is to determine the classification. It is necessary under the law to classify the sugar for payment of the bounty according to the i^olariscopic test. The utmost care is required in the use of the polariscope and other apparatus connected with it to secure accuracy. All weights, fiasks, i^olariscope tubes, and quartz control plates used in the work of testing sugar by the polariscope are standardized and their accuiacy tested by the Office of Weights and Measures, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Tlie law had been in operation two years July 1, 1893, and during that time the sum of $10,717,208.07 has been distributed, most of which has gone to the producers of cane sugar, mainly in Louisiana. The distribution of such a large amount of money has devolved upon this office much work, requiring thoroughness and system for its successful performance. There wereG,7o3 sugar producers licensed to manufacture sugar dur- ing the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, and the sum of 89,375,130.88 was paid as bounty upon 482,125,081 pounds of sugar. The work of weighing, sami)ling, and testing so large a quantity of sugar, examining the books and returns of weighers and sugar pro- ducers, inspecting the factories, and performing the duties necessary to carry out the law and regulations requires a Large number of em- ployes during the sugar-making season. * * ■ * * * * * ■ The expense of paying the bounty last year was, as nearly as can be estimated, as follows: Additional deputies, clerks, and employes $97,890.33 Laboratory supplies, etc 1, 26.5.01 Sugar inspectors 30, 260. 93 Salaries of clerks, etc., in office of Commissioner of Internal Revenue.. . 9, 170. 00 Total 138,586.27 being $9,245.34 less than the previous year. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 215 Certain expenses can not always be exactly proportioned between tlie sngar-bonnty work and the general work of the Internal Eevenue Service. NUMBER OF SUGAR PRODUCERS LICENSED 1891-'92. The number of producers of sugar licensed during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, was as follows: Prodncers of sugar from sugar caue = . . . 727 Producers of sugar from beets 7 Prodncers of sugar from sorghum 6 Producers of sugar from majile saj) 4, 2-10 Total... - 4,980 NUMBER OF SUGAR PRODUCERS LICENSED 1892-'93. The number of producers of sugar licensed during fiscal year ended June 30, 181)3, was as follows: Producers of sugar from sugar cane 650 Producers of sugar from beets 6 Producers of sugar from sorglium 2 Producers of sugar from maple sap G, 095 Total 6,753 NUMBER OF SUGAR PRODUCERS WHO HAVE APPLIED FOR LICENSE FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1894. Prod ucers of sugar from sugar caue 584 Producers of sugar from beets , 7 Producers of sugar from sorghum 2 Producers of sugar from mai)lc sap 6, 012 Total 6, 605 Number of Sugar Producers ix the United States who were Licensed to Manueactuhe Sugar during the Fiscal Ye.yu ended June 30, 1893, under THE Act of Octoher 1, 1890. ******* Total number of licensed producers, C,753. * O * • states. Maple. Sugar cane. Ueets. Sorgluim. Maine.... - 1 IGG 3, 7-29 40 1, 1?.0 207 SS 11 443 1! 120 11 1 Kew Uampshire 1 i 1 Ma.ssaclinsett3 1 !N e w Vork L__ Pe^uisvlvauia ;:::"::;r :::::!::::: 1 1 Ohio i Illinois 1 jVliclii^an i . 1 i _ Kansas 9 "Vebraslva ... .... 1 3 TFtali 1 (California 3^1orid a IG 017 10 1 Louisiana Texas 1 Mississippi i 1 Total 0,093 GJO G 2 # 216 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE BOUNTY ON SUGAR PAID DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1893. Tlie sum of §9,375,130.88 was paid as bounty duriug the year ended June 30, 1893, as follows: 1. Bounty paid on cane sugar: Eouisiana $8, 584, 865. 54 Texas 174,943.90 Florida 3, 9G0. 45 Mississippi 60. 86 Total. 8,763,830.75 2. Bounty paid on beet sugar: California 425, 723. 81 Nebraska 76, 170. 00 Utah 29,470.00 Total 531,363.81 3. Bounty p.aid on sorghum sugar: Kansas 19, 798. 00 Minnesota 19. 00 Total 19,817.00 4. Bounty paid on maple sugar : jMain'e 51.42 New Hampshire 1, 127. 36 Vermont 36, 225. 23 New York 11, 703. 90 Pennsylvania 4, 234. 57 Maryland 2,131.28 West Virginia 153. 48 Oliio 3,501.63 Michigan 908. 99 Minnesota 69. 95 Iowa 11. 51 Total 60, 119. 32 Total bounty paid 9, 375, 130. 88 Amount of Bocxty ox Sugar Paid during the Past Two Fiscal Years ended JUXE 30, 1893, AA"D THE STATES AJXD TERRITORIES IN WUICU THE PaISTIES Receiving Bounty were Licensed. On cano sugar: Louisiana.. Texas Florida Mississippi. Total on cane. On beet sugar: California . Nebraska.. Utah Total on beet. On sorghum sugar: Kansas Minnesota Total on sorghum Bounty paid. 1891-'92. $6, 882, 589. 83 176, :i01. 73 18, 233. 70 100. 86 7, 077, 316. 21 103, 510. 50 54. GSO. 00 21, 898. 00 240, 098. 56 22, 197. 28 22, 197. 28 1892-'93. 8, 584. 805. TA 174, U43. 91) 3, 9U0. 45 UJ. 86 8, 763, 830. 75 425, 723. 81 70, 170.00 29, 470. 00 531, 363. 81 19, 79S. 00 19. UO 19,817.00 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 217 Amount of Bounty on Sugar Paid during the Past Two Fiscal Years ended June 30. 1893, etc.— Continued. On maple sugar: ilaiue Is^ev,' Ilauipsliire. Vermont Massacbusette. . . Kew Toi-k Ppnnsylvauia Maryland "West Virginia.. . Oliio Michigan Minnesota Iowa Total on maple Grand total Bounty paid. 1891-'92. $121. 53 1, 151. 15 142. 15 1,050.86 2, 465. 74 7, 342, 077. 79 1892-'93. .$51. 42 1, 127. 30 36, 225. 23 11,703.00 4, 2J4. 57 2, 131. 28 15:5.48 3, 501. G3 908. 99 GO. 95 11.51 60, 119. 32 9, 375, 130. 88 SUGAR PRODUCTION 1892-'93. The production for the year 1892-93 of .sugar of all kinds was, accord- ing to reports and estimates, as follows: Cauesnpjar: Ponud.s. Lonisian^ 445, 854, 797 Mis.sissippi 3, 043 Texas 9, 0G8, 077 Florida 215, 4G4 Pounds. . 455, 11 1, 381 Beet su'iar: California 21, 801, 288 Nebra.ska 3, 808, 500 Utah 1, 473, 500 27,083,288 Sorghiun sngar: Kansas 1,026,100 Maple sugar (estimated) 32, 000, 000 Total production in tlie United States 515, 2.50, 769 The estimate of the maple-sugar production is based on the census returns of 1890. The quantity of sugar reported as produced during the year does not correspond with that upon which bounty was paid. Some of the sugar produced tested beloAv 80°, as stated ; bounty was also paid upon some sugar produced during the previous year, and a consitlerable number of claims for bounty on sugar produced last year were not received prior to July 1 and will be included in the accounts for the current fiscal year. # « m * * * « BEET-SUGAR FACTORIES. The sugar-producing season of 1892-'93connnenced July 31 with beets. The Chino Valley Beet Sugar ComxDany, Chino, Cal., commenced on that date. Six beet-sugar factories were in operation during the past year, as follows: The Utah Sugar Comx3any, Lehi, Utah; Alameda Sugar Com- 218 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE pany, Alvarado, Cal. ; Western Beet Sugar Company, Watson ville, . Cal.; Chlno Valley Beet Sugar Company, Cbino, Cal.; Oxnarcl Beet Sugar Company, Grand Island, ISTeb., and Norfolk Beet Sugar Com- pany, Norfolk, Neb. The same companies liavc been licensed for tlie year 1893-'94:, and also the firm of O. K. Lapliam & Co., Staunton, Va. The amount of beet sugar produced in the United States during the season of 1892-'93 was 27,083,288 pounds. Saj^iir piixliiced tcHting 90^ ov over hy the polaviscopo i)ouiids . . 22, 962, 516 Sugar i>rodnccd testing SO^ to 90= do ... . 4, 120, 772 Total do ... . 27, 083, 288 Total boimf y paid $o3l, 363. 81 A comparison of tlie jiroduction with that of the previous year by localities slio\ys that the greatest increase in production was in Cali- fornia, as follows: Place of production. "Utali California . Nebraska. Tot.ll Increase of productioB of 1892 over 1891 . Production. 1891-92. 12, 004, 8S8 1892-'93. Poundg. Poundx. 1,094,EOO ! 1 '473, 500 8, 175, 438 ; 21, 801, 288 2, 734, 500 3, 808, 500 27, 083, 288 15, 078, 450 The three beet-sugar factories in California consumed 9,070 acres ot beets, making 2,403.7 pounds of sugar per acre of beets. The two Nebraska factories consumed 2,9G8 acres of beets, making 1,283,2 pounds of sugar per acre. The Utah factory consumed 1,090 acres of beets, making 1.351.8 pounds of sugar per acre. The tons of beets consumed in the production of sugar was as fol- lows: California 95, 703. 9 Nebraska 23, 367. 5 Utah 9,816 ■ Total 128,887.4 The beet-sugar factories reported 24,793 acres of beets under culti- vation for this year's crop and estimated the amount of sugar to be produced at 57,200,000 pounds. The following is a statement of the acres under cultivation in each State and the estimated i^roductiou : Bkkt Sugak, 1893-'94. Acres of beets under cultivation. Sujr.Tr pro- posed to be produced. Utah 3,500 15, 993 4,900 400 Pounds. 0, OdO, 000 43, 501), 000 Califomi.i Ncbraslca 7, Om. 000 700. 000 Total 24, 793 57, 200, 000 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 219 The estimate of production made by the producers at the date of application for license is always in excess of the actual result. It is what they hope to make if all conditions are favorable. The quantity of beets consumed in manufacture does not equal that under cultiva- tion. There is a loss on account of improper cidtivation, from insects or the eleiiients — frost, excessive rains, -winds, etc. — so that all the beets cultivated will not be used for making sugar. There were 17,314 acres cultivated last year and the factories ]n'oposed to make 48,500,000 pounds of sugar. The result showed 13,128 acres consumed and 27,083,- 288 pounds of sugar produced. The ])ev cent of sugar contained in the beets can not bo determined in advance. The condition of the beets now being harvested for this year's crop is for the most part good. The actual production of sugar Mill probably reach 40,000,000 or 45,000,000 pounds judging from the present outlook. Sum:mary of Ope1?atioxs of Beet-Sugau Factories, 1892-93. Total uiimber of factories 6 Average number of days in operation 82 Number of employes 887 Acres of beets used 13, 128 Tons of beets used 128, 887. 4 Average yield in tons per acre 9.8 Quantity of sugar made pounds . . 27, 083, -88 Sugar made per ton of beets do 210. 1 Sugar made per acre of beets do 2, 0G3 Number of packages: Barrels 11,988 Bags 177,423 Quantity of molasses left over for further treatment .gallons . . 901, 280 Estimated amount of sugar capable of being produced from material left over...;. ^ pounds.. 3, 946, 355 SUGAR MADE EEGM SORGHUM. There were only two sorghum-sugar factories in operation during the past year: the Medicine Lodge Sugar Company, Limited, Medicine Lodge, Kan., and the Parkinson Sugar Company, Fort Scott, Kan. They were in operation an average of forty-nine and one-half days, produced 1,020,100 pounds of sugar, and received $19,798 as bounty.* They have been licensed for the current year and report 3,953 acres of cane under cultivation. * Beaklcs tbia the sum of $19 was paid to a producer in Minnesota, licensed last year. ******* 220 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE VIII.— SiOAR Cuops OF TiiK Wonu\ IX Tons of 2,210 Pounds. [■\Villult & Gr.'iy's estimates of oaiio suijar crops, Xoveuibcr, 1S93.] UiiitPil States (beets 20,000) Canada ( bcc^t s) Spanish West Indies: Cuba Puerto Riro Britisli Wtst Indies: Trinidad Barbados Jamaica Anti<;ua and St. Kitts Frencli AN'est Indies : Martinique Guadeloupe Danisb West Indies — St. Croix Haiti and San Doniinfjo Lesser Antilles, not named above. Mexico Central America : San Salvador Nicara resentatives. Salaries and mileage of Mem bers and Delegates Salaries, officers and employes One month's extra pay to officers and employes Contingent expenses : Stationery and newspapers Fuel for lieatir.g apparatus Furniture and repairs Material for folding Miscellaneous items Packing boxes Postage Salaries of Capitol police Compiling testinioiiy in contested election cases Eeporting hearings and testimony Eeimbursoment to official reiiortera and stenographers. Payment to— Widow of Hon. J. W. Kendall Widow of Hon. W. H. F. Lee Widow of Hon. E. F. ISIcDonald Widow of Hon. Alex. K. Craig Widow of Hon. M. H. Ford.... Widow of Hon. John R. Gamble Widow of Hon. F. 15. Spinola Widow of Hon. James Phelan Widow and minor children of Hon. L. C. Houk Legal heirs of Hon. E. T. Stackhouse D. S. Porter R.B. Palmer J. T. Waterman Eli Banks and Charles Carter G. L. Browning and A. Gibbs J. M. Carson A. M. Murraj' F. F. Doyle T. F. Dennis J. W. Daniel Belief of heirs of J. E. Trcntlen OJi:e of Public I'rinter. Public printing and binding I/ihrary of Congress. Salaries Increase of library . . Contingent expenses Catalogue of library. Botanic Garden. Salaries Improving Botanic Garden. Improving buildings 6 $4, 488. 01 4 13, 866. 09 4 1, 022, 72 10 52,251.72 14 52, 156. 54 3 19,400.00 1 14.65 5 25, COO. 00 2 1, 20U. 00 3 300. 00 1 2, 4!!9. 13 1 5, go;). 00 1 6, 502. 29 1 517. 50 1 500. 00 1 150. 00 1 1, 000. 00 1 5, 000. 00 1 5, 000. 00 16 1, 092, 283. 10 28 143, 790. 12 1 42, 499. 96 t 64, 665. 38 6 8, 206. 68 7 5, 207. 90 7 23, ,505. 37 12 49, 407. 84 4 6, 004. 70 6 50(5. 70 2 19, 400. 00 4 2, 500. 00 3 846. 05 1 7, 000. 00 4, 945. 24 5, 000. 00 2, 893. 38 2, 983. 28 5, 000 00 5, 000. 00 5, 000. 00 46^. 37 5, 000. 00 4,014.10 200. 09 174. 00 400. 00 120. 00 600. 00 500. 00 200. 00 46.62 500. 00 300. 00 333. 33 352 6, 036, 186. 16 8 63, 792. 88 17 9, 0S3. 25 16 1, 720. 23 2 1, 836. 30 6 16, 080. 70 13 5,504.31 3 3, 540. 39 Ab. 93 15 226 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE DISBUKSEMENTS— Continued. Accounts adjusted. LEGISLATIVE— continued. Court of Claims. Salaries, judges, etc Contingent expeufes Pa^Tncnt of judgments Reporting decisions, Court of Claims Files room, Court of Claims Legislative— miscellaneous. Expenses of investigation concerning immigration Conveying votes of electors for President and Vice-President Statement of apiiropriatious Payment for contesting seats in Congress Works of art tor the Capitol Building for Library ol Congress EXECUTIVE. Office of the President. Salary of tlie President Salaries, executive office Contingent expenses , Civil Sei-vice Commissio7i. Salaries Traveling expenses Treasury Dcvanment. Salaries, office of — Secretary Supervising Aroliitcct ITii-st Comptroller Second Comptroller Second Comptroller, accounts of Soldiei-s' Home , Commissioner of Customs First A'.ulitor Second Auditor Second Auditor, repairing rolls, bounty pay of Indians, soldiers, etc. Second Auditor, accounts of Soldiers' Home Third Auditor Fo'irtb Auditor , Filth Auditor Sixth Aiuliior Treasurer of the United States Treasurer (Xational Currency, Keimbursable, permanent) Ilegister Comptroller of the Currency Examination of National banks and bank plates Salaries, oftice of — Complroller of Currency (Xational Currency, Reimbursable, perma- nent) Life-Saving Service Light-House Board , Salaries, Bureau of — Navigation, Treasury Department Statistics Collecting statistics relating to coniracrcc Salaries — Secret Service Division Oflico of Sui)crvising Surgeon-General Marino Hospital Service Office of Supervising In.spector-General, Steamboat Inspection Serv- ice .' , Office of Standard "Weights and Measures Contingent expenses, otlice of Standard Weights and Pleasures Salaries Steamboat Inspection Service (permanent) Contingent expenses Steamboat Inspection Service (permanent) Salaries and expenses of special inspectors, foreign steam vessels (permanent) Treasury —miscellaneous. Contingent expenses. Treasury Dopartu.ient: Stationery Binding, newspapers, etc Investigating accounts and traveling expenses Freight, telegrams, etc , No. of accounts, Amounts. 155 5 228 3 1 4 19 ] 12 2 14 14 12 32 29 $34, 379. 35 2, 974. 60 717, 783. 08 2, 000. OS 3, 997. 50 4, 142. 88 12,077.00 2, 4C0. 00 32, 8G9. 07 600, 288. 99 20O, 000. 00 39, 501. 53 10, 518. 84 ;;3, 27G. 33 C, 7G7. 36 90 731,971.10 7 11,580.00 t> 115. 453. 41 G 122, Oflo. 43 o 1 , 64S. 17 6 G1,2S0.«7 7 110,223.09 14 291,904.05 12 21,212.40 4 812. 73 7 240, 093. 04 6 02, 463. 53 5 59. 433. 03 4 657. 255. 99 t 340,003.40 18 76, 155. 50 11 208, 805. 76 G 128, 052. 43 11 713. 10 6 20, 932. CO 8 50,419.50 5 45, 198. 64 8 37, 320. 80 5 58, 3.55. 51 13 271.75 6 17,429.98 8 37, 024. 88 7 15,210.00 21 7, 2S7. 55 19 2, 513. 95 11 291,515.09 ,322 43, 514. 84 320. 84 7 03, 043. 12 10 2,710.23 4 91.85 11 2, 447. 23 KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. DISBUESliilEXTS-Continneil. 227 Accoimts adjusted. Ko. of accounts Amounts. Treasury — 2liscellaneous — Contiiiued. CoBtingent expenses, Treasury Department — Continued. Kent Horses, wagons, etc Ico File holders and cases Fuel, etc Gas, etc Carpets and repairs Fiu-niture, etc Miscellaneous items Postage to Postal Union countries, Treasury Department Furniture and carpets, ollice of Sixth Auditor File cases, office of Sixth Auditor Contingentoxpenses, National Currency, Treasurer's Office, lleiju'oursaLlo (])ernianent) Sealing and separating L'liited States securities Expenses of national currency Distinctive paper ior United States securities Canceling United States securities and cutting distinctive paj'cr Pay of assistant custodians aiul janitors Fuel, lights, aud water for public buildings Furniture and repairs of same, public buildings , Inspector of furniture, etc Heating apparatus for public buildings Vaults, sales, and locks for public buildings Plans for puldic buildings Lands au(l other properties of the United States Suppressing counterfeiting and other crimes Expenses Treasury notes Interstate Commerce Commission Commission on Safes aud Vault Construction To i)rumotc the education of the blind ^ Kefiinding to national banking associations excess of duty Outstaiuling liabilities , Confederate properly recovered in foreign countries Sinking fund. Pacific llailroads (permanent) Settled for appropriation Admission of forcigu goods, "World's Columbian Exposition Board of Lady Managers, Vrorld's Columbian Commission Expenses AV^orld's Columbian Exposition , Expenses Government Board of Control, "World's Columbian Exposition Expenses, "World's Columbian Commission Aid to AVovld's Columbian 3'lxposition, Columbian half-dollars , !Medals and diplomas, "World's Columbian Exposition Government building, "World's Columbian Exposition Marine Hospital Service Preventing tlic spread of epidemic diseases Quarantine service Eemoval quarantine service from Ship Island San Francisco fumigating steamer Key West qviarantiuc disinfecting machinery Aid to suffiaers froin yellow fever Collecting bank statistics Payment to George Q. Cannon Eefund to estate of Gustavo Freyberg P.emissiou of penalties on lighthouse steamer "Pansy" , Ilefund to J. (i . Allan Payment to !Macmastcr & McGibbon for legal services Payr.unt to Louis des Biens Electrical fire apparatus Payment of French spoliation claims Enforcement of al'ien contract labor lav," Enforcement of Chinese exclusion acts Alaiil:a. Salaries and traveling expenses of agents at the seal fisheries.' Investigation of fur industry and natives of Alaska : Protecting seal and salmon lishcries of Alaska Supplies for native inhabitants, Alaska Beimbursement to North American Commercial Company for supplies furnished inhabitants of Alaska. Protection of salmon fisheries of Alaska , Cu&toms. Expenses of collecting the rcven\!e from customs , Detection and prevention of frauds upon the customs revenue Excess of deposits 7 $4, 437. 37 8 4,331.39 7 2, 589. 04 8 3, 502. 38 7 13, 084. 75 8 17, 580. 71 IG 4,713.27 8 8, 940. 06 18 12, 939. 00 4 1, 500. 00 4 1,354.43 2 3, 127. 05 49 2G,t;28.80 22 927. 15 ■i 8, 759. 11 Vi <8, 1C0.69 4 92. 30 18 794,974.40 4G 534, 1G2. 07 m 313, 27G. 71 14 3, G:!7. 41 21 lOJ, 002. 55 10 54, 557. 68 6 8, 154. 04 12 ISX 01 OO 104,GS1.GG 3G 273, 041. 37 83 237,G8l.C2 4 - 1, 07G. 33 1 10, 000. 00 O 28.94 105 2 33, 478. 81 43 . 1, 932, 409. 80 13 1, 377. 54 24 20, 614. 43 6 43, 685. 63 1 132. 01 40 256, 178. 90 G 91.310.38 8 1, 929. 120. 00 3 5, 045. 50 19 551,023.14 131 377, 221. 28 23 187, GG2. 03 38 S6, 458. G5 1 2 4, 890. 43 2 S14. 17 1 1 587. 50 1 25, 000. 00 1 57.70 1 1, 250. 00 1 72.18 1 1, 050. 25 1 40.00 4 7, 300. 00 1 19, 770. 00 IG 108,581.91 C2 90, 469. 01 14 14, 909. 83 5 5, 795. 9G 3 S1.S.30 1 5, GS7. 32 1 5, 650. CO 14 4, 484. 30 2,304 $7. G50, 4SS. 80 11 45, 135. 48 690 3, 114, 031. CO 228 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE DISBURSEMENTS— Continued. Accounts ailju.sted. TKEASURY DEPAUT.MEXT — continued. Customs — contiuued. Debentures and drawbacks Oftici-il emoluments Expenses of immigiation Du t ies, etc., refunded Additional pay to inspectors of customs Compensation in lieu of moieties Expenses of local appraisers' meetings • Compcirsation and expenses, Tariff Commission Salaries of shipping service Services to American vessels Keimbnrsement to North American Commercial Company for supplies furnished wrecked sailors Miscellaneous customs PUBLIC DKBT (PERMANENT). Interest : Consols of 1907 Funded loan of 1891 Pacilic Kailroad bonds Coin coupons Navy pension fund Funlled loan continued Three per cent, loan, 1882 Interest on District of Columbia securities: Three-sixty-five bonds Threc-sixty-five bonds, judgment cases AVater-stock bonds. District of Columbia Old funded debt. District of Columbia Miscellaneous securities: Spanish indemnity Unclaimed interest, old loans Eedemption of bonds retired : Five-twenties of 18G2 Ten-forties of 1864 Consols of 1865 Consols of 1867 Consols of 1868 Iledemiition sinking fund: Funded loan of 1891 Funded loan of 1891, continued Loan of July and August, 1861 Loan of 1863, continued Three per cent, loan of 1882 AVar-boiinty scrip Certificates of indebtedness Kedempti(m of bonds, District of Columbia: Tlirec-sixty-flve bonds ■ Eedemption of District of Columbia bonds, sinking fund: Old fuiuled debt ■ Three-sixty-tivc bonds ■ Water-stock bonds • Miscellaneous securities: liofunding certificates Gold certificates, 1803 Gold certificates, 1882 Currency certificates, 1872 One-ye.ar notes, 1863 Two-year notes, 1863 Six percent, compound interest notes Seven-thirties, 18!!4-'65 Circulating securities destroyed : Legal-tender notes Fractional currency Gold certificates . ." Silver certiticates Treasury notes of 1890 National bank notes Ungraving and Piinihig. Salaries, Bureau of Engraving and Printing Compensation of employes Materials and miscellaneous expenses Plate printing Custody of dies, rolls, and ]ilatcs Special witness of destruction of United States securities No. of accounts. Amounts. 363 ,657 46 ,896 1 74 17 1 274 927 3,522.014.82 326, 028. 74 388, 789. 43 1,300,013.16 183. 00 ■33,071.50 1,744.01 ,5, 914. 21 60, 949. 17 23, 508. 59 1 28 1, 737. 96 3, 106. 21 118 22 86 138 1 89 2 12, 846, 446. 50 11,018.13 5,815,216.68 2, 975, 924. 28 420, OUO. 00 505, 410. 03 1.12 6 1 2 4 519, 368. 50 1,181.08 25, 480. 00 204, 824. 00 1 8 28, 500. 00 2, 184, 36 2 2 2 2 2 15, 873. 15 597. 97 2,751.01 9, 432. 38 112. 05 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 876, 782. 10 1,000.86 2,612.74 1,008.10 77, 227. 80 25. 75 1,060.00 2 405, 208. 00 3 2 1 265, 388. 00 336. 200. 00 32,100.00 12 2 12 12 9 1 11 4 17, 914. 90 1, 800. 00 30, 940, 000. 00 62, 205, 000. 00 378.00 160. 00 2, 149. 21 882. 53 10 1 10 10 10 14 71, 064, 000. 00 1, 270. 98 36, 791, 090. 00 87, 239, 498. 00 24, 370, 720. 00 40, 632, 528. 00 14 14 25 16 12 13 17, 254. 71 464, 408. 70 198, 172. 02 583, 043. 84 6, 793. 30 1, 565. 00 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 229 DISBUllSEMENTS-Continued. Accounts adjusted. TREASURY DEPARTMENT — continued. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Salaries Party expenses Eejiairs of vessels Publishing obscrrations General expenses Alaska boundary survey Eevemic-Cvtter Service. Expenses Eevcnuc-Cutter Service Kevcnue vessels for Soutli Atlantic coast Building or purchase of revenue vessels Steam vessels for Chicago, 111 Steam launch for Puget Sound Eevenue steamer for Chesapeake Bay Expenses of U. S. S. Albatross in Alaskan waters Eefuge station, Point Barrow, Alaska Extra pay to olticers and men in Mexican war, Eevenue Marine Fish Commission. Propagation of food-iishes Pish hatcheries Steaui vessels, food-fishes Smithsonian Institution. North American Ethnology Expenses of Smithsonian Institution Payment to X. H. Trotter, for paintings Independent treaswy. Salaries, office of assistant treasurers : Baltimore, Md Boston, Mass Chicago, 111 '. Cincinnati, Ohio New Orleans, La New York, N. Y Philadelphia, Pa St. Louis, Mo San Francisco, Cal Salaries of special agents, independent treasury Contingent expenses Treasui'or's general account of expenditures Paper for checks and drafts Life-Saving Service. Life-Saving Service Establishing lifo-saving stations Telephone line Cape Charles to Assateaguo Island, Tirgiuia . . Light-House Estalillsh men t. Salaries, keepers of light-houses Supplies of light-houses Kepairs of lig^it-houses Expenses of "light- vessels Expenses of buoyage Expenses of fog signals Inspecting lights Lighting of rivers Construction of light stations Construction of light-ships Construction of tenders Construction of li";ht-house depots Oil houses for light stations Miscellaneous light-house accounts Public buildings. Treasury building, "Washington, D. C Construction of— Court-houses and post-offices Custom-houses, etc No. of accounts 22 101 18 13 27 16 411 1 5 3 3 2 9 8 1 85 63 7 21 903 277 Amounts. $373, 641. 22 199, 535. 91 27, 030. 23 1, 109. 70 54, 183. 09 63, 278. 09 919, 655. 70 29, 048. 00 11, 008. 40 36.41 7, 549. 93 15, 533. 58 4, 410. 97 48.00 355, 509. 96 20,514.43 7, 233. 04 .66 54, 180. 00 160. 00 12 22, 800. 00 8 37, 477. 48 5 28, 316. 08 4 17, 560. 00 5 18, 120. 58 6 202, 717. 63 4 42, 12S. 97 4 19. 060. 00 4 27, 018. 21 6 3, 175. 95 206 123,291.38 4 704, 826, 431. 10 5 17, 225. 75 239 1, 347, 977. 60 57 1,370.18 1 820. 89 130 910,4)3.60 214 564,130.65 115 362, 278. 42 124 321, 685. 22 209 454, 464. 68 64 65, 998. 58 11 2, 034. 46 133 343, 842. 39 325 447, 027. 64 151 360, 428. 97 74 366, 822. 14 16 50, 542. 71 48 15, 720. 30 28 7, 718. 01 12, 899. 98 3,174,204.11 795, 739. 12 230 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE DISBURSEMEI^TS-Continued. Accounts adjusted. THEASUET DEPARTMENT— Continued. ruhlic buildings — Continued. Construction of— Continued- Appraisers' stores !Mavinc hospitals Mints liiiilding for Bureau of Engravinfc and Printinj;; Cdnstruction and repairs of buildings in Alaslia J-inildiiijj for oflico of tlio Supervising Arcliitcct Quarantine stations ISew roof for "Winder building Improving JQlia Island, New York Harbor, for immigration purposes liepairs and preservation of public buildings Miscellaneous Mints and assa'j offices. Salaries, office of Director of the Mint Contingent exitcnses, office of Director of Mint Treiglit on bullion and coin , Salaries, wages, and contingent expenses of United States mints and assay offices Gold and silver bullion Transportation of silver coins Hecoinage of uncnrrent fractional silver coins Coinage of silver bullion Tarling and I'efiuing bullion Manufacture of medals Storage and liandling of silver bullion Purchase of gold coin, act March 17, 1862 Hecoinage of gold coins Loss on rocoinago of Columbian half dollars Government in the Terri'on'es. Salaries of governors, etc., Territory of — Alaska Arizona New Mexico Oklahoma Utah Legislative expenses Contingent expenses _ Expenses constitutional conventions, Territories Compensati(m Utah Commission Contingent expenses Utah Commission Compeiisatitm and expenses officers of election, Utah Industrial Home, Utah I'urnit'.iro, Industrial Home, Utah Aid to Industrial Home, Utah Public schools, Territory of Oklahoma I'epairs of old adobe palace, Santa Po Ex])ensos first legislative assembly, Territory of Oklahoma Eeapportioument of members of the legislature, OKlahonia District of Coluinbia. Salaries, offices Salaries and contingent expenses, offices Salaries, sinking fund office . Imi)roveiuent and repairs Streets Uridges Public schools Buildings and grounds, public schools Metro])oiitan ])olice To maintain public order Fire dei)artmont Telegrajili and telephone service Health department Conrt.s AVashington Asylum Miscellaneous expenses Contingent and miscellaneous expenses Construction of county road.s Permit work Sewers Expenses of assessing real iiroperty Board of revision of 1892 assessment No. of accounts, 33 $19,196.94 57 31,001.72 t 6, 27'J. G4 2 482. 94 U 392. 43 (i 40.75 49 143, 271. 74 9 3,281.75 38 550, 884. 74 BO 200. 213. 19 25 1, 720. 78 5 36, 423. 05 139 8, 401. 07 12 9,315.52 202 1,153,683.34 20 98,640,914.32 121 GO, 059. 04 14 196, 439. 32 60 03. 014. 00 81 245, 402. 30 O 1, 575. 90 14 23,955.41 7 2, 515. 66 3 1, 390. 29 2 40, 469. 35 Amounts. 123 17, 900. 18 54 14, 003. 15 58 17, 2B0. 55 52 11,470.91 60 13,011.30 43 50, 529. 74 17 5, 134. 30 O 8, 225. 38 60 10, 000. 00 34 8, 839. 20 12 21, 864. 32 1 4, 180. 07 3 293. 90 8 3, 840. 11 2 1, 260. 00 3 17. 55 1 20. 27 3 1, too. 00 20 170, 560. 01 1 19. 50 12 2, 400. 00 32 397, 473. 67 35 384, 820. 45 34 20, 3U0. 51 51 1,211.225.00 30 00, 052. 85 27 456, 213. 10 7 7,120.14 28 130,076.14 21 23, 032. 33 31 71, 067. 21 52 44, 821. 14 27 53. 033. 17 2 51.84 41 70, 221. 30 30 30, 980. 32 40 324,514.09 44 321, 999. 15 13 3, 534. 82 5 3, 624. 00 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. DISBURSEMENTS— Continued. 231 Accoimis adjusted. TREASURY DEPARTMENT— continued. District of Columbia— Continued. Plats oi' subdivisions outside of Wasliington and Georgetown Hospii al lor t he Insane Transportation of ijaupers and prisoners Benniug road brid^ Eelief ot the poor, District of Columbia Buildings, lleforni School ■ Building, "Washington Asylum Building, Metropolitan police Building, Fire department Militia 3<;mergency fund AVrits of lunacy Judgments Zoological Bark ludufrtrial Home School Board to consider the locition of electric wres Building for Central Dispensary and Emergency Hospital Public bathing beach ." Expenses of Excise Board Clcarin g the Potomac Hirer of ice llcfnndiDg taxes Kefuuding water rent and taxes AVashington redemiition fund "Washington special tax fund Kedemptiou of tax -lien certiflcates Kedeniptiou of assessment certificates Guaranty fund Deficiency in sale of bonds retained from contractors Eiremen's relief fund Police relief fund Ivcdeniption of Pennsylvania Avenue paving certificates Rock Creek Park....." Befonn School KntioTinl Te;n::;cranco Homo Children's Hospital Columbia H(;s])ital, for women, etc "Washinji'ton }fs;;it:!l for Foundlings National Homeopathic Hospital Association AVonum's Christian Association Association for Works of Mercy St. Ann's Infant Asylum House of the Good Sheplicrd National Assor-iation for Colored "Women and Children Educalion of feeble-minded children Support of convicts St. Hose Industrial School German Orphan x\sylum Association Columbia Institute for Deaf and Dumb Building, Reform School for Girls Freedmcn's Hospital and Asylum Central Dis])ensary and Emergency Hospital St Joseph's Male Orphan Asylum "Women's Union Christian Association National Zoological Park: Organization, etc Improvements Buildings Maintenance 1 National Zoological Park, District of Columbia "W"ashiugton Aqueduct, District of Columbia Water supply, District of Columl)ia Increasing the water supply of Washington, D. C WAR DEPART3IEXT. Salaries, office of — Secretary Record and Pension Division Adjutant-General Insjicctor-General Jiulge-Advocatc-General Salaries, Signal Office Salaries, oflice of— Quartermaster-General Commissary-General Surgeon -General Paymaster-(;eneral '. No. of accounts Amounts. 13 $4, 400. 00 15 109, lOG. 60 22 4, 22LI. 41 11 39,119.91 2-i 24, 549. 10 1 212.26 11 4, 083. 50 11 5,529.11 22 16,634.80 31 27, 475. 76 27 G, 312. 99 18 2,213.35 11 14, 988. 42 (i 12 12, 210. 62 ^'> 12 3, 178. 38 1 1.01 2 171.80 2 4, 843. 33 IG 19, 303. 45 U 2, 304. 21 13 3, 077. 12 14 493. 61 14 175. 87 9 35.30 12 17, 777. 34 11 5,101.33 13 1, 935. 00 13 19,015.74 8 107. 00 12 842, 473. 28 15 43, 373. 30 9 1,99.5.13 12 9, 672. 31 12 20,016.17 9 4, 465. 98 12 6,403.94 12 4, 0;!5. 78 15 3,030.38 12 5, 940. 20 15 3,851.18 12 11, 477. 17 12 3, 102. 05 15 9,243.91 12 4,380.31 21 6, 178. 01 13 15, 300. 00 7 9,214.19 9 37, 900. 94 6 3, 374. 17 9 1, 500. 00 G 124. 29 fi 1, 594. 83 G 1, 220. 77 G 789. 03 10 6,474.21 10 35, 1.53. 10 12 21,761.76 o 40.00 10 1,021.19 105, 827. 70 984,191.20 211,182.26 9, 300. 02 14, 838. 39 5, 700. 00 156, 283. 59 42, 579. 00 183, 256. 97 39, 156. 13 232 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE DISBUKSEMENTS-Continued. Accounts adjusted. wxn DEPARTMEXT— continued. Sal.arics, olfioc of— Continued. Chiof of Ordnance Cliief of Engineers Pubiifation of Kecords of tlio llebcllion Index of Confederate Kecords Stationery Kent of building Contingent expenses, AVar Pepartnicnt Siilaries of employes public buildings and grounds, under Chief of En- gineers Postage to postal union countries Public huildings and grounds. - Improvement and care of public grounds Repairs, fuel, etc., Executive Mansion liepairs to water pipes and Are plugs Lighting, etc., Executive Mansion TtJlegraph to connect tbe Capitol, Departments, and Government Print- ing Oliico Contingent expenses War, civil, miscellaneous. Salaries, office of superintendent, State, "War, and Navy Dcpratmcnt building Fuel, ligbts, etc.. State, War, and iSTavy Department building Building for State, War, and Xavy Department Care and maintenance of the Wasbington Monument Support and medical treatment of destitute patients Maintenance of Garfield Hospital Prevention of obstructive and injurious deposits in harbor and adjacent "waters of Nevr York City Trenton Battle Monument, Trenton, N. J P.eUef of Harriet W. Shacklett Transportation of reports and maps to foreign countries Erection of tislnvays at Great Falls >:AVY DEPAItTMEXT. Salaries : Ofiice of Secretary Biu-eau of Tards and Docks Bureau of Equipment Bureau of Navigation Ofiice of Naval Kecords of the Kebellion Nautical Almanac OtJicc Hydrographic OtHce Contingent and miscellaneous expenses, Hydrographic Office Contingent and miscellaneous expenses, Nautit'al Almanac Ofiice Salaries, Naval Observatory Contingent and miscellaneous expenses, Naviil Observatory Salaries : Bureau of Ordnance Construction and Repair Steam Engineering Supplies and Accounts Medicine and Surgery Salaries, ofiice of Judge- Advocate-General, U. S. Navj' Library, Navy Department Contingent expenses, Navy Department DEPARTMENT OF THE I^"^ERIOK. Salaries, office of the Secretary Publishing the Biennial Register.- Stationery Library, Department of the Interior Rent of buildings Postage to Postal Union countries Contingent expenses. Department of the Interior Expenses of special land inspectors, Department of the Interior Salaries, General Land Ofiice Expenses of inspectors, General Land Office Library, General Land Office Maps of the United States Salaries : Indian Office Pension Office Investigation of pension cases, Pension Office No. of accounts. 4 4 4 3 6 4 7 12 3 12 11 11 12 12 9 Amounts. $44. 746. 68 23,185.00 31,149.77 10, 740. 60 43, 677. 44 6,499.90 57, 584. 71 49, 124. CO 810. 00 50, 804. 45 29, 246. 13 2, 220. 19 14, 860. 20 1, 463. 51 518. 23 6 '124,454.49 5 41, 241. 26 2 359. 38 11 11, 2.S6. 38 12 18, 999. 96 8 17, 592. 89 13 39, 107. 22 9 30, 000. 00 1 597. 00 5 3.75 10 17, 368. 10 7 ,53, 127. 98 7 11.884.80 7 8, 145. 93 1 29, 947. 69 8 17, 836. 17 8 25, 965. 98 7 49, 444. 80 14 63, 08(1. 83 9 1,040.00 7 36, 243. 51 9 17, 904. 35 7 13, 211. 80 7 14, 902. 70 7 12, 000. 10 7 40, 193. 39 7 13, 046. 20 7 11,343.95 14 3, 338. 92 IS 18, 097. 66 5 227, 528. 75 2 1, 678. 97 8 106,347.49 4 392. 32 6 26, 033. 21 4 3, 100. 00 14 109, 027. 09 37 3, 293. 28 9 541, 282. 89 6 6, 236. 50 7 596. 00 8 14, 696. 37 6 106, 632. 50 12 2, 268, 512. 75 170 266, 617. 06 REPORT OF TPIE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 233 - DISBURSEMENTS— Continued. Accounts .adjusted. DEP.uiTMENT OF THE INTERIOR— Continued. Salaries of special examiners, Pension Office Investigation of pension cases, special examiners Pension OHice Salaries : Patent Office Bureau of Education Library, Bureau of Education Distributing documents, Bureau of Education Collecting statistics. Bureau of Education Salaries, office of Commissioner of Kail roads Trav eling expenses, office of Commissioner of Railroads Salaries, "office of — Architect of Capitol Geological Survey Contingent expenses. Land Oilice Transcribing and copying, Indian Office Public buildinfjs and grounds. Repairs of building, Dcp.artment of tlie Interior Annual repairs of the Capitol Improving the Capitol grounds Lighting the Capitol grounds Capitol terraces Fireproof building for Pension Office Electric light plant, Senate Elevator, House of Representatives Steam boilers, Senate Repairs, Government Hospital for the Insane Bviildings and grounds, Government Hosxjital for the Insane Freight elevator, Pension Office building Pavement Capitol grounds Sanitary improvements of the Capitol Steam heating and machinery, Senate Engine house and Senate and House stables Benef claries. Current expenses : Gevernment Hospital for the Insane Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb Columbia Institntiou for the Deaf and Dumb, building and grounds Howard University Howard University, buildings, etc Maryland Institution for the Instruction of the Elind Interior — miscellaneous. Education of children in Alaska Colleges for agriculture and mechanic arts Public Land Service. Payment to E. G. Eahnestock, special agent General Land Office , Supremo Court Reports Depredations on public timber , Protecting public lands Settlement of claims for swamp lands, etc Protecting public lands, timber, etc , Reproducing plats of surveys. General Land Office Transcripts of records and plats Preservation of abandoned militarj- reservations Custodians of abandoned military reservations , Appraisement and .sale of abandoned military reservations , Surveying Public Lands. Surveying the public lands '. Geological Survey Geological maps of the United States Protection and improvement of Hot Springs, Ark Inspecting mines in the Territories , Revenues. Yellowstone National Park Boundary between North and South Dakota DEPARTJIENT OP LABOR. Salaries Library Stationery Postage to Postal Union countries , No. of accounts. Amounts. 5 $205,819.00 2 6.00 8 698, 056. 75 3 48, 4G7. 50 4 705. 50 6 2, 7-18. 78 10 4,172.32 5 14, 508. 00 6 1, 247. C6 4 20, 4G4. 00 18 53,044.80 3 5, 236. 56 a 808. 00 8 6, 075. 74 7 29, 621. 82 6 18, 660. 89 G 27,937.19 5 11,314.19 3 652. 35 5 1, 6;J5. 69 o 40.75 4 1,333.44 12 15,855.29 li 20, 333. 99 2 90.25 2 585. 44 3 57,168.58 3 992. 76 2 390. 56 13 329, 947. 19 4 52, 212. 78 1 2,000.00 5 27, 347. 43 4 1, 722. 11 4 6, 358. 32 19 50, 881. 72 50 897, 000. 00 1 449. 70 1 912. 00 8 60,010.93 6 52, 245. 16 3 7,840.59 3 99, 838. 45 7 5, 387. 68 7 10, 536. 25 4 2, 160. 00 1 5, 274. 70 5 5, 028. 54 5 17, 026. 01 318 664, 786. 00 44 90, 978. 53 12 37, 653. 20 2 3, 109. 70 3 1, 059. 60 1 63.00 13 99, 542. 25 18 1,150.?8 14 1, 288. 69 8 250. 00 234 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE DISBUESEMEKTS-Contimied. Accounts adjusted. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR — continued. nont MiscellancoH.s ospcuse.s . : Ooiitiiigeiit expeusc.'i Investigation ol' industrial and technical school systems of the TJnitcd States and foreign countries Investigation relative to the "Slums of the Cities" POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. Salaries Deficiency in the postal revenues - Poitt-OJice—miscellanco^ts. Kemoval and fiunishiTig Washington City post-office. Eeimhursenicnt to F. A. Cumiuiiigs Belief of— R. li. "Woodson B . P . Tlo e k af ello w Mrs. E. Frask DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Salaries Salaries and expenses. Bureau of Animal Industry. Quarantine stations for neat cattle Collecting agricultural statisti^-s Purcha.<;c and distribution of valuable seeds Experimental garden Laboratory Miiseum Library Experiments in the manufacture of sugar Botan ical investigations and experiments Poniological information , Salaries, Weather B;;rcau I'uci. ligl'.ts, and repairs, "Weather Bureau Contingent exi^cnses. Weather Bureau General expenses. Weather Bureau ATeathcr Bureau Stations, i\Iid«.lc and Thunder Bay Island, Lake Uuron. Experiments in the production of rainfall Materials, document and foldiiig room "Vegetable pathological investigations and experiments Illustrations and engravings .''. Irrigation investigations Investigating the adulteration of food Investigations in ornithology and mammalogy Agricultural experiment stations in various States Agricultural experiment stations Furniture, etc Investigating history, etc., of insects Keport on forestry Silk culture Postac Coutingent expenses Fiber investigations Microscopical in vestigations Erection of a Department of Agriculture. DEPAETIIEXT OF JUSTICE. Salaries Contingent expenses : Eiimiture and repairs ' Books for department library. Books for oftice of solicitor Stationery Miscellaneous items Transportation Building Postage". Mitcellaneovs. Salary, ■warden of jail. District of Columbia Expenses of Territorial courts in Utah Salaries of employes, court-house, Washington, D. C- Defenso in French spoliation claims Defending suits in claims against the "United States. 3 65 7 1 12 accounts. Amounts. 12 .^1, 990. 99 27 CO, 25fi. 35 18 3, 717. 37 13 1, 274. 05 7 6,551.50 7 P51. 148. 05 IG 6, 238, 001. 07 1 9.914.93 1 409. 50 1 142. 00 1 C14.U 1 243. 00 7 319, 91G. 79 45 700,080.14 7 17.955.44 15 132, 270. 58 8 201, 115. 46 6 29,051.57 8 18. 519. .U 7 2,911.56 10 3, C93. G2 28 43,478.01 29 39, 13.=!. 95 12 7, 625. 29 5 171,053.75 5 7,731.63 7 9, 279. 48 124 373, 944. 45 2 45S. 55 2 3,871.62 4 2, 506. 30 14 16, 677. 77 G 1,791.47 16 3, 374. 62 1 617. 23 28 IG, 442. 37 242 881,250.00 8 20, 502. 02 8 12, 210. 00 12 22, 532. 58 10 9, 000. 15 3 023. 79 5 5, 055. 00 11 27, 610. 20 10 10, 676. 60 6 1, 033. 22 1 332. 00 5 115, 099. 31 6 467. 03 3 2,179.54 3 240. 45 G 2, 147. 32 7 5, 9U9. 36 1, 235. 73 2 .5.00 1,350.00 95, 545. 34 11,779.80 11, 130. 94 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. , DISBUESEilEXTS -Conliuueil. 235 Accounts adjusted. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE — Continued. Miscellaneous — continued. Publisliing violations of intercourse acts and frauds Prosecution of crimes Expenses settling title to Greer County, claimed by Texa.s Support of convicts Shops, Utali penitentiary Traveling expenses. Territorj- of Alaska Defense in Indian depredations cl.iims Expenses of litigation for Eastern band, Xorth Carolina Cherokecs Kent and incidental expenses, ollice of marsbal of Alaska Payment of judgments, United States courts Eepairs to court-house, Washinj^ton, D. C Paj'ment of judgments, Court of AJiibama Claims Expenses of United States courts Construction of penitentiaries Eees and ex])enses in suit against Benj. Treil Claims of deputy marshals in Oklahoma JUDICIAL. Salaries : Justices, etc.. Supreme Court Circuit judges District judges i;ctired judges Salaries and expenses, Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Salaries and expenses. Circuit Court of Appeals District attorneys. Salaries assistant district attorneys l^cgular assistant district attorneys District marshals Justices and judges supreme court, District of Cidumbia Court of Private L.aud Claims Fees and expenses of marshals Pees of district attorneys Special compensation of district attorneys. United States courts.. Pay of special assistant attorneys Payment to James Lyons and others for services Salary and expenses reporter of the Supreme Court Fees of — Clerks Commissioners Jurors Witnesses ^ Support of prisoners Eent of courtrooms Miscellaneous expenses Fees of supervisors of elections Fines and forfeitures Judicial emoluments Pay of bailifts Pay of special deputy marshals at Congressional elections Total disbursements . Grand total, receipts and disbursements No. of accounts. 10 $3, 701. C3 28 34,051.63 3 2, .557. 43 4 23,368.51 1 1,472.80 7 235. 50 56 5, 57 J. 15 2 1,433.00 41 1,302.78 42 16, 388. 02 4 1, 249. 51 1 744. 33 5 2, 355. 21 2 28. OU 1 75i). 00 92 21, 900. 00 36, 767 Amounts. 231 106,087.65 108 53, 007. 30 774 322, 205. 10 168 67, 524. 85 1 1,771.95 251 98, 496. 91 291 20, 613. 54 10 2, 252. 24 345 .118,904.98 240 9, 127. 82 63 21.542.95 122 57, 141. 27 705 1,813,166.60 516 428, 063. 30 91 25. 683. 08 51 26, 303. 25 1 1,600.00 6 7, 500. 00 786 432, 672. 98 2,346 455,233.41 517 710, 730. 52 793 1, 318, 040. 82 606 686, 140. 21 234 76,410.45 806 247. ISO. 81 123 553, 022. 81 5 5, 253. 45 230 1,618,375.88 590 185, 852. 80 3 9, 263. 77 33, 750 1, 280, 343, 663. 57 2, 386, 461, 891. 79 Number of certificates indexed 14, 885 Number of letters indexed 4. 295 Number of certificates recorded 25, 518 Number of letters press copied 4.293 Number of powers of attorney filed and briefed 1, 674 IJcquisitions answered 2, 714 National bank changes 2, 125 Accounts, letters, etc., received and entered 29,763 Authorities recorded 1, 674 Number of references to other offices 1,045 Entries on register of authorities 2, 239 Number of powers of attorney entered and referred 687 Number of acknowledgments 5, 143 Number of letters written 4, 295 Number of warrants received ard entered 6, 279 Certificates of authority furnished 299 236 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Summary Statement of the "Work of the Office as Shown by tiie Reports OF the Various Divisions. customs division — II. K. LEAVER, CHIEF. [Audits the accounts of collectors of customs for receipts of cnstoms revcnuo, and disbursements for the expenses of collecting tlie same, and also including acoonnta of collectors, for receipts and dis- bursements in connection with the llevcnue-Cuttcr, fines, Light-House, and Marine-Hospital Services, ■with accounts for oliicial emoluments, debentures, refund of duties, sales of old materials and miscellaneous disbursements.] No. of accounts. Amount. Ileceipts --- .- . . 2,827 8,393 $235, 194, 588. 77 Disbursements . 16, 359, 041. 74 Total 11, 220 251, 553, G30. 51 [Audits tlie accounts of district attorneys, marshals, clerks, and commissioners; rents and mis- cellaneous court accounts.] Disbursements. Amount. $9, 149, SO.-). 72 PUBLIC DEBT DIVISION — J. G. DILL, CHIEF. [Audits all accounts for paymeDt of interest on the public debt, both registered stock and coupon bonds, interest on District of Columbia bonds, Pacidc liailroad bonds, Louisville and Portland Canal bonds, navy pension fund, redemption of United States and District of Columbia bonds, redemption of coin and currency certificates, old notes, and bounty scrip, and accounts for notes and fractional currency destroyed.] -L> O. Ol accounts. Amoant. 456 $22, 574, 016. 74 13 750, 854. 18 4 30, 684. 36 10 28, 760. 56 12 959, 747. 35 2 405, 208. 00 633, 088. 60 63 93, 168, 284. 64 55 260, 099, 106. 98 621 384, 650, 357. 41 Interest on United States securities Interest on District of Columbia securities Miscellaneous securities Eedcmption of United States bonds retired Eedcmption of United States bonds— sinking fund Redemption of 3.05 District of Colninbia bonds Eedcmption of District of Columbia bonds — sinking fund Miscellaneous securities United States circulating securities destroyed Total MISCELLANEOUS DIVISION— CHESTER E. I5EES, CHIEF. [Audits accounts of District of Columbia, salaries and contingent expenses Executive Departmentsi Fish Commission, Weather Bureau, Life-Saving Service, pliblic printing and binding, Senate and House of Representatives, outstanding liabilities, bonded and land-gVant railroads, Coast and Geodetic and Geological .Surveys, Congressional Library, judgments of the Court of Claims, postal requisitions, and a vast number of miscellaneous accounts.] Number of jiccounts. Amount. Eeceints 95 6,735 $12, 535, 232. 41 44, 803, 309. 82 Disbursements Total 6,830 .^7 33S fi'!2 ""i REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 237 DIVISION OF MINTS AND SUBTREASURIES— H. CLAY STIER, ACTING CHIEF. [Antlits account.? of mints and assay offices, construction and care of public buildings. United States Treasurer, Light-House Establisbment, Bureau of Engravin;? and Printing, Territorial, Independ- ent Treasury, Marine Hospital, Steamboat-Inspection Service, hospitals for the insane and deaf and dumb, etc.] Receipts Disbiu'sements Total.... ITumber of accounts. 95 7,763 Amount. $858, 388, 407. 04 825,381,558.88 7,858 1, 683, 769, 965. 02 warehouse and bond division — j. p. torbert, acting chief. Statement of Transactions in Bonded Merchandise, as shown by Accounts Adjusted During the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1893. No. of accounts. Amount. Nnmljer of accounts adjusted .. 977 409 Nmnberofaccountsof "No transactions" received, examined, andrelerred $21, 159, 424. S3 57,899,925 31 Duties on merchandise warehoused Duties on merchandise re warehoused 3,415,574 10 Duties on merchandise ronstmctivelv "warehonsed 54, 293, 355. 03 706 261 02 Increased and additional duties - - Total 137, 474, 540. 29 Contra. Duties on merchandise withdrawn for consumption 46, 110 077 33 Duties on merchandise withdrawn for transportation 4 465 r>'23 ?4. Duties on merchandise withdrawn for exportation 54 80'' 865 85 Allowances for deficiencies, damages, etc 1 238 721 30 Duties on withdrawals for construction and repairs of vessels 5 090 66 Duties on bonds delivered to district attorneys for prosecution 80 30 Error in balance last report ... 9g 80 Ualance on duties on merchandise in warehouse. 30, 852, 352. 81 Total 137, 474, 540. 29 EECAPITULATION". , No. of accounts. Amount. Customs division : Keceipts and disbursements 11,220 10, 238 621 6,830 7,858 251 553 630 51 Judiciarv division : Disbursements 9 149 305 72 Public debt division : Total . . 384, 650, 357. 41 57, 338, 632. 23 1, 683, 769, 965. 92 Miscellaneous division : Receipts and disbursements Division of mints and subtreasuries : Receipts and disbursements Total receipts and disbursements 36, 767 977 2, 386, 461, 891. 79 137 474 n'O ''Q Warehouse and bond division : Amount involved Total number of accounts settled and total amonnt involved in settlement 37, 744 2,523,936,432.08 238 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Statkment Showlng the Nu.-\ibeu of Accounts on Hand at tue Beginning of THE Fiscal Yeak, 1893, the Nu.mber Deceived, the Number Audited and the Number Remaining at the Close of the Fiscal Year. Division. Number of accounts on hand July 1, 1892. Number of accounts received. Number of accounts audited. Number of ac- counts re- maining Juno 30, 1803. 2,361 93 57 779 1,116 12 11,103 10, 225 027 0,400 7,525 1,033 11, 220 10, 238 021 0,830 7,858 977 2,244 80 Pnhlip (lol)f, 63 ATispoll.'mcoTis -. 409 "IVTints i^io, .. _...........................■....•--- 783 08 Total 4,418 36, 973 37, 7U' 3,647 Decrease in number of accounts remaining in the oSBco unsettled, as between June 30, 1892 and June 30, 1S93, 771. The accounts remaiuing June 30, 1893, were received as follows: Divisions. Customs - . Judici.arv Public debt M iscellancons Mints and sub-treasuries Warehouse, bond, and records Prior to Januarj- 1, 1893. During , During the quai-- the quar- ter ending ter end- ilarch 31, ing J uno 1893. 30, 1893. 585 1 42 377 1 88 280 Total - 028 746 1282 80 61 279 503 68 2273 Of tlie G28 accounts received prior to January ] , 1893, and now ou liand, oGl are olficial emoluments wliich can not be stated until the close of the fiscal year 5 30 have been examined and are held for Eegister's certificates which can not be had until former accounts have been acted upon by the First Comi^troller; 1 is stated only at the close of the fiscal year; 3 are examined and avraiting correction; 5 await the issue of repay-coveriug warrants; 4 are held because settlement has been post- poned by direction of the Secretary; 24 accounts await deposits before statement. Of the 74G accounts received during the quarter ending March 31, 1893, and now on hand, 356 are official emoluments; 21 are held await- ing deposits; 42 have been examined and await Eegisters certificates; 1 is stated at the end of the fiscal year; 2 have been examined and are held for correction. or the 2,273 accounts received since March 31, 1893, and now on hand 391 are official emoluments; 10 have been examined and await liegister's certificates. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 239 1^-3^ L- o CO CO oc CT. t' L- C5 .^0 c-1 cc CO c; 71 o o -*■ :ri -# cc u-j CI CO i i lo c:: ti — i-< co cj c^ i-l i-( I-* i-l r-l rH T— . r-i Tl ?^ C^l C-l r-t CJ C» C-^ 75 rO ror:i'^oioir5COr?''»*«coroco'rp' • • ■ t t CO 7^1 ! I * ! I ! ! ! ! 1 ! ! 1 ! ' ! ! ! I ! I ! i I '• I ! • • • ' t^^ o • > • ••.... ^^-f. » i ■ r-i ir^ I I I .' .' ' ! ! .' I I .' i ! I I ! I I I I . I . . • • ■ • • • o'^jT t- t- 00 ^ ! ! I I ! ) I I I i ! I ! ! i I I ! ! ! 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I I i I ; i i I I ; I ! i ; ; I ! I ; I I ; I ! ', ; ! ; CI i^ I . I I . I ! . I . I . I I . I . (M cs . ■ ■ . . • . ^ ^ . I ! ! ! ! ! I i I I ! * . I i '. • * ■ . I .-T — iOCOOOCISCl — OlO.-'CO-ft- Pc--r('.-JX~X71c:?0'nOOXOt-71XO o o -^ :;; 7 1 7^1 •— o lO CO c: c: t— CO c; -r -T X '— ^^ o C7 o — ro o CO ir: o w r; -.' lo "^ c; lio o ic; CO X CO CO wJ 1-* 7 1 -^ 7-1 c: X o CO ts o CO X Ci t- cs 71 c: ?;; ri X o w t- L^ I^CCT O" cT CO" O ^ 70 7-r rjT o -i*" l>^ 1^^ CS^ C^ 0~ t-^ CT cT o" T^f 7f ro" '<*^ ^rH^,-(f-tTHiHrHi-'THt-(r-ir-H-ir-iC^CNC**rHiM-0-#ir0tr>r— OOCSOr-fC^lCO t-o:o-jrooo;7::^r-r— t-t—t-t—c— t-i— L-xocxooxoox>oocoooCia:cjCJ xxcocoooxxcocooooooocoooooooooxxoocccooooooocoxcooocoooxoo 240 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE The foregoing exliibit sliows that the vohiine of business done in this office during the fiscal year 1893 was greater than that of any year since the establishment of this office, and that the work of the office is nearer uj) to date than for many j^ears past. At the beginning of the fiscal year 1893 there were on hand in this office 4,418 accounts, and at the beginning of the last quarter of the fis- cal year (April 1, 1893) there were on hand 4,737 accounts. This report, as submitted, shows that the current work of the office has been trans- acted and the number of accounts on hand reduced from 4,418 July 1, 1892, and 4,737 April 1, 1893, to 3,647, and this reduction still contin- ues, and it will be observed that the work of the office is now nearly current. My efforts to dispose of the work in the order of its receipt in the office have been most heartily aided by the deputy auditor, chiefs of division and clerks, and 1 am pleased to report that it will be but a short time until all delayed accounts are audited, and then it will be possible to dispatch the business received in the office without delay. When I assumed this office I found it necessary to abolish the prac- tice of making accounts special and auditing them out of the order of their receipt. Accounts are now made special only in very rare and extraordinary cases, and then only by the personal direction of the head of the office. This order has resulted in benefit to those claimants and officers who have not attorneys or other persons to represent them, and has not prejudiced any. It may be added that, under the rule re- quiring accounts to be adjusted in the order of their receipt in the office, officers and claimants are more prompt in rendering their ac- counts and in having them in correct form, they knowing that if the accounts are returned for correction they will lose their first order of adjustment. I respectfully call your attention to the fact that the business of this office is rapidly increasing year by year, and that since the last in- crease in the clerical force, July 1, ISSO, the work of the office has in- creased 35 per cent. Without criticising the recommendations of my predecessors, from time to time jnadc, for an increase in said force, I am of the opinion that the number of employes at present provided is sufficient for the present demands of the public business, but submit that, as there is now no work for copyists in this office, and that as all clerks are auditiisg accounts, the salary of the four copyists at $900 per annum and of the three clerks at $1,000 per annum, as now provided, should be increased to $1,200 per annum, respectively. These clerks do exactly the same character of work that is done by clerks receiving $1,800 per year. In my judgment, no clerk unable to audit accounts should be employed in this office, and any clerk performing such serv- ice as is now rendered should receive at least $1,200 per annum, as recommended in my estimates submitted for the fiscal year 1895. I take pleasure in commending to your favorable consideration the officers and clerks in this office, who have aided so cheerfully and faith- fully in making possible the submission of so favorable a report as is herewith presented. Ernest P. Baldwin, First Auditor. The Secretary of the Treasury. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 241 EEPOET OF THE SECOi^D AUDITOE. Treasury Department, Second Auditor's Office, Washington, D. C, Octoher 14, 1803. Sir : I hav.e the liouor to submit tlie following- anuual report, show- ing the details of the work performed in this office during the iiscal year ending June 30, 1893. #.i<. 48. .jfr .U. ^p .M. "Jr "IP "Jp Tt* TP "JS* The application of moneys appropriated for the Indian service, the Medical Department, Pay Department, Ordnance Department, expenses of the Commanding General's Office, contingencies of the Adjutant- General's Office, the Soldiers' Home, the IsTatioua] Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, the Artillery School at Fortress Monroe, publica- tion of Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, contingencies of the military establishment, etc., is indicated by the subjoined tabular statements of amounts drawn from the Treasury on requisitions of the Secretary of War and Secretary of the Interior, repayments of unex- pended balances, and a2,gregate balances remaining in the Treasury on June 30, 1893. Appropriations Indian Service. Advance interest to certain Indian tribes %. Aiding Indian allottees, nndcr act of Febrnary 8, 18S7 Allotments to certain Indian tribes a:id bands Appraisement and sale of Round Yallej' Indian Ileservation Bridges at San tee, Sioux, and Ponca reservations Buildings and repairs at agencies Civilization fund Civilization of the Sionx , Civilization and support of Sioux, Medawakanton band Commissions to negotiate with various Indian tribes and bands Contingencies of the Indian Department , Ditches and reservoirs for ISTavajoes Education Sionx Xation , Expenses of Board of Indian Commissioners Flour mill, Pima Agency, Ariz EulflUing treaties M'ith various Indian tribes Gratuity to certain Ute Indians Homesteads for Indians Incidental expenses of the Indian Service Indian exhibit. World's Columbian Exposition Indian moneys, proceeds of sales Interest on trust funds, etc Investigating Indian dejiredation claims Irrigation, Indi.an reservations , Judgments, Indian depredation claims Negotiating with certain Indian tribes Pay of Indian agents, farmers, inspectors, interpreters, judges, matrons, police, and school superintendents PajTnents to various Indian tribes and bands Proceeds of Indian reservations Purchase of lands for certain Indians Relief of certain Indians Relief of sundry persons Sale and allotment of Umatilla Reservation School buildings and support of schools Substation, Shoshone Agency, AVyo Support of various Indian tribes and bands Surveying and allotting Indian reservations Telegraphing and purchase of Indian supplies Transportation of Indian supplies Traveling expenses of Indian inspectors and school superintendent.. Unfinished allotments under act of February 8, 1887 Vaccination of Indians Miscellaneous items Drafts. Totaldrafts and repayments on acccount of Indian appropriations . Ab. 93 16 $148, 4f>, 21, 9, 19, 2, 217, 4, 39, -tl, 0, 94. 4, 8, 1, 223, 103, 4, 111, 1, 688, O 38! 402, 15, Repayments. 889. 51 530. 32 92.5. 53 306. 18 COS. 82 277. 40 775. 70 019. 77 523. G2 081. 60 724. 19 017.22 890. 89 873. 34 495. 15 248. 73 403. 50 610. 88 984. 29 465. 00 811.29 949. 88 700. 00 277.48 899. 47 388. 22 333, 832. 33 3,638,614.92 12, 685. 06 32, 500. 00 120, 722. 36 5, 472. 89 8, 077. 90 2, 395, 165. 61 4, 939. 90 2, 370, 875. 25 \ 86,559.86 | 64, 127. 70 I 302, 113. 62 9, 004. 71 1,861,62 i 447.00 I 1,154.11 $50, 039. 04 1,721.76 15.00 3,001.38 6, 62iJ. 7i 1, 153. 68 14.62 1. 343. 87 7,601.45 496. 47 977. 97 727. 75 1, 502. 48 47 138 28 248. 60 8 255. 61 15 209. 2G 31 085 58 156. 17 1 265. 96 3,496.58 5,281.96 25, 257. 51 410. 66 11, 684. 35 20.00 63, 057. 70 42,290.47 19,017.36 5, 289. 22 18,113.24 1, 200. 05 468. 25 15.00 68.85 13, 719, 012. 82 373, 716. 61 242 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Appropriations. War Department. Arraiuj; ami equipping tlio militia — Arseiwils Artillery school at Fortress Monroe, Va.- Hoiiiity "to Fifteenth and Sixteenth Missouri Cavalry Bounty to volunteers, their -widows and legal heirs JSounty under act of July 2S, 1866 Contingencies of the Army Contingencies, headquarters military departments Draft and substitut o fund Expenses of Connuanding-General's ofhce Expenses of military con^^cts Ex] lenses of recruiting Extra pay to officers and men who served in the Mexican war Infantryand cavalry scliool, Fort Leavenworth, Kaus Library, Surgeon-General's office Medical andhospital department Ordnanc-e service, ordnance, ordnance stores, etc. ; ordnance material, proceeds sales Pay, etc., of the Army Pay of the Militarj- Academy Pay of two and three-year volunteers Payments under special acts to sundry persons Proving ground, Sandy Hook, Js-J../. Publication of official records of the v.'ar of the relx^llion Ecimbursing Pennsylvania for moneys expended in payment of militia . Pock Lsland bridge Signal Service Soldiers' Home, permanent fund, r Soldiers' Home, interest account Siipport of Xatioual Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers Support of Soldiers' Home Traveling expenses of California and Kcvada Toluntcers and the First Michigan Cavalry Miscellaneous items Total drafts and repayments on accbnnt of War Department appropriations Drafts. $■451, 751. 300, 7G'a. 5,000. 575. 351, 9!t'J. 50, 050. 14,340. 2, 940. 305, 1. 75;i. 3, 2! 8. 121, 21 S. 096. 1, 500. 13, 403. 491, 53S. 04 13 00 07 55 do 03 00 58 00 16 11 71 00 '■ 54 i 66 I Eepayments. 3, 254, 740. 75 13,0ri0, 112.37 207. OSS. 50 566, 3G9. 5G 6, 809. 00 C4, 023. 97 240, 426. 52 S, 7.32. 50 62, 750. 00 99L 65 129, 000. 00 74,198.06 3, 286. 535. 41 162, 733. 05 974. 53 1,515.49 22, 873, 110. 54 $2, 070. 78 285. 19 630. 22 5, 090. 05 1,677.27 6.52 702. 44 5,918.59 173, 315. 21 245, 560. 47 540, 884. 51 7, 084. 38 1,660.40 13. 55 9, 526. 13 313. 50 99, 780. 78 176. 06 1,094,702.62 paymasters' division. The duties of this division are to audit and adjust the accounts of army paymasters; to state accounts in favor of the Soldiers' Home for the monthly contributions of 12i cents by enlisted men of the Army, court-martial fines, forfeitures by desertion, etc.; to keep a record of de- posits by and repayments to enlisted men; to determine the long-evity status of officers of the Army; to raise charges against officers for over- jiayments, erroneous musters, etc.; to transfer to the Third Auditor's books such amounts collected by paymasters as have not alreadj^ been deposited and passed to the credit of the proper appropriations on books of tlie Second and Third Auditors, and to make such settlements of a miscellaneous character as are incidental to the general yvovk of the division. The work performed during the year is shown by the following figures : Number on Land July 1, 1892 109 Number received from I'avmaster-General, U. S. ..irmy. during the year cndiug June 30, 1893 ' ". 370 Number to be accounted for 479 Number examined, reported, and transmitted to the Second Comptroller during the year 380 Number on hand June 30, 1893 99 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 243 Amount disbursed iu tlie 380 accouuts to the Second Comptroller during the year, 814,223,501.83. On the SOtli of June, 1893, the accounts of array paymasters were rendered to this office to include March, 1893, audited to include Decem- ber, 1892, and confirmed to include August, 1892. Thirty-two pay- masters were on duty and rendering accounts, so that the 99 accounts on hand represent a period of about three months. Deposits. — The record of deposits by enlisted men under the act of May 15, 1872, shows that 5,411 deposits were made since last report, amounting to ^274,026.00, and that 5,010 deposits, amounting to $292,- 870.41, have been withdrawn, upon which the depositors received inter- est amounting to 827,530.55. Miscellaneous settlements. — Amount involved in 55 settlements credit- ing the Soldiers' Home with sums ascertained to be due in auditing pay- masters' accounts, 6121,279.41 ; in 5 settlements charging officers with sums overdrawn, $101.08; in 2 settlements crediting amounts refunded on account of overpayment, $6; in 5 settlements crediting amounts erroneously charged, 83,883.44; in 2 settlements paying owners of out- standing checks, 602.55, and in 71 settlements transferring amounts from appropriation for "Pay, etc., of the Army" to the credit of sundry appropriations on the books of the Second and Third Auditor on account of ordnance, transportation, etc., 893,577.87, making a total oi 140 settlements and involving the sum of 8218,911.05. Longevity. — Xumbcr of cases iu which dates have been revised and established showing the time from which increase is due cflicers of the Army for length of service, 120. Deserters. — Number of cases settled during the year, 2,005. Correspondence. — Xumber of letters received, 1.331 ; number of let- ters written, 1,100. Xumber of vouchers "in the 380 i:)aymasters' accounts examined and reported, 70,011. ORDlSrANCE, MEDICAL, AND ]MISCELLA]N'EOUS DIYISIOIT. With the exception of paymasters' accouuts all army disbursing accounts rendered to the second auditor are audited iu this division; also the accounts of the jSTational Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers and the military accounts of the disbursing clerk of the War Depart- ment; also claims of a miscellaneous character, namely, claims under special acts of Congress; claims for material furnished the ordnance department ; for refundment of bounty money taken from soldiers under General Orders 305 of 1861; for refundment of money erroneously paid to secure exemj^tion from draft, etc. The book records of payments to officers of the regular and volunteer armies are kept in this division, and transcripts from said records are furnished when required by other divisions. It also has charge of the files of settled ordnance, medical, and miscelbneous accounts from 1817 to date. IIS^DIAN DlVISIOiSr. The general duties of the Indian division are to audit the money acconnts of Indian agents and other disbursing officers of the Indian service and the claims of contractors, employes, etc., for supplies fur- nished and services rendered; also to examine and finally dispose of the property accouuts of Indian disbursing officers and to keep records 244 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE of contracts for supplies and delivery thereunder, so tliat any article can be readily traced from the place of purchase to its destination. This division has charge of the liles of settled accounts and claims pertain- ing to the Indian service and furnishes to the Attorney-General and to the proper courts such information and documentary evidence as may be found in said liles touching suits against the United States. It also makes transcripts of the accounts of Indian disbursing officers in cases where it is necessary to bring suit for balances found due the Government. PAY AND BOUNTY DIVISION. This division is subdivided into six branches or sections, namely: (1) The registering branchy by which all claims for arrears of pay and bounty that have accrued since April 13, 1861, are received, registered according to regiments or other independent organizations, and sent to the files of claims awaiting examination. After being certified by the Second Auditor and Second Comptroller, the claims again i^ass through this branch in order that the number of the certificates maybe entered on the claims' register, thus comxileting the record. Letters of inquiry concerning claims, cither settled or pending, are necessarily referred to this branch for information as to date of filing, number of certificate, etc. (2) The examining branch, by which such evidence as may be neces- sary to complete claims is collected and scrutinized. When completed, if there appears to be anything due from the United States, the cases, after passing the board of review, go to the settling branch for adjust- ment. In cases where formal settlements have not previously been made, and it is evident that nothing is due the claimants, settlements disallowing the claims are made in this branch and reported to the Comptroller for his action thereon as required Iby law. In future, cases of this kind will be disallowed by the Second Auditor under the pro- visions of the act of July 16, 1892. In cases where formal settlements have already been made and it is apparent that nothing further is due, claimants are so notified and the papers are filed with said settlements. (3) The settling branch, by Avhich all claims passed by the examining branch and reported correct by the board of review are formally ad- justed by certificate settlements and reported to the Second Comptroller. (4) The correspondence branch, in which inquiries relating to settled claims, and all letters from members of Congress in regard to claims, whether open or settled, are answered, and the miscellaneous corre- si)ondence attended to, including the writing of letters to claimants and attornej^s, notifying them of the settlement of their claims. This branch also transmits certificates to the Paymaster-General for i^ay- ment, and keeps the necessary records showing under what heads of appropriations balances have been certified. (5) Branch in charge of open and disalloiced files. — These files consist of claims awaiting evidence to be furnished by claimants and attor- neys, claims awaiting action by the examining and settling branches, claims summarily disallowed by the Auditor prior to January 1, 1882, and not since called up, and claims which have not been comi^leted by the parties in interest and are regarded as abandoned. (6) Branch in charge of files of settled claims. — These files consist of claims for arrears of pay and bounty which have been formally certified by the Second Auditor and Second Comptroller since 1832. ******* REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 245 DIVISION OF INQUIRIES AND REPLIES. The followiiio- are the duties assigned to this division: To ansv^'cr calls for information in regard to officers and enlisted men who served in the armies of the United States since the war of 1812, from the Adju- tant-General, Quartermaster-General, Commissary-General of Subsist- ence, the Commissioner of Pensions, the Third and Fourth Auditors of the Treasury,. and the various divisions of this oflice; to furnish the pay and bounty division with statements of payments to officers and enlisted men on detached service, absent, sick, etc., who are not paid on the regular muster and pay rolls of their commands; to copy or repair worn and defaced rolls and vouchers; to comi^are and verify the signatures of claimants and their witnesses who have cases before the Pension and Third Auditor's offices with their signatures on the origi- nal rolls and vouchers on file in this office, and to furnish copies of such affidavits, final statements, certificates of .disability, etc., as may be required by the Adjutant-General and other officers. *^v iiif -iv •II' ■•'> «ifc "T!- w vf tp w w MAIL DIVISION. The general duties of the mail division are to carefully examine, stamp, assort, and distribute the entire incoming mail of the office, in- cluding all i)ai)ers received from the Second Comptroller's office, the Indian Office, the War Department, etc.; to inspect the outgoing mail and see that errors and irregularities are corrected; to answer all let- ters not relating to claims on file, and to dispose of or prox)erly refer all letters, claims, etc., which do not pertain to this office. ARCHIVES DIVISION. This division has charge of all accounts of Army paymasters which have ever been settled by the Second Auditor and Second Comptroller; also of the book records of payments to regiments, batteries, and other independent orgaisizations, detachments, hospitals, paroled i:)risoners of war, recruiting parties, and all other separate commands. It with- draws from the files such vouchers as are required by the settling- clerks in other divisions, and returns them to their i)roper places when no longer required. ******* Having taken charge of the office on April 8, 1893, the principal portion of the work, an account of which is contained in this annual report, was done under the direction of my predecessor. The clerical force of the oflice had been divided into eleven divisions until the "old army division" was abolished by my predecessor, during the last fiscal year, leaving ten divisions in operation when I took charge of the office. As the acts of Congress making api^ropriations for the expenses of this office have never provided pay for chiefs of more than six divisions the other four divisions were necessarily under tlie charge of four clerks of the classified service, designated as acting chiefs of divisions, which seemed to lack legal sanction. I have therefore consolidated several divisions, reducing the number to six divisions, and placed the whole of the clerical force under the charge of the six chiefs of divisions provided for by law. The six divisions thus formed are as follows : Bookkeeper's Division, Paymaster, Ordnance and Medical Division, Pay and Bounty Division, Mail and Property Division, Archives Division, and Indian Division. 246 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE It will be observed from the (lata contained in this report that the -work iu arrears lias been diminished, and it is hoped that the reorgan- ization as indicated above will exi)edite the dispatch of business and that the work Avill in a few years be brought up to date. Very respectfully, T. Stobo Fakeow, Auditor. The Secretary of the Treasury. REPOKT OF THE TniED AUDITOE. Treasury Department, Third Auditor's Office, Se2)temher 30, 1893. Sir: I have the honor to transmit hereAvith report of the operations of this office for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893. The following statement shows, iu tabular form, the number aud amount of accounts and claims on hand July 1, 1892, received and audited during the fiscal vear, and remaining on hand unsettled June 30, 1893. Description of accounts. Quartermasters' money accounts Quartermasters' property returns Enreservation of national cemeteries, and the construction of authorized roads. The accounts of the Subsistence Department em- brace all expenditures necessaryfor supplying the Army with provisions and the care and i^roper distribution of the same. The accounts of the 248 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Corps of Engineers settled in this division, embrace expenditures for sites and materials for and repairs of tlie various fortifications tlirougli- out tlie United States; tlie purchase of sites and materials for seacoast defences; the examination and survey of the Northern and Western lakes and rivers; construction and repair of breakwaters, and the improve- ment of the rivers and harbors of the United States. The accounts of the Signal Service embrace all expenditures for army signalling and the maintenance and rei:>air of military telegraph lines. The accounts of the Military Academy and Military Prison, embrace all expenditures necessary for the support of those institutions. CLAIMS DIVISION. To this division is assigned the examination of all claims within the jurisdiction of this office, except claims payable from pension funds. They include claims for supplies purchased or appropriated for the Army ; for the transportation and telegraphic service of the Army; for the pnr- chase, hire, or appropriation of boats, cars, engines, horses, mules, wag- ons, or other means of army transportation; for the value of property of citizens, or officers and soldiers, lost in the military service; for mile- age, traveling expenses, comiimtations, and other allowances to officers or soldiers of tlie Army; claiuts of States for reimbursement, under va- rious acts, of the expenses incurred in raising and furnishing volunteers or militia for United States service; claims growing out of various Indian vrars; claims under special acts of Congress; also, the prepara- tion of evidence called for in cases in the Court of Claims or before Con- gress. The nature of the duties requires great familiarity with the stat- utes, skill in methods of investigation, judgment in weighing evidence, and renders the division one of the most important and responsible in the Treasury. #•^0 tilm ^t" 41- •i'' •SI' TP ^ TP W TP TT THE PILES. Attention has repeatedly been called to the overcrowded condition of the files of this olfice, and I urgently request that some adequate provision be made for the preservation of the many millions of vouchers and other valuable records now in the custody of this office, and to which constant additions are being made. The pension files alone re- ceive a yearly addition of nearly four million vouchers. Every availa- ble foot of space is already occupied, and as the Auditor is charged by law with the i)reservatiou of these accounts and vouchers, I can not too strongly urge the serions importance of some immediate action in the premises. I can not now see how this office can, without additional files room, preserve the records as the law requires. I desire to testify as to the very efficient help and hearty cooperation of the Dejuity Auditor, chiefs of division, and clerks in the discharge of the duties of the office. Samuel Blackwell, Th inJ Auditor. The Seceetary op the Treasury. REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 249 KEPOKT OF THE FOURTH AUDITOE. Treasury Department, Fourth Auditor's Office, WasJiingto7i, September 27, 1S93. Sir : I liave the honor to submit the annnal report of this Bureau for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893. The balances, liabilities, and payments under ^'pay" and other ap- propriations are shown by the following statements: Statement of Appropriatioxs, Pay of Navy and Pay of Marine Corps, 1893. Pay of tlie Navy, 1S93. Balance in hands of disbursing officers June 30, 1893 $91, 809. 54 Balance in Treasury as shown by ledger June 30, 1893 1, 618, 091. 67 Total balance 1,709,901.21 The liabilities June 30, 1893, were as follows : Due and unpaid officers and men $594, 654. 11 Due naval hospital fund 48, 371. 09 Due clothing and small stores fund 145, 061. 91 Due provisions, navy 2, 590. 99 Due on account of unpaid allotments 20, 824. 00 Due general account of advances 738, 471. 15 Total liabilities 1, 549, 973. 25 Apparent available balance 159, 927. 96 Pay of the Marine Corps, 1893. Balance in. hands of disbursing officers June 30, 1893 $13, 584. 75 Balance in Treasury as shown by ledger June 30, 1893 '. 112, 874. 25 Total balance 126, 459. 00 The liabilities June 30, 1893, were as follows : Due and unpaid officers and men $41, 157. 80 Duo naval hospital fund 8, 578. 93 Due general account of advances 34, 322. 41 Total liabilities 84, 059. 14 Ajjparent available balance 42, 399. 8q ****** * The sura of $2,418.32 was expended under section 4718 of the Revised Statutes to reimburse those who bore the expense of last sickness and burial of pensioners. So brief a x)eriod has elapsed since I personally entered upon the duties of the office that I shall not submit any recommendation. I find that the current work of the different divisions appears to be well up to date, so far as practicable. The divisions are in charge of intelli- gent and comjietent officials. C. B. Morton. Auditor, Hon. John G. Carlisle, Secretary of the Treasury. 250 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE EEPOET OF THE FIFTH AUDITOR. Treasury Department, Office of the Fifth Auditor, WasMngton, J). C, October 21, 1893. Sir: I have the honor to submit the foUowiiig- report of the tran?;- aclioiis of this office during the past fiscal year, and tlie present condi- tion of the public business intrusted to my charge, as requested by your letter of the 9th ultimo. DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR DIVISION. Diplomatic service. — The accounts of ministers and other officers ot the diplomatic service have been adjusted, showing (Table A of the appenclix) expenditures and passport fees for the year, as follovrs: Paid for salaries of ministers $302, 424. 98 Paid for salaries, secretaries of legations 26, 980. 89 Paid for salary of clerk to legation in Spain 1, 200. 00 Paid for salaries, diplomatic officers while receiving instructions and in transit 52, 574. 4f) I'aid for salaries, charge d'affaires ad interim 26, 418. 9!^ Paul for salaries, interpreters to legations 10, 311. 88 Paid fur loutingeut expenses, foreign missions Ill, 169, 65 Paid for loss liy exchange, diplomatic service 1, 467. 47 Total salaries and expenses 532, 518. 27 Passport fees received and accounted for 1, 014. 27 The few accounts of legations which have not yet been received are pointed out by figures referring to footnotes in Table A of the Appendix. The approijriations made for sahtries, charges d'affaires ad interim^ 620,000, and contingent expenses foreign missions, $00,000, were again found to be insufiicient to cover the expenditures for the year. Gonsxtlar service. — Accounts of consular officers have been adjusted, sliowing expenses for this service and official fees collected as follows (Tables B, C, D, and B of the appendix) : Paid: Salaries, consular service $489, 715. 19 Salaries while receiving instructions and in transit 28, 269. 13 Salaries, consular clerlvS 14, 3G5. 76 Loss on bills of exchange 3, 583. 58 Pay of consular officers for services to American vessels 23. 953. 10 Compensation from fees (sections 1703, 1739, and 1733, Revised Statutes) 231, 802. 10 Ofiice rent and clerk hire (section 1732, Revised Statutes) 4, 025. 20 Contingent expenses, United States consulates 187, 230. 60 Allowance for clerks at consulates 88, 300. 09 Expenses of prisons for American convicts 6, 300. 00 Salaries, interijreters to consulates in China, etc 13, 850. 00 Salaries, marshals for consular courts 7, 888. o9 Expenses of interpreters and guards, etc 5, 040. 93 Boat and crew at Hongkong and Osaka and Iliogo 628. 29 1, 105, 103. 16 Received: Consular fees received for official services 1, 009, C60. 26 Excess of expenditures over receipts 96, 042. 90 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 251 All excess of exi^enditures over receipts is sliown of $90,042.90. This is larger tlian occurred last year. It then amounted to 840,520.70. The amount paid for salaries while receiving instructions and in transit of consular officers to and from their posts exceeds that paid last year by 820,518.12. The amount paid for contingent exijenses, United States consulates, as adjusted, while in excess of the appropriation in the sum of 837,230.00, is less than was reported last year by 830,901.23. Permit me to add under this head that some inconvenience to this office mightbe avoided ifgi'eater promptitude should be observed by a few consular officers in forwardin'g their returns after the close of each quarter. Consular fees. — The consuhir fees collected for official services are stated in detail as to the character and amount at each consulate in Table H of the appendix, and aggregate in kind and amount as follows : Invoice certificates $929, 677. 53 Landius certificates 25,830.22 Bills of healtli 23, 021. 00 Cnrrencv certificates - 10, 302. 00 Other fees --.-- 19,629.51 Total 1,009,060.26 The fees aggregate for the second time a million of dollars and over. In 1890 thtiy exceeded a million. There has been an increase over last year in all classes of fees. The new liealth regulations issued in pursuance of the act of Febru- ary 15, 1893, caused the increase in the fees for bills of health; and a much larger increase may be expected for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1891, when these regulations shall have been in operation during the whole of the year. The fees collected for bills of heiilth and reported above are received entirely from foreign vessels bound for the United States, no fees being collected by law from American vessels; and I Avould state in connec- tion with this subject that information has been received at this office showing that the opinion exists with some consuls that the fees for bills of health to foreign vessels are notarial and are the perquisites of the officer. It appeal's that the same vicAv is also had by some consuls with reference to their services in connection with the cargoes of foreign vessels owned by Americans, such as protests, siu'veys, authentications of copies, signatures, etc. It is impossible of course, under the i:»resent regulations, for this office to ascertain how fiir the i^ractice prevails under the views referred to of withholding these fees from the official reports; but in my opinion it is sufficiently important to be inquired into, and I would therefore recom- mend that consuls be required to forwaixl to this office with their returns quarterly reports of their notarial fees. These reports would furnish the information necessary to insure accuracy and uniformity in this matter of accounts which can not be definitely ascertained under the jjresent system. ******* Belief of seamen. — As shown by Tables F ^nd Gr of the appendix, accounts for relief of seamen, and wages, were adjusted with the fol- lowing results: Board and lodging $8, 196. 38 Clothing 4, 035. 92 Medical aid 4, 034. 08 252 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Other expenses $6, 087. 88 Loss bv exchani^e 131.92 $6,229.70 Passaic to the United States, paid at tlie Treasury 10, 000. 00 Total 32, 496. 83 Anioiuiit of extra wages and arrears collected 193, 852. 27 Amonnt of extra wages and arrears paid to seamen 182, 940. 26 Amount of extra wages and arrears paid for relief 7, 727. 64 Auiouut of extra wages and arrears in hands of consuls 3, 184. 37 Total 193, 852. 27 Total relief afforded 32, 496. 83 Wages and extra wages applied 7, 727. 64 Amount paid by the United States 24, 769. 19 Balance of appropriation unexpended October 20, 1893 25, 230. 81 Total sum appropriated 50, 000. 00 In round numbers, the Government paid for relief and protection of destitute American seamen, for the last live years, the following sums, viz: 1889, $37,200; 1890, $38,300; 1891, $33,900; 1892, $36,500; 1893, $24,709.19. It will thus be seen that the expenditure for the fiscal year just ended is less than the average for that period by more than $10,000 ; and yet the number of seamen relieved is not greatly difterent from the average number for the said period, making a net saving of about $9 on each seaman relieved during the fiscal year 1893, as compared with the other years above set forth. Oilier expenses of the foreign service. — Accounts, other than those hereinbefore reported, and in addition to the amounts which are included ill the table coming immediately after this, of disbursing clerk's accounts, adjusted during the year; relating to appropriations, are as follows : International Union of American Eepublics $5, 702. 1 International boundary survey, United States and Mexico 89, 078. 47 International Bureau of Weights and Measures 3, 300. 88 International Bureau for Publication of Customs Tariiis 2, 637. 52 Continental Railway Commission 45, 036. 50 International Monetary Conference at Brussels 931. 41 Publication of consular and commercial reports, 1893 13, 796. 17 Annual expenses Cape Spartel light, 1893 300. GO Refunding penalties or charges erroneously exacted 44. 00 Fees and costs in extradition cases, 1893 2, 357. 47 Steam launch for legation at Constantinople 1, 081. 54 Buihlings and grounds for legation in China, 1893 1, 374. 37 Transporting remains of dii>lomatic officers, consuls, and consular clerks, 1893 57.25 Rescuing shipwrecked American seamen, 1893 395. 00 Foreign Iiospital at Panasna, 1893 500. 00 Bringing home criminals, 1893 264. 62 Tribunal of Arbitration at Paris 15, 039. 98 Columbian Historical Exposition at Madrid 17, 163. 98 Payment to heirs of Alexander Clark 4, COO. 00 Payment to widow of Bayless W. Hanna 5, 375. 00 Relief of Ceoige W. Jones, late minister to Bogota 480. 76 Binding manuscript papers. Department of State 2, Oil. 48 ******* I have the honor to be, very respectfully, TH03IAS HOLCOMB, Fifth Auditor. Hon. John G. Carlisle, Secretary of the Treasury. ******* REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 253 EEPORT OF THE SIXTH AUDITOR. Treasury Department, Sixth Auditor's Office, WasJiington, D. C, Octoler 20, 1893. Sir: I liave the honor to submit the following report of the business operations of this office during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893. My annual report to the Postmaster-General, exhibiting in detail the financial transactions of the PostOfiice Department, has been comideted and submitted. RECORDING DIVISION. This divisiou audits and adjusts money-order and postal-note accounts, and has charge of the correspondence relating thereto. The weekly statements of postmasters are received from the inspect- ing division, the footings entered in registers, and entries of deposits, drafts, and transfers verified by comparison ^Yith journal records of the original vouchers. Accounts are adjusted quarterly and postmasters instructed to take credit for accrued commissions. Differences between accounts as rendered and as audited are indicated by error circulars, and postmasters directed to correct their accounts accordingly. Credits claimed upon defective vouchers are disallowed and the vouchers returned for perfection. Statements as received are filed by States alphabetically in guard books and monitors. A jacket is kept for each postma.ster, and all correspondence aud si)ecial vouchers iiertaining to his accounts filed therein. Accounts of late postmasters are adjusted by payment, transfer, or collection, as indicated by the balance. Detailed statements of accounts are prepared and submitted for suit when balances due the United States are not paid after demand has been made on late iiostmasters and their sureties. Vouchers are assorted, filed, aud preserved. Quarterly and annual statements of the money-order and postal-note transactions of the United States, both domestic and international, with the revenue derived therefrom, are prepared for the information of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Postmaster-General. The following table sliows the principal transactions of this division for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893 : Transactions. Number. Amount. Increase. Decrease. Number. Amount. Number. A mount. Weekly statements received, registered, Piid tiltd 447, 314 13, 309, 735 7, 753, 210 105, 876 449, 507 242, 170 18, 856 40, 250 20, 483 71, 001 86, 736 Money orders issued (domes- tic) ... . . $127,576,433.65 12, 903, 076. 73 1, 602, 8D1. 40 5, 740, 592. 87 3,447,171.95 330,60(1.06 1, 304, 379. 73 412, 872. 87 1,407,584.93 1, 240, 2i'3 703, 170 9,873 24, 704 9,110 $7, 509, 032. 58 1,007,311.22 128, C3 J. 94 281.277.45 203, 819. 50 Postal notes issued . . Money orders issued (inter- national) : Canada Great Britain and Ire- land German Empire Switzerland 24, 074 $401, 695. 10 Italy 5 1,883 9,194 13,335.40 40, 307. 04 158, 527. 03 France ~ Sweden 254 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Transactions. Money orders issued (inter- nal i()ii:il)—Coiitiuut(I. Norway l?e!jiium Porinjral iS'ci lierlands >.'cw Soiith AVales Victoria >Ta])an IC (' w Zealand Hawaiian Islands Jamaica Cape Colony Windward islands Leeward Islands Tasmania Qnei^usland Denmark Newfoundland Balianias Trinidad and Tobago... Anstvia and Hungary. . . British Guiana Luxeniburj; Money orders paid (domes- tie)^ Postal notes paid Money orders paid (interna- tional) : Canada Great Britain and Ire- land German Empire Switzerland Italy = France Sweden Norway Bclgiiun Portugal Netherlands New South Wales Victoria Japan New Zealand Hawaiian Islands Jamaica CajK; Colony AViudward Islands Leeward Islands Tasmania Queensland Denmark Newfonudland Bahamas Trinidad and Tobago... Austria and Hungary.. liritish Guiana Luxemburg Money orders repaid (do- mestic) Money orders repaid (inter- national) : Canada Great Britain and Ire- land Germany Swilzcriaud Italy France Sweden Norway liclgium Portugal Netherlands New South AVales Victoria Japan N(!W Zealand Hawaiian Islands Jamaica Cape Colony Windward Islands Leeward Islands 'Number. 27,069 7, 7tS 759 4,905 797 COi 2,639 716 436 330 lOG 503 201 44 153 12, 257 2,159 97 80 39, 929 84 63 13, 235, 032 7, 741, 423 144, 193 65, 765 44, 422 3,408 1,944 6,208 3,82a 1,56G 1,681 39 1,827 1,579 1,426 899 Amount. 256 2, 902 2,071 C20 1, 095 992 239 624 2,025 2,855 325 492 5,286 279 13 90, 110 634 964 772 73 118 240 08 24 24 10 20 11 12 7 11 5 9 1 7 $^20, 262. 41 153, 411. 67 17, 234. 28 56, 536. U9 21 , 366. 52 17, 502. 94 87.612.32 16.021.23 10,718.61 5, 0S7. 76 1, 994. 41 9, 555. 96 3, 051. 35 523. 85 4, 120. 75 217,811.00 39, 247. 87 1, 505. 63 1, 404. 03 746, 662. 43 1, 249. 57 2. 203. 28 126, 865. 257. 69 12, 914, 674. 30 1,470, C GO. 28 970, l,58t, 100, 63, 127, 175, 47, 55, 31, 27, 27, 13. 26, 33, 32, 8, 31, 55, 2 7! 60, 96, 4, 8, 210, 2, 1, 799. 88 273. 59 997. 77 0-17. 68 623. 15 256. 22 761. 85 203. 72 497. 74 966. 64 197. 81 121.81 717. 54 497. 88 377. 24 060. 94 422. 23 773. 19 186. 43 093. 27 889. 46 765. 75 8G0. 20 184.41 377. 31 017.07 724. 56 014. 05 832, 124. 01 7, 498. 78 11, 755. 12 10, 229. 73 1,219.C8 3, 133. 76 3, 197. 21 1,618.56 361. 95 457. 38 118.60 266. 10 177. 94 196. 94 116.05 279. 96 105. 65 188. 48 12. 01 39. 52 Increase. Number. Amount. Number. Amount Decrease. 2,658 1.673 166 636 50 49 9 23 82 SS $48, 32. 053. 278. 3, 173 1, 20, 153. 292, 196! 975, 432, 759, 427, 107, 37 I 42 52 I 04 87 42 27 16- 04 1,166 174 20 74 35, 560 84 63 1. 283, 382 72, 933 6,485 1.476 1,468 521 403 29, 2, 1. 664, 1, 538. 536. 17S. 703, 249, 263 7, 547, 157. 08 1, 043, 281. 04 341 137 102 '566' 6 74 90 592 97 378 4, 845 279 13 4,498 43 'io 19 "g 5 3, 794. 02 75, 139. 37 11,317.60 21, 427. 17 14, 197. 20 3, 433. 10 '6,'348.'7i 061.11 188. 28 2, 307. 22 33, 243. 03 8, 144. 94 189, 443. 05 2, 724. 50 1, 014. 05 28, 470. 43 1, 540. 03 51. 30 204. 85 25.15 87. 62 IL 52 641 ■■ $18, 402. 05 266 12 16 ; 1,005.35 22 ! 461. to 11, 526. 46 3,314 111 20 'in 47 "gg "is 602 10i> 145, 004. 08 • 700. 82 4,6.1.00 8, 746. 37 2,387. 11 2, 587. 12 5, 557. 51 3, 485. 70 10, 9U0. 00 05, 458. 90 10, 483. 62 856.42 709. 75 59 133 79 635. 39 734. 39 1, 081. 85 269. 47 522. 28 103. 23 39.80 36. 91 96.40 63.80 133. 03 2.23 108. 82 42.01 REPORT OF THE SECKETAEY OF THE TREASURY. 255 INumher. Aiuount. Increase. I Decrea.se. Transactions. Number. Amount. IXumher.l Amount. 1 . - ■ Money orders repaid (inter- national)— Continued. 3 2 28 4 $12. 24 29. 48 318.53 60.00 3 1 7 1 - $12.24 16. 49 $12. 28 18.00 Trinidad and Tobago .. - Aiistriaand Ilungary.. 1 185 10. OJ 2, 572. 56 1 183 io.oo 2, 605. 50 1 1 30.00 1 1, S29, 046 1, 374, 215 12, 527 7 5^0 30.00 9, 738, 510. 11 8, 719, 845. 94 10,128,490.69 Net increase in transactions Net increase in transactions Certificates of deposit re- ceived, registered, com- pared, and clieclced Transfers, received, regis- tered, cotupared, and cheeked Drafts received, registered, comijared, and clieclicd ... Money orders witlidrawn for examination and re- 905, 534 23, 1G7 45,662 :,i61 ICO GO 5,420 136, 133 2,000 8, 191, 000 4, 284, 000 118,478,463.17 2, 176, 763. 67 12,060,737.67 ■ 82. 622. 29 2 9''8 87, 384. iO 16 Postal notes withdrawn for examination and returned. Detailed statements of ac- counts made for suit cases and to correct errors Letters written and trans- 40 16 3,104 CoTiiniission, error, and other circulars, transraittcd ilouey orders returned for 15, 000 763 ■972, 500 >Ioucy orders assorted lor . Postal notes assorted for 1, 654, 000 1 * e * Kespectfully siibmittGd. Hon, J. G. Carlisle, Secretary of the Treasury. Jno. B. Brawley, Auditor. EEPOET OF THE SUPEEVISHSTG SPECIAL AGEIS^T. Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary^, Washington, D. C, October 25, 1893. Sir: I have tlie honor to invite your attention to the folIoAving sum- mary of the work of the special agents of this Department cluriiig the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893 : Reports aud letters written 7, 084 Suits brought 73 Arrests for .smuggling 78 Arrests for violations of tlie Chinese exclusion acts 61 Customs districts examined 47 Seizures". 318 Value of seizures -^fi?, 106. 63 Reduction in expenses recommended 30, 043. 05 Amountrecoveredon account of seizures, fines, andpenalties, and increased duties on account of undervaluations or false classifications discovered. 353, 748. 13 Salaries and expenses of special agents 91; 661. 04 256 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE The sum of 6353,748.13, above stated, was- collected ou a variety of imported, smuggled, midervalued, or falsely classified merclimulise, as follows: Furs, curios, smoking opium, Japanese screens, costumes, parasols, liouseliold goods, dogs, wooleu goods, silk goods, ribbons, hosiery, kid skins, laces, cow and calf liair, ivory, liat braids, horses, wool, manufactures of atooI and leather, Avhisky, musical instruments, cutlery, Swiss underwear, artificial flowers, desiccated cocoanut, per- fumery, toilet preparations, tennis balls, wool ou the skin, and cloth- ing. One schooner was also seized and forfeited for smuggling. Excellent work was accomplished by the officers assigned to investi- gate frauds at Portland, Oregon, and on Puget Sound, Wash., in the illegal landing of Chinese laborers and the smuggling of opium. This investigatiou resulted in the seizure of a steamship and the indict- ment fbr conspiracy and snuiggling of 16 persons, 8 of whom were officers or cx-ofQcers of the customs, including one collector of customs and a special agent of the Treasury. Although the smuggling of opium and the clandestine introduction of Chinese has long been prevalent iu the region of Puget Sound, this is the first instance known where a steamship company has apparently had for its chief and most profitable business an illegal trade. Usually smuggling by vessels is the work of members of the crew and is not participated in by the OAvners or officers of the vessels, but iu this case the owners and officers seem to have been the principals in the business, as is shown by the reports of the officials who made the investigation. The developments in this case strongly emphasize the need of an improved revenue-cutter service on the Pacific coast, and especially on Puget Sound. The seaports of British Columbia thrive upon profits gained by violations of our laws. Our feeble efforts to enforce these laws are laughed at and our customs officers, unable on account of their inferiority iu numbers and want of suitable vessels, to enforce the law, have too frequently yielded to the corrupt influences of the smugglers and have thus brought shame and contempt upon the public service. The remedy for this disgraceful condition of affairs lies in a vigorous and honest enforcement of the customs la^YS. But there can not be vigorous administration unless suitable vessels are provided to meet on an equality the swift crjift employed by the smugglers. With modern-built, speedy vessels and determined work by the collector and his subordinates the customs serv- ice of the United States on Puget Sound, now held in contempt by the freebooters, would command respect and the law would be vindi- cated. But snuiggling, as a means of putting upon our market the product of the opium factories in British Columbia, will continue so long as a premium is virtually offered by the United States for illegal importations by the imposition of a duty of $12 per pound upon this drug. This is a constant incentive to smuggling, and while thousands of pounds are brought iu annually from British Columbia none of it has ever been entered for duty. One of two courses should be adopted by the Government with respect to prepared opium. Either (1) pro- hibit its importation altogether, and provide that whenever and wher- ever the drug may be fuund within the limits of the United States it shall be seized and destroyed; that the officer making the seizure shall receive an award equal to at least one-fourth of the value of the opium seized, and that persons giving information leading to the seizure of such opium shall be paid a compensation for such information equal to one-fourth of the value of the article seized; or (2) reduce the duty to not more than $4 per pound. This latter course would destroy the profits of the snuigglers and tend to bring the trade into legitimate REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE TREASURY. 257 cliaiinelSj besides affording a large revenue, and would perliax)s be tlie more feasible remedy, inasmuch as a prohibitory lavf would not pre- vent clandestine imi^ortations to supply the large demand for or)ium. The present high rate of |12 per pound discourages legitimate impor- tations and furnishes such large profits to smugglers that the busi- ness is eagerly and almost openly carried on. Customs oificers are corrupted and communities demoralized by this infamous business. The Governmciit can not be held blameless for these shameful facts so long as it holds out an inducement to violate the law by the imposition of so high a rate of duty and fails to furnish efficient means to enforce its collection. Many seizures of clothing smnggled from Canada have been made by special officers detailed to duty upon the frontier. Certain Canadian tailors send agents to the United States to canvass for business in our cities, and agree to deliver custom-made clothing by exju^ess free of duty. The i)ackages containing such clothing are smnggled across the boundary line and shijoped from some convenient express office to desti- nation. Sleeping car porters, conductors, and baggage men have been employed in this work, and it was discovered in a recent investigation that mail bags were used to conceal valuable furs shipped by a large dealer in Quebec, who has for years sold his goods to American tourists, to be delivered through his agents, who smuggle them in the manner described. It is stated that during the past few years hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of furs have been brought into the United States from this man's establishment without payment of duty. Shopkeepers in Canadian towns within easy reach of American sum- mer resorts upon the lakes and the St. Lawrence derive large profits from the patronage of guests stopping at the numerous hotels in that region. Excursion boats make frequent daily trips, touching at all places of importance on both sides of the river, in the vicinity of the Thousand Islands, and there is much petty smuggling by women as well as by men, who go from the summer hotels to Canada for a few hours for the express purpose of shopping. Officers who have visited these Canadian stores report that they are largely supported by this class of trade. The smugglers possess such great natural advantages over the customs officers on the frontier that the latter, however alert and effi- cient, are apt to come off second best in the contest. This illicit trade is not confined to articles of large value and small bulk like opium, but horses, cattle, eggs, and fish by the boat load, are smuggled with little fear of detection. The officers under the direction of the collectors in the several cus- toms districts are usually assigned to regular duties in connection with legitimate importations, and find little time to look after smugglers whose operations are as a rule carried on under cover of night. The number of special officers whose duty it is to prevent and detect frauds is too small to cope successfully with the smugglers. Some of these officers, who have had large experience, make many seizures and arrests, but the goods so seized represent but a small fraction of the merchan- dise successfully smuggled. In view of these facts the suggestion made last year is renewed, that a strong preventive and detective force should be organized for duty on the frontier under direction of the special agents in charge of districts, to cooperate with the local customs offi- cers and to be subject to change from point to point as the exigencies of the service may require. The men appointed to this duty should be possessed of suitable physical and mental qualifications and should not be retained in the service unless their efficiency is proven by substan- Ab. 93 17 258 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE tial results. Sncli a corps of ^YeIl-c^is('ipliIlcd officers could, it is believed, bi-eak up the illei;al trade described. 1 also desire to renew the suggestion in my last report concerning aAvards to customs officers wiio detect and seize smuggled goods. The law providing for sucli awards is intended as a stimulus to activity and vigilance by customs officers; but it also contains a i)rovision that no award shall be nnule to the seizing officer exceeding 50 per cent of the net proceeds after deducting the lawful dutj^ upon the merchandise seized. 0})ium and cigars which are snuiggk-d in large quantities are subject to high duties exceeding the amounts realized from the sale of the goods so that tlic seizing officer, no matter how active and meri- torious, or how important tlie case, or how valuable the goods seized, is preclufled from the benefit of any award. Tlien, too, the words " detect and seize" have been so construed as to deprive an officer of an award in any case where his action has resulted from information famished to V''"i '^y ^ person not an officer altliough tlsat information was only a clue enabling liim to make an investigation Aviiich resulted in the seizure. In other words, it has been decided by the Department that as tlie law also provides for the payment of awards to informers not officers, there can not be an informer and seizoi' in the same case. If the principle underlying the law providing for awards to seizin g.olhcers is a good one, it should be relieved of the features which noAv render it nugatory in certain cases, and officers who make seizures should receive suitable awards Avithout regard to the retention of duties or the fact that they acted upon information furnished them by outside parties. The practice of paying informers and excluding officers from benefits in these cases, leads to corrupt arrangements between the officers and so- called informers wherebv the informer agrees to divide his award with the officer whose testimony is necessary to secure favorable action ct the court on the claim of the informer. Actual proof of a case of this kind has come to light where $5,000 was awarded to informers i)i an opium seizure a.ud was divided with certain officials under a secret agreement previously made. In other cases where informers have been named by officers there is good ground for suspicion of similar arrange- ments. As legislation by the present Congress upon the tariff appears to be quite certain, I beg leave to suggest the elimination from the sched- ules, of provisions wherein the imi^osition or nonimposition of duties depends upon certain conditions, making the same article dutiable under one state of facts and nondutiable under another. Such provisions in the tariff cause much trouble in administration and afford convenient opportunity for fraud. For instance, fish caught in fresh waters with nets or other devices owned by citizens of the United States are free. This provision is applicable to fish caught in the waters of the Great Lakes and rivers within the jurisdiction of the Dominion of Canada. By Canadian law, however, a license is required to fish in such waters, and no license can be granted to a person not a citizen of Canada. This would seem to exclude citizens of the United States and render paragraph 571 nugatory so far as it refers to fresh fish caught in nets owned by American citizens. And yet fish are constantly imi)orted and entered free of duty under said provision. It is clainn^d by the import- ers that they really own the nets that are used in taking the fif^h, and that it is the Canadian law, not ours, that is evaded. Tlnit such a pro- vision intended for the benefit of onr own citizens, but which they can not make available excci>t by an evasion of the laws of a friendly foreign country, is unwise and should be repealed, admits of no questiou. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 259 A great deal of difficulty lias been experienced by customs officers in connection with the entries of fisli under this law, and doubtless much fraud has been practiced in connection with such entries. Fresh fish should, therefore, be made either free or dutiable under all coudi- tioDS. Another instance is found in paragraph 493 of the existing tariif, which provides for the free entry of bags of American manu- lactu're when exported filled with American products. Under this provision large quantities of bags have been admitted to free entry in excess of the product of the American bag factories. It has been ascertained that persons iu Liverpool, and perhaps in other Euro- pean ports, have done a profitable business by gathering up second- hand bags nuule in all parts of the world and shipping them to the United States as bags of American origin. The only proof offered that these bags are of American manufacture is a certificate from the col- lector of customs in San Francisco, or some other port on the Pacific coast, that a certain number of bags manufactured in San Francisco were exported as coverings for grain. But since there are no esi^ecial characteristics of American bags to distinguish them from bags of foreign make, customs officers can not determine by inspection Avhether bags presented for entry are or are not of American manufiicture. In consequence many millions of secondhand bags have been admitted free of duty which were really of foreign origin. This is one of the por- visions of the tariff" law which can not be easily and safety administered, and which affords an opportunity for the unscrupulous to make money at the exx:>ense of the United States and to the injury of honest traders. The remedy in this case would seem to be to make all secondhand bags either free or dutiable. Theatrical costumes, properties, and scenery, which wouldbe otherAvise dutiable, are admitted free as ''tools of trade" of theatrical managers when arriving upon the same vessel with such managers. This is done in accordance with decisions of the courts. Managers who desire to produce a spectacular play in which the gorgeous and expensive cos- tumes of tbe ballet are a special feature may effect a large saving in duties by going to London for such costumes and bringing them iu as tools of trade. When large quantities of valuable merchandise maybe thus imported free of duty under a paragraph intended to apply to the kit of tools brought by a mechanic emigrating to this country it would seem that said paragrax)]i should be revised. In my report of last year I referred to abuses connected with the free entry of wearing apparel and the demoralizing j)ractices inci- dent to the examination of passengers' baggage arriving by ocean steamers, which abuses have long been a subject of public comment. Although the tariff act of 1890 contains a modification of the lU'evious law, intended to limit the free introduction of wearing apparel to such articles as were in actual use and were necessary and appro- priate for the comfort and convenience of the passenger on his journey, this provision has been so construed by competent authority as to recognize the right of home-returning tourists to the free entry of all the foreign clothing they may choose to bring with them. There is prac- tically no limit, so long as the articles thus brought in are thei)ersonal wardrobe of the passenger, are suitable and appropriate for present or future use, and are not intended for sale. Thus some of our citizens escape taxation upon high-class wearing api)arel, properly designated as luxuries, while those who remain at home nuist pay the tariff tax upon their necessary clothing. Prior to the decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Astor I's.'Merritt the customs officers endeavored to 260 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE coufiue tlie free entry to clothing wliicli liad been worn, and largo amounts of duties were collected on new clothing. But since tliat decision, wherein it is held that clothing is in actual use when it is intended Ibr the season immediately approaching, and especially since the board of general appraisers have decided that this decision still I)rescribes the governing rule as to what should be exempted from duty as wearing apparel in actual use, little can be done by customs oflicers to limit the volume of such free importations. As no record is made of the value of clothing admitted free there is no way of estimat- ing the loss of revenue from this cause, but it must be large, and it increases year by year. The merchant tailor who pays high duties upon the cloths and trimmings used by him has good reason to com- plain of the operation of a law which admits the same goods free, when made up into garments by a London tailor and imj)orted in the baggage of a vrealthy An.ierican. So too, oiir dressmakers may well object to the constant free iutroductiwii of foreign silks and dress goods, dutiable at high rates when imported in the piece, but free when made into costumes by the Paris modiste for ladies of wealth, wbo thus save enough in duties on their season's wardrobe to pay the expenses of their summer outing. Certainly a provision in the tariff which, as x)ractically administered, results in discrimination in taxa- tion, needs revision. Ko injustice would be done to Americans return- ing from abroad, if they were required by law to furnish schedules of their iiurchases in foreign countries, and to pay the same duties thereon that are exacted when similar articles are imx^orted as merchandise. Such a law Avould put an end to excessive free importations of wear- ing apparel and remove a just cause of complaint. The extension of the immediate transportation system by the creation of new interior ports at almost every session of Congress is a subject worthy of serious consideration. When an interior city or town is thus made a port, it is usually done at the instance of one or more merchants for their convenience in the entry of imxoorted merchandise and is not of esj^ecial benefit to the people who buy and consume the goods. The customs system differs in this respect from the postal service, which is for the benefit of all the people, and for that reason must be extended to all towns and villages regardless of expense. Economy and good administration would seem to demand that the customs l3usiness be confined to the great distributing centers, where the volume of impor- tions justifies the employment of a corps of experienced officers, com- petent to protect the interests of the revenue in the appraisement of foreign merchandise. The expense of maintaining the smaller custom- houses is unnecessary and may result in actual loss of revenue on account of the inexperience of officials therein employed. An illustration of this danger occurred during the past year in a case where unscrupulous persons imported goods at New York, sent them to a smaller port for appraisement, and returned them to New York for sale, the goods being largely undervalued and passed at the low valuation by reason of the ignorance of the officials who appraised them. The revenue upon imported goods consumed in the country will be collected Avhether the goods enter the country and are examined and appraised at a dozen or a hundred ports. The fewer the custom-houses the smaller will be the aggregate cost of collection. Every custom-house added to those already established involves additional expense, without bringing in a dollar of additional revenue, and may result in actual loss to the Treasury in the way described. Custom-houses must be maintained on the frontier and seaboard, but those at the interior ports, with the exception of cities like Chicago, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 261 St. Louis, aiid Cinciiiuati, and otlier large distributing points are unnecessary from a business point of view, and sliould be abolished. As it is not desirable or practicable to give a custom-house to every town or city, and tlius make the customs system coextensive with the po.stal service, those now established in the interior, where the collections are less than $500,000 should be discontinued. Such action would cause inconvenience to comparatively few persons engaged in imx)orting, while it would result in a large saving in x)ublic expenditures, and thus be a benefit to all the people. Hereto appended is a tabulated statement showing the business trans- acted and the cost of collection in each collection district. An exami- nation of this statement will demonstrate the iiropriety of abolishing a large number of existing j)orts which return no revenue to the Gov- ernment. Yery respectfully, A. K. Tingle, 8uj)ervising Si^ecial Aj/cnt. Hon. John G. Carlisle, Secretary of the Treasury. Letter of Hon. Joseph S. Miller, Commissioner of Internal Revenue, to Hon. John G. Carlisle, Secretary of the Treasury. Treasury Department, Office of Internal Eevenue, Washingtoji, August 16, 1893. Sir: In accordance with your suggestion, I have considered the question of raising additional revenue by increasing the rates of inter- nal taxes on articles and occupations now subject to tax. Attention has esioecially been given to the question of increasing the rates of tax on distilled spirits, fermented liquors, and manufactured tobacco, cigars, and cigarettes, all of which ar(} now taxable and which have during recent years yielded about 99 per cent of the internal revenue. The following table shows the percentage derived from each and all of these three sources during the last two fiscal years : Article. Distilled spirits Tobacco, cijjars, and cigarettes . rermented liquors Total , rerccntaffo. 1892. 59. 317 20. 149 19. 523 99. 019 1893. 58. 831 19. 807 20. 217 98. 855 The figures for x)revious fiscal years since 1883 give the same aggre- gate but the percentages derived from each vary. The average per- centage of collections on spirits for the nine years ended June 30, 1892, was 58.223, and it has uniformly since 1868 been the leading source of internal revenue. During the first seven fiscal years after the tax was raised to 90 cents per gallon the average percentage from this source was 47.722. In 1883 it was 51,232, and since 1883 it has never been less than 55 per cent of the whole amount collected in any one fiscal year. On the day, March 3, 1875, that the tax on distilled spirits was fixed at 90 cents per gallon, the tax on manufactured tobacco, including 262 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Riiuff, was riiised from 20 cents per pound to 21 cents per pound. Tliis r;itc coTitinncd for lifty niontlis, or until May 1, 1S79, when the rate of tax was reduced from 24 cents to 10 cents per pound, the tax at 16 cents continuing for forty-eight mouths, or until May 1, 1883, wlien it was rednced to 8 cents per pound. It remained at 8 cents i)er pound for ninety-two months, or until January 1, 1891, when, under the tariff act of October 1, ^1890, it was reduced to the rate now in force, ■i. roblem is still further complicated by changes in the rates of special taxes on dealers in tobacco and cigars, and the finaj abolition by the tariff act of Ociober 1, 1890, of all special taxes on the manufacture and sale of tobacco. The best opportunity for comparison is found during three certain periods, as follows: 1 . During the years 1876, 1877, andl878, when, with thetax on tobacco and snuff at 21 cents x>er pound, on cigars at $6 per thousand, and on cigarettes at 11.75 per thousand, the percentages of receipts from tobacco were 33.044, 34.544, and 30.080, respectively, the percentages for soirits being for the same years 48.130, 48.295. and 45.382, respectively, 2. During the three fiscal years 1880, 188i, and 1882 the tax on tobacco was 16 cents per pound, that on cigars $6 per tliousand, and that on ciga^rettes $1.75 per thousand. The i^ercentages of receipts were: From tobacco, in 18S0, 31.217; in 1881, 31.526, and in 1882, 32.219, while the percentages from spirits were as folloAvs, viz : 1880, 49.138 per cent; 1881, 49.458 per cent, and 1882, 47.502 per cent. 3. During the years 1884 to 1890, both inclusive, uniform rates pre- vailed as to tobacco, cigars, and cigarettes, as follows : Tobacco, 8 cents per pound; cigajs, $3 i)er thousand, and cigarettes, 50 cents -per thou- sand. During these years the rate of tax on distilled spirits continued at 90 cents per gallon, and the tax on fermented liquors was $1 per barrel.* The percentages of collections during this period from these three principal sources were as follows: Table of Percentages of Internal-Eevexue Keceipts. Tear. Spirits. Tobacco. Fer- mented liquors. 1884 63. 241 no. 052 59. 102 55. 394 55. 745 56. 772 57. 280 21. 431 23. 489 23. 872 25. 335 24. 003 24. 345 23. 815 14. 871 1885 10.210 1880 10. 832 1887. . . 18. 447 1888 18. 70O 1S89 ... 18.124 1890 18. 239 More exactly, 92| cents per barrel, 7J per cent being allowed on sale of beer stamps. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. 263 Upon inspection of the above table the question naturally arises, Why is there not a uniform increase in the collections fronieach source of revenue in accordance with the increase in tlie population of the country? An answer may be found in the spirits column and the vari- ations tliere are largely due to the rerinirement of section 3293, Eevised Statutes as amended, to the eiTect that the spirits which must be de- ])osited in a distillery warehouse must be withdrawn tax paid within tliree years from the date of the warehousing bond. In tiie years 1884 and 1885 taxes thus became due on an unusual quantity of distilled spirits, and these spirits were withdrawn in corise- ([uence of the three year limitation and without regard to the demand for consumption. ISfany thousands of barrels were, in order to com- ply witli the conditions of the bonds, also withdrawn for export and were exported and in subsequent years returned to the United States to compete for a market with the spirits withdrawn from distillery warehouses during those years. Thus overproduction in years of plenty has oi)erated to depress the receipts from spirits in subsequent years in a twofold manner. The same distTirbing elements now prevail. Daring the years 1890, 1891, 1892, and 1893 there has been a steady increase in the withdrawals of tax-x)aid spirits, largely due to heavy production during the years 1887, 1888, 1880, and 1890, respectively. When, as may happen any year, the tax-paid withdrawals fall off, the casual observer may attribute the decrease to fraud when it may be due to the light product of the third year preceding. Great caution should be used in comparing statistics from census reports with those from other sources, and equal caution should be used in accepting conclusions based on such comparisons. Caution should also be used in acceijtiug statements in regard to the rate of tax on distilled spirits. The tax on distilled spirits fixed by the act of July 20, 1888, was about 70 cents per gallon, not 50 cents, as nmy appear to one who has not closely examined the law. When by the act of June C, 1872, (17 Stat., p. 238), the tax to be paid upon the withdrawal of spirits from tiie distillery warehouse was (ixed at 70 cents per gallon, the distiller was relieved from the payment -of the tax of 10 cents -per gallon which had theretofore been assessed, and he was also relieved from paying the storekeeper and the ganger the amount i)aid to these ofiicers, this amount at that time being a sum nearly equal to a tax of 10 cents per gallon. It is not true therefore that the tax on distilled spirits was actually increased by the act of June G, 1872. Nor is it true that the frauds discovered in 1875 were occasioned by the act of March 3, 1875 (18 Stat., p. 339), increasing the tax to 90 cents per gallon. Although extensive frauds were unearthed just after the passage of that act, it is a fact that through a conspiracy with United States ofiicers these frauds had been in progress for a consid- erable time before its passage. The present method of collecting the tax on distilled spirits has been in existence twenty- five years, and it is by far much superior to the sys- tems devised to collect the tax on tobacco or on fermented (nnilt) liquors. It is not necessary to infer that, because during the experi- mental years prior to 1868 the two-dollar spirit tax was only partially collected, a two-dollar tax can not be collected now, when a very differ - ent state of affairs exists. It does not appear to be logical to conclude that the two-dollar rate, or any rate higher than 90 cents per gallon, is a higher rate than can 264 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE be collected from spirits when it is true tliat during tlie first year, 1863, this office failed to collect the tax at 20 cents per gallon. My conclnsion in tliis matter is that a moderate increase in the rate of tax on all articles (except oleomargarine) now taxed under internal- revenue laws, would result in a corresponding increase of the revenue. Respectfully, yours, Jos. S. Miller, Commissioner, Hon. J. G. Carlisle, Secretary of the Treasury. REPORT OF THE SECEETARY OF WAR. War Department, Washington, Novemler 27, 1893. To the President : I liave tlie honor to submit the amiual rei^ort of the "War Department for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893 : expenditures — APPROPRIATIONS AND ESTI3IATES. The expenditures for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, were as follows : Salaries and contingent expenses $1, 992, 581. 95 Military establisliment : Support of the Army and Military Academy. 23, 377, 828. 35 Public Avorlis, including river and harbor improvements 20, 518, 631. 41 MiKcellaneous objects 6, 077, 033. 18 Total 51,966,074.89 The appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, were as follows : Salaries and contingent exijenses $2, 045, 196. 00 Military establishment : Support of the Army and Military Academy. 24, 563, 980. 21 Public works, including river and harbor improvements 17, 201, 165. 69 Miscellaneous objects 4^> 213, 183.89 Total 48,023,525.79 The estimates for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, are as follows: Salaries and contingent expenses $1, 697, 016. 00 Military establishment: Support of the Army and Military Academy. 25, 709, 895. 40 Public works, including river and harbor im])rovemeuts 21, 463, 307. 65 Miscellaneous objects 3, 976, 280. 70 Total 52,846,499.75 205 26G REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. EXPENDITURES FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1893. Salaries, contingent expenses, postage, etc $1, 992, 581. 95 Support of tlie Army ami military estaLlislunent: Pay, etc., of the Army $12, 458, 220. 87 Subsistence of the Army 1, 608, 306. 37 Appropriations Quartermaster's Dej)artment for support of tlie Army 7, 755, 268. 48 Ordnance, ordnance stores i.ud supplies, and manufacture of arms 837, 339. 58 jMilitary Academy 263, 409. 31 Hospitals and Hospital Department 253, 782. 84 Ex])enses of recruiting 120, 515. 87 Signal Service, contingencies, and shooting gal- leries 80,985.05 23,377,828.35 PuLlio works, including rivers and harbors: Arsenals, gun factory, ijroving ground, etc 957, 080. 32 Buildings and grounds at Military Academy and Washington 274,892.48 Fortifications and other worhs of defense 3, 206, 141. 20 Military posts, etc 787,183.98 Rivers and harbors 15, 293, 333. 43 20,518,631.41 Miscellaneous objects: National cemeteries, roads, etc 200,791.71 Relief acts, artificial limbs, trusses, etc 331, 465. 63 Arming and equipping the militia 449, 680.86 Publication of oflicial records vrar of the rebellion. 230, 900. 39 Support of national and State homes and military prison 3, 628, 042. 36 Claims of States, volunteers, bounty, etc 1, 042, 651. 05 National Encampment, Grand Army of the Repub- lic 87,862.31 Other miscellaneous items 105, 638. 87 6,077,0.33.18 Grand total 51,966,074.89 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 267 OPEEATIONS OF THE ARMY. Tiie Major-General CommancliDg' the Army aud tbo officers in com- luaiul of the several geograx)hical departments report a state of i^eace tlirougliout tlie year unbroken by Indian bostilities or domestic vio- lence. The only active duty the Army has been called npon to per- form against armed enemies of good order has been the sui^pression and ininishment of violations of the neutrality laws of this country and Mexico. That duty has been discharged promi)tly, vigorously, effectively, and to the credit of the troops in the Department of Texas. Of the one hundred and twenty-five bandits engaged in the attack on Mexican troops at San Ygnacio, on the 10th of December, 1892, eighty-six were captured by our troops, and of these, seventy-one were subsequently sentenced by the United States Court. The civil and military authorities of Mexico, through the customary channels, have expressed their appreciation of the services performed by the United States in suppressing the raids of outlaws that menaced the tranquillity of both sides of the border. The general commanding the Department of Texas makes special mention of the officers and men of the Third Cavalry for arduous duty i^erformed in the capture of the offenders. From the facts and conclusions recorded in the reports of this de- partment for recent years, from the ascertained results of benefieia, legislation by Congress, and from the masterful forces of civilization at work it may be assumed that Indian warfare is virtually at an end in the United States, and that beyond occasional calls for police duty in the neighborhood of Indian reservations the Army will henceforth be relieved to a greater degree each year of the labor of armed sur- veillance over the tribes of the West. The demands for the employ- ment of the Army to x)reserve order within the States as certainly must become infrequent as State authority, on which that obligation jirop- erly rests, demonstrates its complete ability to discharge it. The changes and recognized tendencies toward change in the serv- ices which the Ai^my is maintained to perform, aud must hereafter perform, will evidently involve in time considerable changes in the dis- tribution of the troops and the relative proportions of the branches of the service. The effort to maintain a maximum uumorical military strength in which foreign powers are engaged is only of remote interest to us. Any considerable increase in the numbers of our Army would not meet with i)opular favor, and is not suggested by any contingency, 268 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. immediate or remote. What is desired is a maximum efficiency of tlie orgauizatioD, sufficient elasticity to respond readily to any probable tension, the acquisition of the mechanism of warfare in adequate quantity and of the best quality, and such a disscmina,tion of military instruction as will enable the Federal Government, in the event of war, to summon for the purposes of immediate defense a body of its citizens, not unfamiliar with the rudiments of military discipline and service, sufficient until the great armies which exist in embryo iii our free citizenship cau be enrolled, organized, and put in the field. The present organization of twenty- five regiments of infantry, ten of cavalry, and five of artillery, was established to meet conditions which have almost ceased to exist. At thirteen of our large seaports work has already begun, or is projected for the near future, which in extent and nature within a few years will call for the establishment of organ- ized i)osts of artillery. The conversion of a number of organizations of infantry to the artillery arna is amanifestnecessity of the period directly ahead of us, and while present needs do not call for specific recommen- dations on this point, the certain needs of the future should not be ignored in current legislation and policy. The abandonment of smaller posts and the concentration of the Army at important centers has been in progress for some years and must continue, with the seaboard and the frontiers as the lines along which in time the bulk of the Army must be massed. This patent fact has its bearing on all questions of the establishment and expansion ot military posts, the construction of buildings, and the accumulation of supplies. It opens up new fields of instruction and service for the militia of the States on or near the lines of national defense, and enlmnces the importance and dignity and increases the responsibilities of the militia removed from those lines. These considerations and others point to the need of progressive military instruction, not only in the Army but among the people, and in general directions mark the scope of future operations of the War Department and the Army. STRENGTH OF THE ARMY. The total apparent strength of the Army on September 30, 1893, was 27,922 officers and enlisted men. Of the officers nine are general officers, sixteen are assigned to duty in the Adjutant-General's Depart- ment, seven in the Inspector-General's Department, eight in the Judge- Advocate-General's Dejiartment, fifty-nine in the Quartermaster's De- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 269 partment, tliirty-one in tlie Pay Departineut, one as Chief of tlie Eecord and Pension Office, and thirty as post chaplains. The remaining officers and enlisted men are assigned to branches of the service as follows : Medical Department Corps of Engineers Ordnance Department Signal Corps Cavalry Art illery Infantry Miscellaneous, recruits at depots, Indian scouts, etc Total Officers. 187 121 58 10 432 285 864 Enlisted men. 787 435 525 50 5,902 3,469 11,676 2,874 Total. 2,144 25, 778 974 55G 583 60 6,394 3,754 12,540 2,874 27, 922 With so small a force, permanency in the personnel is evidently desirable, especially as in time of war the Army must be relied on to furnish instructors, drillmasters and noncommissioned officers for the large body of volunteers that would be required for national de- fense. This permanency is already secured in the personnel of the officers, as during the fiscal year the Army lost but 77 — by retirement 45, by death 18, by resignation 13, and by dismissal 1. Fifty gradu- ates of the Military Academy were commissioned as second lieutenants; 12 second lieutenants were appointed from the enlisted men and twelve assistant surgeons, 3 chaplains, and 1 paymaster were appointed ft"om civil life. But the change in the personnel of the enlisted men was very great. The Army lost 9,456 enlisted men during the year — 2,338 by expiration of term, 1,075 by purchase, 4,189 by discharge for various causes, 1,082 by desertion, and 172 by death. The recruits for the year numbered 9,074. These figures give added force to the recommendation of the Major-General Commanding the Army, elsewhere referred to, that the laws regulating enlistment be modified by the reduction of the period of first enlistment from five to three years, and by the rei^eal of the act limiting to ten years the maximum period of service of enlisted men. While some of those discharged from the Army reenlisted, obviously the Army lost a large percentage of its experienced enlisted men during the year and was compelled to fill their places with raw recruits. The changes in the laws referred to would unquestionably reduce that per- centage. Estimating by the number of men drawing reenlisted i)ay, the ten-year law aflects directly about 0,000 men who have already had 1^ 270 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. five years' experience or more iu tlie service, aud are presumably our best trained troojis. The general appearance of tlie Army at inspection and review, and tlie condition of unif(n-ms, arms, accouterments and equipments is reported very satisfactory, and the efficiency of the noncommissioned officers is commended. DISTRIBUTION OF THE ARMY. Tlie distribution of the Army by geographical departments on Sep- tember 80, 1893, was as follows : Departments. California Colorailo Columbia Dakota East Missouri Platte Texas Total Officers. 127 285 129 280 400 305 213 162 1,901 Enlisted men. 1,339 3,488 1,3GG 3,534 4, 812 3,412 2, 813 1,871 Total. 1,4G6 3,773 1,405 3,814 5,212 3, 717 3, 020 2,033 22,635 i 24,536 With a steadily decreasing need for the employment of troops against the Indians, and with the development of our coast defenses, a concen- tration of the army on the seaboard and the frontiers, as alreadj'- observed, is manifestly inevitable in the not remote future. The demands for the detail of officers on detached service increase yearly, and will necessarily continue to increase as the instruction of the Army reaches a higher plane and the Army assumes more extended duties in the general military education of the people. Last year 53 officers were assigned to West Point, 21 as inspectors of the national guard of the States, and 75 as instructors at military colleges and academies. For the recruiting service 106 were required, 75 were assigned as students in the service schools, and 43 served on the staffs of general officers. Twenty-four were detailed to duty at the World's Columbian Exposition, 6 to the arsenals, 5 to the Light- House Board, to the military prison, and 12 Avere on special detail at the seat of Gov- ernment. Seventeen acted as Indian agents, 7 were detailed for study abroad, and miscellaneous special duties were assigned to 20, making in all 470 thus detaclied from their commands for longer or shorter periods during the year ending June 30, 1893. Both the heads of the several bureaus of the Department and the REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 271 gerferals cominauding geograpliical departments make meution of an insufficient number of officers, and while tlie Columbian Exposition tliis year made demands on tlie service which will not be repeated, the time is not distant, if plans for the development of the educational purposes of the Army be carried out, when the number of students at the Mili- tary Academy should be increased. The Quartermaster-General reports that transportation for 367,577 persons, 0,948 animals, and 99,092 tons of material was furnished at a cost of $2,280,915.76. At the end of the year there were on hand 6,047 cavalry and artillery horses, 293 team horses, and 3,981 mules. The mount of the Army is reported superior. Of $515,820.96 available for the construction of buildings at, and the enlargement of military posts designated by the Secretary of War, a balance of $120,397.30 was on hand June 30, 1893. Work progresses satisfactorily on the new military post, Fort Ethan Allen, Vermont, and on the enlargement of the Plattsburg barracks. Contracts for the Omaha depot have been let. Surveys have been made for the i)roi)osed military posts near Little Eock, Ark., and near Helena, Mont. In all posts which give promise of permanency it has been the aim of the Department to construct buildings of brick, stone, or other en- during material, and of solid workmanship, A^ith regard to convenience and improved sanitary requirements. In these respects' and archi- tecturally our military structures compare favorably with similar mili- tary structures abroad. The health of the Army during the past year has been excellent. The rate of admission to sick report per thousand of strength was 1,27(>.42 as compared with 1,304.78 during the previous year and 1,459.65 during the preceding decade. The lowest recorded admis- sion rate, 1,247 in 1887, is practically the same as that now reported. Excluding the recruiting depots, arsenals, and smaller posts, Fort Barrancas may be regarded as presenting the worst record. In June last, upon recommendation of the Surgeon-General, authority'- was given to establish in this city an Army medical school for the pur- pose of giving special instruction to a,pproved candidates for admission to the Medical Corps of the Army in their duties as medical officers. The course of instruction will be for four months annually, commenc- ing on the first day of November. It is believed that by thus supple- menting, under the tutelage of experienced army surgeons, the college 272 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. courses of tlie young men accei^ted for appointment mucli benefit will 1)6 derived. Care lias been observed so to organize tlie scliool as to add but a nominal sum to the expenses of the department. The Acting Judge-Advocate-General reports 2,198 trials by general court-martial for the year ending August 31, 1893, or 28 less than the preceding year, and 14,988 trials by inferior courts, compared with 16,070 for the previous eleven months. The trials for desertion reach 521, or 46 more than the previous year, attributable in part to the more certain aijprehension of deserters since the reward of capture was in- creased. As the total number of desertions was nearly 1,700 the per- centage of apprehension continues small, and the i)roblem of preventing desertion is still unsolved. The number of men tried by inferior courts was 9,062, many of them for minor offenses, and to reduce the number of these trials, where the penalty is slight, it may prove advisable to permit company, troop, and battery commanders, under direction of superior officers, to allow offenders to elect between trial or extra hours of fatigue duty as pun- ishment without trial. Obviously the frequency of trials tends to deprive them of their admonitory effect. It appears that over one-third of the enlisted men of the Army were tried by summary or other courts dming the year, a percentage discouraging to recruits and conveying an erroneous impression of the state of discipline in the Army. PERIOD OF ENLISTMENT. Under existing law the minimum period of enlistment in the Army is five years and the maximum of service for the enlisted man is ten years. Both limits appear to have been fixed under misapprehension of the conditions of military service in this country. The well-nigh unan- imous testimony of the officers of the Army reinforces the conclusion, drawn from a study of the ultimate purposes of our military organiza- tion, that the statutes imposing these limits impair the present efficiency of the Army, impede its progress toward definite though re- mote aims, and should be modified by Congress. Obviously an army of 25,000 men, in the event of war, would be barely adequate to furnish the number of noncommissioned officers and well-trained soldiers re- quired to command and instruct the large volunteer forces needed to defend our two long and densely populated seaboards and two long and exposed frontiers. "While war with a foreign power is a remote con- tingency, to provide against the possibility of it is the main warrant for our large expenditures for the miUtary establishment. REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 273 The function of tlie Army is to furnisb in time of need a nucleus of experienced soldiers. Men capable of becoming sucli, and willing to make their careers in life military, are clearly tlie most desirable ele- ment in the Army. Its numerically insignificant proportion to the entire population capable of bearing arms forbids its use as a tempo- rary school of military instruction in time of peace. The Army may be effective in aiding in the systematic instruction of bodies of troops, organized under State authority, especially in the use of heavy ordnance. It may be effective, through its officers, in the systematic instruction of young men in colleges and schools. Excellent work has already been accomplished in these directions. But the instruction of a few hundreds or thousands of individual citizens for ten years, at the end of that period to be turned adrift into civil life, puts military service in the undesirable category of uncertain occui^a- tions, with no resultant benefit to the country, the Army, or the citizen. On this subject the Major-General Commanding the Army i)resent3 these weighty considerations: " The benefit to the country from the military training of the small number of men who are discharged after ten years of service is quite insignificant. They do not ainount to as many as one in four thousand of the arms-bearing population of the United States. In a country whose policy is based upon universal obligation to military service and the development of the ultimate military strength of the nation, and where a large standing army is maintained, partly as a school in which all young men capable of bearing arms maybe trained, a short term of active service, generally of three years, enables the Government to give that training to every young man capable of bearing arms. In our country the Army is fiir too small to serve as a valuable training school of this character. The organized militia of the several States serve such a purpose to a much better advantage, without drawing young men away from their civil avocations. ''It therefore seems advisable that the term of enlistment in the regular service in this country be reduced from five to three years, and that the legal restriction upon rcenlistments be removed, so that the War Department may be at liberty to continue in service those enlisted men whose services are found to be valuable. " For some years past my predecessors and the Generals Commanding the Army have recommended legislation to secure three-battalion organization for infantry regiments. The argument for the change Ab. 93 18 274 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. remains as strong as ever. Eleven years ago General Sherman, before retiring from command of tlie Army, pointed out the great advantage of this organization in enabling us to put a large and effective force in the field upon short notice, by merely enlisting a sufficient number of additional private soldiers, the officers and organization being always ready to receive them. I renew the recommendation. The widest diversity of opinion exists concerning the usefulness of separate organizations of Indian troops. Between March 9, 1891, and June 30, 1893, the whole number of Indians enlisted in the line was 963, and the actual number in the ranks at the latter date was 771. Without reviewing here the arguments and facts adduced against and in favor of the enlistment of Indian companies, the former are strong enough to render inadvisable an increase of the present force; the latter are strong enough to justify the prosecution of the experiment until further trial has indicated wheth«er the Army can wisely be recruited from the Indians, and if so, to what extent. The advisability of employing individual Indians as scouts has never been called into question, THE NEW MAGAZINE RIFLE. The adoption of a magazine rifle of reduced caliber is unquestion- ably the most important step taken for the infantry arm of the service since the close of the civil war. It brings our Army abreast of the most advanced armies of Europe in the matter of infantry weapons. The rifle finally selected, the Krag-Jorgensen modified, was not chosen until the most exhaustive examination had been made and oj)portunity afforded for reconsideration. The board designated to select the arm spent eighteen months in examining the fifty specimens of magazine rifles presented by American and foreign inventors. Pursuant to act of Congress of February 27, 1893, a board of officers assembled in March to review the conclusion already reached, if an equal or superior weapon of American invention should be submitted to its examination. Fourteen arms of American invention were then inspected, but none meeting the requirements, the appropriation for the new arm became available under the terms of the law. Work was begun to adapt the National Armory at Springfield to the manufacture of the new weapon in September, 1892, and at the close of the last fiscal year the manufacture of the old .45 caliber rifle was discontinued. The change in arm has involved many changes and readjustments in the machinery of manufacture, but these have beeu REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 275 made and a limited number of the new magazine rifles will be com- pleted and ready for delivery witliin the next sixty days, wliile tlie full supply for the equipment of the entire infantry force will be delivered before the close of the coming year. The caliber of the new arm is the same as the Eussian, and slightly smaller than, the German, French, English, and Austrian. The Majoi^General Commanding the Army recommends that a reserve supply of the new arm be ijrovided suffi- cient for the regular troops, the organized militia, and such volunteers as may be immediately called into service in the event of war. SIEGE AND FIELD GUNS. Ten 5-inch rifled cannon were completed during the year at the Army Gun Factory at Watervliet, and ten more are in process of manufac- ture. Carriages for these guns will be finished during the coming year at the Eock Island Arsenal. Ten 7-inch howitzers have been comx>leted at the gun factory, and ten more are in process of manufacture. The experimental carriage for these is being made and will soon be tested. A sufficient number of carriages to mount these howitzers will be made if the test is satis- fskctory. One 7-inch steel mortar will be completed in March, the design for the carriage of which is not yet finished. Twenty -foiu' 3.6 inch steel field guns will be completed by March, and sixteen 3.6-inch steel field mortars have been completed, with carriages and platforms, and will soon be issued to the artillery. Fifteen 3.2-inch steel field guns will be completed this year, giving the Department in all 165 guns of that caliber. These serviceable guns are issued to the Army, to the service schools, and to an extent to the militia. The issue of a limited number to colleges and schools which manifest an especial interest in military instruction and show a large enrollment for the purpose may hereafter be deemed advisable. It is earnestly recommended that the manufacture of these guns be continued. Four 3-inch mountain guns, purchased of private manufacturers will soon be placed in service. SEACOAST DEFENSE. At the outbreak of the civil war the fortifications and seacoast defenses of the United States in extent and armament fully met the 276 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. requirements of the period and inspired our people with a sense of security as well as elicited the approbation of competent foreign en- gineers and artillerists. But while that struggle gave a tremendous impetus to the military art and worked the greatest changes of the century in the methods and mechanism of warfare on sea and on land, we ourselves, who furnished the examples, have been the last to profit by our own experience. The exhaustion following a long conflict and the desire of our people to be at peace are adequate reasons for our slow progress in the art of war for the twenty years following the restora- tion of the Union. But Avithin the last decade public attention in this country has addressed itselfvigorously toward our insufficiency to meet a foe on land or sea, armed with the apxiliances and inventions of recent years, and Congress has promptly and generously met the popular demand for a military and naval armament, which shall not be a menace to other powers, but shall be recognized by them as sufficient to effect our own security and inspire resj)ect for our position among the nations. The project of national defense, ujion which this Department is now engaged, takes its origin in the act of March 3, 1885. Under that act a comprehensive scheme of seacoast defense was devised by a board on fortifications, of which my distinguished predecessor, the Hon. William 0. Endicott, was president. That scheme contemplated a system of fortifications at twenty-seven of the principal ports of the country (to which Puget Sound was subsequently added), requiring in all 677 guns and 824 mortars of various calibers, constructed in accord with the im- provements of the age in material and mechanism, and mounted in for- tifications of the most approved construction. It was estimated that thirteen years Avould be required for the execution of this project from the date of the first expenditure in pursuance of it. One-half of that period has not yet elapsed, but the progress thus far made is sufficient to warrant the belief that, with adequate appropriations, the essential features of the plan can be carried out within the specified time, and that by the end of the century the defenses of the United States will forbid an attack upon any of our principal ports by the most formida- ble fleet afloat. Since tlie last Annual Eeport of the Secretary of War the first detail of the comprehensive scheme of defense has been practically completed. The mounting and successful operation at Sandy Hook, at the entrance to New York harbor, of the first 12-inGh breech-loading steel rifle, the 1,000-ponnd shot of which can penetrate 23 inches of steel armor at REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 277 1,000 yards, and 13.35 inches at 12.4 miles, with a lift removing it from the range of hostile fire, behind a wall 70 feet in thickness, of concrete and sand, is the proof of our capacity for complete self-defense. The direct cost of this finished type battery has been as follows : For the 12-inch gun, $47,227 ; for the carriage, $19,899 ; for the lifting mechanism, $174,000; and for masonry and sand covering of the emplacement and battery, $283,000; in all, $524,126, or with the second gun in position, $591,252. This type gun is the visible evidence of remarkable progress during the last eight years. It signifies that within that interval our steel manufacturers have established plants which can produce the heavy forgings required for these high-power cannon. Between the date of contract and the first delivery of forgings for the 12-inch gun, eighteen months elapsed. It signifies the establishment of a Government plant able to assemble and finish these guns in a fashion elsewhere unsur- passed. The erection of such a plant, and the invention and manufacture of suitable machinery for it, have taken several years. It means the invention and manufacture of a gun carriage capable of bearing the weight of over 50 tons and resisting the recoil of this great mass of steel, the invention and construction of mechanism to lift the gun body and carriage above the line of defense until the fire of the gun has been delivered, and then to retire it from the fire of an enemy, and the prepa- ration of extensive emi^lacement of concrete and embankment. Time was a large factor in all these i^rocesses, which have taxed the inventive and mechanical ingenuity of the Corps of Engineers and Ordnance Department and of private manufacturers; and in producing types to determine subsequent construction expense was heavy from the experimental nature of much of the work. The mounting of the first gun is the promise of reduction hereafter of these two factors in the ijrogramme of seacoast defense. PLANS FOR THE YEAR. The Ordnance Department has under construction sixteen barbette carriages for guns of different calibers, and at the end of the current calendar year this department will have in readiness to be mounted on these carriages and on lifts for the 12-incli guns, and on disappear- ing carriages for the two smaller calibers, nine 12-inch guns, twenty 10 -inch guns, and thirty-four 8-inch guns, besides seventy-five 12-inch mortars. The Corxjs of Engineers is now engaged in preparing emplace- 278 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. ments for the following guns at the following points, and in construct- ing casemates whence to operate submarine mines and torpedoes: Guns. Mortaxs— 12-inch. Case- 12-inch. 10-incli. 8-inch. mates. Portland Me ; 2 4 3 2 3 6 4 16 32 4 New York N Y 2 5 5 Wasbin"tou D C 2 Haiimtoii Konds. Va 2 San Friiu CISCO Cal . 2 16 7 Total 4 20 5 64 24 The Chief of Engineers reports in detail concerning this work, some of which is already finished, some approaching completion, and part merely planned or just begun. The scheme of defense for the six ports named, upon which progress is reported, contemi)lates for the present the following armament : Portland, Me Boston, ilass New Tork, N. Y . . . . Washington, D. . . Hamilton Eoads, Va San Francisco, Cal. . Total Guns. Mortars - 12-inch. 12-inch. 10-inch. S-inch. . 18 10 10 48 12 15 5 128 21 15 9 .176 4 6 3 8 5 10 32 33 28 19 144 93 84 46 436 Case- mates. 24 The projects for the defense of Philadelphia, Pa., and Baltimore, Md., are not yet ready, but one casemate at each point has been finished for submarine torpedo defense. The project for New Orleans, La., is under consideration. The plans for the year include the defenses of Narra- gausett Bay, E. 1. 5 Charleston, S. C. ; Tybee Eoads and the mouth of the Savannah Eiver, Ga,; and Pcnsacola, Pla. Work will thus be in some stage of progress at thirteen of the twenty-eight points recommended for defense by the Board on Fortifications in 1885. The plans for Karra- gansett Bay, Charleston, Tybee Eoads, and Peusftcola contemplate for the present year emplacements for three 12-iuch guns, seven lO-iuch, three 8-inch, and four batteries of sixteen 12-inch mortars. SITES AND EMPLACEMENTS. With the choice of a model of a disappearing gun carriage for the 10- inch and 8-inch guns from among types submitted, which will prob- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 279 ably be made within a few montlis, the work of making and mounting guns for sea-coast defense willoutstrij) the preparation of empLicements for them at the present rates of progress. It is desirable that the two shonld go hand in hand. The number of guns ready to be mounted at the end of the calendar year has been given. By the 1st of next July the Army Gun Factory will have produced twelve 12-inch gnns, twenty- seven 10 inch, and thirty 8-inch guns, to which may be ^dded one 10- inch gun and two 8-inch guns, the first of the contract for one hundred guns with the Bethlehem Iron Works, ail of which by contract are to be deliv^ered before or during the year 1903, and eleven 8-inch guns, concluding the contract with the West Point Foundry. The annual cai)acity of the Watervliet Gun Factory will be fifteen 12-inch guns, fifteen 10-inch, and twelve 8-inch, to which in time will be added three 16-inch guns, should Congress see fit to order the manu- facture of that caliber. Provision has been made for forgiugs for sixty-seven 12-inch guns, one hundred and six 10-inch, and seventy- nine 8-inch guns, including those already made, and those in process of manufacture, or provided for by ai)propriation or contract. To render these guns available, fortifications and emplacements for them must be prex)ared, and, preliminary thereto, suitable sites must be secured in addition to those now owned by the Government. The Chiel of Engineers estimates that nearly 1,700 acres should be acquired at different localities on the coast, and as much of this land, situate near the growing centers of iiopulatiou, continues to increase in value, it is to the obvious interest of the Government to aoquire it at an early date. It must be borne in mind that on the one hand the range of artillery has increased wonderfully, and on the other x)opulation has extended from the cities since most of the present Government reservations were acquired, and to meet both conditions in many cases new sites are needed. The wisdom of this policy is forced home by the fact that the Government in January paid nearly 8000,000 for eighty-two acres, near Fort Wadsworth, N.Y., required for the defense of New York Harbor. The estimate of $500,000 for the acquisition of sites this year is thus apparently not excessive. EXPENDITURES. For fortifications and works of defense during the year $1,586,234: was expended for armament, forgings, gun manufacture, carriages, powder, and projectiles j $730,000 for gun and mortar batteries; 280 REPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. $633,739 for sites for seacoast defeuses; $105,619 for torpedoes. Of $552,079 appropriated for the Board of Ordnance and Fortification, wliose duty is cliiefly to consider and recommend for trial exi)erimcutal devices, there remained on October 31, 1893, a bahmce of only $89,771 for general purposes, and it is desirable that this be increased. Atten- tion is invited to the estimates of the Chief of Ordnance for armament of fortifications. It is believed that the jjolicy, in the execution of which these appropriations are required, is established in iniblic favor and by recognized public necessity. TESTS AND EXPERIMENTS. The tests of the 12-inch, 10-inch, and 8-inch guns have been some- what delayed through the failure of our manufacturers to produce suitable powders and through difficulties arising out of the slow prog- ress made toward the establishment of type carriages for the 10-inch and 8-inch guns, but the guns have answered admirably all the tests to which they have been subjected. During the year experiments have been conducted with several higli- power guns different from the established service models, and will be continued as others are submitted for test. Present contracts call for the delivery of one 8-inch and two 15-inch pneumatic dynamite guns, complete with carriage and projectiles, for trial at Sandy Hook by June 27, 1894, and three 15-inch guns of the same type at Fort Winfield Scott, Cal., by July 17, 1894. Though this type of gun has met tests abroad, in this country it is still to be classed as experimental. Tests of various quick-fire guns, submitted by private manufacturers, foreign and domestic, will be continued during the year. MORTARS. In our general scheme of coast defense the 12-inch mortar holds an important position. That scheme contemplates the use of 824 mortars, and provision has thus far been made for 80. Two types are employed, cast-iron and steel-hooiied, and all-steel. Under private contract tlie Providence foundry has delivered 30 cast-iron steel-hooped, and the South Boston foundry has delivered 23, and will complete its contract for the remaining 20 by the end of the calendar year at the works of the Builders' Iron Foundry, at Providence. The type all-steel mortar Las been j)artially tested, and 7 will be finished at the Army Gun Fac- EEPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 281 tory during the coming year. The increased strains from these mortars have required modification of the carriage, but the type of carriage for service is already established. Twenty-two of these are now completed and 57 more under construction. Congress is urged to provide for this most useful, economical, and important arm of coast defense, work u^ion which must stop during the j'car, uidess an approi)riation is made. GUN CARRIAGES AND LIFTS. The invention and manufacture of disappearing gun carriages has lagged far behind the manufacture of the guns themselves. The adop- tion of the hydraulic lift and suitable carriage therefor meets the needs of the guns of 12-incli caliber. Two of these gnu-lift carriages are being made at the Watertown Arsenal. But the type disappearing carriages for the 10-incli and 8-inch guns have not yet been established. To encourage speed to this end the Department has employed the system of bonuses, whicli has produced such satisfactory results in the Navy Department, and offers additional compensation for the manufacture before seven months of a disappearing carriage to meet the require- ments. The best thought of the Ordnance Department has beeu addressed to this problem, and the Gordon counterpoise carriage, the modified Gordon carriage, and the Grozier-BufQngton carriage, the inventions of our own officers, bave undergone or soon will undergo test. Selection from among them is deemed probable within a few months. Delay has been due in part to the inability to secure neces- sary heavy steel castings. No difficulty is experienced witli tbe barbette gun carriages, of whicli four for the 12-inch guns, five for the 10-iuch, and seven for the 8-inch are under construction at the Watertown Arsenal, where the adapta- tion of old barbette carriages to modern ordnance makes good headway. A 12-inch minimum port casemate carriage of German make is soon to be tested, and its acceptance will carry the right to manufacture. ARSENALS AND ARMORIES. Ordnance and ordnance supplies for the three branches of the service are manufactured at the six Government arsenals or by contract with private manufacturers. While of necessity each arsenal is engaged in other lines of work to a greater or less extent, the main lines of opera- tion at each have been established as follows : The Watervliet gun factory is devoted to the manufacture of 8, 282 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR 10, and 12 incli guns for seacoast defense, of modern rifled, field, and siege artillery, of steel mortars and projectiles. Of the seacoast guns produced liere the Board of Ordnance and Fortification says: "For j)ower, for endurance, and for accuracj^ tliese guns have justified exi)ectations and proved most serviceable arms, which we need not hesi- tate to i)laceupon our new fortifications. Other types may be found in the progress of time which excel these, but experimental firings at home or abroad have not yet demonstrated the existence of any better guns." This establishment is completed according to the original scope of its work, excei^t the large machinery needed for the manufacture of 16- inch guns. Its annual output will exceed original estimates. The cost of guns assembled there has not exceeded estimates, and, with the improvement and perfection of the plant, becomes less. The Watertown Arsenal is devoted to the remo'deling of gun carriages and the manufacture of seacoast carriages. The installation of a mod- ern gun-carriage plant has made good i^rogress during the year. The foundry is completed and additions have more than doubled its capacity. The Springfield Armory for some years has made the arms for the infantry. Extensive i^reparations in the erection of new buildings, the establishment of a new power plant, and the readjustment of machinery have been made, and the manufacture of the new .30-caliber magazine rifle is now in progress. During the year 20,761 of the .45-caliber Springfield rod-bayonet rifles and cadet rifles were made. The Frankford Arsenal produces the ammunition required for artil- lery and infantry service. Tests and examinations preliminary to the manufactiu-e of ammunition for the new magazine rifle are in x^rogress, but for the present it will be necessary to produce both .45 and .30 cal- iber cartridges. During the year the chemical laboratory for the examination of powder and explosives has been completed and put into operation. The Rock Island Arsenal furnishes gun carriages, caissons, and bat- tery wagons for field and siege artillery and eq[uix)ments for the infantry and light artillery. The Benicia Arsenal is limited to the needs of the ordnance of the Pacific coast and to tests and experiments with guniiowder to stimu- late its manufacture on the Pacific coast. The Proving Ground at Sandy Hook, Xew Jersey, is devoted to the test of heavy ordnance, powder, and exijlosives and projectiles. For manifest reasons its needs will increase with its growing importance. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 283 PRIVATE CONTRACTS. The policy of tlie Government lias been to obtain all the forgings for heavy guns from private manufacturers, but to assemble and finish the guns itself. This policy has been deviated from to the extent of mak- ing private contracts for the following finished guns and mortars: Bethlehem Iron Works "West Point Foundry South Boston Fonudry Builders' Foundry, ProTidence . Total Guns. 8-inch. 10-ineh. 12-inoh 25 11 50 25 Mortars (iron), 12-inch. 43 30 3G 50 25 Whether this deviation, which was ordered by Congress, shall prove a desirable precedent or not Aviil develop in time, work under the con- tracts for heavy calibers not having progressed far enough to warrant a positive utterance. POWDERS AND HIGH EXPLOSIVES. i The invention or reiiroduction of a powder which shall meet the re- quirements of the ordnance which the United States are engaged in making, and of a standard smokeless powder for small arms, presents a problem to our powder manufacturers, the solution of which should be profitable to them and a source of jyvide to the country. The manu- facture of such powders is in the exx^erimental stage in the United States, and abroad it has hardly more than passed beyond that stage to one of positive x)rogress. When the lack of such x^owder shall have been supplied a long step toward self-sufficiency for national defense will have been taken. The tests of powder during the year have not- been satisfa(;tory, and the brown powder for the larger caliber of gains, reproduced by our makers from foreign samj)les, does not admit of any certain anticipation of the results of its trial. Every encouragement has been afforded to manufacturers and inventors, and this Department will continue to afford such encouragement in the belief that American ingenuity is equal to the solution of the problem. Interesting experiments have been conducted to obtain some high explosive, available as the charge for shells to be thrown by mortars upon the decks of hostile vessels. Ammonite, rackarock, explosive gelatine, wet gun cotton and emmensite have been examined. These 284 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. . expcrimeuts indicate that 100 pounds of emmensite, a moderate charge for a mortar sliell, can be thrown by poAvder with entire safety a dis- tance of six miles, and, exploded in the interior of a ship, would be decisively destructive. Exi^eriments will be continued until present conclusious are corroborated or new ones reached. The manufacture of projectiles for the various branches and pur- poses of the artillery service is conducted at Watervliet,' Watertown, and Frankford arsenals and by private contract. Contracts Lave been let for armor-piercing i^rojcctiles numberiug 248 for the 12-inch guns, 422 for the 10-inch, and 312 for the S-inch, and the iirst lots delivered meet requirements. Deck-x)ierciug shells, furnished under contract for the 12-inch mortars, have not yet filled the contract con- dition, i. e., perforation of a 4.5-iuchdeck plate, but with experience the desired result will doubtless be reached. The manufacture of pro- jectiles for siege and field artillery equals current requirements and the arsenals have established satisfactory types of shrapnel and can fur- nish it on demand. RESULTS ATTAINED. The magnitude and importance of the work of seacoast defense have entitled the subject to somewhat extended review. The past eight years have been years of refiection, investigation, experiment, prei)ara- tion, and manufacture. They have given to us a gun factory at the Watervliet Arsenal, West Troy, K Y., unexcelled in the quality of its work by any in the world, and of a capacity limited, so far as our needs are concerned, only by the wishes of Congress; they have given to us a good number of modern high power guns and mortars, serviceable gun lifts and barbette carriages, the early likelihood of suitable disappear- ing carriages, some proper emplacements, the necessary projectiles, and an experimental knowledge of brown and smokeless powders for heavy ordnance. RIVERS AND HARBORS. The improvement of the harbors and internal waterways of the country, a work of immense consequence to our commerce and general benefit to the peoiile, has made excellent progress under the support of the liberal appropriations voted for that purpose. The Chief of li^ngi- neers estimates that in the continuance of these works in accordance with the existing projects as adopted by Congress the sum of $38,770,011 can be exx)euded during the next fiscal year. This estimate has been REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 285 transmitted to tlie Secretary of the Treasury as required by law, but it is not tlie judgment of the Department that public necessities demand the cxx)euditure of such an amount at this time. The average annual amount actually expended for such work during the last ten years has been about $10,000,000, and it is believed that this can well be reduced for the x)resent year, if judiciously allotted, to $7,500,000, the sum fixed in the Department estimates. EDUCATION OF THE ARMY. The Major-General Commanding the Army reports that in the per- manent establishment education was never so general or so high as at the present time. The scheme for the higher instruction of officers of the Army is comprehensive and liberal, and on its successful develop- ment will depend our ability to keep step with the world's coustant progress in the art of war. It embraces: The school for artillery officers at Fort Monroe, established in 1867. The school for infantry and cavalry officers, established at Fort Leavenworth in 1881. The school of drill and practice for cavalry aud light artillery at Fort Riley, authorized in 1887. The school for engineers at Willets Point. Officers' lyceums, established in all of the geographical departments. Twenty lieutenants of artillery and a small number of noncommis- sioned officers are receiving two years' instruction at Fort Monroe, and the commandant of the school reports that its development keej)s x)ace with progress in military knowledge. Its gravest need, modern siege and seacoast guns, will be adequately met in the near future. Thirty-three officers of infantry and cavalry have completed the two years' course at Fort Leavenworth, and the commandant of the school credits them with attaining exceiJtional efficiency. Eleven officers completed the engineering course at Willets Point during the year and four were engaged in the study of operating tor- pedoes up to October, 1893. All are entitled to certificates ot in-ofi- ciency. The School of Cavalry and Light Artillery Practice at Fort Riloy was not fairly organized and established until January 1, 1893. Advance has been made toward the objects for which post lyceums were established. The jn^oject is as yet in the tentative stage, and it is evident that to make it serve more adequately its puri)oses the lines 28G ' REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. of study and original researcli must be more closely super\'ised. The aim of these institutions is to educate the officers of the Army in duties beyond the routine with which they are presumably familiar, to encour- age independent military research and render available the results of original thought. It would iudeed be strange if the line of the Army should be exceptional in not cwntribnting in time of peace to scientific progress in its special work, when our contributions in time of conflict to skillful and effective warfare on sea and land have won the world's recognition and when our contributions to the arts of j)eace are every- where acknowledged. Original i)apers submitted during the year cov- ered the widest range of topics, and concentration of thought on fewer themes is desirable. During the past year the division of military information has begun systematic work which promises to be of great utility to the Army and to the War Department. Its labors have been assigned to four sections. The first section undertakes to keep record of the progress of military art abroad through our military attaches abroad, the diplomatic and consular service, and official documents of foreign governments and foreign military publications. The second section undertakes to collect information relating to our own frontiers. The third section will endeavor to collect military information con- cerning all other countries and islands of this continent. The fourth section is seeking information concerning the militia of the several States and its availability for service. The great armies of the w^orld are to-day officered by students of the military art, and the relatively short duration of the world's great wars since our civil war demonstrates that warfare is becoming an art de- pendent on the exact sciences qnite as much as on peisonal bravery We shall never want men and money in emergency, but the ability to use them effectively can come only through the study of the officers of the staff and line of the Army. Progress in the War Department must be along the lines of a national university of military science as well as aloug those .of coast defense. KEFORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 287 THE IVnLITARY ACADEMY. The Supermtenclent of the United States Military Academy at West Point reports that on September 1, 1893, the cadets numbered 318, inckiding three foreigners admitted by special permission of Congress. As the number of cadets authorized by law is 371, not including for- eigners, there are 56 vacancies. In the judgment of the superintendent the number of cadets should be increased by the admission of two cadets-at-large from each State, to be chosen by the United States Sena- tors of the State. That at an early day there must be an increase in the number of cadets undergoing military instruction at West Point is obvious from the technical nature of modern warfare, its demands for men of a high order of scientific attainments, and the progress of the United States in the military art. The cooperation of the Federal Government with the States in furnishing instruction to the militia and with colleges and schools in furnishing it to the youth of the laud wiU presumably be extended from time to time, and the conduct of our com- prehensive system of seacoast defenses, the beginnings of which are assuming definite form, will soon call for a supply of educated young officers larger than the Military Academy now furnishes. The reconiDieudation of the Superintendent for the repeal of the stat- utes prohibiting the employment of a graduate as instructor at the Academy until four years after graduation would doubtless aid effi- cient instruction. The custom, which is forbidden by statute to the Academy, is general in the universities and colleges of the highest rank in the country and has been the means of developing independent research aiul original study in many directions to the country's great gain. There is no reason to doubt that its effect would be the same at the Military Academy. The Army and the country can be served under present conditions as effectively by the West Point graduate in the mathematical study or laboratory as in the field. The Board of Visitors to the Military Academy reports that the education afforded there is "mercilessly genuine." The exercises of the cadets in infantry, artillery, cavalry, and j)ractical military engi- neering were remarkable exliibitions of efficiency and skill, scarcely suscejitible of criticism. The scientific gymnasium work and the "large manliness and deep-seated courtesy, patriotic fervor and loyal adherence to truth and honor" of the cadet corps receive a generous meed of i)raise, and the corps of instructors and administrative officers 288 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. are warmly commended. The Board strongly recommends a gradual increase in tlie number of cadets, and that the requirements for admis- sion be raised to secure young men of the training and mental scope to get the fullest benefit from intellectual resources olfered to them. MILITARY SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. The growth of popular interest in the endeavors of the "War Depart- ment to furnish competent military instruction to universities, colleges, academies, and schools entitled under the law to its benefits, has been encouraging. The whole number of students capable of military duty at institutions to which the Government furnishes military instructors has increased from 12,301 in 1890-'91 to 17,519 in 1892-'93, a gain of 42 per cent, and the number that received military instructiou has increased from 7,30G during the last quarter of 1890-'91, to 10,790 for the last quarter of 1892-'93, a gain of 47 per cent. Outside of the colleges and schools receiving instruction from the Army, many edu- cational institutions furnish their students with instruction in drill and tactics by officers of the militia, so that the total of young men receiving military training of some description is much larger than indicated in the statistics given. Of the 79 institutions embraced in the report of the Adjutant-Gen- eral, 31 report less than 100 students under military instruction, though in some of these the attendance on the scholastic course is several hundred. While it would work injustice to lay down a hard and fast rule, prescribing in any institution an enrollment for military instruction of at least 100 students as a condition to the assignment of an Army officer as instructor, in general it may be well to require a very high percentage of attendance at drills from institutions enrolling less than 100 students for military instruction. Where the interest of faculty and students is too slight to secure this, the Government is doubtless wasting the valuable time of its officers and needlessly spend- ing money. I concur in the recommendation of the Adjutant-General that the military instruction noAv i^rovidcd for colleges might well be extended, with proper limitations, to the high schools of our large cities. The introduction of military training into the free-school system of the States should stinuilate patriotism, of which that system is one of the best products, and should in time become a most potent factor in mak- ing the United States, not a warlike nation, but a nation capable of REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 289 bearing arms intelligently and victoriously under all conditions. The Major-General Commanding the Army expresses the disposition of the Army in these words: The demand for educated officers for duty at colleges and imiversities aud otlier institutions of learning is constantly iucreasing, and no better service could be ren- dered in time of peace by officers of the Army than such assistance in the general dis- semination of military instruction. THE SIGNAL CORPS. Those branches of the service which exact a considerable degree of scientific or mechanical iiroficieucy, to be acquired only after long study or practice, are especially entitled to the favorable consideration of the Government, and attention is called particularly to the rei^ort of the Chief Signal Officer. The Signal Corps from 33 military posts and stations now operates about 700 miles of permanent telegraph lineSj which are also used in part for commercial purposes. Flying telegraph trains for experimental purposes are in course of organization, and the practical value of these was demonstrated during military operations on the Mexican border. Some work has been done with the heliograph. The balloon has taken its i^lace in the mechanism of war, aud the Signal Corps has given to it such study as appropriations have permitted. Two hundred aud eighty-eight officers and 1,388 men are reported proficient in mili- tary signaling, but of these only one in six can take telegraphic messages at a low rate of speed. Telegraphy and the signal code are interesting studies in themselves, and it is worth recording that Army officers and enlisted men are devoting time to them as recreation, asd that in the national guard of several of the States and in some military schools these subjects have been embraced in the scheme of instruc- tion. The Chief SigFuil Officer recommends various extensions in the field of operations of the cor^^s, which are entitled to consideration. Ab. 93 19 290 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. THE MILITIA. The militia of the States constitutes the secoud or reserve line ol national defense, besides serving the purposes for which it is estab- lished by State authority. Its imi)ortaDce iu any scheme for national protection becomes x^laiu when it is borne in mind that, while the Army consists by law of only 25,000 men, nearly 90,000 men would be required to garrison our fortifications iu case of emergency, and with the ampli- fication of those fortifications in i)rogress an even larger number would be required. The obligation of the Federal Government to the militia of the States is twofold — to furnish instruction and inspection and to furnish ordnance supplies — both having in view the establishment of a sufficient uniformity of discipline and equipment to enable the militia to cooperate promptly and eflfectively with the Army should occasion demand. The second obligation was recognized by Congress as early as 1808, when an act was passed allotting .$200,000 to the militia of the States. In spite of the increase in population, increase of the militia, and improvements and increased cost of arms, artillery and equipments, the appropriation remains virtually fixed at the original amount, the endeavor of Congress to increase it by the act of February 12, 1887, failing to accomplish that result. The requests for the cooperation and assistance of the Federal Government from the States are greater now than ever in times of peace, and manifestly are the index of an intelligent interest in the nation's military growth and progress, which is entitled to reciprocal manifestations of interest by the Federal Gov- ernment and by Congress. The Major-General Commanding the Army advises that the most imi)roved infantry rifles and the standard breech- loading field guns be issued to the organized militia. Some time must elapse before the output of the new magazine rifle is large enough to provide for its issue to the militia, but the continned issue of the new field guns will stimulate interest in the artillery arm of the national guard, which is desirable. During the year 1892 twenty-five Army officers were detailed to inspect the encaminneuts and drills of the militia of twenty States, aggregating 30,207 enrolled men. During 1893 sixteen officers inspected the camps and drills of the militia of fourteen States, and the Army participated in several State encampments. Tlie latest returns of tCe strength of the militia, received at this Department, show a total organized force of 112,597 officers and KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 291 enlisted iiieu. Tlie artillery arm, maintained by tliirty-four States, has an enrollment in round numbers of 6,000 officers and men ; tlie cavalry arm maintained by twenty-four States of 5,000. The geographical dis- tribution of this force follows : state. Organized force. Alabama Ala.sta Territory Arizona Territorj- ... Arkansas Calilbniia Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columljia. riorida Georgia Idaho niinoi.'} Indian Territory Indiana Iowa Kan sa.-s Kentucky Louisiana Maine Mary kind Massacliusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri 2,719 293 911 4,198 901 2,735 443 1,382 902 3,949 229 4,774 State. 2,654 2,363 1,714 1,227 1,187 1,208 2,334 6,174 2, 943 I 1,861 '] 1, 712 2,355 I Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire Now Jersey New Mexico Territory New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Territory . . . Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Territory Verraont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Total Organized force. 13, 1, 592 3G0 5CG 205 017 571 500 577 513 551 154 400 497 040 119 5S4 029 229 0G6 7C6 844 388 864 676 309 112,507 THE SOLDIERS' HO]VrE. The annual report of the president of the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home at Washington shows 1,080 inmates on the rolls of that institution on September 30, 1893, the average attendance being 751. The permanent fund of the Home has been reduced $10,000 by excess of expenditures over receipts, and at the date of the report was $2,479,343.32. Of $06,287.47 received by the treasurer for inmate pen- sioners, all but $372.19 was paid to the individual pensioners. In this connection the report states: The Commissioners are of the opinion that Congress never intended to make the double provision now fully enjoyed by many of the inmate pensioners -who are com- fortably lodged, fed, and clotlicd at the expense of the Home while they draw their pensions, in some cases amounting to $36 per mouth, and spend it without being taxed in the slightest degree for their support. This makes the Home a standing 292 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. iudiiccment for pensioners to seek admission thereto, and while it is just and proper that men disabled in the service should be pensioned according to the degree of disa- bility incuned, it is believed to be also proper that pensioners receiving more than $8 per month should be required to pay partly at least for their support. * * * To show how far pensioners have availed themselves of the benefits of the Home it is stated in the Governor's report that of the 710 inmates now present, 584 are draw- ing pensions as follows: 151 are receiving from $16 to $36 per month; 271 from $10 to $15, and 159 from $2 to $8. NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEERS. The act of March 3, 1891, making appropriations for the support of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, i^rovides that the expenditures and receipts of said home from whatever source shall be reported to and supervised by the Secretary of War, and the deficiency act of March 3, 1893, requires the supervision of those accounts to be the same as that of accounts of disbursing officers. The appropriation account of this institution and its branches shows: Balance in treasury, July 1, 1892 $201, 561. 59 Amount of appropriations 3, 321, 098. 05 Unexpended balances deposited 99, 780. 78 $3, 622, 440. 42 Withdrawn by reiiuisitions 3, 286, 535. 41 Balance $335,905.01 The vouchers submitted through the War Department to tlie Treas- ury cover disbursements and receipts only on account of the "general fund;" but the annual report of the Board of Managers shows that other funds, known as the posthumous fund, post fund, and pension fund, aggregating over $2^500,000 for the last fiscal year, are kept at the branch homes. In response to inquiry the War Department is informed by the i)resi- dent of the National Home for Disabled Volunteers that the pension fund of the Home for the fiscal year was $2,574,055.48, of which $1,750,428.05 was disbursed to pensioned inmates of the Home and its branches, and $535,883.22 to their families. Of the inmates of the Home ~ 14,481 receive pensions from the Government ranging from $2 to $72 a month. Of these 5,5G0 receive $8 or less a mouth, 2,842 being rated at the maximum named j 774 receive $10, G,828 receive $12, and 1,301 receive over $12 up to $72 per month. Quotation has already been made from the report of the president of the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home, the Major-Gen- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 293 era! Commancliug the Army, proposing that liensioners receiviug more than $8 per month, who are inmates of the Home, shall be required to make some contribution toward their support. Without a review here of the argument concerning this double system of pensions, for it amounts to that, it is pertinent to inquire if it does not apply, as a matter of justice, with as much force to the Home for Disabled Volun- teers as to the Soldiers' Home. THE world's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. In the dedicatory exercises of the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago the Army was represented by twenty-four companies of in- fantry, ten troops of cavalry, and four light batteries. These, with a battalion of marines and 12,271 officers and men of the national guard of eight States, were under command of the major-general command- ing the Department of the Missouri, who reports that the troops pre- sented a creditable appearance, were well equipped, and marched and maneuvered with commendable skill and precision. A camp of two companies of infantry, established for the entire duration of the Exposition, illustrated on a small scale the discipline, modeof operations and life of the Army, and served as a guard to Gov- ernment property. The visit of the corps of cadets from the Military Academy was appreciated evidence of the interest of this Department in the success of the Exposition, and, it is believed, gave the corps valuable information and experience, while tending also to increase the popular affection for the institution. The sum of $124,887 was allotted to the exhibit of the War Department, and after all payments have been made a balance of about $8,000 will remain unexpended. The Department exhibit comprised modern seacoast, siege and field ordnance, rapid-fire and machine guns, small arms, cartridge, gun making, testing and other machines in- operation, ballistic, aiming, measuring and other instruments of precision, models of fortifications and seacoast defenses, surgical exhibits, army supplies, photographs of river and harbor improvements and public works in the District ot Columbia, military relics, trophies, etc., constituting a record to the eye of the products of American military inventive and mechanical genius which awakened general interest. Twenty-one officers were on duty at the Exposition, and many others visited it on leave. What the Army obtained from and gave to the Exx^osition is thus of educational value. 294 REPORT OF TPIE SECRETARY OF WAR. AN ARLINGTON BEEMORIAL BRIDGE. The need of iucreased transportation facilities between the seat of Government and the Virginia shore has long been recognized, but has not been met. Another bridge across the Potomac from Washington to Potomac Heights is required for the ordinary purposes of travel and commerce, to render speedily accessible the principal military post of the Capital, Fort Myer, and, above all, as a convenient and suitable approach from the city to the National Cemetery at Arlington. While serving purposes of utility and conceded necessitj^, such a structure would be of memorial character, befitting the beautiful and sacred ground to which it would lead, and in ultimate decoration sym- bolizing valor, devotion to conviction, self-sacrifice, and all the marked qualities of the nation, displayed in strong lights and shadows on both sides of the Potomac. Nature and man have joined to create here the surroundings to make such a memorial structure unique and impress- ive. Seldom is conceded commercial necessity so reinforced by con- siderations of patriotism and reverence in support of a desirable pub- lic improvement. NATIONAL CEMETERIES The national cemeteries now number 83, and to continue the work of marking the graves therein 9,168 white marble headstones were pro- vided during the year, and $6,122.34 was expended on repairs to road- ways. GETTYSBURG BATTLEFIELD. The work of preserving the lines of battle at Gettysburg and of per- manent]}^ marking the position of the commands of both armies there engaged is making satisfactory progress under the direction of the commission appointed for its sux)ervision. Title papers for the purchase of sites occupied by the regular troops are nearly perfected, and the positions will soon be suitably marked. The State monument erected by New York was dedicated July 2, 1893, the 30th anniversary of the battle. In addition to the considerable sums expended for the preservation of points of historic interest in connection with this field by the Get- tysburg Battlefield Memorial Association and other organizations and individuals, the sum of $863,017.82 has been contributed to the work by States whose soldiers participated in the battle. This large outlay has been expended under the supervision of the Association mentioned, EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 295 in tlie purclmse of plots of land embracing the leading features of the battlefield, the construction of connecting roads and avenues, and the erection of suitable monuments and tablets. In the absence of any other provision for the permanent care and maintenance of this com- pleted work it has been suggested that the General Government might well accept that charge and assume its control. CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA PARK. During the year the greater part of the costliest work connected with tlie establishment of the Chickainauga and Chattanooga National Military Park has been completed. The total amount expended was, on the 30th of Sex)tember last, $40i,4S5.G3, and the available balance was $173,514. 37. Between 9 and 10 square miles of the Chickamauga battlefield have been acquired and paid for, and several prominent points near Chattanooga, including Bragg's headquarters upon Mis- sionary Eidge, the De Long Place, and Orchard Knob have been secured. Title to Sherman's earthworks will soon be perfected. Ex- cept a few hundred acres th.e purchase of land for the park x^roper is complete, and the area which the Commission has concluded to embrace is fully 2,000 acres below the limits fixed by Congress. Twenty-five miles of good roadway have been completed and historical tablets designate prominent points, the landmarks and headquarters of the battle. The work of restoring the field to its condition at the time of the battle has progressed rajMly. Seventeen State commissions have been organized to locate the positions of State troops, and the national com- mission exiDCcts that the remaining nine States which had troops en- gaged in the battle will create commissions during the coming winter. Several State commissions have already visited the park and estab- lished the liositions of the trooj)s of their respective States. Ohio has appropriated $95,000 for monuments, fifty-six of which will soon be erected J Minnesota has appropriated $15,000 for five monuments, and during the coming session legislatures of other States are expected to take similar action. Seven granite monuments have been erected in memory of the regular troops engaged at Chickamauga, and five observation towers have been erected, offering comi)rehensive views of the field of conflict. 296 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OE WAR. M0NU3IENTS. Tlie commission appointed by Congress to select a site and supervise the erection of a statue to tlie late Maj. Gen. Jolin A. Logan, acting in conjunction with a committee representing the Society of the Army of the Tennessee, has adopted a model of a bronze equestrian statue and podcstal. The total cost of the statue, including pedestal, foundation, and base, will be $05,000, of which the sum of $15,000 is to be raised by contributions from other sources. The commission appointed to select a site and supervise the erection of the pedestal for a statue of the late Gen. Philip H. Sheridan lias selected as a suitable site the small i^lat of ground at the intersection of Pennsylvania avenue and E street NW. Definite action in regard to the statue has been deferred to await the result of efforts to increase by private subscription the amount appropriated by Congress. It has been found necessary to abandon the site originally selected for the proposed statue of the late Maj. Gen. W. S. Hancock, at the junc- tion of Sixteenth and TJ streets and New Hampshire avenue, known as "Hancock Circle," and the commission will not enter into any «ontract for the erection of the statue until a new site has been selected. An act of Congress approved July 5, 1892, appropriated the sum of $50,000 for the preparation of a site and the erection of a pedestal for a statue of the late Gen. W. T. Sherman, but no action in the matter has yet been taken, pending the selection of a site. RECORD AND PENSION OFFICE. The work of the Eecord and Pension Office has progressed so far that a reduction of 834:5,000 has been made in the estimate for its mainte- nance for the coming year. The cases received and disposed of for the fiscal year numbered 203,704, of which 137,563 were from the Pension Office. The bulk of pension claims arising under the act of June 27, 1890, has apparently been filed and the reports of military service furnished. Under the recent ruling of the Interior Department, however, very many of the claims under that act will again be referred to this office for the full medical and military history of the claimants, and as more comj)i'ehen- sive reports are required, the work of this office for the time will be considerably increased. The reproduction of individual military records of volunteer officers and men by the index-card system is now REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 297 practically completed. The reproduction of the volunteer rolls of the veteran reserve, United States volunteers, post, detachment, and mis- cellaueoas rolls will remain to complete this work. From the total ot 35,099,755 index-record cards on file, the record of any soldier can readily be ascertained. The usefulness of the system is generally conceded. Concerning the calamity on the 9th of June last at the Ford's Theatre building on Tenth street, occupied by the Record and Pension OfQce, and in which twenty-two clerks were killed and a large number seri- ously injured, the chief of that office in his annual report says: The building was au old one, but had been repeatedly examined by experts and pronounced entirely safe. It was purchased by the Government in 1866, was entirely remodeled and has since been used by the War Department for various i^urposes, principally for the storage of the Army Medical Museum, the library of the Surgeon- General's Office, the medical records of the Army, and the accommodation of tue officers and clerks emploj^ed in connection therewith. Sometime after the building came into the possession of the Government a considerable exjicnditure was made upon it in the way of thoroughly strengthening its walls, and for many j-ears sub- sequently its floors bore with perfect safety the immense weight of the museum, library, and hosiiitul records, but all of these had beeu removed from the building several years before the catastrophe occurred. As the weight of the clerks employed in the building was many times less than that removed therefrom, there was no ground for apprehension that the building Avas not a safe one for the purpose for which it has latterly been used, viz, for office purposes for the use of clerks and the storage of the few records upon which they were at the time engaged in copying. For the comfort and convenience of the clerks so employed it became desirable to supply the building with electric lights and ventilating fans, and for this purpose an excavation was made under the building by a contractor to whom this necessary part of the work had been entrusted. This work included the underpinning of certain piers upon which the floors, in part, rested, and it was during the progress of this work, and probably in consequence of it, that the disaster o(jcurred. In a substantial building, as this was known to be, and ■ under the superintendence of a comxictent builder, there was no reason to believe that the work was not entirely safe and free from danger to the persons occupying the building at the time. That the confidence felt in the safety of the building during the progress of this work was not well founded is shown by the unfortunate results that followed. The families of some of the killed in this most deiilorable accident are understood to be in a destitute condition, and the widows aud orphans of those whose lives were thus sacrificed in the public service^ and those Avho were seriously injured, are earnestly commended to the generosity of the Government. In this recommendation the Secretary of War earnestly concurs. The Department has extended to the employes who were injured the most liberal consideration which the law permits, but under the 298 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. recent opinion of the Attorney- General sick leaves with pay can not be granted for a longer period than sixty days in any one year. It is recommended that Congress authorize payment to them of the full amount of their salaries during such periods as they may be unable, by reason of their injuries, to return to duty, unless it shall in the mean time make specific provision for them by direct appropria- tion. The payment of their salaries during the period of their enforced absence would require no additional appropriation, the full amount of such salaries for the current year having already been appropriated by the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation act. WAR RECORDS. The xiublication of the War Eecords has so far progressed that this valuable historical work, with accompanying maps, can be completed by the end of the next fiscal year, and satisfactory progress has been made in the work of indexing the Confederate archives. By the retirement of Brig. Gen. Eobert Williams, Adjutant-General of the Army, the War Department has been deprived of the services of an intelligent, competent officer and accomplished gentleman, to whose worth and usefulness I bear willing testimony. I desire also to place on record my appreciation of the cordial cooperation and prompt assistance of the Major-General Commanding the Army and of the heads of the several bureaus of the Department in the administration of affairs intrusted to the supervision of the Secretary of War. Daniel S. Lamont, Secretary of War. P* A. P E il S ACCOMPANYING REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. EEPORT OF THE MAJOE-GEIS^EEAL COMMANDIis^G THE AEMY. ■>i)3. Headquarters of the Aemt, Washington, D. C, October 4, 180c Sir: I liave the lion or to submit with this my annual report the reports of the commanding generals of the several geographical depart- ments, including those of their chief staff officers, of the comnjanding oflficers of the Artillery School, the Infantry and Cavalry School, and those of the Adjutant- General and the Inspector-General of the Army. The annual report of the commanding officer of the Cavalry and Light Artillery School at Fort Eiley, Kans., will be submitted later, when the season of practical instruction at that place has been completed. These reports give full information of all the operations of the troops during the past year, of the administrative work of the several staff officers serving with troops, and of tlie stations and strength of the various organizations of the Army and of the state of discipline and instruction of the troops, including practice with small arms and artil- lery. These reports, together with those of the Chief of Engineers aiid Ordnance, of the administrative staff departments, and of the Suj)erin- tendent of the Military Academy, will give you full information of all the details of the military service. I think it better not to epitoDiize or make extracts from any of these reports, but rather to invite their full perusal. IMPORTANT SERVICES. The most arduous service which has been rendered by the troops during the past year, and in some sense the most importanb, has been that required to suppress and punish violations of the neutrality laws betvreen this country and Mexico. This service required a considera- ble addition to troops before stationed in the Department of Texas, and to prevent a recurrence of such lawless acts it njay be found necessary to continue the increase thus made of the force serving in that depart- ment. The report of the department commander gives full details of all the service rendered, and shows that the troops were finally entirely successful, after a most laborious pursuit, in breaking up and capturing the criminals who had been engaged in violating the hospitalities ot this country for the purpose of conducting lawless enterprises against our friendly neighbor. I regard the troops in the Department of Texas as deserving of high commendation for the manner in which they have discharged this arduous duty. 299 300 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Happily tlie Army lias not been called uiion during the past year to assist in the sup]>ression of domestic violence in any part of the Terri- tories of the United States. But in connection with the opening of the new Territory of Oklahoma the troops have been called upon to aid the civil authorities, and the service thus performed has been commenda- ble. INSTRUCTION AND DISCIPLINE. The state ot discipline of the Army continues to be satisfactory. ]\Iilitary instruction has been conducted throughout the year as i)re- scribed in Regulations and Orders. Firing instruction, botlnvith heavy guns and small arms, has been systematically conducted during the year, and the efficiency of the Army in this resi)ect has probably never been so high as now. Ail additional year has been given for the trial of the new drill regulations for infantry, cavalry, and light artillery with a view to the most careful and extended criticism of every detail before the final revision of the text and its adoj^tion as a permanent system. SMALL ARMS AND FIELD ARTILLERY. The reconsideration provided by Congress of the former decision of a board appointed by the War Department to select a small arm for the use of troops, having finally resirlted in the confirmation of the iudgment of the former board, the work of construction of the new arm is nov/ in progress, so that the Army nmy be equipped with the modern magazine weapon in due time. It is again respectfully suggested that a reserve supply of the most approved inf\nitry rifles and of thestandard breech-loading rifled field guns be provided iu amount sulficient, not only for the regular troops and organized militia, but for such volun- teers as may be immediately called into service in the event of war. FORTIFICATION AND ARMAMENT. Satisfactory progress has been made during the last year in the fabrication of modern-high i)0wer guns, and considerable work has been done in providing emplacements for such guns and mortars. Experiments have also been continued in respect to disappearing car- riages for such guns. Conclusive results in this last regard have not yet been reached, but yet such progress has been made that efUcient carriages could be rai)idly constructed in case of immediate need. It is hoped that necessary appropriations for the continuation of this work will not be withheld, so that the policy which has now been steadily pursued during the past five or six years may be continued until tlie great seaports of the United States are placed in condition of security. The report of the Board of Ordnance and Fortification, and those of the Chief of Engineers and the Chief of Ordnance, will give you full information of all the business transacted in respect to fortifications and armament, and the future neeos of the military service in that regard. BARRACKS AND QUARTERS. I desire again to invite attention to the necessity for a special api)ro- jjriation for the construction of barracks and quarters at those sea- X)ort stations from w^hich the troops were M'ithdrawn for field serAice REPORT OF tHE SECRETARY OF WAR. 301 some years ago. Many of those posts have now become defeuseless ami unfit to occupy in their present condition. It is believed that all important seaports should be regarrisoned, their x)reseut armament placed in serviceable condition, and preparation made for the cai'C of new and improved armament as soon as the Engineer and Ordnance Departments are able to supply them. REORaANIZATION OF THE ARTILLERY AND INFANTRY. The measures which for many years have been before Congress, and favorably considered at one time or another by each House, for the reorganization of the artillery and infantry, still remain under consid- eration. So much has been said in favor of these measures and their merit so generally admitted, that it would be superfluous to discuss them furtl'.er. I trust Congress may be pleased to enact those measures into law without unnecessary delay. MILITARir EDUCATION. The interest in military education throughout the country continues to increase. The demand for educated oflicers for duty at colleges and universities and other institutions of learning is constantly increasing, and no better service could be rendered in time of peace by officers of the Army than such assistance in the general dissemination of mili- tary instruction. In the ji^i'ii^^nent establishment, education was never so general or so high as at the present time. Not oidy are the established schools at West Point, Willets Point, Fort Monroe, Fort Leavenworth, and Fort Kiley, as efficient as ever, but the Military Service Institution and the general system of lyceums established throughout the Army are adding largely to the voluntary individual work of nearly all officers of the Army. The post schools for enlisted men still need dev^elopment, and some generous legislation will, it is believed, be requisite to put them upon the proper basis. INDIAN SOLDIERS. The enlistment of Indians in the Army, and their organization into companies attached to the regular regiments, appears thus far to have accomplished, in a very satisfactory manner, the principal objects con- templated in that policy. The princi])le of these objects is understood to have been for the purpose of withdrawing from the warlike tribes and giving satisfactory employment to a considerable number of young men who were generally dissatisfied and liable at any time to become hostile; for the purpose of educating the Indians in the rules and cus- toms of civilized as contrasted Avitli those of savage warfare; and to assist in the efforts of the Government to transform the Indian charac- ter from that of savage enemy to that of friend and citizen of the United States. There has been no serious indication of hostile disposition manifested by any of the Indian tribes since this i)olicy was inaugu- rated. A secondary object was the organization of a comparatively small contingent of Indian troops, partly with a view to any service which might be required of them, but mainly for the purpose of determining by actual trial what the value is or may be made of the warlike tribes of Indians as a part of the military strength of the United States; this uiJon the general theory that all parts of the people of a country should 302 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE be pi'ei)aied to do their sliave in time of need of the military service which the country may require. It is yet too early to reach a final conclusion ui)on this question. Results vary from one extreme to the other. In some cases the Indian trorqis have proved highly satisfac- tory. In others, less so. In one case, the discipline of a company was so uusatislactory that it was thought necessary to remove it from its native country, whei'e it might possibly do serious harm, to a distant State and into the i)resence of a garrison of white troops, where its power for evil was entirely paralyzed. By this and similar means the tribe to which that company belonged, which had been one of the most dangerous of all the savage tribes, has been reduced to a comparatis'ely harmless condition. In sojue other cases it has been found that tribes formerly warlike have by contact with civilization lost their military character, ami that they may be counted as of no military consequence, either for or against the United States. In those cases the comi^anies have been disbanded. Further trial will doubtless indicate satisfactor- ily what tribes and to what extent may wisely be called upon to furnish any part of the military force of the United States, with a view to future service, and to what extent Indians may wisely be retained in service, with a view solely to discipline and control, for the purpose of prevent- ing their employment in any hostile enterprise against the people of the surrounding couutrv. In view of the very limited strength of the Army authorized by law, only a small fraction of that strength can be utilized in the manner herein referred to; but within that limit it is far more economical, as well as more humane, to employ the Indian as a civili*zed soldier than to fight him as a savage warrior. Perhaps, in the end, the most valu- able of all the results of this policy will be in its con^-iction of the Indians, by means which appeal to them most forcibly, of the fact timt they are not regarded as enemies, but as a part of the people of the United States. TERM OF ENLIST3IENT. In an army so small as that permanently maintained by the United States the all-imi^ortant requisite is efficiency and reliability under any and all circumstances that may arise. To secure this it seems evident that the i)olicy should contemplate the elimination, as soon as practica- ble, of all men who can not be molded into perfectly trustworthy sol- diers and the retention in service of all whose military development proves to be entirely satisfactory. Tlie period of five years — that of the present term of enlistment — is much longer than necessary for the first purpose, while the limit of length of service under existing law, namel}", ten years, is much too short to enable the Government to obtain the best service from men who have proved to be in all respects satisfactory. Tliere is another serious objection to the present limitation of ten years. That period is much too long for a j'oung man to devote to the military service if he nuist ultinui tely make his career in civil life. He thereby loses the opportunities of youth which must be availed of by all young men who would win success in the race of life. Tiie benefits to the country from the military training of the small uundjer of men Avho are discharged after ten years of service is quite insignificant. They do not amount to as many as one in four thousand of the arms-bearing population of the United States. In a country whose i)olicy is based upon universal obligation to military service and REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 303 tlie development of the ultimate military streng-tU of the nation, and where a large standing army is maintained, partly as a school in which all young men capable of bearing arms may be trained, a short term of active service, generally of three years, enables the Government to give that training to every young man cni)able of bearing arms. In our country the Army is far too small to serve as a valuable training school of this character. The organized militia of the several States serve such a purpose to a much better advantage without drawing young men away from their civil avocations. It therefore seems advisable that the term of enlistment in the regu- lar service in this country be reduced from five to three years^ and that the legal restriction upon reeulistmeuts be removed, so that tlie War Department may be at liberty to continue in service those enlisted men whose services are found to be valuable. Zs"o doubt heretofore the practice has been to reenlist old soldiers after they have become less eflicieut than when they were younger, but that practice may readily be controlled by Executive action. It can not well be done by legislation, except by shortening the term of first enlistment, so as to afford a ready means of eliminatisig all those who will not, by the value of prolonged service, probably acquire any claim to further consideration in that regard. A reduction of the first term of enlistment to three years would also, in a large measure, remove the reason for the existing law providing for the purchase of discharge, wliich latter has proved very prejudi- cial to military discipline. As soon as a young soldier has saved up money enough to purchase his discharge he esteems himself independ- ent of his commanding oflticer, and becomes restive under necessary discipline, since all he has to do to avoid further submission to such discipline is to buy his discharge. It would, in my judgment, be bene- ficial to the military service to repeal the law authorizing the purchase of discharges. THE RECRUITING SERVICE. The recruiting service has been ably conducted by the present Adju- tant-General, Brig. Gen. Eobert Williams, and his subordinate officers, and the improvements noted in my last annual report have been con- tinued. The services of the Medical Department and the detection and rejection of unworthy or undesirable recruits have been greatly beneficial. Great difficnlty is necessarily encountered in obtaining recruits who fulflll all . the very high qualifications established, and which should be maintained in so small an army as that of the United States, and unworthy applicants, through fraud or otherwise, sometimes gain admission; but their unfitness, from whatever cause, is generally very soon detected, so that they may be dismissed at the depots before being sent to regiments. Althougli recent favorable legislation and other causes have diminished to a considerable extent the proportionate number of desertions from the Army, thatnumber still continues large, and doubtless from causes entirely beyond control, unless it be by increasing the certainty and severity of the punishment for desertion. STAFF DEPARTMENTS. The officers of the Adjutant-General's and Inspector-General's De- partments have discharged tlie duties which have devolved ujion them under my orders with great zeal and fidelity. I also take pleasure in 304 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE acknowledging my obligations to all the staff deparlTneiits for tLeir cordial assistance in tlie discharge of tlie duties devolving upon ine. The dei)artment comnuinders and their staff officers and all the troops of the line have merited my commendation by the manner in which they have discharged their duties. I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, J. M. SCHOFIELD, Major- General, Commanding. Hon. Daniel S. Lamont, Secretary of War. EEPORTS TO THE MAJOR GEI^ERAL COMMANDING THE ARMY. report of the adjutant-general. Headquarters of the Army, Adjutant-General's Office, Washington, September 27, 1893. General: Pursuant to your instructions, I have the honor to sub- mit the annual returns of the Army: ******* The number of enlisted men now in service, June 30, 1893, Avho are drawing increased pay under the act of Congress of August 4, 1851, is as follo\vs : Five years' contiunoiis service ($2 per montli) 4, 248 Ten jears' contiuuous service ($3 per moutli) 1, 791 Fifteen years' continuous service ($4 per niontli) 9G0 Twenty years' continuous service ($5 per month) 072 Twenty-live years' contiuuous service ($6 per montli) 212 Tliirty years' continuous service ($7 per month) 12 Tljirty-five years' continuous service ($8 per month) 2 Forty years' continuous service ($9 per mouth) 1 The number of those who will become entitled to increased pay under the act of Congress of May 15, 1872, during the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1805, is: Reenlisted pay 386 One dolhir per montli for third year of service 5, 711 Two dollars per month for fourth year of service 4, 296 Three dollars per month for liftli year of service 3, 113 And the number of enlisted men whose terms will exjiire during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, is 2,117. ******* DESERTION. The number of desertions from the Army reported as having occurred during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, is 1,082, an increase of 300 over tlie number rei)orted for the preceding year. This increase has been attributed in part, in some of the reports, to the widespread dissatisfaction in the ranks resulting from the law which, by limiting the possible length of service to ten years, deprives the enlisted men of the future advantages Avhichthey had the right to expect were guaranteed to long and iaithful service. This view is REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 305 streugtliened, in my opinion, by the fact that the reported increase is almost evenly distributed among seven of the eight military depart- ments ; in the department of California alone is a decrease reported. While the gravity of desertion is fully appreciated, and it is held that punishment for this military crime should both be swift and ade- quate, I am nevertheless of opinion that the morale of the rar.k and tile of the Army is undoubtedly good and that its members will bear comparison with an equal number of men of the same class in other occupations and pursuits. DISCHARGES. Section 2 of the act to prevent desertions from the Army, etc., ap- I)roved June 10, 1800, reads as follows: Sec. 2. That enlistments shall continue to he made for five years, as now provided hy law: Provided, That at the end of three years from the date of his enlistment every soldier, whose antecedent service has been faithful, shall be entitled to receive a furlough for three months, and that, in time of peace, he shall at the end of such furlough be entitled to receive his discharge ui^on his own application : Provided further, That soldiers discharged under the provisions of this section shall not be entitled to the allowances jirovided in section 1290 of the Revised Statutes. While section 4 of the same act, permitting enlisted men to purchase their discharge in time of i^eace, benefits both the Army, by eliminat ing from its ranks men unsuited for its life, and the individual, by oft'eriug him an honorable means of severing his connection with a serv- ice for which unfitted, section 2, on the contrary, benefits the indi- vidual at the expense of the Army, and, practically, offers a bonus to good men to leave the service after a reduced term. It was thought that the indulgence of a three-months' furlough after three years' service would generally operate in securing the continuance of the man in the military service. This assumi^tion is disproved by the fact that, of 939 men so discharged in 1891, 1,452 in 1892, and 1,573 in 1893 — a total of 3,901 — only 91 men in 1892 and 453 during the past fiscal year s:)ught reentry into the army. The total number (547) offering themselves for further military service was only a fraction over 13 per cent of the whole number discharged under the provisions of the law. It is evi- dent, therefore, that as a means of inducing men to continue in the military service the hiAv lacks potency, and that its greatest elfect is to entail on the Army the expense incident to filling the vacancies in the ran.ks created by the discharge of three-years' men. Excluding all con- sideration in regard to faithful antecedents, the average number of men during the past three years who were entitled to claim discharge was 3,329, and the percentage of successful applicants, which in 1891 was 29, advanced to 41 in 1892 and reached 49 during the past fiscal year. Carefully in^epared statistics place the cost of a recruit at depot, exclusive of clothing and subsistence, at ^18, and that of a recruit delivered at regiment, after three months of instruction at depot, at $105. The 1,573 men discharged after furlough during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, received, say, $50 for pay and allowances during such furlough, or a total charge of $88,050 against the military appro- priations. The first costof enlisting an equal number of recruits would be §28,314, or, if the recruits are kept three months at depot before being sent to the regin^ents needing them, $259,545. The effect of the law, as it now stands, is to take good men from the ranks at the end of three years (and then to give them three months' Ab. 93 20 306 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE fnilongh, during whicli time their places can not be filled and their pay runs on) and to retain bad men for five years. For tliese reasons and with a view to the best interests of the Army and of strict economy in military expenditures, I beg to recommer.d the repeal of section 2 of the act of June 16, 1890, and that the term of enlistn)ent be fixed at tliree years, so that bad men as well as good may be discharged alike at its expiration; and that the term during which an enlisted man may reenlist, with increased pay, be establishtd at three months instead of one, as now provided bylaw. The effect of this Avill be to give to the soldier his three months' absence, withovit expense to the Government and without burdening the rolls, as at pres- ent, and to enable him at its expiration to reenlist, with pay. as though he had been continuously in service. FRAUDULENT ENLISTMENT. Until the date of the act of July 27, 1892, declaring fi^udnlent enlistment a military offense, punishable under the sixty-second article of war, no legal means existed to punish the men — undesirable, if not worthless — who forced themselves in the ranks by concealment of dis- qualifying facts or defects. The "identification card" system of the surgeon-general's office has proved an excellent means of detection and the act, above cited, has provided legal method of x>reveution. Under the working of both the system and the law 301 men were dishonorably discharged during the past year for fraud perpetrated by them in their enlistment. As the number of men discharged for the same cause during tlwB preced- ing year was 394, it is evident that fewer men of that obnoxious class found their way in the ranks of the Army, and, while it can not be ascertained how many were led to keep away by fear of the law, it is confidently hoped that its deterrent nature will, as it becomes more and more generally known by the representations of recruiting* ofri- cers, eventually eliminate that most demoralizing element from tie ranks through fear of an almost inevitable detection, to be followed by swift and condign punishment. EEiiNLISTMENTS. The act approved February 27, 1893, making approjDriations for the support of the Army, contains the following clause: And, hereafter, in time of peace * * * uo private shall be reenlisted who Las served ten years or more, or who is over 35 years of age, except such as have already served as enlisted men for twenty years or upward. While the theoretical object of the law was undoubtedly to dissemi- nate military knowledge among the people by limiting service in the ranks of the Army to ten years, piactically, the end in view can never be reached by that mea'.^s, for majiy reasons, two of which are the vol- luitary system of recruiting the ranks and the insignificant relation, for the purpose, of the number of enlisted men in the Army to a iiopu- latioii of 70,00^\000 people. This provision of law, moreover, is directly antagonistic to the best interests of the military service aiul has been promotive of more dissatisfaction than any measure that has been introduced for years. Its effect is to discourage enlistments, reduce reenlistments after five years, and cause, in the near future, the bulk of the Array to consist of inexperienced young men instead of, as it should be, well-trained soldiers. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 307 Many petitions bave been received from every part of the Army, signed by officers and men, urging tbe repeal of the obnoxious clause of the law cited above, for the following reasons: (1) Because tlie ineu enlisted under lav.'s guavanteeiug tliora au liouoraLle status and reasonable support after thirty yaars' service, or admission into tlie Soldiers' Koine after t\^■enty years or on discharge for disability incurred in the service. For the support of the Home a monthly reduction lias been made in their pay during their entire service. Both of these promises — moral contracts — are broken by the present law. (2) Tlie law goes counter to all experience in denying the value of special training. Any private enterprise adopting sucli a plan would court loss and disaster, and like results must follow its adoption in the Army. (3) The inevitable result of the enforcement of the law will be to fill the ranks witli lickle men of roving disposition and drive away men fond of tbe military pro- fession. The points made in these x)etitions are well taken and are fully con- curred in. The law, however well intended in theory, is positively hurtful to the Army as well as unjust to the men in the ranks. It is harmful to the Army because it tends directly to eliminate from the ranks a class of men thoroughly trained, imbued with military spirit, and of good character, for otherwise they would not have been retained. While a few veterans in a companj^, by their presence and example, teach the new men the important lesson of obedience, fidelity, arid intelligent performance of duty, it takes a long time to make good soldiers of a company composed entirely of recruits. The great value of veteran regulars was thoroughly shown at the outbreak of the civil war. The positive injustice it works to the men in the ranks is clearly pointed out in the first point of the ]>etitions. In addi- tion to all this' the law, if unrepealed, will entail increased expenses for keeping the ranks full. The statistics of the Array since 1880 shovr an average presence in the ranks of 2,772 men with a service of ten and less than twenty years, and if this class of trained soldiers is not to be pei^mitted to continue in tlie service the replacement of the men necessarily means an increase of the recruiting expenses. Tlie best interests of the service, justice to the men in the ranks, and economy in expenditures alike demand the repeal of the clause in the law of February 27, 1883, which forbids the reenlistment of men after ten years' service. RECRUITING SERVICE. The manner of conducting the recruiting service, general and special, during the past year has not materially differed from that explained in the last two annual reports of the Adjutant-General; but special efforts have been made during the greater part ot the year, by means of more systematic advertising and increased personal effort on the part of re- cruiting officers, to secure recruits in greater number without relaxing in any degree the high standard of qualifications required. GEXERAL RECRUITING. The superintendent of the general service has his headquarters at N"ew York City, and depots for the collection and instruction of recruits have been continued at Davids Island, Xcvn- York Harbor, and Columbus Bar- racks, Ohio, for infantry and heavy artillery, and at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., for cavalry and light artillery. 308 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE October 1, 1892, recruiting rendezvous were In operation at the fol- lo\yiug places: Tliree in the city of Cbicago, 111.; t\YO, each, in the cities of Boston, Xew York, and Philadeli^liia; and one, each, at Spring- field, jNIass., New Haven, Conn., Albany, Brooklyn (a branch of New York City), Baft'alo, and Kochester, IS". Y.; Camden and Newark, N. J.; Harrisburg, Altoona, and Pittsburg, Pa.; Cincinnati and Cleveland, Ohio; Evansville, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, and Terre Haute, Ind.; Springfield, 111.; Detroit and Grand llapids, Mich.; Milwaukee, Wis.; Davenport, Iowa; St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minn.; St. Louis, Mo.; Louisville, Ky.; Nashville, Chattanooga, and Knoxville, Tenn.; Port Gibson, Miss.; Wheeling, W. Va.: Baltimore, Md. ; AVashington, D. C; San Francisco, Cal. ; and Seattle, Wash. In November, 1892, the rendezvous at Altoona, Pa., and Port Gibson, Miss., were transferred to Toledo, Ohio, and Memphis, Tenn., respec- tively, and in May, 1893, a rendezvous was opened in Lynchburg, Va. Eeudezvous were closed during the year as follows: At Terre Haute, Ind., and Davenport, Iowa, in February, 1893; at Memi:)his, Tenn., in March, 1893; at Wheeling, W. Va., Fort Wayne, Ind., and Springfield, 111., in May, 1893; and one, each, at Boston and Philadelphia in June, 1893. In connection with the regular rendezvous, temporary branch rendezvous were conducted from time to time, as circumstances required, until August, 1893, when all temporary branches were closea. During the month of August it became necessary, owing to the largely increased number of applicants for enlistment, undoubtedly due, in a great measure, to the general business depression, to place restrictions upon recruiting for the general service and to instruct the recruiting officers in the various cities to make careful selection, from the best class ol applicants, of the most promising material, with a view to securing an exceptionally fine class of recruits. INDIAN ENLISTMENTS. The whole number of Indian soldiers enlisted up to June 30, 1893, was 963, of whom 126 were enlisted during the fiscal year ending with that date. During the past year the members of four Indian companies whose organization had not been completed have been discharged and these Indian organizations discontinued. A number of other discharges of Indian soldiers have also been made for various causes under the provisions of existing law. There are now in service 15 Indian com- panies, viz: 6 troops of cavalry and 9 companies of infantry. * * * * * *"* EespectfuUy submitted. E. Williams, Adjutant- General. Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield, Commanding the Army. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 309 EEPORT OF THE ADJUTANT-GEXEEAL. War Department, Adjutant-Ge>-eral's Office, Washington, October 3, 1893. Sir : I have the honor to submit ray annual report for the year ended September 1, 1893. military colleges. An examiuation of the data in the tabuhited statement submitted herewith, compiled from the reports of the ofiicers detailed as pro- fessors of military science and tactics at the several institutions enu- merated, aftbrds convincing evideuce of the steadily increasing favor with which the American people regard an intelligent and judicious blending of military instruction and exercises with the scholastic course of studies. This gratifying growth of popular interest will be best shown by the following comparison of the results of the past scholastic year with those of the two preceding years : Average number of students over 15 years of age: 1890-'91 15,717 1891-'92 18,484 1892-'93 21,438 Average unmber of students under 15 years of age : 1890-'91 820 1891-'92 710 1892-'93 .- 2, 190 Total average attendance : 1890-'91 16,537 1891-'92 19,194 1892-93 23,628 Whole number of male students capable of military duty: 1890-'91 12,301 1891-'92 15, 184 1892-'93 17, 519 Number required to be enrolled as military students : 1890-'91 7, 487 1891-'92 8,098 1892-'93 8,943 Total number that received military instruction during the last quarter: 1890-'91 7,366 1891-'92 9,012 1892-'93 10, 790 While the above figures show that — as proper in a country which relies, in time of public danger, on its citizen soldiery — the educational centers selected are becoming more and more important factors in insuring the greatest efficiency of that important branch of the military service, the system can only reach its full development when at all institutions securing a detail the rule is made imperative that every male physically capable shall be enrolled as a military student. In this connection it is noticed that at seven of the colleges enrollment is purely optional, and it is hardly strange, therefore, that at one of the institutions the military professor is constrained to report the interest manifested by the faculty (with one exception) as simply passive. To further disseminate these benefits it is believed that instruction now provided for colleges should be extended to the "high schools" of our large cities, and itls recommended that legislation authorizing the detail of twenty-five additional oflBcers for the purpose be enacted. The advantages to both the service and the people are too manifest to require argument. At institutions where the total average attendance of pupils is below 310 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 40 and more tliau OTie-tliird of the number is composed of boys under 15 years of age, it would seem evident that, regardless of the ambi- tious title of the school or of the degree of interest in military duties manifested by both pupils and faculty, the practical benefit resulting from the assignment thereat of a military professor is not at all com- mensurate with the means afforded. Asthe usual length of a collegiate course of studies is four years, there are cogent reasons for fixing that term as the length of the tour of duty of officers detailed as professors of military science and tactics, and I beg to recommend its adoption. It would, moreover, conform to the general rule governing the details of officers on special duty. ******* Eespectfully submitted. E. Williams, Adjutant- General. Hon. Daniel S. Laimont, Secretary of War. EEPOET OF THE ACTING JUDGE- ADVOCATE GENEEAL. Wae Department, JupaE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL'S OFFICE, Washington, 2). C, September 28, 1893. Hon. Daniel S. Lamont, Secretary of War: Sir: I have the honor to submit the annual report of the Judge- Advocate-General's Department for the year ending August 31, 1893. Commissioued officers tried by general court-martial — Records repoi'ted upon and submitted to tbe Secretary of War for action of the President 3 Records received, revised, and recorded, not requiring the action of the President (acquitted, 1; convicted, 5) 6 Enlisted men tried by general court-martial (convicted, 2,015 ; acquitted, 162) . 2, 177 Military convicts tried by general court-martial (convicted) 12 Total trials by general court-martial 2, 198 Trials by general court-martial — Year ending August 31, 1892 2, 226 Year ending August 31, 1893 2,198 Decrease 28 Cases apparently brought before general courts-martial with a view to dis- charge on proof of five or more prior convictions — Year ending August 31, 1892 2.51 Year ending August 31, 1893 356 Increase over last year 105 Trials for fraudulent enlistment alone — Y'ear ending August 31, 1892 Y'ear ending August 31, 1893 64 Increase over last year 61 Decrcascof trials this year as compared with last, leaving out trials with a view to discharge on proof of prior convictions and trials for fraudulent enlist- ment 197 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 311 Kiimber of coiivictions of different offences, taken from tlie records of general courts-martial received at tliis office during the year ending August 31, 1893 : Sixteenth Article of War — Wasting ammimition 1 Seventeeutli Article of War — Losing clothing 46 Losing Government property 38 Selling clothing 46 Selling Government property 1 Twent i eth Article of War- Disrespect to commanding officer ■ 15 Twenty-first Article of War — Attempting to strike superior officer 3 Disobeying superior officer 86 TAventy -fourth Article of War — Disobeying non-commissioned officer quelling a fray. 3 Drawing weapon upon non-commissioned officer quelling a fray 1 Thirty-first Article of War — Lying out of qiiarters 4 Thirty-second Article of War — Absence without leave 463 Thirty-third Article of War — Failure to attend drill, roll call, etc 200 Thirty-eighth Article of War — Drunkenness on duty 137 Thirty-ninth Article of War- Quitting post 34 Sleeping on i)OSt 36 Fortieth Article of War — Quitting guard - 28 Forty-seventh Article of Vv'ar — Desertion 521 Fifty-first Article of War — Advising soldier to desert 2 Fifty-fifth Article of War- Destroying private property : 2 Sixtieth Article of War — Duplication of pay vouchers 2 Embezzlement t* Forgery 1 Frauds 5 Larceny 1" Selling Government property - 2 Sixty-first Article of War — Duplication of pay vouchers 2 Sixty-second Article of Vrar — Absence without leave, not chargeable under the Thirty-second Article of War - 17 Aiding soldier to desert - 1 Alhjwing prisoner to escajje 15 Assault 20 Assault and battery 137 Assault witli dangerous or deadly weapon 49 Assault with intent to kill 15 Attempt at suicide 1 Attempting to desert 1 Attempting to escape from military prison 1 Breach of arrest 61 Counnitting a nuisance 20 Disobej'ing commissioned officer 54 Disobej'ing non-commissioned ofliccr 221 Disobeying sentinel ^ Disposing of clothing _4 Disrespect to superior officer 53 312 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Sixty-second Article of War — Continued. Drunkenness 205 Drunkenne.ss, etc., causing arrest, etc., by civil autlioritics 23 Duplication of pay accounts 1 Embezzlement 3 Escaping from guard or arrest 13 Escaping from military prison 9 False swearing 3 Figbting 10 Forgery 6 Fraudulent enlistment 89 Indecent exposure of person 3 Insubordinate conduct towards non-commissioned officer 98 Larceny 89 Malingering 6 Neglect of duty 99 Perjury 3 Resisting arrest 62 Selling, losing, or wasting Government proiierty 4 Tbreateniug to strike sniierior officer 1 Uttering forged paper 4 Disorders, etc., cbarged as "conduct to tbe prejudice of good order and military discipline" (not included under previous beads) 572 ******* The mimber of trials by inferior courts-martial for the eleven montlis ending August 31, 1892, was 10,670, as against 14,988 for the year covered by this report, showing a decrease of probably over 3,000 cases this year as compared Avith the corresponding period last year. Attention is invited to the accompanying reports of the judge-advo- cates of departments, which contain valuable information. Very resx)ectfully, your obedient servant, G. Norman Lieber, Acting Judge- Advocate- General. EEPORT OF THE QUARTERMASTER-GENEEAL. Quarter^iaster-General's Office, Washington, D. C, September 14, 1S93. Sir: I have the honor to submit the annual report of the Quarter- master's Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893 : CLOTHING AND EQUIPAGE SUPPLIES. The suTA appropriated for the past liscal year for the purchase and manufacture of clothing and equipage was $1,200,000. There was placed to the credit of this approi)riation the sum of $215,150.19 on account of issues of clothing and equipage to the militia and $110,011.63 from sales to officers, etc., making a total of $1,525,701.82. Of this sum $1,301,285.23 was paid out during the fiscal year, leav- ing a balance on hand June 30, 1893, of $224,470.59, which will be required to meet outstanding obligations. The issues to the militia of the several States and Territories during the fiscal year amounted to $219,893.24. The following issues were made during the fiscal year, which, with REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 313 the sales credited to miscellaneous receipts, represent a total loss to the clothing approiiriation : For prisoners' clothing, &c., military prison, Fort Leavenworth, Kans .. $1, 586. 11 For prisoners' clothing, Alcatraz Island, Cal 1, 227. 19 To the militia of the District of Columbia 6, 565. 60 To the Indian prisoners of war, Mount Vernon barracks, Ala 4, 877. 27 Sale of leather cuttings at military prison, Fort Leavenworth, Kans., pro- ceeds credited to miscellaneous receipts 258. 32 Sale of condemned clothing and equipage, &c., proceeds credited to mis- cellaneous receipts 9, 442. 47 Total 23,956.96 By authority of the Secretary of War there was transferred to the Supervising Surgeon-General of the Marine-Hospital Service, for the cholera quarantine station at Sandy Hook, New Jersey, 400 tents, from those purchased for use of the sufferers from the overflow of the Mississippi Elver, under act of Congress approved March 31, 1890. Orders were also given to transfer 200 tents to the Marine-Hospital Service for the establishment of an emigTant detention camj) on Fisherman's Island. Total cost of all these tents was $4,920. ******* IRREGULARITIES OF CUT AND MAKE IN CLOTHIQ. Just criticism has been i^assed, both in and out of the Army, upon the wide differences existing in the size and cut of clothing worn by enlisted men. All "made-up" clothing issued is of standard uniform pattern, but the practice of issuing uniform supplies "unmade" results either in the uniforms being made up according to the erratic and changeable caprice of some easily accessible tailor, or more frequently, it would appear, in allowing the varying fancy or uneducated taste of the soldier to assert itself. The result is a lack of uniformity, unpleasing alike to the mili- tary and to the civilian. Thus one may see in nearly every company in the Army, as well as on our streets in cities and towns, both close-fitting and loose blouses and coats; while individual tastes in trousers run the gamut from the skin-tight variety, with swelling "hoodlum" or "bowery'* bottoms, to those of exaggerated, sailor-like proportions. The effect upon the beholder of this grotesque exliibition is not pleas- ant, and, if no other remedy can be found for this departure from regu- lar standards, it is respectfully suggested that the issue of unmade clothing be suspended altogether. The Quartermaster's Department furnishes twelve diiferent sizes in trousers of uniform cut, and there need be no difiiculty in fitting every enlisted man. _ SUPERIORITY OF HORSES. The horses purchased for the cavalry and artillery of the Army dur- ing the year have been of an unusually good quality, while the. prices paid have been reasonable. From all information obtainable it is known that, in the character of its mount, our Army is now superior to that of any other. IMPROVED AMBULANCES. One hundred ambulances of an improved pattern have been con- structed under contract and are now ready for issue. These ambu- 314 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE lances meet the requirements of the service more fully than any hereto- fore supplied. * ^^ # * ^ t- * REGULAR SUPPLIES. During the fiscal year, 892 cavalry and 83 artillery horses were purchased at an aggregate cost of -SllOjOlo.SS, and also 33 team horses and 552 mules, costing $96,708.20. At the close of the last fiscal year there were on hand G,047 cavalry and artillery horses, 293 team horses, and 3,981 mules. The sum of 8123,355.60 was expended for heating and lighting; $105,821.12 for illuminating supplies; $3,875.77 for veterinary supplies; $12,155.73 for wagons, carts, etc.; 868,928.25 for stoves, ranges and extra parts; $11,232.27 for horse and mule shoes, horseshoe nails, and shoeing tools; $3,439.23 for post bakeries, schools, and gardens; and $4,359.96 for tableware and kitchen utensils. There was manufactured at the military prison, Fort Leavenworth, Kans., during the year, furniture for stoves and ranges, costing $6,2(J0.73; harness, costing $13,983.90, and mess tables, benches, stools, company field desks, and rope mats, costing $1,552.65. IMLLITARY POSTS. Congress, by act approved August 5, 1892, appropriated the sum of $400,000 "for the construction of buildings at aud the enlargement ot such military posts as, in the judgment of the Secretary of War, may be necessary," and with the balance of $90,820.96, remaining on hand from previous appropriations, together with the sum of $25,000 from ]>re\aous allotments for construction at Fort Wayne and Fort Sam Houston, au aggregate of $515,820.96 was available during the fiscal year for the purpose above stated. Of this sum the following apportionment was made: Fort Brady, ]VIicli $52, 122. 05 j Columbus Barracks, Ohio ... $2, 523. 65 Fort Sber'idan, 111 46,569.73 Miscellaneous exiieuditures at various posts 3, 930. 85 Balance on hand June 30, 1893 120,397.30 Total 515,820.96 Fort McKinuey, Wyo 50, 000. 00 Fort Ethan Allen, Vt 77, 222. 50 Madison Barracks, N. Y 13, 298. 49 Fort Crook, Nebr 87, 458. 70 Fort Bliss, Tex 52, 894 .02 Fort Sam Houston, Tex 9, 403. 67 i A number of the buildings authorized at the posts above mentioned have been completed, and others are in course of erection or contracted for. PERMANENT BUILDINGS AT MILITARY POSTS. Considerations of military efficiency and economy having dictated the policy of drawing in many of the small detachments of the Army, and concentrating them at points commanding extensive lines of com- •munication, the result has been the establishment of several large military posts and the abandonment, either actual or contemi)lated, of a number of smaller and more isolated ones. In all places which gave promise of permanency, it has been the aim of this department, as a measure of true economy, to construct build- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 315 ings of stone, brick or other enduriug material; of solid and stable workmanship, and of as agreeable and dignified an appearance as is consistent with the use for which they are intended. Great care has been taken in the preparation of plans for these bnildings, both for officers and men, not only as regards suitability and convenience, but with sx^ecial care to the best and most api^roved sanitary requirements and appliances. It is believed that, in all these resi)ects, as well as architecturally, they more than favorably compare with similar military structures in other countries. In order that this work may be carried on economically and to the best advantage, permanency considered, it is earnestly hox^ed that Congress will make liberal appropriations therefSr. CONSOLIDATED MESSES AND ]MESS HALLS. "Mess halls have been erected and are in use at the following posts, viz : Fort Bliss, Fort Brady, Davids Island, Jefferson Barracks, Fort Mc- Pherson, Plattsburg Barracks, Fort Biley, Fort Sam Houston, Fort Sheridan, and Fort Thomas. In addition, the consolidated mess has been established at Fort Myer, Key West Barracks, Fort Schuyler, Fort Warren, and Willets Point; accommodations already existing at these posts having been supplemented by this Department, so that the common mess is conveniently carried on. Like all changes in system, the consolidated mess has its critics as well as defenders. In some instances there has been an ap]>arently unreasoning prejudice on the part of those charged with its supervision, which has impaired its usefulness and delayed success. It is proper to state, however, that the majority of commanding officers at posts where the system has been fairly tried accord it high praise. Wliile it seems to be satisfactorily established that the consolidated mess is excellentlj^ adapted for the needs of large posts, no further extension is recommended until time and further trial have removed the objections brought against it. Among its advantages may be clearly recognized vastly better cook- ing tban is possible in the company mess, an economy in material which results in substantial saving in the ration — a saving which all goes to the improvement of the table — and the consequent betterment of the soldier's condition. The introduction of better and more scientific cooking in the consol- idated mess, through the medium of trained cooks, for whose employ- ment provision should be made by Congress, will result, it is believed, in the gradual adoption throughout the Army of improved methods ot preparing food and in the soldier being better fed and, as a conse- quence, n.ore healthj^ and contented. FORT MYER TV^ATER SUPPLY. The estimates of last year contained an item for supplying Fort Mj-er with water, by making connection at Georgetown with the largo main of the Washington Aqueduct. This having failed to receive the approval of Congress, and the neces- sity for an iniinediate increase in the water supply for the garrison being imperative, the honorable Secretary of War directed that water be taken from the Potomac Eiver, at the south end of the Aqueduct Bridge, whence it is forced through G-inch iron pipes into tanks at the post. This arrangement is not entirely satisfactory, and it is hoped that 316 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Congress will authorize a connection witli tlie large main of tlie Wasli- ington Aqneduct, in accordance with the original plan, which met the full approval of the Chief of Eugiuecrs, and was strongly urged by the Surgeon-General of the Army. The connection can be very easily made, and at slight expense. Tlie daily consumption of water by the 230 officers and soldiers of the garrison (probably within 40,000 gallons) would be relatively so small as to be insignificantj so far as regards the demand it would make upon the Washington Aqueduct. Owing to the situation of the post, it has been practically impossible to procure a supply of pure water in any other manner, every kuowu method having been exhausted. RESERVATIONS. The following reservations or parts thereof have been transferred to the Interior Department for disposition under the act of Congress approved July 5, 1884: Acres. Oklalioma, Okia 160 St Marks, Fla 50 Fort Thomas, Ariz 10,487 A tract of land containing 5.516 acres was set aside by letter of the Secretary of the Interior of May 11, 1893, for a hospital site at Fort Yellowstone, Wyo., adjoining the tract of 22.5 acres i^reviously set aside for military purposes. By authority of the President of May 4, 1893, a tract of 700 acres, more or less, was reserved for military purposes on Anastasia Island, contiguous to St. Augustine, Fla. NOMENCLATURE OF MILITARY POSTS. General Order Xo. 11, of 1832 directed that thereafter all canton- ments should be called "forts." With the lapse of time, however, a contrary practice grew up and, although a partial reform was instituted by General Order 79, of 1878, certain anomalies still exist in the nomen- clature of our military posts which might well be corrected, for the sake of uniformity and propriety'. A very large number of military posts have been named from the locality where they are placed, some of which, like Angel Island, Alca- traz Island, Davids Island, San Carlo?, and Willets Point, are not dig- nified by any military appellation which is distinctive. A few posts bear the names of Indian tribes distingui.shed neither for friendliness nor other good qualities. We have a in-esidio (Si)anish place of defense, garrison, or guard- house), which is a relic of the days of easy conquest. We have named posts after Presidents and princes, general officers and lieutenants, Christian saints and heathen sinners, Spaniards, rrei'.climen, and Engli.shmen, who were in no way distinguished in, or connected with, the civil or military service of the United States; Avhite men and Indians, cities, towns and villages; after mountain peaks and valleys, and river forks and creeks; the greater number being without significance or dignity. There are still some fifteen permanent posts known as "barracks," a term erroneously applied to a military ix)st which must of necessity comprise a variety of buildings and quarters for officers, as well as barracks for enlisted men. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 317 It is respectfully suggested tliat the order of 1878 be amended so as to reserve to the Secretary of War the naming of military posts, and to prescribe the prefix "Fort" for all jDcrmanent posts; that the title "barracks" be dropped, and that all purely local names be eliminated from the nomenclature of military posts. A desire to honor the names of brave soldiers has been shown in a few instances. Kiley, Clark, Bnford, Sill, Kobinson, Crook, Whipple, and others were thus honored, while Grant, Sheridan, Thomas, McPlier- son, Meade, and Sherman have been remembered, and the distinguished Hancock's name has been given to a minor temi)orary post in Texas. But there remains on the roll of honor a g,alaxy of names from Avhich to select; names borne by departed heroes distinguished for brilliant and grand achievements in the service of the Kepublic. What names more appropriate could be bestowed upon the different military posts of the country! To i)erpetuate the names of sucli men is to keep the memory of their deeds ever in the minds of our officers and soldiers. The following list of military posts is respectfully submitted for con- sideration in this connection: Alcatraz Island. Mount Vernon Barracks. Angel Island. Fort Niobrara. Fort Apache. Fort Pembina. Fort Assinniboine. Plattsburg Barracks. Fort Barrancas. Presidio of San Francisco. Boise Barracks. St. Francis Barracks. Benicia Barracks. San Carlos. Columbus Barracks. San Diego Barracks. DavidsTeland. Fort Spokane. Fort Duchesne. Fort Supply. Eagle Pass. Vancouver Barracks. Fort Huacliuca. Fort Walla Walla. Jackson Barracks. Fort Washakie. Jefl'ersou Barracks. Washington Barracka. Key West Barracks. - Whipple Barracks. Madison Barracks. Willets Point. Fort Missoula. NATIONAL CEMETERIES. The military cemetery at Santa Fe, N. Mex., having been declared a national cemetery by the Secretary of War on September 10, 1892, increased the number of such cemeteries at the close of the year to eighty-three, with seventy-three superintendents. During the fiscal year 0,168 white marble headstones were provided to mark tlie graves of Union soldiers, sailors, and marines buried in national, post, city, and village cemeteries. Eei)airs have been made during the fiscal year to the lodges, out- buildings, inclosing vralls, walks, water supply, and drain;)ge, etc., at all of tlie cemeteries, and the grounds kept in good order. Contracts have been made for the erection of ncAv brick outbuildings to replace old wooden structures in the national cemeteries at Fort Leavenworth, Kans., Soldiers' Home, District of Columbia, and Cul- peper and Yorktown, Va. ; also for a stone outbuilding in the Grafton, W. Va., national cemetery. At the Arlington, Va., nati(mal cemetery the mansion and outbuild- ings have been repaired, and the grounds, drives, drainage, and water supply kept in proper order. Additional drainage and catch basins have been provided for the roadway in the new addition, and a grano- lithic foot walk laid from the western entrance to connect with the pave- ment heretofore constructed around the mansion. A contract has also been made for the construction of a receiving vault. 318 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Arrangements have been made with the Cave Hill Cemetery Company, of Louisville, Ky., for the transfer to the United States of a piece of land containing- 15,931 square feet, more or less, situated between sec- tions 15 and G of the Cave Hill ISTational Cemetery grounds, and in which upwards of 200 bodies of Union soldiers were buried in 1868, when removed from the battlefields in that vicinity. The approach to the national cemetery at Chalinette, La., has been practically demolished for the distance of 1,875 feet to make room for a new levee which was constructed during the past winter by the Engi- neer Department. ,At the Custer Battlefield, Mont., national cemetery, the post and wire fence inclosing the ccTuetery reservation has been put in thorough repair, and one large gate, with arch, and one small one (turnstile) con- structed. Four hundred and seventy-five headstones have been reset in brick and cement, and the "Custer monument" repaired. In conse- quence of the improtected condition of the cemetery, visitors and relic- hunters have almost entirely destroyed the headstone marking the place where Gen. Custer fell. It is contemiilated to permanently inclose with a brick or stone wall and improve a part of the reservation for ceme- terial purposes and to erect a superintendent's lodge. Since the close of the fiscal year a superintendent has been placed in charge of this cemetery. At the Gettysburg, Pa., national cemetery, the monument erected by the State of iSTew York in memory of the dead of that State who fell in the battle of Gettysburg, July, 1SG3, has been completed. The monu- ment was dedicated, with appropriate ceremonies, on Jidy 2,' 1893, the thirtieth anniversary of the battle., At the San Francisco, Cal., national cemetery, a granite monument, surmounted by a statue representing a soldier at '•i>arade rest," erected in the cemetery by Geo. H. Thomas' Post No. 2, G. A. E., was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies on Memorial Day, May 30. The sum of $5,030.45 was expended during the past fiscal year in necessary repairs to roadways to national cemeteries which have been constructed by special authority of Congress. INACCESSIBILITY OF ARLINGTON PARK AND NATIONAL CEMETERY. Very large sums have been appropriated by Congress for the con- struction of roads to cemeteries, more or less nniihportant, in various parts of the country ; but a like generous care has not been bestowed upou Arlington, the most important of all. The Arlington Heights grounds contain 1,100 acres, with a frontage of about 1 mile on the Poto- mac. They constitute one of the grandest and most beautifid parks in the country, the national cemetery occupying about one fifth of the in- closure. In addition to its historical associations, the park abounds in rare natural beanty, and has been most carefully kept and im- proved. Few cities have so fine a park contiguous to their borders. Arlington Cemetery, wliere so many heroes lie buried, has in a large measure become, like Great Britain's Westminster Abbej^, the nation's "Walhalla." Consecrated as it is to our illustrious dead, with its stately and expressive monuments commemorative of the deeds of I)atriots, its hallowed associations and its lessons appeal strongly to all visitors to the nation's capital. But the journey thither, by a roundabout way, over roads controlled by local authorities, which arc rough at all times, and frequently well-nigh unx)assable, is not only REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 319 tetlioiis and uncomfortable, but involves au expenditure of time and money which deters great numbers from undertaking- it. A bridge over the Potomac at or about the terminus of IS'ew York avenue, near Observatory Hill, would furnish a short and direct route to the park and cemetery, and would in fact bring them to our very doors. But the park and cemetery are not alone to be considered. As a means of direct and rapid communication between the capital and the Important military post of Fort Myer, which adjoins the park on the north, the value, in a military sense, of a bridge at tins point can not be overestimated. Such a bridge would also practically join this beautifvd park to the large area of reclaimed lands on the river, all of which is to form one grand park. Plans for such a bridge have been prepared by the Engineer Department, and its construction is urged as a necessity. It is respectfully recommended that Congress be re- quested to make an appropriation therefor. GETTYSBURG BATTLEFIELD. Under the acts of Congress approved March 3, 1887, October 2,1888, and March 2, 1889, authorizing and directing the acquirement of land for sites for monuments or tablets to mark the positions occupied by organizations of the Regular Army on the Gettysburg Battlefield, a survey of the field has been made, the positions of the various com- mands designated on the ground, and the title papers for the purchase of the sites are now nearly perfected. These sites are generally about 25 feet square, with an approach thereto from the nearest public high- way. Contracts have been made for furnishing and putting in place 40 cast-iron tablets with suitable inscriptions, and 25 iron gun carriages to mark these x)ositiaus. This work is now in x^rogress. ANTIETAM BATTLEFIELD. The agents appointed by the honorable Secretary of War to carry out the provisions of the acts of Congress approved August 30, 1890, August 5, 1892, and March 3, 1893, in surveying, locating, and pre- serving the lines of battle of the Army of the Potomac and of the Army of Northern Virginia, at Antietam, have reported to this oflice that the work of locating the lines of battle of the armies referred to has pro- gressed favorably during the past fiscal year, and that a series of three maps marking the lines of battle arc underway; that the positions of the batteries of both armies have been generally determined upon and a map thereof is being i)repared. The agents furtlier report that they have interviewed a number of farmers owning land upon which tablets are to be placed, and found that they are unwilling to sell their laud directly, preferring that the same be condemned and api)raised bj" a commission appointed by a United States court. HALL OF RECORDS. For many years several of the heads of Departments have made earnest recommendations to Congress to provide for the erection of a suitable fireproof building in this city, wherein could be hied the greater portion of the vast accumulation of vouchers and other valuable papers. These files, aggregating an enormous mass of papers, encumber the Department buildings, occupying valuable sixice costing millions of dol- lars which ought to be available for office purposes, and besides, in sev- 320 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE f eval of tlie buildings -wliere stored, their great weight is a constant menace to the safety of the structures and to the lives of the employes. lu 1880, Maj. Gen. Meigs, then Quartermaster-General, urgently pre- sented the necessity for such a building, and submitted a complete plan for a suitable structure to cost $L'00,000. The ])lan is on file in this Department. The crowded condition of the Executive Departments, especially of the War Dej^artment, where a large number of costly rooms are packed with vouchers and other valuable papers from iioor to ceiling, and the constant increase in rented premises necessary to accommodate the business of the Government, would seem to i)oint to the x)rGsent as a suitable time for the consideration of this important matter. EECORDS. The "card system" of keeping the records of the office has continued satisfactorily during the past fiscal year, and the current work has been transacted with promptness. Very respectfully, Hon. Daniel S. Lamont, Secretary of War. # « # E. N. Batchelder, Quartermaster- General, U. S. Army. G. Quartermaster-General's Office, Washington, B. C, July 19, 1893. General: I have the honor to submit the following report, pertain- ing to the national military cemeteries, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893: At the commencement of the year there were eighty-two national cemeteries. On September 10, 1802, the military cemetery at Santa Fe, N. Mex., embracing the site of the present post cemetery at Fort Marcy, N. Mex., was declared by the Secretary of War a national cen^etery of the fourth class, under the act ot February 22, 1867, and designated as the Santa Fe, N. Mex., National Cemetery, making the number at the close of the year eighty-three. luterraents to June 30, 1893 : Known 181,842 Unknown 149,913 Tota) 331,755 At the commencement of the year there were seventy-three superin- tendents in service. During the year four others have been appointed, two have been discharged, and two died, leaving seventy-three in serv- ice at the close of the year. Ilemovals of remains of officers and enlisted men have been made from abandoned posts to other posts or national cemeteries, as follows, viz: From Fort Klamath, Oregon, Fort Colville, Wash., Lava Beds, Cal., Tubac and Old Camp Grant, Ariz., to the San Francisco (Cal.) National Cemetery. From Fort ])owner, Kans., and Fort Randall, S. Dak., to the Fort Leavenworth (Kans.) National Cemetery. From the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Park to the Chattanooga, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 321 (Tenn.) ISTational Cemetery. From the Columbia Arsenal, Teun., to tlie Kasliville (Tenu.) National Cemetery. From Kenesaw JMountaiu, Georgia, to tlie Marietta (Ga.) National Cemetery. From Morris Is- land, South Carolina, to the Beaufort (S. C.) National Cemetery. From the Cheyenne depot, Wyoming, to the post cemetery at Fort D. A. Ptussell, Wyo.; and from the military reservation at Fort Thomas, Ky., to the Soldiers' Lot, in the Evergreen Cemetery, Ne-Avport, Ky. Eemains of other United States soldiers, discovered from time to time in out of the way places, have also been removed to the nearest national cem- etery. Headstones. — During the year 9,1G8 white marble headstones to mark the graves of Union soldiers, sailors, and marines buried in national, post, city, and village cemeteries were provided from the appropriations for that purpose. This completed the contract for 15,000 headstones made September 5, 1891, with Messrs. Gross Bros*, Lee, Mass., and on June 27, 1893, another contract for 10,000 headstones was awarded to the same persons. Outbuildings. — During the latter part of the year contracts were made for the erection of new brick outbuildings to be constructed in accord- ance with plans and specifications prepared in this office, to replace the old wooden structures in the national cemeteries at Fort Leavenworth (Kans.) Soldiers' Home, District of Columbia and Culpeper, and York- town, Va., and for a stone outbuilding of similar design in the Grafton (W. Va.) National Cemetery. A contract was also made for the construction of a receiving vault in the Arlington (Va.) National Cemetery. Rostrums. — A contract was made for supplying the iron work required for the superstructures of permanent rostrums to be erected in the Annapolis (Md.), Yorktown ( Va.), Fort Donelson (Tenn.), and Fayette- ville (Ark.) national cemeteries. The work of constructing the founda- tions for and erecting the superstructures to be commenced at an early date after the close of the fiscal year. Flagstaffs. — During the year iron flagstaflfs (Nelson patent), 75 feet in length^ have been erected in the Alexandria, Culpeper, and Danville (Va.), and Grafton (W. Va.) national cemeteries, and one 100 feet in length in the Natchez (Miss.) National Cemetery. Wooden flagstafis have been erected in the Fort Scott (Kans.), Lebanon (Ky.), Little Itock (Ark.), and New Albany (Ind.) national cemeteries and in the soldiers' lot in the city cemetery at Baxter Springs, Kans., and a contract made for the erection of one in the Danville (Ky.) National Cemetery at an early date. Memorial day, May 30. — Appropriate services were held in nearly all the national cemeteries, and the graves decorated as usual. At the Alexandria (Va.) National Cemetery necessary repairs have been made to the lodge, outbuildings, water supply, and drainage; a part of the inclosing wall at the entrance of the cemetery reconstructed and provided with a pair of ornamental wronght-iron drive and walk gates and the approach to the cemetery put in good condition. At the Arlington (Va.) National Cemetery repairs have been made to the mansion and outbuildings, and tbe grounds, drives, drainage, and water supply kept in good order. Additional drainage and catch basins have been lorovided for the roadway in the new addition, and a granolithic foot walk laid from the western entrance, to connect with the pavement heretofoie constructed around the mansion. At the Brownsville (Tex.) National Cemetery necessary repairs have Ab. 93 21 322 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE been made to the lodge, and the posts of the fence inclosing the cem- etery renewed. At the Cave Hill (Ky.) IsTational Cemetery the ontbnilding has been repaired. Arrangements have been made with the Cave Hill Cem- etery Company, of Louisville, Ky., for the transfer to the United States of a piece of land containing 15,934 square feet, more or less, situated between sections B and C of the national cemetery grounds, and in which upwards of 200 bodies of Union soldiers were buried in 1808, when removed from the battlefields in the vicinity. At the Chalmette (La.) National Cemetery the necessary repairs have been made to the lodge, outbuildings, etc. The approach to tlie cemetery has been practically demolished for the distance of 1,875 feet to make room for a new levee wliich was con- structed during the past winter by the Engineer Department, U. S. Army. It is understood that the work is to be continued next season. At the City Point (Va.) National Cemetery the lodge has been thor- oughly repaired, and the grounds, water supply, and drainage put in order. At the Custer Battlefield (Montana) National Cemetery the post and wire fence inclosing the cemetery reservation has been put in thox'ough re])air, and one large gate with arch and one small one (turnstile) con- structed. Four hundred and seventy-five headstones have been reset in brick and cement, and the monument erected in memory of Gen. Custer and the officers and men who fell with him June 25, 1876, has been repaired. In consequence of the unprotected condition of the cemetery, visitors and relic hunters have almost entirely destroyed the marble headstone marking the place wliere Gen. Custer fell. It is contemplated to permanently inclose with a brick or stone wall and improve a part of the reservation for cemeterial purposes, and to erect a sui)erintendent's lodge, the plans and specifications for which have been prepared and the necessary appropriation requested. Since the close of the fiscal year a superiuteudent has been placed in charge of this cemetery. At the Danville (Va.) National Cemetery about 50 feet of the inclos- ing wall has been taken down and rebuilt. By direction of the Secretary of War, and in compliance with the request of the authorities of that city, a strip of land 36 feet wide, belonging to the United States, outside the inclosing wall on the east side of the national cemetery, was left open as an entrance to the colored cemetery adjoining the national cemetery on the south side, said authori- ties having agreed to grade the ground as a street and keep the same in good condition. At the Fayctteville (Ark.) National Cemetery necessary repairs were made to the lodge, outbuildings, and water supply, and a part of the inclosing wall repointed. The approach to the cemetery has been repaired, the ditches cleaned out, and 17 linear yards of new stone cul- vert constructed. At the Gettysburg (Pa.) National Cemetery the monument erected by the State of New York in memory of the dead of that State who fell in the battle of Gettysburg, July, 1863, has been completed. The monument was dedicated witli appropriate ceremonies on July 2, 1893, the thirtieth anniversary of the battle. Fully 10,000 persons were present. A])propriate addresses were made by the governors of the States of New York and Pennsylvania, and by other distinguished persons. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 323 At the Hampton (Va.) National Cemetery the erection of the inclos- ing wall of the addition to the cemetery, commenced during the last fiscal year, has been completed. At t::e Keokuk (Iowa) ]Sational Cemetery necessary repairs were made to the lodge, outbuildings, etc., and the wrought iron picket fence (about 1,500 feet) repainted. At the Memphis (Tenn.) National Cemetery the lodge has been thor- oughly repaired and painted, all obstructions removed from the drain- pipes,\^nd the pipes relaid in cement; 5 silt basins were entirely rebuilt and the remainder repaired. At the Mexico City National Cemetery the lodge and inclosing wall have been repaired. In consequence of the limited space remaining for interments in that cemetery, it has been deemed advisable to restrict the interments to those positively known to be American citizens. At the Mill Springs (Ky.) National Cemetery repairs were made to the lodge, a new picket fence erected, and the water supply improved by sinking a well. At the Philadelphia (Pa.) National Cemetery the lodge and out- buildings were repaired, the inclosing wall repointed where necessary, and the windmill connected wiih the water supply repaired. At the Richmond (Va.) National Cemetery a new brick outbuilding has been erected, and the necessary repairs made to the lodge, inclos- ing wall, and drainage. At the Rock Island (111.) National Cemetery the inclosing fence (iron) and the speaker's stand have been thoroughly repaired and j)ainted, and the grounds cleaned up and put in good order. At the San Francisco (Cal.) National Cemetery the grounds and walks have been jn^oiierly cared for and are in good condition. The water suiiply is sufficient for iiresent needs. A gianite monument, surmounted by a statue representing a soldier at " parade rest," erected in the cemetery by George H. Thomas Post No. 2, G. A. R., was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies on Memo- rial day, May 30. At the Stone River (Tenn.) National Cemetery the lodge, outbuild- ings, inclosing wall, drainage, and grounds have been put in good order. The Hazen Brigade lot has been cleaned up and the grass neatly cut on the graves. At the Woodlawn (N. Y.) National Cemetery 241 linear feet of stone flagging, 5 feet wide, was laid on the Davis street front, and the drain- age improved by removing stones from the bed of the creek which forms the southern boundary of the cemetery. At other national cemeteries repairs have been made to the lodges outbuildings, and the grounds properly cared for. Soldiers^ lots. — The inclosing fence of the soldiers' lot in the Baxter Springs (Kansas) city cemeterj^ has been repainted and a new wooden flagstaff erected. Indigent soldiers. — Under the acts of Congress — deficiency, approved July 28, 1892, and sundry civil, approved August 5, 1892 — making appropriations "for expenses of burying in Arlington National Ceme- tery, or in the cemeteries of the District of Columbia, indigent ex-Union soldiers, sailors, and marines of the late civil war wlio die in the Dis- trict of Columbia," accounts have been paid dnring the fiscal year for the burial of 43 such persons at a total cost of $1,872.50. Boadivays. — The roadway from the Mound City National Cemetery to Mounds Junction, on the Illinois Central Railroad, in Pulaski County, 111,, a distance of 14,469 feet, for the construction of which an appro- 324 • PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE pi'iation of $10,000 was made by act (sundry civil) approved Marcli 3, 1801, is not yet completed. The work has been delayed by floods and liigli water, bat is now nearly finished. Amount expended to June 30, 1893, $1,139.92. The work of draining and repairing the road to the Hampton (Va.) National Cemetery, under act (sundry civil) approved March 2, 1889, and August 30, 1890, is still awaiting the action of the legislature of Virginia relative to grant of right of way. Under the act (sundry civil) approved August 5, 1892, making an appropriation for repairs to roadways to national cemeteries which have been constructed by special authority of Congress, necessary repairs have been made to the roadways leading to the Alexandria, Ya. Antietam, Md. ; Corinth, Miss.; Culpeper, Va. ; Fayetteville, Ark. Florence, S. C; Fredericksburg, Va. ; Marietta, Ga.j Mound City, 111. Newbern, IsT. C; Port Hudson, La.; Richmond, Va.; Springfield, Mo. Staunton, Va., and Vicksburg, Miss,, national cemeteries. Amount expended during the year, $5,030.45. Momiments or tahlets at Gettysburg. — Under the acts of March 3, 1887, October 2, 1888, and March 2, 1889, authorizing and directing the acquirement of lands for sites for monuments or tablets to mark the positions occupied by organizations of the regular Army on the Get- tysburg battle field, a survey of the field has been made, the positions of the various commands designated on the ground, and the title papers for the purchase of the sites are now nearly perfected. These sites are generally about 25 feet square, with an approach thereto from the nearest public highway. Under date of April 17, 1893, a contract was made for furnishing and putting in place 40 cast-iron tablets, with suitable inscriptions, and 25 iron gun carriages to mark these positions. This work is now in progress. Antietam Board. — The agents appointed by the Secretary of War to carry out the provisions of the acts of Congress (sundry civil) ap- proved August 30, 1890, and August 5, 1892, and March 3, 1893, mak- ing appropriations " for the purposes of surveying, locating, and pre- serving the lines of battle of the Army of the Potomac and of the Army of Northern Virginia at Antietam, etc.," have reported to this office that the work of locating the lines of battle of the Army of the Potomac and of the Army of Northern Virginia at Antietam has progressed favorably. The lines of battle of both armies have been marked on first map, and a second map of a series of three maps is under way. The positions of the batteries of both armies have been generally determined upon, and a map of the same is now being made. The agents further report that they have interviewed a number of the farmers owning land upon which such tablets are to be placed, and found that the parties are unwilling to sell directly, preferring that their land be condemned and appraised by a commission appointed by a United States court. The agents invite attention to the fact that thousands of persons visit the Antietam battle field annually. They state that on some of these fields, notably those in the vicinity of the Dunkard Church, East Woods, and the Bloody Lane, a large number of tablets will be located; and they think in justice to the farmers owning these, fields roadways should be constructed to enable visiters to inspect these tablets with- out trespassing ujion and injuring growing croi)S, etc. . REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 325 A statement showing tlie expenditures on account of tlie national cemeteries during tlie year is submitted lierewith. Very respectfully, M. I. LUDINGTON, Deimty Quartermaster-General^ U. S. Army. The Quartermaster-General, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C. EEPORT OF THE SURGEON-GENERAL. War Department, Surgeon-General's Office, Washington, D. €., September 4, 1893. Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith a statement of disburse- ments made during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, from the appropriation made by act of Congress approved July 16, 1892, for the expenses of the Medical Department of the Army, and tbe balance on hand at the close of said fiscal year, viz : Medical and Hospital Department, 1893 : Appropriated by act approved July 16, 1892 $170, 000. 00 Refunded during tlie year 219. 17 Total to be accounted for 170, 219. 17 Disbursed during tbe year : Medical and bospital supplies $56, 424. 89 Pay of employes 42, 072. 39 Expenses of medical supply depots 158. 42 Medical attendance and medicines 3, 180. 02 Washing at post hospitals 1, 949. 64 Miscellaneous expenses 753. 44 104,538.80 Balance on hand June 30, 1893 65, 680. 37 The whole of this balance remaining on hand at the close of the fiscal year has already been or will be expended in payment for supplies con- tracted for, and for other obligations incurred prior to July 1, 1893. There were furnished to disabled soldiers, seamen and marines dur- ing the year ending June 30, 1893: Trusses 1, 494 Special appliances 230 Artificial legs furnished in kind 15 Artificial arm furnished in kind 1 Artificial hand furnished in kind 1 Apjiaratus for arm furnished in kind : 1 Limbs end apparatus commuted 2, 688 ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM. The total number of specimens received during the fiscal year was 1,038; total number of ST^ecimeus in the Museum June 30, 1893,32,205. ******* KECAPITULATION. Total number of specimens in Museum June 30, 1892 31, 228 Exchanged during tbe year 1 31, 227 Total number received during tbe year 1, 038 Total number in Museum June 30, 1893 32,265 326 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE The followiiii? are some of the more interesting specimens added to the Mnseum collection during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893: (1) A series of embryos, liuman and comparative, nortaal and monstrous. Presented by Dr. F. H. Day, Wanwatosa, Wis. (2) Monstrous human fretus, a peroraelns, witb several accessory spleens, several cysts in tlie mesentery and the kidneys hypertrophied nearly to adult size. Presented by Dr. T. A. R. Koccb, Washington, D. C. (3) An extra-uterine fcetation at two months. Death from rupture and hemorrhage. Presented by Dr. T. C. Smith, Washington, D. C. (i) An extra-uterine fcetation at about fourteen days. Death from rupture and hemorrhage. Presented by Dr. D. S. Lamb, Washington, D. C. (5) Extra-uterine fcetation at five months, removed by laparotomy. Recovery. Presented by Dr. I. S. Stone, Washington, D. C. (6) Extra-uterine fcetation at term, removed by laparotomy. Recovery. Presented by Dr. J. Tabor Johnsom, Washington, D. C. (7) A series of parasites of the horse, pig, ox, and sheep. Received in exchange from Dr. C. W. Stiles, Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture. (8) Sternum, showing eight cartilages on left side. From a white woman, aged 30, who was left-handed. Presented by Dr. D. S. Lamb, of Washington, D. C. (9) Heart showing punctured wound, followed by abscess of interventricular sep- tum which ruptured into the left ventricle. Presented by Assistant Surgeon A. B. Heyl, U. S. Army. (10) Specimen of chronic pericarditis with chalky plates. Presented by Lieut. Col. W. II. Forwood, Deputy Surgeon-General, U. S. Army. (11) Portions of brain from a case of an abscess of brain following a fall. On the supervention of convulsions with paralysis trephining was performed and the abscess emptied. The patient recovered (Medical News, Philadelphia, 1887, Vol. LI, p. 675). Presented by Dr. L. D. Wilson, Wheeling, W. Va. (12) Three specimens showing cancer of brain and dura mater. Presented by Dr. W. P. Carr, Washington, D. C. (13) Specimen showing congenital absence of vermiform appendix. From a soldier. Presented by Lieut. Col. W. H. Forwood, Dcpixty Surgeon-General, U. S. Army. (14) Liver showing congenital syphilitic cirrhosis. From a white boy, aged 16 years. Pyesented by Dr. C. G. Stone, Washington, D. C. (15) Si)ecimen of primary cancer of the gall-bladder. From a mulatto, a.ged55 years. . Presented by Dr. Thomas Martin, Washington, D. C. (16) Specimen showing congenital absence of ovaries. From a mulatto woman, aged about 50 years; married, but without children. Presented by Dr. D. S. Lamb, Washington, D. C. (17) A series of thirteen models showing various diseases of the skin and subcuta- neous tissue. Made by J. Baretta, Paris, France. Purchased. (18) Papier-mach6 model, six times enlarged, of the bones of the base of the skull and the face. Made by J. H. Emerton, Boston. Purchased. (19) Model of the eye, orbit, and adjacent parts. Made by Dr. August Miiller, Ber- lin. Purchased. (20) A series of skeletons and crania of natives of New Britain and the Samoau Islands. Purchased. (21) Transport or jiack saddle used by the medical dei>artmeut of the British army in India. Presented by Dr. Robert Harvey, princiinil medical othcer, Pun- jab frontier force, Peshawar, India. The Museum is represented at the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago by a display of specimens, including models of hospitals, of a railway train for transportation of wounded, and of hospital steamers; also a series of pathological specimens illustrating tuberculosis and tumors, a series of ninety sections of human embryos, a series of three hundred and forty-six photomicrographs, and a series of microscoi^es, illustrating the history of the instrument, with other apparatus. The Army Medical Museum has been visited during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, by 85,000 persons. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 327 HEALTH OF THE ARMY. During tlie past year the health of the Army has been excellent. Per- haps at no time heretofore has the Surgeon-General been able to invite attention to a better record of health and consequent efficiency, and this although some of the rates have been materially increased by an undue proportion of sickness among the Indian companies. The admission rate per thousand of strength was 1270.42, as compared with 13G4.78 during the previous year and 1459.05 during the preceding decade. The lowest recorded admission rate, 1247 in 1887, is practi- cally the same as that now reported. The number and duration of the cases were equivalent to a noneffective rate of 39.G0, as com]oared with 42.01 during the previous year and 43.41 during the preceding decade. The nonefliciency may be expressed also by the statement that each officer and man of the Army was, on an average, sick for 14.5 days during the year, as compared with 15.3 and 15.9 days, respectively, during the previous year and each of the years of the previous decade. The num- ber of men discharged for disability was 18.35 per thousand of strength, as against 17.23 (the lowest annual rate to which these discharges have been brought) in the previous year and 30.70 the average of the ten years preceding. The death rate from all causes was 6.44, comparing favorably with 8.05 and 8.75, respectively, for the previous periods already mentioned, as well as with 0.33 for the year 1889, the lowest annual death rate hitherto reported. Excluding deaths from injury the deaths from disease were equivalent to a rate of 4.36 per thousand of strength, as against 5.03 and 5.81, respectively, for the previous year and decade and against 3.95 for the year 1889. In comparing our rates with those of foreign armies the admission rate is the only one which attracts attention by its magnitude; but this high rate does not indicate a greater prevalence of sickness among our men. It means simply that we take on sick report as a record of facts the cases of men who were excused from any part of their military duty on account of sickness or injury. The ailment may be so trivial — a few herpetic spots, for instance, on the lips of a bugler — that it would not be entered among the diseases aflecting the command by medical offi- cers of European services; but with us if the bugler is excused from sounding the calls on this account his case becomes a matter of record. It will be seen from a comparison of the other rates that notwithstand- ing the many trivial cases that form part of our record our nonefficient rate (39.00) compares favorably with that of the army of Austria-Hun- gary (43.58) and of the home service troops of Great Britain (44.29). The following tabulation gives a comparison of our rates with those of some of the armies of Europe, as obtained from their last published statistics : 328 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE The above statement of the English and German armies is exclusive of oflRcers. The Italian troops stationed in Africa had a mean strength of 2,G03 men, with an admission rate of 1,175 and a death rate of 13.4, .and are not included in the above table; 9,G45 men of the Italian army were granted sick leaves for i^eriods varying from three months to one year. The high discharge rate of the Austrian army was explained in the report of the Surgeon-General for 1891, page 94. In the German army G,S45 additional discharges (1G.34 per 1,000 of mean strength) were made of recruits for disabilities contracted prior to conscription. Injuries stand first in order of importance as causative of admissions to sick report in our Army, 2o2.74 of the total of 1270.42 per thousand of strength having been occasioned by violence. Diseases of the digest- ive system take second place with 173.74 cases per thousand of strength. The third jAacQ is taken by diseases of the respiratory organs (124.45), mostly cases of catarrh and bronchitis; the fourth idace by diarrheal diseases (110.85), and the fifth by specific febrile diseases (98.50), whicli owe their iirominence in this as in other armies at the present time to the continued, although lessening, prevalence of influenza. Following these come sixth, diseases of the integumentary system, mostly boils and abscesses (79.99) ; seventh, venereal diseases (70.73) ; eig'hth, rheuma- tism, articular and muscular (71.52), and ninth, malarial diseases (63.75). In the foreign armies tabulated above the five principal causes of admis- sion were in each as follows: Austro-Hungary : First, integumentary; second, digestive; third, respiratory; fourth, injuries; and, fifth, venereal. Great Britain : First, venereal ; sec(md, digestive ; third, injuries ; fourth, specific febrile; and, fifth, resiuratory. Italy: First, venereal; second, respiratory; third, digestive; fourth, specific febrile; and, fifth, integu- mentary. Germany: First, integumentary; second, injuries; third, digestive; fourth, specific febrile; and, fifth, respiratory. The gratifying point in these comparisons is the low grade of precedence taken in our service by venereal and integumentary diseases. As causative of nonefflciency, injuries take first place in the records of the past year, having occasioned 8.12 of the total of 39.G0 constantly on the sick report per thousand of strength. Venereal diseases take second rank as a disabling cause, 5.33 men per thousand of strength having been constantly under treatment on their account. Specific febrile diseases, resjiiratory and digestive diseases, and rheumatism (including muscular) had each a noneffective rate of 3.3. The absolute number of discharges for disability, whicli gave the rate of 18.35 per thousand of strength, was 493, of which 67 were for rheuma- tism and diseases of the bones and joints, 58 for injnries, 53 for con- sumption, 53 for venereal diseases, 44 for epilepsy and insanity, 44 for diseases of the heart and circulation, 27 for diseases of the eye, 14 of the ear, and 21 for hernia. The absolute number of deaths was 173, of which 56 were caused by violence, 20 by consumption, 17 by imeumonia, 15 by diseases of the nervous system, 13 by typhoid fever, 13 by diseases of the heart, 8 by diseases of the kidney, 6 by influenza, and 3 by alcoholic poisoning. The average strength of the Army, as shown by the returns of the Medical Department, was : White troops, 21,437 ; colored, 2,036 ; Indians, 730; a total of 24,203 men. There was little difference in the rates of admission for all diseases and injuries among these three classes of men, or in their noneffective rates. The former were: White, 1,273.45; colored, 1,257.86; Indian, 1,216.44; the latter 39.69, 38.55, and 39.97, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 329 respectively. Altbongli these general rates varied but little, the ad- mission rates for certain diseases differed considerably. Thus, malarial diseases were less frequent among the colored men and Indians than among the whites, the rates being, respectivel3% 2G.03, 31.51, and 68.43. Alcoholism, also, 8.35,1.37, and 41.19. Headache and neuralgia were equally common, but no case of insanity was developed among either the colored men or Indians, although a total of 49 cases was recorded among the white soldiers. Diseases of the heart were likewise infre- quent among the colored men and Indians. On the other hand, the colored man appears during the year to have been relatively more sub- ject to chronic rheumatism of the joints and the Indian to diseases of the eye. Dyspepsia, colic, constipation, and inflammations of the lym- phatic system were considerably, and vene/eal diseases somewhat, more frequent among both than among the white troops. Consump- tion was iHiusually prevalent among the Indians. A total of 26 cases gave a rate of 35.ti2 per thousand of strength, as against rates of 3.27 and 4.42, respectively, among the white and the colored troops. The death rate of the white troops from all causes was 6.11 per thousand of strength, of the colored troops 5.00, of the Indians 20.43; from disease the rates were, respectively, 4.23, 3.18, and 11.49; and from injury 1.88, 1.82, and 8.94. The rate from disease among the In- dians was mainly due to the cases of consumption, and the large rate from injury to an undue proportion of gunshot wounds. The rates of our colored troops during the past year are very satis- factory. Admission, noneffective, death, and discharge rates are all not only lower than in any previous year but lower than the corre- sponding rates for the same period among the white troops. THE PREVALENCE OF SPECIAL DISEASES. SPECIFIC FEBKILE AND ACUTE INFECTIOUS DISEASES. The specific febrile and acute infectious diseases, including under this heading erysipelas, tonsillitis, and cases reported as typho-malarial, gave an admission rate of 141.85, a noneflficient rate of 4.09, and a death rate of 0.86. Of the admission rate 74.08 represents the prevalence of influenza and 41.90 that of tonsillitis; measles, mumps and enteric fever form the mass of the remaining cases, as noted below. Cerebrospinal fever. — Two cases were reported among enlisted men, one at Fort Wayne, Mich., the other at Fort Leavenworth Military Prison. One recovered, but the man had to be discharged on account of resulting mental vacuity; the other died, and the diagnosis was con- firmed by the appearances discovered post mortem. GhieTien pox. — Thirteen cases were reported from nine different posts, at none of which was small pox present. Cholera. — In anticipation of an invasion by this disease on account of its prevalence at some of the European ports largely concerned in the shipment of immigrants to this country, medical directors and post surgeons were duly reminded of the precautions requisite for the pro- tection of our military stations. Fortunately, however, the imminence of the danger subsided by the gradual extinction of the disease at the quarantine of the port of New York, and it became evident that several months would probably elapse before similar threatening conditions would recur. Influenced 330 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE by the circular from this office medical directors on the return of warm weather again notified their subordinates of the imjiortance of giving special attention to local sanitary conditions. ******* Dengue. — The only posts from which this fever was reported were Forts Mcintosh and Sam Houston, Tex., where 43 and 21 cases, re- spectively, were said to have occurred. Uiphilieria. — Eleven cases were reported among enlisted men, 6 at Fort Grant, Ariz., and 1 at each of five other posts. This disease appeared among the children at certain posts. At Forts Hancocli:, Tex., and Stanton, N. Mex., 1 case each; at Fort DuOhesne, Utah, 4 — 1 fatal; at Fort Yates, IsT. Dak., 8 — 1 fatal; and at West Point, !N". Y., 9 — 5 fatal. Eight of the cases at the last-mentioned post, and all of the fatal ones, occurred in the family of Mr. F. P. Baily, quartermas- ter's employe. In all these instances isolation and disinfection were carefully employed to limit the spread of the disease. The house occu- jDied by Mr, Baily was destroyed by fire together with two tents and some articles of equipage belonging to the Quartermaster's Depart- ment that had been used in connection with the treatment of the cases. ******* Enteric fever. — Of this fever, including cases reported as typho-mala- rial, l5l cases occurred among the enlisted men of the Army, 140 (of which 13 were fatal) among the white and 2 (1 fatal) among the colored troops. A relative insusceptibility to this disease might be suggested by these figures but for the fact that the average annual rates of admis- sion for the past ten years have been 4.34 for the colored as comjiared with 7.58 for the white troops. Gleanings from larger fields might therefore show a greater equalization of the rates. The 151 cases were distributed among forty-seven posts. The largest number, 23, was reported from Fort Eeno, Okla., but Madison bar- racks, N. Y., had 19, Fort Leavenworth, Kans., 12, San Carlos, Ariz., 10, I'ort Yates, N. Dak., 8, Fort Monroe, Va., C, and Fort Sherman, Idaho, 5; four posts had 4 each, four 3 each, eight 2 each, and twenty- four 1 each. The fatal cases were scattered at various i^osts, one each, except at Fort Sill, where two of three cases were fatal. # * * * * * * It has happened on several occasions in the experience of Army med- ical officers that typhoid fever has appeared in a command when the most searching investigation has failed to discover any unusual insani- tary condition except a want of ventilation under the floors of the buiklings in which the outbreaks occurred with rotting of the flooring and dampness and organic decay underneath. The last instance of the kind x)ublished was the occurrence of 23 cases at Fort Assinniboine, Mont., in 1889.* An earlier experience of the same kind, published in Part iii, medical volume of the Medical and Surgical History of the War, p. 497, was reported in 1873 by Capt. McElderry from Fort Klamath, Oreg. During the past year a similar occurrence took place at Fort Yates, N. Dak." Although the insanitary conditions at this post included a contamination of the surrounding soil by dis- used privy pits filled in and covered over when the earth closets now in use were erected, the unventilated site and decayed flooring of the barracks are worthy of special notice in view of the above-mentioned experiences. ''See report of Surgeon-General, 1890, p. 29. KEPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 331 Erysipelas. — Twenty-cigbt cases, 1 fatal, were reported. Eigliteen posts Lad 1 case each, three 2, and one 4 cases; the causes to which the spread in tiie last instance was ascribed may be learned from Capt. Munday's report given below (p. 104). Influenza. — Of this disease 1,793 cases were reported, the largest num- ber at any one post having been 141, 1 fatal, at Fort Custer, Mont. Many i^osts reported no such cases, but these had usually an increased rate for catarrh and bronchitis. A total of 6 deaths was "ascribed to this disease. Measles. — The cases, 187 in number, of this disease were all of light grade. At the recruiting depot, Columbus Barracks, 52 cases occurred, and from this post the disease appears to have been conveyed to a few of the others. Generally, however, the infection was introduced from some community in the vicinity of the military station. Seven posts had 1 case each, seven 2, four 3, two 4, one 5, five 6, two 7, and one 8, 10, 13, and 14 respectively. Mumps. — During the year 149 cases of mumps were reported, 43 of which occurred among the recruits at Columbus Barracks and 19 at Fort Yates; thirteen i)osts had 1 case each, three 2, four 5, two 10, and one 3, 6, 8, and 11, respectively. During the current year two nota- ble epidemics occurred at Forts Ai^ache and Buford. Of 40 cases at the former post most of the patients were A j)aches of the Indian com- pany. Metastatic orchitis occurred in 33.3 per cent of the cases. Of 30 cases at Fort Buford, 8, or 20.G per cent, had orchitis. Rotheln. — A few cases were reported from Forts Leavenworth and Grant and Plattsburg Barracks. Scarlet fever. — Only 9 cases were reported as having occurred among the troops, 4 at Fort Myer, 2 at Fort Logan, and 1 each at three other posts. The disease appeared also among the children at a few posts, but was in all cases prevented from spreading by careful isolation and efficient disinfection. Smallpox. — Only 1 case, at Fort ^larcy, was reported during the year. This disease has been extensively prevalent among the Mexican popu- lation, so that the occurrence of only 1 case in our border garrisons shows the efficiency of our protective measures. Tonsillitis. — Cases, making a total of 1,014, were reported under this heading from nearly every military station, the highest number from any one post being 52, from Columbus Barracks. It is impossible to say what i)roportion of these consisted of a merely local inflammation of a portion of the digestive tract and what proportion was due to a specific cause entitling the cases to be regarded as belonging to the class now under discussion; but remarks are so frequently appended to sanitary reports indicating the connection of these cases with defec- tive drainage and sewerage, polluted soils, and neglect of proper ven- tilation of dormitories, that it would seem advisable from the standpoint of practical sanitation to regard them as more intimately associated with the specific febrile and acute infectious diseases than with the dis- eases of the digestive system. Whooping cough was reported from Fort Monroe, Angel Island, and Fort Custer; 4 cases among the troops at the last-mentioned post and 1 each at the others. Few cases are reported as having occurred among the children. ******* DIARRHEAL AFFECTIONS. These diseases had an admission rate of 110.85, as compared with 108.21 during the previous year and 102.30, the average annual rate of 332 . PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE the previous decade. Diairbea caused 108.04 of the rate and dysentery 2.81 ; but tlie noneflficiency occasioned was slight, only 1.13 per tliou- sand of strengtli, as the averag'e duration of the cases was .short; diarrhea, 3.4; dysentery, 15.9 days. Xo death occurred among the total of 2,G15 cases of diarrhea, including cholera morbus, nor among the 68 cases of dysentery reported. Reports as to causation refer those af- fections in a doubtful way to errors of diet and the continuance of high atmospheric temperatures, for most of them were recorded during the hot season. Forts Monroe and Hamilton, Davids Island, Fort Bar- rancas, and St. Francis Barracks had the largest rates. ******* MALARIAL DISEASES. The admission rate for malarial diseases was low, 63.75, practically the same as for the previous year, but a marked improvement on 92.93 in 1890, and 120.20 in 1889. The rate of nonefiiciency for the year was 1.70. Ko fatal case was reported among the total number of 1,543 cases recorded. Intermittents, 1,131; remittents, 309, and other malarial diseases, 103. Seven cases reported as typho-malarial are not included among these. As usual, the prevalence was greater among the white than among the colored troops, the admission rate for the former hav- ing been 68.43; for the latter, 26.03. Washington Barracks, Fort Sill and Fort Myer had high admission rates, 563.25, 474.00, and 406.11, respectively. Fort Clark, with only 205.61 admissions, had the largest nonefiiciency, 15.00 ; Fort Sill, thenext in order in this regard, having only 8.87. The average duration of each case at Fort Clark was 20.70 days, at Fort Sill, 6.85, while the cachexia of the cases at Fort Ringgold necessitated a j)rolongation of the aver- age duration of treatment to 71 days. The post surgeon of the last- mentioned post insists that the malarial disease which adds so largely to the nonefificiency of the garrison is not in any way due to condi- tions existing at the post, but to those prevailing in the country in which the troops operated during the springand summer. Washington Barracks and Fort Myer had noncfiicient rates of 7.32 and 6.46, re- spectively. VENEREAL DISEASES. The admission rate for these diseases was 76.73 during the year, the prevalence being somewhat greater among the colored trooi^s and Indians than among the whites. This rate shows, unfortunately, no improvement, the rate of the previous year having been 72.46, and the average annual rate of the previous decade 77.31. The average num- ber of men constantly sick per thousand of strength was 5.33 as against 5.00 for the i)revious year. Gonorrhea and its results caused 40.90 of the 76.73 admission rates; chancroids, 11.11; syphilis and its results, 16.03, and other venereal diseases, 8.68. The average duration of treatment of ea(;h case was 25.4 days; gonorrheal cases, 21.1 ; chan- croidal, 22.7 ; syphilitic, 38.5, and other cases 25.1 days. Fifty-three men disabled by these diseases were discharged from service during the year. ******* ALCOHOLISM. The admission rate for alcoholism, 37.23 per thousand of strength, is an improvement on the past, comparing favorably with 40.01 in the pre- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 333 yious year, 40.73 in 1890, 41.31 in 1889, and 5G.G8 as the average annual rate of the previous decade. Drunkenness to an extent requir- ing medical care was relatively more frequent among the wLite troops than among the negroes and Indians, the rates being respectively 41.19, 8.35, and 1.37. The corresponding rate in the home service army of Great Britain was only 2.G9; in the army of Prussia, Saxony, and Wiirtemberg, 1.65; of Austria-Hungary, 0.11; of Italy, O.OG. The post having the highest rate was Fort Brady, 179.49; but Jack- son Barracks had practically the same rate, 179.23. Eight other posts had the admission rate over 100 per thousand of strength, in the fol- lowing order, after the two already named: Fort Porter, Willets Point, Eock Island Arsenal, Fort Ontario, Camp Oklahoma and Forts Mc- Pherson, Marcy and Barrancas. The admission rate of the Indian companies does not appear to give full expression to the prevalence of intoxication among them, for the sanitary reports speak occasionally in most unfavorable terms of their habits in this regard. Thus, from Fort Wingate Maj. Matthews re- ports among them in July one homicide and one death from accident, both results of intoxication, and in December five members of the troop suffering from wounds received in drunken quarrels; while from Fort Bowie Capt. E. W. Johnson reports drunken brawls to be of fre- quent occurrence, " and if the men were only allowed to retain pos- session of their arms it would be but a short time before their number would be materially decreased." RHEUMATISM. The admission rate, 71.52, continues to show a gradual lessening of the prevalence of rheumatic affections. The rate for the previous year was 75.33; for 1890, 83.19, and the average annual rate of the previous decade, 107.28. Thirty-eight men were discharged for these affections, giving a rate of 1.41 as compared with 1.25 in the previous year, 2.06 in 1890, and 2.96 as the average of the previous decade. The cases of acute articular rheumatism numbered 124, and consti- tuted 5.12 of the total admission rate, 71.52. The average duration of these cases was 39.4 days. Chronic articular rheumatism constituted 15.37 of the total rate; average duration, 25.3 days. Muscular rheu- matism and myalgia formed 51.03 of the total; average duration, 12.2 days. PULMONAKY CONSUMPTIOX. The admission rate of the Army for consumption was 4.34 per thou- sand of strength, considerably in excess of the rate of the i^revious year, 2.97. The rate recorded by the white troops was 3.27, by the colored troops 4.42, and by the Indians 35.62. The absolute number of cases was 105, of which 70 occurred among the white troops, with 9 deaths and 35 discharges; 9 among the colored troops, with 2 deaths and 3 discharges, and 26 among the Indian companies, with 7 deaths and 13 discharges. The death rate from this cause alone among the Indians, 8.94, was greater than the death rate, 6.44, from all causes in the Army as a whole. Some remarks on the quarters and habits of the Indians, submitted below (p. 103), are of interest in this connection. PNEUMONIA AND PLEURISY. Eighty-three cases of pneumonia (not a complication of other dis- eases) were reported during the year; 72 (16 fatal) among the white 334 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE troops, 8 (1 fatal) among the colored troops, and 3 (none fatal) among the Indians. The average duration of each case was 31.9 days. Ninety- nine cases were reported in 1891, 9G in 1890, and 130 in 1889, so that this manifest/ation of disease may be regarded as having touched our military stations but lightly during the past year. Seventy of the cases, of which 13 were fatal, were reported as lobar; 10 (1 fatal) as catarrhal, and 3 (all fatal) as undefined. The largest number of cases at one post was 10, at Columbus Barracks; Jefterson Barracks and Whipple Barracks Imd each 5 cases; Forts Assinniboine and Buford, 4 each, and Fort Leavenworth 3. Eighteen posts had each 2 cases, and sixteen each 1 case. Forty-four cases of pleurisy were reported: White, 37; colored, 4; Indian, 3. Two of the cases among the white troops were fatal. ******* The 22 cases of suicide tliat occurred during the year are equivalent to a rate of 0.82 per tliousand of strength, as compared with 0.83 dur- ing the previous year, and 0.71 the average annual rate of the previous ten years. The last reported rates of foreign armies are : Great Britain, 0.21; Italy, 0.33; Prussia, Saxony, and Wiirtemberg, 0.64; and Aus- tria-Hungary, 1.18. Eighteen of the 22 suicides were members of white commands. The causes assigned were domestic troubles in 1, failure to obtain desired promotion in 1, fear of court-martial in 2, mental despondency attrib- uted to ill health in 2, temporary mental aberration in 4, alcohol in 1 and probably in some of the 7 reported as unknown. No case occurred among the colored troops! Four suicides among the members of the Indian companies give a material increase to the rate reported at this time, and detract seriously from that reputation for equanimity, self- restraint, and fortitude with which the American Indian has been so liberally endowed in most of his literary portraits. The reported causes in these cases were in 1, mental depression from syphilis; in 1, homesickness, a pass to visit his tribe having been denied him ; and in 2, jealousy and domestic troubles. One of the 22 suicides was a commissioned officer, 8 belonged to the infantry, 6 to the cavalry, 3 to the artillery, 2 to the ordnance, 1 to the hospital corps, and 2 to other corps. Eleven were 30 to 34 years of age; 4, 20 to 24, and as many 25 to 29; 1 between each of the ages 40 to 44, 45 to 49, and 50 to 54. Seventeen were natives of the United States, 2 German, 1 Irish, 1 French, and 1 Scandinavian. Five were in their first year of service, the others older soldiers. Five of the cases occurred in September, 4 each in October and November, 2 each in March, June, and July, and 1 each in May, August, and December. Three cases were reported from Fort Schuyler, 2 each from Forts Randall and Sam Houston, and 1 from each of fifteen other i^osts. RECO]VDrENDATIONS. In conclusion I desire to invite attention to the recommendations made in this report, as follows : Tlie introduction of electric light into the Army and Navy General Hospital, Hot Springs, Ark., and an increase of the accommodations for officers at the hos])ital. White linen or cotton duck as the most suitable wear for men occu- pied in Avard or dispensary duties. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 335 The reference of all plans for tlie constrnction or alteration of build- ings or for sanitary improvements at military posts to a board of oflQcers, in which the Medical Department shall be represented. The disuse of casemates as living and sleeping rooms. A return so far to former methods as to provide public quarters for a limited number of married enlisted men. A consideration of the want of equity in the present method of heat- ing the quartei\s of officers. A prohibition of the practice of flushing barrack floors with water for the purpose of cleaning them. The construction of crematories for garbage at all permanent posts, particularly when the reservation is small and surrounded by civil com- munities. The establishment of post laundries at large posts to obviate the necessity of sending clothes to various localities in neighboring cities or other civil settlements. Eespectfully submitted. Hon. Daniel S. Lamont, Secretary of \¥ar. Geo. M. SterjN^berg, Surgeon-General. EEPOET OF THE CHIEF SIGNAL OFFICER. War Departivient, Signal Office^ Washington, October 9, 1893. Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the Signal Corps of the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893: MILITARY telegraph LINES. There are now thirty-three military posts and stations whose tele- graphic connections with the great commercial systems of the country are OA^er permanent lines, constructed or oi)erated, either entirely or in part, by the Signal Corps of the Army. There is at present hardly a military post which has not a telegraph station either within its limits or at some convenient iwint speedy of access. The military telegraph lines of the Signal Corps, whose operation devolves by law on the Chief Signal Officer, include, first, permanent lines for the purpose of maintaining (;ommunication with important military posts; second, flying telegraph lines which are organized and maintained with a view to their easy transportation and speedy utiliza- tion in connection with field operations. These lines during peace are usually operated for drill purposes, but on special occasions, as during this year in the Rio Grande Valley, they are established and tempora- rily worked in connection with important military operations; third, practice lines, primarily erected at military jjosts in order to promote instruction in telegraphy and signaling, but also serving in some instances to facilitate administration at posts covering extended areas. The permanent telegraph lines operated by the Signal Corps, now ag- gregating about 700 miles in length, have been under the general man- agement of Capt. Charles E. Kilbourne, Signal Corps, whose report 336 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE forms Appendix A. The successful admmistration of Capt. Kilbourne appears iu the extremely efficient condition of these lines as demon- strated by the uni)recedentedly brief periods of iuteirupted communi- cation during the past year. Nearly 4U0 miles of telegraph line are under the immediate supervi- sion of First Lieut. Frank Greene, Signal Corps, chief signal officer Department of Arizona, who has charge of all telegraph lines Avithin the limits of that department iu addition to his specific duties as a jnember of the departmental staff. The lines of this department are of unusual military imi^ortance, keeping as they do. the great Indian res- ervations of Arizona and New Mexico under the eye of the department commander. The section centering at San Carlos, Ariz., is not only indispensable to efficient and economical military operations in connec- tion with that important agency, but also renders practically impossible any extended Indian outbreak. Theefficient administration of First Lieut. Frank Greene, Signal Corps, most cordially supported by Gen. Alexander McDowell McCook, depart- ment commander, has brought these lines into unprecedentedly serv- iceable condition. The double telegraphic outlet to commercial lines, north and south, from San Carlos has demonstrated its great utility by insuring almost uninterrupted communication through a wild and difficult region. The total interruption of telegraphic communication at stations on this division has averaged for each station less than thirty-four hours during the last fiscal year. The system of military telegraph lines under First Lieut. Frederick R. Day, Twentieth Infantry, acting signal officer, with headquarters at Bismarck, N. Dak., have been efficiently nmnaged during the year. This system comi)rises scattered lines in North Dakota, Montana, Okla- homa, Utah, Wyoming, and Texas. The extension of the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad to Clearmont, Wyo., enabled this bureau to eflect such a reconstruction of the military telegra])h line to Fort McKinney, Wyo., as insures uninterrupted communication with that important military post. After consultation with Gen. John R. Brooke, commanding the Depart- ment of the Platte, whose energetic support has been at all times freely accorded, the line from Clearmont to Fort McKinney, 31 miles in length, was built May 5, 1893, under the supervision of First Lieut. Frederick R. Day, Twentieth Infantry, who for this purpose reported to the commanding general, Department of the Platte. This line was constructed largely of material recovered from the abandoned line between Powder River and Fort McKinney, some 50 miles in length. The present line from Clearmont to Fort McKinney, through its short length and other favorable conditions, promises uninterrupted commu- nication. In accordance with the policy adopted by the Chief Signal Officer in the direction of local control, this line has been tui'ned over to the commanding officer of Fort McKinney, who has full charge of its operation. Whenever the line is not required for strictly military pur- poses, commercial messages are transmitted over it under such restric- tions as the commander officer of Fort McKinney may make, no tolls, liowever, being levied for such transmission. Lieut. Day's remoteness from the several sections of the lines under his control has enhanced the difficulties of his administration, which, liowever, has been marked with energy and skill. One of his lines, that extending from Fort Brown to Fort Ringgold, Tex., i)roved to be of great military imx)ortance during the late REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 337 border troubles, when coinpiications of an international character appeared possible on tlie lower Eio Grande. During tlie border troubles, however, this line — a single wire, having no outlet except at Brownsville — was frequently inoperative, sometimes by natural causes, but more frequently, as is probable, by malicious inter- ruption through lawless persons who were interested in promoting disorder. Such interruptions, made in a few moments, necessitate hours, possibly days, of dangerous travel and arduous labor before the Uno is again in operation. In order to insure telegraphic communication with a degree of reliar Dility commensurate with the ijuportance of this line, the Chief Signal Oflicer submitted with his last annual report a special estimate for the construction of a second outlet, which plan, however, failed to com mend itself to Congress. Later, the very threatening attitude of affairs obliged Gen. Frank Wheaton, commanding the Department of Texas, to telegraphically urge upon the Commanding General of the Army and the War Department the absolute military necessity of more extended telegraphic facilities, to be given by a second outlet in the construc- tion of a telegraph line from Fort Eiuggold to Fort Mcintosh, Tex. These threatening conditions impressed Congress to a greater extent than the prior recommendations of the Chief Signal Ofticer, and as a result Congress approiHiated .$17,000 for the construction of the desired line, during the liscal year ending June 30, 1891. The not infrequent result of failure to act on the recommendations of the officer charged by law with special duties followed, for there was such delay in making the appropriation that the permanent line could not possibly be completed until a year after its pressing necessity was fully recognized. The serious emergency, however, was provided for, at the suggestion of the Chief Signal Officer, by the costly expedient of concentrating and erecting all the flying telegraph line of the Army, some seventy miles in the aggregate. Although an expensive operation, yet it tided over the season of military operations, as is x^ointed out in that portion of this report referring to flying telegraph lines. While the j^ermanent telegraph lines under the control of the Chief Signal Officer of the Army are constructed primarily for military pur- poses, yet they secondly subserve commercial interests by affording speedy communication with business centers. The tariff charges for commercial telegrams over military lines are extremely low, ranging from 10 to 25 cents for ten Avords, so that the revenue from commercial messages is necessarily limited. ISTeverthcless, the volume of such bus- iness is so great that the income assumes respectable proi)ortions. There has been collected and turned into the United States Treasury during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, telegraph tolls of the sum of $1,904.09, while for the same period the additional sum of $1,262.73 was collected for tolls on account of the commercial telegraph comx)a- nies and turned over to the proper officials. The total number of free messages transmitted over Government wires, consisting of Govern- ment, State, and other business, has been tabulated on lines under the supervision of the Chief Signal Officer and aggregate 36,530 with a tariff value of $3,885.07. The same proportion for other lines, under post commanders, would make the aggregate tarift" value of free mes- sages about $5,000, so that during the year the volume of business handled over military telegraph lines and calculated on its very low tariff aggregates not fiir from $15,000. Ab. 93 22 338 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE FLYING TELEGRAPH LINES. Tlic important pnit v.liich electrical conimmiicatious play in modern warfare emphasizes tbe necessity of developing" efficient and supple- mentary methods for armies operating on a base away from the general telegraph system of the country. Special attention is now being given by the Signal Corps to the suitable equipment of its flying telegraph trains in ail phases, from the connection, by means. of such lines, of army headquarters with the ijermanent lines of the country to the provision for temporary telegraphic or telephonic communication between army, division, or even biigade headquarters, with all essential points, whether in camp or on battle line. "With this end in view, and with the approval of the Mnjor-General Commanding the Army and the Secretary of War, flying telegTapli trains equipped with the most modern appliances are in course ot organization, each separate train having material for 15 miles of line. These trains, available for drill purj^oses, will be located at Fort Riley, Kans.j Fort Grant, Ariz.; Fort Sam llonston, Tex.; Fort Leaven- worth, Kans., and at the Presidio of San Francisco, Cal. ******* PRACTICAL TELEGRAPH OPERATIONS. The field or flying telegraph differs materially from a ])ermanent line; the material, while being suftlciently strong to insure uninter- rupted communication and withstand the vicissitudes of weather, must also be light enough to render easy its tr an sport Jition with moving troops — say, material for 12 miles by a four-mule team. The wire supports must be such that they can be rapidly erected and dis- mounted, while the wire and insulators can be easily attached and detached from the lances without injury or deterioration. Moreover, the a])pliances for construction must be such that the line can be quickly put up over any kind of country. With such conditions to fulfill, theory must be supplemented by practice, since the erection of a flying line for drill purposes over chosen ground tests oidy in part the materials, methods, and appliances. Fortunately the past year has been marked by an extended practical application of tlie flying tele- graph train of the Signal Corps that has not only tested its worth and fitness for field work, but also demonstrated its great i)ractical utility to the Armv. MILITARY BALLOONS. The introduction of balloons in connection with field telegraph trains for the purpose of collecting and transmitting military information, brings into special importance the question of aerial navigation. The utility and importance of balloons for obtaining military information during field operations were amply demonstrated in the last civil war, but like many other American ideas had to await recognition and development by military authorities of other nations. The United States, first to use balloons in war, as it was first to use the electric telegraph and signal apjdiances on the field of battle, has c(msequently seen these ideas adopted and improved by all other important military powers. Improved methods of equipment, manipulation, and transportation REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 339 have come with improved industrial and inventive methods, but as yet there have been no experiments sufticiently satisfactory to prove the advisability of replacing the captive balloon by free balloons, either for extended reconuoissauce or as an instrument of offensive warfare. The construction of a dirigible balloon, so as to have its movements under satisfactory control, may still be considered inconclusive, although the French war department has balloon ai)parata which have been pro- pelled in any desired direction with considerable speed. Experiments have brought the use of a captive balloon, however, to such a degree of excellence that its utility in extended warfare is beyond question. During the past fiscal year the project of adding military balloons to the flying telegraph train has been proceeded with under the i^lan made by the Chief Signal Officer, which was approved by the Commanding General of the Army and by the Secretary of War. An experimental captive balloon train is being organized, which, as a supplement to and in connection with the flying telegraph trains, will be operated with modern equipments, so that military information as to topography, the disposition and movement of troops, etc., may be collected photograph- ically or visually. The drag rope, or captive cable of the balloon is an aerial double-conductor cable by which iuformation can be transmitted by or sent to the occupants of the balloon. With appropriations insufficient for extended experiments, the Chief Sig-aal Oiticer was obliged to most carefully consider the different sys- tems of ballooning now in operation, and has adopted, for the present, the English system of a captive skin balloon, provided with a double conductor, insulated captive cable, and inflated from portable cylinders containing hydrogen gas compressed under 120 atmospheres. After experimentaf drills the trained officers and men of the Signal Corps should be able to fill the balloon and make an ascent of half a mile in half an hour. From tbis coign of vantage the signal officer can com- municate by telephone either with the train base or over the flying telegraph line with the commanding general. The balloon purchased for this purpose was constructed in Paris, under the supervision of First Lieut. William A. Glassford, Signal Corps, to whom was intrusted the entire details. In this work Lieut. Glassford displayed discrimi- nating judgment and unremitting zeal. POST teleCtEAph lines. The Chief Signal Ofilcer has fostered the construction and operation of practice telegraph lines Avithin the limits of the larger military posts, and there are now in operation 76 of such lines. Interest in military signaling has thus increased, especially as the Morse, or American, telegraph code is the signal code of the Army. Many devote their leisure hours to acquhiug a knovdedge of telegraphy, which may enhance the value of their services while in the Army and be of benefit in civil life. MILITARY SIGNALING. The provisions of the Army Eegulations which charge department commanders with responsibility for the efficiency of their commands in military signaling, with discretionary power to restrict post instruc- tion therein to such particular months as are most suitable and con- venient, have beneficially affected instruction in the line of the Army. 340 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Two liuiidred and eigbty-ciglit officers and 1,388 men are reported proficient under paragraph 1701, Army Eegulations; only one in six in tbis number, however, can receive telegraphic messages at a low rate of speed. The efforts of the Cliief Signal Officer to stimulate an interest in signaling by furnishing ample supplies for intercommunication on tar- get ranges and in connection with summer encampments and marches, together with the establishme;it of well-equipped telegraph lines in the more important military posts, have contributed to increase practice and knowledge. The results, however, render it more than evident that the line of the Army has neither the time nor the inclination to acquire anything more than the rudiments of signaling. The average time given to signaling by each man in the line of the Army during the past year is about two hours, or about one-fourth of a Avorking da.y. In two military departments (Columbia and Dakota) the instruction during the whole year has averaged less than an hour for each man, and in only one department (California) has it even approximated to a half da5% with an a-\>erage of 5.2 hours. While tiie iiresent method of instruction occasionally resultain a few acquiring sufficient knowledge of telegraphy to enable them to transmit or read messages sent over commercial telegraph lines at an ordinary rate of speed, yet it is very much to be doubted whether in case of a military exigency there could be drawn from more than one or two regiments of the line, officers and men competent to assume military sui^ervision over telegraphic comnumications within their hearing. It is evident, therefore, that expert signaling or telegraphy must devolve on the Signal Corps, v/hose restricted numbers and widely separated stations would render extended work impracticable in any sudden emergency. As a matter of professional caution, the chief signal offi.cer has ascertained tlie names and recorded the degree of X)roficieney in telegraphy of such offlcers and men of the line as exhibit a marked degree of aptitude. In this manner the services of such can be promptly made available for connnands needing exjierts for imme- diate service. Information of similar tenor has been obtained from the inspector-general's department, who have inspected methods and extent of instruction in military signaling in the line of the Army to the advantage of this corps. SIGNAL EQUIPMENTS. For the first time in its history the Army is equipped with sufficient instruments for ordinary practice and instruction. The great importance of replacing the objectionable torch by a sig- nal lantern, lit for reliable comnumication at distances up to 20 iniles, is i\illy recognized, and recent experiments indicate an early and sat- isfactory solution of the problem. The equipment of field glasses, which for years was sadly deficient in quantity, has been gradually increased, so that tliere is now about one field glass to every four line officers, instead of one to every fif- teen, as in 1887. The inability of the Signal Corps toeqfap our scout- ing officers Vvith field glasses, through lack of appropriation in past y«ars, worked pecuniary hardship upon officers of the line who have been compelled to purchase private glasses at a high price for official use without even being permitted to procure them from the Signal Corps at cost. It api)ears indisputable that the Signal Corps should RErORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 341 be able to furnisli two field glasses to every company of cavalry and to sucli companies of infantry as are liable to be called ni)on for field service. The field gl'iss for ordinary issue is a six-lens, low-power glass, selected by a board of experts from about one hundred and fifty differ- ent patterns. It is as good a glass as can now be obtained for general use, but it is necessarily a compromise, since it is impracticable to obtain sharp definition, high i)ower, good light, and extended field in any single glass; consequently these qualities have been combined with a regard to their importance in the order given above. There have also been purchased for special use some glasses of sharp definition and high power, 7 {i. e., seven times the capacity of the uuassisted eye); and efforts are being made to procure a free-hand field glass of extended field, moderate power, and good definition. The material reduction in the price of aluminium has made it possi- ble for the Signal Corps to purchase field glasses in frames of this metal. Their lightness (the weight being only half that of the ordi- nary metals) enables the observer to use the glass, free hand, for a considerable time without fatigue, and if these frames prove durable they will ultimately replace the brass. EXPERIMENTAL CITY LINES. In connection with the dedication exercises of the World's Columbian Exposition, Capt. James Allen, Signal Corps, chief signal officer, Department of the Missouri, availed himself of the presence of Lieut. Maxfield and the Signal Corps detatchment from Fort Eiley to plan andoperatea line of military intercommunication comprising the greater part of the limits of Chicago. Under his orders a telegraph office was established near the headquarters of the commanding officer in the Mines building, and direct connection made with the Western Union telegraph office. This office was maintained during the entire time the troops were in Chicago and transacted a considerable amount of offi- cial business in connection with the movement of troops, furnishing supplies, etc. From the same office a military telegraph line was con- structed to Washington Park and officers established at the saluting battery at a j)oint midway down the line of formation of the troops and at the northwest corner of Washington Park. This system of connecting the headquarters of different commands with the established line of conmiercial telegraph, together with con- necting outpost cable system (telephone) with the telephone exchange of the city, will be important in connection with the employment of troops in the suppression of disorder in cities, as furnishing a certaiu and speedy means of obtaining accurate reports at headquarters as to the condition of affairs from all sections. This system Avas established on the date referred to through the courtesy and hearty cooperation of Mr. E. C. Clowry, vice-presideiit of the Western Union Telegraph Company, and other officials of that company. In establishing the telegraphic means of communication in connec- tion with the opening ceremonies of the World's Columbian Exposi- tion, the necessity of trained men and permanent means of transporta- tion was again made evident. Wagons could not be obtained quickly when needed, and there was no time to instruct men detailed from the companies to assist in the construction. 342 PAPERS AOCOMPANYmG THE The Chief Signal Officer urgently recommends that a field train, fully equip])ed and fuiuished with a full complemeut of officers, men, and horses be stationed at some post in the Department of Missouri. The present Signal Corps is necessarily a skeleton peace organiza- tion, but from time to time a company of cavalry or a detachment ot unassigned recruits should be detailed for signal duty for the period of a year or more, so as to both insure familiarity with field condi- tions, and also afford opportunities to work out military problems, involving speedy intercommunication under varying and difficult con- ditions. It is only by practice and experiment under conditions simu- lating actual hostilities, that any special corps of the Army can make itself fitted for its primary and destined occupation, that of making war. The Signal Corps is the only branch of the Army that has not now such opportunity, its small force of sergeants being eagerly and persistently sought for by the commanding officers of the more iuipor- tant iiosts of the Army. EXTENDED HELIOGRAPK PRACTICE. His important duties in charge of the systems of military telegraph lines in his department, have not prevented First Lieut. Frank Greene, Signal Corps, Chief Signal Officer, Department of Arizona, from dis- I)laying his activity and zeal in connection with the signal practice of the line, in camp and in field. Acting under the direction of his depart- ment commander, Gen. Alexander McDowell McCook, steps were taken to test the proficiency of the signal detachments at X)osts along the southern border of the dei^artment. Under Lieut. Greene's instruc- tions a series of heliograph stations were simultaneously occupied from Mount Graham, near Fort Grant, westward to Table Mountain, thence south waid to Fort Huachuca and thence eastward to Fort Bayard, an aggregate distance of 40C miles. Nine heliograph stations were occu- pied with a notice of a few days only and without preliminary recon- iioissance. The orders Avere unannounced and unexpected. Many of the officers and men were unfamiliar with the points occupied, yet by means of the excellent heliograph map of the department and the accu- rate compass bearings furnislied, communication was promptly oi)ened at the exact time specified. Capt. F. K. Ward, First Cavalry, charged with the working superintendence of these lines is entitled to much credit for his successful supervision of this work, during which, ranges from I'G to 6G miles vrere regularly worked over. Thelbllowing officers are also deserving of credit in connection Avith this work : Lieuts. Furlong and Ilartman, First Cavalry; Lieuts, Byran, Hornbrook, and "VVinn, Second Cavalry; Lieuts. Ham, Keene, Jeuks, and Leitch, Twen- ty-fourth Infantry. The value and importance of Lieut, Greene's plan is obvious when it is considered that far the greater i>art of the Department of Arizona is covered by carefully determined and well selected points from which can be observed the movements of any command, Indian or white, whereby the department commander can be kept advised of any hostile movements, and thus act intelligentl,y in operating against an enemy. It is pertinent to recall that the judicious distribution of heliograph stations in this region by INIaj, Gen, Kelson A, Miles contributed mate- rially to the successful and speedy issue of the Geronimo cami)aign. TARGET RANGES. All the target ranges of importance, are equipped with telephones or other preferred methods. The transmitters and receivers owned by the REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 343 United States of earlier pattern, and in some instances difficult of manipulation, have been thoroughly overhauled durhig the year. Tele- phones and transmitters of the latest patterns are in use at the most important ranges. As regards meteorological instruments, modifications have been made in forms of equipment, and such devices inaugurated as greatly facilitate the necessary observations. The adoption of the sling psychro- meter and the compensated aneroid materiall}^ reduce and facilitate the work of the marksman, particularly on artillery ranges. The automatic register for the anemometer renders it possible to determine the velo- city of the wind almost instantaneously; in from ten to thirty seconds, depending upon the velocity. While the register is expensive, yet it is no\v being supplied to all tlie larger artillery posts. At the request of the Commanding General of the Army, a meteorolog- ical text-book for gunners of artillery has been prepared by Capt. Charles E. Kilbourue, Signal Corps, whose varied and efficient services, both as an artillery officer and also as a meteorologist, peculiarly qualified him for this technical work. These carefully prepared instructions met the approval of the Major-General Commanding the Army, and have been i^ublished during the year. CABLES FOR HAREOR DEFENSES. The obvious necessity of concerted action to successful harbor defense renders it an imperative duty to establish means of reliable and instant coninninication between all the imx)ortant forts and harbor defenses ot our great cities. The subject is one r'ather within the jurisdiction of the Board on Permanent Fortifications, but the Chief Signal Officer has thought it his duty to advance this matter by a special estimate for $20,000 to initiate such a system of military cables and connecting land lines in ISTew York, Boston, and San Francisco as in the judgment of the board should be necessary. world's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. As full an exhibit of the working devices of the Signal Corps of the Army as was practicable, and of works of interest connected with the history of the Corps, has been made at the World's Columbian Exposi- tion under the supervision of Capt. E. E. Thompson, Signal Corps. The exhibit has elicited favorable comments from military experts and other interested visitors. The subject will be more freely treated m the next Annual Eeport, when Capt.* Thompson shall have rendered his final detailed report after the close of the Exposition. MILITARY COLLEGES. Very great interest in signaling has sprung up among students at colleges having military instructors from the Army. Twenty-two such institutions have been as liberally supplied with signal appliances and uiiiterial as a due regard for the interests of the Armj^ would permit. Most of the supplies issued are of obsolete i)attern, but even of these the demand far exceeds the supply. THE NATIONAL 3IILITIA. The Chief Signal Officer has lost no occasion to cultivate the most cordial relations with the militia and IsTational Guard of the various 344 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE States. This has been officially possible as the interest in signaling, which suddenly developed several years ago in the ISTational Guard of several States, has proved to be permanent. Eequests for signal equii)ments and for instructions as to methods of operation and man- agement are frequent, despite the discouraging answers necessarily made. Informatioji is promptly and fully given, but unfortunately the Signal Corps is not authorized under existing law to issue equipments for the use of the militia. Over half the States have asked for signal equipments and stores with the expectation and desire that the cost thereof should be charged against their allotment of the permanent appropriations made by Congress for the militia of the country. Despite the inability of the militia to procure signal equipments under the same regulations as govern the issue of other military stores sig- nal corps have been organized in several States, although necessarily equipped at private expense. ESTIMATES. After careful consideration the estimates for the regular expenses of the Signal Corps during the liscal year ending June 30, 1885, were reduced below the current appropriation, the sum asked for being $21,500 against -$22,000 for the fiscal year ending June oO, 1894. The new mil- itary telegraph line, about 112 miles in lengtli, between Forts Kinggold and Mcintosh, Tex., is being constructed under such favorable terms as leaves, from the pet-manent specific apiiropriation therefor, unex- pended moneys sufficient for Ihe maintenance of the line during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894. A. W. Gkeely, Chief tSignal Officer. The Secretary of Wae. REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF THE RECORD AND PENSION DIA^ISION. / Record and Pension Office, War Department,. October 25, 1893. Sir: In the last annual report of the Record and Pension Office, which was also the first annual report of the oflice as now coustitnted by law, considerable space was given to the conditions j)receding and resulting in the present organization and to the results accomplished by the new methods of business adopted, which were described some- what in detail. It was shown that within three months after the organ- ization of what now constitutes the Record and Pension Office the arrears of more than 40,000 cases on hand at the date of organization, in July, 1889, had been disposed of and that at the close of the fiscal years ended June 30, 1800, June 30, 1891, and June 30, 1892, not a single case of any kind remained on hand and undisposed of. During the last fiscal year the same methods of business have been continued and with the same satisfactory- results. The current work of the office has been kept closely up to date, all inquiries and other cases for action having been promptly answered and disposed of, gen- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 345 erally within twenty-four hours from tlie time of their receipt, while, with the exception of a short interval, hereinafter to be referred to, when interrupted by a serious calamity that befell the working force, the clerks not required for the transaction of the current business have been kept constantly employed in the work of reproducing, by the index-record card system, the military records of officers and enlisted men contained in the worn and mutilated rolls of the volunteer armies. The cases received and disposed of during the year were, in detail and by classification, as follows: From the Peusiou Office 137, 563 From the Second Auditor 27, 759 Remaster cases 2, 18G Desertion cases 7, 438 All other cases, mlscellaueons 28, 758 Total 203, 701 Cases on hand June 30, 1893 None. By a comparison of these figures with those given in the last annual report it will be observed that there has been a reduction in the num- ber of cases received during the last fiscal year as compared with the number received duiing the three years next preceding. This reduc- tion is due largely to the fact that the bulk of the pension claims arising under the act of June 27, 1890, has apparently been filed and the required reports of military service have been furnished to the Com- missioner of Pensions. But the reduction in labor is more apparent than real, and there is reason to believe that the number of cases and the actual labor required for their disposition will be considerably in- creased during the i)resent fiscal year. Under a recent ruling of the Interior Department as to the proper construction of the act cited (that of June 27, 1890) the claims of surviving soldiers arising under that act which have already been reported on are being reconsidered, and it is believed that a majority of the cases in which certificates have been issued will be again referred to this office for the full military and med- ical history of the claimants. These cases are now being received in large numbers, and as they require for their reconsideration a much more comi^rehensive report than was necessary to their original adjudi- cation under the then existing jiractice of the Pension Bureau, they will add very largely to the labor of this office, es])ecially as they are so much in addition to the ordinary current work to be expected from the filing of new claims under both the old law and the new. The actual labor of the office has been, and is being, considerably augmented by the act of July 27, 1892, giving a i^ensionable status to the survivors of the various Indian wars and to the widows and ori^hans of the officers and enlisted men Avho served in those wars. This labor consists not so much in the preparation of military histories of officers and men as in the determination of questions frequently arising as to whether or not the soldier, or the organization to which he belonged, was in the military service of the United States at the time the service was rendered, and whether he served the requisite time to give him a -pen- sionable status under the law. The determination of these questions is often difficult and perplexing by reason of the meager and imperfect character of the records of the militia and volunteer organizations employed for short periods and at intervals during the Indian disturb- ances, involving, in many instances, a laborious and extended search of the ancient records of departmental correspondence, state papers and the enactments of Congress. Besides these questions connected with service in the Indian wars, 346 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE similar questions relating to troops emi)loyed during tlie war of the rebellion are constautly arising, tlie determination of wbicb, as well as many others not easily classilied, involves an amount of labor not adequately rei)resented in statistical reports of cases received and dis- posed of. INDEX-KECOED CARD WOUK. The work of reproduciug the individual military records of officers and enlisted men of the volunteer service by the index-record card system was fully described in tlie last annual report. At the close of tiie fiscal year ended June 30, 1892, the rolls of all the States but Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois had been carded according to this system. Work had also been begun on the State of Pennsyl- vania. During the last fiscal year the rolls of Pennsjivania, Ohio, and Indiana were carded, and work was begun on the records of Illinois. At the date of this report work on the rolls of the latter State is in progress and will be completed within a few weeks, leaving of the volunteer rolls now on file in this Department to be included in the card system, those of the Veteran Eeserve Corps and other United States .volunteers, besides the post, detachment, and miscellaneous rolls. These are of uncertain quantity, difficult of estimation. During the last Congress, by an enactment appi-oved July 27, 1892, it was provided "that the military records of the American Eevolution and of the war of 1812, now preserved in the Treasury and Interior Departments, be transferred to the "War Department, to be preserved in the Eecord and Pension Division [Office] of that Department, and that they shall be properly indexed and arranged for use." The records whose reproduction by U\e index-record card system is contemplated by this enactment have not yet been transferred to this Department, and, their volume not being known, the time required to include them in the general sj'stem of index-record cards can not be estimated with any degree of accuracy. It may here be remarked that the value and utility of this system of reproducing and i:)reserving the records of the military service is becoming more manifest as the work approaches completion and the results are made available in the current business of the Department. Besides the preservation of the original records from destruction and the advantages afforded for the discovery and reproduction of individ- ual military histories, as pointed out in former reports, much has been gained, by the scrutiny to which the records have been subjected, in a more perfect knowledge of the real status of military and semi-military organizations and their individual members; and in numerous instances it has been discovered that organizations which were not in the military service of the United States have in the past been given recognition, by departmental action, as United States troops, while other troops, which have heretofore been denied recognition as United States soldiers, have, upon investigation, been found to be entitled to such recognition. In sucli cases the rolls of the former class of troops have been i)laced where they will receive only the consideration to which they are enti- tled, while those of the latter class have been given a place with the reco'ds of troops in the United States service. This determination of the military status of the several classes of .troops has been an impor- tant feature of tlie carding of the records, and one that has required much time and research for its acconiidishment. During the fiscal year 8,421,178 index-record cards were made and placed on file. This number, added to the cards filed in previous years, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 347 makes a total of 35,099,755 index-record cards, and all so filed that the cards relating to any one individual soldier can readily be found. DISASTER AT TENTH STREET BUILDINa. Reference has been made in this report to a serious calamity that has befallen the clerical force of the office during the past year and by i-eason of Ti'hich the work of carding the military records was tempo- rarily interrupted. On the 9th of June, 1893, at about 10 o'clock a. m., while the clerks in the building on Tenth street, known as Ford's Thea- ter building, were engaged in their work, portions of the floors of the second and third stories of the building fc41, carrying with them many of the clerks and resirlting in the death (immediately or within a few days thereafter) of twenty-two persons and the more or less serious maiming of many others. This terrible disaster was the more appalling because danger had not been anticipated. The building was an old one, but had been repeatedly examined by experts and pronounced entirely safe. It was purchased by the Government in ISOG, was entirely remodeled, and has sir.ce been used by the War Department for various purposes, princi- pally for the storage of the Arn;y Medical Museum, the library of the Surgeon-General's office, the medical records of the Army and the accommodation of the officers and clerks employed in connection there- with. Some time after the building came into the possession of the Government a considerable expenditure was nmde upon it in the way of thoroughly strengthening its walls, and for many years subsequently its floors bore with perfect safety the immense weight of the museum, library, and hospital records, but all of these had been removed from the building several years before the catastrophe occurred. As the weight of the clerks employed in the building was many times less than that removed therefrom, there was no ground for apprehension that the building was not a safe one for the purpose for which it has latterly been used, viz, for office purposes for the use of clerks and the storage of the few records upon which they were at the time being engaged in copying. For the comfort and convenience of the clerks so employed it became desirable to supply the building with electric lights and ventilating fans, and for this purpose an excavation was made under the building by a contractor to whom this necessary part of the work had been intrusted. This work included the underpinning of certain piers upon which the floors in part rested, and it was during the progress of this work, and probably in consequence of it, that the disaster occurred. In a substantial building as this was known to be, and under the superintendence of a competent builder, there was no reason to believe that the work was not entirely safe and free from danger to the persons occupying the building at the time. That the confidence felt in the safety of the building during the progress of this work was not well founded is shown by the unfortunate results that followed. The families of some of the killed in this most deplorable accident are understood to be in a destitute condition, and the widows and orphans of those whose lives were thus sacrificed in the public service, and those "who were seriously injured, are earnestly commended to the generosity of the Government. Yery respectfully, F. C. AiNSWORTH, Colonel, U. 8. Army, Chief, Record and Pension Office. The Secretary of War. 348 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE REPOET OF PUBLICATION OF WAR RECORDS. War Department, War Records Office, Washington, June 30, 1S03. Sir: The Board of Publication of the Official Records of the Rebel- lion begs leave to submit the following report of its operations duriug the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893 : Eleven thousand copies each of Volumes xxxix, Parts ii and iii; XL, Parts I, II, and iii, and XLi, Parts i and ii, and 7,500 copies each of the reprint of Volumes i to v, inclusive (authorized by the act of August 5, 1892, for the purpose of completing incomplete sets), have been printed and bound by the Public Printer, and have been deliv- ered to and distributed from the document room of the War Records Ofiice during the year ending June 30, 1893. Five more volumes were printed and are in different stages of indexing at the close of the year. These books cover the operations in Keiitucky, southwest Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and north Georgia (the Atlanta campaign excepted), Mny 1 to November 13, 18G1; the operations in southeast Virginia and North Carolina, June 13 to July 31, 1804 (in- cluding Richmond, Petersburg, etc.); the operations in Louisiana and the transmississippi States, etc., July 1 to December 31, 1864; the operations in Southeast Virginia and North Carolina, August 1 to December 31, 1SG4 (including Richmond, Petersburg, etc.); the opera- tions in northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylva- nia, August 4 to December 31, 1804 (including Opequon, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, etc.). Of the edition authorized by the act of August 5, 1892, for the use of Congress, 500 co^nes each of 38 books have been printed, and 17 of these have been bound, and distributed through the document rooms of the House and Senate. Satisfactory progress has been made in the work of indexing the Con- federate Archives. A modification of the excellent system of card in- dexing now in use in the Record and Pension Office has been applied to the letters, orders, vouchers, muster rolls and returns which make up t1ie collection, and it is hoped to finish the work during the coming fiscal year. The inquiry instituted by this office to ascertain what societies or , persons vrere entitled to receive the reprint of the volumes authorized at the first session of the Fifty-second Congress has developed the fact tliat about 500 of the original 11,000 beneficiaries have, by reason of death or removal, ceased to receive the sets originally assigned them. The result is that, beginning with Volume xxx, there are on hand iJOO sets of the work which are not available for distribution on account of the absence of the earlier volumes. As the stereotype plates have been l)reserved, it is estimated that it will cost less than 50 cents per volume to reprint these books, and thus comx^letc and make available for dis- tribution the sets to which they belong. It is therefore respectfully recommended that authority be obtained for reprinting 500 copies of Volumes i to xxx, inclusive, with a view to their distribution by mem- bers of the Fifty-third Congress. The inquiry for complete sets of the work, and for separate volumes, from societies and individuals who desire to purchase them, steadily increases. To meet this demand it is respectfully recommended that 1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 349 anthority be obtained for i^riuting 1,000 copies of tbe entire work from the plates now in tlie hands of the Public Printer. In closing, it again gives the Board great i^leasnre to recognize the efficient assistance it has received from the officers engaged on the work, and from the employes connected with the different departments of the office. Their labors have been zealous and untiring and the services rendered by them have been entirely satisfoctory. Geo. B. Davis, Major and Judf/e-Advocate JJ. 8. Army. Leslie J. Perry, Civilian Exjyert. J. W. KiRKLEY, Civilian Expert. The Secretary of War. KEP OET OF THE BOAPvD OF COMMISSIOXEES OF THE SOLDIEES HOME. The Soldiers' Home, Office of the Board of Commissioners, WasMngton, D. C, October 23, 1893. Sir : In compliance with section 1 of the act of Congress approved March 3, 1883, prescribing regulations for the Soldiers' Home in the District of Columbia, I have the honor to submit the following report of the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home for the year ended September 30, 1893: The following statement shows the gain and loss in the number of inmates during the year: On the rolls September 30, 1892. Afliiutted since lieadiuitted since Total. Eegular. 980 173 171 1,324 Tem- porary. Total. 209 339 1,189 512 171 5i8 1,872 Withdrawn from the Home . .. Dropped, dismissed, etc Died Transferreci to permanent roll Total ^'umber on the roll September 30, 1893 153 110 51 261 10 204 153 371 04 204 317 475 792 1,007 1,080 The total number of inmates September 30, 1893 (1,080), are accounted for as follows : Present at the Home, 710 ; on outdoor relief, 299 ; on fur- lough, 45 ; in the Government Hospital for the Insane, 18 ; suspended, 8. The daily average number of inmates during the year was 751; last year, 745, and the i^receding year, 718. Of the 04 deaths reported, 38 died at the Home, 14 were members absent on outdoor relief, 4 in the hospital for the insane, 7 in Wash- ington, and 1 was accidentally killed while on furlough. Temporary relief to destitute discharged soldiers who were not entitled to regular admission was given during the year to the extent of 3,720 meals and lodgings for a few nights to 170 men. 350 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Outdoor relief was witlidrawn from members who are either receiv- ing pensions from the Government of $8 or more per month or who have property or employment which places them beyond actual need, as such aid can be given only to men who are in absolute need of assistance to inaintain themselves, the current income of the Home being insufficient to permit a more liberal extension of this benefit. # * # * * * * , The following changes occurred during the year m the Board of Com- missioners and the officers of the Home: Brig, Gen. Beekman DuBarry, commissary-general of subsistence, retiied December 4, 1892; was succeeded by Brig. Gen. John P. Haw- kins, December 22, 1892. Brig. Gen. Charles Sutherland, surgeon-general, retired May 29, 1893; was succeeded by Brig.-Gen. George M. Sternberg May 30, 1893. Brig. Gen. John C. Kelton, U. S. Army (retired), governor of the Home, died July 15, 1893, and Brig. Gen, David S. Stanley, U, S. Army (retired), was appointed by the President to succeed him on September 8, and entered upon his duties as governor on September 13, 1893. Under an opinion given by the Attorney-General, the Acting Judge- Advocate-General of the Army (Col. G. iNorman Lieber) became a member of tlie Board of Commissioners November 12, 1892. The sanitary condition of the Home has been excellent throughout the year and there has been no prevalent or ex)idemic disease among the inmates. Good discipline, without undue restrictions, lias been maintained and the inmates have been supplied with wholesome, well-prepared food, comfortable clothing, and excellent quarters, with bathing facili- ties sufficient to insure bodily cleanliness. There is a good library at the Home, containing about G,000 volumes, and daily and weekly newspapers and monthly magazines are provided, also billiard tables and various kinds of games, affording pleasant pas- time to those who desire to avail tlicmselves of the library and amuse- ment room. Very respectfully, J. M. SCIIOFIELD, Major- General Commanding the Army, President Board of Commissioners. The Seceetaey of War. EEPORT OF THE BOARD OF VISITOPvS TO THE ITJSHTED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY FOR THE YEAR 1893. To the Secretary of War, the President of the Senate, and the Sjjealier of the House of Itcpresentativcs: The following report of the Board of Visitors to the United States Military Academy at West Point for the year 1893 is resi)ectfully sub- mitted. The Board of Visitors was appointed in accordance with the provi- sions of the Revised Statutes of the United States, sections 1327, 1328, and 1329. These Statutes contain the authority for the appointment of the Board, the purpose for which it is appointed, and the nature and scope of its duties. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF ^YAR. 351 NAMES OF THE BOARD OF VISITORS. In accordance with tliese provisions of the law relating thereto, the following gentlemen were appointed and requested to convene at the Military Academy on or hefore June 1, 1893: APPOINTED BY THE PP.ESIDEXT OF THE UXITED STATES. 1. Hon. Charles S. Faikciuld Xcw York, N. Y. 2. Hon. Hexry L. Pieuc'e Boston, Mass. 3. Hon. Fp.axk Thomsox Pliiladelpliia, Pa. 4. Gen. A. C. McCiathg Cliicago, 111. 5. Ruv. Joiix W. DixsMOP.E San Jose, Cal. 6. Prof. Edwix a. Aldekmax i.ieensboro, N. C. 7. Hon. Joiix P. Rea Winueapolis,Miuu. APPOIXTED BY 1HE PUESIDEXT OF THE SEXA.TE. 8. Hon. S. M. CULLOM Springfield, HI. 9. Hon. E. D. White New Orleans, La. APPOIXTED BY THE SPEAKER OF 7HE HOUSE OF REPRESEXTATIVES. 10. Hon. Joseph Wheeler Wheeler, Ala. 11. Hon. James S. Gorman Chelsea, Mich. 12. Hon. Hexry H. Bixgham Philadelphia, Pa. ORGANIZATION. A meeting was called in the Board rooms at the West Point Hotel on Thursday afternoon, June 1, at 3:30 ©'clock. A quorum of the Board of Visitors being present, the Board was organized by the unanimous selection of Hon. Shelby M. Cullom as president, Hon. Charles S. Fairchild as vice-president, and Prof. Edwin A. Alderman as secretary. WORKING- COMMITTEES APPOINTED. At the second session of the Board the j)resident announced the com- mittees as follows : Appointments and examinations. — Messrs. Fairchild, Thomson, and Wheeler. Discipline and instruetion. — Messrs. Wheeler, Alderman, and Dins- more. Armament and equipment. — Messrs. Eea, White, and Bingham. Buildings, grounds, and lights. — Messrs. Gorman, Pierce, and McClurg. Supplier and expenditures. — Messrs. Dinsmore, Thomson, and Pierce. Fiscal affairs. — Messrs. McClurg, Thomson, and Fairchild. Miscellaneous affairs. — Messrs. Alderman, White, and Cullom. The hour of 2:30 p. m. was fixed upon as the time for the daily meet- ing of the Board. The Hon. Henry H. Bingham was prevented from attending by serious illness. Hon. James S. Gorman reported on June 2, and assumed his duties as a member of the Board. TlieBonrd practically completed its labors on Saturday, June 10, and Messrs. Cullom, Pierce, McClurg, and Gorman were called away on that day. 352 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE APPOINTMENTS AND EXAMINATIONS. Committee on appointments and examinations. — Messrs. Cuap.les S. Fairchild, Frank Thomson, and Joskph AVheeler. The committee on examinations and appointments reports tliat tlie individnal members have attended many of the examinations, and that thej' were impressed with the accuracy of knowledge which the cadets sliowcd therein; the work done was strong testimony to the thorough- ness of the instructors' work as well as to the diligence of the students. The only suggestion which the committee wishes to make in this regard is that the cadets should be taught to enunciate their words more clearly and distinctly; where all else is so clear and exact a thick and blurred utterance is all the more marked. The committee wishes to renew the recommendations of previous Boards of Visitors that the requirements for admission be raised and that the number of cadets be gradually iucreascd. We regard it as a pity that the largest possible number of youth should not share the advantages of the admirable plant, education, and training which West Point affords. It is also a pity that the minds of the young men should not have had enough training and gained enough scoi^e before coming here to enable them at once upon entering the Academy to begin to get the fullest benefit from the intellectual resources which are offered to tliem. If this were the case it seems to the committee that the intel- lectual life begun here would continue and go on to fuller develop- ment on the part of more Army officers than in the past. Chas. S. Fairchild, Chairman. Frank Thomson. Joseph Wheeler. DISCIPLINE AND INSTRUCTION. Committccon discipline and insintction. — Messrs. Joseph Wheeler, Edwix A. Alder- JiAN, and John W. Dixsmore. Your committee has investigated the subjects within its province and is unable to suggest any improvement in the methods of discipline at the Military Academy. The most able and intelligent administration of the affairs of the Military Academy by the Superintendent and staff, the commandant of cadets, and his assistants is worthy of the highest commendation. All infractions of the rules arc certainly and in'omptly imnished with absolute justice and impartiality. The committee is pleased to observe that a very high degree of respect is entertained by the cadets toward the officers and professors, and also that these gentlemen fully recip- rocate this ieeling and use all proper efforts to impress young gentle- men with their confidence in them, all of which tends to increase man- liness and self-resiu'ct on the part of the cadets. ******* The professors, assistant professors, and instructors are devoted to their duties to the cadets and to the institution, and their methods fully attain the high i)urposes for which the Academy was established. The committee is of opinion that measures should be adopted to give the professors more opportunities to visit and inspect the colleges of this and, if i)Ossible, other countries, and as under the present regular REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 353 tioiis assistant professors and instructors can only remain four years at the Academy, it would be advantageous for tliem to spend a year at some college of note before commencing tlieir four years' tour as instruct- ors at the Academy. The committee wishes it to be fully understood that this recommendation is not made because it sees any defect in the system now in vogue at West Point, whicli it regards as excellent, but it thinks, as all the professors, except the chaplain, come from the grad- uates, that some such measure should be adopted to keep the Academy in touch with other institutions, and to enable it to avail itself of any improvements which from time to time may be develoi^ed. The committee finds that between September and January 1 some ten to twenty cadets of the fourth class very generally give up their studies, but remain at the Academy nntil the semiannual examination. They become careless in conduct, negligent in observance of the regula- tions, and in a measure interfere with their classmates who are devot- ing themselves to their studies and duties. It is important to reduce this evil to a minimum, and the committee recommends that measures be adopted to attain this end. The committee has considered the subject of an extension of the course of English and history, but as the committee is informed that the Academic Board is now earnestly considering this matter the com- mittee deems it best not to submit any definite recommendations. ******* In conclusion the committee can not too highly exj)ress its apprecia- tion of the ability and devotion displayed by the heads of the various departments. Josicni Wheeler, Chairman. Ernvix A. Aldermax, JOIIX W. DiNSMORE. ARMAMENT AND EQUIPMENT. Committee on Armament and Equipment. — Messrs. Jonx P. Rea, E. D. Wuite, aud Henry H. Bixgham. The committee on armament and equipment respectfully submits the following report: The committee made as careful and thorough examination of the matters falling within the scope of its duty as the limited time allowed permitted. The arms and equipments of the cadet corps and of the soldiers sta- tioned at this post were found in most excellent condition. The cavalry aud light artillery arms of the service are under very efficient instructors. The work in these two arms, however, is greatly embarrassed by the fact that the same horses are used in both. Fifty good cavalry horses should be supplied to be used exclusively by the cadet corps in the riding school and for cavalry drill. Twenty-eight privates of the cavalry detachment are required to act as drivers of the field artillery when on drill, and also to care for the artillery harness. This extra duty compels them to provide them- selves with additional clothing at their own expense. They must have both cavalry and artillery uniforms. These men have thus imposed upon them not only extra duty but extra expense. They should receive as additional pay at least $G per month for the period (about five months of the year) in which they do such extra work. This would cost the Government $840 per year. Ab. 93 23 354 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Sucli allowance would stimulate tlie men in tlieir work, would aid in securing- first-class drivers for the battery, and promote a liiglier state of discii.line and instruction. The Military Academy band, wliicli now consists of 24 enlisted musi- cians and a leader, should be increased to at least 40 members and a leader. It is a good band, well trained and equiijped, and handsomely uniformed, but it can never become what it should be as the leading military band of the nation vvithout a large increase of members. The committee would also recommend that the band leader, who is a civilian, be given the rank and pay of a second lieutenant, to enable him the more efficiently to discharge his duties. A large portion of the heavy guns at this post are old, unsafe, and of types useless in modern warfare. Your committee would join in the recommendations made by previous boards that this post be supplied with new heavy ordnance of all classes and of the best types and most improved patterns, properly mounted, and that subcaliber tubes be furnished for the heavier guns for use in target practice. We also recommend that ihe Military Academy be furnished with models of the latest improvements in ordnance as fast as they can be obtained, in order that the cadet corps may be made familiar with their mechanical details and use. In view of the importance of the ordnance department in modern warfare, and of the great responsibility resting upon the officer in charge of it at the Military Academy, we would recommend that there be placed at the head of this department a professor of ordnance and artillery, with the rank and i^ay of lieutenant-colonel. BUILDINGS, GROUNDS, AND LIGHTS. Comvntlce on hnUdinfjs, grounds, and Ji(/]i(s.—»Messxs. James S. Goeman, H. L. PiEKCE, aud A. C. McClukg. Your committee on buildings, grounds, and lights reports that the buildings in use are in very good condition, excei^ting quarters for married enlisted men. Yourcomuiittee very earnestly recommendsthat these quarters be torn dowii and rebuilt. Of these buildings there are nine sets, two families in each set, being old wooden single story buildings, in a poor state of preservation, and so situated that during the wet seasons of the year they, in a measure, act as a catch-basin for the surface water coming down the bluff. Your committee wishes to call attention to the cavalry barracks and stable and cadets' riding hall, being the only other buildings in need of impiovement and repair. We recommend that the porch on the south side and east end of these barracks, as was designed in the original specifications, should now be built, the cost of which will no doubt be submitted by the Suiierintendent. We also recommend that $2,000 be ai^propriated, in addition to the $450 already appropriated by the Fifty-second Congress, second session, ta paint the exterior of tlie stable and whitewash the interior of the sanie, ami also whitewash the interior of the cadets' riding hall. The interior walls of the latter building were whitc^washed many years ago, and it i« now chipping off, making the building look very dilapidated, and the ceiling has never been either whitewashed or painted, giving to the hall a daik and gloomy a])pearance. If white- washed; it is exi^ected that it will give better light and look more cheer- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 355 ful and be in better keeping with the other buildings on the grounds. The exterior of the stable was painted "with some jDOor material about fourteen years ago, and is now nearly half oil". The new academic building, for which Oougress appropriated $490,000, was let by contract to E. L. Pennock & Bros., of Philadelphia, Pa., for $449,000, work to commence June 15, 1891 (but it did not commence until two weeks later), the south wing to be completed and ready for use December 1, 1892, and the entire building completed and ready for use August 1, 1893. Failing to complete the building according to con- tract, application was made and the time for completion of the entire building was extended to December 1, 1893. From the calculation made by Lieut. Kuhn, the Government engineer in charge, taking as a basis the progress already made and the fact that the contractors are now and have for some tiiiie been working only six masons, at least one year more extension will be necessary to complete the building. The old academic building being torn dow^n necessarily incurs much incon- venience to both the professors and cadets for lack of the necessary room for the classes. In this extension of time the early completion of the south wing seems to have been lost sight of. It seems to the com- mittee that this is very important, and that the contractors should be urged to do all that is possible to comx^lete the south wing at a much earlier date than the completion of the whole building on December 1 of the present year. Your committee feels justified in recommending that no further exten- sion of time for completion be granted under any circumstances, and that the loenalty clause in the contract be enforced to the letter of the law. The new gas plant, for which Congresi^ api)ropriated $48,250, was let to J. J. Kennedy, of Lin wood. Pa., for $41,993. The specifications lor this contract include new building for retort house and shop, and holder with a (;apacity of 55,000 cubic feet, which, with the two small holders now in use with a capacity o*f 34,000 cubic feet, will make a total ca- pacity in the three holders of 90,000 cubic feet. With this volume of gas all the objectionable features to the present lighting will be ob- viated. By this same contract the old plant is to be entirely over- hauled and remodeled, making practically an entirely new gas plant, with all the modern improvements. There is also to be built by this contract a lime storehouse, boiler house, and governor and meter house. This contract is to be completed August 22, 1893, and no doubt will be finished by that date. The contract for extra plumbing was let for $1,100, and will be completed by September 1 next. Improved gas chandeliers have been contracted for at a total cost of $2,080, to be placed in cadet barracks. The total of these contracts will make a saving on the appropriation for iuiproved lighting of $3,077. Your committee recommends an appropriation of $40,000 for the remodeling of the interior of the old libntry building, with a special view of making it fireproof. There are about 34,000 volumes in this library, some of which are very old and of much value, and v\-e specially urge that immediate steps be taken to protect them, and also to make the interior present an appearance in keeping with the surrounding buildings. Your committee also recommends the building of one set of officers' quarters, at a cost not to exceed $7,500. All of which is respectfully submitted. Jas. S. Gorman, Chairman. H. L. Pierce. A. 0. McGlurg. 356 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE SUPPLIES AND EXPENDITURES. Committee on supplies and expenditures. — Messrs. John W. Dinsmore, Frank Thomson, and H. L. Piekck. The committee on supplies and expenditures for cadets, having attended to the duty assigned them, offers the following reiiort: We made i)articular examination of the laundry, the store, the arrangements for boarding the cadets, and such other departments of the Academy as it was our duty to inspect. We found the laundry to be very complete in all its ap])ointments and its management all that could be desired. The cadets are charged a uniform price for the work done, and this is fixed as nearly as possi- ble at such a figure as will make the laundry self-sustaining. We were much interested in the methods employed in conducting the store for furnishing supplies to cadets. This store contains a large assortment of clothing, stationery, and similar articles of convenience or necessity, all of which are purchased in large quantities and on the lowest terms, and are supplied to cadets at such a jirice as merely covers the cost of i)urchase and handling. The volume of business is about 665,000 annually. This store is undoubtedly a great convenience to the cadets, and it seems to us to be managed in an admirable manner. The mess hall, kitchen, and other departments connected with the subsistence of the cadet corps have been carefully inspected by the committee. We find that the food supplied to the cadets is entirely satisfactory in respect of variety, quantity, and quality, and that the arrangements for storing, preparing, and serving it are all that could be desired. There is, however, one thing connected with this department of which we wish to speak with emphasis. It is the urgent need of a new floor in the mess hall. The present floor is of wood, and in order to keep it clean it must be very frequently washed with water and soap. In con- sequence, it is constantly damp — indeed, thoroughly soaked — and emits an odor which is not only very disagreeable, but, as Ave believe, unwhole- some. Such a condition of things would not be endured in the dining room of any good hotel or boarding house in the country. We are, therefore, very decided and earnest in our opinion that this floor should be removed as soon as possible, and that a pavement of stone or black and white tile should be put in its place. The estimated cost of this improvement is about $4,000. We regard this as very important alike to the health and comfort of the cadets and the credit of the United States. We can not refrain from commending in the strongest terms the very efficient administration of the affairs of his department by Maj. W. F, Spurgin, treasurer, quartermaster, and commissary, battalion of cadets, whose great courtesy to the committee is also gratefully acknowledged. John W. Dinsmore, Chairman. Frank Thomson. H. L. Pierce. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 357 FISCAL AFFAIRS. Committee on fiscal affairs.— UessTS. A. C. McGlurg, Fi?ANK Thomson, and Chari.es S. Faikchild. The committee on fiscal affairs lias examined as carefully as the limited time at its disposal ^ould permit the books and accounts kept by Capt. W. H. Miller, the quartermaster and disbursing officer of the post, and Maj. W. ¥. Spurgin, treasurer of the Military Academy and quartermaster and commissary of cadets, and, judging from the exam- ination which it has been able to make, it has nothing but commenda- tion for the system and carefulness with which the records and accounts of these officers are kept. It is manifest, of course, that a committee with little previous knowl- edge of such books and accounts could in the short time at its command do little more than examine the system upon which these accounts are kept, and could not test the ultimate accuracy and correctness of its results, but it could discover nothing which did not seem to indicate the utmost care and conscientiousness on the part of the oflScers in chai"ge. The system of accounts kept in these departments, and especially the multiplicity of detail which is necessary in the office of the quarter- master and commissary of cadets, has been so fully and so frequently explained in many of the reports of previous Boards of Visitors that a repetition would seem to be entirely superfluous. After pretty minute examination into these maters the committee finds nothing new to suggest. It has discovered no opportunity and no necessity for improvement, and it feels justified in saying that it has been most favorably impressed with tlie seeming carefulness, accuracy, and simplicity with which all these accounts are kept, and with the painstakijig and thorough manner in which the duties of these officers and their assistants are performed. The statements of receipts and expenditures made upon various accounts in the office of Capt. Miller are shown in the accompanying papers, marked Exhibits A, B, and C, which Capt. Miller has volun- tarily lurnished'to the committee. As already stated, the accounts kept in the office of Maj. Spurgin are very unusual and very full of detail, inasmuch as he not only has entii'e charge of tlie mess table of the corps of cadets, and must keep its accounts, but he must also keep a detailed account with each cadet, showing the amount i)laced to his credit, whetlier from the Government or from private sources, and all charges against him for his various and necessary expenses and supplies. These accounts, which are also re- corded in a pass book kept for the information of each cadet, show at once the amount remaining to the credit of the cadet or (which occurs in very rare instances after the first year) the amount of his indebted- ness to the Government. Maj. Spurgin has now been for a number of years detailed to fill this position, and he seems to the committee not only genuinely interested in the important duties wliich devolve on him, but seems also pecu- liarly fitted by nature and by long training for the performance of these duties. A. C. McClurG", Chairman. Frank Thomson. Chas. S. Fairchild. 358 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE MISCELLANEOUS AFFAIRS. Committee on miscellaneous affairs. — Messrs. Edwin A. Aldeksian, E. D. White, and S. M. Cullom. The committee on miscellaneous affairs submits the following report: 1. The committee recommends the appointment of Herman J. Koehler, master of the sword and director of the gymnasium, as first lieutenant in the Army. The development of the body is scarcely less important than the development of the mind in the training of a soldier. It is the duty of Mr. Koehler to give this training to the cadets of the Military Academy and to command for a portion of every day the largest class of cadets in the institution. He is entirely without military rank. It is believed that the conferring of this rank will. largely increase his effectiveness and power as an instructor and thereby subserve the inter- ests of the Academy. 2. Much valuable time is lost to each recurring Board of Visitors by reason of untiimiliarity with the nature of its duties and the necessary details and methods of procedure. The present board unites with some of its predecessors in recommending the reapx)ointment each year of two or more members of the previous Board. This recommendation is made in the sincere "belief that its adoption will result in largely facilitating the transaction of business and in in- crejising the influence and usefulness of the Board as an inspecting and advisory body. Edwin A. Alderman, Chairman. E. D. White. S. M. CULLOM. ABSTRACT OF RECOaOIENDATIONS MADE BY THE* BOARD. 1. Increase of the number of cadets. 2. Elevation of the standard of admission. 3. A fuller course in history and English. ^ 4. Opportunity for professors and instructors to visit other institutions of learning. 5. Increase in number of horses, especially for cavalry purposes. G. Increase of the Military Academy band from twenty-four to forty pieces. 7. Promotion of Mr. Clappe, the band leader, to second lieutenancy in the Army. 8. Establishment of full professorshii) iri the department of ordnance and artillerv. 9. The procuring of new heavy ordnance of best types. 10. Kebuildiug the quarters of married enlisted men. 11. Improvement and repairing of cavalry barracks. 12. An approi)riation of S2,0l)0 for painting and whitewashing interior of stable and cadets' riding hall. 13. Early completion of the south wing of the academic building. 14. An appropriation of $40,000 for remodeling the interior of the library building, in order that the 34,000 volumes contained therein may be properly housed. 15. Provision for models of latest improvement in ordnance. REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 359 16. Extra pay to 28 privates of the cavalry detaclunent for extra duty required, amounting to $840 per annum. 17. An appropriation of S 7,500 for building- one set of officers' quarters. 18. An appropriation not to exceed $4,000 for a new floor of stone or tile in tlie mess liall. 19. The appointment of Mr. Koehler, dii'ector of the gymnasium, to first lieutenancy in the Army. 20. The reappointment each year of two or more members of the previ- ous Board of Visitors. TUE GRADUATION EXERCISES. The graduation exercises were held on the morning of June 12. Col. Erns t presided. The cadets received their diplomas at the hau ds of Maj . Gen. John M. Schofleld, the general commanding the Army, who accom- panied their delivery with a few graceful and impressive words to the young soldiers. Col. John M. Wilson was called out by Col. Ernst and spoke to the class with great power aud feeling of their past life at the Academy and of the duties that awaited them. The main address of the day was by the Hon. Mr. Fairchild. He was introduced by Col. Ernst and spoke as follows : ADDRESS OF HOX. CHARLES S. F.URCIllLD. GeniUmen of the grachiat'tng class : On belialf of the Board of Visitors — that body -which comes here to represent the Executive and Legislative Departments of the Governraenr of that people to -whose service you have consecrated yourselAes — and in pursuance of a custom more hon- ored, perhaps, in the breach than in the obserA\'mce, I greet you, and e:fj)ress to you the gratification v,'hich this visit bas given to the Board, as a whole, and as indiAnd- uals. To many of our inembors this Academy, while in a sense known, -was yet most imperfectlj^ known. We have been impressed v,'\i\i the completeness of your disci- pline and training, -u-ith the accuracy of knowledge which you showed in your examinations, and with the dignity of your bearing as a corps and as individual men. For inspiration you need but to hear tlie roll of your Academy ; that roll which when told over excites patriotic enthusiasm, and calls forth high emotion beyond that of the roll of any like institution in the world. We hope that your services Avill not be called for in war, and I believe they will not be needed — for this United States has grown so great in power that the nations of the world know that the issue of a con- flict with her would be but one, and knowing this, every nation will wait long before measuring our strength. The youngest of us may scarcely sec an opportunity for you to gain the honors of war, but it is open to everyone of you to Avin the honors of iieace, so beautifully described by Tennyson : Who grasps tlio skirts of happy chance, And breasts the blows of circunistanco, And grapples with his evil star, And makes hy force his merit known, And lives to clutcli the golden keys, To mold a miglity state's decrees, Aud shape the whisper of tlie throne. And, moving up from high to higher. Becomes on Fortune's crowning slope. The pillar of a people's. hoi)e. The center of a world's desire. Of more than one of the graduates of the West Point Academy all this may be truly said. It has been wittily put that duties are mean, troublesome, little things, but that duty is a great and noble thing, and yet duty is made up of duties, and if you keep yourselves always ecjuippcd by doing that which comes to your hand to the best of your ability, and thereby fulfilling your duty, all that has come to any of the gradu- ates of this Academy may come to you. 360 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE In a few years yon will begin to wonder what you have left to you of all that you have learned here. Twenty years after graduating from the old University of Har- vard, we had at each jjlato at our class dinner some of the examination papers which had been given us in college, and which we must have answered more or less well to have received our degrees at all. Not even the best of the scholars among us could then answer the questions on those papers, and to most of us they did not even sug- gest an idea. As for myself, at the end of my lirst term sophomore, I had a condition in analytical geometry, and it was necessary that I should pass an examination at the end of the A^acation in order to go on with my class. Prof, (now president) Eliot was our instructor in mathematics, and when I went to him to pass my exami- nation he at first refused to hear me because I had no certificate from a tutor that I had studied with him during the vacation. Ix)leadedwith him for several days to try me; finally he yielded and examined me throughout all one Saturday; I passed, and then thought if I knew anything I knew analytical geometry, but now analytical geometry has all gone from my mind. This, I think, will be your experience as to your studies here, except those which you will use in the years to come; and yet can it be true that you will have gained nothing? No; you will find yourselves far better equipped for the work of life — far better able to meet emergencies — than your fellowmen who have not had your train- ing, and beyond all you will take aAvay with you a something which is the product of the public opinion that exists among yourselves, and which men call bj^ the holy name, "Honor." This will be with you all your life long, and will serve you in many a trial and temptation. All men know that when a thing is said, an account certified, or an estimate made, by one who has worn the gray uniform here, and has exchanged it for the blue, that behind and sustaining it allis the honor of an oflicer of the Army of the United States. There is something else of infinite value which we carry away from these institu- tions, and that is our friendships. You love one another now, but as your ranks grow thinner you will cling more and more to the friends that you have made in this Academy. Eemember the proverb : "A friend loveth at all times, and a brother is born for adversity." Bear this in mind when the struggle comes for promotion and advancement ; never be content to receive either at the undue expense of a brother officer. If you keep yourselves always at your best, morallj^, intellectually, and i)hysically, and thus ready to grasp the opportunities which will come to you duly and nrfturally, you will not fail of reward. Eemember that all things come to him who waits and watches. Most of you, I am bound to believe, look forward to the time when you will have homes of your own. A great soldier, one who at 32 had achieved a fame which has lasted through the centuries, sends you this message. Sir Philip Sidney said: Believe nie, man, there is no greater blisse Tlian is tbo quiet joy of loving wife ; "Which, whoso wants, half of himself (loth misse; JTrieud without change, play-fellow without strife, Food without fulnesse, couusaile without pride, Is this sweet doubling of our single life. All of this — prosperity, honor, and fireside happiness — do I, In behalf of the Board of Visitors, wish to the' members of the class of 1893. CONCLUSION. After full iiivestigatiou and deliberation the Board of Visitors adopted the reports of the several committees as the reiiort of the Board, and in conclusion now submits some general remarks: The U. S. Military Academy at West Point is the only military school in the United States owned by the Government. The Academy is a growth rather than a creation. Established in 1802, it received and educated very few young men for many years, the records showing that it did not graduate a student in 1810. For many years, however, beginning soon after the close of the civil war, large classes have been graduated every year, and to-day there are few young men of any mili- tary spirit who do not desire to enter the Military Academy. The laws permit the Academy to receive only a limited number — one from each Congressional district in the United States, one from each Territory, one from the District of Columbia, and ten from the country at large. The REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 361- Board desires to reiterate, and if possible empliasize, tlie recomnieii- datiou of the coraiiiittee on appointments and examinations, that the number of cadets be increased, and that the standard of qualification for admission be raised. If better educational qualifications were re- quired of young men seeking admission, there would not be so many- rejections for failure after admission and many more cadets would be graduated every year. The Board is impressed with the belief that the Academy should be required to educate as many young men as its capacity will justify. Any policy which fails to secure to the nation the full benefit ot the institution in the education and training of its young men is neither economical nor wise. The graduates of this Academy have been equal to every emergency in our national life. The images of American history have been made luminous by the simple story of the great achievements in war and in peace of the men who were educated in this school. The young men are trained especially for the life of the soldier, to defend the honor and integrity of the nation and to protect the flag, but they are sub- ject to be called upon also to act as conservators of the peace, and sub- ject to the civil authorities. In this republican government the fact that the civil authority dominates should be impressed ui)on the minds of all young men. The spirit and temper of the American i)eople are hostile to a large standing army, and the Government only seeks to maintain a sufficient military establishment to perform such military duty as may from time to time be required to protect our frontier, man our forts and defenses, and generally to j)erform such duties as may be required of the Army in I)ursuance of the national Constitution. Ordinarily, in time of i^eace, good order must not be dependent uj^on the presence of troops and the use of the bayonet. The demand of the age is to provide schools for the education of all the youth, with opxjortunity for the highest scientific, literary, and artis- tic education, * The young men sent from the Military Academy are qualified for, and, as in the past, will be expected to organize and lead armies when occasion requires; they are equipped by proper training for war; they are equipped for the duties of civil lifc; they are also fitted to become leaders of men in war and in peace. The Academy, in the judgment of the Board, deserves and should receive the most cheerful and liberal support of the people and of the Government. The Board takes occasion in this connection to say that it has been unable to discover any want of attention to duty by any officer in any capacity connected with the Academy. Each member of the Academic Board seems to be enthusiastic in the discharge of his duties; there is that mutual interest on the part of instructor and cadet so essential to good results in school. The Board feels that words of praise are due to each and every officer connected with the Academy, whether in high or in subordinate positions. The United States as a nation has become one of the foremost nations of the earth. Its interests and position alike require that its military school should be the best and should receive generous treatment, that it may keej) pace with the advance of the nation in power and prosper- ity. We are a united and prosi)erous people, yet the little Army main- tained by the Government, officered by men educated at the exjiense of the people, should be ever ready to defend the Union. 362 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Lincoln once said, in reviewing certain military events, that "The Father of Waters again goes un vexed to the sea." No foreign govern- ment or power must ever be allowed to vex that great river, or to molest or hinder our progress in national greatness and prosperity. The committees of tlie Board have made several suggestions and ecommendations which are believed by the whole Board to be impor- tant. Some of tbem call for early attention, and all are worthy of the avorable consideration of the Secretary of War and of Congress. Eesi)ectfully submitted. S. M. CuLLOM, President. Chakles S. Fairchild, Vice-President. E. D. White. Henry L, Pierce. Frank Thomson. A. 0. McClurGt. John W. Dinsmore. Edwin A. Alderman, Secretary. John P. Eea. Joseph Wheeler. Jaivies S. Gorman. REPOET OF THE SUPEEINTENDEInT OF THE U. S. MILI TAEY ACADEMY. Headquarters U. S. Military Academy, West Point, K Y., Septemher 36, 1893. Sir: I liave the honor to submit this my annual report for the Mili- tary Academy for the year ending September 1, 1893: Having been appointed Superin.tendent by the President, by letter date4 March 23, 1893, I assumed command of the Academy and of the post of West Point under the authority contained in paragraph 2, Spe- cial Orders, No. 65, Adjutant-Generars Office, March 24, 1893, on the 1st of A])ril last, relieving Col. John M. Wilson, Cori)S of Engineers. 1 found the institution in a state of efiiciency as high as any that 1 Lave known it to reach. ^ ^ TT 5? "Te w W ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS. Tbe departments of philosophy, drawing, mathematics, chemistry, etc., liistory, etc., engineering, law, modern languages, tactics, practi- cal military engineering, and of ordnance and gunnery have maintained the high standard of instruction for which they have always been noted. W^liile the heads of these departments have not failed to keep abreast with all advances made in their special branches of knowledge and to introduce improvements when opportunity ottered, the changes in the majority of them have been of a minor character and do not call for special mention here. In the department of mathematics the appointment of an associate professor is an improvement in organization which will be of substan- tial benefit. In the department of modern languages there has been a rearrange- ment of time, beginning with the i)resent academic year, by which the REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 3C3 study of Spanish is transferred from tlie first class to tlie third class, and the time allotted to the department for Eiiglish, rrench, and Si)an- ish is arranged so that but one of these studies shall occupy its atten- tion at a time, instead of English and French alternating with each other, as before. There have been numerous changes of te-xt-bqoks in this department. The effect of the rearrangement is to give a more compact course, in which the various studies follow each other in more logical sequence, rendering it possible to accomplish more in a given time than under the old arrangement. Its effect upon the other depart- ments is to leave vacant some sixty recitations in the first-class year, to be allotted hereafter between those departments. In the department of ordnance and gunnery good progress was made in a general revision of the text-books. This work will be continued during the coming year. The department of law is the only one headed by a full professor that is not provided with an assistant professor having the pay of cap- tain mounted. It seems but just that this department should be placed upon the same footing in this respect as the others. I recommend that legislation authorizing the appointment of an assistant professor of law be solicited. ******* ^ HEALTH. As a rule ailments among the cadets during the year were of minor character and of short duration. No case of typhoid fever, scarlatina, diphtheria, or other disease due to a lack of sanitary precautions, occurred among them. The health of the other portions of the com- mand also, upon the whole, was good. For details attention is invited to the report of the post surgeon, hereto appended, marked C. The sanitary condition of the post is generally good, but there is an excep- tion in the case of the ten old wooden buildings known as Logtown, occupied by twenty soldiers' families, situated on the slope of the hill west of the engineer barracks. Owing to the high and steep slope above these buildings it is difficult to keep them dry during the winter and spring. An estimate for improving the drainage in the vicinity has been submitted this year. In continuation of the policy inaugurated twenty years ago of removing all the old wooden quarters for soldiers' families from the slopes at the northern part of the post, an estimate has also been submitted for building new quarters upon high and healthy ground with a view to pulling these down. DISCIPLINE. The state of discipline of the corps has been generally excellent. It was nececsary to convene a court-martial only once during the year, and in that case the cadet brought before it was acquitted. Offenses were couimitted in the latter part of August^ by three cadets which involved trial by court-martial, but the court had not been convened within the period covered by this report. The usual discipline was maintained in the other portions of the command by the usual methods. VISIT TO THE COLUMBIAN EXrOSITION. Under the authority contained in your letter of July 7, 1893, the battalion of cadets, the band and field mu.sic, a detachment of the lios- 364 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE pital corps, aiul tlie camp attendants, all under tlie command of tlie commandant of cadets, were ordered to Cliicago to witness tbe World's Columbian Exi^osition. They left here August 17, arriving at Cln'cago tbe following day, and left Chicago upon their return August 28. The members of the second class on furlough to August 28 were allowed to join in time for the visit. All but fifteen took advantage of the per- mission. With the exception of these fifteen, and two who were absent on sick leave, every cadet belonging to the corps accompanied it. A plat of the ground assigned for their use having been obtained a plan of their camp was prepared here and together with their camp equipage was sent in advance. Their tents were erected and camp ready for occux:>ancy upon their arrival. A contract for the subsistence of the entire command had been made with one of the exposition restaurants located near the camp ground. The Quartermaster's Department furnished the necessary transportatio]i. The exi^osition authorities gave every facility within their power, assigning for the camp ground the most desirable spot within the grounds, furnishing at their own expense the tent floors, remitting the usual royalty of 25 percent upon the receipts of the restaurant, and reducing by that amount the cost of subsistence, furnishing free entrance and exit to the grounds, etc. The object in sending the cadets to Chicago was not only to advance their education, but also to make friends for the Academy by exhibiting to large numbers of persons the excellence of their training. The visit was highly successful in both particulars. A serious breach of disci- pline by three cadets was immediately acted on by the commandant in a manner which prevented it from injuring the reputation of the cor])S. With this exception the bearing of the entire command was highly creditable. There was no accident and no sickness of conse- quence. I have little doubt that the visit has been of important benefit to the Academy. BAND. By the act of March 3, 1877, the Military Academy band was reduced- to 1 teacher of music and 24 enlisted men, which is its present author- ized strength. Of the enlisted men G receive $34i)er month, 6, $20, and the remaining 12, $17, with the usual allowances of enlisted men. At the time of this reduction the band consisted of 1 teacher of music and 40 enlisted musicians of whom 10 received $34 and the remaining 30 received $30 per month, with the usual allowances of enlisted men. Since that date every Superintendent of the Academy, with perhaps one exception, and many or all Boards of Visitors have recommended an increase of the band. The Board of Visitors this year recommend that the band be increased to at least 40 members and a leader. To any one familiar with music it needs no argument to prove that the present numbers and pay are not sufficient. Is a good band really necessary to the practical efficiency of the Academy, is the only question which can be asked. The answer is plain when the purj^ose which the band sub- serves is considered. JMilitary pomp has a serious and practical object — the cultivation of the military spirit. It is in the same category with patriotic songs, discipline, and monuments to dead heroes. There is no more essential part of it than good music. I recommend that the band be restored to the numbers and pay Avhichithad before the reduc- tion in 1877. I recommend, further, that the leader receive the rank, pay, and emoluments of a second lieutenant of infantry. The increase is desired not for the purpose of gratifying au idle vanity or merely to REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 365 provide pleasure, but to improve tlie finer polish given to the finished product of the Academy. w « * * * * * MASTER OF THE SWORD. The swordmaster is also the instructor in gymnastics and swimming. He is a civillian, appointed by the Secretary of War. The present incumbent has worked up an admirable course of gymnastics for the corps of cadets. His system of calisthenics has been adopted by the War Department for the use of the Army. He is required to preserve discipline and to exercise control of cadets while under his instruction. It would greatly strengthen his hand if he should have military rank, and, in view of the great and increasing importance of his department, I recommend that legislation be solicited giving him the rank, pay, and emoluments of a first lieutenant of infantry. BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. The report of the post-quartermaster, who is also quartermaster and disbursing officer of the Academj^, is hereto appended, marked G. Attention is invited especially to the explanations given therein why an increase of the detachment of Army-service men is necessary. The force is not sufficient to properly care for the post. The same is true of the regular annual appropriation for repairs and improvements. An increase of that item has been asked for in the estimates. The new gymnasium building was completed sufficiently for use last autumn, and with the consent of the contractor it was occupied l^ovem- ber 1, 1892. Certain small items of work remained to be done to finally complete the building, but these the contractor refused to do, alleging that they formed no part of his contract. The controversy over this subject has lasted through the year, though it seems now to be in a fair way to settlement. Final payment has not yet been made. The building has been thoroughly equipped with modern appliances. It has proved a source of great benefit, as well as pleasure, to the cadets. It is perhaps the most important addition to the equipment of the Acad- emy that has been made for many years. The progress made during the year upon the new academic building has been much less rapid than was hoped, and there is little prospect that any portion of it will be ready for use during the present academic year. The material and workmanship are satisfactory. The time for completing the contract has been extended to September 15, 1894, with the condition that all additional expenditures made necessary to t^e United States by reason of the extension of time are to be deducted from sums due the contractor. The contract is for completing the building without the high clock tower, which formed part of the original design, the funds available not being sufficient to include the tower. The construction of this tower is so important, both as an architectural feature and as a means of displaying prominently the clock, that I have submitted an estimate for an additional api)ropriatiou for the purpose of building it. The new building for sinks and bathrooms for cadets and the new boiler house are well advanced, and it is hoped may be ready for use before the end of October. 366 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE The new gas works are also well advanced and it is expected will be completed about the end of October. The contractors are behind time with all of these buildings. In the cadet barracks new gas fixtures, each consisting of a two-light pendant, besides a sliding droplight, were placed in all the living rooms. With the abundant su})})!}- of gas to be provided by the new works there should be no further com])laint of iusufQcient light. The battle mouument has made but little progress during the year, owing to a strike among the grauite-workers and unforeseen difficulties in the preparation of the polished shaft. Yery respectfullv, vour obedient servant, o. H. ee:n^st, Colonel of Engineers, Super intendent. The Adjutant-General, U. S. AR.^rv, Washington, I). G. EEPOKT OF THE CHIEF OF EKGINEEES, UNITED STATES ARMY. Office of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, Washington, D. C, September 19, 1893. Sir: I have the honor to present for your information the following report upon the duties and operations of the Engineer Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893: ******* fortifications. During the past fiscal year projects have been prepared for the defense of Tybee Roads and the entrance of Savannah River, Georgia j of Xarragausett Bay, Rhode Islaud; of Charleston. S. C, and Pensa- cola, Fla., and a partial project for the defense of New Orleans, La. The complete projects have received the approval of the Secretary of War; and in subndtting an estimate for gun and mortar emplacements, the commencement of work on each of these new projects has been contemplated, as well as the continuation of work ou projects hitherto prepared. The amount of this estimate is 81,029,121); and this it is proposed to apply almost wholly to new works. sites for fortifications. Tliese are acquired by condeuiuation, purchase, or donation, as authoiized by the act approved August 18, 1890. During the fiscal year payment has been made for five small lots, part of tlie site for mortar batteries, and for three lots, part of the site for a gun battery, at Grovers Cliff, Ma.ss. About four acres remain to be acquired at these sites. Condemnation ])roceedings to acquire this remnant were instituted, but sus])ended ou receipt of favorable propo- sitions to sell. The acceptance of these has been authorized, but the purchase is still incomx)Iete. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 367 IsTear Fort Wadsworth four tracts baving an area of 83 acres, with tlie builclings thereon, have been acquired by condemnation. The value of this property as adjudged by the court of condemnation in Novem- ber, 1892, was $568,000; and the price paid by the United States Jan- uary 9, 1893, was $599,497.30. The excess of the price paid over the adjudged vahie inckides costs, extra allowances, interest for one month and fifteen days at C per cent, servi(jes of district attorney and com- missioners, and exx)enses attending condemnation. By the act of the legislaUire of the State of IsTew York, March 27, 1893, jurisdiction was ceded to the United States over the land acquired adjacent to the eastern side of the Fort Hamilton reservation. By act approved July 23, 1892, an ai)propriatiou of $25,000, or so much thereof as might be necessary, was made " to enable the Secretary of War, in his discretion, to purchase the land adj»)ining the Government reservation at Sandy Hook, IST. J., now belonging to the grantees of the Highland Beach Association of IsTew Jersey, together with the right of way irom said land to the main line of thft Central Bailroad Company of New Jersey, together vrith the rails, ties, switches, and all the rail- road equipment on said lands." The i)urchase has been made at a cost of $25,000; the area acquired is represented as being nearly 28. acres. Proceedings were continued looking to the acquisition of 90.6 acres at Sheiidans Point below Washington, D. C, on the Potomac Kiver. The connuissioners first appointed to appraise this tract assessed it at $140 jier acre. This figure being considered excessive, new proceed- ings were instituted. The commissioners under the new proceedings appraised the land at about $150 per acre. The United States district attorney was of the opinion that no lower appraisement could be hoped for, and hence the last was accepted and the report of the commis- sioners was confirmed June 10, 1893. The award of $13,576.87 was paid in July, 1893, in conformity to the orders of the United States circuit court for the eastern district of Virginia. A tract of 54.05 acres at Point Lobos, Cal., was condemned, and December 29, 1892, the award therefor of $75,000 and incidental expenses so far reported, amounting to $406.10, have been paid. This tract is to be used as a site for part of the defenses of San Francisco. At Cushings Island, Portland Harbor, Me., a detailed survey has been made to determine the minimum area needed on that island as a site for batteries for the defense of the harbor. The Secretary of War has requested the Department of Justice to institute proceedings for the condemnation of about 33.4 acres. After payment is made for the tracts at Sheridans Point, Ya,, and Cushings Island, Me., the balance of available funds will probably not exceed $75,000. It is estimated that nearly 1,700 acres should be acquired at different localities on the coast; much of this land continues to increase in value from year to year, and it is to the interest of the Government that it should be acquired at an earlj^ date. Therefore, an estimate of $500,000 is submitted for the purchase of sites for seacoast defenses. * * . * * * * * MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. The Mississippi Eiver Commission, constituted by act of Congress of June 28, 1879, is in charge of the improvement of Mississi])pi Kiver between the mouth of Oliio liiver and the Head of the Passes and of surveys of the entire river. 368 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE The commissioners during tlie past year were Col. C. B. Oomstock, Corps of Engineers, president 5 Lieut. Col. Charles E. Suter, Corps of Engineers; Maj. O. H. Ernst, Corps of Engineers; Henry L. Whiting, assistant, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey; B. M. Harrod, Eobert S. Taylor, and Henry Flad. The report of the Commission upon the operations under its charge for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, is submitted as Appendix Y Y. * * '^* * * * * MISSOURI RIVER COMMISSION. Tlie Missouri Eiver Commission, constituted by act of Congress of July o, 188i, is in charge of the improvement and surveys of the Mis- souri Eiver below Sioux City, Iowa. The commissioners during the past year were Lieut. Col. Charles E. Suter, Corps of Engineers, president; Maj. A. Mackenzie, Corps of Engineers; Maj. O. H. Ernst, Corps of Engineers; G. C. Broadhead, and E. S. Berlin. The report of the Commission upon the operations under its charge for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, is submitted as Appendix Z Z. BRIDGING NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES. Plans and locations of the following bridges proposed to be erected under the authority of special acts of Congress have been examined with a view to protection of the interests of navigation and have been approved by the Secretary of War as provided by the acts; and the local engineer oflicers have been furnished with copies of the instru- ments of approval and drawings showing plans and locations, and charged with supervision of the construction of the bridges so far as necessary to see that they are built in accordance with the approved T)lans: 1. Bridge of the Marietta and ]Vo7'th Georgia Railway Comimny {suc- cessor to the Knoxvillc Southern Railroad Company) across Tennessee River at Knoxville, Term. * * * 2. Bridge of the Saint Paul, Minneapolis aiul Manitoha Railway Com- imny across Columbia River hetwecn Douglas and Kittitas counties, ^Yash. * * * 0. Bridge of tlie Chesapcal:e and Ohio Railroad Company across Big- Sandy River at Catlettshurg, Ky. * * * . 4. Bridge of the Neuport and Cincinnati Bridge Company across Ohio River at Cincinnati, Ohio. * * * 5. Bridge of the West Elizabeth Bridge Company across Monongaliela River at Elizabeth, Pa. * * * 6. Bridge of the Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad Company across St. Marys River, Georgia, and Florida. * * * 7. Bridge of the Southern Bridge and Railway Company across Missis- sippi River above New Orleans, La. * # * 8. Bridge of the Occidental Bridge and Construction Company across Missouri River at St. Charles, Mo. * * * 9. Bridge of the Omaha Bridge and Terminal Railway Company [for- merly the Interstate Bridge and Street Raihvay Company) across Mis- souri River between Council Bluffs, Iowa, and Fast Omaha, N'ebr. * * * ' * * * * REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 369 10. Bridge of tlie Litelifield^ GarroUtoii and Western Railroad Com- pany across Illinois River at Cohnnhiana, III. * * * 11. Bridge of the Homestead and Pittshurgh Bridge Comimmj across MonongaJtela River heticeen Bittshurg and Homestead, Pa. ******* 1^. Bridge of {fie XatcMtoclies Cane River Bridge Company across Cane River at JS^atcMtoches, La. # * * 13. Trestle and bridges of the Mobile and Dauphin Island Railroad and Harbor Company from Cedar Point to Bauphin Island, Alabama, across the shoal seeder between 2Iobile Bay and Mississijypi Soitnd. * * * * * * * I. Bridge of the Youghioghcny Central Railway Company across Youghiogheny River in Fayette County, Pa. * * * f?. Bridge of the State Line Railroad Company across Cheat River at Point Marion, Pa. * * * 3. Bridge of Stanislaus County, Cal., across San Joaquin River near Grayson. * * * 4. Bridge of the Philadelphia Belt Line Railroad Company across Franlford Creel-, Philadelphia. * * * 5. Bridge of the Xortli Galveston, Houston and Kansas City Railroad Company across Dicldnson Bayou, Texas, about one half mile above its mouth. * * * 6. Bridge of the city of Kewaunee, Wis., across Kewaunee River, at Parle Street. * * * 7. Bridge of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company across Hacl-ensacJc River, New Jersey. * * * ise of affording relief to commerce by this class of work. It is recognized tliat to be at all efficient this dredging must be done on a scale rarelj^, if ever, previously attempted. The character of dredge to be used, the manner and possible speed of working, and above all the best method of disposing of the dredged material, are points of great importance which must be settled before the great cost of the final plant required should be incurred. The exi^erimental dredge now building is designed to throw light on these points as far as possible. It is expected tliat it will be completed in time to be used during the low water of the present season. The Connnission has, therefore, also reserved from other allotments a sum sufficient to construct a dredge boat of suffi- cient size and capacity to fully apply the results of these experiments on the practicability of the temporary improvement of navigation by such means. HIGH W^ATER OF 1893 AND LEVEES. The volume of discharge of the flood of 1893 was of very much more than average magnitude, and it is possible in this respect, after the discharge measurements are i)repared, that in some i:>arts of the river it may rank among the very great floods. The volume contained between levees was greater than ever before. The following dates and stages at different localities on the main river and its tributaries show clearly the sources from which the contributions were received : Feet. Cinciuuati, May 2 50. 6 Cliattanooiin, May G 28.2 Kashville/MavO.' 19.9 St. I.onis, May 3 31. 5 Ca iro, May 9 ". 49.3 Little Koc-k, May 3 25.2 Alexandria, May 27 21 The northern tributaries of the Ohio, the St. Francis, White, and Yazoo were also excessively high during the month of May. It will thus be seen that very large discharges combined from all flood-making REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF \YAR. 379 sources, exc STATEMENT. Aiipropriation for sJilarics and exjienses Mississippi Kivor ConmiissioTi:" ]5alanco on hand May 31, 1892 $138.26 Balance ou hand May 31, 1893 138.26 Appropriation for survey of Mississippi Eiver: Balance on hand May 31, 1892... 7.08 Balance on ]iand May 31, 1893 .. ..^.. ............................ .. 7.08 Api)ro})riation for improving Mississij^iii Eiver; Balance ou hand May 31, 1892 . . .... 986,375.18 Appropriated, act of July 13, 1892 ............................... 2,470,000.00 Total 3,456,375.18 Expended, Juno 1, 1892, to May 31^ 1893.......................... 2,653,471.92 Balance on hand May 31, 1893. „.. 802,903.26 Distributed as follows: Levees 194,193.70 Channel works 81, 559. 60 Harbors and bank protection 245, 199. 19 Red and Atchafalaya rivers.. 139,973.00 Surveys, gauges and observations S8, 880. 67 Plant, Mississipiii Elver Commission, and miscellaneous 103, 097. 10 Total 802,903.26 Approximate outstanding liabilities and amounts covered bv existing contracts ." 295,492.82 Estimate of funds hy the Mississijipi Elver Commission for the fiscal year ending June SO, 1SD5. For improving Mississippi River from Head of the Passes to the mouth of the Ohio River, including salaries, clerical, office, traveling, and miscel- laneous expenses of the Mississippi Eiver Commission $2, 665, 000 For improving harbors at: New Madrid, Mo 75,000 Memphis, Tenu 100,CX)0 Greenville, Miss 200,000 Vicksburg, Miss. (Delta Point) 1.50,000 Natchez, Miss., and Yidalia, La 400, 00^) New Orleans, La ' 300,000 For improvement at head of Atchafalava and mouth of Eed Kiver, Louis- iana .■ 350,000 C. B. COMSTOCK, Colonel of Engineers, Bvt. Brig. Gen., U. S. A., Fresident IHssissippi River Commission. Chas. R. Sutee, Lieut. Col. of Engineers. B. M. Haerod, E. S. Tayloe, O. H. Eenst, Major of Engineers. Henry Flad,'C. E,, Henry L. "Whiting, TJ. 8. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Brig-. Gen. Thomas L. Gasey, Chief of Engineers, TJ. S. A. Coiieuri'iiig: in tlie iiiadvisability of an attempt to create new outlets from the Mississip\)i Eiver whicli sliall be large streams at all stages of the river, we do not wish to be understood as condemning the use REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. " 383 iu the levees of long waste weirs to take off tlie top of the flood if it shall be found that at certain places in the lower part of the river the farther increase in flood flow which will come from raising the levees at points farther up the river can be controlled in whole or in part by- such waste weirs more economically than by higher levees. C. B. Comstoce:, Colonel of Engineers^ Bvt. Brig. Gen. U. S. A., President Mississippi River Commission. O. H. Ernst, Major of Engineers. Henry Flad, 0. E,, Henry L. Whiting, TJ. S. Coast and Geodetic Siirvey. The signatures of Henry Flad and Henry L. Whiting have been added at their request. C. B. C. 4» EEPOET OF THE .CHIEF OF OEDIs'AIs^CE. War D*epart3ient, Ordnance Office. Washington, October 1, 1893. ■ Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the principal operations of the Ordnance Department during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, with such remarks and recommendations as the interests of this branch of the military service seem to reqirire. The fiscal resources and exx)enditures of the Department during the year were as follows, viz : Amonut in tlie Treasury to the credit of the appropriations on Juno 30, 1892 $4,988,860.80 Amount in the Treasury not reported to the credit of the appropria- tions on JuneSO, 1892 817.87 Amount iu Government depositories to the credit of dishiirsing oificers and others on June 30, 1892 532, 29G. 47 Amount of appropriations for the service of the liscal year ended Juno 30,1893 2,832,277.89 Amoiints refunded to ordnance appropriations in settling accounts during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893 226, 081. 34 Gross amount received during the fiscal year ended .Tune 30. 1893, from sales to officers; from reuts; from collections from troops on ac- count of losses of or damage to ordnance stores; from Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Company; from powder and pro- jectiles (proceeds of sales); from sales of condemned stores; from testing machine, and from all other sources not before mentioned.. 41, 208. 50 Total 8,621,542.87 Amount of expenditures during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, including expenses attending sales of condemned stores, exchange of powder, etc '. 3,702,202.66 Amount deposited in Treasury during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, as proceeds of sales of Governnu?nt property 9, 036. 12 Amount turned into the surplus fund on .June 30, 1893 3, 644. 97 Amount in Government depositories to the credit of disbursing officers and others on June 30, 1893 .' 553,400.05 384 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Amount transferred from ordnance appropriations iu settling accounts during the fiscal year ended Juno 30, 1893 $4, 281. 18 Amount in the Treasury not rci>orted to the credit of appropriations on JuneSO, 1893 436.04 Amount in the Treasury to the credit of approiiriatious on June 30, 1893 4,348,541.85 Total 8, 621, 542. 87 THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 3IILITIA. My anuual estimates of this year contain an item for arming and equipping the militia of the District of Cohimbia. The following remarks on this subject are coined from my anuual report of last year: The act of March 1, 1889 (vol. 25, p. 77, 2 Stat. L.), to provide for the organization of the militia of the District of Columhia, j)rovides (section 31) that the ordnance and ordnance stores necessary to arm, equip, and instruct said militia shall be issued from the stores and supplies provided for the use of the regular Army ; hut the act failed to make any appropriation to enable the Ordnance Department to make good the depletion of the limited army supplies by these issues to the militia. As the proi^erty issued as provided for in this act must be taken from the supplies for the Army — that is, from the aj)propriations for these supplies — and as it is a fact that the appropriations now made arc insufficient for the actual needs of the Army, it is evident that if the militia is supplied the Army will snifer, and vice versa. The issues thus far made under this act amount to $45,621.51, and an item of this amount is embraced iu the Cfstimatos to be laid before Congress. In my judgment it \Yould be wise to have a permanent ai)propriation of a fixed amount for each year to jirovide for tliese issues to the District militia, or a specific appropriation for each year. The importance of maintaining the efficiency of the District militia need not be stated. The small allotment due to the District from the general appropriation for arming and equipping the militia of the United States is inadequate for this purpose. APPROPRIATION FOR ARMING AND EQUIPPING THE MILITIA OF THE UNITED STATES. Your attention is invited to the inadequacy of the general appropri- ation for arming and equipping the militia. The act of 180S fixed the amount annualjfy allotted for the militia of all the States at $200,000. The improved arms, equipments, artillery, and other stores of the pres- ent day cost for the same number of men more than three times the cost of the sam.e eighty-live years ago, when the act was passed. The pop- ulation of the country is now more than ten times that of 1808, and the demand for these equipments has increased more than ten times. The act of February 12, 1887, increased this appropriation, but made it include also camp and garrison equipage and clothing furnished by the Quartermaster's Department. I stated in my annual report for 1892 that this act, instead of increasing the approi)riation for arming and equipping the militia (that is, the i^ortion used for arms and equip- ments), as was intended by Congress, actually resulted in a reduc- tion of this portion of the appropriation that year to $173,000. The demand since that time has largely increased, and the value of the ordnance stores issued to the militia during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, M^as $220,821.49. Notwithstanding this large increase in the issues during the past year, the demands which could not be supplied were greater than in previous years. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 385 The above figures show how iuadeqiiatc the present appropriation must be. Experience proves that it is so. The small allotment which can be made to each State from the appropriation is carefully husbanded and economically used, but is insufficient. The War Department is troubled by requests from the States for larger supplies than can be furnished under the allotments. The urgent importance of maintain- ing not only the present force and efficiency of the States' militia, but of enlarging the same, is admitted and nrged by the War Deiiartment. It is a hardship, then, for the Department to be constantly compelled to refuse the most needful supplies. The inability ifo furnish these supplies not only cripples the efficiency of the militia force and danix)ens the valuable ardor of ofiicers who are engagegl in promoting its efficiency, but makes a further enlargement of the militia force, which is so neces- sary, practically impossible. It is hoped that if this matter is urged upon the attention of Congress a more suitable approi')riation for the armament and equipment of the militia may be made. * , * * * * * # I have the honor to be, very respectfullv, D Brigadier -General, Chief of Ordnance. The Secretary of War. D. W. Flagler, EEPORT OF THE INSPECTOE GE:NERAL OF THE ARMY. War Department, Inspector-General's Office, Vrasliington, B. C, October 9, 1893. Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of the opera- tions of the InsiJector-General's Department for the year 1893. ******* THE NATIONAL GUARD. The IsTatioual Guard, its increasing importance, sphere of usefulness, and the methods and measures that are best calculated to promote its efficiency and efl'Octiveness, are subjects to which cousiderable time and pain stakin g labor have been devoted in former years. And judging from the interest wliich has been awakened and the appreciative manner in which the i)ublication of the i)lain truth, whether of praise or blame, regarding military organizations, their equipment, instruction, capacity, general standing, etc., has been received by the officers and men of the National Guard, the labor incurred and time spent on tliis live and energetic branch of military affairs have been most satisfactorily repaid. In the report to the major-general commanding the army the present defencelessness of our southern seaboard is touched upon. The bald extent of our territory and our borders is a matter for military con- sideration. The United States has an internal commerce estimated at about 170,000,000 tons and 20,000,000 passengers, traversing 100,000,000 miles; and, without Alaska, possesses an ocean coast, including the larger indentations, of about 12,009 miles (of which G,8G1 are on the Atlantic, 3,461 on the Gulf of Mexico, and 2,287 on the Pacific), a northern or Briti.sh frontier of 3,540 miles, and a Mexican frontier of 1,550 miles, a territory, the greatest length of which is 2,760 miles and Ab. 93 25 386 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE greatest breadth 1,G00 miles. Can we realize tlie vastiiess of this territory? As Gladstone says, " a natural base for the greatest con- tinuous empire ever established by man." In case of a sudden emer- gency the regular army would bo found ready and willing; but owing to its comparative smallness the duty of protecting our country in an emergency Avould devolve largely upon the men of the Nation al Guard, and their congeners, the volunteers. It can not but be welcomed as a iavorable sign of the times that we are, as a nation, taking a deeper interest in the healthy development of the national reserve military forces. This department is connected, necessarily, with every braccli of the military establisliment wbere the best discipline, efficiency, instruc- tion, or economy is desired; and the presence of regular officers under the supervision of this department if not obstructed would, necessa- rily, result beneficially and be of service to the guardsmen, as it has been in the case of the regulars. That this arrangement is invited by the guardsmen themselves, especially of the West, is shown in such letters as this from Col. James M. Eice, inspector-general of rifle practice, Illinois National Guard, from which the following extract is taken: I have taken very great interest in the reports of the Inspector-GeneraFs Depart- ineut of the United States army with reference to the inspection of the National Guard. I have awaited their appearance with great interest, and ohtained copies as soon as possible and read them, I think, with great profit. I am quite sure that this is the only way to bring the entire mass of the National Guard into somewhat approximately the excellence of the best part of it. It is the method by which the excellence attained by the part that think ablj^ and work earnestly is made availa- ble for all, instead of a mere small locality. It is the moans by which those who are able to think ably and willing to work earnestly are encouraged to do so by the knowledge that what they do will bo know" and recognized by others and be made largely useful, and also by enabling men of that kind to see each other's work. You one time asked me, at Camp Douglas, in Wisconsin, what it was that I thought made the militia so much more efficient than it was years ago. There are two causes: One is the large prevalence of soldiers who have seen actual service under able generals in hard cami^aigns and long ones, and the other is the system of inspection and reporting, by which that Avhich is meritorious is separated from that which is merely red tape, fuss, and feathers, and men are taught to appreciate the one and avoid the other. It is to be regretted that the old soldier influence will soon be gone, and it is to bo hoped that iii will be a long time before any more sol- diers of long experience in long campaigns are developed in the United States army. Discriminating and judicious reports, made by ciiiccrs who know and appreciate what is truly military, will be the only thing left tiiem to keep the National Guard np to the efficiency that it even now possesses. To have the inspections and pub- lications of your department cease would be a damage to the National Guard for which nothing else could possibly compensate. This department has done what it could, and lias tlioroughly realized the importance of joining hands with the National Guard by all X^roper means; and the beneficial intercourse between the two branches of our military establishment — the regulars and the National Guard — was never more pleasant and complete than while assigned to and pro- moted by this Bureau. Any efibrts to effect an alienation between them would be greatly regretted. The rise under our efforts and the fall since may be partially indicated in the following table: Tc.ir. Office 1-8 detailed. States liolding encamp- ments. Aggreg.ate enrolled strength liresent. ]!?t)0 17 57 2.5 16 14 27 20 14 22, 270 1801 50, 738 18 12 36, 207 18i)3 . REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF Yv^AR. 387 It is desired to again call attention to the need of an increased appropriation by the general government for the maintenance of the National Guard, and to the suggestions made in my rejjorts of pre- vious years. HO^nNG-PIGEON SER-\T[CE. Much has been said and a great deal written about the si3eed, endur- ance, and rehability of the homing pigeon as a carrier of messages, both for business and pleasure; and more than once this bird has l)racticaliy demonstrated its usefulness as a valuable adjunct in mili- tary operations. Their use for the rapid transmission of dispatches during the naval review of the past spring was widely published; but their most important achievement was in 1870, when they kept the outside world in touch with Paris, though all other means of sending communications to the city were cut off or destroyed. Since then neither balloons nor homing birds have been ignored hy any pro- gressive military nation, and all the great European powers have organized and perfected a pigeon service for the speedy conveyance of important intelligence. In such a matter of simx)le preparation for exigencies no one nation can control. This government might well imi- tate the military example set by the foremost nations rather than lag too far behind ; especially as it is possible to establish a successful organ- ization here capable of rendering effective service at a minimum outlay. There are in nearly every large city of the Union, from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the lakes to the gulf, a number of pigeon fanciers, formed into clubs, who now fly tlieir birds for the sport and amuse- ment it gives them. That their number is large is indicated by the fact that they are able to support several organs for their special interest. They not only are willing to lend their help in the establishment of a national pigeon service, but have shown commendable enthusiasm aiid are eager that the flying of their birds be conducted under the foster- ing care of the government. Under such favorable auspicies the gov- ernment could easily create a network of intercommunication between the more important points for the purpose of meeting i^ossible emer- gencies in case of need, especiallj^ for international frontier service. It would only be necessary to designate the points between which it is desired to fly the birds. Of course it would not be obligatory for the various pigeon societies to confine themselves to the directions or lim- its to be fixed by the Department. What is said to be needed is : (1) To ameliorate the present condi- tions as to training, either by securing more favorable rates from the transportation companies, which are reported excessive, or by appro- priating a small amount for the purpose; (2) give rewards or i)rizes for the best results obtai-ied during the jenv as is now done in Europe, and (3) induce each society or club to make an annual report to the Department of the condition, etc., of their lofts. Anyone of the sup])ly departments could thus perfect a service that might be of incalculable advantage when needed. According to Capt. H. T. W. Allatt, of the English army, during the siege of Paris, one bird could readily carry 30,000 dispatches, which were photographed on very thin films of collodion; and the BnUetin de la Reunion des Officiers of July 11, 1885, states that 150,000 ofQcial and 1,000,000 private dispatches or notices of money orders were carried into Paris by pigeons. To be of value in a mihtary point of view mes- 388 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE sages must be delivered witli rapidity and promptness, aud the messen- ger x)igeon lias been found to do this when all other means fail. From a number of reports received it appears that the average time made by- pigeons in this country, in flights of over 300 miles, is 1,070 yards per minute, or about 3G miles per hour; but under favorable atmospheric conditions the speed has exceeded 50 miles per hour. The average slow- est speed reported has been 800 yards per minute, or slightly over 27 miles per hour. The greatest number of miles made during any one day, on the various occasions, is reported to range from 308 to 541^ miles, the latter being from Elba, Va., to Providence, E. I. Within reasonable limits the bird can be fairly relied upon. Its love of home is unexcelled. Some are said to have returned home after an absence in confinement of one year and nine months. And there are records of birds returning from distances of over 1,000 miles. From Pensacola, Fla., to Fall River, Mass., a distance of 1,183 miles, has been accom- plished more than once. The necessity for establishing government lofts in this country is not so x)ronounced as in Euroi^e, where this service, aided by private pigeon societies, lias been brought to a high state of perfection; but as the material and means in the hands of patriotic citizens are at the disposal of the government an efficient volunteer pigeon service could be readily established, systematized, and iierfected. The importance attached to this service by Eurojiean nations is well known and has been officially reported. Our service does not take readily to any nov- elty, and sometimes the regulars and sometimes the militia take the lead when their introduction becomes necessary. It is believed that the feasibility of establishing a volunteer pigeon service, by organizing clubs already existing into a harmonious com- bination, must be iierfectly evident, and that it can be readily supple- mented by lofts at military posts under the care of either of the bureaus of the War Department having non-commissioned staff. This is one of the least of those things that every civilized army has, but we have not; and it can be supplied practically without expense, requiring only a little labor and painstaking care, and therefore it seems to deserve occasional mention. More than one officer has attempted individually to supply this deficiency, but it evidently requires concert of action at several points simultaneously. If there is the good in it that foreign services claim it deserves a fair and properly organized test with us. When can it receive such a test? *^ 4fc J^ ^t, 4b 4^ TT TP TT W W ^ AN INCIDENT. It has been announced in the public press that possibly certain State officials took oifense at some criticism by one of the inspecting officers, as publislied last year, and therefore the orders to army officers visiting- State encampments should omit all reference to inspections. Perhaps other equally good reasons can be given: as such an untoward residt from so slight a cause seems far-reaching. Copies of the reports were furnished the officials, and no such objections were expressed officially before publication, and the wishes of the best officers in the National Guard were always considered in these publications. Those who have labored hard and done so much to produce the present good feeling need not regret it. The large majority of guardsmen are as able to endure a frank and manly inspection report as the regulars are, and they fully agree with the views of the distinguished president of the REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 389 National Guard Association, General Wingate. in a letter to tliis office in 1890,- wherein lie says : Iq liis criticism the inspector should state the plain truth, putting it as much as possible iu a ■svay calculated to avoid oifeusc, but not attemiitiug to praise "what is not worthy of it. The criticisms, on the other hand, should be in a liberal rather than in a technical spirit, and directed to the practical part of military duty rather than to the minutaj of drill, with the view to aid in gathering up the loose ends of instruction and to help make the troops as lit for service as the limited time will permit, bearing in mind always that they cannot be expected to know the books which the regular officer is familiar with. The iDublication of the inspection reports is believed to have aroused interest, encouraged improvement, andaccomi^lished great good in many- ways, and certainly the published reports have been eagerly sought by members of the National Guard in all i)arts of the country. We unite with all good soldiers in wishing them God speed. Eespectfully submitted. J. C. Breckinridge, Inspector- General. The Secretary of War. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE KAVY. Xavy Department, Washinrjioii, N'orcmher 18, 1893. To the President : Since the date of the last report the following vessels have been launched : Isame. Tonnage. Date of launch. Katalidiii Indiana , 2,183 10,200 10, 200 7,350 10, 200 Fel). 4, 18D3 Feb. 28, 1893 June 10, 1893 Aug. 12,1893 Oct. 26, 1893 Maasacbnsetta -. Minneapolis Oregon The following new vessels have been completed, accepted by the Government, and placed in commission during the current calendar year: Kamc. Monterey . Bancroft.. Macbias . . Detroit ... !New York Castine ... Tonnage. 4,] 38 838 1,050 2,000 8,150 1,050 Date of com- mission. Feb. 13, 1893 Mar. 3,1893 July 20, 1893 ----do Aug. 1, 1893 'Sot yet com- missioned. TRIALS. The preliminary trials of the Monterey, Bancroft, Detroit, Neio TorJc, Machias, Castine, and Columhia resulted snccessfully, as did also the final trials of the Monterey, Bancroft, and Detroit. It is a source of 391 392 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. gratification to tlie Department to state that on the preliminary trials tlie speeds attained were, in most cases, in excess of tlie minimum speeds required by the several contracts, as will be seen by the fol- lowing table: Name. Trial speed in knots per lioiir. Monterey. Bancroft. . Detroit . . . Xcw York Macliias . . Castiue . . . Columbia . 13. e 14.37 18.71 21.0 15.46 15. CI 22.80 Contract speed. Knots. (*5, 400 i 16 12 17 20 13 13 21 *Indicated )ior.se power. The increased horse power or speed over designed rates obtained by contractors in these ships has entitled them in some cases to large pre- miums, and this has attracted much comment. It has been assumed that these premiums when paid were mere gratuities, or that they were at any rate all clear profit to the builders, the Government being with- out any sufficient consideration therefor. The system of allowing pre- miums for increase over, and imposing penalties for failure to attain, contract rates was not thus intended, and it is not believed to have so operated. When Secretary Whitney, who devised this method, was considering the question of making contracts, he very properly concluded that it would work hardship if he should refuse in every case to take, and should throw back upon the hands of the builder, every vessel that should fail in any respect to equal contract requirements. The natural conclusion was that if the Government did accept a ship not coming up to all the requirements, the builders should be charged for the defect according to some scale of rates previously agreed upon. This resolved itself into the imposition of penalties for fiiilure to attain required results. The corollary, alike fair and reasonable, was premiums for excelling contract rates. Thus was devised a system which was practicable because reciprocal, and it was alike just and fair to Gov- ernment and contractor. It was a double incentive to diligence, and it is not believed that it has resulted in any injustice to the Government. Ship-builders are not less shrewd than other men who conduct great business establishments; corai^etition between them has always been severe. This statement is made with the fullest assurance of its cor- rectness, and it may as a result be stated with equal confidence that contractors have always taken into their calculations, when bidding, the amounts it was possible to earn as premiums. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 393 It will therefore be seen tliat tlie official trial of a vessel niDou wliicli premiums and penalties depend, is a matter of great moment both to the Grovernment and the contractor. Elaborate prei)arations are always made to secure exact weights, the best of fuel, and the most efficient attendants. Contracts made prior to the incoming of the present administration provided that the Government should pay the expenses of a successful trial. When one party to a contract is to pro- vide the means of conducting a test upon which so much depends and the other is to pay the bill it will be readily perceived that disputes will be likely to arise when settlements come to be made, and such has already been the case. Bills have been recently presented for trial trip expenses in which the Department has felt obliged to insist upon large reductions. To avoid disputes of this character, it has been -pro- vided in the recent contracts for the three new gunboats, that all trial- trip expenses shall be paid by the contractors. It is not to be doubted that bidders took this matter into consideration in making their esti- mates, yet it is believed that this course will result in an economy to the Government. When those who make the bills are themselves to pay them, exi^enditures for the trial of vessels will not be lavish. The progress thus far made in our naval development is clearly shown in the following tables, which give the number and type of effective war vessels which this country will possess when those now building are completed, and also a similar list of vessels of the i^rincipal foreign naval powers: j TJlsTITJEr) STJ51.TES. VESSELS SERVICEABLE FOR WAR PURPOSES. Type. Xumber authorized. ABMORF.D. Battle sliips, first class Battle sbij^s, second class. Armored cruisers Coast-defense vessels ..... Uarbor-defense ram Ifumber biiildinff. Total , u^•.^J^JIO^ED. Protected cruisers. Cruisers Gunboats Dynamite gun vessel . Total Grand total if umber in service. 12 IG 19 19 Total. 4 2 2 6 1 15 13 3 9 1 41 394 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. TINITED STJ^TES-Contimiod. VESSELS TJNSERyiCEABLE FOB WAK PUKPOSES. Tjrpe. Number Number authorized, building. Iron cruisers Woodon cruisers Iron gunboats Single-turret monitors* Dispatcli and practice vessels . Tugs and freight boats Sailing vessels Receiving ships Vessels beyond repair Total Number in service. 4 13 1 33 O 12 7 9 3 Gi Total. * These monitors are in such a condition of deterioration as to be practically useless for war pur- poses. Under '' Miscellaneous " in the following tables are grouped trans- l)orts, disj)atcli vessels ; training, school, drill, and receiving ships ', depot, survey, special-service vessels; tugs and harbor craft. Type. Number authorized. Number building. Number unfit for effeclive service. Number availsiblc .for war service. Total number. ARMORED. Battle ships 1 4 1 Coast-defen^G vessel^; 1 4 1 Total 5 5 trN ARMORED. Cruisers. T>rotected .. 3 3 Orni "sors .- ........ ........ 1 12 4 12 2 Miiscellaiieous .- ......... ... ....... 1 2 7 Total 1 2 21 24 Suniniary 1 2 26 29 ^ Toi'Detlo Loats - _. ■ 26 • 26 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 395 Type. IsTumlier ai'ctliorizecl. Number Number Tuifit for building, effective service. Number available for war service. AEMOEED. Battle slfips Coast-ilefcDse vessels Crui.scrs Gun vessels Total . UNAKMOEED. Cruiser.s, protected . Cruisers Gun vessels Torpedo vessels ... Miscellaneous Total. --- Sxiuiniary Torpedo boats . 17 17 BRAZIL, AEMORED. Battleships Coast-defenso vessels Uruisers . . . Gun vcssel.s Total . UNAEMORED. Crniscrs, protected . Cruisers Gun vessels Torpedo vessels Miscellaneous 1 23 12 Total.... Summary Torpedo boats 3G 16 41 CHILE. Total number. 10 6 12 9 6 12 45 ! 63 17 15 13 6 12 • 10 7 30 65 78 67 16 9 6 23 7 17 62 78 15 AEIIORED. 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 Xot d 3 3 UXARMORED. f~!rnTafr=; iTTOtprtPfl . ... ..... ........... 1 1 3 4 5 1 5 n Torpedo vessels "M"isoon:iiionim . . ................. 2 2 2 6 4 2 10 To Lai 5 1 3 15 24 5 1 3 18 27 Torpedo boats Some 21 21 396 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. CHIN^. Type. Number authorized. Number building. Number unfit for eft'ective service. Number available for war service. TotAl number. ARMOEED. Battle sliips 2 4 2 Coast-defenso vessels - •• 4 Total S 6 UNAKMORED. 7 5 13 44 13 Cruisers 2 i 20 Gun vessels 48 Torpedo vessels - 1 1 27 IS 45 1 Total 13 33 81 127 Sunjinary 13 33 87 133 Toriiedo boats 32 32 DEZS^nNX^Rli. ARMORED. liiiltlo sliins 1 6 1 1 Coast -defense vessels 1 7 Cruisers ... .......... 1 Total 1 8 9 UNARMOBED. ' " 5 1 11 15 5 Cruisers 1 1 Cun vessels -- 11 TorDcdo vessels ! Miscclhmeous ! 8 23 Total . . 8 32 40 1 1 8 40 49 Torneclo boats 2 20 22 E:NrGi^^]srr>. ARMORED. Ijatlle sliius .. 2 C 36 18 19 44 Coast-dc'feiise vcssl'Is 18 Craisers 1 3 02 Total 2 6 3 73 84 UNAEMORED. Cruisci s, protected 5 12 46 68 82 31 114 63 Crui.'jers 1 69 Gun vessels 82 Torucdo vessels 8 39 [Miscellaneous ■ 130 244 1 Total 7 20 131 341 497 9 26 134 414 581 Torncdo boats 16 14 197 227 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 397 ITR^IS'CE. Type. Number authorized. Number building. Number unfit for efi'ective service. Number available lor war service. Total number. AEilOEED. 3 5 4 7 3 1 3 18 21 S 29 2G Cruisers . 10 Total 3 16 7 1 48 74 UNAEJIOEED. G 11 19 28 87 11 244 36 2 2 30 Gun vessels 4 1 3 CI Tornoflo vp*^sp]s .... ................. 14 MiF.roll.Tnoons 119 3G3 1 10 j 15 123 389 537 Summarv ...« 13 1 31 130 437 611 10 33 180 1 223 2 3 OERM^ISTY. ARMORED. 4 6 10 13 2 14 r!nnett-flp'ff*Tmo vp*^Rp^^ 19 2 Total 10 25 35 rXAEilOnED. . 1 2 3 14 3 12 24 4 1 17 3 Torndo vessels 2 4 18 IVTisrpllimeoiia ............... ...... 38 62 Total 3 7 38 56 104 3 17 38 81 139 TorT'odo lionts 8 1 8 109 125 1 GrREECE. AllMOKED. "Ritflp t;]!!!!*? ............ 1 3 2 4 2t Total 1 5 G UXARJIOIiED. 3 o 5 4 IG ] 13 4 Crmi vessels 16 3 9 22 Total 9 2 9 34 50 Summary 5 2 9 39 56 2 23 48 398 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. HOLLAND. ITALY. Type. Kumbcr authorized. Number building. Xumber unfit for effective service. Number available for war service. Total number. AnilORED. Battle sliips o 25 23 Total 3 25 28 UNAEMORED. Cruisers, protected 1 11 55 1 11 1 i 56 4 MisccUariCous... 11 35 46 , Total 5 11 102 114 Siimmary •3 5 11 127 142 Torpedo Ijoats 3 38 41 ARMORED. 5 7 6 4 12 G Crui'~ers 2 9 8 Total * i-> 7 17 26 UNAKMOBED. 7 1 6 12 32 13 67 13 Otuipoi'S 13 32 Toriioilo vosscis ............. 3 3 2 18 Miscellaneous 70 1 " " " Total - 6 10 130 146 Sinnniia rv 8 17 147 ■ 172 Torpedo boats 19 i 160 1 170 Torpedo boats (aubiiiarino) 2 JAPAIST. ARMORED. Jiattle sbins - Coast-defcDse vessels - 3 2 3 Cruisers 2 I Total -c 1 5 5 i U^'ARMORED. Cruisers, protected 4 1 G 8 7 1 6 11 Cruisers ......... 8 Gun vessels 7 Torpedo vessels 1 5 11 Total 4 6 28 38 4 6 33 43 - 7 23 30 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 399 PORTXJG-j^L. Type. AEMOEED. Battle sliips Coast-defenae vessels Cruisers iKumber authorized TotaJ. UXARilOEED. Cruisers, protected. Cruisers Number building Number Number unfit lor avaUablo eflective service, Gun vessels Torpedo vessels Slisccllaucous .. Total.... Summary Torpedo boats . for Avar service. Total number. 30 16 52 53 6 32 24 ti2 "C7 9 RXJSSIA. ARMORED. Battle siiips - -. 5 2 1 10 27 9 15 29 Cruisers -. ,._. . 1 11 Total 1 8 40 55 - CNAEJIOEED. Cruisers urolectod 1 28 35 1 Crnisera . . .. • 28 n nn vessels 35 1 3 11 12 Miscellaneous 10 70 1 83 Total 10 4 145 159 Summary 11 12 191 214 Torpedo boats 14 152 160 &1?A.T1S^ ARMORED. Eatile aliiD^ . . 1 5 1 Ooasttlet'eiise ves*>els I 5 7 ■■ ■" 7 Total « 7 C 13 UKAEMOKED. Cruisers, protected 6 15 28 8 45 6 Cruisers ' ! ' 15 Gun vessels --- ' ' 28 Torpedo vessels 3 11 Miscellaneous 19 04 Total 3 19 102 124 Summary ' . . 10 19 108 137 Torjiedo boats 24 1 24 1 ■ 48 Torpedo boats (submarine) .'. 2 i 400 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. TURIvEY. Typo. Number authorized. Number building. Number unfit for effective service. Number available for war service. Total number. ARMORED (STV'EDEX). Battle ships Coast-tlefensG vessels 1 16 TR ARMORED (NORWAY). Battle sbi^js Coast-defense vessels 1 4 4 Total, Sweden 1 1 10 4 16 Total, Norwav ! 1 - - 4 Total, Sweden and Norway 1 1 20 20 UNARMORED (SV.'EDEN)- Cruisers, jirotcctcd Cruisers - ' - - - - - - 4 13 1 28 4 1 13 Torpedo vessels i 1 3 31 UNARMORED (NORWAY) . Cruisers, protected 1 1 1 2 31 1 Cruisers ' ' 2 Gun vessels ' i 1 31 Torpedo vessels .1 ' L - .-. .. 9 5 14 Total, Sweden 1 1 .. 40 39 49 Total, Norw.av - - ' ■iS Total Sweden and Korwav 1 12 85 97 SiiTiimarv. Sweden ■• ! 3 9 12 02 43 105 65 52 Summarj", Sweden and Norway 1 117 1 Torpedo boats : Sweden 20 9 on 2 11 Total Sweden and Norway 2 29 31 ARMORED. Jj.iftle shina 2 7 4 7 g Coast-defense vessels 4 Cruisers 1 g Total 2 1 18 21 UNARMORED. Cruisers, pvot ected 2 2 16 2 2 8 1 4 Cruisers 3 16 2 42 7 Gun vessels 40 Torpedo ycsscIs a ATisp.f'llniiefiiis . 20 03 1 Total 20 13 20 63 110 22 14 20 81 13'. Tomedo boats 5 30 2 3i Submarine boats 2 i REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 401 A comparison of these tables will show tliat the United States now ranks seventh as a naval power. Of the old wooden ships of the J^avy but eight remain in active service as cruisers, and one, the .Rartforcl, is now being repaired for service. These vessels will disappear from active service within three years under the operations of the 10 per cent limit, except the Ilart- ford and the Kearsarge, which arc specially exempted by act of Con- gress. Xone of our wooden vessels can be taken into account in the consideration of an effective JsTavy. After careful consideration, the Department requests authority to devote the $450,000 authorized for the construction of a vessel simihir to the Vesuvius to the construction of three torpedo boats; and it also recommends that Congress should so increase the limit of cost of the swift torpedo cruivser authorized by the actof June 30, 1890, as to enable tlie Department to have this vessel laid down during the next fiscal year. PROPOSALS FOR NEW VESSELS. The act of Congress entitled ''An act making appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, and for other purposes," approved March 3, 1893, authorized the construction of three nev/ vessels, these vessels to be of the class known as "light- draft protected gunboats," of about 1,200 tons displacement, and to cost not more than $400,000 each, excluding any premiums that may be paid for increased speed and cost of armament. The act further provided that the contract for the construction ot either of said gun- boats shall contain such provisions as to speed, and x)remiums and penalties affected by speed, as, in the judgment of the Secretary of the Navy, may be deemed proper and fitting. Under authority conferred by the act above mentioned, sealed pro- posals-were invited for the construction of these vessels, which, for the purpose of distinguishing them, were designated as Gunboats iSTos. 7, 8, and 9, under two general classes, each class embracing all three ves- sels. In Class 1 the "hull and machinery, including engines, boilers, and appurtenances and equipment, complete in all respects, in accord- ance with the drawings, plans, and specifications provided by the Sec- retary of the Navy." Class 2, the "hull and machinery, including engines, boilers, and appurtenances and equipment, co'ni)lete in all respects, in accordance with the drawings, plans, and specifications provided by the bidder." Two designs were determined upon by the Department; the one for No. 7 being that of a light-draft protected gunboat of about 1,200 tons displacement, having a speed of 14 knots per hour; and that for Nos. 8 and 9, being of a light draft protected gunboat for si^ecial service, having a speed of 13 knots i»er hour. These vessels are designed for use in Chinese waters and for river service elsewhere. Ab. 93 26 402 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. Plans, drawings, and specifications were prepared by the Depart- ment ready for the inspection of all persons desiring to bid nnder Class 1, and the sealed proposals under both classes were opened Octo- ber 17, 1893. The bids under the two classes were found to be as follows: CLASS 1. Kame of bidder. Mary laud Steel Gompany, Sparrow Point, Md Union Iron Works, San Francisco, Cal Kowport XeAvs Shipbuilding Company, Kewport Xews, Va Coronado Fonndry and Machine Company, Coro- nado, Siai Diigo Conidy, Cal Batli Iron Works, Bath, Mo Gnnboat No. 7. - $380, 000 400, 000 200, COO 372. 000 425, 000 Gunboat 3^o. 8 or 9. Gunboats Xo. 8 and Ko. 0. $380, 000 385, 000 30C, 000 408, 000 Each. $375, 000 350, 000 287, 500 Total. $750, 000 700, 000 575, OpO Xame of bidder. Gunboats K^o. 7 and Ko. 8 or Ko. 9. No. 7. No. 8 or 9. Total Maryland Steel Company, Sparrow Point, Md $379, 000 Union Iron Works, San Franci.'sco, Cal. 400, 000 Newport Xews Shipbuilding Company, j Newport News, Va ' 292, 500 John H. Dialogue &. Sou, Camden, N.J. $379, COO 380, OOO 292, 500 $758, 000 780, 000 585, 000 Gunboats No. 7 and No. 8 and No. 9. No. 7. No. 8 or 9. Toial $370, 000 400, 000 280, 000 395, 333^ $370, oca 350, 000 280, 000 895,333J $1,110,000 1, 100, 000 840, 000 1, 180, 000 CLASS 2. Name of bidder. Gunboat No. 7. Uni(,n Iron Works, San Francisco, Cal Path Iron Works, Bath, Mo $368,000 Gunboat No. 8 or 9. $377, COO 382, 000 Gunboats No. 8 and No. 9. Each. $342, COO .377, OCO Total. $084, OOO 754,000 Karao of bidder. Gunboats No. 7 and No. 8 or No. 9. Gunboats No. 7 and No. 8 and No. 9. No. 7. No. 8 or 9. Total. No. 7. No. 8 or 9. Total. Utiioh Iron ^Vorks Sail Frauoisco Cal $400, 000 $342, 000 $i,084,0;;o These bids are very much lower than any ever heretofore received by the Govern mentjbutbcfore accepting any of them the Department is liav- ing all the plans examined by a second board. This board is exi)e('ted to report during the coming week, and the contracts will probably be awarded before Congress convenes. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 403 CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS. Tlic difficulty experienced until recently in procuring armor has caused long and unlooked-for delays in the construction of armored vessels. Secretarj- Whitney, on the 1st day of June, 1887, contracted with the Bethlehem Company for the armor required for the construc- tion and completion of four monitors, the Puritan, Terror, MonadnocJx, and AmpJiitrite, and two second-class battle ships, the Maine and the Texas. Three hundred tons were to be ready by February 1, 1890, and deliveries were to be made thereafter at the rate of 300 tons per month. Deliveries under this contract were to commence in January, 1800, and be completed in September, 1891. Had the contract been complied Math, all the above ships might have been in commission at thei)resent time. As it is, none of them are completed. Three first-class battle ships having been in the meantime authorized by Congress, Secretary Tracy, on the 20th day of November, 1891, contracted with Carnegie «& Co. for G,300 tons of armor. Deliveries were to begin July 1, 1891, and be completed about April 1, 1892. Of the 12,300 tons covered by the two contracts, only 1,919 tons had been delivered on the 1st day of March last. When new industries are inaugurated time is required to i^erfect x)lants, and these can not be operated successfully without exx^erience. Our armor-makers have encountered even greater difficulties than they anticipated, but these have all been overcome, and deliveries of armor are now being made with satisfactory rapidity. Modern shipbuilding itself may almost be said to be a new industry in this country, and delays have sometimes, though rarely, resulted from the want of experience in builders. More frequently contractors for material have failed to make prompt deliveries. Then, too, it always happens that changes and additions are determined upon and ordered while vessels are in process of construction. These alterations are not only the cause of vexatious delays, but are attended with more or less exi:)ense. The necessity for changes often arises from undue haste in the x)reparation of plans, but experience has proved that no amount of care or skill can entirely obviate it. Complaints are made in the British House of Commons, just as here, that constructors vary the plans of vessels as they progress. There is probably no ground for believing that we shall ever con- struct a vessel witlnmt making some changes in its plans while build- ing, but to reduce this evil to a minimum, I have enjoined the utmost caution upon the designers of the three new gunboats authorized by the last Congress. It is hoped that deliberation in the construction of plans vrill achieve better and even sxjeedier results than would come from any effort to expedite them. Surveying the whole field, we find much to be proud of in the knowledge that we can now furnish the material for. and build, modern 404 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. sliips of war as quicldy and, without any ^loubt, as well as any coun- try in the world. I feel confident that some of our shipyards rival the best in Europe. The work of coustruction on the coast-defense battle ships Indiana and Massachusetts, of 10,200 tons each, is i)rog'ressiug satisfactorily. The former vessel is the more advanced toward completion, and it is anticipated that she will be ready for trial by June of the comin.£>- year. The coast-defense battle ship Oregon, of 10,200 tons, has been launched, and work is being pushed on her as rapidly as possible. ,Workonthc protected cruisers Columbia and Minneapolis, of 7,350 tons each, is being rapidly pushed. It is expected that the former vessel will be ready for commissioning in a short time. The second-class battle ship Maine, of G,G48 tons, has had a trial of her engines, and her armor is now being put in place. It is exj^ected that she will be ready for a sea trial in about six months. The work on the second-class battle ship Texas, of 0,300 tons, is pro- gressing as rapidly as itossible, and the vessel will probably be ready for her sea trial within six months. Tlic progress of work on the double-tnrreted monitor Puritan, of 0,OGi) tons, is satisfactory, and it is expected that the vessel will be ready for trial about July 1, next. Tlie double-turreted monitors Terror, Amphitrite, and MonadnocJc, of 3,990 tons each, are approachiug completion in the order named. It is believed that they will all be ready for trial during the first halt of the next year. The protected cruiser Olympia, of 5,500 tons, will have her trial trij) within the coming week, Worii on the protected cruisers Cincinnati and Baleigli, of 3,183 tons each, is progressing with as much dispatch as possible, and both vessels v,ill be ready for trial by March next. Tlie cruiser Marhlcliead, of 2,000 tons, is so far advanced tliat the Dei)artment expects that her acceptance trial will take place within a short time. The cruiser Montgomery, of 2,000 tons, was taken to Long Island Sound in October last for her trial trip and Avas accidentally nin aground before the trial began. The heavy shock sustained from her contact with the rugged bottom caused injuries which will not be repaired for some weeks to come. The accident, however, resulted in demonstrating the excellence of the material of which she is built. The contractors, in whose hands she was at the time, and who were responsible for the mishap, are making the necessary repairs. The armored harbor-defense ram Katahdin, of 2,183 tons, will be ready for trial about January 1, 1895, by which date it is expected that her armor will have been delivered and bolted in place. The torpedo boat Ericsson should be completed by the end of the present fiscal year. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, 405 The seagoing- battle ship Iowa, of 11,296 tous, will be completed, from present indicatious, by February 1, 189G; and tlie armored cruiser BrooJdi/n, of 9,150 tons, about six montlis later. The progress of development iu tlie construction of tlie vessels of the new Navy heretofore authorized is thus shown to be so well advanced as to make it possible to give a definite idea of the cost to the Govern- ment, in consequence of which I herewith submit the following tables of details of cost of comx)leted and uncompleted vessels of the Navy up to the beginning of the present fiscal year. Taking into consideration the fact that almost all of the details of this construction were new to our designers, manufacturers, and work- men, I am sure you will be convinced that the work has been carried on without extravagance, and to the best interests of the Government. 406 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. » /-« s y. o < r-i rv y. fj^ '~\ ts! «— ■ a f— 1 <; ;^ ^ S5 u. *-■ > < !<; in <; CXJ ^ T— 1 M ■-l o cc Y. c i-H f-i /^ o I-l o p o u I: 5 00 l-H I::; r-) ^ c; o ^i, CO < "s^ M K s p H C S P ^ w X; 5< K '-• o A o c ~ « f'T in o O Ui ^5 < 5? f. 73 o C o Q !5 >-\ < r"^ P^ if: O 1^ < 'A , ^ < CD K ^ O X u H ^' ?- C '^ .-1 K Hi r^ is /", c ^ ^ V5 Uj ? »<; u^ ^J >c :- t; M f^. fc; ^ ^ H '-• — H -ii 5 H ti 5 p* -».3 ^ TV, ^ ? !g o S C iJ u s 5'x a 3 to 3 pSSo o ci □ o 1-1 -^ .—1 CI »0 r^ ■^ r?i r^ -jn no ?.•:) ^-v n m ■*+< CI , liis 1— 1 r2 00 \fTi Q\ o :s m 1— 1 C3 a o o IS C3 ■ CJ cs o CI c^ r^ !71 t- CJ tH o CD r-i -^ Fl:^ 03 «©■ T-l : d -t* -^ r- a o fTl I— t o C3 -»< »— 1 CI l-o ** CI c; ir o CI CI ° C Stw « '* r- CO 'Cfl r-l r^ tO t^ o 1^ CJ lO CI o CO 00 ■TI< o o c zo -ti .S -. - -- M OS (Ti o lO o o r- .— t o o CI ca CJ C71 m 1— m 1— 1^ -^ o CO CI r- o 00 m >r C3 S5?i3 s CO rs (J> 00 05 ■^ CO CO o -1* o ^ CI 1— t r-H ^ ^ lO t- ot 00 ro rH 1— ( r- o i:^ o CO c» i^i o r-' c o T o Sw"? £ E oc h- cs fM o iO t— 1 CI o Cl o t— t o o r^ .o C) in C5 o -* l> •^ L^ '^ 00 fi 00 o i^ I- 00 tH I:* L- -St* ■^ ft •^ 1— < CI CI CO o o o L- o CO r- ira ._^ in Cl -r CO oc ^ o o o ro «■ 1-H o o « -* s lO oc 00 irj l-H o i.o T f-i CO ir:) i> o o o o o o -^OOOOCSCIrHOOO lO CO CC) o O O CO C: O CT (TO ^ Ci -* CI t- to o o o tH O OO t^ •-t O 00 CO O CO CO CI CO CO 00 -Tt rH O 00 in o o o o o o o ++ ■*•■*■ +-t- o ifO o o CI in Tl r^ CI 1 I CI O C» r-( CI T. o ro (-J o n »-o l> 00 L^ CI o l- CO o . ^o t- "^ tH CI I— 1 o CO O o 05 r^ CI o Cf) rr f-i ' oo I— ( V) Xj CI h- CI Cl T-« t-i ^ i.^ T—i no I-- -t" i"i -t< r/) Ci t o r^ rn CI in Cl ■rH o ■JO o CI CI o CI Cl -^ o CI CI CI . Ol -t u^ CO Ci ■^ 00 o C5 m Cl r^ no -^ — r 1— I .— ( O ' • o -o 1— 1 o h- r^ 00 CO CO CO 00 1^ r— 00 o r/) I— t lO o . o r/) r/) 00 CI CO I-H CO 00 CO ■€6 I— I tH i-H 1—1 CI > rH i-i CI CO CI r-i CJ o o H r^ _; i-i :;5 -t »o o -H m r* O ^ m -+ -* Cl —t* o o r:^ C5 <-> r:> tn o ^ r-t I- o I- CI oo CI 03 CO o o o CC uo CO o O in CO 00 c- r-< 00 00 l^ CJ L~ 00 00 CO CO o o o o-t'ocr-cot^oo'^cjco t- CO en o Cl >-H o CI o m co«-HTf •"^ o o o CO CO rH ■'ii ■* •rilrJlrHr-.CO-5'OOC-lr-lrH .:3 o o s . a .w « £ O c^ *-^ -H t- " T^ t^ «^ 3 ,::: t^ i= J ^ S 2 •:: 3 = o >• U o I (S S .: g ^^ is "5 -S a ;g i^i pi a o ?q REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE NAVY. 407 ■n ^ cs M o n U3 ** a: oo oc H Ti -t* 00 t-H CO iS o' ^ 3 -*-> o ^ CI tH -3 05 •1 1"- M* « rH CI o ^n* ^— o :o o o ^ 71 '■c cC 2 p,^ 1-5 I , 00 ^ 00 P. o 2 ° S to CI "1 C-l C^ C3 cs X CO CO .-* *-i tH 2' •* TjT o 00 11 -* -x n 'Ji- -M tr 02 rO -^ 3 '■^ X Z) rr « ^ a c; i~i s >< , S I— ( « C3 rjT) ^ 00 a cT a rr^ 1-5 CM • r-i ^ C3 2 C -1 ^, 3 1-5 ■*- 1* -^ -M r^ -+-» 00 00 > '0 ■:^ r3 01 M ;^ 7: 000 ^ ^ ^ is tc fco o H ;^ PI 2 p- u -i^ « >: ,= 1 r^ -M n g *■-( 9 a ■■5 ~_, rt t^ 2 ^ n .^ i; •^ -«-) ■^ > . C CD a P t? ■^ '^ i: 3 r/: H T^ h^ H P t> " -_ ** — ^t= &l H H 408 EEPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NaVY. f^ a ?; Ul < !? « ^ o \^ OLj 00 ^ 1— t <5 ^^ T)< o ;< u a K < h! s hH >^ o A ^ CO o ■H C-> Q ::^ ^1 -^ n -A c o r-, H o H 7; N O ^^ o 2 a ^ H ;^ 1-^ C/J O V. o 1— I >► K b I- C ?== s < o Q o ?; S 1-^ ■A ^ < ( ) < O E^i Pi f-- O K b- o ^ < fq i? P >^ c: O CI H « c ;?; ><; <; ir» ^ ^ CO (/I < ;. 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ORDNANCE. The production of modern Ligli-power guns at tlie Wasliingtou factory is progressing satisfactorily. Tlie gun plant at this establish- ment is not surpassed by any in the world, and increased experience Las resulted during the past year in still greater economy in all branches of manufacture. Up to the present time there have been completed for service 237 guns, ranging in caliber from 4-inch to 13- inch, all of which have not only proved successful upon trial, but have also given results which show conclusively that the general system of construction employed has no superior in foreign countries. For the new vessels thus far authorized main battery guns will be required as follows: Number of forgings. Number of , guns com- pleted to date. Number of guns partly completed. Number ol Caliber of gun. Ordered. Delivered. gun.s ailoat. 4-incli 107 S6 141 08 26 13 12 77 66 141 52 25 8 9 55 37 135 33 25 8 5 20 10 10 34 5-incl) 20 C-ineb CO 8-iiicli 20 10-incli 10 12-iLicli 2 13iiicb 3 Total 453 368 298 67 ISS None of the 13-inch guns have been tested up to the present time, as their mounts have not yet been completed. The i)ossession of new and improved gun lathes has permitted of so great an improvement in the process of construction that the time required from the rough boring of the tube of a 12-inch gun to the rifling and lapping has been reduced from ten to six and a half months, with the gratifying result of reducing the cost of labor over 30 per cent. The maximum caliber of guns building is 13 inches. In the past guns have been built for the main batteries of battleships abroad of a caliber as high as 16.75 inches, and weighing over 100 tons, but prac- tical experience under service conditions afloat has proved them unde- sirable for naval use. At the present time the weight of foreign naval opinion is in favor of guns of not more than 12-inch caliber, and weighing not more than 50 tons. These guns, owing to greater length of bore and the use of more iiower- ful slow-burning powder of the smokeless variety, give alniost as good results as the larger guns above referred to, and this, taken in connec- tion with the great danger of accident to the mechanical devices used to manipulate the larger high-powered guns, has operated to cause a demand, for a gun of the maximum weight that can be readily handled by man power. Information in possession of the Dei)artment leads to REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 411 the belief that this policy is now that of the leading nations abroad. In England the largest guns for naval use under construction at the present time are of 12-iuch caliber, 40 calibers in length, weighing 50 tons; in France, 11,8 caliber and 45 calibers in length. The last of the lOiuch guns authorized have been completed during the year. The breech mechanism of these guns has undergone impor- tant moditications, by which its weight has been materially reduced without any diminution of strength. The forgings for an S-inch nickel-steel gun have been machined and are ready for assembling. When completed the guu will be subjected to exhaustive trials, with the expectation that this new departure, which combines the emi)loymeut of a material never heretofore used in gun construction, with an entirely new process of assembling, will give results of increased efficiency at a greatly reduced cost of manufacture. The remaining G guns of 6-inch caliber, which are now in an advanced stage of completion, are to be fitted as rapid-fire guns. All the 5-inch guns are to be of 40 calibers. The improved hand-working breech mechanism referred to in the last report, having successfully withstood exhaustive tests, has been adopted for all guns of 8-inch caliber and above. For the secondary batteries, 480 guns have thus far been ordered, the tyjic and number being as follows : Gun. 37 Tiiillinicter , 47-millinieter . l-poundtT. .. . 1-poundcr 3-pouu(lcr S-poundcr. . . . C-X)oiiiirtur 6pounfler Total . . Kind. Hotclikiss . . .do ....do Drijfgs Hotclikis-s . Drisss notcbkiss . Driggs ordered. iXunibor completed. 49 14 91 15 36 10 150 115 49 14 C(i 36 10 150 35 480 3C0 Ordered but not delivered. 25 15 80 120 XuiubGr alloiit. 32 6 40 33 2 5G 29 204 The general tendency with the principal foreign powers is not only towards the installation on war vessels of as many rapid-firing and machine guns as can be properly protected, but also towards the exten- sion of the rapid-firiug system to guns of higher calibers. GUN MOUNTS. During the past year the 10-inch and 12-inch guns of the Monterey have been carefully tested under ordinary service conditions, and their mounts found to work successfully. This fact has led the Department to adopt the same type for the 13-inch mounts of the battle ships. Three of these 13-inch mounts are now in course of construction ; the castings tor the remainder have been contracted for and will soon be 412 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. clelivercd. Tlie 12-inch mounts for the Puritan and Texas are well uiidcr way and will be completed by tlie time the vessels are ready to receive them. One of these mour.ts has passed a successful test at the naval proving ground. The 10-inch guu mounts for the Maine are practically ready, and those for the Amvhitrite and Monadnoclc are in an advanced stage. The i^neumatic mounts for the Terror have been completed and are novr awaiting trial, A new type of 8-inch carriage has been designed, which, it is hoped, will prove superior to those now in service. In this new design the guns will recoil in the line of fire, and return to battery by springs, a method verj^ similar to that used in the smaller rapid-fire carriages. It is expected that this new arrangement will reduce the downward thrust on the decks to a mininuim, and will very much lessen the exposure of the gun crew to small-arm and machine-gun fire by materially reducing the size of the large ports of turrets and gun shields. POWDER. The Department is pleased to state that a new source of powder snj)- ply is now assured on the Pacific coast. During the past year tiio first lot of brown powder, manufactured by the California Powder Com- pany of Santa Cruz, Cal., was received. The lot was for use vrith the G-inch gun, and has been tested with most gratifying results. The manufacture of smokeless powder at the naval torpedo station, at Newport, E. I., has been continued during the past year with prom- ising results, but the Department considers that this manufacture is still in the experimental stage. If farther developments demonstrate its success under service conditions, it will be issued for use on board ship without delay. HIGH EXPLOSIVES. Emmensite and the nitrate high explosives referred to in the last report have been experimented with during the year and successfully fired from high-poAver guns up to and including the G-inch caliber. A detonating fuse has been used in the shells charged with emmensite, with which excellent results were obtained. The Duponts have completed their order for 50,000 pounds of gun cotton, which has proved to be of excellent quality. With this source of supply, and that of the torpedo station at Newport, E. I., there is no doubt that the demands of the Navy can be met at any time. The manufacture of gun cotton has been continued at the torpedo station with marked success, and during the year exhaustive experi- ments in the manufacture of smokeless powder have been conducted at that place. PROJECTILES. The manufacture of armor-piercing ijrojectiles in this country is now- well established. Of those heretofore referred to as being produced REPORT OF TPIE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 413 under contract by the Carpenter Steel Company, of Eeading-, Pa., and tlie Sterling Steel Company, of Delmar, Pa., 9,GG5 of various calibers have been ordered, of which 4,G89 have been delivered up to date. Exhaustive tests of these shells show conclusively that they are equal, if not superior, to any armor-piercing shell manufactured abroad. The advent of Harveyized nickel-steel armor, however, has so changed the conditions of attack as to render the higher development of aruior- piercing projectiles absolutely essential. This necessity has been clearly established by experiments at the naval proving grounds this year, where, in angular fire against curved nickel-steel plates, it was demonstrated that armor-piercing projectiles would not penetrate at au angle of 45 degrees, and that at even smaller angles of impact armor- piercing projectiles were liable to break up. This matter is now receiv- ing the serious attention of the Bureau of Ordnance. In this connection, during the past year, forged steel shells for the smaller calibers have been treated with the Harvey jirocess, greatly enhancing their armor-piercing qualities. During the last few months j^rivate firms have evidenced their abil- ity to supply wrought-steel shells of such an excellent quality that the Department has deemed it advisable to discontinue the manufacture of cast-iron projectiles. Steel shells, fitted with base fuses, for the 4-inch, 5-inch, and G-iuch guns, manufactured by the United States Projectile Company have proved very satisfactory, carrying their bursting charges through steel plates half a caliber in thickness without breaking up the shells. SMALL ARMS. The progress made iu the development of small arms abroad during the last seven years has reached such a point that the Department has become convinced that the time has arrived for a change in the small- arm ritie now in use in the Xavy. With this end in view a board of naval officers was appointed in July of this year to first consider and decide upon the caliber, and then to test and submit the small arms best suited to the naval service. Since the introduction of smokeless powder, in 188G, small-arm experts have been fully alive to the great tactical advantages of a reduction in caliber, and foreign nations have experimented with rifles of various designs witli the object of overcoming the mechanical dis- advantages incidental to manufacture. As a result the principal civil- ized nations, with the exception of the United States, are to-day using magazine rifies varying in caliber from ".315 to ",25G, which employ charges of smokeless powder giving muzzle velocities of 2,000 foot seconds and over and effective ranges of not less than 2,000 yards — over a mile. Exhaustive trials of these rifies have clearly demon- strated their great superiority in ballistic and tactical qualities over the old-time rifles of large caliber. 414 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. Tlie arm at present in use in the Navy is the ".45 caliber, employing a charge of black powder, giving a muzzle velocity of 1,250 foot seconds, with an effective range of only 1,200 yards. The weight of its amuuiui- tion is such that but 55 rounds can be carried per man. After carefnl deliberation and research, taking into consideration the actual necessities of our own naval service, the board recommended a magazine rifle oi ".236 caliber, to use a smokeless powder which will give a muzzle velocity ot 2,400 toot seconds, an elective range of a mile and a half, and employing cartridges of such a weight as to permit not less than 200 rounds to be carried per man. This rifle will be of a smaller caliber than that now in use by any other i)ower. The Department has approved the recommendation of the board, in the expectation that it will result in giving the U. S. JS'avy a rifle with ballistic and tactical qualities superior to those of any other small arm noAV in actual service, or adopted and in course of C'f>nstriiction. The following table gives details of the small arms either adopted or now in use by the inincipal foreign powers: Country. Unileil States ^N'avy (proposed). Au.stria Beljjium Eiigl.aud Prance Gennauy Type. Masaziue Name. . . -do j Mauiilicher . . ... do [ Manser . . -do I Lee-lletford . do ! Lebel do I Mauulicher.. Holhuid do Italy '....do Houniauia do Eussia ! do Switzerland do I. ...do Mannliclier- Carcano. Maiinlicher. . Monzin Schmidt Cali- ber. Inches. 0.23G .315 ..301 .303 .315 .311 .250 .256 .250 .30 .295 Weight of char;;e. Gn ■ams. 33 42.5 47 43 42.5 32.1 29.3 32.1 33 30 ■Weight of bullet. Grains. 135 214 219 210 231.5 223-22G 162 ICl 162 r213 <208 215 Number cartridges carried per man. 2C0 150 150 IIG 120 150 160 200 200 150 100 Weight of anuiuuii- tiou car- ried. PonnOs. 9.0 9.7 8.0 7.1 6.5 8.0 9.4 9.5 9.5 7.7 C It is the intention of the Department to manufticture barrels and ammunition for this caliber, and then to call upon inventors to submit small arms of their own designs for competitive tests, the finished bar- rels and. ammunition to be supplied by the Bureau of Ordnance at cost price. The Department has become satisfied that no difficulty will be found in adapting the Gatliug or any other machine gun to the 0".23G caliber. • TORPEDOES. Thirty Howell torpedoes were originally contracted for, with the option of increasing the number to fifty or more. Seven torpedoes of this type have been presented for oflicial trial, and the balance are REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 415 ready for assembling. Their performance, in regard to speed and accu- racy, ^^p to a range of 400 yards, was most satisfactory, but, unfortu- nately, after two weeks of trial, tlie torpedo boat from whicli the tests were conducted broke down, thus necessitating postponement of the trials until repairs could be made to the boat. Of the AYhitehead torpedoes fifty of those contracted for have been tested and accepted. It is gratifying to state that although the require ments of the specifications for the tests of these torpedoes were excep- tionally severe, the trials resulted in the acceptance of the entire lot, and all are considered to be equal in every respect to those made abroad. The remainder of the one hundred contracted for and ready for assembling will be delivered as rapidly as they can be tested. The contractor's x^lant is now capable of famishing all the torpedoes and launching apparatns the Department may see fit to order. Many important modifications have been made in the mechanical details of the Hall torpedo, which have resulted in marked impro^^e- ments in its performances. This torpedo is still under trial at the Tor- pedo Station. The Department has in view the conducting of a series of exj^eri- ments with dirigible torpedoes looking to their manipulation from a movable base. Experiments are still in progress looking to the adoption of a suit- able torpedo-net defense for our vessels. Three sections of net, two of which are of American design and manufacture, and the other of a design now in use on vessels of several foreign navies, have undergone tests for brailing up, stowing, and geiieral handling, and will soon be subjected to steaming trials to determine the efficiency of the nets, booms, and fittings, and then to exhaustive progressive firing trials which will be continued until each net is pierced. ARMOR. The tests of armor plates at the naval proving ground at Indian Head during the past year have been most important, some exceeding in severity any ever attempted either in this country or abroad. The results of these tests have been conclusive in demonstrating the desir- ability of using the Harvey process for the armor of all the vessels now under construction. In one test, that of a 14-inch nickel-steel Har- vey plate, the results were remarkable. Against this plate were fired four 10-inch Holtzer armor-piercing shells, with striking velocities of 1,472, 1,859, 1,959, and 2,059 foot-seconds, respectively. All four of these projectiles were crushed on the plate, the greatest penetration, which did not exceed 11 inches, being that of the last shot, which was fired at a fragment of the plate weighing but 4.4 tons with a striking energy of 14,715 foot-tons, or 3,344 foot-tons per ton of i^late attacked. It is believed that such an energy per ton of plate has never been used in any test. 416 EEPOIIT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. During the tests for acceptance of armor plates experiments have been made to determine the relative effects of impact of armor-piercing I)roJectiles on ship's framing protected by ordinary nickel-steel plates and by nickel-steel Ilarveyized plates. In the experiments the backing re])roscnting the ship's fiaming was the same in each case. The untreated nickel-steel i^lates receive nearly all the energy Avithin themselves, and distribute it over the vessel in racking effect; while the hard surface of the nickel-steel Harveyized plates causes the energy of impact to be irrincipally absorbed in the disintegration of the projectile. The experiments developed a marked difference in the effects produced, in one case a much heavier nickel untreated plate being set back bodily several inches under impact of 100 foot-seconds less velocity than the lowest striking velocity with whicii the Harvey plate was attacked, while the latter was scarcely moved at all. Durin.o- this vear all the armor delivered has been of nickel steel, the te^ts of which have shown ballistic qualities decidedly superior to what is required for acceptance under the terms of the contracts. Exhaustiv^e experiments have conclusively demonstrated the bene- ficial results obtained by the application of the Harvey process, and arrangements have recently been made to Harveyize such of the armor under the old contracts as was not too far advanced in manufacture to admit of the change, or as would not seriously delay the completion of the ships. In consequence of this, much of the side armor of the 3fainc, Texas, Indiana, Oregon, and Piiriian, the turret armor of the Maine, Puritan, and Blonadnocl; and the barbettes for the Oregon v»i!l be of Harveyized nickel steel. All the armor provided for under tbe new contracts will be treated by the Harvey process. At the present time this country is no longer alone in the manufac- ture and use of nickel steel, and nickel-steel Harveyized armor, its initi- ative having been followed by many foreign powers. Compound armor has been abandoned by the German naval authorities, and that country will hereafter em^doy nickel steel, and it is believed that Krupp, of Essen, is using a surface-hardening process similar to that of Harvey. Nickel-steel Harvey plates have been very successfully tried in England and Russia, and experiments are going on in France and Italy witli a view to having its manufacture domesticated in those countries. The right to use the Harvey process has been secured by an Austrian firm, and the necessary furnaces are now being installed in that country. Nickel-bteel armor has been steadily growing in favor in England, and a syndicate, including the principal armor firms of that country, has imrchased the right to use the Harvey process. AEMOR CONTRACTS. Since the date of the last report it has been found necessary to con- tract for the remaining armor required for all the vessels now author- ized by law. These new contracts include turret armor for the Indiana^ REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 417 MassacJtKsetts, and Olymjjia, side armor for tlie Massachusetts, and the entire lot of armor for the Iowa and BrooMyn, amounting in all to G,4S0 tons. The facilities for the manufacture and delivery of armor at the Carnegie and Bethlehem Works have been so vastly improved during this year that the difficulty heretofore experienced in the deliv- ery of armor promptly enough to keep pace with the building of ships has been entirely obviated, and the Department has every reason to believe that hereafter these two Arms will be able to deliver armor as rapidly as the shipbuilding policy of the Government may demand. Provisions in new contracts made in March last operate to x)lace the manufacturers under penalties in case of failure to deliver at the rate of 250 tons per mouth. At the present time it is clear to the Depart- ment that this rate will be exceeded. It is due to this rapid in- crease in the rate of delivery that the large item for armor and arma- ment is presented to Congress in the estimates of this year, as the money will be needed before the end of the next fiscal year to pay for material actually delivered. SUBMARINE TORPEDO BOAT. The result of the trial of the Baker submarine boat at Chicago iu September, 1892, was carefully considered by the Department Avith a view to a i)ractical development of the submarine boat for war service. The advantages of a submarine boat seemed to be such that the Department deemed it proper to bring the matter to the attention of Congress, which responded by authorizing the construction of a sub- marine torpedo boat. The Department issued i)roposals on May 1 of this year for designs for such a boat, and for proposals for building the same. The bids were opened on June 20, and were as IblloAvs : 1. George C. Baker, of Chicago, for $150,000. 2. George C. Baker, of Chicago, for $130,000. 3. Johu P. MoUaad ToriJeilo Boat Company, of New York, for $150,000. 4. Marcus Rutheuberg, of Philadeliihi a, for $175,000. 5. Cowles Engineering Company, of Brooklyn, for $120,000. All the designs and i^roposals were submitted to a board of naval officers for examination and report. While the matter was under con- sideration the board witnessed a trial of the boat designed by Mr. Baker. Subsequently the board reported that of all the designs sub- mitted the one of the Holland Torpedo Boat Comi^any most nearly met the requirements w^hich the boat is to fulfill, and recommended the acceptance of the proposal of that company. The Holland design of a submarine boat was favorably considered under a i^revious advertisement of the Department, that of August 20, 1888, but for want of the necessary funds the Department then found itself unable to accept any bids for such a boat, and therefore rejected all the bids received at that time. Before deciding whether to accept any of these bids I am having Ab. 93 27 418 REROET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. careful investigations made to ascertain what would be the effect ui)on the crew of a snbmerged boat of the detonation of a high explosive under water and near by. VESUVIUS. As the Department has already recommended that the $450,000 appropriated by the act of March 2, 1889, for the bnihling of a vessel similar to the Vesuvius may be made available for the construction of three torpedo boats of about the same size and general design of the Ericsson, I deem it best for the information of yourself and of Congress to give a resume of the cii^cumstances connected with the building and tests of the Vesuvius. The construction of this vessel was authorized under an act of Con- gress approved August 3, 188G. A favorable rei)ort on the system, dated December 1, 188G, having been made by the board known as the " I'neumatic Dynamite Gun Board," a contract, dated February 11, 1887, was made by the JTavy Department with the Pneumatic Dynamite Gun Company of New York for the construction of said cruiser, fullj' equipped and armed with three pneumatic dynamite guns, lor the sum of $350,000. The vessel was built by Messrs. Wm. Cramj) & Sons, of Pliiladelphia, and having had a satisfactorj'- steam trial and undergone a satisfactory inspection of the hull and macliinerj^, the Dei^.artment, on February 5, 1889, appointed a board of naval officers for the purpose of making an examination of the vessel and of wit- nessing and reporting upon the trial of her armament. The trial took place on October 9, 1889, three shots being fired for range and fifteen for endurance. After reporting in detail as to the trial the board concluded as follows : No attempt was made to secure accuracy of practice, the trial being to meet tlio contract requirements as to raiiidity of fire and to the capacity of the system to maintain tliat rapidity for a given time. For this reason it was only songlit to lose enough air at each shot to carry a standard projectile well beyond the mile. This was done. But the board being of opinion that some assurance should be hadtliat the loss of air i^ressure, representing as it does the energy put into the projectile, can be controlled within closer limits, calls the Department's attention to this point, the gun not having been tested in this respect. After carefully considering the report of this board the Department ordered a second trial, which took place on March 13, 1890, the pro- jectiles used being of subcaliber containing 201-i)ound chaj^ges of gun cotton, and fitted with mechanical fuzes, delayed action being obtained in the first and second shots by time trains intended to burn 5.5 seconds and 1 second, respectively, and the third shot being intended to detonate on impact. The report of this board, dated March 14, 1890, states that the trial showed that a shell containing 200 pounds of gun cotton or other high explosive was thrown at least 1 mile by each of the three dynamite guns constituting the vessel's armament. The vessel was accepted by the Department May 28, 1800. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 419 The information obtained up to the time of acceptance regarding- the value of these guns for naval warfare was not sufficient, and in conse- quence thereof a third trial board was ordered May 13, 1891. As a result of this trial the board recommended that the guns be carefully ranged in some suitable locality, where the fall of the projectiles could be accurately determined from shore stations j that some simple and suitable sight be fitted; that such changes be made in the mechanism for loading and firing the guns as should be found ad\dsable, and that the vessel be then subjected to such further tests as would fully determine her efficiency as a torpedo thrower. In a later report this same board recommended a detailed programme for further tests and advised certain changes in the system, which recommendations were approved by the Department on June 17, 1891, and the Bureau of Ordnance was directed to make the necessary prep- arations. These having been comx)leted the Department in January, 1893, appointed a fourth board for the purpose of making a further test of the guns of the vessel. After maturely considering the report of this board the chief of the Bureau of Ordnance referred it to the Department with the following indorsement: Eacli time tlie conclusiou of the Board lias beeu more or less favorable. Eacli report, however, has stated that the accuracy of the guns leaves much to be desired. It is mauifcst that the .iccnracy of a gun is its most important quality, and vrithout a satisfactoiy degree of accuracy all other advantages are of minor importance. The difficulty in the pneumatic guns appears to center in the main valves which admit the air to fhe gun. At all ranges except the maximum the successful work- ing of the gun demands that this valve should oiien and close in an exceedingly short time, probably a small fraction of a second. The difficulties encountered in accomplishing this have not been overcome. The Deiiartment has already expended $30,000 upon experiments with these gnus without any decided improvement. Without entering further, at this time, into the merits of the system, the Bureau recommends that further experiments be deferred until after the installation at Sandy Hook of the 15-inch guns now in course of construction for the War Depart- ment. In these guns the company jiromises to overcome the difficulties which exist in those of the Vesuvius. It is just possible that the experiments with the 15-inch pneumatic guns now in course of construction for the War Department may not give such results as to convince this Department of the value of the guns of the Vesuvuis for naval x>urxioses. The vessel has now been in the possession of the Government for three and one-half years, and in case experiments with pneumatic guns in the near future show these guns to be of little or no value for naval purposes, it would be in the interest of economy to transform her into a vessel available for efficient service with as little delay as i)Ossible. With this end in view, I recommend that Congress give the Department conditional authority to transform this vessel into a torpedo cruiser. The displacement of the vessel is 420 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. sucli tlmt with her dynamite guns removed a sufficiently powerful bat- tery could be installed to make her a formidable antagonist for unar- morod vessels. STABILITY OF CERTAIN VESSELS. Before sending the U. S. S. Detroit on a foreign cruise, the Depart- ment, following the custom of the service, directed that the vessel be inclined at the ]S"orfolk navy-yard to determine its meta centric height. The day after the vessel put to sea, on her Avay to Kio de Janeiro, the Department received a communication from the superintending con- structor at the Norfolk navy-yard forwarding a statement in regard to the inclining experiments on this vessel, and calling the attention of the Bureau of Construction and Eeiiair to the fact that the results of these experiments showed only a narrow ma?rgin of initial stability under conditions ordinarily produced in service. The vessel was then at sea and beyond possibility of immediate re- call, and the Department, realizing that this condition of stability pre- sented a question of grave importance for its consideration, referred it to the Board on Construction, with a view to ascertaining what mean should be taken to increase the metacentric height of the Detroit, and of her sister ships the Montgomery and MarbleJiead, in order to give them a safe margin of stability. The Board on Construction, after giving the matter its careful and thorough attention, reported its conclusions, and recommended certain changes, the effects of which would be to increase the metacentric height of these vessels about 40 per cent. Shortly afterwards, on the final trial of the gunboat Machias, the fact developed that this vessel also had but a narrow margin of initial stability in conditions ordinarily i)roduced in service, and it was safe to assume that her sister shij), the Castine, was in no better condition. The Department did not believe that this lack of initial stability would render these vessels unseaworthy or dangerous at sea under the ordinary contlitions of peace cruising, and this belief became assnrance when the commanding officer's report of the cruise of the Detroit from Fortress IMonroe to St. Thomas came to hand. This report stated that the vessel had encountered a very heavy gale, one of the two that so devastated our Southern coasts during the past season. The vessel behaved well, rolled easily, but, although not taking in any heavy seas, was very wet. Her commanding officer reported that at no time did she have 20 tons of water on her spar deck, which was undoubtedly due to the scamanlike manner in which the ship was handled. The maxi- mum roll officially noted during the gale was 25 degrees to starboard and 20 degrees to port, but her comnmnding officer, Commander Browuson, believed that she rolled deeper than this at times and showed a certain amount of sluggishness in recovery. However, this sluggishness was EEPORT OF THK SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 421 to be expected as lier ineta ceutric lieiglit at the time probably did not exceed 9 inches. Tlie Department was advised that changes could be made in the Detroit and her sister A^essels at no very considerable expense, which would in- crease the margin of stability to a fair limit of safety for the vessels under war conditions, which differ very materially from those of peace cruising. However, the subject was of too great importance to be treated hastily, and, as the first recommendations for changes necessary to increase this margin of stability emanated from the Board on Construction, which board had previously passed on all changes in these vessels since they were originally designed, I deemed it wise on reflection to refer the ques- tion to a second board of experts. This board, which consisted of Com- modore John G. Walker, as senior member, and of Capt. E. O. Matthews, Chief Engineer Edward Farmer, Naval Constructor E. L. Eernald, Chief Engineer H. Main, Naval Constructor F. T. Bowles, and Assist- ant Naval Constructor W. L. Capps, as members, of whom the last- named only was on duty in a Bureau of the Department, assembled at the Navy Department on November 3, and on the day following reported that it had carefully considered all the information submitted by the Department and its Bureaus in regard to the stability of the Detroit, and it recommended a number of changes in this vessel and the addi- tion of ballast which would bring her metacentric height up to 21 inches, and also reported that these recommendations applied with equal force to the Montgomery and Marhlehead. This was substan- tially the finding of the Board on Construction, and I at once ordered the changes to be made. This board is now investigating the gun-boats Macliias and Castine, and it is believed, from preliminary rei)orts already in jiossessiou of the Department, that the condition of these vessels Avill require changes to be made in them of a character similar to those recommended in the case of the De^roi^. SHIPS IN COMMISSION. During the past year the available vessels of the Navy have been almost constantly employed, and the necessity for their services in dif- ferent parts of the globe has been so continuous that the Department has felt constrained to keep vessels in commission which needed exten- sive repairs and should have been laid up for that purxDOse. The need of ships constantly in Asiatic waters is universally rec- ognized. That they are absolutely essential also in Central and South American waters has been emphasized during the present administra- tion by revolutionary troubles, all imperiling more or less the rights of American commerce in Peru, Nicaragua on the east and west coasts, Honduras, Guatamala, Costa Eica, Argentina, and Brazil. In order to even imperfectly patrol the Bering Sea during the past season it was 422 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. necessary to call in the aid of a vessel of tlie Flsli Commission — the Albatross — and of three vessels of the Eevenue jMarine. At the date of the last report Admiral Bancroft Gherardi, in com- mand of a squadron composed of the Baltimore, San Francisco, Charles- ton, and YorJctotvn, was on his way from the Pacific to Hampton Roads to take part in the naval review. Upon his arrival he was placed in command of the naval review fleet. The Xorth Atlantic sanadron, under the command of Rear- Admiral John G. Walker, and the squadron under Rear-xidmiral A. E. K. Ben- ham, during the period of tlie naval review^ became parts of the naval review fleet. When the naval review fleet was disbanded, May 31, 1893, Rear- Admiral A. E. K. Benliam was appointed commander in chief of the Korth Atlantic squadron, with the following* vessels under his command: San Francisco, MiantonomoJi, Atlanta, Kcarsarge, and Vesuvius. The Atlanta has since been x>liiced out of commission, and is now undergoing- repairs. She had been continuously iu commission for six years. T\\Q Newarli, flagship of Rear Admiral A. E. K. Benliam, accompanied by the Bennington, returned to the United States from Europe in time to take part in the review, convoying the two caravels, NinamiCiPinia, to Havana en route. Tha Essex has returned to the United States and has since been overhauled and repaired for service as a training vessel. When the naval review fleet was disba^nded the Chicago and Bennington were ordered to the European station under the jcommand of Acting Rear- Admiral Henry Erben. The details of the naval review fleet will be treated separately in the latter part of this report. Tiie Yantic was the only vessel on the South Atlantic station for many months. The Newarli, Charleston, and Detroit, are now in Bra- zilian waters. The Charleston will remain there till her services are no longer needed, and will then iiroceed to the Pacific station. Tlie vessels on the Pacific station at the present time are the P/ri/a- delphia (flag-ship), Yorldoion, Mohican, Adams, Alliance, Monterey, and Hanger. The Boston was on service in Hawaiian waters from August, 1892, until September of this year, when she was placed out of commis- sion at the Mare Island navy-yard in order to receive necessary repairs. The operations of the vessels composing the Bering Sea fleet arc referred to elsewhere. The vessels on the Asiatic station are the Lancaster (flagship), the Marion, Concord, Monocacy, and Petrel. The Baltimore is now on her way to that station, where she will relieve the Xawmsfer as flagshij), after which the latter-named vessel will proceed to the United States. Afiairs on this station have been of such a nature during the past year as to keep the vessels there moving almost continuously. The Thetis is engaged in surveying work on the coast of Central America. The Pinta has continued on special service in Alaskan REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 423 waters, aud the MicMgan on the Lakes. The training squadron has made the usiial practice cruises during the year. " It is the present intention of the Department to bring up the force on each station to the number which experience has proved to be nec- essary for the proper, efficient, and economical protection of American interests, by the addition of new vessels as they become available. NAVAL CONSTRUCTION ABROAD. The policy of naval construction now adopted by the principal for- eign naval powers looks to the building of battle ships, armored coast- deiense vessels, armored cruisers, torpedo vessels, and torpedo boats. The average displacement of the hirgest battle ships authorized or now in process of construction in England, France, Eussia, and Italy, is a little over 13,000 tons. The largest of these, an English battle ship, is to be of 14,900 tons. This vessel will probably mark the limit to the increase in size of battleships which has been steadily going on for the last ten years, the object of the increase having been to produce in one vessel all the elements of perfection of a fighting machine nec- essary to obtain the maximum of offensive and defensive power in com- bination with high speed and a large radius of action. The only foreign nations building coast-defense vessels are France and Eussia. The largest they are bnilding of this class are to be of 0,000 tons. The latest designs of armored cruisers show a great increase in size, those recently authorized in England being designed for a displace- ment of 14,000 tons, and a sustained sea-speed of 20 knots. The largest armored vessels of England, France, and Eussia are to average about 1 1 ,000 tons displacement, and are to have a maximum speed of not less than 20 knots. The tori)edo vessel, or torpedo cruiser, is common to all tlie principal foreign powers, but is not as yet found in our ]S'avy. That great importance is attached to this tyi3e of vessel abroad is evidenced by the fact that England is at present building a number aggregating 7,780 tons; France, 2,894 tons; and Italy, 4,230 tons. The value of this type of vessel can not be overestimated. It combines in a great measure the offensive qualities of the torj)edo boat with the cruising and coast guarding qualities of the gunboat, having an advantage over the former in size and speed, and over the latter in the ability to cover a greater length of coast line in a shorter space of time. The average displacement of those now building is about 830 tons. They range in speed from 19 to 22 knots, and carry an armament of rapid-fire guns and torpedoes. Improvements in torpedo boats building abroad are in the direction of increased size and speed. One hundred and ninety-seven of these vessels are now either authorized or under construction by other naval powers. 424 REPORT OF THE SECR3;TARY OF THE NAVY. NAVAL POLICY. lu your first message to Congress, December, 1885, you said: All must admit tlie .importance of au eftcctivc navy to a nation like ours, having such an extended seacoast to protect. And yet, we have not a single vessel of war that could hecp the seas against a first-class vessel of any important power. Such a condition ought not longer to continue. The nation that can not resist aggression is constantly exposed to it. Its foreign policy is of necessity weak, and its negotia- tions are conducted with disadvantage, because it is not in condition to enforce the terms dictated by its sense of right and justice. We have not eveu yet in commission a " single vessel of war that could keep the seas against a first-class vessel of any foreigii power," altliougli we bave four such iu process of construction. When your message w^as written the United States had building three modern unarmored cruisers, the Chicago, Boston, and Atlanta, and one dispatch boat, the Bolijliin. But there was no establishment in the United States that could turn out armor for modern vessels, and iiot one that could furnish the forgings for a modern gun larger than 6 inches caliber. No automobile torpedoes had ever been manufactured in this country'; no modern rapid-fire guns, and not a giain of powder for a high-power gun. Your distinguished Secretary of the Navy, Mr. Whitney, follow- ing out the suggestions of your message, applied himself at once to the task of laying broad and deep the foundations upon which the con- struction of a modern navy has progressed steadily and methodically up to this day. It was not his purpose, nor has it at any time been the intention of Congress, to build a navy equal to those of such great naval powers as France and England, but it is certainly sound policy to main- tain a navy at least as efficient, when compared with others, as that which our country was in possession of in the days before the era of modern navies, and when our seaports were deemed to be, as they certainly are not now, amply provided with fortifications fully up to the requirements of the age. Our Navy has not yet come up to that standard. Secretarj^ Whitney was thoroughly aware of the magnitude of the task before him. Every step in the undertaking was carefully consid- ered. Not only were we to have ships and guns, but they Avere to be equal, if not superior, to the best in the world. Anything short of this would viclate the traditional policy of our Government and be unwor- thy of the American people. The ships built, the armor and gun forg- ings turned out under the ccmtracts made by Mr. Whitney, the great guns assembled at the magnificent plant he established, and the rapid- fire guns made by the industry he domesticated in this country, all tes- tify to his wisdom and foresight. The great work thus begun fortu- nately fell afterwards into comi^etent hands, and Secretary Tracy car- ried it forward with distinguished ability. The programme which has been steadily followed since 188G has been to authorize one or more vessels at each session of Congress. At REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 425 first our shipbuilders were witliout experience, and, as different types of vessels are needed in every navy, authorizations gradually pro- ceeded, as common prudence dictated, from smaller to larger vessels. The second-class battle ships Maine and the Texas were the largest vessels laid down by Secretary Whitney. They are efiBcient armored vessels, filling a much-needed place in our Navy, but they were never intended to be battle ships of the first class. We have now building only four vessels which can i^roperly be denominated first-class battle ships. The cruisers and gunboats we have, built and building, con- stitute an efficient fleet, and will prove sufficient, when they shall all'be in commission, for cruising purposes in ordinary times, and to look after our commerce abroad. In time of war these cruisers, aided by the Paris, theReiv rorA-,and the other ships beingbuiltby Wm. Cramp & Sons for the American line, which constitute i^ractically all of our auxiliary navy that is valuable, would be of great use as commerce destroyers. But unarmored cruisers are not, properly speaking, fighting vessels. They can destroy merchant ships, they can fight vessels of their own class, but they can not meet armored vessels with any reasonable hope of success, and in time of war, scattered abroad over the high seas as they would be if we sent them against an enemy's commerce, they would leave our unfortified seacoast, with all its cities, absolutely with- out reliance, except upon our four first-class and two second-class battle ships, seven coast-defense vessels, and two little torpedo boats. These, if they were all concentrated, would scarcely be able to create a diversion of an enemy's fleet, and if scattered would not furnish a battle ship or even a torpedo boat for the defense of each coast city. If we carried out such a programme during a war an enemy with a fleet of battle ships could wreck cities while we were robbing schooners. The military value of a commerce-destroying fleet is easily overrated. Cruisers directed against an enemy's wealth afloat are capable of doing- great damage. They create consternation among merchants and worry the people against whose property they are directed, but unsupported by ships of the line their operations are perhaps never decisive of a war. During the twenty years from 1792 to 1812, the period covered by the French Eevolution, French cruisers and privateers captured many thou- sands of British vessels and cargoes, but these captures operated more to provoke a si^irit of determined hostility among the British people than to create such distress or alarm as would put an end to hostilities. English line-of-battle ships, instead of scattering to convoy merchant vessels, hunted and destroyed the French vessels of war at the battle of the Nile, at Cape St. Vincent, and at Trafalgar. In the meantime, in spite of her losses of merchant ships and their cargoes, England con- tinued to grow rich by her commerce. AVith her mighty battle ships she cut oif Napoleon's communications by water. With her wealth she subsidized his enemies, and it is undoubtedly true that the two great factors in the downfall of the great conqueror were the numerous battle 426 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. sliips of iEuglaiid, witli their liardy crews of Anglo-Saxons, and the euoruious Avealth of tlie greatest sea power of tlie world. The history of our civil war furnishes a more recent and familiar proof of my statement. The cruises of the Alabama and her sister ships were uncommonly successful. Semmes rivalled the exploits of Jean Bart and Du Guay-Trouiu. History will rank him as one of the most famous rovers of the seas. His success delighted the-Confeder- ates, but it did not benefit their cause. Many, indeed, were the com- plaints made against President Lincoln because he sent so few ships to search for the Confederate cruisers, but he was too wise to listen to the clamor. The fleets of the United States were not to be thus diverted from their purpose. They blockaded the ports of the Con- federacy, they penetrated its rivers, cut off its interior coimnunications, and thus it was that the ISTavy rendered services to the cause of the Union which the public has never yet fully api)reciated. In the mean- time, in spite of dei^redations, American commerce flourished. Mer- chants insured against war risks, and individual losses were borne by comnmnities. Commerce destroying was irritating, but it decided nothing. It would have been ineffectual even if the Confederates had possessed ten times as many cruisers, unsupi)orted as they were by line-of-battle ships. If our Government in the future is to have naval strength enough to command the peace and be in condition to "enforce the terms dictated by its sense of right and justice'' it must have more battle ships, and must build a reasonable number of torpedo boats. For the defense of ports, torpedo boats are perhaps more effective according to cost than any other class of vessels. The knowledge of their existence alone will make an enemy chary about approaching Avithin bombarding distance. The value of this boat is recognized by all naval powers, and they are being built abroad in great numbers. Their usefulness was emx^hasized last sunmier during the English naval manoeuvers under war conditions vf here service tori)edoes with collapsi- ble heads were used. In these manoeuvers one of the contending squad- rons was without these boats, but was furnished with battle ships and a number of fast cruisers and gun vessels; the other had twenty-four t'orpedo boats stationed at six of the i)orts to be defended. During the progress of the manoeuvers (seven days) frequent attacks were made by these boats in groups, and the official decisions of the umpires recognized that they had destroyed one battle shij) and six cruisers. The vessels decided to have been destroyed were actually struck by torpedoes with dummy heads and no other claims were allowed. During this period, eighteen torpedo boats were deemed to have been destroyed by the enemy, A rough calculation of the differ- ence in expenditure will give the value of the battle ship, which car- ried 400 men, as 83,750,000, and of the six cruisers, which carried l,GoO men, as 80,000,000, an agregate of 2,050 men and a total value of $9,750,000, while the value of eighteen tor^^edo boats was about EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 427 $1,800,000, and their crews aggregated 350 meu, the difference in losses being, in money, $7,950,^001), and in mea, 1,G90. Tor^iedo boats, how- ever, can not be relied upon alone. They must be accompanied by battle ships, as the enemy will be certain to come with battle ships and torpedo boats also. No one can value economy more highly than I do, aud its practice is ccrtaiuly necessary at this time when the Government expenditures are likely to be more than its receipts, but the safety of the country, its honor, and its dignity must rise above every other consideration, and it is respectfully submitted that the programme of authorizing the building of at least some vessels at each session of Congress ought not to be interrupted now. I recommend that the construction of at least one battle ship and six torpedo boats be authorized by Congress at the coming session. The authorization of these vessels would require the expenditure of very little money during the coming fiscal year. First-class torpedo boats can now be built for $120,001) each, and not more than 8300,000 of their cost, estimating the total at 6720,000, would be expended within the fiscal year ending June 30, 1891. So much time is required to perfect the plans of a battle ship, put it under contract, and provide the material, that not more than one-tenth of the cost of such a vessel, if it should be authorized, would need to be appropriated during the coming session of Congress. Every vessel now authorized may be expected to be in commission by the first day of July, 189G, so that unless other ships be provided for now we shall at that date not have a single ship in process of construction. The question is there- fore presented whether on account of the present condition of the Treasury the in^ogramme of building a moderate sized navy shall be absolutely arrested. It is not believed that the American people, inteiit as they are on enforcing economy in Government expenditures, are willin g that this great work should be stopped short at this time. It maybe well, considering financial conditions, to make only a moderate provision for new ships, but it would be much regretted if Congress should, b}' making none whatever, indicate an intention to abandon entirely the work of constructing the new Navy at a time when all the plants are in operation throughout the country, ready to build in bet- ter style and at more economical rates than ever before. That Government expenditures have exceeded all reasonable bounds can not be charged to the new Navy. Discussing this question in a report w^hich I had the honor to make to the House of Eepresentatives on the 13th February, 1893, and referring to what is sometimes called the golden era of economy, I said : In 1860 the total expenditures for all purposes by the United States Govemmeut, excluding pensions and interest, were $81,353,155.78. The averao:c annual expendi- tures for the Navy for the years 1858, 1859, and 1860 were $12,939,126, equivalent to 15 per cent of the total. Excluding pensions and interest upon the public debt, the exj^enses of the Navy for the past eight years, while we have been reconstructing it upon a modern basis, will not amount to more than 5 per cent of the total, Cer- 428 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. taiiily this would seem to indicate that wliatevor extravagauce may exist it is not chargeable to the Navy. Another view of the comparative cost of our Navy in the days preceding the civil Avar and now may be gathered from the following: The annual average a])propriations for the Navy of the United States for the five 3'oars preceding and including 1860 were $12,873,804.98. The census of 1860 gave the population as 31,M0,000, which would give an expenditure of over 40 cents per capita. This was the era of wooden ships, cast-metal guns, and cast-iron projec- tiles. The average annual appropriations during the ten years within which we have been building a modern navy of steel ships, armed with wrought-stecl guns, has been $21,408,653.96. Counting our present jiopulation at 67,000,000, gives an average of less than 32 cents -per capita. A more correct idea of the propriety of the present expenditures for the Navy may be gained, however, by reminding the House that the annual average expenditures for the Army are greater than those for the Navy. The Indian troubles are almost over, and volunteer armies could be raised, as our civil war demonstrated, that would defend us against any enemy whatever; but all the inhabitants of the United States, assembled at any point of our seacoast where there weie no fortifications, would be unable without ships to defend it against an attack from the sea. The increase of our population, and tlie expansion of our trade under more favorable commercial regulations than at i)reseut, which may be expected to result from future legislation, are certain' to beget Ameri- can interests which will look to naval protection in all parts of the world. The regulation of the seal fisheries and the frictions which, even under the best regulations, are likely to exist in the neighborhood of Bering Sea; the great naval establishment maintained by Great Britain at the entrance of Puget Sound; our close interests with China and Japan, increased every day by powerful lines of fast steamshii)s; our geographical and political relations with the islands of the Pacific; our multifarious interests along the whole South and Central Amer- ican coasts, now more or less in a state of i)olitical unrest, would be sufiicieut to tax nearly all of oiu> present naval strength in the Pacific Ocean alone. Indeed, the continent to the south of us, and both oceans, as I have said before, now demand the presence of Ameri- can ships of war to a greater extent than ever before, and this demand is not, in my judgment, a temporary one, but one that will steadily increase. We cannot but have most intimate relations, in every phase of na- tional existence, with the great governments of the Old World, whose subjects are now in phenomenal numbers becoming citizens of our country. As we receive these we assume the responsibility of protect- ing them, in nniny cases against their former governments. With the growth of our poi)ulation and our wonderful development, it is beyond doubt that the energies of our peoi^le will be more and more directed to foreign trade and to the extension of our interests in all directions, while the increasing immigration of subjects of foreign powers in both Europe and the Orient is all the time complicating our relations towards other governments. It seems certain, therefore, that the future is to briug with it an increase of international questions, to a settlement of REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 429 whicli,in a manner which will be at once peaceful and honorable, nayal strength will be absolutely essential. We must make and keep our Navy in such a condition of efficiency as to give weight and power to whatever i)olicy it may be thought Avise on the j)art of our Government to assume. The Kavy is to maintain an honorable peace, begotten by an assured strength to i)rotect rights, enforce just claims, beget secur- ity against foreign aggression, and compel resi^ect for any policy of our people which may affect foreign nations. With the increase of ships herein outlined, our Navy will still be one for defense rather than offense. We would, however, with this policy enforced, have our ports adequately protected and at the same time have sufficient i)ower on the high seas and in foreign ports to maintain the rights and interests of our people, and to uphold the honor and dignity of our flag among the nations of the earth, without unduly burdening our people or entering into any rivalry with those great navies maintained by nations who believe their existence depends on their naval strength. I feel sure that this policy will have the full and hearty approval of the large majority of our people. PERSONNEL. I cannot too strongly recommend Congressional action in reference to the i)ersonnel of the line of the Navy. Its present condition is too serious to be neglected any longer, and unless remedies are adopted looking to some system of promotion which will produce a regular flow from the bottom to the top of the list, the consequences, not only to the service but also to the Government, will soon be nothing less than alarming. The object of any scheme of promotion in the Navy should be to pro- duce efficient commanding officers, the accomplishment of which neces- sitates that officers of the line be made to bear the responsibilities of actual command by or before the time they have reached the prime of life; while they are still young enough to accommodate themselves to the demands upon intellect and energy which are made by the assump- tion of control of a modern man-of-war. A clear understanding of the necessity for immediate action in this matter can Only be gained by a statement of the principal causes here- tofore existing which have led to the present stagnation in promotion, which statement will also show that neither the evils themselves nor the necessity for removing them are oi^en to dispute. The principal causes which have led to the present condition of affairs are, briefly stated, as follows : First, in 1855 Congress authorized a scrutiny of the active list which resulted in the removal of a large number of officers, the vacancies thus created being filled from the passed-midshipmen of the Navy. The im- mediate effect of this was the reduction of the number of officers below the grade of lieutenant from 258 in 1854 to 78 in 1857. This number 430 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. liad only increased to 91 wlieu tlie outbreak of the civil war occurred, an event wLicli caused a great uumber of resignations from all grades of the Navy, creating at once many vacancies all through the line, to fdl which there existed only the small number of junior officers men- tioned above. The resulting embarrassment of the Department for officers in the junior grades forced the Government to supply its wants from the merchant service. To this lack of officers in a time of sudden need was due the unfor- tunate policy which prevailed from ISGvO to 18G7, inclusive, and which has contributed, more than any other cause, to the present stagnation in promotion. During most of this xjeriod the numbers in the classes under instruction at the Naval Academy were kept at the highest pos- sible limit, the cadets being x)ressed to graduation in large numbers and with the utmost rapidity. On the 1st of January, 18G5, there were 480 midshipmen in the service, all of whom had entered since the war began. In January, 18G6, there Avere in the Academy- 147 midshii)men in the fourth or lowest class alone. Jlidshipmeu were graduated during the years 18GG-'G7-'68 at an average rate of about 78 per year. In 18G2 the demands of the war, and in 18GG a necessary reorganization, had each contributed to so increase the numbers as to make promotions to the grade of lieutenant very rapid, but only for a few years to follow. The senior IG midshipmen of the 78 who were graduated in 18G8 became lieutenants in 1872, at an average age of 24. The 12 seniors of this class have been promoted to lieutenant-commanders since the beginning of this year at an average age of 45, and after having served twenty- one years in the grade of lieutenant. At the same time that this disproportionate number of graduates entered the active service the number dating from 18G0 and 18G1 was further increased by the admission of many officers from the volunteer Navy, whose ability and services had entitled them to such recognition on the part of the Government. Second. The effect of an act passed in 1870 which largely increased the numbers in the lower grades of the Line. Third. The effect of an act passed in August, 1882, which largely decreased the. numbers in the higher grades of the Line. The present result of the combined causes mentioned above is shown in the following table, Avhich gives tlie average ages at wliich officers of the line now reach the several grades : Grade. Ecar- Admiral Commodore Captain Commander Lieutenant commander Lieutenant Junior lieutenant Ago. 61 53 50 48 46 r.c 33 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 431 I have endeavored to impress you with iny deliberate conviction that this most important branch of the public service, which may properly be termed The right arm of the Eepublic for external defense, now suf- fers from two great evils, viz : First, a large proportion of the officers of the line of the Xavy, at a time when mind and body ought to be at the best, are serving in the lower ranks without command and the habit it begets. Second, no method now exists whereby the Government can get the very flower of its personnel into those positions where they can be ot the greatest service to the country, in consequence of which a dull mechanical movement takes the place of healthy progression lud by merit and fitness. I am engaged in the preparation of a plan for the reorganization of the liue of the '^hyj which 1 think will meet the requirements of the service, and I shall have the honor to present it to the Committees on Naval Affairs, and also to the Joint Committee to investigate and con- sider the subject of the rank, pay and other matters relating to the personnel of the ISTavy pro])Osed in the con current resolution introduced by the Hon. ]\Ir. Meyer,' in case said concurrent resolution becomes a law. Before concluding these remarks on the personnel, it gives me pleasure to express the high opinion I have formed of the abilitj^ and efficiency of all the corps of the Navy. During the short time that I have occupied this office, the whole strength of the service has been most actively engaged, both at home and abroad, on various duties calling for dispatch, fidelity, and judg- ment. I am glad to say that, taken as a whole, I can not do otherwise than commend the promptness and ability with which these duties have been performed. I think it is no exaggeration to say that, with the reform herein shown to be necessary, the Navy of the United States will have no superior in its personnel, and that its professional proficiency and ability to build, arm, equip, provision, and handle modern ships of war will increase with every year and will keep its officers in the vanguard of military and naval progress. ENLISTED ]\rEN. The present condition of affairs abroad makes it imperatively neces- sary that the new vessels should be sent to duty on foreign stations as rapidly as they become available, but the Department finding that the l)resent number of enlisted men and boys in the .service is insufficient for this jiurpose, I have the honor to recommend that this force be increased by 2,000 men. In order to enable the enlisted men of the Navy to become citizens of the United States, as is most desirable, without forfeiting their contin- uous service in the Navy, it is recommended that the privilege granted to enlisted men of the Army by section 21G0 of the Kevised Statutes be also granted to the enlisted men of the Navy. 432 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. OPERATIONS IN BERING SEA. On tbe 21st of April, 1893, the Department designated Commander Nicoll Ludlow, IT. S. Navy, to take command of a squadron of vessels to cruise in and about Bering Sea, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the convention between tbe United States and Great Britain, dated April 18, 1892, for a modus vivendi in reference to the talcing of seals. The squadron consisted of the Moliican and Ranger^ temporarily transferred from the Pacific Station; the Petrel, tempo- rarily transferred from the Asiatic Station ; the Fish Commission steamer Albatross, temporarily transferred from th& U. S. Fish Commission by order of the President; and the revenue cutters Rush, Coricin, and Bear, which, by direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, were placed under the orders of the naval officer in general command. The squadron assembled at Port Townsend, from which place the Bear and Rush sailed on the 26th of May, the Coricin the 27th, the Albatross the 28th, the Ranger the 29th, and the Mohican the 3 1st, for a cruise in the waters in and about Bering- Sea. The orders to the com- manding officers of these vessels directed them to warn all American and British vessels found outside of Bering Sea not to enter its prohib- ited waters for the pnrj)ose of sealing, and to seize all vessels found to be or to have been employed in sealing within said waters, whether Avith or without warning, and all vessels found therein, whether warned or not, having on board imi)lements for taking seals, sealskins, or bodies of seals. The commanding officers of all vessels were directed to take careful soundings and to gather such hydrographic information as might be of use for correcting the imperfect charts of Bering Sea. They were further directed to collect as much information as it was practicable for them to obtain upon the habits and customs of the seals without killing them. The provisions in the Eevised Statutes as to seizures were closely followed. By June 13 the Mohican had boarded and warned six American ves- sels, and one British, and the Rush twelve American and six British. By June 24 the Albatross had boarded and warned seven American and fourteen British. By June 25 the Ranger had boarded and warned nine American vessels and five British. H. B. M.'s ships Garnet and Nymphe, cooperating with the United States force in carrying out the provisions of the modus vivendi, reported on June 25, having boarded and warned seven American vessels and ten British. The American schooners St. Paul and Alexander were seized on the 2d of July for violation of section 19G5 of the Revised Statutes. On the Gth of July a large quantity of liquor was seized from the bark Horatio, which was on board in violation of section 1955 of the Eevised Statutes. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 433 On the 7tli of July tlie Americau sclioouer C. G. White was seized for violatiou of section 28G7 of the Eevised Statutes of the United States, the entry in her logbook showing- that she had transferred 215 seal skins to the schooner Czarina. By July 8 all American sealers known to be in the Pacific had been boarded and warned. Of the other sealers all had been boarded and warned, with the possible exception of three British schooners, which it was thought had returned to Victoria. On the 28th of August the Rush was detached from the squadron at Unalaska and ordered to proceed to San Francisco. On September 22 the Fetrel was ordered to Sitka, and to proceed thence to the Asiatic station. On the same date the Cor win was detached from the squad- ron at Unalaska and ordered to proceed to San Francisco. The Mohi- can sailed from Unalaska for Sitka on the 23d of September, the sealing season being over. The Albatross returned to San Francisco on September 30, and the Ranger October 3. The latter vessel took eleven destitute citizens from Unalaska to San Francisco. The squadron was judiciously distributed by its commanding officer in Bering Sea, and it continued active cruising within the prohibited waters during the entire season. The Department takes pleasure in recognizing the valuable services rendered by the revenue cutters. The operations of this squadron, under the command of Commander Nicoll Ludlow, reflect great credit upon that olficer. NAVAL MILITIA. It is gratifying to the Department to be able to state that public interest in the naval militia is gradually and steadily increasing. At the date of the last annual rei)ort the number of men certified as mus- tered in and serving in the naval militia of seven states was 1,794. During the present year organizations have been authorized by the legislatures of Pennsjdvania and Illinois, and the number of officers and men mustered in and serving at the present time is as follows: Massachusetts 589 Rhode Island 119 New York 410 Penusylvauia 150 Maryland , 130 North Carolina 262 South Carolina 204 California 301 niinois 211 Total 2,376 The legislatures of two other states, Michigan and Connecticut, have also passed laws authorizing the formation of naval militia battalions, Ab. 93 28 434 ' REPORT OB^ THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. but as yet no officers or men liave been nnistered in thereunder. The organization of the naval militia was an experiment of which many- doubted the success. But the high character of the young men who have enlisted in the movement and the zeal and patriotic ardor with Avhich they have so fiir x)erformed the duties upon which they have entered are certainly enough to inspire the hoi^e that the naval militia will prove to be of value to the country. l^^arly in this administration the Assistant Secretary, who has this matter in charge, and whose invaluable assistance, not only in the many matters entrusted especially to him but also as a counselor in others, 1 am pleased to acknowledge, decided u^ion a definite policy in regard to the practical instruction of the naval militia, in pursuance of which letters were written to the governors of the various states in which there existed legally organized naval militia forces, offering on the part of the Department to afford each of these organizations an opi)ortunity to make a cruise of from four to seven days on board a war vessel for the purpose of drill and target practice. In accordance with this intention the Department directed Eear-Admiral A. E. K. Benham, U. S. J^avy, commanding the United States naval forces oij the North Atlantic station, to authorize drills and instruction on vessels of his command. In the Department's instructions to Admiral Benham were included the following extracts: During tlio four days * * * you will get the sliips under way aud proceed to sea at such times aud for such i>eriods of time as may seem best to you to carry out the object of this cruise — the instruction of the naval militia. The Department desires that all the time i^ossible be devoted to drills and instruc- tion underway, in addition to such target practice as you may think necessary, and directs that there be no landing or harbor drills of any kind except such as may be classed under the customary and ordinary use of the ship's boats. The Department requests, from such officers as you may detail to make them, reports on the efficiency of the militia, both officers and men, the reports, generally speak- ing, to cover the subjects of their professional knowledge, organization, discipline, drill, iiniform, efficiency as seamen, firemen, or ship's artificers, the completeness of their organization as a ship's company, and the readiness and availability of the force as a whole to completely man a ship of war should it bo called upon to do so. The men are to perform all the duties of their rates as far as practicable, and, whenever i)ossiblc, are to be drilled by their own officers, though always under the sui)ervision of the regular officers of the ships. There was a general disposition on the part of our volunteer sailors to accept this offer of the Departlnent, and drills and instruction were had on board naval vessels as follows : Two hundred and forty-one officers and men of the Massachusetts naval militia were embarked on the San Francisco and Miantonomoh. They took the places and performed the duties of an equal number of the regular crews, which were temporarily transferred to the receiving shi}) at Boston, Mass. Sixty officers and men of the Bristol division of the Ehode Island REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 435 naval militia embarked on board the Miantonomoh for fonr days' drill, the men going on board in the morning and disembarking in the even- ing, all the drills and instruction taking iilace with the A^essel under way. The two separate Rochester divisionsof the Xew York Naval Militia, numbering 70 officers and men, received four days' instruction at sea on the flagship San Francisco. The first battalion of the I^Tew York iN aval Militia decided not to embark on a man-of-war on account of the battal- ion's lack of sufficient preparation and organization. This battalion, how- ever, spent a week on board the old line-of-battleship New Hampshire^ at anchor in Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, for the purpose of drill and instruction. A part of the Philadelphia divisions of the Pennsylvania Xaval Militia, numbering 93 officers and men, embarked on the flagship San Francisco with the two divisions of Rochester, ]S". Y., and were instructed and drilled for four days at sea. Sixty-eight officers and men of the North Carolina Militia receiv^ed four days' instruction on board the Kearsarge, the drills and target practice taking place at sea. After this tour of duty the monitor Nantitclet was turned over to the governor of North Carolina for the use of the naval militia of that State. The naval militia of South Carolina had intended to take a four days' course of instruction on the Kearsarge, but were prevented from so doing by reason of the unfortunate experiences of many of its mem- bers during a disastrous storm just prior to that time. It was the intention of the Department to give the militia of Cali- fornia an opportunity of gaining experience at sea, but no man-of-war was available on the Pacific Coast for that purpose. From the reports received by the Department during the year, it is apparent that the naval militia organizations under the different states are progressing as rapidly as possible under the peculiar circumstances of their situation on shore. The interest of the Navy Department in the naval militia must, in the very nature of things, depend upon its efficiency as a seagoing force; and it is the intention of the Department to give the various organizations its most hearty cooperation in all efforts tending to such an end. The experience of this year has so impressed the Department with the imi)ortauce of the annual cruise that its policy in this direction will, if circumstances permit, be carried out on even a larger scale during the next year. It is exceedingly gratifying to see so many of our patriotic citizens thus voluntarily organizing and laboring to lit themselves for naval duty. Our long and exposed seacoast and the difficulties atteiuling enlistment of sailors from our merchant marine make this organization of great national importance, and the Department will do everything possible under existing laws to foster and encourage it. 436 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. THE COLUMBIAN CARAVELS. These vessels, the Santa Maria, Nina, and Pinfa, were coustructed in Spain, the first named at the expense of the Spanish Government, and the other two at the expense of the United States under authority granted in the naval appropriation act dated July 19, 1892. All were completed in time to participate in the Columbus celebration at Palos, Spain, in October, 1892, Afterwards the Santa Maria was brought to the United States via Havana, under Spanish naval officers and men. The Nina and Pinta were convoyed and towed to Havana by the United States ships Neicarlc and Bennington. At Havana they were turned over to the Spanish authorities, by whom they were brought to the United States, and with the Santa Maria participated in the naval review in April of this year. Under direction of the Department they were all afterwards towed to the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago. The Santa Maria having been presented to the United States by the Spanish Government, was turned over to the Secretary of the Xavy with appropriate ceremonies at the World's Fair. In September of this year, the Spanish officers and seamen of these vessels were relieved by officers and seamen of our Navy. At the close of the Fair, the Columbian Museum Company of Chicago, intending to apply to Congress for the passage of an act donating the caravels perma- nently to the city of Chicago, offered to take charge of them pending the api)lication. The Department having satisfied itself that the ves- sels would be properly cared for, accejited the ofier and turned them over accordingly, thus saving itself the burden and expense of their preservation during the coming winter. The caravels are of no use to the Navy but remain as most interesting historical mementoes, not only of the courage and genius of the illus- trious discoverer of our continent, but also of the great World's Fair Exposition, and of the friendly action of Spain in building and sending to this country the Santa Maria. It is, therefore, suggested that Con- gress be asked to direct what disposition shall be made of them. Should Congress decide that they are to be brought to Washington, I recommend that an act be passed authorizing the expense of towing and bringing them to be paid from the unexpended balance of the api)r()priations for the "International Naval Eeudezvous and Keview." In this connection I beg to inform you that Capt. Andersen, the daring navigator who brought the Viking to the Exi)Osition, and who represents those enterprising citizens of Norway who built the boat, has signified his intention to present that vessel to our Government through the Navy Department, and I have intimated an intention to acceiJt it. I therefore recommend that Congress shall also provide that some suitable disposition shall be made of the Viking when it shall come into the hands of the Government. EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 437 INTEEXATIONAL NAVAL RENDEZVOUS AND REVIEW. Eeferriugto the International Naval Eendezvous and Ee^dew, author- ized by act of Congress approved April 25, 1890, it gives me pleasure to state that all the details connected with the organizing and conducting of this undertaking were carried out in the most satisfactory manner. The rendezvous took place in Hampton Eoads April 24, the foreign ships commencing to arrive by April 8. Eear- Admiral Bancroft Gher- ardi, the senior officer of our Navy, was given entire charge of the conduct of all operations connected with this event. With a fleet of twelve American vessels he received the visiting ships as they arrived at Hampton Eoads, parang to the officers and crews of the foreign vessels those courtesies which are naturally incident to an occasion of this character. On the 2ith of April the vessels of the combined fleet, which consisted of twelve from the United States, four from England, three from France, three from Brazil, two from Eussia, two from Italy, two from Germany, and one from Holland, got under way and pro- ceeded to New York in fleet formation, with Eear- Admiral Gherardi in command. At New York this fleet was joined by one more Eussian vessel, three Spanish vessels, one Argentine vessel, and the Mianto- nomoh, of our own Navy, making a combined fleet of thirty-five men of war. On the 2Gth of April this large fleet, in double- column formation, pro- ceeded up New York Bay and the Hudson Eivev to the naval review anchorage, where the three caravels were found ^-waiting it. On the 27th of April the fleet was reviewed by the President on board the Dolphin, each vessel as it passed rendering him the honors due his posi- tion. On the following day, the 28th of April, armed battalions of the United States, England, Eussia, Germany, France, Italy, Brazil, Argentina, and the Netherlands, amounting in the aggregate to 3,815 men, marched in column of brigades through the principal streets of New York and were reviewed by the governor of the State. Thisi parade closed the review. The entire affair was a success in every respect, this being due not only to the skillful and delicate conduct of the American admiral in command of the combined fleet, but also to the cordial and hearty cooperation afforded him by the oflicers com- manding the foreign squadrons. The review was not only instructive to all our people, but was of the greatest interest to the naval service. The appropriations for the naval rendezvous and review, iucludin^roi)er aiipropriations, to be applied to naval purposes. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 447 SALE OP CONDEMNED VESSELS. As stated in the last aiiiuial report of this Department, the only offer made for the tag Ivy, at Mare Island, amounting to $1,305, was accepted and the vessel delivered to the purchaser. The appraised value of the vessel was $1,000. The expense of advertising for propo- sals. for the purchase of the Ivy and the Mayjloicer, for which latter vessel no ofter was received, amounted to $1G0.G5. After paying the expenses of advertising, the net proceeds $1,138.35, were covered into the Treasury, in accordance with section 3G1S of the Ee vised Statutes, as "Miscellaneous receipts on account of the sale of Government prop- erty." An account of the payments for advertising and deposit of net proceeds of the sale will be found in the Appendix to this report. The Pcdos, which had been condemned as unfit for further service, was duly advertised for sale on the Asiatic station. Her appraised value was $7,000, but the highest ofter received under the advertise- ment was 6,000 silver yen — less than the appraised value. It was deemed to the interest of the Government to dispose of the vessel with- out further delay, and under the authority of the President, the com- manding officer of the Asiatic station was cabled, on the Gth of Janu- ary to accept the highest ofter. He succeeded in obtaining An offer of 7,000 silver yen, and accepted it. After x)aying all expenses connected with the sale, the net proceeds realized, amounting to $5,145.10, were deposited by the pay ofiBcer in charge and covered into the Treasury, in pursuance of the section of the Statutes above mentioned. On the 17th June last, the tug Phlox at Annapolis, appraised at $2,000, was advertised for sale, but no offer was received. She will be made use of at the Academy. The tag Mayflower for which no bid was obtained under advertise- ment of October 20, 1892, has been reappraised and proposals invited for her purchase. ESTIMATES AND APPROPRIATIONS. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, the estimates for the Xavy and Marine Corj)s, including increase of the Navy and public works, amount to $27,885,914.02, as will be seen from the following tabular statement. The estimates for the same purposes for the current fiscal year amounted to $24,471,498.21, or $3,414,415.81 less than those for the next fiscal year. For the current fiscal year the estimates for increase of the Navy amounted to $9,703,057, and for the next fiscal year they amount to $12,455,025, the difference being $2,751,308. The estimates for the running expenses of the Navy and Marine Corps, including improvements at navy-yards and stations for the next fiscal year, amount to $15,430,889.02, being $GG3,047.81 in excess of the estimates of the current fiscal year, 448 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. Comparative exhibit of estimates and appropnations, 1894 and 1895. Detailed objects of expenditure and explanation. Estimates, 1894. Appropriations, 1894 — current year. Estimates, 1895. General establishment: Pay of the Navy Pay, Tniscellancous Contingent, Navy Bureau of Yards and Docks : Ordinary expenses Public Vorks Bureau of Navigation : Ordinary expenses Naval Academy Bureau of Equipment Bureau of Ordnance Bureau of Construction Bureau of Steam Engineering Bureau of Supplies and Accounts. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery . . Marine Corps : Pay Department Quartermaster's Department. . Naval Observatory Hydrographic Office Total running expenses Increase Navy : Bureau of Equipment Bureau of Ordnance . . .'. Construction and machinery. Total Increase N avy . . . Grand total $7, 300, 000. 00 240, COO. 00 7, 000. 00 569, 453. 14 757, 683. 00 163, 750. 00 219, 488. 65 950, 025. 00 429,324.00 909, 972. 50 739, 900. 00 1, 273, 892. 03 125, 000. 00 713, 469. 63 286, 383. 26 16, 500. 00 $7, 300, 000. 00 240, 000. 00 7, 000. 00 375, 709. 54 1, 045, 244. CO 103, 000. 00 187, 005. 45 950, 025. 00 324,824.00 969, 972. 50 707, 900. 00 1, 197, 532. 03 105, 000. 00 690, 478. 36 254, 210. 50 16, 500. 00 14, 7C7, 841,. 21 14, 480, 461. 38 555, 305. 00 2, 000, 000. 00 7, 148, 352. 00 250, 000. 00 200, 000. 00 6, 875, 000. 00 9, 703, 657. 00 7, 325, 000. 00 $7, 475, 000. 00 240, goo. 00 7, 000. 00 703,809.54 403,831.00 276, 750. 00 197,101.45 1, 131, 025. 00 645,801.00 919, 972. 50 1, 017, 900. 00 1,287,532.03 125, 000. 00 702, 000. 03 264, 210. 00 23,956.03 10, 000. 00 15, 430, 889. 02 0, 500, 000. 00 5, 955, 025. 00 12, 455, 025. 00 24, 471, 498. 21 21, 811, 401. 38 27, 885, 914. 02 The total amount given in tlie foregoing statement as the appropri- ations for the current fiscal year does not include the approiiriation of $300,000 for the Kaval Review, $200,000 for naval-supply fund, and $192,600 continuous appropriations included in the digest, which gives the total appropriations for 1893-'94 for the naval service as $22,504,001.38. It will be seen from the above that the estimates for the coining year, when items in last year's appropriations and not in these estimates are iuckuled, are $5,381,852.04 in excess of the appropriations for the pres- ent fiscal year. In the preparation of these estimates every effort has been made to reduce each item to the lowest possible point, and yet I am convinced that no smaller amounts than herein designated will suffice for the actually necessary expenditures of this Department. The excess of these estimates over the appropriations for the present fiscal year is due to the fact that only $200,000 was appropriated by the act of March 3, 1893, for ordnance, under "increase navy," whereas, under same head, $0,500,000 will be required during the coming fiscal year. This great difference results from the fact that by reason of the REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 449 failure of armor contractors to supply armor large balances had ac- cumulated to the credit of this fund, and these balances heretofore appropriated are being utilized to pay for armor and armament coming in during the present year. The sum carried in the present estimates, $0,500,000, will be all needed, because of the prompt deliveries of armor and armament now being made, and it will i:>ay in full for all the guns and armor required for all the vessels heretofore authorized. Appropriations, expenditures, and balances, fiscal year ending June 30, 1893. Pay of tbeNavy... Pay, miscellaneous . Gout iiig^nt, Xavy Ma fine Corps : Pay rrovisiona ClothiDg Fuel Military stores Transportation and recruiting Repairs of barracks Forage Hire of quarters Contingent Naval Academy : Pay Special course Repairs Heating and lighting Contingent Navigation : Transportation, recruiting, and contingent Gunnery exorcises Naval training station Naval war college and torpedo school Ordnance: Ordnance and ordnance stores Repairs Torpedo station Civil esta'olishment Contingent Equipment . Equipment of vessels Civil establishment Contingent Yards and Docks: Maintenance Civil establishment Contingent Naval Home, Philadelphia, Pa . . . Rei)airs and preservation at navy- yards , Ab. 93 29 A ppropriations for tiscal year ending uTuie 30, 1893, exclusive of public works $7, 300, 000. 00 2-iO, 000. 00 7, 000. 00 087, 540. 85 71, 188. 63 75, 000. 00 19, 500. 00 13, 280. 50 14, 000. 00 16, 512. 00 2, 800. 00 6, 624. 00 27, 500. CO 104, 205. 45 5, 000. 00 21,000.00 17, 000. 00 41, 800. CO Amount drawn fiscal year ending June 30, 1803. 40,000.00 1 6, 000. 00 18, 000. 00 8, 000. 00 155, 000. 00 30, 000. 00 60, 000. 00 20, 824. 00 8, 000. 00 925, OOO 00 19, 025. 00 12, 000 00 230, 000 00 61, 380 69 15, 000 00 70, 215 00 275. 000. no $5, 081, 980. 33 237, 631. 23 1,572.70 574, 666. 60 71,185.98 73, 601. 28 19, 500. 00 13, 148. 42 13, 921. 51 14, 709. 23 2, 800. 00 0, 024. CO 27, 426. 83 104. 2C0. 00 1,G99.S0 19,214.66 16, 605. 35 35,985.81 20, 364. 94 4, 318. 50 17, 881. 00 3, 894. 37 115. 625. 20 29, 274. 59 54, 422. 64 26, 168. 00 5, 946. 18 717, 333. 72 19, 024. 90 5, 439. 87 210, 930. 48 60, 602. 70 14, 085. 19 53, 326. 95 238, 488. 41 Balances undrawn June 30, 1893. $1, 618, 019. 67 2, 368. 77 5, 427. 24 112,874.25 2.65 1, 395. 72 r)a]ances undrawn October 31, 1893. 138. 08 78.49 1, 802. 77 73.17 65.45 3, 300. 20 1, 785. 34 394. 65 5, 814. 19 13, 035. 06 1, 681. 50 119. 00 4, 105. 63 39, 374. 80 725. 41 5, 577. 36 656. 00 2, 053. 82 207, 066. 28 .04 6, 500. 13 19, 009. 52 777. 99 914. 81 16, 888. 05 36,511.59 $734, 458. 79 3.61 5, 100. 93 66, 307. 27 124. 05 3,172.64 466. 52 102. 13 172. 26 1, 288. 62 94.38 55.97 2, 340. 51 284. 08 32.18 1,920.02 8, 728. 91 167. 37 .95 77.25 34, 500. 82 233. 08 3, 300. 72 699. 95 274. 70 77, 053. 39 118. 27 3, 855. 04 3, 564. 59 1, 278. 49 600. 37 2, 999. 18 1, 237. 60 450 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, Ajiproin-iations, expenditures, and halances, fiscal year ending June 30, 1SD3. — Cont'd. Medicine and Surgery : Medical department Kcpairs Contingent Supplies and Accounts : Provisions, Navy Civil establislnnent Contingent Construction and l.'opair: Construction and repair Civil establishment Steam Engineering: Steam machinery Civil establishment Contingent Total Appropriations for fis(!al year cndin<:June30, 1893, exclusive ol'public works. $55, 000. 00 20, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 1,090,000.00 67, 502. 03 40, COO. 00 950, 000. 00 19, 972. 50 650, (!00. 00 11,900.00 1, COO. 00 Amount drawn tiscal year ending Juno 30, 1893. $53, 444. 62 13, 327. 32 19, 375. 00 925, 991. 80 60, 335. 19 30, 933. 89 850, 354. 17 18,871.37 588, 238. 97 11, 799. 33 736. 97 Balances undrawn June 30, 1893. $1, 555. 38 6, 672. 68 5, 025. 00 164,008.20 1, 196. 84 9, 066. 11 99, 645, 83 1,101.13 61,701.03 100. 67 263. 03 Balances undrawn October 30, 1893. $20. 37 10.38 3.00 21,731.89 1, 477. 50 759. 34 25, 077. 78 1, 105. 26 21, 398. 07 149. 98 60. 91 13, 559, 806. 65 11,099,013.12 2, 400, 853. 53 1, 026, 691. 78 As will be seen from tlie foregoing liances of olden times, with which the Navy then did the country such good service, and themselves so much honor. The text-books used in the seamanship department are foreign, and treat mostly of vessels not of recent type. The preparation of a text- book, for the instruction of cadets in the most modern methods of con- struction, our own as well as those of the advanced shipbuilders of Euiojie, is advised ; also such an addition to the class room of working models (in miniature), of modern vessels, men-ofwar and merchant steamers, as would enable the professors to instruct by the eye as well as through the mind. The ordnance department is well equipped with modern guns. The practice with them, both at quarters aud in tiring at targets, was of 456 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE high efficiency, showing good instruction. The rifles used by the cadets are not of late modern type, and shoukl be repLaced by others, as soon as a decision is reached by tlie Navy Department in regard to the small arm to be used in the service. In the department of navigation we regret that the equipment for practical instruction in this most important branch of a naval officer's education is lamentably deficient, a branch that is increasing each day in importance as a factor of safety, as faster vessels are being added to our squadrons. Here the Board find old instruments, sextants, etc., that have been in use for twenty or thirty years; a small building, not large enough for the proper accommodation of the classes, and even this buildmg, dignified by the name observatory, in bad repair. The Board reconi- mend an entire new outfit of instruments used in practical navigation; a new building of sufficient size for properly teaching the parts of this branch, now necessary from the use in shipbuilding of steel and iron, which cause such deviations of the seaman's guide, the conipass. The Board also advise the employment of a competent machinist, under whose care these delicate instruments should be placed, and who could at once supply the deterioration that must occur when handled by novices in their use. The Board commend the general proficiency of the cadets in these departments with the small means in the hands of the ])rofessors in charge and hope that at a very early day the departments of seaman- shij) and navigation may be as well supplied with proper helps for in- struction in these very important branches as the ordnance depart- ment now is, or can be made at small outlay. DISCIPLINE, DRILL, PRACTICAL EXERCISES, ADMINISTRATION, AND POLICE. In SO far as the enforcement thereof lies within the authority of the officers of the Academy, the Board find nothing adverse to report in resi)ect of the discipline, drill, police, and administration. The only matter as to which they care to suggest correction is in relation to liberty allowed to cadets. Social i^rivileges should be so restricted as to forbid cadets to make social visits, either in or out of the yard during study days; and short leaves to go away from Annapolis should be absolutely discontinued, except in case of extreme emer- gency. STEAM, MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS, AND MECHANICS. The Board have no report to make other than to commend the conduct of these departments and approve of the course of studies. Attention is called to the observatory and scientific instruments located there. The building is old, roof in bad condition, causing leak- age Avhich endangers the instruments. A new building should be built, fitted up with the newest and best instruments. The present nautical instruments are old and, having been in service a long time, it is re- commended that a new observatory be built, which shall be a repository for all scientiiic instruments, sextants, chronometers, compass compen- sating apparatus, and that a skilled mechanician of some scientific attainment be placed in charge with adequate salary. At present all the valuable scientific plant in the old observatory is looked after by a REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 457 laborer, unacquainted with the proper liandling or ordinary repair of delicate instruments, such as are now stored in the observatory building. ENGLISH STUDIES, MODERN LANGUAGES, DRAWING, PHYSIOLOGY, AND HYGIENE. The Board have had a free and full conference with the several pro- fessors who have charge of the course of instruction in these depart- ments; the methods of teaching, text-books, and improvements in lines of study were all considered, and the following detailed report is sub- mitted : (1) In the department of English studies it would be desirable for various reasons to enlarge the course of study on one or two subjects, but the Board see no way to accomplish this without taking from the time allotted to equally important studies. (2) The- course of study in the modern languages is as efFective as can be made without a longer i^eriod at the Academy. It is the con- viction of your Board that the study of the Spanisli language should be made compulsory, and no longer optional, as it now is. (3) The department of drawing is well adjusted in its several sec- tions, and gives the best opportunities to tlie student with the present curriculum of study maintained in tlie institution. (4) The department of physiology and hygiene is much cramped for time to give the results which are so desirable in this course of instruc- tion. The imi)ortance of the instruction and physical culture obtained in this department can scarcely be overestimated. The professor having charge of this course of instruction is urgent for more time, and the enlargement of the apparatus needed to make the course what it ought to be. But manifestly there is no way to give more time to this most important course of instruction unless there shall be some enlargement of the academic period. In these several departments the professors painfully realize that they are prevented from doing the eft'ective work they desire, because of the limited time the student can give their respective courses. But unless the academic period is lengthened it would be unwise to enlarge the course of instruction in any of these departments, as the time of the student should have an equitable distribution in all the academic courses. IN CONCLUSION. The Board desires to express the great gratification which has been experienced in the discharge of the duties incident to their appointment. The Naval Academy, as presently organized and conducted, is an honor to the nation and a credit to all those who have in any way contributed to its development. Eecurrent international obligations and relations involve the necessity of maintaining a well-officered and appropriately equipped naval establishment. The ]S"avy is an institution in which every inteUigent American citizen must feel a peculiar interest and pride. The old ]N^avy was the glory of the country in. the days that are gone; the reconstructed Navy should be equally the object of the solicitude and pride of the people for the present and in the future. All the lessons of experience, as well as a patriotic impulse, demand that a proper solicitude should be exercised for the education and training of 458 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE ilie youth enlisted in this iuiportaut "branch of the imblic service. It is the character of the personnel of a service which determines its strength or weakness. EECOMMENDATION.S. After a careful and diligent inquiry into the conditirins and needs of the Xaval Academy, the Board very earnestly urge the following changes in the course of instruction of naval cadets: (1) The standard of admission to the Academy should be lowered in certain respects, and some of the branches upon w^hich candidates are now examined sliould be taught during the first year. (2) Candidates shoidd be admitted about June 1, and after admis- sion shonld renuiin at the Academy during i^art of the summer. (3) The cruise of the cadets after the four years' course at the Acad- emy should be discontinued, and the entire cadet course, six years, should be at the Academy, and in j)ractice ships connected witli the Academy. (4) The present four years' course (without material addition to the studies) should be spread over six years, with longer periods allotted to practice cruises, and more x)rofessional instruction. (5) *The third and fifth classes should have practical work at the Academy from Mrry 22 to July 15; they should then have leave until -Itli of October, two months and twenty days, and no leaves should be granted to other classes. (G)* Four classes, first, second, fourth, aiid sixth, should make a four and a half months' practice. cruise (June, July, August, and Sex)- tember, and eight days each in May and -October). (7) *The practice ships should have a commanding officer, an exec- utive, and two instructors, and the ships should be otherwise ollicered by cadets of the first and second classes, who will perform the duties of navigator (under the supervision of an instructor) and the duties of watcli and division officers. (See note.) Tlie ntain reason for the reduction of the standard of admission as recommended in paragraph 1, as above, is, that this change will guar- antee strict justice to candidates who have, not had fair facilities for preparation, and will give to representatives of all sections of the country equal chances for admission. It will break up the pernicious system of "cramming" for ii special examination, by means of which ]iiany indifferent applicants, with but a superficial knowledge of the several branches, gain admission into the Academy; and for lack of whi(;h many naturally intelligent youths, whose opi)ortunities have been limited, are now rejected. The subjects or parts of subjects omitted from the examination for admission as now prescribed will be taught during the first year, so that proficiency in them will be assured, and will be determined by the student's progress under the system of instruction pursued at the Acad- emy. The deficient cadets will then be dropped and the efficient re- tained, after an intelligent weighing of their capabilities, not after an examination, tiie rcsnit of which depends largely upon chance, and which does not show the real proficiency of the candidates. * The nnmbcrs of tlie curieut year are used iu desisjuatius classes. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE IsAYY. 459 II. The Board respectfully invite tbe attention of tbe Secretary of the Navy to the advantage of the appointment of a commission of experts, to be composed of United States naval officers and other eminent teach- ers or instructors, to obtain an exhaustive report upon possible and practicable reforms and improvements in matters of detail in the cur- riculum and the academic course of the Naval xVcadeni}-. Geo. Gray, President. Alexander Porter Morse, Chairman of Committee on Final Report. BEPOET OF THE CHIEF OF THE BUEEAn OF YAEDS AND DOCKS. Bureau of Yards and Docks, NAVY" DEPART3IENT, Washington, D. C, Scj>tember 30, 1803. Sir: I have the honor to submit the follo^viug report of the Bureau of Yards and Docks for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893. The estimates for the Bureau for this i^eriod were — Repairs and ])rcsci'vatiou $500, 000. 00 Gcueral niaiuteuaiice 500, 000. GO Civil establislimeut '. 70, C58. 14 Improvements 1, 187, 270. 00 Total 2, 257, 928. 14 Congress only appropriated the following: Repairs and preservation $275, 000. 00 General maintenance 230, 000. 00 Civil establishment 61.494.54 Imx)rovemcuts 470, 244. 00 Total 1, 036, 738. 54 With this reduced sum it has been my constant endeavor to keep the various navy-yards aud stations in a state of efficiency. The sums appropriated are insufficient to avert entirely the decay and deteriora- tion, 'and unless larger amounts are given in the future the Govern- ment will suffer great loss by reason of some of its buildings and works being beyond repair. In my lirst annual report I said, aud which I repeat — It mustbebome in mind that though many ofthenaA-y-yardsare closed, and thereby the expenses of the Xavy in general much reduced, the Bureau of Yards aud Docks is still charged with keeping them in repair. The deterioration upon an unoccupied building or dock is as great, or greater, than "when occupied. If these j'ards and stations are never to bo used for naval purposes true economy would be to sell them. If, however, tlie Government is to hold on to them for an emergency^, sound policy requires they sbould be kept in repair. There are now 13 navy-yards and stations, exclusive of the naval home, containing 445 buildings, storehouses, and workshops; 10 dry- docks, 19 railways and launching ways, 35 derricks, cranes and sheers, 4 electric plants, many mile.s of railroads, of wharves, of gas and water pipes. 460 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE As long as tlie Govermneiit Iceeps tliesc tbis Bureiui is at tlic same expense to maintain tliem, wlietlier tbere is any work going on intliem or not. The new dry docks at Port Royal and Puget Sonnd are progressing favor;il)ly. It lias been deemed advisable to make certain changes advantageous to the Government in that at Port lioyal. This, together with the destruction by the recent hurricane, will dehiy its comxiletiou about a year. The unusually severe winter delayed the commence- ment of the work on the dock at New York, as well as the refusal, for a time, of the contractor to sign an agreement for its enlargement. Now, however, there is reason to believe that all will progress satis- factorily and the work completed without further delay. Immense traveling cranes have been installed at the New York and Norfolk navy-yards. A contract has been awarded for one for the Mare Island yard. Another will be asked for for the League Island navy- yard. These cranes are necessary to handle armor and other heavy weights for the new ships. There is a great necessity for increased coaling facilities at the navy- yards. It is recommended that a coaling pier be built at the New York navy-yard, the cost of which to be defrayed from money received from the sale of land to the city of Brooklyn. At Key West it is very important that a coaling pier be constructed. I renew my former recommendations for the reorganization of the corps of civil engineers, having for its object the increase of its numbers sufliciently to place the construction and maintenance of all the public works pertaining to this Bureau under officers skilled in them, and the selection of its members from graduates of. the Naval Academy who have completed a course in civil engineering. UNITED STATES NAVAL HOME. The history of the Home during the year has been without marked change. On July 1, 1893, the names of 205 beneficiaries were borne on the rolls, 12 had died during the past twelve months, and 14 had been dropped or dismissed from the institution. Under the able management of Commodore Oscar F. Stanton, U. S. Navy, the high character of the Home for contentment and happiness has been maintained and the discipline has been eminently satisfactory*. The requirements of the naval service necessitated a change in the governors at the end of the fiscal year, but the new governor, Commo- dore E.E. Potter, U. S. Navy, starts his term with the experience gained by a ])revious detail at the Home, and the interests of the inmates will be well cared for. The small tract of land, about 4 acres, cut off from the Naval Home reservation by the Schuylkill Biver East Side Railroad Company, has not yet been sold, although repeatedly recommended. The effect of the act of Congress of 1885, giving the aforesaid railroad the right of way through the reservation, separated this piece of land from the main grounds, and since then it has been of little benefit to the inmates of the Home. I would earnestly recommend that this land be sold and the proceeds be used in erecting suitable buildings to add to the comfort and amuse- ment of the beneficiaries. A recreation hall is suggested by the Bureau as being the most suit- able disposition of the funds, and by its erection the greatest enjoyment would be obtained by the inmates of the Home. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 461 Tlie statement sliowiiig the amount expended under eacli specific head of appropriati( n during tlie fiscal year ending June 30,- 1893, and the balance remaining unexpended June 30, as required by section 429, Kevised Statutes, is appended. Accompanying this report is an abstract of offers for special objects of improvement and supplies coming under the cognizance of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, made in conformity to act of Congress approved March 3, 1843. Also a report showing the amount expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, from appropriations pertaining to this Bureau for civilians employed on clerical duty or in any other capacity than as ordinary mechanics and workingraen at the several navy-yards, with estimates for the same, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, in com- pliance with the third section of naval appropriation act approved January 30, 1885, Vol. 23, U. S. Statutes at Large, page 295. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, N. H. Farquhar, Chief of Bureau. The Secretary of the Kavy. ******* REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF EQUIPMENT. Navy Department, Bureau of Equipment, Washington, October 2, 1803. Sir: I have the honor to submit the report of this Bureau for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, and the estimates for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895. The report includes the business operations of the Bureau and appended are the reports of the Superintendent of the Naval Observatory, of the Superintendent of the Nautical Alma- nac, of the Inspector of Electiic Lighting, and of the Superintendent of Compasses. The report of the officer in charge of the observatory at the Mare Island navy-yard is also forwarded as a matter of general interest. The following were the appropriations for the Bureau and its branches: Eqni]iment of vessels $925, 000 Coiitiugeut 12, 000 Civil establishment 19, 025 Increase of tlio Navy 400, 000 Naval Observatory 32, 200 Nautical Almanac 10, 200 By strict economy in expenditures the above amounts have been suf- ficient for rerpiirements and no deficiency will appear. At the Boston navy-yard, at which are the chief manufacturing estab- lishments of the Bureau, the following was made at a cost of material of $33,743.02 and of labor .$45,707.85 : III. the ropewalk : Hemp rope pounds. 270, 810 Wire rope do . . . 52, 813 Bolt rope do . . . 14, 632 Marline, codline, bambroline, houseline, etc do. .. 34, 973 Total do . . . 373, 258 462 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE In the forge, anclior ami chain shop, and rolling mill : Chain cables of various sizes pounds. . 271, 425 Six anchors, total Avei<;ht do... 31,841 Fifty-one anchor lashings, 21 shank painters, 21 ring stoppers, 40 mar- line spikes, 1 mooring swivel, 1 spare-anchor shackle, 14 balancing shackles and clamps, aggregating pounds.. 6,545 Total do . . . 309, 811 111 addition to the above eii^lit anchors were altered to the standard pattern. There were rolled 313,855 pounds of iron of excellent quality. If scrap of proper chemical characteristics were obtainable these rolling- mills could supi)ly all the iron needed for the Bureau's purposes. In the machine shop and foundry 23,540 pounds of chain studs and galley parts and linings were manufactured. It is regarded as of the first necessity that all articles of the above classes should be of the highest quality, and in this respect the work done here is a standard. There was expended al>r()ad: Equipment, $358,592.28. Of this, $301,0G().23 was expended for 33,797 tons of coal, making an average cost per ton of $8.85. There were also x>un;hased at home 33,257.,\\^y tons of coal, costing $147,909.04, at an average price of $4.48 per ton. The sum of $449,502.72 was expended for material and labor during the fiscal year iu equipping shij)s at the several navy-yards. Hemp for the manufjicture of cables, towlines, and rope, to the amount of IGo^-.f-^j tons, was purchased, at an expenditure of $28,700.48. There was expended in the sail lofts of the various yards the sum of $00,245.45 for labor and $40,558.73 for material, and in the rigging lofts $20,097.48 for labor and $28,757.04 for material, making a total expendi- ture in these lofts of $150,259.30. Of the total of 00,590 tons of coal used during the year, 47,045 tons, or 71 per cent, were used for steaming and 18,945 tons, or 29 jier cent, for auxiliary jmrposes, under which latt€r head are included electric lighting, distilling, heating, flushing water-closets, cooking, ventila- tion, and steam cutter service. Tiie percentage of consumption lor these purposes, so" far as relates to the new ships, is shown herewith. Ship. Atlanta nU'iiiiington .. JJostDii ]5alt,iitioio .... Bancroft Cliicaso Concord...... Cliarkston . . . Cushiug Doliiliin ]Sriajitonomoh ]\roiitt'rey Kcwark riiiladelphia . Petrel San Francisco Torktown Auxil- iary. Percent. 2 1 71 3i 67 53 47 28 39 3 2 67 2 62 50 31 10 There has been a steady advance in the extent and character of the electrical work on board shij). It is safe to say that the electrical REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 463 eqiiipmeut of tlie sliips of tlie Xavy afibrds a standard for marine work. It may bere be noted that in the short period whicli has elapsed since vessels of the Concord class were fitted, dynamos of like power with those furnished these ships are now being supplied, having only three- fourths the weight and occupying not more than one-half the floor space. The Bureau feels that the service is to be congratulated upon the work done by the officers employed in this specialty. Very respectfully, F. E. Chadwiok, Chief of Bureau of EcpApmcnt. The Secretary of the IS'ayy. report of the super intetsfdent naval observatory. United States Naval Observatory, Georgetown Heights, }Vas]iin(jton, Septcmher 28, 1893. Sir : In eompliance with the Bureau's No. 2198, dated June 17, 1893, I have the honor to submit the annual report of the United States Naval Observatory for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, accompanied by a duplicate set of annual estimates. (Aiipendix A.) The naval officers on duty at the Observatory at the beginning of the fiscal ye-ar, July 1, 1893, were: Capt. F. V. McNair, superintendent; Commander Josliua Bishop; Lieut. Commander Walton Goodwin; Profs. William Uarkness, J. E. Eastnmn, Edgar Erisby, S. J. Brown, and Passed Assistant Engineer A. V. Zane. Changes — reported for duty: 1892, Lieut. William^H. Beehler on July 28; Lieut. L. C. Ileilner on August 20; 1893, Lieut. A. G, Winterhalter (temporarily) on Janu- arj' l{i; Lieut. C. C. Marsh April 8; Ensign A. N. Mayer March 1. Detached: 1892, Lieut. Commander YValton Goodwin on August 5; Lieut. William H. Beeiiler, December 14. Lieut. A. G. Winterhalter, on March 27, 1893, was assigned to special duty in charge of Naval Observ- atory exhibit at the World's Fair, Chicago, 111. On May 15, 1893, the old Naval Observatory, Twenty-third and E streets, Washington, D. C, was forjnally abandoned as an observatory and the new site on Georgetown Heights, Washington, D. C, official^ occnpied. ******* Few observations of the heavenly bodies have been made since my last annual report, as all the principal instruments were undergoing repairs. The naval officers, assistant astronomers, and computers have been engaged in supervising and inspecting instruments and their accessories while being dismounted, repaired, transferred, remounted, and adjusted; in establishing the position of the new Naval Observatory (latitude 38° .55' 14.68" north, longitude S^^ 08'" 15.71« west of Green- wich), and in the reduction and preparation of the observations on hand. Chronometers have been carefully tested for changes of temperature and rated, and together with sextants, octants, glasses, clocks, and other naiftical instruments have been sux^plied to vessels of the Navy, as directed. The time of noon, seventy-fifth meridian west of Greenwich, has been sent over the telegraph wires daily, without the omission of a single day, Sundays excepted, and facilities have been extended for determining the 464 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE longitudes of localities througlioiit the United States, wlien requested. Inquiries having- been frequently made relative to obtaining standard time from this Government Observatory, I quote the following from a memorandum to the Bureau of Equipment, dated March 12, 1892: (1) As a Government institution the observatory diffuses tlie results of its obser- vations, either directly or iudirectly, as widely as jDracticahle, among the taxpayers who support it, and therefore have the right to particiiiate in the benefits arising from its work. (2) The results of observations for clock corrections have been regularly given by means of telegraphic time-signals for more than a quarter of a centurj', without dis- tinction or cost, to all individuals or corporations Avho may apply and provide the necessary apparatus for putting the signals upon their own lines. (3) When the signals are once upon the wires it is manifestly impossible for the observatory to control either the range of their distribution or the accuracy Avith which they are transmitted from one circuit to another. For that reason the observa- tory limits its responsibility to the furnishing of an accurate daily signal at noon of the seventy-fifth meridian time. It has nothing whatever to do Avith the distribu- tion of these signals and is alike iudifterent to the extension or contraction of the time service. It is for the public to decide whose time-signals they prefer and how they will obtain them. (4) The Naval Observatory has special directions concerning the Government offices in the District of Columbia. Prof. "William Ilarkness, U. S. ^STavy, chief astronomical assistant to the superintendent, has been emi)loyed in various ways, as signified by his title, and esi^eciallj" engaged a« inspector of the repairing and remounting of the 2C-inch equatorial, the 9,G-inch equatorial, and the prime vertical transit instrument. His report is appended, marked B. Prof. J. E. Eastman, U. S. Navy, Avas chief of the department of dif- ferential observations until May 10, 1S93, on which date he was assigned as chief of department of fundumental observations. He was inspector of the repairs of both the transit circle and the 5,3-inch transit instru- ment, and was engaged during the severe winter of 1892-'93 in deter- mining the longitude and latitude of the new Naval Observatory, and in reducing observations for publication. His report is appended, marked C. Prof. Edgar Frisby, U. S. Navy, chief of departments of prime verti- cal observations and miscellaneous extra-meridian observations, in addition to his work in these departments, was engaged, with the assist- ance of Prof. Brown, in completing and preparing for publication the catalogue of stars observed by the late Capt. Gilliss, U. S. Navy. His rei)ort is appended, marked I). Prof. S. J. Brown, U. S. Navy, has been chief of the department of differential observations since May 10, 1893, prior to which date he was given charge of other departments, owing to the lack of officers. He has been principally and diligently engaged in assisting Prof. Frisby in reducing and preparing for publication the Gilliss zone observations, made at Santiago de Chile in the years 1850, 1851, and 1852. Prof. Brown's rex)ort is appended, marked E. Commander Joshua Bishop, U. S. Navy, chief nautical assistant to the superintendent, has, in addition to the general supervision and dis- tribution of nautical instruments, performed the duties of general storekeeper, civil engineer, pay officer, and " captain of the yard." Commander Bishop's report is api)ended, marked F. Lieut. L. C. Heilner, U. S. Navy, chief of departments of chronome- ters and time observations, in addition to his routine work, has been engaged in perfecting the testing room for chronometers. He was assisted in his work by Ensign A. N. Mayer, U. S. Navy, and Computer Frank E. Dennett. Lieut. Ileilncr's report is appended, marked C Lieut. C. C. Marshj U. S. Navy, is chief of department of magnetism REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 405 and meteorology. The magnetic buildings were taken apart at tlie old observatory and reerected at the new site. The removal of these build- ings, instrumeuts, and piers, together with their remounting and ad- justment, occupied the greater part of the fiscal year. Lieut. Marsh's report is apiiended, marked H. The library is under the supervision of a committee comi:>osed of Profs. William Harkness, J. E. Eastman, and Assistant Librarian Mr. William D. Horigan. Assistant Astronomer H. M. Paul performed the duties of librarian until October 15, 1892, when he was succeeded by Mr. Horigan, who has since filled the position. Diuing the fiscal year 1892-'93 the accessions were 742, viz : 599 volumes and 113 pam- phlets. Of these, 311 were received as exchanges and 431 were pur- chased. Upon the basis of last year's report these figures indicate that the total number of volumes in the library is now about 15,000. The following publications were distributed to the regular exchange lists: The Wasliiiigton Observations for the year 1888. 1888 : Appeudix 1— Hall (Asaph) Observations of Double Stars, 1890-'91. 1888 : Appendix 2 — Hoogewerft' (J. A.) Magnetic Observations, 1891. 1888 : pp. D. 1-60— Meteorological Observations, 1888. Report of the Superintendent for 1892. The binding for the library has been falling behind for some years, and at present there are upwards of 1,500 volumes awaiting that proc- ess. During the last year we were able to bind only 79 volumes, while the unbound volumes added to the library numbered nearly 500. In September, 1892, the library was removed to the new site. Since then the books have been reclassified and arranged in their permanent places on the shelves. The index numbers in the books and on the shelves are now being changed, and the work of recataloguing has begun. A description in detail of the buildings, instruments, and grounds of the new observatory, accompanied by plates, is being prepared, and will shortly be published asan appendix to an annual volumeof observations. Verv respectfully, F. V. McNair, Cajatain, U. S. -A"«ry, Superintenclent Naval Observatory. The Chief of the Bureau of EQuip:vrENT, Navy Department. ******* REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE NAUTICAL ALMANAC. Nautical Almanac Office, Bureau of Equipment, Navy Departiment, Washington, I). C, September 29, 1893. Sir : In compliance with the order of the Bureau, dated June 17, 1893, I have the honor to submit the following report of the work of this office during the past year: PRINTING. The American Nautical Almanac for 1896 was issued in October, 1892. The American Ephemeris for 1896 was issued in June, 1893. The American Nautical Almanac for 1897, and the Pacific Coaster's Almanac for 1894 are now in press. Of the Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac for 1897, 323 pages are now in type. Ab. 93 30 466 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE DISTRIBITTION. During tlie fiscal year ending June 30. 1893, the sale and. distribution of publications lias beeu as follows: Publications. American Eplienicris American Nautical Almanac Pacific Coaster's Almanac . . Astronomical Papers Sold. Distrib- uted. 638 2,087 1,335 709 251 Issued to public service. 507 241 66 27 Total issued. 1,851 2, 328 1,401 300 The proceeds of sales, amounting to $1,349.28, have, in com]>liance with law, been deposited in the Treasury, to the account of the appro- priation for i:)ul)lic printing and binding. NEW TABLES OF THE PLANETS. During the past fiscal year the work of comparing the best existing tables of the sun and inner planets with all available meridian observa- tions of value, and forming the re.sulting ecpiations of condition for cor- recting the elements, was substantially completed. Afterward, however, the data necessary to make the series complete uj) to the end of 1892 was received fi-om the observtitories of Greenwich and Strassburg, and the working ui) of these observations is now nearly complete. The formation of the normal equations for the solution by the method of least squares is rapidly advancing. This work would be very long and tedious in the case of equations containing about twenty unknown quantities, but special devices have been employed to shorten it. The especial thanks of the office are due to the Astronomer Eoyal of England, and to Prof Becker, director of the University Observatory at Strassburg, for the communication of the observations made at their respective institutions. Progress has also been made in a number of investigations necessary to the construction of the new tables, some of which were mentioned in my report of last year. (1) The reduction of meridian observations of the moon, made at Greenwich and Washington since 1862, in order to determine the solar parallax from the observed value of the moon's i^arallactic inequality, has been completed. The definite result is not completely worked out, but will not difier much from 8".82. (2) The discussion of all the observations made on the small planet Polyhymnia from its discovery in 1854 until 1888, was delayed several years, owing to the inability of the office to find a computer j)ossessing both the skill necessary to complete the work and theAvillinguess todo it for the small paj^ which the office could oiler. Such a computer was, however, found during the past summer, and the most difficult part of the computations has been completed^ but I have not yet been able to give the work the careful and definitive examination necessary to insure its freedom from every source of error. (3) In order to comjilete the discussion of all the contact observa- tions made at the transits of Venus in 1874 and 1882, I have felt con- strained to reexamine all the observations myself, a work which is now in progress. This work is therefore^ still incomiilete. (4) A development of the perturbative function of planetary motion, which was nearly completed ten years ago, has been prepared for the REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 467 press, and is now being printed. This development forms the basis of all the theories of the planetary motions. (5) The computation of the secular variations of the planetary orbits from the development just mentioned is a necessary part of the work. It has suffered some delay from the difficulty which I have exi^erienced in working out the best methods of executing it. This difficulty has, however, been overcome, and the work is now making rapid progress. (6) In the same connection, a computation of certain inequalities of very long period in the four inner planets, made two years ago, has been put into final shape and sent to the printer. (7) The solar parallax being a fundamental element in all astronom- ical tables, its determination by all the best methods available has necessarily formed an important i:)art of the work. In this connection I have to report that the cooperation of Dr. David Gill, Her Majesty's astronomer at the Cape of Good Hope, has been of the greatest value. Several years ago Dr. Gill devised a method of determining the parallax by heliometer observations on such small planets as chance to api)roach near to the earth. Astronomical observers in both hemi- spheres were induced to cooperate in this work by observing Iris, Sap- pho, and Victoria. The reduction of the entire work in the case of these planets has been pushed to completion under the direction of its originator and the several results communicated to this office. Among Dr. Gill's coadjutors have been the E^^yal Observatory of Berlin, with its associated office of the Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbnch, and the Yale Observatory at S'ew Haven. This method, and that from the constant of aberration combined with the velocity of light, may fairlj' rank as the most accurate ones for the determination of the solar ])arailax. The results are, however, discordant to a greater extent than would have been expected, the re- sults from the small i^lanets being 8".810 and that from the velocity of light, so far as the data have been worked out, about S".791. The photographic and heliometer observations made by Americans and Germans during the recent transits of Yenus give much larger results than either. Under these circumstances it may be impossible at pres- ent to decide upon a value which all astronomers will agree to be the most probable one, and therefore best to adopt a provisional one, subr iect to future correction. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, S, Newcomb, Buperintendent Nautical Almanac. The Chief of the Bureau of Equipment, Kavy Departinent. ******* EEPOET OF THE CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF KAYIGATIOK. Bureau of ISTavigation, Kavy Department, Wasliington.D. C, October 13, 1893. Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith a report (marked A) of the movements and duties of the ships of the JSTavy during the past year, a copy (marked B) of the report of the superintendent of the ISTaval Academy, a copy (marked C) of the report of the commandant of the Training Station, and a copy (marked D) of the report of the hy- drographer to the Bureau of i^avigation. 468 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Estimates for tlie sujij^ort of tlic Bureau, the Xaval Academj-, the Traiiiinj? Station, tlie jS'aval War College and Torpedo School, and the Ilydrographic Office are also submitted (marked E). During the year the IS^eic Yoi'k, Monterey, Detroit, Machlas, and Ban- croft have l^ceu commissioned for service. The Atlanta, Constellation, Ussex, and Alert have been put out of commission. In accordance with the provisions of the postal subsidy act, approved March 3, 1891, and at the request of the Postmaster-General, eight -American steamships have been inspected, tested for speed, and class- ified since October 25, 1892. Daring the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, 4,350 me?! and 646 ax)prentices were enlisted or reeiilisted in the Navy — 1,067 men on board of cruising ships, 3,012 men and 646 apprentices on board of receiving ships and at ports where there are naval stations, 144 men for the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and 127 men for the vessels of the Fish Commission; 1,777 men and 1,004 boys, candidates for enlistment on board of the receiving ships, were rejected for physical disqualifica- tions, and 4,192 men and 173 boys were rejected for other causes; 3,202 men and 422 a|)prentices were discharged — 2,156 by reason of expira- tion of enlistment, 140 for disability, 174 by reason of services being no longer required, 756 at their own request, 129 men by request of their commanding officers, 107 for bad conduct, 53 on account of illegal enlistment, and 109 for inaptitude; 939 men and 320 apprentices de- serted during the year. Of this number 776 men and 303 apprentices deserted in home ports. Forty-two men and boys died. The number of enlisted men serving under continuous-service certifl- - cates June 30, 1893, was 1,640. Four thousand three hundred and eighteen dollars and fifty cents have been paid to enlisted men in prizes for target practice with great ^ guns, machine guns, and small arms during the fiscal year ending June 30.1893. Under sections 4756 and 4757 of the Revised Statutes, 26 iiensions have been allowed and 15 disallowed. The constant demand for vessels to protect American interests makes it necessary that our squadrons m foreign waters shall be increased as rapidly as the vessels now under construction become available. Twelve of these vessels will be completed by the end of the present fiscal year, but it will be impossible to commission them for service unless the enlisted force of the ISTavy is increased. Your attention is invited to the necessity of a law which will enable enlisted men of the Navy to become citizens of the United States without forfeiting their continuous service in the Navy. Under section 1573 of the Eevised Statutes and the Eegulations of the Navy, men must reenlist within three months after each discharge in order lo obtain the benefits of honorable discharge and of continu- ous service. It is most desirable that all enlisted men of the Navy- shall be continuous-service men, and it seems but just that the privi- leges granted to enlisted men of the Army by section 2166 of the Re- vised Statutes shall also be granted to the enlisted men of the Navy. In 1890 a seaman giumer, educated by the Government, after seven years continuous service, was refused citizenshij) in New York. In the same year a man Avho had served more than twenty-one years in the Marine Corps was refused citizenship in the District of Columbia. The Commissioner of Pensions has, under the act of March 1, 1893, suspended the payment of a jiension awarded under section 4756 of the Revised Statutes to a njan who has served in the Navy more than twenty one years. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 469 It is found from the records of the Kaval Academy that the law passed March 2, 1889, increasing* the age limit of candidates for ad- mission to that institution, has not been beneficial. The average age at admission of the cadets who have completed the six years' course during the past five years was 16 years and 8 months. The average age of candidates for admission who were rejected mentally, during the same years, was 17 years and 7 months. The average age of the twenty- six candidates who were rejected mentally in the recent exam- ination for admission, September 2, was 17 years and 11 months. The efficiency of the service requires some legislative action in re- gard to its personnel. It is most important that officers shall reach command rank while in the prime of life. The necej^sity which now exists of regularly ordering officers to perform the sea duties of a higher grade than the rank they hold, thereby increasing their actual ex- penses without giving them the increased rank and compensation of the position in which they are serving, has an injurious effect upon the Navy. Very respectfully, F. M. Ramsay, Chief of Bureau. The Secretary of the Navy. # ******* REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE NAVAL ACADEMY. U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., October 2, 1893. Sir: (1) I have the honor to submit a report of the operations of the IT. S. Naval Academy during the past academic year. (2) At the annual examination in June, 1893, 38 naval cadets of the line division and G of the engineer division completed the four years' course at the Academy and received certificates of i^roficiency. Of the 38 cadets of the line division who completed the four years' course as above, 3 were honorably discharged, — 2 at their own request and 1 on account of i)hysical disqualification for the naval service. (3) At the same examination 32 naval cadets of the line division and 7 of the engineer division, having comj)leted their six years' service as naval cadets, were examined for final graduation. Thirty eight of the above passed the professional examination and received certificates of graduation, 3 were found i)hysically disqualified for the naval serv- ice, and were honorably discharged; 1 was found deficient and dropped. (4) The assignments of this class to the several corps of the Navy were as follows : To the line of the Navy 22 TotheEiigineer Corps 7 To the Marine Corps 6 (5) At the commencement of the present academic j^ear, October 1, 1893, the numbers in the several classes were : First class, line division 34 First class, engineer division 13 Second class ■49 Third class 54 Fourth class • - - 93 Total ^. 243 470 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE (6) The U. S. S. Bancroft, assigned by the Department as a naval cadet training and practice vessel, arrived at Annapolis July 21, 1893, and was turned over to the Academy July 28. By direction of the Department slie is kept in readiness for sea service, except that perish- able stores have been transferred to the navy-yard at Norfolk, \a. (7) The Constellation sailed from the Academy September 25 for Nor- folk, Va., where slie is now undergoing repairs. (8) The ])rescribed course of studies has been followed, but the pro- gram of drills and exercises was necessarily modified to meet the unexpected contingency of being, for a time, without a vessel suitable for seamanship drills. (9) For the want of funds little progress has been made in the improvement of the new grounds. (10) The new boiler house, for the building and fitting of which Con- gress at its last session appropriated $26,000, is in course of construc- tion, and it is believed that it will be ready for use about January 1, 1894. (11) No satisfactory bids having been received for the erection of two double houses for officers' quarters, it is not expected that they will be ready for occupancj^ before the beginning of the next academic year. (12) The rebiiilding of the gymnasiumhasbeen completed with satis- factory results. Tliere is now ample space on the main floor, and it is fitted with modern appliances of the most api^roved pattern. In the basement there are three spacious dressing roonis, a large ijlunge bath, three ordinary bathrooms, a shower and a needle bath, and other con- veniences. (13) In my last annual report it is stated: It is urgently recommended, that xiowerbe given by statute to tlie Superintendent of the Naval Academy to order courts of inquiry for the investigation of serious offenses committed by navel cadets. It has been found difScult to establish the guilt of those who commit the two gravest oil'euses — hazing and gouging — and failui'e to detect and bring to punishment offenders of this class has an injurious effect upon the discipline of the Academy. It is believed that the cadets who commit these acts are encouraged to do so by the difficulties in the way of detection, Avliich difficulties would be removed if formal sworn testimony could be taken. The enactment of such a statute would in itself so greatly tend to breaking up these practices that the necessity for the exercise by the Superinteudent of the power conferred upon him would not be of frequent occurrence. This recommendation is respectfully renewed. (14) Appended hereto are a statement of the appropriation for the support of the Naval Academy for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, the report of the commanding officer of the practice ship Constellation, and a synopsis of the journal of that vessel during the last cruise. [Not published.] Very respectfull}^, your obedient servant, R. L. Phythian, Captain, JJ. S. Nai^y, Superintendent. The Chief of the Bureau of Navigation, Xavy Department, Washington, D. C. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 471 REPORT OF THE COMMANDANT OF THE NAVAL TRAINING STATION. COINIIVIAND ant's OFFICE, TJ. S. Naval Training Station, Newport, E. I., July 18, 1893. Sir: During the year ending June 30, 1893, tliere have been under training at this station 879 apprentices. Of these there were — At station June 30, 1892 = 247 Received to July 1, 1893 632 Transferred '*4o Discharged - H^ Deserted • = - - ^ At station Juno 30, 1893 309 Of those received there were — Enlisted at station, J?ic7imo«(Z 21 Enlisted at New York, Minnesota 396 Enlisted at Philadelphia, St. Lonis 70 Enlisted at Vrashiugton, Dale 81 Enlisted at Erie, Michigan 33 Enlisted at Boston, Wabash 25 Received from desertion - 1 Received by transfer 5 There were transferred from the station to ships — Jamestown 18 Portsmouth 236 Wahash (hospital) 2 Mononfjahela 182 Minnesota 6 Philadelphia 1 There have been discharged from the service for — Inaptitude 78 Physical disability 12 Request of parents or guardians 5 Illegal enlistment 18 Bureau's order 1 There have been — Desertions 11 Largest number at station on October 15, 1892 394 Smallest number at station on De.cember 24, 1892 147 Average number (daily) 272 The divisional system of training, as described in my report of last year, has been continued; the detail of the work has been thoroughly systematized and its " Eoutine and Eegulations " printed and forwarded to the Bureau. Persistent effort has been made to improve in the manner and matter of instruction, in discipline, and in the general care of the apprentices. * ■ * ■ * * * * # The general health of the station has been good. There have been no deaths. I append the report of the surgeon, who has continued his quarterly measurements of apprentices, and finds the results of regu- lar hours of work and ])lay, good diet, and the " development drill" to be the same as reported last year. From tabulated statement, it will be noticed that desertion has fallen from the 30 of last year to 11 this. The requirements in conduct, in orderly habits of dress, and in personal cleanliness, have been gTeater than those of last year. The petty officers have been better up to 472 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE tlieir work from further experience iu its perfoniiaiice, yet tbe percent- age of apprentices requiring a more severe punishment than demerits has been raised but 2 per centum from 25 per centum of last year. ******* I suggest that this station be made the headquarters of all apj^ren- tices, and that a vessel of sufficient capacity, as Lancaster, be moored here as their receiving ship; that to her all apprentices be transferred on the completion of their training or cruises in general service and be kept under drill and instruction, those awaiting discharge on ma- jority or who have been three years in the general service receiving a special course. The ship should be particularly fitted for instruction in ordnance, now very imperfectly picked up about the shops at the Washington yard. At the torpedo station, which should be a depart- ment of the training station, the apprentices to be given such instruc- tion as is there now given to candidates for the rating of seamen gun- ner. From this ship all leaves to be granted, all drafts to general service taken, and on attaining majority all discharges made. Apprentices reenlisting would be better men for the general service, and those not rei^nlisting Avould return to their homes better fitted for service to the country in case of war, or for usefulness as citizens in time of iieace, than if discharged after a period of idleness from the Minnesota or the receiving ships at the navy -yards. In conclusion, I have to urge the necessity of action. The training system should either be put on a footing its importance to the service and country merits or be abandoned. Last winter for moiiths 300 to 400 boys lived, drilled, slept, and received instruction in one building of two stories, 150 feet by 50 feet. Order, discipline, and cleanliness were maintained. There was no sickness and there was a good deal ol recreation. ******* ' Very respectfully, r. M. Ettnce, Captain, TJ. S. Navy, Command fiM. The Chief Bureau of Navigation, Navy Department. report of the hydrographer to bureau of navigation Hy^drogeaphic Office, Bureau of Navigation, Navy Department, Washington, October 1, 1893. Sir: I have the honor to submit the folloAving report of the work o' this office for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893. The office was in charge of Lieut. Commander Richardson Clover, U. S. Navy, Hydrographer, until May 31, on which day he was relieved by Commander Charles 1). Sigsbee, U. S. Navy, who then became Hydrog- rapher. CHART CONSTRUCTION. With the completion of the Hawaiian cable survey, authorized under the act of INIarch 2, 1891, the results of which were transmitted by the President to Congress in July, 1892, and published by Joint resolution of the Houses of Congress as (Senate Ex. Doc. No. 153, Fifty-second Congress, first session, and the survey of the Chicago lake front, the results of which were received from the commanding officer of the U. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 473 S. S. MicliUjan iu October, 1892, and were published in April, 1893, as Hydrographic OfiQce Engraved Chart No. 13G5, the recent surveying operations were brought to a close, with the exception of the survey of the west coast of Lower California which, during the winter of 1892 and 1893, was extended by the completion of the main triangulation between Abreojos Point and Pequena Bay and by the development of a ijortion of the hydrography within those limits. Prex)arations have been made under the direction of the commanding officer of theU. S. S. Thetis to complete the hydrographic work between Abreojos Point and Pequeiia Bay during the next surveying season, and to extend the survey to the southward of Pequena Bay. During the year 58 charts Avere completed and published, 54 of which are engraved on copper and the remainder lithographed or transferred in part from the previously published engraved charts. The general localities covered by these new charts are Canada, Brazil, and China, and the East. There are now 727 engraved plates available for the printing of nau- tical charts for the use of the Navy and the mercantile marine. Exclu- sive of the issue of the Pilot Chart of the North Atlantic Ocean, which has been satisfactorily published by the Division of Chart Construction since September last at the rate of 3,700 copies per month, there have been produced for the use of mariners 41,513 copies of nautical charts, in which the latest available information has been incorporated. The series of general coast charts of the Western Hemisphere, from Labrador on the east coast and California on the west, to the Strait of Magellan, has been completed with the exception of the chart of the coast of Yeneziiela, which remains unsurveyed with sufficient accuracy and detail to admit of the construction of a reliable chart. The chart of the Strait of Magellan, from Sandy Point to Cape Pillar, which was withdrawn in 1885 on account of the extensive changes which were rendered necessary by the British, German, and Chilean surveys then and since in progress there, has been reconstructed and again issued. The recent publication of the charts of the coast of China, from Amoy to Shanghai, and of Japan from Yokohama to Hakodate, pro- vides a series of general coast charts, embracing the waters of China and the East from the Strait of Sunda and the southern passages to the China Sea, to the Island of Yeso or Hokushu at the northern extremity of the Empire of Japan, with the exception of that portion of the coast lying between the mouth of the Yangtze Kiaug and the Shantung Promontory, concerning which better data are needed than are at present available. To gain the fullest benefit in the future from the large outlay that has already been made for the construction and engraving of charts, preparations have been made to electrotype altos of all the important unelectrotyped original chart plates so that there will be the same means at hand for economically reproducing the printing plates after the original ones have been worn out. ******* The compilation of a Pilot Chart for the North Pacific Ocean has been commenced, with a view of presenting at convenient intervals, in graphic form, whatever of interest and value to the maritime commu- nity of the Pacific coast, is now available for publication, and also of having some means of rendering immediately available for the benefit of mariners such data for extending the knowledge of the physical and meteorological features of the Pacific as may from time to time be collected. 474 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE The Pilot Chart of the Xorth Atlantic Ocean has been redrawn and rearranged with the object of increasing its accuracy and efiectiveness. It will be published when still further improved. Notwithstanding the important progress that lias been made in cou- structing nautical charts, foreign charts are still of necessity largely sold in this country for the navigation of merchant vessels, and instances are numerous in whicli vessels leave our ports supplied with charts that have been condemned abroad. The chart dealer in this country can not well keei? a supply of the latest editions of charts made in Europe. He buys his sux^plj^ of foreign charts and keeps them on his shelves till they are sold, no matter how many new editions have been produced in the meantime by the issuing oifice. It frequently happens that a needed chart can not be purchased in this country and that the owners must send the vessel to sea without it or else wait till one can be brought from Europe. As a consequence, vessels go to sea con- stantly without a proper supply of charts. This defect can be partially remedied by making- the inspection of the chart outfit of merchant ves- sels a requirement before granting- policies of insurance, but the risk which is incurred through the nse of defective charts and of insufficient supplies can not be wholly overcome until the Department has ])ro- vided itself with a complete set of chart plates from which the maritime community can always be supplied with the most accurate charts at short notice. It is through the medium of cheap and accurate nautical charts that the Depa,rtmeut, while providing- for the safe navigation of the vessels of the Xavy, can most effectively confer a lasting benefit upon the maritime community. The funds at the disposal of this office do not permit of a sufficiently rapid advance to new g-round. Each year there is a larger number of original chart plates on hand, and a larger proportion of the force is engaged in keeijing them cor- rected for the issue of charts. SUPPLY AND ISSUE OF CIIAPvTS. The established methods of maintaining the supply of charts to ves- sels in commission, to branch offices, and to agents, are found to work smoothly. Errors are very rare and the few that occur are easily traced and quickly rectified. There are on issue in the Hj-drographic Office section, 909 Hydro- graphic Office charts, an increase of 24 during the yeav. Fifty-six new charts, of which 5 are index charts, have been received from the divi- sion of chart construction. Thirty-two charts have been canceled. Of these 5 are old engraved charts, two are heliogravures, and 25 are photolithographs. There are still on issue 170 photolithographs, 14 of which have been ■withdrawn from sale in order to maintain a sufficient supply for naval vessels. As a rule, the production of photolithographic charts, for purposes of navigation, should be avoided, except in cases where the whole edi- tion is to be at once disposed of. The sale of Hydrographic office charts during the past year exceeds in value that of any jnevious year and is 14 per cent in excess of last year's sales. This sale is, of course, much restricted by the fact that, with the exception of general ocean and sailing- charts and a few charts of the coasts and harbors of China and Ja^ian, the office publishes only charts of the coasts, harbors, etc., in the western hcmisx)hcre. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 475 Witliiii tlie past sixteen mouths new catalogues liave been prepared for all the stations. Those for the North Atlantic and Pacific stations have been in use for about a year. Those for the European and Asiatic stations, prepared by Lieut. Kimmel, in charge of the British Admiralty section of this division, have only recently been received from the Public Printer, but have been issued to, and used in making up the outfits of, all vessels fitting for those stations since the disbandiug of the naval review fleet. That for the South Atlantic station, prepared by Lieut. Ivobinsou, in charge of this division, is now in the hands of the Public Printer. RECOMMENDATIONS. Attention is asked to the neccessity, which has been frequently urged before, of providing a building suitable for carrying on the work of the Hydrographic Office. Means are sought for publishing a pilot chart of the Pacific Ocean. The proposal to publish this chart is regarded with satisfaction on the Pacific coast. The outlay would soon be warranted by the collection of information concerning the winds and currents, and the best routes to make the most economical passages. At the opening of navigation on the Great Lakes in 1894 the U. S. S. Michigan could be advantageously employed in surveyingthe approaches to the Detroit Eiver. A copy of the annual estimates is inclosed. Very respectfully, C. D. SiGSBEE, Commander, U. S. Navy, Hydrograxjiier, Chief of Bureau of Navigation, Itavy Department. EEPOET OF THE CHIEF OF THE BUEEA[J OF OEDNANCE. Bureau of Ordnance, Navy Department, Washington City, October 2, 1893. Sir : I have the honor to submit the annual report of this Bureau, and also to transmit estimates for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, The Bureau was under the direction of Commander William M. Folger, U. S. Navy, until January 1, 1893, at which time he resigned the po- sition of Chief of Bureau. ESTIMATES. (1) Fuel, tools, material and labor, expenses of target practice, mainte- nance of new provini^- ground ; modern battery for Hartford $350, 000. 00 (2) General repairs to Ordnance buildings, machinery, magazines, and appendages 47, 900. 00 (3) Freight and miscellaneous expenses 8, 000. 00 (4) Civil establishment at Navy-Yards 26,824.00 (5) Arming and equipping Naval Militia 25, 000. 00 (6) Machinery for Gun Plaut, Washington Navy-Yard 117, 000. 00 (7) General expenses of the Torpedo Station 71, 077. 00 (8) Toward the armanent of vessels authorized 6, 500, 000. 00 Total 7,145,801.00 476 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE BREECH-LOADING EIFLES. No chaiig:e has been made in the general system of constrnction. The following table shows the status of the guns required to arm new vessels thus far authorized : Caliber of gun. 4-incli 5-inch (i-inch 8 iiicli 10-iuch 12-iuch 13-inch Total Number of forgings. Number of guns Number of guns Number com- partly com- of guns afloat. Deliv- pleted to Ordered. ered. date. pleted. 107 77 55 20 34 86 56 37 19 26 141 141 135 6 96 68 52 33 19 20 26 25 25 10 13 8 8 2 12 9 5 3 453 368 298 67 188 Of the 453 guns of calibers from 4-inch to 13-inch ordered, 298 have been comx^leted and 188 are already afloat. ******* The hand working breech mechanism referred to in the last report, and which was devised by Lieut. F. F. Fletcher, U. S. Navy, has now been adopted for all guns of 8-inch caliber and above, and is very simple and efficient. POWDEE. The manufacture of brown x^owder for the Navy has been continued by Messrs. E. I. Du Pout & Co., of Wilmington, Del., and during the year a first lot of brown powder for the 6-inch gun has been success- fully manufactured by the California Powder Company of Santa Cruz, Cal. Continued difficulty is experienced in meeting the requirements of velocity and pressure in the larger calibers, and the progress made in their development is far from satisfactory. The experimental work with smokeless powder has been continued at the naval torpedo station at Newport, R. I., and also at the gun cotton works of Messrs. Du Pont & Co., but a i)oint has not yet been reached in its development which would justify the issue of this powder to the service. PROJECTILES. During the year further contracts for forged steel armor- piercing shell have been entered into by the Department with the Carpenti^r Steel Company, of Heading, Pa., and the Sterling Steel Company, of Demm- ler, Pa. ******* Experiments are also in progress in firing shell charged with gun cotton and fulminate primer from high-power guns. The manufacture of cast-iron projectiles at the Washington navy- yard has been entirely suspended, more efficient shell of wrought steel being sui)plied by private firms at about the same price. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. 477 ARMOR CONTRACTS. Since the date of the last report new contracts for armor have been made to include the armor recxuired for all the vessels now authorized by law. These new contracts include the turret armor for the Indiana, the Massachusetts, the Oregon, and the Olympia, the side armor of the Massachitsctts, and all tlie armor for the Iowa and Broollyn, amounting to 6,489 tons. The facilities for the manufacture and delivery of armor at the works of each of the contractors have been materially improved, and with further imi^rovements, already commenced and to be completed by the end of the year, the country will have two complete armor plants, each fitted better than any similar plants abroad; and there will here- after be no difficulty in sui^jilying the armor for vessels as rapidly as it can be needed in the shijiyards under any circumstances of building- vessels, however rapid. ARMOR DEVELOPMENT. The quality of the armor delivered during the last year has been excellent, all passing the tests satisfactorily; some of it has earned the lowest premium for increased ballistic properties and latterly all pre- sented has shown ballistic qualities considerably greater than that required by the stipulations of the contracts for acceptance. ARMAiVIENT OF NEW VESSELS. During the year the batteries of the Monterey, Wei.o YorJc, Detroit, Montgomery, Marhlehead, Machias, Bancroft, Castine and Terror have been installed. The Montereyh, ^ew Yor¥s, and Bancroft's batteries have been tested by firing trials and guns and mountings worked satisfactorily. NAVAL PROVING GROUND. During the past year extensive improvements have been made in the facilities of this station. The rapidity with which guns and mounts have been constructed, all of which are proved at this phice, has greatly increased the work to be done. The armor is also being delivered with much greater rapidity and has correspondingly in- creased the work of armor testing. In addition to this, samples of all projectiles manufactured by contract for the Navy are tested at the proving ground. Experiments on firing high explosives, also on fuses, electric tiring, gun sights, and much other work have been submitted to the crucial test of actual use. This has all been done by officers at the station with an energy and iuteligence deserving commendation. GUN FACTORY. The gun shops have been running at their utmost capacity during the past year. Overtime work ceased in accordance with the act of Congress. It has required the utmost exertion to supply the guns. 478 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE mounts, aud equipments as rapidly as required by the new sliips. More extended experience in the work has resulted in greater economy in all the branches of manufacture. It has also made evident the direc- tion in which additions must be made to the plant in order to increase its eiliciency and make it equal to the demands which may be made ujion it. The breech-mechanism shoj) is now completed and in complete work- ing order. The necessity for more working space was met by the act of Congress providing for the removal of the forge shop to another building and fitting up the present forge shop for an extension of the mount shop. This work is in progress, but an additional appropriation is required and asked for this year to complete it. ******* Very respectfully, C. E. Clark, Commander, U. 8. If., Inspector of Ordnance. The Commandant, Navy Yard, Mare Island, Cal. EEPOET OF THE COMMANDANT OF THE UNITED STATES IVIAEINE CORPS. Headquarters U. S. Marine Corps, Washington, B. G., Septemher 28, 1893. Sir: I have the honor to submit my annual report of the condition of the U. S. Marine Corps for the past year. Daring that time I have made a personal inspection of all the posts except Mare Island and Sitka, and found them in excellent condition with the exception of Brooklyn, where extensive repairs are necessary consequejit upon the age of the buildings there, which was made known to the Department in my letter inclosing the annual estimates. On Sei)tembostal service to bring it up to the highest possible degree of efficiency. ^Financial state- rj^^^^ following Summarized statements in this paragraph of the receipts and expenditures of this Department, and of the estimates of the current and next succeeding fiscal year, do not include the earnings of the Pacific railroads, which are credited upon their indebtedness to the Government; nor do they include payments to be made under subsidy contracts. For the year ended June 30, 1890, the deficiency in revenue to meet the expenditures of the Department, as shown by the reports of the Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department, was $5,018,019.10; for the year ended June 30, 1891, the deficiency was $5,730,677.07; forthe year ended June 30, 1892, the deficiency was $5,303,286.31; REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 483 and for the vear ended June 30, 1S03, tlie deficiency esti- mated by my i^redecessor was $1,552,423.17. It was in fact, however, $5,177,171.74. The estimated receipts and expenditures for tliat year were as follows : Ordinary postal reveuiie for the year ending June 30, 1893 $70, 020, 507. 86 Add an increase of 9 per cent 6, 301, 845. 70 Total ordinary revenue 76, 322, 353. 56 Add estimated x^rofits from sale of Columbian postage stamps 1, 500, 000. 00 Add revenue from money-order business 920, 000. 00 Grossrevenue 78,742,353.56 * Expenditures, uj)on the basis of apiaropriations 80, 294, 776. 73 78, 742, 353. 56 Leaving an estimated deficiency for 1893 of 1, 552, 423. 17 This proved, however, to be an overestimate of revenues. Revenues of , ., , ... • j2a • ^ J. , last year overes- and the current appropriations were msulncient to meet timated. the exx)enditures of the Department. The following are the actual figures of each : Actual expenditures $81, 074, 104. 90 ^^^^ actual fig Gross revenue from all sources 75, 896, 933. 16 Actual deficiency 5, 177, 171. 74 For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, the estimates made by my predecessor in office were as follows : Estimated ordinary postal revenue for the year ending June 30, 1893, as previously estimated $76, 322, 353. 56 Add 9 per cent 6,869,041.82 Total estimated ordinary revenue 83, 191, 365. 38 Add estimated additional profits from sale of Colum- bian postage stamps 1, 000, 000. 00 Estimated revenue from money-order business 930, 000. 00 Gross revenue for the year 85, 121, 365. 38 Estimated exiienditures for the current year 84, 249, 119. 67 Leaving an estimated surplus of revenue of 872, 245. 71 My estimates for the current year, just submitted through the Secretary of the Treasury, are as follows : Entire postal revenue for year ended June 30, 1893, in- . eluding revenue from money-order business $75, 896, 933. 16 Estimates for Add 3 per cent 2, 276, 907. 99 ''""■®''* ^'''''■• Gross estimated reveuTie for the year 1894 78, 173, 841. 15 Estimated expenditures, appfoj)riations already made. 84,004,314.22 Additional amount required 2, 000, 000. 00 Total estimated expenditures 86, 004, 314. 22 Leaving an estimated deficiency of 7, 830, 473. 07 484 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. It will tlius be seen that there is a discrepancy between the estimates for the current year made by my predecessor and those made by myself of $8,702,718.78. This discrep- ancy is accounted for as follows : Discrepaucy 1. Actual receipts of ordinary postal revenue, less than explained. per estimate $425,420.40 2. DiiFereuce of estimated, increase for the year 4, 592, 103, 83 3. Profits from sale of Columbian postage stamps 1,000,000.00 4. Estimated revenue from money-order business, in- cluded in total ordinary postal revenue, as last above stated 930, 000. 00. 5. Estimated expenditures, above appro- priations $2,000,000.00 Less difference between estimated expendi- tures and appropriations, as above 244,805.45 1, 755, 194. 55 8, 702, 718. 78 These estimates j^ertain only to the current business of the year. It will be noticed that more than one-half of the discrepancy is in the estimated increase of revenue. It is to be hoped that my estimate of increase (3 per cent) will prove to be too conservative, being mucli less in percent- age than the average for a number of years; but the indi- cations up to the date of transmitting this report do not justify the prediction that they will exceed that amount. It shmild be noted at this point that pursuant to author- ity contained in an act entitled ^'An act to modify the l)ostal money-order system, and for other purposes," ap- Actnai defi- provcd Marcli 3, 1883, the sum of $1,250,000 has been taken ciency decreased ■"- n ■ ■, t $1,250,000 from from the balance of unpaid money-order accounts and niipaid money- •,T.,im iji t n it order .accounts, causcd to bc deposited in the Ireasury to the credit of the Treasurer of the United States, for the service of the Post- OfiBce Department; so that whatever may be the actual deficiency as a result of the current year's business, the appropriations to meet such deficiency will be diminished by the amount of $1,250,000. It is hoped that during the year a further credit may be taken, without detriment to the money- order business. Estimates for FoF the year ending June 30, 1895, the estimates are as the fiscal year ending June 30, follOWS : Estimated postal revenue for year ending June 30, 1894, as above $78, 173, 84L 15 Add 8 per cent 6,253,907.29 Gross estimated revenue for year ending June 30, 1895.. 84,427,748.44 Expenditures, as just estimated and submitted through the Secretary of tlie Treasury 90, 399, 485. 33 Deficiency for year 1895, estimated 5, 971, 736. 89 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 485 It will be observed, therefore, that, while the revenues ^-eTennes van. ' ' ' able, but expend- are variable in amount, depending upon business condi-it"re3 steadily incre.ise. tions and the like, yet the expenditures steadily and surely increase from year to year; and while, as I have said, no increase in postal rates should be made, it will be seen from the foregoing- figures that the discrepancy between the receipts and expenditures for the current year will be so large as to render a reduction of rates at this time inad- visable. INCREASE OF PRESIDENTIAL POSTMASTERS. From the report of the First Assistant Postmaster-Gen- increase of eral, it will be found that, as a result of the annual adjust- po^stmastera Von- ment of salaries of presidential postmasters, of which, on ''"'**'*®^* July 1, 1893, there were 3,340, a net iucrease of 163 of&ces over the previous year, 151 post-offices were assigned to the first class, 674 to the second class, and 2,515 to the third class, being an increase of 13 first-class ofitices,'17 second- class offices, aud 133 third-class offii't'y tue mouey- ovdcr. the rates charged for all domestic money-orders should be reduced and the form of the order simplified, I believe these changes would be desirable and that the revenues would more likely be increased than diminished thereby. 494 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER- GENERAL. nSTTERTJATIONAL MONEY-ORDER BUSINESS. Excellent Duriiig tlic last fiscal year 105 international money-order teruirtionaiofiices wcpc added, making the total number of such offices transactions, '^'^in Operation June 30, 1893, 2,407. The total number of in- ternational money orders issued during the last fiscal year was 1,055,999, an increase of 72,523, or 7.37 per cent over the preceding fiscal year; the total amount issued was $10,341,837.86, an increase of $1,221,506.31, or 8.08 per cent; total number of orders paid 300,917, an increase of 13,503, or 4.05 per cent; total amount paid $5,283,375.70, an in- crease of $94,094.83, or 1.80 per cent. The total amount of fees received was $202,281.30, an increase of $14,958, or 7.99 per cent. The average amount of international orders issued was $15.48. The total A'olume of international money- order business for the year shows an increase over the pre- vious fiscal year of 86,023 orders, or 6.75 per cent, and in amount $1,315,661.14, or 6.46 -per cent. MONEY ORDER AND POSTAL NOTE TOTALS. The enormous Tlic grand total of doiiicstic and international money gross total of- - ,, . . ... - domestic and in- ordcrs and postal notes issued during the year was mo)icy"orto°an(i 22,118,944, an increase of 2,015,980, or 10.03 per cent; the n^piymlnt's"!"" total aiuount issued was $156,821,348.24, or an increase of $9,738,510.11, or 6.62 per cent; the total number of pay- ments and repayments was 21,370,746, an increase of 2,031,318, or 10.50 per cent; the total amount of the pay- ments and repayments was $145,939,537.98, an increase of $8,713,003.38, or 0.35 per cent; and the total fees received amounted to $1,555,866.81, an increase of $120,612.28, or 8.40 per cent. MONEY ORDER CONVENTION WITH SAN SALVADOR. A money-order convention was made during the year between San Salvador and the United States, of whicli a copy is appended to the report of the First Assistant Post- master-General. CANCELINGr MACHINES. Maciiiiics tiiat Tlicre are now in use 128 canceling machines, distributed 000 letters each anioiig 53 of thc larger offices in proportion to their needs, hoursl^*^" ^ ''"'^ Fifty three of these machines have an average capacity of 18,000 to 20,000 letters postmarked and canceled per hour, and rent for $400 per annum each; Avhile the remaining 75 machines show an average capacity of 5,000 to 6,000 can- cellations per hour, and rent for $200 per annum each. 1 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL, 495 have recommended an appropriation of $G0,000, an increase of $10,000 over last year's appropriation, for the rental of canceling macbines. MAIL TRANSPORTATION. Tbe bnreau of tlie Second Assistant Postmaster-General ^^'^^^^ llJ;'^^^ is charged with the duty of providing for all forms of trans- ^^^^^^°'''^^^'': portation; also with the certification of the extent of serv- ice actually performed, based upon which the accounts ^ representing the cost of the service are stated and pay- ments made. The operation of the Eailway Mail Service and of tbe Foreign Mails Service and their expenditures are under tbe direction of the Second Assistant Postmaster- General. INLAND MAIL SERVICE IN OPERATION AND ANNUAL RATE OF EXPENDITURE. The extent of this class of mail service in operation, and se^^ilce s™ m'- the annual rate of expenditure on June 30, 1893, is shown '"''^y. in the following summary: Number of routes 30, 831 Leugtb of routes miles.. 453,832.83 Annual rate of expenditure $43, 597, 997. 55 Number of miles traveled per annum 381, 499, 085. 75 Comparison with the report for June 30, 1892, shows : Per cent. An increase in routes of 989, or 3. 31 An increase in length of routes of 6,241.90 miles, or 1. 39 An increase in the annual rate of expenditures of $2,262,625.30, or. 5. 47 STAR SERVICE. This designation applies to all classes of inland transpor- tation not embraced under that of railroad or steamboat; and while there exists an impression that its extent steadily declines and its importance becomes less audless, the oppo- site is really the case. The star service reaches the remotest portions of our where thestar country; it quickly follows the pioneer; and it is mainly trltes?^ peno- by means of such service that the advance settlers with their families are partially compensated for the many depri- vations incurred in oi)eniug up new sections of our country. It keeps them in touch with the outer world, and its effi- ciency and reliability are of the greatest moment. My interest in the improvement of this character of mail f more rigid •^ ••■ enforcement oi service has caused me to inquire into the methods apply- existing statutes ■*■ i -1- 1/ jjjjj[ regulations. ing to the enforcement of the obligations of contractors, 496 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. and I have encouraged and supported the efforts of the bureau oflBcers in the direction of a more rigid enforcement of ah'eady existing statutes and regulations, intended to promote better results from star service. It may become advisable from time to time to recommend the enactment of additional laws that will tend to the betterment of this class of service. In the carrying out of the policy of advancing the stand- Improvements ard of the Star scrvicc, it has been ordered that hereafter lu tlio star sei'v- ' ice. subcontracts, authorized by the act of May 17, 1878, must be filed in the department, or certification must be made that none have been executed; and failures to comply with the requirements of the order will be considered sufficient ground for delaying the quarterly certification of the per- formauce of the service. This order can not be made fully effective before January ] , 1894, but iilready a large number of subcontracts and certificates have been filed. Hereaf- ter it will be made more difficult to shirk the responsibili- ties lawfully imposed in the contracts; and it is confidently expected that outright failures to perform the service will become lessened, and at the same time the efforts of the contractors to render an efficient service become greater. Clerical labor jjj ^|jjg conncctiou I dcsire to call attention to the desira- unnecessanlj- employed. bility of repealing parts of section 413, Eevised Statutes, requiriug certain rei^orts to be made to Congress relating to contract mail service. I am informed that these reports are no longer printed, and the clerical labor employed in their preparation could be used to much advantage in con- nection with other duties for the advancement of the gen- eral service. REGULATION WAGON SERVICE. This service is rendered necessary in connection with the transferring of the mails in large cities, and is really a part of the star-service system. During tlie past summer it has been made i^ossible to materially advance its character in all the large cities on the Atlantic slope. The time had. Keorganizatiorariived requiring a complete reorganization of the van Be^rvi^e" ^''^°" equipment, and the contractors, with few exceptions, recog- nized the necessity of the case and heartily cooperated, which resulted in the introduction of practically an entire new wagon equipment in ten cities. In the construction of the new wagons attention has been given to the introduc- tion of improvements in locks, and to telltale devises com- municating to the drivers any attempt to oi)en the doors of the wagons while en route. REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 497 The improvements that have led to the increased effi- ciency of the regulation van system will be extended as rapidly as possible to that of screened wagons which have become an important adjunct of the vans in cities and towns where the extent of the mails is not so great. It is my purpose that further consideration shall be given to the providing of safeguards to insure a maximum amount of protection to the mails which are required to be trans- ferred by wagons in cities. STEAMBOAT SERVICE. This class of service does not grow in extent, and there is a steady decline in its cost. Its importance, however, is upon a parity with star service, and the improvements in the methods I have outlined as applying to star service it is expected to enforce in connection with that ui)on inland steamboat routes. RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION. It can be readily understood why it is that this class of The great im- service embraces all of the most important features of the rol/ ton^pona- mail transportation; and, correspondingly, its cost is by far the largest item of oujtlay incurred by the Post-Office Department. The mail service by railroad carriers practi- cally covers the entire railroad system of the country ,• the Department's arrangements being such that contempora- neously with the completion of a new line its value for mail purposes is determined and matters adjusted for the inauguration of the improved mail service. So far as I have been enabled to acquaint myself with the Eaiiroada wii ,.., • j^ ^ .jiji J ,. „, linff to cooperate details associated with the transportation of the mails by^Jth the Depart- mciit railroads, I am impressed favorably with the spirit of will- ingness on the part of railroad managers to cooperate with the Department in rendering the mail service effective. I have knowledge of instances in which there has been an unwillingness to do all for the advancement of the mails which seemed essential, but with few exceptions the sug- gestions of the Department are favorably entertained, and it is thereby made possible to steadily render the mail serv- ice by railroad routes more frequent and complete in the extent of its distribution and in the time occupied between route termini. The fast mail service between the ISTorth and the South ^^w fast maiia has recently been much enlarged. Following the coast line, Northland the its extent and rapidity will (commencing with December) ^°"^^' be more complete than heretofore; and by means of tho Ab. 93 32 498 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. interior lines, it has recently been made possible to inaugu- rate a double daily fast mail service connecting the great business centers of the North with New Orleans, by way of Atlanta and Montgomery. The hours of these trains are those most prefen-ed by the Dej^artment, and it has thereby been rendered possible to accomplish connections which provide equally well for both letter and daily newspaper mails. t-s^e^n th^^East ^^^ have also been enabled to effect a quickening, both and California east and wcstbouud, of the transcontinental fast mail train shortened. ' that will have especial advantages for the commercial inter- ests of California. ELECTRIC LINES. car°?fne8^^to'^bo ^* ^^^^ poiut it is in placc for me to call attention to the further utilized, importaiicc whicli already attaches to, and which I believe will grow from, the utilization of the electric car lines foi mail transportation purposes. These companies can i^er- form much service that otherwise would depend on star carriers; and as the visible outlay incurred by the roads is small, they are disposed to accei)t ordinary railroad rates for the same. My desire is, that wherever the general ser- vice can be advanced, without the duplication of routes un- necessarily, it is in the direction of improvement to make use of rapid transit street and suburban car lines. THE RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE. What the rail- Tliis feature of the system of mail transportation derives accomplishes, its greatest imi:)ortance from the fact that by its means it has become possible to place the way points and smaller offices throughout the country on the same plane as the larger and terminal offices. It is not alone railroad points, but also star-service i^oints, that gain by its methods. It has been my purpose to render this service more and more efficient; and, as it became so, to enlarge upon its system of distiibutioa and at the same time add to the frequency of operating the railway post-offices. Not until I assumed the direction of the i)Ostal service did I fully understand and appreciate the importance of this part of the general mail service; and as I become more itsarmyofem- and more familiar with its details my interest in its prog- ress is being broadened. The extent of its clerical force at the beginning of the present fiscal year was 6,045 men, and the requirements of this year, it is estimated, will call for an increase in the number to possibly 7,000 men. REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 499 I have been mucli impressed with the hazardous nature "^idows and i orphans of em- of the service performed by railway postal clerks, and rec- pioy^s billed in ^ i7 »; X 7 the service ouslit ommend that such le^islatiou be provided as shall permit to be provided ^ ^ ^ for. of the grautiug to widows and minor clnldren of those killed on duty of a reasonable sum. It is right that the Department be permitted to extend protection — as it now does — to those injured 5 and it ought not to be difficult to fommlate a measure, removed from the possibility of abuse, that will relieve the iDecuniary distresses of those who were dependent on the dead clerk. At most it would involve an outlay of less than $20,000 annually; and with the determination of the Department that only the best and most improved class of railway post-office car equipment shall be accepted in its service, it is probable the per- centage of deaths arising from moving-train casualties would decline. Another matter has been brought to my notice in con- , Efficiency of " '' the mail service nection with this service ; that is, the enlargement of the domandsreorgan- ■' "^ ization and corps Eailway Mail Service organization. I learn that the of auxiliary organization now in force was created when the service was insignificant as compared with the present ; and fiirthermore, the character of the duties were very different from those now performed. I am advised that the enlarge- ment of the organization will greatly advance the efficiency of the mail service, and that if a corps of auxiliary clerks is provided at the same time it will still further add to the completeness of the service and permit of its reaching out more rapidly in the direction of the i)reparation of mail matter, while in transit, for immediate delivery to the addresses at local post-offices. This being the case, it would seem to be a matter of public interest that early provision be made for the changes recommended, and for a reclassification of the Eailway Mail Service. MAIL, EQUIPMENT. I have in the treatment of the subject of railroad trans- importance ot portation made some reference to the weight of the equip- maintamfng^iTs ment belonging to the Department, and my desire that am/7ock ^rei)aif greater attention shall be given hereafter to its construction ''^°^^' with a view to maintaining, and possibly adding to, its durability, while at the same time reducing its weight. With this end in view, the importance of the Department maintaining direct control of the reconstruction of both its bag and lock equipment becomes greater than heretofore. It is through the exercise of this supervision that it is ren- 500 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. dered possible to fix the respousibility for repairs and to clieck the lack of interest that naturally would follow were the control of the repairs diverted from the Department chiefs. POREiaN MAILS. The most important matter associated at present with this branch of mail transportation is doubtless that of the additional cost that has been incurred through the api^li- cation of the act of March 3, 1891, to provide for ocean Postal subsidy, mail scrvlcc betwccu the United States and foreign ports. Ko new engagements have been entered into since I assumed charge of the Department, and the extent of the service under this act has been curtailed by the discontin- uance of three of the routes, resulting, however, in no dis- advantage to the mail service. I am unable to ascertain that any positive advantages have accrued, from either a mail or a commercial point of view, by reason of the con- tracts tlius far placed in operation under the act of JMarch 3, 1891. Advantages I believc tlic occau mall service contract routes on which incommensurate . . , . , n /. t ~ . , with cost. service is now being actually performed were m existence and were having performed on them the same service before the change in compensation took place j and it is probable that had the Department not executed contracts the steam- ship companies would still have found it desirable to con- tinue their operation as at present. The gains in the expe- dition of the mails have not been material, and the advan- tages to be derived from the Government's control of the ships other than first-class ships do not seem to be sufficient to outweigh the additional cost involved and which becomes directly chargeable to the revenues of the Post-OflSce Depart- ment. No new contracts have been entered into under the act of 1891, and but three of the lines already under con- tract have not yet entered upon this service, viz : Galveston to La Guayra (route No. 30), which has had its date for starting changed to January 15, 1894,* New York to South- ampton (route No. 57), and New York to Antwerp (route No. 58). The two last routes are not required to enter regularly upon the contract service until October, 1895. It is worth while to add respecting the two transatlantic routes that steamships of the highest class are called for, and already two of the required fleet are now employed on route 57, where they were j)laced soon after they were naturalized by act of Congress. These two ships are pro- vided with sea post-ofiices and, as such, are being operated by this Department. EEPOKT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAIi. 501 The increased cost of the sea conveyance of the foreign mails will appear in the followijig table. For 1893 .' $406,927.28 For 1894 (part estimate ; amount reduced oTring to the discontinuance of three routes) 378, 671. 53 j^^^^^^^^ ^.^^^ For 1895 (estimate) 625,481. 90 of conveyance For 1896 (estimate) 2, 839, 323. 81 ^^^"t'^'^'^ subs.idy Covering the four years the increase will he 4, 250, 404. 52 The Diaximum of increase, as applying- to the contracts now in existence, will have been reached in 1890. There are, however, special considerations in the case of the International Navigation Company which, in my judgment, entitle its contracts to exemption from any legislation for a repeal or a modification of the subsidy act of March 3, 1891. These considerations are : (1) That all its ships constructed and to be constructed sidJ'rati^ns*' " °x' are of the first class, and would be available in case oftionar°Nav^ga- iieed by the Government as naval cruisers. *'°" ompany. (2) Because of the establishment on one route of a weekly service between New York and Southampton and on the other their contract to render a weekly service between New York and Antwerp, the steamers calling at Southampton and Boulogne to laud mails and i^asseiigers; thus establishing semiweekly mail service from New York under the American flag. (3) This company has already transferred from the Brit- ish to the American flag the steamers N'ew York and Paris, and under its contract will be required to build not less than five additional ships of this type, in American ship- yards, two of which are already in process of construction. (4) Because, pursuant to this contract, this contracting company, when it naturalized the New York and Paris, forfeited the British annual subsidy of £21,000. It also, as I am informed, forfeited fifteen months' back pay, amount- ing to about £20,250. PARCELS POST. The desirability of the enlargement of the parcels post, j .'^"t^nuon^ ^^'^' so as to have it apply especially to European countries and ' Great Britain, has been brought to my attention ; also the action of the last Universal Postal Congress reducing the registration fee; also the matter of a limited responsibility for the loss of, or damage to, registered articles while in transit through the foreign mails. All three are matters which should be treated in connection with the methods applying in the domestic service, and I have as yet been 602 REPOET OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. unable to devote sufficient time to their proper considera- tion. The parcels post seems to me to be of most impor- tance, and it is my purpose to give it early attention. Law to punish LEGISLATIVE PROTECTION TO TRANSPORTATION, train vrrecking needed My notice has been called to the additional protection that would arise to the mail service and its railway postal clerks by the enactment of a Federal law for the imnishment of train wrecking or the interruption of their running. It is believed the knoAvledge of the existence of such a law would oftentimes prevent the wilful and malicious interruption of trains. There is some question as to what constitutes railway mail service. All trains engaged in the transportation of mail matter, whether it be a single j)ouch or a railway postal car service, should be sufficient to constitute them mail trains and as engaged in the mail service. The fact that other traffic is attached to the same train should not be permitted to i^lace in jeopardy or subject to delay this most important of all the public service. FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE SERVICE. From the report of the Third Assistant Postmaster- Gen- eral, the distribution of expenditm^es for the postal service during the fiscal year will be found to be as follows: How expendi- Railroad transportation of the mails $24, 000, 326. 34 last year. Compensation of postmasters 15, 863, 621. 74 Free-delivery service 10, 688, 080. 62 Compensation to clerks in post-offices 8, 338, 631. 02 Compensation to railway post-office clerks 6, 630, 323. 36 Star transportation of mails 5, 680, 572. 36 Railway postal-car service 2, 795, 589. 40 Mail-messenger service 1,200, 397.78 Transj)ortation of foreign mails 1, 097, 867. 25 Manufactnre of stamped envelopes, newspaper wrap- pers, and letter sheets .■ 994,841.85 Rent, light, and fuel in first and second class offices. .. 738, 717. 00 Rent, light, and fuel in third-class offices 543, 164. 52 Inland mail transportation, steamboat 403, 812. 75 Manufacture of jiostage stamps 312, 110. 93 Manufacture of postal cards 258, 930. 86 Special-delivery service 256, 592. 71 Mail depredations and post-office inspectors 234, 977. 88 Mail hags and mail-bag catchers 234, 373. 21 Necessary and special facilities 192, 318. 60 Wrapping twine 108, 952. 00 Expenditure under twenty-one other items of appropri- ation- 499,902.72 Total actual expenditure on account of the year 81, 074, 104. 90 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 503 Tlie entire postal revenue Tras as follows : Letter postage paid in money, the bulk of wliicli consists of balance due and paid by foreign postal administrations $72, 305. 81 S«'^ t^o reve- "J r^ ^ ^ > nue was earned. Box rents at post-offices 2, 492, 336. 60 Fines and penalties 22, 347. 08 Sales of i)Ostage stamps, stami^ed envel- opes, newspaper wrappers, letter sheets, and postal cards -• 72, 359, 213. 59 Receipts from unclaimed dead letters. . . 12, 537. 57 Miscellaneous receipts 24, 127. 12 Receipts from money-order business 914, 065. 39 Total receipts -. $75, 896, 933. 16 Deficiency of revenue 5, 177, 171. 74 This statement does not include all the transactions of the postal service on account of the year. As always haj)- pens when the Department makes uj) its annual financial statement, there are a number of outstanding obligations which it is not possible to satisfy before the close of the year, and which are therefore left over for subsequent settlement. It is estimated that for the past year there are accounts still outstanding amounting to $471,-!12.09. The amounts earned by what are known as the subsi- efraifls'^notTn dized Pacific Railroads, for transporting the mails during '^^"''^'^"*^^°'^®- the year, are likewise not included in the statement above; as, under the provisions of law, these earnings, instead of being paid over direct by the Department, are certified to the Secretary of the Treasury for credit in the accounts of the companies with the Government. These earnings amounted during the year to $1,617,845.83. If the outstanding liabilities of the Department and the amounts earned by the subsidized raih^oads were added to the year's expenditures, the deficiency of receipts would be $7,266,229.66, instead of the amount above stated. COMPARISON OF 1893 WITH 1892. The postal receipts for the year ending June 30, 1893, Postal businpsa as above stated, amounted to $75, 896, 933. 16 compared. For the previous year they amounted to 70, 930, 475. 98 Increase for 1893 4, 966, 457. 18 Per cent of increase 7. 06 The total expenditures for 1893, not including out- standing liabilities or Pacific Railroad earnings, amounted, as above stated, to 81, 074, 104. 90 The expenditures for 1892, with the same exclusions, amounted to 76,323,762.29 Increase for 1893 4, 750, 342. 61 Per cent of increase 6. 22 504 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. The total actual deficieucy of reveuue for 1893, not taking into account outstanding liabilities or Pacific Railroad earnings^ was $5, 177, 171. 74 For 1892, it was 5,393,286.31 Decrease for 1893 216,114.57 Per cent of decrease 4. 17 APPROPEIATION ACCOUXT. The total of the appropriations made by Congress for the service of the year was $81, 204, 406. 05 The total of the expenditures, as before stated, was. . . 81, 074, 104. 90 Excess of appropriations over expenditures 130, 301. 15 There were three items in which the expenditures ex- Dehcitncy ap- needed the appropriations, namely : propriations re- Comj>ehsation of j)ostmasters — the excess quired. ^^^^^ $613,321.74 Advertising — the excess being 1, 974. 27 Mail-messenger service — the excess being. . 397. 78 Total excesses 61.5,993.79 This amount, added to the above, gives the total nu- expeuded balances of appropriation 746, 294. 94 In tlie three cases wliere tlie expenditures were in excess, deficiency appropriations Avill have to be made. SPECIAL-DELIVERY SYSTEM. I am pleased to report that iii this interesting branch of the postal service there has been a marked increase of busi- ness over that of the previous year. I do not refer in this so much to the volume as to the rate of increase, for taken altogether the special-delivery system is not a very consider- able branch of the postal service. speci.li (leiiv- The entire number of letters or other pieces of matter ery business. ^ mailed during the year for special delivery was 3,375,693, which shows an increase over the previous year's mailing of nearly 22 i^er cent. The value of the special-delivery stamps on this matter was $337,509.30. and the aggregate of the messengers' fees paid for delivery was $250,592.71, leaving a i)rofit to the Go-vernment of $80,970.59. The average time for making delivery was nineteen min- utes. There were employed during the year an average of nearly 1,500 messengers at the larger offices, most of them boys. ISSUES OF STAMPED PAPER. The issues during the year of the various forms of stamped pai)er — the sales of which constitute over 95 jier cent of the REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 505 postal revenue — aggregated the enormous number of over 3,900,000,000 piece^ made up of the following items: Ordinary postage stamps $1, 705, 788, 095 Cohimbian postage stamjis 1, 044, 504, 995 Special-delivery stamps 3, 528, 070 Newspaper and periodical stamps 4, 171, 091 Stamped papei Postage-due stamps 18, 101, 960 Ordinary stamped envelopes 218, 314, 436 Special-request stamped en velopes 308, 354, 500 Columbian stamjied envelopes: Plain 26,961,000 Special-request 27, 789, 500 Stamped newspaper wrappers 54, 860, 000 Stamped letter-slieet enveloiies 755, 754 Postal cards— all kinds 530,505,600 Total 3,943,635,001 These issues represent a value of $75,494,875.17. NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS MAILED. The paid mailings during the year of what is generally- known as second-class matter — being newspapers and peri- odicals sent by publishers and news agents — aggregated in weight over 255,000,000 pounds, which brought in a postage revenue of $2,556,342,13. Adding the estimated weight of free matter of this class gives a total of the year's mailings of nearly 301,000,000 ijounds, which represents an increase over the previous year's business of more than 14 iier cent, wiiat second- As this rate of increase is double that of the year's increase tistics indicate. of postal revenue taken in its entirety, I am afraid that these statistics indicate not so much a healthy growth in the periodical literature of the country as the success of enterprising publishers in securing the entry of many pub- lications into this favored class of mail matter that are not really entitled to the privilege. I proiiose to give this subject, when opportunity shall permit, more thorough consideration. POSTAL CARDS. The contract entered into in 1889 for furnishing the Department with postal cards comprehended three difterent kinds — the first a very small card made of fine tinted paper, costing 37 cents a thousand; the second, a card of the size and general character that had always been issued from the introduction of yjostal cards in 1873, costing 35 cents a thousand; and the third, a large card made of heavy jute paper, costing 50 cents a thousand. From the estimate 506 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. made iu the specifieatious under wliicli this contract was awarded, it wouhl seem that the expecfation of the Depart- ment was that one-half of the entire issues of tliese cards woukl be made up of the old or medium size, and that the other half would be equally divided between the small and the large sizes. This expectation, I regret to say, has iu no respect been fulfilled. It has turned out that the largest and costliest card is the one in greatest -demand, amounting now to more than two-thirds of all the cards issued; the medium card is the next in demand, though the issues are relatively less as time goes on ; while the small cards are less than 2 per cent of the total issues. One size only of As the large Card was costing the Department over 40 the^^iving wMcb per ccut more than the medium card, and had besides some wui result. disadvantages in connection with the handling of it in the mails, while the small card was totally unnecessarj^, and the other was gradually being displaced, I deemed it advis- able, when the contract was near its termination, to adver- tise for the furnishing of but one kind of card, 3J by 5^ inches in dimensions — the size prescribed by the Postal Union Convention — and of the general quality of paper that the people had been accustomed to in the medium form of card. Under the call thus made, the Department received a number of advantageous proposals, the lowest of which was accepted and a contract made which went into effect on the first of October last. If this contract is carried out, a handsome saving will be made as comijared with the expenditure under the previous contract. The saving on the basis of the past year's issues is here shown: Small cards issued, 8,990,250, at 37 cents a thousaud $3, 326. 39 Medium cards issued, 171,722,450, at 35 ceuts a thousand . 60, 102. 91 Large cards- issued, 336.259,150, at 50 cents a thousand . . . 168, 129. 58 Total cost under old contract 231, 558. 88 Cost of the same number of cards of the new size at 32.87 cents a thousand, the present contract rate 169, 928. 64 Saving on one year's issues 61, 630. 24 Quadrupling this amount — four years being the duration of the contract — gives a total saving to the Government of $24G,520.9G. REGISTRATION STATISTICS. The Third Assistant Postmaster-General reports the number of letters and other pieces of mail matter registered REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 507 dmiug the year to be 15,561,410, of wliicli 12,802,394 were paid registrations, and the remainder ^vere free. This shows an increase of only 2 per cent over the business of the pre- vious year. On the 1st of January, 1893, the fee for registration was Reduction of ' ' registratiou fee reduced from 10 to 8 cents, under an order made a short results m loss of y-vi- jiii f T-xi revenue and no time before. Oe business transacted, thereiore, during the increase of reg- 1 Q T T*Tr Mil ^1 n^QQ six months from that date to the close of the fiscal year, there was a loss to the postal revenue of 2 cents for every transaction. The total loss was $129,449.24. It is a singular fact that the reduction of the registry fee has caused no increase of registry business. The Third Assistant Postmaster-General recommends a restoration of the former fee, but as yet I have not concurred in this recommendation. INDEJINITY FOR LOST REaiSTERED MATTER. The Third Assistant Postmaster-General recommends the enactment of a law under which indemnity", not to exceed $10 in any case, can be made for actual losses in the regis- tered mails after investigation has shown recovery to be impossible. The reasons for his recommendations are that under such a law greater confidence in the registry system would be given the public, and that thereby a much greater amount of business would be done; besides which, the amount of losses, judging by past experience, calculated even at the maximum of $10 each, would be comparatively small — in the aggTegate probably not over $7,000 a year. Upon the whole, I regard the proposition as a good one — Proposition for being in the line with the policy of other postal administra- iossTf"registered tions — and I therefore recommend that Congress be asked "^'^ er approve . to authorize it. TELEGRAPHIC RATES. Under theact of Congress of July 24, 1860, the authority was vested in the Postmaster-General to fix the rates for telegraphic communications for the several Departments of the Government. By an amendment apiiroved July 5, 1892, telegraphic dispatches of the Weather Bureau, De- partment of Agriculture, were excepted, the rates for which are now fixed by the Secretary of Agriculture. The principal companies of the country, and in fact nearly all of them, have from time to time accepted the provisions of the act of 1806 ; they have transmitted the messages of the Government at the rates fixed by the several Postmasters- 508 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. General, up to tlie time tbat the new rates were proposed by Postmaster-General Wauamaker, October 30, 1889. The leading- companies protested against the rates which were then established, although they continued to send the mes- sages of the Government and such payments as were made were accepted by them under protest. Suits have been instituted by at least one of the leading comi^anies in the Court of Claims to recover the price pf the service at the rates charged the public. At the beginning of the present fiscal year, after consid- erable investigation of the subject, I fixed rates under which the Departmental telegraphic business of the Government is now being transacted. These rates are about 8 per cent below those fixed by Posmaster-General Dickinson, June 29, 1888, and have been accepted by the companies. COLUMBIAN POSTAGE STAMPS. In 1889 the usual contract for the manufacture of the adhesive postage stamps was made with the American Bank Note Company at the price of 7.47 cents per thousand. In 1892 Postmaster- General Wanamaker entered into an arrangement with the same company for an issue of stamps commemorative of the discovery of America by Columbus, known as "Columbian stamps " for use during the year Original con- ^ ' ■, tract for the i a 1893. It was agreed that the issue of these stamps to be bian postage takcu aud paid for by the Government should be not less than three thousand millions (3,000,000,000) in number j that the price should be 17 cents per thousand, and further, that the existing contract for the ordinary stamps should be extended three months, and that the additional three months' supply should be taken and paid for by the Gov- ernment. It was supposed that these stamps would be in great demand by the stamp collectors of the world, and that the contract would result in a large profit to the Government; indeed, a profit in all of $2,500,000 was estimated. Exx^erience did not establish the correctness of this esti- mate. In fact, as eail^ as June last I became satisfied that The contem- frhc cxtxa salcs of stamps induced by this issue would not not result. '' " be likely to yield enough profit to make good the extra cost of their manufacture. As this arrangement was made without advertisement or competition, and was no part of the original contract of November 7, 1889, I had serious doubts as to its validity and binding force ui)on the Government, and the REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 509 question arose, What onglit to be doue in the interest of the Government? First, I called the attention of the contracting company to this subject. They met this with an opinion from emi- nent counsel that the contract was a valid obligation, that it was duly executed and was within the power of the Postmaster-General to make emergency contracts without advertising or competition. Negotiations ensued, with the result that the contracting company waived its claim of right and agreed to the prop- osition of the Department that the issue of these stamps should be limited to 2,000,000,000, also waiving claim for profits on the other 1,000,000,000 of these stamps. The other parts of the arrangement to remain in force. The result is a saving, in cost of manufacture of 1,000,- .^-'^y^'l""^'?,?,*^!® 000,000 stamps, of the difference between the existing con- sa^^'ed the gov- 7 L 7 o eminent. tract price for ordinary stamps, 7.47 cents per thousand, and the contract price for the Columbian issue, 17 cents per thousand, being 9.53 cents per thousand, or $95,300 in all. The present indications are that the amount of these stamps aslimited by this last arrangement will be sufficient to meet all demands during the year. The action of the American Bank Note Company in this matter is highly commended, since it must result in a con- siderable loss of profits. FREE MAIL MATTER. The amount of free matter mailed and delivered during the last fiscal year was enormous. The number of pieces pj^^^*^*^!^,^®^ weighed 87,000,000 ]30unds, and are enumerated as follows : ^^^°- Newspapers and periodicals mailed free in their respective counties of publication 382,861,271 Official letters inclosed in penalty envelopes 62, 580, 886 Official supplies, blanks, twine, etc., mailed under free penalty labels 9, 461, 098 Franked matter, documents, pamphlets, seeds, etc 14, 483, 628 Total number of pieces 469,356,883 Omitting newspapers and periodicals mailed free in their what amonTit . . of postage would respective counties of publication, and making no allow- have been reai- ance for the many cases in other classes where excess over single rates might occur, the amount of i)ostage that would have been realized on free matter mailed during the year ending June 30, 1893, if charged the same as private mat- ter, is as follows : 510 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENEEAL. Letters iu free penalty envelopes, 62,580,886 iiieces, at the minimum rate of 2 cents a letter $1, 251, 617 Official supplies of the nature of mercliandise now sent under penalty label, 34,342,824 pounds, at tlie fourth- class rate, 1 cent an ounce 5, 494, 851 Books and other printed matter, seeds, etc., now sent un- der frank, 5,336,203 pounds, at the third-class rate, 1 cent for every 2 ounces 426, 896 Total $7,173,364 This amount is about equal to the average deficiency in recent years, Pacific Eailroad credits included. PACIFIC RAILROAD CREDITS. The following table will show the amount certified to the Register of the Treasury, on account of the Pacific rail- roads : For year ending June 30 — 1890 $1,208,014.65 1891 1, 337, 422. 35 1892 1, 808, 216. 05 1893 1,627,422.11 1894 (accrued) 1, 639, 817. 13 1895 (estimated) 1,888,900.00 POST-OFFICE STATISTICS. From the report of the Fourth Assistant Postmaster- General it will be found that during ibhe year there were established 2,621 post-offices; a decrease of 1,484; discon- iDcreaso and tiuucd, 1,337, an iucrcasc of 19; number of Presidential post-offices.*^'^ ° post-offices, 3,360, an increase of 204; number of fourth- class offices, 65,043, an increase of 1,080; number of names and sites changed, 1,563. The greatest increase in the number of post-offices in any of the States for the year was 95, in Texas; Georgia, 90, and in North Carolina, 88. The largest increase for the previous year was 158, iu Pennsyl- vania. The greatest decrease was 22, in Nebraska. The total number of post-offices in the United States on June 30, 1893, AVi*« 68,403, an increase of 1,284 over the preceding year. • APPROVAL OF BONDS OF POSTMASTERS. Fonrtii Assist. ^^ ^^^^ '^^^ ^^ Congrcss of March 3, 1891, creating the ant I'ostmastei- Burcau of the Fourth Assistant Postmaster General, no General should ' maft"r"'b nT*^ provlsiou was made for the approval by that official of the bonds of i)ostmasters examined and filed in his Bureau. EEPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 511 These bonds are still approved by tlie First Assistant Post- ' master-General (wlio formerly made appointments of fourth- class postmasters), placing the Fourth Assistant Post- master-General in the position of being- responsible for the sufficiency of bonds approved by an official other than him- self. This is an oversight which 1 recommend be remedied by an amendment of the statute, authorizing the approval of said bonds by the Fourth Assistant Postmaster-General. The total amount of the penalties of the bonds at present on file amounts to about $127,000,000. ARRESTS FOR OFFENSES AGAINST THE POSTAL LATTS. During the year 1,181 persons were arrested for violation criminal sta- of the postal laws, and of these persons arrested 227 were postal employes, 65 postmasters, 50 assistant postmasters, 28 clerks in post-offices, 18 railway mail clerks, 27 letter- carriers, 20 mail- carriers, and 19 other emijloyes in other grades. When it is remembered that there are about 185,- 000 persons employed in the postal service, the percentage is very small; especially does this show the integrity of postmasters, inasmuch as out of the 08,403 postmasters but 65 were arrested. Of the cases determined, 380 re- sulted in conviction and 54 in acquittal. There were 228 arrests for burglary. SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR REWARDS. The total number of post offices burglarized during the last fiscal year was 1195, as against 1108 during the pre- vious year. There were 223 burglars arrested, an increase of 25. In view of the large and steady increase of this class of crimes, and of the fact that a moderate reward would do f o'^-^^rew^ards much toward bringing the criminals tojustice, I recommend ■'^^^^'i- that the Congress grant a special appropriation of $25,000 for the payment of rewards for the arrest and conviction of post-office burglars and other depredators of the mails. REGISTERED MAIL-MATTER LOSSES. Of the 5,546 comx^laints received pertaining to registered ^^^^^.^^ , ^^ ^^^ mail matter, 2,317 were for rifling or abstraction, and 2,708 r/gisteiea mail ' ' ° ' ' demonstrated. for complete loss of lettcis. Of the 3,923 complaints in- vestigated, in 2,577 there was no loss, and in 1,346 loss was found. There were 1,334 complaints made without cause. It is a practice with dishonest persons to register a letter, address it to a creditor, and then swear that the money alleged to have been inclosed had been abstracted in the 512 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. mails. As the total number of domestic registered articles during the year was 14,533,370, the comparatively few lost speaks well for the safety of the registered mail. ORDINARY MAIL LOSSES. Of the 58,860 complaints received of loss of ordinary mail matter, 31,377 were letters, and 27,523 packages, being an increase of 3,721 over the preceding year, but not incom- mensurate with the growth of the service. It was found that 5,959 comj)laints were without cause or loss. SPECIAL DEPREDATION CASES. There were, during the past fiscal year, 1,195 burglaries and 530 burnings of post-offices, 69 wrecks of i)ostal cars, and 37 stage robberies. There was an increase of 87 bur- glaries of post-offices over the preceding year, and this class of crime has steadily increased each year. There was no robbery of the mail on railway trains during the year, and 12 stage robberies less than last year. CIVIL SERVICE. service" Vmo^n g 1^ ^hc i^ost-officc establishment of the Government there postal empioyfes. r^pg j^q^ 28,324 employes in the classified civil service, to wit.: Post-Office Department 451 Letter-carriers 11, 625 Clerks in post-offices 9, 795 Railway mail clerks 6, 386 Post-office inspectors 67 Total 28,324 tem^dvxwatedT^ I havc long bccu a firm believer in the application of the merit system in the selection of employes for subordinate positions in the public service. Eight months of practical experience at the head of the Post-Oflfice Department tends strongly to confirm my belief in the beneficence of the civil- service law. Indeed, so great have become the proportions of this Department, and the magnitude of its operations, that, in my judgment, it would be a matter of practical im- possibility^ to conduct its aifairs with any near approach to its x>resent degree of efficiency without the benefit and protection of this law. At the close of your first administration you made an Ex- ecutive order bringing the employes of the Eailway Mail Service into the classified civil service. This order was, by its terms, to take efiect on March 15, 1880. Its operations REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 513 were suspended until May 1, 1889, and meanwliile more than one-third of all the emj^loyes in that branch of the service were displaced by new appointees, there being 1,932 changes in all. This action was the heaviest blow ever dealt the civil-service law, since the effect of it was to debar experienced clerks from the service and to protect in their positions a large number of new appointees a majority of whom were inexperienced. It is not to be wondered at that the employes thus sum- ^emovau in marily dismissed regarded the law itself as a hateful oh-^^'^'^.^y ^^'i •' ° Servicecom- struction to fair treatment and justice. This sentiment has mented on. recently been emphasized in the case of many who hoped for reinstatement upon discovering that the intervening four years have so far advanced their ages that now they are ineligible even for examination under the age limit. In this connection, however, it is to be observed that of the 1,932 persons appointed as I have stated about one-half were in the service on March 7th, 1893. At the time these wholesale removals were made the Eailway Mail Service had attained ahighstateof efficiency. The records of the department show that the number of pieces of mail matter correctly dispatched were to each error as 3,954 is to 1. The first year thereafter the ratio declined to 2,834 to 1. The service then being fully within the classified civil service, its efficiency gradually increased until, for the year ended June 30, 1893, it was 7,144 to 1. It is confidently believed that the current year will show a still greater increase. It would not be easy to find a more striking illustration of the value of the civil-service system. I arainfavorofthefurtherextensionof thecivil-servicelaw The civiiserv- ice system in the in the postal service, and Will very soon have some specific re- postal service ^ \. ^4- -^ ^- T^^i should be ex- quests to present for your consideration. If there were no tended. other or better reason for the rigid maintenance of this law than that hy means of it immunity is gained, to that extent, from the importunity for appointments in the public service, it would still be worth the while to continue it in force, although I hold that through continuous service in positions of this class efficiency is greatly enhanced. In this connection I may observe that much the greater portion of my time since I assumed charge of this department has been devoted to questions affecting the personnel of the service, rather than to the business of the service itself; and I have had it hap- pen that vigorous complaint has been made to me of an error in mail delivery by a gentleman who within a week had earnestly urged the appointment of a wholly inexperi- Ab. 93 33 514 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. enced inau to an importaut position in tlie postal service tliat involved technical knowledge of postal aifairs. If tlie service shall continne to grow in tlie future as in the past the time will soon come when it will be impossible for the Postmaster- General to attend both to the appoint- ment of postmasters and also to the bnsiness of the Post- Office Department. Any change in the present system, by extending the term of postnuisters of all classes, or by placing their selection with the people in the several local- ities, would be a welcome relief to the officers of the Post- Office Department, and i)lace the power of selection with the people, where it more properly belongs. FOURTH-CLASS POSTMASTERS. Term of fourth- During tlic year the rule has been established by the De- ters^'' ^'°^ '"^^ partment that postmasters of the fourth class will not be removed before the expiration of four years of incumbency, unless for cause shown. This rule, it is believed, dignifies the office, by placing it on a par withthe Presidential offices as to tenure. LARGER POST-OFFICES. In an earlier part of this report will be found the state- ment of the receipts of the ten larger i»ost-offices in the country. I would be glad if these offices could be placed in a class by themselves and the appropriations made for them by Congress direct and without the intervention of rules and methods as to allowances that are proi;)erly ap- X)licable to other post-offices. If, however, this suggestion should not meet with favor as to all the ten offices named, or even as to the first five, then, at least, I urge it for the two cities of New York and Chicago. Special recom- This rccommendation is not made for the reason alone Kew'^Yoik audt-l^'^t they are large cities, nor that the postal revenue Chicago. received largely exceeds the expenditures at each — and yet it should be a matter of national i)ride that our largest cities should have as good postal facilities as the largest cities of any other country in the world, which is not the case to-day — but at least as respects the cities of ISTew York and Chicago I feel that this recommendation should be adopted at once for the reason that upon the efficient management of those offices the efficiency of the whole i)ostal service of the coun- try largely depends. It is as collectors and distributors of what may be called the "world's through mail" that these offices render a service not at all measured by the local l)opulation served, or by the extent of revenue received, REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 515 and every faeility vshoiild be provided for tlie greatest possible dispatch at those points. Nearly all the mails to and from the other nations of the world are dispatched from or received at the New York office. A letter from an incoming steamer at New York delayed an hour at that point may fail of reaching the through train that would bring it to the Minnesota grain-buyer or Texas cotton merchant a day in advance of the usual course. A like delay might result in fiiilure to catch with the col- lected mail the earliest ship sailing for foreign ports. It will be seen therefore that the whole country is interested in securing the best possible service at this point. The greatest concentration of the railway mail service of the country is at Chicago. Hence its importance as a receiving and distributing point is greatly out of propor- tion to its postal revenues or the number of local patrons. It needs further special attention, also, by reason of its great expansion of territory and the number of post-offices now within the corporate limits, there being fifty-five in all. There should be no hesitancy therefore to make such direct and needful appropriations as will admit of bringing these offices up to the highest standard of efficiency. NEW DEPARTIMENT BUILDING. Attention has been called by several of my predecessors New building to the necessity of a new and more commodious building Department. for the Post-Office Dex)artment. The necessity is a grow- ing one, and already so urgent that I feel in duty boiind to again call attention to it in the hope that favorable legis- lation will ensue. The transactions of the Department are at present con- ducted in seven diiferent buildings, only one of which is owned by the Government, and that one is not only inade- quate but illy contrived for the needs of the Department. It is cut up into numerous small rooms, none too well venti- lated or lighted. I would recommend the construction of a modern, fire- proof office building, so located and constructed as to secure plenty of light and air, and with such distribution of space as would admit of bringing the clerks of each division, togetljer in large rooms. Such plan would aiford division chiefs better oversight of the work assigned them, and by relieving the clerks from the frequentinterruptious to which they are now subjected would greatly facilitate the work of the Department. It would be unnecessary to select an exjiensive parcel of land for 516 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. the locatiou of sucli structure, siuce its contiguity to otlier Department buildings would be a matter of indiiference. The present Post-OfQce Department building might per- haps be profitably assigned for the use of some portion of the Interior Department. The Government is now paying nearly $30,000 per annum in rentals, which would be saved if a building adequate to the needs of the Post-OfiQcc Department was constructed. THE BUSCH BUILDING. Safety of Buscii Tlic Busch buildiiig ou E street, between Seventh and bmldmg discuss- '^ ' ed. Eighth streets NW., is occupied by more than 250 clerks of the Sixth Auditor's Office. From its being overloaded with files and heavy iron file cases the building was regarded as in an unsafe condition, and caused much apprehension to the emi)loyes occupying it. Early in June last the Super- vising Architect of the Treasury was requested to investi- gate and report upon the condition of the building. Upon making his report he recommended that all the floors of the building should be supported by posts and girders from the basement to the upper floors. I immediately notified the lessors, the Anheuser-Busch Company, of St. Louis, Mo., as to the necessity of the changes in the building recommended by the Supervising Architect, but did not succeed in having the work done, the lessors contending that the building was sufficiently strong for the i)uriioses of an office building, but that it had been unduly overloaded with files, and they declined to remodel the building as suggested. On the 2Gth of June the Secre- tary of the Treasury submitted a supplemental report from the Supervising Architect, who suggested that if the work of strengthening the Busch building was not commenced immediately that as a measure of precaution all of the heavy files and cases not arranged against the walls be immediately removed from the building. Having no room in any of the buildings occupied by the Department in which to remove and store the accumulated tiles in the Busch building, and being satisfied of the neces- sity of their immediate removal, I assumed the responsibility, after consultation with the honorable the Secretary of the Treasury, to contract for the occupancy of a part of the basement of the Union building on G street, subject to the approval of Congress, at a rental of $2,000 per annum. Into this building I caused to be removed several hundred tons of stuif from the Busch building, and also a part of the accumulated files in the building on Eighth street, EEPOET OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL 517 knowu as the Annex, occupied by tlie money-order office of this Department. Immediately upon the removal of the flies from the Busch building I requested another inspection by the Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Mr. O'Eourke. He pronounced the building safe after it was unloaded, but renewed his recommendation for the strengtheuing of all of the floors to prepare for the loads of paper which naturally accumulate in the office of the Sixth Auditor. I again called ujion the Anheuser-Busch Company of St. Louis to make the repairs suggested, but they have declined to do this work, and at present the matter remains in abeyance. I do not regard the Busch building nor the Annex build- ing on Eighth street as well suited for the uses of the Department, and either of them may be rendered uusafe by beiug overloaded with a steady accumulation of papers which are necessary for the files of the offices located in them. I especially call attention to the Busch building, as • there was just ai)prehension as to its safety, which may be renewed by the steadj^ increase of the strain upon the floors and walls of the building. ORGANIZATION OF THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. I think that any business man assuming charge of the closer reia- Post-Office-Department feels the weakness of its organiza- the* DeplrtLfen" tion at one point, and that is in the relation of the heads ^"atted*^™^"^^'^* of the Department to its postmasters and other local offi- cers. There ape nearly 200,000 persons now employed by the Government in its postal service, and only in the Rail- way Mail Service is there any real attempt at organization. As a general in^oposition, it may be said that this great army is organized in comijanies, without regiments or brigades, so that the company captain makes his report to the general commanding officer; or, in railroad manage- ment, it would belike organizing a company with a presi- dent and four vice-presidents, but without superintendents, either general or local, the station agents making their reports directly to the one or the other of the general offi- cers. This is a strange anomaly, and is without parallel in any business institution that I have any knowledge of. Indeed, inspections of the service and reports thereon are rarely made or rendered unless upon complaint being lodged. This deficiency in the organization and lack of immediate supervision and control of the postal service has been keenly 518 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. felt, as I find on reading the reports of several of ray prede- cessors. Postmaster-G eneral Wauamaker adopted a county visitation scLeme witli good results, as lie reports. He also recommended the appointment of local officers to be in charge of certain geographical divisions of the country, piansugo-ested. ^^Y plaii would be in the line of these suggestions, although, as it seems to me now, a division into districts of States would be most convenient. I would have an officer superintending the jDOstal operations of each State. He should be expert in postal affairs, and should assist new postmasters on their assumption of office and instruct them in their duties. The post-office inspectors should cooperate with him in the detection of frauds and in the i)unishment of crimes against the postal laws. He should make fre- quent visitations to all the post-offices in the State, and report their condition to the proper officer of the Depart- ment in Washington. As his duties would consist largely, almost entirely in fact, of supervising the postal affairs and the work of postal officers, his position should be in the classified civil service. This system i)revails in Germany (and perhaps in other countries) where the local officers are called "postal direct- ors." I am not tenacious as to the name or title of this office, but I feel that the great gap in the organization, between tlie local officer and the heads of the Department, and omission of supervision is a serious matter, which needs to be remedied at once, and that the cost of this supervis- ion would be very slight compared with its benefits; indeed, I know of no direction in which a moderate exi)enditure could be made toward the advancement of the postal serv- ice, to so good advantage. POSTMASTERS. Postmasters Pcrhaps the most important departure taken by this De- timl^to^helr'di^partment during the year was the adoption of the rule that ^^^^- postmasters shall devote their time and attention to the duties of their ofiices. It was felt that the time had passed when a post-office appointment. could be held as a political sinecure. In other years it had been often so regarded, and the appointee found it convenient to make a sort of partnership arrangement with a deputy who should furnish the bond to the government and run the office upon a division of the emoluments, while the postmaster himself devoted his best energies to some other business, or, most likely, to political manipulation. It is confidently believed that under the new rule to which I have referred, Avhereby the postmasters themselves are expected to be at their REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 519 respective ].>osts of duty, the public service will be improved and causes of complaiut will^ in tbe near future, be appre- ciably lessened thereby. LOTTERIES AND FRAUDULENT SCHEMES. During the year the law respecting lotteries and fraud- ulent schemes has been rigidly enforced. Thirty -four "fraud" orders were issued j)rohibiting the delivering of mail matter to certain firms and parties, of which twenty- one were schemes carried on to defraud the iiublic, and thir- teen for running lotteries or like enterprises for the dis- tribution of money or property by chance. THE world's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION POST-OFFICE. By section 4 of the act of July 13, 1892, page 168, it was ^ Jj^^g^-lJ^' ^^t"^- enacted by the Congress of the United States, " That the Postmaster-General is hereby authorized to establish in tlje Government building, ux)on the ground of the World's Columbian Ex^wsition, a branch station of the Chicago, m., post-ofiQce; and there is hereby appropriated the sum of $40,000 for clerks, letter-carriers, and incidental expenses necessary to maintain the same, and a further sum of $23,000 for transportation of mails by railroad and mail messenger service, the branch office herein to begin not earlier than January 1, 1893." This station was established for the accommodation of the officers of the World's Columbian Exposition, and for those visiting the same, and was designed as a model post- Tiie station a office, complete in all its appointments, to exhibit in aetaiP^^'^'^P"'*"'®"'- the appliances, arrangements, and methods employed for the transaction of post-office business in the United States. The station was located in the United States Government building, with boxes, money-order and registered-letter, stamp, and general delivery windows, and as a part of it was a railway postal car. There were employed at this station during theExposition 36 clerks and 31 letter-carriers; and for the more conven- ient distribution of newspapers from the various States to the various State and Government buildings mail wagons were employed continuously. The amount of expenditures from the office of tbe First -Assistant Postmaster-General for this station to November 15, 1893, was as follows : Clerk hire $13, 334. 23 Letter- carriers 9, 556. 75 Furniture. 3, 591. 80 Miscellaneous 3, 131. 36 Making a total of 29,614.14 520 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER- GENERAL. There were also expended under this act of Congress for transportation of mails by railroad, and for mail-messenger service from the office of the Second Assistant Postmaster- General : Railway postal cars $5, 957. 66 Mail-messenger service 2, 672. 00 Railway post-office clerks 5, 248. 19 The expenditures under these authorizations will approximate 13, 877. 85 The following is a tabulated statement of the business transacted at the World's Columbian Exposition branch station, and a comi^arison of the same with the business transacted at the Centennial branch iDost-ofifice in 187G in Philadelphia, Pa. Comparative statement shoichig the husiness of the Centennial station, 1876, and of the World's Fair station, 1893. Comparison be- tween Centen- nial and World's Fair post-offices. First-class matter. Second, third, and fourth class matter. Registered mat- ter. Grand to- tal pieces of all Received. Dis- patched. Received. Dis- patched. Re- ceived. Dis- patched. kinds handled World's Fair station Centennial sta- tion 4,681,086 979, 000 6, 374, 922 1,231,706 2, 599, 230 576, 255 1, 493, 595 348, 911 12, 071 2,047 17, 409 2,255 15, 178, 313 3, 140, 174 Difference in favor of World's Fair sta- tion 3, 702, 086 5, 143, 216 2, 022, 975 1, 144, 684 10,024 15, 154 12, 038, 139 World's Fair station. Centennial station... Money orders issued. No. Amount. 12, 903 $22, 853, 531 3,6471 7,798,784 Difference in favor of World's Fair station. 9, 256 15, 054, 747 Money orders paid. * Total money orders handled. No. Amount. No. Amount 5, 264 $11, 322, 393 l,12lj 2,715,980 4,143 8,606,413 18, 167 $34, 175, 924 4,7681 10,514,764 13, 399 23, 661, 160 * These figures include postal note transactions. TOTALS OF MAIL MATTER HANDLED. pifplt JoniTe°i -^^^ ^^^^ ^^ *^® transactions of the World's Fair post-office t^^«^^;^j.d'«rairuiay be gathered from the fact that a total of 15,178,313 pieces of mail matter were handled during the six months of its existence. Of these, G,^15,409 were domestic letters; 153,958 foreign letters; 1,493,395 newspapers, circulars, and parcels; 17,409 registered letters; 5,555 special-delivery letters, or an aggregate of 7,885,920 pieces received for dis- tribution and dispatch. There were received for distribu- tion and delivery 4,681,086 letters; 2,599,230 newspapers, REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 521 circulars, and parcels; 12,071 registered letters, or an aggre- gate of 7,292,387. FINANCIAL STATEMENT. Tlie total gross receipts of the World's Fair post-office ^^it^s^fin^anc^fi^ amoimted to $61,388.62, an average of $10,731 per month, l^^o^f^'jfjfy^^ equal to the postal business of a city of 80,000 inhabit- auts. ants. The total expenditures amounted to $29,614.14, showing the total net receipts to be $34,774.48. world's fair MONEY-ORDER FIGURES. A very heavy mouey-order and postal note business was transacted, as is shown from the following figures : Total Money order number of money orders issued, 11,078 ; postal notes, 1,825; ^"gin^gg.* money orders paid, 3,865; postal notes, 1,399; total trans- actions, 18,167; total fees collected, $1,836.21. Total amount domestic money orders issued, $158,658.87; international money orders issued, $66,058.91; postal notes issued, $3,817.53; aggregate amount of domestic and international money orders and postal notes issued, $228,535.31. Total amount of domestic money orders paid, $108,047.96; international money orders paid, $2,258.34; i)Ostal notes paid, $2,917.63; aggregate domestic and international money orders and postal notes paid, $113,223.93. •CONSTRUCTION AND COjMPOSITION OF THE EXHIBIT. The post-office itself was so constructed and arranged as Tbe peat office to be open to public inspection. A postal car of full size, ^^^i^^*- adjoining the post-office, and manned by postal clerks engaged in sorting the mails, stood in full view of visitors. Models of modern and ancient ocean steamships and of inland river mail steamboats. Concord stage coaches, city delivery, collectioii, and mail-messenger wagons, snow- sledge drawn by dogs and used to carry the mails, with uniformed model of Indian driver on snowshoes; uniformed model of special-delivery messenger on bicycle, uniformed models of letter-carriers and postal clerks, j)ost-marking and canceling instruments and machines, mail-bags, mail locks, street letter-boxes, post-route maps, and, amongst other things, a large and unique collection of accumulations at the dead-letter office. The exhibit was designed to illustrate, in a practical way, the development and pres- ent condition of the postal service. A further important addition to the exhibits of this Gov- ernment consisted of a large and valuable collection of 522 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. * postal articles farnislied by many other countries included ■witliiu the Universal Postal Union, in compliance with an invitation to i)articipate in the x>ostal display of this country. These articles were separately grouped and, CoQtribntions asidc from their general interest, they contributed much of from foreign ,- ^ i • n- t ,-, conntries. practical value m aiiording the means of examining and contrasting our postal system with those of other nations. The Department is under especial obligation not only for the great courtesy with which its invitation was received and acted upon abroad, but also for the donation of many of the articles comprised in the foreign exhibits. We are under similar obligations to many of our own citizens who, with commendable public sjiirit, gave sub- stantial aid in making up the large collection of postal articles tending to illustrate the postal service of this country. Some valuable articles, originally loaned, were donated at the close of the exposition, and these articles, togetlier with others acquired by j)urchase and contributed by foreign countries, will go far toward the establishment of the postal museum which has been in contemplation by the Department for some time. The effectiveness of the display and the public interest in the postal service were well attested by the great throng of visitors constantly surrounding the exhibits. The appropriation of $19,000 for the exhibit proper will, I am assured, cover all expenditures to date, and be more than adequate to cover the cost of returning the exhibits and closing up the work. In this connection, it is a cnrious coincidence that the past year, besides being the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus, was practically the centennial of the postal service under the Government of the Constitution of the United States,J:he several temporary acts of Congress from 1789, for the management of the post, having been merged by the act of May 8, 1794, establishing a general postal system without any limitation as to its duration. The improvement in the methods of mail transportation was well shown among the exhibits at the Exposition by a contrast of the primitive horseback rider and the dog team and its Indian driver with the modern fast ocean mail steamship and the finely apx)ointed traveling railway jiostal car. A striking illustration of the growth of the country, and of the place where the Exposition was held, was fur- nished by two pictures hung side by side, the one showing • REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 523 the first post-office in Chicago, less than sixty years ago, and the other the present post-office bnikling in that city. The former represents a small hamlet of log huts on the Growtii of the '- '^ postal service in prairie by the shore of Lake Michigan, with a group of loo years. pioneers and Indians in the foreground, and the latter, an immeiise structure which, though erected only a few years since, is already far too small to properly conduct the business of the second city of postal importance in the countrj^, with a postal revenue during the fiscal year 1893 of $4,072,018. Even more striking contrasts tending in the same direc- tion are furnished by the statistics of the Department as to the general service. In 1793 the number of post-offices in the country was only 209 ; now the number in operation is 68,403; then the extent of the post routes was 5,642 miles, with 845,468 miles of mail service performed annu- ally; now the length of the various kinds of post routes is 453,832.83 miles, on which 381,499,085.75 miles of service were performed during the fiscal year 1893. The estimated number of pieces of matter carried in the mails in 1793 was less than two million, and in 1893 it was upwards of five thousand million pieces. The gross expenditure of the Department in 1793 amounted to $72,039; for 1893 it was $81,074,104.90. For 1793 the postal revenue was $104,746; for the fiscal year 1893 it amounted to $75,893,933.16. In 1793 the charges for postage were graduated upon a comidicated scale of distances, the rate on letters consisting of a single sheet of paper ranging from 6 cents for not ex- ceeding 30 miles, to 25 cents for more than 450 miles. For double letters double rates, and for triple letters triple rates were charged. Every packet weighing 1 ounce was charged at the rate of four single letters, and in that pro- portion for greater weights. At that time, therefore, a letter weighing 1 ounce, transported by mail half the distance from New York to Chicago, was subject to a charge of $1. At the present time the rate of postage on domestic letters is uniform at 2 cents an ounce for all distances. In 1793 the charge on newspapers conveyed by mail was 1 cent each for any distance not more than 100 miles, and for greater distances 1^ cents. Now the charge for news- papers and other regular publications sent by mail to sub- scribers is 1 cent per pound, with free circulation in the county of publication. Nearly 150,000 tons of such mat- ter were carried through the mails in 1893. A very largo 524 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. sliare of tlie matter making up tlie present bulk of tlie mails was not mailable in 1793. Sucli is the testimony in brief, of the postal figures and facts, to the wonderful progress of tlie country during the past century. In conclusion, I am prompted by no mere formality, but by a sense of justice to attest the fidelity and zeal witli which the officers, clerks, and employes of this Department have devoted themselves to the work of the Government. I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant, W. S. BiSSELL, Fostmaster- General. The President. PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. KEPORT OF THE FIRST ASSISTANT POSTMASTER GENERAL. Post-Office Department, Office of the First Assistant Postmaster-General, Washington, D. C, November 9, 1893. Sir : In makiDg report of the operations of this office for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, it may be proper to remark that more than ten months of the year had ehxpsed before I assnmed charge thereof. I shall therefore furnish only a resame of the work performed, with snch recommendations as it seems proper for me to make to meet the growing demands of the i)ostal service. The organization of the office consists of six divisions, designated, respectively, as follows: Division of Salaries and Allowances, Division of Free Delivery, Division of Post-Office Supplies, Money-Order Sys- tem, Dead Letter Office, Division of Correspondence. POSTAL STATIONS. The establishment of stations, or branch post offices, in connection with the larger post-offices, and the consideration of papers and corre- spondence in connection therewith, was assigned to the salary and allowance division April 22,1891. The establishment of postal stations previous to April 22, 1891, was under the immediate charge of the super- intendent of the free delivery system. Postal stations or branch post-offices are established, on proper appli- cation, at centers of population or business, at points more or less distant from the main post-office, in order to provide more convenient postal facilities for the public. The stations usually afford money-order and registry facilities and stamp supplies, while many of the larger stations have direct mail and letter-carrier service. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, 31 new stations were established and 7 stations discontinued, making a net increase ft^r the the fiscal year of 24 stations. The total number of stations established June 30, 1893, was 424, of which number 124 were located in premises leased by the Government. 525 526 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE PEEE-DELIVERY SYSTEM. A proper review of tbe free delivery system suggests the division of time that has elapsed siiic& its establishment, into three periods, the first extending from July 1, 18G3, to Jnly 1, 1879, during which the service was under the operation of the original law enacted March 3, 1863, amended June 8, 1872; the second from July 1, 1879, to July 1, 1887, during which it was under the operation of the law enacted Feb- ruary 21, 1879, providing for the establishment of the service at any town having a population of not less than 20,000 within its corporate limits, and at any post-office providing a gross revenue for the preceding fiscal year of not less than $20,000; the third from July 1, 1887, until the ijresent time, during which the service has been subject to the pro- visions of the law last enacted, viz, of January 3, 1887, authorizing the establishment of the service in any town having a population of 10,000 within its corporate limits, and at any post-ofi&ce yielding a gross annual revenue of not less than $10,000. The two statistical tables which are here subjoined, covering the first two periods, are self-explanatory, and with them I dismiss the further consideration of the earlier history of the service. First period — 1863 to 1S79, inclusive. Tear. No. of offices. In- crease. No. of car- riers. Per cent in- crease. Gross receipts.* Per cent in- crease. Cost of service. Per cent in- crease. Per cent cost to gross re- ceipts. Eatio of cost per carrier. 1863-'64 66 45 46 47 48 48 51 52 52 52 87 87 87 87 87 88 "'35' i 685 757 863 943 1,198 1,246 1,362 1,419 1,443 1,498 2,049 2,495 2,269 2,265 2,275 2,359 $317, 063. 20 448, 664. 51 589, 236. 41 C99, 934. 34 995, 934. 59 1,183,915.31 1, 230, 079. 85 1, 353, 923, 23 1, 385, 965. 76 1,422,495.48 1, 802, 696. 41 1,880,041.99 1, 981, 186. 51 1, 893, 619, 85 1,824,166.96 1, 947, 706. 61 $462. 86 592 68 1864-'65 1865-'66 682. 77 1866-'67 742. 24 18C7-'C8 ;;:;::;:::::: 831.33 176S-'69 950 17 1869-'70 903 14 1S70-'71.... 954. 14 1871-'72 970. 43 1872-'73 949 59 1873-'74 879 79 1874 -'75 856 51 ]875-'7G 873. 15 1876-77 836. 03 1877-'78 1878-'79 0.45 3.68 $12, 117, 820. 24 13, 066, 470. 76 "'7.'8" '"'e.'o' 15.05 14.90 801.84 825. 69 ^Previous to 1877 the gross receipts of f roedelivery post-offices were not reported separately by the auditor; therefore it is impossible to give the annual receipts for that i^eriod, Second period — 1879 to 1887, inclusive. Tear. No. of offices. In- crease. No. of car- riers. Per cent in- crease. Gross receipts. Per cent in- crease. Cost of service. Per cent in- crease. Per cent cost to gross re- coijits. Katio of cost per carrier. 1879-'80 1880-'81 1881-'82 1882-'83 1883- \S4 18'*4-'85 1885-'8fi 1880-'87 104 109 112 L54 159 178 181 189 16 5 3 42 5 19 3 8 2,628 2,861 3,115 3, C80 3,890 4,358 4,841 5,310 13.9 6.4 8.8 18.1 5.7 12.0 11.0 9.6 $15, 082, 166. 65 16, 887, 086. 23 19,414,772.80 22,317,499.94 21,. 590, 020.08 21,940,169.42 22, 629, 826. 66 25, 014, 385. 30 15.4 11.9 14.9 14.9 *3. 2 ' 1.6 3.1 10.5 $2, 363, 693. 14 2,499,911.54 2, 623, 262. 74 3, 173, 336. 51 3, ,504, 206. 52 3, 985, 952. 55 4, 312, 306. 70 4, 018, 692. 07 21.4 5.7 4.9 20.9 10.4 13.4 9.0 6.7 15.66 13.61 13.51 14.21 16.22 18.15 19.05 18.46 $879. 31 873. 78 842. 45 862. 31 891.82 914. 62 890. 58 869. 82 * Decrease— reduction of letter postage from three cents to two cents. EEPORT OF THE POSTI\L\STEE-GENERAL. 527 The third period brings us down to the present time, and is worthy of a more detailed examination. The following table shows the rapid strides that the service has made since the fiscal year 1887-'88, during which it was extended to towns of 10,000 inhabitants, and to post-offices each yielding a gross annual revenue of $10,000. Third 2)eriod—lSS7 to 1893, incliislre. Per No. of Per Per Per cent Ratio Tear. No. of In- cent Gross cent Cost of serv- cent cost to of cost offices. crease. riers. in- receipts. in- ice. in- gross per crease. ci-ease. crease. re- earner. ceipts. 1887-'88 358 169 6,346 19.3 $29, 459, 943. 33 13.7 $5, 422, 356. 36 17.4 18.40 $854.45 1888-'89 401 43 8,257 30.1 32, 20G, 493. 72 9.3 6,957,941.90 28.3 21.60 842. 67 1889-'90 454 53 9,066 9.7 36, 648, 000. 49 13.8 7, 976, 202. 72 14.6 21.21 879. 79 1890-91 519 65 10, 130 11.7 40, 405, 386. 28 10.2 9, 072, 160. 31 13.7 22.47 895. 57 1891-'92 568 49 10, 737 5.8 .44,031,728.77 9.0 9, 966, 892. 67 9.9 22. 63 928. 27 1892-93 610 42 ]11, 625 8.2 48, 444, 363. 83 10.0 10, 6S3, 575. 26 7.0 22.05 919. 01 This table shows the number of offices in operation each year; the increase from year to year; the number of carriers employed, and the percentage of annual increase; the amount of gross receipts yielded by the free delivery offices, and the i)ercentage of yearly increase; the total annual cost of the service and the percentage of increase from year to year; also the percentage of the annual cost of the ser\ice to the annual gross receipts; also the cost of the service i)er carriers employed. The large increase in the number of offices and a correspondingly large increase in the number of carriers in 1887-'SS, were due, of course, to the effect of the law enacted January 3, 1887, providing for the ex- tension of the service. The very large increase in the number of carriers in 1888-'89 was caused by the enforcement of the so-called " eight-hour law," enacted May 24, 1888, " limiting the hours that letter-carriers in cities shall be employed." Ux) to August 1, 1888, the beginning of the practical en- forcement of the law, letter-carriers were obliged to work from nine to eleven hours per day. During the year 1888-'89 the service was reor.- ganized to com^ily with the act of May 24, 1888. Cities were redis- tricted and new schedules provided to enable carriers to cover their respective routes within the prescribed limit of time. This reorganiza- tion necessitated the appointment of a large number of additional car- riers, increasing the force on this account alone at least 15 per cent, and causing a correspondingly large increase in the appropriation for that year. Since then and down to and including the fiscal year just closed the service has gradually advanced, the per centage of increase in the number of offices and carriers keeping pace with the ratio of increase in the annual gross receipts and the annual cost of the service. NEW OFFICES. On July 1, 1892, there were in operation 568 free delivery offices During the year the service was established in the following towns: AslitabTila, Ohio. Attleboro, Mass. Austin, 111. Baton Konge, La. Belfast, Me. Bellcfontaine, Ohio. Braddock, Pa. Bristol, Tenu. Bucyrus, Ohio. Chillicothe, Mo. Danville, Pa. Decorah, Iowa. 528 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Escauaba, Micli. Manitowoc, Wis. Pertli Amboy, N. J. Greenfield, Mass. Mason City, Iowa. Peru, Ind. Greenville, Miss. Media, Pa. Pha'uix, Ariz. Gntlirie, Okla. Michigan, City, Ind. Port Chester, N. Y. Independence, Iowa. Middleboro, Mass. Shelhyville, Ind. Ironwood, Mich. Mitchell, S. Dak. Stevens Point, Wis. Laramie, Wyo. Newark, N. Y. Troy, Ohio. Laredo, Tex. New Rochelle, N. Y. Watertowu, Wis. Leominster, Mass. New Whatcom, Wash. AVaterville, Mc. Louisiana, Mo. Oklahoma, Okla. Yankton, S. Dak. makiug a grand total of 610 free- delivery offices in operation on Jnne 30, 1893. On June 30 there were 56 offices entitled under the law to the estab- lishment of the service, 32 of which have made application and have complied with all of the requirements of the regulations. The report of the Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, shows that by reason of the gross receipts 37 additional offices are entitled to the service, making a total of 93, Under ordinary circumstances and with an adequate appropri- ation, the service could be extended to these towns; but the inuffi- cient appropriation for free delivery for the current fiscal year, based upon the unexplained reduction, by the Post-Oflfice Department, of the estimate of the First Assistant Postmaster-General, as appears on page 30, of this report, prevents the making of the expenditures that the extension of the service to even one of the 93 offices would require. EXPERIMEJJTAL FREE DELIVERY. The experiment of free delivery iu towns and villages has been given a practical test, extending over a period of two and a half years. In 46 towns and villages, ranging in population from 800 to 4,000 inliab- itants, the system has been in operation for two full years. At first its establishment was received by many with satisfaction and delight, and great results were predicted. It was certainly a novelty, and as long as it remained so, and every resident of the village had his mail deliv- ered by the carrier, the service not only seemed to prove of real bene- fit to the patrons of the local post-oflfice, but resulted in an apparent Increase in the postal receipts. The gross receipts of many of these post-offices showed temporary increases, and, in some, a part, at least, of the increase in the volume of mail could be plausibly attributed to the effect of the free-delivery service. But soon the novelty wore off and the resident of the village again found it more convenient to call at the village post-ofiice to get his mail. The annual increase in the postal receipts and in the volume of mail soon settled down to a mod- erate ratio, the result of natural growth, and the extension of the fiee- delivery service to towns and vilUiges throughout the country, involving an annual expense of at least $10,000,000, is not justifiable. In contemplating an innovation of this kind, involving so great an expense, the demands of the business puplic and the benefits to the people should alone control. It should not be extended merely because the free delivery in cities is maintained at the expense of the general public. In the judgment of this office the experimental free delivery should be suspended at the close of the current year. RURAL FREE DELIVERY. In the appropriation bill for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, Congress provided $10,000 to be used, at the discretion of the Postmaster- REPOET OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 529 Genera], in testing the feasibility of establishing a system of free deliv- ery in rural districts. It has been impossible, up to this time, to give the subject of rural free delivery the study and consideration that it necessarily requires, much less to put it into actual operation. This is due in the first place to the fact that the time and energy of the free delivery division has been, and is now, entirely taken up with the problem of properly main- taining, with a deficient appropriation, the free- delivery service in the cities in which it is now established, and in declining the requests for and deferring the establishment of the free-delivery service in the 93 towns that are entitled to it under the law enacted Jauuarj^ 3, 1887. Secondly, the amount of the appropriation for this particular experiment is not at all sufficient to provide thorough and reliable tests. The conditions in different sections vary so, that a test made in and favorable to one particular locality would prove unsatisfactory if attempted in any other. For instance, a plan that might be efficient in a thickly-settled rural district in ^ew England, with its good pikes and stone roads, would not be at all practicable in certain parts of Ohio, in which the farmers are scattered and the roads during certain seasons of the year practically imj^yassable. Another illustration can be found in a comparison between the States of !New York and Mississippi. A free-delivery system that would prove satisfactory to the residents of a fruit-raising and gardening district of New York State, requiring quick and frequent communication with the markets, would have to be operated on very different lines from a sys- tem that would meet the requirements of a plantation section of Missis- sippi, where the population is scattered. It must, therefore, be conceded that, in order to give the rural free-delivery system a fair and thorough trial, tests would have to be made in many localities, differing, necessa- rily, in density of population, topography, class of interests, and condition of highways and thoroughfares. To do this would require a much larger appropriation than that provided. To attempt it with an inadequate appropriation would simply result in a Avaste of money and a loss of time. It would require an approimation of at least 820,000,000 to inaug- urate a system of rural free delivery throughout the country. It is the policy of this administration to extend the postal service on reasonable and economical lines, and to establish post-oflices wherever communities are justified in asking for them, thereby properly, ade- quately, and more economically meeting the requirements of postal extension than by establishing rural free delivery at so great an expense to the people. NUMBER OF DOMESTIC MONEY-ORDER OFFICES. It is the practice of the Department to extend money-order facilities to all post-offices at which the compensation of the postmasters amounts to $200 or more per annum, additional offices being established at tlie commencement of each quarterly period. In pursuance of this policy there have been added during the past fiscal year 0,401 offices to the 12,069 money-order offices which were -'n operation on June 30, 1892, and 3G have been discontinued, makin^.'- the number of such offices on June 30, 1893, 18,434. NUMBER OF POSTAL-NOTE OFFICES. Under the act of January 3, 1887, the Postmaster-General may authorize the issue (but not the i)aymeut) of postal notes at small post- Ab. 93 34 530 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE offices wliicli arc not of sufficient importance to be made money order oftices. To distinguisli them from money-order offices, all of which both issue and pay postal notes, the offices authorized under the act mentioned to issue such notes are called postal-note offices. To the 717 such offices in operation on June 30, 1892, there have been added during- the past fiscal year 131, and 137 have been discontinued, making 711 in operation on June 30, 1893. Of the number discon- tinued, however, 100 were made money-order offices, and as such are authorized both to issue and pay postal notes as well as money orders. NUMBEU OF INTERNATIONAL MONEY-OKDEU OFFICES. On June 30, 1892, there were 2,224 money-order offices authorized to transact international money-order business; to this number 195 were added during* the last fiscal year, and 12 were discontinued, leaving 2,407 such oiiices in operation June 30, 1893. ISSUES AND PAYMENTS OF DOMESTIC MONEY ORDERS. The number of domestic luouev orders issued during the year was 13,309,735, amounting to '. $127, 576, 433. G5 And the numher of such orders paid during the same period was 13,235,032, of the value of $126, 865, 2.57. 69 And the number repaid was 90,110, amounting to . . 832, 124. 01 Making the total araoimt of payments and repayments 127, 697, 381. 70 And the excess of payments and repayments over issues... . . 120,948.05 The gross amount of fees received by postmasters fi"om the jiublic for the issue of domestic money orders was 1, 120, 171. 32 Comparison with the figures of the preceding year shows an increase in the number of orders issued of 1,240,293, or 10.28 jier cent; in the numbers of orders paid of 1,283,384, or 10.74 per cent; and in the num- ber of orders repaid of 4,498, or 5.25 per cent. There was also an increase in the amount of orders issued of $7,509,032.58, or G.25 per cent; of $7,547,157.08, or G.33 per cent, in the amount of orders paid, and of $28,470.43, or 3.54 per cent, in the amount of orders repaid. The average amount of the orders issued was about 69.59, or 35 cents less than the average of the year ended June 30, 1892. Tlie average fee received was 8.42 cents, being 0.16 of a cent less than the average fee received in the preceding year. ISSUES AND PAYMENTS OF POSTAL NOTES. The number of postal notes issued during the year was 7,753,210, aggregating in amount $12, 903, 076. 73 The number of notes paid during the same period was 7,741,423, amounting to 12, 914, 674. 30 The excess in the amount of payments over issues being . — . 11, 597. 57 The total amount of fees received from the public (inchiding fees received for dui)licates of invalid notes) was 233, 414. 19 The above figures by comparison with those of the previous year show : (1) An increase of 703,170, or 9.97 per cent, in the number of postal notes issued, and of 729,933, or 10.41 per cent, in the number paid. (2) An increase of $1,007,311.22, or 8.47 per cent, in the amount of postal notes issued, and of $1,043,281.04, or 8.79 per cent, in the amount of notes paid. (3) An increase of $21,557.94, or 10.18 jier cent, in the gross amount of fees received. The average amount of the postal notes issued was $1.60, or 2 cents less than the average amount of the notes issued the previous year. REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 531 THE INTERN ATIONAL MONKY-OKDER BUSINESS. lu pursunnce of the provisions of conventious concluded for that purpose, copies of wliicli are hereto appended, a direct exchange of money orders with the British colonies of Bermuda and South Australia commenced on January 1, 1893, prior to which date money-order busi- ness with those colonies was conducted by an indirect exchange through Great Britain. A convention for the exchange of money orders Avith the Eepublic of Salvador went into oi^eratiou on July 1, 1893. A copy thereof is hereto attached. A direct exchange of money orders between the United States and the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg commenced on January 1, 1893. Pre- vious to that date the money-order business with Luxemburg was transacted through the intermediary agency of the German Postal Administration, to which an extra fee for such services was paid. A cop3' of the agreement with Luxemburg is hereto attached. Negotia- tions are still pending for the establishment of a direct exchange of money orders between tliis country and the British Colony of Hong- kong (China) and the Eepublic ot Ecuador (South America). STATISTICS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MONEV-ORDER BUSINESS. The following tabular statements exhibitthe number andamount of the money-order transactions of the last fiscal year with each of thirty-one foreign countries, the first table giving in detail the number and amount of orders of different nationalities issued, paid and repaid in the United States and the amount of fees received for orders issued therein. The second table contains a comparison of the figures of last year with those of the previous year, showing the amount of increase or decrease iu the business with each of the several countries. Xationalit}-. Canarlian Erilisli Geiiuan Swiss Italian Preiich Jaiuaioan New Zealand , Now South Wales. . . Victorian Belgian Portuguese Swedish Tasniauian AVindward Islands.. Japanese Cape Colony Hawaiian Queensland Leeward Islands Norwegian Netherlands .... Danish Newfoundland Bahamas Trinidad and Tobago Austro-Hungarian .. Lvixomburg . . > British Guiana- Total Orders issued. Number. Amount. 105. 876 440. 507 242, 170 IS, S5G 40. 250 26, 483 330 716 797 661 7,748 7.j9 71, 001 44 563 2,639 106 436 153 261 27, 069 4, 905 12. 257 2,159 97 80 39, 929 63 84 1, $1. 662. 5, 740; 3,447, 330. 304, 412. ■')> IC, 21, 17, 153, n, ,407, 0, 87, ]. 10, 4. 3, 620, 56, 217, 39, 1, 1, 746, o 1, 891. 40 592. 87 171. 95 600. 06 370. 73 872. 87 087. 70 021.23 3(;o. 52 502.91 411.67 234. 28 584. 93 523. 85 555. 96 612.32 994. 41 718.61 120.75 651. 35 262.41 536. 09 811.09 247. 87 505. 03 404. 03 662. 43 263. 28 249. 57 Orders paid. Number. Amount. 1, 0.55, 999 16, 341, 837. 86 144, 193 65, 765 44, 422 3, 468 1,944 6, 208 2,071 2, 256 1,579 1,426 1,681 ;i9 3, 826 239 1, 095 899 620 2,902 624 992 1,566 1, 827 2, 025 2,855 325 492 5,286 13 279 300, 917 $1,470, 970, 1, 584, 100, 63, 127, 32, 26, 27, 'M. 175, 2, 31, 13, 8. 33, 7, 55, 47. 31, 66, 96, 4, 8, 210, 1, 2, 066. 28 799. 88 273. 59 997. 77 647. 68 623. 15 060. 97 497. 88 107. 81 121.81 203. 72 497. 74 256. 22 093. 27 773. 19 717. 54 422. 23 377. 24 889. 46 186. 43 761. 85 966. 64 765. 75 860. 20 184. 41 377. 31 017. 07 014. 05 724. 50 5,283,375.70 Orders repaid. Num- ber. 634 964 772 73 118 240 9 11 11 12 24 10 98 3 7 7 1 5 2 Amount. $7, 498. 78 11,755.12 10, 229. 73 1, 219. 68 3, 133. 76 3, 197. 21 188. 48 279. 96 177. 94 196. 94 457. 38 118.60 1, 618. 56 12. 24 39. 52 116.05 12.01 105. 65 29.48 24 361.95 20 266. 10 28 318.58 4 60.00 1 10.00 185 2, 672. 56 1 30.00 3,264 44, 106. 28 Amount of lees received. 1, $20, 880. 20 74, 103. 25 43, 806. 40 3. 895. 25 13. 870. 05 5,181.75 02. 70 185. 10 239. 00 196. 80 762. 50 154. 60 16,540.20 7.50 117. 40 942. 10 23.70 124. 40 45.80 46.90 7, 060. 60 802. 70 2, 630. 30 446. 60 19.40 17.00 9, 039. 80 23.90 15.40 202, 281. 30 Note. — The business done -with the British Colonies of the Bermudas and South Australia since the beginning, on January 1, 1893, of a direct exchange of money orders between those countries and the United States is included in the figures showing the money-order transactions with Great Britain in the above table. 532 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Country. Canada -. Great Britain Germany Switzerland Italy France Jamaica Now Zealand...'. Xew South Wales Victoria Belgium Portugal Sweden Tasmania "Windward Islands . . . Japan Ca])c Colony Hawaii Queensland Leeward Islands Norway jSTetherlaids Denmark Newfoundland Bahamas Trinidad ar.d Tobago. Austria-Hungary Amount of increase or decrease as com- pared with 1891- '92. In orders issued. $128, 635. 281, 277. 203,819. * 401. 695. 13. 335. •to, 307. 432. 2, 19G. GS3. 1,153. 32, 278. * 18, 402. 158, 527. *1, 0G5. 1. 427 20, 292. 759 3,975 *461. 1,107, 48, 053, 3, 173, 29, 538, 2, 536, 179, 1. 283, 604, 703 In orders paid. ■$11,526.46 3, 794. 02 75, 134. 37 ► 145, 004. 08 * 6, 960. 82 11,317.60 10, 909. 06 6, .348. 74 " 2, 587. 12 3, 433. 10 14, 197. 20 * 8, 746. 37 21, 427. 17 *856. 42 *65, 4.58. 90 *5, 857. 51 601.11 ^3. 445. 70 *188. 28 *10, 483. 62 *4,611. 00 *2,387.11 2, 307. 22 33, 242. 03 *769. 75 8, 144. 94 189, 443. 05 In fees received. $1,714.40 3, 828. 10 2, 330. 25 * 5, 001. 00 96. 75 484. 35 2.60 24.20 * 5. 20 9. 20 370. 95 * 200. 20 1,946. J. 5 *10. 80 18. 50 218. 90 7.40 40.20 *6. 00 15. 00 567. 90 39. 55 336. 30 26.80 3.30 15. 70 8, 045. 10 * Decrease. Each amount not marked with an asterisk (*) represents an increase. Luxemburg exchange did not go into operation until January 1, 1893. British Guiana exchange did not go into oijeration until October 1, 1892. As compared with the transactions of the previous year there was an increase in the number of international orders issued of 72,523, or 7.37 per cent, and iu the amount of international orders issued of $1,221,500.31, or 8.08 per centj also an increase of 13,503, or 4.05 per cent, in the number of international orders paid and repaid, and an increase of $91,091.83, or 1.80 per cent, in the amount of international orders paid and repaid. The fees received for international orders issued exceeded by $11,958 the fees received during the year ended June 30, 1892, an increase of 7.99 percent. The average fee received was 19.16 cents, being .12 of a cent more than the average fee received during the pre- ceding year. The average amount of the international orders issued was $15.-18, as against $15.37 for the previous year. The total volume of international money-order business, as repre- sented by the issues, payments, and repayments of international money orders, showed an increase in the number of such transactions of 86,020, or 6.75 per cent, and in the amount thereof of $1,315,661.14, or 0.46 percent. The total value of money orders issued in the United States for pay- ment in European countries exceeds largely the amountof orders issued in. those countries for payment here, and the balances against the United States resulting from this exchange of international money orders are paid by means of bills of exchange purchased from reliable banking houses in New York City offering the lowest rates on the days whcii purcliasesare made. The total amount paid during the last fiscal year for bills of exchange bought for this purpose was $11,278,996.62. The remittances received by this Department during the same iieriod from the postal administrations of foreign countries in settlement of balances dne by them on money-order account was $294,903.97 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 533 DUPLICATE MONEY ORDERS AND POSTAi, NOTES. Duplicate money orders are issued by the Department, in pursuance of tlie provisions of law, in case of tlie loss or destruction of the orig- inals, and wlien the latter are not paid within one year from the date of their issue, or bear more than one indorsement. Duplicates are likewise issued in favor of the remitters of money orders which were drawn payable to persons or concerns conducting schemes which the Postmaster-General, under authority of section 4041 of the Revised Statutes, has pronounced fraudulent. Table B, of the appendix, shows the number of duplicate domestic orders issued during the last fiscal year for each of the various reasons above mentioned, the total number being 29,024, or 2,176 more than the number issued in the previous year. Duplicate postal notes are issued upon return of the originals in lieu of notes which have not been paid within a period of three months from the last day of the month of issue. The number of duplicate postal notes issued was 9,310, an increase of 878, Duplicates in lieu of lost international money orders were issued by this office during the year to the number of 1,305, beiug 90 more than in the previous year. (See Table C in the Appendix.) Authorizations were issued during the year for the repayment to remitters in foreign countries of 2,434 international money orders, and 3,510 authorizations were granted to postmasters in tliis country for the repayment of international orders issued in the United States. DRAFTS AND TRANSFERS. To provide against delay in the payment of money orders at offices at which the amount of issues exceeds the payments, the postmaster is required to transfer from the postage funds, and when these are insufficient or unavailable, drafts on the postmaster a't New York City are furnished by this office to the postmaster upon proper application therefor; and where it is found that the payments continuously, or fre- quently, exceed the receipts, a letter of credit with the postmaster at Xew York, subject to renewal from time to time, as it becomes exhausted, and a supply of blank drafts, are furnished to the postmaster. The total amount of the drafts paid by the postmaster at New York during the year was $12,960,737.07. Occasionally it is found convenient to transfer sums of money-order funds to the postal account. Notice of every transfer is sent to the Department and an account thereof is kept. All transfers from the I)Ostal funds are repaid by this office by the deposit of an equivalent sum from the money-order funds with the United States Assistant Tieasiu^er at New York to the credit of the Treasurer of the United for the service of the Post Office Department. Such deposits are made as soon as practicable after the close of each quarter, upon receipt of a statement from the Auditor of the balance found to be due by the money order to the postal account. The following statement, furnished bj^ the Auditor, shows the total amounts transferred to and from the money-order account during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893 : Amount transferred to money-order account $1, 485, 044. 07 Balance due postal account June 30, 1892 246, 846. 59 1, 731, 890. G6 Amount transferred from money-order account 691, 719. 60 Balance due postal account June 30, 1893 1, 040, 171. 0.6 534 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Of this biiliiuce due postal account $88,850.33 ^yas deposited on July 21, 1893, to tlie credit of tlic Treasurer of the United States for the service of the Post-Office Department. IIEMITTANCES OF SURPLUS MOXEY-ORDEU FUNDS. The workinii' capital of the nioneyorder system is made up of funds which accrue from uupaid moiiey orders and postal notes, and all sur- plus funds, that is to say, funds which are not at once required at the receiving ofiices for the payment of money orders and postal notes, must he daily remitted, except when the amount is less than -$50, to some other post-ofiice designated as a depositarj^ for such funds, there to be used, if necessary, in the transaction of money-order business, and if not required, to be again sent to some other depositary, until eventually the actual surplus reaches the postmaster at New York. The total amount of such remittances made during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, was $118,324,280.11. LOST REMITTANCES, ETC. There were referred to the Assistant Atforney- General for the Post- Ofiice Department for adjudication under the ijrovisions of the acts of March 17, 1882, and May 9, 1888, by which the Postmaster-General is empowered toalh^w postmasters credit for losses of money-order funds in transit, or otherwise, when incurred through no fault or negligence on their part, 180 cases of such alleged loss, being 10 less than the pre- vious year. In 117 of the cases the claims of the postmasters amount- ingto $9,732.10 were allowed; in 38, amounting to $2,518.13, the claims were disallowed; and the remaining 25 cases, involving $1,081.09, were withdrawn, it having been ascertained after the filing of the claim that no loss actually occurred. ERRONEOUS PAYMENTS OF MONEY ORDERS.' One hundred and sixty-six claims for reimbursement on account of the alleged improper i^ayiaent of money orders were referred to the Department for investigation during the year, amounting to $2,723.58. Of this number 53 orders, of the value of $003.01, were found upon investigation to have been properly paid. The value of 21 orders, amounting to $483.51, was recovered from the persons to whom pay- ment had been improperly made. In 37 cases, in which the orders amounted to $002, the paying postmasters or clerks, for failure to exer- cise due precaution in the^ pajanent of the orders, were required to make the amount good to the true payees. In the case of 3 orders, amount- ing to $45.25, the payees, on account of contributory negligence, were held to be responsible for and required to bear the loss. In c ases, aggregating in amount $240, the Department assumed the loss. The remaining 40 cases, amounting in all to $749.18, were undergoing investigation by post-office inspectors at the close of the year. During the last fiscal year only 07 orders were actually paid or repaid to the wrong persons. In oilier words, only one wrong payment occurred out of every 203,423 of the payments and repayments of domestic and international money orders made within that year. ******* DEAD-LETTER OFFICE. ******* The number of ineces of original dead mail matter sent to the Dead- Letter Office for treatment during the year was 7,131,027, an increase of 349,847 pieces, or a little more than 5 per cent over the receipts of REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL; 535 tlie pievioiis year. It is believed tliat tliis increase in dead mail matter will be found to be muoli less tliau the ratio of increase in the number of pieces consigned to the mails for transmission during the same period. * * * * * * . * The whole number of pieces of mail matter, including those on hand from the previous year, treated in the Dead-Letter Office was 7,320,038. Of this number 5,408,945 were ordinary unclaimed letters; 204,445 were addressed to hotels; 218,180 were returned from foreign countries; 50,941 were addressed to initials only, to fictitious persons, or fraudu- lent firms, and were, therefore, undeliverable ; 7,10G were domestic reg- istered ; 633,957 were of foreign origin, and 182,050 were ordinary letters, without iuclosures, which had been returned to the writers, but failing of delivery were again sent to the Dead-Letter Ofiice for final dispo- sition. Of the letters classed as unmailable, 1,144 contained articles not transmissible in the mails ; 91,234 were either entirely unpaid or prepaid less than one fnll rate, 2 cents, as required by law, and were held for postage; 400,832 were misdirected or only partially addressed; 35,918 were without any address whatever, and 2,040 were classed as miscel- laneous. There were also 83,246 parcels of third and fourth class matter received. Of the letters and parcels opened and recorded, 29,017 contained money amounting to ^42,064.33; 30,496 contained drafts, notes, money orders, etc., with a face value of $2,298,688.12; 3,804 contained postal notes, value $5,418.45; 40,840 contained paid notes, receipts, legal and otherpapers of a miscellaneous character; 37,735 containM photographs; 100,129 contained postage stamps ; 83,246 contained articles of merchan- dise, boohs, etc., and 5,964,581 were without separate inclosures and were returned to the writers, when practicable; otherwise, destroyed without record. There were restored to owners 17,510 letters containing $29,231.08; 28,088 containing drafts, notes, monev orders, etc., with face value of $2,156,243.97; 3,485 postal note letters, value $4,948.26; 35,614 con- taining miscellaneous papers; 28,008 containing merchandise, books, etc. ; 27,599 containing photographs; 146,555 containing postage stamps, and 1,639,000 without separate inclosures of value, the remainder being either not returnable or in i^rocess of restoration. DIVISION OF CORRESPONDENCE. The duties ajDpertaining to this division consist chiefly of answering the miscellaneous correspondence received from postmasters and the public, not expressly belonging to other divisions. The questions submitted generally involve a proper construction of the postal laws and regulations with reference to the duties of post- masters in the management of their offices, and to the rights and privi- leges of individuals under the i)ostal system. x^mong the most important questions coming before this division are those of the right of certain individuals or business firms to receive mail matter addressed to other individuals or firms; the delivery of mail addressed to minors, pensioners, deceased persons, and others; violation of the franking i:)rivilege; the use of the United States pen- alty envelope, and many others of like important nature. 536 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE To tills division is also assigned tlie correspondence arising under the ' provisions of the act of Congress approved Marcli 2, 1889, concerning- "green goods" or alleged "counterfeit money," under which tlie Post- master-General may — Upon pvulence satisfactory to him that any person is using any fictitious, false, or assumed name, title, or address, in conducting, promoting, or carrying on, or assisting tliercin, l)y means of the i)ost-ottice establishment of the United States, any business sclieme or device in violation of the provisions of this act, instruct any liostmaster at any post-oftice at which such letters, cards, or packets addressed to such fictitious, false, or assumed name or address arrive, to notify the party claiming or receiving such letters, cards, or packets, to appear at the post-ofiice to he identified; and, if the party so notified fail to appear and be identified, or if it shall satisfactorily appear that such letters, cards, or packets are addressed to a fictitious, false, or assumed name or address, such letters, postal cards, or packets shall be forwarded to the Dead-Letter Oflice as fictitious matter. In pursuance of the authority above quoted tlie Department lias, since the passage of the act, instructed postmasters to require identifi- cation before making delivery of mail directed to 1,401 different names and addresses, that is, names adopted by "green goods" dealers under which to conduct their unlawful business. The manner in which the business is conducted so as to be profitable to the said dealers is so well known that I need not refer to it here. So vigorously have the provisions of the act been carried out that the "green goods" dealers do not now undertake to receive replies to their circulars through the mails, but avail themselves entirely of the facilities afforded them by telegraph companies to make appointments with persons who may desire to purchase their goods. Thousands of sealed circulars are mailed monthly, addressed to persons whose names and addresses have been obtained from various sources; and, so well known are the circu- lars when mailed at the larger offices in quantities that the Department has authorized the stamping upon the envelopes thereof a warning to the addresses in the following terms: OFFICIAL NOTICE. The i)ersou receiving tliis letter is warned against swindlers, who falsely pretended to deal in counterfeit money. If this letter relates to that subject hand it to post- master, who -will forward" to P. O. De'pt., Div. of Corresiioudence, Washington, D. C. Very respectfully, Hon. W. S. BissELL, Postmaster- General. Frank H. Jones, First Assistant Postmaster-General. KEPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 537 EEPOKT OF THE SECOND ASSISTANT POSTIVIASTER- GENERAL. POST-OFFICE Department, Office of Second Assistant Postmaster-General, Washington, 1). C, Xovemher 6, 1893. Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the ofQcfe of the Second Assistant Postmaster-General for the year ended June 30, 1893 : mail service in general. The annual rate of expenditure for mail transportation on June 30, 1893, was— For 18,659 star routes, aggregating 249,859.05 miles in length $5, 758, 819. 83i For 136 steamboat routes, aggregating 11,261.18 miles in Icjigth 433, 070. 8S For 2,529 railroad routes, aggregating 166,952.37 miles in length ... 25, 716, 605. 85 For 216 railway post-office car routes, aggregating 35,152.91 miles in length 3,193,589.45 For 6,615 rail\vay post-office clerhs 6, 733, 410. 00 For 7,295 mail-messenger routes, aggregating 5,726.52 miles in length 1, 223, 411. 21 For 2,212 special-office" routes, aggregating 20,030.31 miles in length. 41, 338. 99 For mail equipments - 301, 137. 18 For necessary and special facilities 196, 614. 16 Total inland mail service $43, 597, 997. 55g For foreign mail service: Aggregate cost $1, 380, 904. 65 Less for intermediary service to foreign countries 180, 087. 98 1, 200, 816. 67 Total inland mail service $44, 798, 814. 22§ Siimmari/ of all classes of inland mall service in operalion June SO, ISOS. Number of routes 30, 831 Length of routes miles. . 453, 832. 83 Annual rate of expenditure $43, 597, 997. 55^ Number of nules traveled per annum 381, 499, 085. 75 Rate of cost Y>er mile traveled cents.. 11. 42 Rate of cost per mile of length $96. 06 Average number of trips per week 8. 08 Comparison with the report for June 30, 1892, shows: Per cent. Increase in routes number.. 989 ^3. 31 Increase in length of routes miles.. 6,241.90 =1. 39 Increase in thelmnual rate of expenditure $2, 262, 025. 30?, ==5. 47 Increase in distance traveled per annum miles. . 18. 411, 390.74 =5. 07 Increase in rate of cost per mile traveled of 4 one-hundredths of a cent, equal to 0. 35 Increase in the rate of cost per jnile of length $3. 71 —4. 01 Increase in the aA'erage number of trips per week of 28 one- hundredths, equal to 3. 58 Number of contracts drawn in duiilicato during the year 7, 270 Increase over the preceding year of 669 Proposals received during the year under the general advertisement 75, 362 Under the bulletin advertisement 15, 548 Total 90,910 rip tP IT w ■»•■ '-^ 538 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE STAR SEHYICK AXD ITS METHODS. * lu the carriage of tlie star-route mails our aim lias been to acquire celerity, certainty, and security, coupled with an increase in frequency as rapidly as the extent of tlie mails would warrant it. This policy during the past year has resulted in an increase both in the number of routes and in the frequency of the trips, added to an advance in the character of the service itself. The miscellaneous advertisement, which was formerly issued in the siniug, was discontinued last year, and all new service that becanui necessary — not included in the general advertisement — Avas estab- lished, from time to time, by means of the bulletin advertisement under the act of July 26, 1892, to which reference was made in my last report. Thus a great deal of new service, which before the passage of that act was necessarily deferred until the beginning of the following fiscal year, has since then been promptly provided as the occasion for it arose, to the greater satisfaction of the public, at the same time facili- tating the work of this office. In my last report the views of the bureau concerning the true policy of the Department in the acquiring of improved star service were very fully explained J and it is in place to note here that, following iji the course heretofore outlined, it is believed there has been an improvement in this most important branch of the postal transportation service, and the continuance of the existing methods will surely result in making the service more and more efficient. Eenewed thought has been given to the suggestion, so often made, that professional bidding be interdicted; and my judgment becomes stronger that to abolish professional trafficking in mail contracting would lead to the building up of a system of local combination and corruption that v^ould be far more iniquitous than can possibly arise from professional bidding, provided the statutes and regulations already applying to star contracting are rigidly enforced. It is a fact that there are many features of the present system which are objectionable; never- theless, it is possible to reduce to a minimum these faults, and to dis- ])ose of dishonest professionals by a strict enforcement of the laws. There should be no willingness to compromise with defaulting contract- ors; and as contractors and their sureties get to understand that l)lausible excuses and the i^ressure of influential fi"iends will not be entertained they will be brought to realize that the carriage of mails is a sacred trust, and that a contract entered into is something more than a game of chance, and trifling with it means pecuniary loss and perhaps imprisonment. It is within the power of the Department to accomplish a fairly good star-mail service simidy by the rigid enforcement of the terms specified in the body of every contract that is executed; and I hold that it ought not to be released from the execution of every such stipulation. The communities to be served have a right to the service stipulated for, and sentiment should have no part in the transactions between the Department and contractors. If the star service is any better now than it was a, year ago, as I confidently believe it to be, its improvement can be attributed mainly to ihe fiict that contractors are realizing that their failures will not be passed upon slightingly. During the past year there came to my notice certain transactions on the part of a class of unprincipled specnlatiA'e contractors in con- nection with their dealings with their subcontractors, which impressed me with the necessity of taking further action for the protection of subcontractors for carrying the mails. The act of May 17, 1878, pro- vides for the subletting of mail service, and makes it the duty of the contractors to file their subcontracts in this office in order that pay- REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 539 ments maybe made by the Department directly to the subcontractors. In a great many cases, however, no subcontracts Avere filed, the Depart- ment would have no knowledge that any existed, payments would be made by the Department to the contractor, and he would use the money for his own ])urposes and fail or refuse to pay his subcontractor. Such dishonest practices can not be too severely condemned. They are not only a disgrace to the contractor, but bring the Department itself into disrepute in the minds of the subcontractors. A great nmny complaints reached thi-s office and every effort in its power was made to secure to the subcontractors the money which they had earned. If they had copies of their subcontracts in their possession, which they could file in this office, orders were made for their payment out of any money that might be due the contractor, as provided by the lien law of May 4, 1882, but if no copy of the subcontract was held by the subcontractor, or if there was no money to the credit of the con- tractor in the hands of the Department, it was impossible to afford the subcontractor relief. Believing that this evil could be remedied by a strict enforcement of the act of May 17, 1878, I decided to serve notice on all contractors that before settlements would be made with them in the future they must file their subcontract in every case, or satisfy this office that none had been executed. ******* MEKCHAJSTDISE TRAXSPORTATIOX TUROUCxII THE :\IAILS. It is not improper, in connection with the consideration of the esti- mates and increased cost of mail transportation by railroad carriers, to dwell for a moment on the desire, in some sections of the country, that there should be a consolidation of classes 3 and 4 so as to admit of the application of the rate of 1 cent for 2 ounces, or 8 cents per pound, to merchandise, instead of 1 cent for 1 ounce, or IG cents per ponnd. I believe the action of the last Congress in declining to sanction this consolidation and rednction was wise, for the reason that it would have added greatly to the cost of conducting transportation without a cor- responding gain to the public. In this country the ordinary mails have grown so rapidly, and the reaching out into new settlements with the mail service is so impor- tant, that it has been found very difficult to give material considera- tion to the transportation of more than a very limited extent of mer- chandise mail matter. The less we have had to pravide for the less difficult it has been to maintain, efficiently, the rest of the service. If it should be deemed best, however, to enlarge upon this class of service, it is essential that some years advance notice be given the Department to lorepare its equipment, and to arrange for the additional railroad car space and the changes that will become necessary to ena- ble star and messenger contractors to provide for the carriage of the increased quantities of matter Avith celerity, certainty, and security; otherwise all the mail service is liable, for a time, to be crippled. To enlarge upon the merchandise feature of the mail service involves new and stronger equipment and brings with it an additional cost for every form of transportation we employ, without, in my judgment, iDromoting <'orresponding advantages. ******* Tours resx)ectfully, J. Lo"\AT?iE Bell, Second Assistant Fostmaster-Ucneral. Hon. Wilson S. Bissell, Postmaster- General. 540 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE REPOET OF THE GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT OF RAIL- WAY MAIL SERVICE. Post-Office Department, Office of the General Superintendent Railway Mail Service, Washington, B. C, October 23, 1893. Sir: I have laiicli pleasure in transmitting' lierewitli statements, tables, and exhibits, showing in detail the work i)erformed by and the condition of this service during' the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893; also in inviting your attention to certain recommendations fbr the bet- terment of the service and the improvement of the condition of those employed in it, and trust they may meet with your approval and earn- est support. EXTENT OF THE SERVICE. At the close of the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, the mails were being carried on 106,952.37 miles of railroad in thelJnited States. Postal clerks were employed in the distribution of the mails on 140,066.24, service on the residue, namely, 20,280.13 miles, having been i)erformed by means of closed pouches carried by lines upon which iiostal clerks had not been assigned to duty. EQUIPMENT OF RAIL'SVAY^ POST-OFFICE LINES. The rolling stock of railway post-office lines consisted of 545 whole cars in use and 141 in reserve, 1,844 apartment cars in use and 529 in reserve, making a total of 3,059 cars under the control of the Depart- ment. EXTENT OF THE RAILWAY' MAIL SERVICE AND FORCE EMPLOYED. On the 30th of June, 1893, there were 1,116 railway post-ofiice lines in operation. These lines covered 140,600.24 miles of railroad, upon which 0,082 postal clerks were emiiloyed in the distribution of mails. In addition thereto, there were 36 steamboat lines, u])on which 45 regular and 2 acting clerks were employed, making a total of 6,129 clerks per- forming duty. Those at work on railroad lines traveled, m crews, 152,979,607 miles; those employed on steamboat lines, 1,752,062; these together received, handled, and distributed 9,772,075,810 pieces of mail matter in transit, exclusive of 440,449,409 pieces which were redistributed and prepared for immediate city delivery. They also received, receipted for, recorded, and properly dispatched 10,487,241 registered packages and cases and 1 ,302,400 through registered poaches and inner registered sacks. To the 102,570.04 miles of railroad service in operation July 1, 1892, 4,370.33 of new service were added during the fiscal year covered by this report, being an increase of 2.09 per cent. The lines npou which clerks were em^^loyed increased 2,583.11 miles, or 1.80 per cent. The mileage of closed-pouch lines increased from 18,492.91 on June 30, 1892, to 20,280.13 on June 30, 1893, being- an increase of 1,793.22, or 9.10 i)er cent. The annual mileage of this class of service on June 30, 1892, was 21,309,285, and on the corresponding date 1893, 23,413,901, an increase of 2,044,010, or 9.52 per cent. The number of pouches of REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 541 closed mails excliauged daily increased from 20,741 to 23,880, being an increase of 3,139, or 15,13 per cent. On June 30, 1892, there were 0,417 clerks in the service, and on the same date of 1893 there were 6,645, an increase of 228, or 3.55 per cent. The number of clerks at work on railroad lines increased from 5,801 ou June 30, 1892, to 6,082 on June 30, 1893, and the annual distance traveled in crews from 147,571,944 to 152,979,007 miles, an increase of 216 clerks and 5,407,663 miles traveled. The number of clerks emploved on steamboat lines decreased from 48 on June 30, 1892, to 45 on June 30, 1893. The entire clerical force of the service was assigned to duty as shown in the following table: Fiscal year ended June 30— Employed on railroad lines. Employed ou steam- boat lines. Detailed to trans- fer duty. Detailed to office duty. Tot.al. ' 1893 C, 082 5, 86t *45 *48 267 2G2 251 246 6,645 1892 6,417 221 ts 5 5 223 * Exclusive of twe * * * ( ) acting clei * 30NCLUS ks. * ION. t Decrease, « It is gratifying to state and to know that the records justify the statement that the railway mnil service is in better condition to-day than it has been at any time since its organization. In equipment, in the efticiency of its employes, in the facilities, help, and storage accom- modations furnished by carriers, and in the moral and physical quali- ties of its clerks it has reached a point of excellence which was con- templated, but never realized, in the past. There is still much room for improvement, ^particularly in increasing the frequency of service by clerks upon lines that have outgrown the i^reseut service and the establishment of railway post-office service on lines that are at present dependent upon closed-pouch service, which does not permit quick interchange between intermediate iwst-offices. There is also great need of increased space on many lines now carrying more mails than can be properly and pro;nptly distributed in apartment cars. Much can be done to better these conditions during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, if the ai)propriations asked for herein are granted, but if the estimates are cut down to any considerable extent it will be necessary to bend our efforts and resources in the direction of main- taining the present service. ******* Very respectfully, Hon. J. LowEiE Bell, Second Assistant Foi Ja^ies E. White, General Superintendent. tmaster -General. 542 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE O eepoet of the thied assistant postmaster- ge:n"ekal. Post Office Depart^ient, Office of the Third Assistant Post^iaster-General, Washington, D. C, Oetoher 25, 1S03. Sir: I liavc tlie lionor to submit the followiug statements, with the appended tables aud other papers, as the report of this office for the year ending June 30, 1893: financial statement. The postal revenues for the year, and the total actual expenditures, - are as follows: Ordinary postal rcveuue, consisting of— Letter postage paid in money (made up principally of balances due from foreign postal administrations) $72, 305. 81 Box rents 2,492,336.60 Fines and penalties 22, 347. 08 Sales of postage stami)s, stamped envelopes, newspaper wrap- pers, and postal cards 72, 359, 213. 59 Receipts from unclaimed dead letters 12, 537. 57 Miscellaneous receipts 24, 127. 12 Total ordinary postal revenue .■ 74, 982, 867. 77 Receipts from money-order business 914, C65. 39 Total revenue from all sources 75, 896, 933. 16 Exiicnditures : Actual amount of expenditures for the service of the year end- ing June 30, 1893 (this amount includes all expenditures made on account of the year up to three months after its close) 81, 074, 101. 90 Excess of expenditures over receipts 5, 177, 171. 74 If the amounts earned during the year for transporting the mails by the subsidized Pacific Railroad companies, which amounts, instead of being actually paid by the Post-Oftice Department, have been ciirtifted, under the requirements of the law, to the Secretary of the Treasury for credit in favor of these companies in their accounts with the Government, were added to the above, the total of these certifications being -,. 1, 617, 84.5. 83 The deficit in the postal revenue would be 6, 795, 017. 57 Aud if to this there were added the outstanding liabilities on account of the service of the vear, the estimated amount of these liabilities being -- : 471,212.09 The aggregate postal deficiency would be 7, 2G6, 229. 66 ]Srot taking into account the outstanding liabilities or the earnings of the subsidized Pacific railroads, the following comparisons with the statistics of the year ending June 30, 1892, are presented: Total receipts for 1892 $70, 930, 475. 98 Total receipts for 1893 75, 896, 933. 16 Increase for 1893 4, 966, 457. 18 Per cent of increase : 7. 00 Total expenditures for 1892 $76, 323, 762. 29 Total expenditures for 1893 81, 074, 104. 90 Increase for 1893 4, 750, 342. 61 Per cent of increase 6. 22 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 543 Total deficieucv for 1892 $5,393,286.31 Total dcticienc'y for 1893 5, 177, 171. 74 Decrease for 1893 216, 1U.57 Per ceut of decrease 4. 17 * * « * *- *^* DEAD-LETTER FUND. The money taken from dead' letters for \rliicli no owners could be found, and that realized from the auction sale of unclaimed articles accumulated in the Dead-Letter Office, aggregated 813,894.92. This money was disposed of as follows, viz : Amount received $13, 894. 92 Amoimt iu current funds deposited in the Treasury at Wasli- ingtou, D. C $13, 547. 72 Amount realized from the sale of foreign and uucurrent funds l)y the postmaster at New York and deposited with the assistant treasurer at New York. 314. 79 Total amount deposited 13, 862. 51 Amount of loss sustained from sale of uucurrent funds, from counterfeits, and from mutilated minor coin 32. 41 13,894.92 Note. — The report of the Auditor states the receipts from dead letters for the year to have been $12,537.57, or $1,357.35 less than that shown above, as tlie total amount deposited. This arises from the fact that the Auditor includes in his statement the receipts from October'l, 1892, to July 31, 1893, while the report above covers the receipts for the year ending June 30, 1893. SPECIAL-DELRT3RY SYSTEM. The statistics of special-delivery business during the year are shown in the following" statements: First. The total number of pieces of matter received for special delivery at all the letter-carrier offices was 2,8G9,370, of which 2,219,277 were transmitted tlnough the mails from x>lace to place and 650,093 were local or drop letters. Second. The total number of these pieces delivered by special- delivery messengers was 2,715,800, or nearly95percent,leaving 153,570 as the number delivered by letter-carriers or other salaried employes, including such x)ieces as it was found impossible to deliver specially. Third. The average number of special- deliver}- messengers emploj'ed at the letter-carrier offices was 1,495. Fourth. The average time consumed at letter-carrier offices in the delivery of si)ecial-delivery matter after it reached the respective offices of destination was riineteeu minutes. From the foregoing figures, and from the report of the Sixth Audi- tor, the following statement is made up, showing the special-delivery business for the whole country: Total special-delivery ijieoes actually delivered on which messengers' fees were paid 3, 207, 409 Number of pieces delivered by salaried emxiloyds on which no fees were paid or that failed of special delivery 168, 284 Aggregate of special-delivery pieces 3, 375, 693 Percentage of increase on business of the previous year 21. 9 Amount of siiecial-delivery stamjis used on matter received $337, 569. 30 Amount of compensation to messengers 256, 592. 71 Profit to the Government on special-delivery business 80, 976. 59 544 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE The growtli of tlie special-delivery service annually is sliown by the following statement: lucrcase in — Per cent. 1887 24.0 1888 17. 7 1889 11.9 im) 10.2 18Stl 23.2 18i)2 21.4 1893 t 21.9 Special-delivery statistics from all the free delivery offices for the year will be found in Table No. 17, ai)peuded to this report. ******* Yours, very respectfully, Kerr Craige, Third Assistant Fostmaster- General, Hon. Wilson S. Bissell, Fostmaster- General. RE POUT OF THE FOURTH ASSISTANT POSTMASTER- GENERAL. POST-OFFICE Department, Office Fourth Assistant Postmaster-General, Washington, D. C, Kovemher 1, 1803: Sir: I have the honor to invite your attention to the following state- ment of the operations of this Bureau for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893. The divisions at present assigned to the Bureau are those of ap- pointments, bonds and commissions, and post-ofiice inspectors and mail depredations; and the report outlines to a large extent their work under my immediate predecessor. ******* The following tables give a complete record of the operations of the division: operations of the appointment division. Post-offices established and discontinued, j^ostniastcrs appointed, and the increase or de- crease as compared with the previous year. Post-offices. Postofticcs established during the year . Postoflicps discontinued diiiJug the year Whole number ol'postofiicea Kct increase over i)reviou8 year K umber of Presidential ofhccs Number of fourth-class offices June 30- 1892. 4,105 1,31S 67, 119 2, 790 3, 15G G3, 963 1893. Increase. Decrease. 2, 621 1.337 68, 403 1,284 3, 360 65, 043 19 1,284 204 1,080 1,484 1,51'6 REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENEKAL. 545 Post-offices estabJislted and disconlinued, 2}0stmasiers appoinicd, etc. — Continued. APPOINTMENTS DUKING THK YEAH. Appointments. On resign.ations and expirations of terms. On removals On ollicis bocoming Presidential On deaths of postmasters On establislimentsof post-offices Total Jnne 30, 1892. 7,248 1,205 235 801 4, 105 la, 594 1893. 9, 151 3, 661 208 597 2,621 16, 238 Increase. 1,903 2.456 4,359 Decrease. 27 201 1,484 1,715 Total appointments during the year 16, 28 Total offices discontinued I '-^'l Number of names and sites changed 1,503 Total cases acted upon 1 :i, 1 ::8 ******* In twelve of tlie States there are 100 or more Presidential offices, as follows : New York 282 Pennsylvania 245 Illinois 236 Iowa - 180 Ohio 180 Massaclinsetts 1G8 Michigan 160 Kansas Texas Missouri ■. Indiana Wisconsin , 124 124 122 118 111 Of the above, Xew York has 12 offices of the first class; Pennsyl- vania, 10; Illinois, 7; Iowa, 7; Ohio, 8; Massachusetts, 10; Michigan, 1; Kansas, 3; Texas, 6; Missouri, 3; Indiana, 5, and Wiscoubiu, 3. 4» * * # * * * There was 5,54G comxilaints received by this office of matters per- taining" to the registered mail, 5,378 of which were referred to ins]iec- tors for investigation and 108 were treated by this division directly. Of these complaints 5,546 were l)ased upon registered letters or fiist- class matter and 229 upon packages, third and fourth class matter; 2,317 of the complaints were of rifling or abstraction of the contents of the letter or package, and 2,708 were of absolute loss of letter or packet and contents; 140 reports of registered-package envelopes received without the corresponding letter or packet were noted; 07 complaints were of detention; 157 were of delivery to the wrong person or to some person other than the addresses; 44 were of tampering without actual loss; 19 were of carelessness of some employe named; 33 were of im- proper dispatches, and Gl complaints were not classified. The number of complaints received is 483 less than were received last year. This is of itself a pleasing thing to note, as it indicates that the registry service has been better than last year, that there have been fewer accidents in which loss to registered mail occniTcd, and that the fidelity of the per- sons handling it has been greater, for there can be no question that the public is just as ready to complain, and the amount of business done by the registry system has not fallen oft". Therefore the conclusion is inevitable that tlie service has been better. Of the complaints received 3,023 have been investigated. In 2,577 of the cases no loss was found to have occurred, and in 1,34G cases loss was found to have resulted. In the former class 1,334 complaints were found to have been made without cause, as the articles alleged to have been lost were ascertained to have been delivered without loss* Eight cases of improper addresses and o8 of imxuoper dispatch caused the com- Ab. 93 35 546 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE plaints. Three liniidrcd and eiglity-oiie complaints were tr.iccd to tlie carelessnes of postal employes, wliowere duly admonished and AYavned against a repetition of their negligence. In these eases no loss occnrred to anyone concerned. One case of unavoidable delay was reported, but no loss resulted. Thirty-five complaints were improperly made of lost or missing registered matter. It was found that articles in these cases were sent in the ordinary mail or not mailed at all. One hundred and fifty-nine cases of complaint in Avhich no loss occurred were unclassified. It is curious to note the cases of rifling reported. Six hundred and twenty-one of these were investigated, and in 547 of them the claim of rifling was found to have been falsely made; either the contents (if inclosed) were received, or else the inclosure was admitted to have been left out of the article registered. In 74 cases the rifling was found not to Imve taken place while, the article registered was in the custody ot the postal service. # * * * * , * * Ot the ],34G cases in which loss was ascertained to have occurred and the complaints to have been well founded, 502 are traceable to the dishonesty and carelessness of postal employes, and 784 to causes out- side the service. It is to be regretted that any losses should be due to the delinquencies of the persons who handle registered mail and who should be above reproach, but, as has been remarked already, we can not get perfection in any class of employes. Small salaries, long hours, and the feeling that the loss Avill not be felt are temptations that seem irresistible to many. In 75 cases where losses occurred, the amount involved was voluntarily made good to the loser by the person at fault, Avithout the intervention of the Department. In 214 cases the loss was found to have occurred by the accidental breaking of the envelope ot tlie letter or packet, and the inclosure, geuerally coin or merchandise, to have escaped and became loose in the mail bag, and to have been subserpiently forwarded to the Dead Letter Office. Upon being traced into that Office and properly identified, they were returned to the right- ful owners. In 403 cases the amounts lost were recovered either from dishonest persons, or, under disciplinary rules of the Department, were collected from the parties responsible for the loss, and the losers reim- bursed. Thus actual loss, where no recovery could be made or Avhen no trace of the article lost could be found, was ascertained to have occurred in only 654 cases. ******* ORDINARY CASES. The great bulk of the work of the Post-OfSce Department, and that part of it which comes nearest every patron, is the handling of the ordinary (unregistered) mail. It is this which is used by everybody, great and small, old and young, rich and poor, the busy and the idle. Each wants his or her letters to go safely and speedily to their desti- nation, and the standard of the Department is so to contrive that nothing intrusted to its care for transmission shall be lost or even delayed. Anything short of this indicates bad and faulty service. It is hoped that this Avill be borne in mind by the public. Should irregu- larities occur it is hoped that they will be reported at once to the nearest iiostnmster or post-office inspector, or to the chief post-office inspector, in oidcr that they may be inquired into and the proper rem- edy apitlied. If the remedy is not in this office the matter will at once be bronght to the attention of that branch of the Department immedi- • ately charged with matters of that cliaracter. Unless complaints are received tlie only conclusion can be that everything is going well. REPORT OF THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 647 Tliere Avere 58,SG0 complaints received duriiii>- tlie year relating to the ordinary mail. Tliese Avere I'eports of missing- letters and packages. Of tlie former, 31,337 were reported, and of the latter 27,523. This is 3,721 more than "vrere received last year, but the number is not incom- mensurate with the growth of the service; 25,230 of the letters were stated to have contained inclosures of value, and 0,107 made no report of inclosures. It was found that in 5,959 of tlie complaints there had been no loss or no cause for complaint. ]\rany letters are misdirected or not addressed at all, many are only jiartially addressed, so that they can not be sent forward to their destination, and this gives rise to com- plaints. AVhile the Department is doing its best for its patrons it is only just and proper to request of the patrons due care on their part to avoid mistakes. Another matter to which attention has often been directed, not only by this ofiice but by the Dead-Letter Ofiice and the Ivailway Mail Service, is the proper preparing of packages for the mail. It is hard usage to which they will be subjected of necessity, and too great care can not be given to tying and wrapping parcels for transit in the mails. Broken boxes and torn wrappers witliout contents or address and the yearly sales of unidentified matter testify to the fact that greater heed should be given to this caution. The tabulated state- ment of complaints received will appear annexed hereto as Exhibit E. ******* Very respectfully, E. A. Maxwell, Fourth Assistant Postmaster- General. The Postmaster-General. IlEF»ORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Depaet:vie::^t of the Inter ioEj Washington, D. C, November 55, 1803. Sm: I have tlie honor to i^resent the following snnimaiy of the busi- ness transacted by the Interior Department during the fiscal year ending June 30 last, together with a brief reference to some of the more important events which have occurred since that time. To the jurisdiction of this Department is assigned Public Lands, Indian Affairs, Pensions, Patents, the Census, the Geological Survey, the Educational Bureau, the Bureau of Eailroads, the Territories, National Parks, certain Eleemosynary Institutions in or near the District of Columbia, the distribution of public documents, the work of the Archi- tect of the Capitol, and the Nicaraguan Canal, so far as the Govern- ment interests therein are concerned. PUBLIC LANDS. The report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office presents completely the Avork of that Bureau for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893. Disposal of Public Lands. — During the year 1,404,958.82 acres woe disposed of by cash sales, 10,300,727.22 acres by miscellaneous entries; also 89,457.05 acres of Indian lands were disposed of, aggre- gating 11,891,143.09 acres. Tlic total cash receipts from various sources for the year amounted to $4,470,734.14. Issue of Patents foe, Lands Disposed of. — The number of agricultural x^^tents issued during the year was 43,084, granting, approximately, 0,080,440 acres. Mineral and mill-site patents were issued to the number of 1,023, and coal x)atcnts to the number of 104. 549 550 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF TPIE INTERIOR. Tlicre -u-ere certified or jiatented on account of railroad land grants 1,720,179.95 acres, as follo^A's: Uuion Pacific Railway Company : Kansas 48, 794. 83 Nebraska 314. 47 49, 109. 30 Atlantic and Pacific Railroad. Company: New Mexico 312,380.73 Central Pacific Railroad Comj)any: Utah 75, 382. 16 Central Pacific Railroad Company — Orcoou Division: California 187, 275.55 New Orleans Pacific Railway Company : Lonisiana 70,807.36 Gnlf and Ship Island Railroad Company: Mississippi 39, 810. 52 Florida Central and Peninsula Railroad Company: Florida 255, 560. 32 Oregon and California Railroad Company: Oregon 292, 4b0. 90' Southern Pacific Railroad Comj)auy: California 71, 553. 11 Northern Pacific Railroad Company : Minnesota 2, 055. 84 North Dakota 210, 397. 78 Washington 148, 469. 54 Ore<>on 422. 75 Denver Pacific Railway and Telegraph Company: Colorado Duhuque and Sioux City Railroad Company: Iowa Hastings and Dakota Railroad Company: Miiniesota Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railway Company: Iowa 301, 345. 91 116. 71 200. 00 9, 905. S8 240. 00 Total 1, 726, 179. 95 Educational and Internal Improvement Selections. — Patents ■were issued to the several States under the swamp-land grants for 308,779.52 acres, and on account of grants for educational and other purposes, for 552,212.29 acres. Indian lauds \yere patented, during the year, aggregating 455,737.28 acres. Surveys of Public Lands. — During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, the following surveys were accepted, after an examination in the field, careful comparison of the surveying returns with the reports of the examiners, and inspection of the i)lats and field notes in this ofiBce: states and Territories. Arizona Ciilifdriiia — Colorado Idaho Minnesota ... Montana Kevada New Mexico . Acres. ;!09, 719 mo, 170 03G, 4G4 ISl', 193 , 312. 084 , 292, 870 G85, 051 080,455 States .ind Territories. Korfli Dakota Oreson South Dalcota. Utah Washington. . AVyoniiug Total Acres. 3, 482, 548 707, 848 1, Ofi.^, 729 179, 690 507, 457 895, 903 13.784.187 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 551 The ai)propriatioii for the fiscal year eudiiig June 30, 1893, for the survey aud resurvey of the public lands, approved by act of Congress of Augusts, 1892, was $375,000, of which $75,000 was authorized to be applied to the examination of surveys in the field, etc. After deducting $75,000 for examination of surveys in the field, the amount of the appropriation for public surveys applicable to all survey- ing districts was $300,000 j which amount, together with the appropria- tion of §125,000 for the survey of land grants to railroads, was appor- tioned as follows : District. Arizona California Colorado Nortli Dakota. South Dakota . Idaho Minnesota Montana Nevada Public lauda. $10, COO 10, 000 15, 000 20, 000 25, COO 30. 000 10, 000 35, 000 5,000 Eailroad land grants. $16, 000 10, 000 5,000 io.'-ooo" 1.5, 000 5,000 Dlsti-ict. Xew Mexico . Oregon Utah Washington . Wyoming. Eeserve fund Total.... Public lauds. $15, COO 20, €00 5, 000 45, OUO 35, 000 20, 000 300, GOO EaDroad land grants. $5. 000 15, 000 5, 000 19,000 20, OCO 125, 000 In the general instructions issued for the year ending June 30, 1893, it was provided that the fund for examinations should be retained under the direct control of the office, and expended, in the main, for the main- tenance of a corps of competent examiners, to be detailed according to the- exigencies of the service in the several surveying districts. Preference was given in this matter to the surveying of town shij^s occu- pied in whole or in part by actual settlers. It was further suggested that townships contiguous to those for which evidences of settlement had been submitted, should also receive attention in the manner stated, more particularly when said townships were situated within the range and i)rogress of settlement, embraced agricultural lands, and were liable to be occupied by actual settlers in the near future. Survey of Boundary Lines. — The survey of the boundary line between the States of North and South Dakota, which was partially executed at the close of the last fiscal year, has since been completed and accepted. The entire length of the line is 300 miles, 45 chains, aud 35 links. Boundary between South Dakota and Nebraska. — The sur- vey of the boundary line between South Dakota and Nebraska was let by contract to Joseph H. Jenkins on June 19, 1893, and since that date he has received the requisite special instructions and has entered upon the performance of the work. Yellowstone National Park. — A survey of the southern and east- ern boundary of the Yellowstone National Park, in Wyoming, aud the lines of the public forest reservation east, south, and adjoining the park, was directed June 30, 1891. The contract for this work was awarded to Philip M. Gallaher, United States deputy surveyor. This work is now in progress, and under the terms of the contract and limit of the approiu'iation, must be completed prior to July 1, 1891, o52 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Maps.— The original drawing of the map of the United States was revised and corrected up to date and an edition of 16,224 copies printed. Tracings of the maps of Utah, Minnesota, :N"evada, Oldahoma, and Montana have been forwarded to the Forbes Lithograph Manufacturing Company, of Boston. It is proposed during the coming year to publish editions of the maps of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa. A uniform system of scales, lettering, and conventional signs has been recently adopted, and will be applied to all maps issued. Private-Land Claims.— The following table shows the number of private-laud claims disposed of during the year: Califoruia private-laud claims patented 1 NcAv Mexico private-land claims patented 2 Missouri, Florida, and Louisiana private-land claims patented 31 Claims of Missionary Associations patented 10 Patents to villages of Mission Indiana (California) 2 Oregon and Wasliington donation patents 14 Indian claims patented 2 932 Entries witli icrtificates of location finally approved 182 Claims in Louisiana satisfied with scrip, act of June 2, 1858 38 The scrip issued in satisfaction of the above 38 claims in Louisiana has been confirmed by that State. Unlocated claims amount to 27,318.17 acres. Contests. — The Commissioner's report shows the condition of the work in the contest division to be nearly up to date, there being but 191 undecided appealed cases on hand, and 1,015 decided, but not finallj" closed. Of the unappealed cases, there were 4,11G examined and closed dur- ing the year, leaving a balance of 550 undecided cases on hand. Railroad Land Grants. — The adjustment of the following railroad and other land grants has been approved by the Department, viz: Kame of road. Sionx City and St. Paul Cliicaso. St. Paul, ^liiiiieapolLs, and Omaha . Hannibal and St. Joseph Grand Itajiids and Indiana. Mis.souri, Kansas, and Texas Coo.s Bay Militaiy AVagon Itoad Bay de ^'oquct and jManmetto Mobile and Girard Vicksburg, Shrcvcport, and Pacific Approved. June 22, 1887 Feb. 12,1887 :May 2S», 18S7 July 20, 1887 Aug. 2, 18S7 Feb. 1, 1802 Oct. 3, 18U2 Apr. 24, 1S0;J May 18.1892 Other claims have been submitted and are now under consideration, and the Commissioner reports progress in several more. The number of acres of land embraced in lists of selections under railroad grants awaiting examination at the close of the fiscal year is 29,087,475.00 acres; the wagon-road selections pending aggregate 313,400.37 acres, making a total of railroad and wagon-road selec- tions pending at the close of the fiscal year of 30,000,881.43 acres. In making restoration under the forfeiture act of September 20, 1890, all the unj)a tented lands lying opposite the unconstructed and forfeited REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. bf)S portion of the Nortlieru Pacific Eailroad in Oregon, excepting a moiety lying ^Yitllin the constructed Cascade branch of said company's road, were, with the approval of the DeiDartment, ordered restored to entry. The restoration included certain lands lying within the grants, by acts of July 25, ISGO, and February 25, 18G7, to the Oregon and Cali- fornia Eailroad Comi)any and The Dalles Military Road Company. During the x)ast year several decisions have been rendered by the United States Supreme Court affecting the rights of land-grant rail- roads. The result of these decisions will be the restoration to entry of a large quantity of land, but, as questions affecting the status of tliis land arc still pending, restoration will necessarily be deferred until said questions shall have been determined. Eight or Way to Eailroads, Canals, Ditches, and Eeser- VOIRS. — There are 424 railroad companies clainnng right of way over the public land under the general right of way act of March 3, J 875, or special acts. The articles of incorporation of 17 of these companies have been approved during the past year. Under sections 18 to 21 of the act of Congress approved March 3, 1891 (which granted the right of way over the public lands for the construc- tion of canals, ditches, and reservoirs), 109 applications have been received, of which 59 were made by individuals and firms, and 5',) by corporations. These cover 138 reservoirs and 169 canals and ditches. This branch of the work is steadily increasing, and the importance of the law is manifest in inducing the construction of irrigating canals, ditches, and storage reservoirs, causing the arid lands to become pro- ductive and their settlement extended, and thus increasing the wealth and resources of the country. Protection of Public Lands. — During the year, 82 agents were employed in the investigation of fraudulent entries and otherwise protecting the public lands from illegal appropriation and timber trespass. Their investigations further included ai)plications for [)er- mission to cut timber on public lands, under the act of Congress ap- proved March 3, 1891, and api)lications to cut timber upon forest re- serves under the act of March 3, 1891 (2G Stat., 1095-1103). Seven hundred and eighty-nine cases were referred to the agerits for investigation, hearings were ordered in 9G cases, 385 were held for can- cellation, 358 cancelled, and 1,2G9 were examined and passed. Final action was taken in 2,418 cases, and there are now pending in the division (June 30, 1893) 2,422 cases. TiMHER Trespass. — Kinety-two cases of timber depredations have been rei)orted during the year, involving public timber and the i)rod- ucts therefrom to the value of $195,692. 4G, recoverable to the Goxcrn- raent. The amount involved in propositions of settlement accepted by the office, and compromises effected under section 34G9, U. S. Eevised Stat- utes, is $11,503.24; and the amount recovered through legal proceed- ings so far of record (the United States attorneys' reports for various 554 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. districts uot having been received up to the date of preparing tliis report) is $43,049.42; the total amount recovered during the year on account of depredations upon the public timber is .$54,552.00. On the 1st of July, 1893, so far as reported by the United States attorneys, there were i)ending in the United States courts 105 civil suits for the recovery of $839,880.20, the value of timber alleged to have been unlawfully cut from public lands. There were also pending 227 criminal prosecutions for the act of cutting or removing timber in violation of law. SwAjMP-Land Grants. — During tlie past year claims for land in place under the swamp-land grants amounted to 118,785.32 acres, which in- creases the aggregate selections since the passage of the swamp-land grants to 80,390,320.45 acres. Claims for cash and land indemnity were received and recorded on the basis of 44,513 acres. Lists of swamp lands, embracing 282,040.90 acres were approved by the Secretary of the Interior, making the total quantity approved since the dates of the grants 59,802,900.39 acres. Patents and certified lists covering 249,854.09 acres were issued dur- ing tlic year. Claims of the States to swamj) lands in place were rejected during the year on 777,845.72 acres, tbe largest quantity rejected in any year since the dates of the grants. Claims of the States for swamp-land indemnity, under the acts of March 2, 1855, and March 3, 1857, were acted upon in a large number of cases, but only $410.22 were allowed, on 440.31 acres, as cash indem- nity, making a total of $1,599,781.48 paid to the several States since the passage of the indemnity acts. Claims for swamp-land indemnity were rejected during the year on 295,194,03 acres. The greater part of these rejections were to clear the records of improper selections, so as to better determine what legal claims remain unadjusted, and to facilitate the final settlement of proper claims. ScnooL AND Educational (tRAnts. — The selections pending on June 30, 1893, aggregate 1,474,025.05 acres, an increase of 381,450.53 acres over those pending a year i^revious. This work is mostly of a cur- rent character, and its increase in volume is attributable to the large number of selections made by the six States admitted in 1889 and 1890. ScnooL Land in Oklahoma. — Section 30 of the act of March 3, 1891 (20 Stats., 1053), provides: That the school lands rescrvod in the Territory of Oklahoma by this and former acts of Congress maybe leased for a i^eriod not exceeding tliree years for the benefit of the school fund of said Territory by the governor thereof, under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior. A full history of the j)reliminary work of carrying out the abo^e law was given in the report of the General Land Office for the year 1892. For the year ending June 30, 1893, leases to the number of 501 liave been approved and forwarded to the governor for delivery to the lessees. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 555 In addition to tliis, the governor was autboiized, on May 28, 1893, to proceed Avitli the leasing of tlie school lands in the Cheyenne and Arap- ahoe conntry opened, for settlement in April, 1892. The report of the governor for the calendar year ending December 31, 1892, shows the receipts to have been $27,350.70, and the expendi- tures $1,873.95. This work is now greatly increased by the opening to settlement of the Cherokee Outlet. The Commissioner recommends the enactment by Congress of sup- plemental or amendatory legislation placing the leasing of these lands and. property acquired out of the funds derived therefrom, exclusively under the control of the Territorial legislature, and I heartily concur in the recommendation. Public Timber. — A careful examination and comparison of the provisions of the several laws for the protection and i^reservation of the public timber, and the acts authorizing the use of the same, dis- closes the utter inadequacy of legislation thus far enacted to provide for the legitimate procurement of public timber to supply the actual necessities of the people dependent thereon, to aid and promote settle- ment, and to develop the natural resources of the public lands, or to properly i^rotcct and preserve the forests for the conservation of the water supply and the needs of the future. Public Forests. — During the year, nine additional forest reseiva- tions have been created, under section 24 of the act of March 3, 1891 (2G Stats., 1095), authorizing the President to set aside and reserve l)ublic lauds bearing forests. There are now fifteen of these reservations, embracing an estimated area of 13,053,440 acres. Several proposed reservations have been examined by special agents and are now awaiting consideration by the Land Offi(;e or by this Department, and a number have been petitioned for by settlers and residents of the localities suggested, and yet no provision exists for the in'otection of these reservations from trespass or from fire. I recommend the passage of legislation which may lay the foundation for a wise, comprehensive forestry system to be applied to the timber upon the public lands and to the forest reservations. The passage of a bill allowing the sale of such timber as can be properly removed would furnish a fnnd sufficient to inaugurate a thorough system of inspection ; but the creation of a forestry commission in connection with the Land Office, looking toward the education and use in this work of men thor- oughly suited for it, is already needed. The fact that timber is still plentiful should not blind our eyes to its present raj^id^ removal, and to the condition which will confront the country a few years hence. This great product can meet all the de- mands of the public, and yet by proper care be preserved undiminished if some of the wise regulations deemed necessary in other countries are applied here. 556 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Cherokee Outlet.— A most important work of tlie General Laud Ofifico lias been performed since June 30, 1893. By the act of JMarch 3, 1893, provision was made for tlic disposal of tli.e lands known as tlie Cherokee Outlet. The tract of laud made sub- ject to disposal under said act embraced an area of 6,500,000 acres. The act of Con,i>-ress changed, in some respects, the provisions of the original negotiation with the Indians, and before the Department could take steps to open the land it was necessary to await approval by the Indians of the terms of the act of Congress, and the formal execution of the contract in pursuance thereof. The contract was signed on the ITth day of May, 1893. „ Among' the provisions of this act is one not found in any act hereto- fore passed providing- for the disposal of lands in Oklahoma Territory, which reads as follows: No person shall be permitted to occupy or enter npon any of the lauds herein referred to, excei>t in tlic manner prescribed by the proclamation of the President opening the same to settlement. It is apparent that this provision was inserted for the purpose of permitting some method to be adopted which woidd prevent the lauds from being occupied by parties who had not the qualifications required to entitle them to enter the same. Tlie President's proclamation, which was issued August 19, 1893, contained regulations prescribing the manner of entering upon the lands, which were in substance as follows: - Nine booths were to be established, five on the northern and four on the southern border of the Outlet, and placed in charge of officers to be detailed from the General Land Office, three at each booth. The booths were to be opened for business on September 11, 1893, at 7 a. m., and kept open for ten hours on each business day thereafter until discon- tinued by order of the Department. Each party desiring to enter upon and occupy the lands to be opened was required to appear at one of the booths, and there make a declara- tion in Avriting before one of the officers in charge, showing his or her qualifications to initiate a claim on said lands, whereupon a certificate was to be given to the party, permitting him or her to enter upon the lands after the day and hour Avhen they were to be opened to settle- ment, as set forth in the President's proclamation, and the officers of the United States were ex^^ressly charged to permit no party without a certificate to occupy or enter upon any of the lauds until after the dis- continuance of the booths. Four forms of declarations were provided, designated as forms A, B, C, and E. Form A was for use by a party intending to nmke a home- stead entry; form B, for a party intending to file a soldier's declar- atory statement; form C, for a party wlio intended to file a soldier's declaratory statement as agent for the soldier, and form E, for a party intending to settle upon a town lot. Two forms of certificates were to be issued, designated as forms D and F. Form D was to be issued to REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 557 parties making declarations upou forms A, B, and C, and form F to parties making a declaration upon form E. It is well to remember that the act of Congress required the lands to be disposed of under the homestead and town-site laws only, and although many methods of procedure were suggested as desirable in order to prevent conflicting claims and contests, no method could be adopted which would infringe upou the homestead and town-site laws. The method adopted appeared to be the only practicable one which would not have conflicted with some provision of those laws. A number of special agents of the Department arranged the neces- sary preliminaries for the opening, and 45 clerks from the General Laud Office were detailed to take charge of the booths. The rush of applicants for certificates was uniirecedented, the re- turns from the several booths showing that they numbered over 100,000, greatly in excess of the expected number. This rush was caused in part by the extensive advertising of the railroad companies and by the reports published in the public press, which contained misleading statements as to the quantity and quality of the lands, and as to the necessary qualifications to make entry. As soon as it was found that the force at work could not supply all of the applicants with booth certificates, additional help was Em- ployed. More booths were constructed at the points where crowds were the largest, and when the hour for opening the land to settlement arrived, all who had appeared at the booths and been found entitled to receive a certificate x)ermittiug entry upon the lauds, had been sup- plied therewith. That hardships were incurred by applicants was an unavoidable result, when so large a crowd, far in excess of the land to be obtained, was preparing to rush madly upon it. Xo care of the Department could have lessened the intense heat, or have prevented the stifling dust. The scarcity of water was due to the fact that an extended drought had dried up many of the usual sources of water supply, and when crowds to the extent of over 20,000 gathered in the neighborhood of a single booth, it was impossible to place all the booths at locations suited for entry, and also to find a sufficient water suj)ply. It is believed that aside from these hardships the plan adopted was carried to a successful conclusion, and that it prevented, to a large ex- tent, the wrongful occupancy of land by people who were not entitled to settle thereon, which marked the first opening of the land now in- cluded in Oklahoma, and which is referred to in the report of the Sec- retary of the Interior dated November 15, 1889. It is gratifying to know that the governor of Oklahoma, who was upon the ground, with all the facts before him, states in his report that "the booth system has done avast amount of good in keeping out illegal claimants, and will long continue to do so. The difficulty ex- ])ovienced in registering at the booths was far overbalanced by the check it was upon fraud." 558 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. It sliould also be remembered tbat Coiio-ress had made no appropri- ation to meet the expenses of opening the Strip, and the limited amount that could be advanced from tlie contingent fund of the Department for that purpose prevented preparations beyond those which seemed absolutely necessary. The liour of opening was fixed at 12 o'clock noon September 16, 1893, and an area exceeding that of some of the States was then added to the public domain. The Cherokee Indian Allotments. — The act of Congress provid- ing for the purchase of the Cherokee Outlet also provided for allotments to be made to not more than 70 Indians on account of improvements already placed upon the land to be opened. This provision of the act was brought to my attention on the 5th of April last. The Acting Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Mr. Belt, diifered from the Assistant Attorney-General, Mr. Shields, as to the extent of the privilege thus accorded to the Indians claiming improvements. I agreed with the Commissioner of Indian Affairs that the act did not limit the allotment to the improved lands, but I endeavored to restrict selections to lands joining the improved lands. A subsequent thorough examina- tion of the act, together with the Journals of the Senate and House, led Assistant Attorney- General Hall to advise me that the allotments were to be made by the Indians, and that the only power of the Sec- retary to control the selection grew out of the provision of the act which required final approval of the selections by the Secretary. I endeavored, but without success, to dissuade those representing the Indians from seeking to select town sites for speculation. Believing that the settlers should have a fair chance to select town lots, and that pirrchasers of Indian allotments ought not to be per- mitted to speculate at the expense of settlers, I could not consent to approve the allotments at places where town sites were located. Two remedies were open; one to reject the allotments, the other to locate town sites at places distant from the points where the land had been selected for the Indian allotments. The rejection of the selections which had been made by the Indians was calculated to cause delay in opening the land to settlement. A carefully prepared x^i'ofile of the localities satisfied experts in the General Laud Office that the town sites could be located at points several miles distant from the proposed allotments without detriment to the town sites. I thereupon approved the allotments, but fixed the places for town sites in such a way as to defeat, if possible, the schemes of those wlio were speculating in Indian allotments. The Government towns have rapidly filled with people, and yet in several instances the railroad companies made war upon these towns, and have exerted their intiuencc in favor of the towns sought to be built up by speculators who purchased Indian allotments. In one instance a railroad comi)any has declined to stop its trains at a Government town containing over 5,000 people, while it seems pre- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 559 pared to make liberal oiitlaj'S for the to\rn containing but little over 1,000 iuliabitauts lield by the speculators. A bill lias been introduced in Congress, tlie purpose of wliicli is to compel railroads in Territories to treat \Yitli fairness tlie people upon the line of the roads, and to prevent the possibility of discrimination in favor of speculative interests. I recommend the passage of legisla- tion which will protect in this regard the people now occupying the Government towns in Oklahoma. While the opening of the Strip last September was relieved of many difficulties by the regulations legally made, yet it must be confessed that the manner of entry was not satisfactory. A number of small but valuable tracts of land will be ready for set- tlement within the next two years. It is impossible for the Department to prevent trouble without additional legislation, and as a substitute for the present system, I recommend the adoption by Congress of some plan which, by auction, lottery, or otherwise, may determine in advance, the ownershii) of each particular section of these new lands which are to be opened to settlement. All the provisions applicable to limitation of quantity of land and to time of occupancy now contained in the homestead laws might be pre^ served, if the selection was determined by award to the highest bidder at an open sale. No man ineligible to make a homestead entry sliould be allowed to bid. I do not press a particular plan, but I do urge that something of this character should be done; otherwise the Department may not be able to prevent occurrences substantially similar to those of last September. LEGAL WORK. More than half the time of those in the office of the Assistant Attor- ney-General is devoted to appeals from the General Land Office. I will, therefore, refer to their work in this connection. The following table shows the number of decisions, miscellaneous mat- ters, and opinions prepared from ^N^ovember 1, 1892, to October 31, 1893 : From November 1, 1892, to Marcli i, 1893 : Decisions 657 Miscellaneous matters 522 Opinions of Assistant Attorney-General 31 From March 4, 1893, to June 30, 1893: Decisions 500 Miscellaneous matters 275 Opinions of Assistant Attorney-General 42 From .Inly 1, 1893, to October 31, 1893: Decisions 680 Miscellaneous matters 301 Oi)inions of Assistant Attorney-General 23 Total : Decisions 1, 777 Miscellaneous matters 1, 098 Opinions of Assistant Attorney-General 99 560 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. During the past six months, many important questions have been settled by the decisions of this Department, establishing precedents which will control in a large number of cases nov\" iK'ndiug. Railroad Grants. — In August, 1888, the Department rendered a decision in the case of Guilford Miller t\ Northern Pacific Railroad Company, holding that as the sixth section of the grant to this cojn- pany provided for a withdrawal of land upon the filing of map of general route, which became effective upon the approval thereof, that the Executive Department was without authority to approve a second or amended map, and that a withdrawal made thereunder was without legal force or effect. The effect of this decision was to hold that said company was not entitled to the benefit of the second withdrawal made upon its amended map of general route for that part of the road lying between the Columbia River and eastern boundary of the State of Washington. A. large number of cases were decided under this authority, and motions for review in all of said cases were filed within the time re- quired by the rules of practice, in which the Department was asked to review and overrule the decision in the case of Guilford Miller. These motions have been pending before the Department, undisposed of, since 1888. In the case of Charles Cole v. I^Torthern Pacific Railroad Company, one of the cases above referred to, a decision was made in July last, affirming the ruling of the Departnient in the case of Guilford Miller, so far as it held that said company was not entitled to the benefit of tlie withdrawal made upon its second or amended map of general route, and that said withdrawal was without legal force or effect. The settlement of this question will enable the Department to dis- pose of a large number of cases involving claims to lands lying opposite this portion of the company's road, upon which action has been sus- pended awaiting a decision thereon. Adjustment of Grants. — In August, 1887, Secretary Lamar, be- ing impressed with the importance of a promptand speedy adjustment of the several railroad grants, and believing that the continued holding in reservation of large belts of lands within indemnity limits for the benefit of the railroad companies retarded the work, issued orders re- voking withdrawals of indemnity lands in all cases where such with- drawals rested solely upon executive authority and action. Where the withdrawals were made by legislative authority and direction, they were afterwards revoked by acts of Congress. In the order of revocation of August 13, 1887, it was directed that the lands included within said limits be restored to the public domain, except such lands as may be cov- ered by approved selections; and as to lands covered by unapproved selections, filings and entries might be received, subject to the right of the company to show that the land is subject to such selection. Prior to 1879 it seems to have been the practice of the General Land Office to allow selections of. indemnity lands without requiring REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 561 any specification of losses. On November 7 of tliat year, a circular was -issued requiring losses to be specified in all cases; but, on May 28, 1883, instructions were issued to the Commissioner of the General Land Office, allowing the Northern Pacific Eailroad Company to make selec- tions without designating the specific loss, leaving it to the General Land Office to finally ascertain and designate the lands lost in place. This was believed to be the best course to secure a speedy adjustment of this grant, but it failed to accomplish the result; and on August 4, 1885, a circular was issued requiring the particular deficiency for which indemnity is claimed to be specified la all cases before an indemnity selection should be allowed; and where indemnity selections had there- tofore been filed without specification of losses, the companies should be required to designate the deficiencies before further selections would be allowed. Lists of selections are now pending in the General Land Office, made prior to the order of revocation, which do not designate the specific loss for each tract selected. Being impressed with the necessity for some positive action in the premises, in order to facilitate the adjust- ment of the grants and to protect the rights of adverse claimants, I directed the Commissioner of the General Land Office to call upon all railroad companies having pending indemnity selections, to revise their lists within six months from date of notice, so that a proper basis will be shown for each and all lands now claimed as indemnity, the same to be arranged, tract for tract, in accordance with departmental require- ments, and that all tracts formerly claimed, for which a particular basis is not assigned in the manner iirescribed, at the expiration of said six months, be disposed of under the terms of the orders restoring indem- nity lands, without regard to such previous claim. Attorneys Practicing before the Department. — When I came into office I found a rule in force prohibiting any former employe in the Government service from appearing as attorney, counsel, or agent in the prosecution or defense of any case that was pending in the Department at the time of such employment, within two years after such employe had ceased his connection with the Government service. This rule was predicated uj^on section 190 of the Eevised Statutes, which prohibits any " officer, clerk, or employ<§ iu any of the Departments to act as counsel, attorney, or agent for prosecuting any claim against the United States which was x)ending in either of said Departments while he was such officer, clerk, or employe, nor in any manner, nor by any means, to aid in the prosecution of any such claim within two years next after he shall have ceased to be such officer, clerk, or employe." Upon a careful consideration of this question, I became satisfied that the phrase '^ claim against the United States," as employed in said section, must be construed to mean a money demand against the United States, and that the inhibition did not apply to the prosecution of cases before the land department, in which the claimant was seeking Ab. 93 3G 562 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. to acquire title to a tract of iiublic laud uuder the geueral laud laws, in which no money deuiaud was involved. I therefore held that a former employe in the Govern uient service was not by reason of such former employment prohibited from appearing before this Department as attorney, counsel, or agent in behalf of any claimant in the prosecution of a claim for a tract of public land. Disqualification of EEaisxERS and Eeceivers. — In the case of Eiablen v. Weed (IG L. D., 28) it bad been held that a local officer having a pecuniary interest in a cause, was not disqualified from sitting and taking i)art in the trial of such cause, for the reason that each of said ofiicers is required to take part in the consideration of all cases coming before them, and no provision is madefor a change of venue or for the designation of any other officer to hear and determine sucb cases. Notwithstanding the failure of the statute to x^rovidefor the hearing of such cases, I was satisfied that any ruling authorizing a party having an interest in any matter in controversy to participate in the trial and to control the judgment in such cases, was contrary to every legal ininciple, and could not stand the test of judicial investigation. Upon a motion for review, I reversed this decision, and held that a local officer having a property interest in any matter in controversy coining before the local office for which he was appointed, was dis- qualified from hearing and determining sucb cause (17 L. D., 220). The failure of the law to make provision for designating some official to hear and determine causes arising in the local laud offices, in which either the register or receiver, or both, are disqualified from acting, by reason of their interest in the matter in controversy, induced me to call attention to the necessity for legislation upon the subject, and a bill is now pending before Congress to supply this deficiencj". INDIAN AFFAIRS. A fair examination of the work of this Bureau for the last fiscal year, furnishes proof in sujiport of the wisdom of the policy which for the past few years has controlled the administration of Indian affairs. Slowly, but steadily, these wards of the nation are being advanced to a condition suited for citizenship. The expenditures necessary are large, the labor required is great, but the responsibility can not otherwise be fulfilled. It is a mistake to suppose that the number of Indians is rapidly decreasing. On the contrary, the last census shows over 250,000, and tribal wars and Avars with the whites having ceased, they are increasing rather than diminishing in number. Much good is being accomplished by the allotment of land in sever- alty. True, some of those who thus accept homes are careless, and fail to properly utilize the benefits conferred, but others are working suc- ces§ful]y upon their farms, and are adapting themselves to the changed conditions. The school house is beginning to have a marked eifect upon the race. Over 21,000 children were entered as scholars during the past REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 5G3 fiscal year and liave been carefully trained in tlie habits and customs of civilized life, as well as instructed in tliose branches taught in com- mon schools. It should not be expected that all these children will retain, when returned to their savage parents, the habits and manner of life which they were required to adopt while attending school, but the education and the influence which they carry to their homes is having a gradual effect which will be certain in its result. Agents. — Under the x^rovisions of the Indian Appropriation Act of July 13, 1892, a large number of Army officers have been detailed as Indian agents. The ideal agent is the man who, capable and honest, comes Co the work freed from any purpose other than the zealous dis- charge of his duties. There will always be men residing in the neigh- borhood of Indian reservations who, to a greater or less degree, live upon the successful execution of schemes connected with the Indians, and there will be local interests sure to conflict with the rights of the Indians upon the reservations. The agent must be free from bias in these matters, and, where civilians have been appointed, an effort has been made to obtain men at a distance from the reservations to which they are assigned. I cordially approve the views of the Commissioner urged in suj^port of the wisdom of this policy. The agent should be selected on account of his fitness, and he should be retained solely because of his proficiency in the service. It will be the earnest eflbrt of the Department to bring promptly to your attention the name of any agent who fails to reach a high standard, and to ask for his removal. Estimate for Appropriations. — The estimate submitted of appro- priations for the Indian service during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, amounts to $6,931,756.61. This is $193,639.83 less than the sum appropriated for the current fiscal year ending June 30, 1894. Education. — The following tables give the enrollment and average attendance at Indian schools from 1887 to 1893 : Table. — Enrollment and average attendance at Indian schools, 1891 to 1893. ENROLLED. Kind of school. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. Governraent scliool.s: Trniuin"" and boardiii'^ 6,847 3,115 9,962 6,998 3,175 6,797 2,863 7,236 2,963 8,572 2,877 9,634 3,481 11,185 3,513 Dav .°. Total 10, 173 9,660 10, 199 11,449 13, 115 14, 698 Contract schools : Boarding 2,763 1,044 504 3,234. 1,293 512 4,038 1,307 779 4.186 1,004 988 4,282 886 1,309 4,262 839 1,344 4,240 616 1.297 Day Boarding, specially appropriated for... Total. 4,373 5,030 6,124 6,178 6,477 6,445 fi l^l"? Public day schools 190 157 243 Mission schools not assisted by Govern- ment; boarding and dav i)iipils 44 14, 333 Aggregate 15,212 15, 784 16, 377 17, 926 1,549 19, 907 1,981 21 138 Increiiso 1,231 564 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Table. — EnroUment and average attendance at Indian scliooJs, 1801 to 1893 — Continued. AVERAGE ATTENDANCE. Kind of school. 1S87. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. GoYcrnment schools : 1'rjiiiiiii'*' :iiul hoiirdiu*^ .....-..-.-■ 5,276 1,896 5,533 1,929 5,212 1,744 5,644 1,780 6,749 1,661 7,622 2,084 9,098 Uav 2, 131 Total 7,172 7,462 0,956 7,424 8,410 9,706 11,229 Contract schools: 2,258 G04 486 2,694 786 478 3,213 662 721 3,384 587 837 3,504 502 1,172 3,585 473 1,204 3,403 Day 342 Boarding, specially appropriated for... 1,111 Total . 3,348 3,958 4,590 4,808 5,178 5,202 4,916 I*iiblic d;iv schools 106 93 100 Mission sVlioola not assisted by GoA-ern- 28 AffCTPirtite 10, 520 11, 420 11, 552 12, 232 13, 588 1,356 15, 167 1,579 16, 333 Increase 1,166 Six new training scliools have been opened since the last annual report, viz: at Pipestone, Minn.; Mount Pleasant, Mich.; Flandreau, S. Dak.; Tomah, Wis.; Perris, Gal.; and Fort Shaw, Mont. The first four originated with Congress. Perris is the only boarding school ever fur- nished for the Mission Indians in California. The Fort Shaw school is in a vacated military post. There are now twenty nonreservation training schools, as shown in the following table: Table.- -ioca/io», arcrcKie attendance, capacit!/, etc., of nonreservation training scltooh during the fiscal year ended June SO, 1893. Kame of school. Carlisle, Pa Chemawa, Oregon Fort Stevenson, N. Dak. Chilocco, Ind. T Genoa, Nebr Albuquerque, K. Mex . . . Haskell, Kans Grand Junction, Colo... Santa Fe,N. Mex Fort Mojave, Ariz Carson, Nev Pierre, S. Dak Phanix, Ariz Fort Lewis, Colo Fort Shaw, Mont Perris, Cal Flandreau, S. Dak Pipestone, ISlinn Mount Pleasant, Mich. .. Tomah, Wis Total Date of opening. Nov. 1, Feb. 25, Deo. 18. Jan. 15, Feb. 20, Aug., Sept. 1. Oct., Oct., Dec, Feb., Sept., Mar., Dec. 27, Jan. 9, Mar. 7, Feb., Jan. 3, Jan. 19, 1879 1880 1883 1884 1884 1884 1881 1886 1890 1890 1890 1891 1891 1892 1892 1893 1893 1893 1893 1893 Number of em- ployes. 72 31 21 42 40 52 48 17 33 22 23 19 26 20 24 12 12 12 11 12 Eate per anuiun. 167 175 167 107 175 107 175 175 167 175 167 175 167 167 167 167 Capacity. *B00 300 150 t300 400 300 500 120 175 150 125 180 130 300 250 120 150 75 100 75 4,700 Enroll- ment. 840 336 157 236 414 269 600 102 173 134 122 147 121 94 171 113 98 61 59 93 4, 340 Average attend- ance. 731 248 153 224 340 222 538 98 118 118 80 120 105 03 130 00 80 38 36 77 3,021 ' With outing system. t When improvements under way are completed. A detailed statement of the operations of the schools will be found in the rex)ort of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 565 The scliools are organized with a general superintendent and, as a rule, under the immediate control of local superintendents, the latter being aided by teachers and assistant teachers. The local superintendents have been i)laced within the classified service. Many of them are bonded olficers, and have entire responsibility for every- thing connected with their schools, including financial management and property interests. The Commissioner states that the ordinary civil- service examination does not furnish a proper test of the fitness of applicants for these positions. I fully agree with him in this view. So far as I know, it is not the practice under any well-regulated school system to select super- intendents through competitive examination. The mere technical knowledge which furnishes capacity to stand a civil- service examination , fails entirely to demonstrate the qualities required of an efficient school superintendent. Executive ability, force, character, capacity to manage, ardor, enthusiasm — such qualities are worth infinitely more in a superin- tendent tlian mere technical information. They are of a higher order than mere routine knowledge. These officers should be selected with- out regard to politics. Tliey should be chosen by the general superin- tendent, not necessarily from applicants, but after careful inquiry among school men to find those who have already passed examinations for lower iiositions, and who, as teachers, have shown ability suited to the work. Tlie evil result of obtaining superintendents through a civil-service examination has not so far aflected the schools, because, as the letters of the former officers in charge show, as soon as it was determined to bring these i)laces within the classified service all the vacancies were hastily filled to obviate the necessity of obtaining superintendents from the civil service. Nor should teachersbe obtained by thepresent system of civil-service examination. A plan should be adopted, through conference between the Civil Service Commission and the general superintendent of tlie schools, providing for examination for teachers to be held in various localities by the local superintendents and by others engaged in school work; but even .then the experience of the applicant as a teacher should be estimated, and should count full as much as the mere tech- nical GkXamination which may be provided. I wish, however, to be fully understood as insisting that these local sujierintendents and teachers shall hold their positions during compe- tent service, and shall, in no sense, be subject to change on account of x)olitics or otficial caprice. Their tenure of office should be -as per- manent as if they were within the classified service. A system of day schools upon reservations has been established somewliat after the plan of the common scliools of the country. By means of these schools the children are prex)ared to enter at a more 566 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. advanced stage tbe boarding and other schools. These day schools have their advantages, in that the influence of education is exerted more imniediately upon the families of the scholars because of the daily contact between them. The report of the Commissioner shows the progress that has been made in allotting lands to the Indians, as follows: On Eeseryations. — To the following Indians the patents issued last year have been delivered : Clieyeuucs aud Arap.alioes in Oklahoma 3, 294 Citizen Pottawatomies in Oklalioma 1^ 363 Absentee Sliawnees in Oklalioma 561 Patents have been issued and delivered to the following Indians: Potta-watomies in Kansas 115 Scnecas in Indian Territoiy 301 Eastern Skawuccs in Indian Territory 48 Sac aud Fox in Kansas and Nebraska 76 Oneidas in Wisconsin 1, 500 Patents have been issued, but not delivered, to the following Indians : Sisseton and Wabjieton Sioux in North Dakota and South Dakota 1, 339 Mcdawakanton, etc., Sioux on Devils Lake Reservation, in North Dakota 776 Tonkawas in Oklahoma 73 Allotments have been approved by the Indian office and the Depart- ment, and x^atents are noAV being prepared in the General Land Oflice for the following Indians: Pottawatomies in Kansas 150 Pawnees in Oklahoma 820 Umatillas, Caynses, and Walla Wallas in Oregon 893 Klamath River Indians in Califoruia- 161 Schedules of the following allotments have been received in the Indian Ofiice, but have not yet been iinally acted upon: lowas in Kansas aud Nebraska 142 Nez Perec's in Idaho 1, 690 Medawakanton, etc., Sioux in North Dakota 356 Indians on Silctz Reservation in Oregon 536 Work is progressing on the following reservations: Moqui, Arizona^ Mission and Hoopa Valley, California; Pottawatomie and Kickapoo, Kansas; Chippewa,* Minnesota; Ponca and Otoe, Oklahoma; Warm Springs, Oregon; Lower Brule, South Dakota; and Yakama, Wash- ington. The work on the Warm Sjiring and Yakama reservations is nearly completed. It has been nuich retarded among the Pottawato- mies and Kickapoos by the determined opposition of a small faction. Purchase of Cueyenne and Arapahoe Eeservation. — The deed for the release to the United States by the Choctaws and Chicka- saws of the land formerly embraced in the Cheyenne and Arapahoe Eeservation has been approved, and 82,94:2,050 has been paid in pur- suance of the act of Congress. While the proiiriety of this iiaynient REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 567 has been much questioned, it bad ceased to be a matter for executive considerationj and tlie law was executed in accordance with its require- ments. KiOKAPOO Purchase. — Under an agreement, approved March 3, 1893, allotments are to be made in severalty to the Indians belonging to the Kiokapoo tribe. Each allotment is to consist of 80 acres. The population of the tribe numbers 325. The area of the reservation is 206,4GG acres. The allotment will soon be completed, and will leave 175,000 acres of magnificent land to be opened for settlement. It is claimed that no land heretofore opened surpasses it in value for agri- cultural purposes. Commissions and Negotiations for Reduction of Eeserva- ' TioNS. — The commission to reopen negotiations for the cession of a portion of the Shoshone Eeserve in Wyoming failed to reach an agree- ment with the Indians. A bill is now before Congress providing for the procurement of the consent of the Indians for the restoration to the public domain of the Walker Eiver Reservation in Nevada; also, the reduction of the Pyra- mid Lake Reservation to a greater extent than was contemplated in the agreement made with the Pyramid Lake Indians October 17, 1891, which agreement failed of ratification by the Senate. The Indian appropriation act of March 3, 1893, provides for the appraisal, by a commission, of such portions of the lands allotted to the Puyalkip Indians in Washington as are not needed by them for homes, and of that part of the agency tract not needed for school purposes; also for the sale of the aforesaid lands at public auction after the con- sent of the Indians thereto shall have been obtained. The net jiroeeeds ot the sales of allotted lands are to be placed to the credit of the respec- tive allottees, and the net proceeds of the sale of the agency tract are to constitute a school fund for the tribe. An agreement, dated October 1, 1892, with IJie Siletz Indians in Oregon, ceding for $100,000 about 178,840 acres, was submitted to Congress, but not acted upon. An agreement with the Nez Perces in Idaho, dated May 1, 1893, for the cession for $1,020,222 of about 542,074 acres, has not yet been trans- mitted to Congress. The same is true of an agreement dated December 31, 1892, with the Yankton. Sioux, ceding- some 108,000 acres for $000,000 plus 820 for each male adult of the tribe. March 3 last, Congress ratified three agreements made by the Cher- okee Commission: the agreement of October 21, 1891, made with the Tonkawas in Oklahoma; the agreement of November 23,1882, with the Pawnees, by which they ceded all their reservation, subject to allot- ment of lands in severalty, for $1.25 per acre; the agreement of Decem- ber 19, 1891, with the Cherokees, for the cession of Ciierokee Out- let, containing a provision for the making of about seventy allotments 568 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. tliereoii. The lauds covered by these three agreements were thrown open by Presidential proclamation at 12 o'clock noon, September 16, 1893. They aggregate some G,3G1,135 acres. The Chippewa Commission has succeeded, uj) to September 1, 1893, in removing 043 Chii^i^ewas to the White Earth Eeservation; 85 others after removal returned to their former homes. Allotments of 80 acres each have been made at White Earth to 2,209 Indians. A commission has appraised certain graziug and timber lands of the Eouud Valley Eeservation, Cal., at a valuation of $115,938.26, and the improvements thereon at .$12,250. These lauds are to be disposed of at public sale, the proceeds to be placed to the credit of the Indiaus. The agreement concluded with the Turtle Mountain Chippewas for the cession of a large tract in North Dakota failed of ratification by the last Congress. Until this is ratified, nothing can be done in the way of allotting lands and permanently settling these Indians. Co3i:\iissioN TO Treat ^VITII the Fiyu: Civilized Tribes. — The act of Congress approved March 3, 1893, i^rovides for the appointment of three commissioners to enter into negotiations with the Cherokee Nation, the Choctaw Nation, the Chickasaw Nation, the Muscogee or Creek Nation, and the Seminole Nation, for the purpose of extinguishing the national or tribal title to any land within the Indian Territorj^ now held by any and all of such nations and tribes, either by cession of the same, or some part thereof, to the United States, or by the allotment or division of the same in severalty among the Indians of such nations and tribes respectively as may be entitled to the same, or by such other methods as may be agreed upon between the several tribes and nations referred to, or each of them, with the United States, with a view to such an adjustment upon the basis of justice and equity as may, with the consent of such nations or tribes of Indians, so far as may be nec- essary, be requisite and suitable to enable the ultimate creation of a State or States of tha Union which shall embrace the lands within said Indian Territory. This important commission has been appointed, and consists of Hon. Henry L. Dawes, of Massachusetts; Hon. Archibald S. McKeunon, of Arkansas; and Hon. Meredith H. Kidd, of Indiana. The thickly settled condition of the country immediately contiguous to the Indian Territory has rendered it impossible to keep out intrud- ers. In the Chickasaw Nation alone there ar^ over 49,000 whites and only 3,000 Ind ians. The Territory is traversed by railroads. The prog- ress of civilization has crossed its borders, and the time must soon come when, for the protection of the people within its limits, the laws of the United States must be made applicable thereto. It is earnestly to be hoiked that the commission may be able to reach satisfactory terms of agreement with the respective nations for the purpose of si)eedily accomplishing a result so much to be desired. Irrigation. — The last Indian appropriation act provides $40,000 for irrigation on Indian reservations, a i)ortion of which sum is to be REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 569 used in sinking- artesian wells on tlie Pine Eidge, Eosebnd, and Stand- ing Eock reservations. A fine artesian well, with a flow of 780 gallons per minute, has been develoi)ed at the Pierre school, South Dakota. The construction of dams, ditches, etc., is in progress on the Crow Eeservatiou in Montana, paid for out of tribal funds. The Blue Mountain Irrigation and Improvement Company and the Umatilla Irrigation Company, both of Oregon, are to construct irrigat- ing reservoir, ditches, etc., on and across the Umatilla Eeservatiou under acts of January 12, 1893, and February 10, 1891. The Umatilla Indians are to be compensated for lands taken for such purposes and to have the privilege under departmental regulations of utilizing for their own benefit the irrigation facilities thus furnished. Upon the Navajo Eeservatiou Army, officers have made a careful survey with contour map, showing in detail how a water supply may be developed upon that barren reserve. For the carrying out of their recommendations $60,000 is now available, and the Commissioner has recommended that a competent man be appointed to superintend the work. During the last fiscal year the exiienditure of some $42,551 for irri- gating purposes was authorized. The principal x)art of this money was assigifed to the Pima Eeservatiou, Ariz.; Yakama, Wash,; Western Shoshone, Pyramid Lake, and Walker Eiver reservations, Nov.; Flat- head, Mont.; Fort Hall, Idaho; Uuray Eeservatiou, Utah. Cash Payiments. — During the year there was paid in cash to Indians other than the five civilized tribes $3,071,211, of which 8975,147 was paid in return for supplies or services furnished. Tliis latter sum stands for no small amount of labor on the part of the Indians, and is, of course, of vastly greater benefit to the recipients than would be a much larger amount paid to them without exacting any labor in return. Field Matrons. — The appropriation of $5,000 will keep only seven field matrons in the service, but, small as is the territory covered and intangible as are many of the results, the work has proved of great value in hastening Indian civilization and j)utting it upon the right basis, which is the home basis. During the three years of their employment, field matrons have been assigned to the following tribes : Yakamas, Cheyeunes and Arapahoes, Mission Indians, Poncas in Nebraska, Mexican Kickapoos, Sioux, Navajoes and Moquis, the aim being to place them mainly among tribes who have received, or are about to receive allotments, and who are endeavoring to adopt new modes of living. Their duties cover everj^thing connected with domestic work, .sowing, care of children, nursing the sick, improvement of house and premises, organizing of societies for mental, moral, and social advancement of old and young, and, in fact, anything which women of good judgment, quick sym])athies, fertility of resource, large, practical experience. 570 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. abundant energy, and sound liealtli can find to do among an ignorant, superstitious, poor, and confiding people. Kindly house to house visita- tion, with practical lessons then and there of how to do what needs to be done, is the method employed, coupled with much hospitality and fre- quent gatherings in the home of the field matron, which home serves always as an object lesson, and often as a refuge. I cordially endorse the recommendation of the Commissioner for the renewal of the appropriation for field matrons. Sale of Liquor to Indians. — Much trouble has arisen from the sale of liquor to Indian soldiers, who, in turn, furnish it to Indians on the reservations. Officers connnanding militaryposts have been greatly embarrassed by the excessive drinking of the Indian troops, who, being refused liquor at post canteens, are able to get all the whisky tUey can pay for from saloons near by. The Indian Office has in- structed its agents that Indians enlisted in the Army are still under their charge, as far as the duty of protecting them from degrading influences is concerned. It accordingly directed the agent for the Col- ville Agency to confer witli the United States district attorney for the district of Washington, with a view to having indictments brought against one Fox for the sale of whisky to Indian soldiers. Fox was arrested and the United States jury indicted him on three charges. Although he was acquitted of the charge of selling whisky to the Indian soldiers, the court decided " that Indians enlisted in the Army are still under the charge of an Indian agent, within the meaning of section 2139, Eevised Statutes j and that it is unlawful to dispose of spirituous liquors to them." If this doctrine was adhered to, and generally en- forced by the courts, it would result in lasting benefit to enlisted Indians, to the Army of which they form a part, and to the Indian service generally. Indian Depredations Claims. — The matter of the payment of claims arisiugoutof depredationsi by Indians upon the property of citi- zens of the United States, and the recent legislation of Congress in rela- tion thereto, is a subject for the gravest consideration; but, as the matter may affect the economic administration of the Government and largely increase the demands upon its Treasury, it would seem not improper to direct the attention of Congress to the subject. In the earlier days of the Eepublic, commencing with the act of May 19, 179G (1 Stat., 472), Congress, in legislating upon the matter of Indian depredations and directing what steps might be taken to demand through our officers reparation from the Indians, guaranteed to the party injured "eventual indemnification." This guaranty was repeated in about the same words in subsequent acts until it was expressly repealed by act of February 28, 1859 (11 Stat., 401). It is to be observed also that up to the passage of the act of June 30, 1834 (4 Stat., 731), there was no limitation prescribed as against depredation claims^ but that act provided that such claims must be REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 571 presented to the officers of the Government within three years after the commission of the injury. Under this legishxtion a few claims of citizens were paid by the Department, but after the repeal of the ^'eventual indemnification" clause. Congress, in section 4 of the Indian appropriation act of July 15, 1870 (IC Stat., 335, 3G0), prohibited the payment of claims for depredations out of any moneys thereby or thereafter appropriated for the expenses of the Indian department for annuities or for the care and benefit of any of tlie Indian tribes named in said act. And it was declared that no claims for Indian depredations should thereafter be paid without a specific appropriation therefor. The whole of said section is carried into section 2098 of the Eevised Statutes, which is as follows: No part of the moneys whicli may be appropriated in any general act or deficiency bill making appropriations for tlie current and contingent exxoenses incurred in Indian affairs, to jjay annuities due to or to be used and exiiended for the care and benefit of any tribe or tribes of Indians, shall be applied to the paj-incut of any claim for depredations that may have been or may be committed by such tribe or tribes, or any member or members thereof. No claims for Indian depredations shall be paid until Congress shall make special appropriation xhcrefor. From time to time since the foregoing legislation, Congress has made further enactments in regard to the investigation of and report upon these depredations claims by the Secretary of the Interior, and has made appropriation to aid in said investigations. But otherwise the law remained substantially as it was upon the passage of the act of July, 1870, until the enactment of the more recent legislation as con- tained in the act of March 3, 1891 (2G Stat., 851). By this act, jurisdiction is conferred upon the Court of Claims to "inquire into and finally adjudicate" — 1. All claims of citizens of the United States for depredations by Indians belonging to any tribe or band in amity with the United States j 2. All cases which have been examined and allowed by the Indian Department; 3. Also, all cases authorized to be examined by the Secretary of the Interior, under the act of March 3, 1885 (23 Stat., 370), and subsequent acts. By the second section all questions of limitations, as to time and manner of presenting claims, are waived, and no claim is to be excluded because not heretofore presented to the Secretary of the Interior or other officer or Department of the Government. But no claim accruing prior to July 1, 18G5, "shall be considered by the court unless the same shall be allowed, or has been or is pending, i)rior to the passage of the act, before the Secretary of the Interior, Congress, or some officer authorized to inquire into such claims." JudgDients are to be rendered for all claims examined and allowed by the Secretary of the Interior, under the i)rovisions of the act of 572 EEPORT OF THE SECEETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Marcli 3, 1885, unless claimaut or the United States elect to reopen and try tlie case before tbe court. The court shall determine the value of the property taken or destroyed, "and, if possible, the tribe of Indians or other persons by whom the wrong was committed, and shall render judgment in favor of the claimant against the United States, and against the tribe of Indians committing the wrong, ivhen such can he identified^ Judgments rendered against any tribe of Indians shall be deducted and paid — First, from the annuities due said tribe. Second, if no annuities are due, then from other funds due the tribe arising from the sale oi their lands. Third, if no such funds are due or available, then from any appro- priation for the benefit of the tribe other than for their current and necessary support and education. Fourth. If no such annuity, fund, or appropriation is available, then the amount of the judgment shall be paid from the Treasury of the United States and charged against annuity, funds, or appropriation which may thereafter become due from the United States to such tribe. The Attorney-General is to report to Congress a list of all final judg- ments against the United States which, if not otherwise paid, are to be appropriated for out of the Treasury. It will be seen by this sketch of the legislation on the subject that the exi^eriment of "eventual indemnification'' of the earlier days was rei)udiated and abandoned in 1859. Doubtless Congress was induced to take this action by the increasing number of claims being presented, notwithstanding the three years' limitation against them established by the act of 1834. But after the lapse of thirty years Congress seems again to have radically changed its policy on this subject, striking down the barriers of limitations, and so legislating as practically to make the United States primarily liable for most of the alleged depre- dations. The judgment is to be rendered " against the United States, and against the tribe of Indians committing the wrong, when such can be identified." Thus, whether the Indians be identified or not, invaria- bly the judgment, if there be one, is to go against the United States. How often will it be possible to make this identification? Such acts are usually committed, not by tribes, but by a few marauders, by stealth, under cover of darkness, or under circumstances which almost preclude the possibility of obtaining such evidence as would be suffi- cient to enable the court to fix the liability. Under the law, it is sufficient for the claimant to show that the act was done by "Indians,'- without troubling himself to identif}' them as belonging to any particular tribe or band. Why, then, should he put himself to that trouble when, by omitting to do so, the United States must become his debtor and paymaster? Already, I learn, unofficially, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 573 that judgments have been rendered against the United States where identification of the tribe was not satisfactorily shown. Certainly the claimant is in no way benefited by producing satis- factory evidence on this point; for it will not strengthen his case to prove the loss was occasioned by any particular tribe, if he prove it was done by " Indians." The only effect of such proof would be to enable the Government ultimately to indemnify itself ont of the funds of the particular tribe after the judgment is paid, which is primarily entered against it. And the sense of patriotism, or of justice to the Govern- ment, is hardly strong enough among the class who represent these claims to induce them to do more than is necessary for their own per- sonal interests. But apart from this legal question the effect of such legislation, if it has any effect, would be to deprive the Indians, in many instances, of a means of sui)i)ort. Experience has taught that this class of Indians must be controlled and furnished with means of support or else exterminated, for with the limitations necessarily imposed upon them they can not exist under present conditions without aid. Should the appropriation intended for their support be consumed by the payment of depredation claims, principles of economy and the instincts of humanity would demand a second appropriation to meet their needs, and it is therefore apparent 'that under the existing legislation the payment of these claims will eventually devolve upon the Government. And should this legisla- tion remain upon the statute books, with the facilities it aifords for depleting the ISTatioual Treasury, it is not an exaggeration to say that the claims would easily absorb many millions of dollars. Should the Treasury be subjected to this strain? This is the ques- tion submitted. Election Troubles in the Choctaw ]S"ation. — The domestic strife which has existed for the past twelve months in the Choctaw Nation has been so serious that the public have heard from it frequently through the i^ress. The Choctaws have long been considered one of the most conservative and cxuiet of the Indian nations, but the bitterness engendered during the campaign for the election of Principal Chief, held during the month of August, 1892, grew so intense that a civil war has been i3revented only by the interference of the United States and the presence of troops. It is needless to determine which side is in the right. Wilson IST. Jones was declared elected by the duly constituted authorities. The friends of his opponent, Jacob B. Jack- sou, were charged with committing many outrages. The effort of the Cboctaw government to apprehend and to punish these men, all of whom were members of the Jackson party, and the methods adopted to accomx)lish this end produced the intense state of excite- ment which caused the Jackson men to rise in arms, ancT Governor Jones to call out his militia for the purpose of suppressing them. The 574 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. men under arms were induced to return to their homes and the militia were disbanded. On the 17th of June, nine men charged with nuirder, who had surrendered to the authorities in September, 1892, were con- victed and sentenced to be shot. It was believed by the Department that the execution of these men would serve to intensify the bitterness and i^roduce another uprising, it being claimed by the friends of the men that it was impossible for them to obtain a fair trial iu the courts controlled by the opposing faction. The treaty between the Choctaw Nation and the United States i)ro- vides that the United States shall interfere for the purpose of protect- ing the Choctawsfrom domestic strife. In xiursuance of the obligation placed upon the Department by this provision of the treaty, an Indian inspector was sent to confer with Governor Jones and to advise all reasonable clemency on the part of the Choctaw government towards the men sentenced to be shot. So far the suggestions of the Depart- ment have been followed and the convicted men have been granted new trials. A willingness has been expressed by those in authority to have these cases transferred for trial to the United States court. A bill is now pending before Congress extending the jurisdiction of the United States court in the Indian Territory so as to include the right of removal of all cases, where local prejudice is shown, without regard to the citizen- ship of the parties. I recommend the prompt passageof such legislation. Chippewa and Munsee Indians in Kansas. — Eecommendation is renewed that Congress be asked to grant authority to issue patents in fee to the allottees of the several tracts, or to those assigns whose con- vey-ances have been approved by the Department, and that such lands as are vacant or abandoned, including their school and mission lands and the tract on which the school house was located, be appraised and sold by the Commissioner of the General Land Office, the net pro- ceeds arising from the sale to be funded for the use and benefit of those members of said tribes born since the allotments were made or who have never received an allotment. Eastern Band of Cherokees in North Carolina. — The suit instituted by the Attorney-General some years since in the United States circuit court for the western district of North Carolina to estab- lish a clear title to the lands in that State claimed by the Eastern Cherokees has been x)osti)oned till another term of the court. Northern Cheyennes in Montana. — There is an unsettled con- dition of affairs among the Northern Cheyennes in Montana, owing to the encroachments by white settlers upon their reservation, and also upon certain nonreservation lands long claimed and occupied by that tribe. The Connnissioner recommends tliat Congress should enact such legislation as will put the Indians in possession of their entire reserva- tion, and authorize the purchase of the lands of those settlers who have acquired rights thereon prior to its establishment by Executive order on October 1, 1881, and the removal of all other white settlers therefrom, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 575 anil a cliange of the eastern bonndary line so as to enlarge the reserva- tion. A bill to this eftect was introduced into the Senate at the last Con- gress, but it was not passed. The Southern TJtes. — Want of action upon the agreement cou- chided with the Southern Utes iTovember 13, 1888, has had an unfavor- able effect upon the Indians, prevents the work of allotment, and creates a general disinclination to agricultural pursuits or home-mak- ing except of the most temporary character. PENSIONS. Pension Eoll. — By the rex)ort of the Commissioner of Pensions, it api)ears there were on June 30, 1893, 906,012 pensioners borne upon the rolls of the 18 pension agencies, being 89,911 more than were carried on the rolls at the close of the last fiscal year. These pensioners are classified as follows: AVidows aud daxigliters of Revolutionary soldiers 17 Army invalid pensioners 360, G58 Army widows, minor children, etc 107, 622 Navy invalid pensioners 4, 782 Navy widows, minor children, etc 2, 583 Survivors of the war of 1812 86 Widows of soldiers of the war of 1812 5, 425 Survivors of the Mexican war 14, 149 Widows of sold iers of the Mexican Avar 7, 369 Survivors of Indian wars (1832 to 1842) 2, 544 Widows of survivors of Indian wars (1832 to 1842) 1, 338 Army nurses 284 Actof June 27, 1890: Army invalid pensioners 365, 084 Army widows, minor children, etc 77, 838 Navy invalid pensioners 12, 119 Navy widows, minor children, etc 4, 114 The total amount expended for pensions during the fiscal year was $150,740,407.14. The amount due 5,901 pensioners June 30, 1893, who were not paid for want of time, and who were to be paid out of the funds appropriated for the fiscal year 1894, is $1,309,945.29. Tbe Commissioner estimates that the approi^riatioii of $105,000,000 for the fiscal year 1894, will be ample. It is almost certain that several millions will be turned back into the Treasury. The estimates for the fiscal year 1895, $100,000,000, have already been submitted. Pension Laws. — The Commissioner recommends a codification of the pension laws, with such slight changes as will make them harmo- nious. At present they consist of many separate acts, framed with little reference to each other, and often giving rise to i)eri)lexing ques- tions in the settlement of claims for accrued pensions, etc. 57G REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Work of the Bureau. — Precedence is no longer given in the Bureau to cases under tlie act of June 27, 1890, but claims for pension under the i)rior laws, for disabilities of service origin, are now adjudi- cated in their order, where the evidence is complete. So far from hold- ing back this class of claims, I agree with the Commissioner that they should have i)recedence as being older and more meritorious. Special Examination Division. — An intelligent corps of special examiners is of the highest importance, not only for the discovery and prevention of frauds, in which they annually save the Government many times the amount of the expense incurred, but for the discovery and bringing to light evidence which will aid honest and deserving claimants in establishing their claims. Their sole duty and aim is to get at the real facts of every case examined; and all examinations of witnesses relative to particular claims are made after notice to the claimants, who may participate therein, and may themselves procure witnesses for examination. The work of this division has largely increased, and its force should be augmented. An additional ai)propriation of 8300,000 has been asked for the present fiscal year for the per diem and expenses of special examiners. Law Division. — The Law Division is charged with very imporant duties, including all matters ^relating to the standing and conduct of attorneys and claim agents and their fees; all questions of law arising in the Bureau, and upon appeals to the Secretary of the Interior, and all cases of fraud or improper practices brought to light by the special exafniners, or otherwise. The chief of the Law Division and his prin- cipal assistants are men of superior ability and attainments, and are well deserving of higher comj)eusation than they are now receiving. It seems but just that they should Imve salaries corresi^ondiug with those of the principal officers of the Medical Division. Certificate Division. — Certificates issued during the fiscal year: The total uumber of certificates issued 192,188 The aggregate of persons added to the rolls 123,634 The total number dropped from all causes 33,6S0 First payments were made upon 184,494 claims, amounting to $33,- 750,549.38. First payments were made upon 127,980 original claims, amounting to 820,815,008.89. First payments upon old law increase claims, and additional claims under the act of June 27, 1890, amounted to 84,081,284.70. The average value of all original payments during the year was $209.52. Average of same under act of June 27, 1890, was $170.30. The average annual sum paid to the 900,012 pensioners on the rolls was $130,510,179.34, and the average annual value of each pension was $135.10. There remained at the close of the year, in the hands of agents and in the Treasury, an unexpended balance of the appropria- tion, $2,437,371.40. REPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 577 During the past five fiscal years certificates have been issued as follows : 1888 113,173 1889 115, 298 1890 151, 658 1891 250, 565 1892 311, 589 1893 192, 188 Land Warrants. — During the year there were issued 11 bounty- laud warrants; 298 claims for land warrants were rejected, and 113 such claims were pending at the close of the year. SuRYiYORS AND WIDOWS OF FORMER, WARS. — Fifteen widows and two daughters of veterans of the Eevolution constitute the pension roll of that war. Eighty- six survivors of the war of 1812 constitute the remnant of that list. The Annual Value of the Dropped-Pensioners' Eoll. — The annual value of the 33,G90 pensioners dropiied from the roll was $4,878,146.21. Pension Frauds. — The report of the Commissioner calls attention to the fact that wholesale frauds were discovered by the work of intel- ligent special examiners at isTorfolk, Ya., and in ISTew Mexico and Iowa. In the first two instances mentioned, hundreds of fraudulent pension claims had been allowed by the Bureau upon testimony manufactured and forged by the claim agents, and other hundreds of like claims from the same claim agents were pending in the Bureau. In the Iowa case, the claim agent had secured control of several local medicalboards. This was usually accomplished through insidious meth- ods, as by having the claimant, a brief time before examination, go to the member of the board for prescription or treatment, paying his fee and repeating this iiractice so often that the surgeon could not fail to under- stand that the real object was to give him additional pay from the claimant to induce a high rating for his client. The Commissioner promptly dismissed the examining boards, and the agents and some of the examining surgeons are now being prosecuted. The stoppage of payment of illegal pensions in these three places alone has saved the Government an amount annually nearly equal to the ex- pense of the entire force of special examiners. When it is remembered that this work of the examiners has been in progress for but six months, and that the payment of the pensions would have continued for an aver- age of nearly twenty years, the immense saving to the Government can be realized. Besides, these pensions were being obtained through fraud, and how can public money be better spent than to prevent dishonesty? Act of June 27, 1890, — Under this act, aside from the requisite services and honorable discharge, there is but one condition that can give a right to pension, viz : A mentaj or physical disability of a permanent cliaraotcr, not the result of their OTm vicious hahits, which incapacitates from the performance of manual labor in Buch a degree as to render them unable to earn a support. Ab. 93 37 578 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. On the IStli day of October^ 1890, Order 164 was issued by tlio Com- missioner, witli the api^roval of the Assistant Secretary. It directed that si^ecific disabilities shonhl be rated under the act of June 27, 1890, as they wouhl have been rated under the sehednles then in force for disabiUties of service origin, up to $12 j)er month. The medical ref- eree stated in answer to au inquiry that under this order the capacity of claimants to i^erform manual labor was not considered in adjudi- cating their claims. On January 7, 1893, Assistant Secretary Bussey, in the application of Henry W. Weike for pension, officially construed the act of June 27, 1890, and held that to entitle the applicant to pension the disability must be of a character to incapacitate from the performance of manual labor in such a degree as to produce inability to earn a support. While this was the clear language of the act of Congress, Order 164 had cansc'd its erroneous disregard by the Pension Bureau. A copy of the decision in the Weike case will be found in the apiiendix. On May 27, 1893, in the Bennett case, this question was again before the Secretary's office. The decision in the Weike case was affirmed, and the Commissioner was directed to have an examination made to determine what pensions had theretofore been allowed under the second section of the act of June 27, 1890, in disregard of the terms of said act, and in conflict with the ruling of the Department in the case of Charles T. Bennett. A copy of the decision in the Bennett case, and the order setting aside Order 1G4, will be found in the ap- pendix. In pursuance of this order, a board of revision was formed of the ablest and most experienced men in the Pension Bureau, with instructions to examine the cases allowed under the act of June 27, 1890, and to cull out such as hnd no legal basis to rest upon. In cases where it was believed that the pensions could not be sustained, and another medi- cal examination was thought necessary, the payment of the pensions was ordered to be suspended jiending investigation. This was done by the Commissioner of Pensions in i3ursuance of the uniform prac- tice of the Bureau as it had existed almost from the organization thereof. The pensioner was not dropped from the rolls, but payment of his pension was suspended, and the usual sixty days notice was given to the pensioner in which he could ask for a medical examination, or supply further evidence of his right to a pension. The examination of his I)roof having disclosed that he was not entitled to a pension, he was told that the payment of his pension was suspended until he could put on record a case which would authorize payment according to the terms of the act of Congress. It was found that many thus suspended were able to supply the proof, when notice was given that proof was required j and to these, payment was at once resumed. The former practice in regard to suspensions REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 579 was also modiiied in cases wliere tlie proof ou file disclosed the fact that tlie pensioner was entitled to some rating, altliougli not to tlie rating wliicli had been allowed him. A copy of this order will be found in the appendix. Board op Pension Appeals. — The work of this board comes under the immediate supervision of the Assistant Secretary. Its duties involve the investigation of such cases as are appealed from the decis- ions of the Commissioner of Pensions, While, theoretically, the Sec- retary passes upon all these applications for review, for years it has been impracticable for him even to read and sign the decisions. They are prepared by the members of the Board of Pension Appeals, and with the exception of cases involving some new principle of importance, are approved and returned to the Commissioner of Pensions by the Assist- ant Secretary. A full ijresentation of the work of the Board of Pension Appeals will be found in the report of the Assistant Secretary contained in the appendix. THE PATENT OFFICE. The report af the Commissioner of Patents upon the business of the Patent Office for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, shows that, includ- ing applications for patents for inventions, for designs, reissue patents, for registration of trademarks, labels, and prints, and for caveats, the total number of applications received was 45,938; number of patents granted, 23,471; trademarks and prints registered, 1,885; patents with- held for nonpayment of final fee, 3,079; letters patent expired, 13,072. The total receipts were $1,288,809.07 and the expenditures $1,111,- 444.22, leaving a surplus of $177,304.85 to be turned into the Treasury and increasing to $4,279,805.94 the amount in the Treasury to the credit of the patent fund. Comjyaratire siatemcnt. Receipts. Expenditures. June 80,1889. Juno 30, 1890. Juno 30, 181)1. Juno 30, 1892. June 30, 1893. $1, 186, 557. 22 1, 347, 203. 21 1, 302, 794. 59 1, 2G8, 727. 35 1. 288, 809. 07 $999, G97. 24 1,081.173.56 1, 145, 502. 90 1,114,134.23 1,111,444.22 Number of applications for patents, inchiding reissues, designs, trade-marks, labels, aud prints — Juue30,1889 39,703 June 30, 1890 43, 810 June 30, 1891 43, 616 June 30, 1892 43, 544 June 30, 1893 43,589 580 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Applications awaiting action on tlie part of tlie office — July 1, 1889 7, 073 July 1, 1890 6, 585 Julyl, 1891 8,911 July 1,1892 9,447 July 1, 1893 8, 283 The Commissioiier stutes that, while impressed with the necessity of strict economy iu the aclmiuistratioii of his office, he has found that the proper development of the patent system demands two important additions to the resources of the office, iu order to properly assist the aj)plicant to secure his patent and to serve the public by preventing the issue of duplicate or otherwise invalid patents. In the interest of applicants he proposes to establish a classification division for the purpose of philosophically classifying the 533,077 Ijateuts already issued, together with the eu tire mass of foreign patents and ijriuted publications constituting the field of search in the case of every application for i)atent, and* he recommends that the following force be provided for this work: One chief of division, at $2,750 iDer annum; 2 first assistant examiners, at $1,800 each; 2 second assistant examiners, at $1,C00 each; 3 third assistant examiners, at $1,400 each; 36 fourth assistants, at $1,200 each; 4 clerks, 2 at $1,200 and 2 at $1,000 each; 2 copyists, at $900 each; and 2 assistant messengers, at $720 each. Incident to the proper inauguration of this policy, he also recommends the increasing of the appropriation for the scientific library to $10,000. The Commissioner further i^roposes in the interest of the public to provide a systematic method of examination of industries to which patents iiertain as they actually exist iu the country at large. Patents now go to issue upon the result of searches among books and docu- ments, and the disparity is often wide between industries as there exhibited and as actually conducted in factories and in commerce. To carry this policy into effect it is necessary that some part of the examin- ing force be detailed temporarily to acquaint themselves in a practi- cal way with the industries to which the work of their respective divisions relates, and an appropriation for this purpose of $1,250 is recommended. An appropriation of $750 is also urged as necessary to provide for the transportation of patents and publications to foreign countries and to permit of the acceptance of foreign exchanges; the declination of valuable exchanges often becomes necessary, owing to lack of funds to pay for the transportation of the same. The increase of the issue of the Official Gazette of the Patent Office is suggested, in order that it be furnished free to small libraries other than public libraries, when they are accessible to mechanics, inventors, or students. The present law, act of May 18, 1872 (17 Stat., 131), re- quires that the libraries should be free in order to have the Gazette REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 581 free, and this excludes nearly all maintained by associations, trades, and business establisliments for the benefit of those connected with them. The necessity for the amendment of the law is apparent. Attention is called to the fact, of which mention has been made in previous reports, that there are seventy-six copyists in the Patent Office receiving a salary of but $720 per annum, whereas the lowest salary paid copyists in the other bureaus of the Department is $900. It is submitted that such discrimination is unjust and unwise, and has the effect of causing the loss, from time to time, of trained emjiloyes, who seek transfers to other bureaus in which, for the same service, they will receive $900. The Commissioner adverts to the overcrowded and congested con- dition of the office as an obstacle to the transaction of public business, repeatedly brought to the attention of Congress by his i^redecessors, and concludes that — With the growth of the office it is worse to-day than ever before in the history of the system. The crowding of the employi^s and the defects of ventilation, light, and heat are such as are not tolerated in private business establishments and would not be permitted by any factory inspector in a State having factory laws. In my judgment it is not only a public loss, but a daily wrong to the employ<58 of the Government. It will never be righted, nor can the public business be transacted with reasonable dispatch, until this Bureau is accorded the exclusive occupancy of the Patent Office or until a new and commodious Pat^t Office building is authorized and built. There can be no doubt that additional buildings must be constructed for the Department of the Interior. The Patent Office should occupy alone the building erected for it, while the other bureaus, with the exception of the Pension Bureau, should be provided with suitable per- manent quarters. CENSUS. The Census had already been in progress for so long a time when, during the month of March, it came under the control of the present administration that, at first, it was deemed wise to leave its conclusion to the former management. On the 31st of July Mr. Porter resigned the office of Superintendent of the Census, and presented a report showing that during the year the following volumes of the final report had been published, and the first two distributed: "Mineral Resources of the United States," and " Wealth, Debt, and Taxation — Part I : Public Indebtedness." 582 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. His report also showed the coudition of the census on July 31, by the follo\Yina' table; Titles. Number of pages. Total. In type. Plated. Mineral Indus trios 874 902 294 886 SCO 768 791 .328 t;37 874 Wealth, Debt, aud Taxation 002 Alaska - 294 Indians 127 108 294 242 328 347 759 450 Transportation Insurance 474 549 Vital aud Social Statistics Manuf aotures Crime. Pauperism, and Benevolence 290 Chnrehes Population 541 541 Fish nud Fislieries Education Agriculture Farms, iIouu>s, and Mortgages Compendium, Part I 1,098 754 148 1 098 Compendium, Part 11 606 Total 8.433 2,135 6.298 Financial Eeport. — The total disbursements on account of the Eleventh Census, up to and including July 31, 1893, amounted to $9,408,582.81, paid from appropriations, as follows : Expenses Eleventh Census $7, 719, 903. 59 Farms, homes, and mortgages* 1, 151, 157. 12 Printing-, engraving, and binding 597, 522. 10 Total 9,468,582.81 Grand total of pay rolls to July 31, 1893 4, 146, 565. 00 Prior to the filing of this report, I had been led to believe that the Census was rapidly approaching comi)letiou, and that it would be finished within the time prescribed by the act of Congress, namely? December 31, 1893; but a conference of the chiefs of the various divisions satisfied me that a radical change was necessary to improve the work of the Census, and to bring it to a comxdetion. After careful consideration, and conference with the best statisticians of the country, it was determined that the services of Mr. Carroll D. Wright should be secured to close the work. Congress promptly authorii?ed his assigu- ment, while filling the office of Commissioner of Labor, to perform the additional duties of Superintendent of the Census, and he was so appointed. Congress also extended the time for the completion of the Census to July 1, 189-1. I now feel all confidence that every effort is being conscientiously made to bring the Census to a close, and to render it as useful as possi- ble when finished. A recent report from the Commissioner of Labor in charge shows the following summary of work in the Census Office from August 1 to October 31, 1893: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 583 Summary of work in Census Office, August 1 to October SI, 1S93. ADMIXISTKATIOX. Emploj'^s : Number on clerical roll August 1, 1893 1, 050 Dismissed, resigned, and died 187 Appointed and reinstated . Total October 31, 1893 Special agents on roll August 1, 1893 34 Transferred to clerical roll, dismissed, and resigned 17 Total October 31, 1893 Total number of emi)loyes October 31, 1893 FINAXCIAL STATEMENT. Balance to credit of appropriations August 1, 1893: Expenses Eleventh Census $461, 246. 45 Farms, homes, and mortgages 179, 369. 97 Printing and binding 2. 597. 80 '■ $643, 214. 22 Disbursements August 1 to November 4, 1893 : Expenses Eleventh Census 210, 040. 58 Farms, homes, and mortgages 25, 676. 55 Printing and binding 1, 098. 79 236,815.92 Balance to credit of appropriations November 5, 1893: Expenses Eleventh Census 251, 205. 87 Farms, homes, and mortgages 153, 692- 42 Printing and binding 1, 499. 01 863 122 985 17 1,002 406,398.30 Number of Pages in Proof. — The exact progress of the work from July 31 to October 31 — three months — is best represented by bringing the pages of plated proof at the two dates into direct comparison, as shown in the following statement, the additional number of images pre- sented to plate proof during the period being 1,805: Census reports and compendium. N lunber of pages plated. Report on- August 1. 1 Total increase 1,805 Complete. Comi)lete. Wealtli, debt, and taxation, I 1 ■ Wcaltb, debt, and taxation, II 1 Alaska Complete. 759 452 549 474 , Indians 759 452 644 7G8 Transportation - -,.. Vital statistics 95 Insurance 294 Manufactures Crime, pauperism, and bene volcnee 290 8(J9 579 Churclios Social statistics Population 539 539 Fish and tisberies Education 150 150 Special classes Agriculture Parms, homes, and mort "'ages . - - Compendium, I Complete. 006 754' Compendium, II 148 584 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. The Completion of the Census.— A careful examination of all tLe work contemplated by the act providing for the Eleventh Census warrants the statement that nearly all, if not all, the principal reports called for can be put into the hands of the printer before the expira- tion of the present limit; that is, June 30, 1894. More than half of the reports will be completed some months prior to that date. The report on Population and that on Farms, Homes, and Mortgages may be delayedbeyond the limit. Changes made in the report on ]M anufactures will undoubtedly enable the office to complete that part of its work late in the spring of 1894. All text of forthcoming reports will be limited to the analyses of the statistics presented, with proper comparisons of the past with the present. While this will not shorten the time much, it will condense the reports to statistical bases and is in line with the oft-repeated policy of the Census Office, that the Eleventh Census should be purely a sta- tistical censns. An effort is being made to bring out at an early day the reports on the three great and leading divisions of the census — i)opulatiou, agri- cnlture, and manufactures. The Cost of Completinq the Census. — The present force is as large as can be economically employed. As the census draws to a close the highest grade of clerical service is required, and many clerks who were perfectly competent during the cruder parts of the tabulation, now prove to be incompetent when the best arithmetical skill is required. It is also difficult to distribute a large force when the final tabulations and revisions and compilations are being made, but the present force can be maintained for several months. The appropriation now available will allow this up to the 1st of Feb- ruary, 1891, when additional ai)propriations will be absolutely necessary. For the clerical work of the census a new appropriation, something less than $400,000, will be ample to complete it. Specific statciiients can be made later on, and which will show more clearly the exact sum necessary. Extra provision will have to be made for the printing and binding of the final results of the census. It will also be necessary to provide for the binding of the original returns of the Eleventh Census. The cost of binding the returns of the Tenth Census was about 82 per volume. As the schedules employed in 1890 were much smaller than those in 1880, the cost need not exceed from $1 to 81.25 i^er volume, but the number of volumes Avill aggregate nearly 18,000. Provision should be made at an early date for binding this number of volumes of original returns. In all i)robability, therefore, the completion of the Eleventh Census will require, in round numbers, further appropriations to the extent of 8500,000. Of course, should Congress order large numbers of any specific reports, especial i^rovision will be made for x^rinting them. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 585 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Tlie money appropriated for the work of tlie Geological Survey for the fiscal year 1892-'93 was $376,000, while for the preceding year it was $596,000. This reduction of $220,000, or about 37 per cent, necessi- tated extensive reorganization and curtailment of work. Such reorgan- ization was promptly effected after the passage of the annual appro- priation bill, and the Bureau adjusted to the new condition. The adjustment was so arranged as to impair the efficiency of the Bureau as little as possible. Little change was necessary in the topographic branch of the work, and the snrveys carried on as in former years yielded 91 manuscript atlas sheets, covering 26,000 square miles, situated in 21 States and Territories. In the geologic branch, the energies of the force were almost wholly given to completing office work on field observations already made and data gathered. This resulted in the completion of a large number of geologic atlas sheets ready for i)ublication, and in the arrangement of a large amount of geologic notes ready for either pub- lication or for permanent preservation in the archives of the Survey. In the paleontologic branch, the same general policy was pursued. Substantially no field work was done, and the work of such paleontolo- gists as were retained in the Survey was given to the study and arrangement of the collections and material already gathered. Work in chemistry was confined similarly to the absolutely essential routine analyses needful in connection with the work of the geologists. The work on the physical characteristics of rocks and in terrestrial physics which has been carried on almost from the organization of the Survey, and which has yielded many interesting and valuable results, it was found necessary to discontinue. In the accompanying report of the Director of the Geological Sur- vey, will be found a summary of the work done and the results achieved by this laboratory, and a summary of the work accomplished by the paleontologic branch, showing their relations to the other work of the Survey and their economic importance to the great industries of the country. The value to scholars, engineers, miners, and to commerce of the work carried on by the Geological Survey is attested bj' the growing demand for its maps, memoirs, and reports, and by the increased value of the mineral product of the country, which has increased at a much higher rate than the increase in i)opulation, largely aided, it is believed, by scientific direction and official research. 58G REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. BUREAU OF EDUCATION. The Commissioner of Education reports that he gave much time during- the past year to the work of i)reparation for the international congresses upon education hekl at Chicago in connection with the World's Columbian Exposition. This work consisted in collecting by correspondence and from documents in the Bureau the names of many thousand educationists in all parts of the world, and in forwarding to them invitations to attend the congresses; also in the i)reparation of an elaborateprogramme of topics to be presented by papers and discussions. The Commissioner considers these educational congresses and the educational exhibits at the World's Fair to be of unusual significance, in view of the changes in educational systems now in progress through- out the world. He has provided for a careful study and report of the educational exhibits. A summary of the work of the Bureau shows, among many other items, 18,271 letters, 18,019 circulars, and 27,525 statistical forms sent out, and 125,395 documents distributed; 8,959 home and foreign jour- nals and reviews examined, and 20,773 college catalogues assorted. The educational library possesses 52,790 books and 130,000 pamphlets. The statistics of the last year not being yet available, a comparative showing of the pupils, teachers, and expenditures of the public schools of the United States for three i)revious years is given, as follows: Tears. 1889-'90 . 1890-91 . 1891-'92 . Pupils enrolled. 12, 722, 581 13, 048, 282 13, 203, 786 Teacber.s. Total Male. 125, 525 123, 287 121, 551 Female. e^P^ditures. 233, 397 245, 098 374, 431 $140,500,715 148,738,251 155, 982, 942 Two Annual Reports and eleven other documents, aggregating 5,387 printed pages, were sent within the year to the Public Printer for pub- lication. The process of putting in operation the act of Congress of August 30, 1800, in aid of colleges of agriculture and the mechanic arts, was completed witliin the year, and all the States and Territories coming within the purview of the act were recommended in June for certifica- tion as entitU^d to the installment of the fund for the next fiscal year. A tabulation of the financial reports of the presidents of the institu- tions benefited shows among other items the amounts received by each from the United States land grant of 18G2, from the experiment-station act of 1887, and from the additional endowment act of 1890, in comx)ar- ison with the amount received from the State and other sources. The administration of education in Alaska has been as successful as could be expected with a reduced appropriation ($40,000 in lieu oi $50,000 allowed the previous year). The assistant agent was sent on a REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. - 587 tour of iuspectioii of scliools througliout soutlieasteru Alaska, while tbe general agent prosecuted the experiment of introdacing domesticated reindeer into the Arctic regions, for which purpose Congress had made an appropriation of $0,000. The few deer placed at Unalaska and the herd of 175 at Port Clarence (with funds subscribed by private parties) w^e found to have thriven dming the winter, showing an increase of 79 fawns and oidy 11 deaths. Port Clarence is a good harbor just south of Behriug Strait, selected as the reindeer station by reason of its nearness to Siberia (whence the animals are obtained), its abundant pasturage, and its convenience as a distributing point. Here a comfortable house was built, and during the past winter a number of Alaskan boys were instructed in the care and manage- ment of the deer by two Siberian herders, and were taught in school by the two white teachers, who also served as superintendents of the station. This past summer 127 additional deer were imported, and the total of the herd is now 315. Great hopes are based on this experiment as a possible plan for stocking Arctic Alaska with food, providing means of transportation, and furnishing the natives a con- siderable list of articles of commercial value. By reason of the decrease of the appropriation for education in Alaska, heavy reductions were made in the amounts allowed to contract mis- sion schools; the salaries of teachers were generally reduced, and three public schools were suspended (those at Klawack, Kake, and Karluk). The still greater reduction in the appropriation for the current year ($30,000) is regretted. A reversal of this policy and a restoration of the annual grant to $50,000, the amount allowed for three consecutive years, is strongly urged by the Commissioner. BUREAU OF RAILROADS. The report of the Commissioner of Railroads contains full information respecting the condition for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, of the several railroad companies coming under the jurisdiction of his office. - AUTHORITY CONFERRED BY THE ACT OF JUNE 19, 1878. The Commissioner explains the functions of his office, under the act establishing it, and calls attention to the neglect of certain of the lantl- grant railroad companies to make reports in accordance with the pre- scribed forms. The most important function of the office is the ascertainment of the amounts due the Government by the several bond-aided railroad com- panies under the provisions of the Tliurmnn act. The beneficiaries under this act are the Union Pacific, Central Pacific, Western Pacific, Central Branch Union Pacific, and the Sioux City and Pacific Railroad com- panies. 588 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. A history of Pacific railroad legislation is given, with information concerning the issnes of bonds and grants of land to the railroad com- panies "whose roads are in Avhole or in part west, north, or sonth of the Missonri River, the confluence of the Mississippi and Missonri rivers being fixed as the dividing line. Meaning of Net Earnings. — The most important question iniiti- gation, arising nnder the Thurman act, *. e., as to what constituted "net earnings" within the meaning of the law, was finally held by the Supreme Court to exclude expenditures for new construction and new equipment. (99 U. S., 402.) Litigation Pending. — The suit of the Union Pacific Eailway Com- pany to recover amounts collected from it on account of the earnings from the bridge across the Missouri Eiver between Council Bluifs and Omaha, is pending in the Court of Claims, the contention of the com- pany being that, as the bridge was not constructed by the aid of bonds, it is not subject to the requirements of law with respect to the payment of a percentage of net earnings. It is olso contended that the Govern- ment is not entitled to a iDercentage of the net earnings derived from the oj)eration of its Pullman association cars. In assuming the contrary the Commissioner is sustained by the decision of the Supreme Court in United States v. The Union Pacific Eailway Company (99 U. S., 419), wherein the court held the net earn- ings ''must be regarded as embraeing all the earnings and income derived by the comimny from the railroad proper, and all the apper'd- ages and appurtenances thereof, including its ferrj'' and bridge at Omaha, its cars and all its property and apparatus legitimately con- nected with its railroad." Under this decision the net earnings from the sources mentioned have been included in the amounts found due from that company. Condition of the Properties. — The Commissioner, by personal inspection, found the condition of the properties of the Union and Central Pacific railroad companies to be good. The books and accounts of the bond-aided companies were examined by the book- keeper and the amounts due the United States carefully ascertained. Full statements of the financial condition of the companies are con- tained in the report. Union Pacific Eailway Company. — The Union Pacific Eailway Company, including the Kansas division, shows an increase in net earnings over the previous year of 8058,184.19. The amount found due the United States under the act of 1804 (Kansas division) and the act of 1878 (Union division) was $42,081.27 in excess of the previous year. Central Pacific Eailroad Company.— The net earnings of the Central Pacific Eailroad Company for 1892 show a falling off of $570,019.89 as compared with 1891 ; the requirement for 1892, under the act of 1878, being $30,407.94 less than for 1891. This is due to the decreased earnings of the aided portion of the road. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 589 Sioux City and Pacific Railroad Co:mpany. — By reason of an increase of -$100,825.22 in tlie amount expended for new equipment, tlie net earnings of tlie Sioux City and Pacific Railroad Company were reduced to $20,385.32, wliicli, being insufficient to pay the interest on the first mortgage bonds, the 5 per cent of net earnings under the acts of 1802 and 1804 are not due the United States. (Uuited States v. Sioux City and Pacific Raih^oad Company, 99 U. S., 492.) Oue-half the amount of Government transportation for the year, however, viz, $14,407.03, is due the United States. Central Branch Union Pacific Railroad Company.— The Cen- tral Branch Union Pacific Railroad Compauy shows an increase in net earnings over 1891 of $107,745.50, and a corresponding increase in the amount found due the United States, under the acts of 1802 and 1804, of $13,330.79. Recommendations. — In explaining that the debts of the comi)anies are steadily increasing under the operation of law, the Commissioner calls attention to the fact that the Thurman Act is applicable only to two of the bond-aided roads, instead of to all, which latter is made the subject of a recommendation, as follows: I recommend that section 4 of the act apiiroved May 7, 1878, otlierwise known as tlie " Thurman Act," he amended so as to embrace within its provisions all of the Pacific railroads which have received from the United States bonds in aid of constrnction. He also recommends that accounts for transportation services ren- dered the Government, including the carriage of the mails, be trans- mitted through his office to the proper accounting officers of the Treas- ury; the object being to lodge all information respecting the bond-aided roads in some one Bureau. He also recommends the appointment by the President of a commis- sion with full ijower to settle the indebtedness of the bond-aided com- panies to the Government. The Commissioner's report is accomx^anied by four appendixes and six tables, giving full financial and statistical information with re- gard to the bond-aided and land-grant railroad companies coming under the supervision of his office. REPORT OF GOVERNMENT DIRECTORS. The report of the Government directors of the Union Pacific Rail- way Company, taken in connection with the report of the Commissioner of Railroads, is of importance. The directors report, as the result of personal examination, that the physical condition of the system is excellent. The condition and character of the motive power has never been so good, nor the freight and passenger equipment so extensive. ISTotwithstanding this enlargement of the business capacity, and the improvement of the traffic facilities of the railway, the directors report a considerable decrease in earnings for the fiscal year. (The report of the 5i)0 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Comiuissioiier of Eailroads, in respect to earnings and expenses, "was for tlie calendar year and for the bond-aided portion of the road only). The rei)ort upon the entire system is as follows: 1892. 1893. Difference. lncrea.se. Decrease. ^amiiiti^s - -. $44, 547, 640. 39 28,521,110.25 .$44, 240, 713. 27 28, 695, 792. 20 $306, 927. 12 HiXDBiises - -. . .$174, 681. 95 The directors mention the creation by the comj)any, in September, 1891, of a collateral trust, lor the purpose of relieving itself from the pressure of its large and unmanageable floating debt, for which jnir- pose snbstantially all the bonds, stocks, and other available assets of the company "were transferred to the firm of -Drexel, Morgan & Co., as trustees. By the terms of the indenture of ti'ust it was provided that collateral trust notes, properly certified by the trustees, might be issued to the extent of $24,000,000,- and that these notes should be applied to the payment or extension of the existing floating debt, "U'hich, at the time ot the creation of the trust, amounted to about §20,000,000. The total amount of collateral trust notes issued "was $18,710,000. The estimated value of tlie property and assets covered by the pledge was 842,000,000. The amount of the outstanding collateral trust notes, "which had been canceled and retired at the date of the directors' report, "was $7,280,000, and the amount of notes outstanding $11,430,000; this re- duction having been effected by the sale of a portion of the collateral security. The security still held by the trustees has been recently aj)praised by the company as folloAvs : Bonds (estimated market value) $17, 503, 514. 60 Stocks (estimated market value) 7, 160, 396. 07 Total 24. 663. 910. 67 The directors caution those interested, ho"wever, from inferring from the foregoing statement that the trustees disposed of securities amounting in value to $17,000,000 in order to cancel and retire $7,000,- 000 in notes. The difference between the estimate of to-day and that of September, 1891, including both the securities sold and the allow- ance made in the decreased market value of the securities, is still on hand. The directors are satisfied that a prudent administration of the trust will result in the iiayment of all the notes outstanding and leave a considerable equity applicable to other requirements of the company. The directors call attention to the ajDproaching maturity of the debt due by the company to the United States (for full details of which see Table Ko. 1, published as an appendix to the Keport of the Commis- sioner of Eailroads), and renew the recommendations, so frequently REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 591 made by their predecessors, for a prompt and complete adjustment of the financial relations between the company and the United States. Their report was filed before the road wasplaced in charge of receiv- ers. Since that time the interests of the Government have been under the care of the Department of Justice. THE TERRITORIES. NEW 3IEXICO. The report of the governor states that there has been no material change in the population. The only substantial increase by way of immi- gration has been in localities favorable to irrigation enterprises, nota- bly in Eddy, Chaves, and San Juan counties, and on the INIaxwell grant, in Colfax County. The total assessed valuation of the property of the Territory is $^1,002,198. il. The debt of the Territory on August 29, 1893, was $911,712.27. The total entries at the several land offices for the year ended June 30, 1893, covered 15,027,348.97+ acres. During the same period 2,313 miles of Government lines were surveyed and established, 376 plats made, 95 mineral locations surveyed, and 2,000 claims for survey of small farms, under the ''small holdings" clause of the land-court act, ■were filed in the office of the Surveyor-General. The court of private land claims has been busily engaged consider- ing the numerous Spanish and Mexican land grant cases, establishing absolutely valid titles to just grants, and restoring to the i^ublic domain large areas improperly claimed. A recapitulation of the work of the court August 31, 1893, shows 202 cases filed for land in Xew Mexico; grants confirmed for land, 23; grants rejected, 7; cases appealed to Supreme Court by claimants, 4; by United States, 4; estimated total number of acres claimed, 1,558,875; estimated total confirmed, 739,595; cut and rejected, 819,280. The necessity of imme- diate surveys of the grants confirmed by the court and the small holdings passed upon by the Surveyor-General is dwelt upon. Agriculture. — Irrigation prospects, on which so much depends in New Mexico, are exceedingly promising, Xot only are vast works being constructed for saving and utilizing large bodies of water now going to waste, but especial attention is being given to the cultivation of new I)roducts, such as sugar beets and canaigre, the latter being a valuable tanning agent, averaging from ten to twenty tons per acre. Five years ago the Pecos Valley was a barren plain occupied by a half dozen cattle raisers; to-day it is a prosperous fiirming region, with a population of over 17,000 persons and two flourishing towns. The splendid system of irrigation in vogue in this region has brought about this wonderful development. The storage s^'stem to save the flood 592 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. and storm waters, wliicli is nearly perfected lias a capacity of over 15,000,000,000 cubic feet, the canals covering 500,000 acres, chiefly in New Mexico. Sixty thousand acres of land in this valley have already been dis- posed of to farmers, and 20,000 are now actually under «iultivation, yielding five cuttings of alfalfa per year of about 1^ tons per acre l^er cutting. Hundreds of orchards and vineyards have been planted and are already beginning to yield abundantly. Last season in the famous Mesilla Valley, Southern New Mexico, many orchards yielded SIO per tree, and this year the yield is so large that even at current prices the returns will be much greater. STOGK-RAisiNa. — Stock-raising, owing to the severe and continuous droughts of the past, has greatly decreased, but during this summer the abundant rains over the whole Territory have caused marked im- provement. In Eddy there has been quite a development in raising high- grade stock, over $200,000 worth of blooded horses and cattle having been imported into that country'" during the past year and a half. Mines and Mining. — Many mines in the Territory have closed down in the past year, owing to the decrease in the value of silver and lead and the great stringency in the money market. The Territory possesses splendid undeveloped resources, consisting of industrial minerals and precious stones. These in the near future will yield great revenue. There arc large beds of bituminous coal situated in nearly every county, and there is an extensive body of anthracite coal near Cer- rillos, in southern Santa Fe County. The quantity of coal mined during the past year at Gallup, on the Atlantic and Pacific Eailroad, 292,050 tons; at Blosburg and Eaton, Colfax County, 244,955 tons; at Cerrillos, Santa Fe County, 18,747 tons; at Monera, Eio Arriba County, 20,000 tons; at Carthage, Socorro County, 49,529 tons. In the southern part of Santa Fe County, in the county of San Mi- guel, and in several other places are to be found large deposits of gypsum. In Dona Ana County, on the San Augustin Plains, there exists the largest deposit of this mineral known in the world, of an exceedingly pure character. Carbonate and sulphate of soda, kaolin and fireclays, and alum beds are also to be found in New Mexico. Diligent prosiDCcting has revealed many new dei)osits of precious stones, among these being turquoises of great merit, and this industry bids fair to become one of the chief economic resources of New Mexico. Among the precious stones may be mentioned the so-called Montana sapphires, garnets, milk and fire opals, peridots, a gTeat variety of fine agates, besides petrified woods, fit for inlaying, mosaic work, or jewelry. Gold and silver quartz, valuable for fine work in jewelry, are produced from various mines. Indians. — The condition of the Indians remains about the same. REPORT OE THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 593 The recommendation made by Governor Prince in Ms last report tliat the Jicarilla Apache Agency be made a separate and independent agency is renewed. The two potent causes cited as responsible for the deterioration of the Navajoes are, first, the succession of very dry seasons, which have caused poor crops, a greater scarcity of forage, and consequent loss of many sheep and i)onies by starvation during the winters, a poor yield of wool, and the low prices received; second, the traffic in whisky. The development of a water supply upon the reservation is urgently rec- ommended to relieve the first source of trouble, and the appointment of special detectives or deputy marshals to secure the arrests and con- victions of prominent lawbreakers engaged in selling liquor to the Indians is given as the second remedial agent. Education. — Theimblic schools of the Territory are steadily improv- ing. The report of the sux)erintendent for the year ending December 1, 1892, shows an enrollment of 23,151 pupils, with an average daily attendance of 15,832; the number of teachers emx)loyed is 557, and there are 532 school districts. The school session averages four and one-half months. The private and religious institutions of learning are reported to be in a flourishing condition. Legislation. — The last legislature i)assed a law providing for a county court in every county where the county seat has a i)opulation of 2,000 or more; the court to have exclusive jurisdiction, in all civil causes arising in the county, except cases where the sum involved does not exceed $300, and to have concurrent jurisdiction with all justices of the peace in civil and criminal cases ; and that cases now on the docket of the district court may, upon request of either of the parties, be transferred to the proper county court. Provision is made for jury trials and the preservation of testimony, and that the records and dockets of such courts be kept in the same manner as jpro- vided for district courts. The approval of this act by Congress is strongly urged, as it will tend to relieve the congested condition of the dockets of the district courts, which have become so crowded that cases seven years old are pending therein. One provision of the act, however, is pronounced to be unwise, namely, the provision that in the first instance the judges shall be ap- liointed by the county commissioners, and after that elected. It is claimed that in view of the present condition of society in the Terri- tory, better and more competent judges can be obtained if they are ap- pointed by the governor, and therefore it is considered advisable to change the act of confirmation in this respect. ARIZONA. The governor in his report estimates the population at 65,000, of which 11,000 are Mexicans, mostly native born; 1,200 Chinese, and Ab. 93 38 594 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. about 5,000 belonging to other nationalities. There are 35,700 Indians who are not included in tlic above enumeration. The taxable property of the Territory is assessed at $28,480,183, the valuation of land being $1.50 per acre; cattle, $7.61 per head; horses, $24.18; sheep, ^2; and railroads, per mile, $5,490. The total debt, in- cluding municipal, county, and Territorial, is placed at a fraction over $3,000,000, of ^Yhich $1,500,000 was funded under act of Congress dur- ing the year in 5 i^er cent bonds, efiecting a saving of $32,000 annually to the Territory through the reduced rate of interest. There remains $1,500,000 of this debt to be refunded. Public Lands. — During the year 143,730 acres of land were entered for settlement and improvement and are being reclaimed to agriculture by irrigation. Eeglamation op Lands and Irrigation. — The settlement and cultivation of lands have been principally in the valleys, on the line of flowing streams. i:>J"ot more than 10,000 acres have been successfully cultivated in the Territory without the aid of irrigation, such land being located in the valleys of high altitude. There are 851 miles of irrigating canals, serving some 573,500 acre^s of land. In addition to the above there are a number of extensions of canals, constructions of reservoirs, and new canal systems in progress? which, when completed, will give in the aggregate 557 miles of canals, carrying water sufficient to reclaim over 2,044,000 acres of arid laud. The Arid Eegion.— Given the necessary means of irrigation, it is estimated that 10,000,000 acres of laud in Arizona can be reclaimed. Several plans are suggested for the accomplishment of this purpose, but the policy recommended as the most conservative and practical is the ceding by the Federal Government of the arid lands to the Terri- tory, with such limitations as to their disposal as might be deemed advisable. It is urged that if the arid lands were under the control of the Ter- ritory they could be utilized for securing of capital necessary for their reclamation, by granting each alternate section or less of lands reclaimed as a bonus to the investors. Agriculture. — The soil of the valleys and mesa lands is full of vitality, and under the influences of irrigation yields astonishing re- sults, two crops a year being not uncommon in many sections. Hay, especially alfalfa, is cut from four to six times annually, and cereals give a yield of from 30 to GO bushels per acre. The horticultural interests are also being developed on a large scale and with remaj'lvable success: Railroads and Commerce. — There are 1,104 miles of raik-oad in operation in the Territory, the Prescott and Phcenix road having con- structed GO miles during the year. When comjpleted, this road will unite northern aiul southern Arizona. The total customs duties received duringthe year from imports at ^ogales, Ariz., was $G0,G73.71, which is an increase of $10,675.20 over that of the previous year. Greater protec- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 595 tiou is needed for tlie customs district, as it is believed a large amount of illicit trade is carried on through jiortions of the line Tvhich it is impos- sible to protect with the small force of inspectors provided. The smug- gling complained of is chiefly that of Chinese and opium. Stock Raising. — Owing to a drought, extending over a period of the last two years, there has been a loss of from 50 to 60 per cent of range stock. The loss was in a measure aggravated by the heavy over- stocking of ranges. The recent rain, however, has given cause for much encouragement in this industry for the present year. The extent and character of grazing lands, areas, rainfall, forage grasses, breed- ing, increase, etc., are referred to and the grant of a legal tenure to grazing lands by Congress urged. The sheep industry gave a wool cut of 10,000,000 pounds for the year. Mines and Mining- Eesoueces. — During the year there has been great depreciation in the silver-mining industry, the output of silver being $287,436 against that of 1881, which was $6,278,893. This was the largest output for any one year. The closing of silver mines, however, has stimulated the gold-mining industry in a most satisfac- tory degree. The output for last year was over $1,000,000, and during the next year, it is confidently believed, the gold output will reach from $5,000,000 to $6,000,000. The copper output for the year was 38,000,000 ijounds. The total value of gold, silver, and base bullion given to the country by Arizona during the last 17 years is placed at $94,293,648. Forest and Lumber. — The timber region of the Territory is located chiefly in the northern and central parts of Arizona, and cov- ers an area of 10,750 square miles. It is estimated that the total quan- tity of pine timber fit for commercial purposes is 10,000,000,000 feet. The output. of lumber for last year is estimated at 12,000,000 feet. Education. — Arizona's public-school system, established in 1871, is fully abreast of the most advanced educational ideas. Last year, there were 275 teachers employed in the public schools of the Territory. There are 214 school districts, with 15,463 children of school age, of which 9,907 are enrolled on the school list. The total amount paid in salaries was $140,712.21, and the total exi^enditure of maintaining the schools for the year was $205,810. The total value of school property is $329,419.49. There are also a number of denomina- tional schools. The Territorial i^ormal School, the University of the Territory, the School of Mines, and the Agricultural College are i)rosperous and well patronized. A Territorial Eeform School was established by the last legislature for the confinement, discipline, education, employment, and reform of juvenile offenders in Arizona. Indians. — The condition of the Indians, all things considered, is quite satisfactory. The Apache depredations are things of the past, largely owing to the policy adopted during the last administration of Mr. Cleveland of removing the criminal and disturbing elements 596 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. among these Indians from tlie Territory to distant points of tlie country. Lack of water for farming purposes is tlie greatest draw- back on all the reservations, and liberal appropriations are recom- mended to supply this want, and thus enable the Indian to become self-sustaining by his own toil. Indian Schools. — There are 7,134 Indians of school age; the popu- lation available for schools is 4,280 and the children enrolled in schools 1,202. Of this number 799 are enrolled in Arizona schools and 403 out- side of the Territory. The school accommodation of the Territory for 1893 is 1,070. These training schools have given excellent results, especially in in- dustria.1 training, making good domestics of the girls and first-class farm help of the boys. The policy of sending Indian children out of Arizona to the East to be educated is questioned on the ground of health and for other reasons. The very heavy cost of transportation to and from their homes and the fact that the system of industry, especially farm- ing, is entirely different in Arizona from that which obtains east of the Mississippi Valley, are mentioned as additional objections. Trial of Indians. — The trial of Indians under Territorial law has, it is claimed, proved a failure, because the Federal Government has failed to reimburse the county governments of the Territory, which have expended large sums in the prosecution of Indians; and ofiQcers, under advice from their superiors, have grown negligent in arresting and punishing Indian offenders. Should the feeling become prevalent on the various reservations that law will not be enforced, a condition of affairs might arise which would materially impede the progress of the Territory and injure the Indian. The Colorado Kiver. — The improvement of the Colorado River in the interest of the western section of Arizona, as Avell as -portions of Nevada and southeastern California, is urged. Public Buildings. — Arizona has no public buildings erected by the Pederid Government, yet the customs duties and revenues collected in the district of Arizona last year reached the sum of $85,000. Not less than $10,000 is paid annually for the rent of Federal offices. It would be economy for the Government to make appropriations for the erection of necessary buildings, as the annual rental now paid would be a most liberal interest on a sufficient sum to construct them. Private-Land Claims. — The delay in the settlement of title to private-land claims under the Mexican Government is nearing a termina- tion. The creation of a Court of Private Land Claims, with jurisdiction to determine these titles at once, removed this vexed question from the legislative or i)olitical to the judicial branch of the Government, where the law and the facts affecting the same could be more carefully and deliberately considered and the sacred treaty obligations determined by courts of judicial learning rather than Congressional committees. There are twenty-one of these claims in Arizona, containing an area, according to the claimants, of about 6,000,000 to 7,000,000 acres. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY, OF THE INTERIOR. 597 Health and Climatic Conditions. — There is i^robably no sec- tion of tlie country which possesses climatic conditions more favorable to the restoration and preservation of health, especially for those suf- fering from pulmonary troubles, as Arizona, especially in its southern portions. Undeveloped Eesources. — The undeveloped resources of Arizona are boundless. Her mountains are threaded with gold and silver veins, large deposits of iron, silver, and lead, and other metals. An important industry in the course of development, and one which it appears will yield fabulous returns, is the production of canaigre or the tanning root, which is indigenous to this soil and climate. The demand for this plant for tanning and other chemical purposes is so great that it can not be met by the supply, a fact which suggests its cultivation as one of the most important industries of this region. It is authoritatively stated that the cultivation of canaigre will give a profit of $100 an acre. Social Conditions. — The progress of the Territory during the year in social condition has been marked. There have been more homes established and families permanently located, especially in the Salt Eiver Valley, than during HMy x^revious year. The increased strength of churches, reform organizations, and fraternal societies has been most gratifying. Statehood. — The report makes a strong plea for statehood, and claims for Arizona the population and taxable property to entitle it to the right of self-government. UTAH. The census of 1890 gives the population of Utah as 207,905. The governor in his rei)ort for the year 1893 estimates the x>opulation of the Territory as 240,805, an increase of 32,900. The population of the min- ing districts has decreased during the past six months because of the decline in the price of silver, while in other parts of the Territory it has increased. The assessed value of real and personal property and improvements for 1893 is $108,800,1115 and the assessed value of property in incor- porated cities and towns is $91,533,352, being an increase of $7,333,- 270.47 over that for 1892. The indebtedness of cities and towns for 1893 is stated to be $2,098,030, which is a decrease of $17,G48 from the preceding year. The residences erected in incorporated cities and towns, reported during fiscal year, are 182, valued at $218,850, and the number of business houses erected therein during said period is 42, valued at $179,500. Eeturns have not been received from Salt Lake City, Ogden, Provo, and Logan, the four principal cities of the Terri- tory, but it is safe to say that hundreds of fine public and private buildings have been erected in those cities, and that hundreds of thousands of dollars have been exi)ended in their construction. 598 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. The number of liorses and mules assessed iu the Territory for the year 1893 is 92,096, and the assessed value of the same amounts to $2,818, 895; number of cattle, 259,925, assessed value, $2,678,055; and number of sheep, 1,374,836, value $2,648,128. Forty-two banks of Utah show the following state of their business June 30, 1893: Capital, $5,693,613; deposits, $9,237,726. During the past year 36 miles of railroad extensions have been constructed, which, added to the i)revious mileage, makes an aggregate of 1,327.94 miles now in operation within the Territory. The number of entries at the United States Land Office for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, is 1,719, being an average of 348,788.90, and amounting to $94,717.48. The total business of the land office at Salt Lake City, from its opening in March, 1869, to the end of the past fiscal year, is as follows: Acreage, 6,245,869.20: amount, $1,409,941.75. The mineral product for 1892 is reported as $16,276,818.03. *PuBLic Buildings. — The rapid increase of population, business, and wealth of the Territory necessitates the erection of public buildings at Salt Lake City and Ogdeu, and the passage of bills for their erection is urgently recommended. The old capitol building at Fillmore should be granted to the Territory. Tereitoriax, Institutions. — The Eeform School, located at Ogdeu, is doing good work; also the Insane Asylum at Provo, which had $100,000 appropriated for its maintenance during 1892 and 1893. The University of Utah, at Salt Lake City, is permanently estab- lished, and doing well, but the present situation is too near business centers, and it is recommended that the institution be removed to a quieter location, where a larger tract of land can be secured. The report urges the early passage of the act now pending iu Congress granting to the Territory a portion of the Fort Douglass Military Eeservation for university purposes. Indians. — The Indians of the Territory are all quiet and peaceably disposed. The number ux^on the Uintah and Uncompahgre Ecserva- tions is about 2,000, and the number of acres within the reservation aggregates about 4,000,000. The lauds included within this reservation are some of the most fertile and well watered lands within the com- monwealth. As the acreage per capita for the Indians is so unneces- sarily large as to be entirely beyond reason, it is recommended that early provision be made for the allotment in severalty of suitable quantities of such land to the Indians, and that the remainder of the lands be then thrown open to the public for settlement. Any further removal of the Indians from Colorado or elsewhere to Utah would be a grave injustice and impediment to the progress of the Territory, and ought not to be considered, much less permitted. Educational. — The school lands, as a rule, are unoccupied and unproductive, and of little value without irrigation. The University and Agricultural College are maintained by direct REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 599 approx)riations from tlie general funclj beside these, general scliool taxes aggregating $360,000 are annually paid, apportioned proportion- ately to tlie scliool population, and expended to support free public dis- trictscbools. During tbepasttwo years SaltLakeCity and Ogden alone have expended $750,000 raised on bonds, to erect free school bouses; and hundreds of other districts have expended large sums for similar purposes, while the several churches have erected many magnifi- cent colleges. Agriculture. — The agricultural lands of the public domain are beiug settled as fa«t as irrigation can be procured, but as the cost of constructing canals is heavy, the settlement will necessarily be slow. Undeveloped Eesources. — There are within the Territory, moun- tains of the richest iron and copper ores, vast beds of coal, sulphur, and other valuable deposits, which only need the touch of capital and access to railways to bring into the markets of the world untold treasures. Legislation. — The practice of polygamy has been abandoned by the church and the people. Polygamous marriages are forbidden by the authorities of the church. The People's (or Church) Party has been dissolved and the conditions existing in the Territory are now in nowise different from those in vogue in the States of the Union. The Territory has a population of about 240,000, and an assessed tax- able valuation of $109,000,000. From a careful study of the conditions in this territory I can see no reason why the x)rivilege of statehood should be longer withheld, and I cordially support the application of Utah for admission to the Union. Utah Co:vmissioN. — The Utah Commission reports that the im- portant changes respecting the registration of voters and the time and manner of holding elections approved by the Territorial assembly March 10, 1892, are working a material saving in time and money to the electors and taxpayers. The Industrial Christian Home Association having ceased to use the grounds and buildings provided by certain acts of Congress, approved August 4, 1886, voluntarily delivered possession of the premises on July 1,1893, to the Utah Commission as a board of control, and the Commis- sion on August 1st transferred its ofldcial quarters thereto. The building is a large and handsome one, and the report states that it has room enough to accommodate all the Government offices in Salt Lake City, except the post-office and the courts, and if thus used would be the means of saving several thousand dollars annually in the way of rents. By the removal of some partitions abundant room could be provided for the two houses of the Territorial assembly, as well as for the public offices. It is recommended that a small appropriation be made to keep the building in repair. The Commission states that it found itself very much embarrassed GOO REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. ^vlien tlie time to begin the revision of the registration lists for the Kovember, 1S93, election came on, in consequence of the legal proposi- tion presented by the liroclamation of President Harrison of the 17th of February, 1893, granting amnesty and i)ardon to that class of the Mormon i)eoi)le who were, by the eighth section of the act of Congress of March 3, 1887, denied the right of registering and voting. After con- siderable reflection the following resolution w^as presented and unani- mously adopted : Whereas, a difference of opinion appears to exist as to tho efficacy of the amnesty granted by ex-President Harrison to relieve sexual offenders in Utah from prior dis- abilities to vote ; and Whereas, in the interest of the elective government that doubt ought to be solved in favor of the man : Therefore, Resolved, Tliat any person in the Territory otherwise qualified to vote, and who has abstained from committing any such sexual offense since November 1, 1890, ought, in the opinion of the Commission, for the reason aforesaid, to be permitted to register. It is stated that some of the most eminent lawyers and jurists of the Territory are of the opinion that a strict construction given to the acts of Congress and the opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States, upon the above question, would operate to the continued dis- franchisement of this class as electors, and it is recommended that Congress pass upon this important subject, because as a legal i^roposi- tion it is yet unsettled. A succinct history is given of the origin of the Commission, its organi- zation, the opposition originally manifested toward it by the people of Utah, and the changed conditions since, under which the obstacles thrown in the way of the proi^er discharge of its duties are passing away. It is stated that early in 1891 the Mormon or People's party formally and absolutely dissolved its organization. Soon after, the Gentile fac- tion informally and x)artially followed this exami)le. It furnished the material out of which the new parties in the Territory, Democratic and Eepublican, were formed, and which must, in the early future, absorb the remains of the Gentile.faction. The new parties are now competing for the palm of local i^olitical ascendency. Each is asking Congress for Territorial home rule, or statehood, but notably neither is asking by either of those measures, during their pendency, the discontinuance of the Utah Commission. The number of officers appointed by the Commission since the date of its last annual report, for the purpose of properly carrying into effect the election laws, aggregates, including those remaining to be ai)pointed with reference to the approaching November election, 2,667. Constitutional Amendment. — The Commission, in contemplation of the importance of securing the future against the return of the evils of polygamy, urgently recommends that an amendment to the Federal REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 601 Constitution be adopted, inhibiting i)olyg'amy and empowering Con- gress to prescribe the conditions of marriage and divorce and the man- ner of authenticating each. OKLAHOMA. The report of the Governor of Oklahoma gives most encouraging accounts of the rapid growth and prosperity of the Territory. Fine cities with electric lights, waterworks, and all modern conveniences have been built. The total population for 1890 is given as G0,416; that for 1893, 133,100 ; and for 1893, 151,213. The number of people on the Cherokee Strij) for the year 1893 is estimated at 100,000. The immigration of colored people from the South has very largely stopped, and now the number in the Territory is not great. The total assessed value of property in Oklahoma is reported as $11,485,102.45 for the year 1892, and $13,951,050.38 for 1893. The report states that there are at present but two trunk lines of railroad in the Territory, with a short line, the Choctaw Railroad. Several other lines are projected but have not yet been built. The total valuation of railroad interests is given as $349,082. There are 6 national banks in Oklahoma, each having a capital stock of $50,000, and 24 private banks, with capital stocks ranging from $10,000 to $50,000. Of the national banks, 5 have made reports showing a combined capital stock of $250,000; deposits, $685,547.87; loans and discounts, $322,573.08, ReiDorts made by 7 of the 24 private banks show an average caj)ital stock of $24,000 with average deposits $31,000, and average loans and discounts of $30,000. The financial statement of Oklahoma Territory, according to the latest rejoort of the Auditor, made Ai^ril 1, 1893, is as follows : Warrants issued to April 1, 1893, $47,184.89 ,• warrants redeemed to November 30,1893, $19,803.59; amount due on assessed valuation ($11,485,142.45) for 1892, $34,455.54; amount due from insurance licenses, $1,500; total due Territory for 1892, $35,955.54; deduct totat standing indebtedness April 1, 1893, $27,321.30; balance in favor of Territory, $8,034.24. Public Schools. — The iDublic-school system is in a flourishing con- dition. There are very few school districts without comfortable school houses, and in most instances no bonded indebtedness burdens them. Very nearlj^ $100,000 in cash and notes have been received from leas- ing the school lands. The suggestion is offered that should Congress make an appropriation for the benefit of the schools to be established in the Cherokee Strip, it would be money well spent. Colleges. — The Territorial University, located at Norman, is sup- ported by a one-half-mill tax, which will amount to about $8,000 per year. It has made an excellent start, a new building having just been comi)leted for the institution. The normal school at Edmond has also just completed a fine build- ing. The Agricultural and Mechanical College at Stillwater is the 602 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. best endowed of any of tlie scliools of the Territory, and bids fair to do most excellent work. Eacli of the above institutions has in attendance about one hundred students, with new ones constantly coming, and it is the aim to have these colleges correspond with the high school, making a complete system of education from the lowest to the highest grades. Agriculture. — The Territory is admirably adapted to growing almost every kind of plant, the soil and climate being unsurpassed. Wheat this year made a very line yield, averaging about 20 bushels to the acre all over the Territory. Some pieces are reiDorted as yielding 62 bushels to the acre. The soil yields good crops of corn and oats, averaging about 40 bushels to the acre. The entire Territory is reported to be well adapted for fruit-raisiug. Stock-raising will be one of the princii^al occupations in the future. Mining. — Exhaustless deposits of salt and gypsum are reported; and coal has been found at various places, and some iron ore; but no mines have as yet been oi^ened. There is a very fine quarry of flagging and building stone in. the Cherokee Strip near Arkansas. Many of the buildings in the cities of Oklahoma are built of native stone. Manufacturing. — Manufacturing is in its infancy, but offers great inducements to capital. Social, and Eeligious. — Society, which at first was disorganized, is now in a much better condition. Rufiiauism is fast on the wane and will soon be a thing of the past. The churches are expending in home- mission work not less than $60,000 per annum. Indians. — The allotment of lauds in severalty is earnestly recom- mended as the best solution of the problem of civilizing the Indians. The Cherokee Outlet. — The report of the Governor states that 115,000 booth certificates were issued to intending settlers on the lands in the outlet. It shows that the booth system has doue a vast amount of good in keeping out illegal claimants and will long continue to do so; the diflBculty exx)eyenced in registering at the booths having been far overbalanced by the check it i)laced upon fraud. In spite, however, of all that faithful officials could do, there were a number of "sooners" who took possession of some of the best lands and lots, and it is urged that no efibrt be spared to bring them to justice. The eastern part of the Cherokee Outlet is exceedingly fertile and will soon make a very wealthy community. Several fine towns have been built and large and permanent buildings are in i^rocess of erection. Public Buildings. — As yet no public buildings have been erected by the Territory for the public officers, and it is recommended that such be constructed at an early date. Very few of the counties have county buildings at present, and the Federal Government has no Ijublic buildings of any consequence. The soil of Oklahoma is rich, the resources great, and the develop- ment marvelous. It is to be hoped that at an early day this Territory may assume the responsibilities of statehood. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 603 ALASKA. The governor of Alaska reports increased activity in the gold- mining industry during the past year, many new claims having been located, and new mines opened with gratifying results. The efficient measures inaugurated by the Government to prevent the wasteful destruction of fish in Alaskan waters are bearing good results. The continued rains during the present season have so swollen the streams that the usual cateh could not be taken, and the pack will not be quite up to the yearly output. But 7,500 seal skins were taken by the ISTorth American Commercial Company, lessees of the islands of St. Paul and St. George, during the season of 1893. ' Militia. — The militia organization in Alaska is in a state of disin- tegration, the migratory habits of the people i)reventing such an organization from becoming permanent. Militia soldiers could only be used as home guards, or for i^olice duty in the immediate vicinity of their organization. To be of service to the Territory at large, each organized company would be under the necessity of having and main- taining steamboat transportation for their full complement of men, there being no roads or land travel possible in the country. In conse- quence of the above-mentioned difficulties the civil government of the Territory can only rely upon the United States Kavyj its cooperation, however, is assured, as the man-of-war Pinta is at the command of the governor. Liquor Traffic. — The present construction of the law prohibiting the importation, manufacture, or sale of intoxicating liquors in Alaska has given rise to a large traffic in smuggled liquors, mostly from Brit- ish Columbia, which the custom-house offices can not prevent and have not the means to suppress. It is recommended that either the law should be changed or the revenue officers provided with the means to enforce its provisions. iNDiAJNf Police. — The employment of Indian police by the Govern- ment has a tendency to establish confidential relations between the two races. The native policeman ta,kes great pride in the performance of his duty and has proven himself to be honest, promT)t, and efficient in preventing the sale of liquor and preserving peace aud good order amongst his people. His influence has also been exerted for good in the way of having the Indian children attend the Government schools. Education. — During the past year there were 14 Government and an equal number of contract schools in successful operation in the Ter- ritory. Eleven different denominations have established mission schools in Alaska. The Indian training school at Sitka has been in success- ful operation for a number of years, and has civilized, educated, and qualified for all the avocations of life and good citizenship many native young men and women. A new schoolhouse is urgently needed at 604 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Juneau City for the aceommodatiou of white children. Three other new schoolhouses should be erected next summer. It is urgently recom- mended by the governor that the appropriation for the education of children in Alaska for the fiscal year 1894-'95 be $G0,900. Introduction of Domestic Eeindeee. — The laudable work of im- porting domesticated reindeer into western Alaska, from the tame herds of Siberia, in order to arrest the present starvation of the natives of that region and form the basis of a permanent food supply, is pro- gressing. The money to pay the expense of the first and second pur- chases of reindeer in Siberia was donated by philanthropic individuals. On March 3, 1893, Congress made an appropriation of $G,000 for that purpose, which was put to immediate use. Public Buildings. — The several public buildings in the Territory, located at Sitka and Wraugel, have been repaired and put in good order at a nominal cost. One of the log houses at the latter place should be selected and arranged to accommodate the i)ost-ofiSce busi- ness, as TVrangel is a distributing office for many points in Alaska and British Columbia. Eecommendations. — The governor recommends that Congress, either by joint resolution or by bill, empower the governor of the Ter- ritory to appoint a commission of five members, who shall be residents of Alaska, and whose duty it shall be to formulate amendments to the organic act of May 17, 1884, and also to prepare a code of laws, both civil and criminal, for the government of the Territory,- which amend-" ments and code of laws shall be submitted to Congress for its approval. The United States district judge for the district of Alaska and the United States attorney for the district of Alaska should be members of said Commission, to serve v/ithout compensation. Clerk hire, how- ever, as well as printing and traveling expenses, should be paid out of the Treasury of the United States, to an amount not to exceed $1,000. inspectors of coal mines in the territories. By the act of Congress approved March 3, 1891 (26 Stats., 1101), the President was authorized to appoint, at an annual comi)ensation of $2,000 each, a mine inspector in each organized and unorganized Terri- tory of the United States wherein were located coal mines, the aggre- gate annual output of which should be in excess of one thousand tons per annum; no ai:)propriation, however, for payment of such salaries was made. In the act of Congress approved July 16, 1892 (27 Stats., 183), appro- priation was made for salaries, etc., of three of such officers, and there- after appointments were made of inspectors for the Territories of Utah, New Mexico and Indian Territory. Their reports, abstracts of which follow, show gratifying results of the operation of the law: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 605 Utah. — The report states tliat there are 24 coal mines in the Terri- tory distributed as follows: Summit County, 10 mines; Emery, 7; San Pete, 3 ; Iron, 3, and Morgan, 1. Only ten of these mines have an output of 1,000 tons per annum. They are listed, according to their import- ance, in the following order : Castle Gate, operated by Pleasant Yalley Coal Company; Winter Quarters, by same company; Pleasant Valley, by Union Pacific Coal Company; "Wasatch, by Home Coal Company; Wilson, by Wilson Brothers; Adam, by ChalJi Creek Coal Company; Church, by James Kobinson & Co.; Thomas, by Gomer Thomas; Thomas & Daniels, by Hy Thomas & Co.; and Deseret, by Deseret Coal and Coke Company. A number of changes to the act of Congress approved March 3, 1891, for the protection of the miners in the Territories, are recom- mended in the way of better sanitary arrangements, inspection, etc., attention being called particularly to the subject of shot-firing in fiery or dry and dusty mines. The report notes the growing importance of the asphaltum indus- try in Utah, the total production from 1887 to 1892, inclusive, being 7,303 oWo short tons. New Mexico. — The mining inspector reports that the sanitary con- dition of the coal mines of the Territory is much better at the present time than it was one year ago. The total number of tons of coal pro- duced at the different mining districts of New Mexico for 1892 is 580,- 559. The mine owners thus far have failed to make any returns to the inspector of the coal production for the year 1893, but he thinks it will exceed that of 1892 by several thousand tons. The total number of persons employed in and around the mines June 30, 1893, is estimated at 1,034; the total amount of capital invested in the coal mines is $3,571,663.38; total number of fatal accidents, 3; non- fatal accidents, 24; and number of mines in operation, 17; idle, 5; worked out, 2. Attention is called to certain defects in the existing law for the pro- tection of the lives of miners in the Territory, and various changes therein suggested. Indian Territory. — The mining inspector states that all things considered, the mines in the Territory are in good shape and being kept so, as is evidenced bj' the few accidents occuring, considering the large number of men employed and the large output of coal. The law is operating satisfactorily, but it is recommended that it be so amended as to require that shot-firers be placed in every mine in the Territory that employs 200 or more miners. 606 REPORT OF THE SECRETAEY OF THE INTERIOR. THE NATIONAL PARKS AND FOREST RESERVATIONS. By tlie acts of Cougress approved September 25, 1890, and October 1, 1890, respectively (26 Stats., 478 and 650), certain tracts of land in California were set aside, by tlie former as pnblic parks and by tlie lat- ter as forest reservations. The tracts so set aside were placed under tlie sur)ervision of tlie Secretary of the Interior, Avith authority to prescribe regulations for the government thereof and grant leases of land therein, but no appro- priation was made to enable the Department to protect said parks. The land set aside by act of September 25, 1890, was designated by the Department as "Sequoia Park" and that by the act of October 1, 1890, as " Yosemite National Park "and "General Grant ISTational Park," and regulations were promulgated governing the same. In October of 1890 the Department brought to the attention of the Secretary of War the fact that tlie great region covered by said acts had been segregated from the public lands, and solicited the detail of officers and troops for the purpose of protecting it. This request was complied with, and the detail of troops for the protection of such parks has been renewed each year to the present time. Pursuant to authority conferred by section 24 of the act of Congress approved March 3, 1891 (26 Stats., 1103), entitled "An act to repeal timber-culture laws and for other purposes," the President has, from time to time, by executive proclamation (27 Stats., 947 to 1071), reserved from entry or settlement and set apart as forest reservations certain tracts of land lying in Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Oregon, and Wasliington. The reservations so created, of which there are about thirteen requir- ing attention, embrace an estimated area of 11,814,400 acres, and are as follows, to wit : "San Bernardino," "Sierra," "Trabuco Canyon," and "San Gabriel" in California, "South Platte," "Pike's Peak," "White Eiver Plateau," "Plum Creek," and "Battlement Mesa" in Colorado, "Grand Canyon" in Arizona, "Pecos Eiver" in New Mexico, "Bull Eun" in Oregon, and " Pacific" in Washington. They are placed nnder this Department, but no provision has been made by Congress for their protection. Numerous complaints have been received by the Department of stock men driving their sheep on these reserves, destroying tlio Lerbage and setting fire to the trees; and on the 23d of June, the Acting Commis- sioner of the General Land Office also called the attention of the De- partment to the necessity for i^rotecting these reserves, urging that details from the Army be secured to look after the same, until Congress could make suitable provision. Accordingly, the attention of the Secretary of War was directed to the facts in the case, and the request made that, if x^racticable, officers REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 607 of the Army, witli a suitable number of troops, be detailed to protect tlie several reservations. The Acting- Secretary of War declined, however, to make the de- tails desired, basing his refusal upon an opinion of the Acting Judge- Advocate-General of the Army to the effect that the employment of troops in such cases and under the circumstances described by the Secretary of the Interior, not being expressly authorized by the Con- stitution or by act of Congress, would be unlawM. These reservations remain, therefore, by reason of such action, in the sam.e condition, as far as i)rotection is concerned, as unreserved pub- lic lands and are only afforded such protection from trespass and fire as can be furnished with the limited means at the command of the General Land Oljfice. A bill, however, is now pending in Congress which pro- vides adequate means for the protection and management, by details from the Army, etc., of these forest reservations ; it has the hearty ap- proval of the Department, and its early enactment as a law is desirable. In the opinion of the Acting Jndge-Advocate-General the legality of the action of the "War Denartment in the matter of the existing de- tail of officers of the Army for the protection of the national i3ark created by the act of September 25, 1890, and the forest reservarion by the act of October 1, 1890, is questioned; the details being charac- terized therein as "clearly an oversight on the part of the War De- partment at the time." Also that " there is no express authorization by the Constitution or by act of Congress for the troops to be used for the purpose of executing the laws relating to these reservations, and it is therefore unlawful to do so." Such being the case it is quite probable that further details for the protection of said parks will, unless specifically authorized by Congress, be denied by the War Department; and to provide against such con- tingency it is recommended that some such provision as the following may be enacted by Congress, to-wit: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of War, upon the request of the Secretary of the Interior, be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to malce the necessary details of troops to protect the national parks and forest reservations established by the acts of Congress approved September twenty-fifth, eighteen hundred and ninety^ and October first, eighteen hundred and ninety, respectively, as well as the public lands heretofore or that may bo hereafter set apart and reserved as public forest reservations by the President of the United States under the provisions of the act of March third, eighteen hundred and ninety -three, from trespassers or intruders enter- ing the same for the purpose of killing the game, or removing objects of curiosity therein or for any other purpose prohibited by law or regulation, and to remove such persons from such parks and reservations, if found therein. Yellowstone Is^'ational Park.— This is a tract of land near th^ head waters of the Yellowstone Eiver, in the States of Montana and Wyoming; it is Q2 miles in length from north to south, 54 miles in width from east to west, and contains about 3,348 square miles; the average altitude is about 8,000 feet. 608 REPGKT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. It appears from the acting superintendent's report tliat there was a, substantial increase of travel through the i)ark during the last sea- son, and that despite the late spring, consequent uj^on heavy snows, the travel for Juno of the present year was far better than ever before in that month. The World's Fair doubtless had much to do with such increase, as hotel registers show a large majority of for- eigners from every quarter of the globe. Leases in the Park. — The question of leases and franchises in the park has been brought prominently to the attention of the Depart- ment within the past year. The Yellowstone Park Association has reduced its plant somewhat, but has given general satisfaction to tourists. It has hotels at four points, viz: Mammoth Hot Springs, Fountain, Lake, and Canyon, and lunch stations at Norris, Upper Basin, and the Thumb. The association also has under its management the Cottage Hotel at Mammoth Hot Springs, for which a lease was originally granted Helen and Walter Henderson. The place is well managed and serves a most useful i")urpose. There is need of a good hotel at Norris, as well as at Upper Basin, and they should be constructed without delay. The hotel site at the latter place is the best in the whole basin, but unfortunately is within the legal limit of the Old Faithful Geyser. When the existing law was passed, probibiting the erection of any hotel within one-fourth of a mile of any geyser or other object of interest, it was the fear of Congress that people or corporations would obtain proprietary rights within the park and charge visitors for the privilege of viewing its wonders. The progress of time has removed all that fear, and the law might well be repealed. Under the present law the association may only hold 10 acres of land under lease. This much it already has, so it could not, if it would, extend its accommodations. The law prohibiting the granting of leases for more than 10 acres of ground to a single corporation should also be repealed. If these changes are effected there is a hope for increase in both hotel and transportation accommodations that would add greatly to the pleasure and comfort of tourists. After an existence of more than twenty-one years the boundaries of the park still remain undetermined by marks. The locating and mark- ing off of its boundaries is of much importance, and the work should be entered upon at the earliest practicable moment and pushed vigor- ously to completion. The cutting off of any portion of the park ought not be countenanced, as the slightest encroachment upon its limits but opens the door to further dismemberment. A most disastrous fire occurred near Norris in July, burning over an area 7 miles long and in places more than 2 miles wide ; its origin is not definitely known, but it is believed to have been caused either by the REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 609 carelessness of the men building roads or of tourists. Other fires have been started, but did no damage j the penalty of expelling camxDerg who have failed to extinguish their fires will hereafter be strictly en- orced. Slight additions have been made to the force at some of the outposts, but at least two scouts are needed to cope with the poachers, and a special agent from the Department would be of much service. The suggestion in last year's report is reiterated, that a comx)any ot infantry should be added to the garrison, and that barracks, mess room, and stables should be erected. A hospital in the course of construction is the only change in military quarters within the past year. A new road immediately north of ITorris is nearing comx)letion, and a new road for a short distance down the Gibbon River has been laid out and begun. The road between the TJpi)er Basin and the Thumb has been slightly repaired, but nothing has been done to the causeway along the lake. The new road has been cleared of timber from the Thumb towards Lewis Lake, and will soon be in a condition to drive over; also a short road passing by the brink of the Upper Falls. A driveway has been opened near the Grand Canyon at Inspiration Point. The hotel service has been very satisfactory. Numerous applications for permits to carry on transportation busi- ness, are constantly made, but few of the applicants are reliable, and the transportation company whose service has been good should be pro- tected in its right to most of the park travel. It can not be regarded as a monopoly, as the rates are fixed by the Department. The vexed ques- tion of stop-over privileges has been satisfactorily arranged by stages starting out with a certain percentage of vacant seats ready to pick up travelers who have remained behind on a i^revious tour. The steamer on Yellowstone Lake continues to give satisfaction; the boat comx^any, to whom such privilege was granted, keeps also small boats and fishing tackle enough to accommodate those who wish to engage in this sport. Authority may hereafter be granted for one or more naphtha launches on the lake. The vandalism of tourists has greatly decreased, while the regulation forbidding carrying of firearms without permission has been produc- tive of much good. An incredible quantity of fish has been taken from the lakes and rivers but their numbers are apparently undiminished. The U. S. Fish Commissioner has promised to make plants of the eastern brook trout in Moose and Shoshone creeks. Of the $500 allotted from the revenue of the park and exi)ended for policing camping parties, but $150 remains. The only money allowed for the complete management of the park is derived from leases and aggregates less than $1,000 per year, an absurdly small sum for the protection of an area larger than the State of Connecticut. This could be remedied effectually by Congress ai)i)ropriatiug annually a sum suf- ficient to properly care for and protect the park. Ab. 93 39 610 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. In the immense area of the park, surrounded as it is by a rough and densely timbered country, it is, with the present force, impossible to give to the large game, such as bufialo, moose, elk, bears, antelope, deer, etc., the protection they should have, and two additional scouts are badly needed. Poachers continue to give a great deal of trouble and nothing less than a stringent law with severe penalties, can break up the evil. Con- fiscation of the outfit and ejection from the park, the only penalty under existing regulations, has but little elfect, as the outfit is generally worthless. Notwithstanding these depredations, the number of buffalo, moose, sheep and elk is about the same as last year. Bears are not so numer- ous. Antelope, deer, beaver, and other small animals are increasing and are very tame. A number of animals were sent to the National Zoological Park in Washington last November, and awaiting shipment now are 4 elks, 1 deer, 3 beavers, 1 badger, and 1 porcupine, beside a cage of smaller animals. It would be of great interest to tourists if funds were available for the erection of an inclosure within the park in which to put some specimens of the game animals native to the park and vicinity. It is recommended that an act be passed defining the boundaries of the park and providing for a complete survey and the proper marking of the boundary lines thereof; that a law be enacted providing a suit- able system of government of the x)ark; that the disposal of the funds for the construction of roads and bridges be transferred from the Engi- neer Corps of the Army to the custody of the acting superintendent of the i>ark; that appropriations with which to complete the road system as apx>roved be made; that approi)riations also be made for the cleaning out of dead timber, collecting and keeping wild animals, and in general for i)reserving, protecting, and beautifying the park; also, that accom- modations be x)rovided for a comi)any of United States infantry, to be detailed for that purpose by the Secretary of War and made a part of the j)ermanent garrison in the park. The Department concurs in the recommendation of the acting sui^er- intendent that an approimation of $5,000 be made for the purchase of a toll bridge, known as Baronette's bridge, constructed across the Yellow- stone Eiver on the wa^on road between Mammoth Hot Springs and Cooke City; also, that an appropriation of $3,000 be made to reimburse one J. C. McCartney for certain buildings and improvements erected and made by him on public land aferward embraced in the Yellowstone National Park, said buildings having been taken and used by the United States. YosEMiTE National Park.— This place is situated in Tuolumne, Mariposa, and Mono counties, California, comprises 42 townships, and covers an area of about 1,512 square miles, being 3G by 42 miles. Capt. Wood, Fourth Cavalry, acting superintendent, states that REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 611 trespassing has been less frequent witkiu tlie past year, but there have been a few cases of such flagrant violation of the regulations that examples of some severity were made of the offenders, both sheep herders and cattlemen, by ejecting them from the park in such a manner as to effectively prevent repetition of the offence. Incalculable damage is done hy the trespassing herds to the young growth which should be fostered to rei3lace the matured forest trees. Some idea of the necessity for preventing this damage can be gath- ered when the fact is considered that it takes seven hundred years for the sugar pine to mature, and two hundred and forty years for the fir to attain its extreme age. If herds of sheep are permitted to enter and graze in the x^ark, the military guard miglit as aycII be withdrawn and the act of Congress creating it repealed. Two fires occurred in the park last year; the first evidently spread from the fire left by some careless camj)ing party and did but little damage; the second, however, originated outside of the x^ark in a man- ner which could not be determined by investigation, and was very serious, burning over an area within the park about 1 mile wide by 3 miles long. It wa.s finally extinguished by driving it against the South Fork of the Tuolumne Eiver. The fall of snow was unusually heavy last winter. The season has been cool and vegetation about three weeks later than usual. Mining interests within the park have been very quiet. The owners of some claims in townshij) 3 south, ranges 25 and 26 east, to whom authority was granted by the Department to build a road into their Xiroperty upon Shadow Creek, have thus far taken no stex)s towards that end. An ax>i)roximate estimate only can be formed of the number of mining claims in this park, that number being probably three hundred or more. In this connection the fact should also be considered that, in addition thereto, there are more than 65,000 acres in homestead, x>i"eemxDtiou, and timber claims within the boundaries of the x>ark owned by x^rivate individuals. Former recommendations as to changing the boundaries of the park, whereby the mines within the x>ark would be excluded, are reiterated and renewed, as it is not advisable to have features involving such ex- tensive x^rivate interests, in a national i)ark created for the x^reservation of natural curiosities alone. There are four toll roads, built under the laws of California and owned by individuals and corporations, leading into Yosemite I^Tational Park, three of which find their termini in the Yosemite Valley grant, as fol- lows: First, the Big Oak Flat road, 33 miles long, 20 iniles of which are in the park. Its estimated cost is $46,650, and toll charged about 3J cents per person per mile. Second, the Coulterville road, 37 miles long, 23 ol which are in the park. Its estimated cost is 885,000, and toll charged 3 cents per person per mile. Third, the Wawona road, 65 612 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. miles iu lengtli, 25 of wliicli are in tlie park. Its estimated cost is $75,000, and toll charged 2 cents per person per mile. And, fourth, the Tioga road, 56 miles in length, 48 of which are in the park. Its esti- mated cost is $62,000, and the toll 3i cents i)er person per mile. If it is the policy of the Government to purchase these roads and make travel over them free, as California has done of similar roads in the 5rosemite Valley grant, an annual appropriation of at least 812.000 to keep them in repair will be necessary. It is suggested by the acting superintendent of the park, that if the land is maintained as a national iDark, a guard of some kind will always be necessary; and until the inhabitants of the mountains and foothills become habituated to the existing regulations, it will be necessary for the cavalry branch of the Army to furnish the guard, the nature of the duties rendering it impossible for footmen to perform them satisfactorily. Under the present conditions, a permanent gar- rison ux)on the park is not advisable, but an encampment every year for five or six months at a point on the main traveled road to the valley will accomplish the object of protecting the park. Sequoia and General Grant National Parks. — The Sequoia Park is a tract of land in Tulare County, Cal., shai^ed like a letter Z, and contains about 252 square miles; the General Grant Park is in Mariposa County, Cal., and contains about 4 square miles. Capt. James Parker, Fourth Cavalry, acting superintendent Sequoia and General Grant i)arks, rei)orts that there has been no difficulty this year in keeping the parks free fro-n sheej) and cattle, or in j)re- venting forest fires. The game in the parks has increased. Attention is called to the peculiar shape of the park, taking in as it does sections of territory entirely separate, distinct, and inaccessible one from the other, and which increases enormously the difdculties of patrolling and guarding the park. Owing to the peculiar conforma- tion of the park no place exists within its confines where it is practi- cable to obtain a fair camj) for troops, accessible by wagons, and the unusual spectacle is therefore afforded of troops detailed to guard the park being obliged to establish their main camp on land outside of its limits, sometimes owned by private parties, and occupied by the troops at the wOl and pleasure of the former. The main or supply camp must be established on a wagon road, since by wagons alone the quantities of forage and rations necessary for the troops can be deliv- ered, and this main camp must be established either at or near Three Elvers or near Mineral King, either on the east or west side of the park. A detachment of troops is necessary to guard the Grant Park, another to guard the northern district, and one to protect the southern district. These outposts, at from two to four days' march from the main camp, are reached by difficult trails and supplied by the pack train. The troop of 50 men detailed to protect the park is divided into one large detachment and three or four small ones. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 613 The acting superintendent, in liis report, calls special attention to tlie Giant Forests, wLicli occupy an area of about 3 miles square, and contains a dense growth of trees, mainly redwood, giant sequoia, and sugar pine, the trunks of the former being from 15 to 25 feet in diameter. IsTearly all these trees tower 300 feet or more above the ground, dwarfing by their majesty even the hills they stand upon. This, perhaps the most magnificent body of timber in the world and the main attraction of the iDarh, is practically inaccessible to visitors, the Gov- ernment having allowed the road which leads toward it, and which is said to have cost the Kaweah Colony $30,000 to construct, to fall into ruin. He recommends that an approi>riation of $5,000 be made to repair that road, of $30,000 for extending it to the Giant Forests, and of $4,000 for the construction of necessary bridges — a total of $39,000 being thus required. The report further states that while the natural wonders of the Yosemite Valley State Park, which is under the control of the. State of California, have been made accessible and large sums are annually voted for road-building in the Yellowstone Park, not a cent has ever been silent on Sequoin Park. He recommends the expenditure of $3,200 in the construction of trails, and $1,000 for inclosing General Grant Park, a small reservation 2 miles square, with a wire fence, to stop tlie continual depredations of cattle J and a future annual expendi- ture of $3,000 for making general repairs to roads and trails. It is urged that Sequoia Park be enlarged by Presidential order, as was done in 1891 in the case of the Yellowstone Park, by including within it the portion of the forest reserve on the east, and that Sequoia and General Grant Parks be thereafter consolidated under the name of "Sequoia Park." Hot Springs Eeservation. — The report of the Superintendent of Hot Springs shows a gratifying condition of the affairs of that reser- vation. The Government's interest in the Hot Springs, over which the Department has control, includes the four mountain reservations (Hot Springs Mountain, Korth Mountain, Sugar Loaf Mountain, and West Mountain), comi)rising 900.63 acres. These, by the act of June 16, 1880, were forever reserved from sale and dedicated to use as public parks, as were also the unsold Government lots, 150 in number, situated in diflferent parts of the city. The hot springs, which are 71 in number, and vary in temperature from 77° to 157°, all issue from the west side and base of the Hot Springs Mountain. Free Bath House. — The superintendent reports to the Department that the free baths are well patronized, the average number given daily being about 600. The bathing pools are constructed of solid masonry and concreted, and are in fairly good repair; but the concrete floors in the sweating rooms are in bad condition, and need to be replaced with new floors of better workmanship. The heating apparatus has 614 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. never been completed, no radiators ever liaving been furnislied for tlie second story 5 neither lias the building ever been fitted for gas or electricity. Much inconvenience is caused by the Avant of a proper system of hot water and cooling tanks for this house, the present supply being entirely of hot water from one of the hottest springs with no means of tempering it for immediate use. Improvements are recommended for rectifying the trouble. The efficacy of these baths in curing diseases has been much hampered and hindered by the order permitting their promiscuous use. The capacity of the house is not sufficient to bathe above SCO IDersons daily, allowing each one sufficient time in the baths and sweat- ing rooms to receive the benefits which the use of this water is sui)- l^osed to give. Overcrowding by persons who use these baths only as a matter of economy is both unjust and uncharitable to the actually indigent population, for whose protection this house was constructed and is maintained, and they are always present and soliciting this charity from the Government in sufficient numbers to tax the capacity of the house. Arlington Hotel. — This excellent structure, erected by a private corporation, under lease authorized by act of Congress, was completed, and opened to the public on March 25, 1893, and contains 300 guest chambers, handsomely furnished. The hotel is provided with all the modern improvements, and the cost of the building and furnishings is given at 8400,000. Bath Houses on the Eeseryation. — The Arlington bathing estab- lishment was built in connection and opened contemporaneously with the Arlington Hotel. It has 40 tubs and cost approximately 853,000. Other bath houses are the Imiierial, constructed of stone, containing 25 bathing rooms, including an electric bath and room for both ladies and gentlemen, and 12 vapor rooms, etc. (cost $34,000); Lamar bath house, frame building, in good repair, 40 tubs; Eamelsburg bath house, brick building, old, in need of repairs, 18 tubs; Ozark bath house, frame building, in fairly good repair, 22 tubs; Magnesia bath house, frame building, in need of repairs, 30 tubs; Horseshoe bath house, frame building, in need of repairs, 30 tubs; Palace bath house, frame building, refitted and refurnished, 23 tubs; Maurice batli house, frame building, rebuilt and refurnished, 21 tubs; Old Hale bath house, stone, brick, iron, and wood, handsomely fitted up (cost of buildilig $25,000), 2G tubs; Superior bath house, brick building in good repair, 16 tubs. Bath Houses off the Eeseevation. — The bath houses located off the reservation in the city of Hot Springs, and supplied with hot water from the springs on the reservation, are as follows : Eastman bathhouse, constructed of brick, in good repair, 40 tubs; Park bath house, brick, in good repair, 40 tubs; Alhambra bath house, brick REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 615 (cost §50,000), in good repair, 40 tubs; Xew Hot Springs batli house, stone and brick, situated on Fountain street, not yet quite comi^leted (estimated cost, 835,000), 16 tubs; Eockafellow bath house, frame build- iug, in fairly good repair, 20 tubs; Avenue bath house, situated in Avenue Hotel building, recently refitted, 20 tubs; St. Joseph's Infirm- ary, used in connection with the infirmary, 4 tubs. The following list shows the bath houses andbath-house sites on and off the reservation, for which leases have been granted since the passage of the act of March 3, 1891 : Name of bath house. Date of com- mencenient of lease. Term. Lessees. On the reservation. Superior Sept. 15. 1891 Arlington Hotel ' Mar. 3, 1892 Jsew Kector ' do Maurice | Jan. Eammelsberg do Lamar ' do Horseshoe ' do Magnesia ' do Ozark ' do Imperial ' do Palace ' do Old Hale Jan. Site B (for colored I do people). Site 15 Site 16 Smithmeyer (site) . . 1, 1892 1, 1893 Off the reservation. ....do ...do Mar. 2, 1893 St. Joseph's Infirmary. Jan. 1, 1892 Avenue ' do Eastman ] Mar 12, 1892 Park I.... do Ptockafellow July 1.1892 Jan. 1, 1803 Mar. 24, 1893 New Hot Springs - Waverly Five years Twenty years. ...do Five years Seven years . . Five years Three years . . . do Five years Fifteen years . ....do ....do ....do .do .do -do Five years Six years Twenty years do Three years . . Ten years Tweiity years Eobert Proctor, L. D. Cain. S. H. Stitt & Co. (Samuel H. Stitt, Samuel W. Fordyce, Albert B. Gaines). H. M. Eector, Mary E. Fellows. Charles E. Maurice, Charles G. Converse. Geor^ce H. Buckstatf. Morris C. Tombler. Albert B. Gaines. Charles B. Piatt. George G. Latta, Louis H. Carhart. James L. Barnes, Charles N. Eix. Samuel W. Fcrd^'ce. Logan H. Eoocs. George H. Eastman. Ferdinand Havis. James Mix. William P. Walsh. Heni-y M. Cooper. Sister Mary Aloysins. Avenue Hotel Company. Kew York Hotel Company. Park Hotel Companv. Charles N. Eoekafellow. Mark J. and C. H. V. Smith. Waverly Hotel Company. The Government's annual income from water and gToiind rents is estimated at 816,780, and the regular expenditures, not including fuel and lights, are 86,400, making the total net income from the hot springs 810,380, held and expended by the Department in carrying on improve- ments on'the Hot Springs Eeservation. Four other leases, three on the reservation, sites 15, 10, and B, and one off the reservation, the "Waverly," have been granted by the Department, on which no bath houses have yet been erected, and no water supplied or water rent collected; when these become operative (if they should) the Government's net income from the hot si^rings would be about 812,500 annually. Impounding Keseryoir and Pumping Station. — The building and machinery of the pumping station are receiving the necessary attention for their x^roper protection and preservation, and are at present in good condition; the plant has not been in operation, however, since its comx)letion, June 8, 1891, owing to the fact that the bath houses on the reservation are supplied with water by gravity. 61 G REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. The inipoundiiig reservoir or pumping station is serving a valuable and useful purpose in collecting and preserving a large body of liot ■water which can not be collected or made available at a higher level, and which will have to be drawn on to furnish water to houses to be erected under existing leases, which are not yet supplied with water, and also to supply water under such leases as may hereafter be granted. The Hot Springs Creek Arch, a covered waterway through which the creek runs, was the first improvement made at Hot Springs by the Government. It is in the center of the valley, the chief street of the town, and being a part of the highway itself, continues to serve the useful purpose for which it was constructed. Improvejment of Hot Springs Eeservation. — The report of Lieut. Eobert E. Stevens, U. S. Army, in charge, shows that the public work on the Government reservation at Hot Springs, Ark., was inaugurated under instructions of the Secretary of the Interior of May 31, 1892, and had for its object the improvement of these grounds with a view to their application to use as public i^arks in connection with Hot Springs as a health resort, in accordance with the act set- ting these lauds aside as a permanent reservation. The funds allotted therefor consisted of a sx)ecific appropriation of $5,000 for parks and roads (act of March 3, 1891), and of the sum of $75,000 set aside from the indefinite fund for protection and improve- ment of Hot Springs Eeservation (act of March 3, 1877), derived from receipts from sales of public lots in the city of Hot Springs and bath house and hot-water rents. The work as originally outlined in advance by the Secretary of the Interior, for performance under these allotments, consisted of the devel- opment of a systematized plan for the complete improvement of the reservation tracts on Hot Springs, North and West Mountains, and the execution of this plan as far as it related to the grounds which extend over the west side of Hot Springs Mountain and include the section of the hot-water springs and the bath-house sites and lawns. The Lake Eeserve, a valley tract of about 10 acres on Whittingtou avenue, was included under subsequent action of the Secretary of the Interior, and was assigned for improvement as a water park. Sugar Loaf Mountain, a tract of about 129 acres, was, owing to its remoteness from the springs, not included in the improvement plans and estimates prepared in the current work. The different stages of this work con- sisted of: First, the survey of the grounds and the preparation of detail maps. Second, the preparation of the engineering, landscape, and architectural plans. Third, the organization and conduct of the work designated for immediate execution under available means. Preliminary Work. — The surveys were limited to the sections originally assigned for improvement by the Secretary of the Interior, and REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE IXTERIOR. 617 ■svere oonclucted with, reference to tlie accurate establisliment of per- manent lines, as well as tlie preparation of vau^s of tlie necessary de- tail to provide a basis for any landscape or engineering operations which might be found desirable on the grounds. The survey work was commenced June 16, 1892, on Hot Springs Mountain, and continued to completion of the surveys of the tracts on West and North Moun- tains. They were finished, in the main, about November 1, 1892, work in the mapping department being continued until March 1, 1893. The plan for the improvement of each mountain was based upon a system adapted to its location with reference to the bathing centers and its special resources as to public accommodation and benefit in con- nection with the waters of the springs. Work Performed. — This involved, in addition to the surveys, the execution of the base lines of the work on the foreground of Hot Springs Mountain, and, up to the date of this report, included the out- lining of the main roads and drives over a distance of about a mile, and the improvement of the park along the bath-house front, with a concrete i^romenade 14 feet wide, and cross-walks of the same material to the bath houses, with electric-car landings at crossings. Work on hot-water sources and supply included the arching in of about ten hot-water springs, and the removal of exposed supply iiipes and their location in covered trenches. Hot Springs as a Public Health Eesort. — The complete im- provement of the public grounds of Hot Springs, Ark., and the develop- ment of its bathing interests is presented and recommended both as a means of giving full scope to the sanitary resources of its climate and waters, and of developing the value of the important public interests of the reseivation. Condition of the fund allotted for the ivorlc. Total of current allotment $80,000.00 ^ EXPENDITURES. Park improvements, roads, drainage, Lase lines of parks and entrances $42,197.61 Water supply, springs, pipes, etc 2, 778. 56 Total expenditures to June 30, 1893 44, 976. 20 Balance then remaining available for completion of entrances and roads on tke foreground of Hot Springs Mountain 35, 023. 80 ESTIMATES. Improvements required and siiecially recommended for early provision by tne Department by allotment from receipts of liot-^^'ater rents, free bath- house cooling tanks, protection of S]3ring3, pipe trench, etc. 9, 719.44 618 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Snhmisslon of estimates of proposed improvements for which appropriations hu Congress will he necessary, as recommended hy llohert E. Stevens, engineer in charge Hot Siirings improvements. Hot Springs Mountain: Roads, walks, drainage, fountains, paTilious, electric ligMs, etc $35,323.85 West Mountain : Roads, wallis, pavilions, shelter buildings, drainage, etc 32, 656. 60 North Mountain: Roads, etc '. 12,700.00 Lake reserve (ahout 10 acres) 48, 780. 00 Hot Springs Mountain (264.93 acres) : Protecting wall along reservation front $11, 557. 70 Fountain street creek arch and Casino huildiug 51, 000. 00 62,557.70 West Mountain (269.4 acres) : Parks, fountains, pavilions, shelter buildings. 98, 384.80 North Mountain (224.74 acres) : Walks, fountains, drainage, pavilions, etc 12, 730. 25 Hot-water supply: Hot-water reservoirs and pipe conduits 24, 574. 50 Creek arches : Arching creek on Whittington and Park avenues 19, 995.00 Total improvements for future development 347, 693. 70 GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. Established by act of March 3, 1855 (10 Stats., 682). Managed by board of vis- itors (nine citizens of the District of Columbia) api)ointed by the President. Pro- vided for by Congressional apiiroi^riation, the expenditure of which is under the supervision of the Secretary of the Interior. The institution has an area of 350 acres of land, known as St. Elizabeth, from title of original grant; also outlying agricultural lands of an extent upwards of 450 acres. The hospital buildings for the care of the insane are nine in number, viz: The main hospital building, the west lodge for colored males, the east lodge for colored females, the "Howard hall for criminal and homicidal cases, the home for soldiers from the National Homes for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, the Atkins hall for workingmen, the re- lief building for chronic cases, the Toner building, an infirmary for the sick, and the Burrows cottage for private female patients; the normal caiiacity of these build- ings is about 1,400 patients. In addition, there are not less than twenty buildings necessary adjuncts in the i:)roper administration of the institution. The estimated cost of the entire property, of which the title is in the United States, is something over a million dollars. The report of the Board of Visitors discloses the following facts lO- gardiug this institution: REPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR, 619 Siimviary of inmates. Eemaining June 30, 1892 Adniitted chxring the year endiug Juue 30, 1893 ^yholc number under treatment DISCHARGED. Eecovered Improved Unimproved Died Total discharged and died Eemaining Jnuo 30, 1893 Males. Feinalea. Total. 1,232 261 365 84 1,597 345 1,493 449 1,942 57 46 4 140 10 23 1 41 67 69 5 181 247 75 322 1,246 374 _ 1,020 Three hundred aud forty-five is the total number of admissions daring the year, and is considerably above the average number of the past ten years, although it has been more than once exceeded during that time; but the number, 1,620, remaining June 30, 1893, and the total number, 1,912, under treatment during the year, are without parallel in the hospital annals. Of the 1,G20 i^ersons in the hospital at the end of the last fiscal year, upwards of 800 were from the Army and I^Tavy; the principal remaining classes being the insane from the District of Columbia and the criminal insane whose offenses have been against the United States. It is probable that admissions will continue to exceed discharges, and that for some years to come the number of patients in the hospital must be expected to increase slowly. The per cent of recoveries was hardly more than one-fifth of the v/hole number of discharges, including deaths. The number of deaths was 181, or 9.32 per cent of the whole number under treatment. The average age of those remaining under care has been each year advancing by reason of the preponderance of men from the l!^ational . Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, who, as a rule, when broken down with age and mental infirmity, end their days at the hospital. The per cent of mortality, therefore, exceeds that in hospitals whose inmates are drawn from all classes of the community in which they are situated. This will, in all probability, continue so. The character of the hospital as an asylum for old and infirm soldiers is recognized, and accommodations for them of a home character are liroposed on the laud lately purchased for their use and occupation, and which has been designated "Godding Croft." Two large reservoirs have been built as an added protection against fire, one near the stock barns on the Shepperd farm; the other, a circu- cular brick basin, 90 feet in diameter, with a capacity of over 400,000 gallons of water, is directly in the rear of the main building, contiguous to the steamer house and convenient for use on most of the detached buildings. 620 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Congress at tlie last session provided for the construction of quarters for the separate care of the epileptic insane. Plans for the iDavilions for females have been prepared and contracts made for their erection during- the present season. The intention is to provide those for the male epileptics during the coming spring. These, when completed, will afford most satisfactory provision for this unfortunate class, and will add another to the distinct classes of the insane who have been pro- vided for in buildings esi^ecially arranged for their treatment, demon- strating the enlightened progress of this hosi)ital in the management of those committed to its care. The estimates for expenditures of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, are: Current expenses $3G3, 000 Geueral repairs and improvements 16, 000 Additional accommodations, viz, cottages for Avorkiugmen 4, 480 .'Mecial repairs and improvements: Rebuilding machine and cabinet shop 7, 000 For detacbed kitcLen for Toner building 2, 240 For electric plant 10, 000 Total 402,720 The estimate for current exi^euses is for sui)i)ort in the hospital, including treatment and clothing, of an estimated average number ot 1,650 indigent insane persons who are by law entitled to treatment there, viz : the insane of the Army and Navy, Marine Corps, Revenue- Cutter Service, National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, the indigent insane of the District of Columbia, and the United States con- vict insane. The basis of the estimate is an annual per capita cost of $220. Congress has for many years divided the amount appropriated for this between the sundry civil and the District bills. Following the ratio of previous years, the increase in the District appropriation being based on the increase in the number of District patients during the past year, the amount in that bill will be $96,480, leaving $266,520 to be provided in the sundry civil bill. Of this it is asked that not exceeding $1,500 may be used in defraying the cxi)enses of the return of patients to their friends. Beceipis and expenditures for fiscal year ended June SO, 1S93. Receipts from all sources $450, 349. 54 Expenditures 424,590.00 Balance on band 25,759.54 COLUMBIA INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. A body politic and corporate created by act of February 16, 1857 (11 Stats., 161). Managed by a board of directors, on which Congress is represented by one Senator and two Representatives. Supported in part by Congressional appropria- tions and in part by tuition fees. Expenditure of Congressional appropriation REPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 621 under supervision of Secretary of the Interior, and admission of all beneficiaries sub- ject to his approval. Area of grounds, 100 acres, located in the District of Columbia, 2 acres of wliich -were at organization of institution donated by Hon. Amos Kendall and balance purchased by Congressional appropriation. Title of entire property vested in the United States as trustee. There are seven administration build iu"-s and six d-\vellings used by corps of instructors. Estimated cost of all is $500,000. The report of the president, Dr. Edward M. Galhmdet, sets forth the folio wiug statemeut: The number of pupils in all classes in attendance since July 1, 1892, was 110; males 93, females 47. Eighty-nine of them were in tlie collegi- ate department, representing 23 States, the District of Columbia, and Canada. Eleven young men and one young woman were graduated from the collegiate department j five young men and one young woman from the normal or post-graduate department. The directors are urged by the conference of x)rincij>als and super- intendents of schools for the deaf in the United States and Canada, and by the alumni association of the college, to establish a technical department, in which may be aiforded the training necessary for the application of the arts and sciences to industrial ends. The importance of such a school, in which many of the more intelli- gent deaf-mute youth of the country may have an opportunity to study architecture, practical chemistry, electrical and mechanical engineer- ing, surveying, and such industrial branches as may be found practi- cable, is strongly urged, and the directors give the assurance that, with the existing buildings and teaching force of the college^ but a small additional outlay would be necessary to provide for the technical de- partment. The directors report that the quarters available? for female students and pui)ils are in a very much crowded condition. They submit an estimate of $30,000 for the enlargement of the build- ings, to provide for this and the new technical dei^artment. The workings of the institution were quite fully shown in an exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposition, and at the congresses upon instruction of the deaf, held at Chicago in July, which were largely attended by officers and graduates of the institution. The receipts from all sources for the fiscal year were $09,089.93, and the disbursements SG9,o43.8G. HOWARD UNIVERSITY. A body politic and corporate, created by the act of March 2, 1867. Managed by a board of trustees, on which Congress is represented by one Senator and two Rei)- resentativcs. Supported in part by funds from benevolent societies and in part from appropriations by Congress. No tuition is charged except in medical and law departments, which are in part self-supporting. Expenditure of Congressional appropriation is under supervision of the Secretary of the Interior. Area of ground is about 20 acres, located in the District of Columbia; title of s:inic inheres in trustees. There are tive administration buildings and five dwellings used by cordis of instruc- tors. Estimated value of entire property is about $500,000. 622 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. The president of the iustitiitiou reports that the different depart- ments of the universityj the industrial, normal, i)reparatory, collegiate, medical, law, and theological, have been in active and successful oper- ation, with an attendance of 512, and that 97 have completed the course in their respective departments. The students are from the District of Columbia and almost every State and Territory in the Union, while some are from Africa, the West Indies, and Japan. The appropriation of $29,500 in the sundry civil act of March 3, 1893, a report as to the use of which is required to be made annually to the Secretary of the Interior, was expended as follows : For i)art of the salaries of the officers, professors, teachers, and other regular em- liloyes of tke university, the balance being paid from donations and other sources, $23,500; for tools, material, wages of instructors, and other necessary expenses of the industrial department, $3,000; for library, books, bookcases, shelving, and fixtures, $500; for material and apparatus for chemical, j)hysical, natural history, and laboratory work, $500; for repairs to buildings, $1,500 ; for imi^rovement of grounds, $500. Attention is called to the fact that the trustees, by reason of gifts from the benevolent and transfers from their investments, have been able to" erect a new hall for the law department and an amxihitheater for the medical department. A new structure for library and for anni- versary assemblies as well as Sunday services is greatly needed, and the president further urges that Congress appropriate the sum of $10,000 for such purjiose, and that the appropriation of last year for $29,500 be continued, making in all $39,500. EDUCATION OF FEEBLE-MINDED CHILDREN. Under the act of June 16, 1880, the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to cause the indigent feeble-minded children of teachable age belonging to the District of Columbia to be instructed in some State institution at a cost not greater than that paid by such State for similar instruction. In pursuance of this authority, there were at the close of the previous fiscal year (1892) 14 feeble-minded children under instruction at the Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble-Minded Children at Elwyn, Pa. Ten were admitted and 1 discharged during the year, leaving 23*beneflciaries at the institution on the 30th of June, 1893. The amount charged for instruction in this institution is $250 per year for each x)crson. Provision for the payment for this instruction is made in the annual appropriations for the expenses of the govern- ment of the District of Columbia. By the act of March 3, 1893, making appropriations for the expenses of the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, and other i)urposes, the authority heretofore given to the Secretary of the Interior to provide for and place in a i)roper insti- ! EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 623 tution for tlieir instruction the feeble-miuded cliilclren of tlie District, is trausferrecl to the Board of Childrens' Guardians, which is under the immediate supervision of the District Commissioners. MARYLAND INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND. Under section 2 of the act of March 29, the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to place for instruction in an institution for the blind, in the State of Maryland or some other State, the indigent blind children of teachable age who are children of persons actually engaged in the military and naval service of the United States, and, under section 4869, of the Revised Statutes, the indigent blind children of teachable age belonging to the District of Columbia. In pursuance of this authority there were at the close of the last fiscal year (1892) 20 blind children under instruction in the Maryland Institution for the Blind at Baltimore, Md.; 2 were admitted and 2 discharged during the year, leaving 20 beneficiaries at the institution on the 30th of June, 1893. In addition to the usual course of instruction in institutions of this character the advanced pupils are trained in vocal and instrumental music and the theory of the same. There are also taught piano tuning, chair caning, broom and mattress making, plain and machine sewing, and 1)1 ain and fancy knitting. The younger pupils are taught by kindergarten methods, special attention being i)aid to physical training. The superintendent reports that these beneficiaries of the Govern- ment are of average intelligence, and have made commendable progress. The cost to the Government for each pupil is $300 per year, that being the cost of the State of Maryland for similar instruction. Pay- ment for the education of the indigent blind of the District of Columbia is provided for in the permanent annual appropriation for that purpose. FREEDMEN'S HOSPITAL. Appropriated for and placed under control of Secretary of War by act of March 3, 1871 (16 Stats., 506) ; transferred to Dcpartmtiut of Interior and placed under super- vision of Secretary thereof by act of June 23, 1874 (18 Stats., 223). Occupies 3J acres of leased ground in the District of Columbia on •wbicb there are eight build- ings, six were constructed by lessor and two at cost of $4,000 under ajiprojiria- tion by Congress therefor. Five buildings used for hospital purposes have capacity for 250 patients, the remainder, three, are administration buildings. The title of the entire property is in the trustees of Howard University, and its estimated value is $304, 000. The report of the surgeon -in-chief, Charles B. Purvis, M. D., discloses the following facts : The whole number of patients admitted : 400 white males. 111 white females, 1,022 colored males, and 1,093 colored females j total,- 2,626, an 624 REPOllT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. increase of 87 over last year. lu tlie dispensary 3,869 j)ers6us were prescribed for. Surgical operations, 392. Uj)on recommendation of the Commissioner of Pensions 118 ex- soldiers were provided for. Three pensioners were admitted npon recommendation of the Secretary of Board of Managers of National Soldiers' Homes. The birth rate has been large, numbering 202. Muety-one cases of alcoholism and 3 of diphtheria were admitted and treated. The eye and ear clinics were continued nnder the valuable services of Dr. E. Oliver Belt. Mrs. Ada Spnrgeon continues her mission work among the sick, and has been in- strumental in doing mnch good. Eeligious services have been con- ducted regularly by tlio Society of St. Vincent de Panl, a Catholic society. The fathers from the Church of St. Angnstine and the Eev. Edward Marshall Mott, of Eock Creek Chnrch, are regular in attend- ance. In the bill making appropriation for the expenses of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, as it passed the House of Eepresentatives, was incori^orated a clause placing the future management and control of the hospital under the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, it appearing from such action to be the intention of Congress to relieve the Dei^artmeut of the Interior abso- lutely of the care of the hospital. The friends of Howard University, with a view to protecting the interests of its medical department, which was accorded certain clinical privileges in connection with the hospital, objected to the management of sucli institution being placed under the control of the Commissioners of the District, believing that the interests of that branch of the University would not be fostered and protected by the transfer. As all other hospitals of the city were incorporated and managed by boards of responsible citizens, it was felt that, in event of the transfer being made, this hospital should not be an exception to the rule. To that end articles of incorporation of the Freedmen's Hospital under the laws of the District of Columbia, were i^repared, submitted to the Commissioners of the District, approved by them and thereafter duly recorded. It was not found necessary to act, however, under such in- corporation, as by the act of Congress approved March 3, 1893, making approi^riation for the exiienses of the District of Columbia, the suspervision and control of the expenditures only of the hospital were transferred to the Commissioners, leaving the supervision of the appointments to and the general administration of the institution, as heretofore, with the Secretary of the Interior. PUBLIC DOCUMENTS. During the last fiscal year 152,038 documents were received from the Government Printing Office by the superintendent of documents, for the use of the Department and for distribution and sale. By far the larger i^ortion of these publications has been distributed to public, college, and school libraries of the country. EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 625 Three volames of tlie reports of the Eleventh Census were received by the Department prior to July 1, 1893, viz: The Compendium, Part 1, containing population statistics; Eeport on Mineral Industries in the United States; and Report on Public Debt. These volumes are distributed chiefly upon the orders of Senators and Eepresentatives. The exchange of Government publications among public libraries has been continued as far as i^racticable xnVa the force available for the work. The number of documents received from libraries during the year and so made available for supplying deficiencies in other libraries, amounted to 26,973 volumes. Four volumes of United States Eeports were received from the ro- X>orter of the Supreme Court and distributed to officers of the Govern- ment and to United States judges and courts, as provided by law. It is evident, from the frequent applications for these reports by courts and departmental officers who cannot nnder the law be supiilied, that provision should at once be made for the purchase of a larger number of copies of this publication, that the Department may be enabled to meet these legitimate requests. Under the provision of law authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to sell Government publications at cost, documents to the value of $3,149.38 were sold during the year. Eequisitions upon the several Executive Departments for statistics for incorporation in the Official Register for 1893 were issued in June^ but in consequence of delay in receiving returns, work on the Reg- ister did not begin until September. The first volume is, however, well advanced, and it is hoped will be issued not later than the middle of December. The second volume will probably not be ready for distri- bution earlier than March or April next. The prei)aration of a comprehensive index of public documents issued during the last four years, the printing of which was author- ized by the last Congress, has received as much attention as could possibly be given to this important work by the superintendent of doc- uments. It is exj^ected that this index will be ready for publication during the winter. ARCHITECT OF THE CAPITOL. The architect reports that the i3rincipal improvements have been the extension of the platforms in the Hall of Eepresentatives to give additional seating capacity for the increased number of members; the extension of the Senate kitchen; the construction of additional coal vaults, and the rearrangement of the plumbing throughout the building. The marble bust of Elbridge Gerry has been received and added to those of the Vice-Presidents of the United States. The new apartment, 16 by 54 feet, for the Senate kitchen has been Ab. 93 40 626 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. constructed under the pavement of the open court; at tlie east front, between the Senate wing and the old buihling, the walls and ceilings are incased with glazed tile and bricks and the whole supplied with an outfit of the most approved cooking apparatus. The coal vaults, built under the pavement and grass plat at the east front, have a capacity for the storage of 800 tons of coal. Automatic steam regulators and draft valves have been connected with the steam boilers and the smoke flues of the boilers used for the Senate. The electric-lighting system has been extended to the document rooms in the attic story of the Senate wing and to various committee rooms, so that now the dynamos are taxed nearly to their utmost capacity. The architect renews the recommendation made in previous reports that the Government i)urchase the electric-hghting i^lant, instead of renting, as at present. An unusual amount of painting, plas- tering and repairs has been done, made necessary by the cutting of walls, ceilings, and floors in the various rooms throughout the building, in w^hich the sanitary improvements have been made. Of the appropriation of $97,169.00 made in the sundry civil aj)pro- priation act of August 5, 1892, for the above-mentioned improvements, there is an unexv)ended balance of $25,932.30; the work, however, is nearly comiileted and has been done in the best possible manner. Steam coils have been placed in the corridors and in many of the rooms of the terraces where heat is required, and copper roofs have been built over the archives under the north and south steps, for the better x3rotection of the corridors below. The artificial concrete walks and roads in the Capitol grounds have been repaired and a quantity of asphaltic roadway laid upon the west l)laza; the gravel carriageways have also been repaired and are in good condition. The trees and shrubbery have been x^roperly xiruned and trimmed and are in good condition. Attention is invited to the unfin- ished state of the lawn west of the House wing of the Cax)itol, and necessary ax3X)rox>riation for its comx^letion urged. In the court-house a toilet room with the necessary x^himbing has been fitted ux) east of the criminal court room, for use of the clerk's office. The wooden floor of the western court room has been extended to cover the entire area of the room and a x)latform has been constructed. A room at the south end of the east wing has been x)rex)ared for the judges' retiring room. The interior of the building has been kex^t in thorough repair, and the heating apx)aratus and steam machinery have been x)ut in good condi- tion. The exterior of the building is in an unsightly and dilapidated state and badly in need of paint and other rex>airs. At the Botanic Gardens two x)ropagating houses and the cool orchid house have been reconstructed. The wings of the large conservatory have been reglazed and painted. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 627 A new steam boiler lias been provided for tlie building and one of tlie propagating houses. General repairs liave been made to tlie heating apparatus and to the propagating houses and to the concrete walks of the garden. The main roof of the Smithsonian Institution has been repaired and new roofs placed on the towers. The copper gutters have been repaired and copper rain pipes substituted for those of tin, which were in a state of decay. The bay of rooms at the southeast portion of the cellar story are being rendered available for office purposes by lowering the floors and increasing the size of the Avindows. The plumbing and drainage of the eastern end of the office has been rearranged and improved. The one-story building for a file room of the Court of Claims has been com- pleted and furnished with file cases at a cost within the amount appro- 13riated by act of Congress approved May 13, 1892. MARITIME CANAL COMPANY OF NICARAGUA. The annual report from this comijauy is not required until the first Monday in December, but I have been advised that no progress has been made in the work during the x^ast twelve months. DEPARTMENT EXHIBIT AT THE V/ORLD'S FAIR. Of the total appropriation of $939,000 for the exhibit of the Govern- ment of the United States at the World's Columbian -Exposition, 15 jier cent ($140,850) was allotted to the Department of the Interior, less 5 i)er cent to the board of management for common expenses, making the amount actually available $133,807.50. This sum was expended as fol- lows : Amount actually available $133,807.50 Expenses of represeutativc, cliief special agent, and depart- mental office $7, 851. 54 General installation expenses charged to the Department 1, 618. 42 Esliibit General Land Office 8,'777. 07 Exhibit Indian Bureau 9,703.55 Exhibit Bureau of Education 8, 408. 04 Exhibit Patent Office 20, 053. 35 Exhibit Geological Survey 20, 812. 54 Exhibit Census Office 2.220.22 Alashan exhibit 6, 273, 94 Big Tree exhibit 10,528.51 Total expenditure 96, 247. 18 Unexpended balance July 1, 1893 37, 5G0. 32 To this should be added a specific appropriation of $25,000, made to the Indian Bureau for an exhibit of the Indian schools. 628 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. In the Goverumeut building about 26,000 square feet of space was assigned to the Department of the Interior. This space was occupied as follows: FLOOU SPACE. Square feet. Census Office 1,250 Bureau of Education 3, 300 Geological Survey 6,550 General Laud Office .----.. 3,950 Patent Office 6,650 Total 21,700 GALLERY SPACE. Alaskan exhibit - 3,400 Offices 500 Total 3,900 In addition, the California Big Tree {Sequoia gigantea) from Sequoia National Park, California, occupied the center of the rotunda beneath the great dome, filled a space approximately 23 feet in diameter, and con- sisted of a section of the tree 30 feet in height, taken at a point 30 feet from the ground. It was hollowed out so as to form two rooms connected by a spiral stairway, and in the lower apartment were hung pictures rep- resenting the big trees in general and the process of cutting this one in particular. This exhibit attracted a great deal of attention and was regarded by all as an exceedingly impressive object. A separate building was erected for the exhibit of the Indian school about a mile from the remainder of the Government display. ' A large proiiortiou of the visitors to the Exi)Osition sought out the Indian school, the educational methods in full operation being very interesting. The Alaskan exhibit, prepared and installed by Lieut. George T. Emmons, U. S. Navy, was of great interest. The electrical tabulating machines of the Census Office display attracted a good deal of attention, as did also the collection of maps and statistical diagrams, and the revolving globe 20 feet in diameter of the General Land Office exhibit. The exhibit of the Patent Office, consisting largely of models taken from the cases at Washington, interested many visitors. The U. S. Geological Survey exhibited iDrincipally the mineral resources of the United States, showing also a collection of rocks and *bssils was so arranged as to display the geology of the entire country. With the publications of the Bureau were large transparent photo- graphs on glass, and a collection of instruments used in the topo- graphic and hydrographic work of the Survey. This display was one of the most attractive in the building. Much attention was given by the foreign commissioners and others interested in library administration to the leading feature of the REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 629 exhibit of tlie Bureau of Education, wliicli consisted of a "working library selected by the American Library Association, catalogued a jcording to the latest ideas of librarians, and so mounted as to show many different library appliances. It is gratifying to know that the Exposition closed with an unex- pended balance of 629,715.87 to the credit of the Interior Department. Xot more than $5,000 will be required to return the exhibits, and about 825,000 can be turned back into the Treasury. t EXPENDITURES. Although I believe that many of the imi)rovements proposed by the various bureaus are wise and should in future be carried out, yet, in the estimate of exi)enditures for the Interior Department, furnished to the Secretary of the Treasury, I rejected a great majority of them. The strictest economy should, at the present time, control the disburse- ment of public money, and I could not consent to ask an appropria- tion of any sum not immediately necessary for the conduct of public business. EespectfuUy submitted. Hoke S^iith, Secretary. The President. APPENDIX. No. 50. Depaktment or the Interior, Washington, D. C, January 7, 1SD3. Eates— Combining Eates. Act of June 27, 1890— Order No. 164. HENEY H. WEIKE. 1. The basis of rates under the act of June 27, 1890, is inability to earn a support by reason of incapacity for manual labor due to disability not tlie result of vicious habits. 2. Schedule or nominal rates -will not be added together to make up a rate under said act, but the rate ■will be based on the combined effect of all the causes involved upon the applicant's capacity for manual labor. [Assistant Secretary Bussey to the Commissioner of Pensions, January 7, 3802. ] I return herewith the papers in the case of Henry H. Weilie, who is receiving a pension under certificate No. 478,173, on account of rheumatism and resulting disease of lieart. The original application alleging rheumatism was filed Aj)ril 4, 1887. In April, 1890, the claim was allowed for rheumatism and resulting disease of heart at $2 per month from April 4, 1887, and $8 from February 26, 1890. October 26, 18D0, he filed an application for increase and rerating, and February 24, 1891, he filed an application under the act of June 27, 1890, alleging disability from urinary trouble, dyspcj)sia, habitual constipation, and rheumatism, which rendered him partially imable to earn a support. Both claims were rejected, from which action an appeal is taken. The reports of medical examinations and the other evidence in the case fail to show that any error has been committed in rating this disability resulting from rheumatism. The rejection of the claim for increase and rerating is, therefore, affirmed. The report of the medical examination had siuco the apj)lication under the act of Juno 27, 1890, was filed, recommends a rating of -jSg ($8) for rheumatism and -^V ($4) for diseases of urinary organs, but does not show the existence of any of the other disbilitics alleged. The latter disease is not shown to bo the result of vicious habits, and the disability resulting therefrom may, conserxueutly, bo taken into considera- tion in fixing the rate of pension under said act. Conceding that $8 is the correct rate for the disability resulting from rheumatism, the question arises, is the claimant necessarily entitled to a higher rate because another disability is shown to exist? In other words, where more than one disabil- ity is involved, sliould the rate which would be allowed under the old law for each disability be added to the others to determine the total rate? The following order (No. 164) was, with the sanction of the Department, issued by you October 15, 1890: "That all claimants under the act of Juno 27, 1890, shoAving a mental or physical disability or disabilities of a permanent character, not the result of their own vicious 630 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 631 hatiits, and -whicli incajiacitate them for the j)erfovniance of manual lahor, rendering tliem unable to earn a Bupjiort in sucli a degree as icould he rated under former laws at or above $6 and less than $12, shall be rated the same as like disabilities of service origin ; and that all cases showing a pensionable disability ■which, if of service origin, would be rated at or above $12 per month, shall be rated at $12 per month." The foregoing order has governed the practice of 50ur Bureau in the matter of rates under the act of June 27, 1890, since the date of its issue. It appears, however, that saidorder as understood by the Department when apj)roving it, may have been miscon- strued by your Bureau so far as it has been your ijractice to add the separate nominal and schedule rates allowed for several disabilities in making a rate under this act. This has resulted by reason of the fact that it has been your practice under the old law to combine these rates where the total'does not exceed \\, The question as to the correctness of that i^ractice is not now before the Department for decision. It is deemed jiroper to state that the Department, in approving said order No. 164, did not intend that small rates should be added together, as, for example, three or more rates of 1% in order to make a rate under the provisions of said act. A man may have two or more separate afflictions, either one of which, considered singly, entitles him to a $2 rate under the old law, and yet in the aggregate they may not disable him for the performance of manual labor to a much greater degree than either of them existing alone. Or he may have one serious disability and one or more slight disabilities, the latter of which do not have any appreciable effect upon the degree of incapacity for manual labor occasioned by the former. The basis of rates under the act of June 27, 1890, is inability to earn support by reason of incapacity for manual labor due to a permanent mental or physical disa- bility not the result of vicious habits. In determining whether an applicant is entitled to a rate under said act for the character of disability aforementioned the only question is : Is he, from the cause or causes involved — bo they one or many — disabled for the performance of manual labor to the extent represented by the frac- tional rate of v*. If so, he is entitled to the minimum rate of $6. And so on until the maximum rate of $12 is reached. It is directed that the views heroin expressed be observed in future adjudications of claims under the act of June 27, 1890. In the claim of Mr. Vv'eikc, now under consideration, while it is conceded that a disability from disease of urinary organs exists which alone vrould be ratable under the old law, if of service origin, it is not believed that this disease combined with rheumatism disables him for manual labor to an extent which entitles him to a higher rating than $8 per month. Rheumatism is his chief disability. There is no albu- men nor sugar in the urine, and in fact but little if any objective symptoms of dis- ease of urinary organs other than hypertrophy of the prostate gland. He is evi- dently able to perform considerable manual labor. The rejection of the claim under the act of June 27, 1890, is affirmed. No. 1. Department of The Interior, Washington, D. C, May S7, 1893. Act June 27, 1890— Proper Basis of Eating — Order 164 op the Commissioner. CHARLES T. BENNETT. 1. The basis of pension under sections 4692 and 4693, R. S., is disability by reason of wound, injury, or disease contracted while in the service and in line of duty. 2. The basis of pension under section 2, act June 27, 1890, is incapacity, due to any permanent mental or physical disability not the result of vicious habits, to such a degree as renders claimant unable to earn a support by manual labor. G32 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 3. Disabilities incurred wliile in tlie service and in tlie line of duty, and incapacity for earning a support befalling a claimant for pension after bis sei'vice had . ceased, are i^laced by the pension laws on an entirely diflereut footing. i. Disability incurred during service and in lino of duty is pensionable without regard to capacity to earn a support, and is rated under the provisions of the Revised Statutes, without reference to this condition. 5. Disability resulting from causes other than of service origin are jjensionable only under the provisions of the second section of the act of June 27, 1890, when in- capacity to labor joins with incapacity to earn a supi^ort, and the grades of rating thereunder are dependent upon these two conditions. 6. AYhen by Order No. 164 of the Commissioner of Pensions, October 15, 1890, it was declared that disabilities under the act of June 27, 1890, should be rated as if of service origin, the very principle which governed ratings under said act was displaced and a rule applicable to a different law was substituted. 7 Neither the Secretary of the Interior, nor the Commissioner of Pensions can, by order or by practice, supersede an act of Congress. The power of the Depart- ment, so far as its orders and practice are concerned, is limited to an execution of tlie law; it ceases when an effort is made to supersede the law. [Assistant Secretary John M. Eeynokls to the Commissioner of Pensions, May 27, 1893.] Charles T. Bennett, lato ^irivate, Comftany F, Thirteenth Indiana Volunteers, filed his original application for an invalid jiension under the provisions of the Revised Statutes, on July 5, 1886, alleging that while in the service and in line of duty at Raleigh, N. C, about June 1, 1865, he was prostrated by a sunstroke, from which resulted a disease of the head and loss of hearing. The claim was rejected by your Bureau February 18, 1892, upon the ground that the evidence failed to establish the existence of any disability due to the claimant's army service. From said action the claimant appealed March 19, 1892. The evidence shows that the appellant enlisted September 14, 1804, and was discharged June 23, 1865 ; but the records of the War Department, in evidence, show neither treatment for any disability during said period, nor the existence of any disabling cause, but that he was carried on all rolls and returns as " present for duty " from enlistment to dis- charge. The affidavits furnished in support of his claim do not satisfactorily establish tho origin of the alleged disability, and in the certificate made by the board of exam- ining surgeons at Vincennes, Ind., on November 3, 1886, tho following language is found: "This man seems to be in vigorous health, and we discover no evidence of a diseased nervous system, not tremulous, but in good flesh, and looks as if he was never afflicted by any great nervous prostration. * * * Wo would state that he has slight deafness in both ears, but not of sufficient character to warrant us in making a rating." Tho rejection of the applicant's claim for invalid pension, for the reasons given, was proper and is affirmed. This appeal brought up, also, the application made by the same claimant for a pension under the provisions of the second section of the act of June 27, 1890. Under this second section your Bureau on January 29, 1891, granted to the claimant the maximum rating of $12 a month. The oTjly disability found to exist upon medical examination, as declared by your Bureau, w.is '•'slight deafness of both ears." This deafness was so slight, accord- ing to the certificate of the board of examiners, that he could hear a watch tick in each car when it was within one-half inch of each. To entitle tho claimant to a pension under the provisions of the second section of the act of June 27, 1890, it Avas necessary that he should be suffering from a mental or physical disability of a permanent character not the result of his own vicious habits, which incapacitates him for the performance of manual labor in such a de- EEPORT OF THE SECKETARY OF THE INTERIOR. €33 gree as to render him unable to earn a support; in Avhich event lie might be entitled to receive a pension not exceeding $12 per month and not less than $6 per month. As the claimant Tvas suffering simply from "slight deafness," according to your finding, ^vliich was so slight that he could hear a Tvatch tick one-half inch from each ear, the physical disability clearly failed to come "within the requirements of the law. Such "slight deafness," of necessity, could not incapacitate for the performance of manual labor, and yet the claimant was allowed the largest sum provided for under this section of the act of June 27, 1890. In order to ascertain with certainty the basis upon which this pension was rated, the following communication was addressed to the Commissioner of Pensions : Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C, May 23, 1893. Sir : I herewith return to you the papers in the case of Charles T. Bennett, late lirivate, Company F, Thirteenth Indiana Volunteers, Certificate No. 533,762. Please furnish me at your earliest convenience the basis of rating in this case, which places "slight deafness" of both ears, under the act of June 27, 1890, at the rate of $12 per month , Very resiiectfully, Jxo. M. Reynolds, The Commissioner of Pensions. Assistant Secretary. To wliicli tlie followiug ans\^'er was furnislied tiiroiigli tlie Commis- siouer of Pensions: Department of the Interior, Bureau of Pensions, Wasldnfjton, D. C, May 23, 1893. Sir: In response to your request that I prepare an answer to the communication of this date addressed you by the honorable Assistant Secretary concerning the basis of rating in this case for a slight deafness of both ears at $12 per month under the act of June 27, 1890, I have to say that this rate was allowed in accordance with Order No. 161, which directed "that all cases showing a pensionable disability which, if of service origin, would be rated at or above $12 per month, shall be rated at $12 per month." The inability of the apxdicant to perform manual labor was not taken into consideration. At the time of the action taken in this claim, January 29, 1891, the schedule rate for slight deafness of both ears was $15 ; hence the rate of $12 was allowed. Since December 4, 1891, the schedule rate for slight deafness of both ears has been $6, and such cases have been allowed at this rate since the above date. I have recently suspended action in this class of cases. Very respectfully, Tiios. D. Ingram, Medical Referee. The Department will now consider whether the method of rating followed in this case is in accordance with the law. The second section of the act of June 27, 1890, provides as follows : "Sec. 2. That all persons who served ninety days or more iu the military or naval service of the United States during the late war of the rebellion and who have been honorably discharged therefrom, and who are now or who may hereafter be suffering from a mental or physical disability of a permanent character, not the re- sult of their own vicious habits, which incapacitates them for the performance of manual labor in such a degree as to render them unable to earn a support, shall, upon making due proof of the fact, according to such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may provide, be placed upon the list of invalid pensioners of the United States, and be entitled to receive a pension not exceeding twelve dollars 634 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. per mouth and not less than sis dollars per month, j)roportionedto the degree of ina- bility to earn a support; and such pension shall commence from the date of the filing of the application in the Pension Oflicc after the passage of this act, upon proof that the disability then existed, and shall continue during the existence of tlie same." It will be seen that this section only provides for a pension where the applicant has been incapacitated for earning a suj^iiort by manual labor. Incapacity to perform manual labor to a degree which produces inability to earn a support, is the basis of j^ension binder this section; yet the report of the medical referee shows that the pension was allowed by your Bureau in this case in pursuance of Order No. 164; and the inability of the applicant to perform manual labor was not taken into consideration. The following is a copy of Order Ko. 164: In regard to fixing rates of 2}ensions under act of June 27, 1890. That all claimants under the act of June 27, 1890, showing a mental or pnysical disability or disabilities of a iiermanent character not the result of their own vicious habits, and which incapacitate them for the performance of manual labor, rendering them unable to earn a support in such a degree as would be rated under former laws at or above six dollars and less than twelve dollars, shall be rated the same as like disabilities of service origin; and that all cases showing a pensionable disability wliich, if of service origin, would be rated at or above twelve dollars per month, shall be rated at twelve dollars per month. Geeen B. Raum, Aj)proved : Commissioner. Cyrus Bussey, Assistant Secrctar)j. It will be seen that this order required that all cases showing a pensionable dis- ability under the act of June 27, 1890, should be rated as if of service origin. The law applicable to pensions of service origin is found in the Revised Statutes, and is as follows : ''Any officer of the Army, including regulars, volunteers, and militia, or any officer in the Navy or Marine Corps, or any enlisted man, however employed, in the mili- tary or naval service of the United States, or in its Marine Corps, whether regularly mustered or not, disabled by reason of any wound or injury received, or disease con- tracted, while in the service of the United States and in line of duty," etc. The only requirement to obtain a i^ension under this act is disability by reason of wound or injury received or disease contracted while in the service and in line of duty. Incapacity to perform manual labor, which is the foundation to the right to pension under the act of Juue 27, 1890, fixes an entirely difiereut standard of disa- •biJity from that just mentioned, contained in the Revised Statutes, covering inju- ries of service origin. Disabilities incurred while in actual service and incajjacity coming upon applicant long after service ceased arc made by the law to stand upon an entirely different footing. Those incurred during service and in line of duty are pensionable without regard to capacity to earn a support, and are graded with- out reference to this condition. Disabilities resulting from caiises other than of service origin are only pensionable when incapacity to labor joins with incapacity to earn a support, and the grades of rating are dependent upon these two con- ditions. When by Order No. 164 it was declared that disabilities under the act of June 27, 1890, should be rated as of service origin, the very principle which gov- erned the rating under the act of Juno 27, 1890, was displaced, and a rule applicable to a different act was substituted. REPORT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 635 This case illustrates tlie effect of the departure by your Bureau from the terms of the act of 1890 : 1. The applicant was awarded for "slight deafness" not of service origin, $12. The award was made under the act of 1890. It was given by your Bureau for '•' slight deafness," because, under an entirely different act, applicable to disabilities of service origin alone, $15 was the lowest ratins for " slight deafness." 2. "The inability of the applicant to perform manual labor was not taken into consideration." Yet the act of 1890, under which the applicant sought and was allowed a pension, made inability of the ax^plicant to perform manual labor, in such a degree as to prevent him from earning a support, the foundation of his claim. It is, therefore, clear that the rating under the Revised Statutes for disabilities of service origin was substituted by Order No. 161 for the rating provided under tho act of 1890. The order having resulted in one error, a second error naturally followed, and the inability of the api^licant to perform manual labor was not taken into consideration. In a word, the act of June 27, 1890, was changed and sui^erseded by Order No. 161, as construed by your Bureau, and by a practice that neglected to take into considera- tion the ability of the applicant to perform manual labor. It is hardly necessary to present argument or to support by authority the propo- sition that neither the Secretary nor the Commissioner can by order or practice suj)ersede an act of Congress. The power of the Department, so far as orders and practice are concerned, is limited to an execution of the law; it ceases when an effort is made to supersede the law. You will, therefore, take such steps as are necessary to reopen this case and to pass upon it in accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress approved June 27, 1890, disregarding any order or practice which is in conflict with the plain letter of the law. The foregoing decision was approved by tho honorable Secretary of the Interior, and was by him submitted to the honorable Attorney-General, who also approved it. After this concurrence tho following order was made revoking the one dated October 15, 1890, numbered 161, referred to therein : Department of the Ixterior, Wasliington, D. C, May 27, 1893. Sir: Order No. 164, signed ''Green B. Raum, Commissioner of Pensions," and approved, "Cyrus Bussey, Assistant Secretary," of date October 15, 1890, is hereby revoked. You will prepare, for apin'oval of the Secretary, new rules and regulations cover- ing the proof of the right to pensions and rates of same in accordance with the pro- visions of section second of tho act of Congress approved Jime 27, 1890. Your attention is directed to tho fixct that the disabilities which are pensionable under this section must be of a permanent character, incapacitating for the perform- ance of manual labor to such a degree as to produce inabilitj" to earn a support. You will observe, also, that the rate of pension is fixed at not less than $6 nor more than $12 ^ler month, proportioned to the degree of inability to earn a support. You will have an examination made to determine what pensions have heretofore been allowed under section second of the act approved June 27, 1890, in disregard of the terms of said act and in conflict with the ruling of this Dojiartment in the case of Charles T. Bennett, this day transmitted to you. Respectfully, TToKE Smitti, Secretarij. The CojiMissroxEE of Pensions. 636 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. (Order No. 240.) Department of The Interior, Bureau of Pensions, Wasliingion, August 26, 1S93. In the recxamiuatiou of all classes allo^vccl under section 2 of tlie act of Jnnc 27, 1890, tlie practice of the Bureau is hereby changed and modified as follows: First. "\Micre it appears, ^rima facie, on the face of the papers, that the pensioner was not entitled to any rating, the payment of the i)eusion shall be at once suspended, and the pensioner notified that he -will be dropped from the rolls after sixty days from such notice, unless he shall in the meantime file competent evidence showing his rightto j^ension. Second. Where, on the face of the papers, it appears that the pensioner is en- titled to a less rate than he is now receiving, he shall be notified that his pension will bo reduced to such less rate unless, within sixty days from such notice, he shall file comiietent evidence of his right to a higher rating. Third. "Where it appears on the face of the papers that the pensioner had been allowed a pension under a prior lavr, and that he is not entitled under the act of June 27, 1890, to any higher rate of pension than was so allowed under such prior law, he shall be notified that his pension under the act of June 27, 1890, will be dropped and his pension under such prior law restored, unless, within sixty days from such notice, he shall file competent evidence that he is entitled to a higher rate than was granted by his pension under such prior law. Fourth. Every such notice shall inform the pensioner that upon his application to the Commissioner he will be immediately ordered for examination by a local medical board to enable him to obtain the necessary evidence to show his right to pension. Fifth. When any pensioner shall have complied with the requirement of such otice and furnished evidence tending to support his claim to be continued on the rolls, the case shall at once be a "special case" and be promptly adjudicated. There will be no preliminary suspension in any case hereafter, except as provided in tho first subdivision of this order. Wm. Lochren, Commissioner. Approved. Hoke Smith, Secretary. Pensions and Pension Appeals. Department of the Interior, Waslungton, D. C, Xovemher 1, 1S93. The Secretary: I have the honor to submit my report of the work done by the Board of Pension Appeals, under my supervision and that of my predecessor, from the beginning of the fiscal year commencing July 1, 1892, to the present time. This work relates to the adjudication of claims for pension which are apjiealed to the Secretary from the adverse action of the Commissioner of Pensions; to the final disposition and decision of such other appeals from the Commissioner as involve questions of attorneyship and fees in pension cases; and also to correspondence with claimants and attorneys, having reference to such appeals. Tlie amount of work accomplished, including decisions prepared and current correspondence, is summarized in the following tabu- lated statements: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 637 ANNUAL STATEMENT. ORIGINAL APPEALS. Table I. — Statement showing disposition of pension claims from July 1, 1S92, to June SO, 1S93. Appeals pending on the first day of the month. Em o Action of the Pen- sion Ollice sus- tained. Action of thePen- sion Ollice re- versed. CD C.S iri 13 IS m m a a ID 1 2 a o II el O -4-3 5 1892. 4,349 4,348 3,973 4,545 4,647 4,658 4,639 4,688 4,742 4,664 4,785 4,748 4,457 320 3 890 407 326 305 379 364 369 462 491 204 4,669 4,351 4,803 4,952 4,973 4,963 5,068 5,050 5,111 5,126 5,276 4,952 241 314 246 217 218 198 297 251 358 284 446 415 46 55 27 49 73 45 28 29 54 29 31 19 22 3 24 19 5 14 19 21 18 6 12 9 12 6 21 20 19 17 38 7 17 22 39 52 321 A w ""list ... ....................... 378 ftontember 318 October 305 2s^0YCTiiber - 315 274 1S93. 382 308 M^arcii 447 April .-.-,. 341 528 495 Julv . ... .. Total 4,520 3,485 485 172 270 4,412 MOTIONS FOR RECONSIDERATION. Tasle II. — Statement slioicinj disposition of motions for reconsideration from July 1, 1S92, to June 30, IS93. July August September. October November . December.. 1892. January . February . . . March April May June July Total . 1893. 2 C S.SS u"^ 2 »§2 182 182 165 184 178 194 185 179 190 190 182 163 148 O 0; -t-" ^ 17 1 34 21 26 20 9 21 28 21 12 13 233 199 183 199 205 214 214 194 200 218 211 194 176 o o 14 17 9 23 20 25 13 10 25 26 27 25 234 o o o a .C 3 ^ c: o.° r— -t- ^.H s . ? o o o O 30 CO 20 12 EC t C.2 o © CQ O -S ° 2 17 18 15 27 20 29 15 10 28 29 31 28 267 o o o Sis 0.2 815 640 1,295 775 1,220 1,105 1,295 1,225 1,625 1,405 1,655 800 13, 855 a ^> o © §rivilege of commuting and acquiring title after four years from date of entry, without further timber culture, at $1.25 per acre, was extended by that act, and this privilege was taken advantage of during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, to the extent of 354,651.75 acres. DISPOSAL OF PUBLIC LANDS. The following is a statement of the acreage of public lands disposed of during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893 : CASH SALES. Acres. Private eutries 14,819.96 Public auction 1, 848. 17 Preemption entries 718, 336. 27 Timber and stone land entries 182, 340. 61 Mineral-land eutries 42, 464. 33 Desert-land entries 417, 018. 50 Excesses on homestead and other entries 12, 334. 43 Coal-land entries 10, 860. 13 Lassen County desert-land entries 440. 00 Town-site entries 2,651.72 Abandoned military reservation 300. 02 Additional xiaymeu'ts 371. 19 Act June 15, 1814 589.15 Act March 3, 1887 194.38 Act May 2, 1890 109. 97 Cash substitutions 40. 00 Change of entry 239. 90 1, 404, 958. 82 JIISCELLAXEOUS. Homestead entries (original) 6, 808, 791. 56 Timber-culture entries (original) 10, 988. 98 Entries with — Military bounty-laud warrants 5, 086. 09 Agricultural college scrip 160. 00 Private-land scrip 8, 297. 31 Sioux half-breed scrip 160. 00 Valentine scrij) 125. 26 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 645 Acres. State selections 1,230,676.49 Railroad selections 1, 966, 844. 07 Swamp lands 249,854.09 Indian allotments 115, 497. 31 Donation claims 240. 06 Acres . 10, 396, 727. 22 Total area of land entries and selections 11, 801, 686. 04 INDIAN LAXDS* Clierolcee scliool-lauds 120. 26 Utc 77, 095. 51 Osage trust and diminished reserve 6, 978. 72 Sioux 3,091.38 Flathead 720. 00 Omaba 997.39 Ponca 454. 69 89, 457. 95 Grand total 11,891,143.99 r.ECAPITULATIOX. Area sold for cash 1, 404, 958. 82 Miscellaneous entries 10, 396, 727. 22 Indian lands 89, 457. 95 Aggregate 11,891,143.99 646 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE The foregoing does not include the following entries, tlie areas of wliicli have been previously reported in the "original entries" of the respective classes : Acres. CommuteiT liomcstcads (sec. 2301, E. S.) 425, G65. 25 Coinmuterl homesteads (act June 15, 1880) 1, 456. 67 Commuted timber-culture entries (act March 3, 1891 354, 651. 75 Final homestead entries 3, 477, 231. 63 Final timber-cnlturo entries 914, 351.34 Final desert-laud entries 231, 672. 18 And other areas consisting of university selections, military boimty-land -vrarrauts, additional payments,-<;ash substitutions, town sites, etc .. 6, 062. 12 5, 411, 090. 94 The filings and fees therefrom are stated in the annexed table : Kind of filings. Preemption Homestead Coal Town site Valentine scrip Mineral applications Timber and stone applications . Mineral advci-so claims . Total Numljcr. 1,721 615 1,277 9 2 1,695 2,268 7,587 383 7,070 Fees. $4, 766. 00 1, 307. 00 3, 822. 00 22.00 2.00 16, 950. 00 22, 680. 00 49, 549. 00 3, 830. 00 53, 379. 00 Miscellaneous fees as follows : Cancellation notices $2, OGS. 00 lleducing testimony, etc 71, 170. 99 Erroneously collected 144. 00 Supplemental payments on timber and stono applications 405. 00 73, 787. 99 127, 166. 89 CASH RECEIPTS. The following is a statement of the cash receipts of the office, fi-om various sources, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893 : Sales of land at private entry $18, 628. 53 Sales of land at public auction 2, 674. 49 Sales of laud by preemi-)tion entry 955, 362. 17 Sales of timber and stone land 455, 353. 87 Sales of mineral laud 165, 486. 84 Sales of desert land (original) 104, 259. 51 Sales of, desert land (final) 238,071.93 Commuted homesteads, under sec. 2301, E. S 600, 223. 54 Commuted homesteads, under act June 15, 1880 1, 684. 47 Commuted timber cultures, under act March 3, 1891 443, 421. 69 Excesses on homestead and other entries 17, 806. 65 Sales of town sites 4, 835. 84 Sales of to-svu lots 180.00 Sales of coal laud 181,764.30 Sales of Lasseu County desert land 550. 00 Sales of abandoned military reservations 375. 02 University selections 302. 12 Additional payments 1, 999. 67 Cash substitutions 300. 00 Total cash receipts 3, 193, 280. 64 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 647 FEES AND COMMISSIONS. For liomestead entries $80-1, 717. 81 For timber-culture entries 25, 269. 00 For military bouuty-lauil ^varrant locations 209. 00 For agricultural college scrip locations 4. 00 For State selections 14, 468. 50 For railroad selections 26, 316. 35 For Valentine scrip locations 3. 00 For donation claims 30. 00 For preemption and other filings 53, 379. 00 For reducing testimony to writing, etc 73, 787. 99 $998, 184. 65 Total receipts from tlie disposal of public land 4, 191, 465. 29 Total receipts from the disposal of Indian lands - 284, 752. 65 Total receipts from timber depredations 3, 516. 20 Total cash receipts 4,479,734.14 648 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Nwinber and class of final and original entries, selections, and filings made during the compared with the year j Class of entry. nXAL EXTRIES. Private PnLlic auction Preemption • Timber lud stouo Mineral Desert land Commuted liomestcads (under sec. 2301, R. S.)... Commuted homosteads (under act Juno 15, 1880). Commuted timber cultures (under act, Mar. 3, 1891) Excesses on homestead and other entries Town sites Town lots Coal land Lassen County desert laud Abandoned military reservations University selections Additional payments Cash substitution Homesteads Timber culture Military bounty-land warrants Scrip locations under the several acts Indian allotments Donation claims Indian lands. OniGINAL ENTEIE3. Desert land Homestead Timber culture . BAILROAD AND STATE SELECTIONS. Railroad State (under the i-evcral acts). FILING AND MISCELLANEOUS FEES. Pilinji fees and mineral adverse claims Fees tor reducing testimony to writing, etc r.ECAPITULATION BY TOTALS. Final entries Original entries Railroad and State selections . Filing and miscellaneous fees. Total. Xet total of decrease. Number of en- tries. 21G G3 4,824 1,382 1,315 8S3 3,175 11 2,418 4,0U1 17 10 75 1 7 3 3U 3 24, 204 C, 0.33 G2 104 878 4 49, 739 1,000 50, 739 Number of acres. Cash receipts. 14, 819. 96 1,848.17 718, 336. 27 182, 340. 61 42, 464. 33 231, 672. 18 425, 665. 25 1,456.67 354, 651. 75 12, 334. 43 2,651.72 10. 860. 13 440.00 300.02 371. 19 40.00 3, 477, 231. 63 914, 351. 34 5, 0S6. 03 8, 742. 57 115, 497. 31 246. 06 Sales. $18, 623. 53 2, 674. 49 955, 362. 17 455, 353. 87 165,486.84 238, 071. 93 600, 223. 54 1, 684. 47 443, 421. 69 17, 806. 65 4, 835. 84 180. 00 181, 764. 30 550. 00 375. 02 302. 12 1, 999. 67 300. 00 Fees and commis- sions. $123, 943. 59 24, 260. 00 209. 00 7.00 6,521,407.08 89,457.95 6,610,805.03 2,197 417,018.50 48, 430 6, 808, 791. 56 10, 988. 98 50, 709 13,153 7,473 3, 089, 021. 13 284, 752. 65 3, 373, 773. 78 104, 259. 51 30.00 148, 449. 59 148, 449. 59 080, 774. 22 1, 009. 00 7, 236, 799. 04 101, 259. 51 681, 783. 22 1, 966, 814. 07 1, 480, 530. 58 20, 316. 35 14. 468. 50 20, 026 I 2, 147, 374. 65 7,970 40, 784. 85 "I" 53, 379. 00 73, 787. 99 7,970 50. 739 50, 709 20, 026 7,970 6, 610. 86''.. 63 7, 236, 799. 04 3, 447, 374. 65 130,044 17,295,039.32 3, 373. 773. 78 104, 259. 51 3, 478, 033. 29 127, 126. 99 118,449.59 681, 783. 22 40, 784. 85 127, 166. 99 998, 184. 65 Net increase in final entries, 4,004, in acres 433,477. EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 649 year ending June 30,1893; also the amount of cash for same and increase or dccreaseas ending June 30, 1S92. Increase as compared with 1892. Decrease as compared with 1892. Num- ber of entries. Xumber of acres. Casb sales. Fees and commis- sions. Number of entries. Number of acres. Cash sales. Fees and commis- sions. 17 251. 09 1, 363. C9 195, 440. 67 $151.08 4, 800. 59 283. 189. 46 9 ::■■":::::::;::::::::::::: 1,779 376 3 145 261 44 800 71 *iii ^'''! i'! 5, 923. 41 29, 649. 65 41, 965. 43 455. 45 21,305.08 07 149 00 64, 889. 82 372. 97 1 197 440 24, 6D2. 76 1,256.80 31. 496. 16 1,642.98 ;:;::::::::;:;;:::::: 5 1,014.16 839. 44 107 85, 140. 00 29 4, 924. 70 67, 055. 70 8 1, 639. 75 2, 049. 68 4 j 1?.Q 7J. 174. 67 302. 12 3 i 1 77.46 39 1 2, 326. 15 300. 00 120.00 1,382 2,175 217, 334. 50 346, 336. 08 $8 287.5.^ 8 l'") 35 93 162 8,107.81 26, 480. 70 7, 279. 08 233. 94 $242. 00 17.00 70 1 15.00 4, 403 692, 921. 35 293, 600. 27 17, 031. 88 2,843 2,208 206, 938. 29 8, 008. 93 411,156.10 171, 929. 19 259. 00 "• " 1 4,463 j 692,921.35 293, 609. 27 17, 031. 88 5,051 274, 947. 22 583, 085. 29 259. 00 22 6,077 192 24, 454. 90 907, 270. 77 30. 385. 98 12, 027. 54 1 90, 869. 62 2, 67d. 00 1 1 6, 891 902, 111. 71 12, 027. 54 93, 542. 62 1 1 1 4,181 798, 599. 07 8. 327. 02 188, 235. 84 1 551 963. 21 I 188, 235. 84 4,732 798, 599. 07 9, 290, 23 12, 808. 00 6, 673. 36 479 1 .::::::::::::: 1 19, 511. 30 479 1 i 4,463 092, 921. 35 293,609.27 17,031.83 5,051 6,891 4, 732 479 274, 947. 22 902. 111. 71 793, 599. 07 583, 085. 29 12, 027. 54 259. 00 93. 542. 62 188, 235. 84 9, 290. 23 19,541.30 1 , 4,403 881,157.19 293, 009. 27 3G, 573. 24 17, 153 4,443 2, 035, 058. CO 881, 157. 19 595,112.83 293. 009. 27 103,091.85 30, 573. 24 ..1 ... 1.' 12, 690 1, 154, 500. 81 301, 503. 56 06, 518. 61 1 1 Net decrease in original entries 0,891, iu acres 902,111. 71. STATE FORMAL SCHOOI, lOe kSaXLSB. -:- OKI, C50 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE ISSUE OF PATENTS l^OR LANDS DISPOSED OF. AGKICULTURAL PATENTS ISSUED. * Patents of the class clenomiuated agricultural "\^'e^e issued during tlic fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, to tlie number of 43,684, contain ing approximately 6,989,440 acres, made up of the following, viz : Cash patents 16, 317 Hojiicstcp.d iiateuts 21, 643 Timbcr-culturo patents 5, 340 Military patents 115 A jrrifuitural college scrip . 6 Supreme Court scrip _ 3 Surveyor-general's scrip 184 Sioux half-breed serial 58 Valcutiue scriii 5 Cole scrip 1 Clioctaw scrip 1 Cbipjiewa half-breed scrip 1 Metoyer scrip ." 1 Arrcdondo scrip 1 Special act of Congress October 1, 18S0 5 Red Lake and Pembina scrip 4 43, 684 The class of patents embraced in the above includes all patents issued on final and commuted homestead entries, on x)reemption, timber-cul- ture, desert, x^rivate cash, town-site, and other entries embracing land of an agricultural, nonmincral character. This statement shows a decrease in the number of patents issued during the last fiscal year as comr)ared with the next preceding of 52,096, and in the approximate number of acres contained therein a decrease of 8,431,300, the number of patents issued in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1892, having been 96,380, and the number of acres contained therein approximating 15,420,800. It is thought that this great decrease may be exi^lained in -pnvt by the fact of extraordinary eiforts having been made, conformably to the policy which then obtained, to hasten the issue of patents during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1892, aided by the provisions of the act of March 3, 1891, confirming large numbers of entries and requiring that the}- should be patented at once, which had been suspended for the investigation of various questions affecting their validity under pre- viously^ existing laws, and in part by the changes affected by the act of March 3, 1891, repealing the preemption laws, and the act of August 30, 1890, limiting the quantitj'' of agricultural lands, which might bo appropriated by any one person to 320 acres, in the aggregate, under all tlie statutes. MINERAL PATENTS. Of mineral and mill-site patents, 1,023 were issued, as against 3,242 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1892, a decrease of 1,619. Of coal patents, 104 were issued, as against 80 i^atents for the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1892, an increase of 24, and including an area of 14,009.81 acres, as against an area during the previous year of 10,070.74 acres, or an increase in area of 3,033,07 acres. REPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 651 Tu the following table are shown. the States and Territories in which, mineral and mill site and coal-land patents were issued : Alaska Arkansas . Arizoaa . . . California . Colorado .. rioriila Idalio Montana . . Nevada .-. ITew Mexico . Oret'on. States and Territories. Total. Coal land. No. 43 South Dakota ' Utali - I 7 Washington 33 Wyoming 17 Area. Acrei. 5, 751. 85 318. 81 1, 000. 00 4, 983. 00 1, 953. 15 104 14, 009. 81 Mineral and mill site. 2 7 58 130 601 2 73 318 25 77 U 79 177 44 19 1,623 RAILROAD LANDS PATENTED. There were i)ateuted (or certified with the effect of patenting) for the benefit of railroad companies under Congressional grants during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, 1,720,179.95 acres, as shown in the following table: Uniou Pacific Railway Company : Acres Kansas 48,794.83 Nebraska 314. 47 Atlantic and Pacific Railroad Company, New Mexico 312, 386. 73 Central Pacific Railroad Company, Utah 75, 382. 16 Central Pacific Railroad Company, Oregon Division, California 187, 275. 55 New Orleans Pacific Railway Company, Louisiana . . . : 70, 807. 36 Gnlf and Ship Island Railroad Company, Mississippi 39, 810^52 Florida Central and Peninsula Railroad Company, Florida . 255, 560. 32 Oregon and California Railroad Company, Oregon 292, 486. 90 Southern Pacific Railroad Company, California 71, 553. 11 Northern Pacific Railroad Company : Minnesot.i 2, 055. 84 North Dakota 210, 397. 78 Washington 148, 469. 54 Oregon 422. 75 Denver Pacific, Colorado 116. 71 Duhnqne and Sioux City, Iowa 200. 00 Hastings and Dakota. Minnesota 9, 905. 38 Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, Iowa, 240. 00 Total - 1,726,179.95 As against an area patented to railroads during the last fiscal year preceding of 2,018,553.64 acres, showing a decrease of 292,373.09 acres. SWAMP-LAND PATENTS. The following statement shows the acreage of swamp lands and swamp-land indemnity lands patented during the j'ear; also the acre- age selected by the States and approved bj^ this office, and the total acreage certified and patented since the date of the first swami>land grant, March 2, 1849: 652 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Sicam2) lands and swamj)-land indemnity lands selected, approved, and patented during the fiscal year ending June SO, ISOS. S\\'amp lands. Swampland indemnity lands. Total pat- ented since dates of grants. States. Selected. Approved. Patented. Selected. Certified. Patented. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. 2, 974. 89 Acres. 414 164 15 1 7,666 649 31 Onliforni.i 271. 30 184, 135. 61 391. 30 221, 820. 04 1 5''9 676 77 Florida 16 643 073 34 4,360 1,455,641 45 Indiana ..... 1, 257, 863. 05 560. 00 50, 090. 98 300. 00 1,011.06 1, 184, 947. 49 Louisiana : Act of 1849. ............ 8, 712, 987. 96 249 540 42 Act of 1850... 4,623.66- 307. 64 9, 590. 50 5,668 531.65 118,785.32 43, 519. 70 2, 995, 868. 67 47, 846. 88 3,480.00 3, 307, 000. 08 ^Missouri 40.00 120.21 3,426 836 27 Ohio 25, 640. 71 4, 029. 31 15, 653. 34 216, 079. 97 AVisconsin . . 3. 347, 828 16 Total lis, 785. 32 282, 646. 90 249, 854. 09 4,360 58,925.43 1 ."iS 109. 3''n_4.'i ' During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, patents were issued to the several States, under the swamp-laud acts, on 249,854.09 acres of swamp lands and 58,025.43 acres of swamp-land indemnity lands, as shown in the above table, making, together, a total of 308,770.52 acres, being an increase of 132,081-54 acres patented during the fiscal year over the number of acres of swamp land and swamp-land indemnity land patented during the i^receding fiscal year, viz, 176,097.98. APPROVAL OF LANDS GRANTED FOR EDUCATIONAL AND OTHER PURPOSES. The approvals daring the year under the grants to the States and Territories for educational and other i)urposes, having the effect of a patent, embraced in the aggregate an area of 552,242.29 acres. There were also iDatented, under special provisions of law, 9,011.34 acres reported as approved in the report for the preceding fiscal year. Following is a detailed statement: states. Character of grant. Approved. Colorado. Nebraska. Total . -do -do , Louisiana ' do Nevada Orejron South Dakota Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do TTtah Washinaton Do Do School-land indemnity. do Agricultural college Deaf and dumb asylum Educational, charitable, etc. Xormal schools Public buildings Keform school School-land indemnity Scliool of mines University do... .- Agricultural college Xornial schools .. ." Public buildings Acres. 134, 265. 57 30, 918. 18 295. 20 109, 748. 85 39, 508. 66 11,361.89 21, 822. 97 14,482.12 27, 599. 47 27, 286. 81 22. 378. 04 6, 394. OS 11,013.81 24, 233. 15 45, 836. 05 10,115.04 11,163.00 3, 819. 40 552, 242. 29 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 653 Tlie above-stated acreage of 552,212.29 acres apx)roved, against an area during the previous fiscal year of 598,000.33 acres, shows a de- crease of 40,418.04: acres. The above figures, however, do not show the total area of selections disposed of during the year, inasmuch as there were selections canceled during that time aggregating in area 10,580.09 acres. Lists embracing several thousand acres have also been pre- pared and are now ready to be submitted to the honorable Secretary of the Interior for his approval. Could these selections be added to the area of approvals during the present fiscal year the amount would be far in excess of the approvals during the previous year. Aside from this, however, the actual work performed during the year was fully equal, if not in excess, of that of the i)revious year, inasmuch as the correspondence in connection with the grants for school and other pur- j)oses is constantly increasing, and the large number of lists of selec- tions received in excess of those of the previous year required additional time for their examination. INDIAN AND MISCELLANEOUS PATENTS. The exhibit following shows the area of the land patented and the States and Territories where located, during the year, on private land claims, donations, and Indian allotments or selections in severalty, and scrix) locations finally approved : states and Territories. California Florida Illinois Indian Territory Kansas Louisiana Minnesota Missouri Kew Mexico Acres. 14, 16, 30, 12, 72, 241. 69 CIO. 00 438. 77 027. 93 527.84 543. 02 160. 00 753. 04 230. 31 states and Territories. Nebraska North Dakota Oklahoma Territory Oregon South Dakota Washington Total Acres. 4, 242. 76 101,610.93 11, 565. 59 2, 902. 49 172, 994. 01 888. 90 455, 737. 28 Or a decrease in area, as compared with the previous fiscal j^ear, of 590,729.18 acres, the area patented during that year having been 1,040,400.40 acres. Eecajyitalation of paten's issued as stated in ilie foregobuj. Patents. Agricultural Mineral Swamp Eailroad Indian anfi miscellaneous Selections Total 1892. uteres. 15,420,800.00 10, 976. 7-1 170, 097. 98 2, OlS, 553. 04 1 040,400.46 598, 660. 33 19,271,555.15 1893. Acres. 6, 989, 440. 00 14, 009. 81 30S, 779. 52 1,720,179.95 455, 737. 28 552, 242. 29 10, 046, 388. 85 Increase. Acres. 3, 033. 07 132, 681. 54 135, 714. 61 Decrease. Acres. 8, 431, 300. 00 292, 373. 69 590, 729. 18 46, 418. 04 9, 360, 880. 91 Total net decrease, 9,225,160.30. PUBLIC SURVEYS. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, surveys have been accepted after an examination in the field, careful comparison of the surveying 654 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE returns witli the reports of tbe examiners, aud a critical examiuation of the plats aud field notes in this office, as follows : states and Territories. Arizona California .. Colorado Idaho Minnesota.. IMontaua ... Iv'evada Kew Mexico Acres. States and Territories. Acres. 399, 719 5Cor(h Dakota 3 48'' 548 150, 170 Oregon 707, 848 636, 464 South Dakota 1, 005, 72!) 182, 193 Utah 179, 696 507 457 1, 312, 0S4 "W^ashingtou. 2, 292, 870 Wvomin2 895, 903 685 051 Total 686, 455 13, 784, 187 The appropriation, by act approved August 5, 1892, for the survey and resurvey of the j)ublic lands for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, was $375,000, of which $75,000 was authorized to be applied to the examination of surveys in the field, etc. The sum of 85,000 out of said appropriation was authorized to be used for the survey of the coal lands in the White Mountain or San Carlos Indian Eeservation in Ari- zona. TT- -TT ^ ^ ^ "K- T?? After deducting 875,000 for examination of surveys in the field the amount of the appropriation for j^ublic surveys ofitside of railroad land grant limits, actually available therefor, and applicable to all survey- ing districts was 8300,000, which amount, together with the appropria- tion of 8125,000, for the survey of land grants to railroads, was appor- tioned as follows : District. Public lands. Railroad land grants. Aggregate. 1893. 1892. *$10, 000 10, 000 15, 000 20, 000 25, 000 30, 000 10, 000 35, 000 5,000 15, 000 20, 000 5,000 45, 000 :!5, 000 75, 000 20, 000 $16, 000 10, 000 $26, 000 20, 000 15, 000 25, 000 25, 000 40, COO 10, 000 50, 000 10, 000 20, 000 35, 000 10, 000 64, 000 35, 000 75, 000 40, 000 $5,000 10,000 California Colorado , 12 000 Kortli Dakota 5,000 25, 000 South Dakota 25. 000 Idaho 10, 000 35 000 Minnesota 10 000 Montana - , 15, 000 5,000 5,000 15, 000 5.000 19, 000 50, 000 ^evnda . . . New Mexico 6,000 20, 000 Oregon Utah 5,000 64, 000 Washinftou Wvominsr 30, 000 Examinations 40, oOO 20, 000 Keserve 20, 000 Total 375, OCO 125, 000 *0f this $10,000 apportioned to Arizona for the survey of public lands, $5,000 may, by the terms of the law, be exiicnded for the sxu'vey of the coal lands in the Y>^hite Mountain or San Carlos Eeserva- tion. ***** e- * VACANT PUBLIC LANDS. Eeports have been received from the various district land, ofQces, giving an approximate estimate of the quantity of vacant public lands existing: in the several land districts at the close of the fiscal year end- REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. G55 ing June 30, 1893, of wliicli tlie folio wiug is presented as a recapitula- tion: state or Tc^rito^J^ Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Florida Idaho Iowa Kansas Louisiana Michigan Minnesota Mississippi ... Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada NeTF Mexico . . North Dakota . Oklahoma Oregon South Dakota . Utah AVashin^ton... AVisconsin "Wyoming Surveyed land. Grand total 290,302,443 Acres. 966, 12, 066, 4. 757, 32, 5S8, 36, 108, 2, 303, 6, 345, 713, 1,017, C81, 2, 799, 835, 963, 13, 530, 10,254, 30, 202, 39,445, 8, 697, 5, 509, 2i, 155, 9, 287, 7, 075. 5,414, 627, 39,957, 260 212 004 525 536 478 003 13 500 099 015 022 300 059 110 713 044 999 196 702 387 275 2S0 246 774 955 Unsorveyed land. Acrei. '37,'482,'333' 15, 158, 824 5, 243, 208 799, 230 31, 312, 757 101, 389 '3,'ia7,'696 61, 105, 815 115, 500 23, 314, 379 15,101,755 9, 729, 310 406, 400 13, 002, 169 3, 737, 220 28, 027, 699 13, 400, 765 13, 445, 209 274, 651, 152 Total area. Acres. 966, 260 49, 54S, 545 4, 757, 604 47, 747, 349 41, 351, 744 3, 102, 708 37, 657, 820 13 713, 5C0 1, 118, 488 681,015 5, 906, 712 835, 300 963, 059 74, 635. 925 10, 369, 713 53, 516. 423 54, 547. 754 18, 426, 500 5. 970, 102 37,217.556 13, 024, 495 35, 102, 995 18, 815, Oil 027, 774 53, 403, 104 571, 013, 505 This aggregate is exclusive of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, in wliicli, if any public land remains, it consists of a few small, isolated tracts. It is exclusive of Alaska, containing 577,390 square miles, or 369,520,600 acres. It is also exclusive of military and Indian reservations and lauds subject to sale for the beuelit of certain Indian tribes, and exclu- sive of reservoir-site and timber reservations and tracts covered by selections, filings, railroad grants, and claims as yet unadjudicated, a l)art of which may in the future bo added to the i^ublic domain. PRIVATE LAND CLAIMS. ******* During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, the principal work per- formed in the finid adjudication of cases pending in this division was as follows: Califoruia private-land claims patented 1 New Mexico privatc-laud claims patented 2 Missouri, Florida, and Louisiana private-land claims patented 31 Claims of missionary associations patented 10 Patents to villag-cs of mission Indians (Cal) 2 Oregon and "Washington donation jiatents 1-1 Indian claims patented 2, 932 Entries witli certificates of location finally approved 182 Claims in Lonisiana satisfied Avitli scrip, act of June 2, 185S 38 The scrip issued in satisfaction of the above thirty- eight Louisiana confirmed, but unlocated claims, amounted to 27,318.17 acres. The total number of letters received in this division during the fiscal year was 1,667, and the number written Avas 1,035. Of cases examined some have been passed for patenting, while others have been suspended and are now subjects of correspondence. 656 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Of the cases decided some are now ou appeal or awaiting tlie expira- tion of the time within which appeal may be taken or motion for review made. The following statement will show the condition of the work in this division, generally, at the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893 : California cases docketed aud not finally adjudicated 12 Confirmed New Mexico and Arizona private-land claims not finally adjudicated. 27 Oregon, Washington, Ncav Mexico, and Arizona donations rejiorted and not finally adj udicated 92 Scrip cases, act of June 2, 1858, reported and awaiting action 7ff Imperfect claims reported under act of June 22, 1860, and supi)lemental leg- islation, to be reiiorted to Congress by this office 2 Florida, Louisiana, Illinois, Michigan, etc., cases awaiting action 2,994 Claims within limits of Las Animas grant in Colorado rejected by the regis- ter aud receiver under act of February 25, 1869; ou file, exclusive of one disposed of in 1874 and one withdrawn 24 Scrip locations pending 836 Indian allotments not patented 1, 711 Docketed Indian allotment contests 184 New Mexico private-land claims in Avhich final decrees on title have been ren- dered b.y the Court of Private Land Claims, and which are pending here for proper surveys and patents 12 There is also qnite a large amount of correspondence and cases, clas sified and unclassified, referred from the Department for report, and from other divisions of this Bureau, awaiting appropriate action. KAILEO^VD LAND GRANTS. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, lands haye been certi- fied and x)atented on account of railroad grants as follows: Eailroads. Numljer of acres. Where located. Union Pacific Kwy. Co Do Atlantic and Pacific E. K. Co Central Pacific P.. K. Co Central Pacific E. E. Co., Oregon Division New Orleans Pacific Etvv Co Gulf and Ship Island E.E. Co Florida Central and Peninsula K. E. Co . - Oregon and California E. E. Co Southern Pacific E. E. Co iN'orthem Pacific E. E. Co Do Do Do Denver Pacific Dubuque and Sioux City Hastings and Dakota Chicago, Milwaukee aud St. Paul Total 48, 794. 87 314. 43 312, 386. 73 75, 382. 16 187, 275. 55 70, 807. 36 39,810.52 255, 560. 32 292, 480. 90 71, 553. 11 2, 055. 84 210,397.78 148, 4C9. 54 422. 75 110.71 200. 00 9, 905. 38 240. 00 Kansas. Nebraska. New ile.^ico. Utah. California. , Louisiana. Mississippi. Florida. Oregon. California. Minnesota. North Dakota. Washington. Oregon. Colorado. Iowa. Minnesota. Iowa. 1, 726, 179. 95 It should be stated in this connection that 302,181.10 acres, which were allotted to the Mobile and Girard Eailroad Comijany, under the adjustment of its grant approved April 21, 1893. having been previ- ously certified, are not included in this total. As shown by the above statement, there have been patented and cer- tified under the several grants to aid in the construction of railroads during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, 1,276,179.95 acres. Dur- ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1892, lands were certified and pat- ented on account of railroad grants to the aggregate quantity of 2,018,- 553.G1 acres, showing a decrease during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, as compared with the previous fiscal year, of 292,373.09 acres. REPOET OF THE SECEETAEY OF THE INTERIOE. 657 There remained pending at the end of the fiscal year ending- June 30, 1893, railroad selections to the amount of 29,687,475.06 acres, as against 28,846,961.00 acres pending at the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1892, showing an increase in cases pending of 840,513.46 acres. ADJUSTMENTS. The adjustments of the grants to the following railroad companies have been submitted to the Department for its consideration, viz: St. Louis, Irou Mountain ami Southern, submitted August 8, 1888. Cedar Eapids and Missouri Kiver, submitted November, 13, 1888. Dubuque and Pacific, submitted September 23, 1888. Little Eock and Fort Smith, submitted NoA'ember 12, 1888. Atchison, Topelia and Santa Fe, submitted December 20, 1888. Main line St. Paul and Pacific, and St. Vincent Extension, known as St. Paul, Min- neapolis and Manitoba, submitted January 25, 1890. Alabama and Florida, submitted February 26, 1890. Florida and Alabama, submitted February 26, 1890. St. Paul and Duluth, submitted February 26, 1890. Southern Minnesota Extension, submitted February 26, 1890. Chicago and Northwestern (Wis.), submitted February ^6, 1890. Wills Valley Eailroad and Northeast and Southwest, known as Alabama and Chat- tanooga, submitted February 27, 1890. Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul (Iowa), submitted May 19, 1890. Hastings and Dakota, submitted June 22, 1890. Gulf and Ship Island, submitted February 11, 1892. The following railroad and other land grants have been adjusted and approved by the Dex)artment: Sioux City and St. Paul, approved June 22, 1887. Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha, approved February 12, 1887. 'Hannibal and St. Joseph, approved May 29, 1887. Grand Eapids and Indiana, approved July 20, 1887. Missouri, Kansas and Texas, ai)proved August 2, 1887. Coos Bay Military Wagon Road, approved February 1, 1892. Bay de Noquet aid Marquette, appi-oved October 3, 1892. Mobile and Girard, approved April 24, 1893. Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific, approved May 18, 1892, The adjustment of the grant to the State of Oregon for the Coos Bay Wagon Koad Company was submitted to the Department January 13, 1888, and returned to this office February 1, 1892, with instructions that a demand be made upon the company for the reconveyance to the United States of certain lands shown by the adjustment to have been erroneously patented under its grant, aggregating 10,359.20 acres. The demand was duly made on March 25, 1892, and no response having been received the case was reported to the Department on July 16, 1892. The adjustment of the grant for the Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific Eailroad Company, submitted February 26, 1890, was returned by the Department May 18, 1892, with instructions that the company be called upon to reconvey to the United States certain lands which appeared from tlie adjustment to have been erroneously certified to the State, amounting to 1,400 acres. Accordingly, a demand for the reconveyance was made on May 25, 1892. A response was made wherein the com- pany declined to reconvev the lands, and the case was reported to the Department October 12, 1892. Upon a rei^xamination of the grant to aid in the construction of the Bay de ISToquet and JNIarquette Eailroad, it was discovered that there had been certified to the State thereunder 12,695.95 acres in excess of the quantity to which the company was entitled, and the facts were Ab. 93 42 658 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE reported to tlie Department in letter of September 1, 1892, accompanied by a descriptive list of the lands. These lands had not been conveyed by the State to the company, and the governor, acting under authority of a joint resolution of the State legislature apx)roved June 15,1889, released them, with other lands, to the United States, September 26, 1889. In view of these facts this office recommended the acceptance of the release, as to the excess certification, and the restoration of the lands to entry. On October 3, 1892, the Department approved the recommendation, and on October 5 following instructions were given for the restoration of the lands. The adjustment, under the eighth section of the act of September 29, 1890, of the grant to the Mobile and Girard Eailroad Company, was submitted to the Department on April 21 and was approved on April 24, 1893. Under this adjustment 302,181.16 acres of land were allotted to the company for the benefit of its grantees and in full satisfaction of the grant for said company under the act of June 3,1856, and the eighth, section of the act of 1890 aforesaid. As there had been previously certified under this grant 504,167.11 acres of land, there remained, after satisfying the grant, 201,985.95 acres for restoration to entry, and the local officers at Montgomery, Ala., were directed to restore these lands, on a day to be fixed by them, ninety days after the publication of a notice in a newspaper of general circulation in their vicinity to all claimants of the intended restoration. The notice was duly given, and from a report of the local office the lands were to be oi^ened to entry on July 19, 1893, excepting tracts embraced in the case of certain homestead claimants who were autjiorized to make entry during the i)eriod of i)ublication. DEPARTMENTAL ACTION. In making the restorations under the forfeiture act of Sejitember 29, 1890, all the unpatented lands lying opi^osite the unconstructed and forfeited portion of the Northern Pacific Eailroad in Oregon, excex)t- ing a moiety lying within the constructed Cascade Branch of said com- pany's road, were, with the approval of the Department, ordered restored to entry, and the restoration included certain lands lying within the subsequent grants by acts of July 25, 1866, and February 25, 1867, to the Oregon and California Railroad Comi^any-and The Dalles Military Eoad Company, respectively. A protest was filed by the Oregon and California Railroad Company against the allowance of entries for the lauds within the limits of its grant, and the suspension from disposal of all lands within its granted limits and of the patented and selected lands within its indemnity limits was made with the approval of the Department, pending the determination of a suit by the United States to recover the title to certain lands within the overlapping limits of the two grants which had been erroneously patented to the company. There was no suspen-sion from entry of the forfeited lands within the limits of The Dalles military road grant, but the local officers at The Dalles, Oregon, the district wherein the lands are situated, having rejected certain applications for said lands, the attorneys for the appli- cants, in a letter addressed to the Department, asked that they be instructed to allow the entries. RErORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Go9 The letter was referred to this office for report; the report was made, and after consideration thereof the Department on May 13, 1893, directed that entries of the lands be allowed. Suitable instructions were given Uiq local officers on May 23, 1893, for the disposal of the lands, and on June 7, 1893, the president of the company was called upon to show cause why the proper steps should not be taken for the recovery of certain of the land within the limits aforesaid which liad been erroneously patented to The Dalles company. An application for the revocation of the order lor the disposal of the lands has been filed by the company, was submitted to the Department July 10, 1893, and is still pending. A reply to the rule to show cause, served upon the president of the company, has been filed, and will be submitted in due course of busi- ness. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS. During- the past year several decisions have been rendered by the United States Supreme Court aflecting the rights of land-grant rail- roads, a brief mention of which herein is deemed j^roper. In the case of the United States m. the Southern Pacific Eailroad Company (14G U. S., 520), it was decided that certain land lying within the State of California and within the common j)rimary limits of the grant to the Southern Pacific Railroad Cojnpany and that portion of the Atlantic and Pacific Company's grant which was declared forfeited by the act of July 6, 1880, did not pass uuder the grant to the former, but reverted to the United States. And in the case of the United States vs. Cotton, Marble & Co., and the United States vs. Southern Pacific Railroad Company (146 it. S., 615), the court held that lands lying within the indemnity limits of the Atlantic and Pacific grant and the primary limits of the grant to the Southern Pacific Company, were also excepted from the latter grant, and were restored to the public domain. The result of these decisions will be the restoration to entry of a large quantity of land, but as a comi^aratively small quantity was involved in these cases, and ques- tions affecting their status as well as that of other lands within the limits specified, but not involved in the litigation, are pending, their restoration will necessarily be deferred until said questions shall be determined. The case of the United States v. Union Pacific Railway Company (148 U. S., 562), originated in a bill in equity filed by the Government against the company and others holding title under it, to secure the cancellation of certain patents issued to the Kansas Pacific Railroad Company and Denver Pacific Railway and Telegraph Company, upon the ground that the grant by the act of July 1, 1862 (12 Stat., 489), as amended, to the Union Pacific Railway Company, eastern division, to aid in the construction of a raih-oad from Kansas Citv, Mo., to Denver Colo., and that by the act of March 3, 1869 (15 Stat., 324), to aid in the construction of the road from Denver to a connection with the Union Pacific Railroad at Cheyenne, to the Denver Pacific Railroad Company, were two distinct and separate grants, and should be adjusted sepa- rately. And that upon such adjustments the terminals drawn for the grants at Denver left a triangle southwest of said city beyond and out- side the limits of both grants. The lands in question are situated within said triangle. The decision of the court was adverse to the United States, it hold- G60 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE ing that tlie graut of July 1, 1862, as amended, to construct a road to Denver and from tlience northerly to connect with the Union Pacific at Cheyenne, was not affected by the act of March 3, 18G0, in such a way as to make it toternnnate at Denver, and cause the grant to end there. The decision in effect was that the grant was continuous and included the triaugle aforesaid. Few if any entries of the lands involved have been allowed, and the decision will result in no hardship to settlers. In United States vs. California and Oregon Land Company (148 U. S., 31), successor to the Oregon Central Military Eoad Company, the suit was brought piirsuant to the act of Congress approved March 2, 1889 (2o Stat., 850), with a view to declare a forfeiture of the grant to aid in the construction of the wagon road. The decision was against the United States. A siinilar suit against the Dalles Military Eoad Company was also decided against the United States (118 U. S., 49), and in the suit against the Willamette Valley and Cascade Mountain Wagon Eoad Company, involving similar questions, the Attorney-General, on March 8, 1893, directed the United States attorney at Portland, Oregon, to dismiss the appeal by the Government to the circuit court of appeals. Certain lands, selected and listed by the companies for x)atent, have been suspended, awaiting the result of these suits, but may now be examined and passed upon, the cause of suspension having been removed, and they will be taken up for examiimtion as early as jiractic- able. The grant to the Willamette Valley road has alreiidy been examined and data collected for its adjustment. CONTEST CASES. The contest division (H) has charge of a class of contest cases arising in the course of administration of the laws for the disposal of the public lands. There are certain other contests, however, which are disposed of in the i^reemj)tion division (G), private-claims division (D), the min- eral division (N), the railroad division (F), the special-service division (P), and the swamp-land division (K). The condition of the work as regards the cases disposed of in the contest division (H) during the fiscal year and the cases still pending therein are indicated in the following statement, viz : Appealed (dockef) cases: Ou band July 1, 1892 (iucludinj? 181 undecided and 1,721 cases decided but not liually closed) 1, 90.5 Eeceived during the year 1, 015 2, 920 Closed during the year 593 Transmitted to lionorable Secretary 1, 101 Referred to other divisions 20 1, 714 Balance appeal cases on hand 1, 206 Decided, l)ut not finally closed 1, 015 Balance undecided a^ipeal cases on hand 191 EEPORT OF THE SECRETAEY OF THE INTERIOR. 661 Unappealed cases: Ou band July 1, 1892 (including 106 undecided and 398 cases decided but not finally closed) 504 Received during tbe year 4, 576 Examined and closed ^, 116 Referred to otber divisions . . , - 31 4, 147 Balance nnappealed cases on band 933 Decided, but not finally closed 383 Balance undecided unappealed cases on baud 550 Total undecided contests on band 741 Entries canceled during tbe year 3, 942 Entries involved in pending contests 2, 139 Acres involved in pending contests 342, 240 MINERAL LANDS. Mineral, mill-site, and coal entries examined during tbe year 1, 388 Mineral and mill-site applications (final proof not made) examined during tbe year, estimated 45 Mineral and mill site patents i-ssued during tbe year 1, 623 Coal patents issued during tbe year 104 Contests considered during tbe year 127 Quasi contests and agricultural cases considered during tbe year 316 The work in the division (N) is about up to date. The contest cases, which are reported as being- three months in arrears, are, in fact, taken up for examination as soon as is practicable, owing to the time required by resident attorneys for examination and the iiliug of briefs after the record is received. While the number of entries patented is less than for the previous year, yet considerable time has been devoted to disposing of the cases in the suspended liles, which show a material reduction since last year's report. This has been accomplished without allowing the current entries, which are taken up for examination at the proper time and in the order in which they are received, to fall in arrears. During the past year, nnder the instructions of the honorable Secre- tary of the Interior, it has recjuired a considerable i)ortion of the time of two clerks to examine the records, not only as to the character of the land in the townships containing raih'oad selections, but also as to the character of all the lauds in the vicinity of the townships contain- ing selections. This last requirement involves a greater amount of work than was formerly required, which work is not represented in the above estimate. It has also become the policy of the Department to require an exam- ination of the records, by this division, for evidence of the nonmineral character of the lands embraced in State selections made under the enabling acts. It will thus be seen that the work of this division is increasing, both in the character and amount of the work. G62 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE PEOTEOTION OF PUBLIC LANDS. The uumber of reports received from special agents and acted upon during tlie year is as follows : Agents' repoi'ts pending June 30, 1892 452 Agents' reports received during tiio year 1, 390 Total 1,812 Agents' reports acted ou during the year 1, 442 Agents' reports pending June 30, 1893 400 Seven hundred and eighty-nine cases were referred to the special agents for investigation, hearings were ordered in 96 cases, 385 cases were held for cancellation, 358 canceled, and 1,2G9 examined and passed. Final action was taken in 2,418 cases, and there are nowjiending in the division (June 30, 1803), 2,422 cases. There are 37 records of hearings nowpending action, and 412 registers' and receivers' reports, and miscellaneous letters, awaiting answer. Cases pending in Division P, June SO, 1S93. Kinds of cases. (3 a o N 03 Cj on 13 g o C3 o M a a .2 § o P a 'p. P. CO ii Iloniestcad entries 17 14 15 2 6 1 1 6 3 8 U 2 1 2 42 89 o 22 6 8 1 742 4 5 3 24 1 1 "i 1 8 8 1 21 2 11 g Pinal liomestead entries 45 133 2 .... 2 1 18 Prei'Uiption iilings 2 Tiniber-cnlture entries i 13 S Final tiniber-culturo entries Timbcr-laiid entries 10 Desert-land entries 4 3 5 Final desert-laud entries '"'io' 5 ' Private cash entries Mineral entries 14 16 9 Coal entries Coal filings ' Total 48 27 2» 931 8-t 1 27 13 12 25 189 11 Kinds of cases. 3 o m m § 1 .... 3 2 03 6 oses, they have the right to complete their claims upon showing a due comi^liance with the law. That forest reservations are needed, and a more jjositive i^rotection by the Government of the forests, is evidenced by the reports received in this office, showing the widespread destruction by the woodsman and the still greater devastation wrought by the forest fires, resulting in not only laying bare large areas of timber land (which seem never to be reforested as nature first clothed it), but also in the rapid and per- manent diminution of the water supply. Forest fires are generally the result of carelessness or viciousness on the part of lumbermen, x>rospectors, campers, or hunters; and in the mountain districts where sheep raising is an industry it appears to be the practice of the herders, upon driving their sheep out, to set fire to the timber and undergrowth for the purpose of providing new pasturage for the following season, thus destroying immense bodies of timber. 6G8 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE RECOMMENDATIONS. In closing tins report I desire to refer specially to the following rec- oinmeiulations contained therein, viz: (1) Kecoinniendatioii that a law be enacted to create the office of United States surveyor- gen era! for Alaska, with provision for the com- pensation of the surveyor-general, for the necessary clerical service, and for the rent and contingent expenses of his office. (2) Recommendation that a law be enacted for placing the business connected with the leasing of Oklahoma school lands under tlie contro- of the Territorial authorities. (3) Eecommeudation of proper legislation for the segregation of tim- ber lands from the agricultural and other lands of the public domain, and the proper disposal of the land and the timber under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior. (4) Recommendation of the providing by law of adequate means for the protection and management of forest reservations established under existing law. (5) Recommendation that a law be enacted for compulsory attend- ance of witnesses at Land-Office hearings. (6) Recommendation that existing laws be so modified that the Com- missioner of tlie General Land Office may authorize, Avhen deemed expe- dient, surveys and resurveys at a reasonable compensation by the day, instead of by the mile, and when surveys are required involving only a small expenditure that the said Commissioner may authorize the same to be made for a specified sum for the entire work. Respectfully submitted. S. W. Lahore ux. Commissioner. Hon. Hoke Smith, Secretary of the Inicrior. w TP tP ^ W W W VACANT PUBLIC LANDS IN THE UNITED STATES. The following table, based on information furnished by the officials of each district land office is so arranged as to show approximately the quantities of lands in the several counties and parishes in their districts, not (smbraced in Indian, military, forest, and other reservations remain- ing unapproiiriated by filing or entry. It has not been practicable for many reasons, such as the magnitude of the work involved, the manner of creating the boundaries of counties and the frequent changes therein, and also the fact that a large part of the unsurveyed public domain lies within the limits of grants to rail- roads, to more than obtain approximate estimates of the lands not covered by entries or filings; but the statement Avill serve the puri)ose for wliich it is made, to wit, to inform correspondents and the general public as to whether there is much, little, or any public land in tlie sev- eral public-land States and Territories and the land districts therein, and, in most instances, in particular counties or localities. It must be borne in mind that quite a considerable portion of the vacant land is embraced in the heavily timbered regions of the South- ern States, the lake region, and the Pacific coast, and the mountainous and arid regions of the far West, and that the x^ortion of land cultiva- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 669 ble witlioiit clearing or irrigation is comparatively small. It is a rea- sonable conclusion, however, that vast bodies of arid lands will in time be reclaimed by irrigation as the result of the eftbrts of the Govern- ment to construct storage basins and ditches for the purpose, seconded, as undoubtedly they will be, by private enterprise, and that as a conse- quence the rain areas of the West will be considerably enlarged. In naming the laud districts in the following statement the names of the j)resent offices are adopted as the names of the districts, for the reason that districts are thus named and known by settlers, and because it would be inconvenient to give the statutory names of the diiferent districts created by Congress in addition to the names of the offices. ******* Slatcmcnt iy Slates, Territories, and lavd districts, and also hy counties where practicahle, of lands not granted nor reserved that ivcre suhject to settlement on entry on July, 1, 1893. EECAPITULATIOiN' OF VACANT LAiSDS BY" LAND OFFICES ATSTi STATES. State or Territory. Land district. Surveyed land. Unsurv-eyed laud. Total area. Hniit.sville Acres. 343, 340 622, 920 Acres. Acres. 343, 340 MoiiL^oiuerv 622 920 Prescott 906, 260 906 200 7, 175, 000 4,891,212 19, 406, 000 18, 070, 333 20,581,000 T ticsoii 22 967 545 Camth^n -. 12, 060, 212 37, 482, 333 49, 548, 545 Arkansas 1, 050, 819 1,277,054 1, 654, 560 769, 171 1, 056, 819 1 277 054 Dardaiioll6 .. Harrison 1 654 560 Little IJock 769 171 " Hnniftoldt 4, 757, 604 4, 757, 604 2, 407, 714 6, 720, 000 6,317,410 857, 219 2, 700, 064 2, 437, 680 4, 266, 814 1, 003, 388 5, 301, 132 577, 104 1, 044, 542 5, 850, COO 5,601,706 138. 205 402, 308 232. 577 645, 958 748, 741 231, 207 203, 520 3 452 256 • Independence Lo.s A n<'"f'les 12, 570, 000 11 910 116 lilarysviUe 995 484 Redding Saeraiueiito 3, 162; 372 2 670 ''57 San Francisco Stockton 4,912,772 1 752 129 Susan ville 5, 532, 339 780 624 Visalia Akron 32, 588, 525 15, 158. 824 47, 747, 349 Colorado 1,»8, 100 1,610.419 2, 233, 657 3. 578, 672 2, 709. 500 7, 708, 960 1, 092, 600 1,149.952 2, 279, 080 1,074.920 2, 798, 491 0, 104. 987 1, 169, 132 1 338 160 Central City 410,237 593, 000 2 0''0 656 Del Norte 2 826 717 Denver 3 578 672 Diiransio 304, 000 1, 982, 825 671, 600 3 013 .500 Glen wood Spring.s Gunnison... 9,751,791 2 364 ''00 Hugo 1 149 952 Lamar 2 279 080 Lead ville . 23,040 1, 256. 466 1,980 1, 697 900 Montrose 4, 054, 957 6 106 967 Pueblo Sterling 1. 169, 132 Gaine.svillo 36, 108, 530 5, 243, 208 41, 351, 744 Florida 2, 303, 478 799, 230 ^ Hi'' 708 Blackfoot Idaho 1,604,254 1, 840, 380 97, 592 2, 549, 786 247, 051 3, 755, 091 9, 768, 099 4. 370, 000 1, 227, 206 12, 192, 361 Boise 11.614,479 C(Vi!r d'Alene Hailev 4, 467. 592 3,776.992 Lcwistou 12, 439, 412 0, 345, 063 31, 312, 757 37, 657, 820 Iowa 13 13 670 PAPERS ACCOMPAISTYING THE Statement hi/ States, Territories, and land districts, etc^ — Continued, EECAPlTULATIOiT OF VACANT LANDS BY LAND OFFICES AND STATES— Continued. State or Territory. Land district. Surveyed land:. Unsnrveyed land. Total area. Kansas Garden City Acres. 432, 872 Acres. Acres. 432, 872 Kirwin* Liinied 40, 568 60, 760 4, 424 206 174, 730 40 568 Oberliu 60 760 Salina 4 424 Topeka ''06 Wakeeney 174 730 Natchitoches 713, 560 713 560 Louisiana 380, 590 636, 509 101, 389 481 979 • New Orleans 636, 509 Grayling . 1, 017, 099 101, 389 1, 118, 488 Mioliigan 197, 942 483. 073 197 942 Marquette 483. 073 Crookston 681,015 681 015 Miinips^nt;i . , . , 682, 985 1, 540, 090 1,557 480, 136 94,254 460, 230 2, 543, 780 1 143 215 Duluth 4, 083, 870 1 557 Marsliall St. Cloud 103, 080 583, 816 94 254 Taylors Falls Jackson 2, 799, 022 3,107,690 5,906,712 Miflsis.sipj^i 835, 300 835 300 Boon ville Missouri 217. 928 145, 131 600, 000 217, 928 145,131 Ironton Springfield 600, 000 Bozenian 963, 059 963, 059 TVrntitni'.n 1, 088, 699 5, 572, 521 4,011,046 2, 333, 380 524, 464 2, 842, 590 20, 432, 386 2, 313, 079 22, 638, 400 12, 879, 360 3, 931, 2S9 26, 004, 907 6, 324, 125 24, 971, 780 13, 403, 824 Helena , Lewistown Miles City Missoula Alliance 13,530,110 61, 105, 815 74, 635, 925 Nebraska 1, 919, 504 1, 919, 504 Bloominjton* Broken Bow 2, 464, 000 944, 680 20, 097 2,464,000 944, 680 20, 097 Cliadrt:>n Grand Island Nebraska Lincoln* McCook 219,040 630, 200 874, 050 120, 000 838, 082 2, 225, COO 219. 040 Nclish 630. 260 * North Platte 874, 050 O'Neill 115, 000 235, 000 Sidney ...,. . 838, 082 "Valentino 2, 225, 000 Car.son City 10,251,713 115, 000 10, 369, 713 Nevada 10,127,523 20, 074, 521 11, 882, 128 11, 432, 251 22, 009, 651 Eureka 31, 506, 772 Clayton 30, 202, 044 23, 314, 370 53,516,423 New Mexico 6, 805, 106 13> 763, 925 8, 088, 267 10,788,701 490, 240 5, 138, 720 5, 794, 820 3, 678, 475 7, 295, 346 Das Cruces 18. 002, G45 Itoswell 13, 882, 587 Santa Fe 14, 467, 170 Bismarck". 39, 445, 999 15, 101, 755 54,547,754 2^brth Dakota 3, 687, 880 2, 955, 100 274, 400 3, 367, 410 573, 000 7 055 290 Devils Lake 3, 528, 100 Fargo 274, 400 ■ No vacant land. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. G71 Statement hj Stales, Terrttwies, and land districts, efc— Contiimed. EECAriTULATION OF VACANT LANDS BY LAND OFFICES AND STATES— Contiuned. State or Territory. Land district. Surveyed laud. Un surveyed land. Total area. (iraml Forts ....... Acres. 407, 399 1,372,417 Acres. Acres.' 407, 399 !i\Iiiiot ........... 5, 788, 900 7, 161, 317 Eeaver 8, 697, 196 9, 729, 310 18, 426, 506 3, 006, 807 285 1. 450, 248 1, 112, 362 406, 400 3,413,207 285 Tvirifrficlior 1, 450. 248 1, 112, 362 Etirns 5, 569, 702 406, 400 5, 976, 102 5, 830, 743 4. 733, 985 7, 398, 312 439, 430 1, 643, 302 4, 109, 615 1, 965, 931 1, 409, 232 2, 471. 249 1, .'•.54, 520 5, 290, 037 371,200 7, 796, 674 La GraBde 6. 143, 217 9, 869, 561 1, 993, 950 6, 933, 339 Tlie Dalies 4, 480, 815 24, 155, 387 13, 002, 169 37, 217, 556 «!nnf1i "n-ikntn 423, 240 1, 475, 120 274, 060 423. 240 Cliamberlaiu 217, 600 1, 692, 720 274, 060 Mitchell* Pierre Eapid City "VVatertown Tauktou Salt Lake City North Yakima Olvmiiia --- 1, 779, 200 5,161,:!.^0 1G4, 930 9, 375 ""3,'5i9,"620' 1, 779, 200 8, 680. 970 164, 930 .............. 9,375 9, 287, 275 3, 737, 220 13, 024, 495 tJtali 7, 075, 290 28, 027, 699 35, 102, 99 \Vasliin"^toii --.... 1, 726, 990 15, 280 220. 612 G33, 680 532, 652 1, 307. 000 978, 032 728, 960 683, 823 5, 198, 772 1, 654, 800 844, 677 321. 000 3, 908, 733 2, 455, 950 699, 103 Seattle 5, 419, 384 Spokane Falls 2, 288, 4S0 1, 377, 329 "Walla Walla 1,628,000 "NVaterville 4, 946, 765 5, 414, 246 13, 400, 765 18, 815, Oil 131,000 221,810 50, 504 174, 4L0 181. 000 EniT T'laire 221,810 jVlfiiaslia ....... 50, 564 AVausa 174, 400 Buffalo 627, 774 i 627, 774 "W vomiu "■ 6,818,000 8, 307, 446 6,661,657 9, 169. 520 3,801,405 5, 199, 927 611, 000 552, 960 515, 669 5, 432, 880 C, 332, 700 7, 429, 000 Clu' ycime 8, 860, 400 7, 177, 326 Evaustoii' 14, 602, 400 Lander 10,134,105 5, 199, 927 39, 957, 955 13, 445, 209 53, 403, 164 * No vacant land. 672 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Statement hy States, Territories, and land districts, etc. — Continued. EECAPITULATION OF YACAKT LAXDS IN THE PUBLTCLAXD STATES AIS'D TERRI- TORIES. State or Territorv. Alabama Arizona Arkansas Calil'oniia Colorado I'lorida Idaho Iowa Kansas Louisiana Micliigaii Minnesota Mississiitpi ilissoiiri Montana Kebraska Nevada Ne\v jMexico Korth Dakota.... Oklalionia Orofton South Dakota Utah AV'ashinjitou Wisconsin "Wyoming Grand total Surveyed laud. Acres. 9GG, 12, 066, 4, 757, 32, 588, 36,108, 2, SO'!, 6,345 713, 1, 017, 681, 2, 799, 8:;5, 903, 13,530, 10, 254, 30, 202, 39, 445, 8, 097, 5, 5G9, 24, 155, 9, 287, 7, 075. 5, 414, 627, 39, 957, 260 212 G04 525 536 478 0G3 13 560 009 015 022 300 059 110 713 044 999 196 702 3^7 275 296 246 774 955 Unsirrveyed land. 20G, 3C2, 443 Acret. "37,'482,333 15, 158, 824 5, 243, 208 799, 230 32, 312, 757 101, 389 i'ioi.'ego' 61, 1U5, 815 115,000 23, 314, 379 15, 101, 755 9, 729, 310 406, 400 13, 062, 169 3, 737, 220 28, 027, 699 13, 400, 705 13, 445, 209 Total area. 274, 651, 152 Acres. 906, 260 49, .548, 545 4, 757, 604 47, 747, 349 41.351,744 3, 102, 70S 37, 657, 820 13 713, 5G0 1,118,488 681,015 5, 900, 712 835, 300 963, 059 74, 035, 025 10,369,713 53, 516, 423 54, 547, 754 18, 426, 506 5,976,102 37, 217, 556 13, 024, 495 35, 102, 995 18,815,011 627, 774 53,403,164 571,013,595 *!N'o vacant laud. Tliis ag:grei>ate is exclusive of Oliio, Indiana, and Illinois, in wliicli, if any public land remains, it consists of a few small, isolated tracts. It is exclusive of Alaska, containing 577,*;90 square miles or 300,529,000 acres. It is also exclusive of military and ludiau reservations and lands subject to sale for the benefit of certain Indian tribes, and exclusive of reservoir site and timber reservations and tracts covered by selections, filings, railroad grants, and claims as yet unadjudicatcdj a part of wliicli may in the future be added, to the public domain. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 673 » » ••* 'rt s « « i&j g on oo •fr^ f-i o %l ^ >* ^*» 2 '^ h !=> « •** !£ -i; « -« a » » %, S «r> ,« OD !M e-^ ••* rff « u 53 'fc^''-' o IB w «-> !- « 'S^ » ►« s •♦« o «ri S « s> s o »^ rC- o « lA, or « «; p^ c ** •^ o So s» lA -r^ E^ tj '-^ eo « o a 00 ^ ^ .J -s c 2 o <* ><; -« Sf ^^ >« '^'B S §^ ^^ ^ •~ « O s u fo on •<«a ;> «^ « o ■to .* h e b^ = 00 i " ® " (S = ? ==n d; -r- ^ :; 00 S o S3 to o be a fcl) -*^ ® M-^ Ph o < o > '•3 G Ab. 93- mOwL~cJXOO-tr(rcciCir-! H 01 O Ed Ed H s s f-1 ^3 S q 2 o ei^Slc^lL Ci ^ rt -* X CO X c; r; -f = CO T-i i-^ -^ m ^^ o i-i iH ■-( CO Ci n ^ — ^ O ift CI c: c; Ci 7^1 ^ :o t- t' t^ X X 00 . . O .■ ri . Q td H Q ■< 00 td H <1 E- 10 -43 >^. ® >~ C5 c5 ■" -— ■ -w v- O g 00 . p O c © -S S « a © © © Mf>eHS ccio>»0!r20i— ii-tco-^ ci" 00 c4 cT CO re cT oc rf ^ t- ^- C; DO OC3St-C0O'*O'*-* i-it-rO'^into^ r-it> CO c-i^cocococoroomo c^t c^i CD r> 00 a; •-< o (r- u-^ o>— (T-H— ' — t— tiMroco-^ QCGOCOOCOOOOOCCOCCQO o 00 r-H lO CO -^ iM ».": — ' ro CO t— ,-1 i-H 1-1 CI a: o H 5 « Id H in Ed H -< t^ CO Q S5 1-1 m A. wx~-t^ctcoc;-j< rt u-^ -t T-i t- -rf c; O i.O CO O iC CO t^ 'fl' CO o CI C-) I-H I^ CO C-1 Ct n ?5 lio CD X c; c^ c^i <3; i-O c^ 0:=3-, Or-. — ,^CM xxt-xxxxxoo - l~ CO CO -rj- C-l — O r^ CO . (£} . • '- = ^ r- '^ r^ 3 "S Fm^^ >-: ^ '-3 i«s h >-. t. .2 2 '5- » a .c -g -^ ^ C -2 "^ S £ :d = ". o , I— ( Ol-lM^M 5S « X P <1 O K — fr^ ^ ^ CO a a S, I c3 a; 4> ra 02 Pi O P . cc^ fcO o 8h 5 OS CO CO 7-1 ■■-D Cl' iO .— I C. O O; lO .-• C 00 QOOOr-iOOL— OL-a)tHL-rCr-ll:^«)C¥3 1-4" ts" od" i-T rc" t--^ Iff cc" (tF o of cf (Ti x" H*" C? 1.-^ o o t- in o o i~ o Ci CO C-3 00 cot-^cT— "of lO o lo C7 r- i-T CO 00 O lO CO C: -n- CO 05 lO tT uf rf o" ooco iM -rH i-H O(MO00!0OX^OO CO cf to c^"i "^o '^ ^iri CO i-H CO C: -M O CC (Tl CD CD t- CC O O CO J^ O: O o CO t^ CO CD O (tXcTo cTo" C4CD O O'J ^ O t^ (M tJ^ O >0 — ^ I > to -f ■ > CO CD C • t-."-*C5'^tOO oo oo o o CD CD COs.":: CD Tf cc" -+' tD" cT cT oc" CD O O Ol '^ CO »0 O O lO 00 ift't'-i'-'^"— 'Oooro'-t'CDoo'^ -f«ciocot-05cr. t-oooc;t-aj:co O Oi 'X UO C-l CC O I— I i.O 00 ~. L- T— 1 i-H ri i-( CO CD O CD O t^ .-1 o t^ c) -rr c; rs CO t-T -T co" t-T cT (M CO 1— ' L— ■-* r-< i-i lO GMCOC-lir^COCDOf-H-^CMCDCDCDCDlrt ■^COOOOOOCMCOOSt-fMf-t-tr-f-'-H t>Cr:. ic i.o CD "io CD r- c: CO OOOOOCCOOOCOCOCOXOOQO ^-^" g^-^'^ '^ -^ 5^.¥^.?,^sg^;=^^ 1^ ^ t: ^ ;=H V-5 '' l-Cl «'^ f=H CO CO 00 00 r-l 1-H NO rt (M 3 a a o o iro CO t- C5 r^ c^i CO [M »o o co O C^l t^ O t-- t^ l> t> C30 CO O ■^ CO (M CI 7^ T-H r-f r-l CJ -00 to CO -fO ** ir; to ^i' ■^ -to o to r= 3 = a' c o sa S" p o -t- ♦a s a 32 'E"3 a; « a) a REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 675 Eecapif Illation hi Sfates and Territories of tit e disposal of the puilic lands and abandoned military reservations during the fiscal year ending June 30, 189S, theareasand the amount receired therefrom, and the expenses connected therewith. [The area of comiimted homesteads ami timbLr cultures, final homesteads, and final de.sert entries, and the area and amount of Indian land and other area-? in brackets, are not included in the grand aggregate.] Sales of lands at private entry. Sales of lands at public auction. Sales of lands by preemption entry. States ai)d Terri- tories. J Acres. Amount. 1 a Acres. Amount. en a Acres. Amount. Alabama : «■ 2 41 1 446 294 6 138 200. 23 5, 602. 52 80.00 74, 775. 76 41, 430. 58 806. 69 18, 819. 25 $250. 30 11, 0J6.08 loo 00 3 82.80 $112. 90 98 414 99 Colorado 57 17R Ti Florida 1 flOfi 37 1 23, 524. 08 Indiana 1 2 5 1 3 6 2.43 .41 200. 00 34.68 10.67 125. 70 40. 09 10.10 250. 00 43.35 55. 15 188.70 Iowa 2 152 1 30 133 1 120. 00 21, 609. 04 121.65 4, 076. 09 16.691.24 [38. 66] 200 00 28, 697. 39 152. 06 5 006 "'3 Louisiana Michi<^an -- 2 60.70 $75. 87 Minnesota 1 178. 65 223.31 22,538.10 48 32 ]VIissoiii"i 213 14, .580. 61 18, 329. 35 1 Montana 1 337 310 68 290 1, 195 394 68 836 6 73 49, 935. 29 43, 043. 95 9 508 88 72, 257. 76 55 886 66 Nebraska 21 1 871.74 1, 191. 17 New Mexico T> nifi IS North Dakota 1 38 718 62 f-fi ^^" 'i'' Oregon 3 120. 00 8 249. 99 150. 00 440.31 194, 366. 29 56, 866. 30 9, 793. 79 120, 032. 23 896. 09 10, 840. 88 944 (574 94 South Dakota . . 71 559 12 Utali 13 SO'' 63 Washin gton 9 1 147. 21 2.54 189. 42 3.30 170 030 67 Wisconsin 2 007 62 "Wyomin ^'' 14 997 03 216 ■-■■,-' Total 14,819.96 l.S r.'^S .53 63 1, 848. 17 2 674 49 4 891 5 , [38.66] [955, 362. 17 ^718, 336. 27 Sales of timber and stone lauds. Sales of mineral lands. Original entries under the desert-land act. States and Terri- tories. 06 .2 "S Acres. Amount. a Acres. Amount. 0: 4) 'B a Acres. Amount. Ala.ska 4 64 3 78 526 2 70 101. 97 1,410.67 400. 00 4 347 12 $515. 00 7, 190. 00 1, 000. 00 1:'. fiio nn 332 89, 967. 42 $22, 491. 59 Arkiin.sas Califiiiiiia 470 40 67, 693. 21 5, 845. 38 $169,233 25 14,614.39 232 121 38.440.51 22, 726. 10 610 9R Colorado 10 836 3.5! 47' S7S no 5, 681. 60 Florida 196. 18 5, 502. 95 490. 44 16, 592. 50 Idaho 11 14 264 38 1, 375. 12 2, 179. 92 33, 793. 65 5, 855. 72 3 437 80 279 48, 046. 13 12, Oil. 63 Louisiana 5, 449. 77 Minnesota 83, 984. 69 14, 639. 44 ""I.:.... ATont.ina 9jqi .^'> 07 Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri - Montana 180 [50, 290. 29] 53, 040. 57 Nebraska !New Mexico 91 [36, 444. 61] 36, 524. 61 ! 4, 901. 83 Knrth Dakota '■ 13,054.53 Oklahoma 83,839.92 32,531.80 19,909.26 7, 772. 99 79,751.90 60, 400. 12 5, 371. 87 Oregon 21 [2, 982. 42] 3, 032. 42 South Dakota ...... 1 [160. 00] 186. 00 Utah 95 21 [18, 002. 12] 20 '?.'?'>. 31 Washin iiton [3, 830. 40] 4.' 027 -21 "Wisconsin Wyoming 95 [21, 526. 99] 22, 304. 39 Total 883 [231, 072. 181 938. 071 . 93 L J 3,175 [425- 665. 25 1 600. 'IfT^ .54 11 U i^R fi7l! 1 fiKi 47 1 ^' States and Terri- tories. Excesses on homestead, timber-culture, and other entries. Timber-culture entries com- muted under act March 3, 1891. Sales of town sites. i u "a Acres. Amount. CO a; .*H a Acres. Amount. i a Acres. Amount.. Alabama 318 14 101 324 299 280 116 1 1 1 165 444 46 165 317 44 79 232 47 143 254 172 173 49 124 28 58 332. 50 39.57 373. 70 3 [40.00] ^1,415.34 993. 45 333. 45 491. 22 1.84 .96 .91 394.59 1, 243. 22 105.28 703. 68 536. 44 185. 12 219. 00 618. 02 193. 00 460. 07 944. 32 1,041.91 569. 29 89.90 453.21 157. 06 316. 12 $417. 02 49.58 475. 39 h. 978. 59 1, 397. 89 417.48 644. 48 2.30 1.20 2.30 735. 33 1,834.66 206. 71 1, 216. 54 670. 78 231. 43 350. 65 928. 63 241. 51 733. 82 1, 303. 31 1, 383. 25 813. 28 102. 17 842. 78 294. 31 471. 26 Arizona 23 [3, 040. 00] $3, 800. 00 Arkansas California 190 248 [27,253.41] [37, 620. 67] 34, 006. 82 47, 023. 51 1 70.13 $175. 33 Colorado Florida Idaho 63 [7, 638. 63] 9, 548. 34 120. 00 150 00 Illinois Indiana Iowa 8 384 6 [394. 461 [57, 095. 80] [857. 58] 543. 10 72,121.12 1,071.97 • Kansas Louisiana Michigan Minnes ta 97 [12, 375. 18] 15, 462. 20 Mississippi Missouri Montana 53 442 16 309 1 65 291 23 171 [6, 809. 09] [06, 792. 23 [2, 200. 00 [48, 406. 73] [320. 00] [9, 136. 39] [43, 120. 62] [2, 957. 82] [24, 234. 81] 8, 580. 20 83, 490. 71 2, 750. 00 60, 583. 98 480. 00 11, 420. 48 53.894.31 3, 697. 28 30, 289. 75 Nebraska New Mexico North Dakota .......... Oklahoma 13 2 11 11, 276. 35 [80. 00] 100. 00 [21. 22] 21.620.17 267, 344. 91 "N^pliraska, 1 173, 580. 30 "N^cvad Ji ......... 2, 695. 00 "N^ftw ifoxico ....... 90, 802. 42 2^orth Dakota 126, 931. 90 89, 245. 38 40.00 100. 00 373, 014. 25 158, 995. 10 XJtali 79,976.19 398, 238. 74 85, 760. 43 71, 347. 94 Total 3J [160. 00] 40.00 I 300.00 3^ [21. 22] 239. 99 \ 20,641 1,404,958.82 3, 193, 280. 64 States and Terri- tories. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Florida Idaho Illinois .Indiana Iowa Kansas Louisiana Michigan Minnesota Mississippi . . . Missouri Montana N ebra.ska Nevada !Ncw Mexico .. North Dakota. Oklahoma Oregon South Dakota. Utah AVashington . . Wisconsin "Wyoming Total . Original entries of lands under the homestead laws. En- tries. 1,393 399 2,211 3,108 2,744 1,013 1,371 4 35 3,083 1,213 638 2,694 1,240 1,874 1,571 3, 270 14 ' 721 3,076 5,692 2,150 4,845 687 1,903 851 630 Acres. Commis- sions. 148, 578. 00 55, 406. 59 249, 428. 02 456, 257. 57 416, 772. 19 126, 340. 39 185, 779. 42 453. 58 Fees. 2, 048. 60 467, 906. 49 143, 073. 76 100,496.19 348,916.29 143, 402. 44 184, 532. 07 237, 248. 30 484, 3.'.7. 71 1, 909. 31 103, 586. 89 475, 009. 42 851, 861. 18 318,018.8' 746, 847. 31 96, 287. 20 277, 954. 75 90, 305. 9 95, 892. 50 48, 436;6, 808, 791. 56 $3, 719. 95 2,439.00 6, 374. 49 20, 578. 80 17, 820, 37 3, 226. 85 7, 784. 32 11.34 Total fees and com missions. $10. 500. 00 $14, 309. 95 3, 005. 00 6, 044. 00 17, 305. OOJ 23, 679. 49 29,530.00 50,108.86 26,575.00 44,395.37 8,570.60 11,797.45 12,815.00 20,599.32 35. 00 46. 34 110. 00 15, 7.59. 8' 4, 252. 02 2, 051. 01 10, 884. 23 3, 599. 00 4, 868. 88 11, 594. 79 14, 709. 23 114.00 4, 090. 41 15,131.86 24, 341. 48 13, 538. 48 22,412.11 4,291.35 15, 573. 58 3, 612. 24 4,135.80 237, 026. 12 390.00 29, 585. 00 10, 185. 00 5, 500. 00 23,470.00 10, 005. 00 13,575.00 15,230.00 30, 947. 50 130. 00 6. 799. 00 30, 090. 00 54, 250. 00 20, 470. 00 47, 225. 00 6, 245. CO 18,145.00 6, 555. 00 6, 120. 00 Final homestead entries. En- tries. 1,666 137 1,508 1,575 1,515 597 447 300. 001 45, 344. 87 14. 437. 62 7, 551. 01 34, 354. 23 13,604.00 18, 433. 88 26, 830. 79 45, 656. 73 244. 00 10,889.41 45, 221. 86 78, 591. 48 34, 008. 48 69, 037. 11 10, 5.36. 35 33, 718. 58 10, 167. 24 10, 255. 80 1 86 2,932 650 224 1,103 582 1,093 360 2,900 5 347 1,464 233 979 1,772 179 1,087 463 299 443, 748. 10 680, 774. 22,24, 204 Acres. [207, 770. 71 [20, 171. 57 [181,431.95 [235, 643. 38 [237, 807. 65 [77, 898. 29 [61, 279. 47 \Jommi8- sions. [56. 76 [11,083.41 [452, 854 55 [86, 303. 51' [27, 437. 36 [148,047.00' [71, 259. 05 [128, 183. 12 [54,251.04 [451,773.39' [797. 80 [53, 214. 84 [227, 310. 85 [36, 420, 17 [147, 787. 76 [273, 713. 36 [25, 796. 00 [157,872.59 [53, 833. 15' [46, 232. 90 $5, 201. 25 870. 67 4, 700. 60 11.044.40 10, 359. 88 1,987.16 2, 460. 63 1.42 536. 22 15, 883. 78 2, 506. 36 730. 35 5, 950. 05 1, 790. 00 3, 342, 07 3, 013. 21 14, 228. 83 30.00 2, 0G7. 78 7, 805, 69 906. 57 6, 443. 98 6, 982. 29 1, 166. 29 9, 209. 82 1, 939. 40 2, 115. 89 [3, 477, 231. 63] 123, 943. 59 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 679 Eecapitulaiion, 'by States and Territories, of the dls})osal of iniblic lands, etc. — Continued. [The area of commuted homesteads and timber cultures, final homesteads, and final desert entries, and the area and amount of Indian land and other areas in brackets, are not included in the grand aggregate.] Stales and Terri- tories. Arizona California Colorado Idaho Iowa Kansas ........ Louisiana Minnesota Montana Kebraska New Mexico . . North Dakota. Oregon South Dakota. Utah Washington . . Wyoming Total , Original entries of lands under the timber- culture laws. En- tries. 4 25 17 1 "2 76 Acres, 439. 52 8, 634. 18 2, 617. 20 360. 00 160. 00 720. 00 520. 00 "2,' 224.' 26' '313.' 82" Registers' Govern and receiv- ers' fees $16 100 ment fees. .$35 230 68 12 8 20 16 56' "i 165 25 10 45 35 iio "26 10, 988. 98 304 705 Total fees. $51 330 233 37 18 65 51 "28 1,009 Final timber-culture entries. En- tries. 7 23 58 16 39 982 6 231 14 1,984 2 562 157 1, 832 6 120 14 6,053 Acres. [519. [2, 618. 8, 748. 1,795. '2, 970. [143, 992. [963. [29, 805. [1,798. [303, 059. [239. [88, 345. [23, 610. [284, 891. [666. [18, 171. [2,148. [914, 351. 34] Fees. $28 92 232 64 156 3, 928 24 924 56 7,936 8 2,248 628 7, 328 24 528 56 24,260 States and Terri- Lands entered with military bounty land warrants. Lands eutered with agri- cultural college scrip. Lands entered with pri- vate land scrip. tories. En- tries. Acres. Fees. En- tries. Acres. Fees. En- tries. Acres. Fees. 1 1 6 6 1 4 1 160. 00 1 160.00 4 California ^120.00 |) ) 799. 94 i "" 16 54 5 [400.00] ) 8S0 00 •5 [240.00] I 5, 074. 19 I S Colorado Idaho \ ill. 83 160. 00 5[1G0. 00] I 448.80 4 Ijouisiana • 4 640. 00 Michigan 8 6 5 3 1 920. 00 5 [280. 00] \ 479. 52 280. 00 280. 00 160. 00 29 i » 13 7 4 Minnesota . . 5 505. 56 Mis.sissippi Missouri Montana Nebraska 18 5 [160.00] I 1, 197. 56 1 New Mexico 1 9 2 2 3 1' 2 160. 00 [1, .''lO. 20] 80.00 320. 00 5 [160. 00] I ICO. 00 U160.00] I 160.00 40.00 160. 00 4 35 8 5 : 4 North Dakota - Oregon South Dakota 1 Washington Wi.sconsin i' ' 1 Totals 62 5 [2, 679.20] I 5, 086. 09 I 209 1 160. 00 4 97 S [800.00] ^8,297.31 I 680 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Bccaplinlaiion, hij Stales and Territories, of the disposal of j^iihJiclaHds, etc. — Continued. [Tlie nrca of conninitcd liomestead.s and tiniljer ciilturos, final liomcsteads. and final desert entries, and the area and amount of Indian laud and other areas in brackets, are not included in the grand aggregate.] State selections. Railroad selections. Swamp lands? States and Terri- tories. IS .2 'u a Acres. Fees. □0 CI Acres. Fees. □Q a Acres. Fees. 1,549 829 1,135 247, 850. 00 132,151.72 181,393.66 $3, 098. 00 1, 657. 35 2, 270. 00 f ^alit'oi'iiiii 526 1,226 10 508 70, 72i. 38 196,326.35 1,481.54 80, 331. 95 $1,052.00 2, 454. 68 26. (10 913.. 50 .... 301. 30 221, 820. 04 Tfl'ilin 4 2 1, 652 483. 18 320. 00 131, 358. 11 8.00 4.00 3, 304. 00 .... 360. 00 1,611.06 307. 64 9, 500. 50 120. 21 "NTimiPsotii 8 971. 90 16.00 .... 797 133, 597. 09 1, 595. 17 742 3,232 116, 936. 63 516, 882. 56 1, 484. 00 6,464.00 Nevada 235 35, 955. 60 470. 00 687 223 ioii, 899. 68 36, 334. 78 1, 374. 00 456. 00 North Dakota Olvlnliomn. 1,244 6 433 791 217, 056. 41 720. 00 63, 574. 27 158, 360. 20 2, 382. 00 12.00 864. 25 1, 581. 50 Ore<^on 444 70, 291. 92 888. 00 .... 15, 653. 34 South Dakota Utah 401 695 1,550 63, 907. 90 110,139.60 247, 802. 37 802. 00 1, 391. 00 3, 100. 00 Washington 996 701 160, 595. 03 111. 956. 07 1,716.00 1, 402. 00 Total 7,473 1,230,676.49 14,468.50 13, 153 1,90(1,844.07 26,3)6.35 .... 249, 8r>4. 09 States and Terri- Indian allotments. Sions half-hreed scrip locations. Valentine scrij) locations. tories. En- tries. 37 124 7 22 4 19 28 460 Acres. Amount. En- tries. Acres. Amount. En- tries. Acres. Fees. 2, 489. CO 17, 442. 34 1.120.86 1, 760. 00 279. 04 1,510.00 2, 998. 47 65, 222. 52 1 80.00 i Id alio 1 ;:::::;::::::::;.. .......1 JVIinuesota Montana Nevada 1 1 j 1 40.00 2 85.26 $2 122 6 12 37 17,809.25 1,624.05 853. 63 2, 357. 55 South Daliota AVashingtou Wisconsin :.: 1 40.00 1 40.00 1 1 1 Total 878 115,497.31 3 160. 00 3 125. 26 3 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TNTERIOR. 681 EecapituJation iij States and Territories of the disposal ofiliepuhlic lands, etc. — Continued. [Tlio area of coiiiniiited honiesteacls and timber cultures, tiiial homesteads, and final desert entries, and the area and amount of Indian hind and other areas in brackets, are not included in the grand aggregate.] States and Territories. Donation claims. Entries. Acres. ' Amount. Alabama Arizona Arkansas Ciilifuruia Colorado I'lorida Idalio Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Louisiana Michigan Minnesota Mississippi . . . Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada Kew Mexico.. North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon South Dakota. Utah Washington... Wisconsin Wyoming Total . 246. 06 $30. 00 246.06 30.00 Total miscellaneous entries. Entries. 3,060 2,132 3,719 6.211 6,770 1, 620 2.369 4 1 162 8,670 1,873 874 4,069 1, 827 2,970 3,515 11,409 714 1,761 6,582 5,931 4,293 9,262 1,273 4,824 1,352 3,196 100, 443 Acres. Ajnount received. 148,578.00 306, 145. 65 249, 428. 62 679, oh:!. 77 804, 799. 26 349, 641. 97 268, 354. 55 453. 58 002, 145, 102, 362, 143. 184. 491, 1,003, 103, 213, 729, 852, 485, 909, 160, 550, 92, 455, 728. 60 330. 60 324. 82 003. 47 333. 77 742. 44 932. 28 100. 49 157.83 (187. 43 771.83 060. 61 581.18 6G7. 65 215.82 255. 10 343. 49 733. 47 870. 94 10, 396, 727. 22 $19,512.20 10, 048. 07 28, 3S9. 09 64, 625. 61 60, 065. 33 13,810.61 24, 04^. 45 40. 34 1.42 996. 22 68. 709. 65 16, 967. 98 8,310.36 41,300.28 15,407.00 21, 792. 95 33, 001. 17 74, 350. 56 744. 00 14, 345. 19 58, 199. 55 70, 510. 05 42, 840. 71 85, 732. 90 12, 528. 64 46, 690. 40 12, 107. 64 16, 933. 69 871, 017. 66 States and Terri- tories. Prei^mption filings. Homestead filings. Coal filings. Town site filings. Valentine scrip filings. Mineral ap- plications. No. Fees. No. Fees. No. Fees. No. Fees. No. Fees. No. Fees. 10 57 61 75 817 2 79 $100 570 5 1 14 395 $15 2 42 1,185 2 1 12 34 3 $6 2 36 102 6 Ark;iii.sns. ......... 1 16 602 $2 48 1,806 610 California 750 Colorado 2 $6 8 170 Floi-ida ''O Idaho 124 38 372 76 2 6 790 Kansas 17 1 34 2 Michigan 17 270 34 540 Minnesota 56 3 7 13 "1 21 26 1 Missouri 1 Montana 2-18 4 744 8 78 234 237 2,370 Nebraska 2 4 Nevada . 62 (JOQ New Mexico 7 21 48 2 12 351 10 79 2! 702 30 158 65 4 195 8 1 3 30 300 North Dakota 24 Oklahoma 1 1 2 2 3 4 Oregon 271 43 1 240 813 80 3 720 52 4 70 108 156 8 210 324 16 71 107 62 160 Sorth Dakota 710 Utah 1 0"0 Washington 7 2 3 21 4 9 2 $2 620 Wisconsin Wyoming 19 57 275 825 9 90 Total 1,721 4,766 615 1,307 1,277 3,822 9 22 2 2 1,695 16, 950 682 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Becapitulations, hij States and Territories, of the disjwsal of pnWic lands, etc. — ^Continued. [Tlie area of commuted homostead.s and timber culture*, final bomestead.s, and final desert entries, and tbe area and amount of Indian land and other areas in brackets, are not included in the grand aggregate.] States and Terri- tories. Mineral protests. Applications for timber and stone lands. Can- c(4Ia- tiou fees. Fees received for reduc- ing testi- mony to "writing, etc. Fees erro- no- ou.sly col- lected Supple- mental pay- ments on tim- ber and stone applica- tions. Total miscella- neous filings and fees. Total amount of fees and com- mi.s.sions from all 'So. Fees. No. Fees. No. Fees. soiu'ces. $39 $1, 433. 46 $1, 472. 46 110. 00 1, 965. 61 2, "70. 19 10,641.72 24, 072. 66 778. 43 3, 328. 38 $20, 984. 66 110 00 1 $10 11 64 65 589 2,188 5 229 25 1, 219. 61 2, 044. 91 4,961.72 9, 098. C6 743.43 1, 905. 38 $130 12, 014. 28 31, 059. 28 75 267 33 Arlviiiisfis ...... . - I 2 289 10 20 2,890 Oalifoniia 470 49 $4,700 490 84 325 9 11 Colorado 84 137 99 Ploiida 14, 589. 04 27, 377. 83 46 34 15 150 9 90 4 Indiana 1 42 Iowa 406. 88 5, 909. 20 605. 8!) 1, 060. 27 3, 374. 40 520. 55 1, 352. 22 1, 673. 22 9,513.36 54. 30 1, 233. 81 3, 444. 00 2, 742. 67 3,456.10 G, 454. 37 610. 28 4, 452. 39 1, 085. 86 1, 202. 77 406. 88 6, 400. 20 768. 89 1,113.27 15, 086. 40 543. 55 1,-441.22 5, 844. 22 9, 953. 36 714. 30 1,814.81 3, 643. 00 3, 484. 67 6,745.10 7, 822. 37 2, 152. 28 8, 129. 30 3, 704. 86 2, 358. 77 1 403 10 381 21 13 45 23 83 12 402 55 15 17 1,387 75 109 85 14 140 17 736 87 9, 423. 63 56 386 68 !RTinnesota ....... 1,061 10', 610 .$405 Miasissiiini 15 950 55 Miaaoiiri 3 649 19 66 108 40 352 559 214 199 612 202 322 23 ''34 17 37 370 42 420 38, 845. 39 84, 303. 92 1 458.30 4 3 40 30 'New Mexico 26 119 38 27 252 43 60 15 15 10, 160. 00 !N'ortli Dakota . . 61 842 55 82, 994. 72 49 585 81 Oregon 3 4 21 2 30 40 210 20 206 11 2,060 110 10 South Dakota 93, 555. 27 Utah 14, 680. 92 "WashinKtou . 191 200 15 1,910 2,000 150 54, 819. 79 15,812.50 Wisconsin Wyoming 1 10 19, 292. 46 Total 383 3, 830 2, 268 ;22, 680 |2, 068 I 1 71, 170. 99 144 405 7,970 127, 166. 99 998, 184. 65 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 683 HecapUulation hi/ States and Territories of the disposal of thepuhlic lands, etc. — Conduued. [The area of commated homesteads and timber cultures, final homesteads, and final desert entries, and the area and amount of Indian land and other areas in brackets, are not included in the grand aggregate.] States and Terri- tories. Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado riorida Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Louisiana Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska INevada New Mexico ... North Dakota.. Oklalxoma Oregon Souf h Dakota . . Utah "Washington Wisconsin Wyoming Total . . . . Aggregate of all classes of entries, area of lands disposed of, and re- ceipts from all sources. Tin- tries. Acres. 3,457 15 2,790 3,931 8,836 10, 698 1.975 3,573 5 3 188 9,510 2.405 1,069 6, 385 2,211 3, 261 5,740 12, 602 807 2,251 7.438 7,015 6,771 10,540 2,112 7,488 1,955 4,023 129, 054 149, 172. 78 101.97 403, 165. 83 250, 282. 32 806, 759. 10 890, 803. 79 351, 664. 53 342, 709. 22 455. 42 3.39 3, 044. 30 624.534.23 149, 2G5. 01 100, 256. 41 413, 926. 69 144,278.88 199, 698. 01 631,148.53 1, 047, 692. 14 104, 162. 03 242, 259. 68 768, 319. 30 855, 7.38. 37 718, 764. 48 970, 644. 82 215, 471, 72 745, 898. 37 103,011.00 502, 453. 72 Amount. $31, 206. 90 625. 00 90, 992. 79 39, 071. 23 466, 999. 17 369, 317. 25 23, 399. 09 162, 2.30. 51 48.64 42.71 3, 649. 85 191, 800. 61 34, 014. 02 30, 023. 24 224,618.79 27, 226. 90 44, 854. 34 300, 190. 30 257, 884. 22 4, 153. .30 107, 022. 42 188,774.45 172, 240. 10 422, 600. 06 252, 550. 43 94, 657. 11 453, 058. 53 101, 572. 93 90, 640. 40 Expenses incident to the disposals, of pub- lic lands. Salaries and com- mis.sions of register and receiver. $11, 615. 24 Incidental expenses. 11, 822. 08 16,286.98 45, 694. 41 60, 532. 92 6,000.00 21,252.07 2, 258. 00 30, 971. 95 9,- 322. 37 6, 335. 56 25,071.44 6. 000. 00 13, 079. 10 25, 274. 70 53, 473. 90 5, 828. 04 14, 935. 46 25, 568. 61 20, 319. 26 30,162.84 42, 812. 55 6, 000. 00 38,201.42 13, 692. 28 18, 896. 15 Expense of depos- iting. $4, 809. 36 1, 910. 86 4, 055. 44 15, 787. 45 12, 657. 64 4, 423. 26 2, 414. 08 527. 82 13, 798. 60 7, 235. 38 1, 706. 08 8, 360. 80 4,491.75 2, 700. 36 6, 282. 46 10, 583. 55 425. 62 1,636.96 7, 549. 64 14, 532. 61 12, 103. 16 13, 970. 90 4, 269. 54 13, 134. 16 1, 096. 32 2, 520. 37 11, 801, 686. 04 4, 191, 465. 29 561,407.33 172,990.17 $17. 95 $16, 442. 55 313.95 239. 75 531. 97 242. 65 8.10 85.80 1.40 230. 27 1.45 5. SO 51.35 4.35 27.30 19. 75 240. 30 20.90 22.80 80.68 153. 65 99.10 144.45 324. 63 '728.50 Total ex- penses. 14, 046. 89 20, 5v;2. 17 62, 013. 83 73, 433. 21 10. 431. 36 23, 751. 95 2, 787. 22 45, 000. 82 16, 559. 20 8, 047. 44 33,483.59 10, 496. 10 15,812.76 31, 576. 91 64, 297. 75 6, 274. 56 16, 595. 22 33. 198. 93 35, 005. 52 42, 365. 10 56, 927. 90 10. 269. 54 51,660.21 14, 788. 60 22, 145. 02 3, 596. 85 1737, 994. 35 684 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Slatcmeut ly olliccs and States of the disposal of Indian lands during the fiscal year ' ending June 30, 1893. State and oflice. Entries. Acres. Total cash receipts. CHEROKEE SCHOOL LANDS. Alabama : ^ 3 120. 26 $150. 33 UTE. Colorado: 9 249 05 225 1, 398. 29 30, 327. 49 7,471.24 37, 898. 49 1,747.87 rilpTi wfififl Snriiio'a . 43,041.11 24, 734. 78 ATr»iitro*sO . 29, 838. 06 Total 548 77, 005. 51 99, 361. 82 SHOSHONE AND BANNOCK. IdallO: 200 5, 115. 00 OSAGE TRUST AND DIMINISHED RESERVE, rrarflf*!! rMtrV . ..... ............................... 21 20 14 2, 736. 59 3, 309. 02 933. 11 11, 322. 05 T.uT-npil 21,016.30 Toneka 2,710.17 Total 61 6, 978. 72 35, 048. 52 KANSAS TRUST AND DIMINISHED RESERVE. 1, 940. 93 SIOUX. M'lrsball 12 634. 46 865. 96 South Dakota: nhnmltf^rlfiin ... 67 37 11 1, 990. 64 12, 8f-6. 01 Pierre 6, 727. 82 457. 28 989. 93 Total 127 12 3,091.38 720. 00 21, 449. 72 FLATHEAD. Montana: 8, 934. 69 PAWNEE. Nebraska : 203. 36 OTOE AND MISSOURIA. Kebraska: 6, 950. 54 Nebraska : 20 29 997. 39 454. 69 34, 446. 76 Nebraska : O'Neill 508. 40 Orecon : 1 .n Ornndft 70, 522. 34 1 RECAPITULATION. States. Entries. Acres. Total cash receipts. 3 548 200 61 12 12 49 120. 26 77, 095. 51 "'e,' 978.' 72' 634. 46 720. 00 1, 452. 08 $1.50. 33 99,361.82 5,115.00 36,989.45 Aliiiiiesdt.i 865. 96 IVf oiitana 8, 934. 69 Nebraska 42, 229. 30 70, 522. 34 South Dnkotn. 115 2, 456. 92 20, 583. 76 Total 1,000 89, 457. 95 2S4, 752. 65 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 685 EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs, Washington, D. C, September 16, 1893. Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith the Sixty-second Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Aft'airs. I entered upon the discharge of the duties of this Office April 18 last. For four weeks of the time since then I have been engaged in New York City making contracts for the purchase of goods and supplies ibr the Indian Service, and I have had no time as yet to visit Indian res- ervations and to insjiect x)ersonally the workings of the agencies and schools. However, in the adjustment of questions arising at remote points where knowledge of local conditions is important, I have had the val- uable aid of the Assistant Commissioner, General Armstrong, who, having visited the several reservations as Indian Inspector, has a per- sonal knowledge of the degrees of civilization attained by the various tribes, and the local conditions at each agency. INDIAN AGENTS. Under the legislation contained in the Indian appropriation act of July 13, 1892, the following order in regard to the detail of Army officers to act as Indian agents was issued by the President on the 17th of last June : Executive Mansion, Washington, June 17, 1S93. Pursuant to a provision of chapter 164 of the laws of the first session of the Fifty- second Congress, passed on tlie 13tli day of July, 1892, which reads as follows: I'rovidecl, That from and after the passage of this act the President shall detail officers of the United States Army to act as Indian agents at all agencies where vacancies from any cause may hereafter occur, who, while acting as such agents, sball be under the orders and direction of the Secretary of the Interior, except at agencies where, in the opinion of the President, the public service would be better promoted by the appointment of a civilian. I hereby detail the following officers of the Uaited States Army to act as Indian agents at the agencies set opi^osite their respective names ; * * * Gkover Cleveland. The order contained the name3 of twenty officers thus detailed, and similar orders have since been issued, so that twenty-seven out of fifty- seven Indian agencies are now under the charge of Army officers. This makes a decided change in the policy of administering Indian affairs. Of its practical effects it is now too soon to attemi)t to speak fully, and from a theoretical standi)oint the subject has already been widely dis- cussed. In selecting Indian agents for agencies where the President has deemed it for the interest of the service that civilian agents should be appointed, it is the iwlicy of this Office to recommend persons, as a rule, who do not reside in the vicinity of the reservation upon which their services are to be rendered. It may as well be taken for granted that the advancement of any degraded, ignorant people must be brought about by some sacrifice of money, time, or comfort on the part of those who have attained a higher scale of enlightment. Ultimately the re- sult will be, of course, gain all around; but in the process it means 686 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE temporary loss. Difficult as it is for individuals to act upon tliis prin- ci])le, it is still more so for conmiuuities, and proverbially so for corpo- rations. Therefore tlie immediate interests of the inbabitants of an Indian reservation and those of white settlements or towns near by are a])t to be, or to be considered, conflicting. Hence it is a very diflicult matter for any one identified with the progress of a town, a county, or a State to enter an Indian reservation and when any local question comes up involving the interests of both races to so divest himself of a strong prejudice in favor of his own race as to enable him to see fairly the needs or rights of the other race, and having seen them, to supply the one and defend the other. Experience proves, what theory would indi- cate, that agents who come to Indian agencies from a distance are more ready than those living near by to give their best efibrts to i^romote the welfare of those whom they are emi)loyed to aid. ESTIMATES FOE APPEOPRIATIONS. Every practicable effort is being made to reduce the cost of the Indian Service. Careful examination has been made of existing agency and school positions, and wherever it could be done without detriment to the service, positions have been dispensed with. The estimates sub- mitted for appropriations for the entire Indian Service for the fiscal vear ending June^SO, 1895, amount to $6,931,750.61, which is §193,639.83 less than the amount appropriated, and 81,191,454.70 less than the esti- mate submittedj for the cuiTent fiscal year ending June 30, 1894. educatio:n'. ATTENDAI^CE. The advance in Indian school work during the past year is encour- aging, as shown by a resume of the work for last year and for the six years previous, which is given in the following tables: Table 1. — Enrollment and average attendance a4 Indian schools, ISSl to 1S93. ENROLLED. Kind of school. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. GovemTnent schools : Trjiiniiio' ^91 1892 1892 1893 1893 1893 1893 1893 Number of em- ployees. 72 31 21 42 40 52 48 17 33 22 23 19 26 20 24 12 12 12 11 12 Rate per annum. 167 175 "\hl •107 175 167 175 175 167 175 167 175 167 167 167 167 Capacity, « 800 300 150 t 300 400 300 500 120 175 150 125 180 130 300 250 120 150 75 100 75 4,700 Enroll- ment. 840 336 157 236 414 269 606 102 173 134 122 147 121 94 171 113 98 61 59 93 4,346 Average attend- 731 248 153 224 340 222 538 98 118 118 80 120 105 63 136 90 86 38 36 77 3,621 * With outing system. t When improvements under way are completed. These schools with their special, and necessarily somewhat expensive, appliances for giving pupils instruction in various trades, are now so numerous and so widely scattered throughout the country as to be con- veniently accessible to the majority of the Indian tribes; and it is believed that no new schools of this character need be hereafter estab- lished. It is time, however, that the purpose for which they were originally established should be more stiictly adhered to than formerly; that is, that they should be regarded as advanced schools, compara- tively speaking, and that their j)upils should as a rule consist of those who have previously attended the reservation schools, and having nearly or quite finished the reservation-school course, will profit by further training both in books and in industries. Such a policy was made mandatory in regard to the Carlisle school by the following legis- lation in the Indian ai)i)ropriation act of July 13, 1892: And provided further, That no more Indian cliildren shall enter and be educated and supported at said school who have not attended some other school for a period of at leant three years. Transfer from a reservation to a nouTeservation school should be looked upon as a promotion and a privilege, and selections for such REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 689 transfer slioiild becarefiilly made and based npon merit and proficiency. Siicli a system, fully carried out, will give to tbe liiglier schools a more earnest class of pupils, better able to use profitably the very excellent advantages which these schools offer, old enough when they come to engage in regular shop or farm work, and old enough when they leave to have fairly mastered a trade and to have acquired char- acter and habits of sufficient strength and tenacity to withstand the strain of reservation and tribal influences. This system will also have a favorable reflex effect upon the reservation schools, giving an aim toward which both teachers and pupils can work, and thus increasing interest and stimulating ambition. This, however, presu])poses cheerful cooperation on the part of the reservation schools. They must expect to surrender to the remote training schools their brightest and most promising pupils, those who have the best mental, moral, and physical endowments, and must en- courage them to go just when they shall have become most interesting as pupils and most helpful and reliable in the various industrial de- partments. Their places must be supplied in turn with the raw material from the camps, to be "worked up" witli the same patience, care, and enthusiasm which was expended upon their predecessors. This is, of course, the natural order of things; yet in some schools it has been looked upon as a hardship. Good material has been parted with reluctantly, and attempt has even been made to use the non- reservation school as a means of getting rid of the poor material with which the reservation school was encumbered. Such a spirit is entirely out of harmony with any attempt to establish an efficient system of Indian education. As a further step toward increasing their efficiency, it has been decided not to force the attendance of Indian children upon nonreser- vation schools against the will of their parents, and the following instructions were issued to agents and school superintendents on the 22d of April last: You are advised that hereafter no children are to be taken away from reserva- tions to noureservation schools without the full consent of the parents and the approval of the agent. The consent of the parents must he voluntary and not in any degree or manner the result of coercion. This order, however, does not, as some have supposed, conflict with the law of March 3, 1893, which is as follows : Hereafter the Secretary of the Interior may in his discretion withhold rations, clothing, and other annuities from Indian parents or guardians Avho refuse or neg- lect to send and keep their children of proper school age in some school a reason- able portion of each jear. Thus far I have not found it necessary to resort to any of these means and it is hoped that the attendance of pupils will be secured without recourse to such penalties; yet cases may arise when the Hon. Secretary may find it expedient to exercise the powers granted. The Indian child should be taught at least to read, to write, and to speak English, and how to work and to live in a civilized way. Upon the reservations, day schools and boarding schools should be provided and should be attended. But the forcible taking of children a long distance from their homes against the will of their parents, and often to localities so difterent from their homes as to make the climatic changes exceedingly trying, is to me a matter of very doubtful expediency. Even ignorant and superstitious parents have rights, and their paren- tal feelings are entitled to consideration. Doubtless deference to their wishes will sometimes deprive their children of educational advantages Ab. 93 44 690 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE in a nonreservation school, wliose value can be appreciated neither by- parent nor child. Yet an overzealous attempt to enforce even a bless- ing is apt to arouse a distrust and antagonism, which in the loug run ];)revents rather than promotes the good results desired. If it comes to be uuderstood by Indians that they must attend home schools and should attend distant schools, they will be more approachable on the latter subject and more ready to listen to the arguments in favor of a longer terra of schooling and a more thorough course of industrial train- ing than most reservation schools can offer. I am advised that a large majority of the pupils attending nonreserva- tion schools have been secured without any sort of compulsion. Urgent requests are often made by parents as well as young people that they may be allowed the privilege of education in a training-school, and re- turned students, especially, who know by experience what the advan- tages of these schools are and are worth, urge them upon their friends and relatives. But the few instances of compulsion are so exaggerated that their effect in prejudicing Indians against the schools is ejitirely disproportionate, and I am satisfied that a better state of feeling will I)revail and a better class of pupils be secured if moral suasion only is resorted to for the filling of non reservation schools, even though tem- XDorarily the attendance should fall below the capacity of the buildings. An eifort is also being made to define the localities from which the respective nonreservation schools, both Government and contract, may draw their x^upils, the object being twotold: First, so far as practicable, it will keep the young people within the climate and latitude to which they are accustomed. This will, of course, favorably affect the health question. It will also tend to insure to the pupils training in such industries as they are likely to pursuein after life, and instruction in the methods of farming, care of stock, and out-of-door work generally, which prevail in their home localities. Second, it will modify, if not wholly break up, a practice, which has gradually grown until it has become x)ernicious, of having many differ- ent schools searching for pupils on the same reservation. Notwith- standing the fact that the source of supply is ample and there arc many more children than tbe schools can care for, there has arisen rivalry and competition in obtaining Indian pupils. This leads to the making of promises to parents and pupils and holding out of inducements which are very difficult of fulfillment afterward, and very disappointing to the Indians when not strictlj^ fulfilled according to their under- standing of the arrangements made. Such a course also fosters in the Indian an idea, which he is too ready to cherish, that he confers rather than receives a favor in giving up his child to be educated free of any expense to himself. Of course lines can not at once be too strictly or arbitrarily drawn ; but a beginning has been made. The Indian, however, is not to be restricted in his individual choice, if he has any; and if a youth wishes to go, or a parent wishes to send his child, to any particular school, his wishes will be regarded, unless there should happen to be some imperative reason for doing otherwise. Tlie "outing system" begun at Carlisle, and most successfully oper- ated in that school, is spreading through other nonreservation schools; and even Phrenix, in less than two years from the date of its oi^ening, reports that its boj'S have been employed in neighboring vineyards and its girls in neighboring families, and tluit the demand for domestic help is nuich greater than the school can supply. Carlisle, which has had 621 pupils "out" among farmers and others at different periods during the year, has had requests for twice that number. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 691 RESERVATION BOARDING SCHOOLS. The following- table gives the capacity and date of opening of the Government boarding schools located upon reservations: Table 4. — Location, capacily, and date of opening of Government reservation hoarding schools. Location. Ca- I Date of Arizona: Colorado Kiver Keam's Canon Js'^avajn Agency Pima San Carlos California : Fort Yuma Hoopa Eoiiud Valley Idaho : Fort Hall Tort Lapwai Lemhi Indian Territory : Quapaw Seneca, Shawnee, and Wyandotte . Kansas: Kickapoo Pottawatomie Sac and Fox and Iowa . Minnesota: Leech Lake Pino Point Eed Lake White Earth Wild Ptice Elver . Montana : Blackfeet Crow Fort Belknap . Fort Peck .... Nebraska: Omaha Santee Winnebago Kerada : Pyramid Lake Western Shoshone New ilexico : Moscalero North Dakota: Fort Totten, Whipple Institute. Standing Eock, agency Standing Eock, Agricultural. ... Standing Eock, Little Eagle North Carolina : Eastern Cherokee Oklahoma : Absentee Shawnee. Arapaho Cheyenne. Fort Sill.. Kaw Osage. Otoe . . pacify. 1 opening. Pawnee Ponca Eainy Mountain Eivei-side (Wichita) 100 100 150 140 75 250 45 66 200 200 40 120 150 Mar., 1879 , 1S87 Dec, 1881 Sept., 1881 Oct., 1880 Apr., 1884 Jan. 21, 1893 50 80 * ,1874 Sept., 1886 Sept., 1885 Sept., 1872 June, 1872 30 Oct., 1871 25 , 1873 50 5 1871 °" (iSept., 1875 Nov., 1867 Mar., 1892 50 ! Nov.. 1877 110 ! , 1871 75 ' Mar., 1892 110 Jan., 100 Oct., 110 I Aug., I 1883 1884 1891 1881 75 , 1881 120 Apr., 1874 180 ! Oct., 1874 66 I Nov., 1882 50 Feb. 11, 1893 50 425 '-^ 110 100 75 80 70 100 200 125 Apr., 1884 1874 1891 1877 1878 May, Jan. 1, 1893 ■ May, 1872 Dec, 1875 , 1879 Aug., 1891 gQ 'i;i>ec., 1869 160 80 100 >Aug., 5874 Feb., 1874 Oct., 1875 5 , 18G5 } , 1878 Jan., 1882 100 50 60 I Sept., 1871 Remarks. Eeady to open in Fall of 1893. Begun by Friends as orphan asylum in 1867, under contract with tribe. Iowa. Sac and Fox. Prior to this date a contract school opened in November, 1888. Prior to this date a contract school opened in November, 1888. Buildings burned November, 1891, and September, 1892. ' Previously a semiboarding school. At agencv. At Fort Totten. Eeady to open in Fall of 1893. Prior to this date a contract school opened in 1885. Started under the auspices of the Friends in 1872. In Kansas. In Indian Territory. In Nebraska. Do. In Indian Territory. Eeady to open in Fall of 1893. * It was closed March, 1876, and not reopened until February, 1880. and was removed fi-om the agency to the military buildings at Fort HalL its present location, in the fall of 1883. tin new buildings just approaching completion, to replace building burned in February, 1892. 692 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Tarle 4. — Location, capacitij, and date of opening of Government reservation ioarding schools — Continued. Location. Ca- pacity. Oklahoma — Continued . Sac and Fox Soger Colony "Washita (Kiowa) .. Oregon : Grande Eonde Klamath Siletz Sineniaaho Umatilla Warm Springs Yainax South Dakota: Fort Bennett Forest City Crow Creek Lower Brule Pine Eidge Sisseton Taukton Utah: Ouray Uintah Washington: Neah Bay Chehalia Okanagan Puyallup Quiiiaielt S'Kokomish Yakima Wiscousin: Menomonee Oneida "Wyoming: Shoshone Total 100 75 125 *80 150 90 75 100 CO 100 50 120 110 70 200 125 125 75 80 56 60 60 150 40 60 130 125 80 125 7,558 Date of opening. — , 1868 ^Apr., 1872 Jan. 11,1893 Feb., 1871 Apr., 1874 Feb., 1874 Oct., 1873 Aug., 1882 Jan., 1883 June, 1884 Nov.. 1882 Eemark8. 5 Jan. Apr. 1, Oct., Dec., Feb., 1874 1880 1893 1874 1881 1883 1873 1882 Apr., 1893 Jan., 1881 July, 1868 Jan., 1873 1890 June, 1871 1868 Dec, 1866 1860 1876 Mar. 27,1893 Apr., 1879 In Kansas. In Indian Territory. Girls' school. 1 Boys* school. * Also thirty additional day pupils. tOiiginally Governiueiit buildings, and school largely managed by Episcopalians. New buildings and addition's were erected by Episcopiilians, and o:-igin;\l Government building was worn out and "plant" now belongs to the iiiissionary society which carries on the school. It will be noticed that six of tbe.se boarding schools have been opened dnriiig the past year among the Sionx, Cheyennes and Arapahoes, Western Sboshones, Hoopas, Wisconsin Oneidas, and Utes at Ouray. The last four tribes have never before had a boarding school. The Oneidas showed their appreciation of their new privilege by putting in 59 pupils the first day and by offering in the first six weeks 40 more pupils than the buildings would accommodate. The Hoopa school was established in the vacated military post of Fort Gaston. The Cheyennes and Arapahoes of Seger Colony have fully redeemed the promises which they made as to what they would do if a school ol their own should be given them, so that a school which will poorly accommodate 75 pupils has had, during its six months' existence, an average attendance of GS+ pupils, of wliom 80 per cent had never been in school before. His intercsdng experiment in school discipline as reported by Superintendent Seger, is worth quoting: As the matter of discipline is a, very important factor in an Indian school, it was one of the fir.st things to regulate; and as about 80 per cent of the children had never before been in school and a majority of the parents had never sent children to school, and the children not being able to speak English, all contributed to make the qnestion a difficult one to solve. Kemembering how well the parents had ri sponded to the call for children, I concluded to make use of them in helping to govern the school. AVith this view a meeting was called and all the patrons invited, and the questitu was submitted to them of how best to maintain order and disci- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 693 pliiie, and in the event of any children being uun;ly or disobedient, what punish- ment was best to inflict and to what extent would they support me in enforcing discipline. The matter was discussed freely, there being some who favored expelling scholars who were incorrigible and others being put in their place; while others claimed that none should be expelled, as in so doing it would send to camp the worst chil- dren, those who most need the discipline of the school and who need its influence both constraining and restraining; that if they grew up in camp with nothing to influence their perverse natures, they would not only be of no use to themselves but would be a drawback to those around them. They recommended that the mat- ter of discipline be left wholly to the superintendent, and that if corporal punish- ment was necessary it should be used to the extent necessary to enforce discipline. This sentiment prevailed and was consented to by all present. I attribute the fact that we did not find it necessary to inflict punishment beyond extra duty and denying privileges which would otherwise have been granted, to the children knowing that their parents expected them to obey the rules of the school and would approve of siich punishment as was necessary to accomplish this end. We did not require the discipline we consider would be proper in an older school, yet it improved from the time school began to the close of the terra. As discipline is maintained by observing rules, we resolved that the children should have time to learn them. At Round Valley, Cal., a new building- recently completed replaces one that was burned in July, 1883. A boarding school will be opened tbere this fall for the first time in ten years. A new boarding school building in an outlying settlement on the Standing Eock Eeservation has been erected and a school will be opened there this fall. Tlie same is true of a school ready to be opened at Eainy Mountain, on the Kiowa Eeservation. The only agencies that are now without one or more Government, reservation, boarding schools are Eosebud, Sac and Fox in Iowa, Tongue Eiver, Tulalip, LaPointe, Southern IJte, Mission, Pueblo, and Fort Berthold. The last three might be omitted as they have training schools in such close proximity as to serve the purpose of reservation schools. The Southern Utes will have to be cared for at the Fort Lewis school pending the settlement of the question of their permanent locar tiou. The new Tomah school near the center of Wisconsin gives insuffi- cient help to the many widely separated bands under the La Pointe Agency. The new school at Mount Pleasant does the same for the In- dians of Michigan who are not under any agency. Tulalip and Tongue Eiver are entirely dependent upon a contract school at each agency, the former held in Government buildiugs and the latter in buildings owned by the school. The Sac and Fox Indians in Iowa oppose schools of any sort. The Eosebud Sioux have long complained of their failure to have any boarding school, and repeated promises of one still call for fulfill- ment. Attempts to find a desirable location with farming land and good water have thus far been unsuccessful. The importance of the reservation school can hardly be overesti- mated. To it the large majority of Indian youth will be indebted for whatever knowledge they have of books, of the English language, and of civilized ways of living. Set down in the midst of their homes it is an object lesson for all families on the reservation, puts Indian boys and gills into a new home atmosphere, -^et leaves them in touch with the old home life, and shows them in situ bow to do just the work which they must do after school days are over. With Indians as with white people, the rank and file must stay at home and try to better their con- dition there; the leaders must go away and get all that new conditions, a wider horizon and lofty ideals can yield. The few must be raised to a high plane, and the mass must also feel an uplifting force; then the few will know how to help and the many how to respond. The reservation schools still need strengthening, equipi)ing and 694 PAPERS ACCOMPAIS^ING THE enlarging in a great nianj* directions to enable tliem to do the best and most of which tliey are capable. The Navajoes, for instance, have but one school which will care for only 130 out of their 3,000 children. They are as yet for the most part indiiferent or hostile to scliools; yet tliey are an unusually intelligent people, and their conservatism must yield before long. When it does, a large field will be opened for new educational work. Eosebud has alreadj^ been mentioned. At mauy other poiats an extension of school facilities is called for. The subject of building up reservation schools shall receive my most earnest attention so far as funds for the imrpose shall be furnished by Congress. RESERVATION DAY SCHOOLS. - The increase in day schools during the year has been mainly among the Pine Eidge Sioux. The twenty schools now there and the fifteen at Eosebud, with the numerous and excellent Government boarding and day schools on the other Sioux reservations, and theFlandreau, Pipestone, and Pierre schools in their immediate vicinity, and thecontract schools among the Sioux to whose support the Government contributes, may be considered as at last meeting the requirements of the Sioux treaties, which promised a school and teacher for every 30 children of school age. l!^early half of all the day schools in the Indian service are among the Sioux. The Government is now in a position to demand of these Indians a fulfillment of their part of the pledge. Whatever the limitations and disadvantages of day schools among Indians they have their ardent supporters and their unquestionable usefulness. They are stepping stones both to the boarding schools and the public schools, and can often be established where neither the one nor the other would be practicable. They are small feeders which swell the educational stream. A few day schools have been discontinued. The following table shows the location and capacity of the various Government day schools in oi^eration during the past year: Table 5. — Location and capacity of Government day schools, June 30, 1S93. Arizona: San Carlos, White Mountain Apache 50 California: Bisliop* 65 Greenville* 100 Potter Valley 50 Mission, 8 schools 243 Ronna Valley 40 Ukiah* ....; 40 Iowa : Sac and Fox 40 Michigan: Baraga '50 L'Anse 150 Minnesota: Birch Cooley 36 Montana : Ton;j;ue Kiver 30 Kobraska: Saiitec: Flaudreau 50 Kevada : Kevada: AViids wojth 24 Wi.lker Kiver 2-t New iSlexieo: Pueblo: Cochita 30 Lasuna 40 Now Mexico — Continned. Pueblo — Continued. Zia 25 Santa Clara CO North Carolina: Eastern Cherokee, 4 schools 107 Nortli Dakota : Devils Lake, Turtle Mountain, 3 schools. 150 Standing Rock, S schools 320 Oklahoma : Pouca, etc., Oakland : 20 South Dakota: Forest City, 6 schools 149 Pine Ridire, 20 schools C70 Rosebud, 15 schools 523 Washington : Luinnii 50 Neah Pay, Qaillehuto GO Puyallup": Jamestown* 30 Port Gamble* 35 Wisconsin : Green Bay, 7 schools 320 La Pointe, 7 schools 2(il Utah : Shebit 40 Total capacity .' 3, 792 Total number of schools 102 *Not on a reservation. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 695 Oregon : District 2J"o. 32 4 South Dakota : B3(l Eiver District, Stauley Countv 13 Utah: District No. 12, Portage 41 "Washington : District No. 10, Pierce County 1 District No. 87, King County 8 "Wisconsin: Ashland 15 Round Lake 20 268 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. An "especial effort lias been uiade, and will be contiuiied, to secure tlie admission of Indian clilldren into the public schools. They are provided for iu public schools as follows : Table 6. — Puhlic schools at which Indian j)uinJs ivere ])laced under contract ivith the Indian Bureau during the fiscal year ending June SO, 1803. California: Albion 18 Helm 18 Eound Valley --.--. 30 Minnesota: School District No. 4 C Nebraska : School District No. 1 6 School District No. 10 5 School District No. 87 4 North Dakota: TownsliipNo. 1, St. John 40 Oklahoma : Township 17, E. E. StiUwater, Paj-ne County 40 The total number of Indian pupils provided for in public schools during- the second year of the experment was 212, and dnriug the first year 100. The advantage to the Indian pupils consists not only in the instruction given by the teacher, but also iu what they almost uncon- sciously learn from the white children with whom they associate. If States and counties would interest themselves iu this method of providing" against the raishig of ignorant young heathen in their midst, it would be vastly to their advantage. The ultimate economy of educa- tion needs no argument in this country. States are ready enough to accept Government assistance iu the way of school lands, allowances for their agricultural colleges, etc., and there is no reason why they should not avail themselves of the $12,50 per pupil per quarter (average attendance) offered by the Government for the education of Indians in their common schools. The details required in the way of contracts, reports, vouchers for pay, etc., though somewhat numerous and vex- atious, ought not to deter a school district from trying to put all its youthful Indian population in school: and in sparsely settled white communities, where Indians are most likely to be found, the amount allowed by the Government would be of material assistance to the tax- payeis in the suj>port of their school. i desire to call special attention to the matter, in the belief that this method of extending the public school system over Indian needs only to be understood tobe adopted. What New York has done for years without Government aid ought certainly to be undertaken by other States under present favorable conditions. APPROPRIATIONS FOR EDUCATION. For the first time in several years there is a falling off in the appro- priations for Indian education, as shown by the following table: Table 7. — Annual apjprojrriations made hij the Government since the fiscal year 1S77 for the support of Indian schools. Year. 1877. 1878. 1870 . 1880 . ISSl . 1882. 1883 . 1884. '1885. Appropri- ation. $20, 000 30,000 60, 000 75, 000 75, 000 135, 000 487, 200 675, 200 992, 800 Per cent increase. 50 100 25 80 260 38 47 Year. 1886. 1887 . 1888. 1889 . 1890 . 1801 . 1892 . 1893 . 1894 Appropri- Per cent ation. increase. $1,100,065 10 1,211,415 10 1,179,916 *2. 1.348,015 14 1,304,568 1 1, 8 12, 770 35 2,291,050 24.3 2,315,012 0.9 2, 213, 497 *3.5 ' Decrease. 696 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Last year tlie amount reniaiucd about stationary, beinj? less than 1 per cent greater tLan tlie previous year. The severest restriction for the current year is in tlie item for school buildings, only $20,000 being- allowed for the erection and reiiair of reservation boarding school build- ings. This divided among, say, GOO hundred buildings will not keep them in decent repair, unless wind, fire, flood, time, and active cliildren deal more gently than is tlieir wont. Inasmuck as all tlie schools which were opened or enlarged during last year are expected to have a full complement of pupils throughout the whole of this year, and as some new schools are now ready to be opened this year, it wdl be a diflicult matter to hold the ground gained, and almost impossible to make any advance. Some help in the discussion of ways and means is found in the fact noted in the last report, that the Methodists, Presbyterians, Episcopa- lians, and Congregationalists had taken official action declaring that they would cease asking aid from the Government in the support of Indian schools carried on under their supervision. This has i^artially gone into effect, so that the amount set apart for contract schools dur- ing the current fiscal year is $512,435, being $20,800 less than last year. The following table shows these changes in detail: Table 8. — Amounts set apart for various religious bodies for Indian education for each of the fiscal years 1SS7 to 1894, inclusive. Koman Catholic Presbyterian Congregational Martinsbiirg, Pa Alaska Training School. . . Episcoi)al Friends Mennonito Middletown, Cal Unitarian Lutheran, AVittenberg, Wis Methodist Mrs. L. H. Daggett Miss noward Appropriation lor Lincoln Institution Appropriation for Hamp- ton Institute Total . 1887. $194, 6ri5 37, 910 20, 696 10, 410 4,175 1,890 27, 845 3, 340 1, 523 1,350 1888. $221, 109 36, 500 26, OSO 7,500 4,175 3,090 14, 460 2,500 33, 400 20, 040 5,400 1,350 33, 400 20, 040 1889. $347, 672 41, 825 29, 310 (*) 18, 700 23, 383 3,125 5,400 4,050 2, 725 275 33, 400 20, 040 1890. 5350, 957 47, C50 28, 459 24, 876 23, 383 4,3'% 5,400 7,500 9,940 600 33, 400 20, 040 303, 214 376, 204 529, 905 562, 640 1891. 1892. 1893. $303, 349 44,850 27, 271 29,910 24, 743 4,375 5,400 9,180 6,700 $394, 756 44, 310 29, 146 .$375, 845 30, 090 25, 736 23, 220 24, 743 4,375 1,000 33, 400 20, 040 5,400 16, 200 13, 980 2,000 33, 400 20, 040 570, 218 611, 570 4,860 10, 020 3,750 5,400 15, 120 to. 480 2,500 33, 400 20, 040 533, 241 1894. $378, 345 30, 090 6, 250 7, 020 10, 020 3,750 5,400 15, 120 3,000 33, 400 20, 040 512, 435 *I)iscontinned. t This contract was made in 1892 with the Board of Home Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Cliurch. As tliat organization did not wish to make any contracts for 1893 the contract was renewed with Mrs. Daggett. Of the total, $512,435, the sum of $177,790 is specially appropriated by Congress to be devoted to specified schools. Another reduction in ex])ense for the year has been made by dis- pensing with the services of the six district supervisors of education and the special agent for the Indian school service. One general school supervisor has been substituted, and possibly another may be found advisable. Tlie work of school supervison is now done by the super- intendent of Indian schools, assisted by the general supervisor, and by Indian inspectors and special agents who are constantly going about among the reservations and can give attention to school as well as agency matters. In making my estimates for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, I have asked only for such appropriations as are absolutely required for EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 697 the support of the Indian school service. The aggregate is $2,159,000, and in my opinion any reduction in the amounts asked for will to just that extent reduce the efficiency of the service and retard its progress. MODIFICATION OF CIVIL SERVICE RULES. Under an Executive order issued in the summer of 1891, the opera- tion of the civil-service law was extended over physicians, teachers, matrons, and school superintendents in the Indian service. This in- cludes not only the superintendents who carry on schools where the Indian agents are responsible for the school property and expenditures, but also bonded superintendents — those Avho have entire responsibility, under heavy bonds, for everything connected with their schools, includ- ing financial management and property interests. The proper conduct of everything pertaining to the clothing, feeding, housing, and instruct- ing of from 100 to 500 girls and boys calls for very large executive ability, business capacity and experience, and general knowledge of affairs, in addition to the qualifications for strictly educational work usually expected of a school suijeriutendent. Lack of business man- agement is ordinarily the weak point of bonded superintendents who fail. A certification from the Civil Service Commission of names on the eligible list gives no information whatever as to the capacity of the persons certified for conducting business affairs and I question if any system of written competitive examinations could be relied upon to furnish information of such a character. In view of the absolute neces- sity that superintendents of bonded schools, especially the large non- reservation schools, should be men of unusual force of character and business capacity, and in view of the inadequacy of a civil-service exami- nation to indicate such qualifications, I am of the opinion that the good of the service will be promoted by removing bonded school superinten- dents from the operation of the civil-service law — so that such superin- tendents may be selected solely by reason of their fitness for the difii- cult and peculiar duties which will be imposed upon them, instead of being gauged by their rank in a pedagogical examination. SCHOOL EXHIBIT OF INDIAN BUREAU AT THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. The plan outlined in the last report for the exhibit of this Bureau at the Columbian Exposition has been carried out in most of its details. Afterconsiderable difficulty in obtaining bids within the amount allowed for the purpose, and after cutting down exi^ense in every possible way, atwo-storyframebuilding, withoutornamentation, and as inexpensive as was consistent with safety of construction, was erected on the Ex^^osition grounds near the Anthropological Building. It was planned to accom- modate 30 pu])ils and half a dozen employes. It has school room, din- ing room, kitchen, dormitory, sitting rooms, and industrial rooms; is plainly furnished; and in it since the 15th of May, delegations of Indian boys and girls, accompanied by their instructors, have cooked, eaten, slept, worked, and recited. They bring their own tools, implements, bedding, specimens of school-room work and products of their shops, and, as far as circumstances permit, carry out and exemplify the routine and methods prevailing in their respective schools. Allowing for the peculiar surroundings, the aim has been to give a lair representation on a small scale of an Indian boarding schovi Even its lack of some 698 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE conveniences and of needed space, notably in its scliool room, miglit be considered an added realistic touch. The schools thus occupying the building at Chicago are Albu- querque, N. Mex.; Rensselaer, Ind. ; Lincoln Institution, Philadelphia; Lawrence, Kans. ; Genoa, Nebr.; Chilocco, Okla., and Osage, Okla., ■which in the order named have been assigned periods varying from eighteen days to four weeks. Eensselaer and Lincoln Institution hot being Government schools, met their own expenses, being allowed only the use of the building. Other such schools were offered a similar opportunity, but felt obliged to decline it on account of the exi^ense. The interest manifested in this exhibit has been even greater than was anticipated. Located as it is near the wickiups, teepes, wigwams, and bark huts, in which Indian families from d liferent tribes try to reproduce the varying phases of fast-disai)pearing aboriginal life, and not far from the remains of prehistoric races shown in the Anthropo- logical Building, it presents a most striking contrast. It sets forth the future of the Indian, as they set forth his past. It shows con- cretely and unmistakably his readiness and ability for the new con- ditions of civilized life and American citizenship upon which he is entering. Indian youth actually at the school-room desk, the work bench, the kitchen stove, and the sewing machine, and surrounded by most creditable displays of the products of their own handiwork, are plain facts not to bo disjiuted, even though they fail to fit cherished theories as to what the race is or is not capable of. The brass bands accompanying some of the schools have greatly added to the interest of their respective exhibits, and to most visitors the proficiency of the Indian musicians has been a surprise. The number of visitors at the Indian School Building is constantly increasing, and now averages over 110,000 a week. In fact, it has taxed the capacity of the small building by reaching 25,000 in a day. Indian school work is still further presented at the Exposition by an excellent display, literary and industrial, from the Carlisle School, w^hieh occupies an alcove among the other educational exhibits in the building of manufactures and liberal arts. It easily bears compari- son with similar exhibits from other institutions, and gains only fav- orable comment from its visitors, many of whom may be considered as exi^erts in technical education. Tliese two are the only exhibits at Chicago for which this Bureau is responsible. The small fund allowed rendered it impracticable to try to branch out in any other direction than educational work. More- over, as has already been said, the presentation of the Indians in primitive conditions was properly the province of the anthropological dex)artment, and for this Bureau to have attempted anything in that line would have unnecessarily, and, therefore, unwisely, duplicated exhibits. Over Indians on the Exposition grounds, other than those connected with its two exhibits, this office has no jurisdiction whatever. It has merely granted permission for Indians to leave their reserva- tions and be present at the Fair upon the request of the director of the department of anthropology. Of course ui)on the schools rei^resented at Chicago, and especially ujwn the more than 225 pupils making up the school delegations, the Exiiosition has a most stimulating effect. But its influence has been made much more far-reacliing by providing that every Government school, boarding and day, shoukl have an opportunity to disi)lay some of its work in the Chicago building. Each school has been asked to REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 699 send a book containing six specimens eacli of composition, maps, draw- ings, aritlimetic x)apers, and kindergarten work, with some needlework, and articles made by boys, each paper or article having attached the name, age, and tribe of the child making it. This has aroused enthusi- asm and healthy competition, and the contributions of the various schools have been highly creditable. A delegation of 322 boys and girls from the Ciirlisle School, with its band of 31 instruments, made a noticeable feature of the Columbian parade in Xew York on the 10th of October, 1892, and won many flat- tering newspaper notices. Ten days later 305 of the Carlisle boys, including the band, won similar approval for their part in the opening ceremonies parade at Chicago. Divided into ten platoons of two ranks each, each i)latoou represented one of the industries carried on at school, the front rank bearing the tools and imx)lements of the trade, the rear rank bearing the manufactured products. An interesting description of these displays, with quotations from the newspapers, are included in Capt. Pratt's report herewith, p. 148. Capt. Pratt has also arranged to have over 500 Carlisle pupils spend four days at the Fair the first week in October, and the choir of 80 voices and the band will be given oppor- tunities in the music halls to show what they can do. Altogether, it is safe to say that Indian pupils throughout the coun- try have taken a lively and intelligent interest in the celebration of the discovery of the land of their forefathers, and that few classes of people have participated in it to a larger extent proi)ortionally than the Indian race. INDIAN SCHOOL SITES. In the last annual report, pp. 879-897, there was given a history of the lands assigned to twenty-five Indian schools, with description of titles. Similar information in regard to the lands of the schools at Fort Shaw, in Montana; Fort Sill and Pawnee, in Oklahoma ,• Grand Junc- tion, in Colorado, and Umatilla, in Oregon, will be found in this report, pp. 469 to 474. As rapidly as the lands assigned for the use of other Indian boarding schools are definitely designated by section, township, and range, or other boundaries, and are api^roved by the Department, a description of them will be prepared and published as a permanent record for convenient reference. ALLOTMENTS. The progress made in allotment work since the last annual report is as follows : On reservations. — To the following Indians the patents issued last year have been delivered : Claeyennes and Arapalioes in Oklahoma 3, 294 Citizen Pottawatouiies in Oklahoma 1/363 Absentee Shawuees in Oklahoma 561 Patents have been issued and delivered to the following Indians: Pottawatomies in Kansas 115 Senecas in Indian Territory 301 Eastern Shawnees in Indian Territory 48 Sac and Fox in Kansas and Nebraska 76 Oneidas in Wisconsin 1, 500 700 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Patents have been issued, but not delivered, to the following Indians: Sisseton and Walipetou Sioux in North Dakota and South Dakota 1, 339 Medawakaiiton, etc., Sioux on Devil's Lake Reservation, in North Dakota 776 Tonka R'as in Oklahoma 73 Allotments have been approved by this ofifice and the Department, and patents are now being i^repared in the General Land Oftice for the following Indians: Pottawatomies in Kansas 150 Pawnees in Oklahoma 820 Umatillas, Caynses, and Walla Wallas in Oregon 893 Klamath River Indians in California 161 Schedules of the following allotments have been received in this office, but have not yet been finally acted upon : lo was in Kansas and Nebraska 142 Nez Percys in Idaho 1, 699 Medawakanton, etc., Sioux in North Dakota 356 Indians on Siletz Reservation, in Oregon 536 Work is progressing in the field as follows : Ponca and Otoe reservations in Oklahoma. Warm Springs Reservation in Oregon. On July 15 last the allotting agent reported that 674 out of 800 allotments had been made. Yakama Eeservation in Washington, nearly completed. Moqui Eeservation in Arizona. This is referred to more jiarticularly on page 93. Pottawatomie and Kickai)00 reservations in Kansas. Allotment work among the Prairie band of Pottawatomies in Kansas is in a rather unsatisfactory condition. The special agent instructed Fe'b- ruary 9, 1891, to make allotments to them and to the Kickapoos, had succeeded up to August 1, 1893, in making allotments to only 278 out of about 500 Pottawatomies. The delay is owing to the opposition of the turbulent element of the band, led by Wahquohboshkuck and others. Every means has been emploj^ed to overcome this opposition, but so far it has been unavailing, and it is possible that assignments of land will have to be made to those who persist in their refusal to make selections, such assignments being authorized by section two of. the general allotment act. Chippewa reservations in Minnesota. The condition of allotment work among the Chippewas is given in detail on page 34. Lower Brule Reservation in South Dakota. Mission reservations in California. Allotments have been com- pleted in the field on the Rincon, Potrero, and Pala reservations. Patents have been issued for fourteen of thirty-three reservations selected for these Indians by the commission appointed under the act of January 12, 1891 (26 Stats., 712). Addition to Hoopa Valley Reservation in California. Authority has been obtained for nniking allotments on the Rosebud Eeservation in South Dakota, but no special agent has yet been appointed or designated for the work. Instructions were prepared and submitted to the Department on the 22d of March last, for the gnidance of a special agent to be appointed to make allotments to the Kicka])oo Indians in Oklahoma, under the agreement with said Indians, ratified by the act of March 3, 1893 (27 Stats., 557). Moses Neal, esq., has been appointed to make the allot- ments. REPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 701 Surveys are in progress on the Pine Eidge and Standing Eock Eeservatious in ISTortli Dakota and Soutli Dakota. Previously to the present year surveys were recommended to be made on the Fort Hall Eeservation in Idaho, the Klamath Eeservation in Oregon, and the Makah and Quinaielt Eeservatious in Washington. Eeturns of the ' surveys of nine townships in the Klamath Eeservation have been received in the General Laud Office, where they are now pending, awaiting critical office examination, in connection with the report of the special agent who made an examination in the field of said surveys. This office has no information as to the i)rogress of the surveys on the other reservations above named. To Nonreservation Indians.— The act of March 3, 1891 (26 Stats., 9S9), authorizes and directs the Secretary of the Interior to apply the bal- ance of the sum carried upon the books of the Treasury Department under the title of homesteads for Indians, in the employment of allot- ting agents, and payment of their necessary expenses to assist Indians in securing homes upon the public domain under section 4 of the general allotment act 'of February 8, 1887 (24 Stats., 388). Michael Piggott, of Illinois, having been appointed by the President as special allotting agent, was instructed on August 10, 1891, to begin the work of allotments in the vicinity of Eedding, Cal. He made, before his resignation, April 30, 1893, 1,14D allotments to nonreser- vation Indians, located ia California, Oregon, and Nevada, 612. of which have been made since the i^ublication of the last annual re^iort of this office. Of the allotments made by Agent Piggott, 453 have been considered by this office, reported to and approved by theDei)art- ment. The remainder (687) will be reported for your consideration and approval as soon as certain applications corresponding thereto shall have been forwarded to this office by the General Land Office. Bernard Arntzen, of Illinois, has been appointed as the successor of M;\ Piggott. He was instructed July 17, 1893, to proceed to Carson City, Nev., to resume the work begun by his predecessor, and as the field is large and the Indians are anxious for homes, and willing to accept allotments under said fourth section, good results are exjiected from his labors. The special allotting agent on duty in this office has made, since the last annual report was published, 338 allotments under said section four. These were recently transmitted to the Department, and approved by the Acting Secretary May 11, 1893. There are now on file in this office 100 ai)i)lications for allotments under said fourth section. These will receive attention, and the allotments, when completed, will be transmitted to the Dex^artment. CONTESTS AGAINST INDIAN HOMESTEADS AND ALLOT- MENTS. By the provisions of section 15 of an act approved March 3, 1875 (18 Stats., 420), and of the Indian homestead act of July 4, 1884 (23 Stats., 96), together with the provisions contained in the fourth section of the general allotment act approved February 8, 1887 (24 Stats., 388), as amended by act of February 28, 1891 (27 Stats., 794), nonreservation Indians are afforded ample opportunities and facilities for making entries upon the public lands with a view of obtaining x)er- mauent homes thereon. 702 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE lu view of tlie fact that the public domain is rapidly disappearing, contests against Indian entries have become frequent. The endeavor of this office to defend Indians against contests initiated by whites and to save to them their liomes has shown that, in most cases, the Indians are too poor to defray the expenses incurred in such iDroceed- iugs, and are ignorant of the regulations and laws governing in such matters. This and the growing necessity that Indians should bo located in permanent homes led the Department to ask Congress to make an appropriation of $5,000 "to pay the legal costs incurred by Indians in contests initiated by or against them to any entry, filing, or other claims, under the laws of Congress relating to public lands, for any sufficient cause afiecting the legality or validity of the entry, filing, or claim." The appropriation asked for was made by clause contained in tlie Indian appropriation act appn>ved March 3, 1893 (27 Stats., 612). It contains the provision, however, that the fees to be i)aid by and on behalf of the Indian party shall be one-half of the fees provided by law in such cases. It also provides that "in all States and Territories where there are reservations or allotted Indians the United States district attorney shall represent them in all suits at law and in equity." With the new legislation now in force it is believed that this office will be better able to protect the interests of the Indians, and to secure to them the rights to which they are entitled under the laws of the United States. LEASING INDIAN LANDS. The third section of the act of Congress approved February 28, 1891 (2(5 Stats., 794), authorizes the leasing of botli allotted and unallotted or tribal Indian lands. Said section is' as follows : Skc. 3. That whenever it shall be made to appear to the Secretary of the Interior that, by reason of age or other disability, any allottee under the provisions of said act or any other act or treaty can not personally and with benefit to himself occupy or improve his allotmeuti or anj' part thereof, the same may be leased upon such terms, regulations, and conditions as shall be prescribed by such Secretary for a term not exceeding three years for farming or grazing or ten j^ears for mining pur- poses: Provided, That where lands are occupied by Indians who have bought and paid for the same, and which lands are not needed for farming and agricultural ])ixr- poses, and are not desired for individual allutnieuts, the same may be leased by authority of the council speaking for such Indians for a period not to exceed five years for grazing or ten years for mining purposes, in such quantities and upon such terms and conditions as the agent in charge of such reservation may recom- mend, subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Interior. ALLOTTED LANDS. The policy of the Government in the allotment act and in the other acts and treaties i)roviding for allotments in severalty was, as viewed by this office, to lead the Indian into habits of self-support and to fit him for citi/xMiship. The consensus of opinion of those most familiar with Indian affairs seems to be that these much-desired ends can better be accomplished through allotment of land in severalty than in any other wa5^ An allotment in severalty, however, is but an opportunity of which the Indian must take advantage. If he lias no desire to better his condition at the cost of personal exertion and through the means thus opened u]) to him and can not be made to appreciate the benefits conferred on him, but little good will have been accomj)lislied by the allotment. The object is to make hiui feel a personal interest in a par- ticular i)iece of land j to have him learn by its cultivation with the labor REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 703 of liis own Lands how to gain abetter snbsistence than lie has previonsly enjoyed, and at the same time acquire the arts of civilization and learn the means of self-suiiport thereby. But to permit the indiscriminate leasing of allotted lands would defeat the i)urpose for which allotments are made; so the law provides that the allottee will not be permitted to lease his lands until he shall have made it appear to the Secretary of the Interior that "by reason of age or other disability" he can not. personally, and with benefit to him- self, occupy or improve his allotment. There are cases, however, where '•by reason of age or other disability" the allottee should be j)ermitted to lease his lands, and to meet these exceptional cases the provision authorizing the leasing of allotted lands was enacted. The matter of leasing allotted lands has been placed largely in the hands of Indian agents in charge of the agencies where allotments in severalty have been made. Hence, api^lications to lease allotted lands should be made direct to the agent in charge ef the reservation in which the allotted lands are situated. Each application is considered individ- ually, and it must be determined tbat the applicant clearly comes within the provisions of the law before authority will be granted him to lease his allotment. An allottee is held to be one who has a trust-patent for his lands, or one whose allotment has been approved by the Secretary of the Interior. Agents are exjiressly directed that it is not intended to authorize the making of any lease by an allottee who possesses the necessary physical and mental qualifications to enable him to cultivate his allotment either personally or by hired help. All leases under the above law must be executed in triplicate on blank forms furnished by this office, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, and must be acknowledged before the Indian agent and ap- IDroved by the Secretary of the Interior. For the information of Indian agents, this office has formulated a set of rules and regulations to be observed in the execution of leases of Indian allotments, which were approved by the Secretary of the Interior on -February 8, 1892, UNALLOTTED OR TRIBAL LANDS. It is to be observed that the above law provides for leasing tribal or unallotted lands only in cases where the lands in question are occupied by Indians who have "bought and paid for the same." At the request of this office for instructions as to whether or not the Omaha Indians could lawfully lease their unallotted lands for grazing purposes, the Assistant Attorney-General for the Interior Department gave an opinion, dated January 11, 1892, which covers the question as to what Indians can be held to have "bought and paid for" the lands which they occupy. In that opinion he says: It is very clear that Congress iuteuded by this act to confer upon the Indijius and upon the DepartuK^nt powers which they did not tlieretofore possess, and the pro- visions of this section are clear and unambiguous. The parties who may lease lands are Indians who have "bought and jiaid for" the same. Congress was legislating with reference to those Indians who have, under treaty or otherwise, become pos- sessors or owners of certain specific tracts or bodies of lands by purchase or ex- change or surrender of other property, in contradistinction to those Indians who aro occupying reservations created by Executive order or legislative enactment. The words "bought and paid for" do not, in my opinion, imply that the consideration for the lands must have been cash in hand jiaid by the Indians, but rather that tlie words Avere used in their ordinary and usual acceptation, and signify a i)urchase either by the payment of money or by exchange of or surrender of other jiropert^" or possessions. 704 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE This office has authorized leasing of tribal lands only in cases where the reservation lands were clearly occupied by Indians who had "bought and paid for the same," within the meaning of the law as above construed. TAXATION BY LOCAL AUTHOEITIES. On property of licensed traders and Goverrwient employes on Indian reservations. — In a report of January 30, 1893, Samuel -L. Patrick, United States Indian agent, Sac and Fox Agency, Okla., asked for instructions on the question whether the Territorial authorities could come upon the Sac and Fox Eeservation and assess and collect taxes from licensed traders and Government employes residing and doing business and emploj^ed on such reservation, stating that Keokuk, who is an Indian and a licensed trader, wished to know his status with resjiect to that question. Before answering the question propounded, the office instructed Agent Patrick, February 20, 1893, to report whether taxes had been assessed and collected, or attemjjt made to assess and collect them, on the property of the parties referred to in his letter; and, if so, to state sj^ecitically whose and what property on the reservation had iDcen so taxed, etc. In reply, Mr. Patrick reported, March 2, 1893, that the specific case of taxation on the reservation involving property of licensed traders was that of Keokuk, who was a licensed trader doing business on the quarter section of land upon which the agency is located; that his buildings and improvements were erected with funds received from the Government as annuities, surplus land funds, etc.; that the township assessor requested him to list his property on the reservation, which he refused to do until the legal status of the question was known ; and that he was assessed at the sum of $2,000, which included his build- ings, stock in trade, and other property. As to the taxation of Gov- ernment emi^loyes on the reservations he reported that the agency and school employes had been taxed on all furniture in their rooms, bed- ding, ornaments, watches, etc. By an agreement which was ratified by Congress February 13, 1891 (2G Stat., 749), the Sac and Fox Indians, occupying a reservation within the Territory of Oklahoma, agreed to take allotments in severalty, and to cede the surplus lands of their reservation to the United States, reserving, however, 640 acres for school and school farm, and 100 acres for Government agency purposes. The G40 acres reserved for school and school farm are located in sections 15, 10, and 22, and are contiguous to the quarter section reserved for agency purposes, which is the SE. ^ of sec. 21, T. 14 IST., E. 6 E., a tract reserved by the following language, which appears in article 1 of the agreement above referred to, viz : rrovided, however, That the quarter section of land on wliicli is now located tlie Sac and Fox Agency shall not pass to the United States by this cession, conveyance, transfer, surrender, and relinquishment, but shall remain the property of said Sac and Fox Nation to the full extent that it is now the property of said nation, subject only to the rights of the United States therein by reason of said agency being located thereon, aiul subject to the rights, legal and equitable, of those persons that are now ocated thereon. This quarter section, therefore, remained after the agreement in the same status it formerly occupied; that is, it remained an Indian, reserva- tion. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 705 The question submitted by Agent Patrick, tlien, bad a more impor- tant and far-reacbing signiflcance tban simply tbe taxing by the author- ities of Oklahoma, of Keokuk's stock of goods and buildings located upon this tract, and of the watches, beds, and other personal effects held thereon by the school and agency emx)loyes stationed there by the Government. It involved the right of local authorities to enter upon Indian reservations and lay a tax on a means or instrumentality used by the United States in the performance of a duty belonging to the Government. I believe no question would be raised as to agency and school employes stationed on an Indian reservation being a part of the means or instrumentality used by the Government in the administra- tion of Indian affairs. So, likewise, is the licensed Indian trader a means or instrumentality adopted by the Government to control the trade and intercourse of the whites with the Indian tribes. Through these means also the Indians are protected so far as the situation will admit against traffic in intoxicating liquor, and against having to pay exorbitant prices for necessary purchases. In view of its importance, as involving a principle affecting every employe of the Indian service and licensed traders stationed and doing business on reservations not excepted from the jurisdiction of the State or Territory in which they aie located, the question propounded by Agent Patrick was submitted for the consideration of the Department in a report of Ajiril 25, 1893, by this office. In its reply of May 5, 1893, the Department transmitted the following opinion of the Assistant Attorney-General for the Interior Department, in which it occurred: They [the authorities of Oklahoma] acqiiired no right to assess or tax the prop- erty ou tlie agency reservation under the organic act, because to do so would impose a duty \ipon the person and a burden upon the property rights of the Indians, and as the said authorities are Avithout powers outside of said act, it is my opinion that the question of the Commissioner must be answered in the negative. ]\Iay 10, 1893, this office instructed Agent Patrick agreeably with this opinion. On improvements and otJiet^ property of Indian allottees. — In his report relative to the question of taxation of the property of Keokuk and Government employes above discussed. Agent Patrick also stated that the Indians under his agency who had been allotted land had been "assessed on all personal property in their possession, including build- ings, fences, plowed grounds, wells," etc. Ue stated further that this mode of assessing and taxing Indians had prevented them from mak- ing improvements, had caused many to scatter and leave the reserva- tions, had prevented others that were away from returning, and had generally demoralized them; also, that the excessive valuation put upon property, and the rate of taxation, nearly 5 per cent, was a bad feature in the case and discouraging to the Indians. With respect to this question Agent Patrick was instructed by this office April 20, 1893, that improvements of a iiermanent character made on allotments such as houses, fences, broken ground, etc., are a part of the realty; that while the allotments made to the Indians of his agency were so made in accordance with the provisions of agreements with the various tribes, they are held in trust by the United States for the use and benefit of the allottees for the period of twenty-five years, at the expiration of which period they are to be patented in fee to them dis- charged of the trust and free of all charges or incumbrances whatso- ever. He was notified that in an opinion by the Attorney-General, Ab. 93 45 70G PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE dated July 27, 1888 (19 Opinions, 161), it was held that lauds allotted to Indians under various acts of Congress — are exempt from State or Territorial taxation upon the ground above stated with reference to the act of 1884, namely, that the lands covered by the act are held by the United States for the period of twenty-five years in trust for the Indians, such trust being an agency for the exercise of a Federal power, and therefore outside the province of State or Territorial authority; and that as improvements of a permanent character made on the allot- ments are a part of the lands it would follow under the Attorney-Gen- eral's opinion that they arc not taxable by the authorities of the Terri- tory of Oklahoma. With regard to the taxing of i)ersonal property of Indian allottees, such as stock, household furniture, and the like, by local authorities, respecting which the office has received numerous inquiries from all parts of the country, it has been uniformly held, and the office has so advised its correspondents, that however it might be as to the right of a State or Territory to assess or tax personal property of Indian allot- tees, acquired by purchase or inheritance, whatever articles may l)e issued to them by the Grovernment are exempt from taxation, and iu case of horses or cattle, such ruling applies also to their increase. CASH PAYMEi^TS TO INDIAl^S. During last year over $3,000,000 was i>aid in cash to Indians other than the Five Civilized Tribes in fulfillment of treaty stipulations, as interest on funds held in trust for them on account of lands relinquished to the Government and for other debts due them by the Government, for labor x)erformed and supplies furnished by them, etc., as follows : Fulfilling treaties, interest, etc $2, 096, 064 For services and for articles purchased from Indians 975, 147 Total 3,071,211 So far as this office has learned all the pei; capita payments were made in a satisfactory manner, except that some complaint has been received in regard to deduction of fees by an attorney, who it appears claims to have contracts with the Indians, which they are inclined to repudiate. This matter is now under investigation. The above $2,096,064 includes $30,000 paid to the Santee Sioux, which is referred to more particularly on page 95. The $975,147 paid to the Indians for services and supi)lies was earned by them in the following manner: Kegular Indian employds at agencies $108, 700 Regular Indian emi)loy(^s at schools 91, 691 Irregular Indian employ^^s at agencies 55, 500 Irregular Indian emiiloy6s at schools 37, 956 Additioiial farmers 13, 700 Interpreters 17, 700 Police 115, 500 Judges of Indian courts 12, 300 Hauling supplies 105, 800 Produce, hay, and other supplies purchased from Indians 266, 300 Cutting and banking logs about 150, 000 Total 975,147 This sum stands for no small amount of labor on the part of the Indians, and is, of course, of vastly greater benefit to the recipients than woidd be a much largersumpaidto them without exacting any labor equivalent. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 707 FIELD MATEOXS. The first recog-nitiouby CongTessof the need and propriety of having persons paid by the Government to instruct Indians in civilized pur- suits is contained in the act of March 3, 1819. It appropriates $10,000 for the purpose and authorizes the President of the United States — In every case Avhere he shall judge improvemeut in the habits and condition of such Indians practicable and that the means of instruction can be introduced with their oAvn consent to employ capable persons of good moral character to instruct them in the modes of agriculture suited to their situations; and for teaching^ their children in reading, Avriting, and arithmetic, and performing such other duties as may bo enjoined, according to such rules and instructions as the President may give and pro- scribe for the regulation of their conduct in the discharge of their duties. Subsequently many of the treaties with Indian tribes contained special provisions for the employment not only of farmers but also of blacksmiths, carpenters, millers, and other mechanics, who should both furnish Indian tribes the services needed in their respective lines, and also instruct Indian men to do such work for themselves. It was readily recognized that an Indian man could not be exjjected to plow a furrow, put up a house, shoe a horse, or manage a sawmill without continued and careful instruction. The Indian woman, however, was left to work out as best she could the problem of exchanging a tepee or wigwam for a neat, comfortable^, and well-ordered home according to civilized standards. Even without a teacher the Indian man could learn much of farming, for instance, by watching his white neighbor; but the Indian woman had little chance to observe the methods of the housekeeper near her. The result naturally was that into the one-roomed log houses were taken the habits of out-of-door life — irregular meals, rarely washed cook- ing" utensils and clothes, an assortment of dogs, a general distribution among corners and on the floors of bedding and i)ersonal belongings, and a readiness to consider the floor a not inconvenient substitute for bed- steads, tables, and chairs. Open fires and ventilation gave place to the vitiated atmosi)here of a close room overheated by a box stove. The occasional cleaning of house and grounds, which was previously effected by the removal of the house itself to another spot, being no longer prac- ticable, accumulations of refuse gathered both inside and out. Dirt, disease, and degradation were the natural consequences. It is no won- der that Indians sometimes fail to take kindly to civilization j)resented in such guise, especially if, as is often the case, the floors are earth and the dirt roof leaks; nor that the "retiu-ned students" recoil from the squalid home, deprived of the freedom, fiiscination, and quasi dignity of a roving life. The Indian woman has the conservatism and the subservience to custom of her sex. She also has the readiness to sacrifice her own feel- ings for the sake of her children, and will do whatever she realizes to be for their good. Her fingers are deft with the needle, and she will dress her children like those of her white neighbor if she knows how. She wants to give them the best of care in youth and in illness if some one will only show her what is best and help her to it; but she is bound and thwarted by ignorance, poverty, and long-established tribal custom. Of course in all Indian boarding schools girls are instructed in the various branches of housekeeping; but unless a comi)aratively large number from one locality remain in school for a considerable number of years it is unreasonable to expect, though it is often demanded, that on their return they shall si^eedily and unaided reform the home life of their 708 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE families and even tlieir ncigiiborlioocls. Moreover, a large school lias routine arrangements; subdivision of labor is closely marked out, daily tasks are regularly assigned, and what is needful for the work is sup- plied to the ^yorker. At- home, school training and habits must be adapted to the varying conditions and emergencies of housekeeping, where food sui^plies are scanty and irregular, ordinary household appli- ances are wanting, and even the water may be poor in quality and lacking in quantity. The courage, industry, ingenuity, economy, patience, and i)erseverance which the situation calls for ought not to be expected of a girl who has spent only some three to six of her sixteen to eighteen years among civilized surroundings. Indian girls do some- times fail, and white girls would be expected to fail, under such circum- stances. The need of outside help at just this point has long been recognized by missionary societies, and no small proportion of the neat and well- ordered homes which are found among Indians are due to the labors in this direction j>ut forth by devoted missionaries of all denominations residing upon the reservations. With the exception of an item in the Sioux treaty of 18G8, which pro- vided $500 annually for a matron, and one in the Chippewa treaty of 1805, which gave $1,000 annually to pay for the " teaching of Indian girls in domestic economy," the Government made no provision for this sort of work until upon the urgent request of this office and the peti- tions of j)hilanthropists. Congress made the following appropriation in the Indian appropriation act of March 3, 1891 : To euabletlae Commissioner of Indian Affaii's to employ suitable persons as matrons to teach Indian girls in housekeeping and other liousehold duties at a rate not exceeding $60 per month, $2,500. For last year, and for the current fiscal year, the appropriation was increased to $5,000. This "will keep only seven matrons at work; but small as is the field which they can cover, and intangible as are many of its results, their work is of great value in hastening Indian civiliza- tion and putting it upon the right basis, which is the home basis. During the three years of their employment, field matrons have been assigned to the following tribes: Yakamas, Cheyeunes, and Arapahoes, Mission Indians, Poncas in Nebraska, Mexican Kickapoos, Sioux, Navajoes, and Moquis, the aim being to place them mainly among tribes who have received or are about to receive allotments, and who are endeavoring to adopt new modes of living. Their duties were detailed in the last report and cover everything connected with domestic work, sewing, care of children, nursing the sick, improvement of house and premises, organizing of societies for mental, moral, and social advancement of old and young, and in fact anything which women of good judgment, quick sympathies, fertility of resource, large practical experience, abundant energy and sound health can find to do among an ignorant, superstitious, poor, and con- fiding people. Kindly house to house visitation, with practical lessons then and there of how to do what needs to be done, is the method employed, coupled with much hospitality and frequent gatherings in the home of the field matron, which home serves always as an object lesson, and often as a refuge. Perhaps to no one more than the much talked of '^ returned student" does the field matron come with needed help just when the downpull of the camp is struggling with the memory of elevating school influ- ences. Her neat home, her moral encouragement, her mental stimulus, may come in at just the critical point to i)revent " relai^siug," which REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 709 usually comes from disliearteument. From a financial standpoint tlie " saving " in tliis way of only one or two students in a year would cover the cost of tlie matrons' salary if the expense of education is looked upon merely as a money investment. I am so convinced of the valuable, though, as I have said, the often intangible, results of the work of a faithful field matron that I heartily recommend the renewal of the apiiropriation for such service. Of course from a salary of $G0 per month a matron can not provide herself with the needed small house for headquarters, a horse to enable her to visit distant families or camps, food and medicine for the sick, sewiug materials of all sorts, and household appliances to be distrib- uted in destitute homes. In some cases these are furnished from agency supplies, but more often they have been provided by x^rivate charity whose interest has been quickly enlisted in this practical method of elevating the condition of Indian women. 'S> SALE OF LIQUOE TO INDIANS. Perhaps the most serious difiiculty arising out of whisky drinking by Indians which has been brought to the notice of this office during the year, is the accidental shooting of an Indian by the physician and overseer in charge of the subagency on the Leech Lake Eeservation attached to the White Earth Agency, Minn. The correspondence shows that after a per capita payment had been made to the Indians last May, they obtained a large quantity of alcohol and whisky and assembled at a remote i^oint on the reservation where they remained for several days drinking and carousing. Dr. Walker, the physician, havingbeen advised that a new supply of whisky was to be brought on the reservation, intercepted an Indian who had in his possession a valise which the doctor believed to contain whisky in bottles. As the Indian assumed a threatening manner, the doctor drew his revolver hoping thus to intimidate him, and the doctor says that the weapon was accidentally discharged inflicting a slight flesh wound in the face of the Indian. The shooting so incensed the Indians that it was found necessary to send troops to the reservation to prevent them from killing Dr. Walker and destroying Government property, and Dr. Walker was placed under arrest by the United States marshal. From last reports, which were received through military channels, it seems that the Indians are now quiet and no further trouble is anticipated. Much trouble has arisen at reservations in the vicinity of military posts, where enlisted Indians are stationed, by the sale of liquor to the Indian soldiers, who, in turn, furnish it to the Indians of the reserva- tion. The following instructions in regard to the responsibility of an agent for Indian soldiers enlisted from tribes under his jurisdiction was addressed October 15, 1892, to Hal. J. Cole, United States Indian agent for the Colville Agency in Washington, in reply to his report of Sep- tember 2, 1892, in regard to the sale of liquor to Indian soldiers by a man named Fox: In reply I have to say that this office believes that the United States is not relieved from the respousibility assumed by it for the protection of Indians aj^ainst influences calculated to degrade them morally and prevent tliem from advancing in the knowl- edge and customs of civilization by the mere fact of their having been enlisted in the armies of the Government. They are still wards m a sense, and shoald be made subject to the laws enacted for the beneht and protection of Indians, where they can without interference with their duties as soldiers. I am not jirepared to admit, and do not think it would be seriously claimed, that the enlistment of Indians from any reservation operates as a separation from the 710 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE tribe to ■wMcli tliey belong, -within the meaning of the act of February 8, 1887 (24 Stats., 388), so as to constitute them citizens of the United States and free from the restrictions phiced by law upon the dealings of whites and others with them. It is not necessai-y, to bring the selling of whisky to an Indian within section 2139 of the Eevised Statutes, as amended by the act of July 23, 1892 (27 Stats., 260), that the Indian to whom the whisky is sold was at the time living on the reservation with his tribe, under the charge of an agent. For when a "tribe of Indians is placed under the charge of an Indian agent, by treatj^ or otherwise, each member of such tribe is under the charge of such agent, within the purview of section 2139 of the Eevised Statutes, and no member thereof can dissolve his tribal relation or escape from such charge by absenting himself from such reservation, or otherwise, without the consent of the Unitetl States" (see United States r. Earl, 17 Fed. Eep., p. 75). This doctrine was reaffirmed on September 13, 1892, by the United States district court of California, Judge Morrow presiding, in the case of the United States v. Bernhart. You will therefore confer with the United States district attorney for the district of Washington, with a view to having indictments broiight against Mr. Fox for the sale of whisky to the Indian soldiers, if after canvassing the question he shall deem his conviction possible. Agent Cole afterward reported that Mr. Fox had been arrested and that the United States jnry had indicted him on three charges. June 13, 1893, the Attorney-General transmitted for the information of this Department a copy of a letter from the United States district attor- ney for the district of Washington, from which it appears that the man Fox was accpiitted by the jury of the charge of selling whisky to the Indian soldiers. At the same time the coui^t, Judge Hanford presid- ing, decided "that Indians enlisted in the Army are still under the charge of an Indian Agent, within the meaning of section 2139 Eevised Statutes, and that it is unlawful to dispose of spirituous liquors to them." If this doctrine were adhered to and generally enforced by the courts, I believe it would result in lasting benefit to the enlisted Indians, and the military service of which they form a i)art, as well as to the Indian service generally. ]Meantime it appears that officers of the Army commanding military posts where Indian soldiers were stationed have been greatly embar- rassed by the excessive drinking of the enlisted Indians, who, being refused liquor at the post canteens, were able to get all the whisky they could pay for from saloons which seem always to exist near army posts. Lieut. J. (3. Byron, commanding Troop L Third Cavalry, stationed at Fort Meade, S. Dak., found the evil so threatening to the welfare of the military service, as well as to the Indians, that he requested the authorities of the War Department to consider the plan of appointing him or causing him to be appointed a special agent in charge of the Indians at Fort Meade in order that he might, to some extent, at least, control the sale of liquor to them. This communica- tion having been referred to this office through the Department for report, I replied under date of April 25, 1893, taking the position that Indian soldiers are already under the charge of an agent within the meaning of the law, and that were there authority of law for Lieut. Byron's apijointment as sjiecial agent in charge of them it would not be necessary in order to punish persons for selling them liquor. I also referred to the indictment of Mr. Fox, and expressed the hope that the question as to the status of Indian soldiers with relation to section 2139 of the Eevised Statutes as amended by the act of July 23, 1892 (27 Stats., 2G0), would, in the disposition of the cases, be authoritatively settled by the courts. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 711 EXHIBITION OF INDIANS. April 13, 1893, the Department granted authority for Messrs. Cody and Salsbnry to take 100 Indians for exhibition purposes at Chicago during the World's Columbian Exposition upon the understanding that said Cody and Salsbnry are to i)ay the Indians for their services a fair compensation, to furnish them pror)er food and clothing, to pay their traveling and needful incidental expenses from the date of leaving the agencies until their return thereto, to protect them from all immoral influences and surroundings, to provide all needful medical attendance and medicine, to do eveiything that may be requisite for their health, corafort, and welfare, and to return the Indians to their reservations within the time specified by the Interior Department without charge or cost to them. For the faithful performance of their several agreements with the individual Indians Messrs. Cody and Salsbnry were required to furnish a bond in the penal sum of $10,000. Ax^ril 21, 1893, the Department granted authority for George W. Lillie, "Pawnee Bill," to take Indians for his show upon the same terms and conditions as recited above, the amount of his bond being fixed at $5,000. The bond has been received in this ofiice, but no agreements with the individual Indians have been submitted by him as required. ****** ^ INDIAN DEPEEDATION CLAIMS. The act of March 3, 1891 (2G Stats., 851), provided that the exami- nation and investigation, by the Interior Department, of Indian depre- dation claims should cease from that date, and conferred upon the Court of Claims jurisdiction and power to inquire into and finally adjudicate, (1) such claims as were in favor of citizens of the United States, and (2) all claims which had been examined and allowed, or were authorized to be examined, by the Interior Department. It reserved the unexpended balance of the appropriation, " Investigating Indian depredation claims," for the payment of persons emi)loyed to make the transfer of claims and business to the court with a record of the same, and for the proper care and custody of the papers and records remaining in this Bureau. It also provided that these claims should be presented to the Court of Claims by petition within three years after the act was approved or be thereafter forever barred. Up to March 3, 1891, there had been filed in this office 7,973 claims arising from Indian depredations. Pursuant to the act of March 3, 1885 (23 Stats., 3 76), 1,454 of these claims had been presented to Con- gress, leaving 0,519 in the files, to which have since been added 25 new claims, making in all C,202 claims transferable to the Court of Claims, or a total of 7,998 claims on record. Tlie work devolving upon the Depredation Division since March 3, 1891, has been twofold; answering miscellaneous correspondence per- taining to Indian depredations, and transmitting the papers in depre- dation claims, with reports thereon, to the Court of Claims. Under the first head, 904 letters have been sent out in answering inquiries of claimants, attorneys, and other interested parties. Under the second head, 393 communications from the Court of Claims, inclosing 3,959 calls for papers and information, have been received; in compliance with which the papers in 2,G84 claims have been furnished to the court, 712 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE the papers iu 740 claims satisfactorily accounted for, and miscellaneous iuforination given relating to 529 claims. The folIo^Ying tahlc gives, for the period from March 3, 1891, to Sep- tember 1, 1893, tlie number of claims transmitted to the Court of Claims ; the disposition previously made of the original papers in other claims called for; a summary of all claims filed and disposed of; and tlie vol- ume of correspondence had in regard to the same: Table 9. — Shoiving ninnher and (lisposition of deprcdaiion claims, and volume of corre- spondencc relating thereto, from 1S91 to 1893. Claims transmitted to Court of Claims Claims reported to the court as having been previously niitted — To Congress To claimants and attorneys To Indian agents To Second Auditor To members of Congress To Committee on Indian Affairs Claims reported upon to the court in previous year Claims on file not reported upon !New claims filed trans- Total number of claims on record. Coninuinications sent in response to calls of Court of Claims for mis- cellaneous information Letters sent to claimants, attorneys, and others 1891. 1892. 1893. Total. 1,381 1,065 238 2,C84 404 11 26 2 3 2 154 5 14 2' 4 1,829 4,920 3 91 4 17 3 3 1 3,073 4,566 2 649 20 57 5 8 7 3,430 6,144 20 4, 568 25 7,993 7,996 7,998 214 686 186 121 129 97 529 904 It will appear from the foregoing table that the wort of transferring the papers in Indian depredation cases to the Court of Claims is rapidly drawing to a close. On April 24 last, I had the honor to recommend that the resignation of the chief of the depredation division be accepted, tbat that division be abolished, and tbat the papers and records thereof be attached to the land division of this Bureau. This change, which eifected a saving of $2,000 per annum — the chief's salary — was author- ized by Department order of April 26. There now remains but one clerk upon this work in this ofltice, and one detailed for duty in the office of the clerk of the Court of Claims, each receiving $1,200 per annum. The balance now on hand of the appropriation from which these two clerks are paid amounts to $17,881.80. The detail of a clerk to the Court of Claims was made at the request of the honorable chief justice of that court, who asked for the serv- ices of one fiimiliar with the papers in Indian depredation cases "until the papers can be properly arranged and permanent provision made for their care and custody." Inasmuch as March 3, 1894, is the limit by law beyond which attorneys can not file petitions in the court in depredation claims on file in the Interior Department, I respectfully recommend that this detailed clerk be dropjied from the roll at that date. In regard to the employment by Indians of attorneys to represent them in depredation suits a circular letter has been addressed Indian agents which will be found on page 475. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 713 INDIAN FINANCES, The following table shows all moneys appropriated by Congress for tlie Indian service for the fiscal years 1885 to 1894. These amounts are taken from the digests of appropriations published for those years, respectively, by the Treasury Department. Table 10. — Appropriations made hy Congress for the Indian service for the fiscal years 1SS5 to ISDd. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. Current and contingent ex- penses of the Indian service. FulHUing treaty stipulations witli and support of Indian tribes (treaty obligations) . . . Miscellaneous support Interest on trust-fund stock (uonpaying State stock) General and miscellaneous ex- penses of the Indian service. $221, 726. 03 2, 680, 160. 04 1, 282, 978. 81 95, 170. CO 925, 484. 79 993, 200. 00 $223, 609. 04 2, 602, 347. 05 1, 214, 784.27 95, 170. 00 732, 683. 56 1, 087, 105. 00 52, 853. 77 $213,433.43 2,411,902.83 1, 072, 722. 06 94, 940. 00 643, 047. 04 1,211,436.33 $209,300.00 2, 150, 242. 66 988, 500. 00 94, 940. 00 714, 273. 44 1, 179, 915. 00 $209, 605. 60 2, 663, 030. 29 755, 697. 08 94, 940. 00 1, 150, 031. 37 1, 348, 221. 94 T'nist funds nrinrin.il T*fl.vTiipnt,ot'dBT>rt'(la.tioii claims ' -- Total for the Indian 6, 198, 719. 67 6, 008, 612. 69 5, 647, 481. 69 5, 337, 171. 10 6, 221, 526. 28 SioTix national fund *1, 000, 000. 00 Total payments for ces- 1,000,000.00 1 .... 1 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. Current and contingent ex- penses of the Indian service. ril lining treaty stipulations with and support of Indian tribes (treaty obligations). .. Miscellaneous support Interest on trust-fund stock (nonpaying State stock) General and miscellaneous ex- penses of the Indian service- $210,303.31 2, 758, 373. 41 720, 500. 00 84, 556. 84 1, 351, 397. 47 1, 379, 508. 13 $217,913.73 2, 506, 279. 92 723, 239. 09 101, 470. 00 2, 074, 148. 45 1, 857, 903. 28 $241, 935. 64 3, 048, 954. 35 750, 500. 00 86, 300. 00 1, 535, 542. 30 2,291,711.75 82, 000. 00 $202, 659. 12 3, 142, 807. 87 070, 816. 57 80, 390. 00 1,451,556.57 2, 315, 612. 19 $195,800.00 2, 849, 406. 44 690, 071. 08 80, 390. 00 1, 864, 204. 19 2 243 497 38 Trust funds, principal 30 993 90 Payment of depredation 478, 252. 02 Total for the Indian 6,504,759.16 7, 480, 954. 47 8,036,944.04 8, 342, 094. 94 7,954,962.99 Sioux national fund 3, 000, 000. 00 1, 912, 942. 02 2, 280, 857. 10 ■ Payment to Seminoles for cession of lands Payment to Creeks for cession of lands Specialagreements with Indian tribes 9, 614, 898. 37 ■ ' Total pa^mients for ces- sion of lands 7, 193, 799. 12 9, 614, 898. 37 * The $1,000,000 charged to Sioux national fund was returned to Treasury, as the treaty was not ratified. From the foregoing statement it will be seen that the "current and contingent expenses" of the Indian service, which include pay of special Indian agents, Indian inspectors and school superintendent, expenses of the Board of Indian Commissioners, and miscellaneous contingent expenses, have been decidedly decreased in the appropria- tions for the last two years. 714 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Under tbe head of "Fulfilling* treaty stipulations with and support of Indian tribes (treaty obligations)," it will be noticed that the amount appropriated for the fiscal year 1885 is $2,080,160.04, and for the fiscal years 1893 and 1894 is $3,142,807.87 and $2,849,406.44, respectively. These increases are accounted for by several agreements made with the Indians in the last few years, which provide for an annual paj^ment of certain sums for a certain number of years. The appropriation of $2,849,400.44 includes the following sums appropriated on account of agreements negotiated since 1885 : Agreement with — Cceur tVAle'ne Indians $11, 500 Fort Hall Indians 6,000 Indians at Blackfeet Agency 150, 000 Indians at Fort Belknaj) Agency 115, 000 Indians at Fort Peck Agency 165, 000 Indians at Fort Berthold Agency 80, 000 lowas in Oklahoma 3, 600 Sionx (schools) 100, 000 Sisseton and Wahpeton 21, 400 Chippewas in Minnesota .■ 90, 000 Spokaues 25, 500 Total 768, 000 Funds appropriated under the head of " miscellaneous support" are for Indians who have no treaty or agreement funds, or whose funds under agreement or treaty are insufficient. The amount appropriated in 1885 under this head was $1,282,978.81; ''since then it has decreased nearly 50 per cent. Of the $690,671 for 1894 the sum of $400,000 is given for the support of the Indians at the Cheyenne and Arapaho, Kiowa, San Carlos, Jicarilla, and Mescalero Apache agencies, and the balance is divided among the Indians of thirty agencies scattered over the whole tJnited States. For " general and miscellaneous exnenses of the Indian service," $925,484.79 were appropriated for 1885 and $1,804,204.19 for 1894. The above sum of $1,804,204.19 includes $100,000, which is reimbursable from the sale hereafter of lands belonging to Indians, and which is made up of the following items : Aiding Indian allottees $15, 000. 00 Allotments under act of February 8, 1887 40, 000. 00 Eelief of Chippewas in Minnesota 100, 000. 00 •Sale and allotment of Umatilla Reservation ... 5, 000. 00 Total $160,000.00 It also includes the following sums: Payoffarmers $70,000.00 Negotiating with Indians for cession of lands to be restored to the public domain 30, 000. 00 Increase in appropriation for police over 1885. . 78, 000. 00 Pay of matrons 5,000.00 Pay of j udgcs, Indian courts 12, 540. 00 Removal of Crow Creek Agency 50, 000. 00 Removal of East(>rn band of Cherokees 20, 000. 00 Ditches for Navajoes 40, 000. 00 Payment to Sisseton, etc. (scouts) 30, 666. 66 Total 336, 206. 66 Grand total 496,206.66 EEPOET OF THE SECRETAKY OF THE INTEEIOR. 715 None of tlie items making up this ^496,206.66 are included in appro- priations made for 1885. For the support of schools the amount appropriated in 1885 was $993,200, and for the fiscal year 1894 it is $2,243,497.38, an increase of $1,250,297.38. This is a decrease from 1893. With one other exception the table shows a steady increase from year to year in the appropria- tions for education. A comparison of the aggregate of appropriations is as follows: Total appropriations for the fiscal year 1885 $6, 198, 719. 67 Total appropriations for the fiscal year 1894 *7, 954, 962. 99 Excess of appropriation of 1894 over 1885 1, 756, 243. 32 The above increase of $1,750,243.32 is more than accounted for by the following items : Increase in school appropriations $1, 250, 297. 38 New agreements ratified since 1885 826, 300. 00 Reimltursable items from sales of lands 160, 000. 00 Total 2, 236, 597, 38 It should also be noted that the aggregate of appropriations for 1894 is $387,131.95 less than for 1893. In addition to amounts annually appropriated for the Indian service the Government holds in trust funds belonging to various Indian tribes, and the annual interest accruing therefrom is paid over to those tribes or expended for their benefit. The interest on the principal of the trust funds belonging to the Five Civilized Tribes is placed semiannually with the United States assist- ant treasurer at St. Louis, Mo., to the credit of the treasurer of each nation, resj)ectively, and its expenditure is entirely under the control of the nation and its council. The tribes possessing trust funds and the amounts thereof are as follows : Table 11. — Trust funds of Five Civilized Tribes. Ti-ibea. Principal. Annual interest. Cheroliees $2, 616, 829. 35 1, 306, 695. 65 5S5, 000. 99 1, 500, 000. CO 2, 000, 000. 00 $136, 818. C2 68 221 44 Chick asaws Choctaws . .. 33 7"0 (U Seiuiuoles . . . 75 000 00 Creeks 100, 000. 00 Total 8, 008, 525. 99 41^ 700 in ' The sum of $8,000,000 due for Cherokee Outlet is not included. 716 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Table 12. — Trust funds of triies other than Five Civilized Tribes. Tribes. Cbeyennes and Arapahoes Crows. Chippewa and Christian Indians. Eastern ijhawnees Jowas Kansas Kickai)00 L'Ansc and Vieux Desert Indians. Mouoraouees Osa^ces Omahas Otoos and Missourias Pa-nnees Poncas . Pottawatomies Sac and Fox, Missouri Sac and Fox, Mississippi Sac and Fox, Oklalioiua. . Senecas Senecas, Tonawanda band Senecas and Shawnees Shosliones and Bannocks Sissetoa and Walipetons Stockbridgts Umatillas". IJintah and White River Utes. Utoa. Sioux, Pine Ridge Sioux, Rosebud Sioux, Standing Rock . Sioux, Cheyenne River Sioux, Crow Creek Sioux, Lower Brul6 Sioux, Sautee 18Ql-'92. 1892-'93. $1, 000, 311, 42, 9, 120, 27, 115, 20, 434, 8, 331, 189, 611, 355. 70, 184, 21, 55, 300, 40. 86, 15, 154, 1, 690, 75, 115, 3, 1, 750, 000. 00 488. 00 560. 36 079. 12 543. 37 174.41 727. 01 000. 00 195. 03 740. 38 480. 78 443. 30 208. 8G 000. 00 094. 57 659. 12 058. 21 000. 00 979. 60 950. 00 140. 42 879. 30 800. 00 988. 60 258. 85 340. 00 000. 00 Total, 16, 132, 849. 29 $1, 000, 30], 42, 9, 120, 50, 113, 20, 594. 8, 359, 211, 618, 417, 70, ]84, 21, 55, 300, 40. 80, 15, 173, 1, 690, 75. 242, 3, 1, 750, 950, 620, 559, 356, 156, 147, 210, 000. 00 412.22 560. 36 079. 12 543.37 564. 50 169.44 000. 00 195. 03 288. 98 339. 07 394 29 035. 05 000. 00 994. 57 659. 12 058. 21 000. 00 979. 60 950. 00 140. 42 915. 94 800. 00 988. 60 353. 47 340. 00 000. 00 529. 36 644. 85 432. 15 015.40 063. 52 112. 60 202. 12 19, 567, 861. 36 SEAL FOE THE INDIAN BUEEAU. The design of a seal for this office, prepared by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, was approved by the President October 28, 1892, as required by the act of Congress approved July 26, 1892. This seal, with a suitable press, also obtained through the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, is now in use. INTEUDEES IN THE CHEEOKEE NATION. The authorities of the Cherokee Nation have fi'om time to time since 1874 reported the presence in the nation of large numbers of persons who they claimed were there without authority of law, and were occu- pying and cultivating some of the best lands of the nation, to the detri- ment and exclusion of its citizens; and the Nation has demanded of the Government that these persons be removed in accordance with the prom- ises given the Cherokees in their , treaties. Very few, if any, of the parties have, however, been removed, on account of the difference ot opinion for a long time existing between this Department and the Cherokee authorities respecting the jurisdiction claimed by the Depart- ment over claims to rights of citizenship set up by most of the intruders complained against. This controversy had the effect to postpone the adjudication of citi- zenship claims, and in the meantime the Indian agent was directed by a letter of July 20, 1880, to give certificates to all claimants to citizen- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 717 ship wlio could establisli a prima facie riglit tliereto, ^'hicli certificates were to be regarded as entitling the liolders to remain in the Cherokee J^ation without molestation or liability to removal until such time as a plan could be agreed upon between the Department and the authorities of the nation for a fair and impartial trial of their claims. In the Cherokee trust fund case (117 U. S., 311) the Supreme Court decided that— If Indiaus in that State [North Carolina] or in any other State east of the Mis- sissiiipi wish to eujoj- the benefits of tlie common property of the Cherokee Nation, in whatever form it may exist, they must, as hehl by the Court of Claims, comply Avith the constitution and laws of the Cherokee Nation and be admitted to citizen- ship as there provided. The decision in the case from which the above quotation is taken was rendered by the court on March 1, 18SG, and under date of August 11, 188G, the office instructed the Union Indian agent to issue no further certificates of the character authorized in letter of July 20, 1880, above referred to, the Secretary of the Interior having by letter of August 5, 1886, directed the revocation of the order contained in said letter to the agent. The revocation of said order, however, was to have no retro- active effect. Claimants to citizenship who have made settlements in the Cherokee Nation since the date of the letter from this office stopping the further is3uance of prima facie certificates, as they were called, have done so at their own risk and have been liable to removal as intruders, and whenever opportunity has offered individual claimants have been so advised by this office. The parties who, in good faith, had entered the nation prior to the date of that letter, believing they had rights there by blood, were, however, regarded as having acquired an equitable right to look to the United States for protection in their property and improvements until some plan of settlement of their rights could be adopted. The Secretary of the Interior rendered a decision August 21, 1888, in the case of John Kesterson which fixed the status of all such claimants whose claims had been or might thereafter be rejected by the Cherokee authorities as intruders in the nation and subject to removal as such under article 27 of the treaty of 18GG (14 Stats., 80G). He decided, how- ever, that intruders of this class must be dealt with in the light of the facts in each case; that having gone there in apparent good faith upon the invitation of the nation, ancl having made valuable improvements while suffered or permitted to remain, the Department would not cause or suffer their removal to be made in such summary and sudden man- ner as to work great harm and loss to their property and unnecessary hardship personally to themselves and their families; that they were entitled to the protection of the Government of the United States in a proi^er way as its citizens, since they had not been admitted to citizen- in the Cherokee Nation nor were under its jurisdiction; that this pro- tection was peculiarly necessary in such cases; and that they were entitled to a reasonable time and opportunity, in view of all the circum- stances of their long residence and labor in the nation, to gather their growing crops and to dispose of their j)roperty or remove it as might be most suitable to its character. The agent having been instructed in office letter of August 21, 1888, in accordance with this decision, he issued notices to a large number of intruders of the class described, directing them to disjwse of their property in the nation not of a movable character and to remove their other property and themselves and their families, within six months. 718 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Tlie time witliin Tvliicli tlie removals were to take place was extended indefinitely by this office, with the approval of the Department, in March 1889, on account of statements received here that recognized citizens of the Cherokee Nation, to whom alone the intruders could sell their imj)rovements, refused to buy them, saying* they must be abandoned anyway in six months and then thej'^ could be occupied without cost. Thus the matter stood at the time of the ratification by Congress of the agreement entered into December 19, 1891, between David H. Jerome, Alfred M. Wilson, and Warren G-. Sayre, commissioners on the part of the United States, and Elias C. Boudinot, Joseph A. Scales, George Downing, Eoach Young, Thomas Smith, William Triplett, and Joseph Smallwood, commissioners on the part of the Cherokee jSTatiou, looking' to the sale to the United States of the tract of country known as the " Cherokee Outlet." The first i)aragTaph of article 2 of the agree- ment, which article contains the stipulated considerations for the cession provided for in article 1, is as follows, viz: First. That all persons now resident, or ■who may hereafter become residents, in the Cherokee Nation, and who are not recognized as citizens of the Cherokee Nation by the constituted authorities thereof, and Avho are not in the employment of the Cherokee Nation, or in the employment of citizens of the Cherokee Nation, in con- formity with the laws thereof, or in the employment of the United States Gov- ernment, and all citizens of the United States who are not resident in the Chero- kee Nation under the provisions of treaty or acts of Congress, shall be deemed and held to be intruders and unauthorized persons within the intent and meaning of section 6 of the treaty of 1835, and sections 26 and 27 of the treaty of July 19, 1866, and shall, together with their personal efi'ects, be removed without delay from the limits of said nation by the United States as trespassers, upon the demand of the principal chief of the Cherokee Nation. In such removals no houses, barns, out- buildings, fences, orchards, growing crops, or other chattels real, being attached to the soil and belonging to the Cherokee Nation, the. owner of the land, shall be removed, damaged, or destroyed, unless it shall become necessary in order to effect the removal of such trespassers : Provided, aJivaijs, That nothing in this section shall be so construed as to affect in any manner the rights of any jiersons in the Cherokee Nation under the ninth article of the treaty of July 19, 1866. In ratifying the agreement (27 Stats., 641) Congress proposed the following amendment to the above-quoted part thereof, which was con- sented to by the Cherokee Nation by an act of the national council apiDroved A\)V\\ 3, 1893 : And provided furtlier, That before any intruder or unauthorized person occupying houses, lands, or improvements, which occupancy commenced before the eleventh day of August, anno Domini eighteen hundred and eighty-six, shall be removed therefrom, upon demand of the xirincipal chief or otherwise, the value of his improvements, as the same shall be appraised by a board of three ai)praisers, to be appointed by the President of the United States, one of the same upon the recom- mendation of the principal chief of the Cherokee Nation, for that purjiose, shall be paid to him by the Cherokee Nation; and npon such payment such improvements shall become the projierty of the Cherokee Nation: Provided, That the amount so paid for said improvements shall not exceed the sum of two hundred and fifty thou- sand dollars: And provided farther, That the appi-aiscrs in determining the A-alue of such improvements may consider the value of the use and occupation of the land. Tlie provision in the treaty of 1835(7 Stats., 478) relating to intruders in the Cherokee Nation and referred to in the agreement as " section six of the treaty of 1835" (which, however, is "article* six," of said treaty) is as follows : Perpetual peace and friendship shall exist between the citizens of the United States and the Cherokee Indians. The United States agree to protect the Cherokee Nation from domestic strife and foreign enemies aud against intestine wars between the several tribes. The Cherokees shall endeavor to iireserve and maintain the peace of the country, aud not make war ui>on their neighbors; they shall also be protected against interruption and intrusion from citizens of the T^'nited States who may attempt to settle in the country without their consent ; and all such persons KEPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 719 sliall be removed, from the same by order of the President of the United States. But this is not intended to prevent the residence among them of useful farmers, mechanics, and teachers for the instruction of Indians according to treaty stipula- tions. Articles 26 and 27 of tlie treaty of 1866 (14 Stats., 806) referred to in the agTeemeut as " sections twenty-six and t-wenty-seven," are as follows : Article XXVI. The United States guarantee to the people of the Cherokee Nation the quiet and peaceable possession of their country, and protection against domestic feuds and insurrections, and against hostilities of other tribes. They shall also be pro- tected against interruptions or intrusion from all unauthorized citizens of the United States who may attempt to settle on their lands or reside in their Territory. In case of hostilities among the Indian tribes the United States agree that the party or parties commencing the same shall, so far as practicable, make reparation for the damages done. Article XXVII. The United States shall have the right to establish one or more military posts or stations in the Cherokee Nation, as may be deemed necessary for the proper protection of the citizens of the United States lawfully residing therein and the Cherokees and other citizens of the Indian coimtry. But no sutler or other person connected therewith either in or out of the military organization shall be per- mitted to introduce any spirituous, vinous, or malt liquors into the Cherokee Nation, except the medical department proper, and by them onlyfor strictly medical purposes. And all persons not in the military service of the United States, not citizens of the Cherokee Nation, are to be prohibited from coming into the Cherokee Nation, or re- maining in the same, except as herein otherwise provided; and it is the duty of the United States Indian agent for the Cherokees to have such persons, not lawfully re- siding or sojourning therein, removed from the Nation, as they now are, or hereafter may he, required by the Indian intercourse laws of the United States. In i)ursiiance of the amendment made by Cong-ress to the Cherokee agreement so called, as above set forth, the President appointed Messrs. Joshna C. Ilutchins, of Athens, Ga., Peter H. Pernot, of Indianapolis, Ind., and Clem Y. Eogers, of Oolagah, Ind, T. (the latter on recom- meudation of the principal chief of the Cherokee Kation), a Com- mission to appraise the improvements of intruders in the Cherokee Nation, who began the occupation of houses, lands, or improvements in said ]S"ation prior to Augiist 11, 1886, the date on which the stopping of the issuance of i)rima facie certificates was ordered. June 21, 1893, a draft of the instructions to govern the said Commission in its work was transmitted by this office for the consideration and approval of the Department. These instructions were approved by the Secretary of the Interior July 7, 1893, and the Commissioners named above are now in the Indian Territory engaged in appraisiug the improvements of the intruders in the Cherokee Nation entitled to compensation therefor under the law. Among the parties charged by the Cherokees with being intruders, and whose removal with others is demanded, are a number of persons who claim that they were once lawfully admitted to citizenshii> in the Nation, and have never forfeited that right, but that they have since been unlawfully declared to be non-citizens and intruders. An inspector of the Department was recently sent to the Nation to investigate this class of cases. CHEROKEE FREEDMEN, DELAWAEES, AND SHAWNEES. Since the last annual report the second and third supplemental schedules of Cherokee freedmen have been made and approved, con- taining the names of 250 persons in whose behalf there has been sub- mitted evidence satisfactory to this office showing that they were enti- tled to share in the per capita distribution of the $75,000 appropriated by the act of October 19, 1888 (25 Stats., 608), out of the funds of the 720 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Cherokee Nation, for distribution among its freedmen, Delawares, and Sliawnees. Tliis makes the total number 5,008 entitled, as follows: 3, 568 Clicrolcee freedmen, less 44 since cancelled, 3,524, at $15.50. . $54, 622. 00 763 Delawares, less 16 not entitled, 747, at $15.50 11, 578. 50 747 Sliawnees, less 10 not entitled, 737, at $15.50 11,423.50 Total 77,624.00 This is $2,G24, or about 109 names, in excess of the appropriation made to pay said beneficiaries. The agent has informally reported to this office from time to time that he was confident, from the efforts he had made to ascertain, as well as to payoff, the persons named in the first schedule, approved Novem- ber 21 , 1890, and in subsequent schedules, that there would be found to be a number of persons whose names are on said approved schedules who could not be identified, or whose names were duplicated, or who were born after or died before March 3, 1883, and that the number would be far in excess of the 109 for Avhom no ax)proi)riation has been provided. In reviewing the payments made on these schedules by the agent up to and including his last returns, June 30, 1893, there appears to remain unpaid of the aforesaid 5,008 names on said approved schedules as follows : Antlienticated freedmen 185 Authenticated freedmen, deceased 40 225 Admitted freedmen 153 378 Cherokee Delawares 14 Cherokee Shawnecs 54 Total 446 There remains unexpended of the appropriation of $75,000 the sum of $4,304.50 with which to pay the said 446 persons, or so many of them as may be identified and found entitled. If, however, this fund should become exhausted, leaving beneficiaries whose names are on the the approved schedules unpaid, application will have to be made to Congress for an additional appropriation; but until such a contingency either arises or becomes manifest, I do not deem it necessary to ask for more funds. ******* CHIPPEWA AND MUNSEE INDIANS IN KANSAS. There was given, at some length, in the annual report of this office for the year 1891 the status of these Indians and of their lands. The recommendations then made, and renewed in the last annual report meet my approval, and I resiiectfully renew the request that Congress be asked to enact the necessary legislation for their relief as was then recommended, viz: In view of the condition of the affairs of these Indians, and the fact that under the general allotment act of February 8, 1887, they were made citizens of the United States, I respectfullj^ recommend that Con- gress be asked to grant authority to issue patents in fee to the allottees of the several tracts, or to those assigns whose conveyances have been approved by the Department, and that such lands as are vacant or abandoned, including their school and mission lands and the tract on REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 721 wliicli the sclioolliouse was located, be appraised and sold by the Com- missioner of the General Land Office, the net proceeds arising from the sale to be funded for the use and benefit of those members of said tribes born since the allotments were made, or who have never received an allotment. EASTERN BAND OF CHEEOKEES IN NORTH CAROLINA. The suit in'the United States circuit court for the western district of North Carolina, instituted by the Attorney-General some years ago, to establish a clear title to the lands in that State claimed by the Eastern Chcrokees, is in about the same condition as reported in the last annual report of this office (p. 123). I am informally advised that a master in chancery has been elected, and had hoiked that the suit would be pushed to a definite conclusion. But from late reports I understand that it has been jjostponed till another term of the court, and I fear that the interests of these Indians may suifer by reason of these unavoidable postponements. ISABELLA RESERVATION, MICH. Nothing of special interest has occurred with respect to this reser- vation during the past year, except the decision of the supreme court of Michigan to the elfect that the lands allotted to the class of Indians designated as '- not so competent," are not taxable. This has been a disturbing matter to the Indians for a number of years, several sales for taxes having been made. All the land of this reservation has been patented, but much of it has passed from the possession of the Indians. KICKAPOOS IN KANSAS. The first section of the act of Congress approved August 4, 1886 (24 Stats., 219), extended the beneficiarprovisions of the amended third article of the treaty between the United States and the Kickapoo tribe of Indians, concluded June 28, lSo2 (13 Stats., 024),, to all allottees under said treaty without regard to their being "males and heads of families," and without distinction as to sex. Tlie second section of said act provides for the issuance of i^atents and payment of head money to the heirs of allottees who died without receiving their patents or shares of head money. Under the foregoing provisions of law patents have been issued dur- ing the year and estimates submitted to Congress for the payment of head money to four Indians who have been naturalized and to the heirs of three who have died. KOOTENAI INDIANS IN NORTHERN IDAHO. Reference was made in the annual report of last year to the Koo- tenais, of northern Idaho, numbering about 225, with the statement that a portion of thein had been removed to the Flathead Reserva- tion, Mont.; that some, claiming to be Canadian Indians, had moved across the international boundary line into Canada; that eight families, Avho had improved and cultivated certain lands, desired to remain there and have the same allotted to them, which would be done; and that the disposition of the Kootenais might, therefore, be considered settled. Ab. 93 40 722 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Steps were taken in 1889 to settle the Kootenai question. On June 21 of tlmt year Agent Eouan, of tlie Flathead Agency, Mont., was instructed, if these Indians ooukl not be induced to remove to the Flat- head or some other reservation, to encourage them to take allotments under the fourth section of the general allotment act, approved Feb- ruary 8, 1887 (24 Stats., 388), and in the event that the Indians desired to remain Avhere they were, to farnish further information as to the extent and character of the land occupied by them, and in their vicin- ity; how much they claimed and had improved; how much unoccu- pied and unimproved land there was in that vicinity suitable for allot- ment to the Indians; and whether any of the lands hitherto unoccupied by them had been entered or located by whites, and if so, to what extent ; and to advise the Indians that should they refuse to remove to some reservation, they must take steps to obtain title to the lands occui>ied by them, otherwise they would meet with trouble in their eiforts to retain them. August G, 1889, Agent Eonan reported that he had visited these Indians; that many of them desired to remain in their locality and have the lands they occupied allotted to them under said fourth sec- tion ; and that there was plenty of excellent land in that locality upon which to settle all the Indians in severalty. August 28, 1889, Agent Eonan was again instructed to i)roceed to that country and advise the Indians to so select and locate upon their claims that each person would receive, when the allotments should come to be made, the quantity to which he might be entitled under the fourth section of said act, and to forward a description of the lauds in the possession, use, and occupation of the Indians, to the proper local land officers, in order that they might be fully advised in the matter and allow no entries thereon. He was also instructed to give such x^ublicity as he might be able to the fact that the country in ques- tion was in the possession and use of the Indians, and that steps were being taken to have the same allotted to them, and that in the mean- time no white i^erson could, under General Land Otiice circular of May 31, 1881, obtain any title or claim to any of the lands occupied by the Indians. July 20, 1891, Catherine B. Fry (Indian) filed several applications in the local land office at Cceur d'Alene, Idaho, among which was an ap- plication to have allotted to her minor child, Arthur Fry, certain lands in the vicinity of Bonner's Ferry, Idaho, which application was referred to this office by the General Land Office, December 29, 1891. INlay 10, 1893, the special alloting agent on duty in this office, allotted to the minor child, Arthur, the lands applied for, and on the same date the allotment was forwarded to the Department. The next day the said allotment, together with others, was api^roved by the Department and transmitted to the General Land Office, with instructions to issue pat- ents to the allottees. Information has reached this office to the effect that settlement by whites has been made upon the tract allotted to Arthur Fry; that a town of some 400 inhabitants has sprung up thereon; that the same has been laid oft' into streets and alleys; that a town-site company has been incorporated to dispose of the lots; and that the improvements erected thereon have an estimated value of nmny thousand dollars. A committee of the citizens of the town referred to has requested that the allotment to said minor be cancelled. The facts in the case thus far obtained, show that the said allottee is entitled to the land in ques- EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 723 tioii. A special agent of this office lias been sent there to make a full and complete investigation of the whole matter and submit report thereof. His report has not yet been received. LOWEE BEULf^ SIOUX OX EOSEBUD EESEEVATIOX. In the last annual report of this office reference is made to the " Eose- bud agreement," so-called, concluded nnder anthority of a clanse con- tained in the Indian appropriation act of March 3, 1891 (2G Stats., 1009), whereby such of the Lower Brule Sioux as desired to do so might settle and take lands in severalty upon the Eosebud Eeservation, S. Dak., the Indians so transferred to cede and relinquish to the Eose- bud Indians all their right, title, and interest in and totlie Lower Brule Eeservation. This proposition was rendered null and void for the reason that it failed to secure tlie consent of three-fourths of the Lower Brule Indians, which, it was understood, would be required in order to make it bind- ing upon the tribe. The action of the Indians in the. matter was dechired by tlie Department to be final, and all parties interested were informed of that fact. There are some 500 or GOO of the Lower Brules now living south ot White Eiver and on the Eosebud Eeserve, and efforts have been made to induce them to remove to their own (the Lower Brule) reservation or to the Sioux ceded lauds, and to take allotments thereon, if entitled to do so under the law and existing Departmental instructions; but they still linger on the Eosebud Eeservation. However, Special Agent Thomas P. Smith recently reported to this office?, after an investigation of the matter, that, in his opinion, these Indians would remove to their own reservation when the agency and the buildings belonging thereto shall have been removed to the new Lower Brule Eeservation. Steps are now being taken to remove the agency tbither. When the removal of the agency is completed and an issue house has been constructed on the reservation, steps will be taken to remove the Lower Brules from the Eosebud Eeserve. MOQUI EESEEVATIOX. Xothing of special interest has occurred respecting the Indians of this reservation during the past year. The work of allotting their lands in severalty has been in ])rogress since January, 1892, but the progress is slow. The peculiar formation of the land and habits of the Indians together with the opposition of one of the three bands or vil- lages of Indians have been the cause of greatly retarding the work. They are now and for some time have been much exercised over the intrusion of some of their neighbors, the Xavajoes, a number of whom have been for some years located upon certain tracts of land desired by the Moquis. Measures looking to their removal are now being- pushed. XOETHEEX CHEYEXXES IX MOXTAXxV. On February G, 1892, this office made a full report to the Department as to the unsettled condition of affairs among the Xorthern Cheyennes in Montana, owing to the encroachments by white settlers upon their reservation and also upon certain nonreservatiou lands long claimed 724 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE and occupied bj^ tlihan child, under eighteeu years, one-eighth of a section; to each other ])erson under eighteen years of ago now living, one-sixteenth of a section; -with title thereto, in accordance with the provisions of article six of the treaty concluded April twentj'-uiuth, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, and the agreement with said Santeo Sioux approved February twenty-eighth, eighteeu hun- dred and seventy-seven, and rights under the same in all other respects conform- ing to this act. And said Santee Sioux shall be entitled to all other benefits under this act in the same manner and with the same conditions as if they were residents u])on said Sioux Reservation, receiving rations at one of the agencies herein named: iVoru/«Z,That all allotments heretofore made to said Santee Sioux Lq Nebraska are hereby ratified and confirmed * » *. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 725 All act of Congress approved January 19, 1891 (20 Stats., 720), con- tains tliis x^rovisiou : To cuable the Secretary of the Interior to purchase lands for such of the Santeo Sioux Indians in Nebraska as have been unable to take lands in severalty on thoir reservation in Nebraska by reason of the restoration of the unallotted lands to the public domain, $32,000. The Indian appropriation act of July 13, 1892 (27 Stats., 145), con- tains a clause i:>roYiding as follows: That the funds now in the Treasury- belonging to the Santee Sioux Indians in the State of Nebraska, and at Flandreau, in the State of South Dakota, resulting irora the sale of lands in Minnesota, and $32,000, heretofore appropriated to purchase lauds ibr the Santeo Sioux in Nebraska, who have not received allotments, maj"^, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Interior, be paid in cash. September 20, 1892, the Secretary of the Interior authorized the pay- ments in cash to the Santee Sioux Indians of certain specified sums of money standing to their credit on the books of the Treasury, including the $32,000 appropriated by act of January 19, 1891. April 21, 1893, this office submitted to the Department a schedule of the names of the Santee Sioux Indians entitled to share in the $32,000 referred to, with the amount to which each was entitled, with recommendation that pay- ment be made accordingly. The authority therefor was granted and the x^ayment has been made. SOUTHERN UTES. The agreement concluded with the Southern TJte tribe of Indians November 13, 1888, and transmitted by the Department to Congress with draft of bill January 11, 1889, has not yet been ratified. House bill No. 67, Fifty-second Congress, first session, to ratify and confirm said agreement, was read twice and referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs, but does not appear to have received any further action. It has been nearly five years since this agreement was concluded, and the interests of the Indians render it very important that some definite action in regard to their status be taken at an early day. The unsettled condition of mind consequent upon this inaction naturally has an unfavorable effect upon the Indians, and is doing more to retard their advancement than any other known cause. It prevents the work of allotment and creates a general disinclination to agricultural pur- suits or home-making, excejit of the most temporary character. UPPER AND MIDDLE BANDS OF SPOKANES. Congress, by act of July 13, 1892 (27 Stats., p. 120), accepted, ratified, and confirmed the agreement concluded with the Upper and Middle bands of Spokane Indians March 18, 1887, and for the purpose of carry- ing the same into effect appropriated $30,000 as the first installment of the consideration ($95,000) mentioned in the agreement. Tiiis $30,000 was appropriated with the provision that it should be expended for the benefit of those Indians who should remove to the Cceur d'Alcne Res- ervation in Idaho, in the erection of houses, assisting them in breaking land, in the purchase of cattle, seeds, agricultural implements, saw and grist mills, clothing, subsistence, etc. As the said agreement provides for the removal of some of these Indians to either the Colville or Jocko reservations, at tlieir option, 72 G PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Congress Avas asked to amend the act so tliat tlie §30^000 appropriated luiglit be applied to their benefit^ as well as to tlie benefit of those removing to Ccenv d'Alene. Accordingly the act approved March 3, 1893 (27 Stats., p. 012), contains a clanse providing that any moneys theretotbre appropriated for the removal of the Spokanes to "the Coenr d'Alene Reservation shall be extended to or expended for such members of the tribe as have removed or shall remove to the Colville or Jocko reservations. The act also appropriates §20,000 as the second of ten installments, as per said agreement, to be expended in the removal of the Spokanes to Coeur d'Alene, etc. Montgomery Hardman, of Spokane, Wash., was appointed special agent to remove these Indians to Coenr d'Alene. lie was given full and explicit instructions in the matter September 14, 1892, and after an examination of the situation reported that it was hardly possible to locate the Spokanes on the Canir d'Alene Reservation in permanent homes upon one tract without in some measure interfering with the Coeur d'Alene Indians. But as Article 2 of said agreement provides that the Spokanes shall be permitted to select their farms and homes on a tract of land to be laid off and surveyed and the bound- aries marked in a i)lain and substantial manner, under the direc- tion of the Secretary of the Interior, on said Coeur d'Alene Reservation, Special Agent T. P. Smith was recently instructed to proceed to that reservation at his earliest opportunity and, in conjunction with Sx)ecial Agent Hardman and the TT. S. Indian agent of the Colville Agency, Washington, to lay off and describe therein a tract for the Spokanes, and to explaiu the whole matter in council to the Cceur d'Alenes. Owing to the deatb of Agent Ronan, of the Flathead Agency, Special Agent Smith was recalled from these duties and ordered to take charge of that agency. The acting agent of the Colville Agency was at the same time instructed to i:)erform jointly with Special Agent Hard- man the duties previously assigned to Special Agent Smith. Some opposition having been shown by the Coeur d'Alenes in the matter of selecting lands for the Si)okanes, the business has been temporarily sus- pended. STOCKBRIDGE AND MUNSEE 1^014:^^8 IN WISCONSIN. Perhaps there is no tribe of Indiijns in the United States whose aifairs have been so complicated and confused as the Stockbridge and Munsoe tribe in the State of Wisconsin. Their troubles have been due to internal dissensions engendered and kept alive by the intrigues of ambitious members of opposing factions of the tribes; to the intermed- ling of designing white men living in the vicinity of their reservation, who have sought to make money out of the timber on the reservation ; and to unwise legislation enacted upon the representations of interested parties, who claimed that it was for the purpose of healing the divisions existing among the leading elementsof the tribe, but which really made the situation more perplexing and intricate. The troubles of these Indians began in 1831 with the treaty of that year between the United States and the Menomonee tribe of Indians (7 Stats.; 312) by an amendment to which a reservation of two town- ships of land was made " for the use of the Stockbridge and Munsee tribes." In order to settle the dissensions that existed among the mem- bers of the tribes named, treaties were entered into with them on Sep- tember 3, 1839 (7 Stats., 580), November 3, 1818 (0 Stats., 955), and Feb- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 727 ruary 5, 1S5G (11 Stats., CG3). In tlie meantime acts of CougTess,liaviug in view tlie same purpose, were approved on March 3, 1843 (5 Stats., G4'>), under which each and every member of the tribes became a citi- zen of the United States January 1, 1814; August 6, 1840 (9 Stats. 55), repealing the act of 1843, and restoring thelndiansto their ancient form of tribal government; and February 0, 1871 (16 Stats., 404), pro- viding for the division of the tribe by the admission of some to citizen- ship and the taking of a census of those who were to remain in tribal relations. I do uot deem it necessary here to enter largely into a discussion of the x)rovisions of all the various treaties and acts above cited and the effect of each; but will briefly state the provisions of the treaty of 185G and the act of 1871, and the effect of the executiou of the latter. The treaty of 1848 provided for the patentiug of certain tracts to mem- bers of the tribe and for their admission to citizenship in the United States. This the parties afiectcd claimed was without their consent and against their desire; so the treaty of 1S5G was made for the avowed purpose of fixing the membership of the tribe, and it provided for the admission to rights therein of all who were recognized as members under the treaty of 1839, including those who became separate in inter- est from the tribe under the provisions of that treaty, and their descendants. This treaty was signed by four-fifths of the adult members of the tribe, and it would perhaps have forever settled the troubles of the Stockbridges and Munsees had it not been that the small minority who refused to sign it continued to foment discord, until through their efforts the matter became involved in the local politics of the State. This fact enabled the small disaffected element to secure the passage by Congress of the act of 1871, which, as executed, entirely unsettled the arrangement of the affairs of the tribe under the treaty of 185G, and took away vested rights acquired by many of the tribe under said treaty. People who had always been recognized as Stockbridges or Munsees were deprived of their rights to tribal property, and in the funds of the tribe, because of the fact that they had selected lands for allotment under the treaty of 185G, some of which lands were real- lotted to parties who were favored in the execution of the act of 1871. Ever since 1874, when the rolls provided for by the said act of 1871 were transmitted to this office by the special commissioner appointed to take the census, the parties who had been deprived of their rights have persistently and continuously urged uiion the Government the fact that injustice has been done them and the importance of some action by Congress to correct the wi^ong. In the meantime their oppo- nents in the tribe have been as active in their efforts to prevent legis- lation in their behalf, and to seciu-e other legislation by which the affairs of the tribe would be settled in such manner as to forever cut them off from any likelihood of receiving any benefit from the conimon or tribal property. In 1891 an act was passed by Congress less than ten days prior to adjournment, which would have had this effect; but it never became a law, the office reporting strongly against its approval, and the President not having ai^proved it at the exxnration of the Fifty- first Congress. Bills have been time and again introduced in Congress having in vicAv the correction of the wrongs that have been done the aggrieved element of the tribe, but they have been met with such strong aggres- sive opposition either in the Senate or House of Representatives that none were ever enacted into law until on March 3, 1893, the President 728 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE approved "An act for the relief of the Stockbridge aud Miinsee tribe of Indians in the State of Wisconsin " (27 Stats., 744), which provides as follows: Wliereas a treaty was entered into on the fiftli day of Febrnary eighteen hundred and fifty-six, by and between the Government of the United States and the Stock- bridge and Mnnsee Indians, in Avhich the said Indians ceded certain hinds to the United States, and accepted in consideration thereof certain hands as a reservation, to which said Indians removed, and upon which they have ever since resided; and Wliereas by the interpretation placed by Government officials on the act of Feb- ruary sixth, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, an act for the relief of said Indians, a larVe part of said Indians (and their descendants) who signed said treaty of cighteru hundred and fifty-six, and have continued with said tribe from the making of said treaty to the present time, are excluded from participating in tribal funds aud the right to occupy said reservation: Therefore JJe it enacted hy the Senate and House of licprescntativcs of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all persons -who were actual members of said tribe of Indians at the time of the execution of the treaty of February fifth, eighteen hun- dred and fifty-six, and their desceudants, and all persons who became members of the tribe under the provisions of article six of said treaty, and their descendants, who did not in and by said treaty, aud have not since its execution, separated IVom said tribe, are hereby declared members of said Stockbridge and Munsee tril)e of Indians and entitled to their pro rata share in tribal funds and in the occupancy of tribal lands; and all members who entered into possession of lands under the allot- ments of eighteen hundred andfifty-six andof eighteen hundred and seventy-one, and who by themselves or by their lawful heirs have resided on said lauds continuously since, are hereby declared to be owners of such lands in fee simple, in severalty, and the Government shall issue iiatents to them therefor. Sec. 2. That it sh.allbe the duty of the Secretary of the Interior, without unneces- sary delay after the passage of tliis act, to cause to be taken an enrollment of said tribe on the basis of the ]>rovisions of this act, -which enrollment shall lie filed, a copy in the Department of the Interior and a copy in the records of said tribe: Pro- vided. That in all cases w^here allotments of eighteen hundred and seventy-one shall conflict with allotments of eighteen hundred and fifty-six, the latter shall prevail. Under date of April 22, 1893, a draft of instructions for the gnidauce of the persons to be designated by the Uepartment to make the enrol- ment provided for in the law, as above quoted, was transmitted for the approval of the Secretary, and the same was apjn^oved July 7, 1893. INIr. C. C. Painter, agent of the Indian llights Association, has been detailed to do the work. The act carries no appropriation to pay for the making of the enrollment, and Mr. Painter's expenses will have to be paid out of the appropriation for the contingencies of the Indian Department. THE WENATCHEE FISHEEY. By the tenth article of the Yakama treaty of June 9, 1855 (12 Stats., 954), there was reserved and set apart from the lands ceded by the treaty, for the use and benefit of said Indians — A tract of land not exceeding in quantity one township of 6 miles square situated at the forks of the Pisquouse or Weuatshapam River, and known as the Wenat- shapam fishery, which said reservation shall be surveyed and marked out whenever the President may direct, and be subject to the same provisions and restrictions as other Indian reservations. July 19, 1892, Jay Lynch, agent for the Yakama Indians, on their behalf, called attention to this provision of the tieaty aud asked whether or not said tract of land had ever been surveyed and definitely located and marked out as provided in said treaty. The records of the olfi(je failed to disclose any information of such a survey or even the location of the tract, and upon inquiry made of the Indians they were equally ignorant respecting its status. August 27, 1892, the facts were reported to the Department, and request made'that authority be given the Indian agent, to visit the locality of said " fishery" as described in the treaty, and to locate the same by metes and bounds, or by natural objects, taking care not to interfere with the KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 729 vested riglits of any settlers or otlier parties who iniglit be located tliereoii. The autliority beiii,^ granted, the agent was duly instriu-tcd on the 8th of September to visit and definitely locate the tract of land, so that it might be si\?^veyed and marked out, under the directions of the President, as the treaty stipulated. This was done, and report of his action was made October 24. The tract of land recommended by him as the land to be set apart was substantially the reservation pro- vided for in the treaty, and is described as follows : Commencing at a point on tlie right bank or ^'est shore of Lake "Weuatchee, 1^ miles by the shore line from the right banlc of the river Wcnatcheo, where it leaves (not enters) the lake; thence in a southwesterly direction to a jioiut 1+ miles duo soxithwest from the month of the river; thence sonthcastwardlj", parallel to the gen- eral conrse of the river, 10 miles; thence in a nortiieasterly direction, and across said river, 3 iniles; thence in a northwesterly direction, parallel to the general course of the river, to the lake ; thence in a direct line across the lake to the place of begin- ning, provided the area does not exceed the quantity of 6 miles square, limited by the treaty. On the recommendation of this office, November 21, 1892, the Depart- ment requested the President to authorize a survey, to be made by the surveyor-general of Washington, under the sujicrvision of the Yakania Indian agent, of the tract of land above described, allowing him, how- ever, to make sitch divergence from the above-described outboundaries as in his judgment the topography of the laud might demand, provideil that the lines surveyed and marked out when completed shouUl embrace the whole of the land contemx)]ated to be set apart by tlie treaty and approximately near the area named therein. This authority was granted by the President November 28, 1892, and the survey is jiow being made by the survej'or- general of Washington under instructions from the General Land Office. This action has aroused the fears of the inhabitants for miles around They have appealed to tliis office, the Department, and the President to revoke the order and to cancel the contract for the survey; they declare that it is unnecessary and a needless expense; that there are no fish to be had in the waters of the Wenatcliee, and that if tiiere were fish in abundance there are no Indians to be benefited by the fishery; also, that the establishment of such a reservation will cut off all intercourse between the residents in the valley and sadly interfere witli all means of reaching a market for their x^roducts, and will deter emigration to that portion of the State. It appears that the action taken by the Department in ordering the survey of this tract of land is but the fulfillment of a treaty obligation that has been overlooked or neglected for thirty years, and is but a com])liance with the request of the Indians that the provisions of tlie tenth article of their treaty be carried into effect. I doubt, however, from the formidable protests that have been and are being made against the fulfillment of this treaty obligation, whether it would not have been a more satisfactory course to have given these Indians a money consid- eration for the relinquishment of their claims to said "fishery," and I am informed that a numerously signed petition is being circulated in the vicinity, to be forwarded to the Department, asking that negotia- tions be entered into with the Indians for a cession of this land. In view of the fact that these Indians have not heretofore exercised any rights in the "fishery;" tliat the x>i"ivilege is not now needed by the Indiaiis; that the land reserved is being rapidly settled upon; and that the Great ISTorthern Eailroad is extending its system in that direc- tion, I respectfully recommend that negotiations be had with the Jn- dians for the cession of all their rights to said tract of land and fishery as set forth in the tenth article of the treaty of June 9, 1855. 730 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE YUMA EESERVATIOX, CAL. The right of way granted by the act of February 15, 1893 (27 Stats., 456), to the Colorado Eiver Irrigation Comi^auy, for a canal through the Yuma Reservation, rendered available for agricultural purposes laiuls which would otherwise be of little value, and removed the princi- pal obstacle which had theretofore stood in the way of agricultural pursuits among the Yuma Indians. My predecessor, therefore, by let- ter of February 14, 1893, recommended that the authority of the Presi- dent be asked for the allotment of lands in severalty on that reserva- tion, under the jiro visions of the general allotment act as amended by the act of February 28, 1891 (20 Stats., 794), and for the necessary resurveys. He also recommended that Special Agent William M. Jenkins be assigned to the work of making the allotments. The said letter having been returned by Department indorsement of August 2, 1893, for further consideration and reconnnendation, it has been deemed unadvisable to renew said recommendation until alter the irrigating canal shall have been made. As the cession of a i)ortion of their reservation would promote tbe construction of the canal and thus further the interests of the Indians, this ofiice by letter dated September 1, 1893, recommended the appoint- ment of a commission of three persons to conduct negotiations with the Yuma Indians for the cession of such portion of their reservation as they may be willing to relinquish. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, D. M. BEOWNiNa, The Secretary of the Interior. Commissioner. EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS. Department of the Interior, United States Patent Office, Washington, B. C, N^ovember 0, 1893. Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the business of this office during the liscal year ending June 30, 1893: APrLTCATIOXS AXD CA"\'EATS RKCEIVED. Applicatious for lotters i^atent 39, 539 Appiicatious for design pateuts 1, 201 Applications for reissue pateuts Ill Applicatious for registration of trade-marks 2, 282 Applicatious for registration of labels 451 Applicatious for registration of prints 2 Caveats 2,349 Total 45, 938 I'ATENTS GRANTED AND TRADE-JIAIIKS, LxVCELS, AND riilNTS REGISTERED. Letters patent granted (including reissues and dcsigus) 23, 471 Trade-marks registered 1, 884 Labels registered None Prints registered 1 Total 25, 356 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 731 PATENTS WITHHELD AXD PATENTS EXPIRED. Letters patent "withlaeld for nonpayment of final fee 3, G79 Letters patent exjjired 13, G72 RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES. Receipts from all sources $1 , 288, 809. 07 Expenditures (iucludiug jirinting and binding, stationery, and con- tingent expenses) 1, 111,44.1.22 Surplus 177,364.83 COJIPAK.VTIVE .STATEMENT. June 30, 1S8D. June 30, 1890. June 30, 18:)!. June 30, 1892. June 30, 1893. Eeccipts. $1,186,557.22 1,347,203.21 1, 302, 794. 59 1,208,727.35 1, 28S, 809. 07 Expenditures. $989, G97. 24 1, 081, 173. 5G 1,145.502.90 1,114,134.23 1, 111, 444. 22 APPLICATIONS FOR PATENTS, INCLUDING REISSUES, DESIGNS, TRADE-MARKS, LAP.ELS, AND PRINTS. June 30, 1889 39, 702 June 30, 1890 43, 810 June 30, 1891 43, 616 June 30, 1852 43, .544 June 30, 1893 43, 589 APPLICATIONS AWAITING ACTION ON THE PART OF THE OFFICE. Julvl, 1889 7,073 July 1, 1890 0. 585 July 1, 1891 S; 911 July 1, 1892 9. 447 July 1, 1893 8; 283 CAL.AJS'CE IN THE TRE.VSURY OF THE UNITED STATES ON ACCOUNT OF THE PATENT FUND. June 30, 1892 $4, 102, 441. 09 J une 30, 1893 177, 364. 85 Total i, 279, 805. 94 While impressed with the necessity of administering this office with, strict economy, I liave fonnd that the proper development of the patent system demands two important additions to the resonrces of this office in order that it may, on the one hand, properly assist every applicant wiio is found to have invented or discovered an improvement to obtain his patent, and, on tlie other hand, in the interest of the public, to pre- vent the is.sue of duplicate or otherwise invalid patents. The first of these suggested changes is intended to provide a philosophical classi- fication of the 533,077 patents which have been already issued, together with the entire mass of foreign patents and printed publications which constitute the field of search iu the case of every application made to this office. I accordingly submitted estimates in a recent official paper, recommending a clas.sification division, consisting of the following addi- tional force, and that recommendation I now renew: 1 chief of classification division $2, 750 2 first assistant examiners (each) 1, 800 2 second assistant examiners (each) 1, 600 3 third assistant examiners (each) 1, 400 30 fourth assistant examiners (each) 1, 200 2 clerks(each) 1^200 2 permanent clerks (each) 1, 000 2 copyists (each) 900 2 assistant messengers (each) 720 732 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE It is estimated tliat the carrying oiitof tliis most careful work would occu])y seveial years. xV furtLer part of the work of such a division would be the distribution of the applications as they are received among the thirty-two examining divisions of the Office according to the classification established. It is considered that this work of classifica- tion is at once the most difficult and discriminating, as well as the most necessary, that can be undertaken in this Office. For want of such a classification applications are passed to issue from the various divisions under different titles, but for inventions so similar as to ren- der the patents invalid. For the chief of this division a salary of 82,750. was recommended — somewhat larger than that of a primary examiner — in order that the best available talent in the Office may be secured for it. Thirty-two of the thirty-six fourth assistant examiners recommended would be assigned lo work in the existing examining divisions, and as a part of their work would have charge of the division of classification as well as of the main \vork of the new division to be established. The advantages of this work in advancing the purj)Ose of this Office— to grant no invalid patents — wit! be great;, but the advantage to the public in protecting industries from the attacks of the holders of invalid patents will be far greater. A necessary incident for the carrying out of this policy is a more comprehensive scientific library — one to be not inferior to the i)rivate bbraries of inventors and publicists and of scientific institutions out- side the Office. To this end an expenditure of $10,000 in place of the 82,000 appropriated for the current year, a considerable part of wliich is devoted to the transportation of our patents and publications to for- eign countries, would be required. A list of the present pressing needs of the library has been carefully prepared, and it shows that for the purchase of books the sum of $9,207 is required, leaving but a few hun- dred dollars to meet current exigencies as they arise. A second resource, made necessary by the policy herein outlined, is to provide in a systematic manner for the examination of industries to which patents pertain as they actually exist in the country at large. At present a patent goes to issue upon the result of a search among books and documents. The disparity between industries as thus exhibited and the industries as actually conducted in factories and in commerce is often wide. It is considered of great importance that some part of the examining force should have temporary details to study the industries of their divisions as they exist in fact, and for this purpose an expenditure of $1,250 would be reasonable. An expenditure of $750 a year is necessary to provide for the trans- portation of patents and publications to foreign countries and to enable the Office to accept foreign exchanges. The Patent Office is fref|uently compelled to decline valuable foreign exchanges because of insufficient means to pay the transportation expenses. Seventy-six copyists in this Office receive a salary of $720 a year. In every other bureau of this Department and in nearly all bureaus of other Departments this class of employes receives a uniform salary of $900. It results that many of the most competent clerks obtain trans- fers to other bureaus, leaving this Office at the disadvantage of a con- stant preference against it m this regard. It is desirable that the salaries of all copyists be equalized at $900. The issue of the Official Gazette of the Patent Office might with advantage be somewhat enlarged to enable that publication to be fur- nished free to small libraries other than public libraries, when they are accessible to mechanics, inventors, or students. The present require- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 733 ment is that the libraries should be free in order to have the Gazette free; but this excludes nearly all those maiutained by associations, trades, and business establishments for the benefit of those connected with them. The regular i)iibli cations of the Government should be free to as large a class as is -svilliiig to read them. The overcrowded and congested condition of this Office as an obstacle to the transaction of the public business has been repeatedly referred to by former Commissioners, particularly by Mr. Mitchell in his rejiort to the Secretary for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889, and by Mr. Simonds in his report to Congress for the year ending December 31, 1891. With the growth of the Office, it is worse to-day than ever before i n the history of the system. The crowding of the employes and the defects of ventilation, light, and heat are such as are not tolerated in private business establishments and would not be i^ermitted by any factory inspector in a State having factory laws. In my judgment it is not only a public loss but a daily wrong to tlie employes of the Govern- ment. It will never be righted nor can the public business be trans- a'jted with reasonable dispatch until the Bureau is accorded the exclu- sive occupancy of the Patent Office or until a new and comodious Patent Office building is authorized and built. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, John S. Seymour, Co7nmiss loner. The Secretary^ of the Interior. EEPORT OF THE CO^IMISSIOXEE OF PENSIONS. depart3ient of the interior, Bureau of Pensions, Washington, iSeptemher 15, 1S93. Sir: The number of pensioners on the rolls June 30, 1892, was ST!»,0C8. During the year since that date 121,030 new pensioners were put upon the rolls, 2,004 who had x)reviously been dropped were re- stored, and 33,690 were dropped for death and other causes. The net increase of pensioners daring the year was 89,944, and on June 30, 1893, the number of pensioners on the rolls was 906,012. INCREASE AND DECREASE. The increase and decrease among the various classes of pensioners was as follows : Increase. — Nurses, 284; invalid Army pensioners under the act ot June 27, 1890, 81,350; Army widows and dependents under the same act, 33,142; invalid Navy pensioners under the same act, 2,785; Navy widows and dependents under the same act, 1,197 ; widows of soldiers of the Mexican war, 87; soldiers of Indian wars, 2,544; widows of soldiers of Indian wars, 1,338. Decrease. — Invalid Army pensioners for disabilities of service origin, including persons pensioned by special acts, 29,090; widows and de- pendents of such pensioners, 1,041; Navy pensioners of same class, 204; widows and dependents of such Navy pensioners, 17; survivors of the War of 1812, 79; widows of soldiers of the War of 1812, 1,226; soldiers of the War with Mexico, lj006. 734: PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE During tlie same year 24,715 claims for increase of pension and 31 ,1)90 claims for additional pension nnder the act of June 27, 18U0, were allowed; and 115,221 claims for pension and for increase were reiectcd. On July 7, 1893, there were undisposed of and awaitin o- action, or in diiierent stages of preparation and advancement, original claims for pension, and claims for increase, etc., to the number of 711,150. Eleven bounty land warrants were issued during the year; and 2i)8 claims for land warrants were rejected; and 113 such claims were pond- ing at the close of the vear, MONEYS PAID FOE, PENSIONS. The amount of money paid for pensions during the year was §15G,- 740,407.14. The salaries of the pension agents, with their clerk hire, rents, fuel, lights, and contingent expenses, amounted to $520,042. The payments have been made with celerity and disx^atch and with- out loss to the Government. Examining surgeons have been paid $888,233.37 within the year, and with $105.00 recovered during the year on account of erroneous payments, there was an available balance of $301,871.03 of the appropriation for the fiscal year 1893. The balances of all the appropriations for pensions, and the other expenses incident thereto, at the close of the year was $2,437,371.40. During the same year there has been paid fees of examining sur- geons for 1891, $381,918.83, and for 1892, $370,094.88, and for clerk hire in United States pension agencies in 1892, $3,700.83, from the appro- priations for those years, respectively. The accompanying tables, most of which were prepared by the chief of the finance division, are full, and show the work of the Bureau and its expenditures for the past year and the present condition of the pension roll. APPROPRIATIONS. The appropriations already made for the year ending June 30, 1894? will, in my judgment, be ample, except that an additional appropria- tion of $300,000 should bo made for the per diem and expenses of special examiners. The work of the' special examination division has increased, and it is most important, as will be shown further on in this report. It is probable that an additional appropriation will be neces- sary to provide for the payment of the fees and expenses of examining surgeons for the current year. These boards, selected with care and intended to be composed of the most competent and reputable surgeons, make personal examinations of applicants for pensions, and their re- ports of the results of such examinations constitute the most important evidence in the adjudication of claims, and especially in respect to ratings where pensions are allowed. The estimates for the year ending June 30, 1895, have already been submitted. If these were based wholly on the experience of former years and the capacity of the force of the Bureau to handle cases through the former stages of examination to allowance, the result would be a much larger estimate. But 1895 is thirty years after the close of the civil war. The pension roll, in view of its size, compared with the number oi"men enrolled in that war will, in my opinion, by that time have reached its highest limit and begin to decrease. The falling ofi" in the presentation of new claims appears from the fact, shown by the last report of my predecessor (p. 11), that there were on October 12, 1892, 788,001 claims pending in the Bureau, while, as before stated, on July 7, 1893— not quite nine mouths later — the number of claims pend- ing had been reduced to 711,150. It is apparent, therefore, that the filing of new claims and claims for increase has ceased to exceed the REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 735 nninljer of cases disposed of by the work of tlie Bureau, and that a rapid diminution in the number of new claims may be expected. The estimates for the year 18G5 are as follows : For pensions $160,000,000 For surgeons' fees 2, 000, 000 For saltu-ies of pension agents ' 72, 000 For clerk hire at pension agencies . 500, 000 For fuel at pension agenciL's : 750 For lights at pension agencies 750 For rents at pension agencies 23, 070 For contingent expenses 35, 000 Total - 162,631,570 The esperience during the time that will yet elapse before appropria- tions for next year need be made, will, it is hoped, give such light as will admit of the making of a closer estimate. PENSION LAWS. A codification of our pension laws, with such slight changes as will make them harmonious, is much needed. At present they consist ot many seperate acts, framed with little reference to each other, and often gi^'ing rise to perplexing questions, such as the question whether pen- sion accrued but not paid at the death of a pensioner shall go to his widow and minor children, or in x)ayment of expenses of last sickness and burial, or be paid in the discretion of the Secretary of the Interior to the legal representatives of the deceased pensioner, or shall lapse. Aside from special acts granting pensions to individuals, these laws enacted prior to the act of June 27, 1890, so far as they related to service in the war of the rebellion, granted pensions with reference to rank, in most cases, and to disabilities of service origin. For many specific dis- abilities Congress designated special rates of pension, and provided gen- erally that for inferior disabilities of a permanent character amouius proportionate to that provided for total disability should be granted. Under this general provision the Commissioner, with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, has fixed schedules of rates for such inferior permanent disabilities of service origin. ACT OF JUNE 27, 1890. But, recognizing the difficulty of tracing disabilities to service origin after a long lapse of time, and the fact that deserving soldiers, who in their advancing years were incurring disabilities not of service origin, unfitting them from earning a support by manual labor, were proper objects of the national bounty, the act of June 27, 1890, was passed providing that all persons who had served in the military or naval service of the United States, in tliat war, ninety days or more, and had been honorably discharged therefrom, and who were suffering from a mental or physical disability of a permanent character, not the result of their own vicious habits, which incapacitates them from earning a support by manual labor, shall be pensioned at not more than $12 nor less than$0 per mouth, proportioned to the degree of inability to earn a support. Under this act, aside from the requisite service and honorable dis- charge, there is but one condition that can give any right to pension, viz, "a mental or physical disability of a permanent character, not the result of their own vicious habits, which incapacitates them from the performance of manual labor in such a degree as to render tbem una- ble to earn a support." But by Order 1G4, issued October 15, 1890, the Commissioner, with the approval of the Assistant Secretary, directed that specific disabilities should be rated in applications under this act as they would have been rated under the schedules then in force, if of 736 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE service origin, up to $12 per moiitli. The medical referee stated in answer to inquiry that under this order the cai^acity of a claimant un- der the act of June 27, 1890, to perform manual labor was no longer even considered in adjudicating his claim, but that his disabilities were rated, up to 812 i^er mouth, as if his claim had been made under prior laws for like disabilities of service origin. It is perfectly clear that uuder this order 164 in granting pensions under this act of June 27, 1890, the act itself was set aside and disre- garded, with the result of granting pensions not authorized by any law. This was shown in the Bennett case, which called your attention to this order, and to the practice under it. There the claimant, applying un- der this act of June 27, 1890, was pensioned at $12 per month for slight deafness, not of service origin. This slight deafness could not inter- fere with his capacity to perform manual labor; and such a pension has no warrant to sustain it in any law^ It is absolutely void. The state- ment of the medical referee, above mentioned, made it appear probable that under order 164 many pensions were illegally granted, and, inir- suaut to your order of Z\Iay 27, 1893, a board of revision was formed of the ablest and most experienced men of the Bureau to examine the cases allowed under that act and cull out such as had no legal basis to rest upon; but with instructions to disturb no case where, by the most liberal construction of the evidence, tlie right to the pension could be sustained under any law. In cases where it was believed that pension could not be sustained and another medical examination was thought necessary, the payment of the pension was ordered to be suspended pending investigation, according to the practice of the Bureau from the beginning; and at the proper time the usual sixty-day notice was given the pensioner, within which he could ask for a medical examination or supply further evidence of his right to his pension. This practice of the Bureau, always followed, is the correct practice. It is not the withdrawal or taking- away of a pension, but the tempo- rary withholding of its payment, where it appears to be unlawful, pending a proper inquiry. IJpon your suggestion that even this tem- porarywithholding might work hardship where upon the face of the papers it appears that the pensioner is entitled to at least some less rating, the practice has been modified and changed as to the cases under this act, so far that suspensions of payment pending the sixty days are only ordered when on the face of the papers it appears prima facie that the pensioner is not entitled to any pension. It is certain that there are many cases like the Bennett case, where persons not entitled to any pension Avill be removed from the rolls, but the work has not yet proceeded far enough to enable me to forecast the result. Undoubtedly under the system of adjudication which followed the promulgation of order 164, many persons perfectly able to perform manual labor, under the persimsion of claim agents familiar with the eftect of that order, a]ip]ied for and received pensions for specific disabilities not of service origin, and not properly pensionable under the act of June 27, 1890. This also accounts for the large proportion of late claims under that act, comprising the aftermath in the work of claim agents, which are now being properly rejected. WORK OF THE BUREAU. Precedence is no longer given to cases under the act of June 27, 1890, but claims for pension under the prior laws, for disabilities of service origin, are now adjudicated in their order, where the evidence is complete. So fi^r from holding back this class of claims, I think they should have precedence as being older and more meritorious. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 737 The "completed files" system which had been in use for sometime has been discontinued. It was found that claim agents frequently reported cases as completed and ready for adjudication where they had failed to furnish necessary evidence that had been called for; entailing much additional work in handling files, and retarding rather than accelerating the work of the Bureau. One of two things had to be done; either adjudicate all cases finally when the claim agents an- nounced them complete and reject the claims when the evidence was lacking, as would be done in a law case which the attorney called for trial, or abolish the system altogether. The latter course has been adopted, as more favorable to claimants. I will not enlarge this report by including in it the separate rei)orts of chiefs of divisions, showing the work of the Bureau in detail. The business is well systematized, the chiefs efficient, and the clerks orderly and diligent. The work x)rogresses as rapidly as is consistent with projjer care and attention to the real merits of the claims which are to be examined and adjudicated. But I have considered it useful to append the reports of the chiefs of the law division and of the special examination division, covering, as they do, matters outside of the routine work of the Bureau and of a character deserving special attention. SPECIAL EXAMINATION DIVISION. An intelligent corx)s of special examiners is of the highest importance, not only in the discovery and i)revention of frauds, in which they annu- ally save to the Government many times the amount of the expense incurred, but they often discover and bring to light evidence which aids honest and deserving claimants in establishing their claims. Their sole duty aiul aim is to get at the real facts of every case examined; and all examinations of witnesses relative to particular claims are made after notice to the claimants, who may participate therein, and may themselves procure witnesses for examination. Wholesale frauds like those discovered at Norfolk, Ya., in New Mexico, and Iowa, referred to in these two appended reports, were brought to light by intelligent special examiners. In the two instances first mentioned hundreds of fraudulent pension claims had been allowed by the Bureau on testimony manufactured and forged by the claim agents; and other hundreds of like claims, from the same claim agents, were pending in the Bureau. Although the principal culprits have upon i)rosecution pleaded guilty, and are undergoing punishment, the special exandners are still engaged in ascertaining the extent of the frauds and the particular cases included in them. In the Iowa case the claim agent had secured control of s^everal local medical boards, usually by insidious methods, as by having the claimant, a brief time before examination, come to a member of the board for prescription and treatment, i)aying his fee therefor. After repeating this so often that the surgeon could not fail to understand that he was really getting extra pay from the claimants, the claim agent was able to procure from him copies of the surgeons' reports to this Bureau and notably high ratings for his clients. I at once dismissed the examining boards that were so implicated, and suspended the claim agent from practice. He is now being prosecuted, as is also one of the examining surgeons. The result of the claim agent's practices was the allowance of pensions, at high rates, to nearly all his clients in the vicinity, bringing into that community a steady influx of money in considerable amount, going into all the channels of business. So corrupting was this influence Ab. 93 47 738 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE that a strong disposition was manifested to mob tlie special examiner wlien it was found that by his tact and adensions paid, respectively, to invalids and widows and others under the general law, to invalids and widows and others under the act of .June 27, 1890, as well as to the survivots and widows of the war of 1812 and of the war with Mexico. Table No. 15«how8 the number of pensioners in each State and Territory, of the United States and the number in each foreign country on the rolls .June 30, 1893, and the amount paid for pensions during the fiscal year 1893 in each State and Terri- tory and in each foreign country. Table No. 16 shows the issue of certificates during the fiscal year 1893, a grand total of 192,188. Table No. 17 shows the operations of the Army and Navy survivors division of this Bureau during the fiscal year 1893. Table No. 18 shows the work done by the mail division of this Bureau during the fiscal year. It will be seen that 3,980,065 pieces of mail matter were received during the year and properly distributed throughout the Bureau, and that 2,269,430 letters were sent out of the Bureau during the year. Table No. 19 shows in brief the operations of the special examination division during the year. It sets forth the number of claims acted uxion by said division and the expenditure on account thereof except salaries. Table No. 20 gives the names, ages, and post-office addresses of the persons who were on the rolls June 30, 1893, as either the widows or children of soldiers of the Revolutionary war. It wil] be seen that there were 15 widows and 2 daughters, making a total of 17 persons. Table No. 21 gives the names, ages, service, and post-office addresses of the 86 survivors of the war of 1812, who were on the pension rolls at the close of the fiscal year. It is proper to add, in addition to the information herein given, that during the fiscal year 1893 there were 115,221 claims to pension of the various classes rejected by the board of review, Clai7ns pending July 7, 1893. Old wars — Service prior to Marcli 4, 1861: Original invalid 1, 783 Original widows 2, 284 ^ 4, 067 Indian wars — Act Julj- 27, 1892 : Original invalid 1, 220 Original widows 2, 875 4, 095 Old war — Restoration and increase 7, 655 Bounty laud 1,204 752 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Service since Marcli 4, 1S61 : Original invalid 123,581 Original widows 81, 361 204, 942 Act of Jnne 27, 1890 : Original invalid 93, 554 Original widows 51, 020 144, 574 Claims under act of June 27, 1890, additional to prior apiilicatious on file under former acts : With Y'ending original invalid 30, 594 With rejected original invalid 8, 030 With certificate invalid pending 25,. 383 With certificate invalid not pending 43, 558 With pending widow 14, 424 With rejected widow 3, 164 With certificate widow pending". 189 With certificate widow not pending 200 125, 542 Increase : Under general laws 140, 616 Under act of June 27, 1890 70, 686 211, 302 Increase and accrued widow 7, 106 Army nurses : 663 Total 711,150 REPOET OF THl^ SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 753 © © ■*oooooooooo<= o o o ■* s 2 >-.= CO=J = =>0000=>000 00 CO '^ !r "* " H o -ii 00 o 00 !=■ ci c^i o oc « o -T a: d d 00C5O-^000CC0rri:~0C ' C5 r-( 00 -H 00 C-1 X 1^2 00 -^ L— !M OC lO n H 1—1 ■2 a i^ •r-\ of o" cT '^' Oi" ^ cc" cT c^' cT rf cT cc -*" QC O 00 -* CC CI O CI I- 0 ci"-d^ ».': -t t-^cfr- o O O «= C- l-H r-l CO ^ = ■» 1^ ■ ■ CO iH C-3 o o o = o o o • o I o a rt ^* o c; o o o o • o . o 5 3 ^' d oo' 00 o 00 -CO I CI 05 -* 1^ o cocc^cooo«^^'^2coL--*oooooc: Td :^ .-H wcJcaoci'n'-^Mcot-xc^cjMa: i-i ti rt c CD i~-^^r-(toc-. osc-ccciMm 00 ,t- _: a o ccr:c-]i't-co t^tMco r~ C t— 1 O C^l rH r-1 oo . = a 'S ^ < C-J 1-1 ■* c: c^i lO — 1 1^ t^ c> -f -j< ^ CI ro '* L'^ c o o 6 oo -j« o; ,— o r-: t-H t- cc -f t- tr: in cs (h CO C^—lrH^OCO C-l f) CO lO fi i-T 00 t-^c4" ^iH CO iH CO "• d ^ o O O O 00 o o • • = o "* '2 CJ o o i-iLO := o • ■ o = OS > CO C5 00 ci c: ^ ^ • • ci d ^ 5 00 ^ CO c: CO oo •* • • c. a Ci -* C0«3 O r-iOS -H ■ • iH CJ Ji ej a a a <1 oo CO r-< -+ 00 o f4 i-( OVrt -tl CI ® 5 2 »■ p-i 52 £ (» o t- CO oo -t OOtH ■ J(NiH -* c: 6 to O 1-t !■- CO • o M o 1—1 t-1-1 o cf _a (^ 3 a S 00 C-I -< O CI = UC o o = o o 00 f^ TJI ^-^Or-lOC-.OOOOO CO ^^ "3 oo LO* d d ci d — 1 -1^ -^ -f rH li d 30 © . > •<*• CCrtiOt^»-0c-. ^ iHi-i oo •S.2 o ^1-1 O 0000 CO o a ■«n 00 CO l^ ^.t; a «1 <] ■6fr CO o" a C4 « cj CT COt-=-*-l">f5l:-iH05a3i-i-* lO © o l-O M- CO CI Ct ^ OO r-l o P4 t' «0 CI -* CJ CI l- o a (21 n 1—1 eo" ca CO ta O -*0.-IO'0Or- O'MO'-ICOOL-^Oi.OCiOOC'fO^ CI f-i t>ODL~COC'IC40ClCli-^rOOC)iCC- CD ■3 tA oc'r-rt-r^'oc'dcTio ira" cJcTcfc-rcr co' a o a o^o^f-)— '"i-tco iH-»a--+c- 00 a O O t~ t- CO r-l C-l r- CI To O a ^ rt »co" CO 1—1 c-iot-ooooi-inoc-itoioocir- o cooocit^ciio-tcoi' i-iO^crs-? CO O "A OCMi— 1-1 -iil-OQCC-l Cl-^inc* CD o t* crs lo C-) r^ c-4 1- 1—1 -H lO.-O CI : is i-S ;« :i : : :® i'^ :■§ :% ^ ; 1 \ • « 'k M ^ ^ S'-^ ,•=" "3 «■ « « g ai t 0! fe » •= o ^-^ i*.:i !sS i= '- fc t- J: > fc 1 O ■S£^rt^-s='==-j:=-? = >^ J CO r-t ■' 2 p ■' — t> -s; t> •- ^ -a t^ .s >- .; O i5c£S.c-^ "^ ^ '^ ^ =^ ^ '^ ^ a ■ ■ O O < > CI •y , • O C5 • *ii a • rct 1-7, - -2 § « to a ' 1 ?, CO a o a « ?c « § ? J 1 1 ■£ © - •2 ^ S a 1— • C5 •+- o H 5- r:- ? r^ S p .2 < ^ u a ^ ci I omul f-lCO t- CO LO * rH r-l 1 o te cj §3 a a ? a — o - s 1^ — J o o o CS CS c8 CO© "s ■-;;■■" ceo o ■» a r5^ 3 'n'3'3 ;- t- > 'k'S'm S 3 a c a fl c: c: c3 COD tjtttW) ct ci cj U ^H b-l o c o t- ^ t» Ab» 93- 48 754 PAI'EKS ACCOMPANYING THE Table No. 2. — Xnviher of jjofs/onrj-.s of ihe var'wu^i classes dropped from ihe rolls during the near, ivilli the cause, and ihe uitmher of each class on ihe rolls June 30, 1S03,, Classes. Bv Ocath. By i-omar- riage. Minors by legal limita- tion. By fiiil- urc to claim. For other causes. Total number of pen- sioners dropped from the rolls. Total uunibcr of pen- sioners of all clas.ses on tho rolls. Tune 30. 1893. Gencrallaiv. C Tnvnlid^ 9, 428 2 4,349 950 1,202 11, 580 2 8,400 305, 440 Armv r.nd K'avy < Xnrses ( Widows, etc.. 2.S4 1,095 1, 390 1,450 170 110, 222 Total 1.3, 779 1,095 1,390 2,400 1,372 20, 042 475, 046 Classification of \yidoTrs' roll— general law : AVirlow.s witliont cliildron ........ 1,017 187 7 1,846 690 2 7,651 1, 492 445 636 i4 524 51 ""677' 189 9 69 77 9 9 6 270 292 2,055 951 1,412 2,546 885 11 7.921 2. 713 59, 825 17, 802 2.970 24. 073 Fathers . 5,452 Brothers and sisters, dependent anna nnd fln.no'litors 100 Act June 27, 1800. . 1 ,- C Invalids Armyand^avy ^ Widows, etc. . 377, 203 480 449 81, 952 Total 9,143 480 449 562 10,634 459, 155 Classification of widows' roll— act June 27,1890: 682 238 4 350 215 3 214 260 129 98 9 42 14 1,025 602 4G2 392 229 3 48, 004 21, 727 449 2.700 G, 221 3, 249 45 1 War of IS 12. Rnrvivors - . ............. 59 970 15 200 7 9 81 1,242 80 3 5,425 Total . 1,029 3 275 16 1,323 5,511 War with Mexico. Snrvivors ........... •;70 224 ■ 166 105 337 5 1.273 354 14, 149 "Widows .... ........... 20 7,309 Total 994 20 271 342 1.627 21. 518 Indian irars, lSS2-lSi?. 52 8 3 1 55 9 2,544 1,338 Total 60 4 64 3,882 Gra' d total 25, 005 1,598 1,845 2,946 2.296 33, 690 966, 012 Total number of children on the rolls : General law, 29.489; act June 27. 1300, 44,243. This labl(! does not include the cases whii-h, during tlio year, were dropped from the roll under the general law and pensioned under the act of Juno 27, 1890, aa " additional" cases. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 700 r-IOOI>«0«l.10eOr-l— 1 |0 1 ooaot-oocoaoot-ocro l-w 1 o _ . . ■^ ?o ^' s-i oj -I ^^■ cj o ci o lo 1 -i 1 « s " --^ »-t-^-^cirD lO o • CO OS CO c 3 ro 5 h-^ Ln -H C 1 ^1 ' CD 'T-iO^ ■< lO O B S i) ^ 33 ■«r Tf* o: o • t^ 3 -O •5-5 o'^ 2" Cl '-^ c« O0,-l o •v^ — -" ,_• fcfl W c::^ti 03 <© .- o . a: J o 2 3 n O I- • 3 00 1 "^ T-H (-1 CO Tl to -# O lO o ;>n?> t£ > -* ro ^ H PJ t- CI r^ o 1-1 ci c-i i-iir ) rd — >.o '^~—„ • .-■ 1^ in ^' d d C! t-; O! c- J 00 '^ m m c^ t^ in t- o o o .— -^ c > irs ■^— =="S 00CMintO=>C>tO(M^C 00 C £ g t-■■^oto'— 'of cs'cQ ^ -t" c^ O to Cl £> n Cl (T 1 '^ CJ L- 00 CO ef CO o od in «5- *=^— i m 000=000 OC ) lO O - ":' C5 coooooooooc > CO b-^ d d o' to d d o" d c > r-^ CO o o o o o m .n m c ) X) •Tj'OOOOOOOC^t-C t- o d" o'o" IN d"c 3 tc ^ m in ^^ -^ l> o c<) c- 00 O 00 w -« »o o ^i ^-J -; CO rt o H tie; m o 05 o rt - «?■ tm in CO i.-5 CO CO CO t^ "S s Sm" ■* •^ 1 g >...2^ ■*" 'iT §|.5i 00 < ^•3^^ CO »— t CO S-^'s oooooooooc: o o o o o o o in m in c 1:0 es c; "^ oooooooot^t-c CO P* r — o to'o'o'o-cicTe-i ,- o in — ^ t- o (M ct CO ^ — "^ 00 rt 30 rj 111 t- |25" i~" CO t-l ccT •* ■^ <1 ^5 «9- rH r r ^ p ;r. :t X X y ii 5 '^ T C £ - '/ rr xSg Z •S o'-r-- . ^ OJ 6 • « &4 ■ m 1 n <; ^ <; ^ X ;j -J 1—1 t^ Hi 1 C-. M ^ s 1- r-i X to 5S 00 CO 3 fcu rt ~ rt COOO cr 1-^ r-* o ts .2 § Mis 'S jr->^ s S > .S <)^ c^ - - m 35 en t; c a 3 o o ^ c - m St il fctSC c a O 9 £ >' t- cj MM tc n Mb! .5.5 "S'3 .5 =5 .5 . a 3 U) cJ a _o 'S o -H M 000 -2 tK ■» o c = CS K o c ^ C3 t-^ re* o cc »-H t-^ c c^ tc cc'o t-^-— CO " CO -^'ci 00 ^ ^^ ,-1 r-HrH 1—1 • -M o * ) < ! Xt~ ilft i -» o .o 'rjH • I 1 . .-, t~ -o . « X ^ 1 »H ci I • • ' ^ oi • 00 • d iri ct rH • • • • ox • t^ • Ci m ■*-> • t-^ -*.... i-t CO ' t- ' ^ o O H • t> TjT . . . . CO -* . -r • o -»** . '^ o ■ . ■ . CO O -(N ■ t- (M . 00 t- . . . . O -* ■ — 1 .00 L- < -€& g 1 • CO tt tt n j 1 ! I ■* •* '« ?-s • • . . r-i i-t c o I I i 00 00 o (C'r^ CJ c^ ft -< i I 1 '. CO . • • i-T • ■ . o] • • ••ee- CO f-H • -M o i ^ I 00 i^ . m * o !M OS ■ O ■^ . . . -H t- . O . t~ t- 1 J ^ ci ■ ■ • -t c-i ! oo i X t-^ • cc .—»■•• lO oo ' t^ ' ^ r- ro ' t^ rp • • • f-< CO -1:^ • X M n • t--" ■-+■.•. CO '^ • -^ ■ X CO <£> • ^ o • • • X CIS . IM . -* o F-i ' CO t* • . . CC '* ' rH • X co coir^nc^iOi-H^ic^imocociCscrcorecDt^ ^ U-5t-OOaOCOOOit-COCJOCOC:C50Xt-CO in t^ .-^ o ur; 1-H 1^ CI o t-^ CO x rjl o6 re in -*+ 'I- o ci t> cj x I- C'l oo ce ci Ci *n -a> cj o 00 ic o C5 '-S o « ccc^oo>o -M o O c: CiC^'^ '^cDClCi^ajaiiCCiClOCCt^ a H c: I- .— ( '^ o c-i -»< CO — ' ei r- — m o a; — ' o o o D- o ce »n ''J' ci c^ OS ce 00 CO' -.^ o '^ o M- ''^ CO cet^t-r-i^cceciir-'— oo-^t>t>coi--r::2i-H "^ ■efe- rHrH ^ rHr-( in r-t oj ir-wcoo-*o -*c:ooc-jceciOrHooi.eooo:sc^cc in I "S ^ oo -*; ^" t-* CO ^* ci o r-" o o o =■ o i6 c* l-:: re es C o -t OS ^ CO CO re C5 i.-D ^ to o re o m c^i c: t- ^ ■=> C ct« ^ OiO-. ^ M-rJ :d 00 as « l-t M t- OC' c: ffl <6-Ci C30000 0CSOOOOOOOOOOO o o d ci o d o =;■ o d d d d d d d d d d d cooocoooocjooocoooc; o *« ocoooooocooooocpoo o cc •H<~-<*"^.^-x!Mxc~cO'*^s •5 = ° tDtC O .a C8 Sitae s a c: c3 o o a o 13 o H ft2 &-•!» s > " ci C S c o ^ C3 O KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 7o< o o t-^ X 1-' oc x '~6 t^ ^i ifi it; t-^ t-^ t- '-d cr. t-^ x* CL— r;oo<— ic-jcioci'^rccom'— t~xt:3 fK" ,_- r^ ^ rf ^ Ti ^- I- to ~.- -f m'x' — ^' C" —' -■/■ Cl n t- f. i--5 c~ t- CI o ID ri •3' C-: t-oc X -^ CC 00 r-^ >C O Tf Jl SJ-^-^t^CiC^lO-^XM^-^CC-^COrHt^O QQ n c p. « '« s H a lo o "5 S 6Q O 12; _^ » Tl X o X?l t~ i CO CO 1 to »-( t X t-^-HO-*«M o; c^ 1" -^ X c^i s^ -^ ; : rO CO rH t^ -^ a P< a I ^" OS • 2 o ^ o -^ CO C5 CO c: o 00 x" oo L^i -rjH -)i iri irj c: co* co iriOOOC'C>-*COOOC. tOt-r-tT— tCO-tCCt- OfMCiiXCSCOi— tt-CI?-»L'-i— iC^OfMOiCSOO oT cT — co' -^ t^ c^ "^' 00 r^r cT o" cT t-^ r-T (> 'o" o trDlOCOt--^OC;CiC5000wlCC^ Iff ^ I 'f t--'~ r - t-^ »i^ -»■" '^' c f c f x' i>" t^ cf cf Oir-iriocirriot^oox-rcor-'t'r;'— CJC) -^i>coc]ooc'*t-oct'-csxcoco;sooooci " CC CO r-i" rH re CT Cf CI L^" *f fcJC * I I ' o .„ Sf^ = .i = 5 v:i:~ 2'=- ^=r 3 2.§ 758 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE c> o c:> ""• Co t^ >~( ^ C3 ?-^ ^ ^ o o O o H a a ffj 2 o o ^ a 4) r^ P( e >> •^ 'a s < o c •^ o o C -tJ -3 o O ^ C^ -t C; 1-H -^ f-t ^1 t- !M O « 1-i iTi in .— t- c I '^ ^^* --^ o o c: cJ i-*^ -^ o cc ci *^ t^ ri t-^ 00 o ;5 >— < c^ '-' i~ '^1 ^-i 00 lo o f^ 1-1 (M CO y;- rH I- -* i- CI T^i c; tc ro o c^ c: -t ro 1— ' ci ■-t 00 Ci *-< • 1—4 o o> . 00 • O ■ re '^ . to — cior*r:OTM^i-'Cir-ciociomH-^Ti ^o-T-r^o-fOcciooc^JOt-oc^ciOiot^ c i --H — * :c o cj m OS »o -^ o oc 00 Lo I - -t t— -* o— , ^:-t'-Hi-7icMXioocoi-H^ot-'f-frc r-ot-^'^ciOXtr-c-ooir^rr^'-iociorT. c:oc t-.' -+ cf t-' — ' 7 f o' -f :5^ > o x" id" t-' cc t-^ cT o' .-^' — o -M oC' ri i-*:' « o c-i o -*' c'; o (M 't' CO cj X r-^Ti i in u-i r^' 00 t^ 00 5D od irf CD 1-H ci ci o CO r-i 1 '^J r- L^ ro -t^ O O l.-^ L- O Cl rO OC i". X t- iT ^'" ^ r^' cf o" cT c^ rT o vrT If;;'' ro c-^ i-T ^ t--^ : o r- ^ X :3 o -H -^ t"^ t- t~ t- ro re o X 2 ir: X c-j ^ lO ^ o X Tj< -t rj .-I L- ci TT ::? r-^ o ci o -o ce ro "V X X CJ lt: c; C5 c-3 Ci t- cs re X n _ !M 71 o X ^ XI t-- ^- 71 t^ O t> >— ' ^- •— ' CC Le O X w 71 le i.e tp X 7) »^ ^ X 7 1 X O 7 1 ce Ci r^ X ci L--, to c 1 L-- L" i^ X t^ t— 1 1- -^^ i:? Tji X t^cToc :c o(f 7ro -Tt cfcf c-^cTr-H o Ci t— ^r: o L-— iro'— T^totr-'^XCDt^tOCiOOiA'SCiOi i-S -^ c^i M »::; t^ '-' »o <7i '^^ t^ "* ^ -^ " '^ '^' '^'^ CO (M 7J cc i-H 71 7a re ro .-I t- "^ o H REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 759 o:)Ciowi>'Cicn'^i rHOOi-iu-: lO O rH 00 CO -* iH rH c- cd" lo" co":o co" ■^ i-H 00 Oioin-^ootM — coa;Ti*r-(Ot-w:3 a -* o oi iri o r: CO o Ti< -rii fJ o c: t> CC ^ z> • CI o > O • O o 00 L- CO CO 1-1 . o "<;:' 1 -* s ? B t^ no C^ Cl'cOrH ItO .2 ? < t- I- r-I rH s 00 -H CO • f-t 1— ( ■ rH o co ■* coo CO QQ ,o r~i :/J rH C-. 1-1 rH t^ o I— t « ^ 1-1 o o --I LO oo o o o I.-0 «o Ci L-- CJ ift CO CJO O '^ Ol 00 -4J o 00 OC lO 00 O O 'O o^ o r-^ d -* 05 lo -^ irs 1^ cj m ira 00 C3 CJ SM CO O i-H ' ^ rH CJ 6 a Ci cocT-^'cTuoT^-r -i'^ (N cs o o <^ 00 C^J CJ ^ c,-H O 00 • -T^ xo 3 ■ to I— I O O O OS o o t- -*^ ^ ^ -* Oit^ ' OC in* t-* • ci o cs CO ■ •^ ci o S to o CO o »ri c^ • Cl m r-H CD ' oo 00 CO C^I -^ CJ --H ' rl ' Ol §1 otT CO c-i" CO cf ^- •-11 r-( O Ol 00 <5 ■ee- o _ o co" •««" o .-. « -t^ C3 M l^ ?0 t-H C5 t-i X ■ 71 T-H O rH a 00 i-H .-H t- rH CO C5 3 a o oo CSI (M C) 00 t-^ M t-t LOOOCDr- o t>OL^r-»C50C^0 05'*l>t^i-HCO-* 00 -p cj -(I Tji o o o ci d LO 03 .-o lo m TT cx 00 O C\* 00 00 CO C^l O CO C^l in C) -t" Ci CO lO — o ooci-^iccocoot^^oo-^mxc to (M c^o jq t- lo t:~ o -p = f. 1-1 .-< cc ?i ^ d a cOrHC-jrjicsocit-as r-tw:s--Hir: rH la 00 inao -^ r-i r-i 00 (O ■W- iH a t. o coi-OTiror-i'-icoooofqooooiooto to d i-iiOCOL^OCOC^OC-*i rHi-IC-lCi'- :jo OrJ-*r-lr-l'-^0C.-0!M MTjIr-lO- 05 O t- I C C-J rH -CI t^ 1-1 tC CO rH '■ '.6 : d • --i • d • I I 1 . 1 +j . -*i ' ■»-> • *j • . • © . O • ® ' i^ ' . . ^ . ~ • . « . tn SO ra ■ io_5 ro 01 fxJB t£ 'g aa ^ a b a ; '3£^7:.5'^^'^^>o>^-f:^ ; Mi^r'M^Mp'Ml^X^X^XJ^ '•^-v -w/"-^ •'W'^^^-^ \^-^^ .^O-, '>-'\^-V N-r* ^ • (TJ o 03 :3 '•^ :^_, c o: « 3 i 1 CI CO f— t o ci ^ ^ ^ i i i § ! 1 -M ! 1 2 S 3 1^ ^? cJ a S I — 1 > < t2 ■5 1 1 <1 121 0( c f- H 4. J t- i c« H a 3 a -1 ca o H 00 C» O 00 l^ O t' lO rH!M rH 1* ^ to o s> C5 00 oo C4 rH O ■B2§ ~ a to Baa 0^ m fO c n a t- ^ ci t3 o 2 dP< o t- ." -3 +J O y in ro — 'E '3 § 3 = O tiH ;^ ;t_4 V« 0! O O O c3 o © © 'rt c3 c3 c8 Ei' (> .« o o s> q MtcbU •H c5 c5 c3 S ^ ^ i< ^ a;> a;> (O O > > TOO PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE s « ^ 3^ a^ 'S^ 00 ;?5 a n — i '/3 it?. -5 = X ;z, n = 55^ i ^ S 5 n « - O -1- o a o fH-t: ;:; tH ~ -tJ o o - ^^ o ci rs o o w 1-^ cf CO i-H c^i x" »-^ r^ i-l O O rH r-1 r- : !0 w r^ o r-5 1 CO «-i ^ -X O O !M O t^ CI o: ri 7^ ro:cxcocoroocoin O r-i w O T »-i CO 1 in o r^ CO 1^ CO t- 1-1 -r o moo -1- m in c^ --^ I in m t2 cc in -J* -# I- c; o t- t- C5 :c 05 o t^ ^ r-i CO in d CO •'3' CO in in C-. ■— oc o cc in M* O O O L^ t^ m o es f~ -* f-H CO in CI CO '■* -♦J o — —go o sa o U <1 d ^ tt 1^ « c — -« Li c = o c s o = _S_3 c; c3 c3 i' > > s » » tl U iO c: -- c3 t^ t- in ::, 1. o ;- k >- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 761 Table No. 9. — Statement of amounts pa\d for iicns'wns to the survivors of the \caroflS12 and to the u-idows of tJwse rcho served in that icar, since 1S71, and to the survivors of the war with Mexico and to the loidowa of those who served in that icar, since 1SS7. Fiscal year of^ 1871 (From Feb. U. 1871) 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 (from March 9. 1S78.) 1879 188J 1881 1882 1383 1834 1835 18S6 1887 18S3 1889 i8!;o 1891 1892 1893 Total Var of 1812. Survivors. $2. 555. 05 1,977,415.84 2, 078, 606. 98 1, 588, 832. 95 1, 355, 599. 86 1,089,037.18 934, 657. 82 7C8, 1,014. 790, 621, 478, 357, 278, 207. 144, 105, 73, 52, 38, 22, 11, 10, 918.47 525. 66 710. 39 612. 80 274. 85 334. 81 888. 85 782. 80 .389. 59 837.01 659. 48 800. 27 847. 09 504. 64 90S. 93 494. 27 14, 005, 195. 59 Widows. $511. CO 335, 993. 63 689, 303. 59 616, 026. 40 533. 000. 21 445, 772. 95 361, 548. 91 294, 2, 192, 2, 658, 2,381, 2, 024, 1. 882, 1, 686, 1,518, 1, 458. 1. 765, 1, 596, 1, 397, 1, 263, 1, 040. 827, 721, 572. 05 699. 54 058. 14 800. 95 207. 63 542. 41 302. 09 202. 39 896. 44 582. 36 604. 90 487. 09 239. 37 284. 41 080. 53 060. 32 27, 690, 767. 37 Total dis- burseiueuts. $3, 066. 05 2,313,409.47 2, 767, 910. 57 2, 204, 849. 35 1, 888, 600. 07 1, 534, 810. 13 1, 296, 206. 73 1, 063, 3, 207, 3,448, 3, 003, 2, 502, 2, 239, 1, 965, 1,725, 1. 003, 1,871, 1, 670. 1,450, 1, 302, 1, 062. 838, 731, 490. 52 225. 20 768. 53 413. 75 482. 48 877. 22 190,94 985. 19 286. 03 419. 37 264. 44 287. 36 086. 46 789. 05 989. 46 554. 59 "War with Mexico. Survivors. "Widows. Total dis- burseiucuts. $53, 148. 68 1,861,756.07 1, 796. 899. 30 1, 728, 027. 54 1. 622, 114. 75 1, 425, 258. 18 1, 396, 392. 38 $2, 458. 08 583, 056. 28 693, 572. 45 095, 054. 90 695, 314. 52 686, 733. 57 736, 173. 41 $55, 606. 76 2, 444. 812. 35 2, 490, 471. 75 2, 423, 082. 44 2, 317, 429. 27 2,111,991.75 2, 132, 565. 79 41, 695, 962. 96 9, 883, 596. 90 4, 092, 363. 21 13, 975, 960. 11 Amount disbursed to Indian war pensioners (Act July 27, 1892) : Survivors $158, 076. 26 Widows 66, 434. 05 Total 224, 510. 31 7G2 PAPEluS ACL'UMi'A>,YlXG THE I — *n *^ oc ir, .- c :^ . X 7 1 7 : i.o Ml to c- Cl ^ -. X t> I CO n u '*-* 1 CO r~ 00 .0 T 74 rr 00 ts 1:3 -* i^ n e 1- O! ta 2 .= ^ = 2.> s ? ? 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CO X X 71 -^ C3 X 71 CS -* O O. t' t^ L- 71 to'r-Tod X ■<* t-r^x'-^'t-^ HiriCv,o'Tjrco^70 CO o 1-H , rH o EO --r0-HC0r-.71O71C0-l>OO-*rHt0C0t0^ -t (U 7JCO7JrHCOrH'MC0rH71rHrH r^ r< cc cr. a 05 (M 1 c:> -rf CO 71 X C: l.O X 71 t~- to O — CO t~ CV -r 71 CC 1 O rt OJ lO CO to CO -^ O 1- ^ X lO 71 -f t- to to — 1- — Ci ^'^ C: to 71 71 rj t- O O X O 71 to C: 1.0 X to 71 o ci O r^o rH o'o i-o''i.o''t--'ci'-)-''co'o'-f o"cc d H? trs a cT COCOCO-q'C^rHCMrH rH7171rH7i rH ZO CI — . ^ ^ § > 1 c c o ^ £ fc D tr C ' fi- . ri 6 u c ! r: " •:; ^' J§ ^ c 2 3 T. • "C ^ — ^ -^ n ^ '3 ?i c '^ ':3 "S ' ~ ' ^ -CJ^." :5 - ^ <£> <» § 5^ ?£H.5.2 = r.-r:t: = = =-•:: EL— H 33 >j r- e o -5^ ^"^ tn O o t* o c II ^ a; >3 o < D a P KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 763 'S' 8 5= Si Ci = Co c - .J. ^ o "^ O < cS 60 O o o a 3 O a fi 5^ a ^ s- 3 M ^ OJ t^r:a^ i- A O tLU s 2 ^-s a s c u 00 :c =S 3 a 3 o a c o-s 03 a % 0*5 o O o 3 b 5 .a o o -a ■^ -^ "^ -' ^ c: cS .g •- +» 2 -2 *i t; S •S^-g 5.2 S -^-s r = a P - C ^*^ (E ^ t^ ^ ri o S — H K i* S ^ .2" ^ — - 2 ',3 =^ 5 5 S P -r' " = o *- ^' ^ CJ S ,' O X S c 2 ^ = S .3 " S > > S c ^ = "^.^^ o^ 5 2 cn ^ "T* 't- ^ -^ == -' = ,i=.5 gr:=-S -• 5i5-H£^c2 o kJ 3 g 'o o 5. M " -2 i; a .. -5 -a: 5 2 a 2 a ho S- o .t:^ • c: a ::<) re '" - - - S o S -^s« ^^=:= = s > •A O j^-s — -a 2 S^-s «« a a-- "S — '^ "A a ■^- _ i.' K ->-' c -=.S-?:=:^' •- o- *ts o a^ o o=»hV. oH-- o £ g -t--^ — •-'"*:;.T--*-'-*^-*^-*^-ts-— a.^.^73 a esaSSEi-o«s.:ec:^c;;:5a!rt.xs X 72 .2 o ^ •'^ -w «j M X y. y3 O! g y: x -g i »o.Sca2Q2S2S2£o2£— 2 -t, J-i — — — *H— I— ( 0^5SS2Sgr:,J2S: ^x^-^^Ef-a^gs-sl'a-s Sc^2^P.S'igS;5^.ar ~ " !«> b; 2 a •" a o jc a a « 2 g '-« = £■ a >> 2 £ = '■« a ■ - a a"^ « £ 5 o a Tf^ a &< P- c « h ■5^ t: t^z; 5 t -~ =— ^ o •" £ ••>- i; ^ _ m ^ f~. ^ <» S ^' <) = S r- c 3; c3 © O OT . I— . — ^ .i- o a ? c -a H .^ ._ ,-- i^ ,:::; r' X O^ +3 x .2 x , o 3 c .a -♦^ -a • H H a K a t^ ce ^ — -^ ;:: X o a C4 CO CD CO ■»1-( -*« t~ CI 1-1 05 -^ o o ro 05 !M ;o o CO CO CO lO 'Tf c^ 1 CO O r-< 00 C5 o -* IS . ^^ P<-S Ci^ ^^ o ,J3 o m 2 s> h .- i- . a o ^ >j t- X ^ 5 .. a ^ . o .5 -H ■" n ^ -C (— I -a 2 o ^ =- •- t3 C3 I— « o Hi d .a OS W a C ^ Hi fee a hs » a o W. 12 I ^ O C3 a ^ u o 3 1^ c S3 t< M c^mSmH ,ii"m g a >< -^ a ^ a ^ ^ a a a o P4 .2 "S « p a PL| o W 3 .2 3 Q K a ° o fee .a 2 'a • 2 ® •-^ t^ ^ -^ a *^ a --^'2.5 5 o i-l3 o N .a M C3 H ^ 764 PAPERS ACCOMPANYIXG THE Table No. 12. — Xuinber of iicns'wn claivis filed and allowed each year since July, 1S61, amount paid on account of Army. Kavy. Army and Xavy. War of 1812. Fiscal ye.ir Apjilicntioiis tikd. ATiplications tiled. Cl.aims allowed. A pplications Hied. Claims allowed. Juuo 30— Invalid-s. TTid- ows, etc. Invalids. Wid- ow.s, etc. Invalids. T\'id- ows, etc. • Sur- vi»i-s. Wid- ows. Sur- vivors. Wid- ows. 1861 ^ 1862 1.362 26. 380 20, 263 27. 299 35, 799 15, 905 7, 292 11,035 12, 991 8, 837 8, 857 8,728 9,302 11,926 17, 030 16, 532 18,812 36, 835 110, 673 18, 455 29, 004 35, 039 28. 962 27, 959 35, 202 36, 484 47, 505 52, 152 71, 570 20, 519 17, 432 9,213 i, OLIO 22, 377 32, 027 44,464 28, 732 20, 265 13, 090 14, 496 11,400 8,985 6, 755 6,427 5,603 5, 294 5,264 5,269 6,661 9,767 25. 602 10, 527 10, 349 11.878 11, 289 11,557 13, .328 15, 759 18,444 23, 597 28, 365 17, 521 15, 765 12, 000 60 290 385 455 850 250 170 290 200 190 240 248 228 810 844 271 300 599 1,361 515 472 777 671 725 862 836 1,251 1,312 2,162 1,404 742 654 65 285 324 460 375 333 207 245 200 142 178 120 151 178 130 97 131 215 559 225 211 251 244 277 265 338 427 579 788 590 404 358 413 4,121 17, 041 15,212 22. 883 16, 589 9,460 7, 292 5,721 7,934 6,468 6, 551 5.937 5,760 5,300 7, 282 7,414 7, 242 10, 176 21, 394 22, 946 32, 014 27, 414 27, 580 8i, 937 35, 283 35. 843 36, 830 50, 395 41,381 17, 876 10, 232 49 3,763 22, 446 24,959 27, 294 19, 893 19, 461 15. 904 12, 5(10 8.399 7,244 4, 073 3, 152 4,736 4,376 3,801 3,550 3,379 4,455 3,920 3,999 5,303 6,366 7,743 8,610 11.217 10, 816 11, 924 14,612 11, 914 7, 287 7,295 1863 1864 1865 t 1806 1 1867 1868 1,^69 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 20,741 6,546 1.481 737 425 319 198 2,786 811 295 109 85 61 52 27 24 17 23 14 166 11 11 5.074 3, 815 1.299 713 571 436 348 15, 897 8,891 2,976 1,285 818 770 567 373 304 313 223 183 16 140 71 49 198 17, 504 3,186 503 240 73 57 817 2,548 284 115 26 23 24 1 8 l 2 31 3,117 2,242 SIO 416 108 126 181 18, 177 4, 630 1,965 693 822 388 426 305 231 251 181 108 79 46 16 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888. V 1889 1890 1891 1892 .... 1893 Total... 835,354 474,400 18,984 l 9,358 1 1 559,981 304,500 34, 939 45, 132 25, 711 35, 409 In the total number of applications filed in 1893 are included 65,002 invalids and 20,914 widows, etc., nurses. In the number of claims allowed in 1893 are included 62,291 invalids and 36,917 widows, etc., In the number of pensioners ou the roll, under the heads of '■invalids " and ' ' widows, etc.," are respect- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 765 and the namhcr of pensioners on the rolls at the close of each year, together icith the annual pensions since Jidjj 1, ISCO. "War with Mexico. Total rTi„A..l Xumlicr of ponsioners on tlie roll. ^^S"*""^ Claims allowed. Invalids. "Widow.s. etc. Total. Disbursements. Sur- vivors. WiJ- ows. Sur- "SVid- vivors. i ows. cations Hied. allowed. 1 4,337 4,341 7,821 23, 479 35, 880 55, 652 69, 565 75, 957 82, 859 87. 521 93. 394 113,954 119, 500 121, 628 122, 989 124, 239 128, 723 131, 649 138, 615 145, 410 104. 110 182, 633 206, 042 225, 470 247, 146 270, 346 306, 298 343, 701 373, 699 415, 654 536. 821 703, 242 759, 706 4.299 3,818 6.970 27, 050 50, 106 71,070 83,618 93, 686 105, 104 111,165 114. 101 118, 275 118. 911 114, 613 111,8,32 107, 898 103, 381 92, 349 104, 140 105,392 104, 720 103, 064 97, 616 97, 286 97, 979 95, 437 99, 709 108, 856 IIR, 026 122, 290 139, 339 172, 826 206, 306 8,630 8,159 14, 791 51, 135 85, 986 126, 722 153. 183 169,643 187. 963 198, 686 207. 495 232. 299 238, 411 236. 241 234. 821 232, 137 232. 104 223. 998 242, 755 250, 802 268, 830 285, 697 303, 658 323, 756 345, 125 365, 783 406, 007 452, 557 489, 725 537, 944 676, 160 876, 068 966. 012 $1, 072, 461. 55 790. 384. 76 2,487 49, 332 53, 599 72, 684 65, 256 ,36,753 20, 768 26, 066 24, 851 43. 969 26, 391 18. 303 16, 734 18, 704 23, 523 22, 715 44, 587 57, 118 141,406 31,116 40. 939 48, 776 41, 785 40, 918 49, 895 72, 405 75, 726 81, 220 10.5, 044 363, 799 198, 345 119,301 462 7,884 39, 487 40, 171 50, 177 36, 482 28, 921 23. 190 18, 221 16,562 34, 333 16. 052 10, 462 11.152 9.977 11, 326 11,962 31, 346 19, 545 27. 394 27, 664 38. 162 34, 192 35, 767 40, 857 55, 194 00, 252 51,921 66, 637 156, 486 224, 047 121, 630 1 1,025 139 91 4, 504, 616. 92 8, 525. 153. 11 13, 459, 996. 43 18. 619, 956. 46 24, 010, 981. 99 28. 4''2 884 08 27, 780 811 81 i 33. 077, 383. 63 1 30, 169. 341. 00 1 29, 185, 289. 62 30, 593, 749. 56 29,683,116.63 1 28, 351, 599. 69 I 1 28, 580, 157. 04 26. 844, 415. 18 1 1 1 1 33, 780, 526. 19 \ 1" ■ 57, 240, 540. 14 r ■■ 50, 626, 538. 51 1 54, 296, 280. 54 60,-431,972.85 57, 273, 536. 74 :;:::::: 65, 693, 706. 72 64, 584, 270. 45 74,815.486.85 79, 646, 146. 37 89, 131, 968. 44 106, 493, 890. 19 118, 548. 959. 71 141, 086, 948. 84 158, 155, 342. 51 14, 735 5,045 2,032 1,009 706 395 428 3,983 2,808 1,301 968 875 759 794 7, 552 9,048 1, 722 794 336 416 205 003 4, 201 1,206 678 385 550 440 24, 350 11. 483 20, 073 8,303 2.034.695 1, 357, 921 1, 576, 503, 544. 42 under the act of June 27, 1890; 4,505 survivors and 4,514 widows of the Indian wars, and 9.30 Army under the act of June 27, 1890; 2.599 survivor.s andl.o47 widows of the Indian wars, aud2SG Aimy nurses. Ively included all male and female pensioners of every class. 766 PAPERS ACCOMPANYIXG THE Taule No. 13. — Army inralUl claims under the general laiv aUoived each year since July and alloived in the report years, giviny also the tvliole niimher filed each Tears in wliich claim-' were filed. The several ycar.s in which the claiin.s were allowed and the number allowed each year. 1862. 1803. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 4 147 109 122 202 139 59 102 132 125 214 253 243 483 1,844 2,217 908 1862.. 1863 305 258 3,057 131 9. 331 7,303 27 1,138 3,459 10, 045 19 517 844 7,819 12, 724 20 395 562 1,863 9,292 3,586 12 11 235 185 253 166 685 417 2. 511 1, 1-50 3,0261,132 12 143 114 223 529 525 421 2,208 20 293 239 .382 732 724 502 1,284 3,094 342 6 156 139 198 440 349 218 493 1,039 1,946 434 6 110 96 132 251 356 196 3O0 799 1,055 1,638 16 129 107 100 211 149 172 182 441 438 1.018 4 159 101 92 185 153 89 142 273 348 371 fi7d 5 121 84 96 145 88 56 124 107 214 278 342 606 2, 243 624 7 139 126 113 187 154 62 97 197 149 276 461 593 1,169 2,595 777 1864 1865 1 1866.. 1867 1 1S68 1,641 1,692 •> 2:iS 1869 1870 j 1,040 1871 1 1 1872 1 1 1873 1 1 1,3221.762 1874 1 . . 1 794 1 . 86fl 1875 937 1876 1877 1878 1879 18S0 1 1 1881 - 1882 1883 t . 1884 _ 1885 1886 1887 1888 18S9 1890 1891 1892 1893 ■Total 30513, 915 16, 70514, 669 1 ! 1 21, 923 15, 718 1 8, 903 6, 991 5,215 7,012 6,018 6,2615,519 5,307 i 5,193 7,102 7,303 Note. — The total number, 10,029, of claims allowe 273 455 750 559 478 349 461 323 277 239 158 176 137 52 22 9,54" 608 758 1,219 905 773 578 030 570 565 413 316 338 267 77 38 13, 118 1,464 1,003 1,570 1,050 1,006 709 740 698 618 444 331 340 284 79 29 13, 419 2,568 1,806 2,385 1,400 986 888 879 816 773 559 413 475 326 111 47 15, 340 778 2,685 7,767 4,865 4,116 2,298 2, 045 1,819 1,618 1,065 836 870 605 205 79 31, 651 203 2,358 155 9,825 17,626 12,277 9,706 9,529 7,880 5,613 3,895 4,159 2,814 099 472 87, 416 157 133 1,350 1,485 582 1,051 2, 326 2,579 917 1,499 2,245 2,517 2,434 810 1,555 2,667 3,279 3,092 3,901 883 1, 463 2,526 3,188 2.736 3,443 5,842 1,506 1,109 2, 038 2,720 2,363 2,696 5, 423 6, 383 2,2-34 909 1,512 2,090 1,834 2,038 3,849 5,317 9,499 1, 557 1,030 1,709 2,303 1,929 2,182 3,714 4,967 9,240 12, 180 2,407 799 1,228 1,695 1,380 1,429 2,163 2,826 4,476 7,784 10, 375 706 259 427 618 521 503 698 948 1, 626 2,555 5, 232 1,8J4 207 102 200 283 248 226 380 483 789 1,512 2, 886 1. 230 612 6U 12, 038 18, 496 i 21, 854 I 17, 454 17, 228 1 22, 952 1 22, 430 1 . , 27,864 i 25, 588 !:::::: 20, 900 1 — .. 1 3, 746 1 "J i 819 69 7,073 9,718 20, 912 22,615 31, 758 27, 117 27, 225 31, 552 34, 702 35, 089 35,999 49, 453 40, 453 17,42510,029 545,989 1 1 Years in which claims were tiled. Xnmber of invalid claims filed each year. Per cent of claims allowed of each years filing. ! Tears in which claims were filed. Number of invalid claims filed each year. Per cent of claima allowed of eacii year 3 filing. 1862 1,302 26, 380 20, 263 27. 299 35, 799 15, 905 7, 292 11.035 12, 991 8,837 8,857 8,728 9,302 11, 920 17, 030 10, 532 18,812 83.0 77.4 1 82.4 90.2 88.6 84.6 87.1 84.5 84.3 81.2 80.4 87.2 80.1 80.0 77.0 81.2 81.5 1879 36, 835 110,673 IS. 455 29, 004 35, 039 28, 962 27, 959 35, 202 36, 204 47, 349 51,919 71,318 20, 199 17, 254 9,120 8o. 4 1863 1880 79.0 1864 1881 65.2 18G5 1882 63.7 18G6 1883 62.3 1867 1884 60.2 1868 1885 61.6 1869 1886 65.2 1870 1887 1888 61.9 1871 58.8 1872 1 1889 49.4 1873 1890 27.9 1874 1891 13.6 1875 1892 4.7 1870 , '] 1893 0.075 1877 Total 1878 833, 342 768 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Taiu.e No. 14. — Statement showing the different monthly rates of j^ension and the numher pensioned at each rate of the Army and Xavy invalids, of the Army and Xavy widoics, minoi's, and dependents (u-ar of ISGl) on the rolU under the general late, June 30, 1S93, and a similar classification of those on the rolls at the same date under the act of June 27, 1S90, and as survivors and icidows of the uur of 1812 and with Mexico. Hato. Invalids. Widows, etc. Eate. Invalids. Widows, etc. Army. Xavy. Total. Army. Navy. Total. Army. Xavy. Total. Army. Na^^y. Total. $1.00 2. 00 9 10, 066 1 1 3 574 1 ioG 37, 486 148 518 1 22 4 9 36, 364 42 3 1 65 349 10 C2, 386 1 12 462 1 5 469 13 10 3 31, 189 1 6 10 1 1 1 65 1C9 1 16 8 50, 297 1 14 131 307 598 4 4 22 1 7 20, 634 17 4 3 ?, 844 3 "ii',b:h 8 14 17 1 ' 11 10 108 10.174 $17. 00 17. 25 17.50 17. 75 18. 00 18.25 18.50 18.75 19.00 19.25 19.50 20.00 20.25 20.50 20.75 21.00 21.25 21.50 22. 00 22. 50 23.25 23.75 24.00 24.50 25.00 25.25 25.75 26. 25 20.75 27.00 27.50 28.00 28.75 29.50 30.00 30.75 31.00 31. 25 32. 00 32.50 33.00 33.50 35.00 35.50 36.00 37.00 37.50 38.50 40. 00 40.25 45.00 48.00 49. 00 50.00 51.00 53. 00 55.00 57.00 60.00 72.00 75. 00 90.00 100. 00 166. 66| 208. 33i 416. 665 Total . 26, 971 1 24 2 1,679 i.^ 101 13 6 '5,' 239 1 1 2 2 4 '"3," 177 105 2 2 21, 889 2,999 1 6 1 978 8 1 1 "is," 608 3 32 i 2 3,076 i 53 """2,' 503 2 2 395 079 97 943 2.471 5 2,47c 2 ' 3 2.25 ""ih i 4 1 1 3 593 1 1 no 10 ""36 5 2 3 135 74 '"'292 91 28 247 3 6 2 2 4 2 34 2 1,709 5 17 104 14 6 3 5,374 1 2 4 3 4 1 3,251 113 2 2 22, 181 2 3,090 1 3 6 3 1,00c 8 1 1 1 15, 855 1 4 32 3 6 3 2 G 2 1 2 50 2. GCj 1 60 1 61 3.00 1 'J. 12\ 1 3. 25' 3.75 4.00 472 37 Q.1S 4. 25 ""37 i "353 1 i 4 1 SOS ...... 3 7 4 418 2 7 ...... 4 9 148 555 1 5.00 2, Gil 156 2, 7G7 5.25 5. 3:i\ 23 4 9 36, 717 43 3 1 65 5. G0| - 5. 75 6. 00 6.25 6. 37i 6 75" 7. 00 7.25 1 1 7.50 353 11 63, 194 1 i 2 7 75 8.00 8. 12i 584 i2: 5961 724 124 848 8. 25' 12 402 ] 5 472 13 17 8. 50 8. 62i 8. 75' 1 9 00 9 25 " 9.50 9.75 7 31, 607 1 8 17 1 1 12 1 10.00 10. 20 5 1 6 695 213 908 10. 25 10. 50 1 10. G2t 1 1 10. 00'-- 10. 75 n 00 69 11.25 178 1 11.33J 2 2 1).5U 4 20 38 3.114 1]. 75 3 563 ] ""26 1 8 8 6 i 193 3 3 "'"95 1 2 11 50, 860 1 1 i 1 1 23 4 1 1 1 54 1 2,526 2 2 399 12. 00 12. 12i 98, 920 1,880 100, 800 1 1 12. 25 14 157 308 GOG 12 4 28 1 8 20, 827 20 7 3 2,939 1 5 p, .. 14 4 18 12 50 12. 75 2 2 i;!. 00 U. 25 : 13. 33J Gl 1 63 124 13. 50 1 13. 00 1 1 1 11 3,085 1 2 27 """98 3 1 1 1 11 3,183 1 2 30 ■13.75 1 14.00 3 3 14. 25 1 1 14.50 14.75 5 5 15 00 1,452 119 1,571 15.25 15 5 1 2 2 1 17 15.50 6 15.75 1 16. 00 173' 17.249 1 1 2 2 16 ''5 1 4 9 18 17 ..|- . . 3 6.50 360, 658 4, 782 365, 440 107, 639 2, 583 110, 222 16. 75 KEPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 769 Table No. 11. — Statement shoxving the different monthhj rates of pension and the number pensioned at each rate, etc. — Coiitiiiued. ACT OF JUNe"27, 1820. Eate. Invalid.^. Widovrs, etc. Army. Navy. Total. Army. Navy. Total. $6.00 C9, 818 5 79, 464 17, 067 1 108, 729 2,682 72, 500 5 82, 132 17, 650 1 204, 909 7 00 1 8.00 2,608 589 68,526 1 3,956 72,482 10 00 11. 00 12. 00 6,180 9,312 i 158 9,470 Total 305, 084 12, 119 377, 203 77, 838 4,114 81, 952 War of 1812. War with Mexico. Kr.to. Surviv- ors. Widows. Total. Surviv- ors. 1 Widows. Total. i $8.00 80 80 5,410 14, 093 4 2 2 7,302 2 21 -^dS 12.00 5, 410 (J 15. 00 2 16. 00 1 1 4 1 1 5 2 18. 00 20. 00 1 23 2 11 7 1 1 3 2 '^5 24.00 ■J 25. 00 1 3 1 7 2 8 5 1 1 ."J 12 30 00 g 40. 00 1 50. 00 1 72. 00 3 Total 86 5,425 5,511 14, 149 7, 369 91 518 Ab. 93- -49 770 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Table No. 15. — The number of pensioners in each State and Territory of the United States and in each foreign counlrji on the rolls June SO, 1S9S, and the amountjmid for pensions during the fiscal year 1S93 in each State and Territory and each foreign country. Uiiited States. Alabama Alaska Territory Arizona Territory Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia - . . Florida Georgia Idabo Illinois , Indiana Indian Territory .' loTva '. Kansas Kentucky , Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Mlcbigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana , Nebraska , Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico Territory , New York '. . North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Territory . . . Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Territory Vermont Virginia AVashington "West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming No. 9, 12, C, 11, 2, 8, 2, 3, 08, 68, 2, 38, 4:;, 30, 4, 20, 13, 40, 45, 16, O '*> 53, 1, IS, 20, 3, 88, 4, 1, 102, 4, 3, 05, 4, 1, 5, 16, 7, 10, 7, 4, 13, 27, 487 21 503 704 523 001 015 690 C05 468 017 859 718 806 341 100 353 055 315 370 113 305 309 303 971 439 095 119 235 705 507 099 473 741 514 981 002 922 822 221 C36 070 343 471 702 068 739 683 290 612 570 Total 901,917 Amount. $450, 2, 84, 1, 523, 2, 080, 924, 1, 340, 458, 1, 713, 370, 365, 132, 11, 019, 11, 703, 312, C, 175, 7, 103, 4, 890, 070, 3,433, 2, 084, 6, 881, 7, '760, 2, 605, 623, 8, 846, 171, 3, 020, 30, 1, 558, 3, 280, 187, 13, 817, 631, 226, 17, 326, 023, 062, 15, 177, 408, 224 82oi 2, 922, 1,025, 104, 1, 706, 1, 199, 706, 2, 130, 4, 378, 90, 102. 15 995. 33 072. 55 308. 58 684. 12 354. 14 354. 07 058. 62 739. 97 496. 07 573. 01 714. 48 932. 98 434.01 246.12 811.71 003. 74 817. 13 219. 86 172. 33 875. 19 243. 00 227. 02 437. 30 442. 66 521. 92 650. 77 287. 21 609. 28 429. 25 172. 94 029. 29 895. 87 740. 24 432. 82 682. 81 643. 85 877. 25 339. 44 801. 38 825. 44 874. 01 002. 57 377. 80 864. 07 005. 90 388. 62 434.16 009. 72 353. 50 873. 25 156,073,500.10 Foreign countries. Argentine Republic Australia Austria-Hungary Bahama Belgium Berinuda Bolivia Brazil British Columbia Bulg.aria Canada Central America Chile China Comoro Islands Corea Cuba Denmark Fiji Islands Franco . . . i. Germany Great Britain Greece Guatemala Hawaii Honduras India Italy Japan Libiria Madeira Malta i. Mauritius Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Norway Peru Portugal Eoumania Russia Slam St. Helena South African Republic. . . Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey AYest indies Total Addresses unknown Grand tot.al No. 3 26 19 1 8 3 1 2 37 2 ,002 7 6 6 1 1 2 20 1 55 590 740 1 1 21 3 4 30 4 3 1 2 2 57 13 3 2 30 3 2 1 3 1 1 4 7 32 83 3 6 3,850 239 966. 012 Amount. $393. OO 4,471.80 3, 594. 00 72.00 2, 056. 53 385. 00 96.00 132. 00 6, 790. 03 540. 00 345, 088. 92 674. 94 794. 53 • 1,210.40 54.07 360. 00 240. 00 3,411.93 S6. 00 10,580.07 98. 650. 33 120, 990. 48 360. 00 120.00 3,493.00 36.00 .531. 20 6, 447. 80 924. 12 216. 00 108. 00 252. 00 140. 00 11, 058. 00 2, 229. 33 348. 00 339. 20 6, 690. 76 882. 54 232. 80 240. 00 564. 60 271. 20 179. 60 801. 00 1,371.73 5, 839. 80 14, 905. 33 598. 40 1, 104. 00 660, 967. 04 156, 740, 467. 14 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 771 o •panjooy OS •© Ci O lO CO c> M* -* -t 00 00 00 * »-H O O I- CO Ci C-] C-5 -X -* CT >-l CI t- 'J^ 1* -T r-5 cj o ^^ o t^ ro O M -« (M — < r; o> — * — m o o CI * t^ t^ O l> w c* •S3^B0i[dn(i •jBijnamaxcIdns •2681 'tl ^inr •0681 t •JBjn W :5 r-l CC M r-l ■JT!) •(SJB3J 8881 'I, ontif •9881 "t -Sny •noi|T3Jo:}S3jj ■ouserajj t~ -5t~ r^ « -^ CO T C 00 O .-< -91 O -* t~ l- O •068T 'iS ennp JO ^OB '•o:>3 'lenoijippY •osttajonj t* cs -^ cc t- o •-H ro -^ m •'i' o 00 »-l C^l l^ UO CI to ^ ::^ o ^ CO rH t^ C5 rt O 00 I— 1 t^ -TH w r-l CO C f ^ r-T i-T T-T r-T •sosjna i!cujY ^ S S o cs rt ■SJiOpiAi. •BJOAIAjng •8AiOpijj\^ ■SIOAIAatlg Of: •BAVOpiji^ • OOM rHr-l •epriBAnj; i-iiHMOC (Mi-I 2=^ •eAiOpTA\ •ejOATAjng o ha <) -piAi 'A ABU •spii -■BAnt AABJJ -piAi 'SmxY f-t O • (M i-H t- O t-J t^ t-H O CO CI -t ro -J- o iH C^l i-l -^ CO -^ 00 !M O t^ O ■* lO t- CC -i* 00 O c-1 X r-( lt: I- t- ■em -■BAni AuiJY •n Wr-IO ooo t— uo iO -rr --# CO lO CO (M t^ CJ O o'kTi TjH"io"crod" •OL)a 'sAioptj^i^ •BpnuAnj a •0;o 'BAiOpi A\ ■spjiuAnj a o t> c: CO t> o i-< lO CI •-< C^l '* T-H ''f r^ C3 CC ^ O CO Ci V Oi li^ l?3 ■V ITS IC t' t- O O O CO Oi (M -^ cc --. c; »o c^ '■^ CJ CJ »0 C5 OO t? oo T 1 ro ^^ O t- O iC -J M ec in c: CI ^ o c^ -n- en o ci r^ C] r- ( ^ C* C) O o -t" -— ' ■— ' a: rs cs c; o to -f =• itz c^ c-i Oi ■^ -t if^ Cl '-^ t> CO CO ?^ CO O -^ CD CO lO "^ r-( f-< IC CI CI (:•- '^ o in 1-1 CI CI CO r-t O I cq I r^ «-* i-J iH i-H CO •rt c-^ t» oo — * o 05 CO 1-- C: t- T-H T-l C-J .-I CI CI O CO 00 o O Ci ^ CO i-( iH Tt'Cl CJ O CI lA t- .— i O m '^ T »o -f :o TT rH .-I O OC O cfw CO cq'c) ci CO <-( t^ i—i Cl CO »— ' l^- >0 C5 Cl 00 00 t* CO »0 CJ CO '^\o:x>io^tn OOCO-rf I>OJ CI r-lCJ iC CO O CI CI o O CI CI 1-H CI I— ' •*«* CO CD t- O "* CO C3 CI CO CO I> CI >C CO O 05 t^- 00 tr- t— 00 UO '^ 03 g a o oo" PI o 00 rt Q CO •a g 3 t« o a 3 )-3 3 o o 2^ 24.- •^ cj tig 772 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Table No. 17. — Detailed report of work completed in the Army and Navy survivors' division from July 1, ISO;?, to June 30, 1S93, inclusive, showing number of names, ivith post-office addresses, supplied to the adjudicating divisions, the special examination division, and to claimants or their attorneys. Eii stern division Miildlo division "Western division Southern division Old AVaV and Kavy division. . Special examination division. Miseellaneous calls Total. Total names. 25. 676 29. 712 42, 877 35, 922 8,405 3,716 91,441 Total cases. 2,539 2,853 4,019 3, 751 1,405 407 14, 394 237, 749 29, 3G8 Special names. 839 1,098 1,499 1,183 1,711 244 13, 867 20.441 Total number of names, witli post-office addresse.s, furnished in 29,368 cases 237, 749 Addresses supplied to spe<:ified names 20, 441 Circular list of otHcers and comrades 14. 394 Letters and circular letters 1, 040 Statistical cards written (Julj 1, 1892, to April 1, 1893) 188. 777 Calls on Adjutant-General, L . S. Army 1, 205 Calls on Surgeon-Gener.il, U. S. Army 392 Calls on Navy Department 456 Post-otlico addresses of surgeons furnished 4, 728 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 773 t^ -* Tt< CO ic CI Ti ^M--r -t tc ^ ro :o c: th c; r: CM 1— < i.*^ i.-^ :c t- o lO m -n-'e-f-* -* o'cTr^'f-ro' t-H — -t cc iTii 00 O -I" C^I CJ rM >* O « t^ 00 -^ CO i-H . IM N iH M C2 - c: C-. o o ooiftO cc w :^ C-. o -# r-To'sT •CO O CI o O .-I t.'^>r^ci-i'i^moc2aoo'^i^oocsomost-cD-*ocodcoo O CS CO C:J t— O — 1' C/j I' 00 'S' r-< i-H «^ -+ -t< ;s CJ i--D -* o o :OC3 OC^KMO^C^CJ t-ITH CJSOt-CCT-^CC^. oco to = CC X t~ c^ cac^oco ■ge- •«-*icj rH CO c:> »-( f-H M o o> C5 1-1 <1 »0 OS 00 <3 O CO «:3 OC lO tH 05 cix*cxx»-it^o«:o»nooir>(Miri CO uo rr ro cr: ir^ Ci o l~ c; CO 00 ^H t* ICiiO I— 1»— C^O^^C^ M-Bji c^Cior^oocoixoo ^OCiCO'.fCOi-tCOO o -t IC X -^ CO X CO CO r^ o CM CM to CMC^C CO -* CM X w CO »-l o cs CM CM CIX -f X o r^ CO ;■: L' c. 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''■" ."til ^ **-• jz; ■ ■ • u ' '^ 5 '-' 5 '^ •rH c a ^ . a-^'"'^ a c_ o ^ c3 a a a n! c; - a a a fct it. y. :i tt ti s- a a, 'E 'S 'E 'tl 'E 'G f^" ° 'T ooocco m tJOO a t*"^ 4) a t< a 03 <» ;aJ3S a M r; +^ t^ ^ a:=" o a f ctS ,^ o a a ei q .£ a O m .J O a s s " <^ (^ O (-1 'r^ "H C«"Sr:i m ^aaXa a tH ^ K^ "^ ^ -^ o o o >-'^ a ij a a p.:;: S 5 2 H a? o c a -*j o " i a &-S-3 2 cc ^ C to tr. & S"^ fc. ^H ffl j; S CO in o t^ o ^ a i^ m WJ 2 ° ■=8 CO 1-s 0? '^ X ^ .23 2 "3 !> iilcre ionO ppea c-a n 2 V, to O f 15 r-5 gal o a 2 ^.2 s 3 a =* a— 1^3 m "3 a. "3 Sa •— a.a ^ •^.2-3 ^3.2 p O QO r- ^£| ■*^ 2 o a. er . ................ 76 81 26 102 18 1 2 21 1 Total 149 114 1 "' 44 2 107 RECAPITULATION. ORIGINAL APPEALS. Appeals pending July 1, 1893 4, 457 Appeals filed from Jvily 1, 1893, to November 1, 1893 591 Total 5,018 Appeals wherein Pension Office was sustained 1, 140 Appeals wherein Pension Office was reversed 47 Ajipeals reconsidered by Pension Office pending appeal 21 Axjpeals dismissed 222 - Total '. 1,430 Appeals pending Kovemher 1, 1893.. ,. 3, 618 MOTIONS FOK KECONSIDERATION. Motions for reconsideration ponding July 1, 1893 148 Motions for reconsideration tiled from July 1, 1893, to November 1, 1893 26 Total : 174 Motions for reconsideration overruled .*. 58 ^Motions for reconsideration sustained 3 Motions for reconsideration allowed by Pension Office 3 Motions for reconsideration dismissed 4 Total 68 Motions for reconsideration pending November 1, 1893 106 FEE APPEALS. Fee appeals pending July 1, 1893 99 Fee appeals filed from J uly 1, 1893, to November 1, 1893 149 Total 258 Fee appeals wherein Pension Office was sustained 114 Fee appeals wherein Pension Office was reversed 7 Fee appeals reconsidered by Pension Office pending appeal 44 Fee appeals dismissed ." 2 Total '. 167 Fee appeals pending November 1, 1S93 81 COKRESrONDEXCE. Letters referred to the Commissioner of Pensions 3, 709 Letters sent 2, 801 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 781 THE WORK. The busiuess transacted, as indicated by tlie foregoing tabulated statements, bas been accomplished with commendable thoroughness, and bears testimony to the industry, efficiency, and cheerfulness with Avhich the members and employes of the board of pension appeals liave labored to dispose of the number of appeals and motions for reconsideration with which the docket has been crowded. Your atten- tion is called to the fixct of the comparativelj^ few instances wherein the action of the Comrdissioner of Pensions has been overruled in pro- portion to the whole number of claims considered, evincing, as it does, the care with which the rulings of the Department are followed and observed by the Bureau of Pensions. The instances where the action of the Commissioner has been reversed on appeal are chiefly in cases wherein the evidence was of a more or less conflicting, doubtful, or complicated character, or in which arose certain questions of law the proper decision of which required an authoritative expression of opinion from this Department. RECENT IMPORTANT DECISIONS. Since my incumbency of the office of Assistant Secretary of this Department, several very important decisions have been rendered which have tended to change to some extent, and, it is believed, improve the practice of the Bureau of Pensions in the adjudication of iiension cases, and by which some grave errors in the administration of the pension laws have been corrected. One of the most important of these, and the one which has been most far reaching in its effects and conse- quences, and has attracted public attention and comment to a greater degree than any other, was the decision rendered May 27, 1893, in the case of Charles T. Bennett, late of Company P, Thirteenth Indiana Yolunteers, by which the proper and legal basis of pension under the second section of the act of June 27. 1890, was defined, and in pursu- ance of which you revoked Order No, 161 of the late Commissioner of Pensions, and abrogated the illegal and imi)roper practices thereunder. Although said decision has been very severely criticised in certain quarters, it is to be noted that it is strictly in line with decisions of my immediate predecessors in the cases of Washington Borden, rendered August 3, 1892 (G P. D., 17) ; Patrick Carroll, rendered Februarv 1, 1893 {Ibid., 259), and Henry H. Weike, rendered January 7, 1893 {lUd., 193). Under this decision the practice of the Bureau of Pensions has been made to conform to the provisions of the law, and the improper and illegal disbursement of very large amounts of i^ublic money has been stopped. Under a decision rendered by me June 27, 1893, the benefits of the act of August 5, 1892, granting pensions to Army nurses, were extended to women who were employed in hospitals suiierintending and preiiaring proper and suitable diet for the sick and wounded under the directions of the surgeons in charge, upon their making the proof and fulfilling the conditions required by the terms of the act, thus securing to this class of most worthy and deserving applicants, who were clearly included within the terms of the statute, their rights thereunder, which had pre- viously been denied them. In the case of Joseph P. Smith, a decision was rendered August 15, 1893, deciding and defining the amount fixed by law for the fees of attorneys in claims for increase of ijeusion under the act of June 27, 782 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 1890, by wliicli a saving of many thousand dollars to i)eusiouers was accompli slied. In the case of Timothy L. Carley, a decision was rendered August 18, 1893, which definitely fixed and established the date of the commence- ment of a pension granted under the provisions of the second section of the act of June 27, 1890, a subject upon which there had x>reviously existed a great deal of uncertainty and confusion in the practice of the Bureau of Pensions. The foregoing are a few of the more important decisions that have been rendered, wherein the former holdings of the Department and the practice of the Bureau have been departed from or inodified, and are merely mentioned to show the character and nature of such changes as I have thought were necessary. In the vast majority of cases decided by me the former rulings and decisions of the Department have been followed, and in no instance have they been disturbed or modified, except where it appeared that the idain requirements of the law or the good of the service demanded such action. In this connection it is proper to state that since the last rejiort of the Assistant Secretary the sixth vohup.eof "Decisions of the Depart- ment of the Interior in Appealed Pension Claims," with a topical index to, and concise notes of, the decisions contained in the six volumes of the series, has been published, embracing the decisions selected for liublication down to March 11, 1893, during the incumbency of my i^red- ecessor. The seventh volume, embracing decisions rendered under my own sui)ervision, is now in course of preparation upon the same plan pursued since the commencement of the publication of the series. RULES or PRACTICE. Upon taking charge of the office of Assistant Secretary I soon discov- ered that the practice of this Department and of the Bureau of Pensions relative to the granting, hearing, and adjudication of appeals in pension and fee cases was in a very unsatisfactory state. Itules of practice in ai)peal cases had, from time to time, been promul- gated by former Secretaries of the Interior, but ai)pear to have never been strictly enforced, and had been suffered, to a great extent at least, to fiill into disuse. I therefore prepared a new code of rules for the government of the practice of this Department and the Bureau of Pensions in appealed liension cases, which were submitted to you, and apinoved and promul- gated September 9, 1893. Jt is believed that a strict enforcement of these Eules of Practice will not only tend to expedite the business of the Department and the Bureau, but will be of great benefit to both the attorneys and claimants for pension. REORGANIZATION OF THE BOARD OF PENSION APPEALS. The membership of the board of pension appeals having been increased by the a(;t of Congress making appropriation for the legis- lative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1887, from three to nine, the board was reorgan- ized in October, 1880, by an order of the Secretary of the Interior, into three divisions, each consisting of three members. These divisions acted upon appeals independently and without direct reference to each EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 783 otlier, tlie controlling idea and purpose of tliis organization being tliat each division of tlie board should decide and dispose of appeals in certain distinct classes of pension claims, namely: Original invalid claims by one division, increase claims by another, and dependent, widow's, and restoration claims by a third. It was, however, very soon rendered manifest that this division of the work was wholly impracti- cable, owing to the impossibility of the Bureau of Pensions to report upon the appealed cases in the order named, and, also, to the fact of the great multiplication of appeals at times in one class of i^ension claims over the others. Therefore, all distinction between the character of the work performed and the class of appealed pension claims passed upon by the different divisions of the board was soon abandoned, but the organization into three separate divisions was continued long after the reason for it had ceased to exist, and notwithstanding the fact that it tended very seriously to impair that harmony of action and uniformity in the decisions of the board which was absolutely necessary to the accomplishment of the best results, and also unnecessarily added very greatly to the labors of the Assistant Secretary. Believing that the work would be greatly benefited, as well as^ expe- dited, by a different orgariization, I, with your sanction and approval, proceeded, soon after taking charge of this Avork, to reorganize said board into one bodv, under the immediate control of a chairman and assistant chairman, selected from the members of the board, upon the same general plan with all other divisions of your office. This plan of organization has now been in operation for several months, and I am pleased to be able to state that it has fully met my expectations, and has proved highly satisfactory both in rendering the decisions of the board more generally harmonious, in preventing the preparation of con- flicting decisions on'the same subjects, and, also, in expediting the work of the board in disposing of cases on a])peal. Under the present organization of the board all decisions are care- fully reviewed and initialed by the chairman and assistant chairman before being presented to me, when they are again examined, revised if necessary, and then approved and signed. CONCLUSION. In conclusion, I desire to call attention to the fact, appearing from the foregoing supi)lemental tabulated statements, embracing the period from July 1, 1893, to the x>resent time, that for the first time in several years past there has been a steady gain in the number of appeals dis- posed of during the last six months over the number filed during the same period, and it is hoped that by the end of a year from thisdate the present large accumulation of appeals may, in great i)art, be dis- posed of, and the docket cleared of, practically, all but cnrreait business. I am encouraged in this expectation from the t\ict also appearing from the foregoing tabulated statements that on the 15th day of April, 1893, when I entered upon the duties of my office, 5,011 cases were undisposed of on appeal to the Secretary. Besides disposing of cases equal to the number appealed sijjce that date, the accumulated appeals have been reduced to 3,805. Bespectfully submitted. Jno. M. Beynolds, Assistant Secretary. Hon. Hoke Smith. 784 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE EEPOET OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS. Department of the Interior. Census Office, Washin/jton, I). C, July 31, 1893. Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the operations of the Census Office from the date of my last report, June 30, 1892, up to date. The organization of the office into 9 divisions instead of 25, which was efiected previous to the date of my last report, has been continued, and the work of each has progressed satisfactorily and is now nearing completion. CONDITION OF THE REPORTS. In addition to the regular volumes which will form the final report, the following monographs are in i)rint and will soon be x)ublished: Special Report on the Vital Statistics of Baltimore and the District of Columbia. Manufactures of the City of New York. Special Report on Textiles. Special Report on Electrical Industries of New York State. Special Report ou Transportation on the Pacific Coast. Volume I of the Compendium was published more than a year ago, and of the second volume 600 j)ages are plated and 148 are in type. The following volumes of the final report have been published and the first two named distributed: Mineral Resources of the United States. Wealth, Debt, and Taxation — Part i: Public Indebtedness. Alaska. The present condition of all the reports can be seen from the follow- ing table: SUMMARY OF FINAL REPORTS AND COMPENDIUM. Titles. Mineral Industries Wcaltli, Debt, and Taxation , Alaska Indians Transportation Vital and Social Statistics Insurance Mannl'actures Crime, I'auperism, and Benevolence . Cliurches , Population Pish and risheries Education Agriculture Farms, Homes, and Mortgages Compendium — Part T Do Part II Total. Number of pages. Total. In type. Plated 874 902 294 886 560 791 768 328 637 541 1,098 754 8,433 127 108 242 294 328 347 541 148 2,135 874 902 294 759 452 549 474 290 1,098 006 6,298 EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 785 SUMMARY OF BULLETINS. No. of pages.. Regular Bulletins 4, 850 E X tr a B ulle t i ns 1,216 Total ■ 6,066 RECAPITULATION. Final Reports and. Compendium 8,433 Bulletins 6,066 Total 14,499- BULLETINS. The iuimecliate publication by means of preliminary bulletins of results obtained in eacli branch of inquiry has proved a most useful and popu- lar feature of the Eleventh Census. At the date of my last report 223^ of these bulletins, with a total of nearly 5,000 pages, had been published or wei^e at that time in type. Since then 205 have been issued, com- prising about 1,100 .pages. As the final reports approach completion the number of these preliminary x>ublications proportionally decreases;,., and but few more will be necessary. FINANCIAL REPORT. The total disbursements on account of the Eleventh Census up to and including July 31, 1893, amounted to $1,408,582.81, paid from appropriations, as follows: Expenses Eleventli Census $7, 719, 903. 59 Farms, homes, and mortgages 1, 151, 157. 12 Priutijig, engraving, and binding 597, 522. 10 Total 9,468,582.81 The foregoing amount is chargeable to branches of investigations as- follows : Census proper $836, 497. 80 Printing and stationery 737, 4.52. 16 Supervisors 270, 5.54. 99 Enumerators 2,485,622.88 Pojjnlation and social statistics 1, 524, 490. 70 Manufactures 920,945.63 Agriculture 404,207.57 Vital statintics and special classes 301, 330.06^ Wealth, debt, and taxation 18.5,397.29- Farms, homes, and mortgages 1, 169, 766.57 Mines and mining 196, 119. 71- Fish and hsheries 140,256.09 Transportation 140, 786. 61 Insurance 47,598.36 Churches 47,136.51 Paujjerism and crime 60, 419. 88 Total 9,468,582.81. Ab. 93 50 786 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE The follo^yi^8• table gives tlie total number of clerks carried on the i)ay roll during eacli nioutli since the date of luy last report, and is a continuation of the table on page 11 of that report: July, 1892 Auuu.st,1892.... Kci>teml)er,1892. October, 1892 November, 1892 . December, 1892 . .Taiuiarv, 1893... February, 1893 . . Mai-cli,1893 April, 1893 May, 1893 Tune, 1893.. July, 1893 Months. Total Total to June 30, 1892 . Grand total to July 31, 1893 Total number on pay rolls. 1,221 1,228 1,235 1,255 1, 150 1,155 1,174 1,172 1.206 1,177 1,099 1,070 1,050 Total amount of pay rolls. $77, 341. 40 77, 266. 65 74, 932. 25 78, 412. 05 75, 004. 70 73, 670. 50 75, 630. 50 69, 370. 05 77, 203. 45 71,379.55 69, 650. 05 65, 789. 50 60, 207. 20 951, 869. 85 3, 194, 695. 15 4, 146, 565. 00 ADMINISTRATION. * As will be seen by the foregoing table, the clerical force of the office numbered 1,050 on July 31, 1893. The number of eini)loyes was largely reduced last fall, but since then it has not been found possible to make any material decrease without detriment to the work. And yet, although the oflice force has remained nearly stationary, there has really been a very large reduction in the number of employes, as the services of nearly all the special agents engaged in field work and performing other duties outside of the ofBce have terminated. POPULATION DIVISION. In this division the running of the cards through the tabulating machines for the purpose of comi)iling the data called for on the pop- ulation schedule has been continued during the year. In all, three complete runs of the whole number of cards will be necessary. One of these runs had been finished xirevious to the date of my last report. The second run, together Avith 25,000,000 cards of the third run, has been made within the time covered by the present report. As each of these runs involves the handling of over 60,000,000 cards, and as the average daily number -pev clerk is about 5,000, it will be seen that this work involves a great expenditure of time and labor. As stated above, the present run of the cards is the last which involves handling the whole number, but several supplementary com- liilations will remain to be made, such as those for ascertaining informa- tion as to occupations, number of aliens, extent of illiteracy, language, survivors of tlie war, etc. As the results of these compilations, how- ever, relate only to distinct classes of the population, they are naturally among the last secured, and the cards for each class can be sorted out from the main body of the cards and the remainder finally disposed of. As originally coutemx^lated, a thorough compilation and analysis of the facts concerning these and other subjectswas to be made, butthe limi- tation of the office by act of Congress to the present calendar year ren- dered it necessary that the work outlined should be abridged to an EEPOET OF TPIE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 787 extent whicli would permit compilation of tlie most essential features only, and while tlic facts relating to our alien and illiterate population, and to the survivors of the war are important and desirable in connec- tion with the absorbing questions of immigration and x^ensions, the occupations of the people are of still greater statistical importance, and have therefore been given precedence. It is not probable that any of the subjects mentioned can be reached after the completion of the occupation count, which will be next in order and which will take very nearly the whole remaining time. The work of sorting out the cards for the classes mentioned, as well as for those owning or renting homes or farms, which is being done during the present count, will be continued, and at the end all cards for each class will be grouped and most conveniently arranged for the further compilation of any combinations of facts either i)ossible or desirable in relation to that particular class. Eight bulletins were prepared and issued during the year. Part I of the compendium v>^as issued, containing 913 pages of matter, exclusive of that relating to Alaska, which was also revised and preiiared for publication in this division. All of the population matter for Part II of the compendium, making 100 pages, was completed, copy furnished the printer, and page proofs revised. The copy for Part I of the final report upon liopulation, making about 1,000 pages, was transmitted to the i)riuter complete. MANUFACTURES. The tabulation of returns for the general report on all classes of industry for the United States has been completed with the exception of those for the States of Wisconsin and Wyoming, and the comparison of these tabulations with the returns has been completed for the States and Territories in alphabetical order to and including Tennessee. The collection of statistics in the principal cities, which wassuspended June, 1891, was resumed during the past year, and the recanvass in 361 cities completed, about 25,000 additional returns being secured. One hundred and fifty-five bulletins on the manufactures of cities and for selected industries have been published ; also synopses of the reports on the iron and steel industries of the Western States and Kew York and New Jersey. Monographs on the manufactures of the city of ISTew York and on the electrical industries of the State of ISTew York have been sent to the printer. The final report on the manufacture of wool, hosiery and knit goods, cotton, silk, and dyeing and finishing of textiles, has also been prepared, and proof is now being corrected. The special reports on the manufiicture of chemicals and glue, also a partial report on salt, have been prepared, and will soon be in the hands of the printer. The returns for the manufacture of gas, iron and steel, glass, coke, and petroleum have been tabulated for the special reports, and preliminary totals prepared. Keturns for the States and Territories in alphabetical order to and including New York have been tabulated for special reports on agri- cultural implements, brickj^ards, boots and shoes, paper mills, flour and grist mills, cheese, butter, and condensed milk, slaughtering and meat packing, and carriages and wagons, factory product. The returns for shipbuilding and clay and pottery have been tabu- lated on sheets for the general report. About 11,000 returns have been received of special schedules on printing, publishing, and the periodical press. Of these about 9,000 have been tabulated for the special report, and the tabulation of the remaining 2,000 is in progress. 788 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE The tabulation of returns for lumber, sawmills, timber products, and tar and turpentine has been completed, and preliminary totals are being- prepared. Tables of manufacturing industries in 165 cities of 20,000 and over have been completed for nse in the Compendium; also tables for the same cities, giving the data in detail for the final report, together with a full presentation of statistics of labor and wages in 50 selected indus- tries for these cities. AGRICULTURE. During the year this division has been engaged in compiling and tabulating the returns from the agricultural schedules, and has issued the following bulletins; Cereal production in the States of New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl- vania, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Ohio, Michigan, Missouri, Minnesota, Wis- consin, North Daliota, South Dakota, Mississippi, Kentucky, Louis- iana, Tennessee, Texas, Oklahoma; cotton productions com])leted for the United States. A summary has been prepared and bulletins consolidated for the production of cereals for the United States. Bulletins have also been issued on artesian wells used for irrigating purposes and irrigation in the State of Washington. A special report on irrigation has been completed and is being prepared for xmblication. The statistics of neat cattle, dairy products, and swine have been tabulated. Those of sheep and wool are prepared for the final report, and, including the text, are ready for the ])rinter. The statistics of valuation and acreage of farms have been tabulated for 34 States; of grass lands and forage crops for 21 States; of peas and beans for 43 States. FARMS, HOMES, AND MORTGAGES. The tabulation of all particulars has been completed for 4,993,461 mortgages in 31 States, as shown in the following list: Mortgages. Minnesota 390,040 Mississippi 99, 797 Montana 12, 654 Nevada 3,348 New Ilanipslaire 41, 250 New Mexico 7, 459 New York 711,576 Oregon 54, 940 Pennsylvania 1, 038, 982 Rhode Island 31,885 Utah 17,108 Vermont 61, 379 Wisconsin 321, 376 Wyoming 4, 864 Mortgages. Arizona 5, 062 Arkansas 80,673 California 245, 656 Colorado 118,072 Connecticnt 90, 867 Delaware 17, 671 District of Columbia . . . .• 35, 150 Florida 42,039 Georgia 103,274 Idaho 8,087 Indiana 360, 749 Kentucky 168,900 Louisiana 60, 268 Maine 90,343 Maryland 88,129 Massachusetts 250, 880 Michigan 430,883 Total 4,993,461 The work of the year in this tabulation represents 54 per cent of the entire work of tabulation of real estate mortgages. The tabulation for proprietorship of and indebtedness on farms and homes was begun and completed for 5,894,839 families in 23 States, as shown in the following list: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 789 • Families. Arizona 13, 495 Connecticut 165, 890 District of Columbia 43. 9G7 Georgia 352,059 Idaho 18,113 Iowa 388, 517 Maryland 202, 179 Massaclinsetts 479, 790 Minnesota 247, 975 Montana 27. 501 Nevada 10,170 New Ilarapsliire 87,348 New Jersey 308,339 Families. New Mexico 35, 504 New York 1,308,015 Pennsylvania 1, 061, 626 Rhode Island 75, 010 Soutli Carolina 222,941 Tennessee Utah Yermout .. Wisconsin. Wyoming . Uufiuished States (estimated). 334, 194 38, 816 75, 869 335, 456 12, 065 50,000 Total 5,894,839 This work represents 4G per cent of the entire tabulation of proprie- torship and indebtedness. A large area of country was covered by fieldwork in the farm and home investigation, and most of this fieldwork was done during the past year. A novel method was employed in this undertaking, at first experimentally, and subsequently with the assurance that the facts were more trustworthily ascertained and at less expense than they could have been by any other method. Before this i)lan had been found by experiment to be feasible, it had been estimated, in accord- ance with previous experience with statistical fieldwork, that the necessary farm and home fieldwork would cost 8233,425. Under the improved system adopted this work Avas accomx)lished at a total expense of 834,412. Special agents were sent to 1,142 counties, mostly in the Soutli, and through negotiations by mail county clerks were employed to make returns for 254 counties. In all, the fieldwork covered 1,396 of the 2,781 counties of the United States, and from these counties reports were made for 432,412 families. VITAL STATISTICS. In this division the following work has been accomplished since the date of my last report : Tables for Part I of the volume on Yital Statistics have been prepared and are now in the i^rinter's hands. The text for this volume is nearly ready for the i)rinter. Tables for Part II have been compiled and are ready for the compu- tation of ratios. A special report on the vital statistics of Baltimore and the District of Columbia (241 pages) has been prepared and is now in the printer's hands. A similar rei)ort on the vital statistics of New York City and Brooklyn is now being i)repared and will be ready for the i)rinter in from 30 to 60 days. The tables for the final report on social statistics of cities have been completed and are now in the printer's hands. The letterpress is in course of preparation. Fifteen tables for the final reiiort on special classes have been sent to the printer. The distribution and tabulation of tables for the final report have been completed for the insane, the feeble-minded, and the deaf and dumb. CRISIE, PAUPERISM^ AND EENEYOLENCE. In this division 262 final tables have been completed and delivered to the i^rinter, of which 130 relate to prisoners, 67 to juvenile delin- 790 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE qnciits, 1 to statistics of police departments, {fiid Gi to i^aiipers in almshouses. In addition, 249 tables have been completed and are ready to be delivered, of wliicli 3 relate to insane paupers and 24G to inmates of benevolent institutions. Over 600 pages of tables for final report are in type, and liave been read and compared with original copy. Copy has been made of 80 illustrated diagrams for the engraver, to accompany published report. TRANSPORTATION. The final reports on street railroads, Great Lakes and Lake Cham- plain, and the Mississip])i Valley are already printed, and the final report on the Pacific coast is in proof. The work to be done consists of final corrections on the railroad report for 1890 ; general and text tables for the final report on rail- roads for the ten years 1880-1889: text and duplicate set of tables for report on express companies; text and tables for report on canals; text and set of duplicate tables for final report on Atlantic coast; toj)- ical index; and general results, largely text and summary tables. It is expected that all the copy for the two volumes of the final report will be ready for the printer by the middle or end of November. WEALTH, DEBT, AND TAXATION. • The last part of the A'olume on public indebtedness was prei^ared for the printer and the final revision of proofs made, the volume being l)ublished in February, 1893. The tabulation of the statistics of valuation has been the principal work within the year, and complete tables showing in detail valuation and taxation of all places having power to levy a tax, or at least' all such places having a population of 1,000 or upward, have been practi- cally comi^leted and mainly copied for 35 States and Territories, and the remaining ones are well under way. The receipts and expenditures, of schools by counties, of about one- third of the States have been tabulated by geograpical divisions, and text prepared for the x>rinter. A statement showing the financial con- dition 901 of cities, being those having over 4,000 population, has also been jorepared within the year. The receipts and expenditures of municipalities having above 50,000 po])ulation have been carefully revised and submitted to the several municipalities for approval. Statistics showing by counties the estimated true value of taxed real estate and that exempt from taxation in 1800 have also been partly tab- ulated and per capitas computed. REVISION AND RESULTS. This division is engaged in revising compilations made by the several divisions of the Census Office. There were revised during the year 2,514 pages of copy for bulletins and monographs, 8,294 pages of copy for final report, and 1,40G pages of copy for compendium. There were also revised 1,092 pages of proof for bulletins and monographs, 4,340 pages of proof for final reports, 1,799 pages of proof for compendium j in all, 12,214 pages of copy and 7,831 pages of proof. KEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 791 • PRINTINa AND STATIONERY. The followiug work was done by this division during the period cov- ered by this rei^ort : In all, 540 requisitions for printiug were made. Three million one hundred and sixty-two thousand eight hundred and sixty-two copies of tabulation sheets, circulars, etc., were printed under 485 requisitious. Of this number 527,000 coiDies were ruled. There were printed IGO reg- ular and 27 extra bulletins, aggregatiug 700 pages. About 60,000 tab- lets were made. In addition, about 6,000 pages of monographs and final reports were read and revised. An average of 55 i)ersons was employed to accomplish this work. I regret that personal interests compel me to relinquish this work before the office of Superintendent expires by act of Congress, Decem- ber 31, 1893. As this is my last report, I feel it a privilege to say a few words of commendation for those who have shared the burdens and no small part of the responsibilities of the Eleventh Census. The experts and special agents in charge of the several branches of inquiry are allotted their share of the credit in the reports themselves which bear their names. While some of the work has not come cpiite up to the standard we had hoped to attain, for reasons entirely outside of the control of those in charge of it, it can be truthfully said of the Eleventh Census that there has been no absolute failure in any particular. Everything undertaken will be completed, though in some cases with less detail than originally planned. The summary of the condition of the final reports and bulletins given in the beginning of this report shows that up to the 31st of July there have been printed, in round numbers, 14,500 pages. This gives some idea of the magnitude of the work accomplished uj) to the present time. In taking leave of the office, I feel entirely satisfied that each report will be finished by those who have it in charge in accordance with the plans laid down, and with the same* accuracy and earnestness which has characterized the work from the beginning. As I have said, the work of the expert special agents speaks for itself, as their names are attached to the reports. I feel that a mention in a report of this kind of the services of those who have done so much to make the organization of the office creditable and to increase the efticiency of the work, is but inadequate return; yet it is the only way I have of manifesting my gratitude, which is fiir greater than can be expressed in words. My thanks are due to Mr. A. F. Childs, the chief clerk of the office for about three years, whose cooperation was invaluable in all matters relating to the management of the office. Affable, polite, and of infinite tact, he will long be remem- bered as one of the most efficient of executive officers. To Mr. James H. Wardle, who was assistant chief clerk and had charge of the appointment division until his appointment as chief clerk, I am particularly indebted for bringing to the work ten years of experience. Mr. Wardle had charge of closing up the work of the Tenth Census. His energy, decision, and knowledge of all matters relating to census work made his services well-nigh indisioensable to the Elev- enth Census. There have have disbursed from the several funds for the Census Office about $10,000,000, and this work has been in charge of ]\Ir. J, 0. 792 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Stoddartl, for many years one of the most expert disbursing oftieers of the Government. In the myriad accounts of the Census OfQce, the enumerators and special agents alone numbering over 50,000, I have never heard of a voucher having been disallowed or of any diflerence between -the Treasury Department and the Census Office. It would be impossible to conceive, of work of this kind being done with more method, more care, more precision, and with a higher sense of respon- sibility than has been shown by Mr. Stoddard. He certainly deserves the greatest praise for the manner in which he has filled one of the most difficult and responsible positions in connection with the office.- Of my personal and valued friend, Prof. James H. Blodgett, the editor of the census, any expression of appreciation seems tame. With pheriomenal care and earnestness Mr. Blodgett edited niost of the vol- umes of the Tenth Census, and it has fallen to his lot to do similar work for the Eleventh. In work of this kind he has no equal. Honesty of purpose, the highest xiossible conception of the importance of accu- racy and imiiartiality, combined with a general knowledge which is almost phenomenal, are characteristics which are rare and which have proved invaluable to the final work of the census. In my opinion no one could have brought to this position the experience and qualities which have made Prof. Blodgett's work of infinite value in so many directions. The place occupied by Mr. Blodgett in connection with the written reports of the census has been as ably filled by Mr. A. E. Shuman in the statistical branch of the work. A mathematiciau of the highest order, with a departmental experience of fifteen years, including important work for the Tenth Census, Mr. Shuman came thoroughly equipped to take charge of the division of results, w^hicli has been under his charge from the beginning. It is no exaggeration to say that every special agent and expert has had occasion some time during the work to be grateful to Mr. Shuman for the discovery of errors and for valuable sug- gestions in the preparation and presentation of tables. My sincere thanks are also due to Miss Alice Halsey, who, from the beginning to the close of my term of office, has had entire charge of the correspondence of the Superintendent's office, who has recognized no hours save the exacting needs of the office, and whose industry, loyalty, and faithfulness have been appreciated far beyond the expres- sion of words. Egbert P. Porter, Superintendent of Census, The Secretary of the Interior. EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONEE OF EAILEOADS. Department of the Interior, Office of Commissioner of Eailroads, Washington, D. C, ]^oveml)er 1, 1893. Sir: Incompliance with the provisions of the act approved June 19, 1878, entitled "An act to create an auditor of railroad acounts, and for other purj^jses" (20 Stat., 169), I have the honor to submit the fol- lowing report and accompanying exhibits, upon the physical and finan- cial condition of the property and affairs of the several railroad compa- nies coming under the jurisdiction of this Bureau, and which have sub- mitted reports to it during the past year, according to law. REPOKT OF THE SECEETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 793 AUTHORITY CONFERRED BY THE ACT OF JUNE 19, 1878. Tlie title '^auditor of railroad accounts" was clianged to "Commis- sioner of Eailroads" by the act making appropriations for the legis- lative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1882 (21 Stat., 409). Section 2 of the first-named act establishes the office as a bureau of the Interior Department andjirovides for the necessary organization and expenses. Section 3 provides that the duties of the said auditor (Commissioner of Eailroads) shall be to i)rescribe a system of reports to be rendered to him by the railroad companies whose roads are in whole or in part west, north, or south of the Missouri lliver (a line drawn due north and south through the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, has been fixed as the dividiug line), and to which the United States have granted any loan, or credit, or subsidy in bonds or lands; to examine the books and accounts of each of said railroad companies once in each fiscal year, and at such other times as may be deemed necessary, to determine the correctness of any report received from them; to assist the Government directors of the Union Pacific Railway Com- l^auy in all matters which come under their cognizance, whenever they may officially request such assistance ; to see that the laws rela- ting to such companies are enforced; to furnish such information to the several Departments of the Government, in regard to tarifis for freight and passengers, and in regard to the accounts of said rail- road companies, as may be required; and to make an annual report to the Secretary of the Interior (November 1) on the condition of each of said railroad companies, their road, accounts, and affairs, for the fiscal^ year ended June 30, immediately preceding. Section 5 provides the penalty for neglect or refusal on the part of the railroad companies to make such rex>ort as nuiy be called for, etc. ISSUES OF BONDS AND GRANTS OF LAND. The original Pacific Railroad act was approved July 1, 1862 (12 Stat., 480), and authorized the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean. It made a grant of five alternate sections per mile on each side of the road, and authorized the Secretary of the Treasury to issue bonds to the companies; said bonds to be a first lien upon the roadbed, equipment, and certain other prop- erty of the companies. Ko road was constructed under this act, as its terms were not considered sufficiently liberal. The first amendment was approved July 2, 1804 (13 Stat., 356), under the terms of whicli the land grant was doubled, and the companies were authorized to issue first-mortgage bonds of even tenor, date, and amount of the subsidy bonds, the lien of the Government being thereby subordinated and becoming a second mortgage. It was under this act that the roads were built and bonds issued by the United States in aid of construction. These bonds are commonly called ''subsidy bonds" or "currency sixes." These grants were made upon the condition that the companies should I)ay said bonds at maturity; should keep their railroads and telegraph lines in repair and use, and at all times transmit dispatches and trans- port mails, troops, munitions of war, supplies, and ])ublic stores for the Government; and that the Government should at all times have prefer- ence in the use of the roads for all the i^urposes aforesaid, " at fair and 794 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE reasonable rates of compensation, not to exceed tlie amounts paid by private parties for tlie same kind of service;" one-lialf of the com- pensation for transportation services to be retained by tlie Government and applied to tbe i)ayment of said bonds and interest, until tlie wliole amount shall have been paid; and in addition thereto the company Wits required to pay annually at least 5 T)er cent of its net earnings. The beneficiaries under this act were the Union Pacific, Central Pacific, Western Pacific, Kansas Pacific, Central Branch Union Pacific, and the Sioux City and Pacific Eailroad companies. REQUIEEIVIENTS UNDER THE THURMAN ACT. After the roads had been in operation for about ten years, It was found that the amounts annually received from these companies under the requirements of law were not sufficient to reimburse the Govern- ment for the interest upon the subsidy bonds which was being paid annually by the United States, consequently the debts were increasing instead of diminishing. This led to the amendment of May 7, 1878, commonly known as the '' Thurman act;" but it was made to apply to the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads only. (The Western Pacific Eailroad Company, having been consolidated with the Central Pacific prior to the passage of this act, is subject to its requirements.) Under its terms, the entire compensation for services rendered in the transportation of Government supplies, mails, etc., is retained and covered into the Treasury ; one-half to the credit of the account for reimbursement of interest, and one-half to the credit of the sinking fund created by the third section of this act. These companies were also required to pay in cash such an amount, in addition to the whole of the transportation and the 5 per cent of the net earnings, payable under the act of 1864, as will make in the aggregate a sum equal to 25 per cent of their annual net earnings. FUNCTIONS OF THE OFFICE. The most important function of the office is the ascertainment of the amounts annually due the Government by the several "bond-aided" railroad companies under existing laws. This duty requires that the bookkeex)ers should visit the principal offices of the respective com- panies once in each year and make a personal examination into their affairs. The general books of the Union Pacific Eailway (the Kansas Pacific having been consolidated therewith) and the Central Branch Union Pacific are kept in Boston, Mass. ; those of the Central Pacific Eailroad Company are kept in San Francisco, Cal., and those of the Sioux City and Pacific Eailroad Company in Chicago, 111. This last- named railroad is operated by the Chicago and ]S"ortliwestern Eailway Company. MEANING OF "NET EARNINGS." Owing to the numerous differences of oijinion as to what constituted "net earnings" within the meaning of the law, considerable litigation has ensued ; but the Supreme Court has finally held that expenditures for ncAV construction and new equipment were not proper deductions — thus sustaining the position taken by the office, and such items are therefore excluded in ascertaining the amounts due the Government each year. There are some matters still pending in the Court of Claims, the most imx)ortant of which is the suit of the Union Pacific REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 795 Eailway Company to recover amounts collected from it on account of the earnings from the bridge across the Missouri River between Coun- cil Bluffs and Omaha ; the company claiming that, as the bridge was not constructed by the aid of bonds, it is not subject to the require- ments of law with respect to the i)ayment of a x>€rcentage of net earn- ings. It also claimed that the Government "was not entitled to a percentage of the net earnings derived from the operation of its Pull- man Association cars. The iwsition tahen by the oiBce is sustained in United States vs. The Union Pacific Railway Com^^any (99 U. S., 419), wherein the Supreme Court held that the net earnings "must be regarded as embracing all the earnings and income derived by the com- pany from the railroad proper, and all the appendages and appurte- nances thereof, including its ferry and bridge at Omaha, its cars and all its property and apparatus legitimately connected with its rail- road." Under this decision the net earnings from these sources were included in amounts found due from that company. REPORTS REQUIRED FROM LAND-GRANT RAILROAD COMPANIES. As the Government has no pecuniary interest in what are known as the "land-grant railroads," it has not been the practice to make examination of their books and accounts. They are simply required to submit an annual report to this office, on the prescribed form, which shows their financial condition, earnings and expenses, and other data ; but the office has never made any attempt to verify these reports. It was the duty of the engineer to inspect the various properties of the companies and embody in his report thereon the i)rincipal improve- ments or changes made. In the event of a company failing to main- tain its roadbed or equipment in good condition, the Commissioner can simj)ly call attention to such matters in his annual report, but he has no means of compelling the comi)anies to make repairs or remedy defects. It is the duty of the Commissioner " to see that the laws relat- ing to said companies are enforced * * *." Under this provision of the statute it becomes my duty to report to the Department that certain of the land-grant roads, coming under the jurisdiction of this Bureau, have, for a number of years, failed to submit a report of their operations upon the form prescribed. Owing to this fact, and to a reduced professional and clerical force, I have been unable, wholly, to report as required by law " on the condition of each of said railroad companies, their road, accounts, and affairs." The roads which have failed to report as aforesaid are referred to by name hereafter, in their proper order. EFFICIENCY OF THE BUREAU IMPAIRED. Upon assuming the duties of Commissioner of Railroads, I found that the efficiency of the Bureau had been seriously impaired by a reduction in the number and pay of emx^loyes. The office of engineer had been abolished, although the law creating the Bureau requires an annual insi')ection of the physical characteristics of the roads coming under its supervision. The position of copyist had also been abolished, the value and imj)ortance of whose services as typewriter and stenog- rapher, in facilitating the correspondence, should have been recognized. The reduction in the bookkeeper's salary caused an official, who had 796 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE beeu connected witli tlie Bureau since its organization, to seek employ- ment elsewhere, wLicli was easily secured and at an increased com- I)ensation. A firm believer in tlie doctrine tliat public expenditures should be limited to the necessities of the Government economically administered, I am also convinced that economy of the character herein alluded to is unwise. The act of Congress approved May 7, 1878, otherwise known as the "Thurman act," had for its object a governmental supervision of the Pacific railroads which had received bonds of the United States in aid of construction, to the end that final repayment by the companies of the amounts so advanced might be secured. This law is still upon the statute book. If it has not been found to justify the expectations of its framers, it is amendable; mean- wliile, the necessary means for its entbrcement should be furnished. The approiiriation for traveling exi^enses and subsistosition of copyist was also abolished, which devolved the work of that position on the private secretary. The approaching settlement of the indebtedness of the bond-aided Pacific railroads to the United States will impose additional and very resi^onsible duties upon this Bureau, which will fall heavily upon the present limited force. As the position of railroad engineer has been abolished by Congress his duties will devolve upon the Commissioner. The estimate of $1,000 for traveling expenses is intended to provide for one annual trip of inspection by the Commissioner and his private secretary and one annual examination of the books and accounts by the bookkeepers. The expense of such trip averages $250 for each person, and $1,000 is as small a sum as should be allowed. Personnel of the Bureau November 1, 1S93. Wade Hampton, Commissioner $4,500 Francis E. Storm, bookkeeper 2,000 (Vacancy) assistant bookkeeper 1, 800 Charles V,. Thomas, clerk, assigned to duty as private secretary to the Com- missioner 1,200 Miss Kate Schmidt, copyist, detailed for duty from Pension Office 900 Henry liraxton, assistant messenger 720 ******* Poor's Manual of Eailroads has been the principal authority consulted in the preparation of a preliminary history of the railroad companies coming under the jurisdiction of the Bureau and considered in this rei)ort. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 801 ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY. (ATCHISON, TOPEKA AND SANTA FE RAILROAD COMPANY.) This company was cliartered by the Govemraent of the United States to construct a raih^oad from tlie Mississippi Eiver to the Pacific Ocean on the thirty-fifth parallel. The road passed under the control of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Eailroad Company by the latter's i)urchase of the capital stock of the St. Louis and San Francisco Kailway Company. For the purpose of securing an extension of its line from the Eio Grande to the Pacific Ocean, the Atchison entered into a contract with the St. Louis and San Francisco, whereby the latter transferred to the former, with- out cost to it, one-half of the share capital of the Atlantic and Pa- cific, up to that time wholly owned by the St. Louis and San Francisco. By the act of Congress approved July 27, 18GG, the Atlantic and Pacific company received from the United States a grant of 42,000,000 acres of land. Springfield, Mo., via Canadian Eiver, Albuquerque, the Aqua Fria and Colorado Eivers, and the Pacific Ocean, are the land- grant termini. The records of the General Land Ofiice show that to June 30, 1893, there had been patented to the comx^any — Acres. - By the UDited States 380,629.21 Throngli the State of Missouri 966, 776. 7a Through the Territory of Arizona 373,099.38 Through the Territory of New Mexico 312, 386. 73 Total 2,032,892.02 The records of the General Land Office also show that by the act of July 6, 1886, 10,795,480 acres located in California and New Mexico had been forfeited; and that 3,290,000 acres of railroad indemnity lands located in Arkansas, Arizona, California, and New Mexico had been restored to the jiublic domain; and that under date of July 13, 188G, by decision of the Commissioner, affirmed by the Secretary of the Interior, 1,500,000 acres of land located in California had also been restored. The report of the company shows that the total number of acres received by United States patent was 23,037.36, of which, 21,456.56 have been sold. The total cash receipts from all sales of land to June 30, 1893, amounted to $3,923,951.05, and there remained outstanding, on account of time sales, the sum of $267,618.82. The receipts of the land department during the year amounted to $105,276.71, and the expenses to $42,726.67. The main line of this road extends from Albuquerque, N. Mex., to Mojave, Cal., and from Seneca, Mo., to Sapulpa, Ind. T., a distance of 917.91 miles. The company also operates under trackage rights 12.69 miles. The length of branch lines is 12.64 miles; total length of road, 946.84 miles. The length of sidings on the main line is 85.30 miles. Total length of track, 1,032.14 miles. The additions and betterments to railway during the year amounted to $108,349.10, which were charged to improvement account; the additions and betterments to rolling stock, charged to equipment account, amounted to $193,819. The equipment consists of 22 passenger, 21 freight, and 2 switching locomotives, all of which are equipped with Westinghouse brakes. In the passenger service there are 8 first-class, 6 baggage, mail, and Ab. 93 51 802 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE express, and, 2 officers' cars; total, 16, all equipped witli Westingliouse brakes and Miller platforms. In the freiglit service tliere are 104 box, 70 stock, 231 coal, 329 flat, and 40 caboose cars; total, 834, 88 of which, are equipped with Westinghouse brakes. In the road and miscellaneous service there are 5 station, 2 derrick, 2 snow-flanger, and 94 water and oil-tank cars. The express business of this company is transacted by Wells, Fargo & Co., under contract. The Pullman Palace Car Company runs its cars over the railroad company's lines on a mileage basis. The carrying of through passengers and freight is prorated with the Southern Pacific, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, the California Southern, and the St. Louis and San Francisco Eailway companies. The following statements show the financial condition of the com- pany on June 30, 1893 : ASSETS-. Cost of road, fixtures and equipment $121, 348, 297. GO Land contracts, land casli, etc 238, 567. 23 Fuel, material, and stores on liaud L56, 192. 60 Cash on hand 522, 744. 60 Miscellaneous investments 105, 000. 00 Bills reccivahle 103, 449. 63 Due from other companies on account of traffic 521, 890. 00 Due from the United States 37, 903. 20 Total $123,034,044.26 LIABILITIES. First-mortgage bonds 18, 794, 000. 00 Interest on same, due and accrued 381, 310. 00 Other funded deht 20, 119, 629. 00 Interest ou same, accrued, not due 219, 066. 50 Accounts payable 3, 068. 655. 10 Bills payable 12, 505^ 529. 31 Pay rolls and vouchers 582, 740. 12 Duo other companies on account of traffic 5, 246. 69 Called bonds 100, 000. GO Total debt 55, 776, 176. 72 Capital stock 79, 760, 300, 00 Total stock and debt 135, 536, 478. 72 Deficit 12,502,432.46 Revenue und expenditnrcs for the year ended June SO, 1S03. REVENUIS. Earnings $3, 564, 045. 49 Receipts of the land department 105, 276. 71 Total.. $3,669,322.20 EXPENDITURES. Operating expenses $3, 274, 238. 18 Interest on first mortgage bonds 751, 760. 00 Interest on other funded debt 330, 000. GO Interest on other debt 1,125,375.44 NeAv construction 108, 319. 10 New equipment 193,819.00 Expenses of the land department 82, 000. 21 Total. 5, 865, 601. 93 Deficit 2, 196, 279. 73 EEPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 803 Comparative statement of the earnings and expenses of the Atlantic and Pacific Sail' road Company. EAEXINGS. Passenger ITreiglit Mail Express Miscellaneous Totiil EXPENSES. Maintei).aiice of way and structures Maintcuaiico of equipment Conducting transportation General expenses and taxes Total Net earnings Average miles operated Earnings per mile Expenses per mUe Net earnings per mile Percentage of expenses to earnings Tear ended— Diiference. Juno 30, 1893. June 30, 1892. Increase. Decrease. $814, 741. 14 2, 397, 943. 45 126,849.01 152, 049. 98 72,401.91 $761, 624. 92 2, 333, 856. 08 125, 970. 01 129, 878. 53 10, 071. 18 $53, 116. 22 64, 087. 37 879. 00 22, 171. 45 62,390.73 3,504,045.49 3, 361, 400. 72 202,644.77 673, 331. 90 543, 795. 20 1, 702, 457. 50 354, 653. 37 642, 791. 23 457, 570. 79 1, 531, 999. 60 363, 389. 65 30, 540. 73 86, 224. 50 170,457.96 $8,'73S.'28 3, 274, 238. 18 2, 995, 751. 27 278, 480. 91 289,807.31 305, 649. 45 75, 842. 14 040. 84 940. 84 $3, 764. 14 3, 458. 06 $3, .550. 12 3, 103. 94 $214. 02 294.12 306. 08 3S0. IS 80.10 91.87 89.12 2.75 ATCHISON, TOPEKA AND SANTA FE RAILROAD COMPANY. This company was chartered February 11, 1859, as the Atchison and Topeka Eailroad Company and cljanged its name to the present title March 3, 18G3. The original line of road extended from Atchison, Kans.,to the west line of Kansas, a distance of 470.58 miles. By the act of Congress approved March 3, 1863, the company re- ceived from the United States, through the State of Kansas, a grant of 3,000,000 acres of land. The records of the General Land OfQce show that to June 30, 1893, there had been patented to the company 2,934,522.86 acres. By the same act a grant of 800,000 acres was made to the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad Comi)any (now the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe). The records of the General Land Office show that 09,104.95 acres had been patented to the cf)mi)any to June 30, 1893. The company's report shows that to June 30, 1893, there had been received by United States patent 2,934,659.68, and by cancellation of contracts 451,704.42 acres; a total of 3,386,424.10 acres of land. The report also shows that, to the same period, there had been disposed of for cash and on time contracts 3,356,449.00, and reclaimed by the United States 6,641.07; a totcil of 3,363,090.13 acres. The total cash receipts from all sales to the above date amounted to -$12,048,625.77, and there remained outstanding on^account of time sales the sum of $55,894.04, principal and interest. The receii)ts from the land department during the year were 827,683.87 an(i the expenses $12,983.67. The main line of road extends from Chicago, 111., to the State lines ot !N'ew_ Mexico and Texas, a distance of 1,595.10 miles. There are also miles of sidings and double 2,987.02 miles of branch lines and 804,50 804 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE track; a total of 5,446.62 miles of track, of wMcli 4,054.75 miles are laid with steel rails. The additions and betterments to railway during tlie year amounted to $1,327,425.17, and to rolling stock $341,383.80. During the year there were laid 10,373 tons of steel rails, at a cost of $321,579.73; and 1,090,275 ties placed in the track at a cost of $386,170.97. At the end of the year the equipment consisted of 348 passenger, 384 freight, and 82 switching locomotives, 751 of which were equipped with automatic brakes. In the passenger service there were 2 parlor, 16 dining, 69 chair, 207 first class, 47 second class, 9 observation, 18 mail, 62 baggage, 14 express, 116 combination, and 8 officers' cars; total, 508; all of which were equipped with Westinghouse brakes, and 562 with Miller plat- forms. In the freight service there were 12,005 box, 3,347 stock, 8,185 coal, 1,774 flat, 200 combination, 561 refrigerator, 608 fruit, and 384 caboose cars ; a total of 27,064 cars, 21,260 of which were equipi)ed with West- inghouse brakes. The equipment for the road and miscellaneous service consisted of 70 dump, 157 hand, and 138 push cars; also 1 derrick and 2 snowiJlows. The assessed valuation of roadway, bridges, track, buildings, etc., for taxation w^as $31,260,156, an average of $6,822.20 pev mile; and of rolling stock and equipment the assessed valuation was $6,425,322. The exx)ress business on the comjiany's lines is transacted by Wells, Fargo & Co. uuder contract. The Pullman Palace Car Company runs its cars on the line on a mileage basis. Use of tracks and terminal facilities have been granted to the follow- ing companies under lease: Kausas City Belt Railway. Toledo, Peoria and Western Railway. Chicago and Western Indiana Railway. Chicago and Grand Trunk Railway. Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley Railroad. All telegraph lines and appliances along the company's lines are owned jointly with the Western Union Telegraph Compauy, which transacts the business pertaining thereto. Sundry contracts and agreements for the transportation of passen- gers and freight, the ticketing of passengers, the interchange of traf- fic, and for mutual harmony and protection have been entered into as follows with — Th^Southern Pacific Company. The St. Louis and San Francisco Railway Company The Colorado Midland Railway Compauj\ The New York and Texas Steamshij) Company. The Transcontinental Association. The Atlantic and Pacific Railroad Company. The Trans-Mississippi Freight and Passenger Association. The Interstate Connaerce Railway Association. The Illinois State Freight Association. The Western Freight Association. The Western States Passenger Association. The following statements show the financial condition of the com- pany on June 30, 1893 : Liabilities. ^ Road fixtures and equipment $222, 641, 354. 35 Property in auxiliary roads represented by bonds and stocks pledged under general mortgage in- denture 62, 291, 224. 17 Real estate other than road 1, 853, 424. 05 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 805 Improrements, auxiliary companies $3, 230, 605. 73 Fuel, material, and stores on hand 979, 106. 57 Cash on hand 3, 894, 44.5. 45 Company's bonds owned by company 2, 092, 000. 86 Other stocks and bonds 39, 521, 665. 62 Miscellaneous investments 11, 428, 238. 39 Capital stock in treasury for specific purposes 176, 512. 50 Sinking fund and interest, account equipment trust bond's 306, 250. 00 Bills receivable and demand loans 3, 296, 898. 71 Accounts receivable 4, 954, 400. 09 Due from other companies on account of traffic 381, 090. 79 Bonds and stocks of consolidated companies pledged under general mortgage 164,490,922.18 Securities deliverable under plan of reorganization. 1, 872, 056. 91 Due from United States 194, 389. 44 Bad debts, or suspense accounts 606, 615. 04 Total $524,211,200.85 ASSETS. General mortgage bonds 129, 734, 812. 00 Interest on same, due and accrued 2, 805, 853. 79 Other funded debt 95, 698, 816. 00 Interest on same, due and iinpaid 250, 448, 95 Interest on same, accrued, not due 649, 830. 00 Dividends unpaid 1, 006. 75 Bills payable 6, 809, 249. 71 Accounts payable 1, 272, 893. 30 Pay rolls and vouchers 2, 672, 662. 87 Due other comjianies on account of trafifi^c 346, 335. 21 Called bontls 1,593,330.00 Accrued obligations not yet due 572,649. 19 Subscriptions, account of circular 63, bonds 1, 600. 00 Trustee's certificates representing bonds delivera- ble under plan of reorganization 54, 010. 79 Adjustment account, St. Louis and San Francisco Railway Co., first preferred stock 5, 000, 000. 00 Stocks and bonds of consolidated companies in trust 167, 077, 900. 00 Total debt 414,541,398.56 Capital stock 102, 000, 000. 00 Total stock and debt 516, 541, 398. 56 Surplus 7,669,802.29 Eevenxte and expenditures for the year ended June 30, 1S03. REVENUE. Earnings $27, 7S6, 561. 06 Dividends on stocks of other companies 274, 800.00 Interest on bonds of other companies 400, 630. 00 Profits on miscellaneous investments 37, 853. 40 Receipts of the land department 27, 723.37 Net revenue from separately oiierated roads forming part of the system 1, 413, 972. 68 Total $29,941,540.51 EXPENDITURES. Operating expenses 18,554,952.16 Interest on general mortgage bonds 5, 121, 908. 00 Interest on other funded debt 2, 649, 736. 38 Interest on oiher debt 70,819.23 Contract with St. Louis and San Francisco Rwy. Co. 342^ 164. 28 Losses on miscellaneous investmeuts 43, 972. 58 Expenses of the land department 12, 983. 67 Total 26,796,536.30 Surplus 3,145,004.21 806 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Comparative statement of the earnings and expenses of the AtcMson, Topeha and Santa Fe Railroad Company. Tear ended— Difference. June 30, 1893. June 30, 1892. Increase. Decrease. EARNINGS. Pnssono^er . .-..- $5, 805, 297. 57 20, 010, 818. 89 670, 805. 18 743, 976. 15 495, 603. 27 $4,991,652.07 19, 114, 977. 86 071, 569. 85 580, 121. 62 435, 282. 96 $873. 645. 50 895, 841. 03 Mail $704. 67 i63, 854. 53 - 60, 320. 31 Miscellaneoua Total 27, 786, 561. 06 25, 793, 604. 36 1,992,950.70 EXPENSES, ^f niiitpTinuco of wav and structures .. 3,396,924.63 3, 042, 259. 52 8, 954, 461. 03 3, 161, 300. 98 3, 224, 600. 68 2, 879, 208. 65 8, 109, 593. 35 3, 026, 474. 53 172, 257. 95 163,050.87 844, 807. 68 134, 832. 45 iMaintonance of couiDinent Coiiducting transportation Total 18, 554, 952. IG 17, 239, 943. 21 1, 315, 008. 95 !N^ftt earniu ""s .. 9, 231, 008. 90 8, 553, 661. 15 677, 947. 75 ATerage miles operated 4, 582. 12 4, 582. 12 Earnin "-a ner mile 0,004.12 4, 049. 42 5,629.18 3, 702. 43 434. 94 286. 99 2, 014. 70 1, 866. 75 147. 95 60.77 66.79 .02 CENTRAL PACIFIC RAILKOAD COMPANY. (SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY.) This company includes tTie Western Pacific Eailway Company, with ■wbicli it was consolidated ISTovember 2, 1869 ; the California and Oregon, the San Francisco, Oakland and Alameda, and the San Joaquin Valley Eailroad companies, the consolidation with the latter tliree dating from August 22, 1870. The Central and Western Pacific Eailroad companies of California were chartered by Congress July 1, 1862. The subsidy in Government bonds was at the rate of $16,000, 832,000, and ,$48,000 per mile, the first-named sum being the estimated cost of construction to the moun- tains, the second between the mountains, and the third over the mountains. The subsidy bonds issued by the United States to aid in the con- struction of these two roads amounted to $27,885,680, and the interest thereon to June 30, 1893, to $11,834,212.21. There had been repaid by the company, in transportation services, cash, and interest on sinhing- fuiid investments, the vsum of $13,604,003.21, making a net liability to the Government on that date of $56,025,829. The excess of interest paid by the United States over all credits amounted to $28,170,149. The amount found due the United States by the company under the acts of 1862, 1804, and 1878 for the year ended December 31, 1892, was $577,048.33, a reduction of $30,467.94 as compared with the previous year. The main line of this road extends from Oakland Wharf, California, to Ogden, Utah, with branches from Eoseville Junction to the Oregon State line, Lathrop to Goshen, and from Niles northward to Oakland and southward to San Jose, Oal. The aided i)ortion of the line extends REPORT OF THE SECRETARY QP THE INTERIOR. 807 from Ogcleu to Sacramento, tlience, via Xiles, to San Jose, a cUstanc<3 of 860.G6 miles, and is subject to the requirements of law with respect to the payment of a percentage of its net earnings to the United States (See history of Union Pacitic Railway.) The total length of road, including branches, is 1,359.65 miles, and the total length of track, including sidings, 1,085.43 miles. The company's lines are leased to the Southern Pacific Company for ninety-nine years from April 1, 1885; lease modified January 1, 1888. The lessee receives the earnings from the property operated, and pays therefrom all expenses of the lessor, including land department expen- ses, cost of betterments, interest on bonded and floating debt, except- ing its debt to the United States, sinking-fund requirements and require- ments under the Pacific Railway acts of 1862 and 1864, and under the Thurman act of 1878. The net profit remaining is payable to the lessor up to a maximum sum of $4,080,000, and the lessee guarantees a mini- mum annual i^ayment of such net profit of $1,360,000. By the acts approved July 1, 1862; July 2, 1864, and July 25, 1866, the companies Y\'hich form the Central Pacific Raiboad Company received from the United States grants of land in aid of construction as follows : Acres. Central Pacific Railroad Company 8,000,000 Western Pacilic Railroad Company 1, 000, 000 Oregon Branch Central Pacilic Railroad (California and Oregon) 3, 500, 000 Total 12,500,000 Ogden, Utah, and Sacramento, Cal.; Brighton, Cal., and Niles, Cal.; Niles, Cal., and San Jose, Cal.; junction with Central Pacific Raikoad and the southern boundary of Oregon, are the land-grant termini. The records of the General Land Ofiice show that to June 30, 1893, there had been patented by the United States to the — Acres. Central Pacific Railroad Company, direct 1, 040, 210. 59 Central Pacific Railroad Company, tlirough the State of California ... 471, 616. 22 Central Pacific Railroad Company, through, the Territory of Utah 75, 382. 16 Western Pacific Raihroad Company, direct 449, 934. 72 Western Pacific Railroad Company, State of California 467, 362. 28 Oregon Branch Central Pacific Railroad, direct 1, 3G2, 433. 61 Oregon Branch Central Pacific Railroad, State of California 187, 275. 55 Total 4, 054, 215. 13 The report of the company shows that to June 30, 1893, there had been acquired by United States patent to the — Acres. Ccnttal Pacific Railroad Company 1, 115, 092. 75 California and Oregon Railroad Company 1, 5J9, 949. 30 Total 2,665,042.05 That there had been disposed of — Acres. For cash 718,735.18 On time contracts and agreements 1, 999, 088. 41 Total 2, 717, 823. 59 Less acreage surrendered 58, 858. 82 Net 2, G58, 964. 77 808 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Tlie report of the comi^any also shows that the total cash receipts from all sales of land to date amount to $9,572,280.20. The receipts during the year were $1GS,012.60 and the expenses 855,087.99. There remained outstanding on account of time sales — Priucipal $1,049,992.88 Interest 5,263.10 Total 1,055,255.98 The properties of the company from Ogden, Utah, to San Jose, Cal., including roadbed, track, bridges, buildings, shops, etc., were inspected by the engineer of this Bureau in May last. His report thereon is contained in Appendix A. At the end of the year the equipment consisted of 288 passenger and 22 switching locomotives, all equipped with Westinghouse brakes. In the passenger service there were 3 dining, 30 sleeping, 43 second- class sleeping, 160 first-class, 25 second-class, 15 baggage, mail, and express, 13 mail, 27 baggage, 7 express, 17 combination and 7 ofli- cers' cars; total, 317; all equipped with Westinghouse brakes and Miller platforms. lu the freight service, there were 2,002 box, 45 furni- ture, 240 coal, 1,743 flat, 1,001 combination, 18 refrigerator, 443 fruit and 110 caboose cars; total, 6,208. In the road and miscellaneous service, there were 8 derricks, 33 station, 79 dump, and 19 water cars, 4 snowplow tenders, 28 snowplows, and 9 wrecking-car tenders. The additions and betterments to railway during the year, consisting of passenger and freight buildings, warehouses, hotels, furniture, etc., amounted to $20,441.42, all of which was charged to income and i)aid by the lessee company. The additions and betterments to rolling stock during the same period, amounting to $1,480,303.84, and consisting of 72 locomotives, 1 first-class passenger, 21 furniture, 1,120 box, 185 flat and 326 fruit cars, 1 steam shovel, and 1 snowplow tender, were charged to equipment and paid in like manner as the additions and betterments to railway. There were also added during the year 11,458 tons of steel rails, at a cost of $572,900, and 510,038 new pine and cedar cross-ties were placed in the track, at a cost of $251,(^46.57, the average number per mile being 2,728. There were 921.70 miles of single-line fencing, and 32.76 miles of snow sheds. The following statements show the financial condition of the com- pany on June 30, 1893, and the amount found due the United States lor the year ending December 31, 1892, under the acts of 1862, 1864, and 1878. Other statistics pertaining to the company will be found in the tables and appendixes attached to this report. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP THE INTERIOR. 809 Co CO ^ 'S' '^ '^ « » I o O » O 4J 2 >. I ^ -*j o o S M5 IS a ^^ A n o 5 o in 00 £> a § o o a a '3 02 in o 3 a o •-C c:> a o a p— < a Pi § O ca a cj 00 o O cS-S 1 °g a -i ca m g i a '% -si a a 5 a 6 ~ ^ ci(§ CS cS 3 .a -*^ c3 (-1 a: '% 1 13 a .5 S "^ a S g :3 1 i & e^ •§ ^ g ^ -2 Wi S S o w =d c 3 a -J;^ ci n ci -fififi- 5 "i-S O 30 c3 r3 rt rt i> c; ^ .' r^. "-^ (K ? c ^' a cS cS 03 e« o c fe oC- c^ ;. 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S grj b ^ 1^ "a .5^ 1 I ^ 03 X C <« O 5 i; o : _ ?> -r a • ^ .a t; fct' n =^ ' ; «; 1 C S.=: e f^ < p f= H PM ^ ^ 1- S ; g 4 c -fi 4 C ) 11 1 810 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE JRcveniie and expcndiiurcs of the Central racifie Jlailroad Covipany for the year c?u7mj June SO, '1S,9S. REVENUE. Earninsis (2;iiarauteed rental, 1892) $1, 360, 000. 00 Laaid department, sales, etc., 1892 121, 118. 01 Interest on notes held by trustees land mortgage, 1892 . . 80, 166. 67 Sinking fund requirements paid by Southern Pacific Company, 1892 185, 000. 00 Interest on sinking funds of company 361, 076. 29 United States requirement for 1892; paid by Southern Pacific Company .•. 577,018.33 Miscellaneous ; dividends on stock owned, etc 22, 872. 45 Total $2,707,311.75 EXPENDITUKES. Operating expenses (*) Interest on first-mortgage bonds - . (*) Interest on other funded debt (*) Interest on other debt (*) New construction (*) New equipment (*) Expenses of the land department (*) Sinking fund requirements of the company 516, 076. 29 United States sinking fund requirement 577, 048. 33 Land receipts and interest applicable to redemption of land bonds 201. 314. 68 Expenses of operations j^rior to lease 4, 040. 00 Dividends Nos. 27 and 28, August 1, 1892, and February 1, 1893 1,345,510.00 Proportion of readjustment account locomotive renew- als, 1885 to 1892 57,287.30 Total 2,731,276.60 Deficit 23,964.85 Comparative statement of the financial condition of the Central I'acific Railroad Company June SO, 1893 and 1892. LIABILITIES. First mortpra.sift Ixmda United States subsidy bonds - In'Hrest on sauic paid by Uuitcd States Otber funded de!>t Dividends unpaid Accounts payable — pay-rolls and vouchers Trustees land-grant mortgage Sinking funds uninvested Bills payable Total dcbt- Capital stock June 30, 1893. ?27, 853, 000. 00 27, 805, G80. 00 41,834,212.21 31,155 000.00 C(3, i75. 00 25G. 13G. 22 4U5, 904. C4 1,320,101.43 1, 500, 000. 00 132, 30G, 509. 50 68, 000, 000. 00 June 30, 1892. $27, 853, 000. 00 27, 856, 680. 00 40, 162, 871. 41 31, 832, 000. 00 Co. 021. 00 257,141.00 401,551.02 790,747.37 2, 000, OOi'. CO Difference. Increase. Decrease, $1, G71, 340. 80 1, 454. 00 131,218,011.80 68, 000, 000. 00 G4, 353. 62 529, 354. OG 1, 088, 497. 70 Total stock and debt \ 200, 306, 509. .50 199, 218, Oil. 80 1 1, OSS, 497. 70 Payable by lessee and charged in income account. $677, 000. 00 1, 004. 78 500, 000. CO REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 811 Comparative statement of the financial condition of the Central Pacific Eailroad Company June SO, 1S93 and i on * * 3, 032. 04 5, 212. 89 3, 060. 71 4, 209. 64 2,180.85 1, 148. 93 28.67 1, 003. 25 1, 031. 92 Percentage of expenses to earnings 100.94 80.75 20. 19 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 831 MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. This company is tlie successor of tlie Missouri Pacific Eailroad Com- pany of Missouri, which was organized IMarch 12, 1849, to buikl a road from St. Louis to Jefferson City and thence to the western boundary of the State. The land grant to the Pacific Eailroad of Missouri (1,161,235.07 acres; see hisjtory of the St. Louis and San Francisco Eailway Company) was conveyed to the South Pacific Eailroad. This road was takeu possession of by the State in 1866 for nonpayment of interest on the State subsidy, and sold, with the lands, to the Atlantic and Pacific Eailroad Com- pany, which, in 1872, leased the line of the old comiiany. The two roads were operated under one management until 1876, when the Pacific Eoad was sold under process of foreclosure of the third mortgage and con- veyed by the jiurchasers to the present company, which was incori)o- rated October 21, 1876. By articles of association filed August 11, 1880, the Missouri Pacific was consolidated with the St. Louis and Lercington, the Kansas City and Eastern, the Lexington and Southern, the St. Louis, Kansas and Arizona, the Missouri Eiver, and the Leavenworth, Atchison and JSTorthwestern Eailroads, which form the existing company. This company leases the following roads, which are subject to the provisions of the act approved June 19, 1878: Central Branch Union Pacific Eailroad, the lease running for twenty- five years from December 6, 1886, the Missouri Pacific accounting to the Union Pacific Comi^any (owners) for the net earnings. Little Eock and Fort Smith Eailway, which received a grant in aid of construction of 1,100,000 acres of land, 1,057,647.55 of which had been patented to June 30, 1803. St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Eailway Company (which see). The company makes no report of the operations of its land depart- ment. The main line of this road extends from the levee, Eleventh street, St. Louis, to Webster street, Omaha, a distance of 494.77 miles. The com- pany also owns 762.03 miles of branch lines and leases 307.57 miles — a total of 1,562.48 miles of road owned and operated. There are 33.70 miles of double track, 210.78 miles of sidings on the main line, and 168.40 miles of sidings on branch lines — an aggregate of 1,975.36 miles of track. There are 146.06 miles of road ballasted with stone, 300.16 miles with gravel, 82.12 miles with cinder, and 1,034.14 miles with earth. There are 2,101,28 miles of barbed wire fencing. Steel rails of fi-om 56 to 63 pounds per lineal yard are laid on 1,506.11 miles of track and iron rails of from 45 to 52 pounds on 56.37 miles of track. Betterments to railway and equipment were effected through expense accounts, no improvement account being kept. There were 4,807.69 new rails laid during the year, at a cost of $74,039.97, and 629,278 new oak cross-ties placed in the track, at a cost of $282,387.98. During the same period there were added 10 chair, 21 first-class, 2 baggage, mail, and express, 500 box, 2 flat, 15 caboose, and 3 wrecking cars. The equipment consists of 77 passenger, 194 freight, and 50 switching locomotives, 208 of which are equipped "with Westinghouse brakes; 2 parlor, 55 sleeping, 56 chair, 116 first-class, 65 mail, baggage, and 832 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE express, 45 combmatiori, and 6 officers' cars, all equipped witli Westing- liouse brakes and Miller platforms. In the freight service there are 5,928 box, 921 stock, 4,290 coal, 710 flat, 3G9 refrigerator, 15 fruit, and 159 caboose cars. Total i^assenger service, 345; freight service, 12,392; aggregate, 12,737 cars. In the road and miscellaneous service there are 4 boarding, 19 wrecking, 767 hand, 4 " other," and 678 push cars, and 8 derricks. The following statements show the financial condition of the company on June 30, 1893: ASSETS. Cost of road, fixtures, and equipment $49, 590, 297. 32 Real estate other than road 749, 783. 24 Fuel, material, and stores on hand 1, 059, 500. 85 Stocks, bonds, and miscellaneous investments 57, 389, 152. 99 Bills receivable 11, 700. 00 Accounts receivable 4, 573, 077. 38 Cash on hand 470,881.43 Total $113,844,393.21 LIABILITIES. Funded debt 54,012,000.00 Interest on same, due and uniiaid 68, 065. 00 Interest on same, accrued, not due 865, 358. 32 Bills and accounts payable 4, 478, 066. 47 Pay rolls and vouchers 3, 254, 512. 94 Due other companies on account of traffic 70, 343. 93 Total debt 62, 748, 346. 66 Capital stock 47, 436, 575. 00 Total stock and debt 110,184,921.66 Surplus 3,659,471.55 Revenue and expenditures for the year ended June SO, 1S93. REVENUE. Earnings $11, 474, 393. 53 Dividends on stocks and interest on bonds of other companies, and profits on miscellaneous invest- ments 319, 224. 93 Terminal facilities 220, 125. 78 Sundry amounts 166, 062. 00 Total $12,179,806.24 EXPEXDITURES. Operating expenses, rentals and taxes 8, 680, 824. 38 Interest on funded debt 2, 781, 766. 66 Interest on other debt 102, 392. 22 Branch lines, deficit 349, 705. 98 Expenses of traffic association 18, 974. 99 Compensation retained by United States on account of land grant 276. 87 Discount and premium 78, 344. 43 Sundry expenses 25, 073. 91 Total 12,037,359.44 Surplus 142,446.80 EEPOKT OP THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 833 Comparative statement of the earnings and expenses of the Missouri Pacific Eailwa^ Company. Year ended — Difference. June 30, 1893. June 30, 1892. Increase. Decrease. EARNINGS. $2,108,470.43 7, 790, 966. 05 4:i6, 091. 13 205, 225. CO 933, 640. 32 $2,102,911.87 7,544.502.18 425, 241. 61 197,478.10 879, 071. 47 $5. 558. 56 246. 463. 87 10, 849. 52 7, 747, 50 54, 568. 85 Mail Express ...... Ikliscpll;m60iis . . .. .......... Total 11, 474, 393. 53 11, 149, 205. 23 325, 188. 30 EXPENSES. Maintenance of way and structures 1, 710, 952. 29 1, 799, 958. 42 4, 117, 813. 32 593, 987. 23 1, 494, 008. 71 1, 560, 975. 37 3, 809, 375} 94 972, 228. 29 216, 943. 58 238, 983. 05 308, 437. 38 OonfluctiTicr traTisi^ortation $378,241.06- Total 8, 222, 711. 26 7, 836, 588. 31 386, 122. 95 3, 251, 681. 27 3,312,616.92 61. 005. 65. Avcra^^e niilps orjerated . . 1,562.48 1, 562, 48 j 1 Earnings per mile - $7, 343. 70 5, 262. 60 $7,135.58 5, 015. 48 $208. 12 247. 12 Expenses per mile Ifet earnings per mile 2,081.10 2, 120. 10 39.00- Percentage of expenses to earnings 71.66 70.28 .38 MISSOUEIj KANSAS, AND TEXAS RAILWAY COMPANY. This company was organized Ai)ril 7, 1870, by the consolidation or the Union Pacific Southern Branch, the Tebo and Xeosho, the Labette and Sedalia, and the Neosho Valley and Holden railroad companies,. The St. Louis and Santa Fe Eailroad was purchased at foreclosure sale April 29, 1872, and the Hannibal and Central Missouri was purchased in 1873. Default in the payment of bond interest, due June 1, 1888^ led to the appointment, by the United States court, of receivers who> pending reorganization, had possession of the road until June 8, 1891. On July 1, 1891, the x>resent company came into iJossession of the property. By the act of Congress approved March 3, 18G3, there were granted to the LTnion Pacific Southern Branch, through the State of Kansas^ 1,520,000 acres of land. Junction City, Kans., and the southern boundary of Kansas, and to Fort Smith when the Indian title is extinguished, are the laud-grant termini. The records of the General Land Office show that to June 30, 1893, there had been patented to the company 797,049,24 acres of land. The records of the General Land Office also show that 5,700 acres of rail- road indemnity lands, located in Kansas, have been restored to the public domain. The company makes no report of the operations of its land depart- ment. The main line of road extends from Hannibal, Mo., to Houston, Tex., a distance of 1,000.10 miles; all of which, except that part of the line fi'om White.sboro to Fort Worth, Tex. (71.18 miles), is owned. The company also owns G53.28 miles of branch lines and leases 201.24 miles;. a total of 1,783.44 miles operated. Ab. 93 53 834 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE The amounts expended for additions and betterments to railway and for construction, during tlie year, were charged to operating expenses. During the year, 14,857 tons of new steel rails were laid, at a cost of $460,578; and 603,363 oak cross ties placed in the track, at a cost of $195,160. Steel rails, of from 52 to 66 pounds per linear yard, have been laid on 1,544.93 miles of track. The average number of cross-ties, per mile, is 3,000. There are 1,791 miles of barbed- wire fencing. The road is ballasted with 282.55 miles of stone; 346.34 miles of gravel; 7,694 miles of cinder, and 876.37 miles of earth. The equipment consists of 55 passenger, 161 freight, and 19 switch- ing locomotives, 163 of which are equipx)ed with Westinghouse brakes. In the passenger service there are 5 chair, 10 first-class, 1 mail, 10 baggage, and 10 express cars; a total of 42. In the freight service there are 157 box, 34 coal, 51 flat, 22 refrigerator, and 29 caboose cars; total, 293. In the road and miscellaneous service there are 100 dump, gravel and construction, and 3 boarding cars. The express business on the comx)any's lines is transacted by the American Express Company under contract. The Wagner Palace Car Company runs its cars over the company's lines on a mileage basis. Contracts and agTcements, relative to transportation, leases, and joint use of tracks, have been entered into with the following comj)anies: Wabash, Texas and Pacific and Missouri Pacific Kailway .companies. The following statements show the financial condition of the company on June 30, 1893: ASSETS. Eoacl, fixtures, and equipment $127. 606, 524. 00 Real estate, other than road 1, 733. 50 Land contracts, laud cash, etc 1, 027. 87 Fuel, material, and stores on hand S50, 654. 91 Bills receivablo 938. 00 Accounts receivable 536, 669. 17 Due from other companies on account oftraffic 128,032.29 Due from United States Post-Ofiice Department 70, 064. 90 Susjiense accounts :- 22, 038. 93 Payment for equipment purchased by receivers 437, 041. 40 Cash onhand .' 567,346.41 Total $129,722,091.38 LIABILITIES. First-mortgage bonds 44, 975, 000, 00 Interest on same, due and unpaid 140, 495. 00 Interest on same accrued, not due 300, 134. 14 Other funded debt 20,000,000.00 Accounts payable 1,474, 1,37.38 Pay rolls and vouchers 805, 777. 63 Sundries 27,885.74 Total 67,723,429.89 Capital stock 61, 770, 000, 00 Total stock and debt 129,493,429.89 Surplus 228,601.49 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 835 Revenue and expenditures fw the year ended June 30, 1893 REVENXTE. Earnings $10,358,191.24 EXrEXDITURES. Operating expenses and taxes $7, 810, 734. 80 Interest on first-mortgage bonds 1, 909, 443. 34 Interest on other funded debt 450,000.00 Total 10,170,178.14 Surplus 218,013.10 Comparalivc slaUment of tJie earninf/s and expenses of the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas ilaihcay Company. Tear ended- Jube 30,1893. June 30,1892, Difference. Increase. Decrease. EAEXINGS. Passenger - Freight Mall Express Miscellaneous Total EXPENSES. Maintenance of way and structures Maintenance of equipment Conducting transportation General expenses Total Net earnings Average miles operated Earnings per mile Expenses per mile $1, 896, 987. 31 7, 876, 356. 80 272, 96G. 57 156, 595. 47 185, 2S5. 09 $1, 870, 269. 23 7,319,911.77 273, 390. 20 143, 159. 41 143, 832. 99 $26, 718. 08 556, 445. 03 13, 436. 06 41, 452. 10 $423. 63 10, 388, 191. 24 9, 750, 563. 60 C37, 627. 64 1, 992, 645. 21 880, 839. 55 3, 567, 710. 90 1,173,833.46 1, 686, 933. 79 674. 390. 24 3, 658, 005. 33 1, 298, 104. 39 7, 624, 029. 12 7, 317, 493. 75 305,711.42 215, 449. 31 90, 354. 43 124, 270. 93 305, 535. 37 2, 764, 162. 12 2, 433, 069. 85 331, 092. 27 1, 783. 44 1, 670. 37 113. 07 $5, 824. 80 4, 274. 90 $5,837.36 |. 4,380.76 '. $12. 56 105. 86 Xet earnings per mile 1, 549. 90 1,456.60 $93. 30 Percentage of expenses to earnings 73.39 75. 05 1 1 66 1 NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY. This company was cLartercd in 186i. Tlie road was begim in July, 1870, and ox^ened from Asliland, Wis., to Portland, Oregon, September 9, 1883. By tlie act of Congress approved July 2, 18G4, there were granted to the company by the United States, 47,000,000 acres of land in aid of construction. Ashland, Wis., and Portland, Oregon, via Tacoma, Wash.; Wallnla Junction and Pasco Junction are the land-grant termini. The records of the General Land Office show that, to June 30, 1893, there had been patented to the company: Acres. By the United States, direct 2, 224, 346. 13 Through the State of Minnesota 1,534,699.28 Through the State of North Dakota 1, 4.53, 043. 66 Through the State of Washington 151, 334. 00 Total... 5,363,423.07 836 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE The records of tlie General Land Office also show that 8,946,400 acres of railroad indemnity lands, located in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Dakota Montana, Idaho, WavShington, and Oregon, have been restored to the public domain 5 and that, by a decision of the Commissioner, dated September 13, 188G, affirmed by the Secretary of the Interior, 32,400 acres of the grant, located in Washington, have also been restored. The report of tlie company shows that, to June 30, 1893, the total number of acres received by patent was 2,028,527.50, and by certifica- tion, 20,327,023.77; a total of 22,356,201.27 acres. There had been dis- posed of for cash 8,386,588.03 acres; the total cash receipts from all sales had amounted to $32,719,974.14, and there remained outstanding, on account of time sales, the sum of $5,079,051.77, principal ?^nd interest. The receii)ts of the land department for the year amounted to $1,660,224.66 and the expenses to $577,643.82. The main line of road extends from Ashland, Wis., to Portland, Oregon, and from Pasco to Wallula Junction, Wash., a distance of 2,136.24 miles. By the addition of branch lines and sx)urs, the mileage is increased to 4,622.84. There are also 686.60 miles of sidings, or a total length of track of 5,374.06 miles. The ballast consists of 23 miles of stone, 1,276 miles of gravel, 97.60 miles of cinder and the remainder of earth. The fencing against stock amounted to 1,833,33 miles of barbed wire and board fence, and the snow fences to 95.53 miles. There are 32 snow sheds, aggregating 13,169 feet in length, and 30 tunnels, aggregating 28,338 feet in length. There were constructed during the year 56.68 miles of branch lines, and there were placed in the track 13,385.76 tons of steel rails and 722,344 new cross ties. The expenditures for additions and better- ments to the railway amounted to $1,034,420.56. The equipment consists of 556 locomotives, 537 of which are equipped with Westinghouse brakes; 26 dining, 50 sleeping, 69 first-class, 61 second-class, 39 emigrant, 12 mail, 44 baggage, 25 express, 59 combina- tion, and 16 officers' cars, making a total of 401 cars in the passenger service, all of which are equipped with Westinghouse brakes and Miller i)latforms. In the freight service there are 7,380 box, 999 stock, 2,008 coal, 3,869 flat, 6 tank, 2 ferry, 219 refrigerator, 30 fruit, 214 log- gingtruck, and 324 caboose cars, making a total of 15,051 cars in this service, 10,452 of which are equipped with Westinghouse brakes, and 4,295 with Miller platforms. In road repair service there are 95 board- ing, 16 wrecking, 12 dump, gravel, and construction, and 1,418 push and hand cars, 10 derricks, 16 steam shovels, and 7 snow plows. There were added to the equipment during the year 9 passenger and 171 freight and miscellaneous cars. The exi^ress business on the company's line of road is transacted by the Northern Pacific Exi)ress Company, under contract. Sleeping cars arc owned jointly by the railroad and the Pullman Palace car companies. Contracts and agreements for exchange of business at Wallula and Taconia have been entered into with the Oregon Eailway and Naviga- tion, the Oregon and Washington, the Northern Pacific Steamship, and the Pacific Coast Steamship companies. Lease for use of tracks, St. Paul to Minneapolis, and at Portland, and for use of depot at Minneapolis and St. Paul, have been granted to the Great Northern Eailroad, the Northern Pacific Terminal, the Minneapolis Union Kailroad, and the St. Paul Union Depot companies. A contract with the Western Union Telegraph Company, for the building and joint oxjeration of a telegraph line, is in force. EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 837 The followiug statements sliow the financial condition of the company on June 30, 1893: LIABILITIES. Funded debt $133,545,500.00 Interest on same due July 1, 1893 1, 492, 760. 37 Interest on same, accrued, not due 621, 005. 00 Rentals due July 1, 1893 228, 640. 00 Rentals and taxes, accrued, not due 414, 066. 41 Deferred payments on land sales 2, 643, 085. 74 Guaranty to branch roads 594, 892. 04 Dividends unpaid "', 144. 00 Bills payable 7,068,267.60 Pay rolls and vouchers 4, 393. 606.61 Suspense account 4, 764. 14 Total debt $151,013,731.91 Capital stock 85,140,131.42 Totalstock and debt 236,153,863.33 ASSETS. Cost of road and fixtures 188, 935, 846. 85 Cost of equipment 21,930,407.78 Fuel, material, and stores on hand 1,366,496.69 Cash on hand 1,144,482.01 Stocks and bonds 17,469,716.01 Contingent assets 824, 041. 19 Cash in hands of trustee ^203,886.22 Deferred payments on account of land sales 5, 079, 651. 77 Bills receivable 19.3, 544. 94 Accounts receivable 6, 832, 189. 43 Due from other companies on account of traffic 187, 120. 27 Cash in hands of trustees' sinking fund 505, 271.57 Total assets 244,672,754.73 Surplus 8,518,891.40 Eevenue and expenditures for the year ended June SO, 1SD3. REVENUE. Earnings $24,135,186.03 Dividends on stocks of other companies 684, 509. 40 Interest on bonds of other companies 133, 460. 63 Protits on miscellaneous investments 420, 267. 17 Receipts of the laud department applicable to sinking fund 704,251.00 Total $26,077,674.23 EXPENDITURES. Operating expenses 14. 621, 466. 47 Interest on funded debt 7, 092, 159. 72 Interest on other debt 499, 715. 57 Advances to subsidiary lines 1, 053, 866. 62 Rentals 1, 962, 078. 19 Taxes 462, 340. 26 Other deductions 157, 765. 11 Sinking-fund requirements 1, 117, 537. 97 Total 26,966,929.91 Deficit 889,255.68 838 PAPEI^S ACCOMPANYING THE Comparative statement of the earnings and expenses of the Northern Facific Railroad Company. EAKNIKGS. Passenger T"reiglit Mail Express Miscellaneous Total... EXPENSES. Maintenance of way and structures . Maintenance of eqiiipment Conducting transportation General expenses and taxes Total Net earnings Average miles operated. Earnings per mile . Expenses per mile . Net earnings per mile Percentages of expenses to earnings Tear ended — June 30, 1893. $5, 8G4, 669. 18 16,818,091.38 538, 129. 02 3GG, 726. 70 332, 492. 40 23, 920, 108. 68 June 30, 1892. $6, 257, 366. 74 17, 207, 329. 85 529, Oil. 00 382, 070. 79 285, 679. 11 24, 661, 457. 49 3,711,561.12 2, 342, 947. 29 6, 773, 147. 87 2, lOG, 455. 61 3, 782, 731. 19 2, 014, 413. 26 6, 874, 356. 05 1, 905, 849. 22 14, 934, 111. 89 8, 985, 996. 79 4, 494. 84 14, 577, 349. 72 10, 084, 107. 77 4,411.90 $5, 321. 68 3, 322. 50 1, 999. 18 62. 43 $5, 589. 76 3, 304. 09 2, 285. 67 59.11 Difference. Increase. 9, 118. 02 46, 813. 29 Decrease. 328, 534. 03 "266,'606.'39 356, 762. 17 82.94 $18. 41 3.32 $392, 697. 56 389, 238. 47 15, 344. 09 741, 348. 81 71, 170. 07 'i6i,'268.'i8 1, 098, 110. 98 $268. 08 286. 49 OREGON AND CALIFORNIA RAILROAD COMPANY. (SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY.) This company was cliartered Marcli 17, 1870, as a successor of the Oregon Central Eaik-oad Corapany, of Salem, which was organized April 22, 18G7. The main line, from Portland to Eoseburg, 199 miles, was opened December 5, 1872. The road is leased for forty years from July 1, 1887, to the Southern Pacific Company, which pays the interest on the comi)any's bonds and all current fixed charges ; also, if earned, dividends up to 7 per cent on preferred and 6 per cent on common stock, the surplus over those payments to be retained by the lessee. By the acts of Congress approved May 4, 1870, and July 25, 1866, there were granted by the United States, to aid in the construction of this road, 4,700,000 acres of land. Eoseville Junction, Cal., and Port- land, Oregon, are the land-grant termini. The records of the General Laud Office show that to June, 30, 1893, there had been patented to the company 614,549.30 acres. The records of the General Land Office also show that to the same date 810,880 acres of the grant of July 25, 1866, and the whole of the grant of May 4, 1870 (1,200,000 acres), had been forfeited by the company, and that 1,800,000 acres of raikoad indemnity lands, located in Oregon, had been restored to the i)ublic domain. The report of the company shows that to June 30, 1893, the total number of acres received by patent was 323,068.68; that the total cash receipts from all sales had amounted to $859,477.34, and that there remained outstanding on account of time sales the sum of $861,923.64, principal and interest. The receipts of the land dei)artment for the year were $73,040.55, and the expenses $75,570.07. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 839 The main line of this road extends from Portland, Oregon, to the California State line, a distance of 3GG.80 miles, and forms part of the through line of the Southern Pacific Company to San Francisco. Branch lines extend from Portland to Corvallis, 96.50 miles j from Albany Junc- tion to Lebanon, 11.50 miles; and from Woodburn to iNfatron, 92.70 miles. There are 41.69 miles of sidings on the main line and 22.35 miles of sidings on the branch lines. The total length of track owned and operated is 631.54 miles. Steel rails are laid upon 516.89 miles and iron rails upon 78.80 milea of track. There are 131.22 miles of barbed ^vire and board fencing. The average number of cross-ties per mile is 2,806. There were 288 tons of new steel rails laid during the year at a cost of $13,214.82; and 195,510 new fir cross-ties placed in the track at a cost of $45,117. The cost of additions and betterments to railway during the year amounted to $10,352.08, and to rolling stock, $2,868.64. The assessed valuation of roadway, Ijridges, track, buildings, etc., for taxation is $2,549,618, and of rolling stock and equipment, $352,650.40. The equipment consisted of 51 locomotives, 49 of which were equipped with Westinghouse brakes. In -the passenger service there were 6 sleeping, 32 first-class, 2 second-class, 9 mail, baggage, and exi;)ress, 9 baggage, 3 express, and 3 combination cars; total, 64, all of which are equipped with Westinghouse l)rakes and Miller platforms. In the freight service there were 444 box, 22 stock, 8 furniture, 314 flat, 50 combination, 23 fruit, and 14 caboose cars; total 875. Of this number 262 are equipped with Westinghouse brakes, and 23 with Miller plat- forms. In the road and miscellaneous service there were 1 derrick ten- der, 2 pile-drivers, 1 station and 33 dump cars. The following statements show the financial condition of the company on June 30, 1893 : LIABILITIES. First mortgage bonds $17,045,000.00 Diviclends unpaid 2,045.73 Accounts payable .„..o 287,011.16 Income for redemjjtion of bonds 489, 998. 99 Total debt $17,824,055.88 Capital stock 19,000,000.00 Total stock and debt 3G, 824, 058. 88 ASSETS. Road, fixtures, and equipment 35, 037, 145. 81 Real estate, other than road 37, 786. 67 Land contracts, land cash, etc 670, 984. 26 Cash on hand 10. 62 Sinking fund in hand of trustees — company 51, 178. 47 Bills receivable \ 744.00 Accounts receivable 18, 158. 70 Total 35,816,008.53 Deficit 1,008,047.35 Hevenue and expenditures for the year ended June SO, 1S93. EEVEXUE. Receipts of the land department $105, 316.72 Miscellaneous 678. 42 Transferred to debit of income for redemption of bonds 51, 087. 22 Total 157,082.36 840 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE EXPENDITURES. Net loss in operation under lease in year ended De- cember 31, 1892 $441,180.14 Interest 24, 750. 00 Expenses of the land department 75, 570. 07 Sundry expenses 4, 328. 02 Total $545,828.23 Deficit 388,745.87 Comparative statement of the earnings and expenses of Oregon and California Railroad Company. Tear ended— Difference. June 30, 1893. Juno 30, 1892. Increase. Decrease. EARNINGS. $1, 015, 562. 27 839, 448. 36 90, 124. 20 41,035.84 23, 917. 01 $1, 037, 773. 78 902, 351. 41 89, 274. 00 40; 431. 67 28,691.80 $22, 211. 51 62, 903. 05 ;^.^ii $850. 26 604. 17 4, 774. 79 Totil - .... 2, 010, 087. 74 2,098,522.66 88, 434. 92 EXPENSES. Maintenance of way and structures 554, 389. 35 153, 254. 93 614,201.54 207, 621. 41 619,912.27 188, ] 94. 70 714,616.34 199, 857. 36 65, 522. 92 34, 939. 77 100, 414. 80 7, 764. 05 Total 1,529,467.23 1,722,580.67 193, 113. 44 480, 620. 51 375, 941. 99 104, 678. 52 567. 50 564. 93 2.57 "KarTiiTi'Ts T>pr milft ........ 3, 542. CO 2, 695. 09 8,714.66 3,049.19 172. 66 ETTieiisffl iipr mile ........ ..... 354. 10 846. 91 605. 47 181.44 Percentage of expenses to earnings 76. 09 82. n.assenger service, there are 31 first-class, 20 second-class, 10 mail, 41 baggage and express, 12 combination, and 3 officers' cars; total 117, all equipx^ed with Westinghouse brakes and Miller platforms The freight service consists of 2,239 box, 373 stock, 810 coal, 481 flat, 110 refrigerator, and 113 caboose cars; total 4,126. In the road and miscellaneous service there are 4 derricks, 7 dump, 20 boarding, 11 wrecking, 334 hand, and 317 x^ush cars. The express business on the company's line of road is transacted by the Pacific Express Company, under contract dated May 1, 1886, the railroad company receiving a percentage of the gross earnings. The Pullman Palace Car Company runs its sleei)ing cars under con- tract, dated November 1, 1886, on a mileage basis. The telegraph business is transacted by the Western Union Com- pany, under contract. This company leases the Little Eock and Fort Smith Eailway, one of 844 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE tlie original roads coming under the jurisdiction of this bureau, the earnings and expenses of which are merged with those pf the lessee company. By the act approved February 9, 1853, there were granted to the Little Kock and Fort Smith Railway Company 1,100,000 acres of land. The records of the General Laud Office show that to June 30, 1893, there had been patented to the company 1,057,647.55 acres. The lessee company makes a separate report of the operations of the land depart- ment of the Little Eock and Fort Smith Railway Company as follows: Total number of acres acquired by Uuited States patent, 1,057,762.79; the number of acres sold from the grant, 528,858.18 j the total cash receipts from all sales, to date, $659,074.98, and the amount outstand- ing on account of time sales, 6328,517.32; the receipts during the year were $41,196.03, and the expenses $28,715.61. The following statements show the financial condition of the com- IDany on June 30, 1893 : ASSETS. Eoad, fixtures and equipment $63, 597, 030. 03 Eeal estate other than road 525,894.89 Land contracts, land cash, etc 2, 084, 069. 30 Company's stocks and bonds owned by company, other stocks and bonds and miscellaneous invest- ments 8,655,925.01 Bills receivable 25, 872, 64 Accounts receivable 927, 956. 05 Cash on hand 13,402.72 Total $75,830,150.64 LIABILITIES. Funded debt 42,302,376.21 Interest on same, due and unpaid 239, 067. 16 Interest on same, accrued, not due 507, 505. 70 Bills payable 572,487.39 Accounts payable 2, 565, 947. 97 Total debt ' 46,187,384.43 Capital stock 25,788,925.00 Total stock and debt 71,976,309.43 Surplus 3,853,841.21 Revenue and exjjenditures for the year ended June SO, 1893. REVENUE. Earnings $12,402,1529.89 Dividends on stocks of other companies 1, 340. 00 , Interest on bonds of other companies 1, 750. 00 Discount and premium 9, 548. 28 Sundry amounts 24, 215. 44 Total $12,439,383.61 EXPENDITURES. Operating expenses, rentals and taxes 9, 312, 929. 73 Interest on funded debt 2, 339, 884. 58 Interest on other debt 18, 805. 19 Expenses of traffic association 6, 159. 10 Compensation retained bv United States on account of land grant .' 14,188.03 Sundry amounts 150, 709. 95 Total 11,842,676.58 Surplus 596,707.03 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 845 Comparative statement of the earnings and expenses of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway Comijany. Tear ended— Difference. June 30, 1893. June 30, 1892. Increase. Decrease. EARNINGS. ■PaqeftTifrp-p .............. $2, 175, 540. 72 9, 338, 839. 71 287, 979. 54 257, 962. 39 342, 207. 53 $2, 104, 729. 34 8, 600, 487. 22 278, 439. 06 225, 236. 32 310,190.02 $70, 811. 38 648, 352. 49 9, 540. 48 32, 726. 07 32,017.51 - Jiail'' Xotal 12, 402, 529. 89 11, 609, 081. 90 793, 447. 93 EXPENSES. Maintenance of way and structures 2,061,417.69 1,479,253.20 4,501,187.12 599, 964. 20 1,995,612.71 1, 355, 023. 48 4,199,919.70 565, 237. 45 65, 774. 98 124, 229. 72 301, 207. 36 34, 726. 75 Total 8, 641, 822. 21 8, 115, 823. 40 525, 998. 81 3, 760, 707. 68 3, 493, 258. 56 207, 449. 12 1,770.15 1, 641. 12 128. 93 Earnings per mile Expenses per mile $7, 006. 48 4, 881. 97 $7, 073. 87 4, 945. 22 $67. 39 63.25 Net earnings per mile 2, 124. 51 2, 128. 65 4.14 Percentage of expenses to earnings 69.67 69.91 0.24 ST. LOUIS AND SAN FRANCISCO RAILWAY COMPANY. (ATCHISOX, TOPEKA and SANTA FE RAILROAD COMPANY.) This company is the successor to the Southwest Branch of the Pacific Eaih"oad of Missouri, chartered December 25, 1852. (For history, see Atlantic and Pacific and Missouri Pacific railway companies.) The records of the General Land Office show that by the act of June 10, 1852, there were granted to the Southwest Branch of the Pacific Eailroad of Missouri 1,101,235.07 acres of laud, of which 728,949.36 acres had been x)atented to June 30, 1893. The company has failed to make any rex)ort of the operations of its land department. The main line of the road extends from St. Louis, Mo., to Seneca, Mo., a distance of 320.28 miles. There are various branches in Mis- souri, Arkansas, and Kansas, aggregating 719.91 miles in length, mak- ing a total of 1,046.19 miles owned. The company also leases 281.98 mSes of branch lines; a total of 1,328.17 miles owned, leased, and oper- ated. There are 79.19 miles of sidings on tlie main line and 135.18 miles on the branches and iron rails upon 192.41 miles During the past year 2,930 tons of steel rails were laid, at a cost of $98,783.98, and 506,885 new cross ties placed in the track, at a cost of $153,583.07. The expenditures for additions and betterments to the railway amounted to 8147,939.83 and for new equipment to $324,679.50. The equipment consists of 195 locomotives, 23 chair, one-half interest in 7 sleeijing, 23 first-class, 26 second-class, 34 baggage, mail and express, 26 combination and 3 officers' cars, making a total of 126 cars in the passenger service. In the freight service there are 2,413 box, Steel rails are laid upon 1,350.15 miles of track 846 PAPEES ACCOMPANYING THE 901 stock, 2,0G0 coal, 17 flat, 60 sliort mining, 1 furniture, 50 refrigera- tor and 94 caboose cars, making a total of 5,596 cars in tliis service. In road-repair service tliere are 1 wrecking, 3 derrick, 3 boarding and 163 dump, gravel, and construction cars. Tlie express business on tlie company's line of road is transacted by Wells, Fargo «& Co., under contract. Seeping cars are run by tlie Pullman Palace Car Company on a mileage basis. The following statements sbow tlie financial condition of the comi)any on June 30, 1893: LIABILITIES. First-mortgage bonds $42,686,300.00 Interest on same, duo and accrued 627, 944. 00 Interest on same, accrued, not due 382, 867. 89 Bonds retired and canceled 1, 586, 000. 00 Bills paval)lo 448, 651. 44 Accounts payable 2,261,481.09 Pay rolls and vouchers 19, 867. 93 Due other companies on account of trafiSc 47, 209. 63 Total debt .' $48,060,421.98 Capital stock 50,000,000.00 Total stock and debt 98,060,421.98 ASSETS. Eoad, fixtures, and equipment 66, 773, 504. 66 Fuel, material, and stores on band 411, 854. 60 Cash on band 438,163.28 Company's stocks and bonds owned by comiiany 23, 640, 700. 00 Otberstocks and bonds 4,382,002.21 Miscellaneous investments 430, 157. 88 Bills and accoi;nts receivable 5, 859, 873. 53 Due from other companies on account of traffic 29, 498. 57 Suspense accounts 317, 914. 48 Total 102,283,669.21 Surplus ^ 4,223,247.23 licvcnvc and cxiienditurcs for tlie year ended June SO, 1893. KE VENUE. Earnings $7,542,657.73 Profits on stocks, bonds, and miscellaneous invest- ments 162,096.9.' Total $7,704,754.66 EXPEKDirUKES. Operating expenses and taxes 4, 778, 489. 03 Interest on funded debt 2,430,799.15 Other deductions 11,546.90 Total 7,220,835.08 Surplus 483,919.58 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 847 Comparaiive statement of the earnings and expenses of the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway Comjyany. Tear ended— DifFerence. June 30, 1893. Juno 30, 1892. Increase. Decrease. EARNINGS. $1, 415, 509. 29 5, 407, 539. 67 181. 009. 04 192, 111. 64 346, 488. 09 $1,380,066.01 5, 021, 458. 35 180, 951. 11 132, 509. 08 338, 243. 65 $35,443.28 380, 081. 32 57.93 59, 002. 56 8, 244. 44 Froi^lit Mail "IVTi'^rt^llnnpona -■...... ...... Total 7, 542, 657. 73 7,053,228.20 489, 429. 53 EXPENSES. 827, 090. 82 717, 976. 66 2, 396. 496. 08 836, 924. 87 746, 310. 69 702, 286. 66 2, 095, 570. 27 798, 756. 73 80, 780. 13 15. 600. 00 300, 920. 41 38, 108. 14 General expenses and taxes Total 4, 778, 489. 03 4, 342, 924. 35 435, 504. 08 2, 764, ICS. 70 2, 710, 303. 85 53,864.85 j 1, 32S. 17 1, 328. 17 ..1 $5. 078. 98 3, 597. 80 $5, 310. 49 3, 269. 86 $308. 4^ 327.94 ■ Expenses per mile 1 Net earnings per mile ,. 2, 081. 18 2, 040. 63 40.55 Percentage of exi^enses to earnings 63.25 01.57 1.74 ST. PAUL AND DULUTH EAILEOAD COMPANY. This company is succe.ssor, by reorgauization, to tlie Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad Coinpauy. The original charter under which the road was built was granted to the Nebraska and Lake Superior Kailroad Company May 23, 1857, the terminal points of that line being the west end of Lake Superior and the Xebraska line. By amenda- tory act of JNIarch 8, 1801, the name was changed to Lake Superior and Mississipi)i Eailroad Gomi)any, the route being at the same time changed so as to terminate at the Mississippi Eiver, with a right to extend to the Minnesota Eiver; the construction of a branch line to the St. Croix Eiver was also authorized. By the acts of Congress approved May 5, 18Gl,.and July 13, 1886, there were gTanted to the company, through the State of Minnesota, 920,000 acres of land. St. Paul, Minn., and Duluth, Minn., are the land -grant termini. The records of the General Land Office show that, to June 30, 1893, there had been j)atented to the company 828,581 acres of land. The records of the General Land Ofiice also show that 8,000 acres of rail- road indemnity lands belonging to the comi)any, located in Minnesota, had been restored to the pul)lic domain. The company reports that to June 30, 1893, it had received from the United States 816,083.55 acres and from the State of Minnesota 690,333 acres, making a total of 1,506,416.55 acres of land; that 413,236.41 acres bad been sold, the total cash receipts from all sources amounting to $1,947,982.74; and that there remained outstanding, on account of time sales, the sum of $117,693.65. The main line of this road extends from St. Paul to Duluth, Minn., a distance of 155 miles. The company also owns 28.50 miles and leases 63.94 miles of branch lines, making a total of 239.24 miles operated. 848 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE That portion of the line between Carlton and Dulutli, 23.50 miles in length is owned jointly with the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, 8.20 miles of which were not used during the year. There are 1G.50 miles of double track, 90.31 miles of sidings on the main line, and 18.49 miles of sidings on the branches. The entire main line is laid with steel rails. The ballast consists of 148.34 miles of gravel and 99.10 miles of earth. During the year there were laid 1,974 tons of steel rails, at a cost of $00,128.04, and 99,956 new cross-ties were jilaced in the track, at a cost of §23,489.60. The expenditures for additions and betterments amounted to $121,471.65, of which there were charged to improvement, construc- tion, and equipment fund $112,000, and $9,471.65 to cost of road. The equiimient consists of 07 locomotives, 56 of which are equipped with Westinghouse brakes, 7 sleeping, 6 chair, 21 first class, 14 second class, 3 mail, 6 baggage, 14 combination, and 2 officers' cars, making a total of 73 cars in the passenger service, all of which are equipped with Westinghouse breaks and Miller platforms. In the freight service there are 1,927 box, 5 stock, 25 coal, 353 flat, 9 refrigerator, 18 furniture, and 22 caboose cars, a total of 2,359 cars. There are also 67 hand, 51 push and 2 boarding cars; 1 pile driver, 1 derrick, 1 bridge repair car, 1 snow plow, and 1 engine in road repair and miscellaneous service. The folio ving statements show the financial condition of the comj)any on June 30, 1893 : LIABILITIES. First-mortgage bonds $1,000,000.00 Second-mortgage bonds 2,000,000.00 Interest on same, due and accrned 225. 00 , Interest on same, accrned not due 45, 833. 33 Preferred stock canceled 404, 800. 00 Bonds guaranteed by company 710, 000. 00 Interest on same, accrued not due 14, 633. 33 Dividends unpaid 3, 618. 25 Accounts payable 57, 107. 17 Pay rolls and vouchers 211, 683. 16 Redemption fund preferred stock 173, 371, 17 Sinking fund for redemption of Taylor's Falls and Lake Superior Railroad bonds 109, 693. 79 Land accounts, deferred receipts 132, 115. 90 Land and stumpage income expended prior to July 1, 1888, on improvements, construction, and equipment. . 690, 776. 40 Total debt $5,553,857.50 Capital stock 9,626,218.11 Capital stock and debt 15,180,075.61 ASSETS. Road, fixtures, and equipment 12, 703, 126. 94 Fuel, material, and stores on hand 81, 645. 26 Stocks and bonds 1,580,222.79 Sinking funds in hands of trustees, company 109, 673. 79 Land contracts, land cash, etc 132,115.90 Due from assents r.iid conductors 123, 619. 59 Bills receivable 20,448.75 Due from other companies on account of trafiic 54, 681. 50 Due from other companies and individuals 22, 607. 53 Other assets 132, 081. 79 ^b-^qn^find. -.--....... -..-.-^...^,..., 392,482.11 ' ^^ail'.::.:::.^:.:.i:S.:.^il:. 15,352.705.95 "surplus.. ■„..:'.../..* '. 172,630.34 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 849 Eevenue and expenditures for the year ended June 30, 1S93. REVKXUE. Earnings $2,105,274.81 Dividends on stocks of otlicr companies 11, 549, 55 Receipts of the land dei^artment 192, 999. 57 Rentals 28,739.89 Interest and exchange 14, 045. 09 Award of Commissioners for property taken by the city of Duluth 12,935.00 Total $2,365,543.91 EXPENDITUHES. Operating expenses 1, 427, 798. 41 Taxes 68,009.07 Interest on first-mortgage bonds 50, 000. 00 Interest on second-mortgage bonds 100, 000. 00 Dividends 21 and 22 355. 043, 50 Expenses of tlie land department 24, 670. 15 Redemjition of preferred stock 168, 329. 42 Rentals Ill, 828. 63 Other exjjenditures 68, 825. 69 Total 2,374,504.87 Deficit 8,960.96 Comparative statement of the earnings and expenses of the St. Paul and Duluth liailroad Company. EAEXIXGS. Passenger Freight Mail Express Miscellaneous Total EXPENSES. Maintenance of way and structures Maintenance of equipment Conducting transportation General expenses and taxes Total Net earnings Average niUes operated Earnings per mile Expenses per mUe Net earnings per mile Percentage of expenses to earnings ' Ab. 93 si Year ended — Diffei ence. June 30, 1893. June 30, 1892. Increase. Decrease. $510. 351. 54 1,512,040.94 21.152.42 22, 500. 00 3, 229. 91 $530, 425. 47 1, 350, 799. 99 21, 109. 74 22, 500. 00 9, 675. 67 $15, 926. 07 161, 240. 95 42.68 $6, 445. 76 2, 105, 274. 81 1,934,510.87 170,763.94 365, 151. 20 213, 222. 48 701. 977. 87 215, 455. 93 300, 3G3. 59 163, 113. 26 042, 339. 54 186,107.94* 64, 787. 61 50, 109. 22 59, 638. 33 29, 347. 99 1 , 495, 807. 48 1, 291, 924. 33 203, 883. 15 609, 467. 33 642, 586. 54 33, 119. 21 247. 44 242. 75 4.69 $8. 508. 22 6,045.13 $7. 969. 14 5, 322. 03 $539. 08 723. 10 2, 403. 09 2, 647. 12 184. 03 71.05 66.78 4.27 STATE NORMALSCHOOL, 850 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE ST. PAUL, MINNEAPOLIS AND MANITOBA RAILWAY COMPANY. (GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY.) Tlie original charter for the coustriu'tion of this road Avas granted to the Minnesota and Pacific Railroad Company (afterwards St. Panl and Pacific) JNIay 22, 1857. The line was to extend from Stillwater, via St. Paul and St. Anthony, to Breckinridge, and a branch from St. Anthony, via St. Cloud and Crow Wing, to St. A^incent, with power to extend the main line to. any point on the Missouri River north of the forty-fifth parallel, and to build a line from Winona to St. Paul. By the acts of Congress approved March 3, 1857, and March 3, 18G5, there were granted to the Minnesota and Pacific Railroad Company, through the State of Minnesota, 885,000 acres and to the St. Paul and Pacific 1,838,638.95 acres; a total grant of 2,723,038.95 acres of land. The records of the General Land Office show that, to June 30, 1893, there had been patented to the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway Company 2,906,700.88 acres; a difterence of 183,121.93 acres between the number of acres granted and patented. An explanation of this difference may be found in the following- extract from Poor's Manual of Railroads (1884, p. 718) : "In 1880-'81 the company (St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba) acquired the charter of the Minneapolis and St. Cloud Railway Comx:»any to which was attached a land grant of ten sections per mile," although the records of the General Land Office ftiil to show a grant of land to the last-nan)ed company. St. Paul, Minn., and Breckinridge, Minn. ; St. Paul, via St. Cloud and Barnesville, Minn., and Cape Vincent, Minn.; and East St. Cloud and Sauk Rapids are the land-gTant termini. The report of the company shows that, to June 30, 1893, there had been received by patent through the State of Minnesota, 3,199,578.37 acres; that there had been sold from the grant 2,350,563.38 acres; the total receipts from all sales from the grant amounting to §7,061,051.30 There remained outstanding on account of time sales, the sum of 81,461,661.63. The annual receipts of the land department were 8237,296.41 and the expenses 854,128.37. On January 31, 1890, the proj)erty of this company was leased for nine hundred and ninety-nine years to the Great Northern Railway Company, which assumed all its obligations and guaranteed dividends of 6 per cent in gold annually on its capital stock. The main line of the road extends from St. Paul, Minn., to St, Yin- cent and Neche, Minn., connecting with lines running into Winni- peg, Manitoba, and westerly from Grand Forks, IST. Dak., to Great Falls, iMont., with connections to Helena and Butte. Since the close of the last fiscal year two new lines have been built, one from St. Hilaire to Thief River, Minn., 7.59 miles, completed in October, 1892. and one from St. Hilaire to Red Lake Falls, Minn., 10.13 miles, completed December 1, 1892; also, 3.87 miles of main track in the city of Minneapolis, and 1.82 miles in the city of St. Paul. The Pacific Coast Extension was completed January 6, 1893. There are 3,709.09 miles of main track, 27.20 miles of second, 9.28 miles of third, 9.29 miles of fourth, 2.32 miles of fifth, and 1.44 miles of sixth track, which with 456.05 miles of sidings makes a total length of track of 4,214.67 miles. Steed rails are laid upon 3,529.57 miles, iron rails upon 229.05 miles, and iron and steel upon 456.05 miles of track. The company makes no report of its earnings and expenses during the year, the same being merged with those of the lessee comx)ai]y. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 851 The cost of additions and betterments to raihvay, wliicb includes the building of the road, amounts to $29,781,380,82, and the cost of equip- ment to 81,342,854.95. The following statement shows the financial condition of the comx)any on June 30, 1893 : LIABILITIES. Funded debt $70, 310, 754. 54 Accounts iiayable 14, 557, 489. 83 Pay rolls and voucbers 9, 353. 78 Sinking fund, first-mortgage bonds 5, 342, 004. 04 Sinking fund, cousolidated-niortgago bonds 19, (514. 62 Total debt $90, 239, 216. 81 Capita 1 stock 20, 000, 000. 00 Total stock and debt 110. 239. 216. 81 ASSETS. • Road and fixtures 102, 063, 888. 49 Equipment 9, 048, 181. 80 Premium on bonds redeemed 260, 835. 00 Bills receivable 292, 427. 68 Cask on hand 483,330.45 Total 112,148,663.42 Surplus 1,909,446.61 SIOUX CITY AND PACIFIC RALLEOAD COMPANY. (CHICAGO AND XOKTHWESTEnN RAILWAY COMPANY.) This road was included in the acts of 1862 and 18G4, incorporating the Union Pacific Eailroad Company, being provided for as one of the branches. In 1884 it passed under the control of the Chicago and ls"orthwestern Eailway Company by the purchase and transfer to the latter of all but a few shares of the capital stock, and is now, in connec- tion with its former leased lines (the Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley Eailroad), operated by the Chicago and l^orthwestern Eailway Company, and forms a part of its through line from Omaha, Nebr., to St. Paul, Minn. It extends from Sioux City, Iowa, to Fremont, Nebr., a distance of 101.58 miles, with a branch line from California Junction to Missouri Valley, Iowa, a distance of 5.84 miles, making a total of 107.42 miles. It is practically all laid with 60-i>ound steel rails. There are 30.47 miles of sidings and 97 miles of fencing. The United States issued to the Sioux City and Pacific Eailroad Com- pany the sum of $1,628,320 in bonds, to aid in the construction of 101.77 miles of road, as follows: Frcm Sioux City, Iowa, to California Junc- tion, Iowa, a distance of 69.75 miles, and from California Junction, Iowa, to Fremont, Nebr., 32.02 miles. That portion of the line between Cali- fornia Junction and Missouri Valley is nonsubsidized. The interest paid on these bonds to June 30, 1893, amounted to $2,441,289.49, and there had been retained by the Treasury Department, on account of trans- portation services rendered the Government, the sum of $204,846,44, leaving due on that date an aggregate amount of $3,864,763.05. The excess of interest paid bj^ the United States above all credits, amounted to $2,236,443.05. By the Pacific Eailroad acts of 1862 and 1864 this company was granted 60,000 acres of land in aid of construction. The records of the General Land Oillce show that to June 30, 1893, there had been 852 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE patented to the company, tlirougli the State of Nebraska, 37,055.12 acres, and through the State of Iowa 4,343.11 acres. All of this land was sold to the Missouri Yalley Land Company April 15, 1875, lor $200,000. Sioux City, Iowa, via California Junction and Fremont, Nebr., are the land-grant termini. An agreement was made by the company with the American Express Company which took effect May 18, 1893, the same to remain in force until February 1, 1895, whereuiider the freight of the express company is to be transported over the lines of the Sioux City and Pacific Kail- road Company for an annual iiayment for an estimated tonnage, and an agreed schedule of rates for any excess of tonnage. Wagner and Pullman sleeping cars are run over the company's lines, the latter paying mileage for their use. The former make all the col- lections and pay the cost of maintenance with sundry petty exceptions, which are paid by the railroad comi)any. Trackage rights are granted by agreement, and for consideration, to the Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley, the Union Pacific, the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha, and the Ilhnois Central Eailroad Companies; and the use by the three last-named companies of the passenger depot at Sioux City. By an agreement tiled with the Commissioner of Kailroads May 7, 1887, the company leased its telegraph lines to the Western Union Telegraph Company for a period of twenty-five years from April 1, 187L The properties of the company from Sioux City, Iowa, to Fremont, Kebr., including roadbed, track, bridges, buildings, shops, etc., were inspected by the engineer of this Bureau in May last. His report thereon is contained in Appendix A. The equipment consists of 12 locomotives, 10 of which are equipped with Westinghouse brakes; 14 passenger cars equipped with Westing- house brakes and Miller platforms ; 290 box, 20 stock, 46 coal, and 12 caboose cars, making a total of 308 cars in the freight department, 220 of which are equipped with Westinghouse brakes, and 221 with Miller platforms. The expenditures for new construction during the year amounted to $7,413.31, and the renewal of 12,095 cedar and oak ties to §0,117. The following statements show the financial condition of the company on J une 30, 1893. LIABILITIES. First mortgage bonds $1,628,000.00 Interest on same dne and accrned 2, 400. 00 Interest on same, accrned, not due 48, 840. 00 United States subsidy bonds 1, 628, 000. 00 Interest on same paid by United States 2, 441, 2_8j). 49 Interest on preferred stock, accrued, not due 2, 957. 51 Pay rolls and vouchers G^, 640. 11 Total debt $5,818,447.11 Capital stock 2,068,400.00 Total stopk and debt 7,886,847.11 ASSETS. Eoad, fixtures, and equijjment 5, 748, 217. 56 Fuel, material, and stores on band 82, 06 i. 83 Cask on baud. - ' 86,109.89 Accoiiuts receivable 77, 195. 31 Due from other companies on account of traffic 4, 593. 00 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 853 "Witlilicld by the United States ou account of trans- I)or tation services $1 07. 537. 02 Due from United States, unsettled accounts 205, 321. GO Total assets $6,311,039.21 Deficit 1, 575, 807. 90 Statement of revenue and expenditures for the year ended June 20, 1S03. RKA'EXL'E. Earnings 546, 791. 03 Profit and loss 6, 379. 04 Total revenue 553, 170. O7 EXPENDITURES. * Operating expenses 389, 119. 63 Taxes 18,601.11 Interest on first-mortgage bonds 97, 680. 00 Interest on other funded debt 97, 699. 20 Xew construction 7, 413. 31 New equipment '. . 1, 170. 56 Interest on preferred stock 11, 830. 00 Total expenditures 623, 513. 81 Deficit 70,343.74 Statement of amount due the United States hy the Sioux City and Pacific Bailroad Com- pany, under the acts of 1SC2 and 1SG4, for the year ended Becenther 31, 1S02. EARNINGS. United States : Passenger $2, 161. 27 Extra baggage 1. 04 Freight 936. 58 Mail 25, 688. 16 $28, SU. 05 Commercial; Passenger 221, 030. 63 Extra baggage 5,322.44 Freight 207, 425. 57 Express 7, 187. 23 Miscellaneous 16, 360. 81 457, 326. 68 Total earnings 486, 140. 73 EXPENSES. Maintenance of way and structures 86, 906. 79 Maintenance of equipment 36, 423. 07 Conducting transportation 183, 463. 23 General expenses and taxes 40, 382. 64 Total operating expenses 347, 175. 73 New construction and equipment 112, 579. 68 Total expenses 459^ 755. 41 Net earnings 26, 385. 32 DUE THE UNITED STATES. One-half Government transi)ortation, as above 14, 407. 03 Note. — The amount of net earnings during the year not being sufficient to pay the interest ou the first-mortgage bonds ($97,680), '"the Government can not claim the 5 per cent which would otherwise be applicable to its subsidy." (United States I'. Sioux City and Pacific Railroad Company, 99 U. S. Repor.ts, pp. 491 and 492.) 854 PAPEES ACCOMPANYING THE Comiiarativc statement of the earnings and expenses of the Sioux City and Faeific Bail- road Company. Tear ended— Difference. June 30, 1893. June 30, 18g2. Increase. Decrease. EARNINGS. T^fi,'<^f*Ti o"pr . $214,710.21 240,551.05 27, 943. 03 8, 000. 07 19, 580. 67 $252, 507. 69 212, 750. 27 27, 563. 13 4, 133. 10 19,480.20 $7, 797. 48 "Proi'^lit . $33, 800. 78 379. 90 3, 872. 97 94.47 Mail IVTist^t^llanoons .. Total 546,791.03 516, 440. 39 30, 350. 64 Maintenance of way and structures 97,048.84 45, 520. 02 217, 946. 89 47, 198. 99 93, 736. 81 43,708.66 202, 545. 11 45, 177. 27 3,312.03 1.817.36 15,401.78 2, 021. 72 Conducting tran.sportation Oeneral e"^r»enses and taxes Total 407. 720. 74 385, 167. 85 22, 552. 89 !Kct oaminfi^s 139, 070. 29 131, 272. 54 7, 797. 75 107.42 107. 42 $5, 090. 22 3, 795. 57 $4, 807. 67 3, 5S5. 02 $282. 55 209. 95 ExDcnses Der mile ..- Kct earnings per mile 1. 294. 65 1, 222. 05 72.60 Percentage of expenses to earninas 74.57 74.58 .01 SOUTnERN PACIFIC RAILROAD OF CALIFORNIA. (southern pacific company.) This company was formed in 1870 by the consolidation of the South- ern Pacific, the San Francisco and San Jose, the Santa Clara and Pajaro Valley, and the California Southern railroad companies. In 1873 the Southern Pacific Branch and in 1874 the Los Angeles and San Pedro Railroad Companies Avere added, making a total of 1,022.20 miles operated. The main line of the road extends from San Francisco and Wilmington, Cal., to State line near Yuma, and was oi)ened May 5, 1877. From the California boundary the road was extended eastwardly by the Southern Pacific railroad companies of Arizona and New Mex- ico, connection being made by the latter with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Eailroad at Deming, IST. Mex. Subsequently the line was extended to theEio Grande River at El Paso, where connection is made with the Mexican Central to the City of Mexico, and with the Galves- ton, Harrisburg and San Antonio to N'ew Orleans. The through line, including the Texas and Kew Orleans, the Louisiana Western, and the Morgan's, Louisiana and Texas railroads, passed under the conti'ol of the Southern Pacific Company March 1, 1885, as lessee of the Southern Pacific Railroad of California. By the acts of Congress approved July 27, 18GG, and March 3, 1871, this company received grants of 14,007,840 acres of land in aid of con- struction. The records of the General Land OfQce show that to June 30, 1893, there had been patented to the company, through the State oi California, 2,211,182.90 acres. The records of the General Land Oflice also show that by a decision of the Commissioner, affirmed by the Sec- retary of the Interior, under date of November 2, 1885, 550,000 acres located in the State of California, and 3,800,000 acres of railroad REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 855 indemnity lands, also located in California, have been restored to tlie public domain. The company reports that, to JuneSO, 1893, itbad received2,219,077.285 acres and disposed of 2,997,631.175 acres; the total receipts from all sales of lands amounting to 88,540,982.25. The company also reports the sum of 82,818,428.76, principal and interest, remaining outstanding on account of time sales, and 128,493.31 acres of laud undisposed of. This road is operated in three divisions : Mileage. The Coast Division 313. 23 The Southern Divisiou 1, 157. 22 The Stockton Division 109.30 Total 1,579.75 The company also lease 7.17 miles of branch lines. Steel rails are laid upon 1,538.06 miles of road. During the past year, 8,349 tons of steel rails were laid at a cost of 8417,462.31 and 269,803 cross-ties were placed in the track at a cost of $140,297.56. The amount exiiended during the year for additions and betterments to railway amounted to 83,554,291.07, of which 83,202,850 were for building 50.407 miles of road. The equipment consists of -162 passenger locomotives, all equipped with Westinghouse brakes; 1 i)aiior, 2 dining, 50 first-class and 13 second-class sleepers, 158 first-class, 30 second-class, 29 baggage, mail and express, 1 mail, 24 baggage, 1 express, 11 combination passenger and baggage and 3 officers' cars — a total of 323 cars in the i^assenger service, all of which are equipped with Westinghouse brakes and Mil- ler platforms. In the freight service there are 1,940 box, 78 furniture, 135 coal, 720 flat, 514 combination, 5 refrigerator, 15 fruit, 2 oil-tank and 88 caboose cars — a total of 3,497 cars in the freight service, 3,410 of which are equipped with Westinghouse brakes. In road and miscellaneous service, there are 3 station and 20 water cars, 1 derrick, and 1 wrecking-car tender. The following statements show the financial condition of the com- pany on June 30, 1893 : ASSETS. Road, fixtures, and equipment $123, 945, 055. 58 Laud contracts, laud cash, etc 2, 541, 530. 39 Company's stocks and bonds ow:ned by company 92, 000. 00 Sinking funds in hauds of trustees, company 1, 310, 494. 53 Bills and accounts receivable 1,488, 687.88 Cash on hand 275, 425. 38 Total $129,653,193.76 LIABILITIES. First-mortgage bonds 47, 721, 500. 00 Accounts payable 52, 344. 26 Trustees' laud-grant mortgages 474, 549. 68 Sinking funds uninvested 154, 144. 85 Total 48, 402, .538. 79 Capital stock 66, 577, 000. 00 Total stock and debt 114, 979, 538. 79 Surplus 14, 673, 654. 97 Income from land sales for redemption of bonds. . . 10, 595, 580. G7 Incoine for sinking funds 1, 332, 944. 85 General income 2, 745, 130. 05 Total 14,073,654.97 856 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE licvenue and exjienditures for the year ended June 30, 1S03. KE VENUE. Earnings on lease of road, including interest on bonds, assumed by lessees $3, 869, 304. 15 Land sales for redemption of bonds 2.54, 187. 66 Sinking funds of the company 136, 720. 00 Total 4,260,211.81 EXPEXDITl'KES. Salaries and maintenance of organization 8, 484. 62 Interest on first mortgage bonds assumed by lessees ... 2, 694, 123. 50 Sinking fund requirements, company 100, 000. 00 Depreciation in rolling stock 381, 113. 49 Expenses of land department 2.5, 478. 75 Taxes on laud 18,287.49 Set over to siiecial income account 390, 907. 66 Total 3,618,395.51 Surplus 641,816.30 Comparative statement of the earnings and expenses of the Soutliefn Pacific EaiJroad Company. Year ended — Diffei •ence. Juno 30, 1893. June 30, 1892. Increase. Decrease. EARNINGS. Passencrer $3, 362, C82. 90 6,866,601.81 150, 689. 94 133, 979. 04 273, 388. 01 $3, 143, 486. 74 6,016,355.75 142,114.09 119,804.66 424, 503. 30 $219,196.16 850, 246. 06 8, 575. 85 14, 174. 38 Freio'lit Mail Express - $151, 115. 29 Total 10, 787, 341. 70 9, 840, 204. 54 941,077.16 EXPENSES. Maintenance of vray and structures 1.619,916.07 037, 137. 45 3,155,596.01 808, 776. 42 1, 303, 980. 33 905, 090. 95 2, 991, 727. 12 742, 150. 12 315, 935. 74 32, 046. 50 163, 868. 89 66, 626. 30 Maintenance of etiuipnient General expenses and taxes Total 6, 521, 425. 95 5,942,948.52 578, 477. 43 Xet earnings 4, 265, 915. 75 3, 903, 316. 02 302, 599. 73 Average miles operated 1, 547. 72 1, 464. 68 83.04 Eamiu ""S per mile $6, 909. 82 4,213.56 $G, 722. 46 4, 057. 50 $247. 30 156. 06 Expen.ses per mile !Net earnings per mile 2, 756. 26 2, 664. 96 91.30 Percentage of expenses to earnings 60.45 60.35 0.10 TEXAS AND PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. Tliis company was organized under the act of Congress approved March 3, 1871, and the general laws of the State of Texas. It acquired the properties of the Southern Pacific, the Southern Transcontinental, aud the Memphis, El Paso and Pacific railroad companies. The Southern Pacific Eailroad Company was a consolidation of the Vicks- burg, Shreveport and Texas and the Southern Pacific Eailroad Com- pany, organized under the laws of Texas. Consolidation with the New EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 857 Orleaus Pacific Eailway Coinpauy (formerly the Kew Orleans, Baton Eouge and Yick.sburg) was effected June 21, 1881. The property was placed in tlie hands of receivers December 16, 1885, sold under fore- closure ISTovember 8, 1887, and reorganized without change of name. By the acts of Congress approved June 3, 1850, and March 3, 1871, grants of land, as follows, were made to roads forming the present sy tern : Acres. Texas and Pacidc 18, 000, 000 New Orleaus, Baton Rotige and Vicksburg 3, 800, 000 Yicksbnrg, Shreveport and Pacific (chartered as Vicksburg, Shreveport and Texas) (510, 880 Total 22,410,880 Of the above grants, the records of the General Land Office show that, to June 30, 1893, there had been patented 912,805.93 acres. The records of the General Land Office also show that by the act of Feb- ruary 20, 1885, there had been forfeited 15,692,800 acres of the grant to the Texas and Pacific, and 352,587 acres of the grant to the Xew Orleans, Baton Rouge and Vicksburg and by the act of February 28, 1887, 19,000 acres of railroad indemnity lands granted to the Ticks- burg Shreveport and Pacific had been restored to the public domain. In the report of the company to the stockholders for the calendar year 1892 the assets of the land department are given as 94,250 acres, valued at $500,000; also bills receivable (land notes) amounting to $117,281.31. A report for the year ended June 30, 1893, has been submitted to this office by the president of the company, as required by section 13 of the act approved March 3, 1871 (16 Stat., 573). The main line of the road extends from the State line to Sierra Blanca, Tex., and via Texarkana and Sherman to Fort Worth, Tex., 1,039 miles, and from Xew Orleans to Shreveport, La., 321 miles. There are 22 miles of branches and 21 miles of leased lines. That portion of the line between Sierra Blanca and El Paso, 93 miles in length, is used jointly with the Galveston, Harri.sburg and San Antonio Eailway Company, making a total of 1,1:99 miles, over which the trains of the Texas and Pacific are operated. Of this mileage 1,275 miles are laid with steel rails of from 56 to 03 pounds, and 224 miles with iron rails. The iron rails, with the exception of 17 miles on branches in Louisiana, are located on the extreme western end of the line, and are being- replaced by steel, with an appropriation of about 3,000 tons annually. The entire line will thus eventually be laid in steel. The ecpiipment consists of 191 locomotives, 49 first-class, 13 second- class, 10 combination, 13 excursion, 33 baggage, express, and postal, 2 postal, and 1 pay cars — a total of 121 cars in the passenger service. In the freight service there are 2,194 box, 772 flat, 343 stock, 001 coal, 37 tank, and 38 fruit cars — a total of 3,985 cars. There are also derricks, 97 caboose, and 54 road cars, the aggregate number of cars owned being 4,203. The Kansas City, El Paso and Mexican Eailway, better known as the ''White Oaks " road, was acquired during the year on very advantageous terms, and is considered a valuable acquisition to the property of the company. It is projected from El Paso to White Oaks, l!^. Mex., a country rich in coal and other minerals. 858 PAPERS ACCOMPANYIXG THE The follo^ving stateiiieiits sliowtlie financial condition of the company on June 30, 1893: LIABILITIES. First-mortgage bonds, February 1, 1888 $24, 987, 975. 75 Second-mortgage income bonds 24, 920, 953. 68 First-mortgage bonds, eastern division 3, ISi, 000. 00 Old bonds unredeemed 89,000.00 Texas school-fund loan 139, 899. 66 Interest scrii>, income and land-grant bonds 305, 492. 00 Other scrip 15, 912. 30 Pay rolls and vouchers 674, 330. 07 Due other companies 59, .560. 31 Bills payable, car trusts and notes 590, 272. 67 Interest due and accrued 221, 014. 17 Estimated taxes 74, 731. 68 Unadjusted account, Gould-Huutington contract 179, 651. 55 Other unadjusted accounts 38, 450. 40 Total debt $-56,131,244.24 Capital stock 38,710,900.00 Total stock and debt 94,842,144.24 ASSETS. Eoad, fixtures and equipment 80, 535, 298. 80 New second-mortgage bonds in treasury 1, 763, 000. 00 Other bonds and scrip 40, 494. 00 Gordon coal mines 136, 868. 62 Grain elevator, Westwego, La 95, 159. 07 In hands of trustees to retire first-mortgage Ijonds of eastern division and Texas school fund loan 3, 951, 000. 00 Capital stock New Orleans Pacific Eailway Company. 6, 712, 500. 00 Other stocks 73,779.41 St. Charles Car Company trust 78. 921^. 50 Missouri Car and Foundry Company Car trust 194. 700. 15 Cash on hand 168,310.91 Eed River Line (H. P. Kwy. Co., i)roportiou of working capital) 4, 500. 00 Due from agents and foreign roads 612, 282. 62 Advances to agents 10, 585. 33 Unclaimed wages 11, 391. 32 Bills receivable — land notes •- 101, 483. 18 Fuel, stores, and material on hand 225, 041. 59 Unadjusted accounts 59,936.50 'Total 94,775,206.00 Deficit.. 66,878.24 Revenue and cxi)cnditurcs for the year ended June 20, 1S93. EEVE>'UE, Earnings $7,329,072.13 . ^ Coupons, interest, equipment, etc 72, 137. 91 Eentals .' 53' 001. 60 Sundry amounts S9, 833. 78 Eeceiver's certificate, St. Louis, Alton and Springfield Ewy 36.05 Total $7,554,08L47 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 859 EXPEXDITURKS. Operating expenses $5, 302, 210. 05 Taxes 192,803.95 Interest on funded debt 1, 279, 190. 00 Interest and discount 17, 361. 23 Rentals (58,901.00 Sundry amounts 23G, 316. 82 Sundry investments 159, 300. 08 Litchfield Railway Equiiiment Company car trust 33, 452. 76 Total $7,280,868.89 Surplus 273,212.58 Comparative stalement of the earnings and expenses of the Texas and Pacific Eaihiaxj Company, Tear ended— Diffei cnce. June 30, 1893. June 30, 1892. Increase. Decrease. EAEXrXGS. $1, 858, 942. 96 4, 999. 120. 60 210, 917. 12 164, 526. 26 95, 565. 19 $1, 876, 334. 67 4, 748. 076. 83 210, 567. 17 164, 410. 75 58, 608. 89 $17, 391. 71 "Prpifht. $251, 043. 77 349. 95 115. 51 36, 956. 30 ;M;ail . .. Kvnrps^ .................. TVTisppllanfiOiis . Total 7, 329, 072. 13 7, 057, 998. 31 271, 073. 82 EXPENSES. 1, 940, 241. 75 1, 078, 329. 00 1,656,867.66 413, 408. 80 406,171.58 2,058,341.78 1, 313, 600. 49 1, 709, 560. 86 408, 236. 16 413, 948. 76 118 100 03 2.'<8 271.43 52, 633. 20 Hainteiitince of cars 5, 172. 64 General expenses and taxes C 78'' 03 Total 5, 495, 014. 00 5, 905, 688. 05 410, 674. 05 K"©! earninirs ... .............. 1, 834, 058. 13 1, 152, 310. 26 681,747.87 , — AvGra""c miles operated 1, 499. 00 1,499.00 Earnings per mile $4. 889. 31 3, 065. 79 $4, 708. 47 3, 939. 75 $180. 84 273. 96 Xet earnings per milo 1, 223. 52 768. 72 454.80 Percentage of expenses to earnings 74.97 83.67 8 70 UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. This company vras formed January 24, 1880, by the consohdation of the Union Pacific, the Kansas Pacific, and tlie Denver Pacific Eailroad Companies. The Union Pacific Eailroad Company was chartered by Congress July 1, 1862. The subsidy in Government bonds was at tlie rate of $10,000, $32,000, and $48,000 per mile, according to difficulty in the work of construction. By the act of incorporation the subsidy bonds were to be a first mortgage on the road. Under a subsequent act of July 2, 18G4, the company was allowed to issue an equal amount of its own bonds, which were to be a first lien on the road, the subsidy bonds being thereafter a second mortgage. For the repayment of the subsidy bonds the company was required to pay annually to the Government 5 per cent of its net earnings and one-half of the charges for transporta- tion on its account. The amount realized therefrom being insufficient to defray the annual interest charge on the subsidy bonds, the act of 860 , PAPERS ACCOMPANYIXG THE May 7, 1S78, otherwise known as tlie " Tliurman act," was passed. At this date the excess of interest paid by the United States over and above all reimbursements had amounted to $11,771,728.83 for the Union Pacific and 82,930,903.00 for the Kansas Tacific. The Thurman act provided that the whole amount of compensation for services rendered the Governmoit by the company should be retained by the United States, one-half to he applied to the liquidation of the interest paid and to be paid by the United States on account of the subsidy bonds, and the otlier half to be carried to the credit of a sinking fund. Under the provisions of the same act the 5 per cent of net earnings directed to be withheld by the acts of 1802 and 18Gi were increased to 25. The road was opened May 10, 1809, seven years and twenty days in advance of the time fixed. The Kansas Pacific Eailway Company was first chartered by the leg- islature of Kansas as the Leavenworth, Pawnee and Western. It was included in the Pacific Eailroad acts of 1802 and 1804, and granted a subsidy in Government bonds of 810,000 per mile, the condition of the subsidy being the same as the grant to the Union Pacific. On June C, 1803, the name of the company was changed to the Union Pacific East- ern Division, and by an act of Congress, approved May 31, 1808, to the Kansas Pacific. The road was completed from Kansas City to Denver (638 miles) September 1, 1870. In 1873 default Avas made in the pay- ment of interest on the company's bonds and the road placed in the hands of a receiver, who was discharged in 1879 and the affairs of the company reorganized. The Denver Pacific, connecting the Kansas Pacific with the Union Pacific, was built by the Kansas Pacific and opened January 1, 1871. The mileage of the system on June 50, 1893, was as follows : Main line : Miles. Council Blnffs, Iowa, to O^den, Utah 1^ 033. 46 Kansas City, Mo,, to Denver, Colo 639. 52 Denver, Colo., to Cheyenne, Wyo ] 04. 10 Branch lines: Leavenworth to Lawrence, Kans i 31. 93 Council Bluffs, Iowa (Broadway), to .junction with main line ... 1. 72 Omaha, Nehr. (bridge junction), to old initial point 3.95 Almy Junction, AVyo., to Mine No. 7 3. 88 Armstrong to Wyandotte, Kans 2. 08 Detroit to Enterprise, Kans 1. 95 45. 51 Total owned 1^ 822. 59 The company also controls 5,859.86 miles of auxiliary lines, making a total of 7,082.45 miles of owned and operated roads which report to the organization located at Omaha. Those portions of the road which were constructed by the aid of a subsidy in bonds, and are therefore subject to the requirements of law with respect to the annual payment to the United States of a percent- age of net earnings, are as follows : Union Pacific — Bridge Junction, Omaha, Nebr., to Ogdeu, Utah, 1,029.4810 miles; Ogden Station, Utah, to junction with the Central Pacific Eailroad (leased and operated by the Central Pacific Eailroad Company), 5 milesj total, 1,034.4840 miles. The aided portion of the Kansas Pacific begins at Kansas City, Mo., and ends at a point near Boaz, Kans., a distance of 393.9425 miles. The subsidy bonds issued b.y the United States in aid of construction amount to $33,539,512; the Union Pacific having received $27,236,512 and the Kansas Pacific $0,303,000. The interest paid thereon by the REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 861 United States to June 30, 1S93, amounted to 851,210,890.70, and the repayments by tbe company in transportation services, cash, and in- terest on tbe sinking-fund iiivestments to 832,831,323,72, as sbown by tbe books of tbe Treasury Department; making tbe comx)any's liability to tbe United States on tbat date $51,910,078.98. Tbe excess of interest paid by tbe United States over all credits amounted to $18,370,560.98, a reduction in tbe amount of liability of 897,183.85, as comj)ared witb tbe previous year. Tbe amount found due tbe United States under tbe acts of 1862, 1864, and 1878, for tbe year ended December 31, 1892, was $1,381,059.40; an increase of 842,031.27 over tbe amount found due for tbe previous year. Tbe interest payable by tbe United States on tbe bonds issued to tbis company amounts to $2,012,370.72 annually. By tbe Pacific llailroad acts of 1802 and 1864 tbe following grants of land were made by Congress to aid in construction: Acres. Union Pacific 12,000,000 Kansas Pacific 6, 000, 000 Denver Pacific Railway and Telegraph 1, 000, 400 Total 19,000,400 Tbe following points are tbe land-grant termini: Union Pacitic — Bridge Junction, Omaba, Nebr., and Union Depot, Ogden, Utab. Kansas Pacific, Kansas City, Mo., and a iDoint on tbe railroad between Monument and Gopber stations and 18tb street, Denver, Colo. Denver Pacific, Denver, Colo., and Cbeyenne, Wyo. Tbe records of tbe General Land Office sbow tbat to June 30, 1893, tbere bad been patented to tbe — Acres. Union Pacific, direct 3, 906, 533. 90 Through the State of Kansas 2, 743, 097. 13 Through the State of Nehraska 3,783,641.97 Through the State of Colorado 289, 682. 03 Throutrh the State of Wyoming 79, 682. 03 Through the Territory of Utah 40, 196. 49 Total 10, 842, 833. 55 To the Kansas Pacific, direct 2, 476, 052. 18 To the Denver Pacific, direct 209, 232. 52 Aggregate 13,528,118.25 Tbe company reports tbe number of acres of land acquired as follows : By United States patents 7, 207, 346. 98 By cancellation of contracts 2, 128, 603. 13 Total 9. 335, 950. 11 Total number of acres sold for cash and on time con- tracts 13, 929, 695. 75 Reclaimed by United States 480. 00 13, 390, 175. 75 Tbe company also reports tbat tbe total casb receipts from all sales to date amount to 838,778,924.24, and 87,006,120.17 outstanding on account of time sales. Tbe express business on tbe company's line of road is transacted by tbe Pacific Express Company, under contract dated May 1, 1886, tbe railroad company receiving a percentage of tbe gross earnings. Pullman parlor, sleeping, and dining cars are run under contract dated February and August, 1889. 862 PAPERS ACCOMPANYIXG THE The telegrapli business is trausacted by the Western TJinon Com- pany, under contract dated July 1, ISSl. Sundry contracts and agreements, reLating to transportation and leases, have been entered into with other companies at various times. Tlie properties of the com^iany, from Omaha, Xebr., to Ogden, Utah, and from Kansas City to a point 394 miles west, inckiding roadbed, track, bridges, buildings, shops, etc., were inspected by the engineer of this Bureau in May last. His report thereon is contained in Ai^peu- dix A. The equipment consists of 9G passenger, 349 freight, and 89 switcljiug locomotives, 518 of which are equipped with Westinghouse brakes. In the passenger service there are 13 dining, CO sleeping, 25 chair, 132 first-class, 30 second-class, 46 emigrant, 40 mail, 49 baggage, 12 express, 3 combination, and 11 officers' cars; a total of 424, all of which are equipped with Westinghouse brakes and Miller platforms. In the freight service there are 6,107 box, 1,081 stock, 1,806 coal, 471 flat, 117 coml3ination, 427 refrigerator, 796 fruit, and 230 caboose cars; a total of 11,035 cars, 8,679 of which are equipped with Westinghouse brakes and 175 with Miller platforms. In the road and miscellaneous service there are 12 derricks, 22 snow plows, 31 boarding, 346 dump, gravel, construction, etc., 3 wrecking, 1 hand, and 7 push cars; 6 dei ricks, 119 dump, et^., and 1 boarding car are equipped with Westinghouse brakes. One hundred and fifty-eight locomotives, 88 passenger, 3,504 freight, and 100 road-repair cars (included in the foregoing) are held in trust by the American Loan and Trust Company, trustee, of Boston. There were 15,376 tons of steel rails laid during the year, at a cost of $506,837.40, and 1,338 tons of iron rads, at a cost of 829,296:77. Dur- ing the same period there were placed in the track 630,080 oak, cedar, pine, and fir cross-ties ,at a cost of 8290,383.09. The amount expended for additions and betterments to railway was 8182,361.68, and to rolling stock, 8122,294.51, all of which was charged to construction account. The following statements show the financial condition of the com- pany on June 30, 1893, together with the amounts found due the United States under the acts of 1862, 1864, and 1878. Other financial and statistical information relating to the sinking fund, bonds issued, and lands granted to this company wiU be found in the appendixes. EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 863 ■^ — ^ a >^ s 2 ii I"* i- ^ 5 -g " ♦3 T ■> X * « r- g '^ ;^ — s 2 - ^ tE i- c o 7 -S^ 5 "^ 'c C 1 I*-l '^ 5 = ©+£ r C "^ if. ^ 5 C a T i ^ tr g O o =-3 >■. g'3 -4- :p-.: ■^ 'C -f^ 1 f l^-a 6 g-r cc *;: 5 cj c 5 K^. J. o 1 vm 11-^ g 1 "o a § 25 es a S ^ oc s O "^ ii ^ K -^ ^ — v; 7. eg g .5 1 |g^-. c t; ^ if -§11 1^ '5 a I^JUil _- = ^ " ^ C ^ »> w 3 5; r- . ^- F— rt « = c - « c: - r ; — — r ^ r Or;" C ' ^ i^ ^ — c c - c ;= t^ K Pi ?;co Pi i-i ^ 1— ' '^ ' • . .0 = 00 00 .0 ® . . = C; 00 .0 . . c; = c; r-i .0 • I .«'— ".v-'t-^ CO.-" ' C « tH . . 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D r - I c: . fc i/j - •r a S cS e 1 a e ■§ » ^^ ° 1 t; a 1 c ^j en J 'a a a tj .M t< s § g cc ) ; § s .id t^ C a 1 1 t" -*^ . 2 : 1 : •*■» • § ; ^ ■ a 5 ^ tx Si'i it 'H ^ is 53 1 s P c fc c t £ cc a § c p c c p I.* 1 s 3 1 5 .^ .t: -^ -i^ -^ r: X .«-< t" ^5 2S » K^ a: ^ 7s "S ^■^ '3 t3 n C p;3-:Zx ^ a ci C3 1^ -^ c h3 t-H mO 1 C H e^ 5 8G4 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 4^ c o O Co 1-S s o IS. b « ^ IS a S O r^ t»J I a ^ cs ^ a -3 « . - o o ^'- - S -2-3 IS =° DC .i +- t- VC c C CE -►^ -ki a: 1 "- t-'c . a ^" ci '^ 1 a <1 = 2 r s§ el o >^ ^ 3 ^'•si -sn-*^ a ^ •3« S^ 1 ::a §s a Si ^ a f^r— c-^ c c 0) c- -^ ^ IE or u r ■w c w m;^ p: , o o o c O s o o c ■o (0 o o o c I— 1

    o CO c = o o c CO I— t .*^ OOCl M O != " f t> cT L-: « t~ r: c CO s CO C^OXiOC •^ lO o -5 l-l •SCI ■S 4^ ■^ in oin ^ IT C o m S^ o « © c: w t: 5^ >. (2.1 ,« ■*-* t:~ C! O cc ^ -t CT. CS O f-t C- c- 15 o o 00 K — Ci c- oc fH rH rH fH r- 00 OC C5 T- o 00 00 00 a 00 O O O =! C O" ^ T-l r-( T-( CN| « cS o coo tH i-t r*H •a £ +i t. ) a rt o fe ) o 1 C s> C s :r a c in a O •< ?: C c III S ^ c © © P.^ £ (- c «= «= ^^HcS -^ 'S rt cr 00 X ^ >- cc 5 c S 5 2| ■+■ a u -t= +j « i3 > »— < ^ c 2 o'ri'^ J"::: o H g a = 2 -g =r c ^ 1 .£-.5-3ti ? ^ C" P — -- M ^ b CC" c^c.=" — c r^ f-- - fi r 1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 865 Comparative statement of the financial condition of the Union Pacific Eailwaij Companif, June 30, 1S93. LIABILITIES. First -mortgage bonds Interest on same, due and accrued Interest on same, accrued, not due United States subsidy bonds Interest on same, paid by United States. Other funded debt Interest on same, due and unpaid Interest on .same accrued, not due Dividends unpaid Accounts payable Pay-rolls and vouchers Called bonds Total debt . C.ipital stock 'Jotal stock and debt ASSETS. Koad fixtures and equipment Land contracts, land cash, etc Fuel, material, and stores on hand Company's stocks and bonds owned by company Company's stocks and bonds owned by company in trust Other stocks and bonds owned by com- pany Other stocks and bonds owned by com- pany, in trust Miscellaneous investments Advances payable in stocks and bonds . . Sinking funds in bands of trustees, com- pany Bills receivable Accounts receivable Due from other companies on account of tratlic Kepaid the United States in transporta- tion services and cash .' Cash on hand Total assets Surplus Tear ended — June 30. 1893. June 30, 1892. $42, 545, 000. 00 186, 063. 25 637, 805. 78 33, 539, 512. 00 51,210.890.70 44, 2G9. 8S5. 00 70, 7L)5. 68 679. 054. 31 18, 709. 27 2. 199, 720. 61 2,964,691.73 167, OUO. 00 $43, 434, 000. 00 180, 246. 06 1,034,492.50 33. 5L^9, 512. 00 49,198,519.93 51,700,885 00 74, 040. 65 858, 900. 32 18, 709. 27 2,214,511.74 3, 305, .559. 38 1 55, 000. 00 Difference. Increase. $5, 817. 19 2, 012, 370. 72 Decrease. $889, 000. 00 396, 086. 72 7, 491, 000. 00 ■A, 844. 97 179, 816, 01 178, 489, 128. 33 I 185, 774, 976. 90 60, 868, 500. 00 I CO, 808, 500. 00 239, 357, 628. 33 l 246, 643, 470. 90 155. 662, 567. 45 8, 548, 439. 40 1, 973, 948. 66 509, 630. 25 6, 338, 382. 92 1, 142, 000. 71 48, 107, 502. 64 1,168,713.45 2, 302, 468. 18 3, 984, 922. 20 1, 63(1, 637. 23 11, 779, 377. 33 223, 972. 57 33, 228, 292, 52 1, 771, 857. 91 155, 348, 9, 580, 2,029, 157, 6, 155, 715, 53,515, 1, 202, 2, 403, 3, 514, 1, .364, 13, 389, 481. 26 850. 76 282. 84 620. 00 382. 92 841.82 580. 09 208. 74 084. 28 479. 39 400.47 260. 63 477, 259. 76 31, 487, 2, 225, 749. 02 108. 97 278,372,713.42 j 283,506,651.05 39, 015, 085. 09 36, 923, 174. 15 14,791.13 340, 867. 65 12, 000. (.0 7, 285, 848. 57 7, 2S5, 848. 57 314, 08G. 09 352, 010. 25 183, 000. 00 42G, 158. 89 470, 442. 81 266, 236. 70 1, 740, 543. 50 1,032,411.36 55, 334. 18 5, 408, 077. 45 33, 555. 29 100, 616. 10 1, 609, 883. 30 253, 287. 19 453, 251. 06 5, 193, 937. 63 2, 091, 910. 94 The company claims a credit in its general balance sheet of $33,228,202.52 for transportation services rendered and ca.sli payments to the United States, but the following statement, compiled from reports furnislied this office by the Treasury Department of settled accounts, cash payments, and interest on sinking-fund investments to June 30, 1893, shows a difference on that date of"8393,959.80, thus: Amonnt of credits claimed by the company $33, 228, 292. 52 Applied to the credit of lioud and in- terest account: Transportation $17, 971, 105. 85 Casli 438, 409. 58 $18,409,575.43 Applied to sinking-fund account: Transportation $9, 505, 183, 71 Interest 3,497,859.12 Cash 1,421,714.46 • 14,424,757.29 32, 834, 332. 72 Difference 393,959.80 Ab. 93 55 8C6 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE lieventie and exxKndUures for the year ended June SO, 1S9S. EEVENUE. Enrnings $19, 743, 747. 41 Dividends on stocks of other companies 290,015.00 Interest on bonds of tliis and otlier companies 1, 278, 065. 49 Interest on and income from miscellaneous invest- ments 206, 533. 59 Receipts of the land department and trust income . .. 125, 433. 82 Interest on U. S. sinking fund of company 689, 880. 00 Discount on collateral, trust notes redeemed 176, 255. 87 Miscellaneous land receipts 9, 327.83 Interest on Kansas Pacilic consoldated bonds repaid by trustees 486.230.44 Total. $23,005,489.45 EXPENDITURES. Openitincj expenses 11, 872, 003. 19 Interest on funded debt $5, 146, 837. 84 Credit by interest on other debt 8.5, 353. 18 5. 061. 484. 66 Losses on stocks of other companies 7, 391. 40 Losses on bonds of other com])auies 912, 184. 33 Sinking fund requirement companies 715, 267. 50 New construction $182, 361. 68 New en uipmcnt 122, 294. 81 304, 656. 49 Expenses of land department, taxes, etc 332, 098. 49 Interest paid by trustees on Kansas Paciiic consoli- dated bonds /. '. 486, 230. 44 United States requirement * 1, 323, 044. 37 Premium on purchase of 8 per cent sinking-fund bonds. 15, 574. 67 Coal department, damage claims, etc 10, 915. 47 Premium on bonds redeemed 116, 436. 84 Prolit and loss 646^369.78 Total '. 21, 803, 657. 63 Surplus 1, 201, 831, 82 The following stateinciits sliow the amoniits found due the United States by i\\a Union division under the ^'Thurman act," and by the Kansas division under the acts of 1S62 and 1804 for the year ended December 31, 1892: Statement of amounis due the United States hy the Union Pacific JRailway Comjjany nnder the act of May 7, 187S, for the year ended December 31, 1892. Union Division. earnings. United States : Passenger $50, 139. ,59 Freight 100,473.71 MaiT 849, P55. 16 Telegraph 57. 59 Commercial : Passenger 2, 335, 542. 98 Sleeping cars t -' 84, 928. 80 Frei ght 10, 371 , 257. 90 Company freight 473, -280. 28 Express ^ 207, 246. 27 Tidcgraph 39, 727. 51 Miscellaneous 319, 145. 43 1,000,626.05 13, 831, 129. 17 Total earnings 14, 831, 755. 22 * $1,384,659.40 found due the United States by this office for the year 1892. + Apportioned on the basis of sleei>ing-car mileage, being 43.7947 per cent of $193^924.85, income from sleeping cars. EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 867 EXPKXSES. Maintenance of ^Yay and structures $1, 227, 250. 59 Maintenance of equipment 1, 820, 606. 31 Conducting transportation 3, 866, 759. 28 General expenses 963, 572. 13 Taxes " 374,201.63 Total operating expenses 8, 2.52, 389. 94 Interest on first mortgage bonds 1, 633, 740. 00 Total expenses under act of May 7, 1878 $9, 886, 129. 94 Net earnings 4, 945, 625. 28 (Twcuty-iive per cent of net earnings = $1, 236, 406. 32.) DUE THE UNITED STATES. One-balf Government transportation, as above $500, 313. 02 Five per cent of net of earnings, under act of 1862 247, 281. 26 Credit of bond and interest account 747, 594. 28 One-balf Government transportation, as above ._ 500, 313. 03 Credit of sinking-fund account '. 500, 313. 03 Total for the year 1, 247, 907. 31 Kansas Drvisiox — Aided Line. EARNINGS. United States: Passenger $7, 076. 53 Freight 9, 832. 46 Mail 106, 448. 99 Telegraph 20.17 $123, 378. 15 Commercial : Passenger 793, 797. 77 Sleeping cars* 22, 815. 26 Freight 2, 289, 005. 90 Comiiany freight 37, 217. 57 Express 52, 542. 71 Telegraph 7,292.98 Miscellaneous 92, 349. 45 3,295,081.64 Total earnings 3, 418, 459. 79 EXPENSES. Maintenance of way and structures 329, 077. 47 Maintenance ef equipment 350, 833. .37 Conducting transportation 872, 098. 41 General expenses 228, 562. 85 Taxes 103,469.55 Total operating expenses 1, 884, 041. 65 New construction and equipment t . . .^. 33, 157. 81 Total expenses under act of 1864 1, 917, 199. 46 Net earnings 1,501,260.33 Five per cent of net earnings 75, 063. 02 * Apportioned on the basis of sleeping-car mileage, being 11.7650 per cent of $193,924.85 income from sleeping cars. t Distributed on the basis of revenue-train mileage, being 17.11507 per cent of $57, 165.88, the amount expended for new equipment. 868 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE DUE THE UXITED STATES. One-half Goverument transportation, as above Five per cent of net earnings nnder act of 1834 Total for the year $61, 689. 07 75, 063. 02 136, 752. 09 DUE BY THE UNIOX PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. Union division 1, 247, 907. 31 Kansas division 136, 752. 09 Total 1,384,659.40 Comparailve siaiement of the earnings and expenses of the Union Pacific Bailway Company, Tear ended— Difference. June 30, 1893. June 30, 1892. Increase. Decrease. EARNINGS. • $3, 733, 70H. 00 14, 032, 257. 93 1, 05-t, 395. 39 330, 309. 17 593, 078. 92 $3, 598, 018. 71 14, 251, 969. 09 1,034,415.89 321, 010. 37 532, 164. 37 $135, 687. 29 Frci '''lit *... ........ ......... $219, 711. 16 Mail 19, 979. 50 9, 298. 80 60, 914. 55 Express . - Miscellaneous Total 19, 743, 747. 41 19, 737, 578. 43 6, 168. 98 EXPENSES. Maintenance of way and structures ^laintpiiance of f ouiiinipnt 1, 871, 974. 78 2,411,006.19 5, 575, 280. 31 2, 013, 735. 91 1, 828, 137. 90 2,571,413.64 5, 209, 483. 13 1, 766, 745. 02 43, 836. 88 ir.n 407 a.i Coiiductin "" tra.iisiiorttit ioii 305, 803. 18 General esneuscs and taxes - 246, 990. 89 Total 11,872,093.19 1 11,435,779.69 436,223.50 | Not eamin <^9 7, 871, 744. 22 8,^01,798.74 430, 054 52 1, 822. 59 1, 821. 86 . 73 Earnings per mile 10,832.79 i 10.833.75 .96 6, 513. 81 6,271.98 236. 83 K^et earniiio"s ner mile 4,318.08 4, 556. 77 237. 79 Percentage of expenses to earnings eo. 13 57.94 2.19 WISCONSIN CENTRAL EAILEOAD COMPANY. (XORTHERX PACIFIC RAILPiOAD COMPANY.) This company lias failed to submit, on the form prescribed by the Bureau, a report of its operations during the past year. The company was chartered in 1853 to construct a road from Men- asha, Wis., to Ashland and Superior City, Wis., a distance of 330 miles. The road is operated by the Northern Pacific Kailroad Company under lease. Portage City, Wis., via Stevens Point and Ashland, Wis., are the land-grant termini. By an act of Congress approved May 5, 18G4, there were granted to the company 1,800,000 acres of land in aid of construction. The records of the General Land Office sliow that to June 30, 1893, there had been patented to the company 770,727.08 acres of land, and that 200,000 acres of railroad-indemnity lands, located in Wisconsin, had been restored to the i)ublic domain. REPOKT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 869 CONCLUSION. Tlie jnrisdiction of this Bureau extends over forty-nine original com- panies which, by consolidation and lease, arc no\r included in and operated by fifteen companies or "systems," with an aggregate of ujnvard of 07,000 miles of railway. The duties devolving upon the Bureau are technical in character, and require practical experience in the intricate metliods of railway accounting. Tliey include a supervision, by personal inspection and examination, of the valuable properties of the railway companies, and a settlement of accounts involving millions of dollars annually. They require a familiarity with what are known as the Pacific Eailway acts and the decisions of the courts interpreting them. The duties to be lierformed, therefore, are in the highest degree important, and the serv- ices rendered are of corresponding value to the Government. It affords me great pleasure to commend the general efficiency of the employes of the Bureau. I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, Your obedient servant, Wade Hampton, Commissioner. Hon. Hoke Smith, Secretary of the Interior. « * * * «> * « KEPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT DIRECTORS OF THE UNION PACIFIC RAILWxS.Y. ArouST 30, 1893. Sir : The Government directors of the Union Pacific Railway Com- pany hereby submit their report for the fiscal vear ending June 30, 1893. From a recent examination personally made by one of the Govern- ment directors, the results of which have been confirmed to the satis- faction of all of us, we are enabled to repeat with marked emphasis the statement of our ])redecessors made in their annual report for 1802 as to the excellent physical condition of the system, both as to the main line and the important branches thereof. We are confident at no time in the history of the company have its trackage, siding, and terminal facilities been more complete, the condition and character of its motive power been as good, and the amount of its freight and pas- senger equipment been as extensive as at the present time. A consid- erable expenditure has been made in this direction with a view to the preparation for the large traffic which was looked for at the beginning of the present year, and in the interest of economy in the prompt and speedy handling of its freight and passenger business. But while the business capacity of the road has thus been enlarged and its traffic facilities materially improved, we have to report that its earnings for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, both gross and net, have quite considerably decreased. It is hardly necessary for us to give in detail the causes of this decrease. They are the same causes which have diminislied the transactions and stagnated the business enterprise of the entire country, and their effects have been so wide- spread and so manifest that a statement of them would be superfluous. 870 PAPERtJ ACCOMPANYING THE T4ierc has been no addition to tlie mileage of tlie company by tlie constinction of new railroads since the last report of the Government directors, except a trifling increase of some 19 miles, wliicli lias been cansed by llic extension of some sidings, and tlie completion of some terminal facilities. Under the stipulations contained in the collateral trust indejiture no extensions have been made, no leases or guaranties of any kind have been assumed, no bonds issued, extended, or indorsed upon any i)art of the system since September 4, 1891, the date of the said instrument. For the Union Pacific Eailway proper the earnings and expenses for the twelve mouths, June 30, 1892, to June 30, 1893, have been as follows : 1892. Earninjrs $10,900,011.23 Expenses 11, 132, loli. 85 Surplus I 8, 827, 857. 38 1893. $19. 958, 058. 54 11,531,803.80 8, 426, 254. 74 Increa8e+ Decrease— —$1,952.69 -1-399,649.95 ^01, 602. 04 For the entire system for the same period — • 1892. 1893. Increase+ Decrease— T^arm'ncq . . ............ $44. 547. 040. 39 $44, 240, 713. 27 28, 695, 792. 20 $306 927 12 28,521,110.25 + 174,681.95 Siirnlns ....................................... 16, 026, 530. 14 15, 544, 921. 07 —481, 609. 07 It will be remembered that in September, 1891, the company created a collateral trust for the purpose of relieving itself from the pressure of its large and unmanageable floating debt. For this purpose sub- stantially all of the bonds, stocks, and other available assets of the company were transferred to the firm of Drexel, Morgan & Co., as trustees. By the terms of the indenture of trust it was provided that collateral trust notes, properly certified by the trustees, might be issued to the extent of $24,000,000, and that these notes should be applied to the payment or extension of the existing floating debt. At the time of the creation of the collateral trust the floating debt amounted to about $20,000,000. The total amount of collateral trust notes issued w^as $18,710,000, The estimate(r value of the property and assets cov- ered by the pledge was $42,000,000. The amount of the outstanding collateral trust notes which have been canceled and retired at the date of this report is $7,280,000. The amount of notes outstanding is $11,430,000. This reduction has been efi'ected by the sale of a portion of the collateral security. The security still held by the trustees has beeij recently appraised by the company, as follows: The estimated market value of bonds $17, 503, 514. 60 The e.>itimated market value of stocks 7, 160, 396. 07 Total 21,663,910.67 It must not, however, be inferred from this statement that the trus- tees liave disposed of $17,000,000 of these securities in order to cancel and retire $7,000,000 in notes. Full allowance has been made in the estimates of the present nnivket value Jbr the depreciation in the selling values of these stocks and bonds, and the difference in the estimate of REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 871 to-tlay and tlie estimate made in September, 1891, includes botli -the securities sold and the allowance made in the decreased market ^-alue of the securities still on hand. We are satisfied that ^prudent admin- istration of this trust will result in the payment of all the notes out- standing, and leave a considerable equity applicable to other require- ments of the company. The approaching maturity of the subsidy debt due by the company to the United States seems to render imperative the adoption of such measures as will secure the best return x)0ssible to the Governmentand enable the company to discharge its great functions as a public carrier. The principal of the debt due to the Goveiument matures as follows: Novemljerl, 1895 $640,000 Jaimarvl, 1896 1,440,000 Febnuiryl, 1896 - 4, 320, COO January 1, 1897 6,640,000 January 1, 1898 17, 342, 512 January 1, 1899 3,157,000 Total 33,539,512 Under the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States it has been held that the interest accruing on these bonds was not payable until their maturity, so that the gross amount of the debt due to tlie United States consists of the principal above mentioned and the inter- est thereon at the rate of C per cent for thirty years, which was the I)eriod of all of the said bonds. Against this accruing interest the company has been credited from time to time with sundry amounts for the transportation of mail and carriage of freight for account of the Government and with certain cash payments made by the company to the Government under the provisions of the Thurman Act. The approx- imate balance of indebtedness, as it stands to-day, is $55,000,000. This amount, however, is not actually payable until the bonds respectively mature, so that, in order to ascertain the exact i^resent value of the indebtedness, the gross amount to be paid at the maturity of the bonds must be discounted at an agreed rate of interest for the period to elapse between the present time and the date of maturity. We feel called upon to repeat the recommendations which have so constantly been made by all of the Government directors, that it is for the interest of the Government and of the company and of the commu- nities which this great raiboad serves to make a ])rompt, just, and complete adjustment of the financial relations between this company and the United States. This recommendation has constantly been made to Congress in various messages of our Chief Magistrates, and we desire to report, as the conclusion of our more intimate knowledge of the condition of this company and of this great railroad property, that it would be for the great interest of all parties concerned to carry into effect the recommendations so made, to the end that a complete settlement of the subsidy debt due to the United States may be made. Respectfully submitted. E. Ellery Anderson, Joseph W. Paddock, EiTznuGH Lee, Government Directors. Hon. Hoke Smith, Secretary of the Interior, Washington, B. C. 872 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE EEPOKT OF THE PEESIDENT OF HOWARD UNIVEESITY. Howard University, Washington, D. C\, July 8, 1893. Sir: In belialf of Howard University, I beg leave to submit the following report of its work for the year ending June 30, 1893: As a part of this report, you will, please regard the catalogue for 1892-'93, which I have the honor to submit. The treasurer's reiDort for the same period 1 have the honor, also, to submit. From the catalogue you will see that the seven different departmejits of the university have been in active and successful operation, with an attendance of 512. Ninety-seven have completed the course in their respective departments. These students are from the District of Columbia and almost every State and Territory in the Union, while some are from Africa, the West Indies, and Japan. They are drawn here partly because of the great libraries and scientific institutions connected with the Government, and partly because so many Depart- ments of the Government afford them opportunities of self help during the iieriod of their studies. To be more specific, the different depart- ments are : First. The industrial, or manual-labor department, where 57 students have received instruction in printing; 61 in carpentry; 152 in mechan- ical drawing; 6 in bookbinding; 18 in tinning; 49 in sewing; total, 343. The carpentry, tinning, and bookbinding have been especially val- uable to the university in repairing buildings and in binding books and pamphlets. The second department reported is the normal, in which are trained teachers for the common-school work, and where 185 have been in attendance and 12 have graduated. The preparatory is the third department, where students are fitted for college, and where 02 have been in attemdance and 12 have graduated. The college is the fourth department, with its 33 students and C graduates. The fifth is the medical department, where 134 have been in attend- ance, with 28 graduates. The sixth is the law department, where there have been 49 students, with 33 graduates. The seventh, the theological dei)artment, with 34 students and 4 graduates. Owing to the fact that the theological department is wholly sup- ported by benevolent funds from the American Missionary Association, the average expense to the Government of the teachers in all depart- ments is less than 8G0O a teacher. To students in the normal, industrial, preparatory, college, and theo- logical departments no charge is made for tuition, and the university collects funds in aid of students who need such assistance to the extent of about $50 per year. Board is furnished to all students at $8 per month. The law and medical departments are supported, in part, by funds of the university, and, in part, by income from tuition. The last two years, however, the Government has contributed to the sujiport of the law department. During the last year, from the amount granted by Congress, $23,500 have been expended in payment of the salaries of professors, teachers, and other regular employes of the university; $3,000 for tools, material, wages of instructors, and other necessary expenses of the industrial REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 873 depaitment; $500 for library books, bookcases, slielving, and fixtures; $500 for material and apparatus for chemical, physical, natural history, and laboratory work ; $1,500 for repairs of buildings; $500 for improve- ment of grounds; making a sum total of $29,500. Tlic maintenance of our work at the present standard will require the same sum for the ensuing year. This is about $4,000 less than our estimate for 1893, and the same amount less than we actually expended. I beg leave to call attention of the honorable vSecretary of the Inte- rior to the fact that during the past year the trustees have raised from the gifts of the benevolent and transferred from their investments and have expended on the erection of a new hall for the law departmeut the sum of $12,247.33, and also have expended from their funds $11,250 for a new amphitheater for the medical department. They very much need a new structure for the library and for anniversary assemblies as Avell as Sunday services, toward the erection of which a daughter of the late Hon. Luke P. Poland, of Vermont, has pledged $5,000; a bequest of J. H. Stiekney, esq., of Baltimore, amounting to another $5,000, has been added by the trustees, and other benevolent gifts for the same purpose make the whole amount in hand $12,000. Last year your hon- orable predecessor recommended to Congress that the Government participate in the erection of this building to the amount of $10,000. Will you not, honored sir, make the same recommendation the present year? If it should be granted us we could proceed at once to erect the building, the amount estimated being about $24,000. This, in addition to the appropriation granted us last year, will make the sum essential to our best prosperity $39,500. We believe, honored sir, that no work is more important to the wel- fare of the country than we are doing. A thoroughly educated man exerts a conservative influence wherever he goes. We believe that to be the record of our students, a large portion of whom are teachers. The treasurer's report of all Receipts and expenditures for the current year, a copy of which is forwarded herewith, will exhibit the workings of the institution much better than can be written in any other form, showing as it does the source from which all moneys of various kinds applicable to current expenses are received and the application of the same. Commending the university to the generous consideration of the Government, I am, very resi)ectfully, J. E. Eankix, Hon. Hoke Smith, Secretary of the Interior. Preside nt. EEPOET OF THE COLUMBIA INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. Columbia Iin'stitution for the Deaf and Dumb, • Kendall Green, Washington, B. C, October 14, 1803. The pupils remaining in this institution the 1st of July, 1892, num- bered 80; admitted during the year, 34; since admitted, 20; total, 140. Under instruction since July 1, 1892, 93 males; females, 47. Of these, 874 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE 83 have been in the collegiate departmeut, representing twenty-three States, the District of Columbia, and Canada, and 57 in the primary department. HEALTH. 'No serions cases of illness have occurred among the pupils during tlie year. Excellent health has been the rule, exceptions to which have been slight. * ^ * * * * ^ PUBLIC SPEAKING BY THE DEAF. All but one of the members of the graduating class whose essays were read to the audience, and these were nine in number, addressed a few clearly intelligible woi'ds orally to the guests on the platform as they came forward. The one who did not speak was (piite able to do so, but asked to be excused on account of a natural timidity he could not overcome. One of the class, Mr. Tilton, of Illinois, delivered his entire oration orally in a voice that was heard and understood in all parts of the hall. Mr. Tilton became totally deaf in his early boyhood, and, after having been a short time in a public school, entered tlie Illinois Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, where he was a pupil for seven years. Graduating from the Illinois Institution in 18S8, he immediately entered the intro- ductory class in our college, and has been a student here for five years. Both in Illinois and at Washington Mr. Tilton has had instruction in speech with a view to preserve unimpaired his power of vocal utterance. These efforts have been so entirely successful that few persons hearing him speak would think of his being a deaf man. Mr. Tilton's case is alluded to thus* particularly because it is per- sistently claimed and asserted by promoters and friends of the oral method of educating the deaf that to place a child, situated as Mr. Tilton was when he became deaf, in a school where the sign language is used will certainly lead to the impairment and probably to the loss of his vocal powers. The public should know that these views are held and advanced only by those whose experience as teachers of the deaf is limited to the nar- row field of a single method. Others who have the wider view, which comes from a knowledge of all the methods that are found to be of serv- ice, are ])erfectly well aware that the fears above referred to are without foundation. Furthermore, they have learned that deaf children and youth secure distinct advantages in the way of mental development and power of thonglit and expression through a considerable use of the language of signs during their school life, advantages from the lack of which those to whom the use of signs has been denied are often found to suffer seri- ously in comparison with the others. Mr. Tilton's experience is by no means singular. In the college and in the schools of the country in which, as in it the combined system is maintained, large numbers of children and youth who have ac(piired si)eech before becoming deaf are constantly to be found whose power of vocal utterances is, with a very moderate amount of care, easily and fnlly maintained, and even considerably improved. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 875 THE DEPARTMENT OF ARTICULATION. Instruction in speech lias been continued in both school and college with increasingly satisfactory results. The system of classiiication fully detailed in our last annual report has been continued. Every student and i)upil is ofl'ered instruction, and only those are excused from work in this department \\ho can without doubt occupy their time to better advantage with other things. These students only in the col- lege were so excused, and two of these were under instruction in speech for a part of the year. In the Kendall school only three pupils were without instruction in speech, and those will receive such teaching later on. Among the college students there were seven who were born deaf, or who lost their hearing in very early childhood, who were absolutely with- out speech at the beginning of last year, who during the year made remarkable advances in gaining control of their hitherto untrained vocal organs. One of them, who will not return, gained enough speech in his single j-ear's training to enable him to converse at home with his family and to make oral utterance his means of communication in busi- ness. In this connection it ought to be said that friends of our students must not expect the college to do the work that should have been com- pleted in the i>rimary school. For those students who come to us with- out speech, time and strength will not suffice to secure advanced intel- lectual culture and also a complete mastery of speech, even where ability for the latter exists. The main object of the college is to afford its students full opiiortu- nity for the greatest advances they can make in practical scholarship. But it is our purpose, and we are confident Ave now possess the teach- ing force necessary to this end, to preserve unimpaired to all our stu- dents wliatever iiowers of speech and speech-reading they may bring with them to the college. Orally taught deaf ])ersons need not have the slightest fear that in taking places in a college where the language of signs and the man- ual alphabet have their jjroper and necessary places and uses, any risk will be run of losing, even to a slight degree, their dearly bought and highly valued power of vocal utterance. ■****» iff ^ CONGRESSES AND MEETINGS AT CHICAGO. The occasion of the World's Fair and the action of the organization known as the World's Congress Auxiliary led to a number of meetings in the interest of the deaf, all held at Chicago, during the month of July last, in which the officers and graduates of this institution took more or less conspicuous parts. The world's congress of instructors of the deaf was attended by more than 200 teachers actively engaged in the work, among whom were dele- gates from England, Scotland, Ireland, and Canada. Sixty-two papers were read on 35 diHerent topics, all on the invitation of a committee of arrangements. .Nine of these papers were from officers of this insti- tution and 17 from graduates of the college, all but 1 of whom are instructors in the*schools of this country and Canada. The world's congress of the deaf was larger in numbers than that of the instructors, and included delegates from Ireland, France, Germany, Austria, and Sweden. Out of the 49 papers presented 15 were from graduates and former students of the college. 876 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Among- tlie many subjects of interest to tbe deaf considered by the congress the question of methods was discussed, and the following res- olution was unanimously adopted : Hesolred, That it is the sentimcut of this Congress that the combinecl system is the one proper aud perfect method of educatiug the deaf, and that its adojttion be recommended to all schools where it is not yet observed. The mover of the resolution remarked in presenting it that it had the unanimous ai)proval of the delegates from foreign countries. When it is known that in this congress of educated deaf persons there were many graduates of oral schools, the unanimity with which the resolution was adopted is significant. The attitude taken on this question by one of the most important meetings of educated deaf mutes ever convened is gratifying to the officers of this institution, for it is here that the combined system was faithfully advocated more than twenty-five years ago as that best adapted to secure the greatest good of the gTcatest number of the- deaf. How generally this system ine- vails in America will appear when it is stated, as found in the tables of the American Annals of the present year, that outof 8,G22 pupils in attendance 7,G20, or more than 88 i)er cent, were in schools conclucted on the combined system. The American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf held its third summer meeting in Chicago from the 14th to the 28th of Jnly, at the buildings of the University of Chicago. This institution was represented by 6 delegates. Owing to the fullness of the programme arranged for the congresses this association held no for- mal meetings for the discussion of methods and processes of instruc- tion. Its action in securing the university as a place where all interested in the education of the deaf could obtain comfortable quarters at mod- erate expense while visiting the exposition and attending the con- gresses, was most highly appreciated. And the cordial hospitality of the founder and president of the association, Prof Alexander Graham Bell, in giving a reception at the university on Saturday, July 22, to the members of all the associations and congresses then meeting in Chicago, will long be remembered most pleasantly by the guests on that occasion. All of which is respectfully submitted, by order of the board of directors. Edward M. Gallaudet, F resident. Hon. noKE Smith, Secretary of the Interior. *j^ -jp 4f» Jt ^fc Jl. TT TT W W W TT EEPOET OF THE FEEEDMEJT'S HOSPITAL. Freedmen's Hospital, Washington, D. C, August 1, 1893. Sir: I respectfully submit the annual report of this hospital and dispensary for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893: The whole number of patients admitted and treated in the hospital was 2,G2G, an increase of 87 over last year. Of this number 511 were white and 2,115 colored. Of the white, 400 were males and 111 females. Of the colored, 1,022 were males and 1,003 females. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 877 lu the dispensary attached 3,869 persons were prescribed for. The cases treated were surgical, medical, and obstetrical. ******* Table D. — Occupation of patients. Occupations. Servants , Laborers Ex-soldiers — Drivers Cooks Waiters Laundresses... Hostlers Sailor.>^ Housekeepers Barbers Farmers Carpenters Painters Chambermaids Clerks Nurses Hucksters Coachmen Bricklayers . . . Blacksmiths . . Hod-carriers.. Shoemakers . . Students Seamstresses.. Butchers Porters Printers No. 556 598 118 45 28 25 24 19 18 14 14 11 11 9 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 6 G G 5 5 5 4 Occupations. Watchmen Molders Boatmen Plasterers Tailors Hack men Wliite\\'ashers . Stonecutters... Storekeepers .. Fishermen Ex-U. S. Navy. Newsboys Butlers Basket-makers Conductors Guides Firemen Plumbers Dairymen Dressujakers .. Electricians ... Coach-painters Machinists Janitors Dredgers Iceman Baker Shoeblack No. Occupations. Stone-mason ... Druggist Bellman Cabinetmaker . Bookkeeper Plate-printer . . Well-digger . . . Peddler Jockey Paper-hanger.. I'joat- builder . . . Gardener Bartender Oyster-dredger Civil engineer . Teacl\er Coach-builder. . Lawyer Lumberman ... Upholsterer ... Undertaker Cigarmaker Messenger Engineer Eeportor No occupation . Unknown No. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 67 484 Table E. — Xativiiy of patients. Where horn. Virginia District of Columbia Maryland Ireland Pennsylvania New York North Carolina Germany England South Carolina Ohio Georgia Massachusetts Canada Alabama No. 867 538 485 80 74 GG 52 28 16 IG 13 13 11 10 7 "Where horn. Delaware New Jersey Kentucky West Virginia. . France Louisiana Florida Mississippi Connecticut Missouri Russia Illinois Texas Rliode Island. .. New Hanipsliire No. Where horn. Indiana Ssvitzerland Scotland ... A f rica Tennessee .. ISLaine Michigan .. Italy Nova Scotia Wales Greece West Indies Unknown .. No. T.VBLE F. — Showing the number admitted each month. Month. 1892 July August September October Novemlier December Month. 1893 January February March April May June Total No. 203 171 190 196 211 187 2,422 878 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Table G. — Showing ilic number each year for the past nineteen years. During yearendcdjune — No. During j-ear ended June — No. During year ended J une— Ifo. 1875 190 319 500 519 612 819 892 1882 1,102 1,373 1. .509 1, 701 1,923 2, 017 1,997 1889 2 074 1876 1833 1890 2 392 1877 1884 1891 2,373 1878 1885 1892 . 2 331 1879 188rt 1893 2,422 ISSO 1887 1881 . . . 1888 1 # EEPORT OF THE BOARD OF VISITORS. Government Hospital foe the Insane, Wasliington, J). C, Angnst 31, 1893. Sir: In accordance with the statute requirements the board of vis- itors respectfully submit this, their thirty-eighth annual report : ^ w ^ w ^ tP ^ The total number, 345, of admissions during the year is considerably above the average number of the past ten years, although it has been more than once exceeded during that time; but the number, 1,620, remaining June 30, 1893, and the total number, 1,942, under treatment during the year arcAvithout parallel in the hospital annals. It is prob- able that admissions will continue to exceed discharges and that for some years to come the i)opulation of the hospital must be expected to slowly increase. There is, however, still some consolation in knowing that this is by no means the hospital of largest population in the country. The number of deaths was 181, or 9'32 per cent of the whole number under treatment. The average age of those remaining under care has been each year advancing by reason of the preponderance of men from the I^ational Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, who, as a rule, when broken down Avith age and mental infirmity, end their days here. Consequently the per cent or mortality will inevitably exceed that in hospitals whose inmates are drawn equally from all classes of the com- munity in which they are situated. In this connection of advanced life it is also interesting to notice that in only 10 of those who died had the mental disease been of less than one year's duration. The remaining 171 had been insane for ]oeriods varying from one to forty- three years. The leading causes of death have been organic brain and X)ulmonary diseases, each class numbering 40 cases. Prostration from heat api)ears as an unusual cause of death in a hosi)ital for the insane. The summer months of 1892 were the hottest known to our records. Exhaustion due to the high temperature, continued day and night, was no doubt an element in the fatal result in a considerable number of .the chronic cases, but the three cases where the cause is given as prostra- tion from heat were old, bedridden patients, who in the midst of a X)rotracted term of torrid heat, Avithout exposure to the sun's rays, sud- denly i:)resented the leading symptom of sunstroke. Two others simi- larly affected survived. Six tatal cases of dysentery occurred, which were undoubtedly of malarial origin. During the past year the i^artial filling of the extensive flats on the Eastern Branch of the Potomac EEPORT OF THE SECEETARY OF THE INTERIOR 879 bortlerhig on tlie liospital grouucls, tliereby closing the swasli cliannel and at eacli ebb of the tide exposing broad snrfaces of mud, with acres of decomposing vegetable matter, has resulted in an unusual number of malarial cases among our inmates and employes. This fdling is being done by the Government, and it is to be hoped that Congress will provide for the speedy completion of wliat has been regarded as a very neces- sary sanitary work for Washington, but which has thus far proved for the hospital a most unsanitar^^ measure. The per cent of recoveries, hardly more than ojie-flfth of the whole number of discharges, including deaths, although a natural result of the conditions of the classes provided for, is well calculated to prevent any professional boasting of results. It is a noble work that hospitals do when they restore the reason and bring back the man. But it is no ignoble work when, incurable, they care for and protect him in his mental infirmity, making the most of what remains. In an asylum for soldiers who have given the best of their lives to their country this is for the most part what we have to do. To make that life, with its necessary limitations, as near as we can like the life outside with its occupations and diversions, but witbout its vices; this is what the best hospitals of to-day strive to accomplish. Hence these farms, gardens, and orchards, green lawns, and graded walks, books, musical instru- ments, and j)ictures, rides and excursions, dogs, poultry, and country surroundings that may seem homely, yet for them make it home. In this faith may we not expect the means to enable us to build farm cot- tages and plant working colonies on our new lands? For these broken mfnds life will then have the more in it, be the better worth living. ******* We have been sjjared from startling events; no serious trouble has arisen to interrupt our work ; fire and pestilence have not come nigh our dwelling; and with grateful hearts we commend the keeping of this great household to the Power that heedeth the si^arrow's fall, and its wants to a nation's charity that never faileth. We are, sir, very respectfully, J. M. Toner, President. W. W. GODDINGr, Secretary ex officio. Hon. Hoke Smith, Secretary of the Interior. ******* EEPOET OF THE APvCHITECT OF THE U. S. CAPITOL. Office of the Architect of the TJ. S. Capitol. WasJtington, J). C, July 1, 1S93. Sir : I have the honor most respectfully to present the following report in relation to the improvements and repairs made to the various works connected with this office during the last fiscal year, and to give a summary of the amounts expended therefor as disbursed by your department. 880 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Expendiiiirea for work at the Capitol and for general repairs thereof. Pay rolls, mechanics, laborers, etc $19,069.63 Labor uot on rolls, paid by voucher 574. 86 Machinery, iron, and metal work 1, 841. 71 Brushes, broQms, sponges, chamois, and soap 583. 64 Hauling and expressage 38. 89 Hardware 763. 50 Lumber and millwork 1, 335. 19 Steam litting and plumbing 962. 66 Bricks,, lime, sand, and cement 242. (iO Cooking range 196. 00 Fuel 143.65 Covering steam pipes 44. 40 Disinfectants 30. 00 Forage and harness 156. 60 Paints, oils, and glass 1, 814. 71 Covering fly doors 18. 63 Tin audcopper work 37. 75 Marble, tiles, and tiling 547. 49 Brass registers for floors 586. 95 Care and repair of clocks 100. 00 Silver and nickel plating 47. 50 Grates and grate bars 737.97 Books and stationery 138. 67 Total '. 30, 000. 00 Appropriated August 5, 1892 20, 000. 00 Appropriated March 3, 1893 10,000.00 30, 000. 00 Expenditures on account of the sanitary improvement, includinrj extension of Senate kitchen and coal vaults. Pay rolls, mechanics, laborers, etc $14, 891. 79 Labor not on rolls, paid by voucher 230.69 Material for gas, steam, water pipes, and fittings 1, 086. 58 Hardware and metal work 923. 74 Excavation 1, 350. 08 Lumber and millwork 412. 53 Tiles and tiling 1, 821. 99 Slate, granite, and marble work 193. 79 Granolithic pavement 283. 37 Plastering 365. 90 Bluestone 272. 58 Sodding material 53. 84 One disk fan 190.00 Lime, brick, sand, and cement 2, 500. 93 Caudles 2.5.60 Galvanized- iron work 125. 00 Expressage 58. 52 Advertising 12.83 Brass registers for Senate floors 81, 018. 78 Stationery and blue-print work 163. 95 Durham Ilouse Drainage Co., of New York 24, 570. 00 W. H. Quick, plumbing and marble Avork 15, 300. 00 H. I. Gregory, kitchen fixtures 1, 215. 00 Services: Waring, Chapman & Farquhai- 871. 30 George E. Waring, jr 1, 518. 47 F. W. Farqnhar.' 2, 106. .50 Balance unexpended 25, 932. 30 Total 97, 496. 06 Amount appropriated August 5, 1892 97, 496. 06 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 881 CAriTOL TERRACES. Pay rolls, meclianics, laborers, etc $^143. 39 Labor not on rolls, paid by vouchers 279. 38 Bricks, lime, sand, and cement 262. 05 Lumber and milhvork 300. 03 Marble and granite work 480. 05 Plumbing material and steam fitting 723. 99 Asphalt and granolithic pavement 314. 67 Paints, oils, and glass 422. 06 Copper work ". 238. 64 Hardware 133. 39 Blue-print work 9. 00 ExiHessage 5. 87 Balance unexpended July 1, 1893 '. 4, 855. 02 Total 8,468.04 Available July 1, 1892 468. 04 Appropriated August 5, 1892 8, 000. 00 8, 468. 04 CAPITOL GHOUXPS. Pay rolls, mechanics, laborers, etc $13, 329. 10 Labor not on rolls, paid by voucher 242. 81 Artilicial pavement , 831. 84 Hardware and ironwork 149. 77 Fuel, blacksmith shop 84. 15 Moving shelter house of Washington statue 70. 00 Gravel 15. 00 Hauling and expressage 2. 35 Lumber 2. 47 Plumbing material 22. 30 Agricultural implements, tools, etc 70. 81 Brooms, brushes, etc 84. 00 Paints and oils 13. 95 Fertilizers, seeds, etc 81.45 Total 15, 000. 00 Amount appi-opriated August 5, 1892 15, 000. 00 LIGIITIXG U. S. CAPITOL GROUNDS AXD BOTANIC GARDEN, Gas service $15, 706. 37 Pay rolls, lamplighters, gasfitters, etc 2, 681. 00 Chandeliers, lamps, and other material 1, 052. 03 Pay of attendants, electric-light plant 3, 276. 45 Rent of electric-light plant 874. 19 Extension of electric-light plant 349. 96 Total 24, 000. 00 Appropriated August 5, 1892 24, 000. CO SIEAM HEATING, SENATE WIXG. Automatic drafts and steam regulators $708. 75 Steam jiipes and steam valves 322. 55 Labor of machinist 71. 02 Exijressage 1. 38 Balance unexpended 1, 271. 30 Total 2, 375. 00 Appropriated Augnst 5, 1892 2, 375. 00 Ab. 93 5G 882 PAPERS ACCOMPAlSrYING THE ELKCTRTC-LIGHT PLANT, SENATE. Material for extending plant and repairs $757. 41 Balance unexpended 10, 215. 45 •Total 10,972.86 Available July 1/ 1893 10,972.86 Very respectfully, Edward Claek, Architect TJ. 8. Capitol. To the Hon. Secretary of the Interior. EEPORT OF THE SUrEEINTEIS^DENT OF THE HOT SPEIKGS RESERVATION. Hot Springs Reservation, Office of the Superintendent, Hot Springs, Arlc., Atigust 28, 1893. Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the opera- tions of this offlcefor the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893: My incumbency of this office only covers a period of one month, from June 1 to June 30, and my report can not, therefore, be as comprehen- sive as I would like to make it. The Government's interest at Hot Springs, over which the superin- tendent has control and supervision, are the four mountain reserva- tions, as follows: Acres. Hot Springs Mountain 264-93 North Mountain 224-74 Sugar Loaf Mountain 129-02 West Mountain 2«1 -94 Total 900-63 and the unsold Government lots, 156 in number, which are situated in different parts of the city. The four mountain reservations above mentioned comprise the " permanent reservation " at Hot Springs, Ark., and arc by act of Congress ai)proved June IG, 1880, "forever reserved from sale and dedicated to use as public parks." The hot springs, which are 71 in number, all issue from tlie west side and base of the Hot Springs Mountain, the temx)erature and elevation of which are shown by the following table: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Tal)le of springs upon the Hot Springs Mountain Reservation. 883 [Datnm of levels. — The lowest point on the Hot Springs Reservation, being on the east side where the Hot Springs Railroad enters the same, approximates 500 feet above the tide water of the Gujf.] No. Tempera- ture. Elevation. Character. No. Tempera- ture. Elevation. Character. o Feet. Feet. 1 77 91.4 Constant flow. 37 120 155-5 Constant flow. 2 76 98.7 Do. 38 128 90-2 Do. 3 124 98 Do. 39 125-5 92-2 Do. 4 124 98-3 Do. 40 112 92-3 Do. 5 80 115-6 Do. 41 157 113-5 Do. 6 103 115 171-6 172-2 Do. Do. 42 43 110-2 164-4 Do.* 7 iii'" Do. 8 121-5 122 177-5 179-6 Do. Do. 44 45 162-8 171-8 Do.* 9 iii'" Do. 10 121-5 105 182 -2 120 Do. Do. 46 47 109-8 176 -5 Do. t 11 " "iii'-s' Do. 12 111 117-5 Do. 48 91 178 -9 Do. 13 135-5 85-2 Do. 49 131 17(;-1 Do. 14 137 84-3 Do. 50 145 179-6 Do. 15 134 84-7 Do. 51 144 182 -8 Do. 16 101 135-8 Do. 52 142 178-3 Do. 17 .140 Scai)agao. Constant flow. 53 145-5 186-1 Do. 18 93'"" 158 -3 54 146 186-1 Do. 19 84 159 -3 Do. 55 122 92-7 Do. 20 83 162-8 Do. 66 133 95-3 Do. 21 106 107 Do. 57 128 100-2 Do. 22 122 125 118-2 1-23 -8 Do. Do. 58 59 101-9 102 Do t 23 iss"" Do. 24 113 127-7 Do. 60 134-5 112-9 Do. 25 111 127-7 Do. 61 133 186-1 Do. 26 106 127-9 Do. 62 109 186-3 Do. 27 127-5 i:JO -3 Do. 63 83 186-2 Do. 28 145 129-4 Do. 64 - 135 186-6 Do. 29 90 140-4 Do. 65 141 186-1 Do. 30 134-5 148-3 Do. 66 87 185-3 Do. 31 147 133-2 Do. 67 113 Intermittent. § Con.stant flow. 32 124 95-7 Do. 68 isi'" 85 33 140 89-8 Do. 69 83 89-7 Do. 34 120 91-8 Do. 70 89 89-4 Do. 35 135 91-8 Do. 71 94 89-3 Do. 36 110 90-4 Do. * Under big iron bath honse. \ TJnder bath house on hill. 1 Inaccessible, near Arsenic Spring. § In Arlington, yard. Flows after heavy rain; 1.340. FREE BATH HOUSE. This building was completed and opened to the public on February 23, 1891, and has since that time been in continuous use. The buildino- is constructed of brick, stone, and wood, with iron cor- nice and metal roof. The size of the main building is 45 by 60 feet, and contains the office, waiting rooms, dressing rooms, etc., on tlie first floor, while the second floor contains five rooms which were designed for, and are being used by, the manager and attendants. The bathing department is one story, 20 by 53 feet, and divided into two depart- ments, the one for men being larger, containing two pools 12i feet square, while the pools for women are but 7 by 12^ feet. The object in having two pools in each department is that one may be used for bath- ing while the other is being refilled. All the pools' are built of solid masonry and concreted, and are in fairly good condition. The con- crete floors in the sweating rooms are in bad condition, and need to be replaced with new floors of better worlvinanship. The building is heated by the hot-water system, the furnace being located in a snmll basement excavated for that purpose, which is damp and in bad condition. The lieating apparatus has never been com- pleted, no radiators ever having been furnished for the second story. Neither has the building ever been fitted for gas or electricity. 884 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Mncli inconvenience is caused by tlie want of a proper system of hot ■vrater and cooling tanks for tliis liouse, tlie present supply being entirely of liot water from one of tlie hottest springs with no means of tem'perjng it for immediate use. I therefore recommend that the engi- neer in charge of the improvements now being made on the reservation be instructed to i)rovide a proi)er system of tanks for the use of this bath house, the cost of which to be x)aid out of the fund ''For the pro- tection and improvement of Hot Springs Eeservation" other than that set aside for park improvements. RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. The Government's annual income from water and ground rents is as follows: Bath houses: Park Eastman Arlington... Alhanibra... Lamar Horse Shoe. . Magnesia ... Ghl Hale... Imperial Palace Ozark , Maurice Kockafcllow Tubs. Amount. 40 $1, 200 40 1,200 40 1,200 40 1,200 40 1,200 30 900 30 900 26 780 25 750 23 C90 oo 660 2] 630 20 600 Bath houses — Continued. Avenue Eammelsherg Superior New Hot Springs St. Joseph's lutii-mary. Sumpter Arlington Hotel ground rent.. New York Hotel Co., for extra ■water Total. Tuba. 20 18 10 16 4 4 475 Amount. $600 510 480 480 120 120 14, 250 2,500 30 16, 780 The regular expenditures, not including fuel and lights, are as fol- lows: Salaries, per anuiam: Superintendent $2, 500 Manager of free bath house 1, 020 Male attendant at free bath house 660 Female attendant at free bath house 360 Scavenger at free bath house 120 AVatcliman at pumping station 600 Policeman on reservation 480 AVaterman on reservation 480 Messenger at superintendent's office 180 Total 6,400 Making the total net income of the Government from Hot Springs, 610,380. There are four other leases granted by the Department on which no bath houses have yet been erected and no water supplied or water rent collected. When these become operative (if they should) the Gov- ernment's net income from Hot Springs would be about $12,500 a-nnuall}'. "JP TF IP ^ "7f W" HOT SPRINGS AS A HEALTH RESORT. With each j-ear that passes the fame of Hot Springs as a health resort spreads to the civilized nations of the earth, and with each suc- ceeding season come health-seekers from all climes and in all condi- REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 885 tions, many to find temporary liomes iu tlie palatial hotels wliicli liave been erected here in the last few years, while the less fortunate will seek accommodations all the way down to a $4-a week boarding-house. It is to be regretted that the impression has gone abroad that Hot Springs is a season resort, and that from January to May is the most auspicious time for using the baths. While there is nothing to dis- prove that these mouths are not as good as are the other months of the year for bathing, still the other months are just as good as these, and some of them better, on account of the more favorable and settled weather. There can be no more beautiful weather found anywhere than can be found here from September to December, or no more favor- able time for bathing. The hotel accommodations in Hot Si)rings have been greatly increased and improved, until now they probably surpass any other health resort in the country. The city is now through the early stages of its infancy, and has acquired most of the modern improvements. Its government is intelli- gently administered, and there is perhaps no city in the country where better order is preserved or where better police regulations exist than in Hot Springs. PUBLIC improvemi;nts. The superintendent, being advised that the engineer, Lieut. Eobt. R. Stevens, iu charge of the improvements being made on the Hot Springs Eeservation, will report directly to the Department, does not feel it his duty to mention any of the matters of improvements, except to say that the work seems to be progressing satisfactorily, and that some very substantial and handsome improvements are being made. He therefore does not at this time make any recommendations as to public improvements further than the necessary repairs on the public build- ings under his charge, which have been mentioned before in this report. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, Wm. J. Little, Superintendent. The Secretary op the Interior, Washington, D. G. REPOET OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Department of the Interior, Office of Superintendent of Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth Hot S^^rings, Wyo., July 27, 1S03. Sir : Complying with your request of the 18th instant, I respectfully submit the following report of operations and events iu the Yellow- stone National Park during the past year: The tourist season experienced the usual vicissitudes. Following closely on the date of my last report came a substantial increase iu travel, and the month of August, 1892, showed a larger volume than any preceding month. September opened well, but cold weather com- ing about the middle of the mouth kept tourists back, and the last ten days of the season travel was very slight. 886 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE During tlie winter more snow fell tlian usual. On June 1st I started tlirouii:li the Park aliead of the first load of regular visitors. The road was fairly good to the Upper Basin via the Fountain; it was absolutely impassable over the divide toward the Thumb. I made an effort to rea(;li the canyon via Norris, but was obliged to turn back on the even- ing of June 3, when I was within 3 miles of the hotel. At that time the snow averaged 3 feet deep over 8 miles of this road, and a repair party had been shoveling on it for three days. The first vehicle got to the canyon on the evening of June 4, and soon after- wards the hotel at that place was stocked and opened. A few days later the lake was reached, and that hotel was opened, but travel to it remained light until the way was cleared for the circuit via the Thumb. Early in June I instructed Capt. Scott, then in his camp at Lower Basin, to use every effort to open the road across the divide. He made sev- eral unsuccessful attempts, but finally, about June 20, he sent me word that he had been able to reach the lake with a working party and a heavy wagon. I immediately started out, and was the first to pass over the road in a light vehicle, on June 25. The next day the road was formallj^ oj)ened for stage travel, and has been in use ever since. I recall to your honor that snow Avas still found on the roadside on July 20, when you j)assed over it. Notwithstanding an unusual fall of snow and a consequent late sea- son, the travel for June was far better than ever before in that mouth. Doubtless the World's Fair has much to do with this, for the hotel reg- isters show a large majority of foreigners from every quarter of the globe. I am sorry to have to report a very great falling off for this month. There are several large excursions due in August, which will, I hope, restore the previous high average. In looking back over past rei)orts and records I find that July has always been disapiiointing. Perhaps the financial situation of the country has somewhat to do with the falling off this year. The regular travel last year amounted to 3,G45. This, however, is independent of camx)iug parties, of which no record is kept. With more general information about the beauties and wonders to be seen here the number of tourists should multii^ly manj- fold. In German}^ the pupils of the common schools are taught of this Park, and the result is abundantly shown in the large number of Germans who annually visit it. Perhaps a wide distribution of some public document, giving a popular description of the Park and its wonders, would have the same effect in this country. I recommend the preparation a,nd publication of such a pamphlet. LEASES IN THE PARK. The question of leases and franchises in the Park has come forward very ])rominently within the past year. The Yellowstone Park Asso- ciation has reduced its plant somewhat, and now has hotels at four I)oints only, viz: Mammoth Hot Springs, Fountain, Lake, and Canyon; and lunch stations at jSTorris, Upper Basin, and the Thumb. Under the present law the association may only hold 10 acres of land under lease. This nuich it already has, so it could not, if it would, extend its accommodations. The benefits to the traveling public of a series of hotels under the same management must be apparent to all. No monopoly is created, for it can ]iot be called monopoly when every charge is regulated by your Department. There is need of a hotel at Norris; perhai)S one with 20 or 30 rooms, with amx)le kitchen and REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 887 dining-room space, Tvould answer for tlie immediate future. The old hotel at Ux)i)er Basin is this year used as a luuch station only. All tourists iKive to return for the night to the Fountain, and on tlie fol- lowing morning make their third trip over this 10 miles. The obvious remedy is a good hotel at the Upper Basin, and this should be pro- vided for without delay. The site of the i^resent hotel is incomparably the best in the wbole Basin, but unfortunately it is within the legal limit of " Old Faithful." When the law was passed prohibiting the erection of any hotel within one-fourth of a mile of any geyser or other object of interest, it was the fear of Congress that people or corporations would obtain proprie- tary rights within the park and charge visitors for the privilege of view- ing its wonders. The x^rogress of time has removed all that fear, and the law might well be repealed in general, or at least for this spot in particular. I also recommend the repeal of the law prohibiting leases for more than 10 acres to a single corporation. With these changes I should hope for an increase of accommodations that would add greatly to the pleasure and comfort of tourists. The leases of the Yellowstone Park Association already cover all the ground to which they are legally entitled. The cottage hotel at this place is under their management, but not on their lease. It has been well managed and serves a most useful purpose. The association should in some way be confirmed in its rights thereto. A lease for the site at the Fountain should be made out and delivered to it. I recommend proceedings in condemnation, with a view to obtaining possession, for the Government of the two frame cottages near the mouth of Kez Perce Creek. They are much needed for the shelter of the troops stationed at that point each summer. The old barn and stable on the south side of the plateau, facing the hotel at this place, should be removed and placed at the foot of the bluft" back of the hotel, as should also the old blacksmith shoj) and other old buildings near it. As at present situated they form a very unlovely foreground to an otherwise beautilnl view. The old barn back of the cottage hotels with its surroundings is most unsightly. A slight expenditure for renova- tion would greatly add to its appearance. The Transportation Com- pany has under lease all the ground to which it is legally entitled. Like the Park xVssociation it has need of more, and this I hope may be granted. The company has leases and rights within the park which are accompanied by corresponding obligations. Their lease requires them to keep transportation in full quantity, and at all times, for all the park travel. They are required to keep all material of first quality; horses gentle and well broken; drivers sober, courteous, and capable. It would seem that under these circumstances they should be protected in their rights to the most of the iiark travel. I have had before me applications by the score for permits to carry on transportation business within the park. I am well acquainted with many of these applicants, and others I know by repute. Several of them have regular ''runners" at Livingston and on the trains between there and Cinnabar, who make false promises about what theif own line will do for tourists and tiilse statements about vrhat the reg- ular line does do. The result is that at the present time they are get- ting a large percentage of the travel, and giving, as a rule, very poor serv- ice. I very often hear complaints on this score, but up to the present time I have been poMerless to help it. Everyone who has traveled knows what a nuisance the hackman becomes about a depot or land- ing. These on the x)ark border are no exception to the rule. They do 888 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE not carry any forage; their teams must either make the trip on what little grass they can gather during the night, or they get their grain by collusion with soldiers or employes within the park, • There are, of course, people of limited means who wish to make a tour of the park cheaply, and others who prefer to make a camping tour. I see no objection to allowing one or two approved parties to carry on this kind of business ; but 1 recommend that licenses be refused all others, or that they be placed under such careful and close super- vision as will abate the present nuisance. There is no municipality that docs not license and arbitrarily supervise its cab service, and such snpejvision is doubly necessary at this place. The leases of Mr. F. Jay EEaynes and Mr. John Yancy will soon expire. Mr. Haynes has few equals as a photographer in this country. He has improved and beautified his grounds here, and has conducted his busi- ness very satisfactorily. I have reconunended that his lease be extended. There is also satisfactory reason for approving the extension to Mr. Yancy. He keeps a very primitive kind of a place, but it gives the necessary accommodations to the fishing parties that go there, as well as to travelers on the Cooke City road. When the projected road over Mount Washburn is completed, a hotel near Tower Falls will be needed ; but that should be independent of and different in character from the one now kept by Mr. Yancy. I have recently approved the application of Mr. French for lease of certain parcels of land here, at Yancy's, and at Soda Batte. These are of no benefit to the park or to park travel, but are only of use in con- nection with his contract to carry the mail to Cooke City. Should any- thing cause the mail route to be abandoned, these leases should all be canceled. Right to keep a small store, with such articles as are gener- ally needed by tourists, should be granted. Such a store, with very limited stock, is now satisfcTctorily conducted by the postmaster, Mrs. George Ash. There has been no change in regard to the boat com- pany's leases, and none is recommended. I think, however, that authority might be granted to some one to maintain one or more naph- tha launches on the lake. It seems to me that there should be some profit in the venture. Applications for a few other minor i)ermits have been sent you with my approval. BOUNDARY LINES OF THE PARK. After an existence of more than twenty-one years the boundaries of the park still remain unmarked. I have submitted for the considera- tion of the Department a question concerning the northern boundary. There is a question as yet undecided relative to the westerji boundary. Once these are finally settled the work of actually locating and plainly marli^ing the entire line shoidd be prosecuted with vigor. The timber reservation on tlie east and south of the park has been placed under the "same rules and regulations as obtain within the park;" in fact, it has become a part of the park. A contract has been let for a survey •of the lines of this addition. No work more useful lor the protection of the park has yet been undertaken. 1 hope another season will see the north and east lines carefnlly run and marked, and the greatest obstacle to the control and protection of the park thus eliminated. There are those who wish to cut off portions of the i)ark whenever selfish or mercenary interests ask it. As now constituted, including the timber reserve, it is devoted to the pleasure, the instruction, and the benefit of the whole people. The slightest encroachment uj)ou its REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 889 limits but opens tlie door to further dismemberment. I am positively opposed to all of these schemes, and particularly to the one known as the "segregation" bill, which proposes to hand over to the hundred or less inhabitants of Cooke City the most valuable section in the north l^art of the park. I still adhere to the remarks on this subject in my report for the last year, to which I invite your attention. Koniore visionary scheme was ever conceived than that of running a raih^oad from Cinnabar to Cooke City for the poor mineral prosi^ect that exists there. Tlie "promoters" of this scheme say that the mineral wealth of the district "is generally conceded," but no mining expert of reputation and character has ever reported otherwise than against it. The sworn testimony of T. F. Oakes, president of the Northern Pacific Eailroad, on page 226, House Eeport No. 195G, first session Fifty-second Congress, says : " There is nothing in Cooke City mines, and we don't want a rail- road there;" and further, that it would not be profitable to build a load there, and that he " did not want it." If such a concession is ever niade I trust it will be coupled with a condition that no part of the land shall be given over to other than railroad uses, and that it shall revert to the park if the road is not completed within two j'ears at the furthest. When the contractor for the survey of the timber reserve reaches here I purpose going with him to the initial i)oint of his survey, " the east- ernmost point of Yellowstone Lake." I shall also go, if lu'acticable, to the jioint 10 miles east of there, where he begins his boundary line. These points I desire should be well monumented, as it is not likely that any future dismemberment of the park will change them. PROTECTION OF FORESTS. After two summers of remarkably good fortune in dealing with forest fires I have this year to" report a most disastrous one. During the month of June the rainfall was but 0-38 inch, which is less than ever before recorded. In July, thus far, there has been practically no rain. The result is, all vegetation is dead and drj- and ready for a conflagration on the slightest exjiosure. On July 10, about 1 :20 -p. m., I had a tel- egram from the corporal stationed at Norris, saying a fire had started there and he needed a half dozen men to help extinguish it. Lieut. Nance was at drill with the troop. I immediately stopped drill, and in less than half an hour a_ sergeant and men were en route to the scene. Just as they left the post I received a supplementary telegram saying the fire was beyond control. I then ordered the balance of the troop to start at once, and ordered Capt. Scott down from the Lower Basin with his troop. All the available men of both troops have been watching and fighting this fire for more than two weeks night and day. It is, I l3elieve, under control, and unless the wind should bring it up anew, I hope to be able to withdraw the soldiers in a day or two. Capt. Scott and Lieut. Nance, with their men, deserve hearty thanks for energy and perseverance in fighting against it. How it started is not definitely known. It occurred on the roadside, about half a mile north of the Norris station. Capt. Scott, wlio has investigated the mat- ter, believes it originated with the party building the new road at that point. The party had left work and gone to their dinner when the fire was discovered in the place they were last working. It is possible, how- ever, that it originated in a cigar carelessly thrown from a coach by a passing tourist. Unless rains soon come there is grave danger of a repetition of the case, and should more than one fire rage at a time, it 890 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE would be impossible to control tliem, and the entire park would be liable to destruction. It has been reported to me that men have been beard to say tbat they would burn over the entire park in return for my opposition to the segregation scheme. I know there are men in the country of just such character, yet I have small fear that they will actually carry out their threats. The country recently burned over is very irregular in outline, and extends northeast from the !Norris station about 7 miles, and in places is 2 miles or more in width. There have been other fires started, but all were extinguished before serious damage occurred. This experience has taught me the necessity of strictly enforcing the penalty of exx)ul- sion against everyone who fails to absolutely extinguish his fires. OUTPOSTS. The system of outposts is the same as last year, with slight addition of force at some of them. I am sorry to say that i^oaching has gone on in spite of them, but I have no doubt they have done much good. My great trouble is to get noncommissioned officers to put in charge of them who are able and disposed to cope Avith the class of men who form the i)()aching i^opulation. A few very well-known transgressors living near the south and west boundaries need close watching. I need at least two more scouts for this purpose, and a trip to that country by a special agent of the Department, sent out for the i^urpose, would be productive of great good. MILITAKY QUARTERS. Since my last report the only change in the military quarters here is the erection of a hospital, which is now approaching completion. Troop D, Sixth Cavalry, was retained during the winter and contributed much toward the efficient protection of the i^ark. I renew my suggestion that barracks, mess room, and stables be erected, and that the garrison be increased by the addition of a company of infantry. I have already made application for this to the War Department, and I hope your influence will be exerted to accomplish the end. ROADS. Of the roads I can say but little, as I have no voice in their construc- tion or maintenance. Late last autumn about a mile of new road was begun immediately to the north of ISI^orris. I think this road will soon be comi)leted. A road was laid out and begun which passed for a short distance down the Gibbon Eiver, and thus avoided the Canyon Creek hill. It will be a great improvement on the old road, and I hope will soon be taken up again and pushed to completion. Nothing of importance has been done on it yet this year. Some small repairs have been put on the road between the Upper Basin and the Thumb, but the important part, the causeway along the lake, is as yet untouched. The new road is being cleared of timber from the Thumb toward Lewis Lake, and I i^resume will soon be in condition to be driven over, altliough still far from being a good road. In the present very meager REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 891 state of tlie appropriations I do not think anything more shouhl be done to it for the present. About half a mile of very beautiful road was located and begun last fall, i^assiug by the brink of the Upper Falls. It is now being prose- cuted slowly, and I presume will be open to travel by the close of the season. Lieut. Chitteiiden promised last" October that it should be completed last June, but some unfortunate changes have operated to delay it. A third of a mile of driveway has also been opened near the Grand Canyon at Inspiration Point. These, I believe, comprise about all theimi)rovements made from last year's appropriation. At the opening of the season this year we were again confronted with a lack of funds for road repairs. This is one of the great evils of leaving the distribution of the money to one who resides so far from the work. The officer now in charge of road work has made, officially, a slighting remark about the "engineering experience" and "business methods essential to the economical and efficient expenditure of large sums of money." In face of all this I prefer to still remain the " police " officer, but to have some little say as to the direction in which the money shall be expended. A more leisurely reading of my last annual report would have shown that this is all I theii asked for. The unfor- tunate relief of Lieut. Chittenden last spring has been a most serious blow to road-building here. He was greatly interested in his work, tireless in his attentions to it, and ably equipped for it. I renew the recommendation that the acting superintendent of the park be given the control of the work, and that an officer of the Cor]:>s of Engineers be detailed to report to him to sui^erintend it, make the detailed i^lans, and disburse the appropriations. The benefits that would result are too api)arent to need exi)lanation. HOTELS. The hotels are again managed by Mr. J. H. Dean, who has proved himself thoroughly fitted for the position. Considering the distance they are from the markets and the distance many of them are from the railroad, I regard them as excellent. The rates at all are fixed by the Department at $4 per day. After six days this rate is made 83 by the hotel management, with a view of inducing people to remain longer than the time necessary for the straight tour. But few take advantage of this reduction, as people generally arrive with their plans made for a trip of definite duration, and find it difficult to change these plans after they get here. The rooms are clean and conjfortable, and the fare, though plain, is very good. The prices are lower than obtain in any of the first-class summer resorts of the country, and I see no rea- son why a "stay in the park," rather than a "tour of the park," should not be the rule. There is certainly much to interest and instruct the visitor at every one of its hotels. TRAIN'SPORTATION. The company of which Mr. S. S. Huntley is manager still has the lease for transportation privileges. Notwithstanding this fact outside parties by their system of "runners," giving false information and bad advice, secure a large share of the travel. The regular company has remarkably fine transportation. Their horses are well fed, well broken and safe, and vehicles and harness are excellent and well kept. Drivers as a rule are competent, courteous, and sober. So long as this company 892 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE is required to liave an abimdaiice of transportation of this kind for all the traTcl they should be protected in their rights to it. As stated pre- Aiously, it can not be regarded as a monopoly when prices and condi- tions are arbitrarily imposed by the Department. The vexed question of stop-over iirivileges has been quite satisfactorily arranged by the stages starting out for ther trip with a certain percentage of vacant seats, ready to pick up any passengers who may have remained behind on a previous tour. This has much reduced the complaints heretofore prevalent on this point. A tourist now has simjily to notify the com- pany of the day on which he wants to go forward, and a seat is provided - for him. A good many people continue to reach the park via Beaver Canyon, on the Utah Northern Eailroad (Union Pacific). Transportation on this route is furnished mainly by the Bassett Bro. They hold no leases within the park, nor have they, as I am aware, any authority under which their business is carried on. It is best for all interested that someone should hold a regular lease for transi^ortation from that point to and through the park; that he be required to have the same class of transportation as the regular company now has, and that he be protected in his efforts to maintain a high standard by having an exclusive right, with prices adjusted by the Department to a moderate rate of profit. To many the most enjoj'iible way of seeing the park is with a camping party. Othei'S can not afford to see it in any other way. Hence well-equipped and org^anized cami)iug transportation is a neces- sity. Mr. Wylie has established such a line, and advertises regular excursions with fixed dates of start and return. To this part of his business I see no jwssible objection. He has, however, made applica- tion for leases to plots of ground in various parts of the park whereon to establish permanent camps. The great objection to granting these leases is the fact that a permanent camp is only a step removed from a shanty or a "shack," and it would be a desecration of the park to allow such to spring up. Furthermore, we should recognize the right of those who come with their own transportation to use any unoccupied bit of ground for their camps. I have recently posted a notice requiring camping parties to thor- oughly police their camp grounds before leaving, but it has not bef n satisfactorily observed as yet. Psrhaps a few expulsions for nonob- servance will act as a stimidus. BOAT ON THE LAKE. Tlie steamer continues to be satisfactorily run, and is greatly enjoyed by all tourists who make the trip on it. Tliere are complaints that an extra fare is charged for the ride, but j^eople who do not care to pay it have the option of going to the Lake Hotel from the Thumb in the reg- idar coaches without extra price. If the amount of travel on the boat would warrant a reduction of fare, and the transportation company could make a small refund to those who used the boat, I believe all cause of complaint would be removed. The boat company keeps small boats and fishing tackle enough to accommodate all who wish to make use of them to enjoy the unequaled sport on the lake. The addition of one or more launches would be a convenience, and probably prove remunerative. ELEVATOR AT THE CANYON. Mr. D. B. May has renewed his a])plication for leave to place an incline or elevator in the canyon, enabling people to make a descent REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 893 to the bottom near the foot of the lower falls. To this project I am very strongly opposed. The elevator will be au unsightly objectagainst the beautiful walls of the canyon, will land its passengers where they can not get an extended view in any direction, and in my opinion will not prove a profitable venture. On inquiry I find more tourists who would not go down it if paid to do so than I find willing to pay for the trip. TOURISTS. Last year all names written or scratched on the beautiful geyser for- mations were erased. That made it possible to detect any new ones and to apply needed discipline to the perpetrators of this foolish vanity. Several parties were arrested and sent back to erase their names, and the influence of these examples was excellent. It is worthy of note that a great majority of the names thus written are in a hand exhibiting lack of familiarity with writing imj)lements. Specimen hunters also continue their vandalism, but with the careful watch kept by the soldier guards about the formations this trouble is kept at a minimum. After the close of the Upper Basin Hotel last October someone — probably one of the help from the hotel, or one of the drivers who brought them oat — broke, a piece from the beautiful edge of the " Sponge geyser." I made every effort to discover the perpetrators, but without success. A remedy I should apply in future would be to prohibit any of these parties from ever again taking service within the Park. Camx)ing parties continue to leave their fires unextinguished, and for this, under a wise regulation, they are expelled fi^om the Park. Several cases of the kind have occurred this year, and I have rigidly exacted the penalty. I find tourists who complain, sometimes with reason, but oftener without a show of it. As an exami^le of the latter class I cite a case that has just occurred. A man came through on a pass covering rail- road and stage transportation and hotel bills. This was given him, I understand, because he was td write up the Park for some paper with which he was connected. At the lake he wandered off to fish, and when his stage was ready he was nowhere to be found. After a wait and a search the stage drove to the canyon without him, but did take his baggage. He hired a conveyance for 82.50 from outside parties to take him to the canyon, and then demanded that this money be repaid him by the regular transportation company. I doubt if any other case has occurred quite as illustrative as this one. I have also to note that sinCe this report was begun I have discov- ered a way of "scalping" Park tickets. A man buys a. ticket for the tour at $G0 from Livingston. One of the proprietors of outside trans- portation meets him and oflers to take him through with a camping party and accepts the ticket for pay. The ticket is then held by the man who takes it up until he finds a party who declines to go through with him. To this man he offers the regular ticket for $50. The result of this is that the "scalper" gets §50 for taking a man through with a camping outfit, and has a double chance at tourists. I have forbidden all persons caught at this work doing any further business within the Park. The regulation promulgated last January, forbidding firearms being- carried in the Park without the written i)ermission of the acting super- intendent, has been productive of much good, and its beneficial effects will increase as time goes on. Its execution adds much to the work of 894 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE tliis office and of the outposts, but the result is worth the trouble. Some parties manage to escape detection until their tour is nearly or quite com])leted, but a room full of surrendered arms is testimony to the fairly efficient execution of the rule. Last summer Lieut'. Chittenden collected some very interesting statistics which should come to your attention and receive publicity. To get an accurate expression of opinion, he took from the hotel register each day the name of one tourist at random, except that he never took one whom he knew personally. He thus got people from all parts of the country, from all stations in life, and of all occupations. On October 22 he addressed to these people the three following ques- tions: First, What was the principal drawback to the enjoyment of your tour of the Park? Second. From the experience of your own tour would you advise your friends to visit the Park? Tliird. Assuming that there were a complete system of thoroughly macadamized or graveled roads, so constructed as to largely eliminate the mud aud dust nuisance, and on which there would be no hills so steep that teams could not ascend them at a trot, and assuming, also, that there were a well-eqnipiied electric railway covering substantially the same route, by which method would you prefer to make the toiir of tlie Park — by coach or car? Everybody took the greatest interest in giving full answers, and often went to some length to emphasize their disapproval of any scheme to put railroads of any kind in the Park. In nearly every letter other members of the party took occasion to add their views, so Lieut. Chit- tenden got a good many more answers than he sent letters. About thirty letters never found their destination and were returned. The following is the vote : First question, drawbacks : Eoads, 91 ; hotels, 26 (Upper Basin and Norris com- plained of); transportation, IT; mosquitos and flies, 17; weather, 2; watei", 2; steam- boat charges, 2; no gtiides, 1; geysers failed, 1; no drawback, 24; no answer, 4. Second question, advice as to visiting Park: Yes, 135; no, 2; no answer, 4. Third question, coach or car: Coach, 145; car, 25. A great many, however, said that they voted for the coach only on the condition of having roads as specified. With a majority of G to 1 against it, I believe the project for an electric road very undesirable. FISH. During the season fish are taken in the lakes and rivers in numbers almost passing belief. I would question the propriety of permitting the sport to go uncheckeossible. In Idaho it is much tlie same. In Wyoming the law is more strictly enforced, and arrests and convictions frequently occur. A stringent law, with severe penalties, is one of the most urgent needs of the park. In this immense area, surrounded by a very rough and densely timbered country, it is impossible to give our large game the protection that it should have. VVith the addition of two men as scouts and an occa- sional trip about the park boixlers by a special agent of the Department much good could be accomi)]islied. Nothing but a law with severe penalties will entirely break up the evil. Confiscation of the outfit, under existing regulations, has but little eflect, as the outfit is gen- erally worthless. Bears are being trapjoed near all the boundaries. Beaver are still being trapped in all parts of the park. Parties come into the park in the spring on the pretense that they are seeking work on the roads or looking for team work. During the long wait involved they devote their time to trapping the fur-bearing animals, and it is almost impos- sible to catch them at it. I suggest as a remedy that no one, except those having leases or contracts in the park, be allowed to camp in one place for more than two days. Of course exceptions could be made in cases of well-proven netcssity. I have pretty reliable infor- mation that about a dozen buffalo were killed last winter, and it is not improbable that even more shared that fate. The heads of those were mounted by taxidermists in Livingston and Bozemau, notwithstand- ing the law that declares the possession of such parts prima facie evidence that the i)ossessor killed the animals within the State. It would be a great assistance to me in the preservation of the ganie if some authorized i^erson would begin prosecution of these dealers. 896 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE Conviction probably would not be liad, but tbe annoyance to them and the publicity of the cases would have good effect. GAME. Buffalo. — The buffalo have been seen often during the year, and they appear to be doing well. In all the herds a fair proportion of calves is found. Those killed have been mostly bulls, so the capacity of the herds for increase has not been diminished. Late in June a herd of 50 to GO crossed the road from west to east near the Eiverside Geyser, Thirteen calves were counted. They were very tame, and not the least scared by the soldiers who went among them. The estimate of 400 placed on their number last year is surely not too high. Moose. — Within the past j^ar a good many moose have been seen near the outpost on Snake Eiver. In June a band of 7, with 3 calves, was seen in that vicinity, and others liavebeeu seen all along the south line. The establishment of that station has done much to protect them. Mountain sJieej). — These animals are found in several parts of the park, but the most of them are near the north line. A fine bunch winters each year on Mount Everts, not more than 2 miles from this point. I saw them several times last winter, and one day in February I drove within 75 yards of about a dozen, and they paid not the slight- est attention to me. Segregation would result in the destruction of the herd in the northeast corner of the park, which is probably the largest one anywhere remaining. iJUx. — For some reason the elk did not winter in the Hayden Valley in the same numbers as formerly. There were abundant signs of them in the autumn, and they reappeared again in the spring. Perhaps many of them staid in the open valley of the Pelican. The usual large herd wintered in the valley of the East Fork, between Yancys and Soda Butte. I still believe that there are 25,000 in the i)ark. While fighting the fire at Norris a few days ago the men saw a herd of about eighty with a large number of calves. Bears. — The bears do not appear so numerous this year as formerly, although they are constantly being seen near the hotels. It is quite probable that the camping jjarties to which I have referred have trapped some of them out. Antelope. — A herd of about 400 or 500 wintered on Mount Everts and became very tame. They often approached the town of Gardiner to within a few hundred yards. There were one or two smaller herds in other parts of the park. Beer. — This sinking I saw more deer than usual, and they are very tame. They are doubtless increasing rapidlj". Beaver signs are multiplying, and over large areas they receive fair IH'otection. A beaver trap is so easy to set and so difficult for one not knowing its whereabouts to find that complete protection is impossi- ble. The skins have become so valuable as to make this industry very remunerative. AVolverines, badgers, porcupines, otters, and other animals are increasing rapidly and are often very tame. Ducks and geese breed in the park in great numbers, and are not scared by the near approach of travelers. CAPTURE OF ANI3IALS. The animals mentioned in my last report, with several others col- lected later, were sent to the National Zoological Park in Wash- I REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 897 ingtou last JSTovember. I now liave awaiting shijiment 4 elk, 1 deer, 3 beavers, 1 badger, and 1 porcupine, besides a cage of smaller animals. During tlie season I hope to secure enough to quite fill a car. It would be a matter of great interest to tourists if I had the funds with which to erect an inclosure and put into it some specimens of the game animals here native. Some provision would have to be made for feeding them in the winter, but the expense would be very- small. Elk, deer, and buffalo could easily be secured, and probably antelope, moose, and mountain sheep. RECOMMENDATIONS. Eirst. The passage of an act definiug the boundaries as recom- mended last year. Second. The enactment of a law giving the park a system of gov- ernment. Third. Complete the survey and the marking of the boundary lines. Fourth. Transfer to the superintendent the disposal of the funds for road work. Fifth. Liberal appropriations with which to complete the road sys- tem as apx^roved. Sixth. Api)ropriations for clearing out dead timber, collecting and keeping wild animals, and in general for all means of i)reserviug, pro- tecting, and beautifying the park. Seventh. Provide accommodations for a company of infantry to be made a i)art of the j)ermanent garrison here. These recommendations are for the most part a repetition of those made last year. My estimate of their importance leads me to again call your attention to them. I anticipate much benefit to the park from your recent tour of it. I extend my thanks to Capt. Scott, Sixth Cavalry, for the deep interest manifested by him in all that concerns the park, and for his constant and tireless labors for "its protection. Yours, very respectfully, Geo. S. Anderson, Captain, Sixth Cavalry, Acting Superintendent Telloivstone National Parle, The Secretary of the Interior. EEFOET OF ACTINO SUPEEINTENDENT OF THE SEQUOIA AND GENERAL GRANT NATIONAL PARKS. Camp at Mineral King, Tulare County, Cal., August 2G, 1893. Sir : Agreeably to your request under date of the 18th of July, I have the honor to submit tlxe following report of operations in the Sequoia and General Grant national parks since I assumed control. I was informed by letter from the Department of the Interior of April 20 that I had been designated as acting superintendent of the Sequoia and General Grant national parks. On June G, in compliance Ab. 93 57 898 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE -with Special Orders N"o. 44, Headquarters Department of California, I started for my post of duty, being in command of Troop B, Fourth. Cavalry, comprising 2 officers, 50 nien, 2 packers, 2 teamsters, and a comi)lement of wag'ons and pack mules. On June 20, after a march of 280 miles, I arrived at Three Eivers, Tulare County, Cal., when I took charge of the i)ark. The season was very late in the Sequoia Park. The heavy snows of the 1) receding winter still lay on the mountains, and the numerous swill streams were difficult, and in many cases imj)ossible, to cross. The road to Mineral King was blocked with snow, the Hockett Meadow country was covered, and access to the Giant Forest and the northern loart of the park was difficult if not impossible. "While for some weeks this prevented patrolling by the troops in the higher levels of the park, it largely did away with the necessity for such i)atrolling, since it also made it certain that no intrusions by sheep and cattle had taken place. Grant Park, however, was open, and a detachment of 3 men, under Sergt. Wilson, vras sent to occupy it on June 2G. Before detailing farther operations a short description of the parks would not be out of jilace, and is necessary to supplement the explana- tions of the peculiar features of the region given by my predecessor. Sequoia Park is a tract 24 miles long by from 6 to 12 miles broad. A glance at the map accompanying will show that it is shaped like a letter 2. It consists of 7 townships, each 6 miles square. Four of these townshii)S form the uj^per branch of the 2 ^ townships the lower branch, and, 1 tow^nship the connecting branch. The center of the park is narrowest, being but G miles across. Generally spealdng, the Sequoia Park may be said to be composed of three great mountain masses, each totally distinct from the others, and to all intents and inirposes inaccessible from the others excei)tby mak- ing a long detour outside the i>ark. These are, first, the portion south of the canyon of the East Fork, or the Hockett Meadow country; sec- ond, the portion between the canyon of the East Fork and of the Mid- dle Fork, or the Castle Eocks country; third, the portion north of the canyon of the Middle Fork, or the North district. Trails there are, indeed, i)assing from one to the other of these divi- sions inside the park, but trails hardly worthy of that designation, so steep are they, overgrown by bushes and tenacious undergrowth, rocky, dangerous to life and limb, and difficult and tedious to traverse. These trails formerlj^ were beaten down and kept open by cattle, but since the ex<}lusion of cattle from the park they are difficult to find, washed out, overgrown, and rapidly becoming totally impassable. Looking at these iieculiarities in the conformation of the park, its pecnh'ar shape, taking in sections of territory entirely sei^arate, distinct, and inaccessible one from the other, it is difficult to understand why the park was laid out in this fashion and for what x>urpose. Another j)eculiarity : No place exists within the confines of the i)ark where it is practicable to obtain a fair eamp for troops accessible by wagons. The only practicable wagon road which reaches the park runs through t^ie canyon of the East Fork on steep side slopes all the way, and the remarkable spectacle is afforded of the troops detailed to guard the park being obliged to establish their main cami) on land outside the park, land which is sometimes owned by private parties and which is occupied by the troops at their will and jilcasure. It is easy to see how these i)eculiarities increase enormously the dif- ficulties of patrolling and guarding the park. The main, or supx)ly, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 899 camp must be establislied on a wagon road, since it is by wagons alone that the great quantities of forage and rations necessary can be deliv- ered at the camp, the energies of the small force of pack animals being sufficiently taxed in distributing sui^plies thence to tlie outi^osts. This main camj) must be either at or near Three Elvers or near Mine- ral King, either on the east side or the west side of the park. A detachinent is necessary to guard Grant Park, another to guard the northern district, another to guard thci southern district. These out- I)osts, at from two to four days' march from the main camp, are reached by difi>cult trails and supplied by the pack trains. A troop of 50 men, detailed to guard the park, must thus be divided into one large detach- ment and three or four small oneSj about one-half of the troop being thus detached. THE GIANT FOREST ROAD. These difiiculties of guarding the park could be greatly decreased by the establishment of a road to the Giant Forest. Such a road would make it possible to have the main camp there. It is not oidy a central point, and a most desirable place for a camp, but it would insure the protection and preservation of tliat one great curiosity of the park. The Giant Forest is probably the most magnificent body of timber in the world. It occupies an area of about 3 miles square, on an elevated plateau east of the Marble Fork. It is a continuous, dense forest of splendid trees, mainly redwood and sugar pine; nearly all these trees towering 300 feet or more above the ground, dwarfing by their majesty even the hills they stand upon. The giant sequoia here attains its finest g:rowth and greatest dimensions, and one experiences a sense of mingled awe and amazement, standing beside these tremendous trunks, 15 to 25 feet in diameter, to gaze uj) the long shaft to wliere, higher than the highest church steeples, the first branches leave the trunk, and higher yet to where the delicate tracery of the leaves seem to i)ierce the very heavens. This is the great point of interest of the Secpioia Park. To preserve this beautiful creation, this remarkable natural curiosity, to keex) it intact for the pleasure and profit of its citizens, the Government established this park, this X)lace of resort, for the word "park" admits of no other definition. That was well enough in its way, but having protected this natural curiosity, some way should now be provided to reach it. Not only is this not at present the case, but owing to the neglect of the Government the Giant Forest is not nearly as accessible as formerly. The Government has allowed the wagon road, whichformerlyledtoapointOmilesfrom the forest, to go to ruin, so that now it is impossible to get with a wagon to a r)oint nearer than 19 miles distant, the 10 miles of this road intervening being so washed out as to be scarcely j)assable for pack mules. So inaccessible is the Giant Forest now, that during the whole of the present season up to date only two parties of visitors have entered it. The Government when it established the jiark took i)ossession of this road, which had just been completed, failed to reimburse the builders, and allowed it to go to ruin, thus cutting oft* access to the very feature which it proposed to secure to the public. This road, the Kaweab Colony road, runs up the North Fork from near Three Elvers for 10 miles, where it leaves the river and enters the park. It is narrow, but was laid out with rare engineering skill, ascending by an easy grade along the slopes of Ash Mountain, 10 miles further to the Colony sawmill. This point is 2 miles in a direct 900 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE lino, 9 miles by trail, from tlie Giaut Forest. It is said that tliis road cost tlic Kaweah Colony $30,000, and it is certainly true that its vir- tual confiscation by tbe Government wrecked the association and impoverished its members. It is a pity, for the park would have lost none of its value and i)icturesqueness if township IG S., R. 29 E., which this road traverses, had not been included in the reservation. This township is brushy, rocky, and barren, except a small strip of pine near its eastern boundary. If it had been left unincluded, the Colony road would without doubt have been kei)t in a state of repair, and the for- est would now be accessible to the traveler. The people of this vicinity say very truly that it is well that Mineral King was not included in the reservation, or no part of the park would now be accessible save by trail, the Mineral King road being now kept up by the county. APPROPRIATION FOR THE GIANT FOREST ROAD. I beg leave to call the i^articular attention of the honorable Secre- tary to this very imx)ortant matter. The Government has reserved this park, and if it is to be held as a park it should be made accessible. A large amount of money — sometimes as much as $75,000 — is appro- priated each year for the Yellowstone Park. The Yosemite Park has toll roads, built and kept in order by incorporated companies. Both these parks have been made accessible. Not a cent has ever been appropriated for the improvement of the Sefiuoia Park. As it can not be expected that toll roads will be established here, at least for the present, an immediate and liberal appropriation is necessary, in order that this park may fulfill the design of those who established it. The Colony road from the crossing of the main Kaweah, near Three Elvers, to the old sawmill, is 20 miles in length. An iron bridge is needed across the Kaweah near Three Elvers. For 4 miles from this point the road is fairly good. A wooden bridge is there needed across the !North Fork. For the next 6 miles the road requires but slight mending as far as Haha Falls. Thence to the sawmill the road is in a bad state. In places the retaining wall has fallen ; in others small landslides have come down from the upper bank, depositing dirt on the road. ISJ^early everywhere great ruts have formed, which the rains of each winter increase in size. Probably $300 per year would have suf- ficed to keep this road in the condition it was in when troops first came here. But it has gone from bad to worse; even now extensive repairs are necessary to prevent its washing away altogether. From a careful inspection of the road, I am of opinion that $5,000 is needed to put it in good condition. The bridges are needed to make the road available before the 1st of July, when the rivers subside sufficiently to be forded. These two bridges will cost about $4,000. From the Colony sawniill to the Giant Forest is a distance in a direct line of 2 miles, by trail 9 miles. The canyon of the Marble Fork, 3,000 feet deep, intervenes. To cross this canyon a road 15 miles long, at a cost of $30,000, is necessary. It is recommended that an officer of the Engineer Cori)s of the Army be detailed to make the necessary preliminary surveys of this road. THE NORTHERN DISTRICT. From the Giant Forest there is access by comparatively easy trails to the different parts of the northern district of the park (excex^t on EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. . 901 the west, where the bushy and rocky country borderiag the northern part of the canyon of the North Fork is almost impossible to traverse). This northern section of theparkis, as a rule, a picturesque, interesting country, well watered and timbered, mountainous, with frequent mead- ows, affording fine feed for horses. The numerous fine streams in this country are naturally well fitted for trout, but unfortunately have never been stocked. With a road to the Great Forest and i)lenty of trout in these streams, this would be a delightful resort. I am in correspond- ance with the U. S. Fish Commission on the subject of stocking these streams. I have also been promised by the Sportsmen's Club, of Visaha, a small number of trout, which, if obtained, I iiropose to plant this fall. I have also written to the California State fish commission without success. In case other resources fail, I propose to obtain a few young trout is September from the Xorth Fork and place them in the tributaries of the Marble Fork. Numerous high falls have prevented the fish from ascending the Kaweah Eiver to this elevated country. This country was guarded this summer by a patrol under command of Second Lieut. Eutherford, Fourth Cavalry, their camp being at Hal- stead Meadows. In consequence of the thorough and conscientious work of my predecessor, Capt. Dorst, Fourth Cavalry, and his com- mand during the last two years, sheep and cattle men have religiously respected the boundaries of the park thus far this season. But one or two small bands of sheep have up to date come'within the park, and that only for a few hours, probably by accident. THE CENTRAL DISTRICT. This is little else than a sharp mountain ridge between the Middle Fork and the East Fork. - It is- well timbered and has a few meadows, necessitating an occasional visit by patrols to keep off sheep and cattle, This mountain ridge and the canyons on the north and south sides are at present an almost impassable barrier to direct communication between the north and south districts. A trail should be cut from the Giant Forest to Hockett Meadows in the southern district. With an appropriation of 83.000 for rock-blasting, etc., supplemented by the labor of the troops, it is believed a fair trail could be constructed. If the limits of the park are not extended, this trail is urgently needed. The only way to prevent further intrusions by a band of cattle, which is constantly drifting on to the park, and at the same time punish the owners, is to drive the cattle across the park and out on the other side. A trail leading through the park is necessary for this purpose, for the cattlemen could and would resist any attempt to drive the cattle into the park after having driven them out, which would be the case if, for instance, it were attempted to drive a band of cattle from Hockett Meadows via Three Rivers to the northern boundary of the park. THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT. This is a well-watered, well-timbered country lying south of the East Fork. A considerable portion of it consists of a high plateau easily traversed. Its natural boundaries, however, consist of very steep and rocky canj'ons. It abounds with large, grassy meadows, and fine trout streams, well stocked with fish. On account of its altitude and the amount of snow lying there, this part of the park Avas not occupied by troops until July 22, since when it has been kept constantly patrolled by First Lieut. Alexander T. Dean and his detachment. No sheep or 902 . PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE cattle liave thus far intruded into this part of tlie i^ark. It is readied by a very steep, difficult trail via the South Fork, 26 miles from Three Kivers to Hockett Meadows, orpreferablyby an easier trail via Mineral King, 18 miles to Hockett Meadows. An appropriation of $200 for blasting powder and tools would make it possible to construct a good trail from Hockett Meadows to Mineral King, 10 miles long, thus diminishing the present length of route by one-half. GEANT PARK. This is a small reservation 2 miles square, distant 6 miles northwest in a direct line from the northwest corner of Sequoia Park. It is reached by wagon road and daily stage from Visalia, 55 miles, or by trail from Three Eivers via Eshom Creek, distance 28 miles, or by trail from Giant Forest, distance 33 miles. It is, generall}' speaking, a level plateau, covered by a dense forest, in which there are many fine exam- ples of the /Sequoia gigantea. Being more accessible, especially from the city of Fresno, it is much oftener visited by tourists than is the Giant Forest. At the same time, on account of its small size and iso- lated position, it is much more liable to be overrun by cattle. The detachment vStationed there has been constantly employed in running cattle out of the i^ark, an endless task, for as soon as one baud was run out another would make its ai)pearance. In the event of the Sequoia Park not being enlarged so as to include Grant Park, I rec- ommend that a wire fence be erected around Grant Park. The cost of such a fence 8 miles in length would be: For wire and nails, $800^ for labor, $800. There is plenty of fallen timber from which to mako I)osts, which are included in this estimate. EXTENSION OF THE PARK. I learn from the report of the superintendent of the Yellowstone National Park that on the 14th of April, 1891, the limits of that park were enlarged by order of the President by adding thereto a portion of a timber reserve previously set ai)art by the President under the timber-culture laws. There is no doubt that this can advantageously be done in the case of the Sequoia !National Park, and that the limits can thus be enlarged without materially interfering with the interests of any class of citizens, save sheepmen and cattlemen, who are making use of Government lands. The present park is too small to well per- form the functions of a game reserve, since the cold weather forces the deer from the high altitudes within the park to the low foothills outside the park, where they are hunted assiduously. Besides, it is too small j an area 24 miles by 9 being scarcely sufficient for the i)urx)ose. By taking in a x)ortion of the forest reserve east of the Sequoia and Gen- eral Grant national ixarks there would be included a country devoid of inhabitants or settlements, without roads, but naturally suited for a game reserve. It would include and preserve the sources of the Kern Kiver, a stream which is much depended on for irrigation. It would reclaim from the sheepmen an area now almost impassable to the trav- eler, to such an extent is every living thing eaten off the face of the eartli and trampled under foot by the hundreds of thousands of sheep which every year roam over that territory. (I am told that this year the ravages of the sheep have been extraordinary, and people visiting the Kern Eiver to lish have to depart hurriedly to prevent their horses from dying of hunger.) This extension of thex)ark would include what REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 903 is perliaps tlie finest fisliing ground of America, or of tlie world, tlie Kern lakes and the npiier waters of the Kern Eiver. It would include some very i)icturesque country, notably about Mount Whitney, and much country in which, by reason of its comparatively low altitude, deer can winter. By making this extension, the Sequoia Park will become about equal in area to the Yoseipite. I inclose a blue i)rint showing the proposed enlargement. Beginning at the northwest corner of Grant Park I would propose that the line run due east to the 'eastern boundary of the forest reserve ; thence south along the boundary of the forest reserve to the point where the southern line of the x)ark prolonged intersects that boundary; thence due west along the southern line of the park prolonged to the southwest corner of the park; thence northwest along the western boundary of the forest reserve to the southwest corner of Grant Park; thence north along the west lines of Grant Park to the point of starting. This extension would include Grant Park and the Mount Whitney military reservation, a reservation which I believe has not yet been thrown open to occujiancy by settlers. A few years of exclusion of sheep and cattle would make this a grand natural fishing and hunting- resort, the source of health and i^leasure to great numbers of citizens. INFANTRY, NOT CAVALRY, NEEDED. To guard and police such a reservation infantry, not cavalry, are necessary. On a rough trail the cavalryman is impeded by having to dismount and lead his horse half the time. The cost of infantry would be less. To subsist a force of 50 men requires the transport from the plains, by wagon and pack train, of 1,50<) pounds of supplies per day for cavalry, against 200 x)ounds for infantry. The cost of transporta- tion is, therefore, in the case of the cavalry nearly eight times as great. After they have become habituated to the mountains, infantry can do as good or better work than cavalry, penetrating in search of cattle or sheep to side canyons, and on mountains where horses can not follow. Our infantry needs practice in marching, and this mountain work is calculated to improve in morale and i^hysique any body of men who are engaged in it. Entire regiments of infantry in the French and Italian services are devoted to Alpine work. For the thorough guard- ing and policing of the enlarged park, two companies of infimtry would be sufficient and their x^rovisioning would cost the United States much less than one troop of cavalry. Such a force, provided with plenty of cheap jacks or burros as pack animals, could do most efficient work. It is believed that troops can be of little use in the park before the 15th of June nor after the 15th of October, on account of the snow. GA3IE AND FISn. From all accounts the nuinbers of bear and deer in the x)ark have increased materially since last year. This is the principal game. Grouse and quail are found, but not plentifully, owing to the high altitude. As already stated, the streams in the northern district of the park need to be stocked with trout. I request that the attention of the National Fish Commission be called to this matter. It is a shame to find such fine trout streams devoid of trout. My guide, Mr. West 904 PAPEES ACCOMPANYING THE Warren, of Yisalia, can be of assistance in this matter; lie knows the conntry and the streams thoronghly. POINTS OF INTEREST. This park is not i^ictnresqne to the same degree as the Yosemite. Still some very striking views can be had from a few high points, nota- bly Monnt Silliman, Mount Baldy, INIoro Eock, Castle Rocks, the heights near Mineral King, and a point near Hocketts Meadows. Most of these points are accessible by trail. FIRES. There were no forest fires in the park np to date. SURITLYS, CLAIMS, ETC. The boundaries of the park should be run by a competent surveyor and marked. This has never yet been done, and until it is done the force guarding the park is likely to be annoyed by intrusions of igno- rant sheep and cattle men. Plenty of copies of the rules and regula- tions of the park should be sent the officer in charge, in order that they may be posted on all trails and roads entering the iiark. A number of people filed claims on lands that now lie within the park, before it was established. One aged man, Mr. Daniel Hiteu,has for eight years been trying to gain full possession of a place near Oriole Lake, on which he has a house and barn and numerous improvements. His claim, and all others of the kind, should be passed upon and settled one way or the other, that the applicants should not be kept in suspense. It would also be proper, in my judgment, to reim- burse the Kaweah colonists for the road on which they have spent so much money and labor. OPERATIONS. 1 will give here a brief resume of the operations of this troop during the year. The outpost at Grant Park of Sergt. Wilson and 3 men was estab- lished June 2G. I inclose his report of operations since. He deserves commendation for the manner in which his dutied were performed. Tlie outpost at Ilalsteads Meadows, for the guarding of the northern district of the park, consisting of Lieut. S. McP. Rutherford and a detail of 8 men, was established July 10. I inclose Lieut. Rutherford's report, dated August 12. His patrols traveled up to that time about 720 miles. The outpost at Hocketts IMeadows, to guard the southern district of the park, was established July 22. It consists of First Lieut. A. T. Dean, Fourth Cavalry, and detachment of 6 men. I inclose Lieut. Dean's report, dated August 20. His patrols up to that date had traversed 408 miles. My thanks are due these two officers for the efficient manner in which they have i)erformed their duties. In addition to the patrols reported by these officers, numerous patrols and scouts have been made from the main camp and elsewhere. The totaliiumber of niiles traversed by this troop and independent detachments up to August 22 was about 4,000 miles. Personally I have been able to visit most portions of the parks. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 905 MAPS. I inclose for file with my report a map, prepared by topographical assistant Private Blake, of tlie Sequoia and General Grant parks and the country contiguous. Also a map of General Grant Park. A large map of the Sequoia Park in detail is in course of preparation. When finished a copy will be forwarded. RESUME OF RECOMMENDATIONS. In conclusion I take the liberty of making a resume of the recom- mendations I have made in regard to this park: (1) That $5,000 be ax)propriated and expended for the repairs of the Giant Forest Koad. (2) That this road be extended to the Giant Forest and that the Gov- ernment appropriate $30,000 for this purpose. (3) That a bridge across the main Kaweah Kiv^eii be constructed at a cost of $3,000. (4) That a smaller bridge be thrown across the iSTorth Fork, costing $1,000. (5) That a good trail be built between the Giant Forest and Hocketts Meadows, at a cost of $3,000. (G) That $200 be appropriated for blasting, etc., on short trail from . Mineral King to Hocketts Meadows, to be built by labor of troops. (7) That a wire fence be constructed about Grant Park, at a cost of $1,600. (8) That $3,000 be appropriated each year for the repair of roads and trails. (9) That an engineer officer of the Army be detailed to survey and lay out roads and trails. (10) That the park be enlarged by taking in that portion of the for- est reserve east of the park, and that the Sequoia and General Grant parks be consolidated under the name of the Sequoia Park (11) That the National Fish Commission be requested to stock the many fine streams in the park, now without fish. (12) That the boundaries of the park be surveyed and marked by a competent surveyor. (13) That the claims of all i)arties to laud within the park be settled without delay. (14) That the Kaweah road be paid for. (15) That infantry as well as cavalry be used to patrol the i>ark, being better adapted to that work. My thanks are due to Capt. J. 11. Dorst, Fourth Cavalry, who pre- ceded me as sui^erintendent of the park, for much information and assistance. " jfe ^k ^ tt -ik 4b ^ ■tP * tP "TP ^ -9? ^F Very respectfully, your obedient servant, James Parker, Captain, Fourth Cavalry, Acting Superintendent, Sequoia and General Grant Xational Paris. The Secretary of the Interior. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, LOe ANGKLKS, -•- C'AL. 906 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE EErORT OF THE ACTING STJPEEINTEiTDENT OF THE YOSEMITE NATIONAL PAEK. Caimp near Wawona, Mariposa County, Gal., July 15, 1893. Sir : I liave tlie liouor to submit the following report of the condition of affairs and of the management of the Tosemite National Park dur- ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893: Tlie law forbidding trespassing on the lands within the limits of the park has generally been observed, but .there were a few cases where the trespass was so clear, arid the intent so evident, that examples ot some severity were made of the oil^enders. The Tuolumne Elver has its source at the north foot of Mount Lyell, and for a distance of about 40 miles the river runs practically parallel to the summit of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. This river drains all the country north'^)f it to the summit, and as far west as the western boundary of the park. The portion of this area lying between Mount Conness and Lake Vernon on the east has been so torn by glacial action that there is a succession of deep and rugged canj^ons running from the summit to the river. The divides between these canyons are composed of bleak, bare rock, destitute of vegetation of any kind. In the canyons there is generally a growth of tamarack trees, and at places they open out a few rods, where a little meadow of grass grows. Into that almost inaccessible region the sheep men thought they could graze their herds in security. It was thought, even by men accustomed to these mountains, that our cavalry horses could not pass over so wild and rugged a country. Thinking it very probable that the sheep men would enter the park and try to graze in this country, I furnished Lieut. Davis with a detail and ordered him to scout the country out thoroughly. He found that one herd had escaped him by passing out of the park before he reached them, but he arrested the herders of other herds and marched them, their dogs, and pack outfits, to the western limit of the park, whence he ejected them. He subsequently found a herd about half a mile Avithin the i)ark boundary in township 2 S,, range 25 E., but the herders discovered him before he could reach them. They hid in the neighboring canyons, and the lieutenant could not find them. The sheep men understand thoroughly that they are liable to great loss if they are caught grazmg their herds within the park. The pen- alty for such trespass is ejectment,, but I claim that the offender can not select his own punishment, hence I have the right to eject from such point of the park boundaries as will, in my judgment, prove the most efiective. Of course this journey is not in accordance with the w ill of the offender, and consequently he is under restraint, or, in other words, he is -under guard, until the point on the park boundary which I have designated as the place of ejectment is reached. In order to save him unnecessary hardship, he is allowed to take along such horses or i)a(;k animals as he may have with him, and also his comi^lete camp outfit and provisions. When ejected, some of them usually ask and obtain permission to see me for the purpose of getting written j)ermis- sion to go and collect the herd and move it off the park. The owners of these herds are not always with them, so, in order to compel them to give orders to their herders not to tresi^ass upon the park, when herders are arrested they are marched to another part of EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 907 tlie park for ejectmeut, tliis marcli consuming four or five days; and after tliey are ejected it takes as long to get back to tbeir lierds. In the meantime the sheep are alone, and the forest animals are liable to scatter and destroy many of them. When the owner awakens to this fact, he takes more interest in the doings of his herders and gives them brders not to enter the x)ark under any circumstances. A few examples have made all of them respecters of the law, and so far this season no willful trespass by the sheep men has been discovered. "When the troops first came here to guard the park, there were a great many cattle habitually grazed upon the lands now within its limits. Some ranchmen owned homesteads in which they lived daring the sum- mer months, and they had habituall}^ driven their cattle to their pos- sessions in the mountains, and turned them loose to roam and gTaze at will until just before the autumn storms, when they would round up their herds and drive them back to where they had i)rovided a winter rauge for them. The policy of preventing all trespassing upon the park by the employment of the troops was so suddenly adopted, that these people knew nothing of it until the soldiers actually arrived here; but by that time those living on the x>ark had either returned to their summer homes in the mountains, or were on their way to them; and to enforce the order against their stock Mould have subjected them to hardship and pecuniary loss, which they were not prepared to bear without real suffering, in some cases, which I wished to avoid. To do so, I told those who lived within the park to do the best they could during the summer toward keeping their cattle upon their own lands, but to be prepared to comply with the law the following year. Those living outside of the park were given to understand that they must keep their cattle off or I would have to adopt measures to do it for them. This did very well until sometime during September, at which time a man ranin about COO head of cattle and thoroughly intermingled them with those of the residents. When I discovered this trick and took a detail to round up and eject these cattle, I found that the task of separating them was a great one; and when I threatened to drive the whole outfit through Bloody Canyon, the resident owners begged so hard for their stock that I had to relent, but, as a compromise, they promised to round up and take all their stock out of the mountains much earlier than usual. When I returned the following season (1892), I notified them that residents on the park could bring in such stock as they could graze upon their own inclosed meadow land, but they could use such other land as they had x>atents or deeds for, x)rovided they marked the boundaries so that my men could see them, and, also, pro- vided that they herded the stock so that it would not graze upon adjoining lands; in other words, did not trespass. Some of them prom- ised to comply with the rules; some brought their stock on the park without saying a word about it. During the month of August last I discovered that the promises were not very rigidly adhered to. ISTot one of them had marked the boundaries of his premises, and the cattle were not very carefully kept within their inclosed meadows. I frequently warned them and told them what would be the consequences of continued neglect to comply with their promises. I tear that this mild -treatment encouraged them in the belief that I would not be severe with them even if they did not do as I wished. The last few days of September I learned that they made no pretense of keeping their cattle from trespassing, and, finally I also learned that the same man had rei^eated the same trick of the year before and had driven his herd upon the park. It was not long 908 PAPERS' ACCOMPANYING THE before Lieut. Davis •was among tliem with orders to round up every Lead of stock lie could find at large upon the park, to arrest and send to Wawona every stock owner who did not live on the park, or other tresx>asser. After he had rounded this stock up, the lieutenant was to drive it through Bloody Canyon. This man had^years ago, fallen trees and bnilt two houses on Government land. These houses were now within the limits of the park, notwithstanding which he had made them his headquarters, had stored provisions and bedding, as well as arms for his men, and, generally, he had made them a rendezvous for men intent upon violating the law. These houses, his goods, and cattle became, therefore, as to the Government, a private nuisance, and as the representative of the Government I had the right, and it was my duty, to abate it. I therefore ordered Lieut. Davis to burn these houses and everything that might be in them. These orders were obeyed. The men had one or two ludicrous chases after cattlemen and herders, but they were too fleet and too well acquainted with the country and were not caught. The houses and their contents were burned, a bunch of cattle was rounded up, and on the 8th of October they were driven through the Bloody Canyon to the Nevada side of the Sierra I^evada mountains. The western side of the park was thoroughly policed for the winter, and it became generally understood that the law forbidding trespass was going to be enforced. Two fires occurred in the park last year, in the latter part of Sep- tember. The first fire occurred in township 2 south, range 19 east, and burned over an area about a quarter of a mile square. It reached the Tuolumne grove of Sequoia (jigantw and touched one of the trees before it could be extinguished. The tree was not injured. This fire evidently spread from the fire left by some careless camping party. The second fire was a very serious one and burned an area of country within the xiark about 1 mile wide by 3 miles long, in townships 1 and 2 south, range 19 east. It was finally extinguished by driving it against the South Fork of the Tuolumne Eiver. This fire originated outside of the j)ark, but in what manner investigation could not determine. My men have no facilities here for subduing fires. Upon the two occasions of last year they used gunny sacks, brush brooms, etc. An iron headed and toothed rake would be the most eifective instrument that could be used for extinguishing fire in this forest. There are never any high winds here. Even the fires themselves do not make much of a current of atmosphere; hence, fires burn very slowly, and when not in a thick growth of firs, or other material that makes a dense smoke and heat, they can be approached with impunity. Advan- tage can be taken of the open spaces, and all the pine needles, leaves, and other combustible matter can be raked into a windrow, which will enable us to back-burn, and thus check the fire effectually. If my men had been provided with rakes last September both fires could have been subdued before much damage had been done. August and Sep- tember are the months when fires do the most damage. The long, dry, hot summer has made tinder of the pine needles, fallen leaves, etc., and it takes but very little to start a tire. Last season the autumn rains commenced early in October, and the forest was soon so damp that there was no more danger of fire. The summer resident started for the plains and, as the trespasser had departed the countrj^, this command, on October 25, 1892, joined the general movement for a lower altitude and a more hosx)itable climate for the winter. Having received the x)rox)er orders, we started from the Presidio of REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 909 San Francisco, Cal., on our return to tliis park May 8, 1893, where we arrived May 24, after a most pleasant and agreeable march of 250 miles. The fall of snow in these mountains the past winter has been unusu- ally heavy. The season thus far has been quite cool and, as a result, vegetation is fully three weeks later than usual; but the sheepmen brought their herds to the mountains as usual, and being disappointed in the matter of grazing for their stock, the most of them returned to the valley and rented grazing laud. This accounts for the anxiety of some who own land within the limits of the park to get their herds upon it. The vegetation has been protected for two years and, of course, it is much better grazing than anywhere else in the mountains. None of them own land enough to supi)ort their herds more than a few days, at the end of which time they would be situated as they now are — the portion of the park passed over by their herds would be a desert, and, if their herders followed their usual practice, numerous fires would be in the forest, thus burning what was not eaten or trampled into ruin. If sheej) are allowed to enter this iiark you might as well with- draw the guard and have Congress repeal the act creating it. For thirty years they have made their annual visits to these mountains and the damage that they have wrought is incalculable. When we pass through the forest that is frequented by these herds and note the absence of young growth to rei)lacethe matured forest trees, and when we reflect that it takes about seven hundred years for the sugar pine to mature and about two hundred and forty for the fir to attain its extreme age, we can then realize that the dainage wrought has been enormous, reaching far into the future, and for this reason it is inesti- mable. The cattle men living outside the park have given no particular trouble thus far, but those who reside within the park have been care- less and their cattle have trespassed. In order to correct this, I sent Lieut. Davis among them with orders to round u^ such stock as he found roaming at large upon the park and drive them to Wanoua for ejectment. The snow was so deep in Bloody Canyon that itwas impass- able. He rounded up a bunch and sent them here, but the owner accompanied them, and he begged so hard, and promised so faithfully to comply with my orders hereafter, that I allowed him to drive them back. They all soon saw that I had ceased to exercise forbearance, and now the few cattle that are on the park are in inclosures which are on patented lands. One man brought his cattle to his inclosed meadow without letting me know anything about it. He had the good luck to escape my patrols, and was upon his own land before he was discov- ered, but he soon learned the condition of aftairs, and he hired a herder to take care of them and keep them within his inclosure. I have camped a detail near him, and if any of his stock gets at large it will be driven here and ejected. These people have had two years in which to prepare for this, and when I talk to them they acknowledge that they can only blame them- selves. I have been as lenient as possible with them for the past two years, but until I commenced to enforce the rules in all their cast-iron features, they manifested no inclination to prepare themselves for what I repeatedly told them was coming. Not one of them has marked the boundaries of his land, and before this spring not one of them had repaired his fence around his grazing land to keep his cattle from roaming at will over the park. The reason for this neglect to comply with the orders is that if compelled to graze their stock upon their 910 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE own land tlie animals would starve to deatli before tlie summer was over. The mining interests witliin the limits of the park have been very quiet this year. Tlie owners of some claims in township 3 south, ranges 25 and 2C east, said they wished to build a road into their property on Shadow Creek (erroneously printed "Shaw Creek" in my last annual report). I investigated the matter and reported favorably, and the honorable Secretary gave the required permission, but no steps have been taken to construct the road. From what I know of the parties and the situation, I doubt if they ever intended to build the road. A road constructed into that mining region from the east, which is the only practicable route, would benefit it very much. The reasons stated in my first and second annual reports for changing the boundaries of this park still remain good. It would leave out all the mining country in the northeast or Mount Gibbs district; it would leave out the entire Minerette mining district in the southeast; and if the line follow the South Fork of the Merced Eiver down to its intersection with a line drawn north and south through the middle of township 2 south, range 20 cast, thence west along said south boundary line to the present western boundary, which it should follow to its intersection with the Toulumne Eiver, with the excex)tion of one or two claims, this would leave out all the old settlements, some of which have been establisiied for thirty years, and all of the mining countrj^ in the southwestern part of the park. These mines can not eternally be kept locked up in this park, nor is it good public policy to have them in the i)ark. Even if Congress should pass a forestry law, and indicate a method whereby mines could be worked and timber could be cut, none of these laws should be applicable to a national iiark, which should contain nothing but natural curiosi- ties, for the preservation of which alone the i^ark was created. I can only form an approximate estimate of 'the' number of mining claims on this i)ark in the districts above described. The number must be nearly 300, and probably there are more than that number. In this connection, if we consider the fact that, in addition, there are more than 05,000 acres in homesteads, preemption, and timber claims within the boundaries of the park owr.ed by private individuals we can form some idea of the i^rivate interest involved, but the acting superintendent only can form an idea of how much trouble these interests create. Tliere are 3 toll roads which enter the park and center in the Yosemite Valley. The honorable Secretary appointed an agent, with whom I was to act last year, to investigate the status, etc., of these roads, among other things. I attended the meetings of this commission, but never got to see the report, and consequently do not know what reconnnendations were made; but if the object was to ascertain the value of these roads, with a view to their purchase by the Government, I would observe that, if the Government does i)urchase these roads, it must be prepared to make an annual appropriation of at least $12,000 to kecj) them in repair, and these repairs must commence in March and continue until the winter storms suspend the travel. Last September the State fish commissioners sent me 25,000 young rainbow trout. I put 13,000 of them in the small tributaries of the South Fork of the Merced Eiver, 2,000 in the head waters of Bridal Veil Creek, 4,000 in the Illillouctte Creek above the falls, and 6,000 in Lake Ostrander. The State fish commissioners have very generously given me 20,000 young New England brook trout for distribution in the streams within the park. They will be distributed in August, when REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 911 they get stronger. The same commission has promised me a few more young trout in September. The South Fork of the Merced, the main Merced, and the Tuohimne were stocked with th-e steelhead trout about fifteen years ago, but this trout, when he attains a certain size, generally seeks salt water, but he can not return on account of the falls of the Merced, which are lo;^ated in the foothills, those of the Tuolumne being at the head of thecanj-ou in townshix) 1 north, range 22 cast. The result is that the trout in these streams weigh only a few ounces, and even these are not found above the great falls in the Yosemite Valley. The Merced and Tuo- lumne rivers, above the great falls, are entirely destitute of fish, and more beautiful streams can not be found. There are about a dozen lakes in the park that should be stocked with trout. There is not a fish in them at present. I ai)plied to the U. S. Fish Commission for young trout to stock these streams and lakes. I have been notified that my application was put on file, which apx)ears to end the matter. If this is maintained as a national -pnvk a guard of some kind will always be necessary; and until the inhabitants of these mountains and foothills become habituated to the present state of afl'airs the guard will have to be furnished by the Army; and as the nature of the duties make it impossible for a footman to iierform them the cavalry- will naturally have W furnish it. I have been over every foot of the ground in this loark and studied it with a view of selecting the most available place for a permanent cami). Under the present condition it is not advisable to build barracks and i)lace a permanent garrison upon the park, but an encampment of five or six months every year will accom- plish the object of protecting the park and educating the men in field duties in a manner that these times of peace would otherwise deny them. The place for this encampment is here, for this is on the main traveled road to the valley, it is by far the nearest point to the rail- road, and supplies can be obtained at the least expense. From the direction of the trails, roads, and the i^rescnt location of the settle- ments it is the most central point. All points in the park can be reached from here quicker than they could all bo reached from any other place. This southern border needs the most guarding, and a patrol sent from any other part of the park to a i)articular point on the southern border would first have to come here and then go to its desti- nation. The elevation here is 4,000 feet, just right, for a command can come here between the 20th and 31st of May, forni its camp, and get into good shape for i:)atrol duty long before the snow has melted on the elevations about 8,000 feet. I am told by those who have been among these mountains ever since 1852 that there have been three different years when, owing to the cool seasons, the snow did not entirely leave the 7,000 feet elevations, and the meadow lands on the 8,000 feet elevations were covered with snow all the year of the periods mentioned. Snow generally falls on all elevations above 7,000 feet during September, but there is liable to be trespassing or fire in the southwest portion of the park, which is from 4,000 to G,000 feet eleva- tion, until the last part of October, when every living thing, except a few fur-bearing animals and the grouse, seek the foothills. If troops are employed I would most respectfully suggest that the honorable Secretary should make application for them sometime dur- ing the month of February, in order that they may get the order not later than the middle of ^larcli, for, as they will have to commence the march about May 4 to 10, that will give their commander time to make the proi)er requisition for sux)plies. Some of these requisitions, 912 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE for ordnance, for example, -vrLll probably have to go to Wasliington and return, or to the Spring-field arsenal. It will also give time for tlie legal period of thirty days for the Quartermaster's and Commissary Departments to advertise for supj)lies, one for forage and tlie other for fresh beef, and for other contracts. TJnless time is given the command will arrive at the park iDoorly supplied. Officers and men always do their dnty more cheerfully, and much more can be exacted of them, if they are properlj^ provided for and they see that those in authority are really interested in their welfare. Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, A. E. Wood, Ga])tain, Fourth Cavalry , Acting Sujjerintendcnt Yosemite National Parle, The Secretary of the Interior. EEPOET OF THE MARITIIME CANAL COMPAI^Y OF NICA- EAGUA. IS'ew York, Decen%er , 1893. Sir : Pursuant to section 6 of the act entitled "An act to incorporate The Maritime Canal Company of Nicaragua," approved February 20, 1889, which x^rovides that said comi)any shall make a report on the first Monday of December in each year to the Secretary of the Interior, and in accordance with instructions prescribing the form of such report and the particulars to be given therein, the said Maritime Canal Company of Nicaragua reports as follows: First. That the annual regular meeting of the company was held at No. 44 Wall street, in the city of New York, on the 4th day of May, 1890, pursuant to the provisions of the by-laws, and that at such meet- ing Messrs. Joseph Bryan, James Eoosevelt, Hiram Hitchcock, Thomas B. Atkins, and Horacio Guzman were duly elected directors of said company to till the places made vacant by the class whose term of office expired on the said 4th day of May, 1893, and to serve for the period of three years as provided for in the said act of incorporation, and that at the same time Mr. Eobert Sturgis was elected as director to fill a vacancy existing in the class of 1895, and Mr. Samuel Barton was elected as director to fill a vacancy in the class of 1894. Mr. Barton failed to qualify, and Mr. F. F. Tliomi)son was subsequently elected to fill the vacancy in the class of 1894. Since then Mr. A. B. Darling and Mr. Alexander T. Mason, of the class of 1894, have resigned and the vacancies caused by their resignations have not yet been filled. Second. That the board of directors of said company as now consti- tuted is composed of the following stockholders: Class of 189 i. — Franklin Fairbanks, C. Eidgeley Goodwin, and F. F. Thompson. Class of 1895. — Charles P. Daly, Daniel Animen, Horace L. Hotch- kiss, Henry E. Howland, and Eobert Sturgis. Class of 1896. — Joseph Bryan, James Eoosevelt, Hiram Hitchcock, Thomas B. Atkins, and Horacio Guzman (Nicaraguan director). A majority of the above-named directors are citizens and residents of the United States. Third. That at the first meeting of the board of directors held after the said annual election the following officers were duly elected to REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. 913 serve for the ensuing year, to wit: President, Hiram Hitchcock; vice-president, Charles P. Daly; secretary and treasurer, Thomas B. Atkins, All of the officers so elected are citizens and residents of the United States. That at said meeting the following directors Avere elected members of the executive committee, as i)rovided for in the by-laws of said company, to wit: James Roosevelt, chairman; Hiram liitchcock, Horace L. Hotchkiss, Henry E. Howland, and Alexander T. Mason. Fourth. That since the organization of the Maritime Canal Com])any of i^icaragua 10,145 shares of the capital stock of said company have been subscribed for at par, amounting in the aggregate to the sum of $1,014,500, of which amount $1,005,940 have been paid into the treasury in cash; thta there has been paid into the treasury from other sources $48,871.62, making the total amount of cash received $1,055,811.62. Fifth. That since- the organization of the company it has paid for property, work, and labor done, and materials furnished in the execu- tion of the work of constructing the canal and in administration expenses, the sum of $830,788.67 in cash and 31,990 shares of the full- paid capital stock of the company of the i^ar value of $3,199,000, and is obligated for $6,855,000 of its first-mortgage bonds. It has also issued 180,000 shares of its capital stock of the par value of $18,000,000 in payment for concessionary rights, privileges, franchises, and other property. Sixth. That the liabilities of the company consist of the amonnts still due under the concessions granted to the company; of the $6,855,000 of bonds before mentioned, the said bonds being due to the Nicaragua Canal Construction Company for work and labor done and materials furnished in the execution of the work of constructing the Interoceanic Canal, and of cash liabilities outstanding and unpaid to an amount not exceeding $50,000. Seventh. The assets of the company consist of itss capital stock, of the concessions, rights, privileges, and franchises which it now owns, and of the idant, equipments, materials, lauds, buildings, structures, railways, steamboats, telephone and telegraph lines, dredges, locomo- tives, cars, machinery, stores, machine shops, supplies, and other jirop- erty in Central America, including the lands situated between the lake and the Pacific, purchased from the Government of Nicaragua for the route of the canal, at a cost of $50,000, in accordance with the provi- sions of the Nicaragnan concession. In our annual report for 1892, we submitted a statement of the work that had been accomplished up to that date; since then the unprece- dented conditions of the money market have been the cause of serious embarrassment to all enterprises that depended upon the sale of secur- ities for means to prosecute their undertakings. Tlic Nicaragua Canal Construction Comi)any, under contract with this company for the con- struction of the canal, suffered under the general conditions in common with others, and was obhged tirst to limit its expenditures to what was requisite for protection and preservation of its plant, and finally to suspend all payments. This resulted in the appointment, on August 30, 1893, by the circuit court of the United States for the southern district of New York, of a receiver for that company. The secretary and treasurer of that company was appointed such receiver. The result of this condition of affairs is that no material advance- ment in construction work has been accomplished since tiie report made by the company to the Department in December, 1892, and, Ab. 93 58 914 PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE tbereforc, we beg to refer to that report as sliowing substantially the l^resent coiulitioii of the \vork. Upon the appointment of the receiver, measures Avere inaugurated by shareholders of the construction company for the reorganization of that company upon a strong financial basis, providing for the liquida- tion of its indebtedness and the active prosecution of work under its contract, in the immediate future. These measures are now well under way with the every assurance of a successful issue, and the Maritime Canal Company is awaiting the result. In witness whereof the Maritime Canal Comj)any of Nicaragua has caused its corporate seal to be hereunto affixed and these presents to be signed by its president and secretary this 4th day of December, A. D. 1S93. The Maritime Canal Company of Nicaragua, By Hiram Hitchcock, President. [seal.] Thos. B. Atkins, Secretary, The Secretary of the Interior, ^yashington, D. C. State of New York, City and County of New Yorlc, ss: Hiram Hitchcock, being duly sworn, says that he is the president of the said the Maritime Canal Company of Nicaragua; that he has read the foregoing annual report and knows the contents thereof, and tl] at the same is in all resi)ects correct and true. Hiram Hitchcock. Sworn to before me this ith day of December, 1893. [seal.] Y. Bigelow, Notary Fuhlic, New YorJc County. # * " » « * * * REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Secretary, WasMiujion^ B. C, November 20, 1803, To tLe President : In tlie discharge of duty the Secretary of the Department of Agri- culture lias the honor to submit his report of the condition of that Department, as to efficiency and current exx)enses, on March 7, 1893, and from that date down to the present time. ORGANIZATION OP THE DEPARTMENT, This Dex)artment was instituted by act of Congress in February, 1889. It is, therefore, the junior in the Executive branch of the Gov- ernment of the United States, and not yet perfectly emerged from the period of formation. Even its objects, its duties, and its possibilities are only dimly defined or vaguely surmised. It is difficult to deduce clearly from the law ^hich created it the functions that the lawmakers designed it to exercise. It is still more dilllicult to determine where duty in the management and direction of this Department begins and where it ends, under existing statutes. As organised, the Department of Agriculture offers opulent opportunities for the exercise of the most pronounced paternalism. But there arc many proper ways in which the Federal Government may legitimately serve the cause of agricul- ture, though it is neither necessary nor desirable that this Deiiartment should attempt duties legitimately belonging to the States, and which only they can discharge as their respective statutes provide or direct. 915 916 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. RELATION OF THE DEPARTMENT TO THE STATE EXPERIMENT STATIONS. The legiil and proper relation between the dnties in behalf of agri- culture devolving- upon this Department and those reserved to the several States of the Union has been rendered more complicated by the act of March, 1887 (known as the Hatcb act), creating experiment sta- tions throughout tbe States and Territories, and also, u.nder the color of law, establishing an anomalous partnership between the Government of the United States and the governments of the respective States for the conduct and encouragement of State agricultural experiment sta- tions. An enormous annuity will accrue to the agricultural colleges with which the experiment stations are connected when the maximum figures are reached" through the operation of the act of August, 1890 (known as tlie Morrill act), which will aggregate nearly two millions of dollars. But this is additional to the income from the almost limit- less land legacy bestowed by the act of 18G2, which has already realized to the agricultural colleges more than eight millions of dollars, and is not yet exhausted. But over that vast sum of money the Federal Gov- ernment exercises no practical supervision nor the slightest control. The appropriation now made to experiment stations is $745,000, and, improperly, it ajipears in the appropriation bill charged to the U. S. Department of Agriculture. As to that sum of money the Secretary of Agriculture has no direc- tion whatever, except as to $25,000 thereof, which must be exi^ended under his direction, in the interests of the experiment stations, through the Office of Experiment Stations, established in the Department of Agriculture, for the purpose of merely advisory functions. This appropriation by the General Government is unlike any other public moneys legislated out of the Treasury of the United States, because there is no officer of the United States authorized to direct, limit, control, or audit its itemized exjienditure. Section 3 of the act creating experiment stations ought to be so amended as to either give the United States Department of Agricul- ture a larger direction of the methods of expending the annual appropriations made for exxieriment stations, or so as to decisively determine that the Dej)artment has no control over it whatever, and is not required even to "give advice." In short, the annual appropriation of between $700,000 and $800,000 made for experiment stations ought to be charged to experiment stations directly, and they entirely divorced from departmental direction; or the law should provide that the Secretary of Agriculture shall have some power to direct and to restrain the disbursements of the Government moneys in each of the experiment stations of the United States, so as to insure only a legitimate expenditure of the same. To-day each State draws from the Federal Treasury its pro rata share for its exiierimeut station, and the only accounting required under the REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 917 law for that mouey to tlie United States Treasury officials is tlie dec- laration and vouchers of the State authorities that the money has been expended under their direction. No detailed account as to liow the mouey has been expended, to whom, or for what it has been paid out, is required. Current rumor in some of the States and Territories, so universal, pronounced, accentuated, and vehement as to have secured great' credence, indicates that some of the moneys appropriated for experiment stations have been diverted from legitimate public imrposes and turned to those of a personal and not patriotic character. Thorough investigation, either by a committee of Congress or by some person authorized by law to make it, Avill demonstrate either the verity or the falsity of such evil reports. And it seems due to gentlemen who have the experiment stations in charge — some of Avhom are of the most exalted personal and scientific character — that such investigation be made at an early day. Properly pursued it can harm no one who ought not to be harmed. Investigation heightens and brightens the esteem of the public for those who, in official positions, have been proved faithful and efficient. It brings dishonor and disgrace to those only who have been unfaithful and inefficient. Complete investigation into the management of each experiment station in the United States and Territories Avill, therefore, certainly elevate in public esteem and render still more illustrious those distinguished scientists who have faithfully and efficiently discharged their duties as directors. And it will just as certainlj'- uncover, demolish, and disgrace those, if any there be, who have frittered away the public funds, rendered inefficient service, and established as solid reputations which were only thinly plated with pretense. Investigation will build up the strong ; it will destroy the charlatan and the pretender in science, as in all other human pursuits. EVOLUTION OF THB REPUBLIC. The Rej)ublic of the United States of North America is a Govern- ment evolved from the experiences of all the governments wliich man has instituted since he began his civilized career. It was presumably made up of that which, to its founders, our ancestors, seemed the wisest and best that humanity had developed up to the time when they undertook to establish and protect liberty by organic law. Therefore, the Gov- ernment of the United States, after an existence of more than a hun- dred years, is a result of the experiences of the Old World adapted to the environments of the New, and broadened by the further experience and wisdom of its own citizenship. And as the Department of Agri- culture is still in an experimental stage, it is deemed only a prudent sagacity to ascertain what its parallels or synonyms in the older gov- ernments of the globe are accomplishing. Si8 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. FUNCTIONS OP FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENTS. Therefore tlie proper authorities of Great Britain, of Prussia, of France, and of Italy "vrere requested to furnish this Department terse statements of their functions and operations, and subjoined are the facts obtained from eachof thepreuamed governments, arranged in the order of their reception: BRITISH BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. To the ambassador of the British Government resident in Washing- ton, Sir JuKan Pauucefote, the Department is largely under obligations for the following statement concerning the British Board of Agricul- ture, which Tvas established in 1889: The British Board of Agriculture consists of four departments: (1) Veterinary; (2) statistical, intelligence, and educational; (3) laud; (4) ordnance survey. Tlie diilics of the Veterinary Division are practically parallel to those of the Bureau of Animal Industry of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. There seems to be, however, no provision for the carrying on by the British Board of Agri- culture of scientiiic investigations. The funds for such work are included in the general appropriations for the Board, except the sum appropriated by the Parlia- inentary act of 1890, for the investigation and eradication of pleuro-pneumonia. For that purpose during the current fiscal year the English Government expends $75,000. The department of the British Board of Agriculture known as the statistical, intelligence, and educational, embraces the collating and publishing of statistics in relation to agriculture. The intelligence branch is charged with collecting infor- mation respecting crop prospects at home and abroad. It likewise collects facts relating to agriculture in general; and it procures and publishes scientific infor- mation relating to insects and fungi injurious to plant life. Tlie educational branch inspects agricultural colleges and schools and the agricul- tural work of county councils and administers the Parliamentary funds for agricul- tural education and experitnents. Tiic Land Department differs from any bureau or division in the U. S. Department of Agriculture because of the difference between this and most foreign countries in the way of land tithes, land improvements, etc., as is sufficiently indicated by the mention of the five distinct branches into which the business of this Department is divideil. These are the iuclosure and commons, copyholds, tithes, land imjirovc- ments and survey, and land drainage. The Ordnance Survey Department, which was transferred from the army to civil administration in 1870, and in 1890 iilaced under the Board of Agriculture, is charged with the execution of the surveys of the United Kingdom. The Board of Agriculture has no jurisdiction in Ireland. The staff of the board, exclusive of the ordnance survey, consists of a president, who is a privy councilor and Member of Parliament, a pcrmaueut secretary, and assistant secretary, directors of the several departments, legal advisers, A'cterinary inspectors, etc. The total annual expenditures of the British Board of Agriculture for the current fiscal year aggregate $1, '120,315. Of that sum the Ordnance Survey Department is charged with $1,093,550, and the board itself, inciudiug the other three depart- ments, with $251,795. And, as before mentioned, for the supi)ression of pleuro- pneumonia is set apart the sum of $75,000. The foregoing instructs us as to the Governmental supervision of agriculture iu Great Britain, and shows the annual cost thereof. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 919 MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE OF PRUSSIA. Next in importance to our people, because of the vast number of American citizens who sjieakthe language of Germany, is the Ministry of Agriculture of Prussia, which is divided into the three divisions of Agriculture, Domains, and Forests, the functions of which are sum- marized in the following paragraphs: In the accompanying statement of the appropriations for the Ministry of Agricul- tnre for the fiscal year 188U-'00 are given some notes, relating especially to tlio second and third items, explaining the scope and functions of the minister as to agriculture. Of the second item for the High Court of Agriculture it is sufficient to say that it is a court of apiical from the decisions of the general committees. These committees, which, as tlie statement shows, absorb over 40 per cent of the appropri- ation for agriculture proper, are, as defined in a blue book published by the British Government, "to give effect to all legislation affecting land and agriculture." These committees are eight in number, so dispersed throughout the Kingdom that their several jurisdictions cover the entire Empire. Each committee is presided over by a president, who is assisted by numerous councilors, secretaries, and clerks, besides othei; employees, such as land surveyors, special assessors, mechanics, engi- neers, etc. Through these committees and their presiding officers the Minister of Agriculture readily keeps in touch with the agricultural interests of all Germany. The principal educational and experimental establishments maintained under the head of '^education and science'' are the high school in Berlin and the agricultural academy at Poppelsdorf, thepomological institutes at Proskau and Geiseuheim, and an establisliment at Weisbaden for chemical experiments. Besides these educa- tional institutions, however, there are a number of agricultural schools distributed tlirough the different jirovinces which, though not governmental institutes, are aided by subsidies from the Empire to the extent of some $33,000. Subsidies are also granted to laboratories in which experiments and investigations are carried on in the interest of-agriculture to the extent of some $25,000 or $26,000 more, the sum varying according to the earnings of the laboratory, but showing a steady decrease during the past six or seven years because of increased earnings. Of the item for "veterinary affairs " some$30,000 are given in subsidies to the veteri- nary schools in Berlin and Hanover. The Uepartment, moreover, employs eleven chief veterinarians, with a sufidcieut staft' of assistants, to superintend veterinary affairs on the frontiers. Tlie amount devoted in the appropriations to cattle and horse-brcediug consists principally of subsidies to the three principal establishments for horse-brcediug, while encouragement in the way of prizes, etc., are awards to individual breeders. The land improvements supervised include bridge-building and the building and repairing of dikes, embankments, etc., and the maintenance of civil engineers to construct and inspectors to superintend such works. The item of "extraordinary expenses" was to cover similar work, presumably of a more exceptional character. The other sections of the work of the iliuister of Agriculture, Forestry, and Domains presents features entirely differing from any which prevail with us, inasmuch as the vast area, which is the property of the State, yields by careful management a gross revenue of $14,000,000, which, after paying all expenditures (amounting to $8,637,500), leaves to the German Government a net revenue of nearly $6,000,000. So with Domains controlling an area of only 1,313 sq uare miles, a revenue of over $7,000,000 is raised. 920 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. Appropriations, 1S89-90 — Ministry of Agriculture of Prussia. Staff of Ministry $109,465 High court of agriculture Si, 37G General committees 1, 284, 721 Educational — scientific 259, 571 Veterinary department 222, 003 Cattle and horsebreeding 175, 855 Land imiirovements 353, 654 Subsidies, pensions, etc 142, 675 Extraordinary expenses* 226, 000 Fisheries 67, 965 , 2, 876, 285 Forestry : J::xpenditaros $8, 637, 500 Forest area square miles.. 10,425 Revenue $14, 495, 000 Net revenue $5, 857, 500 Domains: Expenditures $1, 776, 505 Area square miles . . 1, 313 Revenue $7, 286, 685 Net revenue $5, 510, 180 Total..; 13,290,290 The foregoing from tlie highest Gennau aiithority loresents briefly the operations of the Miuistryof Agriculture of Prussia aud its appro- l)riations for a single fiscal year. It is obvious tliat the governmeutal forests of 10/1:25 square miles are so managed as to be not only of great sanitary advantage, but also a source of net revenue, amounting to §5,857,500 in a single year. The forestry of Germany, aud the imi)or- tant position it holds in the estimation of those who administer the Government, is scientifically suggestive to all the nations of the earth, and especially to the Government of the United States, wherein so little attention has been paid to a question of such vital necessity as the conservation and renewals of the woodlands of this continent. FRENCH MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE. The Ministry of Agriculture iu France is, in a large degree, similar to our own Department. But it supervises many things with which this Department has no connection and over which it can ha\ e no con- trol, because of the different conditions and reqnirements ot goveru- ment which prevail ia the several States of the United States. For instance, one of the i)rincipal French bureaus is devoted to agricul- tural education and to the encouragement of agriculture, and embraces a general inspection by the Ministry of Agriculture of education and educational matters throughout France. That includes the x^ractical schools of agriculture, dairying, and also the National Agronomic Insti- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 921 ' tute. . The fiirtlier duties of the Ministry of Agriculture arc set forth ill the following resume : The Miuistry of Agriculture also-disposes of subsidies given to agricultural under- takings, preuiiums, awards, and bounties awarded to agriculture, includiug those couferred at cattle shoM's and exhibitions of agricultural machinery. A second bureau has charge of veterinary schools and services, includiug the in- spection of all imported cattle, the supervision of sanitary police, and the indemnity for civttle slaughtered for sanitary preventive reasons. A third bureau has charge of legislation and food products, and also has charge of parlianientary bills on agriculture and of the adjustment of the rural code, and dis- charges all the functions of a statistical bureau. These three bureaus constitute the Direction of Agriculture. In addition to the Direction of Agriculture, which is one of the main divisions of the Ministry, there is another main division, known as the Central Service. It is divided into two bureaus. The first has charge of all the administrative details, appointments, i)romotions, transfers, and organization of the staif of the Forestry Division. Furthermore, it controls the receipt and dispatch of correspondence, the transfer of decrees and papers to Parliament, the estimates and all communica- tions to the Superior Council of Agriculture, to the Members of Parliament, and to otlier directors of the Government. The second bureau of this service is charged with the control of accounts, all bookkeeping, the care of the archives, of the library, and the custody of docnments. The most interesting feature of the French Ministry of Agriculture is that which places the Central Service under the control of a Board of Advisers, consisting of the Minister himself, the Director-General of Agriculture, the Director of Forestry, the Director of Agricultural Plydranlics, the Director of the ''Haras" (horse-breed- ing establishments), the Minister's private secretary, the seniorofficerof the Central Service, and the chief clerk of the same ; all these — with the exception of the Min- ister himself — are iiermanent officers. This Board of Advisers controls absolutely the conduct of the Department, besides determining any question especially referred to it by the Minister himself. All appropriations are submitted to it and all pro- motions or penalties require its approval. Subjoined is a statement showing the appropriations for the use of the French Ministry of Agriculture for the fiscal year of 1894. It gives a general idea of its wide scope and varied functions for which nextyear's appropriations aggregate (exclusive of forestry, which is more than self-supporting) over five and a half millions of dollars. The vast sum provided as subsidies, bounties, and i)remiums in certain lines of culture to certain agricultural institutions and to undertakings in the line of rural engineering is worthy of notice, as is also the item of interest guaranteed to companies undertaking useful work in agricul- ture and for aid to sufierers from sundry casualties. But in no way can they be commended for emulation by the Government of the United States, except as to forestry. 922 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. Appropriations for French Ministnj of Agriculture for ISOi. Salaries of the Miuister, staff of central admiuistration, sundry expenses, liublications, subscriptions to publications, inspection service, etc $221,830 Agricultural education and breeding establishnients, including salaries of tcacbers and cm))lo3-ccs, material, and plant $319, 000 Veterinary schools 209, 390 528, 390 Subsidies to sundry agricnltural institutions 400, 000 Subsidies to useful -works in agricultural hydraulics 274, OOO Premiums or bounties in silk culture 800, 000 Premiums or bounties in flax and hemp culture 500, 000 Subsidies and expenses for the restoration of vineyards 200, 000 2, 174, 000 Interest guaranteed to companies undertaking useful public works 209, 550 Encouragements to the horse industry 316, 400 Maintenance of the "haras," or horse-breeding establLshmcuts 1, 065, D16 Epizootic diseases, including indemnity for animals slaughtered 115, 560 Encouragements to agriculture, including delegates to foreign countries, traveling burses 380, 000 Decennial statistics 12, 000 Destruction of wolves 8, 000 Analyses of butters and fats 4, 000 Agricultural hydi'uulics, policing and supervision of water, special ^n^'^es- tigations, and state works ; 279, 700 Aid to sufferers from sundry casualties 474, 000 Aggregating, with sundry other minor items, a total, exclusive of forestry and agriculture in Algeria, of 5, 792, 628 Forestry is provided for by a special appropriation of $2,644,000. The total appropriation for the Ministry of Agriculture, including forestry, is $8,436,628. Forestry is, however, given separately because it returns an income much in excess of its expenditures. The receipts of the Government from its forests and the amounts received from town governments and public establishments for the super- vision and management of tlicir forests aggregate $5,600,000. The appropriations for forestry include the cost of technical instruction in that subject to the amount of $35,000. The actual products of the forests bring $5,400,000 into the treasury of France. It is well for Americans to observe that forestry in the foregoing resume of the French Ministry of Agricnlture is treated with that con- sideration which its importance to all other vegetable life, and also to the continued existence of humanity itself ux)ou this earth, merits and demands. ITALIAN GENERAL DIRECTION OF AGRICULTURE. Besides the relations existing between agriculture and the Govern- ments of Great Britain, Germany, and France, it may be well to briefly set forth those established between the Government and the agricul- tural interests of Italy. The department which in this country has siiecial charge of the agricultural interests is kuoAvn as the General Direction of Agriculture, and forms a branch of the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry, and Commcrco. The duties of this depart- ment are distributed among four divisions: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 923 The first deals with agriculture proper; the second, known as the Division of ZuiUechnie, deals with all that relates to cattle, insects, game, and fisheries; the third has charge of the woods and forests; the fourth of agricultural hydraulics (which include irrigation, drainage, and land improvements) and mines. There is also, in addition to the General Direction of Agriculture, a Bureau of Agri- cultural Legislation. The first division above mentioned, dealing with agriculture proper, is subdi- vided into three sections : Section 1 relates priucipally to agricultural instruction, having supervision of experiment stations, laboratories, collections, schools of agriculture, and of the dif- fusion of agricultural instruction in training scools for teachers, as well as in ele- mentary schools. Section 2 has charge of measures for the improvement of vine-culture and horti- culture, the investigations relating to the diseases of plants, supervision of agri- cultural shows and exhibitions, fertilizers, and agricultural machinery, and is espe- cially charged with the establishing of Chambers of Agriculture. Section 2 is in immediate communication with the Council of Agriculture, to be described hereafter. Section 3 has charge of all Hiatters pertaining to agricultural industries and eco- nomic questions. Connected with the first division of the General Direction of Agriculture are cer- tain consulting bodies. The first of these is the council for agricultural instruction, of which the minister is chairman, and which includes besides fourteen members, nine being appointed for three years by the King, four being elected, one each year, by the Council of Agriculture, while the fourteenth is the Director-General of Agri- culture ex officio. The council meets in regular session twice yearly, but a committee ■ of the council consisting of the deputy chairman, three members selected by the Minister, and the Director-General meets monthly. The Council of Agriculture consists of (1) twenty-four presidents of chambers of agriculture, six presidents of agricultural associations, including economic societies, veterinary societies, or other bodies established in the interest of forestry, agricul- ture, or stock-raising. The above are selected yearly by the minister from a list of agricultural bodies entitled to representation. (2) Fifteen coun-cilors, holding appointment by royal decree and selected for their knowledge of economic and other branches of learning connected with agriculture. The following' officers are members ex officio: (1) The Secretary-General of the Ministry. (2) Director-General of Agriculture. (3) The chairman of tlie Zootechnic Commission. (4) The chairman of the Horse-breeding Commission. (5) The chairman of the Coirncil of Woods and Forests. (6) The chairman of the Commission on Viticulture. Two members are appointed by roj-al decree president and vice-president, but whcuever the minister is present he occui)ie8 the chair. The secretary of the coun- cil is a clerk in the department of agriculture, nominated by the Jlinister. The regular annual sessions of tlic Council take place in April, but the Minister may summon extraordinary meetings. Members of the Council who do not reside in the capital are allowed traveling expenses and a subsistence of $3 per diem while attending the sessions. The proceedings of the Council are published at the Gov- ernmenfs expense. The Council is represented by delegates on various other boards, such as the Commission of Customs Valuation, the Council for the Assessment of Railway Rates, the Council for Agricultural Iustrncti(m, the Council for Salt and Tobacco Monopolies, and on the College of Customs Exjierts. The commission on viticulture consists of twelve yiembers appointed by royal decree, four of whom are appointed each year and serve for three years. The chairman is the Director-General of Agriculture, while the chief of the first division and three inspectors of agriculture are ex officio members. 924 REPOliT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. The system of advisory councils prevails also in regunl to tlie second division, particularly Avith reforcuce to the Horse-breeding Service, in whicli the Director- General is assisted by a council consisting of the director-general of cavalry, the director of the second division in the Agricultural Department, the chief officer of tlic breeding establishments, two delegates elected by the veterinary schools, two delegates from the horse-breeding societies, one officer of caA'alry nominated by the minister of war, and one other member appointed for three years by the Minister of Agriculture. This council meets twice a year. The third division, relating to ''woods and forests," and the fourth, relating to "agricnltnral hydraulics," or what may be called rural engineering, are practically organized on very much the same line as the divisions already described, including the invariable advisory council, consisting of several officials serving ex officio and other i)crsons, appointed either by the Minister or by roj^al decree. The estimates for maintenance of services under the General Direction of Agricul- ture aggregated for the fiscal year ending in 1890 $1,424,613, of which nearly $1,200,000 was for ordinarj^ expenditures, the others being classed as extraordinary'. It must, liowcver, be borne in mind that, exclusive of some $23,000 expended in snp- plying private laud owuers witli young trees, the ailministratiou of the Forestry Department shows a balance or surplus over expenditures aggregating for a period of live years over $100,000. From tlie foregoing' sj'iiopses, wliicli sliow wluit four of the oldest nations of the earth are doing to conserve and encourage successful agriculture within their respective domains, it is possible for Americans to draw many useful lessons. Therefore they have been prej^ared and submitted as didactic data to which agricultural colleges, experiment stations, and practical farmers of the United States may turn for useful suggestions. In a Government like this, while it is not desirable to coi)y all the forms of administration which prevail in the Old World, the substance may in most cases be taken and assimilated to our use, so as to be of universal beneficence to our citizens. It is our duty and destiny to seize the good and reject the bad, as it may be discovered, in all the departments of all forms of human government. EXPENDITURES. When the present Secretary of Agriculture took charge of the Depart- ment, there were upon its pay rolls 2,497 employees. To-day, however, there are on the pay rolls of the Department of Agriculture only 1,994, a reduction of 503 employees. In justice, however, there should be deducted from the present current expenses of the Dex)art- ment the salaries of 11 clerks who have been, at its request, detailed to the United States Civil Service Commission, and are still paid their salaries, amounting to the sum of $10,200 per annum, out of the apjDro- priatiou for the Agricultural Dex^artment. The strenuous endeavor has been, in view of a depleted public treasury and because of the imperative demands of the taxpayers of the United States for economy in the administration of tlieir Government, to rationally reduce expeirditures by the elimination from the pay rolls of all persons not needed for an efBcient conduct of the affaii's of the Department. At the outset conditions of an unsatisfactory character, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 925 due largely to a system wliicb permitted tlie grossest iuequality in compensation to the employees of tlie Department, were confronted. Cautiously and conscientiously the erasure from the pay rolls of the Department of the names of all unnecessary employees, and the increase of its usefulness, have been undertaken -svith persistent purpose and not a passive vigor of will. There has also been an attempt, not by any means yet comx^leted nor satisfactorily successful, to equalize compen- sation. The expenses, of the Department of Agriculture during the first quarter of the present year aggregate but $345,870.76, as against $402,012.42 for the parallel period of the fiscal year 1893. And it is gratifying to observe that the saving up to this time is not less than 12 per cent per annum on current expenses. In verification of the intention to make at least this reductioii permanent, the estimates for the next fiscal- year, which have been submitted to Congress, are less by $369,050.94 than those for the current fiscal year which will end June 30, 1894. Comparative sfatement shoiving amount of appropriations for the Department of Ar/ri- ciiUiirc for the Jiseal year ending June 30, 1894, and amount of estimatis submitted bi/ the Secretary of Agriculture for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895. Appropria- t on, 1S94. Estimate for 1895. Increase. Decrease. $81,000.00 17,700.00 140, 100. 00 38. GOO. 00 29, 800. 00 27, 1'.UO. 00 11. 300. OC 6. 700. 00 25. 600. 00 39, 000. 00 27, 820. CO G, 300. 00 19, 000. 00 148, 920. 00 10,400.00 7, 840. 00 3, 000, 00 745, 000. 00 $77, 500. CO 17, 700. 00 146, 100. 00 33. 60;'. 00 29, 800. 00 27, 3C0. 00 11. 300. 00 7, 300. 00 25, COO. 00 32, OOJ. 00 29, 820. 00 8, 500. 00 18, 200. 00 44, 000. 00 11,000.00 0, 840. 00 6, 000. 00 $1,200.00 $5. COO. 00 5, 000, 00 Divi.sioii of Entoiiioloo^v . .... Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy .. Division of Pomology 600. 00 Division of Vo;rctable Pathology Division of Chemistry - 7,000 00 Division of Forestry 2, 000. 00 2, 200. 00 Division of Kecords and Editing 800. 00 Division of Sf^eds 104 920 00 Document and Folding Room 540. 00 1, 000. 00 Dibrarv 3, 000. 00 .A.*i"ricultural experiment stations 745 000 00 Office of Experiment Stat ioii.s 25, €00. 00 32, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 5, 000. 00 25, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 10, 000. 00 8, GOO. 00 10, 000. 00 25, 000. CO Experimental Garden and Grounds 34, COO. 00 10, 000. 00 5. 000. 00 25, 000. 00 10. 000. 00 20, (100. 00 6, 000. 00 2,000.00 Eurniturc, cases, and repairs Postage Contiujrent expenses lioad mailing and mana^oinent Experiments in the manufacture of sugar Irrigation investigations 10, 000. 00 2, 000, 00 10, OUO. 00 Kiitrition Eibcr iuvesti""ations 5, 000. 00 850, 000. 00 15, 000, 00 951,100.00 5 000 00 Bureau of Animal Industry 700, 000. 00 12. 000. 00 854, 223. 06 150, 000. 00 3 000 00 Quarantine stations fcr neat cattle Weather Bureau 96, 876. 94 Total 3, 323, 500. 00 2, 233, 843. 06 40, 540. 00 1, 136, IDG. 94 Amount of items representing decrca.sc of ajipropriations. Amount of items representing inciTa.se of apjiropriatious . $1,13G, 190. 94 46, 540. 00 Total decrease 1, 089, 056. 94 Deducting amount appropriated h\ Congress for State experiment stations, and im- properly included in the appropriation for the Department of Agriculttire 720, 000. 00 Not decrease 369,650.94 926 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. CHANGE— PERMANENCY. '^j| Among the heads of divisions iu the Department of Agricultare changes nnder tlie present administration have been exceedingly few, becanse the gentlemen in charge of the several divisions are gener- ally skilled scientists. They are experts in their resi)ective i)rofes- sions. Many of them are known thronghont the scientific world, in whicli tliey have worked all their lives, and their investigations arc common to the English, German, French, and Italian languages. Dr. George Yasey, the chief of the Division of Botany, died early in March, 1893. He was known as a great botanist and a high author- ity in his specialty throughout the world. His loss is profoundly mourned by his countrymen who were laboring in the same delightful field with himself, and by botanists over the sea, throughout Great Brit- ain, and the Continent. His position was immediately tendered to, and accepted by, Mr. F. V. Coville, his most capable assistant iu that division. The other changes occurred because of resignations. Mr. A. W. Harris, director of the Office of Experiment Stations, resigned to accept the presidency of the Maine State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, and his x)lace was filled by the promotion of Mr. A. C. True, who was his assistant. Maj. B.F. Fuller resigned his position as cbief of the Division of Accounts and Disbursing Officer, and was succeeded by Mr. F. L. Evans, who had been his faithful first aid for several years. Witli the exception of one division — that of Statistics — these are the only changes made in the chiefs of divisions where technical knowl- edge and skill are required, and in each instance the vacancy was filled with certain advantage and good results to the service by the i)ro- motion of experienced assistants. These i)romotions are a recognition of long, faithful, competent, and useful labors in behalf of the Govern- ment. They are intended to stimulate ambition, fidelity, and industry among all well-disposed emploj-ees of this Department. Each promotion iu the Department ought to be hereafter in itself a declaration that the j)erson advanced in rank and salary has a superior record for merit and efiicieucy, and is capable of a higher grade of service, and t-iierefore entitled to an increase of compensation. THE CLASSIFIED SERVICE. The Classified Service is defective, owing to the arbitrary advance in the rank and pay of clerks, without requiring a higher grade of service or any increase of skill or intelligence. Thus we find inequities iu com- pensation. One clerk may be drawing 81,800 per annum because he is in the $1,800 class, and yet doing only the work adapted to a person in the $810 class. These inequalities of comiDensation are, perhaps, due more to the appropriation acts creating statutory positions than they are to the law creating the United States Civil Service Commission, or to the rules and regulations which that Commission has adopted. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 927 An obvious method of rectifying this injustice is to be found in mak- ing the appropriations in (jros.s for the pay of the clerical force of each Department, and leaving the head thereof to determine, from the char- acter and quality of the service required, how much each clerk shall be paid. In all great business concerns — mercantile, linancial, and manufacturing — compensation depends upon the quality and character of the service, and the promptness and fidelity with which it is ren- dered. There can be no good reason urged against the Government of the United States securing efficient services in the same manner that they are secured by the successful business interests of the country. No one can take charge of a Department of the Government, and of his own volition employ servants of mediocre ability or inefficient, except at the cost of his own reputation and much loss to the public service and public purse. In the Department of Agriculture there are 87 employees who came in after examination and certification from the eligible lists by the United States Civil Service Commission. But there have been G38 persons placed in the Classified Service of the Department of Agriculture, by Presidential orders. Of that number, 118 were ordered in by President Arthur; by President Cleveland during his former administration, 90 at one time and 116 at another; while President Harrison, by his order of January 5, 1893, placed 314 persons in the Classified Service of the Department of Agriculture. So that there have been placed ui)on its i)ay rolls 725 persons in the Classified Service. The erroneous impression that a clerk in the Classified Service is pro- tected, or that he has any vested right in an office, so as not to be amenable to higher authority because of delinquencies or malperform- ance of duty, seems to be quite generally entertained, and especially by those who have come into the service through "an order" rather than by a rigid examination. That this is not true, and that tenure of office in any Department depends upon industry, fidelity, and prompt- ness, ought to be italicized in the daily routine of duties by all those huving authority; and it shoidd be understood that personal merit and efficiency alone, rather than any extraneous influence, can secure and hold promotions in the public service. It is further suggested that, in the interest of an efficient service, the Civil Service Commission should i)rovidc a noncompetitive examina- tion for any employees of a Department whom the head thereof shall select from those placed in the Classified Service by a Presidential order, and that in the case of non certification by the Civil Service Commis- sion after being thus examined such employees should be dropped from the rolls.' DISTRIBUTION OP SEED AT THE PUBLIC EXPENSE. The first United States Commissioner of Patents, Henry L. Ellsworth, in the year 1830 conceived the idea of distributing new and improved 928 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. varieties of seed among the farmers of the United States, and from that time lie i)atriotically procnred the seed and distributed it at his own expense until the year 1839, when, upon his recommendation, Con- gress appropriated $1,000, to be taken from the Patent Office funds, foi the purpose of collecting and distributing rare and improved varieties of seeds, and i)rosecuting agricultural investigations and procuring agri- cultural statistics. And from this small beginning, tifty-four years ago, the Seed Division of the Department of Agriculture has grown to its present unwieldy, unnecessary, and extravagant proportions; so that in the year 1892 there was appropriated the sum of 1135,400 for the pur- pose of imrchasing seeds, bulbs, and cuttings for gratuitous distribution. In 1891 the seeds purchased cost, in round numbers, 840,000, while the labor and expenses of i^utting them up and distributing them alone cost the Deijartment $50,075.75. If there ever was a good reason for the original purchase of new and improved varieties of seeds for gratuitous distribution there is certainly now no valid reason for the purchase and distribution of ordinary seeds, bulbs, and cuttings which are common in all the States and Territories, and easily obtainable at low prices by the loeople generally. This is particularly true since the establishment of an experiment station in each State and Territory. These stations, by their very character and name, are the proper agen- cies to experiment with and test new varieties. Each station is pre- sumed to be in charge of a director, of such scientific agricultural training and so well informed as to the requirements of soil, climate, and other environments, that he is esijecially qualified to make the tests to determine the value of each kind. From the first appropria- tion down to the last, the Government of the United States has expended in seed distribution the sum of $3,101,000, an average during fifty-three years of 858,520.75 each year. The dimensions of this distribution of seeds by legislation and legis- lators are made visible in the light of the fact that for this calendar year enough cabbage seed has thus been sent out to plant 1'9,200 acres, a sufficient quantity of beans to plant 4,000 acres, of beets enough to plant 2,500 acres, of sweet-corn to j)lant 7,800 acres, together with enough cucumber seed for 2,025 acres, enough musk and watermelon seed to plant 2,675 acres; and that, altogether, this Department has sent out, in more than nine millions of packages, a sufficient amount of flower and vegetable seeds to plant 89,596 acres of land. That this popular dissemination is regarded altogether as a gratuity, and not of any appreciable advantage, is proved by the failure of any general recognition of benefits by those who have received the packages, notwitlistanding the fact that the instructions of the Department require them to report results. In view of the above facts, this enormous expenditure, without com- pensatory benefits, ought to be abolished. Therefore, looking to its final abolition, more than $100,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 929 1895, lias been stricken from the estimate for this purpose, and tlie $35,000 estimated ought to be couflned strictly to the purchase of new and improved varieties, and even these ought to be distributed only through experiment stations. Thus seed will be tested and found val- uable or otherwise. After the test has been comi)leted by the experiment station the prox^agation of the useful varieties and the rejection of the valueless should be left to the common sense of the people, who will have been informed as to local value and adaptability by the exiieriment station bulletins. An exx)erimei;t is simi^ly a test. It determines that a thing is of value or that it is worthless. There can be no exi)eriment in perpetuity, and this illustrates the fallacy of i)urchasing and distribu- ting, year after year, the ordinary varieties of turnip, cabbage, celery, and other seeds. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, there were paid out by the Department of Agriculture, directly for seeds, 6GG,548.61,' and the remainder of the approiuiation of $130,000 was absorbed in the cost of putting them into packages and delivering them for distribution. And to the above operating expenses of the Seed Division there must be added its fixed charges in the form of statutory salaries, amounting to $13,520, and this swells the annual expenditure to $143,520, The number of packages of seed distributed by the Department for the year 1892 was 7,700,000, and they cost 2 cents apiece, while the average cost of the 9,000,000 packages of seed distributed during the present fiscal year is 1 cent and 4 mills per i^ackage. Out of the appropriation made for seed distribution for the year end- ing June 30, 1894, after all the above detailed work of purchasing and distributing, there will be more than $20,000 covered back into the Treasury of the United States, The following is a comparative statement of seeds purchased in 1892-'93 and 1893-'94, showing an increase in the quantity of seed obtained for each dollar expended during this year, a saving having been effected and an increase in quantity secured in each variety pur- chased: Seeds ])urcJias€d in fiscal years 1S93 and 1894. Corn. Cotton. Beans. Peas. Vegetable seed. Flower seed. Miscella- neous. 1893-'94 1892-93 Bushels. 2, 4C0 2,175 Bushels. GOO 551 Bushels. 2,000 1,940 Bushels. 3, 030 2, 800 Pomids. 135, 635 98, 3GG Pounds. 1, 905 1, 582 Bushels. 165 Increase. - 225 49 60 230 37, 269 323 165 Percentage of increase in quantities purchased in 1S93-94 over 1S92-93. Com 09f Cottoii 08Jr Beans 03 Peas 07i Vegetable seeds 27 Flower seeds 17 Ab. 93 59 930 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. Cost of seed. Total cost of seeds for 1892-'93 $66,022.59 Total cost of seeds for 1893-'94 54, 617. 10 Saving to the Government 11,405.49 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. The amount appropriated for this Bureau for the current fiscal year is $S50jOOO; the estimate for the ensuing year is $700,000. TEXAS FEVER REGULATIOjNS. The reguhitious of 1892 have been enforced during 1893, with slight modifications exempting certain counties in North Carolina, Virginia, and Arkansas from quarantine regulations. The results have been very satisfactory. The large stock yards of the country have kept free from infection. Occasional local outbreaks have been largely such as could liave been effectually guarded against by the owners of the affected cattle. The efficiency of coirtrol would be greatly increased by an amendment to the law imposing a penalty for violation of the regulations promulgated by the Department, by railroad companies transporting infected cattle. EXPORT CATTLE INSPECTED. The total number of inspections made during tke past fiscal year was 011,542. Only one-tenth of the cattle tagged were rejected as not in l)roper condition for export. The exports of live cattle show a falling off of about 25 i)er cent from the i)receding year — a falling off' which occurred entirely in the last half of the year, and which seems to have been due to an increase in the price of American exx)ort cattle. VESSEL INSPECTION. Bureau inspection of cattle-carrying vessels has resulted in a con- tinual reduction in the percentage of losses of animals at sea. The percentage of loss in 1891 was If per cent; in 1892, seven-eighths of^l per cent, and for 1893, forty-seven hundredths, or less than one-half of 1 per cent. INSPECTION OF IMPORT ANIMALS. Tlic total number of animals arriving from Canada during the year and inspected by Bureau officers was 402,092, The total number of animals imported from transatlantic countries was 1,297. No con- tagions diseases Averc found among the imported animals. But it is essential that a law sliouhl be enacted providing for the inspection of horses imported into this country, because they are subject to several contagious diseases, one of which (not indigenous to this country) has already been introduced by importation, which will involve for its eiadication a considerable outlay of money. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 931 INSPECTION OF AMERICAN CATTLE IN GREAT BRITAIN. It is deemed wise to continue this inspection, to learn the condition in wliicli American cattle arrive, tlie extent of losses at sea, and to investigate the alleged cases of pleuro-pneumonia reported by British inspectors. Such allegations have been made in the cases of fifty-four animals during- the year. The diagnosis has in each case been x)ro- nounced incorrect by the inspectors of the Bureau of Animal Industry, and the history of these animals, traced through the record, has clearly shown that no contagious disease existed where the animals had been raised and fed, or where they could have been exposed in transit. CONTAGIOUS PLEURO-PNEU3IONIA. ISTo case of this disease having been discovered in this. country since March 25, 1892, and a careful inspection having been maintained for twelve months thereafter, sufficient to furnish evidence which would remove all apprehension on the part of our own people, and be accepted as perfectly conclusive by foreign governments, it was deemed safe and Judicious, on Apiil 1 of this year, to dismiss the force engaged in this inspection. MEAT INSPECTION. The meat inspection has continued as i:)rescribed in the regulations of March 25, 1891. The extent of the microscopical inspection has, however, been greatly reduced, the intention being to confine it rigidly to products intended for direct export to countries exacting the same. On the other hand, the inspection of all animals, both before and after slaughter, intended for export and for interstate trade, has been insisted upon and regulations regarding this inspection were issued September 13, 1893. So fiir as the microscopic inspection extends it has been made more thorough by insisting upon a donble inspection in order to secure perfectly reliable results. EXPORTS OF INSPECTED PORK. During the year ending June 30, 1892, exports of inspected pork aggregated 38,152,874 pounds. For the year ending June 30, 1893, tlu^^y aggregated but 20,677,410pounds. Exports to countries directly requir- ing inspection were for 1892, 22,025,098 pounds, and for 1>93, 8,059,758 pounds. The falling off in this export trade was not confined, however, to inspected pork, the total quantity exported for 1892 being 665,490,610 pounds, wliile in 1893 it was only 527,308,095 pounds. The decrease is partially accounted for by the high jirices of pork in this country throughout 1893. The microscopic inspection cost the Government 6i per cent on the value of meat sold to the countries which demanded that inspection; and a comj)arison between the amount of meat so in- spected and sold in 1892 to those countries and the amount sold to them in 1893 shows that microscopic inspection has not increased our foreign sales and that it does not pay. 932 RErORT OP THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. ADDITIONAL LEGISLATION. Existiiio- law does not adequatelj^ provide for the authoritative and eifectiial destruction of condemned carcasses. Better provision for this purpose is rendered all the more necessary by the extension of tlie inspection already referred to. In the present law there is noth- ing which prevents the marketing of the carcasses of animals con- demned by the Department, in the State where the animal is killed, nor can the Department follow such diseased carcasses, in the local mar- ket, to i^revent their being shipped and sold outside of the State. The public can be properly xDrotected against the use of such meat only through some legislation compelling the immediate destruction of any animal or carcass condemned by United States inspectors. TUBERCULOSIS. ' ' While contagious pleuro-pneumouia of cattle has been successfully eradicated, the cattle of the country are still afflicted with tuberculosis, a disease widespread and more dangerous to human life than j)leuro- pneumonia. It is essential that the Bureau of Animal Industry should undertake without delay measures looking to its control. Investiga- tions have been made during the past year as to the means of its com- munication and the method of its correct diagnosis. Much progress has been made in this direction hy the studies of the Division of Ani- mal Pathology. The work must now be extended, in cooperation with local authorities, until the danger to human life has been reduced to a minimum. MALADIE DU COIT. « The insi)ectors of the Bureau have been remarkably successful in combating a disease of the horse known as dourine or maladie du coit, of which an extensive outbreak occurred during the last year in Nebraska and South Dakota. CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION OF INSPECTORS. In this connection it is recommended that hereafter each applicant for the i)Osition of inspector or assistant inspector in the Bureau of Animal Industry be required, as a condition precedent to his appoint- ment, to exhibit to the United States Civil Service Commission his diploma from an established, regular, and reputable veterinary college, and then submit to such an examination in veterinary science as that Commission may x)rescribe; and no one failing to i)ass that examination shall be eligible to either of the afore-named positions. And, further- more, it is advised that all the inspectors now in the service be required to pass through the same ordeal, namely, to show their diplomas and submit to a civil service examination. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 933 DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. The amount aiiproijriated for this division for the current fiscal year is $29,800, which amount remains unchanged in the estimates for the ensuing year. Satisfactory experiments with remedies against the spread of the hop plant-louse have been made in Oregon and Washington. Consid- erable damage has been reported in several sections by a destructive grasshopper of nonmigratory form. A bulletin was widely circulated containing remedial suggestions, which resulted in prompt measures being taken and much damage averted. Arrangements have been made for an investigation, by a resident of Japan, of insects injurious to agriculture in that country*, particularly of those which would be likely to be introduced into this country. A request was made recently, by the State board of Massachusetts, that the Secretary of Agricul- ture should further the efforts of the board in getting Congressional appropriations to aid them in fighting the gypsy moth. There did not, however, seem to be sufl&cient justification for such assistance, and it was accordingly refused. At the same time the Department cheerfully tenders all legitimate cooperation in the work, and is ready, as in the past, to give the board the benefit of its best efforts and exi^erience. Reports of occurrences of the pernicious scale at Charlottesville, Va., have reached the Dei^artment. This is the first appearance of this insect on the Atlantic coast of the United States, and calls for i^rompt educational cooperation on the part of this Department, and this has accordingly been freely tendered. The Entomologist, Prof. Eiley, strongly recommends, as part of the work for this fiscal year, an attempt to introduce the Caprifig insect from Smyrna into California, and to introduce from Ceylon the giant bee of India; therefore, the inter- ested attention of truit-growers in southern California, and of bee- keepers in the several States is directed in a special manner to these suggestions. DIVISION OF ORNITHOLOGY AND MAMMALOGY. The amount appropriated for this division for the current fiscal year is $27,300, which amount remains unchanged in the estimates for the ensuing year. The efforts of this division have been directed toward completing investigations begun several years ago, and the preparations of results for publication. Two economic bulletins have been published — Hawks and Owls of the United States, and Prairie Ground Squirrels of the Mississippi Yalley. These last probably cause more injury to crops in the United States than any other mammals except the pocket gophers. Many mai)S were i)repared showing a detailed geographical distribution of mammals and birds. The United States is practically divided into a definite number of belts or zones, each one characterized by the pres- 934 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. eiice of certain animals and i)lants, tbns intimating what normal agri- cultnral products eacli zone is best fitted to produce. The division is engaged in tracing these various zones across tlie continent, and in the prei>aration of large scale maps showing boundaries in dilierent colors. These maps will illustrate to the farmer the location of his farm with reference to the life zone in which it lies, thus giving him a key to the crops most likely to succeed. Biological surveys began in 1889 have been continued the i)reseut season and carried across the State of" Wyoming. Other field work has been instituted in California, Oregon, Utah, Kevada, the Dakotas, Nebraska, Kansas, and Colorado, with special reference to the determination of the northern boundary of the zone known as the Uj)pcr Sonoran. The report of the Death Valley Expedition has been published, and the bulletin on the Common Crow is now ready for the printer. DIVISION OF BOTANY. Tlie sum appropriated for this di\asion for the current fiscal year is $38,600; the estimated expenditures for the next year are §33,G00. During the present year the series of forage experiments, both in the subarid lauds of the West and in the humid region of the Gult States, have been concluded and final reports on them arenow in prepara- tion. The importance of the results attained in the experimental culti- vation of crops without irrigation, at Garden City, Kans., has been more accentuated during the present season than ever before. The wheat and Indian corn crop of western Kansas and adjacent regions for the present season has been, as Is well known, almost a total failure, so much so indeed that in many quarters not enough grain has been pro- duced to sufiice for next years sowing. In the midst of these condi- tions the Jerusalem corn on the experiment farm has now a good stand and a luxuriant growth, promising a yield of 20 to 40 bushels per acre. This product is an admirable substitute for Indian corn, and from i^resent experience in feeding, it promises to be quite as I)alatable to stock. In the forage experiments Hungarian brome has been demonstrated to be clearly superior to all other forage plants thus far tried in the subarid regions. With a rainfall from January 1 to September 1 of 8 inches (more than half of which fell during the month of July) this grass produced a crop of hay, estimated at one ton per acre, greedily eaten by stock and of high nutritive value. For the future work of the Division of Botany there are-contem- l>lated, in addition to a continuation of the lu'esent work of tlie division, certain lines of investigation in connection with the herbarium, for which there is urgent demand. One such line of work is the mainte- nance of a seed collection to contain seeds of all weeds and cultivated plants, as well as those of our wild species which are eaten by birds and aniumls. Such a collection in the hands of an expert is required REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 935 to enable the Department to answer inquiries regarding the purity of seeds jmt on the market by dealers, the detection of weed seeds in grain samples, the identification of the vegetable contents of bird-stomachs, the detection of adulterations in many commercial products, and other questions of a similar nature. In other lines also it is pro- posed to develop and make use of the economic side of the herbarium, taking up botanical work, witli which State exx)erinieut stations are not' in a position to deal. A card catalogue of the botanical library of the Department of Agriculture has been completed, to which are now being added titles of all botanical works accessible in the other libraries of Washington. Several collectors have been employed during the season, confining their work ])rincipally to the arid and subarid portions of the West. DIVISION OF VEGETABLE PATHOLOGY. The sum appropriated fi^r this division for the current fiscal year is $25,600; this sum remains unchanged in the estimates for next year. The work of this division has been divided about equally between the laboratory and the field. In the laboratory a number of diseases aflecting fruits, grains, and other useful plants have been studied. The field work has covered improvement of machinery used in spray- ing, the determination of the i)roper time or times for applying fungi- cides, and the trial of substances known or supposed to have fungicidal value. Another important branch of this work is the improvement of cultural methods with a view of preventing diseases, thereby enabling plants to be grown to the highest state of perfection. The scattered nature of the literature ou fungicides has made it desirable to bring together in convenient shape all ]}ossible informa- tion on the subject. With this object in view more than 1,500 foreign and domestic references were secured during the year, 700 of which have been consulted in the original, and critically reviewed. This mat- ter, together with the published and unpublished data of the division, will form the basis of a bulletin that will include a discussion of tlie chemistry and toxicology of the more important fungicides, together with a critical resume of tlie facts bearing on the fungicidal value of the various substances now en)ployed as remedies for plant diseases. Tlie diseases of citrous fruits and other subtropical plants have been studied during the year by two assistants stationed in Florida. The horticulturists of that State have greatly aided' the investigations by their hearty support. Several orange-growers have given parts of their groves for experiments, and the citizens of Eustis have erected a six- room, one-story laboratory, and given it to the division for its exclusive use. This has very materially aided in enabling the appropriation available to be applied wholly to the purchase of the actual means of study, and to meeting the expenses of field experiments. A i)lat of 2 acres lying near the laboratory has been established as an experimental 936 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. garden. The laboratory was furnislied early last spring, and since then the studies of the various diseases of citrous fruits have been pushed as rapidly as possible. There are four principal diseases of the orange and lemon now being investigated. They cause an aggregate annual loss of fully $250,000. All of these maladies are of an obscure nature, but it is claimed that the investigations already made have thrown very considerable light on three of them and render an intelligent trial of remedies possible. The fourth disease, the orange blight, although one of the most destructive, is stil] very imperfectly understood, but it is hoped that the greatly increased facilities aiforded by the laboratory will render it possible to discover the cause and the remedy for the disease. The causes affecting the fruitfulness of pears and apples have been made the subject of further study. The important discovery, made incidentally while investigating the effects of the transmission of dis- ease germs through the flowers by bees and other insects, that many of our common varieties of i)ears are incapable of self-fertilization, was pointed out last year. At the same time attention was also called to the fact that this discovery exi)lained why large blocks of single vari- eties of pears often failed to bear satisfactory crops, even though the flowers were abundant and all other conditions excepting those insur- ing cross-fertilization were present. In order to obtain additional evi- dence on tills point, the experiments made in 1892 were repeated the past season, the work being carried on at Eochester, E". Y., and Parry, IST. J. The results of this work verify the conclusions obtained in pre- vious years, shoAving that to insure the highest fruitfulness pear and ai)ple orchards should consist of mixed varieties. Where large blocks of pears have failed to fruit through lack of cross-fertilization the trouble may be remedied by top-grafting with a different variety to supply the necessary iDolleu. A bulletin containing a full account of the work, together with the results obtained, is now ready for the printer. The work in California has been continued along practically the same lines as in previous years. The vine disease has been made the subject of special study, and, in addition, several maladies of other fruits have been under investigation. The rust of i)rune leaves, a very troublesome disease in some sections, has been successfully combated by spraying. The blighting or blasting of grape flowers, commonly known as coulure, has been studied in the northern part of the State. This trouble, which is often due to constitutional defects in the vine, frequently causes the loss of the entire crop. During the year a series of exi)eriments in crossing and hybridizing the vine was carried on in the hoi)e that by this means varieties free from coulure might be obtained. The year has brought to a close the experiments with fertilizers for the prevention and cure of peach yellows. This work, covering a period of four years, was carried on in the heart of the great peach region of I REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 937 the Maiyland and Delaware peninsula. The results, which have been imhlished in full in Bulletin No. 4 of this division, show, it is claimed, conclusively, that the disease can not be prevented or cured by apply- ing to the soil any of the well-known plant foods. Thousands of dol- lars have been sj^ent by growers every year upon fertilizers and other so-called remedies of a similar nature, and it is believed the results of the investigations made by the division will result beneficially in checking useless expenditure. Since the completion of the fertilizer work the special agent in charge of the investigations has been able to devote more time to laboratory researches into the causes of the -disease. Laboratory investigations and field experiments, having in view the discovery of a natural means of infection, have also been under way. So far yellows is only known to be communicated by budding, but all the facts at hand indicate that the disease may have the power of sx)reading in other ways. The experiments in the treatment of wheat rust, begun in 1S91, have been continued; the results of the fli*st season's work, covering the treatment of seed and soil separately and combined, si)raying the plants at various intervals, etc., were published in the early part of the year. During the past season the work was wholly confined to spraying the plants, it having been shown by the i^revious year's labors that the seed and soil treatments were worthless, so far as the preven- tion of rust was concerned. DIVISION or POMOLOGY. The sum appropriated for this division for the current fiscal year is $11,300,' this sum remains unchanged in the estimates for next year. The work of this division has included and concluded the collection of fruit models and edible nuts, which has been on exhibition at the World's Fair during the summer. The importance of the subjects illus- trated and the measure of success attained have justified the labor applied. Nearly 1,000 models of fruits, comprising 025 varieties, and more than 300 packages of wild and cultivated nuts, compose the col- lection. If provision is made for the gradual and j udicious enlargement of this collection it may afford a means of determining the range of climatic variation in our cultivated fruits. The economic work has included the identification of specimens sent by growers for that purpose. The collection of models, in addition to its scientific value, has been found an effective help in the work, and it is believed that the accuracy and reliability of this branch of the work of the division is increasing. An examination of the ofiice records shows that about three-fourths of the specimens sent for this purpose have been scientifically identified. During the year more than one hundred new varieties not previously described have been received for examination, and have been reported on as to their value for propaga- tion and introduction. 938 liEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. The preparation of reports for publication on tlie culture 'of difierent fruits has been intermittently continued. Current work is urgent and imperative, owing to the perisliablc nature of the specimens received and the importauce of immediate and full replies to inquiries. The bulletin on nut culture is ready for puidication; that on small fruits is well under way, and the tabulation of replies to the circulars on apple culture, of which several thousand were sent to apple-growers during two previous years, has commenced. The preparation of the revised catalogue of American fruits has been continued, this duty having been entrusted to a jiroperly qualified special agent. It is believed that the work can be comj^leted during the coming year. The monograph on the grai)e yet remains unpub- lished, DIVISION OF GARDENS AND GROUNDS. The sum appropriated for this division for the current fiscal year is $34:,000; the estimated expenditures for next year are $32,000. Tliis division is charged with the care of the thirty-five acres of grounds of the Department. It has supervision also of the glass structures, which cover a space of about three-fourths of an acre and are well filled with plants. A considerable area under glass is devoted to the iwopagation and growt-h of plants for distribution throughout the United States and for exchange with foreign countries. The super- intendent determines any questions relative to practical horticulture, floriculture, fruit-growing interests, and economic gardening and gar- den architecture that may be submitted to the Department. The following plants were distributed during the- i^ast year: Straw- berries, 30,100; grapes, native and foreign, 15,000; olives, 2,731; cam- l>hor, 2,09G; figs, 3,000; miscellaneous, consisting in part of oranges, currants, loquats, vanilla, black pepper, and various semitropical plants, 2,875; tea, 2,G90; coffee, 710; raspberries, 422; and pineapples, 57(). In all, upwards of 00,000 plants. Applications for plants are often bewildering, enumerating ]dants indigenous in all the zones of the globe, embracing the most northern and the most tropical of si^ecies, to be tested j)erhaps in localities where but few of them could live, and of such extensive variety that no single plant establishment in the world could furnish them. Bequests of this kind involve considerable explanatory correspondence which can not be avoided. And while an efibrt is made to meet all reasonable de- mands in this direction, the Department exercises discrimination as lo the liinds of plants sent out, availing itself of the experience gained by testing the hardiness and other qualities of plants previous to their distribution. In the Southern St-ates, where many species of semitropical plants maybe successfully cultivated, a great desire is manifested to experi- ment with crops the culture of which has not hitherto become general. This desire increases proportionately as aknowJedge of the benefits to REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 939 be derived from diversified culture grows. There is much inquiry as to the olive aud the figj and of these good collections are maintained, and many thousands are annually propagated aud sent to regions best fitted for their growth. DIVISION OF FORESTRY. The amount appropriated for this division for the current fiscal year is §27,820; the estimate for the ensuing year is $29,820. The condition of the forestry industry in this country still remains markedly unsatisfactory. Under our present system the efforts of the Forestry Division of this Deiiartment are restricted to purely educa- tional work, and this has been carried on for over fifteen years without perceptibly abating wasteful lumbering and destructive fires, which are destroying our primitive forest supplies and inflicting permanent injury upon the lumber interests aud seriously menacing agriculture. With all due allowance for the absence of verifiable statistics, it may be safely asserted that the yearly wood consumption in the United States is twice as great as our estimated forest area is capable of producing annually. In this connection it must be noted that the Forestry Divi- sion has not been sufficiently endowed to undertake the task of collect- ing reliable statistics as to the consumption and growth of wood mate- rial and the prospects of supply and demand, whicli should form the basis of a wise government policy. Meantime supplies are waning and proofs are accumulating of the malign influence of deforestation. The policy of setting aside forest reservations from the public domain — a policy far too long delayed but now happily inaugurated aud apply- ing to a total area of 17,000.000 acres — should be folloAved by a well- considered sui)ervision of the same, aud the remaining timber lands on the public domain should be withdrawn from disposal. Without forests to take care of or power to shape the forest policy of the country, his Department can only suggest i)lans for a more rational treatment of our forest resources. In the absence of appropriations justifying statistical inquiry, atten- tion was turned to the scientific side of the forestry problem by this division. The main expenditure of funds has been in the investigation of the timbers of the United States, as to their strength and mechani- cal properties, when grown under varying climate and in diil'erent soils. This work has been carried out, so far, in a way which has elicited favorable comment from competent critics at home and abroad. The investigation of the long-leaf pine demonstrates that the bleeding of this tree for turpentine is not injurious to the quality of its timber. This discovery has enhanced the value of the forests so treated in the Southern States by several million dollars. Legislation is furthermore earnestly recommended v\"hich shall i)reserve forest reservations and provide for a rational disposal of ripe timber, on Government lands, similar to that contemplated by House bill No. 119, Fifty-third Con- gress, amendment of section 24. 940 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. Wliile recognizing the differences between our system and tliat of European countries wliicli are successfully applying methods of forest administration inapplicable to the United States, we must, neverthe- less, turn to those that have made forest administration a success for suggestions, and theEepublic of Switzerland is commended as furnish- ing the most practical economic data in this particular. It is not inappropriate to call attention to an act to repeal timber-cul- ture laws, and for other purposes, approved March 3, 1891, and to sug- gest further legislation, if it be deemed necessary, to properly construe section 21 of that act, which authorizes the President of the United States to " set apart and reserve, in any State or Territory having x)ublic land bearing forests, in any x)art of the i^ublic lands wholly or in x)art covered with timber or undergrowth, whether of commercial value or not, as public reservations, and the President shall, by j)ublic procla- mation, declare the establishment of such reservations and the limits thereof." IMembers of the American Forestry Association, and all other citizens interested in the conservation of woodlands aud the reafforestation of denuded areas of lands not suitable to tillage, will be pleased to read in "Dankleman's Zeitschrift, September, 1893," the deserved comx^liment which the reviewer of the United States timber examination work (insti- tuted by B. E. Fernow, in charge of forestry interests) has unreservedly awarded this Department. The judgment of Mr. Fernow's work in this division, in his scientific investigation of the several varieties of timber, as to strength, durability, and general utility, in relation to the condi- tions of growth, is all the more valuable because the gentleman who gives it, is himself in charge of forestry work of a' similar character for the Prussian Government. And it is, therefore, a matter of congratula- tion, among all those who realize the importance of forestry work in the United States, to read the following unequivocal and merited commenda- tion of the work of this division in the Agricultural Department: This plau of work is as remarkable for its scope as for conbSstent jiursuit of an emincutly practical result. Although Germauy has accomplished a great deal in some directions of this field, especially in investigating the laws of growth and wood structure, Ave are yet far from having such a comprehensive and indispensable knowledge even of our most im^iortant timbers. We must admit, with a certain sense of humiliation, that the Americans show us what it is we really ought to know, and that they have already by far surpassed us in the elaborate organization for these investigations. If, in less than a decade, Americans have in a forestry si3ecialty sur- passed Germany, why can not we a generation hence rejoice in the most efficient forestry system of the world ? And can the result be reached in a popular government through other than educational institutions, beginning with the common schools? And to initiate a tree-conserv- ing and tree-T)lantiug crusade that shall be efficient and benignant will be the constant aim of this Department. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OP AGRICULTURE. 941 OFFICE OF FIBER INVESTIGATIONS. The a];)propriatioii for this division for the current fiscal year is $5,000. Interesting experiments in the culture of flax have been made the pres.eiit season under direction of the Department in the State of Washington. Eesults have been equally as satisfactory as in the case of flax experiments in Oregon in 1891. The excellence of the strawj as sho^Yn in the samples received, promises well for the future of the flax industry. The importance of its development in our own country is indicated in the steady decline in flax production abroad, which in time must lead to a large increase in the price of flax and linen products imported. Flax grown in Minnesota in the past year and manufactured for this Department in one of the largest mills in the East was declared by experts i)rcferable to the same grade of imi^orted flax. Inventions in the line of labor-saving iuachinery in flax culture have been stimulated by the prominence given to flax-growing in the past few years by this Department. Xo oi)portunity has as yet been afforded to test these machines practically and pronounce upon their economic merits. In connection with our flax industry, the United States consul-gen- eral at Frankfort, Germany, recently presented a report containing facts full of interest to our flax-i:»roducers. He states that during the year 1892 Germany imported over G0,000 tons of raw flax fiber, which was utilized by thirteen large spinneries. Over 55,000 tons came from Russia, which country, it seems, also exports largely to England and Belgium, indicating a demand for the raw fiber in these countries. Germany admits this product free of duty; and owing to the dif- ferences on the question of the tariff existing between Germany and Russia, the consul pertinently suggests the i^ossibility of the flax-seed growers of the United States, who now throw away immense quantities of the straw, utilizing it by taking the trouble necessary to save and prepare it for export. It is more tlian probable that in certain sections of this country, and at the expense of a little time and trouble, the flax straw now wasted may be so saved as to compete with the Russian flax straw in the markets of Germany, England, and Belgium. The interest in ramie continues and the cultivation of jute is attracting a great deal of attention. The possibility of the i)roduction of these fibers in certain sections has been demonstrated, but further experiment is needed to settle the question of cost of production and machinery for cleaning. As an evidence of the value of the bulletins issued from this office upon the fiber question, it may be stated that some of them have been published privately, others by State legisla- tion, while one has been translated into Spanish and rej)ublished in South America. 942 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OP AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY. The amount appropriated for tliis division for tlie current fiscal year is 859.000; tlie amount estimated as required for tlie ensuing year, $-12,000. DOMESTIC SUGAR. PRODUCTION. The*work in connection with sugar-beet production duiiug the past year almost proves the adai)tal)ility of vast sections of this country for this braucli of modern agriculture. For the first time in tliis country a crop of sugar beets has been grown from domestic seed pro- duced under the most rigid scientific culture. That crop has been highly satisfactory. The continuance of experiments with sugar beets is recommended by the chief of this division in order to verify the opinions, which, in his judgment, are already justifiably formed. The experiments in sorghum sugar may, it is believed, be discontinued, the results of experiments ahx^ady made leaving apx)arently nothing more for the Federal Government to undertake. A stage is now reached when individual enteri)rise can and should take advantage of what the Department has accomplished. Experiments with the sugar cane in Florida seem to justify the expectation that the latitude and climate of the lower portion of that peninsula are adapted to the ])roduction of a cane that will compete succet^sfally with the Cuban variety. Further experiments seem to be necessary to determine whether any deficiency in the soil may be eco- nomically supplied, and for this reason their continuance for another year is recommended on the advice of Prof. Wiley, chief of the division. INT^ESTIGATION OF FOOD ADULTERATIONS. Eesults of investigations directly invite the recommendation that Avhenever food i)reservatives are used in the preparation of canned goods the fact should be stated on the can, leaving the responsibility of consumption to rest upon the purchaser. In the absence of a law controlling the manufacture of adulterated commodities and leaving the investigation of samples to the discretion of the Secretary of Agricul- ture, it has been concluded to limit the investigation to samples ofl'ered by purchasers or consumers, thus avoiding any unjust discrimination between the manufacturers of edible commodities. SOIL INVESTIGATIONS. An investigation into the chemical character of dilferent t^'pical soils of the United States is desirable. It will determine the best manner of analyses and teach t^lieir practical utility. The sum of $3,000 has, therefore, been estimated for the ensuing fiscal year "to enable the Secretary of Agriculture to uiidertake a special investigation of the difierent typical soils of the United States to determine their chemical character, their physical properties, and especially the nature of the nitrifying organisms which they contain." REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 943 DIVISION OF MICROSCOPTf. TIic appropriation for tliis division for the current fiscal year is $0,700; the estimate for the ensuiug year is §7,300. Supplying- information to farmers and otliers in relation to the cul- ture of muslirooms has occupied the attention of the division the past year. The principal work of the division for the coming year -vfill he the investigation of the cotton of various countries, ascertaining tlie relative length, elasticity, tensile strength, and diameter of fiber. It is claimed that a discovery has recently been made in this division regarding the crystallization of the glycerides of fatty acids, particu- larly of the medical and edible .seed oils by which it is believed that adulterations of seed oils will hereafter be more easily detected. It is probable that in the near future the work now assigned to this division can be divided between the Divisions of Botany and Vegetable Pathology, audits accomplishment provided for by only slightly increas- ing the appropriations of these divisions. OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. The apiwopriation for this Office for the current fiscal year is $25,000 ; and the. same sum is estimated for next year. The princii)al work of the Director of the Office of Experiment Sta- tions and his assistants is the examination of the work of agricultural experiment stations in the United States and other countries, and the col- lection and publication of data regarding investigations for the informa- tion of station workers and those interested in the colleges of agricul- ture. The wide extent of agricultural research is shown by the fact that there are now 320 experiment stations iu operation in the different countries of the world, and the number and importance of the publica- tions issued by them are increasing. The task of keeping thoroughly informed of their Avork and of supplying information regarding them is a formidable one. Twenty-three documents, aggregating nearly 2,000 pages, have been issued from the Office during the past year, including the fourth volume ol" the Experiment Station Eecord, which contains abstracts from 321 reports of American stations, 71 publications of this Department, and 190 abstracts from foreign works. Leading foreign specialists have contributed resumes to this volume. Its index is practical, and extends to the work of agricultural experiments throughout the world for the current year. INUTRITIVE VALUE OF FOODS FOR 3IAN. Investigations as to food values in this country have thus far related almost exclusively to improvenumts in the kinds and culture of crops and to their use as food for domestic animals. It is both desirable and practical that questions relating to the use of our agricultural products 944 EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. as food for man slioukl also be considered. A suggestive article sub- mitted by Mr. Ed\vard Atkinson, regarding tlie establisbment of food laboratories in connection with tlie experiment stations for tliis j)\\v- pose, was recently published by this Department. The work of collating information regarding the methods and results of such food investigations at home and abroad has already been under- taken by this Department. This information will serve as a basis for further studies by such stations as have the j)roper equix^ment of men and resources for this work. None others should attempt it. In furtherance of this line of inquiry an appropriation of $10,000 has been recommended " to enable the Secretary of Agriculture to investi- gate and report upon the nutritive value of the various articles and commodities used for human food, with Sjpecial suggestions of full, wholesome, and edible rations, less wasteful and more economical than those in common use, $10,000 j and he is hereby authorized to require, free of charge to him from such agricultural experiment stations as he may select, services in the chemical analysis of such food material to an amount in cost from any one station [of] not exceeding $500." OFFICE OF IRRIGATION INQUIRY. The appropriation for this division for the current fiscal year is $0,000; the estimate for the ensuing year is $8,000. The final report, in four parts, of the work of this office upon arte- sian and underflow investigation, was brought to a conclusion and printed last year. Since then the division has collected and published an abstract of all the important laws of the several States and Territo- ries on irrigation and water rights. This iiublication has been issued as Bulletin No. 1 of this division. The division has continued the collection of methods and results ot irrigation, as practiced successfully in the States and Territories of the arid regions. This work will be continued and extended to cover the simplest method of accurate water measurement, the proper quantity of water needed for each kind of crop raised, and an investigation into the adaptability of the best m.echanical appliances for the iDurposes of the irrigation farmer. GOOD ROADS. The Fifty-second Congress made an approx)riation for the purpose of investigating practical methods for the improvement of the public roads of the United States, and in accordance with that enactment, Gen. Eoy Stone, of New York, recognized as a superior civil engi- neer, and thoroughly identified with the popular movement toward the improvement of the highways in the several States, has been placed in charge of the inquiry. It will be thoroughly pursued in the direc- tion indicated by Congress, but it is too early to deduce any conclu- sions as to possible results. Necessarily some months must elapse REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 945 before a sufficient volaine of evidence from each of the several States can be obtained upon which to base any intelh'gent report as to possi- bilities or probabilities in road imiirovements. In any event, it seems now that the only efficient service which the Department can render to the people in this regard will be in the collection and distribution of practical knowledge and suggestions. Therefore, for the ensuing yearthe same sum ($10,000) is estimated as needed to continue the inves- tigation, if Congress deems it expedient or desirable. DIVISION OF ILLUSTRATIONS. This division prei)ared for the World's Fair an extensive exhibit of original drawings and i)aintiugs of illustrations which have appeared in the publications of this Department during the past fifteen years; it alsoexhibited the different methods employed in reproducing oiu' illustra- tions — wood-engraving, photo process, audchromo-lithography. During the year the division completed 503 plates of illustrations, containing upward of 900 figures; 107 of these x)lates were water-color paintings, 30 of which were of large size. These illustrations represent work for twelve divisions of the Department, and include also the special work for the exhibit at the Fair. The work has been satisfactory, and covers every line of illustrative art. In the interest of efficiency and economy a reorganization in the working force of the division has been recom- mended, looking to increased efficiency at a reduced cost. DIVISION O? RECORDS AND EDITING. The appropriation for this division for the current fiscal year is $6,300 ; the estimate for the ensuing year is $8,500. During the first nine months of the current year the division of records and editing handled sixty-six jmblications, representing nearly 5,000 printed pages, exclusive of maps, charts, circulars, reprints, and jmblications issued by the Weather Bureau from its own printing office. Reprints have been ordered during this jieriod of twenty-six publica- tions, and the cost of the printing as charged or estimated for by the Public Printer has been for the nine mouths $43,229.14. Of pubhca- tions printed by order of Congress, prepared in the Department and handled in this division, there have been, in addition to the above, four publications aggregating 1,223 pages, and the whole number of copies of these several publications aggregate over 2,027,000. Estimates of cost of i)ublicatious, now in the hands of the Public Printer, but incom- plete, aggregate over $0,000. The enormous amount of printing devolving upon the Department, and the great increase thereof during the past four or five years, shows conclusively that the vicious jirincij^le of i)romiscuous free distribution of i)ublications must be abandoned, and only a certain limited number thereof furnished free to libraries and educational institutions, and the remainder sold at a moderate price. The Secretary of Agriculture Ab. 03 GO 946 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. slioukl be autliorizccl to dispose of tlie plates to piiblisliers, iiiuTer suit- able restrictions as to prices to be charged, sucli sale to confer copy- right privileges upon the purchaser. It should be stated that the yearly average cost of t\ie priutiug and binding for this Department, exclusive of the Annual Eeport of the Secretary, the Annual Eeport of the Weather Bureau, and the Annual Keporfc of the Bureau of Animal Industry, and of such other bulletins or reports as may be ordered by special resolutions of Congress, is about $80,000. DOCUMENT AND FOLDING ROOM. The appropriation for this division for the current fiiscal year is $10,400^ the estimate for the ensuing year is $11,000. Just as the farmer may properly plow, carefully cultivate, and snc- cessfiilly mature a bountiful harvest, and then lose the results of all his labor by having no proper places in which to garner them, so the Department of Agriculture, no matter how efficiently its various divi- sions may have made their investigations, nor how promptly they may have been published, may become absolntely useless if its educational and didactic documents are not skillfnliy folded and with celerity sent out to the general public. As an ahnanac ten years old is valueless for the practical purposes of to-day, so many of the bulletins upon special- ties connected with agriculture, pomology, and the Bureau of Animal Industry, are comj)aratively useless to the people unless placed in their hands with the utmost dispatch. In view of these facts, the force in the Document and Folding Eooni has been thorouglily reorganized, and it is now so systematized that a citizen calling there aiid inquiring for any publication ever issued by the Department of Agriculture, can secure the same (if any copies are remaining) without delay. Hereafter each j)ublication will be circu- lated as soon as it is issued, and no delay will be tolerated and no dis- tribution deferred. The gentleman in charge of the Document and Folding Eoom was selected exclusively because he had been foreman in a trade circular addressing company for many years, and under his immediate supervision a large force had been employed, which eacli month mailed millions of documents to the public. THE AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY. The appropriation for the library for the current fiscal year is $3,0005 the estimate for the ensuing year is $6,000. Even those who are the most sensitive as to the invasion of the economic domain by statutes admit that in the proper protection of property, liberty, and life, a government should in every practicable manner facilitate the education of its citizens. Therefore the estimates for the i:)urchase of useful boolis for the library of the Department of Agriculture have been increased for this year $3,000. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE, 947 Two copies of every voliiine copyrigUtcd in tlie United States are, under existing law, i)laced with tlie Librarian of Congress. Therefore he has duplicates of each work upon agriculture thus far copj-righted in the United States. It is suggested that Congress enact that its librarian transfer to the library of this Department one copy of each of the works bearing upon agriculture, horticulture, forestry, pomology, botany, and kindred topics now in his possession or that may come into his Inmds hereafter under copyright law. This would, without additional cost to the Government, and much to the depletion of the present inutility of duxdicate books in the Congressional Library, add a great many valuable volumes to the agricultural literature of this Department. THE WORLD'S FAIR. The World's Fair at Chicago was an exhibit of the civilization of all the centuries condensed. In a single illuminated volume it presented the fancies, the facts, the aspirations, and the achievements of humanity since it began a civilized career. Under the direction of the Hon. Edwin Willits, who will in the near future, as Assistant Secretarj-ofthe Department of Agriculture, report thereon, this Department made a most complete and useful exhibit in each of the specialties represented by its several divisions. It is expected that the property belonging to this Department, which has been on exhibition at Chicago during the past summer, will be restored to its proper place before the 1st day of January, 1891. The $148,000 allotted to this Department for the purpose of making its exhibit at the World's Fair will have been nearly exhausted when the expense of repacking and returning shall have been liquidated, though it is i)ossible that there may remain a few thousand dollars to be cov- ered back into the Treasury of the United States. MORE ROOM. The Department of Agriculture has with surprising speed outgrown the domicile allotted to it at birth. More room in better buildings, with fire-proof apartments, is sorely needed. The Division of Botany has collections of plants and herbariums of a value of $150,000, and in case of their destruction they could not be replaced even at that cost. The Division of Forestry has likewise a valuable assortment of tested woods for which there is no parallel in the Avorld. This also, in case ot conflagration, would be quickly and totally lost. The Bureau of Animal Industr^^, in its laboratory and elsewhere, has a vast volume of valuable veterinary material which is in practical use for the illustrations and verifications in animal pathology from day to day. It has cost, besides large pecuniary outlay, years of patient research by the best trained A'eterinarians and investigators of bacte- riology. Its loss to the animal iiulustry of the country could not be 948 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. repaired in a decade, not even witli a government treasury to stimulate speed in the work of restitution. But it is needless to enumerate tlie values entrusted to each division which — from Entomology to that of Disbursements and Accounts — are the result of diligent study and years of practical labor and trained experience. The Department is, from its museum to its garret, crowded with useful, beautiful, rare, and valuable results of the scientific labors which have been i)ersistently pursued during the last twenty-five years by learned chiefs in its several divisions. In view of the foregoing facts stands the demand for new buildings ample to accommodate safely the Department of this time and the de- veloped Department of a century not yet born. And yet no appropria- tion for a commodious and permanent home in which to locate this Department can be reasonably asked in a i^eriod of depressed business and diminished revenue. But plans and specifications for a properly devised and durably constructed building or buildings might possibly be provided — in the interest of economy — at no distant day. "WEATHER BUREAU. The appropriations for this Bureau for the current fiscal year aggre- gate $951,100 j the estimated expenditures for the ensuing year amount to $854,223.00. During the i)ast year the work of the Weather Bureau has been car- ried on with improved efficiency and economy. The reduction in cost of maintenance is nearly 10 per cent. The estimates for the fiscal year have been correspondingly reduced, with the confident expectation that, while more economically administered, the service will continue to improve in usefulness. A general reorganization of the Bureau has been jiartially efi'ected. It is intended to modify expenses and magnify the value of the service to agriculture, commerce, and the people at large. FORECASTS. The attention of the employees of the Weather Bureau has been fixed more strongly than ever before upon the work of forecasting as the primary duty of the Bureau to the i)ublic. The former Forecast Boom, Telegraph Division, and Eiver and Flood Koom have been con- solidated in the Forecast Division and i)laced in charge of the assist- ant chief of the Bureau, Maj.-H. H. C. Dunwoody, of the U. S. Army. The suiierintendence of the Wind Signal Display Stations and of the Lake Marine Section has also been intrusted to this division. The staff of foreeastofficialshas been assigned to this division, and duringthe months in which they are not on official forecast duty they are required to make daily, for practice, complete forecasts from the a. m. map, employ- ing the remainder of their time in the investigation and preparation of reports upon practical meteorological i^roblems. It is expected that REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 949 these reports, several of which liave been completed, will be of great valuoas practical aids to forecasting. The system of giving each of the local forecast officials in the serv- ice a two months' course of instruction at this office in the prepara- tion of the charts in use here and in making forecasts for the whole countrj^, for practice, has been continued. Arrangements have been made with the Liglit-IIouse Board and the Superintendent of the Life-Saving Service whereby the keepers of light-houses and life-saving stations on the Atlantic coast will tele- graph this Bureau during the hurricane season the occurrence of heavy ocean swells or other signs of the approach of hurrici^nes to our coast, these officials being exceptionally well located for this purpose. During the hurricane that struck our Southern coast in the latter part of August, 1893, a report of a heavy ocean swell off Tybee Island, forwarded by telegraph by the observer at Savannah, was the earliest intimation of its approach. The Eiver and Flood Service has been reorganized by putting the making of the forecasts of river stages and changes in the hands of experienced observers at the principal river stations, assigning to each one to forecast a section of the river, or rivers, in his vicinity. These observers are furnished with all the available data of the rivers during previous floods, and directed to carefully study the same. They receive daily telegraphic reports of the stages of the rivers and amount of rainfall throughout their sections. These reports with their own experi- ence and rules of practical value in river forecasting will, it is thought, enable them to make more precise predictions than were made under the old system. The efficiency of the storm-warning system on the Great Lakes has been increased by the establishment of six display stations, and decided progress has been made in the work of ascertaining and charting the set of the lake currents. A very large number of bottles have beeu floated during this season for this purpose, and a preliminary current chart has been prepared and is in process of publication. The investigation of the meteorological conditions that prevail over the Great Lakes has also been greatly extended. Over one hundred new voluntary observers have been secured from among the masters of lake vessels. The collection of the data in relation to the currents and meteorology of the Great Lakes has entailed very little expense upon the Government. It will prove of great value to tlie lake marine. In making telegraph contracts for the liscal year a reduction of about 15 per cent was obtained on rates for the Weather Bureau. The construction of lines of telegraph and submarine cables from Alpena, Mich., to Thunder Bay and Middle Island, in Lake Huron, as authorized by act of Congress, was completed July 13, 1893, and both lines were put into operation on the day following. These lines affffreaate about 25 miles of laud lines and 5^ miles of cable. 950 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. Authority lias been given for exteusiivc general repairs to the line from Port Angeles to Tatoosli Island, Wasli., and tlie line from A§toria, Oregon, to Fort Canby, Wash,, and to tbat from jSTorfolk, Ya., to Hat- teras, N. C. This work, now well under way, Avill enhance the efficiency of these inij)ortant lines. The submarine-telegraph cable between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, Virginia, was broken and otherwise injured during the month of January, 1893. Efforts to recover the broken ends proved fruitless, and the cable itself was of little or no value to this service, and it was therefore legally disposed of last July. The construction of a railroad and telegraph line from Titusville, Fla,, to Jupiter, Fla., renders the maintenance of the Weather Bureau telegraph line between those points needless. It will, consequently, be dispos(^d of according to law. THE DAILY WEATHER MAP. The daily weather map is now issued at 72 stations of the Weather Bureau ontside of Washington, D. C. The average issue is about 8,000 copies, or about two and a half million copies annually; a slight increase over last year. These figures by no means express the demand, w^hich has grown to such proportions that it has sorely taxed the capa- bilities of the station force and the store of supplies. As a means of distributing forecasts and Aveather conditions the map is superior to any before devised. In its present form, however, it does not reach the multitude. An ideal system of distributing information collected by the Bureau would j)lace the daily weather map in the hands of the general i)nblic at an early hour through the medium of the daily press. It is believed that efforts should be directed towards the reproduction of a legible map in the daily papers. It should contain the forecasts and other climatological data of importance to each community' in which it is published. Efforts in this direction have been made here- tofore, and with great success, for a limited period; but they have been spasmodic. Newspaper rivalry aided in the reproduction, and also sometimes caused its discontinuance. Eecent efforts to secure the publication of the mai)S in daily metropolitan prints seem to indicate that if the publication could be made exclusive, instead of general, some arrange- ment of value to the people might be consummated. But a monopoly for the reception of useful information from the Government of the United States can hardly be tolerated even in thought. How, then, shall the daily forecasts be best utilized for and by the American people? Can they be so utilized by the Government supplying stereo- types at all the points where forecast maps are now published? ADMINISTRATIVE WORK. Material changes have been made in the methods of work of the central office. Executive work heretofore performed in a separate EEPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 951 division of the office lias been i^laced under tlie personal supervision of the chief clerk, in addition to his other duties. Work not executive has been subdivided and assigned to other divisions. Tliese changes have been conducive to the i^rompt and systematic handling of business. An increased number of high-grade salaries is needed to reward employees for faitliful service and experience. At present it frequently happens that an employee, specially experienced in a particular class of work, can be promoted only by a transfer to other and untried duties, with the further disadvantage that the vacancy thus created must be filled by a new and inexperienced man. The regular classified observing force of the Bureau consists of twenty-seven local forecast officials, at $1,500 each x>er annum, and two hundred and seventy-six observers and assistants, at salaries ranging from 8000 to §1,4:00 per annum. The number of local forecast officials is limited by law and the present number is below that needed. There is a constantly increasing demand for the services of these officials and the Chief of the Bureau earnestly recommends an increase in their number. There has been made recently a readjustment and equalization of salaries of the general observing force, substituting for the complicated unclassified pay account incident to former military rank a classifica- tion more in harmony with the civil branch of the public service. Owing to the limited appropriation, this task Avas a difficult one. It has finall}'- been satisfiictorily accomplished and instead of forty-two grades or more, as under the old svstem. there are now but nine. There are now in operation 159 regular paid observing stations. Two new stations were established during the current year and nine were discontinued. PUBLICATIO^'S. Several important and valuable i)ublications have been issued by the Bureau during the current year, including: A Summary of Inter- national Meteorological Observations, by Maj. H. H. C. Dunwoody, U. S, Army, assistant chief of the Bureau^ Report of the First Annual Meeting of the American Association of State Weather Services cooperating with the Weather Bureau; A Report on the Climatology of the Cotton Plant, by Prof. P. H. Mell; A Report on the Forecasting of Thunder Storms during the Summer of 1802, by Inspector N. B. Conger; and The Climate of Chicago, by Prof. Henry A. Hazen. The iniblication of the Monthly Review has continued throughout the year. Its purpose is the tabulation of current observations, enabling the officials of the Bureau and others to preserve and discuss the mete- orological conditions that obtain from month to month. It also sup- plies a means of acknowledging the reports of some 2,5P0 voluntary observers, to each of whom a copy of the Review is furnished. 952 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. STATE WEATHER SERVICE. Tlie State Weather Service Division supervises forty-two State Weather Services, covering the whole of the United States except Alaska. It also establishes and supervises all voluntary observations and forecast display stations, and tlie services in the cotton, sugar, and rice regions, and iiublishes the National Weather Crop Bulletin. The 2,500 voluntary observers forward copies of their records to the central stations of their respective local services for use in the prepara- tiou of the reviews iiublished monthly. Many of these State reviews are of a highly creditable character and valuable in determining the climatic characteristics of the various States and Territories. Foj? dis- tributingweatherforecastsandspecial warnings all available means have been utilized, and, while the number of stations supi)lied at Govern- ment expense by telegraph or telephone has been materially decreased during the year, the number of those to which forecasts, etc., are fur- nished at little or no cost has been largely augmented. Full forecasts are now received at 1,622 stations, a reduction of 200 daring the year; but nearly 5,000 places received them gratuitously, an increase of over 1,000 in the same period. Plans now being perfected will, it is believed, increase the number of stations receiving forecasts without expense to the Government by 1,500 to 2,000 in the near future. A number of railroad companies are effectively cooperating with the Bureau in the distribution of forecasts by telegraph. It is believed that during the coming year it will be possible to extend the system to every community having interests to be benefited. Observations of temperature and rainfall are daily collected by tele- graph from 118 Southern stations, divided into twelve areas, the center of each area being selected with special reference to its cotton, sugar, and rice interests. The National Weather Crop Bulletin is issued in Washington weekly during the periods of planting, growth, and maturing, and shows the temperature and rainfall for the week and season compared with aver- ages for former years. The Bulletin also shows the crop and weather conditions of the i^revious seven days in each State or district. These statements are^condensed from reports from over 6,000 special corres- l)ondeuts. The full text of the Bulletin is telegraphed by the press associations, and receives wide circulation. The State Weather Services, with the exception of Nevada, issue local weather crop bulletins, simi- lar in character to the National Bulletin. Arrangements have recently been carried out for the public display of tlie Weather Croj) Bulletin in about 130 towns of 5,000 or more inhabitants. RECORDS. A system of checks upon the accuracy of each observer is main- tained, beginning with the telegraphic rei)orts received twice daily by I REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 953 tlie translator. Later, when the mannscrix)t observations are received, they are subjected to a further examination. It is gratifying to report that, with a few exceptions, the work has been highly creditable. Several hundred transcripts of records of meteorological observations have been made during the year, for use as evidence in courts of law; especially in cases relating to the transportation of perishable goods. The increasing demand for climatological data, bearing upon an infi- nite variety of subjects, bears testimony to the increasing confidence of the public in the work of the Bureau. A siDecial climatological report, embracing the result of observations made during the calendar years 1891 and 1892, has been compiled, and is now in press. The report contains much new climatological data of interest and value. INSTRUMENTS. The mechanical excellence and efficiency of our instruments steadily improves, and, as they attain greater x)erfection, so the accuracy of the data obtained will be increased. The barometers now in use at stations are, it is believed, in better general condition than ever before. The new, standard pattern anenometer with aluminum cups is replac- ing the old style of anenometer at stations as fast as i^ossible, and every effort is made to obtain accurate records of wind velocity. The policy of loaning meteorological instruments to voluntary obser- vers and others to render reports therefrom has added greatly to the work and usefulness of this division without additional expense. This wide distribution of instruments is no doubt productive of great good to the general " public aside from the value of the observations themselves, for every observing person who examines our standard Weather Bureau instruments and methods of observation is taught a higher appreciation of accurate results and what constitutes a first-class instrument. The most important instrument developed during the past year is the improved normal barograph, which has been in operation and on exhibition at the Columbian Exposition. This divisionhas devoted much time during the year to the prepara- tion and installation of the Weather Bureau exhibit at the World's Fair. Many favorable comments were made in reference to tliis exhibit, not only by many prominent and professional men of our own country, but also by distinguished scientific visitors from abroad. METEOROLOGICAL COKGRESS AT CIIIGAGO. The official international congress of meteorologists, which it was hoped would beheld in Washington in August, was held at Chicago, August 21-24. Papers of great importar.ce were presented from the leading meteorologists of the world, which the Bureau has undertaken to publish. 954 REPOET OF THE SECRETARY OP AGRICULTURE. RECOMMENDATIONS. There seems to be necessity for a closer cooperation witli the weather service of Mexico, and to that end the cliief of the Weatlier Bureau re]:>orts arraug-ements with the director of the central meteorological observatory^ Sr. Mariano de la Barcena, for an international exchange of telegrams on terms similar to those in operation between the United States and Canada. The Mexican service is willing to deliver withont expense, to our agent at the nearest point, certain information and receive in exchange from ns certain data. The need of full telegraphic reports from the Bahamas was clearly shown very recently by the disastrous hnrricane of August 28. It is believed that if the matter were officially presented to the Gc vcrnment of that colony the importance of an interchange of meteorological information would meet with favorable response. This service continues to send daily cablegrams to the French Meteorological Bureau at Paris, containing marine data obtained from the logs of incoming vessels, the position of areas of highest and lowest pressure in the United States, and data from two selected stations in the Canadian maritime provinces. A more efficient and satisfoctory distribution of railway forecasts could be made if the postal clerks on mail trains were intrusted with the display of signals and made responsible therefor. This would require very little time on the part of the clerks, and the exi^euse to tlie Weather Bureau would be reduced to a minimum. STATISTICS. The Division of Statistics discharges duties distinct from eacli of the other divisions of the Department, and yet, directly or indirectly, illus- trates the value and character of the labors of each, of them, as the report of its chief thoroughly demonstrates. Its work touches all that relates to the economics oi agriculture. Upon it devolves the duty to watcb and report the conditions throughout the entire country likely to affect the growing crops, and also to observe in foreign coun- tries which compete with us agricultural resources, conditions, and X^ossibilities. The purpose of its monthly reports is primarily to keep the farmers informed, as approximately as possible, of all matters having any influ- ence upon the world's markets in which their x^roducts find sale. Its publications relate especially to the commercial side of farming — that is, to the purchase of material, the selling of crox)s, and all interme- diate exchanges between the x>roducer and the consumer. A monthly report upon rates of railroad and water transportation, and a monthly report ujiou tlie conditions of the principal crops of the United States are required by law, which also in'ovides that the said report issue on the tenth day of each month. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTl.'P.E. 955 It is of profound importance and vital concern to the farmers of the United States, who represent nearly one-half of our population, and ot direct interest to the Avhole country, that the work of this division be efficiently performed and that the information it has gathered be I)romptly diffused. Earnest eil'orts will be directed to the attainment of the highest standard of eflBcieucy on the part of this division in the performance of these arduous duties. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS. The exports of agricultural products from the United States for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1892, attained the enormous figiu-e of eight hundred million dollars, in round numbers; being 78.7 per cent of our totid exports. In the fiscal year following, this aggregate was greatly reduced, but nevertheless attained the very respectable figure of six hundred and fifteen millions, being 74.1 per cent of all American com- modities ex])orted. The value of the foreign markets to our farmers and to the entire population of the United States can, therefore, hardly be overestimated. At preserit a review of our agricultural exports, with special refer- ence to their destination, will show that in almost every line the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland absorbs by far the largest pro- poi-tion. A few iigures, showing exports of our -principal agricultural j)roducts, will emphasize this very clearly. Of cattle, the total exports aggregated in value, for 1892, thirty-five million dollars, of which Great Britain took thirty-four millions; and in 1893, twenty-six millions, of which the same country took considera- bly ^ver twenty -five millions. Of beef products of all kinds, our total exports for 1892 exceeded in value thirty-one million dollars, of which twenty-five millions went to Great Britain; and in 1893, twenty-eight million dollars, of which Great Britain took twenty-four millions. Of pork products, the total exports for 1892 aggregated in value eighty-five million dollars, of which Great Britain took forty-seven millions; and in 1893, eighty -four millions, of which Great Britain took fifty-three millions. Nearly the same average proportions prevail in breadstufl's and minor products, while in cotton they are even more conspicuous. Our total exports of corn for 1892 were forty-one million dollars, of which twenty millions went to Great Britain; and in 1893, twenty-four millions, of Avhlch nine millions went to Great Britain. Our total exports of wheat for 1892 were valued at one hundred and sixty-one million dollars; of this. Great Britain paid sixty-eight millions. For 1893 the total exports of wheat were of the value of ninety- three milliim dollars; Great Britain took of this fifty-eight millions. Of wheat flour, the total exports for 1892 were seventy-five million dol- lars; to Great Britain, forty-seven millions. In 1893 the total exports 956 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. were about tlie same as for 1892, while Great Britain took forty-eiglit mill ions. The total exports of cotton for 1892 were two hundred and fifty-eight million dollars 5 to Great Britain one hundred and forty-six millions. Ill 1893 the exports of cotton were valued at one hundred and eighty- eight million dollars; to Great Britain were sent ninety-nine millions. These figures prove not only how large a x)roportion of our total agri- cultural exi3orts find their way to Great Britain and Ireland, but also how very large a proportion of our total agricultural exports is made up of a comparatively few leading crops. It must not be forgotten that in the universal competition for enlarged trade constant efforts are being made, and will continue to be made, by other countries pro- ducing a surplus of agricultural products, to wrest from us the suprem- acy we now hold in supplying Great Britain and a few other coun- tries that are not self-providing in such products; that many of these other countries are British colonies, and that, except as regards cotton, there are none of which we enjoy the practical monopoly. Moreover, we have been for many years pursuing a policy tending to deter the various nations of the world from becoming our customers, and, like the fertility of the soil, trade once lost or diverted is most difficult to re- gain, calling for a long period of careful management to atone for the consequences of even a short period of careless management. This is conclusively shown in the effects of the prohibitory laws passed in Germany and France and in some other European countries against our pork products, and maintained in force for about a decade. Although these were repealed two years ago, and in spite of all the advertising given to the American hog by the discussions preliminary to repeal, we are still very far from having regained the trade in pork products which we had with Germany and France prior to the enforce- ment of their i)rohibitory laws. The lesson gained from the above facts and figures is, that the people of this country are to be much benefited by the diversification of agricultural exports, and their entrance to all the countries of the globe which it is in our power to supply with any product the varied soil and climate of this vast country will enable us to grow at a i)rofit. The extraordinary fluctu- ations in the prices of the crops composing our principal exports are often caused by the concentration of demand in comparatively few markets. This still further teaches the necessity of widening the for- eign markets for our agricultural products. To overcome iini)ediments to trade the x)lan of sending agents into Germany, Sweden, and other European countries to tell foreigners the value of Indian corn as human food was inaugurated. A reference to the export of corn before the commercial propaganda from the United States began their itineracy, and to the aiiipunt being exported at the present time, may be of value and suggestive. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 957 Tlie missionary labors in tlie food-consuming fields of Europe of the special agents of tliis Department, whicli the law provides for, have been extended, so that a thorough inquiry is being prosecuted as to why American meats are partially excluded; why American tobacco is not more demanded; why American wheat flour can not be more gen- erally marketed in Europe; why cranberries are not sold there; why American wines are not called for, and why Europeans generally should not be consumers of Americau canned goods ? Some time hence a further report from the two agents of this Depart- ment in Europe now seeking markets for Americau products may help to solve the economic problems i)reseuted. But in case no solution comes from that source, the reason of the virtual closing of the mar- kets for American products in some parts of the Old World may i)os- sibly be attributed to the high tarift' duties upon all products and commodities which foreigners desire to sell in the markets of the United States. And thus the question will again be presented to the American mind : " Can any country shut out the coinmodities and prod- ucts of other nations without shutting in a value equal to that of the tilings shut out?" AGRICULTURAL I3IP0RTS. A review of our agricultural exports prompts a consideration of our agricultural imports. This reveals a large value in our imi^orts of agricultural products. The question then comes up whether some, perhaps much, of this great total of annual agricultural imports, aggregating in value some three hundred and fifty millions of dollars, ought not to be produced u^ion our own soil, in proximity to those of our own markets, where this immense demand exists? And the truth is, it could and should be so grown. The time will surely come when, under the favorable conditions of soil and climate which this country possesses, a very large share of agricultural products now imiiorted will be raised by American farm- ers. Our large imports of hides, fruits, nuts, and wines, aggregating an average of over sixty millions of dollars annually, could all be pro- duced in this country. A considerable share of the fibers, including wool and silk, and, uo doubt, a large portion of the tobacco now imported, could also be produced in the United States. This is true, likewise, of sugar. Thus the overproduction of certain staples, the demand for which fluctuates greatly, might be avoided, and our farm- ers be benefited by a larger number of available subsidiary crops. This also would increase the variety of our agricultural supplies in for- eign markets and multiply the markets themselves. These important considerations are sincerely commended to the attention of all who, either individually or in association, directly or indirectly, are engaged in the work of agricultural education. For 958 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. upon tlicm rests tlie respoiKSibility of leading tlio Avay for progressive agriculture. All persons engaged in tlie work of agricultural education and experiment must hold steadily in view tlie inexorable economic facts that aftect the production and disposal of agricultural products. American farmers nnist i^roduce what the world wants. And the unrelenting truth that the relation of supply to demand is the sole reg- ulator of value and that it api)lies with equal force to all the i)roduct8 of the farm and of the ftictory ought to be engraved upon the memory and reflected in the judgment and the plans of every farmer in the Union. THE AGRICULTURAL D03IAIN. There are in the United States more than six millions of farms. Upon them dwell more than thirty millions of the population of this J»epublic. Those farm dwellers furnish more than 74 per cent of the value of the exports of this country. This Department is, therefore, intended to be charged Avith great responsibilities and grave duties touching interests intimately associated with the lives, prosperity, and happiness of the whole people. And, as every citizen understands per- fectly well that no architecture, no edifice, however symmetrical, beau- tiful, and perfect its superstructure, can be permanent and enduring except its foundations be solidly and well laid; so everybody knows that the successful perpetuation of the industrial activities of the American i)eople is based, and possible only, upon an intelligent and fecund agriculture. Promises of improved services to the farming interests by the Depart- ment in future, and even the recommendations of useful innovations relating to the detail of the work which confronts it, have been with- held, in view of the statements already made as to its undefined duties, powers, and possibilities. A year from this time, it is hoped, after consultation with the Congressional committees and other repre- sentative forces which are endeavoring to educationally develop and define duties for this Department, that useful progress in the right paths may be truthfully reported. Kespectfully submitted. J. Sterlusig Morton Secretari, ALPHABETICAL INDEX. THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. J. «»^ -/. Agriculture, Secretary of, report of 28 A gricultural products 21> exports 2y statistics 30 experiment stations 30 seeds, too many distributed 31 Arbitration between Argentine Republic and Brazil 5 of international diflerences 14 Ambassadors, grade of foreign envoys raised to 14 Army, reorganization of, recommended 18 Attorney-General, report of, discussed 20 Bering Sea awards 8 Blount, Hon. .James H., mission of, to Hawaii 37 Brazil, domestic hostilities in 1 Chickamanga, national park at 19 Chile, convention between, and the United States 6 Chi nesc, deportation of 6, 7 registration of (j Civil-Service reform, benefits of 31 Claims of American citizens against Spain 11 Consular service, laws relating to 14 Copyright laws extended to Denmark 14 Denmark, copyright laws extended to , 14 Economy in public expenditures, recommended 'o2 Entangling alliances, impolicy of 11 Extradition treaty with Norway 10 Russia 10 Fee system, in U. S. courts, discouraged 20 Foreign relations of United States 5 willi Argentine Republic r> Brazil 5 Chile G China 7 Costa Rica 7 French Republic 8, 9 Germany 8 (ireat liritaiu 8 Haiti 8 Ha wa i i 13, 35-48 Mexico ..1 9 Nicaragua 10 Samoa 10. 11 Spain 11 Turkey 12 Free delivery in postal service 22 Geary law, for deportation of Chinese 6 Gettysburg battlefield 19 Government bonds, laws relating to 17 Great Britain favors international arbitration •. 14 Hawaii, special message in relation to 3.5-48 annexation treaty 35. 46 of, favored by U. S. minister 3-8, 39 959 960 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Pago. Hawaii, Blount, Hon. James H., mission of, to 37 Provisional Government of 36-46 cine to armed invasion by United States. . ... 44, 45 U. S. forces landed in 42 Queen of, protest of 43 Minister Willis's instructions in regard to 48 Immigration 17 Income tax indorsed 34 Indians, condition of 26 education of 27 Legation asylum, vexatious question of 6 Liberia, Republic of 9 Military information, bureau of 20 Militia.' State 18 Monetary conference .' 17 Money, amount of, in circulation 15 Money-order offices ._ 22 National banks ' 16 Navy, Secretary of, report of 23 new vessels for 24 Nicaragua Canal Company 10 Ordnance, manufacture of 19 Pension rolls -; '-5 frauds 25 Postal receipts, deficiency in 21 Postmaster-General, report of -. 21 Precious metals, coinage of 16 production of 16 Quarantine, national, importance of 17 Eailway Mail Service 23 Eeceipts and expenditures of the Government 15 Samoa, disturbance in • 10 Santa Maria, reproduced caravel 11 Seacoast defenses 19 Silver dollars, number coined l.n Silver, purchase of 15 purchase law, repeal of 16 Slave trade, suppression of 7 Sugar bounty, sum paid for 15 Tariff reform, recommended 33, 34 War Department ". 18 West Point, Military Academy at 19 SECEETARY OF THE TEEASUEY. Ecport of 49 Alien contract labor law 68 ■Appropriations required for 1895 53 made by Congress from 1886 to 1894 1.36 Banks, national 57-59 Bonds, purchase and redemption of on account of sinking fund 120-126 6 per cents, issued to Pacific railways 127 United States, received and issued by Secretary of Treasury from 1892 to 1893 ■; 162 Buildings, public 83 Circulation, amount of money in 128-135 Coast and Geodetic Survey 81-83 Chinese, exclusion of 68 registration of ~ 68 Coinage of precious metals 54, 55 gold 5 1, 55 silver 54, 55 Commerce, foreign of the United States 60, 61 increase of 61 Customs administration 61-63 laws, amendments advised 62 revenues, expense of collecting 63 Debt, public, statenumt of 107-116 analysis of 117, 118 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 961 Page. Disbursements; statement of, for 1892 138-110 for quarter ending September 30, 1893 141 by assistant treasurers 150-154 District of Columbia 83, 84 Engraving and printing 66 Expenditures, increase of 51 for fiscal year 1893 49 1894, estimated 53 1895, estimated 53 from 1789 to 1893 146-149 Exports of gold, increase of 60 silver, increase of 60 merchandise 60 Exposition, World's Columbian 85 Gold, imports and exi)orts of 60 coinage of •'■1 production of 56 use of, in the arts 56 Imports compared with 1892 60 of gold 60 silver 60 merchandise 60 Immigration 66, 67 decrease in 66 laws, remedial eftect of __ 67 Indians, liabilities of United States to 155-160 Internal revenue ^^ receipts from 64 cost of collecting 65 Laws, alien contract labor 68 Liabilities of United States to Indians 155-160 Light-House Service 77, 78 Life-Saving Service Jp N^umber of stations J9 new stations comiileted ''9 Loans and ciirrency 56 Loans, issued and redeemed, statement of 119 Marine-Hospital Service ^^~I? iiint service, earnings and expenses of _ '^'^ Metals, precious, coinage of ^^~5- imports of '•^■^ exports of 5>^ production of 56 use of, in the arts 65 Money, amount of, in Treasury and circulation 128-135 National banks ^I"^^ Navigation, tonnage of United States c-~q{ Pac: tic railroads oo PuV 'ic buildings • J^f^ debt, statement of -~ i « analysis of 11"' 11° Receipts, net, for "fiscal year, 1893 1^;' quarter ending September 30, 1893 141 from 1789 to 1893 142-145 assistant treasurers ^^2~'5 Revenue-Cutter Service ^^I^ Revenue, internal, receipts from 64 cost of collecting 6* laws, revision of ^"^ ^"b Revenues for fiscal year 1893 f^ 1894, estimated ^■^ 1895, estimated J\^ Securities, United States, received during 1893 ^161 Silver, coinage of ^t exports of ^_ imports of ^? production of ^^ use of, in the arts - ion i9r Sinking fund, purchases for, statement of ^-^ ^-o Ab. 93 Gl 962 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Pago. Soutli Carolina, sea islands of, relief for 72 Spirits, distilled, prodnced 64 Steamboat Inspection Service 80, 81 Sugar bounty, amount of, for 1893 65 Treasury, condition of 91-96 World's Columbian Exposition 85 treasurer's report. Treasurer, United States, report of 163 Balance, free available, dirainution of 163 statement of 163 Customs duties, kinds of money paid in 166 Gold certificates, percentage of, paid for customs duties 166 danger of, to Treasury 164 amount of, in Treasury since 1878 164 reserve, decrease of 164 Notes, United States, redemption of, demanded 164 Silver coin, percentage of, paid for customs duties 166 certificates, percentage of, paid for customs duties 166 Treasnrj^, condition of 164 DIRECTOR OF THE iMINT. Eeport of 167 Coins, foreign, value of 181-189 Coinage of gold 169 silver 169-173 Foreign coins, value of 181-189 Gold, coinage of 169 deposits of, in mints and assay offices 167, 168 deposits of, decrease of 167 product of 179 used in industrial arts 179 world's coinage 180 Monetary systems of the world 176-178 conference, at Brussels 189-191 Money, approximate stocks of, in principal countries of the world, aggregate and per capita 176-178 Per capita distribution of the money of the world 176-178 Precious metals, imports and exports of 174 used in industrial arts 179 product of 179 Silver, deposits of 167 product of 179 coinage of 169-173 seigniorage on 174 purchase of 167, 168, 170 course of value during 1893 170, 171 from 1848 to 1893 171-173 depreciation of, cause of 171-173 dollars, circulation of 173 world's coinage 180 COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY. Report of 192 Banks, national, condition-of 192-199 number organized in 1893 192, 193 suspended in 1893 192 charters extended in 1893 192 shrinkage of resources 194 liabilities 194 suspension of 196-199 other than national 195 suspension of 199 Clearing house and loan certificates 200 Money, contraction of volume of 195 lawful reserve of banks '. 201 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 963 COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE. Paire. Letter of, coacerniug increased tax on distilled spirits 261-2G4 Report of 200. Bouut J' oil siigar 214 Beet-sngar factories 217-219 Cbiuese, registration of 209 Collections for fiscal year 20(5 Distilled spirits, consumption of 208 materials used in producing 210 quantity in United States October 1, 1893 212 Distilleries, number of registered and operated 210 stock fed at 211 Oleomargarine, tax on 212 product of 212 receipts from 213 recognized article of food 213 Eeceipts from internal revenue for past eigbt years 206 for past two jears 217 Spirits, distilled, consumption of 208 materials used in pi oducing 210 quantity in United States 212 Sugar, bounty on 214 paid in 1893 216 last two fiscal years 217 cost of paying 214 producers of, licensed, in 1892 215 1893 215 applied for license for 1894 215 production of, for fiscal year 1893 217 from cane 217 beets 217,218 sorgbum 217, 219 maple, estimated production of 217 crops of tbe world 220 TIIE REGISTER. Report of 221 COMMISSIONER OF CITSTOMS. Report of - 221-224 Customs districts, reorganization recommended 224 Fees, abolition of, recommended 224 FIRST AUDITOR. Report of 224-240 Accounts adjusted by 224-235 Receipts 224 Disbursements 224-235 Summary of work 236-238 Comparative statement of business from 1861 to 1893 .: 239, 240 SECOND AUDITOR. Report of 241-245 THIRD AUDITOR. Report of 246-248 FOURTH AUDITOR. Report of 249 FIFTH AUDITOR. Report of 250-252 SIXTH AUDITOR. Report of 253-255 SUPERVISING SPECIAL AGENT. Report of 255-261 964 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. SECKETAEY OF WAR. Pago. Keportof 265-298 Academy, Military, at West Point, conduct of 287 Appropriations, expenditures, and estimates 265 Arlington, memorial bridge at, recommended 294 Armories and arsenals 281, 282 Arm V. operations of 267 " 8 1 rougth of 268-269 distribution of 270 education of 285 reorganization of, desirable 268 I)eriod of enlistment in, discussed 277 Arsenals and armories 281, 282 Battlefield at Gettysburg, preservation of 294 Cemeteries, national 294 Chattanooga and Cbickamauga National Park 295 Cliickamauga and Cbattanooga National Park 295 Defense of scacoast, discussed 275-277 Disabled Volunteers, Home for 292 Education of the Army 285 Enlistment in the Army, period of, discussed 272 Expenditures, appropriations, and estimates 265 for fiscal year 1893 266 Exposition, World's Columbian 293 Gettysburg battlefield, preservation of 294 Guns, siege and field, manufacture of . . .■ 275 Home, Soldiers, the 291 National, for Disabled Volunteers 292 Indian hostilities, peace unbroken by 267 -warfare, virtually at end 267 Mexico, authorities of, commend U. S. troops 269 Mexican border, raids of outlaws on, suppressed , 267 Military Academy, at West Point 271 conduct of 287 schools and colleges, advantage of 288 Militia, State, obligation of Federal Government to 290 geographical distribution of 291 Monuments — Logan, Sheridan, Hancock, Sherman 296 National cemeteries 294 Park, Chickamauga and Chattanooga 295 Operations of the Army 267 Park, National, Chickamauga and Chattanooga 295 Record and pension office, work of 296 calamitv at 297 report of chief of 344, 347 Records, war, publication of 298 Rifle, the new magazine, discussed 274 Rivers and harbors, improvement of 284 Schools and colleges, military 288 Seacoast, defense of, discussed 275-282 plans for the year 277 guns for 278-280 sites and emplacements 279 expenditures during year 280 Signal Corps, the 289 Soldiers' Home, the 291 War records, publication of 298 West Point, Military Academy at 271 World's Columbian Exposition 293 MAJOn-GKNICRAL COMMANDING THE ARMY. Report of 299-304 Army, instruction and discipline in 300 staff of 303 Artillery, reorganization of 300 Barracks and quarters 300, 301 Education, military 301 Enlistment, term of 302 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 965 Page. Fortification and armament " 3(X1 Important services of Army 299 Indian soldiers 301 Infantry, reorganization of ." 300 Mexico, nentrality laws with, maintained 299 Military education ,, 301 Recruiting service 303 Staff of Army 303 ADJUTAXT-GEXERAL. Reports of 304-310 Desertion from Army 304, 305 Discharges from the Army 305 Fraudulent enlistments 306 Indian enlistments 308 Military colleges 309 Reenlistments" 306, 307 Recruiting service 307 JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GEXERAL. Report of 310-312 QUARTERMASTER-GEXEHAL. Report of 312-320 Ambulances, improved 313 Antietam battlefield 319 Arlington Park, inaccessibility of 318 Battlefield at Antietam 319 Gettysburg 319 Cemeteries, national 317 Clothing 312 irregularities of ciit and make 313 Equipage 312 Fort Myer, water supplv of 315 Gettysburg, battlefield at 319 Horses, superiority of 313 Messes and mess halls, consolidated 315 Military iiosts 314 nomenclature of 316 National cemeteries 317 Records 320 Regular supplies 314 DEPUTY QUARTERMASTER-GEXERAX. Report of 320-325 National cemeteries 320-325 SURGEOX-GEXERAL. Report of 325-335 Army, health of 327 special diseases in 329 Army Medical Museum 325 CHIEF SIGNAL OFI'ICER. Report of 335-344 Balloons, military 338 Harbor defenses, cables for 343 Heliograi)h practice, extended 342 Military telegraph lines 335-337 balloons 338 signaling 339 Signal equipments 340 Target ranges 342 Telegraph lines, militarv 335-337 flying ". 3SS practical operations of 338 World's Columbian Exposition 843 9GG ALPHABETICAL INDEX. EECOUD AXD PENSION OFFICE. Page. Eeport of chief of 344-347 ludcx-record card work 346 Disaster at Teuth-street building 347 WAR EECOllDS. Eejiort of board of publication 348 soldiers' HOME. Eeport of board of commissioners 349 UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMT. Eeport of the board of visitors 350-362 Eeport of superintendent .' 362-366 Academic departments 362 Appointments and examinations 352 Armament and equipment 353 Band 364 Buildings, grounds, and lights 354 Buildings and grounds ^... 365 Discipline 363 and instruction 352 Fiscal affairs 357 Graduating exercises 359 Health 363 Master of the sword 365 Eecommendations of the board of visitors 358 Supplies and expenditures 356 World's Columbian Exposition 363 CHIEF OF ENGINEERS. Report of 366-376 Bridging navigable waters 368-371 Bridges obstructing navigation 371 Fortitications - 366 Maps, military and other 374 Mississippi Eiver Commission 367 Missouri Eiver Commission 368 Eeconnaisances and explorations 374 Yellowstone National Park, roads and bridges in 373 MISSISSIPPI KIVER COMMISSION. Annual report of 376-383 CHIEF OF ORDNANCE. Eeport of 383-385 Arming and equipping militia 384 INSPECTOR-GENERAL. Eeport of 385-389 Homing-pigeon service 387 National Guard 385 SECRETAEY OF THE NAVY. Report of 391-451 Academv, Naval, report of Board of Visitors 452-459 Superintendent of 469,470 conditions of admission to 453 subjects of study in 453-457 grounds, buildings, etc 454 seamanship, etc 455 discipline in 456 recommendations concerning 458 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 967 Bering Sea, oiierations in 432, 433 Chart construction, in Hyclrograpliic Office - 472 Certified checks, instead of contractors' bonds, recouimended 442 Civilians, compulsory attendance of, at naval courts, recouimended 442 Columbian caravels, the 436 Enlisted men 431 Equipment, report of Chief of Bureau of 461-403 Estimates and approjiriations 447-450 Examination for promotion 44 1 Explosives, high 412 Hydrograplier, report of 472-475 International naval rendezvous and review 437 Labor at navy-yards 439 Liquid fuel 445 Live-oak reservations 441 Marine Corps, report of commandant of 478-480 Militia, naval 43.3-435 Names of vessels, statement showing 406-409 Nautical Almanac, report of Superintendent of 465 Naval Academy, report of Board of Visi tors of 457-4.59 report of Superintendent of 469 construction abroad 423 Home, conduct of 460 militia 429 ordnance ... - 410 Observatory 444 proving ground 477 review, international 437 training station, report of commandant of 471 War Records, publication of - 450 Navigation, report of Chief of Bureau of 467-469 Navy, personnel of 429 Navy-yards, labor at 439 Navy-yard plants 440 New vessels, completed - 391 New vessels, trials of 391-393 pro])08als for 401-403 Observatory, naval 444 report of superintendent of 463 Ordnance, naval __ ^]P report of chief of Buceau of 475-478 proving ground 477 gun factory 477 Powder 412,476 Projectiles 412, 176 Promotion, examination for 441 Publication of naval war records 450 Punishment, limitation of, in the Navy 443 S.ale of condemned vessels 147 Ships, construction of 403-405 in commission 421 Small arms -il*^ Stability of certain vessels 420 Submarine torpedo boa t - - - • 417 Supplies, purchases, and accounts 438 Tounago of vessels, statement showing 406-409 Torpedoes *m^ Torpedo boats, submarine • 417 Trials of now vessels 391-393 Vessels, condemned, sale of 447 Vessels, new, completed for the Navy 301 nro])osals for 431 trials of 301-393 serviceable for war purposes 393-401 stability of certain ^ 420 statement showing name and toimage of 406-409 Vesuvius, the 418 World's Columbian Exposition _ 445 Yards and Docks, report of chief of Bureau of 459-461 9G8 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. POSTMASTER-GENERAL. Page. Report of 484-524 Arrests for violations of postal laws 511 Boiuls of postmasters, approval of 510 Biiildiug, cl(']tartmental, new 515 Buscli, the 516 Canceling ntacliines 494 Civil service, application of, in Post-OfUce Department 512-514 Columbian postage stamps 508 Dead-Letter Office, work of 490,491 Depredations, special cases of 512 Eigbt-honr law 492 Electric lines 498 Equipment, mail 499 Estimates for jiostal service 484 Expenditures, postal, statement of, and revenues 487 Experimental free delivery 486 Financial statement 502 compared with 1892 503 Foreign mails 500, 501 Free-delivery system, the 486 experimental 486 rural 487 deficiency 487, 488 estimates for 488 Indemnity for lost registered niail matter 507 Legislative protection to transportation 502 Lost registered matter, indemnity for 507 compla ints of 511 Losses, ordinary mail, complaints of 512 Lotteries and fraudulent schemes 519 Mails, foreign 500 Mail transportation 495 service, inland, expenditure for 495 erxuipmeut 499 Money-order system, changes in 493 statistics, domestic 493 business, international 494 and postal note total 494 convention with San Salvador 494 Newsi)apers and periodicals mailed 505 New department building 515 Offenses against postal laws, arrests for 511 Pacific railroad statistics 510 Parcels post 501 Periodicals and newspapers, mailed 505 Postal cards 505, 506 revenues, effects of fiuaucial depression on 482 statement of, and expenditures 483 notes, issues of 493 laws, violations of, arrests for 511 Postmasters, office of, discussed 518 fourth class 514 bonds of, approval of 510 Post-Officc Department, organization of 517 Post-offices, clerks in 489 the ten large 485 the larger 514 Railroad transportation 497 Railway JMail'Service 498 Registered matter lost, indemnity for 507 complaints of 511 Registration statistics 506, 507 Regulation wagon service 496 Rent, light, and fuej 490 Rewards, special, appropriation for 511 Special-delivery system ; 504 Stamped paper, issues of 504 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 969 Page. Stamps, Columbian 508 Steamboat service 497 Star service 495, 496 Suspension of employes 490 Telegraph rates ". 507 Transportation of the mails 495 legislative protection to 502 Wagon service, regulation 496 World's Columbian Exposition post-office 519 Total mail matter handled 5'20 Money-order figures 521 Composition of the exhibit 521, 525 Foreign contributions to - . 522 FIRST ASSISTANT I'OSTMASTKK-GKNERAL. Report of »25-536 Correspondence, division of 535, 536 Dead-Letter Office 534, 535 Division of correspondences 535, .536 Duplicate money orders and postal notes 533 Free-delivery system 526-528 experimental 528 rural 528 Money orders, dui)licate8 533 erroneous payment of 534 Money-order offices 529 domestic 530 international 530-532 Postal notes, issues and payments of 530 duplicates 533 Postal-note offices 529 Postal stations 525 SECOND ASSISTANT I'OSTMASTER-GENERAL. Eeportof 537-539 Mail service, in general 537 Merchandise, transportation of through the mails .539 Star service and its methods 538 SUPERINTENDENT RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE. Report of 5-10,541 Railway Mail Service, extent of 540 equipment of 540 force employed in 540, 541 THIRD ASSISTANT POSTMASTER-GENERAL^ Eeportof 512-514 Dead-letter fund 543 Financial statement 542 Special-delivery system 543, 544 li-OURTH ASSISTANT POSTMASTER-GENERAL. Report of 51 4-547 Appointment division, operations of 544-546 Ordinary mail 546 losses in 547 SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. Report of 549-6-12 Alaska 603-604 Architect of the Capitol 625-627 Arizona Territory 593-597 population of 593 public lands 594 970 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Page. Arizona Territory, the arid region of 594: railroads and commerce 594 stock-raising in 595 mines and mining in 595 forests and lumber in 595 education in 595 Indians of 595 Indian scliools in 596 public buildings in 596 bealtb and climate conditions 597 undeveloped resources 597 social conditions 597 statehood recommended 597 Board of pension api)eals 579 decisions in regard to rating .630-636 Blind, Maryland Institution for the 623 Boundary line between North and South Dakota, survey of 551 between South Dakota and Nebraska, survey of 551 Bounty land warrants 577 Bureau of Education 586, 587 Bureau of Railroads 587 functions of 587 litigation pending 588 condition of the properties 588, 589 recommendations of 589 Capitol, Architect of 625, 627 report of 879-882 Central Pacific Railroad Company 588 Census, condition of, table showing 582 completion of 584 cost of completing 584 report of Suijerintendent of 78 1-792 Census Office 581 financial report of 582 financial statement of 583 sunnnary of work of 583 Cherokee Outlet, disposal of lands of 556-558 the booth system 557 Indian allotments 558 Cherokee Indians in North Carolina 574 Cheyenne Indians in Montana 574 Chijipewa and Munsee Indians 574 Choctaw^ Nation, election troubles in 573 Deaf and Dumb, Columbian Institution for 620, 621 report of president of 873-876 Documents, public, distribution of 624, 625 Education, Bureau of, the 586 summary of work of 5^6 Education of the Indians 563 Enrollment and attendance at Indian schools 563 Feeble-minded children, education of 622 Five civilized tribes of Indians, commission to treat with the 568 Freedman's Hospital 623 report of 876-878 Geological Survey, the 585 value of, to scholars, engineers, etc 585 Howard University 621,622 report of president of 872,873 Hot Springs Reservation 613-618 Indian afi'airs 562 agents 563 education 563-566 depredations claims 570 election troubles in Choctaw Nation 573 Indian affairs, report of Conmiissioncr of 685-730 Indians on reservations 566 sale of liquor to 570-573 Insane, Government Hospital for 618-620 report of Board of Visitors 878, 879 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 971 Paga Kickapoo purchase 567 Land Office, General, le;?al work of 559, 562 railroad grants 560 adjustment of grants 560 report of Commissioner of 613-668 Maps of the United States, revised 552 Maryland Institution for the Blind 623 Montana, Cheyenne Indians iu 574 National parks and reservations 606-618 Yellowstone, the 607-610 rci>ort of sujierintendeut of 885-887 Yosemitc, the 610-612 report of superintendent of 906-fll2 Sequoia and General Grant 612 report of superintendent 897-905 Hot Springs Reservation 613-618 report of superintendent 882-885 Nebraska, boundary line between, and South Dakota 551 New Mexico Territory 591 stock-raising iu '. 592 mines and mining in 592 education in 593 legislation for 593 Nicaragua Canal Company 627 report of 912-914 North Carolina, Cherokee Indians in 574 North Dakota, boundary between, and South Dakota 551 Oklahoma Territory ./. 601, 602 growth and prosperity of 601 population of 601 business condition of 601 public schools 601 colleges 601 agriculture 602 mining 002 manufacturing 602 social and religious condition 602 public buildings 602 stateliood recommended 602 Patents 579 applications for, awaiting action 580 report of Commissioner of 730-733 Patent Office, the 579 receipts and expenditures 579 classification division proposed 580 examina tion of industries proposed 580 the Official Gazette of the 580 . overcrowded condition of 581 "^Pensions 575 work of Bureau of 576 special examination division 576 law division 576 certificate division 576 land warrants 577 dropped, annual value of 577 decisions in regard to rating 630-636 report of Commissioner of 733-739 Pension laws 575 frauds 577-579 appeals, board of 579 statement of work of 637-612 Private land claims 552 Public lands 549-555 disposal of. 519 educational selections 550 school and educational grants 554 surveys of 550 contests 552 jirotection of 553 972 ALPHABETICAl. INDEX. Page. Public lands, timber trespasses »53 swamp-laud grants 554 public timber 554 public forests 555 disqualification of registers and receivers 562 Railroads, Bureau of 587 functions of 587 litigation pending in , 588 condition of the properties 588 report of Commissioner of 792-869 School and educational laud grants 554 land in Oklahoma 554 Sioux City and Pacific Railroad Company 589 South Dakota, boundary line between, aud North Dakota 551 Nebraska 551 Swamp-land grants 554 Territories, condition of the 591 Ne w Mexico 591-593 Arizona 593-597 Utah 597-601 Oklahoma 601-604 inspection of coal mines in the 604, 605 Union Pacific Railway (IJompany 588-590 Utah Territory 597-601 population of 597 business of 598 public buildings in 598 educational facilities 598 agriculture in 597 undeveloped resources 599 polygamy is abandoned 599 statehood recommended 599 commission, report of 599 World's Columbian Exposition 627-629 Departmental exhibit at 627 expenditure for 629 GENERAL LAND OFFICE. Report of Commissioner of 643-668 Claims, private land, patents issued on 655 Contests, in laud patent cases 660 Forest reservations ^ 666, 667 Indian lands, disposal of 684 Mineral lands 661 Patents, agricultural, issued 650 mineral, issued 650 Indian aud miscellaneous 653 Private laud claims, patents issued on 655 Public lands, vacant in United States 654, 668-672 disposal of, statement of 644-649 by States and Territories 675-683 swamp lands patented 651 granted for educational purposes 652 surveys of 653 patents issued for 050, 653 contest cases 660 protection of 662 Recommenflations of Commissiouer 668 Railroad land grants, patents 653 adj ustment of 657 forfeited, opened to settlement 658 Supreme Court decisions 659 Supreme Court decisions, regarding railroad grants 659 Timber, on public lands 663-666 depredations 662 COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. Report of....: 655-730 Ageuts, ludiau, Army officers as 685 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 973 I'age. Agencies, Indian, numl>er of reduced 086 expense of dimini^lied fi86 Allotments to Indians (JOO-TOl and homesteads to Indians contested 701, 702 Cherokee Nation, intruders on 716-719 Civil-service rules, modilication recommended 697 Estimates for appropriations 6SG Freedmen, Cherokee, Delaware, and Shawaeo 719 Indian depredation claims 711-713 lands, leasing of 702 finances 713-716 homesteads and allotments contested 701,702 Indians, allotments to 697-701 education of 686. 699 apijropriation for 695, 697 nonreservatiou schools 688-690 reservation boarding schools 691, 694 day schools 694 public schools 69r> school sites 699 taxation of, by local authority 704 casii pavments to 706 field matrons 707-709 sale of liquor to 709, 710 Lands, Indian, leasing of 702 allotted 702- unallotted or tribal 703 Liquor, sale of, to Indians 709. 710 World's Columbian Exposition, Indian exhibit at 697 COMMISSIONER OK PATENTS. Report of 730-733 Applications and caveats received 730 Two new divisions recommended 731, 732 Patents granted 730 Trade-marks, labels, and prints registered 730 PENSIONS. Report of Commissioner of 733-739 Act of June 27, 1890, application of 735 Board of Pension Appeals, reorganization of 782 Business of appeal section 740-742 Building, Pension Office, the 739 Criminal statistics 742, 743 Efficiency record 738 Law division 7.38 Law clerk, report of 740-747 Pension agencies, list of 763 appeals, report of Assistant Secretary of the Interior on 776-783 recent important decisions of 781 rules of practice in 782 reorganization of board of 782 Pensions, increase and decrease of ._. 733 moneys paid for 734, 756 under act June 27, 1890 758 appropriations for 734, 7.55 service, requisites of 735, 736 number of, increased during year 753 annual value of all on rolls 753 to survivors of war of 1812 761 number of, compared with 1892 762 filed and allowed since 1861 764-767 different monthly rates of 768,769 certificates of, issued during fiscal year 771 and pension appeals 776 Pensioners, nonresident 739 number of, dropjied from rolls during year 754 974 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Pagp. Pensioners, number of, in each State and Territory 770 in eacli foreign countr j' 770 Revolutionary soldiers, widows of, on lieusion rolls 775 Sailoi-s of 1812 on pension rolls 775, 776 Soldiers of 1812 on pension rolls 775, 776 Speciiil examination division, report of chief of 748, 749 Sunnnary of appended tables 750-752 Widows of Eevolutionary soldiers, names of 775 SUPERINTEXDKXT OF CKXSUS. Eeportof 784-792 Agriculture 788 Condition of the reports 784 Crime, pauperism, and benevolence 789 Farms, homes, and mortgages 788 Financial rcjiort 785 Manufactures 787 Population division 786 Printing and stationery 791 Eevision and results 790 Summary of tiual rcj)orts and compendium 784 Transportation 790 Vital statistics 789 Wealth, debt, and taxation 790 COJIMISSIOXER OF RAILROADS. Eeportof 792-869 Autliority conferred by act of 1878 793 Amounts' due United States for 1892 796 Atlantic and Pacific Eailroad Company 801-803 Statement of financial condition 802, 803 Achison, Topeka and Santa Fo Eailroad Company 803-806 Statement of financial condition ... 1 804, 806 Bonds, issues of 793 Central Pacific Railroad Company 806-812 Statement of financial condition 809-812 Central Branch Union Pacific Eailroad Company 813-815 Statement of financial condition 814, 815 Charges against companies, reviewed 797 Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Eailroad Company 816, 817 Statement of financial condition 817 Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Eailway Company 818 Declined to submit a report 818 Chicago and Northv,-estem Eailroad Company 818-821 Statement of financial condition 820, 821 Chicago, Eock Island and Pacific Eailroad Company 821-823 Stiitement of financial condition 823 Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Oinaha Eailway Company 824-826 Statement of financial condition — 825, 826 Dubuque and Sioux City Eailroad Company 826-828 Statement of financial condition 827, 828 EfiQciencv of bureau impaired 795 Estimates for 1894-'95 799,800 Functions of the office • 794 Hannibal and St. Joseph Eailroad Company 828, 829 ■ Failed to submit regular report 828 Copy of general balance sheet 828, 829 Lands, grants of, to railroad companies 793 Land-grant railroad companies, reports required from 795 Little Eock and Memphis Eailroad Company 829, 830 Statement of financial condition 830 Missouri and Pacific Eailroad Company 831-833 Statement of financial condition 832, 833 Missouri, Kansas and Texas Eailroad Company 833-835 Statement of financial condition 834, 835 "Net earnings," meaning of 794 ALPHABETI€AL INDEX. 975 Paga Nortlicru Pacific Railroad Company 835, 838 Stateuiout of liiiancinl condition 837, 838 Oregon and California Railroad Company 838-810 ^^tatement of financial condition 83!(, 810 St. Joseph and Grand Island Railroad Company 840-842 Statement of financial condition 811, 842 St. Lonis, Iron Mountain and Sontliern Raihvay Company 842-84.5 Statement of financial condition 844, 845 St. Lonis and San Francisco Rrilroad ComT)any 84.5-847 Statement of financial condition 846, 847 St. Paul and Dulnth Railroad Company 847-849 Statement of financial condition 848,849 St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railroad Company 850, 851 Statement of financial condition 851 Sioux City and Pacific Railroad Company 851-854 Statement of financial condition 852-854 Southern Pacific Railroad Company 854-856 Statement of financial condition 8.55, 856 Texas Pacific Raihvay Company 856-859 Statement of financial condition 858, 859 Thurman Act, requirements under 794 inadequacy of 798 Union Pacific Railway Company 859-868 Statement of debt of 863, 864 financial condition 865-867 earnings and expenses 868 report of Government directors of 809-871 Wisconsin Central Railroad Company 868 failed to submit a rejiort 868 HOWARD UNIVEKSITY. Report of president of 872, 873 COLUMBIA INSTITUTION FOR DKAF AND DUMB. Report of president of 873-876 frkedmkn's hospital. Report of 876-878 government hospital for the insane. Report of board of visitors 878, 879 architect of the capitol. Report of 879-882 hot springs. Report of superintendent of 882-885 YELLOWSTONE PARK. Report of superintendent 885-897 sequoia AND GENERAL GRANT PARKS. Report of superintendent of 897-905 YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK. Report of superintendent of 900-912 MARITIME CANAL COMPANY OF NICARAGUA. Report of 912-914 976 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. Page. Report of 915-958 Agricultural Department, organization of 915 relation of, to State experiment stations 916 library of 946 more room needed 947. statistics 954 exports 955 imports 957 domain 958 departments, foreign, functions of 918-924 Agriculture, British Board of 918 J Ministry of, of Russia 919 i French Ministry of 920 Italian, General Direction of 922 Ariimal Industry, Bureau of 930-932 ^ Texas feA'er regulatious 930 export cattle inspected 930 vessel inspection 930 inspection of imported animals 930 inspection of American cattle in Germany 931 meat inspection 931 exports of inspected pork 931 additional legislation recommended 932 tuberculosis -. 932 maladife du coit 932 civil service examination of inspectors 932 Botany, division of 934 British Board of Agriculture 918 Bureau of Animal Industry 930, 932 the Weather.... 948-954 Changes of officials not recommended 926 Classified service, the 926 Distribution of seed : 927-930 Division of entomology 933 oruithologv and mammalogy 933 botany . . . .' .' 934 vegetable pathology 935 pomology 937 gardens and grounds 938 forestry 939, 940 chemistry 942 microscopy 943 illustrations 945 records and editing 945 Document and folding room 946 Editing, division of 945 Entomology, division of 933 Evolution of the Republic 917 Expenditures of the Department 924, 925 Experiment stations, office of 943 Fiber investigation, office of 941 Food adulteration, investigation of 942 Foods for man, nutritive value of 943 Forestry, division of -• 939, 940 French Ministry of Agriculture 920 Gardens and grounds, division of 938 Illustrations, diAision of 945 Irrigation inquiry, oSice of 944 Italian General Direction of Agriculture 922 Library, of the department 946 Mammalogy, division of 933 Organization of the deiiartment 915 Ornithology, division of 933 Permanency among officials commended 926 Pomology, division of 937 Records, division of 945 Republic, the evolution of 917 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 977 Page. Roads, public, discussed 944 Soil, iuvestigation of 942 State experimental stations, relation of department to 916 Suj^ar, domestic, production of 942 Vegetable pathology, division of 935-937 Weatlier bureau 948-954 forecasts 948-950 daily weather map 950 publication of 951 State weather service : 952 records 952 instruments 953 recommendations 954 World's Fair, exhibit at 947-915 Ab. 93 62 STATE MORMAl SCHOOL, Ij06 jLft6itM -\-- 'JaL. UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY AA 000 608 855 3