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 REPOETER'S ASSISTANT 
 
 BEING AX 
 
 EXPOSITION OF THE REPORTING STYLE 
 
 or 
 
 PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 BY 
 ROBEET PATTERSON. 
 
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 ' i" It -< r t » 
 
 
 PIITLADELPHIA: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY E. AVEBSTER, 
 68 SOUTH THIRD STREET. 
 
 1849.
 
 Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1849, by 
 
 ROBERT PATTERSOX, 
 
 in the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Eastern District of 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
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 PHILADELPHIA : 
 T. K. AND P. G. COLLINS, PRINTERS.
 
 P^7 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The present essay is intended as a guide to those who, 
 Iiaving mastered the corresponding style of Phonography, 
 wish to enter upon the study of Reporting. In the pre- 
 paration of it, we have kept constantly in view the class 
 for whom it was designed. We have assumed their ability 
 to write the corresponding style with rapidity and correct- 
 ness; selecting forms which shall be, at the same time, 
 short and legible. It seemed useless, therefore, to clog 
 our work with information on the points of difficulty pre- 
 sented by that style alone, — to make it, in any sense, a 
 consulting dictionary of corresponding phonography. In 
 a few cases, indeed, we have trenched upon this ground; 
 but our general aim was simply to point out wherein the 
 Reporting differs from a properly written Corresponding 
 style, and to set forth its distinctive features in a few 
 comprehensive rules, deduced from a careful analysis of 
 Mr. Pitman's works on the subject. 
 
 We cannot lose this opportunity of commending the 
 study of phonography to the uninitiated who may chance 
 
 44H'^77
 
 IV PREFACE. 
 
 to read this preface. They would then be convinced, — 
 from its ease of acquisition, its complete legibility, its 
 unrivaled brevity, and above all its sound philosophical 
 basis, — that it is the most perfect system of writing ever 
 invented; before which the present cumbrous method 
 must as surely give way, as has the stage-coach before the 
 locomotive. Of the several meritorious works already 
 before the public on the subject, we would recommend 
 Prof. James C Booth's Phonographic Instructor as being, 
 from its very complete series of progressive exercises, the 
 most practically useful.
 
 THE 
 
 REPORT E 11 'S ASSISTANT. 
 
 § 1. — The vowels are very generally omitted in re- 
 porting. A practiced phonographer, who lias become 
 familiarized with the general appearance of words in their 
 skeleton outlines, is not put to much inconvenience , from 
 the omission of their vowels, but still this should not be 
 carried any farther than the exigencies of reporting re- 
 quire; and, in particular, all uncommon words, proper 
 names, and words which the context might not enable us 
 to distinguish from others having the same outline, should, 
 if possible, be vocalized. 
 
 § 2. — The prefix dots for com, or am and arcom, the 
 circle for circum, the adverbial termination Jj/, and punc- 
 tuation, are also more or less omitted. But these omissions 
 should not be carried beyond the necessities of the case, 
 and the omission of the prefix dot, particularly, would in 
 
 1*
 
 6 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 
 
 some words be apt to create perplexity, from the forms 
 being alike in ovitline with those of other unvocalized 
 words confusible in sense. Its insertion is, for this reason, 
 advisable in the following examples : — commit, commodi- 
 ous, conductor, condescend, common, commence. (See 
 Key No. 1.) 
 
 The period in punctuation may be intimated in the re- 
 port by writing the first word of the following sentence at 
 a greater distance than usual. 
 
 § 3. — Some assistance is given, in reading an unvocalized 
 report, from the positions in which the skeletons are writ- 
 ten. These positions recognized in reporting are three. 
 A Iwrizontal skeleton is in the first, second, or third posi- 
 tion, according as it is written above, on, or slightly below, 
 the line of writing. A skeleton containing one or more 
 inclined inflections,* is in the fii'st, second, or third position 
 
 * We design by the term inflection to express not merely a single 
 consonant letter, but also a half-sized one, or either of these with 
 hooks, loops, or circles, attached to them. Thus the words eat, 
 seat, cities, station, seated, stationed, taste, fashion, as we have 
 written them in the Key (See No. 2), contain each a single inflec- 
 tion; diet, dusty, direct, direction; soberly, preparation, have two 
 inflections; thoroughly, purpose, functionary, have three. We are 
 aware that the terra should, with more propriety, be confined to 
 express what is written with a single bending or motion of the 
 hand, while we have extended it to inclurle also what is the result 
 of a compound motion ; but as some word was necessary to express 
 our idea, we have chosen what seemed to us the most suggestive.
 
 THE REPORTER S ASSISTANT. 7 
 
 according as the first inclined inflection has its lowest por- 
 tion resting slightly aboYe, on, or below the line of writing. 
 
 Examples. (Key No. 3.) — 1st Position. Key, keen, keener, 
 mingle, hive, fine, life, rock, peer, indeed. 2d Position. Oak, cane, 
 money, wave, fane, rake, loaf, pair, ended. 3d Position. Cow, coon, 
 manna, few, fan, rack, laugh, pure, no doubt. 
 
 § 4. — Inclined skeletons of full length, and of but one 
 inflection, are written in the first, second, or third positions, 
 according as their accented vowel is a first, second, or third 
 place one. 
 
 Examples. (Key No. 4.)— Height, vie, fee, heed, wish, heap, 
 hitch, jaw, heath, ease, hiss, raw, lie. Oat, bead, heavy, foe, lay, 
 pay, show, ray. Few, happy, view, shoe, allow, arrow, dew, hatch. 
 
 Exceptions. 1st. (Key No. 5.) — Condition, addition, this, 
 though, those, (thus,)* other, (whether,) us, whole. 
 
 2d. Where we insert a vowel or prefix they will generally suf- 
 fice to prevent any ambiguity, and the word may be written in 
 the second position, which is always the most convenient. 
 
 Examples. (Key No. G.) — Commit, conceal, conceive, conceit, 
 conjure, idea, wish. 
 
 3d. The following word-signs of the corresponding style are 
 exceptions, namely: Are, be, been, do, have, upon, it, which, will ; 
 and also the phraseograms derived from the same, for example, 
 (Key No. 7.) are as, it is, (it has,) it will, which is, (which has,) 
 which will. 
 
 4lh. Skeletons of a single inflection, which include a large 
 
 • Wherever, in the examples, a word or phrase following ano- 
 ther is placed in a parenthesis, it is to be understood that both are 
 represented by the same phonographic outline and in the same 
 position, so that in the Key but the single form will be employed.
 
 8 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 
 
 aiiiouiit of consonant expression, may be written in the second 
 position, whatever be their accented vowel. The reason is, that 
 JList in proportion to the number of consonants a word contains, 
 is the dilhculty of reading it, when unvocalized, diminished, and 
 no expedient of position is required to prevent ambiguity, by the 
 intimation of the omitted voweh Much difference will be found, 
 in the best reporting style, in the application of this principle of 
 exception; practice and the discretion which it brings, will direct 
 us to a proper judgment, if we keep in view, on the one hand, 
 that the second position is the most natural and time saving, while 
 on the other hand ambiguity should be sedulously avoided. 
 
 Examples. (Key No. 8.) — Balance, balanced, supposition, 
 sujtply, sedition, civilize, civilized, assist, wisest, silence, season. 
 
 § 5. — Inclined skeletons of half length and of but one 
 inflection^ and all horizontal skeletons, whatever the niun- 
 ber of their inflections, are written in the fii'st position if 
 their accented vowel is first place, otherwise in the second 
 position. This is, in fact, the same rule as we adopt in 
 the corresponding style. 
 
 Examples. (Key No. 9.) — Read, heard, (hard,) writ, hurt, 
 (art,) till it, told, treat, uttered, (toward,) ar'nt, (around.) is it, as 
 it, (has it.) as it is, has'nt, quite, could, (act,) mission, motion, 
 inckle, uncle, (ancle.) 
 
 Exceptions. (Key No. 10.) — Any, common, one, (own, when,) 
 once, (whence,) him, men, man, human, cannot, objection, with- 
 out. 
 
 It is proper to add that, although the above rule is believed to be 
 fairly deducible from Mr. Pitman's present practice, yet he former- 
 ly carried out the principle of threefold position, to a considerable 
 extent, in writing the class of words under consideration. Thus 
 ammunition, mention, mansion (horizontal skeletons), were written 
 in the first, second, and third positions respectively. Hungry and
 
 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 9 
 
 angry in the second and third. Wherever the practitioner thinks 
 an ambiguity may be avoided by the use of the third position, lie 
 will of course do well to adopt it. 
 
 § 6. — Xo rule as to position can be given for words of 
 more than one inflection, not being all horizontal. They 
 are generally vrritten as in corresponding style, that is, 
 in the second position; yet in some cases it may pre- 
 vent ambiguity to throw them into the first and third 
 positions, according to the place of theii' accented vowel. 
 The following examples may be taken as illustrations. 
 
 Examples. (Key No. H.) — Pocket, poked, packet; permit, pro- 
 mote ; permission, promotion ; prominent, permanent; bitter, better, 
 batter; beak, beck, back (book); business, absence; drink, drunk, 
 draiik; except, accept; lively, lovely ; alliance, holiness, allowance ; 
 into, unto (in it) ; indeed, ended, no doubt; needless, endless. 
 
 § 7.* — Where the present tense of a verb ends in a 
 full length inflection, the past tense is formed (if possible) 
 by halving that inflection ; but where the present tense 
 ends in a half length inflection, we should prolong this to 
 its full form, and half size the succeeding t or (/, for the 
 past tense. 
 
 • The rules in the sev€n succeeding sections belong more pro- 
 perly to an explanation of the corresponding style, as at present 
 written, than to reporting, anrl we insert them merely for the 
 guidance of those who have had no opportunity of seeing speci- 
 mens of the phonography published within a year or two past.
 
 10 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 
 
 Examples. (Key No. 12.) — Abate, abated; pile, piled: term, 
 termed; atone, atoned ; caution, cautioned; commission, commis- 
 sioned. Part, parted; pelt, pelted; bend, bended; haunt, haunted ; 
 wound, wounded; lift, lifted; attempt, attempted; admit, admitted ; 
 treat, treated. 
 
 § 8. — Where not too inconvenient choose that form for 
 
 a skeleton which will leave not more than one word-sign 
 
 in the same side of an inflection. 
 
 Examples. (Key No. 13.) — Science, Zion, palliate, appropria- 
 tion, continuation, defiance, valuation, giant, deist, (doest,) Lewis, 
 pious, situation. 
 
 § 9. — The word for^ when a prefix and not a conjunc- 
 tion, is represented by / and the r hook, and not by the 
 word-sign /. 
 
 Examples. (Key No. 14.) — Forgive, forget, forgotten, foresee, 
 forsake, forego, forewarn. Forever, is an exception. 
 
 § 10. — Half-sized p, h, ch, J, are not used except 
 joined to another inflection, since, if standing alone, they 
 are apt to be confounded with the simple vowel logograms. 
 
 § 11. — ^Where cr, gr follow ts or ds, the best plan for 
 
 writing is to turn the circle to the right, when the addition 
 
 of r will be implied. 
 
 Examples. (Key No. 15.) — Discretion, disgrace, discourage, 
 discourteous.
 
 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 1 1 
 
 § 12. — AVliere n precedes str, scr, spr, we can best in- 
 dicate it by a hook initial to the s'r circle. 
 
 Examples. (Key No. IG.) — Instruct, inscribe, inspiration, in- 
 separable. 
 
 § 13. — Where z begins a word the circle should not be 
 used to express it. 
 
 Examples. — Zeal, zenith. 
 
 § 14. — The phrase of the is frequently omitted in re- 
 porting, but the omission is intimated by writing the words 
 between which it occurs closely together. 
 
 Examples. (Key No. 17.) — Liberty of the press, men of the 
 world, songs of the birds, principles of the party. 
 
 Exceptions. — 1st. When there is a pause in the sense after the 
 word preceding the phrase of the, — such a pause as would justify 
 the use of a mark of punctuation, — the phrase should be written 
 in full ; as in the sentence, " the grand idea of humanity, of the 
 importance of man as man."' 
 
 2d. Where the phrase occurs in connection with a word whose 
 proper form is also that of a simple or compound vowel or diph- 
 thong, the collocation necessary to intimate it would give rise to 
 confusion, and is not allowable. Such phrases, for example, as 
 liTiat of the night, or, ^U of the day, would, if the words of (he 
 were intimated by contiguity, be no way different in form from 
 the words wont (noun) and awed. 
 
 § 15. — A curved consonant form made of double the 
 usual length, indicates, in reporting, the addition of the 
 sound thr.
 
 12 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 
 
 Examples. (Key No. 18.) — Mother, father, rather, leather 
 neither, smoother, southern, northern, thither (the other). 
 
 § IG. — There are many words, diiFerent in meaning, 
 •wliich in phonography are naturally thrown into the same 
 skeleton. These, when unvocalized, are in general readily 
 discriminated by the context. Sometimes, however, from 
 a similarity or contrariety of sensfe in such words, an am- 
 biguity might arise which the context would not serve to 
 remove. We may meet the difficulty in many cases by 
 writing such similar skeletons according to the rule of 
 vowel position, where the accented vowels differ. In other 
 eases we insert a characteristic vowel, particularly in ne- 
 gative words which have a positive, form similar in skeleton, 
 as repressible, irrepressible; legible, illegible. And finally 
 we cut the knot in other instances by assigning arbitrarily 
 to one of such words a different outline from its natural 
 one, solely for purposes of distinction. The following list 
 includes most of the words classed under the last head. 
 
 Examples. (Key No. 19.) — Propose, (perhaps,) purpose; pro- 
 tection, production; prominent, permanent, preeminent; pronouns, 
 pronounce; princes, princess; aboUtion, ablution ; train, turn; ad- 
 dition, adhesion; destine, destiny; desolate, dissolute; desolation, 
 dissolution; adulation, dilution; idleness, dulness: adoration, deri- 
 sion (duration); countess, counties; acquaintance, cantons; golden, 
 gladden; felon, villain; felony, villainy; valuable, available ; vio- 
 lation, evolution, valuation; violent, valiant; separation, suppres- 
 sion; east, west; eastern, western; Saturday, yesterday: shade, 
 shadow ; commissions, conscience ; land, island, highland ; element,
 
 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 13 
 
 aliment; writer, orator ; rhetorical, oratorical ; read (pres. tense), 
 read (past tense) ; reader, order ; ardent, hardened ; risk, rescue ; 
 hearsay, heresy; men, man; women, woman; manhood, woman- 
 hood ; in fact, in etTect ; inseparable, insuperable.* 
 
 § 17. — The principle, already exhibited in the corre- 
 sponding style, of constructing word-signs by the omission 
 of a portion of the consonant expression, is greatly ex- 
 tended in reporting style. The following list of words 
 and phrases, thus imperfectly represented, should be fa- 
 miliar to the reporter, though in following a slow speaker 
 he will find most of them unnecessary, and, on the other 
 hand, when reporting a very rapid speaker, or on some 
 special department of knowledge, he will be obliged to 
 invent new contractions on the same principle of omission. 
 A well practiced phonographer availing himself of the aid 
 which the context and memory afford, will safely omit 
 portions of words, and even of sentences, to an extent 
 which would seem, to the inexperienced, entirely to impair 
 the legibility of his report. Such imperfect reports should 
 of course be speedily revised and filled in while the me- 
 mory is fresh, and more particularly so if intended for the 
 perusal of another than the writer himself. 
 
 • The words in the foregoing list are arranged according to the 
 order of their consonants, as referred to the phonetic alphabet ; 
 namely, p, b, t, d, ch.j, &c. This is the order we follow in all our 
 long tables. 
 
 2
 
 14 
 
 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 
 
 Occasionally the same phonograph is adopted to repre- 
 sent several words. In the following table where such 
 words occur, all having the same root, we merely connect 
 the terminations with the primitive by a hyphen. Thus 
 public-ation-ish-ed will signify that the words public, pub- 
 lication, publish, and published, may each be represented 
 by the phonograph in the Key. See also the notes on 
 pages 7 and 13. It should be likewise borne in mind, in 
 this connection, that the third person singular of a verb, 
 or the plural of a noun, represented by a word-sign, may 
 be expressed by simply adding to it the circle, or (if the 
 word ah-eady terminate in s) the double circle. 
 
 TABLE OF WORD-SIGNS. 
 
 (See Key No. 20.)* 
 
 War, water 
 Year, years 
 Yield 
 
 Yet 
 
 Beyond 
 
 While 
 
 People 
 
 Popular-arly 
 
 Public-ationish-ed 
 
 Pecuiiar-arity 
 
 Applicableility 
 
 Plaintiff 
 
 Perfect 
 
 Imperfect 
 
 Perfection 
 
 Imperfection 
 
 Practice-able-ility 
 
 Perpetual 
 
 Preserve-d-ation 
 
 Parliament 
 
 Punishment 
 
 To be 
 
 Because 
 
 Observe-d-ation 
 
 Remembrance 
 
 Number 
 
 Believe 
 
 Time 
 
 Itself 
 
 Until 
 
 Until it 
 
 Temperature 
 
 Temperance society 
 
 Between 
 
 Degree 
 
 Divine 
 
 Different-ence 
 
 Advertisement 
 
 Dependent ence 
 
 Defendant 
 
 Deficient-ency
 
 THE REPORTER S ASSISTANT. 
 
 15 
 
 Displeasure 
 Destruction 
 Distinguish-ed 
 Discharge-d 
 Disinterested-ness 
 Doctor 
 Delivered-ry 
 Deliverance 
 Denomination 
 Providential 
 Providence 
 Provident 
 Danger 
 Much 
 Children 
 Jesus Christ 
 Generation 
 Regeneration 
 Degeneration 
 Religion 
 Religious 
 Capable 
 Capability 
 Catholic 
 Expect-ation 
 Extraordinary 
 Extravagant 
 Subjection 
 Difficult-y 
 Chrislian-anity 
 Character 
 Characterise-ters 
 Characteristic 
 Corresponding socie- 
 ty 
 Commercial 
 
 Contrail istinguish-ed 
 
 Gave, (together) 
 
 Government 
 
 Glory-ify 
 
 Glorification 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 G. B. and Ireland 
 
 Agriculture 
 
 For ever and ever 
 
 For as much 
 
 For instance 
 
 Philanthropy-ic-ist 
 
 Viva voce 
 
 Vice versa 
 
 Tliank(faithful-ness) 
 
 Thanksgiving 
 
 Speak 
 
 Special 
 
 Especial 
 
 Superficial 
 
 Subordinate 
 
 Substantial 
 
 Subservient-ence 
 
 Satisfyied-actory 
 
 Satisfaction 
 
 Astonish 
 
 Construction 
 
 Suggest-ed-ion 
 
 Scripture 
 
 Description 
 
 Subscription 
 
 Consequential 
 
 Signify 
 
 Significance 
 
 Significant 
 
 Sufficient-ency 
 
 Celestial 
 
 Surprise 
 
 Essential 
 
 Single, (singular) 
 
 Large 
 
 Liberty of the people 
 
 Familiar 
 
 Learned friend 
 
 Herself 
 
 Ourselves 
 
 Republic-anation 
 
 Original 
 
 Reformation 
 
 Resurrection 
 
 Responsible 
 
 Resemblance 
 
 Rational-ity 
 
 World 
 
 Impossible-ility 
 
 Impracticable-ility 
 
 My brethren 
 
 Movement 
 
 Myself 
 
 Himself 
 
 Mistrustful 
 
 Mistake 
 
 Mistaken 
 
 Mr., (remark) 
 
 Remarkable 
 
 Manner 
 
 Now 
 
 Knew 
 
 New Testament 
 
 Not to be 
 
 Integrity 
 
 Notwithstanding 
 
 Interpret 
 
 Interpreted 
 
 Interpretation 
 
 Entertain 
 
 Interest 
 
 Introduction 
 
 Internal 
 
 Independent-ce 
 
 Indefatigable 
 
 Individual 
 
 Indispensable 
 
 Wonder-ful 
 
 Unexpected-ly 
 
 Unquestionably 
 
 Neglect 
 
 Infidelity 
 
 Information 
 
 Nevertheless 
 
 University 
 
 Universal 
 
 Universality 
 
 Anniversary 
 
 Invention 
 
 Influence
 
 16 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 
 
 Influential 
 Instruction 
 Inscription 
 
 Honorable member 
 Hon. gentlemen 
 In order to 
 
 In order that 
 English, (thing.) 
 
 § 18. — Phraseography, or the writing of several words 
 in one skeleton, must be largely employed in phonographic 
 reporting. Much discretion and experience in reading 
 and writing are required to guide us in the proper selection 
 of phraseograms that may be written with rapidity and 
 read with ease. A few general instructions on the subject, 
 to be followed up by a table of carefully selected phrase- 
 ography, will, we hope, conduce to the formation of good 
 habits in the practice of this essential branch of the re- 
 porting style. 
 
 1st. Phraseograms should not be too long, and should, 
 as it were, form themselves naturally without being forced. 
 For example, a single outline including the whole of the 
 sentence, " I-think-it-is-better-that-you-should-take- 
 some-notice-of-this-charge," would be possible but of 
 inconvenient and absurd length. A division of the same 
 sentence with reference to phraseography might be made 
 thus, "I think-it is-better that-you should-take-some 
 notice-of this-charge;" but these phraseograms, though 
 not of inconvenient length, would be forced and illegible, 
 the words being thrown together in an unnatural connec- 
 tion. A more natural arrangement, with which the 
 phraseograms in the phonography might not improperly
 
 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 17 
 
 correspond, is, " I-think— it-is-better-that you-sliould 
 take— some— notice o^this-charge." 
 
 2d. In writing the simple vowel word-signs, as parts of 
 phraseograms, they are all struck downwards except that 
 for should, which is struck up. 
 
 3d. The second or upward half only of the diphthong 
 sign for /need be struck in phraseography. The sign thus 
 employed is the same in form with that for on, but is 
 clearly distinguished by the difference of direction. If /, 
 however, precedes an I or an m, it is an allowable license 
 to strike i\iQ first half, as in I'm, I'll, Imay; the danger 
 of confusion with of, which is similar in appearance and 
 direction, not being thought to outweigh the countervailing 
 advantages. 
 
 4th. Words or word-signs that begin a phraseogram 
 must be written in the position they would occupy if 
 standing alone, whether fii-st, second, or third place. The 
 position of the first word, therefore, determines the posi- 
 tion of the skeleton phraseogram taken as a whole, and it 
 often follows, as a necessary consequence, that the words 
 which follow the initial one, are thrown into quite different 
 positions from what they would occupy if standing alone. 
 
 Exceptions. — The word-sign for on, beginning a phrase, may 
 be written upon as well as above the line, since its downward 
 direction will distinguish it from should ; and the other first place 
 vowel word-signs, when prefixed to a full length first or third place 
 inflection, or to a half-si/.ed second place oao, may be written very 
 
 2*
 
 18 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 
 
 slightly above or below their proper position, for the convenience 
 of indicating tliat of the inflection to M'hich they are joined. 
 
 To prevent confusion from words of contrary meaning it is 
 considered best that cannot should always, and can should never 
 be written in the first position. In the table, illustrations of these' 
 classes of exception may be found, in the following 
 
 Examples. — Or their, or other ; on any account, on no account, 
 on one account ; I think, I thank, I do, I had, I did not, I do not ; 
 we have, we view ; what say, what use ; what ought to be, what 
 it would be. That can be, that cannot be, &c. &c. 
 
 5th. It is sometimes allowable, in a phiuseogram, to 
 omit some portions of a word, or even whole words, where 
 the phrase embodied in the skeleton is of so familiar and 
 suggestive a kind that the context will readily assist us in 
 deciphering it. In the Table of Phraseography will be 
 found the following 
 
 Examples.— On (the) contrary, on (the) part (of), I have bee(n) 
 there, you mus(t) admit, for (the) mos(t) part, in many (in)stances. 
 
 TABLE OF PHRASEOGRAPHY. 
 
 (See Key No. 21.) 
 
 AH people 
 
 " particulars 
 
 " truth 
 
 " which 
 
 " that 
 
 " that is said 
 
 " their 
 
 " such 
 
 " " circumstances 
 
 All such things 
 " his 
 
 
 Of 
 
 " money 
 it 
 
 
 Ic 
 
 which 
 
 
 (I 
 
 CI 
 
 " it is not 
 advantage 
 
 possible 
 
 l< 
 
 course 
 
 
 this
 
 THE REPORTER S ASSISTANT. 
 
 19 
 
 Of that 
 
 On one account 
 
 
 " them 
 
 To it 
 
 
 
 " their 
 
 " try 
 
 
 " such 
 
 " do 
 
 
 " the same mind 
 
 " them 
 
 
 " me, my 
 
 " some extent 
 
 
 '• my opinion 
 
 " a 
 
 great extent 
 
 
 " importance 
 
 " love 
 
 
 Or any thing else 
 
 " th 
 
 e world 
 
 
 " their 
 
 " many 
 
 
 " other 
 
 " w 
 
 hom 
 
 
 On all 
 
 " man 
 
 
 " " such 
 
 Who 
 
 would 
 
 
 " " subjects 
 
 
 is it 
 
 
 " " objects 
 
 
 " this 
 
 
 " « sides 
 
 
 " that 
 
 
 " you 
 
 
 are 
 
 
 " the part of 
 
 
 " not 
 
 
 " account 
 
 
 may 
 
 
 " of 
 
 
 " not 
 
 
 " the contrary 
 
 
 know 
 
 
 " so 
 
 
 '• not 
 
 
 " us 
 
 
 " nothing 
 
 
 " her 
 
 Should be 
 
 
 " their 
 
 t; 
 
 " done 
 
 
 " " account 
 
 (( 
 
 do 
 
 
 " " acknowledgment 
 
 u 
 
 think 
 
 
 " " sides 
 
 (t 
 
 remark 
 
 
 " the one hand 
 
 u 
 
 not 
 
 
 " " " side 
 
 i( 
 
 " be 
 
 
 " " other hand 
 
 CI 
 
 " have said 
 
 
 » « " side 
 
 u 
 
 " think that 
 
 
 " either side 
 
 14 
 
 not say 
 
 
 " their side 
 
 I hope 
 
 
 " the one part 
 
 tl K 
 
 you will 
 
 
 " " other part 
 
 C( <( 
 
 " " not 
 
 
 " eitlier part 
 
 (( U 
 
 " are quite 
 
 well 
 
 " their part 
 
 "do 
 
 
 
 " his part 
 
 " had 
 
 
 
 " me, my 
 
 " did 
 
 not 
 
 
 " my part 
 
 " had 
 
 not, (do not) 
 
 
 " " account 
 
 " did 
 
 not know 
 
 
 " any account 
 
 " do not know 
 
 
 " no account 
 
 " had not known 

 
 20 
 
 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 
 
 I could 
 " " not 
 " expect 
 " cannot 
 " can 
 
 " fear you will think me 
 " have been 
 " " " there 
 " " called 
 " " said 
 " " such 
 " " shown 
 " " already 
 " « made 
 " " not 
 " " now 
 " think 
 " thank 
 
 •' think you will 
 " speak 
 " wish 
 " shall 
 
 " " not be able to 
 " will 
 " am 
 " « not 
 " know 
 " " not 
 
 " " that there will be 
 " " " there is much 
 •' need not point out 
 " " " observe 
 " " " take notice 
 " " " remark 
 " " no more 
 How could 
 " " you 
 " can 
 " is this 
 " " that 
 " " it 
 
 (C 
 
 may 
 
 you 
 there 
 
 How many 
 
 " must 
 
 You would 
 
 « not 
 « be 
 " can 
 " " not 
 " could 
 " " not 
 " have 
 
 " not 
 " should 
 " " not 
 
 " be 
 Yourself 
 Yourselves 
 You are 
 " " not 
 " will 
 " " not 
 " " no doubt 
 " may be 
 " " think 
 " must 
 " " admit 
 « « have 
 " " now 
 We were 
 " do 
 " did 
 " " not 
 " had not, (do not) 
 " have 
 " view 
 " have said 
 " seen 
 " not 
 " think 
 " find 
 " shall 
 " will 
 " " not 
 " are 
 " " not
 
 THE REPORTER S ASSISTANT. 
 
 21 
 
 With 
 
 it 
 
 By which it can be 
 
 a 
 
 which you may be 
 
 It 
 
 " « is, (has) 
 
 a 
 
 " " are acquainted 
 
 11 
 
 " " has been 
 
 u 
 
 " it is, (has) 
 
 11 
 
 such 
 
 11 
 
 " " " not, (has not) 
 
 11 
 
 every means 
 
 a 
 
 " " has been 
 
 K 
 
 this time 
 
 a 
 
 " " may be 
 
 (I 
 
 that 
 
 {( 
 
 this 
 
 11 
 
 their 
 
 (t 
 
 that 
 
 It 
 
 some 
 
 11 
 
 them 
 
 It 
 
 " men 
 
 (1 
 
 themselves 
 
 11 
 
 " means 
 
 Were we 
 
 It 
 
 me, (my) 
 
 u 
 
 that 
 
 It 
 
 many 
 
 (( 
 
 this 
 
 About it 
 
 (( 
 
 they 
 
 
 « its 
 
 What is 
 
 Because it is 
 
 (1 
 
 with, (were) 
 
 Brought forward 
 
 (( 
 
 would 
 
 Ought to 
 
 u 
 
 " be 
 
 It 
 
 would, (two forms) 
 
 tc 
 
 " do 
 
 11 
 
 " be well 
 
 » 
 
 could be 
 
 11 
 
 " not be 
 
 (1 
 
 " not possibly 
 
 11 
 
 should not be said 
 
 IC 
 
 ought to be 
 
 11 
 
 could be 
 
 C( 
 
 it would be 
 
 II 
 
 can 
 
 (( 
 
 if 
 
 11 
 
 " be 
 
 tc 
 
 say 
 
 II 
 
 takes some time 
 
 (C 
 
 use 
 
 11 
 
 seems to me 
 
 (( 
 
 say you 
 
 11 
 
 is perhaps 
 
 (C 
 
 are 
 
 It 
 
 " loo, (to) 
 
 Would you 
 
 II 
 
 " to be 
 
 u 
 
 be 
 
 II 
 
 has been 
 
 u 
 
 do 
 
 II 
 
 " " said 
 
 11 
 
 not have said 
 
 II 
 
 is observed 
 
 11 
 
 man 
 
 11 
 
 has been observed 
 
 11 
 
 monoy 
 
 ti 
 
 is doubtless 
 
 <i 
 
 never 
 
 11 
 
 " such 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 " generally 
 
 People of this country 
 
 11 
 
 " clearly 
 
 It 
 
 " God 
 
 II 
 
 " gooil 
 
 Be able 
 
 11 
 
 " very strange 
 
 It 
 
 " to 
 
 11 
 
 " as 
 
 " said to 
 
 II 
 
 « said 
 
 11 
 
 " " be 
 
 11 
 
 " seen 
 
 By which 
 
 It 
 
 " soon done
 
 22 
 
 THE REPORTER S ASSISTANT. 
 
 (1 (1 
 
 It is certain that 
 " " written 
 " « also 
 " " always said 
 " " rather 
 " " reported 
 
 my opinion 
 " " much 
 " " no use 
 " " no doubt 
 " " indeed 
 " " now 
 
 " " " under consideration 
 " " not 
 
 " " " that you are 
 " « only 
 " may 
 
 " might not be well 
 " will perhaps 
 " " be 
 
 " " " remembered 
 " " take some time 
 " " do 
 " " very soon 
 " " not 
 " " " be 
 Time to time 
 
 " after time 
 At present 
 " their 
 " that time 
 " his 
 " once 
 
 " the same time 
 " such 
 " his house 
 Takes place 
 Take part 
 
 " it down 
 
 " care 
 Till it 
 Until it 
 Until it is done 
 
 Till his 
 Until his 
 Truth of God 
 True God 
 Contrary to 
 Do they 
 " this 
 
 Due consideration 
 Had had 
 " been 
 Does not 
 Each other 
 Which would 
 
 " " not have been 
 
 " happened 
 
 " had had 
 
 " could be 
 
 " can be 
 
 " not be 
 
 " ought to be 
 
 " is, (has) 
 
 " has been 
 
 " is meant 
 
 " " not, (has not) 
 
 " " only 
 
 " are 
 
 " may 
 
 " " not 
 
 " might 
 
 " " not 
 
 " must be done 
 
 " it would not be 
 
 " " can 
 
 " will 
 
 « " not 
 
 " " be done 
 Much as 
 " more 
 " " than 
 
 Justice of God 
 
 " " tlie peace 
 Justices of the peace 
 Quite possible
 
 THE REPORTER S ASSISTANT. 
 
 23 
 
 Quite satisfactory-fied 
 " as well 
 " agree 
 Could be done 
 
 " not be done 
 Can have done 
 
 " not have done 
 Give this 
 " that 
 " me 
 Great applause 
 " advantage 
 " extent 
 If you 
 " this 
 " that 
 " the other 
 =' his 
 " it 
 
 " " were only 
 " "be not 
 " " is not 
 " " " possible 
 " " " thought 
 For which 
 " " it is, (has) 
 " " " is not, (has not) 
 " " " has been 
 " such are 
 " " « not 
 " " as would 
 " " " could 
 " some time 
 " " reason or other 
 " the benefit of 
 " " good of 
 " his own sako 
 " the most part 
 Few persons 
 Afterwards 
 After which 
 
 " that 
 From you 
 " tliem 
 
 From that time 
 Have you 
 
 " been done 
 " « there 
 
 " determined 
 
 " shown 
 
 " not 
 Very good 
 
 " great 
 
 " certain 
 
 " soon 
 
 " well 
 
 " much 
 Ever has been 
 
 " was 
 Every man 
 Over the world 
 Think that 
 
 " you are 
 Thank you 
 They were 
 
 " do, (had) 
 
 " had had 
 
 " do not, (had not) 
 
 " have been 
 
 " that 
 
 " will 
 
 " are 
 
 " might not 
 Without it 
 
 " at least 
 " such 
 That time 
 
 " it is, (has) 
 
 " it is to be 
 
 " " has been 
 
 " at some time 
 
 " which is not 
 
 " " can be 
 
 " " cannot be 
 
 " have not 
 
 '• that 
 
 " will 
 
 " is so
 
 24 
 
 THE REPORTER S ASSISTANT. 
 
 That is not necessary 
 " " only 
 " " such 
 " were 
 This place 
 " clay, (do) 
 " advantage 
 " world 
 " no douljt 
 •' opinion 
 " represents 
 " only tends 
 " is, (themselves) 
 " " well known 
 " " a well-known fact 
 " opinion 
 There would not be 
 " ought to be 
 " can be 
 " " not be 
 " could not be 
 " is, (has) 
 " has been 
 " is very little doubt 
 " " no* 
 " " " more 
 " " not, (has not) 
 " was 
 " " not 
 " shall 
 " " not be 
 '• will be 
 '• " not be 
 " must be 
 Therefore 
 Say to 
 So as to 
 
 " " " make it appear 
 " « " be 
 
 So as to do 
 " that 
 " very little 
 " much so 
 " many as to 
 Such would be 
 " as, (is) 
 
 " " to be 
 " " it seems 
 " can 
 " could 
 " as was 
 Something 
 
 " has been 
 
 Since that 
 " this 
 Was to be 
 " good 
 " sent 
 " as 
 
 " " it should be 
 " not there 
 " " so 
 " neither 
 Is it 
 
 " " not possible 
 " " " observed 
 " " " more 
 " " " certain that 
 " " impossible 
 " not, (two forms) 
 " " that 
 As it, (has it) 
 " " is, (has) 
 " " is in heaven 
 " " has been 
 Has it not been 
 
 " not, (two forms) 
 Is as, (is his) 
 
 " This skeleton should not be used for there is one, for fear of 
 confusing the sense, when unvocalized.
 
 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 
 
 25 
 
 As is, (as his, as has) 
 Has been 
 
 " " made 
 
 " had 
 As much 
 " " as 
 " " " possible 
 " good 
 " " as 
 " great 
 " " as 
 " if it 
 " " " were 
 « far 
 " " as 
 " well 
 " " as 
 " " " possible 
 " " " here 
 " " " there 
 " " " any other 
 " little as 
 " " " possible 
 " many as 
 " " " possible 
 " soon as 
 " " " possible 
 Shall be 
 " not be 
 " find 
 Will be 
 
 " " found 
 " have done 
 " be considered 
 " not 
 " " be 
 Let it 
 
 " " be 
 
 " us 
 
 " " proceed 
 
 « " have 
 
 " " see 
 
 " " now 
 
 " " know this 
 
 Let us never 
 Little consideration 
 Ladies and gentlemen 
 Holy Scripture 
 Are you 
 " " sure 
 " sometimes 
 " not 
 Hereafter 
 Worthy member 
 World to come 
 
 " of fashion 
 May appear 
 " be done 
 « this 
 " as well 
 " not, (am not) 
 " " be 
 " " have 
 Might not 
 
 " " be able to 
 Must be 
 " try 
 " consider 
 " come 
 " improve 
 " not be 
 Most happy 
 " certainly 
 " important 
 Many of them 
 " times 
 " things 
 More and more 
 In all 
 " " this 
 " " that 
 " it 
 
 " to consideration 
 " consequence of 
 " like manner 
 " fact 
 " effect 
 " this part of the world
 
 26 
 
 THE REPORTER S ASSISTANT. 
 
 In this sense 
 
 Any part 
 
 " as much 
 
 " body 
 
 " such 
 
 " more 
 
 " his 
 
 No one 
 
 " the world 
 
 " part 
 
 " '= course of 
 
 " body 
 
 " order that 
 
 " reason 
 
 " " to 
 
 " more 
 
 " " that you may be able to 
 
 " " time 
 
 " " to make it appear 
 
 Not to be 
 
 " " " explain 
 
 " that 
 
 " the first place 
 
 " quite 
 
 " " second place 
 
 " only 
 
 " " third place 
 
 United States 
 
 " " next place 
 
 " kingdom 
 
 " " last place 
 
 Nor were they 
 
 " " name of 
 
 " is this 
 
 " my, (me) 
 
 Manner in which 
 
 " many particulars 
 
 « it takes 
 
 " " instances 
 
 " « « " acts 
 
 Any thing 
 
 " of its action 
 
 (26) 
 
 § 19.— EXERCISE ON REPORTING WORD-SIGNS.* 
 
 (See Key No. 22.) 
 
 The celestial character of every distinguished Christian, is de- 
 pendent for its construction on different circumstances. His dis- 
 charge of duty under every description of danger and difficulty, 
 developes his extraordinary and characteristic disinterestedness, 
 and that in the midst of the extravagant displeasure with which 
 bad men circumscribe and circumvent him. The advantages of 
 our divine religion are angelic, indispensable, and essential, be- 
 cause they are capable of preparing men for heaven. It is espe- 
 cially essential to the establishment of the Christian character, to 
 entertain familiar and forgiving dispositions to the faithful genera- 
 
 • Refer to § 17. This exercise is from the Reporter's Magazine, 
 1847, p; 148.
 
 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 27 
 
 tion of their brethren. The interpretation of Holy Scriptures,, 
 whether intellectual or however imperfect, is unquestionably in- 
 fluential to a number of individuals, who observe the information 
 at that time obtained. The religious observances, peculiarities 
 and practices, which characterize Christians of the above descrip- 
 tion, render their characters perfectly original, and notwithstanding 
 a number of their movements are misrepresented and mistaken, 
 they are, nevertheless, in consequence of their indefatigable in- 
 tegrity, preserved by the influence of a philanthropic Providence 
 for a kingdom in the world to come. The Christian republican, 
 responsible to his governor for a rational subjection and sober 
 resemblance to him, is subservient and subordinate to the singular 
 suggestions and surprising information and significant instruction 
 of Holy Scripture. In the temperance society, of which he is a 
 member, he obtains an introduction, and that not unexpected, to a 
 sober, satisfying, celestial resurrection in the world to come, the 
 essential characteristic of this resurrection being, a universal won- 
 der and thanksgiving. 
 
 § 20.— EXERCISE ON PHRASEOGRAPHY. 
 
 (See Key No. 23.) 
 
 Natche. — As far as nature appears or can be explored, it is 
 wonderful in all its forms and operations. It is, indeed, worthy 
 of the wisdom as well as the goodness of the Creator, who is as 
 great as he is gracious, and as good as he is glorious. Nature in 
 most of its objects pleases the eye at the same time that it grati- 
 fies the heart. Are not the flowery scenes of spring fair? I 
 have seen the rose in its loveliness; I have been in the presence 
 of the dew-spangled lily; I have had before me, at once, a crowd 
 of nature's beauties; and I felt a joy with which it is not possi- 
 ble to be affected amidst the boasted works of art. I am fond of 
 nature. I love, and particularly in spring, to enjoy its sweets. 
 Yet nature, also in other seasons, has its charms, which must not 
 be passed over without observation. View summer in her prime, 
 or accompany her as soon as she recommends herself by her
 
 28 THE reporter's assistant. 
 
 full-blown splendor. Take, then, as soon as possible, your morn- 
 ing walks. You could not enjoy a pleasure more invigorating 
 than this; and, therefore, if it is but for an hour, you should not 
 forego it. If it be good for us to take exercise, it would be best 
 to do so with the rising mo0n. I have done it, and I have not 
 done it in vain. Why speak of ease? You are not made for 
 sloth, and you will not be commended for indulging it. Nature 
 is active. Its operations seem to urge us to exertion. Many 
 there are, and yet many there are not, who profit by copying 
 nature in its active powers. It is said that nature is bleak and 
 forbidding in some of the parts and properties with which it 
 is furnished. I do not, I am .not, indeed, inclined, in a certaia 
 sense, to deny this. If it had not been so, variety and contrast 
 could not be enjoyed. Nature, in winter, may be desolate and 
 deterring, but it is not, nor ought it to be void of interest to us. 
 Has the howling blast or the drifted snow, no charms to the con- 
 templative mind ? It must not be thought that it has not. Va- 
 riety is agreeable. For instance, spring comes immediately after 
 winter, and it is on this account a more pleasant change than that 
 which it would have been, had this not been the case. When 
 spring returns we observe a striking contrast introduced to our 
 view, and it may be in some measure owing to this circumstance, 
 that we are charmed with its arrival. You must have noticed 
 the rugged rock, and the steep sterile mountain. Some may think 
 that these ought not to have been made, or that they might have 
 been done without in nature's field, since it would be more 
 uniform if they could be removed from our view. This, as far 
 indeed as we can judge, must be a mistaken notion. In having 
 no mountains, no rocks, no caverns, nature could not be complete, 
 or what we think it should be. In such case, we should have 
 to lament the want of many things which to have is now amongst 
 our greatest blessings, and of which it may be difficult to say, if 
 we were deprived of them, what we should do to sustain or re- 
 pair the loss. Besides, where would be that magnificent scene,'/ 
 and those lovely prospects which are such striking illustrations 
 of the power and goodness of the Deity f
 
 THE REPORTKR's ASSISTANT. 29 
 
 § 21.— SPEECH OF LAMARTINE. 
 
 JJEI-ITERED IX THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLT OF FRANCE. 
 
 (An Exercise for Practice. See Key.)* 
 
 The question has been, for the last two days, not only to decide 
 whether the President of the Republic shall be elected by the 
 people or by the National Assembly, but also whether there shall 
 be a President at all, what shall be the form of his government, 
 whether it shall be in one or more hands, if it shall be arbitrarily 
 subject to the opinion of the majority, if it shall be triennial or 
 quinquennial. All these points have been called in question. 
 Just now it has been recommended to us to constitute a temporary 
 and transitory power. To the question whether the republic shall, 
 or shall not, have a President, I shall only reply by a very few 
 words. I refer to history, and I see that all French assemblies — 
 all those who have seriously wished to constitute a government — 
 have admitted and sought to carry into practice that distinction of 
 functions. The question is one of functions, and they must be 
 distinct. I see, on the other hand, the Long Parliament and the 
 Convention taking in hand, not only, as was just now recommended, 
 the legisfative and the executive power, but also the only other 
 power necessary to complete tyranny — the judicial power, and 
 thus giving an idea of what has been called, a unitary power. I 
 invoke that example, and I tell you, that if you think the necessi- 
 ties of the country demand tliat terrible intensity — that power 
 which is to be met with, not as an appeal, but as a scarecrow in 
 our history — carry the principle out. Assume also the judicial 
 power, and then call yourselves by your true name, call yourselves 
 tlie reign of terror. You will not do so. The country does not 
 wish it, and it is right. (Hear, hear, and agitation.) I will now 
 
 • This specimen of reporting style is taken from the Reporter's 
 Magazine, Dec. 1848, and is by T. A. Reid,the leading phonogra- 
 phic reporter of Great Britain, and now sole editor of the above 
 journal. 
 
 3»
 
 30 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 
 
 say something of another form of government — that of committees. 
 The danger of that form is its irresponsibility. The government 
 of committees has another inconvenience. Governments of se- 
 veral heads are always weak. I now come to the question which 
 has more particularly excited my attention: the form of nomina- 
 tion of the President, by you or by the country. The people, be 
 it remembered, are jealous— such was at all times their nature; 
 and susceptible— for they had been so often betrayed. Well, 
 then, l^t it not be attempted, in this question of the Presidentship, 
 to give the people reason to suppose that we want to deprive them 
 of their right of election. Let that right be accorded to them 
 largely, fully, and sincerely, without any reservation, and without 
 any desire to keep anything back from them. Be sure that if the 
 President of the Republic is elected by the National Assembly, it 
 will be said that he is the privileged man of the Assembly, that 
 he is the favorite of the Parliament. This executive power will 
 be no longer the beacon of the nation. He will be no more than 
 the hand to mark the hour of your wills and of your caprices. 
 It may be said, "You are going to review the parties which devour 
 France; you are going to take the great census, to recruit from all 
 the anti-rep-ublican parties; you are going to unite legitimists, 
 Orleanists, &c. ; you are going to make this census, and yet you do 
 not tremble." I reply that it is ridiculous to feel any concern 
 about some tew votes which may be thrown away on names of 
 men who have lost their quality as citizens. I declare that these 
 men will not present themselves. What! gentlemen, do you 
 believe that these men who reside in a foreign land would not 
 consider it as an abdication of their divine right, if they were to 
 come and put forward a candidateship of a few years— a precarious 
 candidateship ? What ! that government which had all the means 
 of power, and which rather fell of itself than was overthrown, 
 would it endeavor to return, at the end of six months, concealed 
 in a ballot box? No! the thing is impossible. But if that is im- 
 possible with regard to the two dynasties which I have just 
 alluded to, is it not equally so for another f What occupies all 
 minds is the fear that the fanaticism of certain men may mistake 
 a duty, and attaching themselves to the heirs — I do not say of
 
 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 31 
 
 Other persons' glory, for glory is a matter to which relatiorjship 
 gives no right — but to that fame which carries away so easily a 
 nation like ours, may create what yon, and what I myself look on 
 as a danger. Is such a danger real? I cannot say. It is not given 
 to me, more than to you, to lift up the veil of the future. But 
 permit me to say that I am convinced that the heirs of whom I 
 speak, do not think of any attempt at usurpation. They have 
 declared it themselves in this tribune, and I believe their words 
 as honest men. The real danger of the republic of February, is 
 its passage through the perilous reflux which follows all revolu- 
 tions. I will not affirjn that France is not republican. I am 
 perfectly convinced that if France is not yet republican by her 
 habits, if she is still monarchical by her vices, she is republican 
 by her ideas. For some months back the universal confidence at 
 first felt has been changed into a distrust, into a kind of disaffec- 
 tion. Whence arose that change? The days of May and of June, 
 the embarrassment of our financial crisis, the general distress, the 
 difficulties of tlie situation, all served to bring it about. Every 
 one contributed to it. Some wished to exaggerate their republican 
 zeal, to carry it too far. Others said to the people, " Behold, the 
 republic is the subversion of family ties and property; it is ca- 
 lumny and violence, pursuing the best citizens by false denuncia- 
 tions." From department to department, from one country district 
 to another, these declarations were made. And thus it was, by 
 calumnious assertions, that all enthusiasm was cooled, all affection 
 for the republic lessened. And is it in such a state of things that 
 we are recommended to declare to this country, in so great a pro- 
 portion set against the republic, that we deprive it of the exercise 
 of its sovereignty ; that we banish it from its own republic, as, 
 for thirty four years, nineteen out of every twenty electors were 
 banished under the monarchy. If I wanted to throw discredit on 
 the republic, I could not invent anything that could prove more 
 fatal to it. I, for my [)art, maintain that a President nominated 
 by the Assembly would not be anything else than a part of the 
 Assembly, and not a distinct function, and that the existence of 
 such a power would still more tend to weaken the respect of the 
 people for the chief power. Universal suffrage alone can give it
 
 33 THE reporter's assistant. 
 
 strength. I believe firmly in the incorruptibility of the mass of 
 the citizens; and, on the other hand, I have no doubt that un- 
 worthy motives would be attributed to the members of the As- 
 sembly. If there are dangers in consulting the masses, if the 
 multitude can be fascinated and led away, we shall perhaps 
 perish. (No! no!) I say "perhaps." But should the republic 
 perish, and we with it, we will exclaim, with the conquered hero 
 of Pharsalia, "Victrix causa diis placuil, sed victa Catoni," and 
 posterity shall be our judge. (Loud applause, which lasted for 
 some time.} 
 
 § 22.— FICTION.* 
 
 (An Exercise for Practice. See Key.) 
 
 The influence of works of fiction is unbounded. Even the 
 minds of well-informed people are often more stored with charac- 
 ters from acknowledged fiction than from history or biography or 
 the real life around them. We dispute about those characters as 
 if they were realities. Their experience is our experience. We 
 adopt their feeUngs and imitate their acts, and so there comes to 
 be something traditional even in the management of the passions. 
 Shakspeare's historical plays were the only history to the Duke of 
 Marlborough. Thousands of Greeks acted under the influence of 
 what Achilles or Ulysses did in Homer. The poet sings of the 
 deeds that shall be. He imagines the past; he forms the future. 
 Yet how surprisingly interesting is real life when we get an 
 insight into it. Occasionally a great genius lifts up the veil of 
 history, and we see men who once really were alive, who did not 
 live only in history, or amidst the dreary page of battles, levies, 
 sieges, and their sleep-inducing weavings and unweavings of po- 
 litical combination. We come, ourselves, across some spoken or 
 written words of the great actors of the time, and are then fascin- 
 ated by the reality of these things. Could you have the life of 
 any man really portrayed to you, sun-drawn, as true; its hopes, its 
 
 • From the Reporter's Magazine for February 1849.
 
 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 33 
 
 fears, its revolutions of opinion in each day; its most anxious 
 wishes attained, and then, perhaps, erystalizing into its blackest 
 regrets; such a -work would go far to contain all histories, and be 
 the greatest lesson of love, humanity and tolerance, that men had 
 ever read. 
 
 Now fiction does attempt something like the above. In history 
 we are cramped by important facts, that must, however, be set 
 down ; by theories that must be answered, evidence that must be 
 weighed, views that must be taken. Our facts constantly break 
 off just where we should wish to examine them most closely. 
 The writer of fiction follows his characters into the recesses of 
 their hearts. There are no closed doors for him. His puppets 
 have no secrets from their master. He plagues you with no 
 doubts, no half views, no criticism. Thus they thought, he tells 
 you; thus they looked; thus they acted. Then, with every oppor- 
 tunity for scenic arrangement (for, though his characters are con- 
 fidential with him, he is only as confidential with his reader as 
 the interest of the story will allow), it is not to be wondered at 
 that the majority of readers should look upon history as a task, 
 and tales of fiction as a delight. 
 
 The greatest merit of fiction is one so ably put forward by Sir 
 James Mackintosh, namely, that it creates and nourishes sympathy. 
 It extends this sympathy, too, in directions where, otherwise, we 
 hardly see when it would have come. But it may be objected 
 that this sympathy is indiscriminate, and that we are in danger 
 of mixing up virtue and vice, and blurring both, if we are led to 
 sympathize with all manner of wrong-doers. But, in the first 
 place, virtue and vice are so mixed in real life, that it is well to 
 be somewhat prepared for that fact. And, moreover, the sym- 
 pathy is not wrongly directed. Who has not felt intense sympathy 
 for Macbeth'? Yet could he be alive again with evil thoughts 
 against "the gracious Duncan," and could see into all that has been 
 felt for him, would that be an encouragement to murder? The 
 intense pity of wise people for the crimes of others, when rightly 
 represented, is one of the strongest antidotes against crime. We 
 have taken the extreme case of sympathy being directed towards 
 bad men. How often has fiction made us sympathize with ob-
 
 34: THE reporter's ASSISTANT. 
 
 scure suffering, and retiring greatness: with the world-despised, 
 and especially with those mixed characters in whom we might 
 otherwise see but one color ; with Shylock and with Hamlet, with 
 Jeanie Deans and with Claverhouse, with Sancho Panza as well 
 as with Don Quixote? 
 
 On the other hand, there is a danger of too much converse with 
 fiction leading us into Dreamland, or rather into Lubber-land. Of 
 course, this " too much converse" implies large converse with in- 
 ferior writers. Such writers are too apt to make life as they 
 would have it for themselves. Sometimes, also, they must make 
 it to suit the bookseller's rules. Having such power over their 
 puppets they abuse it. They can kill these puppets ; change their 
 natures suddenly, reward or punish them so easily, that it is no 
 wonder they are led to play fantastic tricks with them. Now if 
 a sedulous reader of the works of such writers should form his 
 notions of real life from them, he would occasionally meet with 
 rude shocks when he encountered the realities of that life. 
 
 For my own part, notwithstanding all the charms of life in 
 swiftly written novels, I prefer real hfe, where nothing is tied up 
 neatly, but all in odds and ends; where the doctrine of compensa- 
 tion enters largely; where we are often more blamed when we 
 least deserve it; where there is no third volume to make things 
 straight ; and where many an Augustus marries many a Belinda, 
 and, instead of being happy ever afterwards, finds that there is a 
 growth of trials and troubles for each successive period of man's 
 life. 
 
 In considering the subject of fiction, the responsibility of the 
 writers thereof is a matter worth pointing out. We see clearly 
 enough that histories are to be limited by facts and probabihties, 
 but we are apt to make a large allowance for the fancies of writers 
 of fiction. We must remember, however, that fiction is not false- 
 hood. If the writer puts abstract virtues into book clothing, and 
 sends them upon stilts into the world, he is a bad writer. If he 
 classifies men, attributes all virtue to one class and all vice to 
 another, he is a false writer. Then, again, if his ideal is so poor 
 that he fancies men's welfare to consist in immediate happiness— 
 if he means to paint a great man and paints only a greedy one—
 
 THE reporter's ASSISTANT. , 35 
 
 he is a mischievous writer: and not the less so ahhough by lamp- 
 light and amongst a juvenile audience, his coarse scene-painting 
 should be thought very grand. He may be true to his own fancy, 
 but is false to nature. The writer, of course, cannot get beyond 
 his own ideal ; but, at least, he should see that he works up to it, 
 and if it is a poor one, he had better write histories of the utmost 
 concentration of dullness, than amuse us with unjust und untrue 
 imaginings. 
 
 {From " Friends in Council.'") 
 
 § 23.— HINTS TO NOVITIATE REPORTERS.* 
 (An Exercise for Practice. See Key.) 
 
 The first piece of advice we should give to the novitiate re- 
 porter is that which is contained in the Reporter's Book, and which 
 cannot be too often impressed upon the mind. " The young pho- 
 nographer should never let his desire to write sieiftly, exceed his 
 determination to write correctly. It is the same in short-hand as 
 in long-hand; he that first learns to write well will in the course 
 of time write both well and quickly, whereas he that dashes away 
 at the commencement, before his hand is habituated to truth of 
 form, will never write well, and though he may write quickly he 
 can never read what he has written with any degree of rapidity 
 and certainty.-' We have known several amateur phonographers 
 who, by dint of practice, have acquired the ability to take down 
 nearly the whole of a lecture or address, but who, from not having 
 attended to the advice here given have found it a matter of con- 
 siderable difficulty to transcribe their report. Had they adopted 
 the plan of moving slowly and surely, the end they have in view 
 would be much more speedily attained. 
 
 With this caution we would point out some of the methods 
 which may be adopted by those who are anxious to transfer to 
 paper the words of a speaker as they proceed from his lips. 
 
 • From an article by T. A. Reid in the Reporter's Magazine 
 for March 1 847.
 
 36 THE reporter's assistant. 
 
 First, we would remark that no one should neglect to take down 
 as much as possible of the sermons, speeches, &c., he may hear. 
 Many phonographers, anxious no doubt to forward themselves, 
 often let slip many a golden opportunity which is afforded them 
 ^ of taking notes of public addresses: in some instances, we think, 
 owing to their having met with but little success in their first 
 endeavors. First attemjjts at reporting are seldom successful, and 
 often have the effect of disheartening the practitioner, but if they 
 are assiduously persevered in they never fail to command success. 
 As advised in the Reporter's Book, we recommend the writer who 
 cannot take a verbatim report to write, as far as possible, complete 
 sentences rather than detached phrases having no connection. It 
 is by no means necessary that he should study to write in the 
 most abbreviated style at first, for by this course the mind is apt 
 to become embarrassed and little progress is consequently made. 
 We recommend that every report taken should be carefully re- 
 vised. This practice will be attended with most beneficial results. 
 Another method of practice which has often been referred to is that 
 of writing from another person's reading. The chief part of our 
 own practice during the first two years of our acquaintance with 
 phonography was from dictation, and we can therefore confidently 
 speak of its excellency, and recommend its universal adoption. 
 Simple books should be first chosen, or reports from newspapers- 
 after which more diflicult subjects may be treated of Though a 
 revision of the notes may not be so necessary in this case as in 
 the former, yet much benefit will be derived from the perusal of 
 what has been written. Where it is practicable, phonographers 
 should meet together for practice, each reading in his turn for 
 about a quarter of an hour at a time. 
 
 Note. — In the following Key we have occasionally dotted in a 
 line to show the position of certain words. It will, however, be 
 of advantage to the reader to rule lines between the ticks on the 
 marginal columns, by which he will be enabled to ascertain readily 
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 '
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 »■!-» A T1"V
 
 Z56 Patterson- 
 r27r The reporter's 
 
 assistant. 
 
 LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 928 9 
 
 Z56 
 P27r 
 
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