1M7 
 
A 
 

 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
 PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND 
 MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID 
 
' X 
 
 *&r***'*^& 
 
THE 
 
 OR, 
 
 MONTHLY REMEMBRANCER 
 
 OP 
 
 FIELD DIVERSIONS. 
 
 BY THE AUTHOR OF 
 
 THE BRITISH FIELD SPORTS. 
 
 ilon&on : 
 
 PRINTED FOR SHERWOOD, NEELY, AND JONES, 
 
 PATERNOSTER-ROW. 
 
 1818. 
 
W. WILSON, Printer, -t, Greville-Street, London. 
 
L5 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 THE BRITISH FIELD SPORTS having been 
 honoured with so considerable a share of public 
 patronage, and experienced such an extensive 
 circulation, the Author felt anxious to con- 
 tribute still further to general convenience. He 
 therefore compiled the present EPITOME, and 
 flatters himself that it will be found to contain 
 matter of general interest to the great body of 
 SPORTING GENTLEMEN, and of those also who 
 have the ambition of becoming SPORTSMEN. 
 To the protection of such, he respectfully com- 
 mits it. 
 
 fiSTM ! 
 
This Day is published, 
 A NEW % ELEGANT WORK, ENTITLED, 
 
 EMBRACING PRACTICAL INSTRUCTIONS IN 
 SHOOTING, HUNTING, COURSING, RACING, FISHING, &c. 
 
 Tfith Observations on the Breaking and Training of Dogs 
 
 and Horses ; also, the Management of Fowling 
 
 Pieces, and all other Sporting Implements. 
 
 BY WILLIAM HENRY SCOTT. 
 
 This Work is beautifully printed on fine paper, hot-pressed, 
 and completed in Twelve Parts, price 3s. each, in Demy Svo. 
 and 5*. in Royal; except Part XII. the price of which is 4*. 
 Demy, and 7s. Royal. Complete, price of the Demy Svo. 
 I/. 8*. in Boards, and of the Royal 31. 3s. It is illustrated 
 with upwards of Fifty highly-finished Engravings, Thirty- 
 four on Copper, executed in the most characteristic style of 
 excellence by those eminent Artists, SCOTT, WARREN, GREIG, 
 TOOKEY, DAVENPORT, HANSON, and WEBB, from paintings 
 by REINAGLE, CLENNELL, ELMER, and BARRENGER ; the 
 remainder cut on wood, by CLENNELL, THOMPSON, AUSTIN,. 
 and BEWICK. 
 
 The Author's object has been, to present, in as compressed 
 a form as real utility would admit, Instructions in all the 
 various FIELD SPORTS in modern practice ; thereby forming 
 a book of general reference on the subject, and including, in 
 one volume, what could not otherwise be obtained without 
 purchasing many and expensive ones. The means he has 
 possessed for accomplishing so desirable a purpose, he trusts, 
 have enabled him to produce such a Work on the subject of 
 FIELDSPORTS, as, in point of paper, printing, illustration, and 
 embellishment, is not to be equalled in the English Language. 
 
 " It gives us pleasure to observe the respectability of the 
 Work entitled, " BRITISH FIELD SPORTS." In this kingdom 
 the Sports of the Field are highly characteristic and interest- 
 ing : as gentlemanly diversions they have been pursued with 
 an avidity as keen, and a taste as universal, as the relish of 
 nature's beauties : a corresponding value is set on them, and 
 an appropriate polish is added by time and practice : the va- 
 rious minutiae in the knowledge of which, and the technical 
 distribution of this knowledge, together with facts, instruc- 
 tions, and anecdotes, form the basis of this valuable publi- 
 cation." Farmer' 3 Journal, March 23, 1 8 1 S. 
 
Sporting Engagements. 
 
 SHOOTING. 
 
 HEATH ANP MOOR GAME ; 
 PARTRIDGE ; HARE ; 
 FLAPPERS; LANDRAIL; 
 FEN OR AQUATIC BIRDS. 
 
 HUNTING. 
 COURSING. 
 FISHING. 
 
 PIKE; TROUT; SALMON; 
 PERCH ; ROACH ; DACE ; 
 CHUB; BREAM; BAR- 
 BEL ; EELS ; GRAYLING ; 
 CARPf AXD TENCH. 
 
 RACING. 
 
 AT WARWICK, MORPETH, 
 BEDFORD, AYR, BUR- 
 DEROP, PONTEFRACT, 
 ENFIELD, CRICHLADE, 
 LITCHFIELD, BASING- 
 STOKE, BURTON-UPON- 
 TRENT, SHREWSBURY, 
 KINGSCOTE, DUMFRIES, 
 LINCOLN, NORTHAMP- 
 TON, LEICESTER, DON- 
 CASTER, CHIPPENHAM, 
 BEECLES, OSWKSTRY, 
 WALSALL. 
 
 
Sportsman's Calendar and [SEPT. 
 
 OHOOTING, our most general rural diversion, has 
 its well-known commencement on the first day of 
 this month, which may be properly styled the 
 commencement of the Sporting Year. Shooting 
 in this month, of all the Field Sports, attracts the 
 most general, and with many, the sole attention ; 
 it being rather a season of training for hounds, in 
 Hunting and Coursing, than of much real busi- 
 ness : and with respect to the leading and favourite 
 diversion, the pursuit of the partridge is the grand 
 object, to which even Grouse shooting) so lately 
 commenced, gives place for a time. The Sports- 
 man who aims at reputation in the field, in unison 
 with his own highest gratification, will, as the 
 most indispensable preliminaries, be provided 
 with staunch dogs, well-proved guns, comfortable 
 and neat sporting attire, and every other requisite 
 for the pleasurable occasion ; and will, beyond 
 all things, fortify his mind with prudent fore- 
 cast against those dreadful accidents which too 
 often damp the pleasures of the field. Those 
 who in this month, find leisure from the pursuit 
 of the partridge, to turn their attention to the 
 quail and landrail, in those countries where they 
 are to be found, will observe, that when a bevy of 
 
SEPT.] Monthly Remembrancer. 3 
 
 quail are disturbed, they separate in rising, and 
 scarcely ever, at that time, rejoin. The birds fly 
 to a short distance, and are easily shot on the 
 wing, but run the instant they reach ground, and 
 generally escape. The Landrail is a solitary 
 bird, lying on the stubbles and grass ; it flies 
 slowly, and to a short distance, sometimes light- 
 ing on a bush or twig, running on the ground 
 like the quail. In speaking of the superior at- 
 traction of partridge-shooting during this month, 
 an exception must be made of the devoted 
 ANGLER, who suffers no other to interfere with 
 his favourite diversion. In the HEAD to each 
 Month, he will find a list of the fish in season ; as 
 will our TURF friends a list of the Places in which 
 Races are held ; in the mean time, we proceed 
 in the regular line of our instructions on the 
 various sports, and the particulars relative thereto, 
 as indicated by the Table of Contents and the 
 Marginal References. 
 
 The Sportsman's first object is his GUN ; his 
 next, how to use it : his DOGS follow. Con- 
 siderable improvements have been made with- 
 in the last thirty years, both in the barrel and 
 lock of the gun, with respect to quickness and 
 accuracy of discharge, and still greater as to or- 
 nament and high price. Double-barrel guns 
 have come much into use, and seem to accord 
 with the desires of the eager Sportujnan. Good 
 
4 Sportsman's Calendar and [SEPT, 
 
 pieces may be purchased in most, or all of our 
 large towns; but the choicest, as well as the 
 highest priced, are, in course, to be met with in 
 the metropolis, where are generally half a dozen, 
 or upwards, of makers, distinguished for their 
 reputation. Among these are to be found the 
 recent inventions, such as water-proof and fulmi- 
 nating locks, and detonating barrels ; novelties 
 which, however highly-prized by individuals, 
 have not yet received the sanction of general 
 approbation. It would be of little use to describe 
 these novel applications of inventive art, since, in 
 order to obtain adequate ideas, it is necessary to 
 see and try them. The cost of one of these su- 
 perior pieces, at first hand, may be as high as 
 seventy guineas, but they are often to be met 
 with upon much lower terms, at the warehouses 
 of Wilson, in Vigo-Lane, or Cuff) in New Bond- 
 Street. Economists may purchase, whether in 
 London or the country, a good serviceable and 
 neat single gun, at a price between ten and 
 twenty guineas. 
 
 The SPORTING ARMS in present use, are, the 
 common Fowling Piece, the double-barrelled Gun, 
 the long Shore, or Duck Gun, and the short barrel, 
 for Partridge and Pheasant shooting in woods 
 and covers. The latter, about two feet eight 
 inches in the barrel, are found extremely conve- 
 nient, and said to do execution at an equal dis- 
 
SEPT.] Monthly Remembrancer. 5 
 
 tance with the three, or even old four feet pieces ; 
 at any rate, they are fully sufficient at a reason- 
 able distance. The London cylindrical twisted 
 barrels, hammered to perfection, and the im- 
 proved cocks, with the elegant finish of the 
 piece, are now generally allowed to approach 
 the nearest to perfection. The old breech- 
 ing by a pin or plug, very sufficient indeed, 
 seems to have given place among fashionable 
 makers, to Nock's solid breeching, by which, 
 from the pan being posited nearer to the charge, 
 the advantage has been obtained of a quicker ex- 
 plosion, and some suppose, of a more forceful pro- 
 jection of the shot. An object of the greatest 
 consequence is, that the barrel has been tho- 
 roughly proved, for which the purchaser must 
 chiefly depend upon the reputation and integrity 
 of the person of whom he purchases. This con- 
 sideration is still of greater consequence with re- 
 spect to double guns, the barrels of which should 
 be particularly substantial, round and entire; as 
 formerly, it was the custom to file away the sub- 
 stance of each barrel, in order to their union with 
 a solder of lead and tin. The TOUCH HOLE, not 
 made so large as formerly, is now almost always 
 of platina, which stands the action of fire better 
 than gold. 
 
 The LOCK must not act with too great force or 
 ^tiffness, nor too much facility, the same of the 
 B 2 
 
6 Sportsman's Calendar and [SEPT, 
 
 TRIGGER. The HAMMER must be of middling 
 temper, not so hard that the flint will make no 
 impression, nor yet so soft, or like lead, that fire 
 will be extracted with uncertainty. It may be 
 new steeled when too much worn. The solid 
 Cock falling on its end, instead of being stopped 
 in the middle, by the lock plate, has a fashionable 
 preference. The utility of the gravitating stops, 
 intended to insure against accidents with double 
 guns, whilst cocked, has not been yet confirmed ; 
 as to the cheek-piece, and scroll-guard, they were 
 invented, as it turned out, for the purpose of being 
 laid aside. Gun-stocks of the best quality, are m ade 
 of walnut tree; ash and maple are occasionally used 
 for the purpose. In ordering a gun of the maker, 
 precise directions may be given, at the convenience 
 of the Sportsman, as to the length, curve, or ta- 
 pering of a stock. The long stock has two ad- 
 vantages ; there is less danger of injury should 
 the barrel burst, and the flash of the priming is 
 at greater distance from the eyes. A piece 
 should be well balanced by sufficient weight at 
 the shoulder, but should the butt be overloaded, 
 the weight will be fatiguing. The RAMROD is 
 usually furnished with a screw or worm, similar 
 to that of the cork-screw, having a brass cap, and 
 it is most effective in drawing any kind of wad- 
 ding. 
 
 POWDER AND SHOT. It is cheapest to buy 
 
SEPT.] Monthly Remembrancer. 7 
 
 gunpowder of the best quality, which may be 
 had at the upper shops of almost any town ; and 
 safest not to keep too large a quantity in the 
 house. Being laid in, dry, and preserved in a 
 proper tin magazine, securely placed in a dry 
 closet or drawer, under lock and key, it will sel- 
 dom or never need drying by the fire, or be sub- 
 ject to accident. Should it be necessary to dry 
 powder, the safest mode is in a dish placed over 
 boiling water, entirely at a distance from the fire ; 
 indeed the rule ought to be held sacred, never to 
 bring gunpowder within reach of fire or candle. 
 As to Shot, the gunner may indifferently, and 
 with perhaps equal effect, make use of the com- 
 mon, the patent, or the unglazed ; or may, if he 
 pleases, oil his shot, with the expectation, well 
 grounded or otherwise, of preventing the barrel 
 from being leaded. The size of shot is indicated 
 by the following terms, mould A BB B 
 No. 1 to 9. Of the two extremes mould shot 
 average at about sixteen to the ounce ; No 9, at 
 970. The first, to No. 1, are calculated for the 
 largest fowls : A and No. 1 particularly, for shore 
 shooting. No. 7, or that mixed with larger shot, 
 are fittest for general use. No. 2 and 4 for shoot- 
 ing through thick wood. No. 9 are next to 
 dust shot. 
 
 The transparent black Brandon FLINTS are su- 
 perior to all others, and of such, plenty should be 
 
8 Sportsman's Calendar and [SEPT. 
 
 provided. The flint should be fixed with the flat 
 side upwards, screwed in with leather, and should 
 stand sufficiently clear of the hammer. Those 
 who are particular, stamp their leathers with a 
 punch, changing them as often as their flints. The 
 flint is made to strike higher or lower, by the 
 mode of screwing it in, and by using thicker lea- 
 ther when the former is required. 
 
 The best WADDING is made of Leather-cutters' 
 roundings and old hat ; pasteboard is also used, 
 but brown paper most commonly. The larger the 
 calibre, or bore of the barrel, the thicker should 
 be the wadding. The cap of the ram-rod should 
 be broad enough to prevent the wad from turning 
 in the barrel. Wadding; is fitted for the bore in 
 
 o 
 
 use, by punching upon a block of hard wood. 
 
 In the TRIAL of a Gun for purchase, the barrel 
 should be first detached from the stock and ex- 
 amined internally to detect any crack, flaw, or 
 chink, which may harbour impurities, and be 
 ultimately dangerous. The lock and furniture 
 being found satisfactory, the piece should then be 
 tried by firing it ten or a dozen times, at a mark, 
 with various sized shot at different distances. A 
 quire of the thickest brown paper is the best 
 mark, a fresh sheet being placed in front, and 
 another behind it, for every shot. A good piece 
 should carry the shot sufficiently round and close, 
 without scattering or dropping, to the distance of 
 
SEPT.] Monthly Remembrancer. 9 
 
 sixty yards ; which defects may be most plainly 
 discovered by shooting over water. 
 
 The RECOIL or kick of a good piece will be 
 smart, but ought not be too heavy or alarming. 
 A too heavy shock may be occasioned by defec- 
 tive formation of the barrel or breech, or from 
 the stock being straight. Tt will also result from 
 an improper or unequal charge, too hard ram- 
 ming, or foulness. Holding the gun too loosely 
 to the shoulder necessarily increases the effect of 
 the shock. The most common causes of that fatal 
 accident, BURSTING of the barrel, are, in the first 
 place bad materials, or insufficient substance ; 
 also, foulness with an old charge, over charging, a 
 quantity of earth or snow entering the barrel, in 
 the passage over irregular ways, or a vacuum 
 being left between powder and shot. A gun 
 being fired, with its muzzle thrust an inch or two 
 into water, will burst ; a caution to be observed 
 by those who shoot fish. Lord Coleraine, a vete- 
 ran and experienced judge of fire-arms, tells us, 
 in his book " If one barrel weighs only three 
 pounds and a half, and another four pounds and 
 a half, the latter will carry a larger charge, shoot 
 stronger, and. having more resistance from its su- 
 
 O ' * O 
 
 perior weight, will not strike the shoulder more 
 than the lighter barrel with a smaller charge." 
 
 His Lordship farther says " Now the ELEVA- 
 TION RIBS, so much in fashion, they undoubtedly 
 
10 Sportsman 9 s Calendar and [SEPT, 
 
 elevate the gun, by which you throw the centre 
 of the shot to a greater distance ; but if a Sports- 
 man will have his gun stocked straight, when first 
 made, this will have the same effect as the elevation 
 rib, and he will save three or four guineas expense." 
 
 LOADING. The charge in general, is one third 
 more of shot than of powder, by the measure 
 used ; or a stricken measure of powder and a 
 bwiper of shot ; but most wild fowl shooters, who 
 fire at great distances, charge with equal quan- 
 tities of powder and shot. Too heavy charges only 
 increase the recoil. To kill at the greatest possi- 
 ble distance, the best method is to increase the 
 size of the shot, the whole charge not exceeding 
 the regular quantity. The most convenient size, 
 a gun of two feet eight inches length of barrel, 
 and of a fifteen guage in the calibre, weighing 
 about five pounds three quarters, to six pounds, 
 will carry two drams and a half of powder, and 
 two ounces one quarter of shot : the same sized 
 double barrels may be loaded, each with two 
 drams of powder, and one ounce and a half of 
 shot. This proportion may be doubled for a 
 twelve pound gun, trippled for one of eighteen 
 pounds, and quadrupled for one of twenty-four : 
 the heavier and longer the barrel, the greater care 
 necessary, not to increase the quantity of shot. 
 CHARGERS of steel and horn are in common use. 
 
 In CHARGING the piece, neither the powder 
 
SEPT.] Monthly Remembrancer. 11 
 
 nor shot should be rammed hard, but merely 
 pressed into a round and close body, on which 
 the waddings should sit just tight enough to hold 
 them in that position, and to prevent an inter- 
 mixture of the powder and shot. The chief re- 
 sult of hard ramming, is a heavy and shaking re- 
 coil. The wadding must be well fitted to the 
 bore of the piece, or it may turn and let out the 
 charge, the state of which indeed, and of the 
 priming, should always be examined after much 
 shaking of the gun. In loading, gunners always 
 PRIME first, unless the piece be known to prime 
 itself. With an old battered lock, which may strike 
 at half cock, a breach of this rule may be eligible. 
 To CLEAN THE GUN. No gun should be fifed 
 more than a score times, without cleaning, not 
 only on account of the danger, but the inconve- 
 nience of hanging or missing fire. In the field 
 every opportunity should be taken, of wiping the 
 barrel, having been often fired, and the pan, 
 for which purpose a piece of cloth is more pro- 
 per than tow, the use of which may accidentally be 
 dangerous. The rule is, to load whilst the barrel 
 is yet warm from the last discharge, and before 
 the vapour becomes condensed and moist upon 
 the surface, to which then, the powder neces- 
 sarily adheres. Perhaps soap and water, at a scald- 
 ing heat, is the best scouring for the barrel, after 
 it has been detached from the stock ; or fine sand 
 may be used, the operation to be finished with a 
 
1 2 Sportsman's Calendar and [SEPT. 
 
 rincing of cold water. One end of the IRON 
 CLEANING rod, is furnished with scrapers. The 
 muzzle and touch-hole should be stopped, whilst 
 the water is shaken up and down : in conclusion, 
 the water to be passed repeatedly through those. 
 Look into the muzzle, with the touch-hole held 
 towards the light: rub the barrel thoroughly dry, 
 inside and out. The outside of the barrel and 
 the lock may be rubbed with trotter oil, or neat's 
 foot oil well clarified; but dry rubbing is of the 
 greatest use, and oil should always be well rubbed 
 of}) within twelve hours, or it will produce rust. It 
 is most safe, never to lay by a fowling piece, charg- 
 ed, but rubbed dry, barrel, lock, and pan, and the 
 touch-hole cleared ; and if the piece be left naked, 
 both the muzzle and touch-hole should be stopped. 
 The LOCK also and all its parts, must be tho- 
 roughly cleaned from impurities, oiled, and 
 some hours afterwards, rubbed thoroughly dry. 
 When needful, it must be unscrewed, with the 
 proper tools, and taken to pieces, in order to a 
 thorough internal cleansing. After thaws and 
 damp weather, arms should be examined and the 
 cases dried. For CARRIAGE of the gun, in a long 
 journey, a sail-clot h case, and an additional one of 
 oil skin, are recommended, or a TRAVELLING GUN 
 Box, in which two or three guns may lie at length, 
 like instruments in a Surgeon's case. The COP- 
 PER POWDER FLASK and SHOT BELT are the pre- 
 ferable articles in those respects. 
 
OCT.] Monthly Remembrancer. 
 
 13 
 
 October. 
 
 Sporting Engagements. 
 
 SHOOTING, 
 
 As Last Month. 
 
 PHEASANT; COCK AND 
 
 SNIPE. 
 
 HUNTING. 
 
 COURSING. 
 
 FISHING, 
 
 As Last Month, see Table. 
 
 RACING. 
 
 AT NEWMARKET, FIRST 
 MEETING, WREXHAM, 
 
 CARLISLE,EDINBURGH, 
 CALEDONIAN HUNT, 
 MONMOUTH, HOLY- 
 WELL HUNT, RICH- 
 MOND, ABERDEEN, KIN- 
 CARDINE, FORFAR, AND 
 BANFF, NEWMARKET, 
 SECOND MEETING,NGR- 
 THALLERTON, CUPAR 
 (FIFE), KELSO, PEN- 
 RITH, NEWMARKET, 
 THIRD OR HOUGHTON 
 MEETING, STAFFORD, 
 TARPOSLEY HUNT. 
 
 THE rage for partridge-shooting is now some- 
 what abated; PHEASANT shooting commences 
 with the first of this Month, and Snipe and Wood- 
 Cock shooting now have their turn. Hunting and 
 Coursing begin also to be pursued with a regu- 
 larity which is to go through the season. This 
 month, which abounds in Racing Meetings, 
 
14 Sportsman's Calendar and [Ocr. 
 
 concludes that sport for the year. Angling draws 
 near to a conclusion for the season, but may yet 
 be pursued with success, should the weather prove 
 favourable. In shooting, it should be recollected 
 that in this early season the young pheasants are 
 weak, and it is difficult to distinguish the cock 
 from the hen, which latter it has been always an 
 object to preserve. Gi*ouse shooting goes on, 
 throughout this month, with activity; and the 
 gunner who wishes to improve his hand at a quick 
 shot, pursues the hare and rabbit. In short, 
 October is a busy month, abounding in much 
 variety of sports. 
 
 SHOOTING DRESS. This includes defence from 
 cold and from external accidents, whether in 
 dangerous ways, or from venemous reptiles. As 
 lower attire, perhaps none can be more generally 
 convenient, than half-boots which lace close, with 
 a good substantial sole not too heavy, and trow- 
 sers or overalls, strongly defended within-side by 
 leathers, and thorn -proof. The sole and leather 
 of the boots should be varnished and rendered 
 water proof, although it may be necessary to ob- 
 serve, that some persons have either found, or 
 supposed, an inconvenience from the varnished 
 leather being rendered so compact as to retain and 
 condense the perspiration of the feet and lower 
 limbs. The SHOOTING JACKET AND WAISTCOAT, 
 in the early and warm season, may be made of 
 
OCT.] Monthly Remembrancer. 15 
 
 jean, satin, or nankeen, afterwards of fustian or 
 velveteen, with a sufficiency of flannel, as a defence 
 against the rheumatism. A POCKET on the left 
 side, for wadding and small articles, with a large 
 HAREPOCKET, are necessary ; and the latter should 
 either be lined with oil-skin, which may be 
 sponged, or have a thick lining which will wash. 
 The Sportsman should, in the field, be provided 
 with a small hammer, screw-driver, and every 
 little necessary portable tool, without forgetting 
 a copper wire fastened to one of his buttons, 
 always at hand, to clear the touch hole. His 
 charge for the stomach he will not probably for- 
 get twice. The SHOOTING PONEY should be per- 
 fectly steady, full master of the weight to be 
 carried, safe, and a good standing leaper. 
 
 USE OF THE GUN. In the attempt to acquire 
 the art of shooting, the first step is to get the bet- 
 ter of that trepidation at the discharge, to which 
 learners in general must be subject. This indis- 
 pensable qualification can be obtained only by 
 constant use, which, in time, will render the 
 drawing a trigger matter of perfect indifference. 
 The AIM is next to be considered, and will be best 
 acquired by firing at a dead mark, and taking 
 sparrows for the learner J s game, which indeed, 
 both in their covey and flight, resemble the par- 
 tridge. The swallow tribe, both from motives of 
 kindness and profit, as well as the robin and the 
 
16* Sfxwtsmau's Calendar and [Ocx. 
 
 wren, should be sacred from the attacks of the 
 gun. The piece agreeable to the feelings of the 
 Sportsman, with respect to length of the barrel, 
 and curve or straightness of the stock, being held 
 firmly to the shoulder, should be grasped with the 
 left hand upon the stock, near to the guard, and 
 almost upon a level with the right hand. This 
 mode must certainly be some degrees more safe, 
 in case the barrel should burst, than the old one, 
 according to which, the left hand grasped the 
 middle of the barrel; a matter of necessity, in fact, 
 with the long and heavy pieces of former days. 
 The modern direction is to take the AIM with 
 both eyes open, but many old shooters dispute 
 the propriety of such practice, and insist that, 
 the most correct aim may be taken with the sin- 
 gle eye, and in consequence,, always close the left. 
 Some learners indeed refine upon this and close 
 both. The gunner's art, then, simply consists in 
 establishing by habit, such a concert between the 
 finger and the eye, that the former shall pull the 
 trigger at the very instant the latter has found the 
 level ; that is to say, taken the aim. The point of 
 the gun, or sight, in a right line from the mark 
 upon the breech, should be levelled point blank 
 with the object of aim. The exceptions to 
 this rule arise from the expedience of taking the 
 aim higher or lower, before or behind the mark, 
 either from the particular quality or defects 
 
OCT.] Monthly Remembrancer. 17 
 
 of the Gun, or the object shot at, being on the 
 wing or running. 
 
 PARTRIDGE SHOOTING generally first engages 
 the attention of the young Sportsman. A single 
 staunch dog, pointer or setter, or a brace at most, 
 will be sufficient for a couple of gunners; and 
 one of them knowing the country, to procure 
 good sport. Circumspection and coolness are the 
 qualifications necessary to be acquired, the 
 anxious suspense in finding, having considerable 
 effect on the mind of a junior, and the flutter oc- 
 casioned by the rising of the birds, giving a simi- 
 lar Shock to that experienced on first discharging 
 the gun. The dogs pointing, and the birds being 
 sprung, let the novice mark his bird, which may 
 be allowed to advance from fifteen to twenty, or 
 even thirty yards, from its springing, when the 
 piece may be instantaneously cocked and shoul- 
 dered, and the discharge will be in time to reach 
 the mark, at thirty-five to fifty paces distance, 
 beyond which, it is seldom worth while to dis- 
 charge a gun in field shooting. In shooting fly- 
 ing at a distance of forty yards, it is generally 
 proper to take the aim, full a hand's breadth be- 
 fore foe bird ; and from that to a foot or more 
 at a long s\iot, the bird being rapidly on the wing : 
 as in cross shots, flying or running, it is necessary 
 to level some inches before the head of the object, 
 c 2 
 
18 Sportsman's Calendar and [Oci% 
 
 allowing for its degree of speed. It is an inva- 
 riable sporting rule, to take the aim at a particu- 
 lar bird, and not to fire indiscriminately into a 
 covey ; and also to kill clean, avoiding uncer- 
 tain and long shots, which seldom have any better 
 results than throwing away powder and shot, and 
 cruelly wounding and uselessly wasting game. 
 Aim at the head of a hare or rabbit, running be- 
 fore you, or that which is the same thing, shoot 
 high enough. In cross and snap shots, the gun 
 must move with the object, and the first moment 
 of fair mark be seized without hesitation, which 
 is fatal, since there can seldom be more than one 
 chance. Appropriate allowance must be made 
 for the course the object takes ; for example, it is 
 necessary to shoot somewhat before the game 
 running or flying across, and somewhat above 
 the bird rising. 
 
 The POSITION of the Shooter, in immediate 
 expectation of springing the game, should be 
 nearly, but not quite upright, the knees being 
 held in a flexible state. The left leg to be con- 
 siderably advanced in the direction of the game, 
 the foot in a line with the thigh ; the right &ot 
 to be turned outwards, to nearly a right angle 
 with the other ; at the same time the feet should 
 not be too wide apart, a common fault with gun- 
 ners. The young Sportsman should always en- 
 
OCT.] Monthly Remembrancer. 19 
 
 deavour to be cool enough to allow his game fair 
 trigger law y and not fire at such a short distance 
 as to blow it to atoms. 
 
 The DOUBLE BARRELED GUN, under skilful 
 management, is calculated to do great execution, 
 and when necessary, both barrels may be dis- 
 charged, without lowering the piece from the 
 shoulder, excepting when the wind is towards the 
 shooter, it may be necessary to lower the gun 
 momentarily and present again. Double barrels 
 yet require additional care, both with respect to 
 their solidity and the goodness of the locks, and 
 the use of them in the field. Each lock, in course, 
 must be depended on to remain firm, although 
 upon the cock, and unaffected by the discharge 
 from the other barrel. All double barrels 
 throw the shot somewhat inwards at long dis- 
 tances, whence it is proper to chuse the right 
 barrel for an object moving to the left, and the 
 contrary ; and generally, in beating along a 
 hedge-row, it is proper to make use of the barrel 
 on the hedge side. When various guns are 
 used, it is a great convenience to have all the 
 LOCKS AND TRIGGERS as nearly as possible on a 
 similar construction, otherwise the Sportsman 
 may be embarrassed in their use, whilst taking 
 his aim. There is seldom or never the necessity 
 for such haste, as cocking both guns, which may 
 lead to danger in case of forgetfulness. One 
 
20 Sportsman's Calendar and [Ocx. 
 
 barrel remaining loaded, it is a necessary caution, 
 when instant firing is not required, to examine 
 with the ramrod the state of the remaining 
 charge, and whether the shot may not have been 
 moved or lost by the shock. There is said to be 
 a danger of the barrel bursting, should a vacuum 
 be made between the wadding and the shot. 
 This is perhaps an inconvenience to which the 
 double gun ifc liable, and should be obviated by 
 substantial and careful wadding. 
 
 SHOOTING DOGS are distinguished as the Poin- 
 ter, Setter, great and small Spaniel for land or 
 water, and the Newfoundland Dog. The set- 
 ter is long-flewed, originally a spaniel taught to 
 set, or mark the game, as well as find it. This 
 breed has been, during a long time, mutually in- 
 termixed with that of the pointer, and their 
 qualifications and use are, on the whole, similar. 
 The setter however, is rather long in form, and 
 lower in stature, than the pointer; with tail, 
 quarters, and legs feathered ; in colour, generally 
 sheeted with brown, or liver colour and white. 
 This dog is active, hardy and spirited, fit for a 
 long day, and fearing no ground wet or dry, nor 
 the thickest covers, his feet being narrow, hard, 
 and well defended by hair. The setter has 
 always been of high estimation and price. 
 
 The POINTER, the name of which bespeaks his 
 grand qualification of pointing out the game to the 
 
OCT.] Monthly Remembrancer. 21 
 
 Sportsman, is supposed to have been first brought 
 to this country from Spain, and has been here 
 highly improved in form and speed. The native 
 Spaniard has perhaps the finest nose, but is too 
 slow for oar present style of Sporting, and is in 
 form, a coarse headed and heavy animal. The im- 
 proved Pointer of the present times, has originated 
 in a cross between the Spanish Pointer and the 
 lighter English Fox-hound, and sometimes the 
 Setter ; but it is generally said that, a cross with 
 the slov Southern hound produces the finest nosed 
 and steadiest Pointers. This dog is too well 
 known to need description ; the liver-brown 
 and wiite mixed, are favourites, with respect to 
 colour, which however, is of small importance, 
 granting the dog be well bred, of good form and 
 size, \vithout excess in the latter, his own weight, 
 in that case, being apt to tire him. Pointers have 
 been s*ld from ten, to one or two hundred pounds 
 each, aid are well worth breeding to the Sports- 
 man. 
 
 The SPANIEL is one of our most ancient and 
 best Inown breeds of the dog, his business 
 immemorially having been that of finding and 
 bringing of game when killed to his master, whether 
 by lend or by water. Land spaniels, of which 
 there are several varieties, are known by the fine- 
 ness of their flew, and their general delicacy and 
 symmetry, more particularly visible in the head 
 
22 Sportsman's Calendar and [Ocr. 
 
 and ear. The water spaniel is not equal in these 
 respects, and his coat is more harsh and thick. 
 There are useful and useless varieties of this 
 species, thelatter being chiefly delicate house dogs, 
 admired for their fond attachment to the human 
 race. A spaniel to be of real use in the field, 
 should be by no means high upon the legs, and 
 have sufficient substance in the loin and depth of 
 carcase. The only noticeable varieties of the 
 Spaniel at present, are the great, or Springing, 
 and the small, among which are the Cocking 
 Spaniels, and the black- mouthed variety, dis- 
 tinguished as King Charles's breed. Very few 
 comparatively, of this once-famous breed remain, 
 and although good in the field, as far as their de- 
 licacy will allow, they are far better adapted to 
 the carpet. Spaniels are used as babblers where 
 noise is wanted; to hunt coverts and thickets, 
 and in coursing to find hare and rabbit; but they 
 are much less used, on any occasion, than in for- 
 mer days. The large NEWFOUNDLAND LOG has 
 been introduced into the field, by some few per- 
 sons, with success, for the purpose of fetching and 
 carrying game, in which he is equally useful, by 
 land or water. 
 
 The SCENT. The olfactory power in the dog, 
 or keen sense of smelling, has undoubtedly been 
 bestowed upon that animal, by nature, to enable 
 him to discover his prey ; and some, the blood- 
 
OCT.] Monthly Remembrancer. 23 
 
 hound, for example, have the faculty of catching 
 and pursuing a distinct scent, although inter- 
 mixed with many others. The SCENT, or odor- 
 ous vapour, issuing from the bodies of game ani- 
 mals, in the open air, is necessarily affected by 
 various atmospheric contingencies, on which the 
 success of the Sportsman depends. In a hard 
 frost, the scent is quite locked up from the nose 
 <>f the dog, or by heavy rains; nor does it lie well 
 in chilling or parching winds. Mild, dry, or 
 slightly moist weather, are most favourable to the 
 sporting dog. Land covered with vegetation is, 
 by consequence, more retentive of scent than the 
 naked and fallow. 
 
 The Terms of Number will be found in page 
 34, and the following are the chief of the technical 
 phrases of the field, in present occasional use. 
 The Stag is said to be harboured the Buck, 
 lodged. The Stag or Buck, roused, are emprimed. 
 Marks imprinted by the Feet of Deer of any kind, 
 the View, or Slot. The Tail of Deer, the Single ; 
 Excrement, the Fuwet or Furnishings. The Fox- 
 hound challenges (with the voice). The Harrier 
 calls ; in trying back after a fault, he traverses. 
 Spaniels quest, tongue, babble, ivhinnick. Setters 
 and Pointers open or v'ick. Tired Hounds are 
 overhauled. Pointers, Spaniels, and Terriers, 
 jaded or floored. The Game, Fox or Hare, being 
 beaten^ and their death at hand, the Hounds hush 
 
24 Sportsman 9 s Calendar and [Ocr. 
 
 and run mute, the point of time at which all 
 those but the best mounted, are thrown out, for 
 want of their guide, the Cry. The Fox is ken- 
 nelled (earthed), or on the Pad; "his Ball (foot- 
 mark) Brush ; Ordure, the Billot. The Wild 
 Boar (at rest) couched; his Ordure, the Cesses ; 
 his Tail, the Wreath. The Otter, vented or 
 watched; his Foot-print, the Seal; Ordure, the 
 Suage ; his Tail, the Eel, Potter, or Pole. The 
 Hare on Form or formed ; her Pricks (foot-prints); 
 Buttons, (excrements; Tail, the Scut. The 
 Badger, earthed ; Ordure, the Plants ; Tail, the 
 Stump, Chape, or White Tip. The Squirrel, at 
 Dray; Tail, the Brush ; Ordure, Croteys. The 
 Rabbit, set; Ordure, Buttons or Croteys; Tail, the 
 Scut. The Marten Cat, tree-ed ; Ordure, the 
 Spraints ; Tail, the Brush. Pole Cats and Stoats t 
 Tail, the Drag. 
 
Nov.] Monthly Remembrancer. 25 
 
 jQobembet, 
 
 Sporting Engagement*. 
 
 SHOOTING, 
 
 As last Month. F1SH ING f 
 
 WILD FOWL, RABBIT. 
 
 HUNTING. 
 
 COURSING. 
 
 See Table. 
 
 COURSING MEETINGS, 
 
 WITH this month the proper Winter Diver- 
 sions may be said to commence, and those of Sum- 
 mer to end. Racing and Angling are now taken 
 leave of, until the ensuing spring reintroduce 
 their inviting routine. Shooting is now more 
 diversified, and the hardy gunner is making- pre- 
 paration, with his long gun and heavy charge, to 
 brave the wintry blast, by day or night, upon 
 the shore, in pursuit of Wild Fowl. The Wood- 
 cock and Snipe still more divide the Sportsman's 
 attention, with the Partridge and Pheasant. The 
 trees have become quite destitute of foliage, and 
 the pheasant loses the facility of concealing him- 
 self from view. The covers are bare, except of 
 thorns and briars, and those sportsmen who are 
 attached to cover-shooting now bring out their 
 
26 Sportsman's Calendar and [Nov. 
 
 well-trained spaniels, which resolutely thread the 
 thickest brake, leaving no accessible path or spot 
 of field, wood, or plain, unexplored ; the music 
 of their tongues, in the mean while, affording 
 equal delight to the amateur, as that of the pack, 
 to the staunch fox-hunter. The use of a well 
 broke spaniel, both in finding and bringing in 
 wounded game, is undoubted. By this time 
 every species of field game has been so thoroughly 
 disturbed, as to require the utmost skill and 
 energy of the sportsman, and the use of his most 
 killing piece : foxes also run with great resolu- 
 tion, trusting less to the cover. 
 
 BREEDING. The male and female of the canine 
 genus will procreate in their first year, but a valu- 
 able sporting bitch should be reserved until full 
 two years of age, the intermediate time being 
 spent in her education and labour, from which the 
 subsequent period of ; her breeding and suckling 
 may prove a respite. The period of gestation in 
 the bitch is sixty odd days. The terms of her heat, 
 when not intended to be put to the dog, should 
 be strictly passed under lock and key, and all the 
 silly and hurtful tricks of servants, in this case, as 
 strictly forbidden. A little nitre in her water will 
 have a good effect, during her confinement, which 
 affords also a good opportunity for a dose or 
 two of calomel, or other medicine, should any be 
 required. Spring is the natural breeding season, 
 
Nov.] Monthly Remembrancer. 27 
 
 and experience has always declared in fav 7 our of 
 Spring puppies. The bitch must not be worked 
 too late in her pregnancy, and should be well fed, 
 more particularly when she suckles; the whelps 
 should also be fed from the dairy and kitchen, as 
 soon as they will lap or eat. It is a most profitless 
 thing, to preserve any whelps which are under- 
 sized, imperfect, or defective in promise. At 
 four months old, they change their puppy, for 
 their adult teeth, which remain for life. The tips 
 of the TAILS of Hound puppies should be early 
 twisted off with the fingers, and the DEW CLAWS 
 cut off with a sharp pair of scissars, before they 
 are a week old. 
 
 The age of the dog is discoverable chiefly from 
 general appearances. At about four years old, 
 the front teeth lose their points, each of them 
 presenting a flattened surface, which increases 
 as age advances: the teeth also become less 
 white and more uneven. The front teeth suffer 
 earlier than the others, and are often broken out 
 whilst the animal is young, in dogs fed much on 
 bones, or accustomed to fetch and carry. At 
 seven or eight, the hair about the eyes becomes 
 slightly grey; gradually, similar tints extend 
 over the face. From ten to twelve years of age, 
 the dog generally breaks fast, his eyes lose their 
 lustre and become dim ; and seventeen years in the 
 dog, may be compared to seventy of the human 
 
28 Sportsman's Calendar and [Nov. 
 
 race. There are rare instances of the dog sur- 
 viving to his twenty-fourth year. The spaniel is 
 deemed the longest, and the terrier the shortest 
 lived of the canine race. 
 
 As to IMPROVEMENT in the breeding of dogs, 
 its objects are either the establishment of new 
 Varieties adapted to particular purposes, or the 
 farther advancement in excellence of form and 
 qualification, of those already established. As 
 a general rule, the dog should not be too far 
 advanced beyond the middle age, and both male 
 and female, at least of the middle size, and of the 
 best form of their species, to be procured; and 
 indeed of the best character, if that can be ascer- 
 tained, out of respect to the well-known breeding 
 maxim, like produces like. Every Sportsman will 
 be aware of the necessity, that both dog and bitch 
 be thorough bred of their kind; and in order to im- 
 prove form in the expected progeny, defects on 
 one side should be countervailed by superior shape' 
 on the other ; for example, suppose the bitch too 
 loose and weak in the loins, the dog with which 
 she is matched, should have extent and substance 
 in those parts ; and with respect to mental quali- 
 ties, such expression being allowable, a bitch 
 of a too eager and fiery spirit, should be match- 
 ed with a dog of the opposite disposition, and 
 vice versa. As to crossing breeds, if from varieties 
 merely, such practice may be rational in its ends, 
 
Nov.] Monthly Remembrancer. 29 
 
 and profitable; for instance, the crossing of one 
 gentleman's pointers or fox-hounds, with those of 
 another, living in a different part of the country, 
 or varying from his own in certain particular 
 points ; but the crossing of different species, for 
 example, the spaniel and pointer, or bull dog and 
 greyhound, from mere caprice, and on no well 
 deliberated ground of theory, is silly and child- 
 ish in the extreme. The bitch should receive 
 the male two or three times, in the interim being 
 closely confined until her heat is past. 
 
 BREAKING DOGS. The breaker or teacher of 
 the dog, or any other animal, should be chosen 
 for his patience and mildness of disposition, and 
 to be complete in his business and trust-worthy, 
 should be at least of the middle age, as boys, ac- 
 tuated by passion and caprice, too commonly do 
 irreparable mischiefs in this line. The SPANIEL 
 requires the least training of any other hunting- 
 dog, a truth, however, which is often trespassed 
 upon, by the allowance of too little. Being truly 
 bred, he will instinctively quest, find, and give 
 notice of game, and it remains to the breaker to 
 discipline him, and to regulate his natural quali- 
 fications. In the first place, to follow, and be 
 under command, with respect to obeying the 
 Sportsman's call, and keeping within his due dis- 
 tance of twenty or thirty yards; to confine his 
 attention to his proper game, and to seek and 
 D 2 
 
30 Sportsman's Calendar and [Nov. 
 
 bring in the dead or wounded, with the least in- 
 jury to it, and if possible without breaking fea- 
 ther. Some spaniels are naturally tender mouth- 
 ed, others can scarcely by any means be rendered 
 so ; and it is perhaps easier entirely to restrict 
 such from this duty, than to perfect them in it. 
 
 Dogs may be brought into the field, at from 
 eight to twelve months old, and one of the most im- 
 portant points in their education is to break them 
 thoroughly, from such objects of pursuit as sheep 
 and domestic poultry. 
 
 BREAKING the Pointer or Setter. The young 
 dog having been accustomed to follow, and to use 
 a passable degree of obedience, at large, may be 
 taken to a convenient and quiet place in his 
 CHECK-COLLAR, to which should be attached, some 
 twenty yards of line, and be very securely pegged 
 down. The breaker must be provided with a 
 WHIP and with a bag of some eatable, with which 
 to reward his pupil according to desert reward, 
 caresses and kindness, alternatory with necessary 
 punishment, being the hinges on which instruc- 
 tion must turn. The lessons to be taught should 
 be as few, simple, and comprehensive as possible, 
 and conveyed in plain terms at the discretion of 
 the breaker, or according toexisting custom. The 
 following phrases are in general use TAKE HEED ! 
 TOHO ! DOWN ! to stop or crouch down DOWN 
 CHARGE ! BACK ! COME HERE ! DEAD ! HEY ON 1 
 
Nov.] Monthly Remembrancer. 31 
 
 Go SEEK! HOLD UP! applied to nosing the ground 
 too close in the field. WARE ! a caution against 
 any object named, as WARE HORSE ! 
 
 Manuel application is necessary, in the first in- 
 stance, to direct the dog, as to the positions or 
 motions which he is required to assume ; after- 
 wards the successful breaker will only have to 
 stand and give the word distinctly, and in a plea- 
 sing tone for every separate act. The first pu- 
 nishment for disobedience should be in shew only, 
 with the crack of the whip ; and its first actual 
 application extremely moderate; and it should 
 never be forgotten that, an animal may be often 
 torpid and sullen from mere affright, which is too 
 usually mistaken for determined obstinacy, and 
 cruelly punished to no useful purpose. Instead 
 of harsh and stupi Tying treatment, time, patience, 
 and kindness are the only remedies. A gun or 
 pistol, and a head or two of dead game, partridge 
 and pheasant, should be at hand, as of obvious 
 use. The puppy must be inured to the report 
 of the gun and the smell of powder, as well 
 as regaled with the scent of game, that he may 
 not blink, shy, or skulk in the field. He must be 
 now, if ever, made tender-mouthed. The example 
 of a staunch old dog should be frequently exhibited 
 to the young, which must also be taught to obey 
 the whistle, as well as the voice. Two or three 
 puppies in check, may be pegged down, one before 
 
32 Sportsman's Calendar and [Nov. 
 
 the other, and so taught to back each other, when 
 taken into the field together ; but it is generally 
 preferred to enter a young dog singly. The best 
 bred dogs point naturally. Their drillings should 
 continue once a day during a month or nearly, but 
 never continued too long at one time, so as to fa- 
 tigue and disgust; in the interim, pleasing excur- 
 sions in the field. 
 
 " There is no one thing/' says Mr. Dobson, in 
 his curious and practical Treatise, " which makes 
 such a distinction in the scale of merit between 
 one dog and another, as the sagacious expendi- 
 ture of his powers in hunting to find, or an un- 
 meaning, undirected ramble over a country, for 
 the chance of standing at game, when he hap- 
 pens to stumble on it. Thence the consequence 
 of teaching a dog to quarter, or range over his 
 ground truly, or with exact regularity, the rarest 
 and most valuable accomplishment in a Pointer. 
 The following is a diagram, or chart of a dog's 
 course, in quartering the field, being a beat to 
 windward, with a breeze from the north. Its mean- 
 ing is sufficiently obvious, without the references, 
 too long for insertion ; exhibiting a field thoroughly 
 quartered, or beaten, in the true style of a Sports- 
 man, and no part of it left untried !" 
 
 COLLARS, CLOGS, puzzle-pegs, and other devices, 
 old and new, to check or punish the riotous, and 
 stubborn, are perhaps too well known, in propor- 
 
Nov.] Monthly Remembrancer. 33 
 
 tion to their real use. A well bred and well ma- 
 naged dog has seldom any need of them, and 
 those of the opposite description, as seldom im- 
 proved by their use. Nosing, or hunting too near 
 the ground, is often natural in the pointer, in 
 consequence of too often repeated crosses of the 
 hound. If there be any remedy in this case, it 
 must come from instruction and gentle means, 
 and an attempt to fix the meaning of HOLD UP, in 
 the memory of the animal : measures of force 
 and infliction will be full as likely to defeat, as 
 forward the desired end. 
 
 RATING, or scolding dogs, should be performed 
 with a loud voice and stern countenance. For 
 great vices and faults, the whip must be used 
 with a severity which will leave due impression 
 on the memory of the animal, and prevent the 
 necessity of repetition. But let no man attempt 
 to punish a large and powerful dog, until he is 
 securely staked down. Least of all should the 
 infamy be suffered, in servants, of cruelly whip- 
 ping and beating dogs on slight or no pretences, 
 and for errors the mere result of a want of un- 
 derstanding the lesson given. Common sense de- 
 cides that an animal ought to understand at the 
 moment, the reason why he is corrected. There 
 is great nicety of skill required in the management 
 of all sporting dogs. Strict discipline and con- 
 stant exercise are indispensable, or the best dogs 
 
34 Sportmaris Calendar and [Nov. 
 
 will become riotous, forgetful of their business, 
 or lazy ; at the same time the exercise must not 
 be laborious, and must have a mixture of plea- 
 sure and attraction in it, 
 
 A cross, and ill bred pointer is thus described by 
 Mr, Mayer, an Essex Game Keeper, "fox-muz- 
 zled small eyed bat-eared fan-eared short- 
 necked head set on like a pick- axe broad withers 
 round shoulders elbows out small legs -feet out, 
 or cat-footed thick balls round barrel round 
 croup clumsey stern set on low sickle hammed" 
 
 TERMS OF NUMBER, as applied to SPORTING 
 DOGS and GAME. NUMBER of HOUNDS, BEAGLES, 
 and HARRIERS, a couple, a couple and a half, a 
 pack. Of SPANIELS, SETTERS, POINTERS, GREY- 
 HOUNDS, TERRIERS a brace, a T,eash, or three, 
 several brace of Spaniels, a pack. In some coun- 
 ties a couple of Spaniels. 
 
 GAME. A brace or a brace and a half of PAR- 
 TRIDGES, or BIRDS ; a covey. A brace of PHEA- 
 SANTS, a leash of PHEASANTS, a ni or nide (covey) 
 of PHEASANTS. A couple, a couple and a half of 
 SNIPES, a wisp of SNIPES. A flight of WOOD- 
 COCKS. A brace, a brace and a half of QUAIL, a 
 bevy of QUAIL. A brace, a pack of GROUSE, or 
 BLACK GAME. Afiock or gaggle of WILD GEESE. 
 Flock or team of WILD DUCK. A wing of PLO- 
 VER. A trip of DOTTEREL. A shoal of COOTS. 
 
 There is also a long list of Sporting PHRASES 
 
Nov.] Monthly Remembrancer. 35 
 
 to be found in books, the majority of which have 
 been long since out of use ; the remainder, (for 
 the chief of which see page 23) also varies in 
 different parts of the country, will be very readily 
 met with and acquired in practice. 
 
 In the FIELD, a single active and staunch dog, 
 game being in reasonable plenty, will shew good 
 sport for one gunner. A brace of pointers, or 
 setters, with or without spaniels, are a handsome 
 sufficiency. Strange dogs should not be thrown 
 off together, but relieve each other in turn. 
 Strange shooting parties meeting should accom- 
 modate each other in a fair sportsmanlike way, 
 either by joining, or agreeing upon separate 
 routes. Junior sportsmen in company, should 
 first be mindful of the dangers from carelessness, 
 and next of the established rules of good breeding 
 of the field ; which last materially consists in re- 
 straining those violent impulses, by which one 
 gentleman is driven to cross another, in order to 
 obtain the first shot. Every sportsman should 
 wait for his own bird, rising on his own side, if 
 rising singly. A bird flushed between two gun- 
 ners, may be fairly shot at by both ; or the snap 
 shot by one, not killing, the long shot by the 
 other. At a covey, every shooter should mark 
 his bird, and watch its fall. Never fank the covey, 
 or fire into the midst of them, without aim ; it is 
 not the act of a sportsman ; and the same may be 
 
36 Sportsman's Calendar and [Nov. 
 
 said of rival shooting among strangers, which is 
 the endeavour to cross and interfere with the 
 sport of each other. 
 
 The PARTRIDGE, or BIRD, so styled by way of 
 eminence, consists of two or three varieties in 
 this country the native grey, the red-legged from 
 the Continent, and some mixtures with various 
 colours, occasionally, but rarely, milk white. The 
 red-legged are the largest, sometimes perching 
 on trees, whereas the grey never light but on the 
 ground. Partridges are found in corn, turnip- 
 fields, and hedge-rows. They are easily domes- 
 ticated, and the breed might be propagated to 
 any extent. The partridge breeds in June, and 
 the young birds tly within the same month. 
 Woodlands fresh broken up, abounding with ants' 
 eggs, and clovers, are the favourite haunts of this 
 bird ; and as the season advances, fallows and the 
 turnips which remain ; rough furzy heaths, 
 meadows with the shelter of old grass, and full of 
 mole-casts and underwoods, or spots abounding 
 with broom or fern. 
 
 Early in the morning, birds do not generally 
 lie well, or wait for the point, but fly off in 
 coveys; nor can they often be divided. The 
 forenoon and afternoon are very seasonable for 
 field shooting, affording, in warm weather, au 
 hours' leisure at mid-day, for refreshment of the 
 sportsman and his dogs. As the season advances, 
 
Nov.] Monthly Remembrancer. 3J 
 
 and the birds become strong and shy, it is usual 
 for the shooter to take down his best piece, and 
 to decrease, in some degree, the number of shot. 
 In a close country, and when birds have been 
 much driven and frightened, and lie almost to 
 being trodden upon, a cry of noisy spaniels will 
 have their use. These may be detached, a con- 
 venient method to those who dislike the trouble 
 of them, and sent forward with a keeper to hunt 
 turnips and other known haunts. 
 
 In throwing off young dogs, it is necessary to 
 give them the wind, which they will afterwards 
 instinctively keep, in quartering their ground. 
 As much as possible should be done with shoot- 
 ing dogs, by signal with the hand; and although 
 when staunch and under command, they may be 
 allowed an extensive range, all should be kept, 
 if possible, within sight, and young ones ever 
 within hearing. DOG and GUN have now be- 
 come the fair and gentlemanly means of sporting; 
 netting, snaring, and all the field trickery of 
 former days, being confined to poachers, which 
 spurious race of sportsmen can only be eradicated 
 by the total abolition of the absurd and tyran- 
 nical GAME LAWS, those relics of former slavery ; 
 and by the lawfully suffering game to be what it 
 really is, SALEABLE PRIVATE PROPERTY. 
 
 The distance from the theatre of action being 
 a considerable number of miles, the Dog Cart, 
 
38 Sportsman's Calendar and [Nov. 
 
 of late years in constant use, should by no means 
 be forgotten ; for field labour, earnestly persisted 
 in, is full enough for the strongest constitutioned 
 dog, without the addition of an hour or two's tra- 
 vel over the road, to shake him and lower the 
 tone of his spirit, and abate his eagerness for the 
 sport before he reaches the field. And with re- 
 gard to dogs in general, it is proper to note a 
 thoughtless abuse in many persons, not all of them 
 boys, who cannot make shift to travel without a 
 dog at their horse's heels, generally some follow- 
 ing favourite, or hearth-rug chum, without exer- 
 cise, yet occasionally and cruelly compelled to 
 follow a horse, after the rate probably of eight or 
 ten miles per hour, over a wet and heavy road, 
 his tongue lolling from his mouth, and his tail 
 loaded and draggling, with all the symptoms of 
 distress. 
 
DEC.] Monthly Remembrancer. 39 
 
 December. 
 
 Sporting Engagements. 
 
 SHOOTING, 
 
 As last Month. 
 FIELDFARE ; REDWING. 
 
 HUNTING. 
 
 COURSING. 
 
 COURSING MEETINGS. 
 
 FISHING. 
 
 GROUSE Shooting ends on the 16th of this 
 Month. The Fieldfare and Redwing now come 
 forth as minor objects of sporting attention, hav- 
 ing their share of consequence, in the light of 
 variety and diversion. Teal and Widgeon are 
 now found in great numbers, in the marshes and 
 fens ; and Plover afford good sport upon com- 
 mons, and sometimes on fresh -ploughed lands. 
 The earliest hatched young Duck and Mallard are 
 by this time in the finest condition. Fox Hunt- 
 ing is getting to the height of its glory, whilst 
 the weather remains open the bare covers and 
 fences present less difficulty to the bold and 
 eager leaper, and the horses and hounds are now 
 in high perfection of exercise, without being ex- 
 hausted, or their spirits damped, as towards the 
 
40 Sportsman's Calendar arid [DEC. 
 
 end of the season. As Christinas approaches, 
 Coursing and Coursing Meetings divide the palm 
 with Fox Hunting. Angling has ceased as a 
 sport, excepting with those to whom it is an 
 object to fish for the table ; in the same view, the 
 ponds and stews, not overstocked, should be 
 carefully attended, and the fish well fed. The 
 Net must now be chiefly depended on for supply. 
 On the setting in of frost, it is of consequence 
 that air-holes in the ice be made in time, or many 
 of the fish may have already perished. 
 
 Of the PHEASANT, we have perhaps half a 
 dozen varieties, distinguished by the beauties of 
 their plumage ; of these, the golden are the 
 highest priced. They are the product of foreign 
 stock, imported from different countries, and 
 intermixed with our indigenous breed, which is 
 of the largest size, most hardy, but of inferior 
 plumage, with respect to brilliancy and variety 
 of colours. There are breeders of pheasants in 
 London, in the way of trade, who rear several 
 hundreds in a season, for the supply of sports- 
 men. Furze-seeds sown in hedge-rows, are the 
 best coverts for pheasants. They lie upon corn 
 and stubbles as long as any remain, and in the 
 nearest covert, or hedge-rows, to be seen at feed- 
 ing times, morning and evening. Pheasants 
 naturally belonging to the party of the meritorious 
 and patriotic SIR THOMAS BARNARD, are great 
 
DEC.] Monthly Remembrancer. 41 
 
 lovers of SALT, and attached to the sea- shore and 
 marsh land, where they can find cover sufficiently 
 near. They harbour also much in clumps of 
 aquatics, growing on springy and boggy soils, on 
 which the willow and alder make good pheasant 
 covers, as furze and broom upon dry wastes. 
 Their food in winter consists of berries, insects, 
 and reptiles ; and, like tire carrion crow, the 
 pheasant, both carnivorous and granivorous, will 
 make a meal upon any dead carcase ; and, like 
 the hawk, will tear in pieces and devour alive 
 the smaller birds. They roost, in the winter 
 season, upon the middle branches of the oak. 
 Pheasants are much attached to the neighbour- 
 hood in which they have been bred, and where 
 well fed, are extremely prolific ; the case indeed 
 with game of all kinds. Every shooter knows 
 the old rule, to spare the hen pheasants, and keep 
 under the number of cocks. 
 
 In an open country, pointers only can be 
 wanted for pheasant shooting ; but in wood 
 shooting, the purest bred and strongest spaniels 
 are best adapted ; such as are not afraid to thread 
 the thickest coverts, " shagged with horrid 
 thorn." The sportsman must not be too late in 
 the morning, since, the leaves remaining, the 
 game generally lies too high to be readily sprung; 
 and he must also be aware, that in the woods, old 
 pheasants, as well as red-legged partridges, will. 
 
42 Sportsman's Calendar and [DEC. 
 
 run until they are actually coursed by the dogs, 
 no doubt instinctively apprehensive of the gun, 
 should they spring. Hence the use of well dis- 
 ciplined spaniels. The pheasant preserved would 
 probably live to twenty years of age. 
 
 GROUSE SHOOTING. The varieties of this species 
 of game are, the COCK of the WOOD or CAPER- 
 CALZE, or WOOD GROUSE ; the BLACK GROUSE or 
 BLACK COCK, commonly called BLACK GAME or 
 MOORCOCK; and the white Grouse or Ptarmigan. 
 The cock of the wood, weighing fifteen pounds 
 and upwards, has been, like the bustard, suffered 
 to become nearly extinct in this country, and the 
 recovery of the breed of both, certainly merits 
 the consideration of Sportsmen and Economists. 
 Grouse are easily domesticated. The black grouse 
 may be compared to the pheasant, for its size and 
 perching on trees, and weighs three or four 
 pounds. The red grouse and ptarmigan are ra- 
 ther to be classed with the partridge, but are 
 somewhat larger; the red are most plentiful. All 
 the grouse are more or less brown fleshed, and of 
 
 o 
 
 a high game flavour, soon reaching the stage of 
 putrefaction. If drawn at all, it cannot be done 
 too soon, and they should be stuffed with heather; 
 some pack them undrawn. Being wetted or torn, 
 they should be wiped dry before they are bagged, 
 and again perfectly dried at a distance from the 
 fire, previously to packing. They may be packed 
 
DEC.] Monthly Remembrancer. 43 
 
 for carriage, either in sealed bullock's bladders, 
 or in partition boxes, with hops or heather, one 
 bird, or at most two, in a partition. 
 
 Shooting of Moor Game commences early in 
 August, and is, next to shore or wild-fowl 
 shooting, the most adventurous and laborious 
 of diversions with the gun, from the hilly 
 and uneven surface of the moory wilderness, 
 where the rough and tangled heather conceals 
 stones, cavities, and obstructions of all kinds. 
 Danger from accident with the gun, is in course, 
 greatest on the moors, from the risk of false steps 
 and falling, whence the necessity of redoubled 
 caution in carrying the gun cocked, more 
 especially in company. If a SHOOTING HORSE 
 be used, he must be accustomed to the country, 
 and to descend hills safely. 
 
 The Scotch and Welsh mountains and moors, 
 are the chief quarters for grouse shooting. Red 
 grouse are yet also in good plenty, in the moor- 
 lands of Derbyshire, Lancashire, Cumberland, and 
 Yorkshire; Staffordshire befc^g their boundary 
 Southward. Some yet remain in the New Forest, 
 Dorset, Wilts, Hants, and Sussex, on Ashdown 
 Forest. A hardy, active, deep-flewed Setter, is 
 the dog for Moor Shooting, and half a day, in 
 hot weather, is full labour enough for the stoutest 
 dog, a relay of such being necessary on occasion. 
 The shooter's clothing in the early season should 
 
44 Sportsman's Calendar and [DEC. 
 
 be the lightest possible, with good defence for the 
 feet and legs ; good provision also, of internals, 
 will not be twice neglected, and the sportsman 
 ought to be upon his guard against the danger of 
 drinking cold water during heat and perspiration. 
 Time of the day, from eight in the morning un- 
 til evening ; afterwards, as the season advances, 
 from about nine until two o'clock, is the only 
 time of the day in which grouse will lie. As 
 many dogs as will hunt steadily together, may be 
 taken to find ; but after the game is found and 
 marked, one staunch dog is sufficient, Late in 
 the season, large shot, and the largest guns are 
 required. Grouse will run a considerable length, 
 and with two or more shooters, it is usual for 
 part to drive, and part to make an extensive circle, 
 to head and stop the game. The old cock is 
 generally the first object of aim ; he being killed, 
 the pack will lie until ready to be trodden upon. 
 COCK and SNIPE SHOOTING. The WOODCOCK, 
 with its long bill and head enveloped in feathers, 
 is a bird of passage, found in nearly all climates, 
 chiefly in the mild and moist : its food, worms 
 and insects ; ordinary weight from ten ounces to 
 a pound. They arrive here from the frozen 
 regions of the north, on the setting in of the frost 
 there, earlier or later, in the Autumn, as the wind 
 may favour their passage. They are usually 
 preceded by the RED WINGS in their arrival, and 
 
DEC.] Monthly Remembrancer. 45 
 
 a north-east wind continuing several days at Old 
 Michaelmas, will bring vast flights of both upon 
 our coasts. Supplies continue to arrive until 
 December. Early in the spring, the woodcocks, 
 again preceded by the redwings, assemble on 
 the coasts, in order to take advantage of a fair 
 wind to those northern regions, where being in- 
 digenous they pass the breeding season. This 
 interval is the resident Sportsman's best opportu- 
 nity throughout the season. Some pairs may 
 accidentally remain and breed in this country. 
 They pipe a little in the spring, at pairing time ; 
 at every other time are silent ; and are the fattest 
 and best for the table, from December to the 
 middle of February. The vicinity of Torrington, 
 in Devonshire, is famous for the great plenty of 
 woodcocks and snipes. Woodcocks may be bred 
 up tame, if caught young, being fed on worms 
 and strings of lean beef for artificial worms. 
 
 Woodcocks, most abundant near the sea coast, 
 yet traverse the whole country, and harbour in 
 coverts near springs, and where the upper staple 
 of the soil produces worms. Their creeps in the 
 early part of the season are in hedge-rows and 
 clumps of trees, in soft heath, on the margins of 
 ponds, and in springy bottoms; afterwards in young 
 wood and the skirts of woods. Good questing 
 spaniels or setters, are the proper dogs for cock 
 shooting, and fine noses are particularly required 
 
46 Sportsman's Calendar and [DEC. 
 
 where the birds are scarce. The cock is not easily 
 flushed, concealing himself under stubs, or any 
 cover, or running : when marked, allowance 
 must be made for the probability of his running 
 considerably wide. Woodcocks rise heavily, 
 flapping their wings, and skim leisurely along 
 the ground, presenting a fair mark, and if missed, 
 they seldom fly far. When flushed among high 
 trees, they rise above the height of the trees, be- 
 fore they are able to take their usual horizontal 
 flight ; in consequence, the difficulty of getting 
 a shot is enhanced, as the aim must be caught 
 through the branches of the trees, whether in the 
 ascent of the bird, or afterwards. Markers pro- 
 vided with poles to beat the covers, are useful in 
 cock-shooting, and when the cocks are flushed, 
 they seldom fly far, but land in some ditch or 
 fence, near at hand. 
 
 SNIPE and COCK SHOOTING are congenial 
 sports. The Snipe is found in almost all countries 
 and climates. The varieties are, the common , 
 the Jack Snipe, and the Great Snipe. The two 
 former weigh each about three or four ounces, 
 the latter half a pound, but it is not often seen in 
 this country. They are generally full of fat, 
 grateful to the stomach, and are like the wood- 
 cock, cooked with their entrails. Snipe Shooting 
 is a good trial of the gunner's skill, who often 
 engages in this diversion, without the assistance 
 
DEC.] Monthly Remembrancer. 41 
 
 of a dog of any kind ; a steady pointer, however, 
 is a good companion. Snipes, in the winter 
 season, frequent low and moist grounds and 
 rushy bottoms; in the summer, they resort to 
 hilly and moorland districts. They breed here 
 in considerable numbers, but the greater part 
 migrate like the woodcock. The manoeuvres of 
 the cock snipe, in breeding time, have always 
 interested the curious sportsman and naturalist. 
 When flushed, he rapidly ascends to a vast 
 height, making a bleating noise, and after poising 
 himself on his wings, in the air, he falls with 
 equal rapidity, whistling and making a drumming 
 noise, either with his voice, or by the flapping of 
 his wings. The Snipe in his flight makes a 
 number of zigzag evolutions, at a certain dis- 
 tance from the place where he is flushed : a shot 
 should be snapped off, if possible, before those 
 evolutions are begun. If the bird rise close to 
 
 o 
 
 the gun, let the marksman wait, granting the 
 distance not too great, until it has finished its 
 tours, and fire not the instant it aims at a steady 
 flight, or take it whilst describing its zigzag. At 
 a cross shot, fire well forward. In frosts, look for 
 snipes in bottoms not frozen. 
 
 The Quail, or Dwarf Partridge, is a bird of 
 passage of the fighting species, seldom seen in 
 some parts of this country, but found in vast 
 
48 Sportsman's Calendar and [DEC. 
 
 multitudes in others, particularly the New Forest, 
 Hants, and its vicinity. 
 
 The Corn Crake, Land or Water Rail, or 
 Daker Hen, a great dainty and excessive fat: 
 birds of passage; a few in most parts of England, 
 particularly the maritime; hatched in June. 
 Larks and Stares, or Starlings, need no descrip- 
 tion. Wood Pigeons, or Ring Doves, which 
 formerly, like locusts, devoured the land, are no 
 where upon this island, at present, beyond a 
 moderate plenty. They must be watched in 
 their haunts, and in turnips, tares, and peas. 
 Tame Pigeons, divided into an infinite number 
 of varieties, of which the Runt and Dragon are 
 among the largest and best for the table, are 
 generally sold when old, or too numerous, for 
 the purpose of being shot at, in pigeon matches; 
 a cruel diversion with creatures which have been 
 kept in a state of domestication, and which at 
 any age, if in good condition, make an excellent 
 stew. A large dragon, roasted and stuffed with 
 sage and onion, with good gravy, makes a hand- 
 some apology for a duck. ROOK SHOOTING is 
 also a cruel diversion; since, although at large, 
 they are in part domesticated, under our pro- 
 tection, and extremely attached to their home. 
 The service they do to the land which feeds us, 
 in the destruction of insects, is incalculable, and 
 
DEC.] Monthly Remembrancer*. 49 
 
 infinitely beyond any mischief within their 
 power, great part of which beside may be 
 avoided by due care. In fact, whatever they eat 
 they earn, and they well deserve pay like other 
 labourers. Their young should be taken like 
 the young of the domesticated pigeon, and in 
 order to thin a rookery, measures should be 
 taken which may disturb, as little as possible, 
 those which are to remain. For the substantial 
 excellence of a Rook Pye, the present writer can 
 vouch. The Wheat Ear arrives in this country 
 in March, and quits it in September. They 
 frequent heaths and downs, chiefly in Sussex; 
 are about the size of a sparrow, and are reckoned 
 a great delicacy. Thirteen dozen of them have 
 been killed at one discharge with dust shot. 
 
 Of the Bustard, we have distinguished but 
 two varieties, in this country, the great and the 
 little. Upon some parts of the continent, parti- 
 cularly in Hungary, they are very numerous, 
 and formerly they were in considerable numbers 
 in Britain ; at present they are seldom seen here, 
 nor is it known whether they breed in this 
 country, or migrate hither. The great bustard 
 is the largest of our fowl, partaking considerably 
 of the nature and figure of the ostrich. Cocks 
 have been found to weigh thirty, hens twenty 
 pounds. The back is barred black and of a 
 bright rust colour; the belly white. The tail 
 
50 Sportsman's Calendar and [DEC. 
 
 consists of twenty feathers. The legs are long 
 and naked above the knee. These fowls inhabit 
 downs and extensive plains, and if to be found 
 any where in England, at this time, Salisbury 
 Plain is the most likely place to seek them. 
 They feed on corn and vegetables; and, like 
 other gallinaceous fowls, on insects, worms, and 
 reptiles; like the ostrich, swallowing stones and 
 metallic substances, by way of digestives. They 
 also run like the ostrich, and are, according to 
 report, so slow to take flight, as to be coursed 
 with greyhounds; they are nevertheless described 
 as extremely shy and difficult of approach to the 
 gunner; in course, they require larger shot. 
 Hawks were in former days flown at the bustard ; 
 its flesh equals that of the turkey in delicacy. 
 
JAN.] Monthly Remembrancer. 51 
 
 Sporting Engagements, 
 
 SAME AS LAST MONTH. 
 
 SHOULD the weather prove open, the same 
 variety of sport is pursued as during last Month ; 
 but at this season, the frost may set in, putting 
 a temporary impediment to all but the diversion 
 of the gun. Whilst the severe weather lasts, and 
 the snow lies upon the ground, Sportsmen should 
 agree to be favourable to the partridge and phea- 
 sant, in districts where those species of game do 
 not superabound; at the same time, taking care 
 that their keepers regularly feed the pheasants 
 in particular, scattering peas and horse-beans in 
 their known haunts. The gunner's attention 
 may be directed, at the same time, to wild fowl 
 shooting, woodcock, snipe, and rabbit. During 
 this vacation, the huntsman and his attendants in 
 the kennel, must not be idle, but repair every 
 error or irregularity which may have occurred in 
 the preceding busy months ; giving the dogs and 
 horses daily walking exercise, the weather per- 
 mitting, and not failing to have the pack in the 
 highest order, and ready for cover on the first 
 opportunity which may present. 
 
52 Sportsman's Calendar and [JAN. 
 
 SUMMER, or FEN SHOOTING. This is practised 
 in Lincoln, Rutland, and Cambridgeshire, and 
 other counties abounding in watery and reedy 
 tracts of land. For this sport two guns are ne- 
 cessary ; a long and a short barrel, and a pair 
 of water proof boots. The game chiefly as fol- 
 lows Dotterel, weighing three or four ounces, 
 a great delicacy. Plover, the golden and grey, 
 dressed with their trail like the woodcock. The 
 Pewit, or Lapwing. Red Shank, or Pool Snipe. 
 The Water Hen weighs from twelve to fifteen 
 ounces, always good meat, particularly so in 
 Autumn. Moor Hens, Dab Chicks, found in 
 mires and pieces of water. The Ruff and Reeve, 
 male and female, birds of passage which are 
 caught with nets, in order to be fattened on 
 bread and milk, hemp seed, or boiled wheat 
 with sugar. The ruff weighs nearly half, the 
 reeve a quarter of a pound, and when fat, are 
 held to be one of the chief dainties of the table. 
 The ruffs are great fighters, not only in couples, 
 but in large flocks. The Knot and Godwit 
 are taken in the same manner, the latter some- 
 what larger than the woodcock. The Bittern 
 is a large bird, of late years, regaining its ancient 
 reputation, the flesh resembling that of the hare, 
 but judged by modern taste far superior. Price 
 at the London poulterers, from ten to fifteen shil- 
 lings. This is a bird of high courage, and being 
 
JAN.] Monthly Remembrancer* 53 
 
 wounded, will in turn attack with its bill and 
 claws, the person attempting to catch it. 
 
 WILD FOWL SHOOTING is a winter sport upon 
 the sea coasts and marshes, rivers and pieces of 
 water, where the fowl resort for food or shelter 
 during severe frost. The most valuable fowl 
 are Duck an4 Mallard. Dun-Birds, Eas- 
 terling, Widgeon, and Teal. Wild Geese, Coots, 
 Curlews, and various other water fowl, are 
 considered of little or no worth for food : 
 perhaps the coot ought to form an exception, 
 making, in reality, a good dish, and disregarded 
 chiefly from its excessive plenty. The severities 
 and dangers of shore shooting by night, during 
 the rigours of the winter season, are such as few 
 Sportsman choose to undergo. The day time is 
 the season of diversion, but that can only be had, 
 to any great degree, in severe frosts, and when 
 fowl of every description, are in flight through- 
 out the whole day, and the shooter, traversing 
 the marshes, or taking to his boat, can scarcely 
 fail of a number of successful shots, the flocks 
 and strings of all kinds of wild fowl, from the 
 goose and heron, to the oxbird, being im- 
 mensely numerous on many parts of our coasts. 
 In general, the night sport commences at flight 
 time, or soon after twilight ; and the weather 
 being fine, it may be continued pleasantly enough 
 until eleven o'clock. Should there be no moon, 
 
54 Sportsman's Calendar and [JAN. 
 
 the successful gunner must shoot by ear, an addi- 
 tional skill to be acquired by practice. His 
 game being invisible, he must direct his aim to 
 the noise of their wings, of their voice, and to 
 other well-known signals. 
 
 The warmest CLOTHING is especially necessary 
 in this kind of shooting, whether by night or by 
 day, in order to abate as much as possible, of the 
 almost unavoidable penalty of rheumatism. Water- 
 proof boots are indispensible, beneath which, 
 double woollen stockings, reaching up to the 
 middle, will be found necessary. A fur cap is 
 preferable to a hat, and less alarming to the fowl. 
 The shore or duck GUN must be of as great length 
 and weight of metal, as the gunner can manage, 
 with the size of shot and method of charge already 
 directed. The roughest and hardiest WATER- 
 SPANIEL is the proper dog for the shore, and his 
 only business is to bring in the fowl shot. These 
 dogs, enduring great hardships, require warm 
 and particularly dry lodging on their return home, 
 many of them being destroyed for want of care, 
 so justly their due. Those who shoot wild fowl 
 for profit, provide themselves with a forked stake, 
 or bumper, on which, being driven into the earth, 
 they rest the long and heavy gun when they fire. 
 But for diversion, a four foot barrel, of considera- 
 ble weight and bore, may be sufficient, and with 
 large shot, will do execution at the distance of 
 one hundred yards and upwards. 
 
JAN.] Monthly Remembrancer. 55 
 
 In sleety or snowy weather, which is generally 
 favourable to the gunner, the new water-proof 
 LOCKS must be of signal use, granting they really 
 answer the warranty of them; though a tolerable 
 shift is made by holding the gun under the jacket 
 or coat skirts, through oil -cased hand-holes. The 
 shooter will take his stand under the marsh wall, 
 or in some proper concealment, shifting it as ne- 
 cessary ; or will take to his fiat or punt, in which 
 to pass along the creeks, and by silence and cau- 
 tion, endeavour to get within reach of the fowl, 
 at their feeding places ; or lie in wait for them as 
 they fly over. A great gun may be fired upon a 
 staunchion in the punt, with especial care, how- 
 ever, that the boat be not overloaded and upset. 
 It is necessary to shoot before the fowls in their 
 flight, from two to nearly four feet by guess, ac- 
 cording to circumstances. 
 
 Wild fowl are taken in DECOY PONDS, which 
 are generally made near the sea, or on the marshes 
 of some great river. They should be well shel- 
 tered by wood and thickly skirted with reeds. In 
 these ponds, decoy ducks are kept and well fed, 
 which always return home after flight, bringing 
 wild ones with them. The fowl rest there through- 
 out the day ; and there are covered channels, into 
 which they are driven and caught. 
 
Sportsman's Calendar and [JAN. 
 
 HUNTING $ COURSING. 
 
 THE present objects of pursuit in this Country, 
 with respect to the above sports, are the Fox, 
 the Hare and Rabbit, the Fallow Deer, the Stag, 
 the Roe-buck, the Otter, the Badger, with other 
 Vermin of the various species. The Dogs appro- 
 priate by nature and use to Hunting, are the 
 Hound, with his Varieties, adapted to the Fox, 
 Hare, Buck, or Stag ; the Greyhound, the Blood- 
 hound, Beagle, and Lurcher, with Terriers and 
 Spaniels as finders. 
 
 The HOUND is a native of the European Con- 
 tinent; the species being divided into the Northern 
 and Southern, the latter beirig the largest, stoutest, 
 or most lasting, and the slowest. These were 
 either indigenous, or imported into this country 
 
JAN.] Monthly Remembrancer. 57. 
 
 at a very early period, of which perhaps no record 
 now exists. Hunting was also pursued in Bri- 
 tain at the earliest periods of the monarchy, on a 
 grand and princely scale, by the Kings, great 
 Barons, and opulent Landholders; the WILD 
 BOAR and WOLF making an important part of the 
 Chase. The above divisions of the Hound existed 
 separately in different parts of England, several 
 centuries since ; and the breeds being occasionally 
 mixed, or crossed, a medium-sized variety was 
 produced, possessing more activity than the large 
 Southern Hound, but not so fine a nose. Of this 
 latter kind are our present FOX-HOUNDS, ren- 
 dered still lighter, somewhat taller, and more 
 symmetrical and speedy, by additional crosses 
 with the Greyhound. The old TALBOT, a name 
 long sines out of use, was probably a good speci- 
 men of the heavy Continental Southern Hound. 
 The following is his description in the reign of 
 Queen Elizabeth, who, according to the fashion 
 of the times, took delight in field sports : " A 
 large, heavy, and slow hound, black, and black- 
 tanned, liver-coloured, or milk white, with a 
 round, thick head, short nose, uprising at the ex- 
 tremity ; large, open nostrils, ears excessive large 
 and thin, hanging much below his chops, the 
 flevs of his upper lips almost two inches lower 
 than his nether jaw, indicating a merry, deep 
 mouth and a loud ringer ; back strong and 
 
58 Sportsman's Calendar and [JAN. 
 
 straight, and rather rising, shewing toughness 
 and endurance ; fillets broad and thick, enabling 
 him to gather up his legs quickly, and without 
 pain; his huckle bones round and hidden, shew- 
 ing he will not tire ; thighs round and hams 
 straight; tail long and rush-grown, or big at the 
 setting on, and tapering ; the hair under his belly 
 hard and wiry, a proof of hardiness ; his legs 
 large, boney, and lean ; foot round ; high 
 knuckled and well clawed ; with a dry, hard soal ; 
 the general composition of his body so just and 
 even, that no level may distinguish whether his 
 fore or hinder parts be the higher : lastly, this 
 hound has the most powerful scent, and delights 
 most in blood, with a natural inclination to hunt 
 dry foot." The Bloodhound may well class 
 with the above, being merely a hound of the 
 largest size, trained to the scent of human blood ; 
 consequently, the breed cannot be extinct whilst 
 large hounds are kept, although few individual 
 bloodhounds at present remain in Britain, their 
 use in pursuing human delinquents being long 
 since laid aside. 
 
 The same old writer thus describes the LIGHT, 
 or NORTHERN HOUND : " A head more slender, 
 with a longer nose ; ears and flews more shallow, 
 back broad, belly gaunt, joints long, tail small, 
 and his general form more slender and greyhound- 
 like. But the virtues of these Yorkshire hounds 
 
JAN.] Monthly Remembrancer. 59 
 
 I can praise no farther than for scent and swift- 
 ness ; for with respect to mouth, they have only 
 a little shrill sweetness, but no depth of tone, or 
 solemn music." The Stag-Hounds of the pre- 
 sent day are the largest and slowest. Beagles, 
 Dwarf Hounds and Harriers, or Hare Hounds, 
 which will also hunt the fox, are merely hound 
 crosses with reduced size, but probably with no 
 alien variety, excepting the little Beagle, which 
 has been described so small, as to be carried in a 
 man's glove. These have been hunted out of 
 curiosity, and have a fine scent and great cunning, 
 but have not speed or strength enough to catch 
 and kill their game. The Terrier is probably 
 a mixed breed between the dwarf-hound, the 
 cur, and fox : he is a right vermin dog, taking 
 to earth readily. The Greyhound or Courser 9 
 the swiftest of the cauine genus, is indigenous to 
 Greece and the Eastern countries, where also the 
 Race Horse is a native. The Lurcher, a breed 
 some time since on the decline, is a mongrel be- 
 tween the greyhound and shepherd's dog; or the 
 smaller, mongrel mastiff He is chiefly the 
 poacher's dog, and will catch up hares in an in- 
 closed country ; some of this breed will run long 
 and well. 
 
 In the establishment of a PACK of HOUNDS in 
 former days, great care was taken in the equal 
 assortment of their size, colour, the music of 
 
60 Sportsman's Calendar and [JAN. 
 
 their tongues, and their running fairly and evenly 
 together, without disj ointment or straggling. 
 They aimed at mixing " deepness of cry with the 
 loud clanging roar, and the shrill whine/' They 
 added to five or six couple of " base mouths, not 
 more than two couple of counter tenors, as many 
 of mean voice, and an equal number of roarers" 
 Some, however, preferring the deep and solemn 
 cry, and most exquisite powers of scent, kept en- 
 tire packs of the heavy, deep-flued Southern 
 hounds ; yet speedy hounds were then, as now, 
 most in fashion ; and we find, that two hundred 
 and fifty years ago, they hunted with such swift 
 hounds, that running horses were very commonly 
 used in the field. The case is similar, in a re- 
 markable degree, in the present times, and no 
 hunters can be too high bred and speedy for our 
 crack packs of fox-hounds ; and it seems to have 
 been an object to improve the speed of our 
 hounds of every description. The highest per- 
 formance upon record is that of Colonel Thorn- 
 ton's Merkin, a fox-hound bitch, which ran a 
 trial of four miles in seven minutes and half a 
 second, and was afterwards, in 1795, sold for four 
 hogsheads of claret, the seller to be entitled to 
 two couple of her whelps. 
 
FEB.] Monthly Remembrancer. 
 
 61 
 
 Sporting Engagements. 
 
 FIRST DAY, PARTRIDGE 
 8f PHEASANT SHOOT- 
 ING END. OTHER 
 
 SHOOTING AS IN THE 
 PREVIOUS MONTHS. 
 
 HUNTING, 
 
 FOX AND HARE, AND 
 
 COURSING, 
 
 END WITH THIS MONTH. 
 
 FISHING, 
 
 FOR TROUT, PIKE, 
 PERCH, &c. 
 
 ON the First Day of this Month Pheasant and 
 Partridge Shooting cease. Fox and Hare Hunt- 
 ing should also be discontinued by the end of 
 February, as the breeding season with both im- 
 mediately commences, and few persons choose to 
 eat hare in March. It is now time for both 
 hounds and horses to rest from their labours, and 
 to enjoy some months of respite and comfort to 
 recruit their constitutions, renovate their strained 
 sinews, and fit them for the duties of another sea- 
 son. Business now increases in the racing stables, 
 and those horses intended for the early meetings, 
 are getting forward into high training. The dili- 
 
62 Sportsman's Calendar and [FEB. 
 
 gent Angler, who has regretted the interruption 
 of winter to his favourite sport, begins with eager- 
 ness to look over his tackle, and to put it into the 
 best state of repair, for the commencement of his 
 campaign, just at hand. The weather being fa- 
 vourable, Angling may be pursued towards the 
 end of this month, with considerable success : 
 Roach Fishing, indeed, is in season. Trout will 
 take the ground bait, but are as yet lean, and 
 scarcely worth taking. 
 
 Dogs, indeed all the domestic animals, should 
 be lodged dry, well sheltered and warm in the 
 winter season, particularly with respect to defence 
 against those sudden atmospheric variations, to 
 which our climate is so liable, and with conve- 
 nience for ventilation at, all seasons. A Kennel 
 for Hounds should be erected within reasonable 
 distance, but not too near, the mansion house, and 
 if possible, upon an elevated, at any rate dry 
 situation. Instead of an Eastern, perhaps a 
 Western and Southern aspect is to be preferred. 
 The doors and windows should be aptly contrived 
 for the purpose of ventilation, but so posited as 
 to avoid partial currents of damp and cold air, 
 against which the hardiest of our domestic ani- 
 mals cannot stand with safety. The divisions, or 
 rooms of the kennel must be sufficient in number 
 for the draughting off, or separation of hounds 
 for the next day's hunt ; or of the sick, hurt, or 
 
FE B . ] Monthly Remembrancer. 63 
 
 weakly, which require nursing ; of the bitches in 
 heat, or of young or strange dogs, The floors 
 should all be laid with bricks or clinkers, a 
 descent on each side to the centre, forming a 
 channel, or gutter, to carry off' the water, none of 
 which ought to be stagnant for an instant, but the 
 pavement mopped completely dry. The conve- 
 nience of water must be had through leaden pipes. 
 Stagnant moisture, left for any length of time, 
 will assuredly produce catarrhal affections in the 
 heads of the hounds, and rheumatism in their 
 limbs and joints ; the former affecting their 
 olfactory nerves and powers on the scent, which 
 effect is also occasioned by the inhaling of fetid 
 and improper effluvia. 
 
 Seats or Benches, hinged to the wall, which 
 may be folded out of the way, with hooks, are a 
 very ancient convenience for hounds to rest upon, 
 and sanctioned by present use. The dog intro- 
 duced into the dwelling-house, will generally 
 prefer a chair to the floor. To complete the 
 kennel, several courts, or yards, are requisite; 
 for example, the grass court, for the" benefit of the 
 dogs, and to preserve their health. The feeding 
 court, paved, and covered in, containing the 
 boiling-house and store-houses ; the whole build- 
 ing should be amply fenced with a wall or lofty 
 paling. 
 
 The aspect being such as to secure the presence 
 
64 Sportsman's Calendar and [F>:B. 
 
 of the sun, to as late a period of the day as possible, 
 the dogs should always be suffered to bask there- 
 in, which is particularly delightful to them ; 
 shelter from its burning rays, during the hot 
 season, not being forgotten. For this purpose, 
 it is proper to plant trees around the grass court, 
 with, perhaps, a clump in the centre ; and were 
 these planted upon an artificial mount, on the 
 declivities of which the dogs might lie, and en- 
 joy themselves in the sun, it would probably be 
 an improvement. The two chief courts should 
 be as spacious as the site will possibly allow. 
 Urining-posts are very necessary, to which the 
 dogs will be at first attracted by straw, rubbed 
 with galbanum, laid around the bottom; and 
 both the dung and urine of dogs being a power- 
 ful manure, they are worth preserving. A gal- 
 lows, at the back of the buildings, thatched above, 
 and the posts defended to prevent the ascent of 
 vermin, serves to hold the flesh intended for the 
 hounds; and if a run of water could be turned 
 through the grass court, it would be extremely 
 convenient and salubrious for the hounds. Our 
 ancient kennels were provided with one or two 
 spacious chimnies, where, in the rigorous season, 
 after a hard day's hunt, their wearied hounds 
 might stretch, clean, and dry themselves for an 
 hour or two, by a good fire, before they retired 
 for the night. 
 
FEB.] Monthly Remembrancer. 65 
 
 THE ATTENDANTS OF THE KENNEL WITH ITS 
 ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT. A Huntsman and 
 one or two Whippers-in, according to the size 
 of the Pack, and an occasional or constant Feeder, 
 are the usual attendants. The Huntsman should 
 be a person of experience, in the active part of 
 life, and if he has first served as a Whipper-in, it 
 ought to be the best recommendation. As a 
 Hunting Establishment of whatever extent, must 
 be attended with a considerable expense, it is ab- 
 solutely necessary that a Huntsman be capable of 
 keeping clear and intelligible accounts ; and also a 
 regular account of all the material transactions of 
 
 o 
 
 the Establishment, in a Kennel Book, of sufficient 
 size, and with divisions conveniently arranged 
 for the names and pedigrees of the hounds date 
 when littered purchase or parting with them, 
 their state of health, different qualities, together 
 with all circumstances worthy of record, which 
 may occur in the Chase. 
 
 The Duties of the Kennel are generally as 
 follow. The feeder enters at a certain regular 
 hour in the morning, according to the season, 
 and first of all turns out the hounds, which are 
 well and at large, into the open court, in order 
 that they may empty and prepare themselves for 
 breakfast. The hounds must not however be 
 turned out, if the weather be foul, but only re- 
 moved to some sheltered place. In the mean time 
 G 2 
 
66 Sportsman's Calendar and [FEB. 
 
 the weather being fine, all the doors and windows 
 should be thrown open, and the kennel rendered 
 perfectly clean, in which state every room and 
 court thereof, ought be kept ; with the walls and 
 ceilings regularly and substantially white washed, 
 and occasional fumigation used, to neutralize any 
 predominant offensive smell. 
 
 The Breakfast should be prepared, and forth- 
 coming by the time the kennel is finished, into 
 which the hounds may retire to digest their meat, 
 unless the sereneness of the weather renders the 
 open air desirable. Two men are required to feed 
 between twenty and forty couple of hounds, in 
 which, either the huntsman or whipper-in may 
 make one ; it is a business, indeed, in which the 
 huntsman should be frequently found. A punc- 
 tual regularity ought to be observed, as to time 
 of feeding, which should never be later than seven 
 or eight o'clock of a summer's, nor nine of a win- 
 ter's, morning. 
 
 The food of Dogs generally consists of Jlesh, 
 farinaceous substances, roots, and vegetables; and 
 as in human food, a mixture of these is most 
 salubrious and nourishing to the dog. Oat is far 
 preferable to barley meal, and fine pollard per- 
 haps superior to oat : the largest and most mealy 
 sorts of potatoes agree well with hounds, as part 
 of their food. Hounds do not indeed require so 
 large a portion of flesh meat in the summer, or 
 
FEB.] Monthly Remembrancer. 67 
 
 leisure season, but a certain quantity is still 
 necessary; as also, in that season, a reduced 
 quantity of straw for their bed. The heaviest 
 and best oats are the cheapest to make into meal 
 for the use of dogs, and the meal should not be 
 given new, but, being ground into rather coarse 
 grits, should be firmly trodden into bins, or 
 sugar hogsheads, placed upon stands, and well 
 covered. A year's consumption should be so 
 stored. A cast-iron Cauldron is in common 
 use. The flesh is first cooked and taken up, 
 when the meat is put into the soup and boiled 
 an hour or nearly, making, when cool, a fine, 
 thick, and rich jelly, and forming the strongest 
 nourishment for hounds. Poor horses purchased 
 for slaughter should be put into good keep, which 
 will greatly enhance their value to the pack. 
 The feeders must be furnished with WHIPS, in 
 order to the strictest discipline, that the weak 
 may not be driven from their food by the strong. 
 Indeed, weak and slow-feeding dogs should be 
 fed by themselves, and invalid hounds recover 
 most speedily, by being suffered to run at large. 
 The proprietor himself should strictly guard 
 against all cruelty in the management and cor- 
 rection of his hounds ; and particular care should 
 be taken to withdraw and separate bitches on the 
 commencement of their heat, and those particular 
 hounds, against which the others may have con- 
 
68 Sportsman's Calendar and [FEB. 
 
 ceived an antipathy. Hounds may be well fed 
 the day before hunting, since there will be plenty 
 of time for perfect digestion and emptying them- 
 selves, before they arrive at cover and commence 
 action. On their return from hunting, an 
 ample and hot repast of the richest food should 
 be prepared for them, with comfortable beds of 
 fresh and sweet straw ; and, as soon as possible, 
 the feet of those which appear to be wounded 
 should be carefully searched for thorns or stubs, 
 and the proper curative measures taken, a prin- 
 cipal of which is to wash the claws with warm 
 butter and beer, beef broth, a water in which 
 mallows and nettles have been boiled soft and 
 tender. The favourite soup for sickly hounds 
 has long been made of sheep's head with the 
 wool on, and trotters, bruised in pieces, boiled 
 with oatmeal and pennyroyal, and given as warm 
 as possible. Onions are recommended also. 
 
 Summer is the season of vacation and improve- 
 ment in the kennel. The young hounds go out 
 in couples, to be exercised and disciplined. In 
 this season, although there is no labour, hounds 
 ought to be kept well, as preparatory to the 
 labour which is to come. To keep their bodies 
 within due bounds in respect to flesh, exercise is 
 necessary, and a very useful branch of it is a 
 swim and continuance of some length in a river, 
 once a week at least, to which, if they have to 
 
FEB.] Monthly Remembrancer. 69 
 
 accompany the horses ten or a dozen miles, it 
 will be most beneficial and promotive of their 
 condition. In case of Mange or Surfeit, sulphur 
 and antimony are the proper remedies, continued 
 for several weeks; but cleanliness and care, with 
 vegetables boiled in the food, and plenty of dog 
 grass, are sufficient preventives. Some of the 
 hounds may require two or three aloetic purges, 
 in order to prepare them on the approach of the 
 hunting season. 
 
 The pack of hounds must generally be pur- 
 chased in the first instance, but may be kept up 
 afterwards by breeding. It is necessary that 
 they be all furnished with names, to which they 
 will answer, and for which in any numbers no 
 person need be at a loss ; from lounger to rattle 
 from giant to tiney and from Sal to Sob. 
 All young hounds should be branded on the side 
 with the initials of the proprietors' names. From 
 the bitch, they are usually put out to the walk, 
 or keep, until old enough for the kennel. Their 
 ears may be rounded at six months, if free from 
 the distemper, and in cool weather. Dogs and 
 bitches, not wanted, or judged unfit for breeding, 
 may be preferably castrated and spaded. 
 
 Always couple dog and bitch together, if prac- 
 ticable, and the young, which are awkward and 
 troublesome, may be coupled with old hounds, 
 and that carefully, lest they slip collar and stray 
 
70 Sportsman's Calendar and [FEB. 
 
 away. The first lesson abroad to be taught the 
 young dog, is to follow, whether a foot or horse- 
 man ; the subsequent are chiefly the following' 
 to run in company, without skirting or skulking ; 
 to be strictly obedient to the voice of the huntsman ; 
 to beware of hunting improper objects; to be 
 staunch to that particular scent, to which they are 
 atiout to be entered; and to run one or two trail 
 scents, or trials, for the satisfaction of the pro- 
 prietor. Young hounds must be led amongst 
 those animals which they are to be taught to 
 avoid ; Sheep, in the first place, from which all 
 dogs must be carefully warned " 'ware sheep" 
 and most severely corrected for every trespass, 
 death being the only remedy for the incorrigible. 
 Young Fox Hounds must also be warned against 
 deer and hare, the latter bearing a scent the most 
 sweet and enticing to all hounds. Fox hounds 
 must be first stooped to a rank or vermin scent, 
 such as that of the various wild cats, badger, and 
 fox, to which the dogs will then acquire an 
 attachment, which will be confirmed by disci- 
 pline. An artificial, or trail scent, may be made 
 with a bunch of red herrings, or with a cat 
 killed and spread open; either of those to be 
 dragged over the land intended for the trail. 
 In order to perfect the young hounds, they should 
 be exercised in company with two or three 
 couple of the staunchest and best-nosed line 
 
FEB.] Monthly Remembrancer. 71 
 
 hunting hounds of the pack. In due time, the 
 young- pack should be gradually entered, a few 
 couples at a time, in that part of the country 
 where it is intended they should hunt through 
 the season, and be blooded to their proper game; 
 if to the Fox, cubs must be found for them in 
 the covers, or bagged ones provided. The hounds 
 should be inured early to the strongest and 
 thickest covers, where the martin cat and other 
 vermin may be found. 
 
 The HUNTING HORSE. The hunter for general 
 modern use, should be at least three parts, or 
 or even seven-eighths bred. In light land, open 
 counties, and where crack fox hounds are kept, 
 having nearly the speed of greyhounds, it is 
 much the custom to ride full bred, or race horses, 
 against which there can be no objection, when 
 they can be obtained sufficiently short-legged, 
 and masters of their weight, with sound feet. In 
 general, the hunter should be upwards of fifteen, 
 and below sixteen hands high, short-legged, deep 
 in the girth, wide and substantial in the loins 
 and fillets, throw in his haunches well in action, 
 and go perfectly clear of all his legs, so as not to 
 touch a hair. He should have a good snaffle bri- 
 dle mouth, yet ride light in hand. No four 
 year old horse should be hunted, otherwise than 
 by way of exercise and training ; and even at five 
 years old, the first season, a horse should be used 
 
72 Sportsman's Calendar and [FEB. 
 
 in the field, with great moderation. At six and 
 seven, he is in his prime, and from that period, 
 to twelve or fourteen, he may remain capital, 
 improving in knowledge, and delight in his busi- 
 ness, every year, under the care of a humane 
 and skilful master. The Hunter, like the Racer, 
 is entitled to the highest and most experienced 
 degree of stable care ; to the finest and heaviest 
 corn, the sweetest hay, and to roots and green 
 meat in their season. 
 
MAR.] Monthly Remembrancer. 73 
 
 Sporting Engagements. 
 
 SHOOTING. 
 
 WOODCOCKS, SNIPES, 
 WILD FOWL, &c. 
 
 HUNTING THE DEER. 
 
 FISHING. 
 
 THE month of March presents few objects to 
 the notice of the Sportsman. Our regulated 
 field sports are nearly all at an end ; game, both 
 of the earth and the air, are then called by nature 
 to the increase of their species, which ought to 
 be encouraged, not disturbed by the Sportsman ; 
 and the fields are covered with young arid grow- 
 ing crops too valuable to be damaged for diver- 
 sion's sake. Hunting the Deer in open countries 
 now succeeds the fox chase, continuing in some 
 few parts of the country, throughout the spring 
 and summer. The Angler begins to find him- 
 self in his element, -and both ground and surface, 
 or fly-fishing, corne into general practice. The 
 salmon, trout, grayling, tench, roach, dace, $c. 
 are sought in the rivers, and the pond fish, carp 
 and tench, towards the end of the month, will 
 afford the angler his usual sport. 
 
74 Sportsman's Calendar and [MAR. 
 
 TRAINING the young Hunter commences with 
 teaching him to leap the Bar, to which he should 
 be brought by the most gentle usage, and en- 
 couraged by the example of a good standing 
 leaper. The young horse should not be urged 
 to great heights at the bar, high leaping being 
 better acquired in the field, and with respect to 
 flying leaps, they come by nature and practice, 
 He will require two or three Aloetic Purges f 
 and as many months walking and gallopping ex- 
 ercise, to put him in proper condition for the 
 chase. For seasoned hunters, taken from spring 
 grass, very moderate gallops will suffice, with 
 more walking exercise, in order to favour their 
 limbs, which may have suffered from work. 
 A light Sheet is sufficient clothing for the hunter, 
 and the chief of his exercise, at the rate of a good 
 hunting gallop, should be given in the cool of the 
 morning, with a gentle canter after water in the 
 afternoon. A hardy constitutioned horse, which 
 gets too fleshy in exercise, may, if necessary, have 
 a good sharp rally, weekly, to the length of about 
 two miles, giving him two or three .pulls, or holds 
 back in the run. This will clear and strengthen 
 his wind, and the flesh he may appear to carry 
 will be no detriment to him. All grooms know 
 the use of the Malt-Mash, for a horse that comes 
 home fatigued from hunting after a hard run ; 
 and also of the Cordial Balls, which however, 
 
MAR.] Monthly Remembrancer. *J5 
 
 given to excess, injure the appetites, and too 
 much loosen the bodies of horses. Perhaps the 
 regular use of cold, or warm water,, as each may 
 be required, will furnish the best substitute for 
 stoppings of all kinds, for the feet ; the horse al- 
 ways resting his heated and tender feet upon 
 clean, cool, and dry staaw. 
 
 COURSING if HUNTING THE HARE. 
 
 The pursuit of the Hare in both these modes, 
 has been a favourite object of field sports, from a 
 very high antiquity. The Greyhound used for 
 coursing the hare,, was generally entered to his 
 game, at the age of twelve to eighteen months, but 
 the period is now somewhat earlier. The lightest 
 whelps of this kind, and those with most length and 
 bone, are generally most esteemed, and the bitch 
 is supposed to be endowed by nature, with the 
 greatest speed. Black and blue, or the mixture of 
 these, are the present fashionable colours, and a fine 
 skin, with soft, thin hair, are deemed marks of 
 the highest blood in a greyhound. This dog has 
 been proved to have nearly equal speed with the 
 Race Horse, and is likewise usually purged and 
 trained for the course. Good feeding and regular 
 
76 Sportsman's Calendar and [MAR. 
 
 common exercise however, is fully sufficient for 
 ordinary occasions, although the former may be 
 necessary for public matches and great coursing 
 meetings. Colonel Thornton, and Major Top- 
 ham, are among the first fashionable and success- 
 ful breeders of Greyhounds, in the present day. 
 The chief points of form in the Greyhound, are 
 depth of breast, width and substance in the loins, 
 length and fullness in the gaskins and fore arms, 
 clean and sinewy substance and bone, with 
 straightness in the legs, and even position of the 
 feet. 
 
 Of the Hare, our varieties arise merely from 
 difference in the nature of the soil, on which they 
 are bred. Thus we have Jield, and woodland, 
 hill, down, and marsh hares. Those accustomed 
 to an open and extensive country, will conse- 
 quently run longest, and those of the marsh and 
 fen are the largest in size. It is probable from 
 the variety of colours seen in each, that the hare 
 and rabbit intercopulate, and that the cross breed 
 is continued. The hare lives from seven or 
 eight, to twelve years old and upwards, and is 
 very prolific, costing the country much for keep, 
 in corn, roots, and vegetables, and doing consider- 
 able damage to the bark of young trees, and to 
 flowering shrubs. The age of the hare is disco- 
 vered by the toughness of the under jaw bone, 
 which, in a young animal, is tender and easily 
 
MAR.] Monthly Remembrancer. 77 
 
 broken. The carcase will be stiff, and the flesh 
 of a pale colour, when the hare has not been 
 long^killed ; if loose and the flesh blackish, the 
 hare is stale. 
 
 In fair COURSING, a brace of greyhounds only, 
 it is said, should be slipped to a hare, which is be- 
 sides, entitled to some distance, as law. Yet 
 some stout running hares have often baffled, and 
 finally escaped a leash of the best dogs in the 
 country. The hare being found by the spaniels 
 or finders, the first maxim is for the director of 
 the sport, so to dispose of his forces, as to baffle 
 her attempts to turn, and compel her to a straight 
 course, that as long a run and view as possible 
 may be obtained. Coursing in an inclosed coun- 
 try is often little else than running small circles, 
 the hare aiming by a circuitous course, to return 
 to her form, which she seldom quits by day -light, 
 unless disturbed, ranging at night for food, and 
 returning through the same menses or paths. The 
 laws of the leash of coursing, handed down from 
 antiquity, arid adapted to modern practice, are in 
 every one's hands ; and it is said, the greyhounds 
 are now loosed from slips of a better construction 
 than formerly in use, that it is impossible for any 
 dog to have the least advantage given him at 
 starting. 
 
 For Hare Hunting, the Harriers, or Hare 
 Hounds, are usually a breed of the hound re- 
 H 2 
 
78 Sportsman's Calendar and [MAR. 
 
 duced in size, sometimes by a cross of the beagle. 
 Middle-sized hounds, with a good musical note, 
 and adapted to the country in which they are to 
 hunt, are the most suitable for the purpose. 
 Twenty couple form a full pack of harriers, which 
 had better be less in number, than more numerous. 
 Hares always perceive the approach of bad wea- 
 ther, and seat themselves with the view of shelter; 
 and their forms in inclosed lands, being generally 
 near, or under the lee of the fence, or in those 
 parts of the field which afford covert, it is seldom 
 worth while to beat for them in the naked field. 
 They will also lie on their form until nearly 
 trodden upon, their colour very much favouring 
 concealment. Stillness and silence after finding, 
 are the leading maxims in hare hunting. When 
 the hare is headed back, either by her doubling, 
 .or the scent being overrun by the speed of the 
 dogs, it is preferable to keep a considerable dis- 
 tance behind, and to leave them to recover the 
 scent by their own efforts, which good staunch 
 hounds will generally do. The less they are 
 hallooed the better, as hounds are so often con- 
 fused by excess of that kind. The hare must 
 be patiently hunted through all her doubles, in 
 which consists the fair sport of hare hunting and 
 coursing. Every step she takes should be fol- 
 lowed, nor should the hounds be cast but in the 
 last resort. The hare, among her numerous 
 
MAR.] Monthly Remembrancer. J9 
 
 doubles and shifts, will sometimes take to a piece 
 of dry ground, or to the high road, where the 
 scent is uncertain, and then leave it with a leap, 
 passing over a space of ground, scarcely to be 
 credited, by which manoeuvre her trail is lost to 
 the dogs. Or in a bad scenting day, in cover, the 
 hare, as well as the fox, as one of their stratagems, 
 will actually trace and hunt the hounds, trying 
 every possible resource, until hard pressed by 
 alarm, arid in despair, she breaks cover and trusts 
 to her speed. 
 
 Hares always run best, and shew most sport, 
 when out of their knowledge, and if they start 
 down wind, seldom return, and then is the time 
 to halloo and push the hounds. Hounds being 
 at a check, whether in hare or fox hunting, the 
 huntsman should pull his horse up, and remain 
 perfectly still and silent, but with his eyes and 
 mind in full action, in order to render any assis- 
 tance in his power ; but, as was said above, the 
 hounds must be generally left to themselves, to 
 recover their fault. Every man, ambitious of 
 the character of a sportsman, should be cautious 
 not to ride over the hounds, but to speak to them 
 in time 'ware horse ! and in roads and paths, 
 a man should be careful to stop his hofse, and 
 make way for the hounds, and should never, if 
 to be avoided, ride in the line of the tail hounds. 
 Harriers should occasionally have blood for their 
 
80 Sportsman's Calendar and [MAR. 
 
 encouragement. Hares may be raised in pro- 
 digious plenty in a dry and well-sheltered Hare 
 Warren. It should be well planted with all those 
 shrubs, in which hares delight, such as Acacia, 
 Citizus, and Spanish broom ; and amply stocked 
 with Lucerne, Parsley, and Rutabaga, which will 
 not only improve the stock to a great size, but 
 prevent their straying into the neighbourhood. 
 No dog should be suffered on the warren ; and 
 weasels, stoats, and all vermin, should be trapped, 
 and carefully extirpated. The hares also may 
 be trapped in the common method. Trapped or 
 boxed hares, from a warren, generally run 
 straight, as being out of their knowledge. They 
 leave a strong scent, and hunt much like the fox. 
 In course, hare hunting ceases early in March. 
 
 The RABBIT, too well known to need descrip- 
 tion, is sometimes coursed by way of change, or 
 when accidentally found at any distance from 
 earth ; but the chief sport in taking it is with 
 the ferret. Ferreting is performed by covering 
 the mouths of the rabbit burrows with purse nets. 
 A sufficient number of attendants must be con- 
 veniently placed, to seize the netted rabbits as 
 fast as they are caught. The ferrets, or cats, as 
 they are styled, must be coped, that is muzzled, 
 or they will stay to feast upon the blood of the 
 rabbits, instead of merely starting them, and they 
 have usually bells fastened around their necks, 
 
MAR.] Monthly Remembrancer. 81 
 
 that they may not be lost. The man who earths 
 the cat, should keep on the windward side of the 
 burrow, as a general rule ; for if the alarm with- 
 out be too great, the game will rather remain to 
 be torn in pieces than bolt. The instant a rabbit 
 is netted, the person next to the burrow must 
 throw himself upon it, and kill it as speedily, and 
 with as little noise as possible. Where the game 
 is very plentiful, and wants thinning, the sport is 
 excellent, and will keep the men at warm work to 
 catch and kill ; otherwise, and where nothing is 
 done but watching the nets in their place, and 
 hunting after the lost ferrets, no pastime can be 
 more stupid and uninviting. 
 
 FOX HUNTING. 
 
 THE Varieties of the Fox in this country, as of 
 the Hare, arise chiefly from the difference of size 
 and the nature of the soil on which they are bred. 
 The largest are found in mountainous, open, and 
 wild countries, taking thence the name of the 
 greyhound and mastiff fox, the former of which 
 is said to be the tallest and boldest. These will 
 attack and destroy the heath sheep and lambs, 
 and doubtless, were they numerous, would, like 
 
82 Sportsman's Calendar and [MAR. 
 
 the wolf, prove very destructive to the flocks. 
 The greyhound breed are still to be found in the 
 Rodings, or middle part of the county of Essex ; 
 they are very large and bred above ground, 
 whence they are supposed to derive extraordinary 
 speed and wind ; and a good run after a fox over 
 the Rodings, has always been held in that part of 
 the country, a fair trial for a hunter. The com- 
 mon-sized cur fox is, however, most generally 
 met with. The fox is a playful as well as most 
 sagacious animal, and their olfactory, or smelling 
 faculties are most acute. The fox clickcts in 
 January, and the dog, or male, is then often 
 heard to yelp or bark, and the vixen or bitch, 
 litters in March and April, producing five or six 
 at a litter. They breed generally but once a 
 year, grow to the age of eighteen months, and 
 live from twelve to fifteen years. The fox, in cold 
 weather, sleeps unkennelled during the whole day, 
 spending the whole night abroad, in search of his 
 prey, and when unsucessful, prowling to a late 
 hour in the morning. In fine weather, however, 
 he may sometimes be found abroad in the day 
 time, basking upon the bank of a fence, or in any 
 dry or warm place, near to break or cover. He 
 is then generally pursued as soon as seen, like the 
 owl, by the instinctive cries and screams of birds, 
 who will watch and follow his motions until he 
 take to earth, 
 
MAR.] Monthly Remembrancer. 83 
 
 A pack of Fox-Hounds, to make a figure in the 
 field, must, as has been already directed, have 
 been entered to vermin scents only, and strictly 
 broken from hare and deer. They must also be 
 gradually purged from babblers and skirters, and 
 those plodding, low scenting hounds, which are 
 too slow, or too old, to sustain the character of a 
 pack, which now depends so greatly on speed. 
 Too much riot in the hounds must be kept down 
 by constant regular work, throughout the season, 
 both for the sake of due discipline, and of keeping 
 them in wind and to their best performance. The 
 intermissions occasioned by bad weather, and the 
 time necessary for recovery after the fatigue of 
 hard chases, will render a punctuality in the 
 former respect still more necessary. Great credit 
 is no doubt gained by the dogs, horses, and hunters, 
 for game and courage in long and harrassing 
 chases, yet there is certainly more real gratification, 
 in a dashing run of an hour or two if finished with 
 blood. Frequent blood is absolutely necessary for 
 hounds, to enable them to support a character, 
 and to keep staunch to their proper scent. Hounds 
 that kill but seldom, become discouraged, and 
 hunt every succeeding day with less ardour and 
 inclination, and merely as urged by the efforts of 
 the huntsman. 
 
 The huntsman should always be close to his 
 hounds. At going out to hunt, the place of the 
 
84 Sportsman's Calendar and [MAR. 
 
 first Whipper-in, should be at some distance before 
 the hounds, and that of the second Whipper-in, 
 a small distance behind them. A Huntsman 
 ought to have a powerful, sonorous, and agreeable 
 voice, and the sense to know when to make the 
 most of it, and when to be quiet. The head 
 whipper-in ought to equal the huntsman, in his 
 knowledge of the sport, as he must probably 
 exceed him, in labour and activity, and has a fair 
 claim to be his successor. He should be a first- 
 rate horseman, and mounted upon one of the best 
 horses in the field. He must observe a strict 
 discipline in obedience to the orders of the hunts- 
 man, always maintaining his leaders halloo, stop- 
 ping the straggling hounds, and getting forward 
 with them. His station in drawing covers is on 
 the side opposite to the huntsman, and within 
 hearing of his halloo. The second whipper-in is 
 stationed near to the huntsman. The necessary 
 attendants of a considerable pack of hounds, 
 grooms, stable and kennel boys, earth-stoppers, 
 &c. are sufficiently numerous. 
 
APRI L.] Monthly Remembrancer. 85 
 
 Sporting Engagements. 
 
 HUNTING. 
 THE STAG AND BUCK. 
 
 KET CRAVEN MEET- 
 ING, DURHAM, NEW- 
 
 FISHINC MARKET FIRST SPRING 
 
 MEETING, CATTERICK 
 
 RACING BRIDGE, MIDDLEHAM. 
 
 AT MALTON, NEWMAR- 
 
 STAG and BUCK Hunting, upon fresh Spring 
 hunters, those which have been ridden through 
 the winter season, enjoying rest and refreshment 
 in their paddocks, are now regularly pursued by 
 the votaries of the Chase. The chief business of 
 the Kennel and the Stud is the care of the breeding 
 bitches, and putting the brood mares to -horse. 
 In Angling, Salmon Pink will now bite freely, 
 more particularly after a warm shower, taking 
 either the bait of gentle or a small fly. Carp 
 are now in season, and will bite in the morning, 
 or evening, the hook being well covered by the 
 bait. This fish is calculated, from its wariness, 
 to exercise the skill and patience of the angler, 
 
86 Sportsman's Calendar and [APRIL. 
 
 and the part of the pond intended to be fished 
 should be baited several hours previously with 
 such baits as are intended to be used. Carp 
 being wanted, nets will often succeed better than 
 the hook ; or if, from the nature of the place, 
 nets cannot be used, trimmers, or pike-lines may 
 succeed. Perch may be taken in rivers, by trol- 
 ling, or by the ledger bait or pike-line ; they are 
 not difficult, and will, in spring, bite at any time 
 of the day or night. Trout are in high season, 
 as also dace and roach. Grayling is never out of 
 season. 
 
 In order to a young Sportsman's making a 
 respectable figure in the field, the first requisites 
 are, a good steady hunter and a firm and graceful 
 seat upon him, previously acquired at the bar, at 
 hedge and ditch leaping, and in gallopping exercise. 
 It is of importance to acquire the proper seat at 
 first, as awkward and ungraceful habits are seldom 
 got rid of afterwards. The use of a good hackney 
 on which to ride to cover, will not be overlooked. 
 It is by no means incumbent upon beginners, 
 to dash at strong and difficult leaps, and less time 
 is lost by dismounting at once, than in riding up 
 and down, after more practicable places. Nor 
 is riding madly and without apparent object, up 
 and down the field, the best proof of a man's being 
 a Sportsman. There is a proper place for every 
 man in the field in this the young Sportsman 
 
APRIL.] Monthly Remembrancer. 87 
 
 should find himself as quickly as possible. It is 
 near enough to the huntsman, to watch his mo- 
 tions and conduct, whilst drawing covers and or- 
 dering the hounds. But let no one be ambitious 
 enough to aim at superseding the huntsman in 
 his duty, and at hunting the hounds for him. 
 Neither is it good to have too much tongue, which 
 may chance to be in the wrong time and place. 
 Gentlemen should rather spread, and keep down 
 the wind, than too close and sociably together, 
 each doing his endeavour by his observations, to 
 promote the plan which the huntsman may have 
 in view. 
 
 The company ranging up and down the cover 
 side, and the hounds collected, not a single one 
 being left behind, the huntsman throws off into 
 cover, and causing them to draw up the wind, 
 proceeds to put in force the only law in fox 
 hunting -find and kill. Those gentlemen who 
 choose to enter the cover, must not interfere, but 
 must observe a quiet circumspection, and by no 
 means halloo too soon, which may occasion the 
 fox, if unkennelled and on the pad, to turn back 
 again, and hold to cover instead of breaking away. 
 He may indeed range cover for a considerable 
 time, whilst the huntsman quarters his hounds, 
 leaving no part of the cover untried, until reynard's 
 quarters becoming too hot for him and off he 
 goes ! Now the halloo forward! andgowe away / 
 
88 Sportsman's Calendar and [APRIL. 
 
 and for as much noise and dash, as any gentle- 
 man may find agreeable. This halloo should be 
 loudly, and repeatedly given, that the Sports- 
 men who have remained without, may have timely 
 notice. 
 
 The huntsman now keeps close to the leading 
 hounds, the whippers-in bringing up the rear. 
 All Sportsmen sufficiently well mounted, and able 
 to hold way, should keep an attentive eye on the 
 leaders, that should the scent be lost, it may be 
 guessed how far the hounds have carried it. The 
 length of the chase, in course, depend on the 
 ability of the fox, and the distance he may be 
 able to maintain from the hounds ; if strong and 
 determined, he may run many miles, affording 
 to the company, plenty of joyous repetitions 
 of the view halloo, as well as the opportunity 
 of proving the speed and game of their horses 
 and dogs : or the hounds may break upon the fox, 
 and after a smart burst, kill in high style or drive 
 him to stop suddenly to a new fence, and return 
 upon his foil. The hounds will then over-run 
 the scent, and come a check. This brings the 
 sport to a stand-still, and the seasoned sportsman, 
 and those who know the country best, should now 
 spread, and place themselves wherever the eye of 
 experience can be most useful and effective ; 
 whilst the place of the juniors, is as near to the 
 huntsman as possible, waiting in silent expecta- 
 
APRIL.] Monthly Remembrancer. 89 
 
 tion the result. The huntsman, as was observed 
 in hare hunting, in a similar predicament, should 
 remain sitting quietly upon his horse, and attend- 
 ing to those hounds, on which he can best depend ; 
 judging in the mean while, as to the course which 
 the fox may have taken, and as to the necessity 
 of making a cast with the hounds, which, at last, 
 is not to be done, so long as they are able and shew 
 a decided inclination to spread widely and cast 
 themselves. 
 
 Change of the Hunt, or losing the hunted 
 fox, and hitting upon a fresh scent, is an accident 
 which must occasionally occur, and the remedy 
 must depend on the huntsman's skill. The lead- 
 ing and best hounds will generally hold to the 
 first scent, whilst the bulk of the pack will follow 
 the fresh fox. It will remain with the huntsman, to 
 judge which scent it will be most eligible to 
 follow, which perhaps, in general, will be that of 
 the fresh fox. Never allow lame hounds to be 
 taken out, under the notion that they will run 
 themselves sound, the sure way to lame them past 
 recovery ; nor suffer the abominable and danger- 
 ous practice of hunting young hounds in couples, 
 by which they get hung cross a hedge or style, 
 where they remain tearing each other to pieces. 
 They should remain coupled until the fox be 
 found. Previously to digging an earth, it is 
 proper to be assured that, the fox has really taken 
 i 2 
 
90 Sportsman's Calendar and [APRIL. 
 
 to itj there being often disappointments of that 
 kind. Never suffer a hound to be put into the 
 earth to draw a fox, which is most cruel and 
 useless : when so near to the fox, that he will seize 
 a stick, it may be safe for a dog to draw him. 
 Badgers should not be encouraged in fox covers, 
 as they make strong earths, difficult and expen- 
 sive to stop ; and unstopped are ruinous to fox 
 hunting. The death of the Fox before a re- 
 gular pack of hounds, is attended with certain 
 peculiar and appropriate ceremonies, of which 
 the actual sight only can convey any adequate 
 idea. 
 
 Otter Hunting comparatively with former times, 
 is now little practised in this country, al- 
 though in some parts of it, and in some seasons, 
 otters are in sufficient plenty. The otter breeds 
 once a year, late in the spring, bringing five or 
 six cubs at a litter, frequenting narrow rivers, 
 large pieces of water, and ponds; they are greatly 
 destructive of fish, and when they get a haunt 
 upon land, they prey upon poultry like the fox 
 and weasel, which latter, the otter resembles in 
 form. Its weight is from eighteen to forty pounds, 
 the flesh coarse and fishy, but the heart said to 
 be a dainty. The skin is valuable. The otter is 
 taken by nets and concealed traps. It was for- 
 merly hunted by the large, deep flewed hounds, 
 but any strong and high couraged dogs, which 
 
APRIL.] Monthly Remembrancer. 91 
 
 will take water, answer well this purpose; for ex- 
 ample, the larger water spaniel and Newfoundland 
 Dog. A spear with shoulders and two lines 
 which will hold in the flesh, is in use, when it is 
 the chief object to kill; otherwise the diversion of 
 the hunt is superior. The hunters customarily 
 divide, each party beating their own side of the 
 river. The otter being pursued he dives very 
 deep, appearing again to vent, or take breath, at 
 a considerable distance. ,If seized by a dog, 
 unless it be strong, the otter is capable of pulling 
 it under water. Being speared or wounded, arid 
 incapable of remaining in the water, he instantly 
 makes for land, and bravely and dearly sells his 
 life to the dogs. 
 
 Vermin- Hunts the Badger, Martin Cat, Pole- 
 cat, Stoat, Squirrel, &e. It is said that in some 
 parts of England, there is yet a remnant existing 
 of the primitive breed of wild cats. Badgers are 
 styled boar, sow, and pig. The badger produces 
 an annual litter of four, to six or seven pigs. 
 He is two or three feet long, weighing from fif- 
 teen to thirty odd pounds, tortoise formed, with 
 strong bear-shaped legs, the fore ones the longest, 
 with exceeding strong and sharp claws, resem- 
 bling the bear in many respects, particularly in 
 attachment to their young. The badger confines 
 himself entirely to his earth in the day time, seeking 
 its food by night. His earths are generally in 
 
92 Sportsman's Calendar and [APRIL, 
 
 dry ground, at the roots of trees, or in a bank or 
 eminence. He seldom travels above a mile or 
 two from home, and generally to open pastures, 
 where his fiants or dung, discover him. When 
 hunted in moon light nights, all the earths are 
 stopped, excepting one or two, in the mouths of 
 which, sacks strongly fixed, are placed, having a 
 drawing string, which compresses the mouth 
 closely on the badger entering, and straining with 
 his weight and struggles. The sacks being placed, 
 a signal is given by horn or whistle, to throw off 
 the dogs, usually two or three couples of the 
 strongest and sharpest terriers, which have some- 
 times tough leathern collars to defend their necks. 
 The badger in his combat with the dogs, receives 
 them lying on his back, in which position he can 
 best guard himself, and use his sharp and power- 
 ful teeth and claws. Young dogs should not be 
 exposed to the badger ; which, however great 
 his powers, both of offence and defence, like the 
 otter, may be killed by a single forcible stroke , 
 upon the snout. 
 
 The Martin Cat, of which, although a dimi- 
 nished race, considerable numbers remain in Essex 
 and Suffolk, has the body of a weasel, with the 
 head and tail of a fox, the ears excepted, which 
 are rounded. It is about a foot and a half lono , 
 
 o* 
 
 from nose to tail,, which is bushy, and nearly aii 
 additional foot in length. In form and action*, 
 
APRIL.] Monthly Remembrancer. 93 
 
 elegant and sprightly; colour dark tan, with a 
 white throat, belly of a dusky brown, the legs 
 and upper side of the feet . chocolate brown, 
 the lower sides being covered with a thick 
 ash-coloured down, like that below the ex- 
 ternal coat of the other parts of the body. 
 The unctuous matter exuding from the glands 
 near the anus, in this animal, is said to be a 
 perfume ; whence the martin may be styled the 
 civet cat of the north, although the similar excre- 
 tion in all the others of the weasel tribe is so 
 excessively offensive. The skin and excrements 
 also of the martin cat are of a musky scent, en- 
 hancing the value of the fur. Such an extraor- 
 dinary qualification would surely render it an 
 object to domesticate this cat, granting it would 
 catch vermin like the common cat, the excre- 
 ments of which are such a nuisance. The martin 
 inhabits the woods, breeding in hollow trees; and 
 sheltering through the winter in nests of magpies 
 and the larger birds. They bring four to seven 
 or eight young. The Pine martin, the largest 
 and most valuable breed, is found in Wales and 
 in the North, and is said to build its nest on the 
 tops of trees. Their food, game, small birds, 
 poultry, and for want of these, rats, mice, moles, 
 and grain. They are greatly destructive of phea- 
 sants, and will attack bee-hives for the honey. 
 This is an excellent hunt to teach young fox- 
 
94 Sportsman 9 s Calendar and [APRIL. 
 
 hounds to run cover, since when untreed, the 
 cat will run the thickest bushes by choice ; it is, 
 however, objectionable as to the scent, which is 
 sweet, and quite opposite to those to which the 
 fox-hound should be restricted. The martin 
 will run many miles and shew great sport, taking 
 constantly to trees, in order to recover his wind, 
 the hounds in the meantime baying him, until 
 frightened or cudgelled down, when he shews a 
 most wonderful agility, frequently alighting in 
 the midst of the pack, and, although each hound 
 is mad to catch him, he is seldom caught, whilst 
 in sufficient strength to escape; and his escape 
 is greeted with a merry and loud general halloo ! 
 This is the crisis and chief pleasure of the martin 
 hunt. At his death, if not too much exhausted, 
 he generally leaves a remembrance of him upon 
 the noses of the dogs. 
 
 DEER HUNTING. 
 
 THE DEER is one of the five beasts of Venery> 
 and thus distinguished and denominated : RED 
 DEER, or the Stag and Hind, their offspring a 
 Calf. The HART, or six years old stag. FAL- 
 LOW DEER, or Buck and Doe, offspring a Fawn, 
 
APRIL.] Monthly Remembrancer. f)5 
 
 The ROE-BUCK, Buck, Doe, and Fawn. A SORE, 
 a male deer from four years old. 
 
 Deer procreate in the second year ; their term 
 of gestation, eight months, and they seldom 
 produce more than one at a birth, excepting the 
 Roe-buck. They are in perfection at from three 
 to five years, and live from twenty to thirty. 
 The fallow deer chiefly, with some stags, are 
 kept in parks, and fattened frequently, stall-fed 
 like other cattle : where the market for venison is 
 supplied, stags have been fattened to the weight 
 of forty stones. The deer is probably indigenous 
 to this country, or its original introduction is lost 
 in the depths of antiquity. The Roe-buck is, 
 perhaps, the smallest sized of European deer, 
 and was formerly confined to the northern parts 
 of this island, but of late years has been intro- 
 duced into Dorsetshire, by the Earl of Dorchester 
 and Mr, Pleydell, and is now found there in 
 considerable plenty. They are there hunted 
 with harriers, and the covers drawn for them as 
 for fox. In th,e forests and chases of Scotland 
 large herds of wild deer are yet to be seen ; and 
 upon the moors and chases of the West of Eng- 
 land, the red deer still remains ; but from the 
 increasing extent of cultivation, they are at 
 present but thinly scattered. 
 
 Deer hunting in ancient times stood in the 
 
 o 
 
 first rank and consequence of the chase, and is 
 
96 Sportsman's Calendar and 
 
 at present a royal diversion, there being a splen- 
 did establishment for the hunt on Windsor forest. 
 Few packs besides, of deer hounds, are now 
 kept in this country, the Fox hunt having, for 
 upwards of a century past, become the favourite 
 chase of the English. The Earl of Derby and 
 several other great sportsmen have packs of 
 hounds which hunt both deer and fox. The 
 best part of deer hunting, and most resembling 
 the natural chase, is the unharbouring an outly- 
 ing deer, tried for by the hounds, which, in an 
 inclosed country, may find a long day's work 
 for them, and great sport for the hunters. In 
 the regular deer hunt the game is carted to a par- 
 ticular spot at the cover side, and turned before 
 the hounds with the accustomed law ; and if in 
 condition and good will, he runs his length across 
 the country, makes his circles, and returning 
 upon his foot, regains his harbour; or is over- 
 taken by the hounds, run down and killed, or 
 preserved for a future day, deer hounds being 
 trained to stop, although within the scent of 
 blood. The stag is an animal of great courage, 
 and extremely dangerous to encounter at certain 
 seasons. The Roe-buck is supposed to do less 
 injury to woods than other deer. Its flesh resem- 
 bles that of the hare, both in flavour and in 
 being entirely without fat ; is in seasoa during 
 ' the winter : in perfection from eighteen months 
 
APRIL.] Monthly Remembrancer. 97 
 
 to two years and a half old. Bringing two, some- 
 times three fawns at a birth, they soon stock a 
 chase. 
 
 Deer were formerly coursed by greyhounds, 
 a courtly diversion in the reigns of Elizabeth and 
 James ; and the same sport is occasionally pur- 
 sued at present in parks and chases. Deer steal- 
 ing has long since given way to poaching of other 
 game. 
 
 The Rev. William Chajin, of Chettle House, 
 Cranbourn Chase, Dorset, of an ancient sporting 
 family, and who has followed the Rushmore 
 Buck hounds seventy years, in his late curious 
 and entertaining publication, intituled, " Anec- 
 dotes of Cranbourn Chase/' gives an account, 
 which must be novel to most readers, of Summer 
 Hunting the Buck in the West of England, as 
 practised in former days, and a favourite diver- 
 sion in the reigns of the Charleses and James II. 
 The time of meeting at cover was invariably/ow 
 o'clock in the evening, the sportsmen having taken 
 a luncheon at two o'clock, dining after the chase, 
 at the most fashionable hours of the present day. 
 Mr. Chafin supposes that, the summers in for- 
 mer times were hotter than at present, but he 
 will now doubtless make an exception in favour 
 of the passing season, which has surely been a 
 rare one for the evening hunt, were that not out 
 of fashion. The evening summer hunt must be 
 
98 Sportsman's Calendar and [APRIL. 
 
 both pleasant and convenient did it consist with 
 modern arrangements. The deer at that time 
 are easily found, empty and well able to run ; 
 as the dew falls the scent gradually improves, 
 and the cool air inspirits and invigorates the horses 
 and the hounds. Buck hunting, however, is most 
 proper for the evening; for, although hunting 
 the stag be a summer diversion, that chase might 
 prove too long for the light. The ancient Steeple 
 chase is, now and then, practised at present, by 
 brave candidates for the opportunity of break- 
 ing their own necks, or ruining their horses. It is 
 merely a match to ride from one given point to 
 another, a certain number of miles across the 
 country, as the crow files ! 
 
 On Hawking it would be a waste of time to 
 dilate, since it has become long obsolete, and is 
 never likely to be revived, under the present 
 circumstances of the country, and of society. 
 Colonel Thorntons books are the best guide to 
 the little which remains of hawking, at the 
 present time. 
 
MAY.] Monthly Remembrancer. 
 
 Sporting Engagements. 
 
 FISHING. 
 
 SEE TABLE. 
 HUNTING. 
 
 RACING. 
 AT MICHEL GROVE, SUS- 
 
 SEX, CHESTER, NEW- 
 MARKET SECOND SPRING 
 MEETING, YORK SPRING 
 MEETING, BEVERLY, 
 
 EPSOM SPRING MEET- 
 ING. 
 
 THE Hunters turned abroad, and the covering 
 Stallions should, during- the past and present 
 month, have a daily portion of lucerne cut for 
 them, where that most excellent, cooling, and 
 medicinal grass can be grown. The Turf now 
 begins to attract the general attention, and the 
 Cock-pit claims a secondary place to that grand 
 diversion. The great national meetings of New- 
 market, York, and Epsom, summon our great 
 Sportsmen to the betting-post. To the Angler's 
 list we may now add bream, barbel, smelt, eels, 
 pope, gudgeon. Bream are a gregarious fishy and 
 are found in shoals, both in rivers and ponds ; 
 they grow to a considerable size, and always 
 
100 Sportsman's Calendar and [MAY. 
 
 bite close to the ground, but are difficult to 
 catch. The barbel is also a shy and difficult 
 fish, and so active after being caught, as to leap 
 out of the hand or the basket. A jack is a 
 young pike, under twenty-two inches in length. 
 Eels will bite at any time in the day, the bait 
 upon the bottom. Gudgeon are taken in shallow 
 water, and gravelly and stony bottoms, which 
 should be raked until the water be thick, when 
 gudgeon will bite. In cold weather these fish 
 retire to deep water, and are not so easily taken. 
 
 THE FRESH WATER FISHERY, 
 ANGLING, &c. 
 
 FRESH WATER FISH are caught, whether for 
 profit or diversion, by the methods of netting, 
 snaring, bobbing, and angling with rod, hook, 
 and line, and variety of baits, living, dead, or 
 artificial. The usual division is into River and 
 Pond fishes. The chief of the former are, the 
 Salmon, Trout, Pike, Grayling, Perch, Roach, 
 Dace, Chub, Barbel, Pope or Ruff, Smelt, Gud- 
 geon, Eel. Pond fishes, that is to say, the species 
 with which ponds are usually stocked, are Carp, 
 Tench, and Eels ; although many or most of the 
 
MAY.] Monthly Remembrancer. 101 
 
 river fishes will thrive in large ponds, more espe- 
 cially lakes: the latter often abound in a variety 
 of both river and pond fish of the largest size, 
 exclusive of others peculiar to extensive waters. 
 The apparel of the experienced fisherman should be 
 dark in colour and close in form, that it may 
 contain nothing to alarm the fish ; green, how- 
 ever, seems the modish angler's colour ; also, 
 well lined and warm, particularly as to the head 
 and feet, the latter of which should be preserved 
 dry as possible, in order to the prevention instead 
 of the cure of rheumatism and its concomitants. 
 Fishing tackle has long been manufactured 
 with great neatness and perfection, and the angler 
 should purchase in the first instance, as a rule, 
 even should he intend afterwards to manufacture 
 for himself. For Rods, the preference is ancient 
 in favour of ground-hazel and ground-ash, which 
 should be cut towards the end of autumn, and 
 kept until properly seasoned, under the pressure 
 of weight, which may preserve them unwarped 
 and straight. The Bag Rod is now generally 
 used, whether for float or flyfishing. It may be 
 conveniently placed in a bag, and contained in a 
 side pocket adapted for the purpose. Hiccary, 
 and the tough woods, with shaved bamboo, are 
 used in making this rod, the joints of which 
 ought to fit to extreme nicety. The Salmon Rod 
 is made of ash f with a whalebone top. 
 
102 Sportsman's Calendar and [MAY. 
 
 LINES are made of horse-hair or silk ; when of 
 hair, it should be evenly sorted, that the strength 
 may be in proportion, and that the hairs may 
 not break singly. The colour grey or white, as 
 the nearest to the water colour. For muddy 
 waters and ground angling, reddfsh brown, or 
 chesnut coloured hairs are best suited. FLOATS 
 are made of the hardest and best quills, and their 
 load should be so nicely adjusted that, the top, 
 appearing above the surface of the water, may 
 be moved by the slightest nibble of a fish. For 
 fishing with a heavy bait, a cork float is requisite, 
 resembling in shape, a child's spinning top. The 
 cork must be sound and free from flaws, and may 
 be bored with a small red hot iron, lengthwise 
 through the centre ; then cut across the grain, 
 about two thirds of its length ; and the remain- 
 ing third, or summit of the float, should be 
 rounded with it, and smoothly finished with 
 pummice stone. In float fishing, the line should 
 be about one foot shorter than the rod, for the 
 convenience of unhooking the fish ; length of the 
 rod, from fourteen to fifteen feet ; light, stiff) and 
 elastic, so as to strike at the extremity of the 
 whalebone.. Hooks are in variety, adapted to 
 the variety of fishes, and are sharped with a small 
 whetstone. The iron must be so well tempered, 
 that they are neither brittle nor to be bent. 
 General Assortment of Tackle for fishing below 
 
MAY.] Monthly Remembrancer. 103 
 
 the surface or at bottom, Different kinds of lines 
 neatly coiled up ; strong single hairs ; hooks un- 
 tied of various sorts, as well as hooks tied to hot- 
 torn links of coarse and fine gimp, of twisted and 
 single silk-worm gut, of hogs* bristles, and of white 
 and reddish hair ; cork and quill floats, and spare 
 caps ; shot split, and small pistol bullets, to poise 
 the floats ; shoemakers' wax for the purpose of 
 arming the hooks; silk of various sizes and 
 colours, as hooks for ivorm jishing and red paste 
 are usually tied on with scarlet, those for gentles 
 with yellow paste, and for grubs with straw-co- 
 loured silk ; a plummet to ascertain the depth of 
 the water ; a clearing ring to disentangle the hook t 
 if at a stump or other immoveable substance ; but 
 if it hang to weeds, let the ring get below the hook, 
 then pull the twine, and the ring will break the 
 weeds, and save both line and hook ; but if it do 
 not release the hook, the line will be broken near to 
 it, and will not be strained in any other part. 
 Sharp pen-knife, pair of scissars, small whetstone, 
 landing net, disgorger, light jishing basket or creel. 
 
 The Tackle Book, to be bought at the Maker's, 
 is superior to the common bag ; it contains poc- 
 kets and partitions for wool, fur and hairs of the 
 finest sorts, large and small feathers of the dif- 
 ferent kinds in use, &c. 
 
 The Fishing Season extends from Lady-Day to 
 October. Winter Angling may be convenient for 
 
104 Sportsman's Calendar and [MAY, 
 
 a country family, where fish are plentiful : for 
 this, mild and calm weather and deep waters are 
 most proper. As to angling in general, the most 
 favourable hours were formerly supposed to be 
 four in the morning, until nine, and three in the 
 afternoon, until twilight ; but when fish are in 
 plenty, any hour, whether of day or night, may be 
 successful, in favourable weather, either calm, 
 or the waters gently agitated by light and rustling 
 winds. In summer heats, the coolest time of the 
 day should be chosen. Great heats, high and cold 
 winds, heavy rains, hail and deep snow, are 
 inimical to angling. Fish are driven from the spot 
 by sheep- washing, and by great quantities of 
 leaves of trees shed into the water. Generally, 
 whenever fishes play, they will also bite ; when 
 the trout leaps above water, and the pike shoots 
 in pursuit of his prey. The best chance for a 
 bite, will often lie in deep holes, clogged with 
 weeds, and under the roots of old trees ; in such 
 places however much risk is incurred of entangling 
 the hook, and much caution is required in strik- 
 ing at a bite, as too sudden and violent a jerk may, 
 at once, break the best tackle. 
 
 Baits for Angling, &c. are, the living common 
 small red worms of any description cadis, bob, 
 or clap-worms. Wasps, grubs, maggots, gentles ; 
 those found in ploughed lands, garden lob or dew 
 worms to bob for eels. Snails slit, shrimps, beetles, 
 
MAY.] Monthly Remembrancer. 105 
 
 grasshoppers ; small fishes, minnow, &c. Large 
 baits, roach, dace, smelts; yellow and green frogs. 
 Variousjlies stone-fly, and green-drake, from the 
 river side ; May-fly, Oak-fly, Ant-hill-fly, black or 
 Hawthorn-fly, Pa Inter or caterpillar^/Zy or ivorm. To 
 keep flies alive, they must be preserved, as much 
 as possible, in their natural state, whether as to 
 earth or water. Gentles should be put into bran or 
 moss, several days before used. 
 
 Dead Baits. Various pastes, in which is mixed 
 some glutinous or adhesive material, to prevent 
 their being washed off the hook. Some choose to 
 colour or perfume their pastes, in order to render 
 them enticing to the fish ; as with vermillion to 
 nearly the hue of salmon roe, and mixed with 
 honey, and scented with tincture of benzoin or 
 brandy, oil of asprey 9 coculus indicus, assafcetida, 
 oil of polypody, or the like. Blood of sheeps* 
 hearts, worked up with honey and flour, is a good 
 paste. Or, strong-scented old cheese, mixed with 
 rancid butter, or rusty fat of bacon melted, which 
 some Anglers colour with turmeric or saffron : 
 this last paste is supposed best for winter angling. 
 The eyes of fishes are good bait for every species. 
 Sheeps* blood, the kidney fat of a sheep, and ripe 
 cherries pounded in a mortar, with wheat flour, 
 were formerly in great repute as a bait. The scent 
 of camphor also, is said to be attractive to all kinds 
 offish. 
 
106 Sportsman's Calendar and [MAY. 
 
 Artificial flies may be purchased, with proper 
 directions, or made at home, by those who have 
 leisure. As a colouring for lines and artificial flies, 
 which should be a water-green, the following is an 
 old and successful receipt A pottle of alum- water, 
 with a large handful of marigolds ; these having 1 
 been boiled, infuse one pound of green copperas in 
 fine powder, with the hairs, to be boiled again, 
 during half an hour; to be then cooled during 
 half a day, and the hairs withdrawn, which will have 
 embibed the desired colour. For a yellow colour, 
 instead of copperas, boil in the alum-water, mari- 
 golds as before, with the addition of a handful of 
 turmeric, or green walnut shells, steeping your 
 articles, at least, twenty-four hours. 
 
 It is submitted to Anglers, whether their 
 diversion could not be rendered less cruel, by 
 the use of dead baits, instead of the larger living 
 ones. It is certain that, the carnivorous fishes 
 will bite at the baits when dead, provided they 
 be fresh and clean, and be moved about by the 
 angler, to resemble the living prey. Pike and 
 all voracious fishes will bite eagerly at a piece 
 of beef, of calve's or sheep's heart, or the entrails 
 of animals. Night lines also, as the present wri- 
 ter has experienced, may be successfully baited 
 with dead baits. 
 
 Top or Surface Fishing with the^. This may 
 be styled the elegant branch of the diversion of 
 
MAY.] Monthly Remembrancer. 10? 
 
 angling, and for the angler to acquit himself 
 handsomely, requires great dexterity and adroit- 
 ness in the use of the rod ; in part a natural gift, 
 but chiefly the result of practice. The line gene- 
 rally, should be twice as long as the rod, unless 
 the water be full of obstructions. A small fly 
 with clear wings, is best adapted to clear waters, 
 but larger may be used in muddy waters. The 
 colour of the fly should be suitable to those of the 
 water and the air, a store being in reserve of 
 orange, red-brown, black and light coloured flies : 
 the angler to keep out of sight of the fish, the 
 greatest practicable distance from the water side, 
 and fish down the stream, with the sun in his 
 face. The fly must be thrown upon the water, 
 without the line touching it. In slow and still 
 waters, cast the fly across, and letting it sink a 
 few inches, drawing it leisurely back, when it 
 will describe a circle. Strike instantly on a bite, 
 or the fish may clear the hook and escape. The 
 fly-fisher thus walks down the stream : in a strong 
 wind, he may remain stationary, near sheltered 
 arid deep waters. 
 
 Trimmer Angling is used in the still parts of a 
 river, in canals, or large pieces of water. A 
 round cork is used, half a foot in diameter, with 
 a groove, on which to wind up the line, allowing 
 enough with the hook, to hang about midwater, 
 and so much of the other end as will reach to the 
 
108 Sp&rtsman's Calendar and [MAY. 
 
 bank, where it is to be made fast. It may be so 
 left, whilst the angler attends other lines. When 
 the pike, or other fish, runs off with the bait, the 
 line veers off with him, without a check, to the 
 end. On taking in the line, the usual jerk is 
 necessary to secure the fish. 
 
 Trolling is in use for pike, sahnon and eels. 
 The trolling' rod is twelve to fourteen feet long, 
 and may be made with a common rod, having 
 fitted to it, a strong top, with a ring at the end, 
 for the line to run through, and with one ring 
 upon each joint, to conduct the line, set on 
 straight, that the line may run freely, and that no 
 sudden check, may prevent the fish from gorging 
 the bait. The line should be of silk, with a 
 swivel at the end, to receive the armed wire or 
 gimp, and full thirty yards long, wound upon 
 a reel, fenced at the butt-end of the rod. Trolling 
 hooks should not be too large, nor the points 
 stand too high. Cut off the wire about an inch 
 from the lead, and fasten securely about a foot of 
 strong gimp to the wire, a noose being left at the 
 other end of the gimp, large enough to admit the 
 bait to pass through, in order to hang it on the 
 line. The hook baited, may be gently put into 
 the water, and the bait be kept in constant mo- 
 tion, sometimes towards the bottom, and alter- 
 nately raised up to the surface. If pike will bite 
 at all, they generally lay hold at first. This fish 
 
MAY.] Monthly Remembrancer. 109 
 
 having struck, must be indulged with all the line 
 he will draw, until he reach his haunt, when he 
 may be allowed five or ten minutes, not more, to 
 pouch his bait ; the line must then be wound up 
 gently, until the fish be seen, which he will often 
 suffer pretty quietly, although he shall not have 
 gorged. Should the bait be still in or across his 
 mouth, more time must be given him. Should 
 he be sensible of the hook, and be struggling to 
 clear his mouth of it, the angler must endeavour 
 to make it more secure by a jerk, and do his best 
 by playing with and tiring out his fish; but 
 should it have swallowed the bait, it remains, by 
 veering out plenty of line, to manoeuvre and keep 
 the fish clear of roots of trees and other obstruc- 
 tions, until he can be landed with the net. A pike 
 of any considerable weight cannot be safely lifted 
 out of the water with the rod and line. In trolling, 
 the bait should never be thrown too far into the 
 water, which alarms the fish. Clear waters are best, 
 to troll for pike, and a rough wind, if not a cold 
 one, will forward the sport. The best months for 
 trolling are February and October ; the latter 
 being the highest season for pike, when they are 
 in the finest condition. 
 
 Shooting large fish is occasionally practised. 
 The iim must be directly under the fish, on 
 accou it of the resistance of the water. In land- 
 ing a pike beware of his teeth. In Snap angling 
 
110 Sportsman's Calendar and [MAY. 
 
 the snap has two large hooks placed back to back 
 with a small one in the centre, on which to place 
 the bait. The float swims down the current, 
 and on perceiving a bite, the angler gives a sud- 
 den snap, a jerk, keeps his line tight, and without 
 giving the fish any play, draws him towards the 
 shore, and nets him for landing. Pike are also 
 taken by ledger baits, or lines left by night ; and 
 by snaring with a noose of wire, fixed to a strong 
 pole, in those deeps or holes, in which pikes may 
 be seen reposing in the hottest part of a sum- 
 mer's day. The snarer gently slips the wire over 
 the head and gill-fins of the fish, and with a jerk 
 hoists it to land. This is obviously most practi- 
 cable \v\thjacks, or young pike. To the catching 
 of trout and carp by tickling them, which we 
 learn from an old volume of the Philosophical 
 Transactions, may be added a method at least as 
 probable to be successful, that of a person lying 
 down by the water side, in a warm day, and 
 taking out a fish at a time, with a hand covered 
 by a green worsted knitted glove. 
 
JUNE.] Monthly Remembrancer. 
 
 in 
 
 Sporting Engagements 
 
 SUMMER HUNTING. 
 
 THE STAG % ROE-BUCK. 
 
 VERMIN HUNTING. 
 
 THE BADGER, MARTEN 
 CAT, AND OTTER. 
 
 FISHING. 
 
 AT 
 
 RACING. 
 
 SOUTH SHIELDS, 
 
 GUILDFORD,MANCHES- 
 TER 3 MADDINGTON, 
 GRIMSBY, NEWTON, 
 ASCOT HEATH, TEN- 
 BURY, NEWCASTLE 
 UPON TYNE, BIBURY, 
 STAMFORD, NANT- 
 WICH, HAMPTON, MID 
 DLESEX. 
 
 SUMMER hunting the Stag and Roe-buck is 
 warm work, since not practised as in former 
 days, in the evening. To find the deer and hunt 
 him with fox-hounds, is the favourite sport of our 
 determined summer hunters, and is good exercise 
 for fox-hounds perfectly recovered and rather 
 above themselves in condition. Vermin : bad- 
 ger, and martin cat, and otter hunting, increase 
 i je sporting business of the summer months. 
 Fly-fishing is now at its height of interest among 
 anglers, and natural flies to be had in plenty. 
 
Ilj2 Sportsman's Calendar and [JUNE. 
 
 The Pike, or fresh water shark, is too well 
 known to need description. This fish, it is said, 
 has been ascertained to have lived to the age of 
 nearly three hundred years. His greatest weight 
 in Ireland has been seventy pounds, in Scotland 
 fifty, and in England nearly fifty. Pike frequent 
 shady, deep, and undisturbed waters, having a 
 solid, not muddy bottom, and are in such, of -the 
 largest size. In summer, they are found among 
 flags, bullrushes, waterdocks, and under the ranun- 
 culus aquaticus, when in flower and floating; 
 also in the deeps which terminate sharp currents. 
 In winter they retire to the deepest water, under 
 shelter of banks, roots of trees, and bushes ; into 
 mill-dams, and under bridges. The female pike, 
 and the young, not above from five to ten pounds 
 weight, are the best for the table. 
 
 The largest Salmon approach the weight of 
 forty pounds. They divide their time, unless 
 obstructed by weirs, rather equally between the 
 rivers and the sea, entering the fresh rivers in 
 February or March, where they remain until 
 August, and having cast their spawn, return to 
 the sea. The salt water promotes their growth, 
 and the fresh makes them fat; such as cannot 
 visit the sea being inferior in size and insipid in 
 flavour, and even perishing if they miss their an- 
 nual sea visit for two seasons. Scotland and Ireland 
 abound with salmon, and the markets of England 
 
JUNE.] Monthly Remembrancer. 113 
 
 would dispense with a far more plentiful supply 
 than they have. The chief English and Welsh 
 rivers which produce salmon, are the Severn, 
 Trent, Dee, Ex, Usk, Wye, Lon, Tyne, Working- 
 ton, Weaver, Medway, Thames, and some others. 
 In Lancashire formerly, salmon abounded beyond 
 the demand. The salmon is sportive and restless, 
 and swims towards the springhead, in the midst 
 of the deep and broad parts of the water,* or near 
 the ground, and bites best in the afternoon, in 
 clear water, fanned by fresh and pleasant zephyrs; 
 or when the wind and stream setting in opposite 
 directions, cause a ripling upon the water. He 
 is fickle with respect to baits, exercising the 
 patience of the angler, and giving him plenty 
 of work. The best baits are large, gaudy artifi- 
 cial jlies, lobworms well scoured, fish, raw cockle 
 or muscle from the shell, or prawns. The hook 
 must be large and strong, and well armed with 
 gimp or Westphalian bristles. A ledger bait must 
 be left about the middle of deep water; and bot- 
 tom fishing for salmon is usually more successful 
 than top or fly fishing. 
 
 The varieties of the Trout are the Scurf, Bull- 
 trout, Salmon-trout or Salmon-peale. Salmon- 
 trout is a variety of the trout resembling the 
 salmon. The Samlet, Brandling or Fingerin, are 
 found in some parts of this country, of small 
 size, and apparently partaking of the nature oC 
 
114 Sportsman's Calendar and [JUNE. 
 
 the trout or salmon. The famous For ditch-trout, 
 partaking of the nature and habits of the salmon 
 and nearly of its size, lives nine months of the 
 year in the sea, and is seldom caught by the 
 angler. Its flesh cuts white. In the lakes of 
 Geneva, the trout is said to attain the weight of 
 fifty pounds, and in France they have pond-trout 
 which reach thirty pounds. Ireland and Scot' 
 land produce large trouts, and in some of our 
 largest English rivers, they have been found of 
 the weight of nearly forty pounds ; in small 
 streams they seldom reach above seven or eight 
 pounds. They will feed to a vast size in ponds 
 and stews. Both the red and white Char of the 
 meers and lakes are of the trout species. The 
 most esteemed trout are the red and yellow, and 
 the female is preferred, being known by the 
 smaller size of the head and greater depth of 
 body. They spawn in November and Decem- 
 ber; but, unlike other fish, are not in high season 
 when full of spawn, being fattest and best in the 
 height of summer ; throughout winter, trowt is 
 lean, ill- flavoured, and unwholesome. 
 
 The trout is both of superior excellence for 
 the taste, and perhaps our greatest favourite for 
 the sport of angling. BAITS : brandling, lob- 
 worm, earthworm, dungworms, gentles or maggots, 
 natural or artificial flies, and the usual fish baits, 
 the trout being very voracious. He is a quick 
 
JUNE.] Monthly Remembrancer. 115 
 
 and sharp biter, not difficult as to the kind of 
 fly, whether artificial or natural, but for bottom 
 fishing, lobworm is his most killing bait. In fly 
 fishing, the best chance for trout is to sink the 
 fly half a foot below the surface, and the fly- 
 fisher should place himself with the wind at his 
 back, blowing down the stream. Trouts shelter 
 and lurk under banks or large stones, and among 
 weeds, watching their prey, their heads only 
 visible, and it is usual for the angler to go silently 
 up the stream and stir the water from the bot- 
 tom, immediately throwing the bait into the 
 place trouted. This sometimes succeeds. The 
 oldest and largest trout are caught by night, 
 when they bite ravenously, lying on the top of the 
 water ready for any prey. No lead is then used, 
 but the bait thrown gently across the surface, 
 and drawn back towards the angler. Trout are 
 also dibbed for, as chub, with a strong rod and 
 short line. 
 
1 16 Sportsman's Calendar and [JUNE. 
 
 THE TURF, OR HORSE-RACING, 
 BREEDING, % TRAINING. 
 
 HORSE AND CHARIOT-RACING were practised 
 by the ancient Greeks and Romans, and the for- 
 mer was revived in this country, and for a long 
 period of time was peculiar to it. Horse-racing 
 is even at this day confined to England and her 
 dependencies, and to the United States of Ame- 
 rica ; France, after making trial of the sport for 
 a few years, having abandoned it. Public Horse- 
 racing for Plates and Matches assumed a regular 
 form, as early as the reign of James I. and the 
 science of breeding and training seems to have 
 been then somewhat mature. Newmarket, from 
 the elasticity and excellence of the turf by which 
 it was surrounded, became at that period the 
 head-quarters of Horse-racing, a superiority 
 which it has ever since retained. The Curragh 
 of Kildare maintains a similar pre-eminence in 
 Ireland. 
 
 The British and Irish race-horse is, or ought 
 to be, descended from the pure South Eastern 
 blood, or race of horses only; and the crosses or 
 admixtures of the common breed of this country, 
 in the reputed runner, have been rare and acci- 
 
JUNE.] Monthly Remembrancer* 117 
 
 dental. The true breed, or original Coursers, 
 at least that which has been in the highest esti- 
 mation, within the last century, is the Mountain 
 Arabian and the Barb, although we have had 
 successful stallions from Turkey, Syria, and 
 Persia. The true Arabs, perhaps, seldom or 
 never exceed fifteen hands in height. The Barbs 
 seldom exceed fourteen hands, and are of a more 
 slender form, and more leggy than the Arabians, 
 with somewhat of a mulish appearance. None, 
 however, of the foreign horses, from which our 
 racers spring, have ever proved racers in this 
 country themselves, notwithstanding ancient and 
 somewhat recent trials. About half a century 
 since, there was a plate at Newmarket for im- 
 ported Arabians, but they trained so ill, and 
 shewed so little running upon the course, chiefly 
 speed, and that in no considerable degree, that 
 it was soon discontinued ; and imported horses, 
 in England, are not expected to race, but to 
 procreate racers. In Bengal, the native southern 
 horses, Arabs, Syrians, and Persians, are the 
 chief racers ; and, it is averred, are there supe- 
 rior to the racers imported from England. Per- 
 haps the length of the voyage, and the heat of 
 the climate, unnerve and disable the English bred 
 horse, or that none of high qualifications are 
 exported. 
 The appellations by which the Courser is distin- 
 
118 Sportsman's Calendar and [JUNE. 
 
 guished in common use, are, the racer, race-horse, 
 or running horse: a horse which is truly bred for 
 the course, both by sire and dam, whether he 
 be able to race or not, is denom mated thorough 
 bred, or bred. A horse having a shew of racing 
 blood is called a blood-horse. The produce of a 
 bred horse and common bred mare, or vice versa, 
 is styled half-bred; that of a half-bred mare and 
 bred horse three parts bred; and that from a 
 three part bred mare and a bred horse seven- 
 eights bred. Horses of the last description have 
 occasionally proved racers, as Sampson, the last 
 Driver, and a few others. 
 
 The true form of the racer from Mr. Lawrence : 
 " In order to capital performance, a racer should 
 have sufficient general length; but in the neck and 
 legs length should be moderate; open nostrils, and 
 loose and disembarrassed windpipe; high, deep, 
 and extensive shoulders, falling back into the 
 waist; broad and substantial loins or fillets, deep 
 quarters, wider in proportion than the shoulders, 
 that the hinderfeet may be farther apart than the 
 fore; the curve of the hock sufficient to give 
 adequate support to the loins; the pasterns to 
 correspond with the neck and legs in moderate 
 length and declination, and the toes to point in 
 a direct line. Such are the cardinal points in a 
 race-horse, and as these prevail more or less, in 
 proportion will be his speed or his stoutness, in 
 
JUNE.] Monthly Remembrancer. 119 
 
 other words, power of continuance. The most 
 perfect shape for strength and action consists in 
 the union of width and depth; width decreasing, 
 and depth somewhat increasing at the shoulder, 
 which should also decline backward." 
 
 In the race-horse the shoulders are the most 
 material parts, as being most contributary to 
 action. In some the back is short, with a close 
 approximation of the ribs and hip-bones, the 
 defect of length being made up in the legs, and 
 perhaps the neck: in others, their length lies 
 chiefly in the waist, with a considerable space 
 between the ribs and bones; this latter form or 
 the inclination towards it, for the extreme has 
 an evident tendency to weakness, granting it be 
 supported by proportionate depth of carcase, 
 substance of loin, and extent in the haunches, 
 is, perhaps, most conducive to stride, and the 
 power of continuance, if not to ready action. 
 The above descriptions indicate the round or 
 barrel shape, and its opposite the deep or counter 
 form ; at any rate, according to the old rule, a 
 racer must have length somewhere. 
 
 From the solid texture of the sinews, and sub- 
 stance of the bones, in the southern horse, and 
 his descendant the English racer, they are ena- 
 bled to carry greater weight in proportion, either 
 in rest, or in action, than the northern or horses 
 of Europe, a fact which was determined sixty 
 
120 Sportsman's Calendar and [JUNE. 
 
 or seventy years since, by a curious experimental 
 bet of the late well-known sportsman Captain 
 Vernon, whose mare Amelia, by the Godolphin 
 Arabian, won the palm, by bearing a greater 
 weight without shrinking, than a miller's horse 
 was able to do, which had been accustomed to 
 carry heavy loads throughout his life. Such 
 trials, however, like long and desperate races, 
 are barbarous, almost unavoidably ending in 
 the irreparable injury and misery through life, 
 of the poor victims of them ; and deserve not 
 .the countenance of Sportsmen. It is to be ob- 
 served that, from the fineness of the skin, and 
 smoothness of the hair in the bred horse, the 
 bone does not shew size and bulk so prominently 
 as in the common coarse-haired horse, whence 
 there may be a deception in the appearance of 
 the former, with respect to strength. Sampson, 
 the race-horse, measured eight inches and a 
 half round the smallest part of his fore leg, and 
 nine inches round the same part of his hinder 
 leg. 
 
JULY.] Monthly Remembrancer. 
 
 121 
 
 Sporting Engagements. 
 
 FISHING. 
 HUNTING. 
 
 RACING. 
 
 AT IPSWICH, LANCASTER, 
 LUDLOW, BATH, NEW- 
 MARKET JULY MEET- 
 
 ING, PRESTON, IRVINE, 
 BRIDGENORTH, STOCK- 
 BRIDGE, CHELMSFORD, 
 NOTTINGHAM, DERBY, 
 GLAMORGAN, SWAFF- 
 HAM, GOODWOOD, OX- 
 FORD, BRIDGEWATER, 
 YARMOUTH, WINCHES- 
 TER, KNUTSFORD. 
 
 IN the present month, the hunting groom takes 
 up his horses from grass, the fly being now busy, 
 and prepares to get them through their physic 
 previously to training them for the approaching 
 season. The racing groom is more occupied in 
 keeping up the condition of his engaged horses, 
 and dispatching them forward upon their journies. 
 Racing and cocking are the prevailing sports of 
 this month, but it has been remarked, and 
 with truth, that the votaries of the gun may 
 find diversion throughout the whole year, in 
 
122 Sportsman's Calendar and [JuLY. 
 
 pigeon shooting, and in pursuit of birds of the 
 marsh, fen and common. 
 
 The Paces of the Racer are the walk and the 
 gallop ; in the latter, some push the leg forward 
 naturally, with the knee very slightly bent, and 
 were styled by the old jockies, daisy cutters, go-^"" 
 ing so near to the ground, as to shave, as it were, 
 the turf with their hoofs : these may be true 
 racers, but they are very unsafe to ride upon the 
 road. Other racers bend their knees like road 
 horses, and lifting their feet clear of the ground, 
 have a more active, though a shorter stroke. 
 These latter, granting they have a moderate 
 stride, and sufficient internal power to support 
 the additional labour of making a greater num- 
 ber of strokes, will, in general, prove superior to 
 the great striders, which are apt to over-reach 
 themselves, and to loiter on the ground, their 
 hinder quarters not following with sufficient 
 energy, and losing time whilst they cover space ; 
 but when both qualifications are united in the 
 same animal, it must, no doubt, be able to cover 
 the greatest length of ground in a given time. 
 Such pre-eminently, were Flying Childers, Bonny 
 Black, and Eclipse ; with which, of latter days, 
 we have none to bring into comparison. 
 
 As to the internal qualities of the Racer, the 
 hot and eager temperament is generally connected 
 with delicacy of appetite, inaptitude for severe 
 
J UL Y.] Monthly Remembrancer. 1 23 
 
 tasks, to carry high weights, or for long courses ; 
 but accompanied with ready action or speed : 
 horses of the opposite constitutional tendency 
 will, for the most part, be found hard feeders, 
 accumulating much internal fat, and carrying 
 an external coat of solid and lasting flesh ; able 
 to carry weight, calculated for the longest dis- 
 tances, in need rather of being urged to exertion, 
 than restrained by the rein, and more distin- 
 guished for stoutness, in the Turf phrase, namely, 
 stoutness of heart, or ability to last, than for speed. 
 A true Pedigree of the Race Horse must record 
 all the sires and dams to the last-mentioned and 
 earliest, and prove them to have been true-bred, 
 although it be not necessary that all of them 
 should have actually raced. If the pedigree be 
 short, it is requisite that the last mare mentioned 
 be either a racer, or a known and true-bred brood 
 mare, British or Southern. The old blood, or 
 horses with the longest pedigrees, are generally 
 held to be superior. Example, in the pedigree 
 of one of our most famous racers Shark by 
 Marsk,fam by Snap, grand-darn by Marlborough ? 
 brother to Babram, out of a natural Arabian 
 mare. Here, the dam was known to be a thorough 
 bred daughter of Snap ; Marlborough, although 
 not distinguished as a racer, was full brother to 
 one, and the netu blood of the great grandam, 
 had been blended with the highest English blood* 
 
124 Sportsman's Calendar and [JULY. 
 
 THE BREEDING STUD. 
 
 RACERS may be bred in any part of our fortu- 
 nate and plentiful country, with good stabling 
 and paddocks, and a good exercise ground ; a 
 light soil, soft water and elastic turf being prefer- 
 able. Pedigree, in both horse and mare, is the 
 first consideration ; the next ought perhaps to be 
 thorough shape, but it is invariably high racing 
 character ; and even in untried stallions and 
 mares, pedigree always being considered before 
 form. Indeed capital racing necessarily implies 
 form in the cardinal points. Great size is ano- 
 ther favourite consideration with Turf breeders, 
 and so far just that, a great good hors must always 
 beat a little good one ; but too many of our racers 
 run too tall and leggy, and these horses should 
 be bred with so much regard to strength and 
 utility of form, that they may be useful for other 
 purposes should they prove unable to race : it 
 being well considered at first, how few bred horses 
 prove capital runners, and what a number are 
 unable to run at all. 
 
 'It has never yet been usual to breed horses in 
 and in, after the practice of our famous Cattle 
 Breeders, although some of our highest formed 
 racers have been so bred. Crossing in the Turf 
 Stud, refers to an intermixture of the different 
 
JULY.] Monthly Remembrancei\ 125 
 
 racing blood or stocks ; for example, of the de- 
 scendants of the Godolphin Arabian, or any of 
 the later blood with the most ancient, as, the 
 Byerley Turk, Darley Arabian, Alicock Arabian, 
 Curvven Barb and others, the rule being observed 
 in their descendants respectively. But it is a 
 yery erroneous notion, to suppose that our race 
 horses have originated in a cross between foreign 
 and indigenous British horses. Such a course 
 has never been held, in either theory or practice. 
 Finally however, the cross for form and qualifi- 
 cation, is of infinitely the greater consequence ; 
 as for example, to join a hot and speedy stallion 
 with a temperate and stout mare, or the reverse ; 
 or long and loose shapes with the more substan- 
 tial and fixed. On the important and nice points 
 of this subject, various practical information will 
 be found in the Additions to the third Edition of 
 the Philosophical and Practical Treatise on 
 Horses, to which breeders are referred. 
 
 To a person who does not intend to launch ex- 
 tensively into breeding for the turf, it obviously 
 affords a better chance for a racer, to purchase a 
 well bred and well shaped untried colt or filly i 
 since according to the usual run of luck in the 
 stud, many middling or worthless foals will be 
 bred to one racer. Nor is it any matter of cer- 
 tainty that, a first rate running horse or mare, 
 shall exhibit equal qualifications for breeding, 
 
 M 2 
 
126 Sportsman's Calendar and [JULY, 
 
 many of our best racers, having never produced 
 good racing stock, even from a variety of the 
 most capital mares. Once again, a stallion shall 
 be tried for many seasons, producing nothing 
 that can run, and yet in the ultimate, get capi- 
 tal stock. Endless examples of this kind might 
 be given. A racing Stallion is certainly a good 
 lottery ticket. 
 
 In former times, the Stallion, being turned 
 loose to the mares, was in consequence unable to 
 supply so many, as according to the modern 
 system of covering in hand : accidents also must 
 have been more frequent in the old practice, 
 and the new has not always been exempt from 
 them, whence the necessity of confining the mare, 
 if not quiet. A standing of short posts fixed into 
 the earth, to which the mare's pasterns may be 
 strapped, is far preferable to loosely confining the 
 legs. A mare was presented to the stallion, 
 hoppled, as it is called. She quickly got her legs 
 loose,, and with a kick, broke the horse's thigh. 
 Mares are often horsing in the Autumn, and 
 winter foals have been formerly bred, but modern 
 experience gives no sanction to that custom, the 
 Covering Season being in the Spring, extending 
 generally, from February, to the commencement 
 of the Dog-Days ; the length of the term afford- 
 ing a double chance to those mares which are 
 backward in being stinted, and to those stinted 
 
JULY.] Monthly Remembrancer. 127 
 
 early, since priority, and the growth of two, 
 three or four months, may be a great advantage 
 to colts or fillies, engaged to run at two and three 
 years old ; and since racers take the dates of their 
 age, universally from May-day. The mare's 
 horsing is usually periodicalthroughout the season, 
 returning every six, nine, or fifteen days. Barren 
 mares seldom refuse the horse : broken winded 
 mares very rarely breed, and crib-biters are often 
 barren. 
 
 Period of Gestation in the mare, from eleven 
 months and ten days, to a full year. The mare 
 goes longest with a colt foal, and generally longest 
 with her first foal. The stud accounts of the 
 writer hereof extend from 334 to 363 days. A 
 correct Stud Book, should be kept, comprising 
 pedigrees, dates and memorandums of every kind, 
 relative to breeding, existing state and disposal of 
 the stock, and of all material concerns of the 
 Stud. 
 
 After the mare has/oa/ed, she will admit the 
 horse in three, four, or nine days. The mare, if 
 in health, and firm in body, may be covered at 
 the ninth day, with a repetition the two days 
 following. Mares must be presented to the stal- 
 lion on every return of their horsing, until stinted, 
 which wilLappear from their refusal of him; the 
 stinted mares are then turned into their pad- 
 Hocks, where should be thatch'd sheds or hovels, 
 
128 Sportsman's Calendar and [JULY, 
 
 as shelter from the sun and flies ; no geldings or 
 young stock being admitted among them, from 
 the risk of accidental abortion. Roomy and com- 
 fortable Boxes, well littered and frequently re- 
 plenished, are equally necessary to protect the 
 breeding stock from the inclemency of the 
 weather, during the winter season ; and at all 
 times, the feeding should be most liberal, con- 
 sisting of the finest and most fragrant hay, the 
 heaviest oats, and occasionally fine pollard ; with 
 the choisest food of every season, carrots, lucerne, 
 green tares, in short every article of provision 
 conducive to their nourishment and comfort, 
 the neglect of which will, in the end, be found 
 far more expensive than the provision. 
 
 A punctual daily inspection of the brood mares, 
 is necessary, and perhaps it is most safe to with- 
 draw each individual, within a few days or a 
 week of her reckoning, to a safe and convenient 
 place by herself; in early foaling or bad weather 
 always within doors, or in a loose stable or out- 
 house. The mare brings forth in a standing po- 
 sition, generally in the night, or early in the 
 morning, and when in a secure place, is liable to 
 as few accidents, and has as easy partrition, as 
 any female whatever. Her signs of approaching 
 delivery, visible three days previous are, dimi- 
 nished size of the belly, flaucidity of the udder, tail 
 pointing out, swelling of the parts and discharge. 
 
JULY.] Monthly Remembrancer. 129 
 
 The placenta, or after burden, should be removed. 
 It is most safe to allow the mare warm water, du- 
 ring the first and second day after delivery, with 
 comfortable malt and pollard mashes ; and she 
 and the foal being in health, nothing more is 
 needed for them, but due attendance and the 
 best keep, whether within or without doors. In 
 breeding horses of every description, indeed all 
 animals, it is a universal truth, the best care and 
 keep will produce the greatest profit. Should the 
 mare's milk fail, every food or drink should be 
 allowed to encourage that secretion : such as 
 
 O ' 
 
 mashes, warm and sweet grains, the finest rowen 
 or other hay, cordial ball, in as much mild ale as 
 she will drink. 
 
 Racing and all other covering Stallions are 
 much neglected. Their feet should be attended 
 to, the toes kept short, and their hoofs be daily sup- 
 pled with water. Racing stallions are too much 
 confined to the stable, when air and gentle exercise 
 would be highly beneficial to them. Bodily clean- 
 liness should be observed, and if their legs, and the 
 parts above were sluiced in water, either at home 
 or abroad, morning and evening, it would greatly 
 comfort and invigorate them. A gentle purge or 
 two of the usual kind, a week or fortnight before 
 the covering season, will greatly strengthen and 
 beneiit the stallion ; and should he be heated, and 
 bound in body, in the midst of it, a, very common 
 
130 Sportsman 9 s Calendar and [JULY. 
 
 case, a single course of purging salts, will be an 
 effectual remedy and restore his appetite and 
 vigour. Or should he be loose and throw off his 
 meat, afterwards, fine white split-peas, the small- 
 est beans, or wheat, in small quantities., mixed 
 with his oats, will probably restore and nourish 
 him, if he be not overworked, too generally the 
 case; a circumstance which will engage the at- 
 tention of the proprietor of the mare to be co- 
 vered, granting he know his own interest. 
 
AUG.] Monthly Remembrancer. 131 
 
 august 
 
 Sporting Engagements. 
 
 SHOOTING. 
 
 GROUSE. 
 
 HUNTING. 
 
 RACING. 
 
 AT ABINGTON, HUNTING- 
 DON, NEWCASTLE-UN- 
 
 DER-LYNE, BROXASH 
 DOWNS, NEAR BROM- 
 YARD, LEWES, SALIS- 
 BURY, WORCESTER, 
 CANTERBURY, BRIGH- 
 TON, YORK, BLAND- 
 FORD, HEREFORD, EX- 
 ETER, EGHAM, CHES- 
 TERFIELD. 
 
 THIS, as well as the last, may be deemed one 
 of the busiest months of the sporting year, not 
 only for the sports actually going forward, but 
 on account of the various preparations for the 
 ensuing winter campaigns. Grouse shooting 
 commences in this month, and flappers, or young 
 wild ducks, are sought in the brooks, rivers, and 
 large pieces of waters; but they are yet too 
 young, and of far more worth in the following 
 month. Salmon and trout fishing in all the variety 
 of mode, are in the height of perfection, the 
 latter coming again into high season in the pre- 
 
132 Sportsman's Calendar and [Auo. 
 
 sent month. Great quantities of these valuable 
 fish may be caught by the diligent angler. With 
 respect to preparation, the hunting groom is now 
 training and completing the condition of his horses, 
 the huntsman of his hounds. The breaker is 
 finishing the education of his young pointers, for 
 the grand trial on the first of next month; whilst 
 the fire-arms are examined and put into the safest 
 condition, and a stock of ammunition provided 
 for the commencement of the season, a period 
 of so much importance to the lovers of the gun. 
 
 A foal losing its dam, and no foster mother 
 within reach, may be reared by hand, on cow's 
 milk, as the race-horses Cade and Milk-sop were. 
 That common defect in racing foals, crookedness 
 in the pastern joints, and thence an oblique direc- 
 tion of the toe, inwards or outwards, admits of 
 no remedy, but the superior one of prevention, 
 in breeding from horse and mare both void of 
 the defects, and of just form and symmetry, the 
 defect in question arising from hereditary imper- 
 fection or weakness. Foals are weaned at the 
 end of the grass season, and should be handled 
 and headstalled as soon as possible. Yearlings 
 must not be admitted among the mares and foals, 
 
 O ' 
 
 as not broken of the habit of sucking. Colts 
 and fillies are kept separate. 
 
 Breaking of young racers must always take 
 place early, no particular impediment existing. 
 
AUG.] Monthly Remembrancer. 133 
 
 from the custom of training even two year olds 
 for the course. Indeed, from the great expence 
 of these horses, it is of consequence to know, as 
 early as possible, their racing merits, although it 
 must be granted, that too early work is highly 
 injurious to their powers. They should be broken 
 by a light weight and the most moderate work, 
 it being always understood that, the horse or 
 dog-breaker be a man void of passion, and of 
 unconquerable patience of temper. Breaking 
 the race-horse is the most simple part of that 
 business; all that is required, being to give the 
 nag a good mouth, and render it quiet to ride. 
 As to paces, nature has already done the needful, 
 in the natural walk and gallop, and we never 
 inquire whether a running horse goes with his 
 right or left foot first, leaving that to his own ease 
 and discretion. 
 
 Training the racer, in the early periods of the 
 turf, was loaded with a number of absurd, inju- 
 rious, and superfluous practices ; he was over 
 clothed, purged, sweated, and kept in a stable at 
 the temperature of an oven. The methods of 
 training have been, of late years, greatly im- 
 proved, although improvement may be yet with 
 propriety carried somewhat farther. No horse 
 should be put into galloping exercise, without 
 the previous exhibition of two or three doses of 
 the usual purging physic, to unlade his intestines 
 
134 Sportsman's Calendar and [AUG. 
 
 and cool his blood. Speedy or sharp exercise 
 upon a loaded habit is dangerous ; and all expe- 
 rience, much to be preferred to the theories of 
 riding-school jockies, proves that, purgation is 
 intimately and beneficially connected with horse- 
 racing. 
 
 Rising grounds and a dry, sound turf, neither 
 stony nor deep and adhesive, are the most suita- 
 ble for the purpose of training; which consists 
 in walking, cantering) and gallbpping exercises 
 of the horses, in their body clothes and hoods, 
 generally twice a-day; and in periodical gallops 
 of four or five miles, styled sweats, every five, 
 seven, or ten days, according to the condition or 
 constitution of the horse. In a sweat, the horse 
 is loaded with a number of clothes and hoods, and 
 gallopped through the piece, at a considerable 
 rate, and excited to occasional bursts of speed, 
 in order to promote a copious discharge of per- 
 spiration, and reduce his superfluous flesh. The 
 run being finished, the horse is taken to a stable, 
 or convenient shed, where he is immediately 
 stripped, and the sweat removed from his body, 
 with a wooden scraper. 
 
 The above routine is persevered in daily, dur- 
 ing the length of time necessary to perfect the 
 condition of the horse for the course, which will 
 generally be in two or three months from the 
 commencement of his exercise. The usual length 
 
AUG.] Monthly Remembrancer. 135 
 
 of the gallop is about a mile and a quarter, after 
 which the horses are watered, then have a canter, 
 and walk to stable. As they advance in wind and 
 condition, their exercise is given more sharp, 
 and they take their brushing gallops, in which 
 they are put nearly to the top of their speed, to 
 the length of half a mile or upwards. These, 
 with the trial, complete the training process. 
 The young ones are, in course, tried, either two 
 miles, or over the course, which is four miles, 
 against a reputed racer. A trial being intended, 
 public notice is given of the time fixed, that no 
 person may be found within sight of the horses. 
 
 In the winter season and uncertain weather, 
 race-horses in training seldom go out more than 
 once a-day. Winter training is generally prac- 
 tised from the opinion that horses, if once suffered 
 to lose their racing condition, take afterwards too 
 great a length of time to recover it, which is 
 besides a matter of uncertainty : to this common 
 notion should be opposed, the well known cooling 
 and invigorating effects of the earth and the air 
 upon the body, limbs, and feet of the horse, to 
 be obtained in two months run in a well-sheltered 
 paddock, provided with a warm loose stable in 
 which to retire at his pleasure. 
 
 With respect to farther improvement in the 
 training system, cautions were given many years 
 since, by Mr. Lawrence, against excess in the 
 
136 Sportsman's Calendar and [Auc. 
 
 use of purges, which perhaps still prevails; 
 against the too great weight of sweaters carried, 
 particularly by young over-grown horses, from 
 which they were generally crippled before they 
 come to the starting post, and also against the too 
 frequent use of sweats; it being at the same time 
 proposed to omit heavy sweating clothes entirely 
 with weak, washy, or bad-legged horses; in fact, 
 to make some experiments of the success of train- 
 ing such horses without the usual sweats, which 
 are always far more injurious to them than their 
 actual races. An instance was given of a horse 
 which had only walking exercise, with an occa- 
 sional gallop or canter, and yet, with such train- 
 ing, ran three severe four mile heats for a plate, 
 fully up to his usual form. Chifney, in his book 
 says, on sweating the horse, " being thus worked, 
 clothed, and stoved, it so affects him at times, 
 that he keeps breaking out in fresh sweats, that it 
 pours from him, when scraping, as if water had 
 been thrown on him. Nature cannot bear this. 
 The horse must dwindle. I think in the first 
 place, that the horse has been too long at this 
 sort of work for his sinews ; then the clothing 
 and stoving forces his juices from him, in such 
 quantities as must destroy his spirits, strength, 
 and speed ; and much clothing jades horses. 
 A horse don't meet with this destruction when he 
 s' ." All the followers of the turf well 
 
AUG.] Monthly Remembrancer. 137 
 
 know the mild method of training and treatment 
 of the race-horse, long since adopted and suc- 
 cessfully persevered in, by Sir Charles Bunbury, 
 and would find their account, both with respect 
 to profit and humanity, by making trial of it. 
 
 The following quotation contains hints of the 
 utmost consequence, not only to the proprietors 
 of race horses, but of all others which are used 
 for speedy travelling. " There is nothing more 
 difficult to determine, than the existence, or ex- 
 tent of the injuries, affecting those fibres or 
 threads, by which that wonderful piece of work, 
 the animal machine, is sown together. A horse 
 is suddenly let down in the sinews, but the in- 
 jury may have been of gradual access, increasing 
 necessarily with his exercise. At first, perhaps, 
 a few muscular fibres were strained, that is, 
 stretched beyond their natural limit of extension ; 
 the parts affected become in consequence, more 
 liable, and repetitions of the accident ensue, un- 
 til the joints and tendons are disabled. It re- 
 quires a practised hand and eye, and critical 
 skill, to detect these injuries in their recent and 
 remediable state. They are unknown and slighted 
 by custom, until they forcibly make themselves 
 known to be incurable." Delin. Race Horse. 
 
 With respect to the performances of Race 
 Horses. The Devonshire, or Flying Childers, in 
 1722, ran over the Round Course at Newmarket^ 
 
 N 2 
 
138 Sportsman's Calendar and [Auc. 
 
 a distance of three miles, six furlongs, ninety- 
 three yards, in six minutes and forty seconds, 
 carying nine stone two pounds ; in which per- 
 formance he must have moved eighty-two feet 
 and a half in one moment or second of time, or 
 nearly after the rate of a mile in one minute. 
 He likewise ran over the Beacon Course, four 
 miles, one furlong, one hundred and thirty-eight 
 yards, in seven minutes, thirty seconds, covering 
 at each stride, a space of twenty-five feet. He 
 leaped ten yards on the level ground, with the 
 rider on his back. It was never ascertained that 
 Eclipse was timed by the watch, but it was judged 
 that, in 1766, he ran the four miles over York 
 Course, carrying twelve stone, in eight minutes. 
 In the same year, Bay Malton ran the same course, 
 wkh eight stone seven pounds, in seven minutes 
 forty-three seconds and a half. Merry Bachelor, 
 some years before, ran twenty-five miles in one 
 hour. Firetail beating Pumpkin, carrying eight 
 stone, ran a mile at Newmarket, in 1773, in one 
 minute four seconds and a half; but no horse has 
 hitherto been proved to have run, at any weight, a 
 mile within one minute, although such a per- 
 formance has been often supposed; nor has it 
 hitherto been ascertained, how many miles a race 
 horse is capable of running within one hour. 
 
 Trotting. Perhaps our speediest horses of that 
 description, have moved at the rate of full twenty- 
 
AUG.] Monthly Remembrancer. 139 
 
 three miles in one hour, since a single mile has 
 been performed in several seconds less than three 
 minutes, with a considerable weight. Sixteen 
 miles have been fairly trotted over the road, several 
 minutes within the hour, with twelve stone ; and 
 seventeen miles in fifty -three minutes, with six 
 stone; a less weight to carry, by eighty-four 
 pounds. In harness , and with a light carriage 
 for the purpose, and over a chosen road, fourteen 
 miles and a half were trotted in about fifty-seven 
 minutes. 
 
 All Racing Transactions, and information re- 
 lative to the Turf, are comprised in the annual 
 volume, or Racing Calendar, published by Messrs. 
 Weatherby, of London. These Calendars com- 
 menced in 1727. As to the present state of the 
 Turf: In 1816, there were eighty-two Race 
 Courses in England, three in Wales, nine in Scot- 
 land, six in Ireland, and fifty-seven racing Stallions 
 advertised to cover in England. 
 
 Fatal Accidents so frequently occurring at 
 races, from persons heedlessly crossing the course 
 during the race, the following example of Oxford 
 is earnestly recommended to all Stewards of 
 Races. The plan, which was published several 
 years since, is said to have had the most complete 
 success, in keeping the course perfectly clear. 
 A score of foot, and two horse constables, were 
 employed ; the foot, all stout young men, selected 
 
140 Sportsman's Calendar and [AuG. 
 
 for the purpose, and specially sworn before the 
 Mayor of the City, who strictly charged them to 
 do their duty, and offend no one. On the bell 
 ringing for saddling, the constables, in a body, 
 with long staves, requested all the company to 
 retire on the right side of the lines, which are 
 double on each side, with ample room for all. 
 This succeeded so well, that the attendance of the 
 horse -constables was dispensed with the next day. 
 It is necessary to have the constables specially 
 sworn, by which they are protected from insult, 
 and all who obstruct them are liable to prosecu- 
 tion. Boards also were put up at different parts 
 of the course, strictly forbidding persons to cross 
 while the horses are running, on pain of the se- 
 verest prosecution. 
 
AUG.] Monthly Remembrancer. 141 
 
 COCK FIGHTING. 
 
 THE very ancient diversion of Cock -fight ing, or 
 Cocking, generally accompanies that of the Race 
 Course, and we find in the Racing Calendar for 
 1816, accounts of the Mains of Cocks, fought at 
 Chester, Newton, Stamford, Nantwich, Newcastle t 
 Lancaster, Preston, and Swaffham ; the Earl of 
 Derby, Sir William Wynne, T. Legh, Esq. W. F. 
 Brockholes, Esq. and Rowland Satterthwaite, Esq. 
 being the chief gentlemen-cockers. In the me- 
 tropolis and environs, there are several Cock Pits, 
 but the head-quarters of the sport are, the Cock 
 Pit Royal, Tuf ton- Street, Westminster, commenc- 
 ing each night in the season at a quarter before 
 six precisely. The year's Cocking usually begins 
 soon after Shrovetide, at which festival, the unjust 
 and barbarous practice of throwing at Cocks is 
 now universally laid aside, and nearly forgotten, 
 excepting among a few societies in the country, 
 the most ignorant and despicable at present re- 
 maining. 
 
 As to breeding and feeding of Game Cocks, the 
 best rules may be found in Sketchley's Cocker, 
 and Moubray's Treatise on Poultry. Cockers 
 have a similar prejudice in favour of this or that 
 
142 Sportsman's Calendar and ' [Auc. 
 
 particular colour, or strain, as Horse Coursers 
 have of fashionable blood ; and such prejudice is 
 apt to vary in the same way ; but at last, true 
 blood, good form, and good management are, in 
 both, the grand essentials. The cock is said to 
 be in his prime and full vigour at two years old, 
 which he probably retains to his fifth year; the 
 hen retains hers, somewhat longer. Cockers 
 breed in and in, or from father and daughter, 
 brother and sister, without scruple. The follow- 
 ing is a description of a Brood Cock, in full health 
 and vigour : " A ruddy complexion, feathers 
 close and short, not cold or dry, flesh firm and 
 compact, full-breasted, yet taper and thin behind, 
 full in the girth, well coupled, lofty and spiring, 
 with a good full muscular thigh, the beam of the 
 leg very strong, a quick full eye, strong crooked 
 beak, big at the setting on." Such a one, not 
 more than two years old, should be put to early 
 pullets ; or a blooming stag, or yearling, with two 
 year old hens, and when a cock, with pullets of 
 his own get. Uniformity of colours is generally 
 sought, and the hens selected of similar plumage 
 to that of the cock : the same of shape, which is 
 of greater object in a hen than size ; only she 
 should be lofty -crested, short and close- feathered, 
 with clean, sinewy, blood-like legs. Shropshire 
 and Cheshire have been long famous for their 
 breed of game cocks, and the Shropshire reds are 
 
AUG.] . Monthly Remembrancer. 143 
 
 in particular high estimation. There was for- 
 merly in Staffordshire, a famous breed of cocks of 
 a perfect jet black ,gipsey- faced,, black-legged, and 
 rather elegant than muscular ; lofty in fighting, 
 close in feather, and well shaped. The breed soon 
 degenerated. It is now found indispensable to 
 those who have various sorts, not to hazard a 
 match without a regular private trial, under the 
 management of the intended feeders; and from 
 such fair cocks, by the action of which they may 
 form a satisfactory judgment. 
 
 The folio \v\ngflash song, characteristic of the 
 London blackguard Cocker, was published by 
 Lemoine, about the year 1783. 
 
 A saucy rolling blade am I, 
 
 I keep a Donkee Dick ; 
 Thro' London streets my wares I cry, 
 
 Up peck and booze to pick. 
 
 In Black Boy alley I've a ken, 
 
 A tyke and fighting-cock ; 
 A saucy tip-slang moon-eyed hen, 
 
 Who oft mills Dock at Block. 
 
 I'm known by all the deep ones well, 
 
 About Saltpetre Bank ; 
 And always ready, prigs can tell, 
 
 To gig a Smithfield hank. 
 
 I'll race my Jack, or bait a bull, 
 
 Or fight my doodle-doo ; 
 T\\ flash a quid with any cull, 
 
 And fly 'a pigeon blue. 
 
144 Sportsman's Calendar, fyc. [Auc, 
 
 I'm .up to all your knowing rigs, 
 
 Ye biddies queer and flash ; 
 I'm company for scamps and prigs, 
 
 Sometimes for men of cash. 
 
 My Mott oft tips the knowing dive, 
 When sea-crabs gang the stroll ; 
 
 Unless she did, how could we thrive, 
 And in warm flannel roll ? 
 
 I shew more conscience in my whack 
 
 Than Fox, with all his skill ; 
 While he takes Houses on his back, 
 
 I but my pockets fill. 
 
 Explanation of the flash terms. Peck and booze 
 meat and drink. Ken a house. Tyke a dog. Moon- 
 eyed hen a squinting woman. Mills dock at Block 
 beats hemp. Prigs pick-pockets. Hank a bull, 
 or over-driven ox. Quid a guinea. Fly a blue pigeon 
 steal lead from roofs, Queer and flash biddies 
 thieves and cheats. Scamps highwaymen. Men of 
 cash gamblers. Mott a flash woman. Sea-crabs 
 sailors. To roll in warm flannel to get drunk. Than 
 Fox, with all his skill alluding to a caricature of Fox 
 with the India-House on his back. 
 
SPORTING ENGAGEMENTS. 
 
 8| 
 
 111 
 12 | 
 
 TaT 
 
 14 | 
 
 15 I 
 
 18 | 
 191 
 
 20 | 
 
 21 I 
 
 22 | 
 
 23 j 
 
 24 I 
 
 "85T 
 
 26 | 
 
 27 I 
 23 I 
 
 29 I 
 80 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
2 
 
 SPORTING ENGAGEMENTS. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 "iT" 
 "23" 
 
 24 
 25 
 
 "26" 
 27 
 
 "28" 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
SPORTING ENGAGEMENTS. 
 
 o 
 
 TT 
 "12" 
 
 13 
 14 
 
 "15" 
 
 16 
 17 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 
 23 
 
 "24" 
 
 25 
 
 ~26~ 
 ~27~ 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 ~30~ 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
SPORTING ENGAGEMENTS. 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 "20~ 
 
 21 
 ~22" 
 ~23" 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 J2(T 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 "SIT 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEiMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
SPORTING ENGAGEMENTS. 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 ~ 
 
 8 
 
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 10 
 11 
 
 ~12~ 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 
 19 
 
 ~2CT 
 
 21 
 J2$T 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 ~W 
 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES, 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
SPORTING ENGAGEMENTS. 
 
 10 
 
 IF 
 "12" 
 
 13 
 14 
 
 1? 
 
 25 
 
 "26~ 
 
 27 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
SPORTING ENGAGEMENTS. 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 "T6~ 
 
 17 
 ~18~ 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 23 
 
 27 
 ~W 
 
 29 
 "30" 
 
 31 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
SPORTING ENGAGEMENTS. 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 11 
 
 13 
 "l4~ 
 
 15 
 "16" 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 "23" 
 25 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 "so" 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
SPORTING ENGAGEMENTS. 
 
 9 
 10 
 
 "13" 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 HT 
 
 To" 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 ^2~ 
 
 23 
 
 "24" 
 
 "25" 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
SPORTING ENGAGEMENTS. 
 
 10 I 
 HI 
 
 14 | 
 
 15 | 
 
 191 
 20 I 
 21| 
 
 22 | 
 ~23 
 
 24 | 
 
 25 I 
 
 26 | 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
SPORTING ENGAGEMENTS. 
 
 10 
 
 "IT 
 12 
 
 "Is" 
 
 14 
 "15" 
 
 le" 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 "24~ 
 ~25" 
 ~26~ 
 "27" 
 
 28 
 
 31 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
SPORTING ENGAGEMENTS. 
 
 4| 
 51 
 l 
 71 
 
 10 I 
 111 
 
 12 I 
 
 13 | 
 It I 
 
 15 | 
 
 16 I 
 
 17 I 
 18) 
 
 19 | 
 
 20 | 
 
 21 r 
 
 22 | 
 
 23 I 
 
 24 | 
 
 25 | 
 
 26 | 
 27j 
 
 28 | 
 
 29 | 
 
 30 | 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 MEMORANDUMS. 
 
DATES. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
A TABULAR VIEW 
 
 GAME LAWS. 
 
 Qualification to Sport. A freehold or copyhold 
 estate of 100/. yearly value, in the sportsman's own 
 right, or that of his wife, or leasehold property for life, 
 or ninety-nine years, of 150/. yearly value, (Stat. 22 and 
 33 Char. II. chap. 25), and payment of the certificate 
 duty, (Stat. 9 Anne, chap. 25). 
 
 The penalty for sporting without such qualification 
 is 5l. for each offence : and without certificate, 20/. and 
 the certificate duty. 
 
 But the son and heir-apparent of an esquire, persons 
 of higher degree, lords of manors, owners and keepers 
 of forests, parks, chases, and warrens, and gamekeepers 
 duly appointed, (Stat. 22 and 23 Char. II. chap. 25) ; 
 as also persons merely aiding qualified and certificated 
 persons in killing game for their own use, (Stat. 54 
 Geo. III. chap. 141), require no qualification, but only 
 payment of the certificate duty; from which payment 
 also the last described persons are exempt. 
 
 Certificate Duty. Qualified persons taking or killing 
 
 game (except rabbits by persons in inclosed grounds in 
 
 their own occupation, ami woodcocks, snipes, &c. in 
 
 nets or springs), and gamekeepers not being servants. 
 
 o 
 
146 Game Laws. 
 
 must pay 3/. 13s. 6d. duty ; and gamekeepers, being 
 servants duly registered, I/. 5s. (Stat. 52 Geo. III. 
 chap. 93.) 
 
 Certificated persons, owners and occupiers of lands, 
 collectors, assessors, commissioners of taxes, and game- 
 keepers may demand of sportsmen a view of their 
 certificate, or on non-production thereof, their name 
 and residence. Refusal to comply, or giving a false 
 name or residence, or producing a false certificate, 
 penalty 20/. (Stat. 48 Geo. III. chap. 56.) 
 
 At what Seasons Game may be taken. 
 
 Heath Fowl, called Black Game between the 20th 
 of August and 10th of December, (Stat. 13 Geo. III. 
 chap. 55). 
 
 Grouse, called Red Game between the 12th of 
 August and December the 10th, (ibid). 
 
 Partridges between the 1st of September and 1st 
 February, (2 Geo. III. chap. 9). 
 
 Pheasants between the 1st of Oct. and 1st Feb- 
 ruary, (ibid.) 
 
 Wild Duck y Teal, Widgeon, and other Water Fowl 
 between the 1st of October and 1st June, (Stat. 9 
 Anne, chap. 25). 
 
 Bustards between September 1st and March 1st, 
 (Stat. 13 Geo. III. chap. 55). 
 
 Hares. Qualified persons may take hares at any 
 time of the year, provided it be in day-time. 
 
 And game is not to be pursued or killed between 
 the hours of seven at night and six in the morning, from 
 42th of October to 12th of February ; or between nine 
 
Game Laws. 147 
 
 at night and four in the morning, from 12th of February 
 to 12th of October; or on a Sunday, or Christmas- 
 Day, (Stat. 13 Geo. III. chap. 55), 
 
 Penalties for Killing Game at improper Seasons. 
 
 Heath fowl, grouse, or bustards, for the first offence 
 from 10/. to 20/. for each fowl, and for every subse- 
 quent offence from 20 to SO/. (Stats. 2 Geo. II. chap. 
 19, and 19 Geo. III. chap. 34); wild water-fowl, 55. 
 for each fowl, and forfeiture of bags, nets, or tunnels 
 used in taking them, (Stat. 9 Anne, chap. 25); and to 
 pursue or kill game in the night, or on a Sunday, or 
 Christmas Day, for the first offence from 10/. to 20/ 
 for the second, from 20/. to 30/. and for every subse- 
 quent offence, 50/. (Stat. 13 Geo. III. chap. 80). 
 
 Poaching, or other Unlawful Destruction of Game. 
 
 To enter any forest, park, or open or inclosed ground, 
 between six in the evening and seven in the morning, 
 from the 1st of October to February 1st ; between 
 seven in the evening and five in the morning, from the 
 1st of February to the 1st of April; and between nine 
 in the evening and four in the morning for the rest of 
 the year : armed, and having any net or other instru- 
 ment, with intent to kill game, or wilfully to destroy 
 game, or to aid and assist therein, subjects to trans- 
 portation for seven years, (Stat. 57 Geo. III. chap. 90). 
 To trace hares in the snow, or totakethem in gins, penalty 
 20/. (Stat. 1 James, chap. 27); and to be found using 
 or setting gins, penalty 10s. (Stat. 22 and 23 Char. II, 
 
148 Game Laws. 
 
 chap. 25). And rangers, keepers, &c. may apprehend 
 offenders, and take from them their arms, snares, dogs, 
 &c. as also the game they have unlawfully taken, (Stat. 
 57 Geo. III. chap. 90). 
 
 And justices, lords of manors, and gamekeepers, may 
 seize all guns, dogs, nets, &c. used by unqualified per- 
 sons, as also the game they may have taken, (Stats. 5 
 Anne, chap. 14, and 9 Anne, chap. 25). 
 
 Gamekeepers selling game without the consent of 
 their lords, subject to three months* imprisonment, or 
 forfeiture of 5/. (Stat. 9 Anne, chap. 25). 
 
 Gamekeepers are liable to the same penalties as per- 
 sons unqualified, if they pursue or kill game out of 
 their manors; but not to forfeiture of guns or dogs. 
 
 Buying and Selling Game. 
 
 If any person, whether qualified or unqualified, buys, 
 sells, exposes or offers to sale any game, penalty 5/. 
 (Stats. 5 Anne, chap. 14, and 58 Geo. III. chap. 85). 
 
 Persons buying, selling, or offering to sell game, dis- 
 covering any other person guilty of the like offence, 
 committed within six months, are exempt from the 
 penalty, (Stat. 58 Geo. III. chap. 85). 
 
 Game found in the possession of poulterers, sales- 
 men, fishmongers., cooks, pastry-cooks, penalty 5/. (28 
 Geo. II. chap. 12) ; and of unqualified persons, if not 
 ticketed by a qualified person, or that a good account 
 cannot be given how they came by it, penalty from 5s. 
 to 20s. (Stat. 9 Anne, chap. 25). 
 
THE 
 
 FISHING TABLE. 
 
 o 2 
 
150 
 
 Table for Waters, Angling 
 
 Names : and where found. 
 
 Season, 
 
 Time to Angle. 
 
 BREAM. 
 
 
 
 In rivers : in soft streams, in the 
 
 From May 
 
 3 in the morning until 
 
 deepest and broadest parts near 
 
 till Sept. 
 
 8 ; and from 5 in the 
 
 weeds, where the bottom is 
 
 
 afternoon until dark. 
 
 clay or sand. In ponds : in 
 
 
 
 the quietest and deepest parts. 
 
 
 
 CHUB. 
 
 
 
 In angles and deep holes of rivers, 
 
 From Aug. 
 
 in mild cloudy weather 
 
 where the stream is not quick ; 
 
 till March ; 
 
 will bite all day ; in 
 
 under shade of trees, weeds, or 
 
 best in win- 
 
 hot, from sun-rise 
 
 hollow banks, in a clayey or 
 
 ter months. 
 
 till 9, and from 3 p. 
 
 sandy bottom. 
 
 
 m. till sun-set ; in 
 
 BARBEL. 
 
 
 cold, middle of day. 
 
 Middle of ponds, in rivers daring 
 
 From May 
 
 From sun-rise till 10 
 
 summer, thestrongest currents, 
 
 till August. 
 
 in the morning ; and 
 
 under bridges, near wiers, 
 
 
 from 4 p.m. till sun- 
 
 among piles, hollow places, 
 
 
 set. 
 
 and under mossy weeds. 
 
 
 
 SMELT. 
 
 
 
 In docks, and at the stern oi 
 
 From April 
 
 All the day; best when 
 
 ships, in tide rivers. To fish 
 
 till October. 
 
 the tide runs up. 
 
 at sterns, a paternoster line, 
 
 
 
 with five or six hooks, is to be 
 
 
 
 used. 
 
 
 
 SALMON. 
 
 
 
 Violent streams and large rivers, 
 
 From April 
 
 From 6 till 9 m the 
 
 whilst at feed ; when off their 
 
 till August. 
 
 morning, and from 
 
 prey, the deep and broad parts, 
 
 
 3 p. *m. till sun-set. 
 
 and generally middle of the 
 
 
 
 river, near the ground. 
 
 
 
 GRAYLING. 
 
 
 
 Clay bottom, clear water ; and 
 
 All the year, 
 
 All day in cool cloudy 
 
 swift streams. 
 
 chiefly from 
 
 weather. 
 
 GUDGEON. 
 
 Sept. to Jan 
 
 
 Gravelly, sandy ground, and gen- 
 
 From May 
 
 All day 
 
 tle streams. 
 
 till October 
 
 
Seasons, Depths, and Baits. 
 
 151 
 
 Depth from Ground. 
 
 
 BAITS. 
 
 Touch the ground 
 
 Worms. 
 
 Flies. 
 
 Pastes. 
 
 Fishes, 8fc. 
 
 2,3,7.... 
 
 <2. under 
 water. 
 
 1,2 
 
 8. in June 
 or July. 
 
 In fishing with float in warm 
 weather, at mid-water : 
 in cool, lower ; and in 
 cold, at the ground. 
 
 1,2,4,5,6. 
 2,7,9. ... 
 
 1,2,3,4,5. 
 
 1,2 
 
 7,8,9. 
 
 The baits to sink two or 
 three yards. 
 
 1,2,6,9.. 
 
 
 
 5. cut in 
 pieces. 
 10. small 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and 
 
 
 
 
 
 unboiled. 
 
 Touch ground with lob- 
 worm ; smaller worms 
 bobs, and cad-bait, at top 
 of the water. 
 
 Cold weather, at bottom 
 in hot weather, top or 
 mid- water. 
 
 7 
 
 1,2,3,4,5. 
 6,8,9. 
 
 2.9 . . 
 
 Large anc 
 the more 
 gaudy the 
 better. 
 
 1,2,3,4,5, 
 6,7. 
 
 
 1. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
152 
 
 Table for Waters, Angling 
 
 Names : and where found. 
 
 Season. 
 
 Time to Single. 
 
 BLEAK. 
 
 Sandy bottom, deep rivers ; 
 the sides and tails of streams, 
 where the water eddies and 
 turns gently back ; ships' sterns. 
 
 DACE. 
 
 Sandy bottom, deep rivers ; holes 
 
 well shaded in summer; shal- 
 
 low near fords, under banks, 
 
 and among weeds. 
 
 ROACH. 
 
 Deep gentle running waters; holes 
 
 that are well shaded, having 
 
 fine gravel or sandy bottom ; 
 
 ships' sterns ; bridges. 
 
 PERCH. 
 
 In rivers ; gentle streams, not 
 
 over deep, where there are 
 
 weeds, hollow banks, and at 
 
 gravelly bottoms. In ponds ; 
 
 deep holes, near weeds or 
 
 stumps of trees. 
 
 POPE. 
 
 Deep still water 
 
 CARP. 
 
 Still, deep, muddy bottom, pond 
 or river. 
 
 TENCH. 
 River or pond, among weeds, 
 muddy bottom. 
 
 TROUT. 
 
 Swift clean rivers, over pebbles, 
 stony bottoms. 
 
 PIKE. 
 
 Sandy or clay bottoms, under 
 bull-rushes, weeds, water- 
 docks, or bushes. 
 EEL. Among weeds, roots and 
 holes in banks & stones at bot- 
 tom; about bridges,wiers,mills. 
 
 at All 
 
 the year 
 but May, 
 when they 
 are spawn- 
 ing. 
 
 From April 
 to Feb. best 
 in winter. 
 
 From July 
 till March ; 
 best in Feb, 
 
 From April 
 till January. 
 
 All day . 
 
 All day. 
 
 In mild cloudy weather, 
 all day ; in hot, 
 morn and eve ; in 
 cold, the mid. of day. 
 
 Sun-rise till 10 ; from 
 2 till sun-set: if 
 weather be cloudy, 
 with ruffling south 
 wind, will bite all 
 day. 
 
 May to Oct. 
 Mar. to Aug 
 
 All day. 
 
 From Sept. 
 till June. 
 
 VI ar. to Mi- 
 chaelmas. 
 
 From May 
 till Feb. 
 
 From May 
 till Sept. 
 
 Early and late as pos- 
 sible. 
 
 Early and late as pos- 
 sible. 
 
 All day. 
 
 With a gentle gale, all 
 day. 
 
 All day, when the wa- 
 ter is thick by rains. 
 
Seasons, Depths, and Baits, continued. 
 
 153 
 
 Depth from Ground. 
 
 BAITS. 
 
 
 Worms. 
 
 Flies. 
 
 Pastes. \Fishes, &c. 
 
 A little deeper than mid- 
 
 2.6.9. .. 
 
 1,2,7. .. 
 
 1 
 
 
 water. 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 inches from bottom, or at 
 
 1,2,3,6,9. 
 
 1,2,3,4,5, 
 
 5,6 
 
 
 top of the water. 
 
 
 6,7. 
 
 
 
 i inch from bottoai 
 
 1,2,3,4,5, 
 
 1,2,4,5,7. 
 
 1,5,6.... 
 
 8. 
 
 
 6,9. 
 
 Under 
 
 
 
 
 
 water. 
 
 
 
 Mid-water, or 6 inches from 
 
 1,2,6*8,9, 
 
 
 
 1,6. 
 
 bottom. 
 
 >*>">* >" 
 
 
 
 }Y , 
 
 
 29. . 
 
 
 
 
 3 inch from bottom ; mid- 
 
 1,2,3,4,8. 
 
 
 3,5,6.... 
 
 
 water in hot weather. 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 inches from bottom ; a- 
 
 1,2,4,9 . . 
 
 
 2,5 . . 
 
 
 mong weeds 2 ft. deep ; 
 
 
 
 
 
 mid-wat. in hot weather. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cold weather, 6 inch, to 9 
 
 1,3,5,6,7, 
 
 1,2,3,4,5 
 
 
 1,8,9. 
 
 from bottom ; in hot, top 
 
 8,9. 
 
 6,7. 
 
 
 
 to mid-water. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mid-water if with a float 
 
 
 
 
 1 2346. 
 
 and single snap-hook. 
 
 
 
 
 * > "v*! *> * 
 
 
 4.7 . . 
 
 
 
 1,2. 
 
 
 
 
 
REFERENCES TO THE PRECEDING TABLE. 
 
 Descriptions of Bobs and Worms. 
 
 1 . Earth Bob : found in sandy or light ground after the plough ; 
 the rooks will direct where this grub is to be met with by their close 
 attendance on the plough ; is white, bigger than a gentle, with a 
 red head. Another is found in heathy ground, with a black or blue 
 head. Either of these are to be got by digging one spit deep in the 
 above-mentioned soils, where they have long remained unploughed. 
 Keep them in an earthen vessel, well covered, with a sufficient quan- 
 tity of the mould they harbour in, with dryish moss at top, and let 
 them be in a warm place ; are excellent from the beginning of No- 
 vember to the middle of April. 
 
 2. Gentles : to be had from putrid flesh ; let them be put into 
 wheat bran two or three days before used. 
 
 3. Flag- Worms : found amongst roots of flags, is a pale yellow, 
 longer and thinner than a gentle ; must be kept like the cad-bait. 
 
 4. Wasp Grubs or Wasp Maggots : found in the cakes or cells 
 as taken in the nest ; before using, put them into an oven after 
 the bread is drawn, or dry them on .a tile before the fire, just to 
 harden and make them tough. 
 
 5. Cow-dung Bob} or Clap-Bait : found under a cow-drop from 
 May to Michaelmas, is larger, but like a gentle ; to be preserved in 
 its native earth, as number 1 . 
 
 6. Cadis Worm, or Cad-Bait : found under loose stones, in 
 shallow rivers or brooks, are covered with husks of sticks, straw, 
 rushes, and stones ; they are yellow, bigger than a gentle, with a 
 black or blue head. Keep them in flannel or linen bags, and dip 
 them, bag and all, into water once a day, for five or six days, they 
 will then become tough, and fitter for angling than when first taken 
 from the water. 
 
 7. Lob, or Dew-Worm : found in gardens, is very large, having 
 a red head, a streak down the back, and a broad flat tail ; those with 
 a knot are fit only for eels, 
 
8. Marsh-Worm : found in marshy ground, are of a blueish 
 colour, and require more scouring in moss than most other worms ; 
 are a good bait from March to Michaelmas. 
 
 9. Brandling y Red, or Blood- Worm, : found in rotten dunghills 
 and tanner's bark that has been used. The red worm found at the 
 root of a great dock, and which lies wrapt up in a round clue, is a 
 particular bait for bream. The common red worm is very good for 
 all small fish. 
 
 Flies : where found. 
 
 1. Stone Fly : under hollow stones at the sides of rivers, is of a 
 brown colour, with yellow streaks on the back and belly, has large 
 wings. In season from April to July. 
 
 2 . Green Drake : among stones by rivers' sides, has a yellow 
 body ribbed with green, is long and slender, his wings like a butter- 
 fly's, his tail turns on his back. Very good from May to Midsummer. 
 
 3. Oak-Fly : upon the body of an old oak or ash tree, with its 
 head downwards, is of a brown colour. From May to September. 
 Excellent for trout in clear water, putting a cad-bait on the point 
 of the hook, and letting it sink a few inches, and gradually raising it. 
 
 4. Palmer-Fly , or Fform : upon the leaves of plants, is com- 
 monly called a caterpillar ; when it turns to a fly, very good for 
 trout. 
 
 5. Ant-Fly : in ant-hills. From June to September. A hand- 
 ful of the earth, with as much of the grass that grows on their hil- 
 locks, put into a glass bottle with the ant-flies, will keep them alive, 
 
 6. May-Fly : playing at the river side, especially before rain. 
 
 7. Black Fly : upon every hawthorn bush after the buds appear. 
 Mem. Artificial Flies may be procured at the shops where fishing 
 
 tackle is sold. Worms of various sorts, and other baits, are also 
 generally kept in the season ready prepared for use. 
 
 Pastes : how to be made. 
 
 1. Red Paste : the crumb of fine new white bread (without be- 
 ing made wet) worked up in the hand, and coloured with vermillion 
 as near as possible to that of the salmon's roe. 
 
1 2. -Brown Paste: the crumb of brown bread, mixed with honey, 
 worked up in the same manner. 
 
 3. Blood of a sheep's heart mixed with honey and flour, and 
 worked to a proper consistency. 
 
 4. Old cheese grated, butter sufficient to work it, and coloured 
 with saffron ; if in winter, use the fat of racy bacon instead of butter. 
 
 5. Crumbs of bread worked with honey or sugar, and moistened 
 with gum -ivy water. 
 
 6. Bread chewed, and worked in the band until stiff. 
 
 1. Minnow. 
 
 2. Gudgeon. 
 
 3. Roach. 
 
 4. Dace. 
 
 Fish and Insects. 
 
 5. Smelt. 
 
 6. Yellow Frog. 
 
 7. Snail-slit. 
 
 8. Grasshoppi 
 
 9. Beetle. 
 10. Shrimp. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 TREATMENT OF ANIMALS. 
 
 THE merciful treatment of all brute animals, 
 as a moral duty, ought to be an essential part of 
 the education of children ; and not in the loose 
 and general way in which it has hitherto been 
 inculcated, but in the most particular and cir- 
 cumstantial lessons, that no improper acts may 
 be overlooked, or sanctioned by heedless and un- 
 reflecting custom. The truth that, brute beasts 
 were sent for the use of man, is constantly giving 
 rise to the grossest misconceptions, the generality 
 of mankind thence not conceiving the/nselves 
 bound by the rules of justice or mercy towards 
 the lower animal creation, but invariably treating 
 them as interest, or the pleasurable gratification of 
 the moment may dictate. The slightest reflection 
 of a rational mind must yet bring full conviction 
 of the error and immorality of such a principle. 
 Wherein is life and feeling, there must necessarily 
 exist the right to justice and claim of mercy. Beasts 
 
158 Appendix. 
 
 were doubtless intended by nature for the use and 
 purposes of man but not for abuse and torture, to 
 which his right by nature neither does, nor 
 possibly can extend : thence such abuse is a crime 
 for which man must be responsible. To come to 
 the practical lesson : it is lawful it is unavoid- 
 able for man to kill the animals beneath him, and 
 intrusted to his care, whether for food, or for any 
 other proper purpose ; and it is his duty to per- 
 form the operation, with the least possible tres- 
 pass upon the feelings of the victim. The pur- 
 suit of wild animals as a sport, is both customary 
 and lawful, but the animal's pursued should have 
 fair play, that is to say, no unnecessarily pro- 
 tracted sufferings, no torturing inflictions should 
 be used ; which, if they can occasion gratifica- 
 tion in a human breast, such must be of an 
 unnatural, cowardly, base, and grovelling kind. 
 The noble hunting horse should be a sharer in 
 the pleasures of the field, not the sad and sobbing 
 victim of hard-hearted and head-strong excess ; 
 the competition with his master is too great an 
 honour for him, when he is the nobler brute of 
 the two. He who labours a horse or any animal 
 beyond his powers, or on any pretence stints 
 him of tne tood necessary to support his labour 
 and preserve his health, commits a great crime 
 and a gross cheat. All baiting of animals at the 
 stake, is detestable, shameful, unmanly, and the dc- 
 
Appendix. 159 
 
 light in such may be fairly classed with unnatural 
 propensities ; nothing indeed can wipe out such a 
 stain from the character of society, but staking 
 down and baiting the hardened and incorrigible 
 perpetrators with their own bull-dogs. A fellow- 
 feeling might teach mercy, when all instructions 
 fail. Wounded game should be instantly put 
 out of their sufferings, which may be performed 
 by a smart stroke on the back part of the head, 
 against the butt end of the gun. Eels and carp, 
 it is said, may be killed, at least deprived of all 
 sense of feeling, by being punctured through the 
 brain ; as to eels, skinning them is needless tor- 
 ture, since their skin is a good eatable gelatinous 
 substance. The Cat is an everlasting subject of 
 gross cruelty, most particularly in being turned 
 out to starve. Too many of them are bred. The 
 easiest mode to kill a cat, in the house, is, to bind 
 a cloth upon the head, around the neck, and strik- 
 ing it on the back of the head, to immerse its 
 head first, in a pail of water, holding it down 
 with an old broom, shovel, &c. Tying it up in 
 a strong bag, still more easy and safe. Small 
 dogs may be killed in the same way. 
 
 All remedies, even the most powerful and 
 rational, for canine madness, have hitherto failed 
 in turn ; it is thence a miserable delusion to re- 
 commend or put faith in those of inferior or 
 equivocal efficacy, notwithstanding the most ge- 
 
1 6*0 Appendix. 
 
 neral warranty of their success. Let it never be 
 forgotten, that the celebrated Dr. Mead pretended 
 liver-wort to be an infallible remedy in this hor- 
 rible case, on the experience of thirty-years ! 
 The famous Ormskirk medicine has no more re- 
 lation to the cure of this disease, or power to 
 effect it, than powder of post ; and the venders of 
 such deceptive quackery merit general reprehen- 
 sion. Immersion in water, salt or<fresh, is per- 
 haps of no consequence in the case. Caustics and 
 exsection of the bitten parts have failed. Bleed- 
 ing to the utmost limit, failed last year, and often 
 before. Lately, some flattering accounts of cures of 
 this dreadful malady, by the use of the herb-water 
 plantain, have been imported from Russia, in the 
 apprehension of the present writer, little deserving 
 of attention. The last proposed remedy is the 
 dropping of vitriolic acid into the wounds, which 
 is merely a repetition of the old remedy by caus- 
 tic. The only resource in this sad case, is in the 
 judgment of the ablest medical men. 
 
 Worming the dog, with a view of preventing 
 madness, or biting, is one of the thousand fooleries 
 derived from antiquity ; and the instances are 
 numerous, of wormed dogs biting in their rabid 
 state. The skinny substance called a worm, is 
 merely a portion of the franum, or bridle of 
 the tongue, sometimes clipped, in infants, by the 
 of the nurse. No dependence should be 
 
Appendix. 16*1 
 
 placed on such a piece of vulgar trickery, the 
 only consequence of which is, a needless infliction 
 on the feelings of animals. 
 
 In the constitutional malady, commonly called 
 Distemper in dogs, the patient should be supplied 
 with warm rnilk and water, gruel, broth or whey ; 
 fresh air, at the same time, with a warm and dry 
 bed ; the weather being cold, with the indulgence 
 of lying to*enjoy himself occasionally by the fire- 
 side. From two to three grains of calomel, lapped 
 by the animal in milk, or wrapped in bread and 
 butter, continued for four or five days, with in- 
 termissions, if necessary, will generally be all that 
 is wanted of medicine. If he refuse food, his pa- 
 late should be tempted. The symptomatic fever 
 running high, from eight to sixteen grains of an- 
 timonial powder, may be given in balls, the size 
 of a hazle-nut, the balls to be composed of treacle 
 or honey and flour, and slightly rubbed over with 
 fresh butter or lard. A table-spoonful or two of 
 castor-oil also is beneficial ; or a tea-spoonful of 
 rhubarb, given with the calomel ; or Ittainc's 
 Distemper remedy, with directions. 
 
 To recover the dog's strength on convalescence 
 light flesh meat ; rich broths of beef or neat's 
 feet, or milk broth with flour or rice ; balls of 
 beef slack boiled and beat in a mortar ; beer cor- 
 dial, with ginger, moderately sweetened. As to 
 medicines in this intention bark in port wine, 
 p 2 
 
162 Appendix. 
 
 or sound beer, is perhaps the most efficacious. The 
 nose and eyes should be wiped with a soft cloth, 
 and kept clean, and a clean, dry bed allowed. Eating 
 grass and lapping fine running water, is materially 
 instrumental to recovery. To preserve house- 
 dogs and cats in health and condition, regular 
 feeding and flesh meat, at least, once a day is 
 necessary, with dry and comfortable lodging. 
 For the house dog, to keep him in health, exercise 
 abroad is indispensable, and access to dog-grass 
 extremely beneficial. For high-fed dogs, par- 
 ticularly if without exercise, medicine every two 
 or three months is absolutely necessary, to preserve 
 their health, and may be preventive of the dread- 
 ful rabid disease. Calomel and sulphur are the 
 proper medicines. Animals will become accus- 
 tomed to sulphurated water, and drink it freely. 
 The cat ought never to be expected to subsist on 
 vermin, which, as food, is destructive to its health, 
 A good cat is a true hunter, and catches her prey 
 for pleasure, Yard dogs have become rabid from 
 fullness of blood, in consequence of long close 
 confinement ; such should not only have occa- 
 sional medicine, but be allowed occasional exer- 
 cise. The best purge for a dog is succotrine, or 
 fine aloes ; half a dram for a small dog, to nearly 
 a dram ; for a full-sized hound, two or three 
 drams. Envelope or inclose the powder in a 
 ball of flour and lard or butter. In order to ad- 
 
Appendix. 163 
 
 minister medicine to a dog, he must be placed 
 upright on his hinder legs, between the knees of 
 a seated person, the dog's back towards him. 
 Apply a napkin round the dog's shoulders, bring- 
 ing it forward over the fore legs. The mouth 
 being forced open by the pressure of the fore- 
 finger and thumb upon the lips of the upper jaw, 
 the medicine may be introduced with the other 
 hand, and passed sufficiently far into the throat. 
 The mouth must then be closed, and kept so, un- 
 til the medicine is seen to pass down. With 
 large and strong dogs, sufficient assistance will 
 in course be necessary, and the mouth may be held 
 open by a piece of strong tape, applied behind 
 the holders or fangs of each jaw. The ball or 
 bolus should be passed completely over the root 
 of the tongue, and dexterously pushed some way 
 backwards and downwards. In giving liquids, 
 the quantity being too large for one swallow, it 
 must be given at intervals, being removed from 
 the mouth, and the dog's head eased at each de- 
 glutition, or he may be strangled. The head 
 should be completely secured and a small degree 
 elevated. 
 
 Either want of food or the excess of it, may 
 produce the Mange. The best food for the dog 
 and cat, consists of both animal and vegetable 
 diet ; of the latter, oatmeal and potatoes are the 
 most useful. Mercurial unction is most efficacious 
 
164 Appendix. 
 
 in the mange, care being taken to keep the 
 animal from wet and cold, and excess being 
 avoided in the quantity used, that he may not 
 be too strongly affected. He should be prevented 
 from licking himself, by the muzzel. In a slight 
 case, ointment of sulphur and lard will succeed. 
 Or the following will be found sufficient in most 
 cases Take roll brimstone powdered four ounces, 
 powdered foxglove two ounces, sal ammoniac 
 powdered half an ounce, Barbadoes aloes one 
 dram, turpentine half an ounce, lard six or eight 
 ounces, mixt. 
 
 To dress a dog. This, to perform it effi- 
 caciously, requires at least two hours. The coat 
 should be parted almost hair by hair, and a small 
 quantity of ointment rubbed actually on the skin, 
 by the end of the finger, between the parted hairs. 
 It is of no use merely to grease the dog's coat. 
 The finish is neatly to smooth down the hair. 
 After three or four dressings, wash the dog in 
 warm soap and water, and anoint again, until the 
 eruptions are dead. The dog should be muzzled 
 during the operation. This is Mr. Blaine's prac- 
 tice. The same ointment may be applied to 
 eruptions or canker in the ear : one third part 
 water may be sometimes necessary, or rather 
 perhaps an additional quantity of lard, and care 
 should be taken to guard the dog's eyes. Care is 
 also necessary in the persons operating, to prevent 
 
Appendix. 165 
 
 the pungent and disgusting effluvia from the 
 mange affecting their olfactory nerves, by the use 
 of a scented handkerchief held to the nostrils. 
 
 Fits in young dogs, require similar treatment 
 as in the distemper. Sometimes cold water thrown 
 upon them, will recover them and be beneficial. 
 They should then be rubbed and kept dry. If 
 the cause be want of exercise with high keep, 
 bleeding and evacuants. A certain cure for dog 
 or cat subject to frequent convulsions shoot 
 them. For worms give aloes and calomel. Two 
 or three days after, commence a course of worm 
 medicine as follows finest tin filings two drams, 
 cowhage half a dram, calomel fourteen grains : 
 make four, six, or eight balls, according to the 
 size or constitution of the dog, giving one every 
 morning for a fortnight, with occasional omissions 
 if necessary, the patient in the mean time, being 
 lodged warm and comfortable, and kept on a 
 sufficiency of wholesome food. In some cases, 
 one or two large spoonfuls of linseed oil, with a 
 tea -spoonful of oil of turpentine, given every 
 morning fasting for a week, will eradicate the 
 worms. This medicine in proper quantities, has 
 also succeeded with the human patient. 
 
 The best general application for wounds, is 
 Friar's balsam, which any apothecary can make 
 up. The common defect of the balsam is healing 
 or hardening the surface of the wound too 
 
166 Appendix. 
 
 which the apothecary can possibly rectify. Brandy 
 with a few drops of laudanum, is a good healer, 
 or tincture of myrrh-aloes. Extract thorns and 
 splinters immediately and carefully, and keep 
 wounds clean. Poultice or black pitch plaister the 
 best remedy to extract thorns. Swelled teats rub 
 with pomade of goose grease and camphorated 
 spirit or brandy, two or three times a day. 
 For sore feet, not brine, sometimes used, but, 
 butter milk, greasy pot-liquor or water gruel. To 
 harden the feet, brine and vinegar. The dog to 
 be strictly kept in, until the feet are recovered, 
 or they may be wrapped up. Cropping should 
 never be performed by the barbarous and silly 
 mode of whirling the animal round by the ears, in 
 order to tear and twist them olf; but they should 
 be cut off, if necessary, never at all else, with a 
 sharp pair of scissars, in the fourth or fifth week 
 of the puppy's age. The bitch should not lick 
 them, if to be prevented. Cropping is yet a 
 remedy for inveterate scab in the ears. Fleas 
 continue to kill them, one by one, till the last is 
 dead. Lather the dog's coat thoroughly, with the 
 strongest soap, adding pearl-ash, if necessary. 
 Wash clean. Perform this operation as often as 
 necessary. Prob. est ! 
 
 The best remedy for the almost constant 
 costiveness of dogs, is the allowance of boiled greens, 
 carrots or parsnips. Sheeps' heads and sheeps* 
 
Appendix. 167 
 
 trotters, boiled to soup, with oatmeal or pollard, 
 form the most nourishing food for dogs; in 
 feeding of which, or of any other animals, constant 
 care should be taken, that the weak be not driven 
 from their meal by the strong. 
 
 It is a thoughtless and abominable practice, to 
 turn out and abandon a poor dog, or cat, to starve 
 by inches and prey upon the public, the animal 
 thereby incurring the most cruel inflictions. With 
 respect to Madness, a certain person boasted that, 
 " he had sufficient firmness to resist the popular, 
 cry, and to save his dog, which had bitten two chil- 
 dren." Such firmness, however, might too soon 
 acquire the name of an antisocial and unpardon- 
 able temerity, with the addition of bitter repen- 
 tance. Favouritism ought never for a moment to 
 stand in competition with human safety ; not to 
 say merely in matter of life and death, but at the 
 risk of the most horrible of all deaths ! This re- 
 mark will be understood to apply to those who 
 madly run the risk and suffer their dog, suspected 
 however, to be at large; but in another view, it 
 may be of the greatest consequence, to preserve 
 the life of a suspected dog, by which animals or 
 persons have been bitten, for satisfaction, and as a 
 guide to the medical attendants, although by no 
 means an infallible one. Such dog should be 
 placed in the safe custody of proper persons, and 
 when no longer wanted, be put out of life, since the 
 
1 6$ Appendix. 
 
 risk is certainly too great, and not at all consonant 
 with public justice, to preserve any animal which 
 has once shewn rabid symptoms. The bodies of 
 the Mad Dogs destroyed, should be dissected by 
 Veterinary Anatomists, in order to leave no mode 
 untried of attaining every possible addition to our 
 stock of knowledge of the Disease. The Beadle, 
 or Reward of the Parish should have a satisfactory 
 extra allowance, to encourage him to a strict per- 
 formance of the duties of this business ; and if, in 
 large towns, men were to be found, who would, for 
 a small fee, deprive animals of life, in a skilful and 
 easy manner, it would be a great convenience to 
 those, who finding their dogs and cats burden- 
 some, can devise no better remedy than to dis- 
 charge that burden upon the public. When in- 
 fluenzal Weather has lasted for any length of time, 
 affecting human patients with Catarrhal Fever, 
 Sore Throat, Opthalmia, and other usual concomi- 
 tants, but more especially, if such a state of the 
 atmosphere should occur in two or three succes- 
 sive, or nearly successive seasons, Madness and 
 Epizootics in Dogs and Cats, Horses, and other 
 cattle, may be expected, on the almost invariable 
 experience of former times. 
 
INDEX, 
 
 ARTICLES necessary in the 
 
 Cart, dog, 37. 
 
 Field, 15. 
 
 Corn Crake, 48. 
 
 Aim, ib. 
 
 Coots, Curlicus, 53. 
 
 Age of the Dog, 27. 
 
 Coursing the Hare, 77. 
 
 Angling, various, 106. 
 
 Cats, Marten, Polecat, 9 1 . 
 
 Arabian, the Godolphin, 125. 
 
 Cat, domestic, 159, 162; 
 
 
 how to kill, 1 59 
 
 T^-I.../ :u* 
 
 Chafin, Rev. William, 97. 
 
 
 Accidents, fatal, at Races, 
 
 Chase, steeple, 98. 
 
 139 ; Oxford plan to pre- 
 
 Char-fish, 114. 
 
 vent, ib. 
 
 Childers, flying, 122. 
 
 Appendix, 157. 
 
 Chifney, Samuel, 136. 
 
 Animals, proper treatment 
 
 Cure, certain, for Convul- 
 
 of, 157 ; baiting, 158". 
 
 sions, 165. 
 
 Barnard, Sir Thomas, 40. 
 
 Dress, shooting, 14, 54 ; 
 
 Bustard, 49. 
 
 Fishing, 101. 
 
 Bittern, 52. 
 
 Dogs, shooting, 20 ; Pointer, 
 
 Badger, 91. 
 
 Spaniel, 91 ; Newfound- 
 
 Bonny Black, 122. 
 
 land, 22, 62 ; branded, 
 
 Barb, Curwen Bay, 125. 
 
 69 ; ears, ib. 
 
 Bunbury, Sir Thomas Chas. 
 
 breeding, 2.6 ; food, 
 
 137. 
 
 66 ; worming, 160 ; dis- 
 
 Blaine, Mr. 161 ; his remedy 
 
 temper, 161 ; to dress or 
 
 in distemper, 164. 
 
 anoint, 164 ; fits, 165 ; 
 
 
 'cropping, 166; costive- 
 
 Coleraine, Lord, 9. 
 
 ness, ib. 
 
 Chargers, steel and horn, 10. 
 
 breaking, 29 ; the 
 
 Cleaning the Gun, 1 1. 
 
 Pointer, 30. 
 
 the Lock, 12. 
 
 Hunting, the Grey- 
 
 Collars, clogs, &c. 32. 
 
 hound, 75. 
 
 Q 
 
 
170 
 
 Index. 
 
 Dogs and Cats turned out, 
 167. 
 
 Dobson, Mr. 32. 
 
 Dotterel!, 52. 
 
 Duck and Mallard, 53. 
 
 Dunbirds, 53. 
 
 Deer, varieties and denomi- 
 nations, 94. 
 
 Easterling, 53. 
 Earth-digging, 89. 
 Eclipse, 122. 
 
 Eels and Carp, to kill, 159. 
 Ear-canker, 164. 
 
 Flints, 6. 
 
 Field, the shooting, 35. 
 
 Fox, 81 ; death of, 90. 
 
 Fishery, fresh water species 
 and varieties of fishes, 
 100; tackle, 101 ; book, 
 103; season baits, 104; 
 cruelty of living baits, 106; 
 surface fishery, ib. ; trol- 
 ling, 107 ; shooting fish, 
 109 ; ledger baits tick- 
 ling, 110 ; general fishing 
 table, 150, 153. 
 
 Fighting Cock, 141 ; breed- 
 ing, feeding, do. ; Sketch- 
 ly's Treatise on do. ; Mou- 
 bray on Poultry ; descrip- 
 tion of the Cock, 142 ; 
 
 - colours, varieties. 
 
 Feet of the Dog, sore, 166. 
 
 Fleas, to kill, ib. 
 
 Food for Dogs and Cats, 1 63. 
 
 Gun, the, 3 to 5 ; use of, 15; 
 
 shore, 54 ; double-barrel, 
 
 19. 
 Guagc of the barrel, 10. 
 
 Grouse and Moor Game de- 
 scribed, 42. 
 Godwit, 52. 
 Geese, wild, 53. 
 Game, wounded, 159. 
 
 Hen, water, 52. 
 
 Moor and Dab Chick, 
 
 5-2. 
 
 Hound and varieties, 56. 
 
 Hunting and Coursing, 56 ; 
 Hare, 75 ; change of Hunt, 
 89 ; Otter, 90 ; Vermin, 
 91. 
 
 Fox, 8*1 ; Deer, 94. 
 
 Hounds, pack of, 59 ; Har- 
 riers, 78 ; Fox, 83. 
 
 Horses, poor, for slaughter, 
 67. 
 
 Hunting Horse, 71, 158. 
 
 Horse, running, 116; fo- 
 reign blood, appellations, 
 117 ; true form, 118 ; 
 qualities, experiment, 1 1 9, 
 120; paces, 122; inter- 
 nal qualities, ib. ; pedi- 
 gree, 123; breeding-stud, 
 124 ; crossing stallion 
 and mare, 126 ; gestation, 
 period of, 127 ; stud book, 
 care after foaling, inspec- 
 tion, neglect of stallions, 
 c. to 130 ; foal bred up 
 by hand, 132 ; breaking 
 the colt, ib. ; training, 
 133; farther improvement 
 in training, 135; per- 
 formances of Race Horses, 
 137. 
 
 History of, and De- 
 lineation of the Race 
 Horse, ib. 
 
 trotting, 138. 
 
Index. 
 
 171 
 
 Hare, 70 ; hunting, 77, 79. 
 
 Pocket, hare, 15. 
 
 Huntsman, 83. 
 
 Poney, shooting, 15. 
 
 Halloos, 87. 
 
 Phrases, field, 23. 
 
 Hawking, 98. 
 
 Pointer, ill-bred, 34 
 
 
 Partridge described, 3 .6 
 
 Instruction, mode of, 3. 
 
 Pheasant described, 40 
 
 Improvement in breeding 
 
 Pigeons, 48. 
 
 Dogs, 28. 
 
 Plover, 52. 
 
 
 Pewit or Lapwing, ib. 
 
 Knot, 52. 
 
 Ponds, decoy, 55. 
 
 Kennel, 62 ; management, 
 
 Pike, the, 112. 
 
 duties, &c. 65. 
 
 Play, fair, towards animals, 
 
 Kildare, Curragh of, 11C. 
 
 158; specimen of it to- 
 
 
 wards those who torture 
 
 Landrail, 3. 
 
 animals, 159. 
 
 Lock of the gun, 5 ; and 
 
 
 triggers, 19. 
 
 Quail, or Dwarf Partridge, 
 
 Loading the gun, 10. 
 
 47. 
 
 Laws, game, 37, 145, 148 ; 
 
 
 of the leash, 77 ; of fox- 
 
 Ramrod, 6. 
 
 hunting, 87. 
 
 Recoil of the gun, 9. 
 
 Larks and Starlings, 48. 
 
 Ribs, elevation of the gun- 
 
 
 barrel, 9. 
 
 Merkin, a hound bitch, her 
 
 Robins, &c. 15. 
 
 performance and price, 60. 
 
 Rating or scolding, 33. 
 
 Mange or surfeit in dogs, 69. 
 
 Redwing, 44. 
 
 Madness, canine, 3 59 ; Orms- 
 
 Rail, land and water, 48. 
 
 kirk and other quack re- 
 
 Rooks, 48. 
 
 medies, 160; regulations 
 
 Redshank or Pool-snipe, 52. 
 
 necessary, 167- 
 
 Ruff and Reeve, 52. 
 
 Mead, Doctor,) lf>0. 
 
 Rabbit, 80. 
 
 Mange, the, 163. 
 
 
 
 Stock of the gun, 6. 
 
 Number, terms of, applied 
 
 Shotbelt, 12. 
 
 to Dogs and Game, 34. 
 
 Shot, 6. 
 
 Names, 69. 
 
 Shooting, Partridge, 17 ; fen, 
 
 Newmarket, 116. 
 
 52 ; wild fowl, 53 ; by 
 
 
 ear, 54. 
 
 Otter, the, 90. 
 
 Shooter, position of, 18. 
 
 
 Scent 22. 
 
 Powder and shot, 6, 
 
 Spaniel, water, 54 . 
 
 flask, 12. 
 
 Summer vacation, C$. 
 
Index. 
 
 Sportsman, conduct in the 
 field, seat on horseback, 
 place, 86'. 
 
 Stoat Squirrel, 91. 
 
 Salmon, 112; Samlet, &c. ib. 
 
 Shark, the Race Horse, 123. 
 
 Stallion, the, 126. 
 
 Song, flash, by Lemoine, 
 with explanations, 143. 
 
 Trial of the gun, 8. 
 Travelling gun-box, 12. 
 Terms of number, 28, 
 TaiJ of the puppy, 27. 
 Teal, 53. 
 
 Thornton, Colonel, 59. 
 Trail scent, 70. 
 Topham, Major, 76. 
 Trout, 112 ; Ford itch do. 
 
 114. 
 Turf, the, or Horse racing, 
 
 116. 
 
 Turk, the Byerk-y, 125. 
 Treatise, philosophical and 
 practical, on Horses, 125. 
 Transactions, racing, 139. 
 Teats, swelled, 166. 
 Thorns, to extract, ib. 
 
 Wadding, 8. 
 
 Woodcock and Snipe de- 
 scribed, 44. 
 
 Wheat ear, 49. 
 
 Widgeon, 53. 
 
 'Ware sheep ! horse, c. 
 cautions to the Dog, 70, 
 79. 
 
 Warren, hare, 80. 
 
 Whippers-in, 84. 
 
 Weatherby, Mess, 139. 
 
 Worms, 165. 
 
 Wounds, 165. 
 
 W. WILSON, Printer, 4, Greville-Street, London. 
 
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VA 01216 
 
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