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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 GIF^T OK 
 
 Received 
 Accession No. 
 
 ' 8( >?' 
 Clots No. 
 
 N 
 
This is one of an edition of one 
 thousand copies printed from type 
 on Van Gelder hand-made paper for 
 the Battle Monument Association 
 in the month of December, 1898. 
 
fiistory 
 
 of 
 
 Che Battle JMonumcnt 
 
 at 
 
 Cdest point 
 
 
Ristory 
 
 of 
 
 Cbe Battle JMonument 
 Slest point 
 
 together with a list of the names of those inscribed 
 
 upon and commemorated by it and of the 
 
 original subscribers thereto 
 
 prepared by 
 
 Charles CCL Lamed 
 
 professor, d. 8. JVIilitary Hcademy 
 
 Secretary of the Building Committee 
 
 ^ n ^ ^ ^' 
 
 Co which is added a description of the quarrying, working 
 transportation and erection of the shaft, by 
 
 Gdward f% JMiner 
 
 Cdest point, New \ork 
 
 1898 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 i 
 
 History of the Battle Monument . . , 
 
 Dedication of Site on Trophy Point . . . % 19 
 
 Prayers . . . . . . . 23 
 
 Oration by General George B. McClellan . . 29 
 
 Dedication Ceremonies at West Point ; . . . 83 
 
 Prayers . . . . . . \ > . . . 87 
 
 Address of General Wilson . . * . .89 
 
 Address of General Schofield . . . . 495 
 
 Address of Secretary of War . . . .99 
 
 
 
 Address of Justice Brewer ;. . . . . 103 
 
 Epilogue . . . * . . .113 
 
 List of Officers and Men Borne upon the Monument . 117 
 Description of the Quarrying, Working, Transportation 
 
 and Erection of the Battle Monument . . . 221 
 
 Report of the Treasurer . . . . . 239 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 i Monument. View from West . . Frontispiece 
 
 ii Monument. Front view . . . Facing page i 
 
 in Competitive Design of Babb, Cook &Willard " " 67 
 
 iv Competitive Design of Carrere & Hastings . " " 71 
 
 v Alternative Design of Carrere & Hastings . " " 73 
 
 vi Competitive Design of R. W. Emerson . " " 75 
 
 vn Grand Stand from the West . . . " " 83 
 
 vm Rostrum . . . . . . " " 89 
 
 ix Grand Stand from the South . . . " "103 
 
 x Fame. View from West . ' . . " "113 
 
 xi Fame. View from East . . . . " " 117 
 
 xii Cylindrical Base, bearing Names of Officers " " 119 
 xin Sphere and Plinth, bearing names of Enlisted 
 
 Men " " 131 
 
 xiv Shaft in the Quarry .- . . . " " 221 
 
xv Preparing the Shaft for Working . Facing page 225 
 
 xvi Mounted on Journals for Cutting . . " " 227 
 
 xvn Mechanical Appliances for Polishing / . " " 228 
 
 xviii On the Cars for Transportation . . " " 231 
 
 xix From Station to Site . . . . " " 232 
 
 xx On the Way . . . . . " " 233 
 
 xxi Arrival at Site . ^ _,..., , ^ . . " t( 234 
 
 xxii Erection . . . . . . " " 237 
 
or THK 
 UNIVERSITY } 
 
 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 AT WEST POINT 
 
THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 AT WEST POINT 
 
 CHE polished monolith of granite that faces 
 on the terre-plein of West Point the gate- 
 way of the Hudson Highlands, guarding 
 like a giant sentinel the memory of two thousand 
 heroes of the mighty struggle for principle which 
 freed a race and welded a nation, was dedicated 
 to its sacred function on a day of mingled cloud 
 mists and sunbursts fit type of the dark years 
 of battle and of the glory of the victory which it 
 commemorates. 
 
 The band of men whose roll is to be read upon 
 its tablets, and high above whose names winged 
 Fame stands poised with trumpet and outstretched 
 wreath, are the battle victims of that little army 
 which stood at the beginning of the fight of 1861 
 for all the military art our country knew. Its 
 
2 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 monument rests to-day within the borders of the 
 great Academy which for half a century had kept 
 alive the tradition of military integrity, discipline, 
 simplicity, and science which inspired these men, 
 and through them the mighty hosts of heroic vol- 
 unteers who offered their lives for principle and 
 country. 
 
 This is a monument to the regular army of the 
 United States, erected by brothers to brothers, not 
 in an invidious or vaunting spirit, but with a just 
 pride in the great work wrought by the soul that 
 went forth from this army into the leaderless 
 masses of noble men who left the walks of peace 
 for the hard field of fight. The regular army is 
 justified in this ppde,and rightly glories in this rock- 
 hewn witness to a work well and faithfully done, 
 not only in this War of the Rebellion, but by these 
 same men in exile, hardships and peril on remote 
 frontiers amidst savage foes the advance-guard 
 of our civilization, the protectors of a land which 
 they did not possess, and the promoters of a great 
 industrial development whose fruit was not theirs. 
 This memorial was not built by a grateful coun- 
 try, but by voluntary offerings from the hard-won 
 pay of comrades in the field within hearing of 
 the roar of battle, and in sight of the dead whose 
 memory it preserves. Was ever shaft so reared 
 before, or with a sentiment more modest, tender, 
 and unselfish ? 
 
AT WEST POINT 3 
 
 Those who have guarded the sacred trust con- 
 fided to them, and whose honor and pleasure it 
 has been to bring it to fruition, have labored to 
 express in the finished work the dignity of the 
 sentiment that gave it birth. The granite block, 
 hewn from the mountain single, upright, shin- 
 ing like the deeds to which it bears witness ; the 
 polished sphere, rounded like their lives and belted 
 with enduring bronze ; the simple inscription : 
 
 IN MEMORY 
 
 OF THE 
 OFFICERS AND MEN 
 
 OF THE 
 
 REGULAR ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES 
 WHO FELL IN BATTLE DURING THE 
 
 WAR OF THE REBELLION 
 
 THIS MONUMENT IS ERECTED BY THEIR 
 
 SURVIVING COMRADES 
 
 these are all conceived in reverence, and in- 
 tended to speak simply and directly the purpose 
 of the givers and the merits of the dead. It is but 
 right to add that the designer, Stanford White, 
 and the sculptor, Frederick MacMonnies, have 
 given a generous and enthusiastic labor to the 
 work far beyond the value of any money recom- 
 
4 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 pense received, and in the true spirit of the artist 
 and patriotic citizen. 
 
 In response to a request from the Secretary of 
 the Building Committee of the Battle Monument 
 Association that he should narrate the circum- 
 stances which surrounded the initiative of the un- 
 dertaking, Col. Hasbrouck wrote as follows : 
 
 Fort Monroe, Va., Nov. 6, 1897. 
 My dear Lamed: 
 
 I returned to Fort Monroe last week from detached ser- 
 vice on a board which has kept me busily occupied for about 
 two months. I have been trying to recall the facts and inci- 
 dents connected with the Battle Monument, and the action 
 taken just after the conception of the project, which might 
 avail you for your article. I find that my memory is unreliable 
 about many things that have happened so long ago and I am 
 sorry and afraid that my letter will not be of much use to you. 
 The idea of the monument originated at West Point and the 
 successful efforts to arouse interest and to raise the necessary 
 funds were made by the officers permanently and temporarily 
 on duty at the Academy. I was ordered to West Point for 
 duty in September, 1863, while north on sick leave. At that 
 time all the officers temporarily on duty had seen service in the 
 field and many of them had been disabled by either wounds or 
 sickness. All knew and appreciated the services of the regulars ; 
 and the merits and deeds of officers and men who had fallen 
 were constantly recalled. These services were well known at 
 the front, but received little recognition in the press, which, 
 from local and State pride, made special effort to exploit the 
 
AT WEST POINT 5 
 
 achievements of their own volunteers. We all thought the reg- 
 ulars were not receiving their just dues, and that their services 
 should be better known and permanently commemorated. Soon 
 after my arrival I suggested one night after dinner at the Mess 
 a Monument at West Point which should have inscribed upon it 
 a list of the battles and the names of all the officers and men of 
 the Regular Army who had been killed or died of wounds re- 
 ceived in action. The idea was well received and a notice for 
 a meeting the next Saturday, a day when most of the officers 
 could attend, was sent out. The meeting was attended by many 
 officers. Lieut, (afterwards Captain) Charles C. Parsons, 4th 
 Artillery, was especially interested and enthusiastic. He was a 
 very able and earnest man, and I think the success of the effort 
 in its initial stages was more due to him than to any other sin- 
 gle individual. It is my recollection that he was made chair- 
 man of this meeting. He thought it important to secure as 
 soon as possible the co-operation of all in the Regular Service, 
 and urged that letters be promptly written to officers in the 
 field and at other stations, asking for their views and aid. He 
 sent for the necessary stationery, and many letters were writ- 
 ten before the meeting broke up. A number of officers were 
 there, but I cannot recall with certainty any except Parsons 
 and Captain A. T. Smith, 8th Infantry, now Colonel of the 
 1 3th Infantry. In a short time so many favorable responses 
 were received that a regular organization was formed, a treas- 
 urer appointed, and subscriptions asked for. 
 
 Sincerely yours, 
 
 H. C. HASBROUCK. 
 
 The minutes of the Association formed under 
 the impulse of this suggestion of Lieutenant Has- 
 brouck give a clear account of the early stages of 
 
 IA 
 
6 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 the undertaking which has recently culminated in 
 the dedication of a Monument bearing the names 
 of every officer and soldier in the Regular Army 
 of the United States who fell in battle or died of 
 wounds received in the War of the Rebellion. 
 The following extracts are selected as giving the 
 most important acts of the committees having it in 
 charge as well as the names of their individual 
 members : 
 
 West Point, N. Y., Oct. 6, 1863. 
 
 At a meeting of officers convened at West Point, 
 N. Y., Oct. 6, 1863, for the purpose hereafter 
 designated, First Lieutenant W. A. Elderkin, ist 
 Artillery, U. S. Army, was called to the chair, af- 
 ter which the following resolution was unani- 
 mously adopted : 
 
 For the purpose of perpetuating the memory of 
 those officers of the Regular Army who shall have 
 fallen in action or died from wounds received in 
 the field during the present war, it is 
 
 Resolved That an organization be hereby ef- 
 fected, to consist of a President, a Treasurer, a 
 Secretary, and an Executive Committee of eleven, 
 including the above-named, who shall be em- 
 powered to solicit and receive subscriptions, as 
 shall hereafter be determined, for the erection of a 
 Monument at this post, upon which shall be in- 
 
AT WEST POINT 7 
 
 scribed the names, etc., of those who are embraced 
 within the purpose of this resolution. 
 
 Whereupon the following officers were desig- 
 nated to constitute this organization : 
 
 President : Col. A. H. Bowman, U. S. Engineers, 
 
 and Superintendent 
 
 Treasurer: Prof. A. E. Church, Military Academy 
 Secretary : First Lieut. C. C. Parsons, 4th Artillery, 
 
 U. S. Army 
 Lieut-Col. H. B. Clitz, Maj. 12th Infantry, U. S. 
 
 A., and Comdt. 
 
 Capt. W. P. Chambliss, 5th Cavalry, U. S. Army 
 Capt. S. V. Benet, Ordnance 
 Capt. M. D. McAlister, Engineers 
 Capt. L. Lorain, 3d Artillery 
 First Lieut. A. T. Smith, 8th Infantry 
 First Lieut. W. A. Elderkin, ist Artillery 
 First Lieut. H. B. Noble, 8th Infantry 
 
 Executive Committee. 
 
 And the chairman of the meeting, in conjunc- 
 tion with Lieut. Hasbrouck, 4th Artillery, and 
 Captain Bradford, Ordnance Corps, was directed 
 to notify these officers of their selection, and re- 
 quest their acceptance. On further motion, the 
 
8 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Executive Committee was directed to establish a 
 pro rata standard of subscription, to fill vacancies 
 among themselves, and to inquire into the expe- 
 diency of obtaining permission from the Secretary 
 of War to forward circulars, etc., through the Ad- 
 jutant-General's Office. 
 
 On motion, the meeting adjourned to meet at 
 Lieut. Hasbrouck's quarters on Friday evening 
 following. 
 
 W. A. ELDERKIN, 
 First Lieut. 1st Artillery, U. S. Army, 
 
 President. 
 C. C. PARSONS, 
 
 First Lieut. 4th Artillery, U. S. Army, 
 Secretary. 
 
 West Point, N. Y., Oct. 9, 1863. 
 
 The meeting assembled, pursuant to adjourn- 
 ment, and resolved itself into the Executive Com- 
 mittee previously designated. Present all the 
 members except Col. Bowman, Prof. Church, and 
 Capt. Chambliss. Lieut. Elderkin in the chair. 
 The minutes of the last meeting were read, and 
 on motion accepted, with the following amend- 
 ment: 
 
 That the Superintendent of the Military Acad- 
 emy and Commandant of the Corps of Cadets 
 should become ex-officio members of the Execu- 
 tive Committee, the former being also President. 
 
AT WEST POINT 9 
 
 On motion, the Committee adjourned to meet at 
 the call of the Secretary. 
 
 Lieut. Elderkin, from Committee on Notifica- 
 tion, reported that the officers selected to constitute 
 the organization had been severally waited upon, 
 with the exception of Captain Chambliss, absent 
 from the post, and that each, with the above ex- 
 ception, had signified his acceptance. 
 
 Report adopted and Committee discharged. 
 
 On motion, the following Sub-committees were 
 appointed: 
 
 Design and Execution. 
 
 Col. Bowman, Lieut.-Col. Clitz, 
 
 Lieut. Elderkin. 
 
 Finance. 
 
 Prof. Church, Capt. Benet, 
 
 Capt. McAlister. 
 
 Site. 
 
 Col. Bowman, Capt. Chambliss, 
 
 Capt. Lorain. 
 
 Ceremonies. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Clitz, Lieut. Smith, 
 
 Lieut. Noble. 
 
 The following is the circular prepared by the 
 Executive Committee : 
 
io THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 West Point, N. Y., 
 
 Sir: 
 
 In response to what is believed to be the wish 
 of all who have an interest in the subject, the Offi- 
 cers now stationed at West Point have effected an 
 organization for the purpose of erecting at that 
 post a Monument, to be called THE BATTLE MON- 
 UMENT, upon which shall be inscribed the names 
 of all Officers of the Regular Army who, during 
 the present war, shall have been killed or died of 
 wounds received in the field. 
 
 It is not deemed necessary that any elaborate 
 argument should set forth the propriety of earnest 
 action in behalf of this object. It is an admitted 
 fact, that while in other countries and other ages 
 places are assigned in the historic mausoleum of 
 the nation's illustrious dead, for those who have 
 fallen for the public good, the soldiers of the 
 American army are often permitted to rest among 
 the unknown dead, while their names find no place 
 in the annals of the stormy scenes in which, per- 
 haps, they were the most exalted actors. 
 
 Is it not fit, therefore, that at West Point, the 
 great central post around which cluster some of 
 the richest associations of the Regular Army, to 
 which would cheerfully resort all who wish to pay 
 a tribute to the gallant dead, under the shadow 
 of the Academy which at last receives her sons 
 and all who fight or fall beside them, should be 
 
AT WEST POINT n 
 
 erected a Monument which shall supply the want 
 that now exists ? 
 
 To the dead it would offer the grateful homage 
 of fraternal hearts, to the living, still another 
 inspiration to heroic virtues and sublime self- 
 devotion. 
 
 The plan of action that is proposed has been 
 carefully sought out, and it is trusted that, with a 
 favorable response, a sufficient sum may be raised 
 to make the Battle Monument, in design and dura- 
 bility, entirely worthy of its purpose. 
 
 It seems unnecessary that those who have un- 
 dertaken to initiate this project should disavow any 
 undue assumption in regard to it, since they ear- 
 nestly ask from their brother officers, in the field or 
 elsewhere, such instructions or suggestions as may 
 tend to forward the purpose that is held in view. 
 
 For the purpose of indicating a standard of sub- 
 scription, the following rates are proposed. Every 
 one, however, will feel at liberty to offer a greater 
 or less sum, as circumstances permit : 
 
 Maj.-Gen-eral, $27.00 Major, . $10.00 
 
 Brig.-General, . 18.00 Captain, . 8.00 
 
 Colonel, . 13.00 Lieutenant, . 7.00 
 Lieut.-Colonel, . 11.00 
 
 (Approximating to six per cent, of monthly 
 pay, for one month.) 
 
 Beside your personal subscription, your co-oper- 
 
12 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 f 
 
 ation with your associates in the field is also so- 
 licited, since this circular may not otherwise reach 
 them on account of the difficulty of obtaining 
 correct address. 
 
 Should subscriptions be forwarded in aggregate, 
 the officer so forwarding will please enclose the 
 names of the several subscribers. Subscriptions 
 may be remitted to the Treasurer, 
 
 Prof. A. E. CHURCH, West Point, N. Y. 
 
 Signed, etc., by Executive Committee. 
 
 On motion, it was declared the purpose of the 
 Committee to include the cases of such officers as 
 may die after the war from wounds received as be- 
 fore mentioned, and that in addition to the name, etc., 
 and rank in the Regular Army, should be recorded 
 also the rank, in Volunteers, of officers named. 
 
 On motion, the Finance Committee were in- 
 structed to inquire the amount which might prob- 
 ably be raised by proposed plan of subscription ; 
 and the same Committee was authorized to direct 
 such incidental expenditures as are from time to 
 
 time required. 
 
 W. A. ELDERKIN, 
 
 First Lieut, ist Artillery, U. S. Army, 
 President. 
 
 First Lieut. C. C. PARSONS, 4th Artillery,!!. S. Army, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
AT WEST POINT 13 
 
 West Point, N. Y., Nov. 24, 1863. 
 
 The Executive Committee met upon call of the 
 Secretary, pursuant to terms of last adjournment. 
 Prof. Church in the chair. Present all the mem- 
 bers except Col. Bowman and Capt. Benet. 
 
 The minutes of the last meeting were read and 
 accepted. The Secretary stated that he had called 
 the meeting in order to answer inquiries in regard 
 to action taken since the last adjournment. The 
 minutes of the meeting and the Circular after- 
 wards adopted had been placed by the Presi- 
 dent of the Committee in the hands of Brig.- 
 General Totten, Chief Engineer and Inspector of 
 the Academy. No response had been returned 
 thereto. 
 
 Whereupon, after full discussion, the following 
 resolutions were adopted : 
 
 The purpose and plan of action of this Organi- 
 zation having been laid before the Chief Engineer 
 and Inspector of the Academy and no objection 
 having been returned, it is 
 
 Resolved, ist. That the Secretary, under super- 
 vision of the Finance Committee, be directed to 
 procure the printing of (blank to be filled by the 
 Secretary) copies of the Circular, to be distributed 
 as contemplated, and also the publication of the 
 same in the most suitable journals. 
 2d. That application in the name of the Execu- 
 
H THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 tive Committee be made to the Secretary of War for 
 permission to erect the Battle Monument at this post. 
 3d. That the subscriptions necessary to defray the 
 expenses to be incurred by the First Resolution be 
 at once solicited, such subscriptions to be regarded 
 as part of the permanent fund. 
 4th. That the Secretary be permitted to sign the 
 name of each member of the Executive Commit- 
 tee to the above Circular, and all corresponding 
 papers properly authorized. 
 
 5th. That the Finance Committee be directed to 
 procure a book in which shall be permanently re- 
 corded the names of all subscribers to the funds of 
 the Association. 
 
 6th. That copies of the proceedings, resolutions, 
 etc., most prominently setting forth the plans and 
 purposes of the organization be forwarded by the 
 Secretary to officers of the Regular Army high in 
 command, with the request that they furnish re- 
 sponses which shall be appended to the Circular 
 for general distribution. 
 
 The Secretary was directed to add to the Circu- 
 lar so much as is necessary to carry out the inten- 
 tion of the 6th Resolution. 
 
 West Point, N. Y., Dec. 15, 1863. 
 
 The Secretary reported that, conformably with 
 a Resolution of the last meeting, he had ordered 
 
AT WEST POINT 15 
 
 * 
 
 the printing of fifty copies each of Submitted Cir- 
 culars and Extracts from Minutes, and asked fur- 
 ther instructions. 
 
 A list of names including sixteen was deter- 
 mined upon by the Committee, to whom these 
 papers should be forwarded and their responses 
 appended to the Circular. 
 
 The Committee on Finance, through the Chair- 
 man, reported that from calculation upon the present 
 basis of subscription, the amount to be realized would 
 approximate to $20,000. The Committee on Site 
 were directed to report as early as convenient. 
 
 West Point, N. Y., Jan. 28, 1864. 
 The Secretary presented as subject for action 
 printed Circulars, of which 2600 copies had been 
 ordered, embodying, in addition to the first Circu- 
 lar of the Committee, extracts from all the responses 
 thus far received namely, from Maj.-Genls. 
 McClellan, Wool, Grant, Thomas, Buell, Hooker 
 and Meade, and Brig.-Gen. Meigs, Q.-M.-General 
 of the Army ; also a plan for the Monument from 
 Genl. Meigs. The Chairman stated that he had 
 received a letter from Gen. Gibbon containing 
 certain suggestions laid before the Committee. 
 On motion and after discussion upon the ways and 
 means of issuing these, the Circular was adopted. 
 
16 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 West Point, N. Y., Feby. y, 1864. 
 
 The Secretary submitted a letter from Major R. 
 Williams, A. A. G., suggesting the printing of 
 about 3000 Circulars, to be forwarded to him, upon 
 which he would forward them to every officer of 
 the Regular Army. 
 
 Upon motion, it was directed that the Circulars 
 of the first edition be so changed as to include in 
 the object of the Monument a Memorial to the 
 Enlisted Men who shall fall, etc., and that in the pro 
 rata subscription $1.00 be added for Enlisted Men. 
 ****** 
 
 West Point, N. Y., Feby. 24, 1864. 
 
 The Secretary announced as business before the 
 Committee that a vacancy had been created by 
 reason of Capt. Benet having been ordered from 
 the post. 
 
 On motion, Capt. T. J. Treadwell, Ordnance 
 Corps, was elected to fill the vacancy. 
 
 The letter of Maj. F. M. Etting, Additional Pay- 
 master, enquiring in regard to those included within 
 the appeal and objects of the Executive Commit- 
 tee, being submitted, the Secretary was directed to 
 reply that the term " Regular Officer " was sup- 
 posed to include those enumerated on page 110 
 (marked A), Army Register, dated Washington. 
 April i, 1863. 
 
AT WEST POINT 17 
 
 West Point, N. Y., April 19, 1864. 
 
 The following resolutions, providing for the in- 
 augurating of the Monument, were unanimously 
 passed : 
 
 1st. Resolved: That the ceremony of inaugu- 
 ration of the BATTLE MONUMENT take place the 
 15th of June, next. 
 
 2d. That the Committees on Site and Design 
 be directed to so determine that a position for the 
 Monument shall be selected and reported to the 
 Executive Committee at its next meeting. 
 
 3d. That the Committee on Ceremonies be 
 directed to prepare and report at the next meeting 
 a programme of exercises for the day of inaugu- 
 ration. 
 
 4th. That Maj.-General McClellan be invited 
 in the name of the Executive Committee to de- 
 liver the Inaugural Address. 
 
 Upon further motion, it was directed that the 
 Chairman appoint three other members of the 
 Executive Committee to confer with the Com- 
 mittee on Ceremonies upon the drawing up of the 
 Programme in accordance with the 3d Resolution ; 
 whereupon the chairman appointed Maj. Cham- 
 bliss, Captains McAlister and Treadwell as such 
 additional members. Upon further motion, the 
 Secretary was directed to tender the thanks of the 
 Executive Committee, and thus of the Army, to 
 
1 8 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Major R. Williams, Asst. Adjt.-General, for the 
 especial service he has rendered to this project by 
 procuring the directing, franking and forwarding 
 of 2500 copies of the Committee's last circular to 
 all officers of the army. 
 
 On May 3, 1864, as a result of the foregoing, 
 the Secretary laid before the Committee a letter 
 from Maj.-General McClellan, accepting the Com- 
 mittee's invitation to deliver the Inaugural Address 
 upon the 15th of June, next, whereupon it was 
 directed that the correspondence upon this invita- 
 tion be entered in the minutes of the evening. 
 
 This correspondence was not so entered, and no 
 trace of it can be found. 
 
 The dedication of Trophy Point as the site of 
 the Monument took place in accordance with the 
 foregoing resolutions. 
 
 Its interest was heightened by the presence of 
 the shattered but still steady remnants of the 3d, 
 6th, yth, and 12th Regiments, U. S. Infantry, the 
 bands of these and of the 5th Artillery, and the 
 permanent party of Fort Columbus, N. Y. Har- 
 bor, preceded in procession by the U. S. Corps of 
 Cadets and the Military Academy Band. 
 
 It was also distinguished throughout by that 
 deep solemnity of feeling which was eminently 
 due to the occasion. 
 
 Brig.-General Anderson officiated as chief mar- 
 shal, and Rev. Drs. French and Sprole as chaplains. 
 
DEDICATION OF SITE 
 
 ON 
 
 TROPHY POINT 
 
DEDICATION OF SITE ON TROPHY 
 POINT, ON JUNE 15, 1864 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 West Point, June 15, 1864. 
 PROGRAMME OF CEREMONIES. 
 
 PROCESSION. 
 
 Assistant Marshal, Capt. Wilkins, 3d Infantry. 
 I. Military Academy Band. 
 II. Battalion of Cadets. 
 
 Assistant Marshal, Capt. Smith, 8th Infantry. 
 
 III. Detachments of troops stationed at and visit- 
 
 ing the post. 
 
 IV. Carriage containing the President of the 
 
 Executive Committee, the Chief Marshal, 
 and State Executives. 
 
 2A 
 
22 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Assistant Marshal, Lieut. Hamilton, 2d Artillery. 
 V. Senior member of the Committee, Orator, 
 
 and Chaplains. 
 
 VI. The Executive Committee. 
 VII. Military and Academic Staff, Board of Vis- 
 itors, and Invited Guests. 
 
 Assistant Marshals,^?*- Da y ies ' l6th Infantr y- 
 ( Capt. Barlow, Engineers. 
 
 PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 I. Prayer ..... . . Rev. Dr. French 
 
 II. ^lusic .... Military Academy Band 
 
 " Hail Columbia." 
 
 III. Oration . '." .' / . Maj.-General McClellan 
 
 IV. Music .... Military Academy Band 
 
 " Star Spangled Banner " and " Yankee Doodle." 
 
 V. Benediction . .''**.' . Rev. Dr. Sprole 
 VI. Dirge .... Military Academy Band 
 
PRAYERS. 
 
 I. 
 
 For the Country. 
 
 Almighty God, fountain of order, source of all law in heaven 
 and in earth, who hast ordained that men shall exist in organ- 
 ized communities, who, in the days of our fathers, didst bring 
 forth, in the hour of darkness, the starry order of American insti- 
 tutions, for which we praise and bless Thee, we commend our 
 country, now and ever, with all its interests, to Thy protecting 
 care. May Thy fatherly hand ever be extended for perpetual 
 benedictions over this land, kept by Thee through ages for us ; 
 over its people, trained by Thee so long for a sublime heaven ; 
 its Constitution, fruit of Thy teachings in history ; its Union, 
 blending human diversities into one chorus acceptable to Thee, 
 the lover of concord ; and its laws, uniting, after the model of 
 Thine, mercy with justice, and liberty with order. From 
 Thine own deeps of purity and love, breathe into the whole 
 American people, by Thy spirit, and through all-subduing char- 
 ity, that sacred affection, love to our country. Remove for 
 ever from them, the spirit of sedition, conspiracy, rebellion, 
 and give them steadfast loyalty, and unswerving allegiance. 
 Specially do we implore Thee thus to turn the hearts of those 
 who are now in arms against authority. In the contest to 
 which we have been summoned for defending the precious trusts 
 handed on from our fathers, wilt Thou send us now prosperity, 
 and grant us victory. O, let not the impassioned yearnings of 
 
 23 
 
24 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 a great people for unity, for nationality, for beneficent order, 
 for a lasting tranquillity, be in vain. May their lavish sacri- 
 fices, their patriotic efforts, their patient endurances, their silent 
 tears falling in so many saddened homesteads, not be fruitless, 
 but be regarded by Thee, through Thy Son, for benedictions, 
 and by distant posterities, blessed through them, for abundant 
 honor. So may we be through coming time, one people, fear- 
 ing Thee and working righteousness, glorifying Thy name, and 
 elevating Thy whole human family. All of which we ask through 
 Jesus Christ our Saviour. Amen. 
 
 II. 
 
 For the President of the United States, and 
 all others in Authority. 
 
 O everlasting God, by whose eternal providence all things 
 and all men have their stations and their works, wherein they 
 may serve Thee, and do good to Thy creatures, we ask for 
 Thy blessing on the President of the United States, and all 
 others in authority. Called by Thee to great duties, may they 
 find in Thee strength and wisdom for all. Bestow upon them 
 all good gifts for government ; inspire them with wisest counsels 
 and heroic resolutions. Console them in their difficult tasks 
 with the consciousness of duty done, of intentions sincerely 
 placed on the public welfare, justice, and honor ; of the sym- 
 pathy of upright men ; of the appreciation of other ages ; and 
 of Thine own merciful and forgiving approval. In this life may 
 Thy providence guard them. In mortal senses may Thy spirit 
 so guide them, that they may hereafter serve and glorify Thee 
 in a better country that is an heavenly ; through Him who 
 taught the rules and procured the spirit for all human duties, 
 our teacher, our model, our restorer, Jesus Christ our Lord. 
 Amen. 
 
AT WEST POINT 25 
 
 III. 
 
 For the Army and Navy and their Schools. 
 
 Lord God of Hosts, who hast determined the union of power 
 with law throughout all Thy works, and for all communities of 
 men, be pleased to receive into Thy almighty and most gracious 
 protection the Army and Navy of the United States. Fill the 
 whole public force with the spirit of patriotism and self-sacri- 
 fice, with an inspiring conviction of the glory of the cause for 
 which it is now called to dare and to endure. May its persons 
 be defended by Thee in danger and encouraged to all deeds of 
 heroism by the affection and honor of a grateful country. And 
 may both its schools be the nurseries of pure, accomplished, 
 and brave men, and be continually sending forth on land and 
 sea those who may render, in peace and war, good and faithful 
 service to the public. So may the people of our land, under 
 the shelter of good laws, in peace and quietness, serve Thee 
 our God, and lead lives of all godliness and honesty, to the 
 glory of Thy name, and the promotion of human welfare, 
 through Him who gave the example of self-sacrifice, dying for 
 us that we might live with Thee, Thy Son, our Saviour. 
 Amen. 
 
 For a Blessing on the Occasion. 
 
 O God of the spirits of all flesh, calling the generations from 
 the beginning, and, since the first transgression, bidding dust 
 return to dust again, may this spot, consecrated now to the 
 memory of heroes, be hallowed also to the benefit of the liv- 
 ing. May those brought here for their last repose be the 
 temples of Thy Holy Spirit, and leave spotless records of lives 
 made glorious by duty conscientiously done, so that the way- 
 farer, lingering and musing here, may find his soul enkindled 
 
26 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 to ennobling emulations. And may this whole assembly look 
 this day from the grave to the life immortal. Here, in a tem- 
 ple not made with hands, where the mountains rise, the river 
 flows, the valley slumbers, all telling of Thee and of Thy un- 
 speakable perfection, may thoughts arise within us answering 
 to the majesty of Thy glorious works. Here may we conse- 
 crate ourselves anew to the love of Thee, the love of man, the 
 love of Thy will ; to the doing of justice, to the loving of 
 mercy, and to walking humbly with Thee our God : that so, 
 when we too shall lie down in the dust, we may be Thy chil- 
 dren, justified, sanctified, and prepared to be glorified, all 
 through Him who has opened the way to Thee, and who, to 
 inbreathe these great affections, has taught us when we pray to 
 say: 
 
 Our Father, who art in heaven, Hallowed be Thy name. 
 Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth, as it is in 
 heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us 
 our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. And 
 lead us not into temptation : But deliver us from evil. For 
 Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory, for ever 
 and ever. Amen. 
 
AT WEST POINT 27 
 
 After the prayer, Prof. French said : 
 
 I am requested, on behalf of the officers of the army, and 
 of the local authorities and residents, to express their senti- 
 ments and wishes, and most earnestly to ask that these may be 
 respected. To all of us, the day is a solemn one ; to military 
 feelings, ever confronted with death, the occasion is the same as 
 though cherished comrades were now to be laid in the grave. 
 They ask, therefore, that this hour and this day may be invested 
 with the decorum attached to funeral solemnities, that no 
 demonstration of any kind be made on the ground or afterward, 
 but that all may enter into the spirit and motive of the solemn 
 occasion which calls us here in reverence, before Almighty 
 God, to set apart a portion of his foot-stool for the remains of 
 those who shall fall in this war in the defense of the Constitu- 
 tion, the Union, the welfare, and the national honor of the 
 United States. 
 
 General Anderson's introduction of the orator : 
 
 Fellow-citizens, members of the corps of cadets, and brother 
 soldiers, I have the pleasure of going through the form of in- 
 troducing to you one who is better known to you than I who 
 introduce him, the orator of the day, Major-General George 
 E. McClellan. 
 
 
ORATION BY 
 GENERAL GEORGE B. McCLELLAN 
 
 HLL nations have days sacred to the remembrance of joy 
 and of grief. They have thanksgivings for success, 
 fasting and prayers in the hour of humiliation and 
 defeat, triumphs and paeans to greet the living and 
 laurel-crowned victor. They have obsequies and eulogies for 
 the warrior slain on the field of battle. Such is the duty we 
 are to perform to-day. The poetry, the histories, the ora- 
 tions of antiquity, all resound with the clang of arms ; they 
 dwell rather upon rough deeds of war, than the gentle arts of 
 peace. They have preserved to us the names of heroes, and 
 the memory of their deeds, even to this distant day. Our 
 own Old Testament teems with the narrations of the brave 
 actions and heroic deaths of Jewish patriots, while the New 
 Testament of our meek and suffering Saviour often selects the 
 soldier and his weapons to typify and illustrate religious hero- 
 ism and duty. These stories of the actions of the dead have 
 frequently survived, in the lapse of ages, the names of those 
 whose fall was thus commemorated centuries ago. But, al- 
 though we know not now the names of all the brave men who 
 fought and fell upon the plain of Marathon, in the pass of 
 
 29 
 
30 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Thermopylae, and on the hills of Palestine, we have not lost 
 the memory of their examples. As long as the warm blood 
 courses the veins of man, as long as the human heart beats 
 high and quick at the recital of brave deeds and patriotic sacri- 
 fices, so long will the lesson still incite generous men to emu- 
 late the heroism of the past. 
 
 Among the Greeks, it was the custom that the fathers of the 
 most valiant of the slain should pronounce the eulogies of the 
 dead. Sometimes it devolved upon their great statesmen and 
 orators to perform this mournful duty. Would that a new 
 Demosthenes, or a second Pericles, could arise and take my 
 place to-day, for he would find a theme worthy of his most 
 brilliant powers, of his most touching eloquence. I stand here 
 now, not as an orator, but as a whilom commander, and in the 
 place of the fathers of the most valiant dead ; as their com- 
 rade, too, on many a hard-fought field, against domestic and 
 foreign foe in early youth and mature manhood moved by 
 all the love that David felt when he poured forth his lamenta- 
 tions for the mighty father and son who fell on Mount Gilboa. 
 God knows that David's love for Jonathan was no more deep 
 than mine for the tried friends of many long and eventful 
 years, whose names are to be recorded upon the structure that 
 is to rise upon this spot. Would that his more than mortal 
 eloquence could grace my lips and do justice to the theme ! 
 
 We have met to-day, my comrades, to do honor to our own 
 dead ; brothers united to us by the closest and dearest ties, who 
 have freely given their lives for their country in this war so 
 just and righteous so long as its purpose is to crush rebellion, 
 and to save our nation from the infinite evils of dismemberment. 
 Such an occasion as this should call forth the deepest and no- 
 blest emotions of our nature pride, sorrow, and prayer : 
 pride that our country has possessed such sons ; sorrow that 
 she has lost them ; prayer that she may have others like them ; 
 that we and our successors may adorn her annals as they have 
 
AT WEST POINT 31 
 
 done, and that when our parting hour arrives, whenever and 
 however it may be, our souls may be prepared for the great 
 change. 
 
 We have assembled to consecrate a cenotaph which shall 
 remind our children's children, in the distant future, of their 
 fathers' struggles in the days of the great rebellion. This 
 monument is to perpetuate the memory of a portion only of 
 those who have fallen for the nation in this unhappy war 
 it is dedicated to the officers and soldiers of the regular army. 
 Yet this is done in no class or exclusive spirit, and in the act 
 we remember, with reverence and love, our comrades of the 
 volunteers who have so gloriously fought and fallen by our 
 side. Each State will, no doubt, commemorate in some fit- 
 ting way the services of its sons who abandoned the avoca- 
 tions of peace and shed their blood in the ranks of the volun- 
 teers. How richly they have earned a nation's love, a nation's 
 gratitude, with what heroism they have confronted death, have 
 wrested victory from a stubborn foe, and have illustrated de- 
 feat, it well becomes me to say, for it has been my lot to 
 command them on many a sanguinary field. I know that I 
 but echo the feeling of the regulars when I award the high 
 credit they deserve to their brave brethren of the volunteers. 
 
 But we of the regular army have no States to look to for the 
 honors due our dead. We belong to the whole country, and 
 can neither expect nor desire the general government to make 
 a perhaps invidious distinction in our favor. We are few in 
 number, a small band of comrades, united by peculiar and very 
 binding ties ; for with many of us our friendships were com- 
 menced in boyhood, when we rested here in the shadow of 
 the granite hills which look down upon us where we stand ; 
 with others the ties of brotherhood were formed in more ma- 
 ture years, while fighting among the rugged mountains and the 
 fertile valleys of Mexico within hearing of the eternal waves 
 of the Pacific, or in the lonely grandeur of the great plains of 
 
32 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 the far West. With all, our love and confidence have been 
 cemented by common dangers and sufferings, on the toilsome 
 march, in the dreary bivouac, and amid the clash of arms, and 
 in the presence of death on scores of battle-fields. West Point, 
 with her large heart, adopts us all graduates and those appointed 
 from civil life, officers and privates. In her eyes we are all 
 her children, jealous of her fame, and eager to sustain her 
 world-wide reputation. Generals and private soldiers, men 
 who have cheerfully offered our all for our dear country, we 
 stand here before this shrine, ever hereafter sacred to our dead, 
 equals and brothers in the presence of the common death 
 which awaits us all, perhaps on the same field and at the same 
 hour. Such are the ties which unite us, the most endearing 
 which exist among men ; such the relations which bind us to- 
 gether, the closest of the sacred brotherhood of arms. 
 
 It has therefore seemed, and it is fitting, that we should 
 erect upon this spot, so sacred to us all, an enduring monu- 
 ment to our dear brothers who have preceded us upon the path 
 of peril and of honor, which it is the destiny of many of us 
 to tread. 
 
 What is this regular army to which we belong ? 
 
 Who were the men whose death merits such honors from the 
 living ? 
 
 What is the cause for which they have laid down their lives ? 
 
 Our regular or permanent army is the nucleus which, in time 
 of peace, preserves the military traditions of the nation, as well 
 as the organization, science and instruction indispensable to 
 modern armies. It may be regarded as co-eval with the na- 
 tion. It derives its origin from the old Continental and State 
 lines of the Revolution, whence, with some interruptions and 
 many changes, it has attained its present condition. In fact, 
 we may with propriety go even beyond the Revolution to seek 
 the roots of our genealogical tree in the old French wars, for 
 the Cis-Atlantic campaigns of the Seven Years' War were not 
 
AT WEST POINT 33 
 
 confined to the "red men scalping each other by the great lakes 
 of North America/' and it was in them that ou-r ancestors first 
 participated as Americans in the large operations of civilized 
 armies. American regiments then fought on the banks of the 
 St. Lawrence and the Ohio, on the shores of Ontario and 
 Lake George, on the islands of the Caribbean and in South 
 America. Louisburg, Quebec, Duquesne, the Moro, and 
 Porto Bello, attest the value of the provincial troops, and in 
 that school were educated such soldiers as Washington, Put- 
 nam, Lee, Montgomery and Gates. These, and men like 
 Greene, Knox, Wayne and Steuben, were the fathers of our 
 permanent army, and under them our troops acquired that dis- 
 cipline and steadiness which enabled them to meet upon equal 
 terms, and often to defeat, the tried veterans of England. The 
 study of the history of the Revolution, and a perusal of the 
 despatches of Washington, will convince the most skeptical of 
 the value of the permanent army in achieving our independence 
 and establishing the civil edifice which we are now fighting to 
 preserve. 
 
 The War of 1812 found the army on a footing far from ad- 
 equate to the emergency, but it was rapidly increased, and of 
 the new generation of soldiers many proved equal to the 
 requirements of the occasion. Lundy's Lane, Chippewa, 
 Queenstown, Plattsburg, New Orleans all bear witness to 
 the gallantry of the regulars. 
 
 Then came an interval of more than thirty years of external 
 peace, marked by so many changes in the organization and 
 strength of the regular army, and broken at times by tedious and 
 bloody Indian wars. Of these the most remarkable were the 
 Black Hawk War, in which our troops met unflinchingly a foe 
 as relentless, and far more destructive than the Indians that 
 terrible scourge, the cholera ; and the tedious Florida War, 
 where, for many years, the Seminoles eluded in the pestilential 
 swamps our utmost efforts, and in which were displayed such 
 
 3 f 
 
34 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 traits of heroism as that commemorated by yonder monument 
 to Dade and his command, " when all fell, save three, without 
 an attempt to retreat. " At last came the Mexican War, to 
 replace Indian combats and the monotony of the frontier ser- 
 vice, and for the first time in many years the mass of the regu- 
 lar army was concentrated, and took the principal part in the 
 battles of that remarkable and romantic war. Palo Alto, Re- 
 saca, and Fort Brown, were the achievements of the regulars 
 unaided; and as to the battles of Monterey, Buena Vista, Vera 
 Cruz, Cerro Gordo, and the final triumphs in the valley, none 
 can truly say that they could have been won without the regu- 
 lars. When peace crowned our victories in the capital of the 
 Montezumas, the army was at once dispersed over the long fron- 
 tier, and engaged in harassing and dangerous wars with the Indians 
 of the plains. Thus thirteen long years were spent, until the 
 present war broke out, and the mass of the army was drawn in 
 to be employed against a domestic foe. 
 
 I cannot proceed to the events of the recent past and the 
 present without adverting to the gallant men who were so long 
 of our number, but who have now gone to their last home; for no 
 small portion of the glory of which we boast was reflected from 
 such men as Taylor, Worth, Brady, Brooks, Totten, and 
 Duncan. 
 
 There is a sad story of Venetian history that has moved 
 many a heart, and often employed the poet's pen and the 
 painter's pencil. It is of an old man whose long life was glo- 
 riously spent in the service of the state as a warrior and a states- 
 man, and who, when his hair was white and his feeble limbs 
 could scarce carry his bent form toward the grave, attained the 
 highest honors that a Venetian citizen could reach. He was 
 Doge of Venice. Convicted of treason against the state, he 
 not only lost his life, but suffered beside a penalty which will 
 endure as long as the name of Venice is remembered. The 
 spot where his portrait should have hung in the great hall of 
 
AT WEST POINT 35 
 
 the doge's palace was veiled with black, and there still remains 
 the frame, with its black mass of canvas and this vacant frame 
 is the most conspicuous in the long line of effigies of illustrious 
 doges ! 
 
 Oh ! that such a pall as that which replaces the portrait of 
 Marino Faliero could conceal from history the names of those, 
 once our comrades, who are now in arms against the flag under 
 which we fought side by side in years gone by. But no veil 
 can cover the anguish that fills our hearts when we look back 
 upon the sad memory of the past, and recall the affection 
 and respect we entertained toward men against whom it is our 
 duty to act in mortal combat. Would that the courage, ability 
 and steadfastness they displayed had been employed in the de- 
 fense of the "Stars and Stripes" against a foreign foe, rather 
 than in this gratuitous and unjustifiable rebellion, which could 
 not be so long maintained but for the skill and energy of those, 
 our former comrades! * 
 
 But we have reason to rejoice that upon this day, so sacred 
 and so eventful for us, one grand old mortal monument of the 
 past still lifts high his head amongst us, and graces by his pres- 
 ence the consecration of this tomb of his children. We may 
 well be proud that we have been commanded by the hero who 
 purchased victory with his blood near the great waters of Ni- 
 agara, who repeated and eclipsed the achievements of Cortez ; 
 who, although a consummate and confident commander, ever 
 preferred, when duty and honor would permit, the olive branch 
 of peace to the blood-stained laurels of war, and who stands, 
 at the close of a long, glorious and eventful life, a living column 
 of granite against which have beaten in vain alike the blandish- 
 ments and the storms of treason. His name will ever be one of our 
 proudest boasts and most moving inspirations. In long-distant 
 ages, when this incipient monument has become venerable, moss- 
 clad, and perhaps ruinous, when the names inscribed upon it shall 
 seem, to those who pause to read them, indistinct mementos of 
 
36 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 an almost mythical past, the name of Winfield Scott will still 
 be clear cut upon the memory of them all, like the still fresh 
 carving upon the monuments of long-forgotten Pharaohs. 
 
 But it is time to approach the present. 
 
 In the war which now shakes the land to its foundation, the 
 regular army has borne a most honorable part. Too few in 
 numbers to act by themselves, regular regiments have partici- 
 pated in every great battle in the East, and in most of those 
 west of the Alleghanies. Their terrible losses and diminished 
 numbers prove that they have been in the thickest of the fights, 
 and the testimony of their comrades and commanders shows 
 with what undaunted heroism they have upheld their ancient 
 renown. Their vigorous charges have often won the day, and 
 in defeat they have more than once saved the army from de- 
 struction or terrible losses by the obstinacy with which they 
 resisted overpowering numbers. They can refer with pride to 
 the part they played upon the glorious fields of Mexico, and 
 exult at the recollection of what they did at Manassas, Gaines's 
 Mill, Malvern, Antietam, Shiloh, Stone River, Gettysburg, 
 and the great battles just fought from the Rapidan to the Chick- 
 ahominy. They can also point to the officers who have risen 
 among them and achieved great deeds for their country in this 
 war ; to the living warriors whose names are on the nation's 
 tongue and heart, too numerous to be repeated here, yet not 
 one of whom I could willingly omit. 
 
 But perhaps the proudest episode in the history of the regu- 
 lar army is that touching instance of fidelity on the part of the 
 non-commissioned officers and privates who, treacherously 
 made prisoners in Texas, resisted every temptation to violate 
 their oath and desert their flag. Offered commissions in the 
 rebel service, money and land freely tendered them, they all 
 scorned the inducements held out to them, submitted to every 
 hardship, and when at last exchanged, avenged themselves on 
 the field of battle for the unavailing insult offered their integ- 
 
AT WEST POINT 37 
 
 rity. History affords no brighter example of honor than that 
 of these brave men, tempted, as I blush to say they were, by 
 some of their former officers, who, having themselves proved 
 false to their flag, endeavored to seduce the men who had often 
 followed them in combat, and who had naturally regarded them 
 with respect and love. 
 
 Such is the regular army such its history and antecedents 
 such its officers and men. It needs no herald to trumpet 
 forth its praises ; it can proudly appeal to the numerous fields, 
 from the tropics to the frozen banks of the St. Lawrence, from 
 the Atlantic to the Pacific, fertilized by the blood and whit- 
 ened by the bones of its members. But I will not pause to 
 eulogize it. Let its deeds speak for it ; they are more elo- 
 quent than tongue of mine. 
 
 Why are we here to-day ? 
 
 This is not the funeral of one brave warrior, nor even of 
 the harvest of death on a single battle-field, but these are the 
 obsequies of the best and bravest of the children of the land, 
 who have fallen in actions almost numberless, many of them 
 among the most sanguinary and desperate of which history 
 bears record. The men whose names and deeds we now 
 seek to perpetuate, rendering them the highest honor in our 
 power, have fallen wherever armed rebellion showed its front 
 in far-distant New Mexico, in the broad valley of the Mis- 
 sissippi, on the bloody hunting-grounds of Kentucky, in the 
 mountains of Tennessee, amid the swamps of Carolina, on the 
 fertile fields of Maryland, and in the blood-stained thickets of 
 Virginia. They were of all the grades from the general 
 officer to the private ; of all ages from the gray-haired vet- 
 eran, of fifty years' service, to the beardless youth ; of all de- 
 grees of cultivation from the man of science to the unedu- 
 cated boy. It is not necessary, nor is it possible, to repeat 
 the mournful yet illustrious roll of dead heroes whom we have 
 met to honor. Nor shall I attempt to name all of those who 
 
 3A 
 
38 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 most merit praise simply a few who will exemplify the 
 classes to which they belong. 
 
 Among the last slain, but among the first in honor and repu- 
 tation, was that hero of twenty battles John Sedgwick. 
 Gentle and kind as a woman, brave as a brave man can be, 
 honest, sincere, and able he was a model that all may strive 
 to imitate, but whom few can equal. In the terrible battles 
 which just preceded his death, he had occasion to display the 
 highest qualities of a commander and a soldier ; yet after es- 
 caping the stroke of death when men fell around him by thou- 
 sands, he at last met his fate at a moment of comparative quiet, 
 by the ball of a single rifleman. He died as a soldier would 
 choose to die with truth in his heart, and a sweet, tranquil 
 smile upon his face. Alas ! our great nation possesses few sons 
 like true John Sedgwick. 
 
 Like him fell, too, at the very head of their corps, the white- 
 haired Mansfield, after a long career of usefulness, illustrated 
 by his skill and cool courage at Fort Brown, Monterey, and 
 Buena Vista; John F. Reynolds and Reno, both in the full 
 vigor of manhood and intellect men who had proved their 
 ability and chivalry on many a field in Mexico and in this 
 civil war, gallant gentlemen of whom their country had much 
 to hope, had it pleased God to spare their lives. Lyon fell in 
 the prime of life, leading his little army against superior num- 
 bers, his brief career affording a brilliant example of patriotism 
 and ability. The impetuous Kearny, and such brave generals 
 as Richardson, Williams, Terrill, Stevens, Weed, Strong, 
 Saunders and Hayes, lost their lives while in the midst of 
 a career of usefulness. Young Bayard, so like the most re- 
 nowned of his name, that " knight above fear and above re- 
 proach," was cut off too early for his country, and that excel- 
 lent staff-officer, Colonel Garesche, fell while gallantly doing 
 his duty. 
 
 No regiments can spare such gallant, devoted and able com- 
 
AT WEST POINT 39 
 
 manders as Rossell, Davis, Gore, Simmons, Bailey, Putnam 
 and Kingsbury all of whom fell in the thickest of the com- 
 bat some of them veterans, and others young in service, all 
 good men and well-beloved. 
 
 Our batteries have partially paid their terrible debt to fate in 
 the loss of such commanders as Greble, the first to fall in this 
 war, Benson, Hazzard, Smead, De Hart, Hazlitt, and those gal- 
 lant boys, Kirby, Woodruff, Dimmick and Gushing ; while the 
 engineers lament the promising and gallant Wagner and Cross. 
 
 Beneath remote battle-fields rest the corpses of the heroic 
 McRea, Reed, Bascom, Stone, Sweet, and many other com- 
 pany officers. 
 
 Besides these were hosts of veteran sergeants, corporals and 
 privates who had fought under Scott in Mexico, or contended 
 in many combats with the savages of the far West and Florida; 
 and, mingled with them, young soldiers who, courageous, 
 steady and true, met death unflinchingly, without the hope of 
 personal glory. These men, in their more humble sphere, 
 served their country with as much faith and honor as the most il- 
 lustrious generals, and all of them with perfect singleness of heart. 
 Although their names may not live in history, their actions, 
 loyalty, and courage will live. Their memories will long be 
 preserved in their regiments, for there were many of them who 
 merited as proud a distinction as that accorded to the "first 
 grenadier of France, " or to that other Russian soldier who gave 
 his life for his comrades. 
 
 But there is another class of men who have gone from us since 
 this war commenced, whose fate it was not to die in battle, 
 but who are none the less entitled to be mentioned here. 
 There was Sumner, a brave, honest, chivalrous veteran, of 
 more than half a century's service, who had confronted death 
 unflinchingly on scores of battlefields, had shown his gray head 
 serene and cheerful where death most revelled, who more than 
 once told me that he believed and hoped that his long career 
 
40 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 would end amid the din of battle he died at home from the 
 effects of the hardships of his campaigns. 
 
 The most excellent soldier, the elegant C. F. Smith, whom 
 many of us remember to have seen so often on this plain, with 
 his superb bearing, escaped the bullet to fall a victim to the 
 disease which has deprived the army of so many of its best 
 soldiers. 
 
 John Buford, cool and intrepid ; Mitchell, eminent in sci- 
 ence; Plummer, Palmer, and many other officers and men, 
 lost their lives by sickness contracted in the field. 
 
 But I cannot close this long list of glorious martyrs without 
 paying a sacred debt of official duty and personal friendship. 
 There was one dead soldier who possessed peculiar claims 
 upon my love and gratitude. He was an ardent patriot, an 
 unselfish man, a true soldier, the beau ideal of a staff-officer 
 he was my aide-de-camp, Colonel Colburn. 
 
 There is a lesson to be drawn from the death and services of 
 these glorious men which we should read for the present and 
 future benefit of the nation. War in these modern days is a 
 science, and it should now be clear to the most prejudiced that 
 for the organization and command of armies, and the high com- 
 binations of strategy, perfect familiarity with the theoretical 
 science of war is requisite. To count upon success when the 
 plans or execution of campaigns are intrusted to men who have 
 no knowledge of war, is as idle as to expect the legal wisdom 
 of a Story or a Kent from a skilful physician. 
 
 But what is the honorable and holy cause for which these 
 men laid down their lives, and for which the nation still de- 
 mands the sacrifice of the precious blood of so many of her 
 children? 
 
 Soon after the close of the Revolutionary War, it was found 
 that the Confederacy, which had grown up during that memor- 
 able contest, was fast falling to pieces from its own weight. 
 The central power was too weak ; it could only recommend 
 
AT WEST POINT 41 
 
 to the different States such measures as seemed best ; and it 
 possessed no real power to legislate, because it lacked the ex- 
 ecutive force to compel obedience to its laws. The national 
 credit and self-respect had disappeared, and it was feared by 
 the friends of human liberty throughout the world that ours was 
 but another added to the long list of fruitless attempts at self- 
 government. The nation was evidently upon the brink of ruin 
 and dissolution, when, some eighty years ago, many of the 
 wisest and most patriotic of the land met to seek a remedy for 
 the great evils which threatened to destroy the great work of 
 the Revolution. Their sessions were long, and often stormy; 
 for a time the most sanguine doubted tlie possibility of a 
 successful termination to their labors. But, from amidst 
 the conflict of sectional interests, of party prejudices, and of 
 personal selfishness, the spirit of wisdom and conciliation at 
 length evoked the Constitution, under which we have lived so 
 long. 
 
 It was not formed in a day, but was the result of patient 
 labor, of lofty wisdom, and of the purest patriotism. It was 
 at last adopted by the people of all the States although by 
 some reluctantly not as being exactly what all desired, but 
 as being the best possible under the circumstances. It was 
 accepted as giving us a form of government under which the 
 nation might live happily and prosper, so long as the people 
 should continue to be influenced by the same sentiments which 
 actuated those who formed it, and which would not be liable 
 to destruction from internal causes, so long as the people pre- 
 served the recollection of the miseries and calamities which led 
 to its adoption. 
 
 Under this beneficent Constitution the progress of the na- 
 tion was unexampled in history. The rights and liberties of 
 its citizens were secure at home and abroad ; vast territories 
 were rescued from the control of the savage and the wild 
 beast, and added to the domain of civilization and the Union. 
 
42 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 The arts, the sciences, and commerce, grew apace ; our flag 
 floated upon every sea, and we took our place among the great 
 nations of the earth. 
 
 But under the smooth surface of prosperity upon which we 
 glided swiftly, with all sails set before the summer breeze, 
 dangerous reefs were hidden which now and then caused rip- 
 ples upon the surface, and made anxious the more cautious 
 pilots. Elated by success, the ship swept on, the crew not 
 heeding the warnings they received, forgetful of the dangers 
 they escaped in the beginning of the voyage, and blind to the 
 hideous maelstrom which gaped to receive and destroy them. 
 The same elements of discordant sectional prejudices, interests, 
 and institutions, which had rendered the formation of the Con- 
 stitution so difficult, threatened more than once to destroy it. 
 But for a long time the nation was so fortunate as to possess a 
 series of political leaders who, to the highest abilities, united 
 the same spirit of conciliation which animated the founders of 
 the Republic, and thus for many years the threatened evils 
 were averted. Time and long-continued good fortune obliter- 
 ated the recollection of the calamities and wretchedness of the 
 years preceding the adoption of the Constitution. Men for- 
 got that conciliation, common interest, and mutual charity, 
 had been the foundation and must be the support of our govern- 
 ment as is indeed the case with all governments and all the 
 relations of life. At length men appeared with whom sec- 
 tional and personal prejudices and interests outweighed all con- 
 siderations for the general good. Extremists of one section 
 furnished the occasion, eagerly seized as a pretext by equally 
 extreme men in the other, for abandoning the pacific remedies 
 and protection afforded by the Constitution, and seeking re- 
 dress for possible future evils in war and the destruction of the 
 Union. 
 
 Stripped of all sophistry and side issues, the direct cause of 
 the war as it presented itself to the honest and patriotic citi- 
 
AT WEST POINT 
 
 43 
 
 zens of the North, was simply this : Certain States, or rather, 
 a portion of the inhabitants of certain States, feared, or pro- 
 fessed to fear, that injury would result to their rights and prop- 
 erty from the elevation of a particular party to power. Al- 
 though the Constitution and the actual condition of the govern- 
 ment provided them with a peaceable and sure protection 
 against the apprehended evil, they preferred to seek security in 
 the destruction of the government, which could protect them, 
 and in the use of force against the national troops holding a 
 national fortress. 
 
 To efface the insult offered our flag ; to save ourselves from 
 the fate of the divided republics of Italy and South America, 
 to preserve our government from destruction, to enforce its 
 just power and laws, to maintain our very existence as a 
 nation these were the causes that compelled us to draw the 
 sword. 
 
 Rebellion against a government like ours, which contains the 
 means of self-adjustment, and a pacific remedy for evils, should 
 never be confounded with a revolution against despotic power, 
 which refuses redress of wrongs. Such a rebellion cannot be 
 justified upon ethical grounds, and the only alternative for our 
 choice is its suppression, or the destruction of our nationality. 
 At such a time as this, and in such a struggle, political partisan- 
 ship should be merged in a true and brave patriotism, which 
 thinks only of the good of the whole country. 
 
 It was in this cause, and with these motives, that so many of 
 our comrades gave their lives, and to this we are all person- 
 ally pledged in all honor and fidelity. Shall such a devotion as 
 that of our dead comrades be of no avail ? Shall it be said in 
 after ages that we lacked the vigor to complete the work 
 thus begun ? that, after all these noble lives freely given, we 
 hesitated, and failed to keep straight on until our land was saved ? 
 Forbid it, Heaven, and give us firmer, truer hearts than that ! 
 
 Oh, spirits of the valiant dead, souls of our slain heroes, lend 
 
44 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 us your own indomitable will, and if it be permitted you to 
 commune with those still chained by the trammels of mortality, 
 hover around us in the midst of danger and tribulation, cheer 
 the firm, strengthen the weak, that none may doubt the salvation 
 of the republic and the triumph of our grand old flag ! 
 
 In the midst of the storms which toss our ship of state, there 
 is one great beacon light, to which we can ever turn with con- 
 fidence and hope. It cannot be that this great nation has played 
 its part in history ; it cannot be that our sun, which arose with 
 such bright promises for the future, has already set for ever. It 
 must be the intention of the overruling Deity that this land, so 
 long the asylum of the oppressed, the refuge of civil and re- 
 ligious liberty, shall again stand forth in bright relief, united, 
 purified, and chastened by our trials, as an example and en- 
 couragement for those who desire the progress of the human 
 race. It is not given to our weak intellects to understand the 
 steps of Providence as they occur ; we comprehend them only 
 as we look upon them in the far distant past. 
 
 So is it now. 
 
 We cannot unravel the seemingly tangled skein ot the pur- 
 poses of the Creator they are too high and far-reaching for 
 our limited minds. But all history and his own revealed word 
 teach us that his ways, although inscrutable, are ever righteous. 
 Let us then honestly and manfully play our part, seek to un- 
 derstand and perform our whole duty, and trust unwaveringly 
 in the beneficence of the God who led our ancestors across the 
 sea, and sustained them afterward, amid dangers more appalling 
 even than those encountered by his own chosen people in their 
 great exodus. He did not bring us here in vain, nor has he 
 supported us thus far for naught. If we do our duty and trust 
 in him, he will not desert us in our need. 
 
 Firm in our faith that God will save our country, we now 
 dedicate this site to the memory of brave men, to loyalty, pa- 
 triotism, and honor. 
 
AT WEST POINT 45 
 
 BENEDICTION. 
 
 May the God of our fathers and our God, succeed with his 
 divine benediction the solemn and interesting services of this 
 occasion. May he conduct, by his gracious providence, the 
 work commenced to-day to successful completion. May the 
 monument here to be raised in honor of the illustrious dead, 
 inspire with all the ardor of a sound Christian patriotism, the 
 soldiers of our common country here trained for its defence ; 
 may it prove to them a constant remembrancer of their mortality, 
 and keep alive upon the altar of their hearts the flame of devo- 
 tion to God, to country, to the Union, the Constitution, and 
 the immutable principles of truth and justice ; and may the 
 blessing of the triune God, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, 
 be with you all. Amen. 
 
46 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 West Point, N. Y., October 20, 1864. 
 
 On the call of the Secretary of the Association, 
 First Lieutenant C. C. Parsons, 4th Artillery, a 
 meeting of the officers of the Army, present at the 
 Post, was held, for the transaction of such busi- 
 ness in regard to the " Battle Monument " as might 
 be brought before them. Prof. H. L. Kendrick 
 in the chair. 
 
 The Secretary having been ordered from the 
 Post, his resignation was tendered and accepted, 
 and upon motion Captain F. L. Guenther, 5th 
 Artillery, was elected to fill the vacancy thus oc- 
 curring. 
 
 Upon motion, it was Resolved. That all officers 
 of the Army, present at the Post, on duty or other- 
 wise, be constituted a "Monument Committee." 
 A motion that the Executive Committee of the 
 Association should consist of the President, Trea- 
 surer and Secretary, and eight other members, was 
 adopted. 
 
 Upon motion, the following officers were elected 
 to constitute the Executive Committee, viz. : 
 
 Brig.-Gen. Geo. W. Cullum, President 
 
 Professor A. E. Church, treasurer 
 
 Captain F. L. Guenther, 5th Artillery, Secretary 
 
 Colonel H. M. Black 
 
 Captain George H. Mendall, U. S. Engineers 
 
 Captain Lorenzo Lorain, 3d Artillery 
 
AT WEST POINT 47 
 
 Captain A. K. Arnold, ^th Cavalry 
 
 Captain A. T. Smith, 8th Infantry 
 
 Captain R. M. Hill, Ordnance Department 
 
 Lieut. H. B. Noble, 8th Infantry 
 
 Assistant Surgeon E. S. Dunster, Medical Dept. 
 
 Upon motion, it was 
 
 Resolved. That the thanks of the Association 
 be tendered to the retiring Secretary, First Lieut. 
 C. C. Parsons, 4th Artillery, for the zealous and 
 able manner in which he has performed the duties 
 of his office. 
 
 There being no further business before it, the 
 meeting, upon motion, adjourned to meet again 
 on the call of the Secretary. 
 
 F. L, Guenther, Captain _fth Artillery, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 At some time not shown by the record an invi- 
 tation to submit designs for the monument was 
 issued by the Committee on Design. To what 
 extent responses were obtained and what their 
 character does not appear. 
 
 The invitation was as follows : 
 
 The BATTLE MONUMENT EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE will receive 
 DESIGNS for the MONUMENT TO BE ERECTED AT WEST POINT, 
 N. Y., to the Memory of the OFFICERS and ENLISTED MEN of 
 the REGULAR ARMY who shall have fallen during the present 
 war, as follows : 
 
 Sufficient expanse of surface is required to receive inscrip- 
 tions of the name, rank, place of decease, etc., etc., of all 
 
48 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Officers of the Regular Army who shall have fallen during the 
 war, and a general tablet for the enlisted men. 
 
 In connection with the monument, should be embraced a plan 
 for a mausoleum, or place of interment, for the remains of such 
 officers as may be brought to West Point for burial. 
 
 Full drawings, with the usual details, must be made, accom- 
 panied by an estimate of the cost this not to exceed $25,000. 
 A premium of $250 will be paid for the design which is 
 finally accepted. 
 
 It is desirable that designs be sent in as early as possible, 
 in order that they may be carefully considered before a selec- 
 tion is made. 
 
 Further particulars may be obtained by addressing the Secre- 
 tary at West Point, N. Y. 
 
 A. H. Bowman, Col. of Engrs., Chairman , 
 H. B. Clitz, Lieut. -Col. and Comdt., 
 W. A. Elderkin, First Lieut, ist Art., 
 
 Committee on Design. 
 C. C. Parsons, First Lieut. 4th Art., Secretary. 
 
 During the period from October, 1864, until the 
 call of General Schofield of Sept. 9, 1878, the funds 
 of the Association had been gradually accumulat- 
 ing under the admirable management of the Trea- 
 surer, Professor Church. Upon his death a meeting 
 was called pursuant to the following circular : 
 
 U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y., 
 
 September 9, 1878. 
 
 All officers of the army on duty at West Point 
 are requested to attend a meeting at the Officers' 
 
AT WEST POINT 49 
 
 Mess at 7.30 this evening to transact important 
 business appertaining to the Battle Monument Asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 A full attendance is respectfully desired. 
 
 J. M. Schofield, 
 Major-General and Superintendent. 
 
 This meeting of the officers of the Army on 
 duty at West Point was held in the Officers' Mess 
 at 7.30 P. M. Monday, the gth of September, 1878, 
 Major-General J. M. Schofield, Superintendent and 
 ex-officio President of the Battle Monument As- 
 sociation, in the chair. 
 
 The President stated the object of the meeting 
 to be to elect officers and fill vacancies upon the 
 Executive Committee occasioned by death and by 
 removal from the Post. 
 
 On motion the following officers were unani- 
 mously elected an Executive Committee in addi- 
 tion to 
 
 ist. Major-General J. M. Schofield, Superinten- 
 dent, President. 
 
 2d. Lieut.-Colonel Thos. H. Neill, 6th Cav- 
 alry, Commandant of Cadets \_Ex-qfficw 
 members], viz: 
 3d. Professor Peter S. Michie. 
 
 4th. Professor George L. Andrews (^treasurer). 
 
 5th. Professor Junius B. Wheeler. 
 
 6th. Professor Charles W. Larned. 
 
 
50 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 yth. Professor Edgar W. Bass. 
 8th. Professor Guido N. Lieber. 
 gth. Surgeon Charles T. Alexander, 
 loth. First Lieut. Eric Burgland, Corps of En- 
 gineers. 
 
 nth. Captain William M. Wherry, 6th Infan- 
 try, Secretary. 
 
 On motion Professor George L. Andrews was 
 unanimously elected Treasurer, and Colonel Wil- 
 liam M. Wherry, Secretary. On motion it was 
 Resolved^ That the Treasurer be directed to invest 
 the funds of the association in U. S. registered 
 bonds. 
 
 The Secretary was directed to furnish the "Army 
 and Navy Journal " with a transcript of the record 
 of these proceedings for publication. 
 On motion the meeting was adjourned. 
 J. M. Schofield, Major-General, 
 
 President. 
 Wm. M. Wherry, Bvt.-Colonel, U. S. A., 
 
 Secretary. 
 ****** 
 
 The first attempt to open the question of erec- 
 tion was made in the meeting of Oct. 22, 1885, 
 called by General Merritt. 
 
 West Point, N. Y., Thursday, Oct. 22, 1885. 
 Proceedings of a meeting of the officers of the 
 army stationed at West Point, N. Y., pursuant to 
 
AT WEST POINT 51 
 
 a call of the Superintendent, Col. W. Merritt, 5th 
 Regiment of Cavalry. 
 
 The meeting was called to order by Professor 
 Michie. 
 
 On motion of Prof. Michie, Gen. Merritt was 
 elected Chairman ; Lieut. G. B. Davis was appointed 
 Secretary by the Chair. At the request of the 
 Chairman, Professor Geo. L. Andrews, the Treas- 
 urer of the Battle Monument Association, made an 
 informal statement of the amount of the Monu- 
 ment fund. Lieut. W. C. Brown, Adjutant of the 
 Military Academy, announced that he had in his 
 possession the " Record of Proceedings of the Bat- 
 tle Monument Association." At the request of 
 the Chairman, the record was produced by Lieut. 
 Brown, and its contents were read by the Secretary. 
 
 The Chairman stated the purpose of the meet- 
 ing to be to take some steps looking to the increase 
 of the fund, and the erection of the Monument. 
 
 A motion that a committee of seven members 
 be selected by the Chairman to investigate and 
 report upon the question of erecting a monument 
 was withdrawn. 
 
 A motion that the Executive Committee be di- 
 rected to fill its vacancies, and report, was also 
 withdrawn. 
 
 The Superintendent announced that he would 
 call a meeting of the Executive Committee, at an 
 early day, for the purpose of filling its vacancies 
 
52 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 and acting upon questions connected with the erec- 
 tion of the Monument. 
 
 On motion, the meeting then adjourned. 
 
 W. Merritt, Colonel 5th Cavalry, 
 Brevet Major-General, U. S. A., 
 
 ^ -o TA President. 
 
 Geo. B. Davis, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 Nothing, however, was done towards actual re- 
 alization of the project until the administration of 
 Col. John M. Wilson as superintendent of the 
 Academy. Deeming the time ripe for a move- 
 ment in the matter, he addressed the following to 
 the Treasurer of the Association : 
 
 Headquarters U. S. Military Academy, 
 
 West Point, N. Y., October 21, 1889. 
 General Geo. L. Andrews, 
 
 Treasurer Battle Monument Association. 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 Yours of the 2ist instant, expressing a desire to resign the 
 Treasurership of the Battle Monument Association is just 
 received. 
 
 Will you please send me the list of subscribers to the Monu- 
 ment, if in your possession ? If you have not the list, please 
 inform me where it can be found. 
 
 I will at once enter into correspondence with such of the 
 original subscribers as may be living and obtain their views as 
 to what they would prefer in the shape of a Monument. 
 
 For myself, I think it might be well to use the fund either 
 for the enlargement of the present Chapel, or the construction 
 
AT WEST POINT 53 
 
 of a memorial hall in which would appear mural tablets giving 
 the names of the officers who lost their lives in the defense of 
 the Union. 
 
 As soon as I can get the views of those subscribers still living 
 I will call a meeting of the officers here. 
 
 In the meantime may I ask you, for the present, to continue 
 to hold the position of Treasurer which you have so acceptably 
 filled for the past ten years ? 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 JOHN M. WILSON, Colonel of Engineers, 
 Superintendent. 
 
 The following is the letter of General Andrews 
 referred to : 
 
 U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y., 
 
 Oct. 21, 1889. 
 
 Colonel John M. Wilson, 
 
 Superintendent U. S. Military Academy, 
 
 President of the Battle Monument Association. 
 Dear Sir : 
 
 Some time near the close of our Civil War, an association 
 was formed at West Point for the purpose of having a monu- 
 ment erected here to the Officers of the Regular Army who fell 
 in that war. The late Professor Church was elected Treasurer, 
 and subscriptions were invited and received. The formation 
 of the Association seems to have been somewhat loosely made ; 
 but on the decease of Professor Church in 1878, General Scho- 
 field, then Superintendent, as ex-officio President of the Asso- 
 ciation, called a meeting of the officers here stationed, who, it 
 seems, constitute the Association. At that meeting I was 
 elected Treasurer, and directed by vote of the members present 
 to invest the funds and income of the Association in U. S. 
 
 4A 
 
54 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Registered Bonds. Another meeting was called by General 
 Merritt when Superintendent to consider what should be done 
 in regard to the Monument, but no decisive action was taken. 
 The funds now in my hands as Treasurer are : 
 
 U. S. Currency 6 per cent. Bonds, par, 
 U. S. 4 per cent. Registered Bonds, par, 
 
 Total, .... $50,300 
 
 At the present market rate these Bonds would sell for about 
 $63,500. 
 
 t There were also donated by Act of Congress to Professor 
 Church, Treasurer of the " Battle Monument Committee," fifty 
 bronze cannon. These cannon were left stored at the New 
 York Arsenal, Governor's Island, having been, as I understood, 
 virtually delivered to Professor Church. However, more than 
 a year ago, I was informed that unless the cannon were removed 
 there was danger that they would be delivered to other parties. 
 I wrote to General Benet, and learned from him that a new 
 application for the cannon must be made, accompanied by evi- 
 dence of authority for the new Treasurer to receive the same. 
 I stated the case orally to General Parke, then Superintendent, 
 but he was disinclined to do anything about the matter, and 
 nothing further was done. 
 
 The foregoing statement is made agreeably to your oral re- 
 quest, and I would add that I wish to resign as soon as may be 
 the position of Treasurer of the Association which I now hold. 
 It is desirable that the new Treasurer be elected so that the trans- 
 fer of bonds may be made before the books are closed for this 
 quarter. 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 GEO. L. ANDREWS, 
 Treasurer Battle Monument Association. 
 
AT WEST POINT 55 
 
 The following are the guns above described by 
 Professor Andrews : 
 
 50 Cannon, Bronze, reserved at N. Y. Arsenal for Battle 
 Monument. 
 
 15 12-pounder Field Guns, heavy, . . . U. S. 26,607 
 
 1 12 " **- u . Rebel trophy, i,375 
 
 1 6 24 " Howitzers . * .. . U. S. 20,891 
 
 2 24 " " " . Rebel trophies, 2,567 
 6 32 " " , " . . . . U. S. 11,457 
 5 24 " Boat Howitzers, .... " 6,502 
 
 212 " Rifled Guns, James, 3,180 
 
 212 " Field Guns, Light, Rebel trophies, 2,400 
 
 i 1 8 " Gun, Austrian, . " trophy, 2,514 
 
 Total, 77,493 
 
 The next step of Colonel Wilson was the issue 
 of this 
 
 CIRCULAR. 
 
 Headquarters U. S. Military Academy, 
 
 West Point, N. Y., October 29, 1889. 
 
 About a quarter of a century ago a number of officers and 
 enlisted men, together with a few citizens, subscribed for a 
 Battle Monument to be erected at West Point, in memory of 
 the officers and enlisted men of the Regular Army who fell in 
 the defense of the Union during the late war. 
 
 Of the seven or eight hundred officers who subscribed only 
 about one hundred and sixty still remain in the Army. 
 
 The fund now amounts to $50,300.00 in United States 
 Bonds, the value of which, if sold to-day, would be about 
 #63,000.00. 
 
56 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 The Superintendent of the Military Academy finds himself, 
 ex officio, President of the Battle Monument Association. 
 
 It certainly seems as if action in this matter should no longer 
 be delayed, and that some use should be made of the fund before 
 all of the subscribers shall have passed away. 
 
 The Military Academy Chapel is too small, and its present 
 condition for lack of means to improve it is not creditable to 
 the Academy. A larger place of worship is needed, and also a hall 
 where important ceremonies can take place, similar to those in- 
 cident to the recent presentation of portraits. 
 
 The Superintendent suggests either the enlargement of the 
 present Chapel, and placing therein mural tablets in memory of 
 our fallen heroes, or the erection of a memorial hall with simi- 
 lar tablets on Trophy Point. 
 
 The views of all surviving subscribers upon the subject are 
 
 invited. 
 
 JOHN M. WILSON, Colonel of Engineers, 
 
 President Battle Monument Association. 
 
 Out of 60 responses to this Circular now on file 
 the expression of opinion regarding the character 
 of the memorial is as follows : 
 
 In favor of a Memorial Hall 25 
 
 " " " a Monument 16 
 
 " " " an Addition to Chapel . * . . 9 
 
 " a New Chapel 5 
 
 No choice 5 
 
 West Point, N. Y., January 16, 1890. 
 
 At this time the Executive Committee of the 
 Battle Monument consisted of the following 
 named officers: 
 
AT WEST POINT 57 
 
 Col. John M. Wilson, Supt. M. A., ex officio, 
 President. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. H. S. Hawkins, Commandant of 
 Cadets, ex officio. 
 
 Prof. Geo. L. Andrews, 
 treasurer. 
 
 Prof. P. S. Michie, Prof. Chas. W. Lamed, 
 
 Prof. E. W. Bass, Prof. Wm. Winthrop, 
 
 Prof. James Mercur, Surg. H. R. Tilton, 
 
 Capt. Geo. McC. Derby, Lieut. Charles Braden. 
 
 And their sentiment being favorable, a meeting 
 was called to decide upon the question of imme- 
 diate action. 
 
 West Point, N. Y., January 22, 1890. 
 
 Colonel Wilson briefly stated the object of the 
 meeting and gave a short history of the Battle 
 Monument Association from its organization in 
 1863 to the present time. 
 
 Professor Geo. L. Andrews tendered his resigna- 
 tion as Treasurer of the Association and submitted 
 a statement of the condition of the fund. 
 
 Professor Andrews' resignation was accepted and 
 it was unanimously voted to extend the thanks of 
 the Association to Professor Andrews for his ser- 
 vices as Treasurer during the past twelve years. 
 
58 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Professor Edgar W. Bass was unanimously 
 elected Treasurer of the Association. 
 
 A letter from Major George B. Davis, the 
 former Secretary, was read, giving a brief account 
 of the object of the Association and facts relating 
 to the subscribers to the fund. 
 
 After remarks by several of the officers present, 
 the following resolution offered by Major Spurgin 
 was adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That the Executive Committee be 
 instructed to carry out the original intention of 
 the subscribers to the fund, or take such action 
 as they may deem expedient. 
 
 The following resolution was adopted : 
 
 Resolved^ That the Treasurer be requested to 
 correspond with the Chief of Ordnance and secure 
 as soon as possible the fifty bronze cannon men- 
 tioned in Professor Andrews' report, and which 
 are now stored at the Arsenal on Governor's 
 Island, N. Y. 
 
 The Chairman announced that he would call a 
 meeting of the Executive Committee at an early 
 day to act upon the business of erecting a suitable 
 monument. 
 
AT WEST POINT 59 
 
 MEETING OF FEBRUARY 18, 1890. 
 
 The meeting called by Colonel Wilson for February 1 8th 
 marks the first Executive Act of the Association in 
 pursuance of its purpose. The Committee ap- 
 pointed at this meeting formulated a line 
 of action which was subsequently 
 adopted and resulted in the erec- 
 tion of the Battle Monument. 
 
 West Point, N. Y., February 18, 1890. 
 
 Pursuant to a call by Colonel J. M. Wilson, 
 President, issued February 17, 1890, the Execu- 
 tive Committee of the Battle Monument Asso- 
 ciation met at the Superintendent's quarters at 
 7.15P.M. 
 
 Present. 
 
 ColonelJohnM. Wilson, Prof. Jas. Mercur, 
 Lt.-Col. H. S. Hawkins, Prof. P. S. Michie, 
 Prof. G. L. Andrews, Prof. C. W. Larned, 
 Prof. E. W. Bass, Prof. Wm. Winthrop, 
 
 Surg. H. R. Tilton. 
 
 The Chair stated that the object of the meeting 
 was to take preliminary steps towards inviting 
 designs for the Battle Monument to be erected 
 at West Point, N. Y. 
 
 After informal discussion, on motion of Pro- 
 fessor Bass, a committee was appointed by the 
 Chair to consider and prepare a circular, or to 
 
 
60 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 determine what other action might be preferable, 
 in order to invite designs for the monument; it 
 was understood that the members of this Com- 
 mittee would personally consult, upon their next 
 visit to New York, with distinguished sculptors, 
 etc., as to the best method of procedure in the 
 matter. 
 
 The Chair appointed as the Committee : 
 
 Prof. P. S. Michie, Prof. C. W. Larned, 
 
 Prof. E. W. Bass. 
 
 There being no further business before the 
 Committee, the meeting adjourned at 8.15 P. M. 
 
 John M. Wilson, Colonel of Engineers, 
 
 President of Association. 
 Charles Braden, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 Subsequent to the foregoing meeting the fol- 
 lowing authorization was received from the Adju- 
 tant-General : 
 
 War Department, 
 
 Adjutant-General's Office, 
 Washington, February 2ist, 1890. 
 Sir: 
 
 Your communication of the zoth instant, concerning the 
 erection at West Point, by the Battle Monument Association, 
 of a Monument to the memory of the officers and enlisted 
 men of the Regular Army of the U. S. who were killed or 
 died of wounds received in action during the war of the rebel- 
 lion, has been laid before the Secretary of War, who instructs 
 
AT WEST POINT 61 
 
 me to inform you that the Association is granted permission 
 to proceed with the work of erecting a monument on Trophy 
 Point. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 J. C. KELTON, 
 
 Adjutant-General. 
 The Superintendent, 
 
 U. S. Military Academy, 
 
 West Point, N. Y. 
 
 The minutes of the next meeting give the re- 
 port of the sub-committee outlining a method of 
 procedure which governed future action. 
 
 West Point, N. Y., March 8, 1890. 
 
 Pursuant to the call of the President, the Exec- 
 utive Committee met at 7.30 P. M. to-day, in the 
 Superintendent's quarters. 
 
 Present all the members of the Committee, ex- 
 cept Surgeon Tilton and Captain Derby. 
 
 The minutes of the last meeting were read and 
 approved. 
 
 Surgeon Henry McElderry was elected a mem- 
 ber of the Executive Committee in place of Sur- 
 geon Tilton, relieved from* duty at West Point. 
 
 The Committee appointed at the meeting held 
 February 18 being called upon for a report, the 
 following was read by Professor Lamed : 
 
 Report of the Committee of the Battle Monu- 
 ment Association appointed to prepare a plan of 
 procedure. 
 
6z THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Your Committee, after some consideration of 
 the matter intrusted to them, concluded to visit 
 New York and seek the advice of sculptors and 
 architects of established reputation. A consulta- 
 tion with Mr. Augustus St. Gaudens, the leading 
 sculptor of America, confirmed the Committee in 
 its opinion that the conditions governing the erec- 
 tion of this Monument, i. e., the number of indi- 
 viduals commemorated by it, the conspicuous na- 
 ture of the site, and the limited funds available, re- 
 quire that it should be mainly architectural in its 
 character, and that the sculptural features should be 
 subordinate or accessory. A single figure or group 
 of figures of life size would be, in such a place 
 and for such a purpose, inadequate, unless placed 
 upon a pediment or substructure of considerable 
 dimensions, which would also be necessitated by 
 the commemorative inscriptions. So placed, the 
 statuary would appear insignificant unless of heroic 
 size, in which case the cost would be largely 
 beyond the limit of our resources. An architec- 
 tural structure, however, of such dimensions as to 
 be dignified, and accord with the surroundings, 
 with sculptural accessories in the round or in re- 
 lief, and decorative tablets, can be erected within 
 the specified amount. 
 
 An examination of the results of many public 
 and general competitions shows that they rarely if 
 ever give satisfaction either to the competitors or 
 
AT WEST POINT 63 
 
 their clients, and that the feeling is so strong 
 against them among architects of high reputation 
 that they generally decline to enter them. This 
 is due largely to the fact that they are forced to 
 bring their labor and reputations into competition 
 with those of inferior men, and to submit to the 
 judgment of incompetent critics. In a private 
 and selected competition properly conducted, these 
 objections can be avoided, to the great saving of 
 time and friction and with a great gain in the 
 standard of result. Your Committee, therefore, 
 conclude it wise to recommend the adoption of 
 the method of private and selected competition, 
 and to choose for such competition, with proper 
 advice, three or four of the architectural firms of 
 the country having the highest artistic reputation. 
 With these convictions your Committee visited 
 the office of Messrs. Babb, Cook and Willard, the 
 leading member of the firm having been most 
 highly indorsed by Mr. St. Gaudens as perhaps 
 the most talented of our architects, and laid be- 
 fore these gentlemen the commission intrusted to 
 it, with the request that they would advise as to 
 the course most likely to give the most satisfactory 
 results to all concerned. These gentlemen con- 
 sented to draw up, after sufficient time for consul- 
 tation, a memorandum embodying the more im- 
 portant features of such a competition, and to for- 
 ward it to your Committee. This they have done, 
 
64 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 and upon this outline as a basis your Committee 
 has prepared the accompanying scheme for your 
 approval. 
 
 It, therefore, recommends for adoption the fol- 
 lowing resolution : 
 
 Resolved. 1st. That the Monument shall be 
 mainly architectural in character, with such sculp- 
 tural accessories as shall be deemed fitting and 
 appropriate by the designer. 
 
 2d. That it shall afford proper space for the 
 necessary inscriptions commemorative of its pur- 
 pose. 
 
 3d. That it shall be of sufficient height to 
 give dignity to its proportions, and to harmonize 
 with its surroundings ; but that its height shall not 
 be a feature of the design, as in the case of a large 
 column or shaft. 
 
 4th. That it be located \ipon Trophy Point, 
 upon a site to be selected by the Building Com- 
 mittee of this Association, of which the Superin- 
 tendent of the Military Academy and the success- 
 ful competitor shall be, for this purpose, members 
 ex officio. 
 
 5th. That the designer shall be chosen by pri- 
 vate selected competition. 
 
 6th. That for this purpose four of the architec- 
 tural firms of this country having high professional 
 reputation shall be invited to compete. 
 
AT WEST POINT 65 
 
 yth. That a Building Committee be appointed 
 consisting of four members of the Executive Com- 
 mittee, which Building Committee shall be author- 
 ized to make all necessary arrangements for such 
 competition, to decide upon the merits of the de- 
 sign, and to supervise, with the Superintendent 
 of the Military Academy, its erection, the Super- 
 intendent becoming for this purpose, ex officio, a 
 member of the Committee, and its Chairman. 
 
 8th. That the Building Committee be author- 
 ized to draw upon the Treasurer of this Associ- 
 ation for all necessary funds, and to audit all 
 the accounts arising from the disbursements con- 
 nected with the work, and to take any and all 
 steps necessary to its completion. 
 
 gth. That, upon the completion of the Monu- 
 ment, the Building Committee the Superinten- 
 dent being, ex officio, a member thereof shall 
 arrange for proper dedication exercises and cere- 
 monies. 
 
 loth. That, upon the selection of the accepted 
 design, a meeting of the Association shall be called 
 and the drawings exhibited. 
 
 nth. That, upon dedication, the Monument 
 shall be presented to the Military Academy of the 
 United States, and shall upon acceptance be turned 
 over to the proper military authorities. 
 
 1 2th. That, upon the completion of these duties, 
 the Building Committee shall turn over to the 
 
 5 
 
66 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 authorities of the Military Academy all vouchers 
 and papers relating to its functions and the action 
 of the Battle Monument Association for file with 
 the records of the Military Academy, and shall be 
 discharged from these functions. 
 
 13th. That the Superintendent be requested to 
 obtain from the authorities at Washington the 
 necessary names and data for inscription upon the 
 monument. 
 
 Peter S. Michie, Prof., U. S. M. A. 
 
 Chas. W. Larned, " 
 
 Edg. W. Bass, 
 
 Professor Larned, at the request of the Chairman 
 of the Committee, described the action of the Com- 
 mittee in its visit to New York, and after some 
 explanatory remarks and an informal discussion 
 submitted the following form for an invitation to 
 compete for the erection of the monument : 
 
 
 
 INVITATION TO COMPETE FOR A 
 
 MONUMENT TO BE ERECTED 
 
 AT WEST POINT, N. Y. 
 
 I. 
 
 This Monument is to commemorate the Officers and Soldiers 
 of the Regular Army killed in the War of the Rebellion. It is 
 to be erected upon the land of the Government reservation at 
 West Point, N. Y., the site being that portion of the plain in 
 
OF THK 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
AT WEST POINT 67 
 
 front of Cadet Barracks commonly known as Trophy Point ; 
 the exact spot to be hereafter designated. 
 
 II. 
 
 The general character of the design is to be architectural with 
 such sculptural accessories as the taste of the designer may 
 deem fitting and appropriate. It is to be of such proportions 
 as to provide for the display of bronze tablets sufficient in num- 
 ber and dimensions for the inscription of the names of 
 officers and the designation by number and regiment of 
 non-commissioned officers and privates. 
 
 The material is to be stone and bronze, the nature of the 
 stone being optional with the designer. 
 
 III. 
 
 The funds available for this construction, proper, are $50,- 
 ooo in cash. There are, also, at the disposal of the Asso- 
 ciation fifty (50) bronze cannon which may be employed in 
 any way deemed proper, presented for the purpose by the fol- 
 lowing Joint Resolution of Congress : 
 
 Joint Resolution (No. 37), approved April 28, 1870. 
 
 Resolved, &c., &c., &c., That the Secretary of War 
 is hereby authorized and directed to deliver to Pro- 
 fessor A. E. CHURCH, Treasurer of the Battle Monu- 
 ment Committee, fifty bronze guns captured from the 
 rebels, to be used in the construction of a monument 
 at West Point, New York, in memory of the officers 
 and soldiers of the regular army who fell in the late 
 war, and in the ornamentation of the grounds around 
 said monument. 16 Stats, at Large, 373. 
 
 IV. 
 
 You are invited to submit to this Committee of the Battle 
 Monument Association at West Point a design for the above 
 
68 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 described monument in competition with those of the following 
 named firms of architects : 
 
 on or before September I5th, 1890, under the following con- 
 ditions : 
 
 V. 
 CONDITIONS. 
 
 1st. The design to be shown in the following drawings : 
 
 1. A Perspective view in color or mono-tint, at your option, 
 on a sheet not smaller than 34x48 inches, in proper relative 
 proportion. 
 
 2. A Plan. 
 
 3. Elevation of the principal front to scale of \" to 4' in 
 line. 
 
 Should any of the other fronts possess special features of im- 
 portance, separate elevations in pencil to same scale showing 
 these features should be submitted with principal drawings. 
 
 Each drawing is to be marked with a motto or device, and 
 the whole sent in a sealed package, accompanied by a sealed 
 envelope containing name, and marked with device on out- 
 side, to the chairman of this Committee, Professor PETER S. 
 MICHIE, U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y. A com- 
 plete description of the design with explanation of its material 
 and construction should accompany the drawings. 
 
 zd. For the purpose of selection only, the Committee will 
 associate with itself three gentlemen sculptors or architects 
 to be chosen from a list of names submitted by the com- 
 petitors themselves, each competitor submitting three, not more 
 than one to be taken from the list of any one firm. These as- 
 sociates for the purpose named shall each have a full vote, and 
 the result of the vote shall be decisive as to the selection or re- 
 jection of the designs submitted. 
 
AT WEST POINT 69 
 
 3d. No designs other than those submitted by the firms 
 named in the list above given shall be admitted in this com- 
 petition, nor shall any designs from any source be considered by 
 the Committee until after the decision in this instance. After 
 the decision the rejected designs will be returned to their re- 
 spective owners, and no use in any way will be made of them 
 or any of their features unless by arrangement with and consent 
 of the owner. 
 
 The accepted design is to become the property of the Asso- 
 ciation, and the construction of the monument is to be in the 
 hands and under the direction of the successful competitor, who 
 shall be responsible for its proper and satisfactory completion 
 according to the terms of the detailed specifications and draw- 
 ings accepted. 
 
 It shall be the right of the Superintendent of the Military 
 Academy to appoint a competent officer who shall inspect the 
 work during its progress, and who shall have the power, by di- 
 rection of the Superintendent, to require a conformity in all 
 particulars with the requirements of the specifications. He 
 shall have the right, as above, to stop work at any stage of pro- 
 gress should he discover any failure on the part of contractors to 
 fulfil such requirements, until the architect can enforce them. 
 His function shall not be construed to interfere in any way with 
 the freedom of action of the architect, or of any person deputed 
 by him to represent him as supervisor or clerk of the work. 
 
 The sum of two hundred and fifty dollars ($250.00) will 
 be paid to each competitor as a compensation for time and labor 
 in the preparation of the designs submitted in competition, except 
 that the successful competitor shall receive the usual compensa- 
 tion of 5 per cent, upon the total cost of the monument, which 
 sum shall include cost of all drawings prepared by him. 
 
 Should the nature of the design involve special sculptural 
 features requiring separate and original designing by the archi- 
 tects, special arrangements for compensation will be made. 
 
70 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Sculptural designs not furnished by architect must be contracted 
 for by him, and paid out of the fund for general cost of monu- 
 ment as part of the regular expenses. 
 
 4th. The design must be carefully calculated to come within 
 the limits of the amount available for construction, as the cost 
 of the monument can in no case exceed fifty thousand dollars, ex- 
 clusive of the value of the bronze guns. To this end an esti- 
 mate of cost should accompany each design, and upon acceptance 
 a detailed estimate of cost must be submitted to this Committee. 
 Should any excess result in this detailed estimate, or in the bids 
 for construction, the design must be so modified as to come 
 within the required limits. 
 
 5th. The Committee reserve the right to reject all designs 
 under the conditions of payment and return, as specified above. 
 
 6th. For the purpose of definitely locating the site only, the 
 Superintendent of the Military Academy and the successful 
 competitor shall become ex-officio members of the Building 
 Committee, and for the purpose of superintending the con- 
 struction after selection, and the final arrangements for dedica- 
 tion, the Superintendent of the Military Academy becomes a 
 member of the Committee ex ofEcio, and its Chairman. 
 
 VI. 
 
 The Committee herein referred to consists of the following 
 named officers of the Military Academy : 
 
 Professor Peter S. Michie, Chairman. 
 Professor Charles W. Lamed. 
 Professor Edgar W. Bass, Treas. Battle Mon. Ass. 
 Professor James Mercur. 
 
 They are appointed by authority of the Executive Com- 
 mittee of the Battle Monument Association. 
 
 This Association has invested the Executive Committee 
 with full powers for the expenditure of the funds herein de- 
 
AT WEST POINT 71 
 
 scribed, and for the determination of all matters pertaining to 
 the erection of this monument. It has delegated to this Com- 
 mittee authority for action in the premises as above described, 
 and all communications relative to the matter in hand will be 
 addressed to it through its Chairman, Professor Peter S. Michie. 
 
 An informal discussion took place, after which 
 the report of the Committee was accepted, and 
 the Committee discharged from further action. 
 
 The sections were discussed and considered in 
 detail. All were adopted as submitted, except 
 No. 3, which was amended to mean that the prin- 
 cipal view should be " as seen from the plain." 
 
 The following resolution was adopted : 
 
 Resolved. That the Superintendent be requested 
 to name a committee of four to take charge of 
 the building of the Monument, and that after the 
 Committee is appointed and vacancies occur, the 
 other members of the Committee be authorized 
 to fill said vacancies. 
 
 In pursuance of this resolution, the following 
 were appointed members of the Committee : 
 Professor Michie, Professor Larned, Professor Bass 
 and Professor Mercur. 
 
 It was moved and carried that the Committee 
 prepare and send a circular letter to competitors. 
 
 The following resolution was adopted : 
 
72 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 That the Building Committee can change the 
 specifications as it thinks proper, keeping the gen- 
 eral idea of the Monument in view at all times. 
 
 After careful investigation and consultation the 
 following named firms of architects were selected 
 for the competition and a circular letter inclosing 
 a printed copy of the terms of competition was 
 addressed to them by the Secretary of the Build- 
 ing Committee : Babb, Cook & Willard, New 
 York City ; Carrere & Hastings, New York City ; 
 McKim, Mead & White, New York City ; and 
 R. W. Emerson, Boston, Mass. The circular letter 
 contained the following paragraphs: 
 
 The history of the action of which this proposed competi- 
 tion is the outcome is briefly as follows : 
 
 During the War of the Rebellion certain officers of the regu- 
 lar army stationed at West Point conceived the idea of com- 
 memorating their brother officers of the regular army killed 
 in that struggle by a monument erected there, and to that 
 end formed an association known as the Battle Monument 
 Association, with headquarters at the Military Academy. 
 Letters were sent out to all officers of the regular army in- 
 viting contributions in proportion to the rate of pay received. 
 The fund resulting was placed in the custody of the Treasurer 
 of the Association, invested in government bonds, and has in- 
 creased through accrued interest to its present size. Congress 
 was petitioned to further the project by appropriating a certain 
 number of bronze cannon, and acceded by placing at the dis- 
 posal of the Association fifty bronze guns captured from the 
 
AT WEST POINT 73 
 
 rebels. It was proposed to make the monument commemora- 
 tive as well of the non-commissioned officers and privates, 
 which proposition was adopted with the proviso that the de- 
 scription should be by number and regiment only. The Ex- 
 ecutive Committee of the above described Association, in which 
 was invested plenary power both to act and to expend the 
 funds accrued, in turn has transferred its authority to a Building 
 Committee from which this circular emanates, and which pur- 
 poses to push the project to completion. This monument, 
 therefore, is distinctly commemorative of the officers, non- 
 commissioned officers and privates of the regular army of the 
 United States killed, or who died of wounds received in action, 
 during the War of the Rebellion. 
 
 In regard to the bronze guns available for use in the work, 
 the committee desires it to be understood that they are at the 
 disposition of the architect en masse, to be used to defray the 
 cost in a finished state of all bronze decorations used upon the 
 monument. In other words, the committee conceives it to be 
 a legitimate use of this material to employ it not only as mate- 
 rial, but to defray the cost of its own working and designing. 
 Should, however, the cost of working exceed the value of the 
 guns, the excess will be paid from the general fund. It will 
 follow therefore that the bronze decorations should be a con- 
 siderable feature of the design in order that all of the guns 
 shall be available for use. As these guns are in themselves 
 commemorative and historic, the committee suggests that a cer- 
 tain number of them say ten or more be retained intact 
 for direct decoration in the monument, or as accessories on the 
 plinth and stylobate, or in the grounds in the immediate neigh- 
 borhood. 
 
 The invitation to compete was identical with 
 the form adopted as given above, and, after formal 
 acceptance on the part of the firms addressed, their 
 
74 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 members were invited to visit West Point as the 
 guests of the Building Committee to inspect the 
 site, and an exact location was determined on by 
 a general vote of the Committee and the competi- 
 tors. As the date of competition matured, a se- 
 lection of associates was made by the Building 
 Committee from the list of candidates nominated 
 by the competitors. These associates became, for 
 the purpose of choice, members of the Committee 
 with a full vote, and the action of this jury was 
 final. The names of these gentlemen, who at 
 once most courteously consented to serve, are R. 
 M. Hunt, President American Institute of Archi- 
 tects ; Augustus St. Gaudens ; Arthur Rotch. 
 
 On the date of competition they were invited, as 
 guests of the Building Committee, to visit West 
 Point, where the jury proceeded to examine the 
 drawings. After a long and careful study, a final 
 vote resulted in the selection of the design marked 
 " Monolith " the motto of the firm of McKim, 
 Mead & White. The results of the competition 
 were very gratifying, and the merits of all the de- 
 signs so conspicuous as to render final decision a 
 matter of nice discrimination based upon many 
 considerations. 
 
 Messrs. McKim, Mead & White made the fol- 
 lowing statement regarding their design : 
 
 In preparing the design, we have most carefully considered 
 the object of the monument and the site which it is to occupy. 
 
AT WEST POINT 75 
 
 We believe the monument should be first and foremost a 
 martial one, distinctive in its character and impressive in its de- 
 sign. The beauty of its site and the surroundings seems to us 
 to preclude any bulky or massive treatment, and to suggest rather 
 a treatment where the impression should be produced by height 
 supported by a base which should not interfere with graceful 
 and artistic treatment. For this reason we have adopted as the 
 feature of our design a single monolithic shaft treated in the 
 shape of a memorial column, or column of victory. This form 
 seems to us to be more distinctively martial than any other, and 
 in this form we believe it is possible to obtain impressiveness 
 and dignity without a sacrifice of grace, at the same time pre- 
 serving a distinctively architectural and monumental character. 
 We lay great stress upon these two points, viz. : the necessity 
 of giving the monument a martial character, and the relation of 
 the monument to its site. In our design we have had these two 
 points continually in mind, with results which you must judge. 
 The shaft is a monolith of polished granite forty-six feet high 
 and five feet six inches in diameter. To the best of our belief, 
 it would be the largest polished shaft in the world. It is proposed 
 to surmount it with a figure of Victory, and surround it by eagles 
 a distinct mark of its national character. The shaft rests 
 upon a circular base, surrounded by flights of steps, giving the 
 greatest breadth and dignity possible to the base. The materials 
 are the most enduring granite and bronze. 
 
 We have received an estimate from the most reliable firm 
 known to us upon this monument which comes within the 
 amount available. We submit with this statement a memo- 
 randum specification and copy of this bid. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 " MONOLITH." 
 
76 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 MEMORANDUM OF ESTIMATED COST OF 
 PROPOSED BATTLE MONUMENT. 
 
 Messrs. Norcross Bros.' estimate for granite work, $41,000.00 
 
 Our estimate for figure, 5,000.00 
 
 Our estimate for eagles, 4,000.00 
 
 $50,000.00 
 Value of bronze cannon to cover architects' fees 
 
 and contingencies 5,000.00 
 
 The designs of the other competing firms are shown in the 
 half-tone prints in this report. 
 
 The contract for the erection of the monument 
 was let to Messrs. Norcross Bros., of New York 
 City, and the sculptor for the figure of Fame sur- 
 mounting the shaft, selected by Messrs. McKim, 
 Mead & White and approved by the Building 
 Committee, was Mr. Frederick MacMonnies. The 
 architects desired to make some modifications in 
 the design, and were permitted to do so, the most 
 notable change from the accepted design being the 
 omission of the eagles surrounding the shaft. 
 Owing to various delays incident to changes and 
 modifications of details, the procuring and correc- 
 tion of the lists of names of officers and men, and 
 their casting in bronze tablets, the work progressed 
 somewhat slowly. Instead of the site dedicated by 
 General McClellan in 1864, a new site contiguous 
 to it was selected by the architect and Building 
 
AT WEST POINT 77 
 
 Committee to the east of Trophy Point, and about 
 midway between it and the hotel. 
 
 This site is a very conspicuous one from the 
 river, and this consideration largely determined its 
 selection. 
 
 The quarrying, transportation and erection of so 
 large a mass as the monolithic shaft probably the 
 largest polished monolith in the world are mat- 
 ters of considerable difficulty, requiring very great 
 caution and considerable engineering skill; and 
 the details of the operations involved are fully de- 
 scribed in a separate section. 
 
 By the spring of 1894, the shaft was ready to 
 receive the figure of Fame, and accordingly it was 
 placed in position facing toward the Library Build- 
 ing. It was hoped that the monument would be 
 completed and in readiness for dedication by Octo- 
 ber of this year, and partial preparations for the 
 dedication ceremonies were made. In the mean- 
 while formal criticism of the figure of Fame, in- 
 volving its replacement, having been made by a 
 member of the Committee and acquiesced in by 
 the architect, it was decided that the figure must 
 be replaced. Ultimately the architect offered to 
 assume the entire expense of this change, and a 
 new figure was undertaken at once by Mr. Mac- 
 Monnies. As a necessary consequence, the dedi- 
 cation was postponed and May 31, 1895, selected 
 for the event. Before that time it became evident 
 
78 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 that completion could not be hoped for until later, 
 and the matter was left for future decision. Great 
 difficulty was experienced in securing correctness 
 in the casting of the bronze tablets, and many 
 alterations were demanded before their completion 
 and location on the monument. The lists of 
 names had been carefully prepared in the office of 
 the Adjutant-General of the Army, and afterwards 
 were examined critically by both the Chairman of 
 the Committee and the Treasurer. The lists and 
 tablets were repeatedly checked after casting, and 
 everything done to insure accuracy in the record. 
 Early in May, 1896, the new figure was put in 
 place, but various modifications in the details of 
 the monument and the location of the bronzes 
 rendered it impossible to dedicate in June, as the 
 Committee had hoped to do. It was not until 
 March, 1897, that definite steps were taken to ar- 
 range for the final ceremonies and the date fixed 
 for May 3ist. It was decided to make the event 
 memorable, and, after careful consultation, a list of 
 those to whom invitations were to be extended 
 was prepared. This list is as follows : 
 
 The President of the United States ; 
 
 The Vice-President of the United States ; 
 
 Members of the Cabinet of the President of the United States ; 
 
 The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ; 
 
 The Speaker of the House of Representatives ; 
 
 The General of the Army and all officers of the Regular Army; 
 
 Graduates of the United States Military Academy ; 
 
 Architects, Sculptor and Competing Architects ; 
 
AT WEST POINT 79 
 
 Members of the Selection Committee; 
 
 Veterans of the Regular Army who served in the War of the 
 
 Rebellion ; 
 
 Families of Soldiers commemorated by Monument ; 
 The Commander of the Loyal Legion ; 
 The Commander of the Grand Army ; 
 The Superintendent and Officers of the Naval Academy ; 
 Heads of Bureaus of the Naval Department. 
 
 The invitation was the subject of much careful 
 consideration, and was printed from special type 
 originally cast in Philadelphia in the i8th century. 
 It consisted of four leaves on heavy rough paper 
 with uncut edges, tinted pale buff. On the first 
 or cover page was an artotype of the figure of 
 Fame; on the 3d page the invitation in black 
 and red ink ; on the 5th an artotype of the monu- 
 ment; on the yth the names of the Building Com- 
 mittee and Architects; on the 8th or rear cover 
 was printed the order of the exercises. A special 
 card entitling the holder to a seat was sent with 
 each invitation, the assignment being made upon 
 presentation of this card at the Auditorium. 
 
 The wording of the invitation was as follows, 
 the letters in italics being in red ink : 
 
 ist page. 
 
 The Dedication Ceremonies of the 
 Battle Monument at West Point, 
 
 [Figure of Fame.] 
 
 The thirty-first day of May, 
 
 MD CCC XC VII. 
 
8o THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 THE honor of your presence is 
 requested at West Point, New 
 York, on Monday, May the thirty- 
 first, eighteen hundred and ninety- 
 seven, at half after eleven o'clock, 
 at the dedication of the BATTLE 
 MONUMENT erected in memory 
 of the Officers and Men of the 
 Regular Army of the United States 
 who fell in battle during the War 
 of the Rebellion by their surviving 
 comrades. 
 
 In behalf of the Building Committee^ 
 Charles W. Lamed, Professor 
 
 United States Military Academy ', 
 Secretary. 
 
 THE favor of an early reply is 
 earnestly requested. 
 
 jtb page. 
 
 tfhe Building Committee. 
 
 Colonel Oswald H. Ernst, Corps 
 of Engineers, United States Army, 
 Superintendent of the United States 
 Military Academy, Chairman, ex 
 officio. 
 
 Professor Peter S. Michie, United 
 
AT WEST POINT 81 
 
 States Military Academy, Brevet 
 Lieutenant-Colonel United States 
 Army. 
 
 Professor Charles W. Larned, United 
 States Military Academy ; Secretary. 
 
 Professor Edgar W. Bass, United 
 States Military Academy, Treasurer. 
 
 Colonel John M. Wilson, Corps of 
 Engineers, United States Army, 
 Superintendent of the Military Acad- 
 emy, Chairman Ex-officio from 1890 
 to 1893. 
 
 Professor James Mercur, United 
 States Military Academy, from 
 1890 to 1896, deceased. 
 
 Professor Albert E. Church, United 
 States Military Academy, Treasurer 
 from 1864 to 1878, deceased. * 
 
 Professor George L. Andrews, United 
 States Military Academy, from 1878 
 to 1890, resigned. 
 
 McKim, Mead and White, Architects, 
 
 Frederick W. MacMonnies, Sculptor. 
 
 8tt> page. 
 
 ^fhe Order of the Exercises. 
 Music by the Band of the Military 
 Academy. 
 
82 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 A Prayer by Reverend Herbert 
 Shipman, 
 Chaplain of the Military Academy. 
 
 Presentation to the United States 
 Army by Brigadier-General John 
 M. Wilson, Chief of Engineers, 
 United States Army. 
 
 Acceptance by Lieutenant-General 
 John M. Schofield, Retired, and 
 Presentation to the General Gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 Acceptance by the President of the 
 United States. 
 
 The National Salute. 
 
 The Star Spangled Banner by the 
 Band of the Military Academy. 
 
 Oration by the Honorable David J. 
 Brewer, Associate Justice of the 
 Supreme Court of the United States. 
 
 Handel's Largo by the Band of the 
 Military Academy. 
 
 Benediction by Reverend Herbert 
 Shipman, Chaplain of the Military 
 Academy. 
 
DEDICATION CEREMONIES 
 
 AT 
 
 WEST POINT 
 
DEDICATION CEREMONIES AT 
 WEST POINT. 
 
 CHE morning of the dedication opened wet 
 and threatening, with heavy cloud mists 
 and showers. By ten o'clock, however, 
 the sun broke through the clouds with a su- 
 perb effect of light and shade, and the ceremonies 
 took place without interruption, although the 
 threatening weather kept away a large number 
 of those who would otherwise have attended. 
 The President of the United States had delegated 
 his function in the ceremony to the Secretary of 
 War, who, together with Lieutenant-General J. 
 M. Schofield, formerly Commanding the Army; 
 Brigadier-General J. M. Wilson, Chief of Engi- 
 neers ; and Justice D. J. Brewer, of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States, had arrived on the 
 previous day. The Corps of Cadets were marched 
 under arms to the Auditorium and occupied seats 
 6A 
 
86 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 in rear. The members of the distinguished party 
 who were to take part in the ceremonies were 
 escorted in carriages by the Superintendent and 
 members of the Academic Board to the rostrum, 
 which was occupied also by others of conspicuous 
 rank or service. 
 
 The circular grand stand, designed by the ar- 
 chitect to accommodate over a thousand specta- 
 tors, faced a raised rostrum, both covered by awn- 
 ings of red and white striped canvas decorated 
 with flags and trophies, the whole forming a very 
 brilliant and beautiful mass of color. The cere- 
 monies opened with prayer by the Chaplain of 
 the Military Academy and the regular order of 
 the programme was followed without change other 
 than that of the substitution by the President of 
 the United States, who was unable to be present, 
 of the Secretary of War as his representative. 
 
OPENING PRAYERS. 
 
 I. The Lord's Prayer. 
 
 II. God of heaven and earth, who leddest our fathers forth, 
 making them go from one kingdom to another people ; we 
 yield Thee hearty thanks for all that Thou didst for them and 
 art doing for the land to which they came. We remember that 
 their communion was to eat their bread in exile, their sacrament 
 to shed their blood for others. And we give Thee thanks for 
 them. In particular, we remember here and now those of a 
 later day who spared not their lives that our land might be one ; 
 patriots of the newer time ; prophets and martyrs of our coun- 
 try's unity and peace. And for them we give Thee thanks. 
 And we pray that we may follow their good examples and be- 
 queath to those that come after a nation worthy of its founders, 
 and preservers, a nation fitted and glad to do Thy will, a na- 
 tion subject alone to Thee and to Thy Christ. May the mem- 
 ory of those who offered up their lives for principle, for unity 
 in which alone peace could be, lift and draw the coming gen- 
 erations upward and forward to see and seek that true and perfect 
 peace which Thou wiliest for all the sons of men. May we feel 
 and heed the silent yet solemn protest, rising from the graves of 
 those who died for their country's honor and integrity, against 
 all that is untrue, unworthy of the high and holy destiny we 
 believe Thou hast set before this nation. 
 
 May we, like them, placing before the love of self, the love f 
 of others ; before the love of earthly gain and life itself, the love 
 of truth and righteousness ; bring nearer that day, for which Thy 
 Son's last earthly prayer went up, when all Thy children shall 
 be one in love. We ask this in Thy Name, O Heavenly 
 Father; in Thine, O blessed Son, who art the Prince of Peace; in 
 Thine, O Holy Spirit, who guidest the hearts and minds of men 
 in the way of light and truth; in thine, O One Eternal God, to 
 whom be dominion, power and glory, now and forever. Amen. 
 
 8 7 
 
ADDRESS OF 
 GENERAL WILSON. 
 
 ^L TH^R- Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen : 
 I^XI That hero, statesman, and martyr, Abraham 
 
 T ^L Lincoln, in his grand inaugural, expressed the ex- 
 j quisite sentiment that, "The mystic chords of 
 
 memory, stretching from every battle-field and patriot's grave 
 to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, 
 will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when touched, as they 
 surely will be, by the better angels of our nature." 
 
 May I not borrow this glowing language to-day and say 
 that the mystic chords of memory, stretching from the Maine 
 mosaic block of the Union to the coral reefs of Florida, from 
 the orange groves of Louisiana to the ice palaces of Minnesota, 
 from the vine-clad hills of Southern California to the majestic 
 forests of Puget Sound, are joined in one grand electric circuit 
 within which, at every hearthstone from which a soldier de- 
 parted to fill a patriot's grave, hearts are throbbing and pulses 
 tingling at the thought that to-day, upon this historic spot, will 
 be dedicated a monument erected in memory of the heroes of 
 the regular army who gave up their lives in the defense of the 
 honor of the nation and the perpetuity of the Union. 
 
 8 9 
 
90 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 More than a third of a century ago, a few noble and gallant 
 officers, who had been sent to duty at this post, some of whom 
 were slowly recovering from wounds received in action, and 
 others who were convalescing from the fearful fevers contracted 
 in the Chickahominy swamps, conceived the idea of erecting, 
 at West Point, a monument to the memory of the officers and 
 enlisted men of the regular army who had fallen in the terri- 
 ble conflict then in progress, and to others who might give up 
 their lives in the cause of the nation. 
 
 At the suggestion of that splendid soldier, that courteous 
 and accomplished gentleman, that much loved comrade, Col. 
 Henry C. Hasbrouck, of the 4th Artillery, then a young 
 lieutenant of artillery, a meeting of the officers was called, an 
 Executive Committee constituted, and circulars sent to the 
 commanding generals of the army and to others, outlining 
 the object in view and soliciting cooperation. 
 
 The replies surpassed the most ardent anticipations, and the 
 committee, realizing that it could act in the name of the army, 
 prepared and distributed to their comrades in the field and else- 
 where circulars inviting subscriptions. 
 
 The beloved and lamented Professor A. E. Church was ap- 
 pointed treasurer, and during the year 1864 over $14,000 
 was received, the grand total eventually reaching, by 1871, the 
 sum of $14,856.54, after which no further subscriptions were 
 received. 
 
 This amount was subscribed by 670 officers, 790 enlisted 
 men and civilian employees representing all branches of the 
 regular service and the 'civil employees of the Quartermaster's 
 Department at New Orleans. 
 
 Among the subscribers were Generals Grant, Sheridan, 
 Meade, Thomas, Buell, Foster, Franklin, French, Gillmore, 
 Heintzelman, Hitchcock, Hooker, Howard, Keyes, McCook, 
 McDowell, Parke, Pope, Reynolds, Rosecrans, Sedgwick, 
 Slocum, Steele, Sykes, Warren, Webb, and Wright. 
 
AT WEST POINT 91 
 
 A site was selected and dedicated for the monument on June 
 15,1 8t>4, the oration having been delivered by that distin- 
 guished soldier, the late Major-Gen. Geo. B. McClellan. 
 
 For some reason not fully understood by us, the matter lan- 
 guished, the actual construction of the monument was post- 
 poned, and the meetings of the Executive Committee became 
 exceedingly rare, only four or five having been recorded be- 
 tween October, 1 864, and January, 1 890. 
 
 In the meantime the grand old treasurer had not buried the 
 talent committed to his charge, but by skilful management the 
 fund had been so invested that upon his death in 1878 it had 
 been increased to about $32,000. 
 
 Professor Church was succeeded by Professor Geo. L. An- 
 drews, of the U. S. Military Academy, a distinguished officer 
 of the army during the war, who was equally successful in his 
 stewardship ; and when he resigned his treasurership early in 
 1890, he transferred to his successor, our beloved friend Col. 
 E. W. Bass, the eminent professor of mathematics, bonds 
 whose market value at the time was over $60,000. 
 
 Early in the year 1 890 the subject was again brought for- 
 ward, and the officers then at the Military Academy, some of 
 whom had not yet seen the light of day when the great conflict 
 was initiated, took up the matter with such enthusiasm that it 
 was finally consummated, and the result is before you. 
 
 In addition to the available funds, fifty bronze cannon cap- 
 tured during the war were presented by the War Department, 
 some of which have been placed around the monument, and 
 others used to -provide for bronze tablets and ornaments. 
 
 A new Executive Committee, consisting of several of the 
 eminent professors of the Academy, was constituted, and this 
 committee, after consultation with distinguished artists, sculptors, 
 and architects in New York, in order to obtain the highest or- 
 der of art, decided to invite designs from four firms of exalted 
 reputation. 
 
92 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 The parties invited, and who promptly and courteously ac- 
 cepted the invitation, were : 
 
 Messrs. McKim, Mead and White, 
 Messrs. Babb, Cook and Willard, 
 Messrs. Carrere and Hastings, and 
 Mr. W. R. Emerson. 
 
 The results exceeded the highest anticipations of the com- 
 mittee, and the superb designs presented reflected the greatest 
 credit upon the distinguished gentlemen who had competed for 
 the prize. 
 
 The Executive Committee, still anxious to make no mistake 
 and to do no injustice, called to its aid, in selecting the design 
 to be accepted, Messrs. Richard M. Hunt, Augustus St. 
 Gaudens, and Arthur Roache, men whose reputations in their 
 profession were second to none others in our broad land. 
 
 After most critical examination, and upon the advice of these 
 eminent experts, the design of Messrs. McKim, Mead and 
 White was adopted, the modeling of the figure of Fame which 
 crowns the shaft being intrusted to Mr. Frederick MacMonnies, 
 and the construction of the monument to the Messrs. Norcross 
 Brothers, of Worcester, Mass. 
 
 The marvelous creation of these artists, with its exquisite 
 lines, its symmetry and beauty, is before you, and no words 
 that I can utter can do it justice. 
 
 It bears upon it the names of 188 officers and 2042 enlisted 
 men ; and, through the courtesy of the War Department at 
 Washington, it is believed that the name of evtry officer and 
 of every enlisted man of the regular army who was killed in 
 action or died of wounds received in action during the great 
 war of 1861-65 ls P^ced in enduring bronze, so that the 
 youths of our land, who are here serving their squirehood in 
 their country's services, may have before them, as an everlast- 
 ing example, a list of heroes who laid down their lives in the 
 cause of the nation. 
 
AT WEST POINT 93 
 
 Every arm of the service, and every regiment in the service, 
 save one which was not in the field but kept on other impor- 
 tant duty during the war, is represented by the names of some 
 of its heroes upon the monument. 
 
 Lieutenant- General Schofield, it is meet and right that 
 to-day, through you, one of its most distinguished heroes, this 
 monument should be transferred to the Army of the United 
 States. 
 
 To you, our former and beloved commander to you, the 
 ideal soldier, the heroic commander of many a well-fought 
 and victorious field, the soldier sans peur et sans reprocbe, alike 
 at home in the din of battle or the councils of the nation, 
 whose brilliant stars were won in a baptism of fire, it is my 
 duty, my pleasure, and my pride, in the name of the Building 
 Committee, to transfer this wonderful work of the genius of 
 man. 
 
 The polished granite sphere which surmounts the beautiful 
 shaft is symbolic of the well-rounded lives of the heroes who 
 have been called before the Great White Throne, and I be- 
 lieve that he who lays down his life in the defense of his coun- 
 try's honor is received by the King of kings with those joyous 
 words : "Well done, thou good and faithful servant : thou hast 
 been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over 
 many things : enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." 
 
 Capping the whole of this grand work is MacMonnies' ideal 
 creation of Fame ; and while we admire its wondrous beauty, as 
 it holds forth the chaplet of victory for these heroes, there 
 come to our mind those glowing words of O'Hara : 
 
 " On Fame's eternal camping-ground 
 
 Their silent tents are spread, 
 And Glory guards with solemn round 
 The bivouac of the dead." 
 
ADDRESS OF 
 GENERAL SCHOFIELD. 
 
 CHE purest patriotism is that which inspires the simple 
 soldier, who, of his own choice, offers his services 
 and his life to execute the orders of the Commander- 
 in-Chief. He looks to the head of the nation alone 
 for the national will. The President's policy is his policy, 
 the President's orders his only rule of action. He eliminates 
 self absolutely from his motives, and learns to be content with 
 hunger, privation, hardship, wounds, and death in the effort to 
 execute the orders of the Commander-in- Chief. He is not 
 only willing to die for his country, but he accepts without 
 question or doubt the choice made by his countrymen of the 
 leader whose orders he is to obey and whose policy he is to 
 accept as the will of the nation. This is the purest example 
 of patriotic devotion of which man is capable, and that which 
 the true soldier most highly honors. 
 
 It is the just and proud boast of the armies of the United 
 States that this has always been their standard of patriotic 
 duty, and in this the difference between the regular and volun- 
 teer exists only in name. The one, no less than the other, 
 is a volunteer soldier, and the other, hardly less than the first, 
 
 95 
 
96 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 soon becomes, under the discipline of war, a regular soldier. 
 The sublimest fact in American history is the perfect disci- 
 pline, patient endurance, undoubting confidence of final tri- 
 umph even in the midst of temporary defeat, and heroic 
 valor shown by our soldiers during four years of war. They 
 knew little and cared less about the dissensions among poli- 
 ticians over questions of public policy, or the troubles of finan- 
 ciers over the state of the treasury. They fought bravely on 
 as they were led, with no thought but the triumph of the 
 Union cause as the end of their soldierly duty. 
 
 In all this soldierly devotion there was little room for dif- 
 ference of rank. Only a very few of the highest commanders 
 were at liberty to indulge in other thoughts. With such few 
 exceptions, soldiers of all grades, from the private in the ranks 
 to the general in command of a division or army corps, were 
 governed by the same devotion, obedience, faith, and courage. 
 
 These are the patriotic qualities which soldiers honor in 
 their comrades, and especially in those who have given their 
 lives in the country's service. As the States of the Union, 
 and the regiments which they sent to the field, and the vari- 
 ous corps of the great Union army have erected fitting monu- 
 ments in honor of their heroic dead, so the little body of 
 regulars contributed during the war a generous fund for the 
 purpose of erecting here, on this historic spot, a monument to 
 their fallen comrades. That work was delayed, if my memory 
 is not at fault, in order that the increase due to judicious in- 
 vestment might in no very long time enable the trustees to 
 erect a monument much more appropriate to the purpose and 
 the place than could at first have been done. 
 
 The wisdom and fidelity with which this sacred trust has 
 been discharged is fully attested by the beautiful and noble 
 work of art now presented to us. In the name of the army, I 
 thank all who have taken part in this noble work for the fidel- 
 ity with which they have discharged the trust reposed in them. 
 
AT WEST POINT 97 
 
 And in behalf of the army I accept from the Building Com- 
 mittee this Battle Monument, as a worthy token of our re- 
 spect and reverence for the memories of our comrades who 
 gave their lives to preserve the national Union. 
 
 Let every young soldier who shall here follow in the foot- 
 steps of these heroes be inspired, as he looks upon this monu- 
 ment, by a noble ambition to so master the art of war that he 
 shall neither live nor die in vain, and so fit himself for his 
 patriotic duty that in his life, as in his death, he shall be an 
 honor to his country. 
 
 To you, Mr. Secretary, comrade in battle of the brave men 
 whose names are engraved hereon, I now present this monu- 
 ment, in memory of our fallen heroes, and place it, through 
 you, in the custody of the National Government. Let it and 
 the ground on which it stands be held sacred forever. 
 
ADDRESS OF 
 THE SECRETARY OF WAR. 
 
 GENERAL SCHOFIELD: By command of the Pres- 
 ident, in whose name I appear to-day, I accept for 
 the Government of the United States this beautiful 
 monument erected to her honored dead. It will stand a 
 lasting memento to those men who gave their lives to save this na- 
 tion from destruction when the question of its existence was given 
 over to the arbitrament of arms. This is the fittest spot in the 
 land for its abiding-place. Here is the soldier school of the repub- 
 lic, famed for the classic beauty of its surroundings, and sanctified 
 by its association with the names of men whose genius and valor 
 in defense of the government which educated them to the profes- 
 sion of arms, and whose loyalty to the flag which here in their 
 early manhood they were taught to love, have brought imper- 
 ishable renown to the country of their devotion. This, too, 
 is the fittest day of all the year for its unveiling and dedication, 
 for it is the day set apart by the people and by the law for 
 popular tribute to those who on land and sea offered their lives a 
 willing sacrifice upon the altar of loyalty and liberty. It is 
 pleasant to remember, as we gaze for the first time upon this 
 graceful shaft, that every Union soldier* s grave within reach of 
 
 99 
 
ioo THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 our people has been strewn by loving hands with beautiful 
 flowers, and it is sweet to fancy that the graves unmarked and 
 unknown, scattered throughout the land wherever soldiers fought 
 and died, are not left unadorned by the kindly hand of nature. 
 
 It will be ever gladly borne in mind that this monument 
 does not simply commemorate the names and fame of those who 
 wore the insignia of rank. It rescues and brings out into the 
 light, to share in that way the fame of their commanders, names 
 little known nor much remembered, save in the small circle of 
 home and loved ones. It was quite characteristic of the chiv- 
 alrous men who planned this memorial to take thought of the hum- 
 ble, but equally devoted and daring, men who followed where 
 they led, and who equally with them, without the spur of ambi- 
 tion or the hope of fame, gave their lives in the line of duty. Had 
 they forgotten, which they" could not, the rank and file, without 
 whose discipline, fidelity and bravery there is no fame for a 
 commander, they would have been less the ideal soldiers that 
 they were and less worthy of remembrance, for the true soldier 
 and officer never forgets what he owes to the men he commands. 
 
 It is altogether well and worthy that these names of en- 
 listed men are borne upon this monument in one grand muster 
 roll with those of their commanders. Could this shaft, now 
 towering above us, have been builded as high as the deeds of 
 the men in whose memory it is erected deserve, its capstone, 
 indeed, would be lost beyond the skies. 
 
 In the history of all nations that which has made them 
 great in prosperity and in strength has been achieved in war, 
 and the brightest of its pages are illumined by the deeds of 
 knightly men in the field. It can truthfully be said that greater 
 disaster can come to a nation than war, for life without honor 
 is not worth the living, and the short span that is given to man, 
 even at its greatest length, is nothing as compared to the sus- 
 taining of the dignity and strength of the nation and the keeping 
 alive that patriotism which is so essential to its existence. 
 
AT WEST POINT 101 
 
 Many men have seen war in its terrible aspect, but to none 
 is it given to describe it. War should be but for defense, else 
 Providence were seemingly but the plaything for men's passions. 
 Even to-day the greatest nations of the earth must see its hor- 
 rors in both hemispheres, regretful that such struggles must come, 
 hopeful that from the conflict may spring a lasting peace. From 
 all people has come the reverence of the most heroic deed that 
 can be performed by mortal man death in the defense of 
 country, home and faith. Greater far than the glory which 
 crowns the victor, more sublime than tongue can picture him, 
 lies in the dust at the feet of armies, the soldier who served 
 without hope of reward or glory, and fell to be buried and 
 named "Unknown." 
 
 Now a word to you young men gathered here to-day, whose 
 profession is war. The spotless integrity of the men who 
 have graduated at this great academy in their official and daily 
 lives is a guide for you, and wherever you may be called, 
 whether in time of peace or armed conflict, remember that you 
 are marked men the successors of those whose names must 
 live immortal when succeeding generations shall have passed 
 away. Should I name these men the pulse would quicken, and 
 the glory of the old flag they defended would brighten in your 
 thoughts, but you have their example for your beacon light. 
 Go forward then, in life, young men, knowing that you have 
 the prayers and hopes of seventy millions of people with you, 
 and remember that over you floats the proudest flag in the world, 
 that which symbolizes freedom, civilization, Christianity. That 
 flag, glorious in its purity, has never been unfurled in front of 
 any foe but to prevail, nor will it in the time that is to come. 
 That flag shall guard the life of every American in every land 
 and at whatever cost. 
 
 Guard well then your heritage, and keep ever before you 
 the thought that patriotism is the highest impulse in the world, 
 that the good that men do always lives, and he who is never 
 
 7A 
 
102 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 swerved by temptation, but stands for the right, wears the 
 crown of American manhood. 
 
 It is the fond hope of the best minds of every land that 
 the time may come and that in the near future when 
 armed force in the field shall no longer be required, when all 
 differences between nations shall be settled by the benign in- 
 fluences of man's best judgment, and that arbitration shall be 
 substituted for artillery, musketry and the saber. But while 
 man is mortal perhaps the hope that this consummation so de- 
 voutly wished may become the rule of the world, cannot be 
 realized, and it is therefore incumbent upon every prudent 
 people to at all times be prepared for any emergency, so that if 
 war should come they would be in readiness. 
 
 May we then hope, the soldier equally with the civilian, 
 that the day will come when with one accord the great nations 
 of the earth shall say : " Let the bugler sound the truce of God 
 to the world forever." God speed the coming of that day ! 
 In no human heart will that prayer be stronger than in the 
 heart of the true soldier. Remember that "peace hath her vic- 
 tories no less renowned than war," and that the country has 
 use for chivalrous soldiers in peace as well as war. 
 
ADDRESS OF 
 JUSTICE BREWER. 
 
 IT is one of the paradoxes of life that that which to 
 eye and touch seems solid and enduring will assuredly 
 crumble and disappear, while that which the eye and 
 touch cannot reach is alone immortal. There is no 
 work of man wrought on canvas, in marble or bronze, lifted 
 in column or cathedral, but soon or late yields up its form and 
 beauty as time's unceasing pendulum is swung by Him with 
 whom a thousand years are as one day, and one day as a thou- 
 sand years. While on the other hand those viewless, intan- 
 gible things, born of the brain and soul, lofty thoughts and 
 heroic purposes, live on and on with all the dewy freshness 
 of unfading youth. " The beings of the mind are not of clay ; 
 essentially immortal." 
 
 Phidias and Praxiteles chiseled their dreams of beauty into 
 the solid marble, singing as they wrought, 
 
 "For art can grant what love denies, 
 And fix the fugitive ; " 
 
 only broken statues and wretched fragments remain to tell of 
 their forgotten dreams. But the marvelous philosophy of 
 
 103 
 
io 4 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Plato, the lofty thought of Socrates, the logic of Aristotle, and 
 the epic grandeur of Homer, are as young and inspiring to- 
 day as when first syllabled beneath the groves of the Academy, 
 or chanted through the hamlets of Greece. Nineteen centuries 
 ago the temple of Jerusalem, forty and six years in building, 
 crowned the summit of Mount Moriah as the great achieve- 
 ment of Jewish art, the pride and wonder of the nation. Its 
 ruins are scarcely discoverable, while the loving words of 
 the humble Galilean, spoken beneath the shadow of its glory, 
 are the ever-living comfort and solace of unnumbered millions. 
 The massive Pyramids still stand, and the huge Sphinx still 
 tosses in the face the unsolved riddle of its being, but the 
 broken angles and loosened stones of the former and the bat- 
 tered face of the latter attest their subjection to the crumbling 
 touch of time. Indeed, this whole earth is one mighty sepul- 
 cher within which are entombed in hopeless confusion all the 
 beauty and splendor that past generations were able to put into 
 forms of matter, while the only things that preserve the fresh- 
 ness of youth and pass on from age to age with all the vigor 
 and bloom of immortality, are those intangible and viewless 
 things, ideas, feelings the children of the human soul. 
 
 Is the work of the painter, the sculptor and the architect 
 then in vain ? Is it idle to paint forms of beauty on the can- 
 vas, to chisel them in marble or bronze ? Is it a waste of 
 time and labor to lift the columned glory or to put the symme- 
 try and grace of architecture into capitol and cathedral ? Is it 
 wrong or foolish to challenge the inexorable law of material 
 decay, to place before the eye the visible beauty which we 
 know must one day disappear ? Not so ; certainly not, if that 
 thing of matter both carries with it the sweet influences of 
 beauty, and also is eloquent of ideas and purposes which are 
 an inspiration to humanity and will continue so to be long 
 after that which represents them has passed away. While it 
 endures, it incarnates the thought. It is the visible expression 
 
AT WEST POINT 105 
 
 of the idea which is itself immortal. And so, as long as it en- 
 dures, v it carries a message to every human soul, and as a carrier of 
 such message deserves the time and labor and money put into it. 
 
 We stand to-day in the presence of a stately column, erected 
 by the soldiers and officers of the regular army of the United 
 States, to commemorate the heroism and sacrifice of those of 
 their number who during the civil war gave their lives for 
 their country and in order that " liberty and union might re- 
 main now and forever one and inseparable." We are here 
 not simply to speak our praises of its beauty, but more to bow 
 in reverence before the ideas and the ideals which have found 
 material expression in that beauty, and which we believe will 
 be the inspiration not only of this great land but of humanity 
 the world over, long after the column shall have fallen and 
 crumbled into dust. We come, not so much to eulogize it as 
 a work of art, but rather to attest the great fact that brought 
 it into being, and to take a solemn oath in the presence of high 
 heaven that that fact shall never pass from the remembrance 
 of man. 
 
 And now what are the ideas and ideals which this column 
 expresses ? What are the lessons which, as it stands in solitary 
 grandeur beside the flowing waters of this majestic stream, it 
 teaches to us, and will teach to those who come after us ? 
 What is it that this witness, eloquent though mute, says to us, 
 and will say to the generations yet to come ? Of the many 
 voices which it bears I have only time to notice two. I know 
 it speaks of heroic achievements. I know it voices the glori- 
 ous and immortal thought, dulce et decorum est pro patria mori. 
 I know it is eloquent with the suffering and self-denial and 
 sacrifice which the great war developed and ennobled. But 
 beyond all that, it bears two voices, which I fain would catch 
 in the words of my talk, and speak to every citizen of the 
 United States. 
 
 And first it voices the immeasurable value of law and peace. 
 
io6 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 It says to us that they whose names are written on its face gave 
 up their lives not merely for military glory, but also that war 
 should cease, and peace with all its blessings prevail ; that every 
 citizen might find the doors of the court-house open for the 
 punishment of wrong and the enforcement of right ; that the 
 humblest might stand side by side with the highest, placing in 
 the ballot-box his equal vote in the settlement of all questions 
 of public policy. They died that a government created by all 
 should not be destroyed by a part, and that, as all once volun- 
 tarily consented to its establishment, only in like manner should 
 any change be made in its provisions or any territory released 
 from its dominion. They read in the Constitution the solemn 
 declaration that it and the laws of the United States made in 
 pursuance thereof " shall be the supreme law of the land," 
 and they gave their lives to make that declaration good. It is 
 fitting that in the dedication of this monument there should be 
 heard the voice of a member of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States, the court which the Constitution provided as 
 the ultimate judicial tribunal for the settlement of questions of 
 private right and public law ; for, through the sacrifice and he- 
 roism of these illustrious dead it continues still the supreme 
 court for South Carolina and Texas as for New York and 
 Kansas. These men died that law might live, that the will of 
 the people incarnated in constitution and statutes should be 
 obeyed by every one, and that all questions of policy, all dis- 
 putes as to rights of property, or obligations of contracts, 
 should be settled peaceably in the courts or at the ballot-box. 
 They marched beneath the Stars and Stripes not merely that 
 no star should be dimmed, not merely that its folds might 
 float on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico as well as by the 
 great lakes, but also that so floating triumphantly it should 
 speak to every child of America the comforting words of as- 
 sured peace and law. On its folds may there ever be seen the 
 words of General Grant, " Let us have peace." 
 
AT WEST POINT 107 
 
 t 
 
 Is this voice worth listening to ? In the shadow of the sa- 
 cred memories which gather around the names of these heroic 
 dead, in the presence of these veterans who yet live to tell the 
 stories of the great war, and in the presence of these eager and 
 enthusiastic youth who are here studying that they may learn 
 all the possibilities of military science, and, whenever duty 
 shall call, win on the battle-field the victor's laurels, in all this 
 presence I affirm that the greatest meed of praise which can be 
 bestowed upon the army of the United States is, that it makes 
 certain to every citizen the blessings of peace and order and 
 law. Doubtless, young gentlemen, as you look over the bright 
 fields of the future, you see dazzling before you visions of 
 military glory ; " the pride, pomp and circumstance of glori- 
 ous war " are there, and the eagle and the stars wait tt> rest on 
 your shoulders ; but when the evening of life shall come you 
 will realize that the highest praise which can be awarded to 
 you is that in your military lives you have been the defenders 
 of law and the guardians of peace ; that you have stood behind 
 the multitudinous business activities of this mighty people, and 
 thundered in the ears of all the irresistible declaration that 
 those activities should go on undisturbed by rebel or mob ; 
 that you have been beside the marvelous postal machine which, 
 like a thing of life, reaches its myriad fingers into every city 
 and village and neighborhood, gathering and distributing the 
 sweet messages of love and the rich words 'of trade; beside the 
 swift-rolling wheels which bear into and through every State 
 the mighty volume of our internal commerce, and bade no 
 man dare to stay the free movement of fingers or wheels ; that 
 while the representatives of the people have gathered in the 
 halls of Congress to legislate, the judges have sat on the bench 
 to adjust private rights and public wrongs, and the President 
 has taken his place in the White House to execute the laws 
 and enforce the judgments, you have stood back of legislator 
 and judge and President, and been the unfailing guarantor that 
 
io8 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 in peace they shall act, and that by every citizen their acts 
 shall be respected and obeyed. 
 
 There is no true American who does not look with honest 
 pride on the army of the United States, who does not feel his 
 heart thrill with exultation as he repeats the names of its illus- 
 trious leaders ; there is no true American who would withhold 
 aught that will help to make that army in the future as in the 
 past, though small in numbers, most efficient and potent ; there 
 is no true American who depreciates its achievements, or sneers 
 at its usefulness ; and yet, while all this is true, every one sees 
 in the organized and disciplined and educated force that which 
 means not war, but peace ; that which means not alone military 
 glory, but also the securing to every city and village and home 
 in the la*nd the priceless blessings of law and order. And to- 
 day this column lifts its stately height in the presence of the 
 American people, proclaiming to all, in a voice which fills the 
 land and will fill the centuries, that these men died that law 
 might live and peace prevail. 
 
 The other voice which comes from this silently eloquent 
 witness is that these men died in order that there might be pre- 
 served in our borders equal opportunities for all. Ours is the 
 land of the free. Here is government of and by and for the 
 people. We know no rank. Birth brings no title. Before 
 each individual is opened every door, and to him who wills and 
 strives there is no place of influence or power which does not 
 hold out the equal invitation. The doors of this institution 
 are not opened to only the children of a privileged class. From 
 the poorest cabin and the richest home, from the lonesome 
 prairie and the crowded city, from the ranks of the humblest 
 toilers and the counting-houses of the richest merchants, from 
 farm and factory and shop and office you come, and come on 
 equal terms, with equal opportunities before you, and to take 
 in after life not the glory which your fathers give you, but that 
 which you yourselves are able to win. From a humble farm- 
 
AT WEST POINT 109 
 
 house in Ohio, through the gateways of this school, passed a 
 modest, resolute young man, to become the great commander ; 
 the present General of the Army commenced life as a mere 
 clerk ; and a private soldier is now the President of the United 
 States. 
 
 And the end is not yet. That which was so yesterday is so 
 to-day, and will be so to-morrow. The barefoot boy may thank 
 God and take courage, for beneath the Stars and Stripes the 
 future is his. "Whosoever will" not only expresses the as- 
 surances of the Gospel, but is also the law of American life and 
 success. It must be remembered, however, that there is a 
 world-wide difference between " whosoever will " and "who- 
 soever simply wishes." The one implies a resolute and un- 
 failing purpose controlling all activities, while the other carries 
 with it nothing but lazy desire. The one is the assurance of 
 success, the other deserves the failure which it receives. Of 
 the thousand men in our land who succeed, luck may be the ac- 
 cident of one, but the other nine hundred and ninety-nine toil 
 for and win it. No one can sit on a dry-goods box and whit- 
 tle himself into wealth, or stand on the street corner and talk 
 himself into learning, position or power. Before every one is 
 the open door of opportunity ; "whosoever will " may enter. 
 And this fact of equal opportunity and equal right has been 
 strengthened and made more far-reaching through the devotion 
 of those whose names are written on this column. They died 
 not in defense of a princely class, not to perpetuate an aristoc- 
 racy of wealth or birth, but rather to lift a race into the large 
 domain of equal rights and equal opportunities. They heard 
 the sad, pathetic voice of him who walked from the lonesome 
 home of poverty and ignorance through the untiring strength 
 of his own earnestness and ability to the chief magistracy of the 
 nation and a place among the immortals of earth ; and, heeding 
 that voice, they died in order that this government of and by 
 and for the people should not perish from the face of the earth, 
 
i io THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 but should continue with a more complete and glorious affirm- 
 ance of equal rights and equal opportunities for all. 
 
 And I want here to say that this doctrine of equal rights and 
 equal opportunities which has always been the theory of our 
 political and social institutions is, notwithstanding some idle 
 talk, still, as ever, the significant fact of our life. The great 
 accumulations of money are not in the hands of those who in- 
 herited, but of those who themselves accumulated it ; and when 
 I read, as I often do, the denunciations in certain quarters of 
 inordinate wealth, I find almost without an exception that the 
 names connected with that wealth are the names of men who 
 started in life without a dollar. Who are the leaders of our 
 thought to-day ? Who are the great men in intellectual life ? Who 
 are the inventors and authors, the orators and poets ? Who are 
 they that give direction and guidance to the thought and busi- 
 ness and high ambition of the nation ? Did they come from any 
 class ? Were they born into station ? Did they come from some 
 privileged rank ? On the contrary, as you run over the list of 
 names, you will find that no rank, or class, or place monopo- 
 lized their beginnings. Their power and influence is some- 
 thing which they themselves have won, and not something 
 which they inherited. The humblest child may look upon 
 the White House with expectation. The poorest and most 
 friendless student may begin with faith and hope his struggle 
 for a seat on the highest bench of the nation. A place in the 
 halls of Congress is not a thing of purchase or inheritance, 
 and the few exceptions which occur only attest the fact as well 
 as the strength and vigor of the rule. This is to-day, and God 
 grant that it may ever remain, a land of equal rights and equal 
 opportunities, not an equality of life and living which is com- 
 pelled, for wherever there is such compulsion there is slavery, 
 whether the master be a single despot or a mob, but the equal- 
 ity of the Declaration of Independence, the equal possession of 
 " certain unalienable rights . . . life, liberty, and the pur- 
 
AT WEST POINT in 
 
 suit of happiness" ; the right of each individual to choose for 
 himself his life and work and to pursue that life and work sub- 
 ject to no dominion, and realizing all the success that the in- 
 tensity of his life and work deserve. 
 
 It is fitting that this memorial to the officers and soldiers of 
 the regular army who died in the recent war should be here, 
 for this is the military center of the nation, the great school of 
 those who are to be the officers and commanders ; and it is 
 well that the lessons of those patriotic and heroic lives should 
 ever be present before the young who shall come to prepare 
 themselves to take the places they filled and glorified. It was 
 fitting also that this work should have been undertaken and car- 
 ried through by the surviving officers and soldiers of the army, 
 for it is your comrades' memory that is thus preserved. 
 
 Here let this column rise in stately beauty, proclaiming to 
 the coming generations the great occasion and the great truths 
 which have caused it to be. And may every ripple of yonder 
 stream, as it passes and floats onward toward the commercial 
 metropolis of the nation, bear from its lips to the tomb where 
 sleeps the coffined dust of the great commander, the assurances 
 of the unvarying loyalty of the army of the United States now 
 and hereafter to the heroic ideas and ideals of his life, to peace 
 with equal rights and privileges to all. 
 
EPILOGUE. 
 
 CHIS granite shaft stands not as a memorial 
 alone, but for a principle. It bears wit- 
 ness to the supremacy of discipline and 
 education in the vocation of arms. It vindicates 
 the professional soldier. It glorifies obedience, 
 self-restraint, intelligence. It stands for duty, pro- 
 fessional honor, responsibility, order, precision. 
 In the polished integrity of its unbroken mass the 
 primeval granite, upright and unswerving, points 
 heavenward the path of patriotism and of honor. 
 
 This is the only monument on the continent to 
 the officers and soldiers of the Regular Army who 
 fought in the War of the Rebellion, and in pre- 
 senting it to the government of the great republic 
 it has served so well, that army asks its fellow- 
 citizens to bear in remembrance, together with the 
 names of the leaders inscribed upon it McPher- 
 son, Sedgwick, Reynolds, Mansfield, Lyon 
 those survivors who belong with them to history, 
 
 8 113 
 
114 
 
 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 officers of the Regular Army and sons also of that 
 Military Academy where their memory is pre- 
 served and venerated. 
 
 Army Commanders. 
 
 Grant Hooker Pope 
 
 Sherman Rosecrans Slocum 
 
 Sheridan McClellan Canby 
 
 Meade Halleck Wright, G. 
 
 Thomas . Buell McDowell 
 
 Schofield Ord Curtis, S. R. 
 Howard 
 
 Corps Commanders. 
 Reynolds, J. F. j 
 
 ist. 
 
 Newton 
 Hancock "I 
 Couch I 2d. 
 
 Humphreys J 
 Heintzelman 1 . 
 French / 3 
 
 Keyes j 
 
 Gordon Granger > 4th. 
 Stanley J 
 
 Sykes 1 
 Warren j- 5th. 
 Griffin j 
 Smith, W. F. 
 Wrigh 
 Steele 
 Reynolds, 
 
 ith, W. F. I 
 ight, H. G. / 
 
 6th. 
 
 Parke, 9th. 
 Gillmore, loth. 
 Williams, izth. 
 Davis, J. C., 1 4th. 
 Smith, A. J., 1 6th. 
 Foster, J. G., i8th. 
 Franklin ' 
 Emory I9th. 
 Grover 
 
 McCook, zoth. 
 Augur, zzd. 
 Hartsuff, 23d. 
 Gibbon, 24th. 
 Weitzel, 25th. 
 Stoneman 
 Pleasonton 
 Merritt 
 Wilson, J. H. 
 
 Cavalry. 
 
 Fit/. J^>hn Porter, jtJa. 
 
AT WEST POINT 
 
 Division Commanders. 
 
 Doubleday 
 
 McCall 
 
 Carlin 
 
 Stevens 
 
 Robinson, J. C. 
 
 Morgan, J. D. 
 
 Ricketts 
 
 Barnes 
 
 Hazen 
 
 Rufus King 
 
 Getty 
 
 Ransom 
 
 Richardson 
 
 Russell, D. 
 
 Martindale 
 
 Webb 
 
 Neill 
 
 Palmer 
 
 Hays, W. 
 
 Seymour 
 
 Wessels 
 
 Sully 
 
 Davidson 
 
 Sherman, T. 
 
 Hays, A. 
 
 Carr 
 
 Abercrombie 
 
 Berry 
 
 Wilcox 
 
 Ruger 
 
 Prince 
 
 Brannan 
 
 Kautz 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Saxton 
 
 Jackson, R. H 
 
 Whipple,A.W. 
 
 Ames 
 
 Buford 
 
 Elliott, W. L. 
 
 Turner 
 
 Gregg 
 
 Wood 
 
 Gordon, G. H. 
 
 Custer 
 
 Casey 
 
 Greene, G. H. 
 
 Kilpatrick 
 
 Ayers 
 
 Smith, C. F. 
 
 Upton 
 
 Morell 
 
 Baird 
 
 Mackenzie 
 
 And their non-graduate brothers-in-arms of the 
 Regular Army. 
 
 Corps Commanders. 
 
 Sumner Butterfield 
 
 Sickles Terry 
 
 Kearny 
 
 Miles 
 
 Mower 
 
 Division Commanders. 
 
 Harney 
 
 De Trobriand 
 
n6 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 This is the verdict of the greatest war of modern 
 times, given also with equal emphasis in the case 
 of our antagonists tried in a hundred battles and 
 justified by the results of a score of campaigns. 
 No lesson in war was ever more inevitable, clear- 
 cut and decisive. After a desperate struggle of 
 four years, involving over three millions of com- 
 batants, the officers of a little body of ten thousand 
 regulars, almost wholly graduates of the Military 
 Academy at West Point, command as Lieutenant- 
 or Major-Generals every army in the field, nearly 
 all of the Army Corps, and a large proportion of 
 the Divisions. 
 
 They head every Supply Corps of the General 
 Staff, and hold every important command in these 
 Corps. They have organized and directed that 
 immense mobilizing and supplying mechanism 
 without which victory would have been impos- 
 sible, and whose efficiency in the face of enormous 
 difficulties was the wonder and admiration of the 
 military world. They gave to the century two 
 of its greatest commanders, and from their body 
 came the President of the Confederacy and the 
 successor of the immortal Lincoln, all sons of 
 West Point and of the Regular Army. 
 
 This sweeping result achieved itself as the 
 gradual but inevitable logic of experience in 
 the face of a political favoritism and demoraliza- 
 tion without limit or precedent. 
 
UNIVERSITY 
 
NAMES OF 
 OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN BORNE 
 
 UPON 
 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 8A 
 
OFFICERS. 
 
 * 
 General Officers. 
 
 Brigadier- Generals. 
 
 Joseph K. F. Mansfield, Maj.-Gen. Vols., Antietam, Md. 
 James B. McPherson, Maj.-Gen. Vols., Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 General Staff. 
 
 Lieut. -Col. Julius P. Garesche, Adjt.-Gen. Dept., Murfrees- 
 
 boro, Tenn. 
 
 Surgeon William J. H. White, Medical Dept., Antietam, Md. 
 Capt. Guilford D. Bailey, Subsistence Dept., Fair Oaks, Va. 
 Capt.OtisH.Tillinghast, Quartermaster Dept., ist Bull Run,Va. 
 
 Corps of Engineers. 
 
 Majors. 
 
 Amiel W. Whipple, Maj.-Gen. Vols., Chancellorsville, Va. 
 James St. C. Morton, Petersburg, Va, 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Holdimand S. Putnam, Fort Wagner, S. C. 
 Charles E. Cross, Rappahannock River, Va. 
 Arthur H. Dutton, Bermuda Hundred, Va. 
 
izo THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Patrick H. O'Rorke, Col. Vols., Gettysburg, Pa. 
 John R. Meigs, Harrisonburg, Va. 
 
 Corps of Topographical Engineers. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 ]. L. Kirby Smith, Corinth, Miss. 
 Orlando G. Wagner, Yorktown, Va. 
 
 Ordnance Department. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Jesse L. Reno, Maj.-Gen. Vols., South Mountain, Md. 
 George C. Strong, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Fort Wagner, S. C. 
 
 ist Cavalry. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Benjamin F. Davis, Beverly Ford, Va. 
 Samuel McKee, Cold Harbor, Va. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Robert Allen, Jr., Gaines's Mill, Va. 
 
 Caesar R. Fisher, Ashby's Gap, Va. 
 
 Frederick C. Ogden, Trevillian Station, Va. 
 
 Joseph S. Hoyer, Smithfield, Va. 
 
 John H. Nichols, Trevillian Station, Va. 
 
 John S. Walker, Harper's Ferry, Va. 
 
 2d Cavalry. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Charles W. Canfield, Beverly Ford, Va. 
 James F. McQuesten, Opequan, Va. 
 
AT WEST POINT 121 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Michael Lawless, Trevillian Station, Va. 
 Charles McMaster, Front Royal, Va. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 George DeV. Selden, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 3d Cavalry. 
 
 Captain. 
 Alexander McRae, Valverde, N. M. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 George Harrington, Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 4th Cavalry. 
 
 Colonel. 
 John Sedgwick, Maj.-Gen. Vols., Spottsylvania C. H., Va. 
 
 Captain. 
 George D. Bayard, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Fredericksburg, Va. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Elbridge G. Roys, Selina, Ala. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 Thomas Healy, Franklin, Tenn. 
 
 Francis C. Wood, Middleton, Tenn. 
 
 5th Cavalry. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Thomas Drummond, Five Forks, Va. 
 
 Joseph P. Ash, Todd's Tavern, Va. 
 
 James Cahill, Todd's Tavern, Va. 
 
122 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 John J. Sweet, Gaines's Mill, Va. 
 
 Richard Byrnes, Lieut.-Col. Vols., Cold Harbor, Va. 
 
 Joseph P. Henley, Trevillian Station, Va. 
 
 Richard Fitzgerald, Winchester, Va. 
 
 John Trevor, Winchester, Va. 
 
 6th Cavalry. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 William P. Sanders, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Knoxville, Tenn. 
 Charles R. Lowell, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Middletown, Va. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Peter McGrath, Apache Canon, N. M. 
 
 Isaac M. Ward, Beverly Ford, Va. 
 
 Christian Balder, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 Thomas W. Simson, wounds received in battle. 
 
 Andrew Stoll, Beverly Ford, Va. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Hugh Mcguade, Bull Run, Va. 
 
 1st Artillery. 
 
 Captain. 
 Lewis O. Morris, Col. Vols., Cold Harbor, Va. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Douglas Ramsay, ist Bull Run, Va. 
 
 Edward B. Hill, White Oak Swamp, Va. 
 
 Justin E. Dimick, Chancellorsville, Va. 
 
 Edmund Kirby, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Chancellorsville, Va. 
 
 George A. Woodruff, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 Philip D. Mason, Trevillian Station, Va. 
 
AT WEST POINT 123 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 James A. Sanderson, Pleasant Hill, La. 
 
 2d Artillery. 
 
 Captain. 
 Henry Benson, Malvern Hill, Va. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 John T. Greble, Big Bethel, Va. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 Presley O. Craig, ist Bull Run, Va. 
 
 Thomas Burnes, Hatcher's Run, Va. 
 
 Samuel D. Southworth, Cedar Creek, Va. 
 
 3d Artillery. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 William D'Wolf, Williamsburg, Va.' 
 
 Manning Livingston, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 Robert Floyd, Chickamauga, Ga. 
 
 4th Artillery. 
 
 Captain. 
 George W. Hazzard, White Oak Swamp, Va. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 William L. Baker, Antietam, Md. 
 
 George Dickinson, Fredericksburg, Va. 
 
 Franklin B. Crosby, Chancellorsville, Va. 
 
 Bayard Wilkeson, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 Alonzo H. Cushing, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
124 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 5th Artillery. 
 
 Major. 
 Thomas Williams, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Baton Rouge, La. 
 
 Captains. 
 William R. Terrill, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Perry ville, Ky. 
 
 John R. Smead, zd Bull Run, Va. 
 
 Henry V. De Hart, Gaines's Mill, Va. 
 
 Stephen H. Weed, .Brig. -Gen. Vols., Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Henry W. Kingsbury, Antietam, Md. 
 
 Charles E. Hazlett, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 Howard M. Burnham, Chickamauga, Ga. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 William W. Williams, Boonsboro, Md. 
 Henry M. Baldwin, Cedar Creek, Va. 
 
 1st Infantry. 
 
 Capt. James E. Powell, Shiloh, Tenn. 
 Second Lieut. Charles Wilkins, Vicksburg, Miss. 
 
 2d Infantry. 
 
 Colonel. 
 Dixon S. Miles, Harper's Ferry, Va. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Nathaniel Lyon, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Wilson's Creek, Mo. 
 
 Salem S. Marsh, Chancellorsville, Va. 
 
 Richard Brindley, Gaines's Mill, Va. 
 
 Samuel A. McKee, Greenwich, Va. 
 
AT WEST POINT 125 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Frank C. Goodrich, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 Ralph E. Ellinwood, 2d Bull Run, Va. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 Thomas D. Parker, Gaines's Mill, Va. 
 William Kidd, zd Bull Run, Va. 
 
 3d Infantry. 
 
 Major. 
 Nathan B. Russell, Gaines's Mill, Va. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Woods McGuire, Malvern Hill, Va. 
 
 4th Infantry. 
 
 Major. 
 Seneca G. Simmons, Glendale, Va. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Julius W. Adams, Gaines's Mill, Va. 
 Charles H. Brightly, Wilderness, Va. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Ira F. Gensel, Fredericksburg, Va. 
 
 5th Infantry. 
 
 Colonel. 
 John F. Reynolds, Maj.-Gen. Vols., Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 Captain. 
 Benjamin Wingate, Valverde, N. M. 
 
126 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Lyman Mishler, Valverde, N. M. 
 
 6th Infantry. 
 
 Colonel. 
 Edward A. King, Chickamauga, Ga. 
 
 Captain. 
 Rennselaer W. Foote, Games' s Mill, Va. 
 
 7th Infantry. 
 
 Captain. 
 George Ryan, Laurel Hill, Va. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Wesley F. Miller, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 Richard R. Crawford, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 Frederick E. Grossman, Weldon Railroad, Va. 
 
 8th Infantry. 
 
 Majors. 
 
 Joseph B. Plummer, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Wilson's Creek, Mo. 
 David A. Russell, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Opequan, Va. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Otis Fisher, Poplar Spring Church, Va. 
 
 loth Infantry. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Jesse A. Gove, Col. Vols., Chickahominy, Va. 
 William G. Jones, Col. Vols., Chickamauga, Ga. 
 
AT WEST POINT 127 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 William J. Fisher, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 Richard Skinner, Petersburg, Va. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 Michael C. Boyce, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 James Henry, Wilderness, Va. 
 
 nth Infantry. 
 
 Captain. 
 Thomas O. Barri, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Herbert Kenaston, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 Matthew Elder, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 Wright Staples, Wilderness, Va. 
 
 Charles I. Pleasants, Wilderness, Va. 
 
 James P. Pratt, Bethesda Church, Va. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 Henry Rochford, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 Amaziah J. Barber, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 12th Infantry. 
 
 Major. 
 Luther B. Bruen, Laurel Hill, Va. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 John G. Read, zd Bull Run, Va. 
 Thomas M. Hulings, Spottsylvania Court House, Va. 
 
 Samuel S. Newbury, Weldon Railroad, Va. 
 
 Frederick Winthrop, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Vols., Five Forks, Va. 
 
 William Sergeant, Gravelly Run, Va. 
 
iz8 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Jean P. Wagner, Wilderness, Va. 
 August Eggemeyer, Bethesda Church, Va. 
 Thomas D. Urmston, Chapel House, Va. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 Charles F. Van Duzer, Gaines's Mill, Va. 
 Silas A. Miller, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 13th Infantry. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Edward C. Washington, Vicksburg, Miss. 
 
 Archibald H. Engle, Resaca, Ga. 
 
 Cornelius W. Tolles, Newton, Va. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Justus A. Boies, Vicksburg, Miss. 
 
 14th Infantry. 
 
 Captains. 
 Patrick E. Burke, Col. Vols., Rome Cross Roads, Ga. 
 
 Roderic Stone, Valverde, N. M. 
 
 Sullivan W. Burbank, Wilderness, Va. 
 
 Hamlin W. Keyes, Spottsylvania Court House, Va. 
 
 James F. McElhone, Bvt. Lieut.-CoL, Gaines's Mill, Va. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Warren W. Chamberlain, zd Bull Run, Va. 
 Daniel M. Broadhead, Wilderness, Va. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 George W. Hoover, Gaines's Mill, Va. 
 
 John K. Clay, Spottsylvania Court House, Va. 
 
 Thomas E. Collins, Wilderness, Va. 
 
AT WEST POINT 129 
 
 15th Infantry. 
 
 Captains. 
 William W. Wise, Stone River, Tenn. 
 
 Jacob B. Bell, Stone River, Tenn. 
 Charles G. Marker, Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Joseph C. Forbes, New Hope Church, Ga. 
 
 i6th Infantry. 
 
 Major. 
 Sidney Coolidge, Chickamauga, Ga. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 William H. Acker, Shiloh, Tenn. 
 George N. Bascom, Valverde, N. M. 
 
 Patrick T. Keyes, Shiloh, Tenn. 
 
 Alexander Hays, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Wilderness, Va. 
 
 Patrick Kelly, Col. Vols., Petersburg, Va. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Edward L. Mitchell, Shiloh, Tenn. 
 Homer H. Clark, Chickamauga, Ga. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Peter J. Coenzler, Mission Ridge, Tenn. 
 
 iyth Infantry. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Albert Dodd, Gaines's Mill, Va. 
 Henry J. McLandburgh, Fredericksburg, Va. 
 
 William J. Temple, Chancellorsville, Va. 
 Alexander Wilkin, Col. Vols., Tupelo, Miss. 
 9 
 
1 30 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 Charles T. Weld, Chancellorsville, Va. 
 
 William H. Chamberlin, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 Edward S. Abbot, Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 Frank E. Stimpson, Laurel Hill, Va. 
 
 John T. Dowling, Laurel Hill, Va. 
 
 i8th Infantry. 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Charles E. Denison, Murfreesboro, Tenn. 
 
 Charles L. Kneass, Murfreesboro, Tenn. 
 
 John A. Thompson, Hoover's Gap, Tenn. 
 
 First Lieutenants. 
 
 James Simons, Murfreesboro, Tenn. 
 
 Joseph McConnell, Murfreesboro, Tenn. 
 
 Charles L. Truman, Chickamauga, Ga. 
 
 Lucius F. Brown, Chickamauga, Ga. 
 
 Second Lieutenants. 
 
 John F. Hitchcock, Murfreesboro, Tenn. 
 John Lane, Chickamauga, Ga. 
 
 igth Infantry. 
 
 Majors. 
 
 Stephen D. Carpenter, Murfreesboro, Tenn. 
 George L. Willard, Col. Vols., Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 First Lieutenant. 
 Michael B. Fogarty, Chickamauga, Ga. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. 
 Charles F. Miller, Chickamauga, Ga. 
 
OF THB 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 

 ENLISTED MEN. 
 
 Battalion of Engineers. 
 
 Private Thomas Berry 
 
 Martin C. Kehoe 
 
 Ordnance Corps. 
 Carriage-maker Henry Thesang 
 
 Signal Corps. 
 Sergeant John Corrigan 
 Private Philip W. Ashton 
 
 Amos P. Barnes 
 Abraham E. Borden 
 
 Andrew P. Cobb 
 Alexander McCollim 
 
 General Service. 
 Private Thomas Ronon 
 
 1st U. S. Cavalry. 
 First Sergeant Henry Montraville 
 
 Frederick Papp 
 Sergeant Jasper R, Boyles 
 
132 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Thomas J. Clark 
 Edwin Chutland 
 
 James Kelly 
 
 Adolph Meyer 
 
 Thomas Montgomery 
 
 William Mulcahy 
 
 Charles Oertel 
 
 James Rathburn 
 
 James A. Samo 
 
 Corporal Henry C. Albert 
 
 William T. Bennett 
 
 Samuel A. Carr 
 
 William H. Cole 
 
 George A. Cullison 
 
 John Hall 
 James T. Holt 
 
 Peter Latti 
 
 Thomas Leary 
 
 John Mallen 
 
 Michael Mulcahy 
 
 Jacob McAtee 
 
 James O'Connor 
 
 Charles A. Tankersly 
 
 Charles Pfil 
 Lucius F. Walden 
 
 Adam Ziegler 
 
 Blacksmith Timothy Muldowny 
 
 Farrier Andrew Van Camp 
 
 Bugler William H. Burritt 
 
 Musician Frank Dawson 
 
 Private Hubbard Babcock 
 
 John Beacon 
 
 Samuel Bell 
 
 William Blumhardt 
 
AT WEST POINT 133 
 
 John B. Brown 
 
 Elijah Comstock 
 
 Jacob Deeds 
 
 Mark Dolby 
 
 August Echolett 
 
 Henry S. Fetrow 
 
 William Gallop 
 
 John A. Gibbons 
 
 Joseph Hagin 
 
 George Hannon 
 
 Warren F. Hedges 
 
 Frederick Hensinger 
 
 Charles Hoffman 
 
 Nelson Johnson 
 
 James Kearney 
 
 William Kellier 
 
 Lewis Ladue 
 John J. Livingston 
 
 Daniel Lynch 
 
 Martin V. Mathewson 
 
 John McCafferty 
 
 James McHugh 
 
 Hugh Meegan 
 
 Henry Miller 
 
 William J. Mincen 
 
 William Monroe 
 
 John Normoyle 
 
 John A. O' Carroll 
 
 George Ott 
 
 William Peter 
 John Radeford 
 Charles Reinstein 
 James Rodgers 
 William Scott 
 
 9 A 
 
i 3 4 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 John Smith 
 
 John M. Smith 
 
 Samuel Stinebarger 
 
 Jacob Steinhauser 
 
 John R. Sulivan 
 
 Thomas Thews 
 
 Peter Welgong 
 
 John F. Zeitler 
 
 2d U. S. Cavalry. 
 First Sergeant Ephriam Adams 
 
 Henry Kinzler 
 Sergeant Martin Bailey 
 
 James Carr 
 John D. Dunbar 
 Christian Fisher 
 
 James Hanna 
 
 Andrew Moore 
 
 Charles Vanmeter 
 
 Corporal John C. Annis 
 
 John Buckhardt 
 
 Stephen Hogan 
 
 William H. Keiger 
 
 Truman King 
 
 Patrick Morglu 
 
 Luke Ollis 
 
 Albert Roe 
 
 Edward Shuhey 
 
 Peter B. Worden 
 
 Martin Zimmer 
 
 Saddler David C. Dinim 
 
 Wilhelm Oleker 
 
 Bugler John Robinson 
 
 Private Richard F. Ambrose 
 
AT WEST POINT 135 
 
 Joseph Anderson 
 
 John Barrington 
 
 John Blael 
 
 Emil Briede 
 
 Ariel C. Chapin 
 
 Thomas Clark 
 
 John Conover 
 
 Samuel A. Cook 
 
 William Cooper 
 
 Thomas Corbeth 
 
 Andrew B. Couch 
 
 James Courtney 
 
 Daniel Crimmins 
 
 James Dean 
 
 Daniel Denison 
 
 John Driscoll 
 
 Joseph Eckels 
 
 Rudolph Engel 
 
 James Ferris 
 
 Philip Fitzsimons 
 
 Charles Frick 
 
 Michael Gahe 
 
 Edward Gorman 
 
 Harvey D. Haynes 
 
 Leo Henze 
 
 Frederic Hood 
 
 George Hozzell 
 
 Frederick Kauffman 
 
 William Kline 
 
 Patrick McArdle 
 
 John McCullough 
 
 Thomas McTague 
 
 Rodney A. Manning 
 
 Andrew L. Metts 
 
136 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Michael Mooney 
 Patrick Murray 
 
 Michael O'Brien 
 
 John Philips 
 
 Thomas N. Prentice 
 
 James Levens 
 
 Patrick Rhatigan 
 James Ruseher 
 Charles Smith 
 
 Samuel E. Smith 
 
 John T. Thompson 
 
 James Tryon 
 
 Charles W. Uber 
 
 Charles Williams 
 
 30* U. S. Cavalry. 
 
 Sergeant Thomas M. Brierley 
 
 John J. Knox 
 
 Francis O'Cain 
 
 Corporal James E. Brophey 
 
 Thomas Hughes 
 
 Bugler Albert Shott 
 
 Musician Henry Ebert 
 
 Private Peter Beatty 
 
 Theodore Braun 
 
 Edward Carey 
 
 William J. Dake 
 
 Edward Doyle 
 
 John Finn 
 Bartley Folan 
 James Hughes 
 
 John Lane 
 
 John Ludwig 
 
 James McDougal 
 
AT WEST POINT 137 
 
 Patrick Scanlon 
 
 Thomas Sharda 
 
 Eli W. Smith 
 
 Samuel Smith 
 
 Erley P. Turman 
 
 William E. Wade 
 
 John Weckesser 
 
 John H. Westervelt 
 
 4tb U. S. Cavalry. 
 
 Sergeant John Carmichael 
 
 Martin Murphy 
 
 John Rankin 
 Joseph B. Richmond 
 
 James Walsh 
 
 Corporal Martin Birmingham 
 
 Patrick Cuddehy 
 
 Phelix Cullan 
 
 Frederick Hall 
 
 Frederick W. Klein 
 
 George Phillips 
 
 Stephen Wetzberger 
 
 Farrier Alexander Millright 
 
 zd Class Musician Frederick Shafer 
 
 Alfred S. Toy 
 Private Frank Bars 
 
 John Baum 
 Bartholomew Burke 
 
 George Cassell 
 
 Commodore P. Cole 
 
 Charles Cowarden 
 
 Patrick Craven 
 David Daugherty 
 Robert P. Doyle 
 
138 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 John Entwhistle 
 
 Napoleon M. King 
 
 Andrew J. Mahoney 
 
 Daniel McDonell 
 
 James Orange 
 
 Archibald B. Orr 
 
 John Parsons 
 
 Levi L. Pettitt 
 
 Friend Pratt 
 
 Henry J. Preas 
 
 Fretrick Rhyman 
 
 Philip H. Sailer 
 
 William Sawyer 
 
 Adolph Stettler 
 
 Rodger Stokes 
 
 Patrick Tracy 
 
 Nathan Writhe 
 
 Colored Cook Jackson Kelley 
 
 Jib U. S. Cavalry. 
 Sergeant Thomas Barrett 
 
 John Doherty 
 Franklin S. Ginginer 
 
 Henry Hedrick 
 Corporal Charles E. Asher 
 
 David Courtney 
 George T. Crawford 
 
 Aquilla Hart 
 
 Michael Howard 
 
 James H. Oliver 
 
 Lewis J. Robage 
 
 Musician Christopher Buermann 
 
 Bugler Edward Feldhiene 
 
 Private Ira K. Bailey 
 
AT WEST POINT 139 
 
 Benni D. Bailey 
 
 John Bigmone 
 
 Clarence O. Bingen 
 
 John C. Burk 
 
 George Burrhus 
 
 Michael Canton 
 
 Walter R. Covington 
 
 Francis Croal 
 
 John Curran 
 
 Edward Dolan 
 
 Domian Erne 
 
 Patrick Galliger 
 
 Peter Gillasper 
 
 Samuel Gindrat 
 
 Francis Hogan 
 
 William Johns 
 
 Patrick Kenny 
 
 William H. King 
 
 William Larison 
 
 James Lason 
 
 William H. Lazier 
 
 Gustaf Lindell 
 
 Thomas Miller 
 
 Preston O. Morse 
 
 Charles Olens 
 Alexander Rayner 
 David F. Roberts 
 
 Barney Ryan 
 
 Charles W. Sanders 
 
 Jacob Schneider 
 
 John Schlotterer 
 
 George Segerer 
 
 John Siepe 
 Vinton T. Swallow 
 
THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 William Talday 
 
 Edmond Whelan 
 
 William W. Wright 
 
 Recruit Jacob Schlichter 
 
 6tb U. S. Cavalry. 
 
 Sergeant William Ellsworth 
 
 Miles L. Ten Eyck 
 
 James McCallister 
 
 John Pattinson 
 
 Frank Schweigus 
 
 Corporal William Alexander 
 
 Alonzo Ellsworth 
 
 John H. Erb 
 
 John Manice 
 
 David C. Oby 
 
 Saddler Robert McElroy 
 
 Bugler Edson S. Cooke 
 
 Private George D. Bartlett 
 
 George Beckert 
 
 Henry Borden 
 
 William A. Boyntion 
 
 Charles Croissant 
 
 Patrick Doyle 
 
 Henry Eisle 
 
 James Evans 
 
 Edward Falkner 
 
 John Fisher 
 
 James W. Gillispie 
 
 Lyman W. Hale 
 
 Joshua Heakin 
 
 Christian F. Hildenbrand 
 
 Abel A. Irish 
 
 James King 
 
AT WEST POINT 141 
 
 Conrad Klein 
 
 Thomas Lee 
 
 William D. Masters 
 
 William L. Mattern 
 
 Lue Merkle 
 Francis M. Miller 
 
 Lewis Negler 
 
 Charles O'Harra 
 
 Nathaniel B. Owen 
 
 Thomas J. Peterman 
 
 Jacob Poet 
 
 Nelson Remmington 
 
 William R. Reynolds 
 
 David A. Thaburn 
 
 William H. Thomas 
 
 William Vandevender 
 
 Joseph F. Vanzant 
 
 Spencer Viall 
 * Samuel Wilson 
 
 1st U. S. Artillery. 
 Sergeant Alfred J. Carber 
 
 Thomas Kirnan 
 Edward F. McNamara 
 
 Henry Rukert 
 Corporal William Ferguson 
 
 John W. Mahany 
 
 Musician John S. Blaney 
 
 Private James Allen 
 
 James Allum 
 
 Christian A. Andler 
 
 Charles Baker 
 
 Michael Barrey 
 
 William Bates 
 
142 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Edward Beavin 
 Henry Bergmann 
 
 John Buckley 
 
 Patrick Broderick 
 
 James Campbell 
 
 Rowland Card 
 
 John Casey 
 Daniel B. Chase 
 
 Philip Clarke 
 
 Daniel B. Cofrin 
 
 John Connellan 
 
 Charles Cooley 
 
 Daniel Curly 
 
 Michael Dillon 
 
 John Donoghue 
 
 Richard Forsyth 
 
 Edward Gallwey 
 
 Jacob Gilb 
 James Gilmore 
 
 John Gray 
 
 Arsenal H. Griffin 
 
 Edward Grove 
 
 Martin Halloran 
 
 Rollin E. Hartwell 
 
 Andrew Hauss 
 
 Horace Holmes 
 
 John Hopkins 
 
 Daniel Hough 
 
 Frank E. Houghton 
 
 John Irvin 
 
 Patrick Kerrigan 
 
 James Killion 
 
 John King 
 Abraham LaFayette 
 
AT WEST POINT 143 
 
 James Little 
 
 Samuel J. Lewis 
 
 John J. Mackey 
 
 John Marklein 
 
 Henry Miles 
 
 Patrick McGuinity 
 
 James R. Mooney 
 
 Andrew McLeer 
 
 George A. Nutter 9 
 
 Shako O'Brien 
 
 Thomas Padgett 
 
 Joseph H. Parslow 
 
 Henry Platt 
 Frederick Renard 
 Charles Rivers 
 John Roache 
 George Royce 
 Robert Rummler 
 John Shafer 
 John Shea 
 William H. Smith 
 August Stein 
 John Stoltz 
 Peter Struthers 
 James B. Terney 
 James F. Wheeler 
 William H. Whitehouse 
 
 John C. Wood 
 William S. Worcester 
 
 2d U. S. Artillery. 
 
 First Sergeant William Scott 
 
 Sergeant Samuel Bellinger 
 
 Herman O. Gotz 
 
 or THK 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
i 4 4 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Corporal George D. Cook 
 
 Josiah Steele 
 
 Private Franklin F. Allen 
 
 Charles Ammerman 
 
 William Baird 
 
 Garrett Barry 
 
 Henry Beck 
 
 John Bergamin 
 
 Adolphus Bhoy 
 
 John Campbell 
 
 William Cope 
 
 Martin Corbet 
 
 Hugh Donaghue 
 
 William Finley 
 
 Henry Foster 
 
 Vandy Franklin 
 
 Martin Gilroy 
 
 William H. Grover 
 
 William Guth 
 
 Randolph Hand 
 
 George Hang 
 
 Arthur Hardes 
 
 John Hitz 
 Henry Horstman 
 
 Jacob Huber 
 
 William Lacumber 
 
 Patrick Loughery 
 
 Joseph Margery 
 
 Charles Mathers 
 
 Emmore Moore 
 
 Michael S. Moriarty 
 
 John E. Mowrer 
 
 Timothy McSweeny 
 
 John B. Norris 
 
AT WEST POINT 145 
 
 Silvester Parker 
 
 Richard Powers 
 
 John Prisen 
 
 Philip Reehil 
 
 Charles Ritchie 
 
 George W. Ritchmond 
 
 John W. Semline 
 
 Daniel Spane 
 
 John W. Them 
 
 Augustus Van Dwingle 
 
 Oliver Wren 
 
 3d U. S. Artillery. 
 
 Sergeant Robert Ames 
 
 Bugler John W. Sarguson 
 
 Private Jacob Altheer 
 
 Ackerman Anderson 
 
 Mathew Ashton 
 
 Alfred Barnard 
 
 Benjamin Bayliss 
 
 George C. Bentley 
 
 Henry Boothbey 
 
 William Brown 
 
 Charles W. Carlton 
 
 Denis Carroll 
 
 John Clifford 
 
 Michael Conroy 
 
 Andrew Cooley 
 
 James George 
 
 Amos Y. Harry 
 
 Arthur Hughes 
 
 William H. Hurlbut 
 
 Francis M. Hutchings 
 
 Charles A. Kratka 
 
146 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 James King 
 Bernard Laughran 
 
 John Malone 
 
 Dennis Murphy 
 
 John Mclntyre 
 
 Sylvester Nordike 
 
 Charles H. Pinkham 
 
 Henry Reinschoss 
 
 Rudolph Richner 
 
 James Rice 
 
 James H. Riddel 
 
 Henry Schaffer 
 
 Jeremiah Shehan 
 
 Charles H. Taylor 
 
 Augustus Tainter 
 
 Perry S. White 
 
 Michael Woods 
 
 William Wright 
 
 4tb U. S. Artillery. 
 
 Sergeant Samuel L. Buell 
 
 Charles Ellis 
 
 Andrew Fay 
 
 Joseph Herzog 
 
 Corporal Frederick Bright 
 
 Theodore L. Williamson 
 
 Artificer Dennis Maloney 
 
 Bugler David R. Patrick 
 
 Private Benjamin Anderson 
 
 William Anderson 
 
 Christian Aungst 
 
 Richard Bannin 
 
 John Brown 
 
 John Burns 
 
AT WEST POINT 147 
 
 Jeremiah Butler 
 
 Joseph A. Campbell 
 
 Reuben A. Gary 
 
 Cosmas M. Cecil 
 
 Jacob Defren 
 
 Bartholomew Dempsey 
 
 Edward E. Doran 
 
 Andrew Dougherty 
 
 Edward Dunne 
 
 Bryan Charles Eagar 
 
 John Edgecombe 
 
 Henry Elmer 
 
 William E. Emory 
 
 Francis Enright 
 
 Ansel Fassett 
 
 Adolph Freitag 
 
 Franz A. Fugmann 
 
 Henry Geary 
 
 Shelby Gray 
 
 John Grennin 
 
 Dwight F. Griswold 
 
 George Haffner 
 
 George W. Hall 
 
 John Hickey 
 Charles F. Hoefer 
 
 Patrick Hogan 
 
 Samuel C. Hooker 
 
 William M. Howard 
 
 William Kavanagh 
 
 Bartly Kelly 
 
 Peter Kelly 
 
 Ellis A. Kingsbury 
 
 Timothy Larry 
 
 Andrew J. Lowe 
 
1 48 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Henry P. Lyons 
 
 John Marley 
 
 John Mayberry 
 
 William McNeal 
 
 David A. Meneilly 
 
 Andrew F. Missimer 
 
 James Murphy 
 
 Lewis Murphy 
 
 Patrick O'Connor 
 
 Willis H. Patrick 
 
 William Patton 
 
 Ervin L. Pepper 
 
 Samuel Powell 
 
 Luke Roach 
 
 Reuben Rowley 
 
 Gustavus Sachse 
 
 Patrick Savage 
 
 Martin Scanlon 
 
 Paul Schur 
 
 Frank Scudder 
 
 Peter Schutzle 
 
 John Sheahan 
 
 Franz Smith 
 
 Henry Strait 
 
 James Thompson 
 
 William Travillion 
 
 Norbare B. Walcott 
 
 Thomas Wallace 
 
 Edward H. Ward 
 
 Edward D. West 
 
 William H. Williams 
 
 George W. Yapp 
 
AT WEST POINT 149 
 
 5tb U. S. Artillery. 
 
 Sergeant David Cain Bickel 
 
 Frederick O'Donnell 
 
 James Scanlon 
 
 Corporal John Philip Edwin Brader 
 
 John Coushmaghnan 
 
 Thomas Davison 
 
 Martin Dooley 
 
 Michael Graham 
 
 George W. Houk 
 
 William Kirkwood 
 
 Michael McGrath 
 
 Charles V. Osborn 
 
 Artificer Jonathan Robeson 
 
 Private Alexander Allen 
 
 John Allen 
 
 John Andrews 
 
 Eugene Brower 
 
 Charles Burger 
 
 James Carrell 
 
 Robert Chamberlin 
 
 Thomas Cleary 
 
 John B. Cochran 
 
 John Collins 
 
 Joseph Cooper 
 
 John Costello 
 
 James Cullen 
 
 Frederick Deasonbach 
 
 Bernard Des Gouttes 
 
 Michael Driscoll 
 
 John Duffy 
 
 Christian Enzlan 
 
 Charles Geiger 
 
 Jacob Gobriel 
 
 IOA 
 
150 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Thomas Green 
 Lewis C. Griswold 
 
 Henry Harris 
 
 Francis Harrison 
 
 George Helshaw 
 
 Jesaias M. Heydt 
 
 Martin Higgins 
 
 James Hoobler 
 
 David T. Howard 
 
 Henry Jersey 
 
 Adonija Jewell. 
 
 Dennis Kennedy 
 
 Samuel W. Laffefty 
 
 Thomas Maloney 
 
 James Mathews 
 
 Robert Morrison 
 
 Francis Mourey 
 
 James F. McAulis 
 
 Martin McFadden 
 
 James McGlindon 
 
 John McMahon 
 
 John Munhall 
 
 William Naylor 
 
 Peter Nugent 
 
 James O'Brien 
 
 Michael O'Donnell 
 
 Henry Owens 
 
 Frank Packard 
 
 Ash ford Painter 
 
 Benjamin Putt 
 
 Frederick A. Reig 
 
 Henry Ripley 
 
 Samuel Rodenberger 
 
 Louis Row 
 
AT WEST POINT 151 
 
 Thomas C. Stone 
 
 Peter Sharrow 
 
 George Shafer 
 
 John Searfoss 
 
 Daniel E. Sickles 
 
 Jacob J. Snyder 
 
 Edwin H. Taylor 
 
 Leander Taylor 
 
 James Turner 
 
 Joseph W. Tuttle 
 
 Andrew Wagner 
 
 Denis Walks 
 
 John Walsh 
 
 Thomas Worts 
 
 ist U. S. Infantry. 
 Sergeant Joseph T. Nichols 
 
 Willis B. Worth 
 Corporal George I. Doller 
 
 Henry Harbold 
 
 Private Jacob Baehr 
 
 Adam Brangle 
 
 Edward Brawn 
 
 Patrick Daniel 
 
 James Doig 
 
 Samuel Furter 
 
 Sylvester Johnson 
 
 John Johnston 
 
 John Kerns 
 
 Ferdinand Knaut 
 
 August Kruger 
 
 William Lazarus 
 
 George W. Lee 
 
 John Long 
 
152 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 John Lynch 
 
 Daniel Murray 
 
 William McGann 
 
 Joseph A. Mciyiullan 
 
 Timothy Neligan 
 
 Edward O'Donnell 
 
 William Peacock 
 
 James Pinkerton 
 
 John Res 
 
 William F. Rock 
 
 Napoleon Sherzinger 
 
 Jacob Stahlman 
 
 Adam Sturm fels 
 
 2d U. S. Infantry. 
 
 >- First Sergeant Rudolph Thieme 
 
 Sergeant Thomas S. Camp 
 
 Werner Jahres 
 
 Thomas Madigan 
 
 Rudolph Zimmerman 
 
 Corporal George Butler 
 
 William H. Butler 
 
 William Carney 
 
 Ezra C. French 
 
 John Fullbright 
 
 James Kelly 
 Frederick Kousenmiller 
 
 Patrick Rourke 
 
 Musician Theodore A. Miller 
 
 Private William Bankhouse 
 
 William L. Barnes 
 
 Lawrence Belfour 
 
 Michael Bogan 
 
 William J. Bond 
 
AT WEST POINT 153 
 
 John Bradly 
 
 Robert Brown 
 
 George W. Bush 
 
 Terence Carroll 
 
 Francis R. Chesbro 
 
 Charles C. Cleaver 
 
 John Cooly 
 
 John Cooper 
 
 Thomas Cosgrove 
 
 Thomas E. Donnellan 
 
 Michael Donnelly 
 
 James Eugene 
 George D. Fenner 
 
 William Fitch 
 
 Michael Gonzel 
 
 Adam Groh 
 
 John Hare 
 
 Useb Harper 
 
 Louis Hartman 
 
 Michael Heath 
 
 Charles A. Hedges 
 
 William Heuratty 
 
 Peter Hickey 
 
 Walter Hill 
 
 William Hunter 
 
 William Johnson 
 
 Peter Kelly 
 
 James Kenny 
 
 John Kenney 
 
 Leslie Laporte 
 
 William Loyd 
 
 James Mackle 
 
 John Magarry 
 
 William Malony 
 
154 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 David Martin 
 
 James Meehan 
 
 August Meyer 
 
 Nicholas McDonough 
 
 Stephen McGinnity 
 
 Peter McNulty 
 
 Augustus Mier 
 
 James McGinn 
 
 William H. Nixon 
 
 Christian Orb 
 Maurice Pepper 
 George Reynolds 
 
 Lucus Rittler 
 
 James E. Rugers 
 
 Austin Sadler 
 
 John Selinon 
 
 James Sheehan 
 
 Joseph Shupfer 
 
 Godfrey Smith 
 
 Henry Smith 
 
 Augustus Stahl 
 
 Joseph Theiring 
 
 James Trainer 
 
 Frank Uhrman 
 
 N. D. Van Ormun 
 
 Francis Vanston 
 
 Michael Walsh 
 
 Patrick Welch 
 
 John Wells 
 
 John Weston 
 
 Richard White 
 
 John Willis 
 Patrick Woods 
 Homer Young 
 
AT WEST POINT 155 
 
 ^d U. S. Infantry. 
 
 First Sergeant Francis P. Litzinger 
 
 Corporal Charles H. Canwell 
 
 Harry Loraine 
 Malcolm J. Montford 
 
 John Toner 
 Private Nicholas Applebury 
 
 James Beaty 
 
 Gilbert H. Beverly 
 
 Peter Bingel 
 
 John Brennan 
 
 James County 
 
 Thomas Dalton 
 
 David Dreakes 
 
 Robert Furlong 
 
 John A. Gale 
 
 Michael Groustine 
 
 Robert Haley 
 William S. Holmes 
 
 Frederick Jansen 
 
 Benjamin F. Kellog 
 
 Thomas Kennedy 
 
 Maurice Knopfmacher 
 
 Caspard Kupferk 
 
 Mathew Lodin 
 
 Charles F. Long 
 
 John Murrey 
 
 Patrick McDonald 
 
 John McManamin 
 
 John Pyne 
 
 Philip Rodel 
 
 Luke Shaughnessy 
 
 Michael J. Smith 
 
 Patrick Sullivan 
 
156 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Peter Sullivan 
 
 Patrick Tighe 
 
 Mark White 
 
 Edward M. Williams 
 
 4th U. S. Infantry. 
 Sergeant Timb Doherty 
 
 John Flynn 
 Louis Planmann 
 
 John Riely 
 John J. Strain 
 
 Corporal Michael McGarvey 
 
 William O'Brien 
 
 German Restell 
 
 James Rogerson 
 
 Private Christian Albert 
 
 Ernest A. C. Aschemoor 
 
 William Bonner 
 
 Bernard Brady 
 
 Randall H. Brunning 
 
 Charles Caldwell 
 
 James M. Carroll 
 
 Michael Carroll 
 
 Frederick Case 
 
 Richard Casey 
 
 John Christensen 
 
 Uriah W. Clark 
 
 Thomas Conlin 
 
 Bernhard Douch 
 
 Christian Engers 
 
 Charles T. Fox 
 
 Henry Grazier 
 
 William Hamilton 
 
 William Harnett 
 
TIN 
 
 AT WEST POINT 157 
 
 William G. Harper 
 
 John Kahear 
 
 George Lemaine 
 
 Patrick Masterson 
 
 Bernard McCue 
 
 James McDonald 
 
 Roger McDonald 
 
 Daniel L. McGinn 
 
 Peter McManaman 
 
 -David Meredith 
 
 David Miller 
 
 Michael McCue 
 
 Michael McGuire 
 
 James O'Dowd 
 
 Gottlieb Ott 
 
 John Patterson 
 
 Thomas Peters 
 
 Isaac Rice 
 
 John Rourke 
 
 Bennet Robinson 
 
 Edward Simpson 
 
 Warner R. Thompson 
 
 Andreas Waker 
 
 U. S. Infantry. 
 First Sergeant Luther Sheppard 
 
 Sergeant John Stewart 
 
 Corporal Simon Rothschild 
 
 Henry Schlutter 
 
 Private John Ford 
 
 Nicholas Hayes 
 
 Joseph Hudson 
 
 Patrick Hughes 
 
 Andres Kinnberger 
 
158 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Thomas Leary 
 
 Jacob Levy 
 
 John Murphy 
 
 John Pollock 
 
 Francis Richard 
 
 John Sands 
 George A. Smith 
 
 6tb U. S. Infantry. 
 
 First Sergeant Julius Thetard 
 
 Sergeant Patrick Weare 
 
 Corporal Owen Leonard 
 
 James L. Lovett 
 
 Herman Westhus 
 
 Private Thomas Ainsworth 
 
 William Brown 
 
 James Campbell 
 
 Cornelius Collins 
 
 James Contoit 
 
 John Cook 
 
 Charles Costello 
 
 John Donoghue 
 
 James Dunlap 
 
 William Fenton 
 
 Frederick H. Hicks 
 
 Thomas Jackson 
 
 Patrick Kiernan 
 
 Barney Lafferty 
 
 Cornelius Leo 
 
 John Mahony 
 
 Patrick Mullen 
 
 Charles F. Niemetz 
 
 Patrick O'Keeffe 
 Joseph L. Pinkham 
 
AT WEST POINT 159 
 
 William L. Rutherford 
 
 Ransom B. Russell 
 
 Christian F. Schmidtzer 
 
 Henry Schultz 
 
 John Sullivan 
 
 John Wilson 
 
 Jtb U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Sergeant William James 
 
 James M. Rockwell 
 
 Timothy Sullivan 
 Corporal Gustavus Percy 
 
 John P. Rumbel 
 
 Private Thomas Arnold 
 
 John C. Ashton 
 
 John A. Bishop 
 
 Thomas Carey 
 
 John C. Connolly 
 
 William H. Curtis 
 
 John Douglas 
 
 John Ellard 
 
 John Fitzgerald 
 
 Joseph Folgen 
 
 Charles Forrest 
 
 Julius Furgeson 
 
 Eugene F. Gibbins 
 
 Michael Gill 
 
 Thomas Gilling 
 
 Alexander Gillon 
 
 John H. Jack 
 
 Cyrus Junkins 
 
 Emile M. Kahn 
 
 John Keenan 
 
 Peter Keim 
 
160 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Thomas Lawlare 
 
 Harvey Lary 
 
 John Liebrich 
 
 Joseph C. Labadie 
 
 William A. Mason 
 
 John Mee 
 
 William Muller 
 
 Bernard McBride 
 
 Peter McCue 
 James McDonald 
 
 James Nolan 
 Edward Nugent 
 James O'Briene 
 
 James Reilly 
 
 Pixlee Sherwood 
 
 George Smith 
 
 Patrick Smith 
 
 Philip Shoemaker 
 
 John Teahan 
 
 William Wilson 
 
 Frederick Winscher 
 
 8tb U. S. Infantry. 
 Private James Adams 
 
 William Bailey 
 James Cunningham 
 
 Robert Boyle 
 
 George O. Curtis 
 
 William Dougharty 
 
 William Gurl 
 
 John Hanley 
 
 Michael Hoag 
 
 John Latimer 
 Martin Molarcky 
 
AT WEST POINT 161 
 
 Christian W. Shafer 
 William Waldov 
 
 Qtb U. S. Infantry. 
 (None) 
 
 loth U. S. Infantry. 
 
 First Sergeant James Carroll 
 
 William K. Davis 
 
 John Kelly 
 Sergeant Daniel C. Ballard 
 
 Herman Buiter 
 
 Thomas Corcoran 
 
 Michael Finnaughty 
 
 Able Johnston 
 Corporal James Craig 
 
 John A. Crotty 
 Thomas H. Crotty 
 
 Charles Fischer 
 
 George W. Green 
 
 Robert Hayes 
 
 Charles Smith 
 
 Low D. Webb 
 
 Private Rudolph Arndt 
 
 John Battersbee 
 
 Francis Blake 
 
 Thomas Brady 
 
 John C. Brown 
 
 Patrick Burke 
 
 Darby Burns 
 
 Hazimier Canomski 
 
 Carl Christiansen 
 
 Francis M. Cleary 
 
 Peter Collins 
 
i6z THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Michael Crogan 
 
 Albert J. Cross 
 
 Wesley Dailey 
 
 James Daley 
 
 John E. Davis 
 
 Frank Depoire 
 
 Edwin Eeney 
 
 Michael Feeney 
 
 Thomas Fitzpatrick 
 
 Richard Gregg 
 
 George Harris 
 
 Matthew Harrison 
 
 Henry Heine 
 
 John Henderson 
 
 George W. Hicks 
 
 John Hoggan 
 
 John Igo 
 
 Hugh Jeffery 
 
 Stephen Jennings 
 
 Israel L. Jones 
 
 Mathew Kelly 
 
 Thomas Kelly 
 
 Michael Kennedy 
 
 Joseph Kremer 
 
 Owen Mahoney 
 
 Andrew Marshal 
 
 James Marx 
 
 George Meins 
 
 Frederick Miller 
 
 Samuel Miller 
 
 John B. Montgomery 
 
 Owen McGorman 
 
 Patrick McDonell 
 
 Peter McKenny 
 
AT WEST POINT 163 
 
 Frank Nelson 
 
 Michael Neville 
 
 John Noonan 
 
 Joseph Odgers 
 
 Michael O'Keefe 
 
 John C. Orwig 
 
 John Parker 
 
 Eail Payne 
 
 John Reichling 
 
 Jacob Rife 
 
 Emil Rotwitt 
 
 Henry Ruhr 
 
 William Schweer 
 
 Henry Schwep 
 
 John Wesley Smith 
 
 John D. Steel 
 Oliver P. Stewart 
 
 Edward Walsh 
 
 Charles W. Washburn 
 
 Recruit William H. Potter 
 
 nth U. S. Infantry. 
 First Sergeant Thomas O'Connor 
 
 John Remsen 
 
 Sergeant John P. Birmingham 
 
 Edward Britt, Jr. . 
 
 Frank W. Clock 
 
 Alfred E. Cook 
 
 William C. Fitzgerald 
 
 Patrick Fitzmorris 
 
 Henry Clay Ford 
 
 Francis Fuchs 
 
 James Henry 
 
 William H. Keys 
 
164 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Samuel Murphy 
 
 H. M. Reed 
 
 William H. Thomas 
 
 Corporal James B. F. Adams 
 
 Josiah S. Estabrook 
 
 James M. Fleming 
 
 Pulaski Jerome 
 
 Ephraim Sands 
 
 William P. Woodworth 
 
 William Wylie 
 
 Private Albert Anderson 
 
 Albert Ankerson 
 
 George A. Annis 
 
 Robert R. Armstrong 
 
 John L. Arnold 
 
 Joseph Bissonnette 
 
 Michael H. Bock 
 
 Charles W. Bodman 
 
 George J. Brown 
 
 Henry Brown 
 
 Michael Carew 
 
 James D. Cavenagh 
 
 John Clahane 
 
 John Conway 
 
 Philip Corrigan 
 
 John Creardon 
 
 Michael Curley 
 
 Mark Dempsey 
 
 Napoleon Dubue 
 
 Elias A. Dunkelberg 
 
 Albert P. Eagle 
 
 Alfred Esset 
 
 George W. Fales 
 
 Patrick Fallon 
 
AT WEST POINT 165 
 
 James Farrell 
 
 Michael Fitzgibbon 
 
 John Flangherty 
 
 Jeremiah Ford 
 
 Louis Fuchs 
 
 Benjamin F. Garland 
 
 Gedeon Germain 
 
 John Goff 
 
 John Hanna 
 
 Solomon Hannant 
 
 Charles Horton 
 
 George Jacobs 
 
 Otho Jenkins 
 
 Darwin Johnson 
 
 James Kelley 
 
 John Keenan 
 
 Jonas Keim 
 
 Thomas Kennedy 
 
 Thomas W. Laurence 
 
 George LaMountain 
 
 Henry Lasinger 
 
 Henry L. Leighton 
 
 Timothy Lowry 
 
 Thomas Mallon 
 
 Albert Mattice 
 
 William Mears 
 
 Gottlieb Metsger 
 
 John Miller 
 
 James F. Mitchell 
 
 Patrick Molloy 
 
 James Moonay 
 
 Casimire Morain 
 
 John T. Myers 
 
 John McCluskey 
 
 HA 
 
1 66 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Alcott D. McKeen 
 
 Charles McElroy 
 
 Private John O'Keefe 
 
 Richard Parsons 
 
 Andrew W. Perkins 
 
 John H. Ransom 
 
 Henry Reals 
 William Rising 
 
 John Roach 
 Stapylton Robinson 
 
 George Ryan 
 Thomas F. Ryan 
 
 George Scott 
 
 Andreas Selyelie 
 
 Frank Sheldon 
 
 James L. Sholes 
 
 George J. Simpson 
 
 William I. Sloan 
 
 Oliver J. Stork 
 
 Levi Strickland 
 
 Hubert Stone 
 
 William Sullivan 
 
 William H. Sullivan 
 
 James Sweeney 
 
 Henry Thron 
 
 Charles H. Tinker 
 
 Willard Twichell 
 
 George Vanbuskirk 
 
 William Walace 
 
 Charles Watkins 
 
 Virgil I. Wheeler 
 
 Luke White 
 
 David Wright 
 
 Amos B. Wilcox 
 
 Charles Wilson 
 
AT WEST POINT 167 
 
 I2tb U. S. Infantry. 
 
 First Sergeant Richard Blakely 
 
 Kasper Dusmann 
 
 Thomas Earley 
 
 Sergeant Peter Black 
 
 William A. Eichelberger 
 
 Charles Meeks 
 Joseph Morrison 
 Valentine B. Oaks 
 
 Hugh Rogers 
 
 Michael Shannahan 
 
 Corporal Ithamer Barbur 
 
 William H. Brundage 
 
 Charles E. Dunn 
 
 Morgan Flanders 
 
 John B. McLaughlin 
 
 James M. Nelson 
 
 William Over 
 
 Francis Tracey 
 
 Samuel J. Walton 
 
 George M. Wark 
 
 Joel White 
 
 Ludwig Wittstock 
 
 Private George Abender 
 
 James Aiken 
 
 Charles Andrus 
 
 William Armstrong 
 
 Joseph Ashborne 
 
 Patrick Ayres 
 
 William D. Baldwin 
 
 Anthony Barrett 
 
 Solomon Bell 
 
 John Biggs 
 
 Benjamin F. Black 
 
 Justin S. Booth 
 
i68 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Anthony Bush 
 
 Ezra Carter 
 
 James Cassidy 
 
 Joseph Champlain 
 
 John Chard 
 Aurora S. Chatfield 
 
 John Clark 
 Patrick Crawford . 
 George Comstock 
 
 John Currie 
 
 Jacob P. Cutright 
 
 James T. Davis 
 
 Michael Donavan 
 
 Hiram Dunning 
 
 William Dushon 
 
 Levi Eells 
 
 Solomon Eldridge 
 
 Patrick Gartland 
 
 Eugene Gerard 
 
 Philip Glessner 
 
 John Gray 
 
 Samuel Green 
 
 Edward M. Hammond 
 
 William Hannegan 
 George M. Harrington 
 
 John Higgins 
 
 Charles Hinniker 
 
 William H. Hoffman 
 
 Samuel Hyland 
 
 Martin James 
 
 Jacob Johnson 
 
 Reuben Kelley 
 
 Daniel Kenney 
 
 Christopher Kimbley 
 
AT WEST POINT 169 
 
 George W. Kinney 
 
 Edward Kirwin 
 
 Edward Kiser 
 
 Benjamin F. Lee 
 
 Adrian Lucas 
 
 Thomas Lyons 
 
 Edward Maloney 
 
 Stephen Markham 
 
 Hugh McGowen 
 
 Alexander McMillen 
 
 Patrick Meagher 
 
 Isaac Mellin 
 Henry C. Mereness 
 
 John Moles 
 Thomas Morgan 
 
 Levi Morway 
 
 David D. Moser 
 
 Edward McCann 
 
 John McManus 
 
 George Neeger 
 
 James O' Conner 
 
 William O'Grady 
 
 Jonathan Oliver 
 
 Andrew O'Neil 
 
 Albert Parker 
 
 George H. Patterson . 
 
 Alonson Pearce 
 
 Martin Pringle 
 
 Patrick Quigley 
 
 Thomas Richards 
 
 William Riley 
 
 Joseph Robbe 
 
 Frank Schiffmacher 
 
 John L. Shackelford 
 
 ; 
 
 THK 
 
1 70 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Charles Shaile 
 
 Charles Shellhert 
 
 James M. Sivine 
 
 LaFayette G. Smith 
 
 David Stancleft 
 
 Edward N. Stewart 
 
 Edgar I. Town 
 
 Lewis Ward 
 
 Frank Watier 
 
 George Werner 
 
 George Whiting 
 
 Noah Wickersham 
 
 John Wilkie 
 
 Zule Witsel 
 
 Charles Wright 
 
 John Wyne 
 
 ijtb U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Sergeant-Major George W. Steever 
 
 First Sergeant Frank Dilworth 
 
 Sergeant James E. Browne 
 
 Charles H. Ludlow 
 
 John C. Matthews 
 
 Milo J. Somers 
 
 Jesse B. Webster 
 
 Corporal Edward Maher 
 
 Daniel T. Payne 
 
 Asahel Skinner 
 
 Robert H. Slate 
 
 Henry Yank 
 
 Musician George Haney 
 
 Private Richard Bailey 
 
 John Beringer 
 Jacob H. Bumgardner 
 
AT WEST POINT 171 
 
 Clark Burris 
 
 Thomas Cassidy 
 
 William H. Clair 
 
 Joseph C. Cramer 
 
 John Danaha 
 
 Thatcher O. Danforth 
 
 Alonzo S. Eaton 
 
 Dennis Flynn 
 
 John Gillespie 
 
 John Glancy 
 
 Edward Hamilton 
 
 John Hampson 
 William H. H. Harrison 
 
 Alfred Hastings 
 
 Asaph K. Hildreth 
 
 Christopher Hite 
 
 Anton Jeager 
 George H. Johnson 
 
 John C. Kimble 
 Augustus G. Laban 
 
 John Lamer 
 
 Daniel Lienhardt 
 
 Henry Lurink 
 
 John Maggert 
 
 William Miller 
 
 Charles H. Mooers 
 
 James Nash 
 
 Richard H. Palmer 
 
 Frank Roberts 
 
 Gottfred Rocht 
 
 Charles Schroeder 
 
 William P. Sims 
 
 Thomas Warner 
 
 Charles Wheaton 
 
THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Michael Winn 
 Edward D. Wood 
 
 I4tb U. S. Infantry. 
 
 First Sergeant Joseph Stengele 
 
 Sergeant John F. Barnes 
 
 John Doyle 
 
 John Collins 
 
 Albert Funke 
 
 Jesse A. Ingersoll 
 
 Francis L. Theremin 
 
 Albert M. Welles 
 
 James Williams 
 
 Thomas F. Wise 
 
 Corporal William H. H. Barnhart 
 
 Joel Edmund Benton 
 
 Francis Burchard 
 
 John Burke 
 
 Daniel Cavanagh 
 
 Lewis F. Colton 
 
 William A. Fay 
 
 Gustav Fomm 
 
 James Green 
 
 Milles Jamerson 
 
 John Laffin 
 
 George Meyers 
 
 William H. Reed 
 
 Augustus S. Vogintz 
 
 James Worrell 
 Private William U. Aid 
 
 John W. Allen 
 James A. Alexander 
 
 Abram Baker 
 Marion Bartholf 
 
AT WEST POINT 1?3 
 
 Lewis Berkfelt 
 
 John Bonaparte 
 
 William J. Boyle 
 
 Warner Brown 
 
 Edward Burns 
 
 Harrison Carkin 
 
 Samuel Carnes 
 
 Patrick Cassidy 
 
 Hiram Cole 
 
 Parker C. Colladay 
 
 George Compton 
 
 Patrick Cooney 
 
 Nathaniel B. Copp 
 
 Arthur Cosgrove 
 
 Paul S. Crosby 
 
 John Gushing 
 
 Gurdin B. Dart 
 
 John Davidson 
 
 Patrick Degnan 
 
 Thomas Diamon 
 
 Michael Donohue 
 
 William Driesbach 
 
 Dennis Driscoll 
 
 John M. Easby 
 
 James Eagin 
 
 Hector Fan ton 
 
 John Farrell 
 
 Charles Fees 
 
 John Fitzgerald 
 
 John Foley 
 
 Henry Francis 
 
 Robert Franey 
 
 Dudley Gordon 
 
 James Gordon 
 
174 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Samuel W. Goodall 
 
 Frederick Grasper 
 
 John Green 
 
 Allen Hadley 
 
 William D. Hammonds 
 
 Thomas Hannah 
 
 William Harris 
 
 James Hart 
 
 Hiram Haynes 
 
 John C. Heath 
 
 Jackson Henion 
 
 Barney Horan 
 
 John L. Horton 
 
 Edmund W. Howard 
 
 Horace P. Howd 
 
 Andrew J. Hughes 
 
 John Jefferies 
 
 William Jenner 
 
 Moses Jones 
 
 Henry Keast 
 
 Tracy A. Kellogg 
 
 Albert Kendall 
 Christopher Klenk 
 Duncan Langmuir 
 
 Patrick Larkin 
 
 Michael Ledwitch 
 
 Byron Loomis 
 
 Andrew Love 
 
 David Loyall 
 
 Charles Lucua 
 
 Martin Luhtz 
 
 Dennis Martin 
 
 Nicholas W. Millis 
 
 John McAlpine 
 
AT WEST POINT 175 
 
 Arthur McCune 
 
 John McDonald 
 
 Thomas McDonald 
 
 James McManus 
 
 John McSorley 
 
 Peter Millmore 
 
 James Minogue 
 
 Walter Moll 
 James Morrison 
 Thomas Murray 
 
 John Mooney 
 
 Thomas Mulligan 
 
 Hiram Newman 
 
 Thomas Noonen 
 
 Charles O' Conner 
 
 Patrick O'Neill 
 Edwin G. Osgood 
 
 Joshua Peck 
 Sidney R. Peterson 
 Charles N. Phillips 
 
 Patrick Power 
 
 William Prescott 
 
 Ezra Prindle 
 
 David Regan 
 
 Oliver Robbins 
 
 Hiram B. Robinson 
 
 Martin Roney 
 Charles Schirmer 
 
 Ozias Shank 
 
 Thomas E. Sheets 
 
 Richard Simpkins 
 
 Simon Singerling 
 
 George Slade 
 
 George Smith 
 
176 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Samuel S. Smith 
 
 John Smith 
 
 Henry Snider 
 
 George Stadler 
 
 Edson Stevens 
 
 Frederick Stevens 
 
 William H. Swartz 
 
 Robert Swindells 
 
 James Trusdell 
 George F. Turner 
 
 Ezra Vallean 
 
 Edward Vining 
 
 . Mark Ward 
 
 George Watson 
 
 Sidney Way 
 
 John Weik 
 
 Erastus D. Woodman 
 
 Playford Woods 
 
 U. S. Infantry. 
 First Sergeant Edward Cummings 
 
 Charles Kelling 
 
 Sergeant William H. Benson 
 
 Peter Byrnes 
 
 Peter Hartz 
 
 John G. Hughes 
 
 John Kanable 
 
 Edward Quinn 
 
 Corporal Augustus Brown 
 
 Daniel Butler 
 
 John Carr 
 
 Charles Wesley Chessroun 
 * Samuel T. Davis 
 J. Henry Ferris 
 
AT WEST POINT 
 
 Thomas M. Irwin 
 William McDonald 
 
 Thomas Price 
 
 Musician Patrick Burns 
 
 Private Robert Adams 
 
 Mathias Akerman 
 
 Jacob Aumiller 
 
 John Bawer 
 
 Jonathan Blaker 
 
 Franklin Blanz 
 
 David Bowman 
 
 Chester Brown 
 
 Isaac Bubb 
 
 Archelaus Card 
 
 Joseph A. Cellar 
 
 Andrew J. Collins 
 
 William E. Coyn 
 
 John Cradle 
 
 Henry Darwood 
 
 Isaac Debore 
 
 Isaac Detwiler 
 
 Enoch Dunham 
 
 Andrew Duttry 
 
 Thomas Findly 
 
 Samuel Finley 
 
 Elias Fissel 
 
 Patrick Fits 
 
 John Frank 
 
 Ithiner Gatton 
 
 Benjamin Geph 
 
 Gustave Gericke 
 
 Peter Gilooly 
 Jesse B. Goodsell 
 Elias K. Gruver 
 
178 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 David Hartz 
 
 William M. Hatch 
 
 Henry M. Hayden 
 
 Lawrence Hayes 
 
 Thomas Hegan 
 
 William Hennicy 
 
 Jacob Hexamer 
 
 Edward Higley 
 
 William H. Hoover 
 
 Robert M. Horner 
 
 Robert Howell 
 
 Vincent Jester 
 
 David Jones 
 
 William Kappel 
 
 William Ambrose King 
 
 Harrison Kinney 
 
 Emanuel Kritzer 
 
 Joseph T. R. Lamb 
 
 William Leiby 
 
 James H. Lemon 
 
 Francis M. LeRoy 
 
 Isaiah Lomison 
 
 John Marrs 
 
 John Marshall 
 
 John W. Marshgrove 
 
 Christian F. Matznick 
 
 John Mauk 
 
 Samuel Mehaffey 
 
 Franklin Meson 
 
 John Murphy 
 
 William McCall 
 
 Florence McCarty 
 
 James H. McDowell 
 
 Daniel McGowan 
 
AT WEST POINT 179 
 
 James McKinley 
 
 Robert Miller 
 
 Edward Moran 
 
 Michael McCabe 
 
 Patrick McDonald 
 
 Daniel Neely 
 
 Samuel Newcomb 
 
 Cyrus Newman 
 
 Jeremiah Nichols 
 
 Samuel G. Nunveller 
 
 Joshua W. Patten 
 
 David Perry 
 
 Joshua M. Prevost 
 
 Farrel Queenan 
 
 Suton B. Quin 
 
 Robert Raison 
 
 Alex. C. Ramsey 
 
 Daniel Reichart 
 
 Josephus Reis 
 
 Benjamin Riddle 
 
 Edward Rogers 
 
 Hamilton W. C. Roney 
 
 Newton Root 
 
 John Rourke 
 
 Robert Ruttman 
 
 Joseph Sandbach 
 
 Benjamin Scott 
 
 Thomas J. Scutt 
 
 Philip Sep 
 
 Harrison C. Smith 
 
 Jesse Sponsler 
 
 Joseph Styer 
 
 Thomas Suthers 
 
 Martin V. Suttle 
 
i8o THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 John Sweaney 
 
 Henry Symington 
 
 Charles W. Thompson 
 
 George Townsend 
 Charles H. Umbaugh 
 
 Lewis Vasion 
 Gustavus Vincent 
 
 John Walsh 
 
 William E. Walter 
 
 Harrison Wannamacher 
 
 John Waugh 
 
 Thomas E. Whiteside 
 
 David Wise 
 
 l6tb U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Commissary Sergeant James M. Howe 
 
 Sergeant Brice Veirs Baker 
 
 William D. Reynolds 
 
 Corporal Thomas Donahue 
 
 David C. Jennings 
 
 Alexander Kinkaid 
 
 Thomas O'Neill 
 
 Robert Robinson 
 
 Cortland Wells 
 
 Private Samuel C. Adams 
 
 Walter F. Amos 
 
 Hallett W. Barber 
 
 Alexander Boyle 
 
 Edward Brady 
 
 Amos Brainard 
 
 James Brooks 
 
 James Buck 
 
 Thomas Caldwell 
 
 Patrick Canon 
 
AT WEST POINT 181 
 
 Erastus Cheedle 
 
 Frank Clark 
 
 Jacob Clement 
 
 Christian Corai 
 
 John Crabtree 
 
 Solomon H. Curtis 
 
 James Darcy 
 Gregory Drouillard 
 
 John Dubi 
 
 Fernando Ferguson 
 
 Carl Fjetterstrom 
 
 Nathan Frost 
 George E. Galligher 
 
 James Gillick 
 
 Francis A. Gilson 
 
 Nicholas Ginsburg 
 
 Nicholas Growney 
 
 John Harrison 
 
 Joseph Harper 
 
 Nicholas Hendelong 
 
 William J. Hendrickson 
 
 Martin Herrix 
 William Howard 
 
 John Hurley 
 
 George P. Hutchinson 
 
 Frederick Kalenbach 
 
 Patrick Keho 
 
 Michael Kilmartin 
 
 William J. Leslie 
 
 Benjamin Lewis 
 
 James B. Lewis 
 
 Hugh Livingston 
 
 Charles Lyons 
 
 George Mahon 
 
 I2A 
 
1 82 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Charles A. Mann 
 
 Amos Mellott 
 
 Elias Minnich 
 
 Patrick Murphy 
 
 Felix McCarthy 
 
 Patrick McCaughy 
 
 John McLeod 
 
 Martin O'Connor 
 
 John Olson 
 
 Louis Orth 
 
 Dennis O' Sullivan 
 
 Thomas Owens 
 
 Charles Page 
 Lemuel K. Palmer 
 Ami Curtis Perry 
 
 Robert Pitts 
 
 George L. Pooler 
 
 Samuel Robinson 
 
 Robert W. Russell 
 
 James Saunders 
 Warren E. Sawyer 
 
 Coleman Shuff 
 
 Benjamin F. Silsby 
 
 Aaron Simons 
 
 Richard Stanley 
 
 Charles B. Stiteler 
 
 Hanson Stocdal 
 
 John Stokes 
 
 Samuel Swainbank 
 
 Wilford Trueblood 
 
 Valentine Vigar 
 
 Charles West 
 
 Zacariah G. White 
 
 John Williams 
 
AT WEST POINT 183 
 
 iftb U. S. Infantry. 
 
 First Sergeant William H. T. Hogan 
 
 Sergeant Silas P. Blanchard 
 
 James M. Downs 
 
 Charles P. Giles 
 
 Henry P. Hyde 
 
 Henry J. Madison 
 
 Ransom L. Smith 
 
 Corporal Stephen G. Armstrong 
 
 Elias H. Baker 
 
 John Elliott 
 Dennis Fitzpatrick 
 Francis D. Gould 
 
 James Mitchell 
 
 John S. Pomeroy 
 
 John W. M. Small 
 
 John C. Wadsworth 
 
 Lester F. Wells 
 
 Private Albion T. E. Avery 
 
 Albert I. Allard 
 
 William F. Banks 
 
 Patrick Baron 
 
 Enos S. Bishop 
 
 Thomas Brozzen 
 
 David Burke 
 
 Charles P. Butler 
 
 William A. Byrne 
 
 William Cahill 
 
 Washington Cole 
 
 Daniel J. Conant 
 
 Solon L. Cornell 
 
 William J. Cottell 
 
 David Crider 
 
 William Duffy 
 
1 84 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Alphonso Estes 
 
 John Finton 
 
 Patrick Flood 
 
 Frederick W. Cans 
 
 Albert M. Gould 
 
 Michael Hallinan 
 
 George G. Hammond 
 
 Joseph Henny 
 
 Ephraim Holmes 
 
 Edwin A. Howard 
 
 Rufus B. Jameson 
 
 Thomas Kearney 
 
 George M. Kennerson 
 
 Louis Kilborn 
 
 Marcus Killam 
 
 John King 
 
 Michael King 
 
 Michael Landers 
 
 Nathaniel Lombard 
 
 Thomas Lynn 
 
 James Mangan 
 
 Michael Marshal 
 
 Patrick Mehan 
 
 James Merrill 
 
 Charles H. Miller 
 
 Jacob Mitchell 
 
 Michael Murphy 
 
 Samuel Murray 
 
 James McHough 
 
 John McMahon 
 
 Barney McNamee 
 
 Erskine E. McMillan 
 
 Amos Newland 
 Stover W. Nichols 
 
AT WEST POINT 185 
 
 Patrick O J Brian 
 
 Bartholomew O'Donnell 
 
 Michael O'Kane 
 
 George W. Paul 
 
 William Pender 
 
 Robert Perkins 
 
 Orlando H. Powers 
 
 Joseph Prince 
 
 George C. Prouty 
 
 William Schmidt 
 
 Fairy Selem 
 Sebastian Shaffer 
 
 George Sites 
 
 Carl Joseph Standar 
 
 Benjamin Stone 
 
 Edward Sullivan 
 
 Charles H. Temple 
 
 Henry Thompson 
 
 Isaac Travis 
 
 Josiah Victory 
 
 Charles H. Whitney 
 
 Constantine Yeker 
 
 i8tb U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Sergeant- Major Christopher Peterson 
 
 First Sergeant Zenas Dunham 
 
 Ruggels Elrick 
 
 George F. White 
 
 Sergeant James Barrett 
 
 John G. Boyce 
 
 Cheyney H. Dawson 
 
 Samuel Dobbins 
 
 Amos Flegal 
 Solomon Greenley 
 
1 86 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Henry Headley 
 
 Thomas W. Jesse 
 
 William P. Leibole 
 
 William D. Madeira 
 
 Thomas Shonessy 
 
 William Tombon 
 
 Tunis H. Swick 
 
 Joseph F. Wether 
 
 Corporal Jesse H. Brooks 
 
 Bernard C. Connelly 
 
 Joseph H. Dodds 
 
 John C. Donnelly 
 
 Warren D. Estabrook 
 
 John Falter 
 
 Alexander Goodwell 
 
 Joseph L. Harcourt 
 
 William H. Himes 
 
 Samuel Hobill 
 
 Jacob Leibole 
 
 John Linebaugh 
 
 Isaac Linn 
 
 Thomas J. Long 
 
 James Lowden 
 
 Engelbert A. Miller 
 
 Uriah H. McDowell 
 
 Patrick O'Connors 
 
 Francis M. Philippi 
 
 William Walter 
 
 Musician James Marsh 
 
 Private James Adair 
 
 John Alberty 
 
 Peter Altmeyer 
 
 James Anderson 
 
 James A. Anderson 
 
AT WEST POINT 187 
 
 Charles Argus 
 
 S. T. Armstrong 
 
 John W. Arthur 
 
 William Baglin, Jr. 
 
 Gordon Beard 
 
 Ezra Beckwith 
 
 William H. Bellfield 
 
 Isaac Bemesdarfer 
 
 Edwin Benjamin 
 
 Andrew Bowers 
 
 Jacob Bike 
 
 Jacob Blessing 
 
 Joseph Bray 
 
 Bernard Brinck 
 
 George Brooks 
 
 Preston Brown 
 
 Henry Burns 
 
 Martin Burr 
 
 George W, Burton 
 
 Adolphus Caio 
 
 Arthur D. Cantrell 
 
 John J. Carmean 
 
 John Cashiell 
 
 John W. Cass 
 
 Bishop Church 
 
 Miller Clark 
 
 Abraham Combs 
 
 Andrew J. Connor 
 
 William Cornwall 
 
 William H. Crandall 
 
 Edward Cunningham 
 
 Samuel Daihl 
 
 Thomas B. Daniels 
 
 Alexander Dean 
 
1 88 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Thompson J. W. Devor 
 William H. Diehl 
 
 James Dixon 
 
 William Durller 
 
 George Eckert 
 
 Joseph F. Elcbeck 
 
 William Ennis 
 
 Joseph A. Ensign 
 
 Valentine Farrenkoff 
 
 James S. Fisher 
 
 James Fitzgerald 
 
 Willis B. Fitzgerald 
 
 Franklin S. Frick 
 
 John Fussalmann 
 
 Michael Gallivin 
 
 Philip Gorsuck 
 
 William Gray 
 
 Mahlon F. Hancock 
 
 James Handley 
 
 Elisha Harper 
 
 James Harrisson 
 
 John T. Havice 
 
 Jarret Claiborn Headington 
 
 Alexander Helmold 
 
 Moses C. Helvirson 
 
 Ambrose Higgins 
 
 Ferdinand Hill 
 
 Samuel Hill 
 Nicholas Holsbach 
 
 Joseph Hook 
 
 Jeremiah Howald 
 
 George W. Hoyt 
 
 Thomas Porter Hunley 
 
 W. W. Hutchison 
 
AT WEST POINT 189 
 
 Joseph A. Hynus 
 
 John Jacobee 
 
 Joel Jacobs 
 
 John Jewel 
 
 Isaac B. Jones 
 
 Richard J. Jones 
 
 Frank Kelley 
 
 Fredric H. Kiest 
 
 George W. Kleckner 
 
 Daniel Kring 
 
 Edward P. Lacey 
 
 Charles W. Laff 
 
 Michael Larkin 
 
 William H. Larrowe 
 
 Anthony Livingston 
 
 Joseph Luken 
 James B. Massey 
 Francis Masterson 
 
 John Merten 
 
 Thomas Mooney 
 
 George H. Morrison 
 
 Samuel Mowrer 
 Patrick McDonnell 
 
 Peter Murphy 
 
 James W. McAdow 
 
 Alfred M. McGinnis 
 
 Robert McGuire 
 
 Thomas Nary 
 
 Robert F. Nightingale 
 
 Dennis O'Brien 
 
 James O'Neill 
 
 John O'Hara 
 
 James Ostrander 
 
 Samuel Palmer 
 
1 9 o THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 John W. Parsons 
 
 Thornton Perry 
 
 Harvey Peters, Jr. 
 
 John W. Peters 
 William L. Pinney 
 
 Emery Plumley 
 
 George H. Poorman 
 
 Timothy Quinn 
 
 Martin Rapstock 
 
 Nathan Ray 
 
 Stephen Ray 
 
 David Redmon 
 
 Charles Reifenberg 
 
 Samuel C. Rhoads 
 
 Henry Rider 
 
 Charles Roberson 
 
 William H. Robey 
 
 Amos Robins 
 
 Patrick Savage 
 
 Joseph W. Sawyer 
 
 James M. Saxton 
 
 Theodore Schmitz 
 
 Charles Schreck 
 
 Hugh Scolan 
 
 Gideon W. B. Searight 
 
 Jacob Shaffer 
 
 Amos Sherman 
 
 Isaac S. Shoffner 
 
 Christian Shrack 
 
 George Shuler 
 
 William Sieg 
 
 Joseph Harrison Silk 
 
 George B. Smith 
 
 Harrison D. Smith 
 
AT WEST POINT 191 
 
 Henry D. Smith 
 
 James Smith 
 John M. Smith 
 
 David Sours 
 
 George W. Stierhof 
 
 David D. Stine 
 
 George W. Stone 
 
 Francis Stoufer 
 
 George W. Stover 
 
 Martin V. Swank 
 
 William H. Swisher 
 
 Abraham Tabler 
 
 Jonas Tallhamer 
 
 Newton Tharp 
 
 William H. Thomas 
 
 James Thompson 
 
 John Henry Tieman 
 
 Jonathan Trueblood 
 
 George Waterfield 
 
 Alexander White 
 
 William E. Wilison 
 
 Isaac Wilson 
 
 John Wilson 
 
 Joseph Wosmer 
 
 Franklin Zimmerman 
 
 i$tb U. S. Infantry. 
 
 Sergeant James F. Day 
 
 Patrick Leonard 
 
 John H. Topky 
 
 Corporal Lewis Bols 
 
 Nicholas Clemenz 
 
 Benjamin Davis 
 
 Thomas Doyle 
 
i 9 2 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Joseph Purer 
 Frederick Kunzel 
 
 John Reed 
 Alexander Van Dolkum 
 
 John R. Waller 
 Private John W. Barnes 
 
 John Boyer 
 
 Thomas Brennen 
 
 Charles Brown 
 
 David M. Chubb 
 
 John Dignan 
 
 Townsend E. Fall 
 
 Alexander Filson 
 
 Michael P. Fishell 
 
 David Gifford 
 
 George Goettinger 
 
 Edward Gorman 
 
 Bernard Haggerty 
 
 Joseph Hendricks 
 
 Samuel C. Higgins 
 
 Alexander Hood 
 
 Peter Laughlin 
 
 Aaron Luther 
 
 Patrick Lynch 
 
 William Manning 
 
 George W. McGuinn 
 
 John O'Brien 
 
 James Pierson 
 
 Henry Porter 
 
 John Quinn 
 
 Willhun Randall 
 
 William Resor 
 
 Jacob Romig 
 
 John Schilbe 
 
AT WEST POINT 193 
 
 Philip Schrom 
 
 Henry Shul 
 
 Adam Smith 
 
 James Smith 
 
 Claiborne Taliafero 
 
 Charles Tanner 
 
 Paul Tatem 
 
 Henry Thompson 
 
 Henry T. Tibbits 
 
 John Wilger 
 
RECAPITULATION 
 
 Total number of officers killed . ;> . . . 188 
 
 Total' number of enlisted men killed .;.;. . ." 2042 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 General Officers . . .... . . 2 
 
 General Staff Officers . . ' . 4 
 
 Staff Corps. 
 
 Corps of Engineers .... 7 
 
 Corps of Topographical Engineers ... 2 
 
 Ordnance Department . ... 2 
 
 Total Staff Corps 1 1 
 
 Cavalry. 
 
 ist Cavalry . 8 4th Cavalry . . 5 
 
 2d Cavalry . . 5 5th Cavalry * 8 
 
 3d Cavalry . . 2 6th Cavalry . . 8 
 
 Total Cavalry 36 
 194 
 
AT WEST POINT 195 
 
 Artillery. 
 
 ist Artillery . . 8 4th Artillery . .. 6 
 
 zd Artillery . 5 5th Artillery . . 10 
 3d Artillery . . 3 
 
 Total Artillery 3z 
 
 Infantry. 
 
 \ st Infantry 
 
 . ' Z 
 
 nth Infantry 
 
 8 
 
 zd 
 
 9 
 
 izth " 
 
 n 
 
 3 d 
 
 z 
 
 1 3th " 
 
 4 
 
 4th " 
 
 4 
 
 I4th " 
 
 10 
 
 5th 
 
 3 
 
 1 5th " 
 
 4 
 
 6th 
 
 z 
 
 1 6th " 
 
 9 
 
 7th 
 
 4 
 
 1 7th 
 
 9 
 
 8th " 
 
 3 
 
 1 8th 
 
 9 
 
 9th " 
 
 o 
 
 1 9th " 
 
 4 
 
 loth " 
 
 6 
 
 
 _____ 
 
 Total Infantry 103 
 
 ENLISTED MEN. 
 
 Staff Corps. 
 
 Battalion of Engineers z Signal Corps . 6 
 
 Ordnance Corps . i General Service . i 
 
 Total Staff Corps 10 
 
 Cavalry. 
 
 ist Cavalry . 79 4th Cavalry . 4z 
 
 zd " . 7z 5th " . 5z 
 
 3d " z6 .6th " 47 
 
 Total Cavalry 318 
 
196 
 
 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 ist Artillery 
 2d " 
 3d 
 
 Artillery. 
 
 76 4th Artillery 
 
 48 5 th ' 
 
 39 
 
 Total Artillery 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 Infantry. 
 
 ist Infantry . . 
 
 3i 
 
 1 1 th Infantry 
 
 115 
 
 2d " . ,.; 
 
 87 
 
 1 2th 
 
 118 
 
 3 d . 
 
 37 
 
 ijth " . 
 
 52 
 
 4th 
 
 51 
 
 1 4th " - . 
 
 150 
 
 5th 
 
 16 
 
 i 5 th . 
 
 . 129 
 
 6th " 
 
 31 
 
 1 6th " . 
 
 87 
 
 7th " 
 
 47 
 
 1 7th 
 
 89 
 
 8th " 
 
 13 
 
 1 8th 
 
 . 205 
 
 9th " 
 
 
 
 1 9th 
 
 5 1 
 
 loth 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 
 Total Infantry I 390 
 
LIST OF ORIGINAL SUBSCRIBERS FOR 
 THE BATTLE MONUMENT. 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Abbot, H. L., Captain of Engineers . . . $13.00 
 
 Abert, J. W., Major of Engineers . . . 10.00 
 
 Alderdice & Co., Sutlers, 1 2th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Aldrich, B., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . . . 7.00 
 
 Alexander, C. T., Surgeon . , . . 10.00 
 
 Alexander, E. B., Colonel loth Infantry . . 13.00 
 Ames, A., Brigadier-General; Lieutenant 5th Artillery 18.00 
 
 Ames, E. R., Lieutenant 7th Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Amory, T. J. C., Col. Mass. Vols.; Capt. 7th Infy. 13.00 
 
 Anderson, T. M., Captain loth Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Andrews, C. C., Colonel 3d Minn. Volunteers . 13.00 
 
 Arnold, A. K. , Captain 5th Cavalry . . . 10.00 
 
 Arnold, Isaac .-...,. . . . 7.00 
 
 Arnold, W. F., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Ash, J. P., Captain 5th Cavalry . * , > .-. . 10.00 
 
 Atchison, C. B., Capt. A. D. C. Vols.; Lt. 3d Inf. 8.00 
 
 Austin, R. H., Capt. 24th Wisconsin Volunteers 10.00 
 
 Ayres, R., Lieutenant I9th Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Babbitt, L. S., 1st Lieutenant Ord. Department . 10.00 
 
 Bache, H., Colonel of Engineers ... : .:: . . 13.00 
 ISA '97 
 
198 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Bacon, C., Jr., Assistant Surgeon . . . $7.00 
 
 Baden, J. T., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry . . . 10.00 
 
 Bailey, T. C. J., Captain ijth Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Bainbridge, E. C., Captain 5th Artillery . . 8.00 
 
 Bainbridge, A. H., Lieutenant I4th Infantry . 7.00 
 
 Baird, A., Brigadier-General .... 50.00 
 
 Baldwin, H. M., 2d Lieutenant 5th Artillery . 10.00 
 
 Bales, F. H., Captain, retired .... 8.00 
 
 Ball, E., Lieutenant 1st Cavalry . . . . 7.00 
 
 Bankhead, H. C., Captain 5th Infantry . . 11.00 
 
 Barclay, C. B. (Citizen) . . . I'* 100.00 
 
 Barry, R. P., Captain 1 6th Infantry .. . .. 8.00 
 
 Barry, W. F., Brig. -Gen., Major 5th Artillery . 18.00 
 
 Bartholomew, W. H., Captain i6th Infantry . 7.00 
 
 Bartlett, C. G., Captain 1 2th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Bartlett, W. H. C., Prof. U. S. M. A. w ' . . 15.00 
 
 Beaumont, E. B., Captain 4th Cavalry . . 8.00 
 
 Beckwith, A., Major Subsistence Department . 15.00 
 
 Beecher, H. B., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . . 10.00 
 
 Beecher, Rev. H. W. ..... 50.00 
 
 Benet, S. V., Captain Ordnance Department . . 10.00 
 
 Benham, H. W., Brigadier-General Volunteers . 18.00 
 
 Benjamin, S. N., Lieutenant 3d Artillery -** . 10.00 
 
 Benton, J. G., Captain Ordnance Department . 10.00 
 
 Best, C. L., Captain 4th Artillery . . . n.oo 
 
 Bisbee, W. H., Lieutenant i8th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Bliss, A., Captain and A. Q. M. . V . 20.00 
 
 Blunt, C. E., Major Engineers . . -. . 10.00 
 
 Blunt, M. M., Captain I2th Infantry . . 8.00 
 
 Board, C. A. F., retired . . . W. ,. . 8.00 
 
 Bomford, J. V., lieutenant-Colonel i6th Infantry . n.oo 
 
 Bonneville, B. L. E., Colonel, retired . . . 13.00 
 
 Bowman, A. H., Colonel of Engineers . . 40.00 
 
AT WEST POINT 
 
 199 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Boyce, P., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . . . v $10.00 
 
 Brackett, A. G., Colonel Vols.; Major 1st Cavalry 13.00 
 
 Brady, G. K., Lieutenant I4th Infantry '. . 7.00 
 
 Brainerd, T. C., Assistant Surgeon . . -,-.. 10.00 
 
 Brewerton, H., Lieutenant-Colonel of Engineers . 25.00 
 
 Brigham, E. D., Capt. Com. Sub. . . '. '. .._- 8.00 
 
 Britton, T., Lieutenant 6th Infantry . , . .. - 7.00 
 
 Brooks, W. T. H., Major-General . i ^ , ^,v. 30.00 
 
 Brown, F. H., Lieutenant i8th Infantry : .. . ,.,, '.. 7.00 
 
 Brown, H., Lieutenant i8th Infantry . ... . 7.00 
 
 Buchanan, R. C., Lieut. -Colonel 1 4th Infantry . n.oo 
 
 Buell, D. C., Major-General Volunteers . . . 30.00 
 
 Buffington, A. R., Captain Ordnance Department . 10.00 
 
 Burbank, S. W., Captain I4th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Burke, D. W., Lieutenant ad Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Burke, P. E., Captain 1 4th Infantry ..; .-. :; . 8.00 
 
 Burnett, R. L., Lieutenant izth Infantry .-.. . 7 Too 
 
 Burnham, H. M., First Lieutenant 4th Artillery . 25.00 
 
 Burns, T., Lieutenant ist Cavalry ..* . .-' ./i. ; 10.00 
 
 Burns, W. W., Brigadier-General . , . ' . 18.00 
 
 Burroughs, Geo., Lieutenant Engineers . . 10.00 
 
 Bush, E. G., Captain loth Infantry . ;t . 8.00 
 
 Butler, J., Lieutenant 2d Infantry , , . . 7.00 
 
 Butterfield, D., Major-General . v . . 27.00 
 
 Byrne, T., Lieutenant 2d Infantry . , . . . 7.00 
 
 Callender, F. D., Major Ordnance Department . 10.00 
 
 Canby, S., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . . . 7.00 
 
 Card, B. C., Captain and A. Q. M. , .;> ,*,, 8.00 
 
 Carlin, W. P., Brigadier-General . . . 20.00 
 
 Carney, J. D., Captain I7th Infantry . . 8.00 
 
 Carpenter, A. B., Lieutenant I9th Infantry . .. 10.00 
 
 Carpenter, T. H., Captain I7th Infantry v . ' . C 8.00 
 
 Carr, C. C. C., Lieutenant ist Cavalry ,.- . * ;. ; 10.00 
 
 OF THJT 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 f o7 ~ ,, 
 
200 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Carr, E. A., Brigadier-General .... $18.00 
 
 Carter, J. W., Lieutenant lyth Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Casey, Silas, Major-General .... 30.00 
 
 Casey, T. L., Major Corps of Engineers . . 10.00 
 
 Chaffee, C. C., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 15.00 
 Chambers, A., Brigadier-General; Capt. i8th Infantry 20.00 
 
 Chambliss, W. P., Major 4th Cavalry . . . 10.00 
 
 Chapman, W., Lieutenant-Colonel, retired . . 11.00 
 
 Chevers, M. L., Chaplain* U. S. A. . . . 8.00 
 
 Choisey, G. L., Lieutenant i/fth Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Clarke, F. M., Captain 5th Artillery . .- . 10.00 
 
 Clay, H. DeB., Captain I4th Infantry . . 8.00 
 
 Clay, J. K., Lieutenant I4th Infantry . ;' . 7.00 
 
 Clements, B. A., Surgeon . . . * ' . 10.00 
 
 Clinton, Wm., Captain loth Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Coates, E. M., Lieutenant I2th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Cdggswell, M., Captain 8th Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Cole, A. A., Lieutenant 7th Infantry . . . 7.00 
 
 Coleman, R. W., Civilian ....*. 15.00 
 
 Collins, G. H., Civilian . . . *-., . 10.00 
 
 Comly, C., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 20.00 
 
 Comstock, C. B., Captain Corps of Engineers , n.oo 
 
 Conrad, J. S., Captain 2d Infantry ;.'. .-. ',. 8.00 
 
 Coolidge, R. H,, Medical Inspector . -A . 15.00 
 
 Cooper, S. W., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Coppinger, J. J., Captain 141)1 Infantry .-" . 10.00 
 
 Cornick, W. F., Assistant Surgeon . . , '- 7.00 
 Counselman, J. H., Lieutenant 1st Artillery . .'.-.' 10.00 
 
 Crilly, F. J., Captain and A. Q^ M. . ; - , 10.00 
 
 Crofton, R. E. A., Captain i6th Infantry j . / , 8.00 
 
 Crosman, C. H., Colonel and Quartermaster . 13.00 
 
 Cross, O., Lieutenant-Colonel and Quartermaster . 15.00 
 
 Culbertson, S. S., Lieutenant I9th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
AT WEST POINT 201 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Curtis, A., Lieutenant I9th Infantry . . . $10.00 
 
 Curtis, S. R., Major-General . . . < '.,''' 27.00 
 
 Gushing, H. C., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . U . 10.00 
 
 Cuyler, J. M., Surgeon U. S. A. . . ,\ 15.00 
 
 Dallis, A. ]., Captain . ' 10.00 
 
 Darling, J. A., Major Vols. ; Lieut, zd Artillery . 10.00 
 
 Davidson, J. W., Brigadier-General . . . 18.00 
 
 Davis, O. E., First Lieutenant of Engineers . . 7.00 
 
 Davis, R., Lieutenant zd Infantry . . - 7.00 
 
 Davis, T., Lieutenant 1 9th Infantry . . ''.,,- 10.00 
 
 Dean, W., Lieutenant ist Cavalry . - .- -'. 10.00 
 
 DeCourcy, F. E., Lieutenant I3th Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 DeKay, D., Lieutenant I4th Infantry i . .; 7.00 
 
 Delafield, R., Colonel of Engineers . . . 50.00 
 
 Denton, A. B., i8th Infantry . . . . 10.00 
 
 DeRussy, R. E., Colonel of Engineers . . 25.00 
 
 Dimmick, J., Colonel U. S. A. . . . 13.00 
 
 Dodge, R. I., Captain 8th Infantry . V . 10.00 
 
 Dolan, M., Lieutenant zd Infantry - * . . 10.00 
 
 Donaldson, J. L., Major Q^ M. Department . 15.00 
 
 Dorman, O. M., Paymaster Volunteers . . 10.00 
 
 Doubleday, A., Major I7th Infantry ; Major-General Z7.oo 
 
 Downey, G. M., Lieutenant I4th Infantry . . 8.00 
 
 Dowling, J. T., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Drouillard, J. P., Captain 6th Infantry . . 8.00 
 
 Drum, W. F., Captain zd Infantry , . . 8.00 
 
 Drummond, Thos., Captain 5th Cavalry . 10.00 
 
 Drury, T., Lieutenant zd Infantry v . fc 7.00 
 
 Dryer, H., Captain 4th Infantry . . .- ! , 8.00 
 
 DuBarry, B., Major and Com. Sub. . . , , 10.00 
 
 DuBois, J. V., Captain 3d Cavalry ; Col. of Vols. . 13.00 
 
 Dudley, J. S., Lieutenant zd Artillery . * . 7.00 
 
 Duer, E. A., Lieutenant ist Artillery . . 10.00 
 
202 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 Duncan, T., Major 3d Cavalry . . . $10.00 
 
 Dunn, T. S., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 DuPont, H. A., Lieutenant 5th Artillery . . 7.00 
 
 Dutton, A. H., Lieutenant of Engineers . . 15.00 
 
 Earle, M., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Eckert, G. B., Lieutenant 3d Infantry . . . 7.00 
 
 Eddy, A. R., Captain and A. Q^ M. . . . 8.00 
 
 Edgerton, W. G., Captain nth Infantry . . 8.00 
 
 Edie, J. R., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 10.00 
 
 Edson, T., Captain Ordnance Department . . 8.00 
 
 Edwards, D., Lieutenant I9th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Egbert, H. C., Lieutenant izth Infantry * . 10.00 
 
 Eggemeyer, A., Lieutenant loth Infantry .. ,' . 10.00 
 
 Elder, S. S., Captain 1st Artillery -,,-., ;. , ' - . , 8.00 
 
 Elliot, G. H., Captain of Engineers . Y . 20.00 
 
 Elliott, W. L., Brigadier-General ; Major ist Cav. 20.00 
 
 Ellis, H. A., Captain I7th Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Emerson, J. J., Lieutenant 1 7th Infantry . . . ' 7.00 
 
 Estes, C. A. M., Lieutenant i6th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Evans, A. W., Captain 6th Cavalry . ,<' . 10.00 
 
 Ewers, E. P., Lieutenant I9th Infantry ; . . .>-. . 7.00 
 
 Falk, W., Lieutenant 2d Infantry . , . 7.00 
 
 Falvey, J., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry - . 7.00 
 
 Farley,}. P., Lieutenant of Ordnance . . * /f 7.00 
 
 Farquhar, F. U., Captain of Engineers . ... 8.00 
 
 Feiler, N. J., Captain ist Cavalry . . , v 10.00 
 
 Fessenden, F., Col. Vols. ; Capt. I2th Infantry . 13.00 
 
 Fetterman, W. J., Captain i8th Infantry , -* ,. i 8.00 
 
 Field, J. H. V., Lieutenant Ordnance Department 7.00 
 
 Fitzgerald, J., Lieutenant 2d Artillery . . v. 7.00 
 
 Fitzhugh, C. L., Lieutenant 4th Artillery '>.,-.., 10.00 
 
 Flagler, D. W., Captain Ordnance Department . 10.00 
 
 Fletcher, C. H., Captain ist Infantry . ,-. j, ;= 8.00 
 
AT WEST POINT 203 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Flint, F. F., Lieutenant-Colonel . : . . $15.00 
 
 Foot, A., Lieutenant I4th Infantry . ; .. 7.00 
 
 Forsyth, J. W., Captain i8th Infantry ' * ,{.'- . 10.00 
 
 Foster,}. G., Major-General . . .,. r v>. 30.00 
 
 Frank, R. T., Captain 8th Infantry . I , . 10.0.0 
 
 Franklin, W. B., Major-General ; Col. I 2th Infantry 30.00 
 
 Franklin, W. S., Captain I2th Infantry . . 8.00 
 
 French, W. H., Major-General . ,-, ' < . . 30.00 
 
 Fry, J. B., Major, A. A. G., Prov. Mar. General 13.00 
 
 Gansevoort, H. S., Lt. 5th Art. ; Col. N. Y. Vol. Cav. 1 3.00 
 
 Gapen, H. C., Lieutenant I5th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Gardiner, J. W. T., Major, retired * . . 10.00 
 
 Garrard, K., Brigadier-General ; Captain 5th Cavalry 20.00 
 
 Gentry, W. T., Captain I7th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Getty, T. M., Surgeon . ; ^"v . .. 10.00 
 
 Gibbon, J., Brigadier-General . . . 20.00 
 
 Gibbs, J. S., Lieutenant ist Artillery . ,,?' . 7.00 
 
 Gibbs, T. K., Lieutenant ist Artillery . . 7.00 
 
 Gibson, A. A., Major 2d Artillery . . . 10.00 
 
 Gibson, H. G., Col. of Vols. ; Major 3d Cavalry . 13.00 
 
 Giddings, G. R., Major I4th Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Gilbert, C. C., Major I9th Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Gillespie, G. L., Lieutenant of Engineers . . 10.00 
 
 Gillmore, Q^ A., Major-General . . . 27.00 
 
 Gilman, J. H., Captain and Com. Sub. . . 8.00 
 
 Goddard, C. C., Captain I7th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Goddard, C. E., Assistant Surgeon . ... 7.00 
 
 Goodhue, J. M., Captain nth Infantry . . 8.00 
 
 Gooding,O. P.,Capt. loth Inf. ; Col. 6th Mass. Cav. 1 3.00 
 
 Gordan, G. H., Brig. -Gen. (late Capt. M. Rifles) . 25.00 
 
 Graham,}. D., Colonel of Engineers . " . . - 20.00 
 
 Granger, G., Major-General . -. . ;.^ 27.00 
 
 Granger, R. S., Brigadier-General ; ; . * ; 20.00 
 
204 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Grant, U. S., Lieutenant-General . . . $50.00 
 
 Greene, J. D., Colonel 8th Infantry . . . 20.00 
 
 Greene, O. D., Major, A. A. G. . . . 10.00 
 
 Green, M. C., Lieutenant I3th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Grier, W. N., Lieutenant-Colonel ist Cavalry . n.oo 
 
 Grossman, F. E., Lieutenant 7th Infantry . . 8.00 
 
 Haight, E., Captain Vols. ; Lieutenant i6th Infantry 10.00 
 
 Haines, T. J., Colonel, Com. Sub. . . . 13.00 
 
 Hall, J. A., Lieutenant ist Cavalry . . . 10.00 
 
 Hall, R. H., Captain loth Infantry . . . 20.00 
 
 Hall, R. M., Lieutenant ist Artillery . . . 7.00 
 
 Hamilton, J., Captain 3d Artillery . . . 8.00 
 
 Hamilton, S. M., Lieutenant 3d Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Hammond, J. F., Surgeon . - . - ,. . . 10.00 
 
 Harbach, A. A., Lieutenant nth Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Hardin, M. D., Lieut. -Col. Vols.; Lieut. 3d Art'y 30.00 
 
 Hargrave, R. W., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Harker, C. G., Captain 1 5th Infantry . . 13.00 
 
 Harrington, G., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . *.' 7.00 
 
 Harris, W. H., Captain Ordnance . ,';. , . 10.00 
 
 Haskin, J. A., Major 3d Artillery . , . 12.00 
 
 Hastings, J., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry . . . 10.00 
 
 Hawkins, H. S., Captain 6th Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Hawkins, J. P., Brig.-Gen., Capt., and A. C. S. . 50.00 
 
 Hawley, W., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . . . 7.00 
 
 Hay, C. E., Lieutenant 3d Artillery . -. > 12.00 
 
 Haymond, H., Captain i8th Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Hazen, H. E., Lieutenant 8th Infantry .,.:,-. ; ..t 7.00 
 
 Head, J. F., Surgeon . . . .; . . 10.00 
 
 Hearn, J. H., Lieutenant i6th Infantry . .. 10.00 
 
 Hecksher, J. G., Captain I2th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Heilman, W. H., First Lieutenant I5th Infantry . 7.00 
 
 Heintzelman, S. P., Major-General . . . 30.00 
 
AT WEST POINT 205 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Hendrickson, T., Major U. S. A. . . . $10.00 
 
 Henley, J. P., Lieutenant 5th Artillery -^ '' .^ 8.00 
 
 Henry, G. V., Lieut, ist Artillery ; Col. of Vols. 13.00 
 
 Hickox, C. R., Lieutenant 5th Artillery * .< ' *. * 10.00 
 
 Higbee, G. H., Lieutenant nth Infantry ^ J * 10.00 
 
 Hildeburn, S., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . ' % .' 20.00 
 
 Hitchcock, E. A., Major-General . ^ . 50.00 
 
 Hodges, H. C., Captain and A. Q. M. . -.'" 10.00 
 
 Hoffman, Wm., Colonel 3d Infantry . . . .' 15.00 
 
 Holden, L. H., Surgeon -; '.^* 10.00 
 
 Holman, Chas., Lieutenant 5th Artillery v , J *f> 7.00 
 
 Honey, S. A., Lieutenant I5th Infantry .; 7.00 
 
 Hooker, J., Major-General '- ' - * . . . -'.. I 27.00 
 
 Hope, L. F. * *< . *' -. . . 5.00 
 
 Hopkins, J. A., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . . *> 7.00 
 
 Hotsenpiller, C. W., Lieutenant i6th Infantry >. , : 7.00 
 
 Howard, C. O., Captain i8th Infantry ' . 10.00 
 
 Howard, O. O., Major-General . . . % 27.00 
 
 Howard, R. V. W., Lieut.-Col.Vols.; Capt. 4 th Art. i i.oo 
 
 Howland, G. W., Captain 3d Cavalry . . 8.00 
 
 Hubbard, V. B., Assistant Surgeon . . . 10.00 
 
 Hubbs, W. H., Lieutenant I3th Infantry -i . 10.00 
 
 Hudson, E. McK., Captain I 4 th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Hunt, J. C., Lieutenant ist Cavalry . . . . 10.00 
 
 Hunt, J. S., Lieutenant 4 th Artillery * . . 10.00 
 
 Huntington, H. A., Lieutenant 4 th Artillery . 10.00 
 
 Ilges, G., Captain I 4 th Infantry .- . . 8.00 
 
 Ingalls, R., Brigadier-General . ;. ' . . 18.00 
 
 Ingham, G. T., Lieutenant nth Infantry . ( .-', 20.00 
 
 Ireland, D., Captain I5th Infantry ~_: . -v' 13.00 
 
 Irish, D. C., Captain I3th Infantry . * - -.^ 8.00 
 
 Irvine, J. B., Lieutenant I3th Infantry -.*T -. ^ 10.00 
 
 Irwin, B. J. D., Surgeon . . . " * i 10.00 
 
206 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Jackson, J., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . . $10.00 
 
 Jackson, R. H., Captain i st Artillery . . . n.oo 
 
 James, F. J., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . . . 20.00 
 
 Jane way, J. H., Assistant Surgeon . . . 7.00 
 
 Johnson, J. B. . . . . . . . 10.00 
 
 Johnson, G. W., Lieutenant igth Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Johnson, R. W., Brigadier-General . . . 18.00 
 Jones, DeL. Floyd, Lieutenant-Colonel I9th Infantry 11.00 
 
 Kane, J. H., First Lieutenant 5th Artillery . . 10.00 
 
 Kurtz, J. D., Major of Engineers .... 10.00 
 
 Kellogg, E. R., Lieutenant i6th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Kellogg, J., Captain and A. C. S. . . . 10.00 
 
 Kelton, J. C., Major and A. A. G. . . . 20.00 
 
 Kendrick, H. L., Professor U. S. M. A. .. . 20.00 
 
 Kennington, J., Lieutenant 1 1 th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Kensel, G. A., Capt. 5th Art.; Lt.-Col. of Vols. n.oo 
 
 Kent, J. Ford, Capt. 3d Inf.; Lt.-Col. A. I. G. . n.oo 
 
 Keteltas, H., Captain I5th Infantry . . .{. 8.00 
 
 Keyes, E. D., Major-General ; Colonel nth Infantry 27.00 
 
 Keyes, H. W., Captain I4th Infantry . . , ' 10.00 
 
 Kilburn, C. L., Lieutenant- Colonel and Com. Sub. n.oo 
 
 King, C. L., Captain loth Infantry . . .10.00 
 
 King, W. R., Lieutenant of Engineers . ; -. . 7.00 
 
 Kingsbury, C. P., Major Ordnance Department . 10.00 
 
 Kinzie, D. H., Lieutenant 5th Artillery ,.,^ .,> 7.00 
 
 Kirtland, F. S., Lieutenant i8th Infantry ^ j *,,., 7.00 
 
 Knowlton, M., Captain, retired ., . :r ,v. . 8.00 
 
 Kress, J. A., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 7.00 
 
 Lacy, F. E., Lieutenant 2d Infantry . ; . l ..; . 7.00 
 
 Lay, R. G., Captain 3d Infantry f . . . 8.00 
 
 Laidley, T. T. S., Major Ordnance Department . 10.00 
 
 Lancaster, G., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Lane, W. B., Captain 3d Cavalry . ; -. < . 10.00 
 
AT WEST POINT 207 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Langdon, L. L., Captain 1st Artillery . . . $8.00 
 
 Lauman, G. S., Captain loth Infantry - ..-} . 10.00 
 
 Larned, C. T., Paymaster . . . J . ' ' v'V. ^:- 10.00 
 
 Latimer, A. E., Captain nth Infantry . ^:/.,. .2J~/: 20.00 
 
 Leahy, M., Lieutenant ist Artillery . . ' .,.' 7.00 
 
 LeConte, J. L., Surgeon .... : j 25.00 
 
 Leib, E. H., Captain 5th Cavalry . r : . . . V 10.00 
 
 Leonard, H., Lieutenant-Colonel Pay Department . n.oo 
 
 Lind, J. S., Lieutenant i8th Infantry . . ..;* . 7.00 
 
 Lindsly, W., Assistant Surgeon . . . <& ; 7.00 
 
 Livingston, L. L., Captain 3d Artillery Nl^v' > <v . 8.00 
 
 Long, E., Col. 4th Ohio Cavalry ; Capt. 4th Cavalry 15.00 
 
 Long, J. W., Captain zd Infantry . , .-. .' *;>: 8.00 
 
 Lorentz, Antoine, Sword-Master U. S. M. A. ,-J 10.00 
 
 Lowell, C. R., Col. zd Mass. Cav.; Capt. 6th Cav. 13.00 
 
 Lattimore, W. O., Lieutenant igth Infantry . [ ^f"', 10.00 
 
 Lyman, G. H., Lieutenant-Colonel Medical Dept. n.oo 
 
 Lynn, D. D., Captain 6th Infantry '* - . 8.00 
 
 Lyster, W. J., Lieutenant ipth Infantry ' * -. 10.00 
 
 Mack, O. A., Captain I3th Infantry ; ,*1 . i/ ' 10.25 
 
 Macomb, J. N., Lieutenant-Colonel of Engineers . 20.00 
 
 Maley, T. E., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry *' . 10.00 
 
 Marcy, R. B., Colonel, Inspector General - , ; . 13.00 
 
 Marshall, L. H., Major i6th Infantry, Col. of Vols. 13.00 
 
 Marye, W. A., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 10.00 
 
 Mason, E. C., Captain I7th Infantry . . ' . < 13.00 
 
 Mason, J. W., Captain 5th Cavalry . . ._ . 10.00 
 
 May, J. H., Lieutenant loth Infantry . ' > ^-' i 10.00 
 
 Maynadier, H. E., Captain I5th Infantry v ,..* : . 10.00 
 
 Maynadier, W., Colonel Ordnance Department . 15.00 
 
 McCall, C. A., Assistant Surgeon . >.* - * . .i* . 7.00 
 
 McClellan, E., Assistant Surgeon . :> :J' ! *\^ 7.00 
 
 McClintock, J., Captain I4th Infantry ; * .; . 8.00 
 
208 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 McCook, A. McD., Major-General . . . $50.00 
 
 McCormick, C., Surgeon U. S. A. . . . 10.00 
 
 McCrea, Tully, Lieutenant ist Artillery . . 7.00 
 
 McDowell, I., Major-General .... 27.00 
 
 McFeely, R., Lieutenant-Colonel Com. Dept. . n.oo 
 
 McGee, Lieutenant 1 3th Infantry . < ,. _:.. 8.00 
 
 McGilvray, J., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . >; ., 7.00 
 
 McGinniss, J. R., Lieutenant Ordnance Department 10.00 
 
 McKee, S., Captain ist Cavalry . . <?,* ... . 10.00 
 
 McKee, S. A., Captain zd Infantry * - . * 8.00 
 
 McKeever, C., Major, A. A. G. . . .' . 10.00 
 
 McKibbin, C., Lieutenant 1 4th Infantry .... ,. ; 7.00 
 
 McKibbin, D. B., Lieutenant I4th Infantry . , 10.00 
 
 McKibbin, R. P., Captain 4th Infantry -,* . 7.00 
 
 McKibbin, Sutler 1 2th Infantry (citizen) ' -. ,. . 10.00 
 
 McKnight, J., Captain 5th Artillery . . ? . 25.00 
 
 McLaren, A. N., Surgeon U. S. A. . , ! . . .. 10.00 
 
 McLaughlin, N. B., Captain 4th Cavalry . .,' 10.00 
 
 McLoughlin, G. H., Lieutenant 2d Infantry 7.00 
 
 McMullin, G. O., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . . '> 7.00 
 
 McNally, C. H., Captain 3d Cavalry . ... 8.00 
 
 McNutt, J., Captain Ordnance Department . . 10.00 
 
 Meade, G. G., Major-General .... 30.00 
 
 Meigs, J. R., Lieutenant of Engineers . . .. 10.00 
 
 Meigs, M. C., Brigadier-General, Q. M. General 20.00 
 
 Meinhold, C., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . . / -, = 7.00 
 
 Meline, J. F., Colonel of Volunteers, A. D. C. . 10.00 
 
 Mendenhall, J., Captain 4th Artillery . .. . r .. 10.00 
 
 Merrill, L., Colonel of Volunteers, Captain 2d Cav. 13.00 
 
 Merrill, W. E., Captain of Engineers . , .' .* 10.00 
 
 Michie, P. S., Lieutenant of Engineers . ; .' . 7.00 
 
 Miles, Evan, Lieutenant 1 2th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Milhau, J. J., Surgeon U. S. A. . V . . .; >.-. 15.00 
 
AT WEST POINT 209 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Miller,]. F., Captain 1 4th Infantry . . . $8.00 
 
 Miller, M. S., Major and Quartermaster . . . 10.00 
 
 Mills, M., Surgeon % ,. - 10.00 
 
 Mills, W., Lieutenant i6th Infantry . '. . ' ..* 7.00 
 
 Mills, W. H., First Lieutenant I4th Infantry . 10.00 
 
 Monahan, D., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . \ .. . 10.00 
 
 Montgomery, D. L., Captain iyth Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Moody, G. C., Captain I9th Infantry . ,,*-: , . 10.00 
 
 Mooney, J., Captain 1 9th Infantry . . &..\. 10.00 
 
 Mordecai, A., Captain Ordnance Department . ->. f 10.00 
 
 Morehead, W. J., Captain iyth Infantry -. y ; 10.00 
 
 Morgan, C. A., Colonel of Vols., 4th Artillery . 13.00 
 
 Morgan, H. C., Lieutenant loth Infantry . .-,.. > : 10.00 
 
 Morgan, M. R., Lieutenant-Colonel, Com. Sub. . n.oo 
 
 Morris, L. O., Captain 1st Artillery . . . 10.00 
 
 Morris, R. L., Captain i8th Infantry . . ., . 10.00 
 
 Morris, L. T., Lieutenant I9th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Morrison, P., Colonel, retired . * . 13.00 
 
 Mulhenberg, F. P., Captain I3th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Mulligan, J. B., Captain I9th Infantry ...%. . 10.00 
 
 Myers, E., Lieutenant ist Cavalry ,J. .. . 10.00 
 
 Myers, F., Lieutenant-Colonel and Quartermaster . 13.00 
 
 Myers,}., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 8.00 
 
 Myers, Wm., Quartermaster > . . . . 13.00 
 
 Myrick, J. R., Lieutenant 3d Artillery . . 10.00 
 
 Nash, B. F., Lieutenant 5th Artillery . . . 7.00 
 
 Nealy, O. H., Lieutenant nth Infantry . ..,, . 7.00 
 
 Neill, T. H., Brigadier-General . >r*\ . H. ' 18.00 
 
 Noble, H. B., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . .-. . , 10.00 
 
 Noggle, C. L., Lieutenant 2d Infantry . . . 7.00 
 
 Norris, B., Surgeon . . . *; : . ^,. 10.00 
 
 Norton, A. S., Major and A. D. C. Volunteers . 18.00 
 
 Norton, G. D., Captain I4th Infantry ^ :. . 8.00 
 
zio THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Noyes, H. E., First Lieutenant zd Cavalry . . $10.00 
 
 Oakes, J., Lieutenant-Colonel 4th Cavalry . . 20.00 
 
 O'Beirne, R. F., Captain I4th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Ogden, F. C., Lieutenant 1st Cavalry . . . 10.00 
 
 Ogden, R. L., Captain and A. Q. M. . . 8.00 
 
 Ostrander, J. S., Lieutenant i8th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Otis, E., Captain 4th Cavalry . . . . 8.00 
 
 Palmer, Innis N., Brigadier-General . . . 18.00 
 
 Parke, J. B., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . . 7.00 
 
 Parke, J. G., Major-General .... 50.00 
 
 Parker, D., Captain 3d Infantry . . . . 10.00 
 
 Parker, R. C., Lieutenant I2th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Parry, E. R., Lieutenant nth Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Patterson, H. W., Lieutenant 4th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Patterson,]. H., Lieutenant nth Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Patterson, W. W., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Paul, G. R., Lieutenant-Colonel 8th Infantry . 11.00 
 
 Pease, W. B., Captain I7th Infantry . . . 8.00 
 
 Pease, W. R., Captain 7th Infantry . . . 8.00 
 
 Pennington, A. C. M., Lieutenant 2d Artillery . 7.00 
 
 Penrose, W. H., Colonel of Vols. ; Capt. 3d Inf. . 15.00 
 
 Perkins, D. D., Captain 4th Artillery . ; . 10.00 
 
 Perry, D., Lieutenant ist Cavalry . V . 10.00 
 
 Pettee, L., Lieutenant nth Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Phelps, E., Lieutenant 191)1 Infantry . . . . 7.00 
 
 Phelps, J. E., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . v . 15.00 
 
 Phipps, F. H., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 7.00 
 
 Phisterer, F., Lieutanant i8th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Pike, H. L., Lieutenant ist Artillery . . . 7.00 
 
 Pineo, P., Lieutenant-Colonel Medical Department. n.oo 
 
 Pleasonton, A., Major-General * : i . . 27.00 
 
 Pomeroy, C. C., Captain nth Infantry . . 8.00 
 
 Pope, J., Major-General . . . . . 50.00 
 
AT WEST POINT 211 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Porter, A. P., Lieut. -Colonel.; Capt. Sub. Dept. . $50.00 
 
 Porter, G. L., Assistant Surgeon . . v * - 10.00 
 
 Porter, H., Captain Ordnance Department . . 16.00 
 
 Porter, R. H., Lieutenent I4th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Potter, J. A., Captain and A. Q. M. . . . 8.00 
 
 Potter,]. H., Major yth Infantry . . . 13.00 
 
 Pratt, H. C., Major and Paymaster U. S. A. . 10.00 
 
 Prescott, W. H., Captain i6th Infantry . . 20.00 
 
 Prime, N., Captain lyth Infantry * - , ; . 10.00 
 
 Prince, F. E., Captain loth Infantry . .. . 10.00 
 
 Procter, J. L., Captain i8th Infantry . . . 8.00 
 
 Purcell, J. H., Lieutenant ist Infantry . . . 7.00 
 
 Putnam, H. R., Captain I2th Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Putnam,]. E., Lieutenant izth Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Pyne, C. M., Lieutenant 6th Infantry . . . 12.00 
 
 Ramsey, W. R., Assistant Surgeon . . . 7.00 
 
 Randall, B., Surgeon U. S. A. / . . . 10.00 
 
 Randol, A. M., Captain ist Artillery . . . 10.00 
 
 Randolph, J. T., Surgeon ..... 10.00 
 
 Rankin, W. G., Captain I3th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Ransom, H. C., Lieutenant-Colonel, Q. M. . 13.00 
 
 Rathbone, H. R., Captain I2th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Raynolds, W. F., Major Engineers . . . 13.00 
 
 Reid, J. R., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . . 7.00 
 
 Reese, C. B., Captain Engineers . . . 8.00 
 
 Reese, H. B., Paymaster . . . . 10.00 
 
 Reeve, I. V. D., Lieutenant-Colonel I3th Infantry n.oo 
 
 Remington, P. H., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Reno, M. A., Captain ist Cavalry . . . 10.00 
 
 Reynolds, C. A., Captainand A. Q. M. . . n.oo 
 
 Reynolds, J. ]., Major-General . , . ,'.. 30.00 
 
 Ricketts, ]. B., Brigadier-General M .- . v" .- 25.00 
 
 Rittenhouse, B. F., First Lieutenant 5th Artillery . 10.00 
 
212 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Ritter, J. F., Col. 1st Miss. Cav.; Capt. 1 5th Inf. $13.00 
 
 Robbins, K., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry , . . 10.00 
 
 Robert, H. M., Captain of Engineers . . . 8.00 
 
 Roberts, B. S., Brigadier-General . . . 18.00 
 
 Roberts, J., Lieutenant-Colonel 4th Artillery . 13.00 
 
 Robertson, C. S., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Robins, R., Lieutenant nth Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Robinson, D., Lieutenant yth Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Robinson, S. S., Captain loth Infantry . . 8.00 
 
 Rockwell, C. F., Lieutenant Ordnance Department 10.00 
 
 Rodney, G. B., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . . 10.00 
 
 Rollins, J. H., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 10.00 
 
 Rosecrans, W. S., Major-General . ... . 27.00 
 
 Rossell, W. H., Captain loth Infantry . . 8.00 
 
 Rowley, G. A., Lieutenant 2d Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Roy, J. P., Captain 2d Infantry . . . . 10.00 
 
 Royall, W. B., Captain 5th Cavalry . . . 10.00 
 
 Rucker, D. H., Brigadier-General, Q. M. D. . 20.00 
 
 Ruggles, G. D., Major and A. A. G. . . . 13.00 
 
 Russell, C. S., Captain nth Infantry . ... . 10.00 
 
 Russell, D. A., Brig. -Gen., Major 8th Infantry . 18.00 
 Russell, G., Lieutenant 3d Artillery . ... 20.00 
 
 Sachs, W., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry * . . 10.00 
 
 Sacket, D. B., Colonel and Inspector-General . 13.00 
 
 Sanders, W. W., Captain 6th Infantry . . 8.00 
 
 Sanger, J. P., Lieutenant 1st Artillery . . . 7.00 
 Sutorius, Alex., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . ,J 7.00 
 
 Saxton, R., Brigadier-General . ... . 18.00 
 
 Scammon, C. T., 9th 111. Vol. Cav., A. D. C. . 10.00 
 
 Schenck, P. V., Assistant Surgeon . , . 7.00 
 
 Schiffler, J. K., Lieutenant i6th Infantry .. . 7.00 
 
 Schuyler, P., Captain I4th Infantry , , . . 10.00 
 
 Schwan, T., Lieutenant nth Infantry . . 10.00 
 
O'JtfT 
 
 AT WEST POINT 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Sedgwick, J., Major-General .... $27.00 
 
 Sellers, E. E., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Seymour, T., Brig. -Gen. ; Capt. 5th Artillery 18.00 
 
 Sheridan, P. H., Major-General . . , W . 27.00 
 Shipley, A. N., Captain and A. Q. M. . * . 20.00 
 
 Sidell, W. H., Lieutenant-Colonel I5th Infantry . 12.00 
 
 Silliman, H. R., Assistant Surgeon . ,.; % j . 10.00 
 
 Silvey, W., Captain 1st Artillery . y ; , .,',. 8.00 
 
 Simonson, J. S., Colonel . . . . . ,., 13.00 
 
 Simpson, J. H., Lieutenant-Colonel of Engineers . n.oo 
 
 Sinclair, J. B., Lieutenant I4th Infantry . ; g. \ j ^ ; 7.00 
 
 Sinclair, Wm., Lieut. -Col. of Vols. ; Lt. 3d Art. n.oo 
 
 Sitgreaves, L., Lieutenant-Colonel of Engineers . 15.00 
 
 Slidell, W. J., Captain i6th Infantry . ; . ^ ^ 8.00 
 
 Slocum, H. W., Major-General . . >u ;. . 27.00 
 Slonge, J. L., Lieutenant loth Infantry f \ . , ,10.00 
 
 Small, M. P., Lieutenant-Colonel Sub. Dept. , .:,** 11.00 
 
 Smalley, H. A., Captain 2d Artillery . .. "] , ( 8.00 
 
 Smedberg, W. R., Captain I4th Infantry . Vs 10.00 
 
 Smith, A. K., Assistant Surgeon . f . .j ... 10.00 
 
 Smith, A. T., Captain 8th Infantry ^) . . 10.00 
 Smith, E. W., Captain I5th Infantry . . .11.00 
 
 Smith, F. G., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . . 10.00 
 
 Smith, G. A., Bvt. Lieutenant-Colonel . . 10.00 
 
 Smith, G. W., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . , 7.00 
 
 Smith, H. E., Captain I2th Infantry . , . 10.00 
 
 Smith, J. H., Lieutenant 2d Artillery . -v, . 7.00 
 
 Smith, L., Lieutenant 5th Artillery ...... i -. . .* 7.00 
 
 Snyder, C., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . ^ ti . ;; . 10.00 
 
 Snyder, J. A., Lieutenant 3d Infantry . . . . 10.00 
 
 Sokalski, G. O., Lieutenant zd Cavalry . . 7.00 
 
 Sommer, H., Lieutenant zd Infantry . . . 7.00 
 
 Stacey, M. H., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 I4A 
 
2i 4 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Stanley, Wm., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . $10.00 
 
 Steele, F., Major-General .... 27.00 
 
 Stephenson, J. M., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . . 10.00 
 
 Sternberg, G. W., Assistant Surgeon . . . 7.00 
 
 Stevens, H., Medical Department . . . 8.00 
 
 Stewart, C. S., Major of Engineers . . . 12.00 
 
 Stonge, S. E., Lieutenant i6th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Strickland, L. S., Lieutenant i6th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Stimpson, F. E., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Strode, E. C., Assistant Surgeon . . . . 7.00 
 
 Strong, G. O., Brig-Gen, (by Gen. B. F. Butler) . 27.00 
 
 Sully, A., Brigadier-General . . . . 18.00 
 
 Summers, J. E., Surgeon ..... n.oo 
 
 Sumner, E. V., Captain 1st Cavalry . t . 10.00 
 
 Sumner, S. S., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry . >/*' -\' 10.00 
 
 Suydam, C. C., Assistant Adjutant-General . . 10.00 
 
 Swan, W. W., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Swartwout, H. A., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Sweet, W., Captain I7th Infantry ". -H ' -*' 8.00 
 
 Sweitzer, N. B., Captain ist Cavalry . . * . 30.00 
 
 Swift, E., Surgeon U. S. Army . . . . 10.00 
 
 Swords, T., Colonel Q. M. D. . . "... .- *'..,< , 3 . O o 
 
 Sykes, G., Major-General ...... 40.00 
 
 Symington, J., Colonel Ordnance Department . 13.00 
 
 Taggart, D., Major and Paymaster . Wtv . 10.00 
 
 Taliaferro, L., Military Store Keeper . . . 8.00 
 
 Tardy, J. A., Captain of Engineers . . . 10.00 
 
 Tayler, A. B., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry . . ' .- 10.00 
 
 Taylor, J. McL., Lieutenant-Colonel, Com. Sub. . n.oo 
 
 Theaker, H. A., Lieutenant i6th Infantry . . - .. -. 7.00 
 
 Thieman, A., Lieutenant loth Infantry * . 10.00 
 
 Thorn, G., Lieutenant-Colonel of Engineers . . 13.00 
 
AT WEST POINT 215 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Thomas, E., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . . . $10.00 
 
 Thomas, G. H., Major-General .... 30.00 
 
 Thomas, L., Jr., Captain ist Artillery . V 20.00 
 
 Thomas, P. K., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . I . : 7.00 
 
 Thompson, J. A., Captain 4th Cavalry . ' ; 8.00 
 
 Thorpe, W. C., Captain I3th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Tidball, J. C., Captain 2d Artillery . . . 10.00 
 
 Tidball, J. L., Captain U. S. A. . . ; ' 8.00 
 
 Tilfbrd, J. G., Captain 3d Cavalry . \ .>< ; . 8.00 
 
 Tillson, J., Captain I9th Infantry . * * ''* *Vl ,' 10.00 
 
 Tilton, H. R., Assistant Surgeon . . : - J . 7.00 
 
 Tompkins, C. H., Captain and A. Q^ M. "'; :' *>-. 8.00 
 
 Tompkins, D. D., Colonel and Q. M. . - >:/ ..- 13.00 
 
 Tonne, W. R., Lieutenant I9th Infantry ' . 10.00 
 
 Torbert, A. T. A., Brig.-Gen. Vols. U. S. A. . 20.00 
 
 Totten, J. G., Brigadier-General Engineers . . 20.00 
 
 Totten, J., Brigadier-General; Major). G. Dept. . 18.00 
 
 Townsend, F., Major i8th Infantry . V '.;i : . 10.00 
 
 Trowbridge, C. F., Captain i6th Infantry . - . 8.00 
 
 Turner, J. W., Brigadier-General; Captain, Com. Sub. 20.00 
 
 Upham, J. J., Captain 6th Infantry ", : - '. . 20.00 
 
 Upton, E., Colonel . * . -. 1.^1 . 13.00 
 
 Urban, G., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry . . 10.00 
 
 Urmston, J. D., Lieutenant I 2th Infantry / ,. . 8.00 
 
 Vance, D. M., Lieutenant nth Infantry . ..' 10.00 
 
 Van der Slice, J. H., Lieutenant I4th Infantry i, 7.00 
 
 Van Home, J. J., Captain 8th Infantry -. . . 20.00 
 
 Van Renselaer, C., Captain I3th Infantry .,v * 8.00 
 
 Vernon, G. R., Lieutenant I4th Infantry . - 7.00 
 
 Vogdes, I., Brigadier-General . . .; .^. ' 18.00 
 
 Wagoner, J. J., Lieutenant 1 9th Infantry * -: 10.00 
 
 Wagner, H., Lieutenant iith Infantry . . 7.00 
 
2i6 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Wagner, J. P., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . $10.00 
 
 Walker, J. H., Lieutenant I4th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Walker, T. W., Captain U. S. A. . . . 10.00 
 
 Wall, R., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . . . 10.00 
 
 Ward, R. B., Captain nth Pa. Vol. Cav. . . 10.00 
 
 Ward, R. J., Lieutenant ist Cavalry . . . 10.00 
 
 Warner, C. N., First Lieutenant 4th Artillery . 7.00 
 
 Warner, L. H., Lieutenant 7th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Warner, J. M., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Warren, G. K., Major-General .... 30.00 
 
 Weaver, H. E., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . . 10.00 
 
 Webb, A. S., Brigadier-General .... 20.00 
 
 Webster, W., Surgeon ..... 7.00 
 
 Weeks, G. H., Captain and Quartermaster . . 12.00 
 
 Wessells, H. W., Brigadier-General . fc V . 20.00 
 
 West, W., Lieutenant 2d Infantry . \ . 7.00 
 
 Wharton, H. C., Lieutenant of Engineers . . 10.00 
 
 Wheaton, F., Brigadier-General ; Capt. 4th Cavalry 20.00 
 
 Wheeler, J. B., Captain of Engineers . ! *'.> . 8.00 
 
 Whipple, W. D., Brigadier-General ?'* ,!"!. - . 18.00 
 
 White, C. B., Assistant Surgeon } i - ; . . 7.00 
 
 Whitely, R. H. K., Lieutenant-Col. Ord. Dept. . 11.00 
 
 Whitney, S., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . . . 10.00 
 
 Whittemore, J. M., Captain Ordnance Department 8.00 
 
 Wikoff, C. A., Lieutenant I 5th Infantry . 7.00 
 
 Wilkin, A., Captain 1 7th Infantry ; Col. Vols. . 13.00 
 
 Wilcox, J. A., Lieutenant 4th Cavalry . , . . 7.00 
 
 Williamson, R. S., Major of Engineers . ' v,- f . 10.00 
 
 Williams, G., Lieutenant 4th Infantry . " ' .,> . 7.00 
 
 Williams, G. A., Captain ist Infantry . . >. 10.00 
 
 Williams, J., Lieutenant i 5th Infantry . . . 7.00 
 
 Williams, S., Brigadier-General . . . . 18.00 
 
AT WEST POINT 217 
 
 Name and Rank. Amount. 
 
 Williams, T. C., Captain I9th Infantry * ^ $8.00 
 
 Wilson,}. E., Lieutenant ist Artillery . . 7.00 
 
 Wilson, R., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry . . : ' . 10.00 
 
 Wilson, R. P., Lieutenant lyth Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Winthrop, F., Captain . . . . ' 10.00 
 
 Wister, F., Captain i 2 th Infantry ' , . 10.00 
 
 Wolverton, W. D., Assistant Surgeon . . . 7.00 
 
 Wood, T. J., Brigadier-General ; Colonel zd Cavalry 20.00 
 
 Wood, W. H., Major i7th Infantry > \ ' . 10.00 
 
 Woodhull, A. A., Assistant Surgeon . . . 7.00 
 
 Woodruff, C. A., Lieutenant zd Artillery . . 7.00 
 
 Woodruff, D., Major I2th Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Woodruff, I. C., Major of Engineers . . . 10.00 
 
 Woodward, S. E., Lieutenant I5th Infantry . . 7.00 
 
 Wright, H. G., Brigadier-General . . . 18.00 
 
 Wright, J. P., Assistant Surgeon . . . 7.00 
 
 Yates, T., Captain I3th Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 Yorke, L. E., Captain I3th Infantry . . . 10.00 
 
 ENLISTED MEN. 
 
 Cavalry. 
 
 Organization. Amount. 
 
 5 enlisted men Capt. Drummond's recruiting party, 
 
 $1.00 each . . . . . . $5.00 
 
 80 enlisted men Cavalry Detachment, West Point. 113.00 
 
2i 8 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 Artillery. 
 
 Organization. Amount. 
 
 7 N. C. O. and Enlisted men Batty. L, 4th Arty. $7.00 
 
 Enlisted men 5th Artillery ; by Lt. Hickox . . 6.00 
 
 " " Battery B, ist Artillery . . . 67.00 
 
 48 enlisted men Co. K, zd Artillery . . . 48.00 
 
 33 Enlisted men Battery D, ist Artillery . . 33.00 
 
 40 " " " M, zd " . 52.00 
 
 Band, 1st Artillery . . . . . . 21.00 
 
 Infantry. 
 
 7 Enlisted men Washington rec. rndvz., $1.00 each 7.00 
 
 2 Corporals Lt. Grossman's rec. party, $1.00 each 2.00 
 
 Lt. Wuniston's rec. party (two men), 1.00 each . 2.00 
 
 Enlisted men Co. D, ist Batt. nth Infantry . 80.00 
 
 " " Co. G, " " ... 34.00 
 
 " " Co. B, " " . . 21.00 
 
 " " Co. C, " " . . 15.00 
 
 " " Co. E, " 18.50 
 
 " " Co. F, " " 17.00 
 
 ii Enlisted men loth Infantry ; by Capt. Sellers . 25.00 
 
 56 " " 1 4th Infantry . 57 .00 
 
 52 " " 1 7th Infantry . . . . 52.00 
 
 2d Infantry Band . . . . . .13 .00 
 
 Enlisted men 2d Infantry ..... 24.50 
 
 Enlisted men 1 2th Infantry Band . . . 1 1 .00 
 
 1 1 2 Enlisted men 1 2th Infantry . . . . 130.25 
 
 Sergt. Minneman, Sergt. Kennedy, Pvt. McNamara, 
 
 8th Infantry ... . . ^ 8.00 
 
 2 Enlisted men I2th Infantry; by Captain Wiston 3.00 
 
 15 " " 7th Infantry, Co. F . . . 18.00 
 
AT WEST POINT 219 
 
 Volunteers. 
 
 Organization. Amount. 
 
 Pvt. L. S. Phillips, ist Ohio V, A., for his friend 
 
 Lt. Frank Work, 4th U. S. Cavalry . . $7.00 
 Enlisted men Hd. Qrs. ist Brig, zd Div. 5th Army 
 
 Corps ....... 21.00 
 
 Staff. 
 
 Regulars, Watertown, Mass. . ..... 13.00 
 
 Bradford, G., Ord. Sergt 5.00 
 
A DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 QUARRYING, WORKING, TRANSPOR- 
 TATION AND ERECTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SHAFT OF THE 
 
 BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 AT WEST POINT 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 EDWARD F. MINER 
 
QUARRYING AND WORKING. 
 
 CHE quarry from which the shaft of the monument was 
 taken is located at Stony Creek, in the town of Bran- 
 ford, Connecticut. The quarry has been opened up 
 and extensively operated for only about ten or twelve 
 years, so that there is little of historical interest gathered about 
 it, although several buildings of a monumental character in 
 the central and eastern sections of the country have been built 
 of granite taken from it. 
 
 The chief characteristic of the quarry is the ability to pro- 
 duce large stones ; the out-croppings on the hill above the por- 
 tion opened up show ledges of very great length, without seams. 
 For a building in Boston there was furnished a platform twenty- 
 two feet ten inches long, seven feet wide and one foot seven 
 inches thick. Another instance of the ability to produce large 
 stones was given when at a single blast a block twenty feet 
 square and fifty feet long, without crack or seam, was dislodged 
 from the ledge. This block, if properly cut up, would have 
 furnished stone for nine shafts like the one in the Battle 
 Monument. 
 
 In quarrying the block for the monument, a bench was 
 cleared in the quarry, having the top, one side and one end en- 
 
 223 
 
224 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 tirely free, and with the other end freed from the ledge by a 
 natural seam. A line was marked off on the top surface for a 
 second side, and a set of holes for a blast drilled along this line 
 with a steam-drill. To insure breakage from the blast to be 
 in the exact line required, lewis-holes were drilled /. e. y one 
 hole is drilled vertically and one obliquely on either side, all 
 drilled from the same position of the tripod of the steam-drill. 
 The powder put into these holes for the blast was fired simul- 
 taneously with a battery, and cleared the block from the ledge, 
 opening up a seam from the top surface to the natural seam be- 
 low. The result was a block more than twice the size re- 
 quired for the shaft. A large slab was removed from the top 
 of the block with wedges, and then, by the same process of 
 wedging, a rectangular block of the necessary size to make the 
 shaft was split off. After the block of stone was entirely free it 
 was tipped from the ledge, carefully inspected and rolled from 
 the quarry to a suitable place where it could be cut and polished. 
 
 This whole process of quarrying, and the magnitude of the 
 undertaking, are very clearly illustrated in the accompanying cut 
 (I), which is a copy of a photograph taken at the quarry while 
 the men were at work on the block. 
 
 The working of the shaft involved no new problems in stone- 
 cutting and polishing except such as pertained to its excep- 
 tional size. The usual method of cutting the shaft of a column 
 involves the splitting off of the corners of the block with 
 wedges, then using the point and the pene hammer and finish- 
 ing the surface with the bush or patent hammer. The first 
 process in polishing is the grinding of the surface of the granite 
 with chilled shot, then with different grades of emery and fin- 
 ishing or glossing with putty powder. Chilled shot is the 
 trade name for small globular particles of chilled cast-iron ; it 
 being made by blowing out a molten stream of cast-iron with 
 a steam jet. The first of these processes is accomplished by 
 rubbing the surface of the granite to be polished with a block 
 
AT WEST POINT 225 
 
 of cast-iron under which is placed the chilled shot. Because 
 of their size and globular form, each individual shot presents 
 an almost infinitesimal point of contact with the stone, the re- 
 sult being that a slight pressure on an infinitely small area 
 breaks down the surface of the stone. The process of grind- 
 ing with emery is exactly similar, except that different grades 
 of emery are used and the process requires a greater length of 
 time. The grinding with emery leaves the stone with a very 
 smooth, even surface, but no polish. The polish or gloss is 
 put on by rubbing with a piece of felting covered with putty 
 powder. 
 
 With the above description of cutting and polishing granite, 
 the problems in working the monument shaft come clearly to 
 view. Without question, for all the processes of working, it 
 was best to mount the shaft so that it could be revolved, and 
 no effort was spared in devising a scheme for doing so, since it 
 was fairly expected that better results could be obtained in a 
 much shorter time than in any other way. 
 
 Where it was proposed to work the shaft a platform of heavy 
 timbers was laid down, and the stone rolled on to the platform 
 and blocked up. The ends were then squared up, and the 
 corners roughly knocked off, thus bringing the stone to a con- 
 dition where it was necessary to have it revolve. 
 
 The process up to this point is shown in the accompanying 
 cut (II). 
 
 As soon as the ends of the stone were squared up, journals 
 were bolted to it at the ends, and half-boxes in which the jour- 
 nals were to revolve were placed upon a crib-work of timber. 
 These journals were 13" in diameter, 18" long, and were cast 
 of refined iron on a face-plate two and one quarter inches thick 
 and three feet eight inches in diameter. On the inner or stone 
 side of the face-plate was cast a hub of the same size as the 
 journal, projecting into the stone six inches. Each face-plate 
 was fastened to the stone by fourteen i^" stud bolts, which 
 
226 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 were set on a circle three feet in diameter. The bolts were 
 set six inches into the stone, and for this six inches they were 
 cut with a very coarse lag screw-thread ; the part of the shank 
 passing through the face-plate being plain, and the nut end 
 having the standard V thread. 
 
 After a careful series of experiments on the testing-machine 
 in the laboratory of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute to de- 
 termine the best method of fastening the stud bolts to the stone, 
 it was decided to set them in sulphur. This material was 
 selected because it developed the greatest strength of any ma- 
 terial experimented with, was easily worked, and the fastenings 
 could be used immediately. 
 
 The method adopted for setting the journals in position on 
 the ends of the stone was as follows : A zinc template the size 
 of the face-plate was cut out, and the position of the bolts ac- 
 curately spaced off on the proper pitch-line. This template 
 was applied to the end of the stone, and the position of the 
 bolt-holes marked on the stone. With a steam-drill, holes six 
 and one quarter inches deep and two and one quarter inches in 
 diameter were drilled in the end of the stone. From the zinc 
 template a wooden template was made thick enough, so that 
 when a bolt was placed in one of the holes it was held firmly 
 at right angles to the face of the template. The wood template 
 was then placed in the proper position on the end of the stone, 
 and the bolts one by one put in position, so that they projected 
 into the holes drilled into the stone. Through a specially pre- 
 pared channel in the wood template,* melted sulphur was run 
 into the holes in the stone, surrounding the bolts, and thus 
 fastening them firmly and accurately in place. The wood 
 template was removed, and the iron face-plate with the journal 
 slipped on in its place, the nuts put on the bolts, and the face- 
 plate tightly screwed to position against wooden wedges placed 
 between it and the stone. 
 
 At this point the most difficult part of setting the face-plates 
 
OP THK 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
AT WEST POINT 227 
 
 was encountered. The axis of each of the journals must coin- 
 cide exactly with that of the stone shaft, or when the shaft was 
 revolved the journals would bear at the outer end for part of 
 the revolution, and at the inner end for the remainder, and 
 would not lie truly in their bearings. The face-plates were 
 set in exact position by means of measurements from a system 
 of horizontal wires stretched the whole length of the shaft and 
 from plumb-lines of wire. After the plate was brought to an 
 exact position it was firmly bolted in place, being held by the 
 wood wedges about one quarter of an inch away from the face 
 of the stone. The space between the stone and the face-plate 
 and around the projecting hub was filled with melted sulphur, 
 which, when cold, gave a true surface against which the face- 
 plate could be bolted without unduly straining either bolts or 
 face-plate. 
 
 As soon as the face-plates were bolted in position the shaft 
 was lowered so that the journals rested in the half-boxes pre- 
 pared for them on the timber crib-work. For the purpose of 
 cutting, before the machinery was set up, the shaft was revolved 
 by means of a tackle block hitched to the end of a rope wound 
 several times around the shaft. 
 
 To get the correct profile for the use of the stone-cutters, a 
 reverse template was made of wood, and hung on hinges just 
 above the shaft in the vertical plane of its axis. When in use, 
 the template was dropped down, and measurements taken be- 
 tween it and the surface of the stone ; at other times it was 
 swung up to one side. 
 
 The cut (III) shows the stone mounted on the journals and 
 the cutting partially completed. 
 
 As a precaution against breakage, it was thought desirable, in 
 designing the machinery for revolving the shaft, to arrange it in 
 such a manner as to furnish some support for the shaft. To 
 accomplish this, two wooden pulleys (cut IV) eight feet in 
 diameter and one foot ten inches on centers were placed at the 
 
228 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 center of the length of the shaft, and one third of the weight 
 carried by means of wire-ropes R running from them to the 
 driving-gear above. This driving-gear and the part of the 
 weight of the shaft borne by the ropes were carried by three 
 trusses E, made of ten by twelve inch timber, which in turn 
 were footed upon a trussed stringer H to distribute the load 
 over a large area. 
 
 The main trusses E were braced by plank G, and connected on 
 the top by twelve-inch caps. On these caps were placed eight 
 draw-bar car springs C, two over each of the outer trusses, and 
 four over the center. On these springs were placed two six by 
 twelve inch timbers, which in turn carried three ten by twelve 
 timbers placed at right angles, these latter acting as seats for 
 four pairs of long wedges K by which the wire ropes between 
 the pulleys I and the sheaves B were kept at the proper ten- 
 sion. Upon the wedges rested a strong timber frame carrying 
 three boxes in which ran a six-inch steel shaft. To this shaft 
 were keyed two sets of three sheaves B, from which approxi- 
 mately one third of the weight of the shaft was hung by means 
 of six seven-eighths inch wire ropes. The shaft also carried a 
 twelve-foot wood pulley A, which was belted through a coun- 
 ter-shaft to a fifty horse-power engine. At its outer end the 
 shaft was supported by a movable bearing balanced by a counter- 
 weight D of nine hundred pounds. 
 
 It will be noticed that the device of supporting the six-inch 
 steel shaft on springs gave the required flexibility which was 
 necessary to allow for the unevenness of motion in such tem- 
 porary work. By experiment the modulus of the springs was 
 ascertained, so that with a simple device, indicating the com- 
 pression, it was possible to know very closely how much of the 
 weight of the stone shaft was carried by the ropes at any time. 
 
 The ropes first used were made with the ordinary long splice, 
 and great difficulty was experienced in the splice pulling out and 
 the wires breaking where the strands were crossed in the splic- 
 
AT WEST POINT 229 
 
 ing. This difficulty was overcome by using grommets /. e., 
 rings of rope made from single strands of wire. They were 
 made in the following manner : A piece of wire rope the re- 
 quired length and size was cut off and formed into a ring with 
 the ends simply butted together. A single strand from this rope 
 was removed and another strand of the same size from a long 
 coil wound in its place, a second strand was then removed, and 
 the same strand as before wound in its place. This process 
 was continued until the six strands of the original ring of rope 
 had been removed and the new single continuous strand wound 
 in their place. The result was a ring of rope made from a 
 single continuous strand, with, of course, only two ends to tuck 
 in. These ropes were forty-two feet long, and in wearing ouf 
 stretched ten inches, the stretch being taken up with the wedges. 
 
 The first process in polishing, that of grinding with chilled 
 shot, was accomplished by placing on the top of the shaft flat 
 pieces of cast-iron, called planes, having the under side curved 
 to fit the shaft. They were held in place, when the stone re- 
 volved, by an attached piece of board which rested against a 
 stringer plank placed at the back of the shaft. While the shaft 
 was revolving the chilled shot mixed with lime and water was 
 thrown upon the surface, and, passing under the planes, ground 
 the stone to an even surface. After the surface was reduced 
 as much as possible with the chilled shot, the same process was 
 used with emery, the finest of the emery leaving the surface 
 very smooth and even. After the emery was washed off, the 
 planes were covered with a thick felt, and putty powder mixed 
 with water was put on. This finished the surface with a pol- 
 ish or gloss, and completed the process. 
 
 One shift of the machinery had to be made in order to polish 
 the surface under the first position of the wood pulleys. This 
 was accomplished by tying together and bracing all of the parts 
 to be moved, and then sliding them bodily four feet six inches 
 to a new position. 
 
 16 
 
230 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 From careful measurements of the water used in the boilers, 
 the cylinder pressure of the engine and the pull of the planes 
 on the surface of the stone, it was ascertained that the maxi- 
 mum horse-power used was slightly under twenty. By testing 
 with a spring balance it was found that the friction of the planes 
 varied with the material used in grinding, and also with the 
 amount of water on the surface of the stone at the time. The 
 friction when grinding with shot averaged eleven per cent, 
 of the weight of the plane, twenty-five per cent, with the emery, 
 and thirty-five per cent, when glossing. The shaft was run at 
 an average of six and one third revolutions per minute. The 
 time taken for the different operations was : for chilled shot, 
 thirty-eight hours; emery, fifty-six hours; and glossing, eight 
 hours, for each different length of surface worked at any one 
 time. 
 
OF THB 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 CHE casing or boxing of the shaft for transportation was 
 planned with especial view toward facilitating the erec- 
 tion at the site of the monument. It consisted of four 
 fourteen-inch square timbers for stringers, fitted to the 
 profile of the shaft and placed at four points equidistant about its 
 circumference. These timbers were connected and held firmly in 
 place by a series of heavy bolts. In order to reduce the danger of 
 breakage to the shaft during transportation to a minimum, the 
 vertical sides of the square formed by these heavy timbers were 
 trussed. The bolts of the trussing passed through the stringers 
 and also through a cross timber placed under the shaft and fitted 
 to it. This gave support to the shaft at five points intermediate 
 between the bearing points on the car. The stringer timbers 
 projected some four feet beyond the small end or top of the shaft, 
 and between these were fitted four cross timbers. One set of 
 two cross timbers were twelve inches square and were fitted 
 carefully to the necking and top 'of the shaft, and bolted se- 
 curely to the stringers. Diagonally through these cross timbers 
 were passed ten two-inch eye-bolts, five on each timber, the 
 eyes of all bolts meeting in a line through the center of the 
 other set of cross timbers, which were placed at right angles to 
 the first set. Between the eye-bolts were placed the straps 
 
 231 
 
232 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 for the tackle block, and then a two and one half inch steel rod 
 was passed through the timber, eye-bolts and straps, thus form- 
 ing the connection by which the column was lifted when 
 erected. 
 
 At the large, or bottom, end the stringer timbers projected 
 only one foot and eight inches. Here two cross timbers were 
 fitted at the end of the shaft and bolted firmly to the stringers. 
 The ends of the bottom stringers were notched to receive a 
 twelve-inch timber twelve feet long, whose section was three 
 quarters round and one quarter square. This timber was used 
 as a hinge on which the shaft was brought to an upright posi- 
 tion when erected at the site. 
 
 The cars used for transportation were the usual design of flat 
 cars, but were quite low and built extra heavy in all their de- 
 tail, the axle being five by eight inches. They were thirty- 
 eight feet six inches long, and were built and used by a loco- 
 motive builder for carrying two elevated railroad locomotives. 
 
 The cars were prepared for the shaft by laying ten by ten 
 timbers on the car body, which were two feet longer than the 
 distance between the centers of the trucks. They were blocked 
 up from the car body two inches at the ends and held from side 
 deflection by separator blocks fastened to the car, and by long 
 bolts passing through the outer timbers down through the bol- 
 ster blocks of the truss rods. The object of these timbers was 
 to transmit directly to the trucks a part of the weight of the 
 shaft, thus relieving the car body and truss rods beneath of an 
 excessive load. The timbers carried a load sufficient to deflect 
 them the two inches of the blocking plus the deflection of the 
 car body. 
 
 Across these ten by ten stringer timbers were placed flatwise 
 two eight by twelve inch timbers bolted firmly to them. Simi- 
 lar timbers were fastened to the stringers of the casing to the 
 shaft, and fitted so that the shaft rested in them. These two 
 sets of timbers were placed at each end of the shaft, and on 
 
AT WEST POINT 233 
 
 each car, and formed the bearing on which the shaft rested in 
 transportation. All of the timbers were shod with iron and 
 the set under the large end of the shaft was arranged with a two- 
 inch king-bolt. At the other end the bolster timbers on the 
 car were longer, and heavy blocks, having their inner surface 
 worked to a curve, were bolted to them. At this end there 
 was no fastening between the bolster blocks, and the casing of 
 the shaft was allowed to slide back and forth as the motion of 
 the cars required on the different curves of the railroads. 
 
 Loaded as described, the shaft was transported by railroad 
 without any accident whatever. The only annoyance during 
 the trip was caused by the heating of the journals of the axles. 
 There was little difficulty when the speed of the train was kept 
 below ten miles an hour; above that, the journals would run 
 for only a short time without heating badly. The heaviest 
 loaded set of trucks was under the large end of the shaft, and 
 with the weight of the car it carried approximately seventy-five 
 thousand pounds. 
 
 The cut (V) shows the cars as they appeared ready for 
 shipment, with the shaft protected from the weather by a can- 
 vas cover. 
 
 The journey from Stony Creek to West Point was made over 
 the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad from Stony 
 Creek to Hartford via Say brook Junction; from Hartford to 
 Fishkill on the Hudson by the New York and New England 
 Railroad; across the Hudson to Newburg by boat; and from 
 Newburg to West Point over the West Shore Road a total 
 distance of one hundred and ninety-one miles. The trip was 
 made in thirteen days, with an actual running time of thirty- 
 eight hours. 
 
 The transportation from the switch at the West Point sta- 
 tion up the steep hill to the site of the monument on the parade 
 ground was accomplished by laying a temporary track in short 
 sections, no particular difficulty being experienced except 
 
234 TH E BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 near the riding school, where a reverse curve of seventy-five and 
 eighty-five feet radii on a twelve per cent, grade was encoun- 
 tered. Here the curve was so short that the car timbers 
 had to be deeply cut to allow the wheels of the trucks enough 
 swing to pass the sharp curve. The shaft was not removed 
 from the cars until it was blocked up at the site of the mpnu- 
 ment ready for erection. The cars were made up to a con- 
 venient height on a crib-work of timbers. 
 
 The cuts (VI, VII) illustrate very clearly the method of 
 transportation from the railroad switch to the site. 
 
ERECTION. 
 
 CHE erection of the shaft was the subject of quite as 
 much thought and planning as any part of its hand- 
 ling, the difficulty being not only the handling of so 
 great a load, but that it must be put in an upright 
 position without any weight being allowed to come upon the 
 lower edge, since that would very likely break out a piece from 
 the shaft. A method of erection similar to that used in erect- 
 ing the Egyptian obelisk in Central Park, New York, by bolting 
 trunnions to the sides near the center of gravity, was considered, 
 but abandoned. The method adopted was to arrange a sort of 
 wooden hinge about which the shaft and casing were revolved 
 while being raised to an upright position. 
 
 A twelve-inch timber three quarters round and one quarter 
 square was fitted to the bottom stringer timbers at the end next 
 the base of the monument. This was allowed to rest on other 
 timbers which had been hollowed out half round. In erection, 
 the whole of the shaft and casing rested on the round timber, 
 which in turn rested on and turned in the timbers hollowed out 
 to receive it. 
 
 When the shaft was raised to an upright position it was 
 landed upon an upright stone post, two feet square, set in the 
 center of the base several inches above the permanent position 
 
 235 
 
236 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 
 
 of the bottom of the shaft. This stone post was supported 
 upon a bed of sand in a pocket formed in the base of the mon- 
 ument, and so arranged that by opening a gate valve the sand 
 would flow out and so lower the post and the shaft above, 
 forming what may be termed a sand-jack. 
 
 The shaft was raised to an upright position by a tackle of 
 twenty ropes, ten sheaves eighteen inches in diameter being 
 fastened to the top of the casing of the shaft as previously de- 
 scribed. The fixed block was made up of eleven sheaves of the 
 same size, and was fastened with six two-and-one-half-inch eye- 
 bolts to a sixteen by eighteen inch hard pine timber reinforced 
 on the top by an iron plate one inch thick and eighteen inches 
 wide. This cross-head timber was suitably fastened to the top 
 of a stage built of heavy timbers from the ground to a height 
 convenient for handling the shaft and the surmounting stone 
 work. On the front the stage was braced on either side by two 
 twelve by twelve inch timbers, and in the opposite direction it 
 was guyed from the top to two posts two hundred feet apart 
 and two hundred and fifty feet back of the monument. It was 
 at first planned to use a breast derrick instead of a stage for the 
 erection of the shaft, and a derrick one hundred and three feet 
 high was built and erected. During the winter previous to the 
 erection of the monument it was- wrecked in a high gale, and a 
 stage substituted instead of building another derrick. 
 
 The rope used in the tackle for hoisting was a three-quarter 
 inch crucible steel wire rope, and rated by the manufacturers at a 
 breaking strain of thirty-six thousand pounds. The greatest strain 
 on the single rope during the erection to a vertical position was, 
 neglecting friction, four thousand pounds; and afterward, when 
 the whole weight of the stone and casing was held for a short 
 time while the position of the shaft was being adjusted, the 
 strain was slightly over nine thousand pounds. 
 
 Previous to the erection the shaft and casing were blocked 
 up to as high an angle as was practicable and a trial lift made. 
 
AT WEST POINT 237 
 
 This trial developed a weakness in the front brace timbers, 
 which was remedied by adding more guys to the back. When 
 the final lift was made, everything worked smoothly, and in ten 
 minutes the shaft was erect and resting on the stone post. 
 
 The cut (VIII) is a copy of a photograph taken while the 
 shaft was being raised to an upright position. 
 
 It was intended to land the shaft on the stone post in the 
 correct position for lowering on to the base; but, owing to a 
 slight movement of the shaft in the casing, this was not ac- 
 complished. The correct adjustment was made by taking a strain 
 on the lifting tackle, then locking the drums of the hoisting en- 
 gine and allowing sufficient sand to flow out from under the stone 
 to clear it from the whole weight of the shaft and casing. The 
 shaft was then lashed in correct position and lowered back on 
 the stone post. It will be noted that by this operation, while 
 the whole weight was held for a given time, a direct lift was 
 avoided. 
 
 When everything was ready for lowering the shaft to its final 
 position the bottom part of the casing was sawed off and re- 
 moved. The valve controlling the sand was then opened, and 
 the running' out of the sand allowed the shaft to settle gradually 
 and smoothly to its permanent bed, which had previously re- 
 ceived a thin layer of cement mortar. The bottom of the 
 pocket for the sand was made conical in shape, it being found 
 necessary by experiment in order to make the sand flow out 
 uniformly. After the shaft was landed upon the stone post it 
 was found to have compressed the sand three eighths of an 
 inch, or two hundred and sixteen cubic inches in a total vol- 
 ume of sixteen cubic feet, under a direct compression of about 
 three hundred and twelve pounds per square inch. 
 
REPORT OF THE TREASURER 
 

 
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