NT CD 9 O UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. GIF^T OK Received Accession No. ' 8( >?' Clots No. N This is one of an edition of one thousand copies printed from type on Van Gelder hand-made paper for the Battle Monument Association in the month of December, 1898. fiistory of Che Battle JMonumcnt at Cdest point Ristory of Cbe Battle JMonument Slest point together with a list of the names of those inscribed upon and commemorated by it and of the original subscribers thereto prepared by Charles CCL Lamed professor, d. 8. JVIilitary Hcademy Secretary of the Building Committee ^ n ^ ^ ^' Co which is added a description of the quarrying, working transportation and erection of the shaft, by Gdward f% JMiner Cdest point, New \ork 1898 CONTENTS PAGE i History of the Battle Monument . . , Dedication of Site on Trophy Point . . . % 19 Prayers . . . . . . . 23 Oration by General George B. McClellan . . 29 Dedication Ceremonies at West Point ; . . . 83 Prayers . . . . . . \ > . . . 87 Address of General Wilson . . * . .89 Address of General Schofield . . . . 495 Address of Secretary of War . . . .99 Address of Justice Brewer ;. . . . . 103 Epilogue . . . * . . .113 List of Officers and Men Borne upon the Monument . 117 Description of the Quarrying, Working, Transportation and Erection of the Battle Monument . . . 221 Report of the Treasurer . . . . . 239 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS i Monument. View from West . . Frontispiece ii Monument. Front view . . . Facing page i in Competitive Design of Babb, Cook &Willard " " 67 iv Competitive Design of Carrere & Hastings . " " 71 v Alternative Design of Carrere & Hastings . " " 73 vi Competitive Design of R. W. Emerson . " " 75 vn Grand Stand from the West . . . " " 83 vm Rostrum . . . . . . " " 89 ix Grand Stand from the South . . . " "103 x Fame. View from West . ' . . " "113 xi Fame. View from East . . . . " " 117 xii Cylindrical Base, bearing Names of Officers " " 119 xin Sphere and Plinth, bearing names of Enlisted Men " " 131 xiv Shaft in the Quarry .- . . . " " 221 xv Preparing the Shaft for Working . Facing page 225 xvi Mounted on Journals for Cutting . . " " 227 xvn Mechanical Appliances for Polishing / . " " 228 xviii On the Cars for Transportation . . " " 231 xix From Station to Site . . . . " " 232 xx On the Way . . . . . " " 233 xxi Arrival at Site . ^ _,..., , ^ . . " t( 234 xxii Erection . . . . . . " " 237 or THK UNIVERSITY } THE BATTLE MONUMENT AT WEST POINT THE BATTLE MONUMENT AT WEST POINT CHE polished monolith of granite that faces on the terre-plein of West Point the gate- way of the Hudson Highlands, guarding like a giant sentinel the memory of two thousand heroes of the mighty struggle for principle which freed a race and welded a nation, was dedicated to its sacred function on a day of mingled cloud mists and sunbursts fit type of the dark years of battle and of the glory of the victory which it commemorates. The band of men whose roll is to be read upon its tablets, and high above whose names winged Fame stands poised with trumpet and outstretched wreath, are the battle victims of that little army which stood at the beginning of the fight of 1861 for all the military art our country knew. Its 2 THE BATTLE MONUMENT monument rests to-day within the borders of the great Academy which for half a century had kept alive the tradition of military integrity, discipline, simplicity, and science which inspired these men, and through them the mighty hosts of heroic vol- unteers who offered their lives for principle and country. This is a monument to the regular army of the United States, erected by brothers to brothers, not in an invidious or vaunting spirit, but with a just pride in the great work wrought by the soul that went forth from this army into the leaderless masses of noble men who left the walks of peace for the hard field of fight. The regular army is justified in this ppde,and rightly glories in this rock- hewn witness to a work well and faithfully done, not only in this War of the Rebellion, but by these same men in exile, hardships and peril on remote frontiers amidst savage foes the advance-guard of our civilization, the protectors of a land which they did not possess, and the promoters of a great industrial development whose fruit was not theirs. This memorial was not built by a grateful coun- try, but by voluntary offerings from the hard-won pay of comrades in the field within hearing of the roar of battle, and in sight of the dead whose memory it preserves. Was ever shaft so reared before, or with a sentiment more modest, tender, and unselfish ? AT WEST POINT 3 Those who have guarded the sacred trust con- fided to them, and whose honor and pleasure it has been to bring it to fruition, have labored to express in the finished work the dignity of the sentiment that gave it birth. The granite block, hewn from the mountain single, upright, shin- ing like the deeds to which it bears witness ; the polished sphere, rounded like their lives and belted with enduring bronze ; the simple inscription : IN MEMORY OF THE OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE REGULAR ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES WHO FELL IN BATTLE DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION THIS MONUMENT IS ERECTED BY THEIR SURVIVING COMRADES these are all conceived in reverence, and in- tended to speak simply and directly the purpose of the givers and the merits of the dead. It is but right to add that the designer, Stanford White, and the sculptor, Frederick MacMonnies, have given a generous and enthusiastic labor to the work far beyond the value of any money recom- 4 THE BATTLE MONUMENT pense received, and in the true spirit of the artist and patriotic citizen. In response to a request from the Secretary of the Building Committee of the Battle Monument Association that he should narrate the circum- stances which surrounded the initiative of the un- dertaking, Col. Hasbrouck wrote as follows : Fort Monroe, Va., Nov. 6, 1897. My dear Lamed: I returned to Fort Monroe last week from detached ser- vice on a board which has kept me busily occupied for about two months. I have been trying to recall the facts and inci- dents connected with the Battle Monument, and the action taken just after the conception of the project, which might avail you for your article. I find that my memory is unreliable about many things that have happened so long ago and I am sorry and afraid that my letter will not be of much use to you. The idea of the monument originated at West Point and the successful efforts to arouse interest and to raise the necessary funds were made by the officers permanently and temporarily on duty at the Academy. I was ordered to West Point for duty in September, 1863, while north on sick leave. At that time all the officers temporarily on duty had seen service in the field and many of them had been disabled by either wounds or sickness. All knew and appreciated the services of the regulars ; and the merits and deeds of officers and men who had fallen were constantly recalled. These services were well known at the front, but received little recognition in the press, which, from local and State pride, made special effort to exploit the AT WEST POINT 5 achievements of their own volunteers. We all thought the reg- ulars were not receiving their just dues, and that their services should be better known and permanently commemorated. Soon after my arrival I suggested one night after dinner at the Mess a Monument at West Point which should have inscribed upon it a list of the battles and the names of all the officers and men of the Regular Army who had been killed or died of wounds re- ceived in action. The idea was well received and a notice for a meeting the next Saturday, a day when most of the officers could attend, was sent out. The meeting was attended by many officers. Lieut, (afterwards Captain) Charles C. Parsons, 4th Artillery, was especially interested and enthusiastic. He was a very able and earnest man, and I think the success of the effort in its initial stages was more due to him than to any other sin- gle individual. It is my recollection that he was made chair- man of this meeting. He thought it important to secure as soon as possible the co-operation of all in the Regular Service, and urged that letters be promptly written to officers in the field and at other stations, asking for their views and aid. He sent for the necessary stationery, and many letters were writ- ten before the meeting broke up. A number of officers were there, but I cannot recall with certainty any except Parsons and Captain A. T. Smith, 8th Infantry, now Colonel of the 1 3th Infantry. In a short time so many favorable responses were received that a regular organization was formed, a treas- urer appointed, and subscriptions asked for. Sincerely yours, H. C. HASBROUCK. The minutes of the Association formed under the impulse of this suggestion of Lieutenant Has- brouck give a clear account of the early stages of IA 6 THE BATTLE MONUMENT the undertaking which has recently culminated in the dedication of a Monument bearing the names of every officer and soldier in the Regular Army of the United States who fell in battle or died of wounds received in the War of the Rebellion. The following extracts are selected as giving the most important acts of the committees having it in charge as well as the names of their individual members : West Point, N. Y., Oct. 6, 1863. At a meeting of officers convened at West Point, N. Y., Oct. 6, 1863, for the purpose hereafter designated, First Lieutenant W. A. Elderkin, ist Artillery, U. S. Army, was called to the chair, af- ter which the following resolution was unani- mously adopted : For the purpose of perpetuating the memory of those officers of the Regular Army who shall have fallen in action or died from wounds received in the field during the present war, it is Resolved That an organization be hereby ef- fected, to consist of a President, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and an Executive Committee of eleven, including the above-named, who shall be em- powered to solicit and receive subscriptions, as shall hereafter be determined, for the erection of a Monument at this post, upon which shall be in- AT WEST POINT 7 scribed the names, etc., of those who are embraced within the purpose of this resolution. Whereupon the following officers were desig- nated to constitute this organization : President : Col. A. H. Bowman, U. S. Engineers, and Superintendent Treasurer: Prof. A. E. Church, Military Academy Secretary : First Lieut. C. C. Parsons, 4th Artillery, U. S. Army Lieut-Col. H. B. Clitz, Maj. 12th Infantry, U. S. A., and Comdt. Capt. W. P. Chambliss, 5th Cavalry, U. S. Army Capt. S. V. Benet, Ordnance Capt. M. D. McAlister, Engineers Capt. L. Lorain, 3d Artillery First Lieut. A. T. Smith, 8th Infantry First Lieut. W. A. Elderkin, ist Artillery First Lieut. H. B. Noble, 8th Infantry Executive Committee. And the chairman of the meeting, in conjunc- tion with Lieut. Hasbrouck, 4th Artillery, and Captain Bradford, Ordnance Corps, was directed to notify these officers of their selection, and re- quest their acceptance. On further motion, the 8 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Executive Committee was directed to establish a pro rata standard of subscription, to fill vacancies among themselves, and to inquire into the expe- diency of obtaining permission from the Secretary of War to forward circulars, etc., through the Ad- jutant-General's Office. On motion, the meeting adjourned to meet at Lieut. Hasbrouck's quarters on Friday evening following. W. A. ELDERKIN, First Lieut. 1st Artillery, U. S. Army, President. C. C. PARSONS, First Lieut. 4th Artillery, U. S. Army, Secretary. West Point, N. Y., Oct. 9, 1863. The meeting assembled, pursuant to adjourn- ment, and resolved itself into the Executive Com- mittee previously designated. Present all the members except Col. Bowman, Prof. Church, and Capt. Chambliss. Lieut. Elderkin in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read, and on motion accepted, with the following amend- ment: That the Superintendent of the Military Acad- emy and Commandant of the Corps of Cadets should become ex-officio members of the Execu- tive Committee, the former being also President. AT WEST POINT 9 On motion, the Committee adjourned to meet at the call of the Secretary. Lieut. Elderkin, from Committee on Notifica- tion, reported that the officers selected to constitute the organization had been severally waited upon, with the exception of Captain Chambliss, absent from the post, and that each, with the above ex- ception, had signified his acceptance. Report adopted and Committee discharged. On motion, the following Sub-committees were appointed: Design and Execution. Col. Bowman, Lieut.-Col. Clitz, Lieut. Elderkin. Finance. Prof. Church, Capt. Benet, Capt. McAlister. Site. Col. Bowman, Capt. Chambliss, Capt. Lorain. Ceremonies. Lieut.-Col. Clitz, Lieut. Smith, Lieut. Noble. The following is the circular prepared by the Executive Committee : io THE BATTLE MONUMENT West Point, N. Y., Sir: In response to what is believed to be the wish of all who have an interest in the subject, the Offi- cers now stationed at West Point have effected an organization for the purpose of erecting at that post a Monument, to be called THE BATTLE MON- UMENT, upon which shall be inscribed the names of all Officers of the Regular Army who, during the present war, shall have been killed or died of wounds received in the field. It is not deemed necessary that any elaborate argument should set forth the propriety of earnest action in behalf of this object. It is an admitted fact, that while in other countries and other ages places are assigned in the historic mausoleum of the nation's illustrious dead, for those who have fallen for the public good, the soldiers of the American army are often permitted to rest among the unknown dead, while their names find no place in the annals of the stormy scenes in which, per- haps, they were the most exalted actors. Is it not fit, therefore, that at West Point, the great central post around which cluster some of the richest associations of the Regular Army, to which would cheerfully resort all who wish to pay a tribute to the gallant dead, under the shadow of the Academy which at last receives her sons and all who fight or fall beside them, should be AT WEST POINT n erected a Monument which shall supply the want that now exists ? To the dead it would offer the grateful homage of fraternal hearts, to the living, still another inspiration to heroic virtues and sublime self- devotion. The plan of action that is proposed has been carefully sought out, and it is trusted that, with a favorable response, a sufficient sum may be raised to make the Battle Monument, in design and dura- bility, entirely worthy of its purpose. It seems unnecessary that those who have un- dertaken to initiate this project should disavow any undue assumption in regard to it, since they ear- nestly ask from their brother officers, in the field or elsewhere, such instructions or suggestions as may tend to forward the purpose that is held in view. For the purpose of indicating a standard of sub- scription, the following rates are proposed. Every one, however, will feel at liberty to offer a greater or less sum, as circumstances permit : Maj.-Gen-eral, $27.00 Major, . $10.00 Brig.-General, . 18.00 Captain, . 8.00 Colonel, . 13.00 Lieutenant, . 7.00 Lieut.-Colonel, . 11.00 (Approximating to six per cent, of monthly pay, for one month.) Beside your personal subscription, your co-oper- 12 THE BATTLE MONUMENT f ation with your associates in the field is also so- licited, since this circular may not otherwise reach them on account of the difficulty of obtaining correct address. Should subscriptions be forwarded in aggregate, the officer so forwarding will please enclose the names of the several subscribers. Subscriptions may be remitted to the Treasurer, Prof. A. E. CHURCH, West Point, N. Y. Signed, etc., by Executive Committee. On motion, it was declared the purpose of the Committee to include the cases of such officers as may die after the war from wounds received as be- fore mentioned, and that in addition to the name, etc., and rank in the Regular Army, should be recorded also the rank, in Volunteers, of officers named. On motion, the Finance Committee were in- structed to inquire the amount which might prob- ably be raised by proposed plan of subscription ; and the same Committee was authorized to direct such incidental expenditures as are from time to time required. W. A. ELDERKIN, First Lieut, ist Artillery, U. S. Army, President. First Lieut. C. C. PARSONS, 4th Artillery,!!. S. Army, Secretary. AT WEST POINT 13 West Point, N. Y., Nov. 24, 1863. The Executive Committee met upon call of the Secretary, pursuant to terms of last adjournment. Prof. Church in the chair. Present all the mem- bers except Col. Bowman and Capt. Benet. The minutes of the last meeting were read and accepted. The Secretary stated that he had called the meeting in order to answer inquiries in regard to action taken since the last adjournment. The minutes of the meeting and the Circular after- wards adopted had been placed by the Presi- dent of the Committee in the hands of Brig.- General Totten, Chief Engineer and Inspector of the Academy. No response had been returned thereto. Whereupon, after full discussion, the following resolutions were adopted : The purpose and plan of action of this Organi- zation having been laid before the Chief Engineer and Inspector of the Academy and no objection having been returned, it is Resolved, ist. That the Secretary, under super- vision of the Finance Committee, be directed to procure the printing of (blank to be filled by the Secretary) copies of the Circular, to be distributed as contemplated, and also the publication of the same in the most suitable journals. 2d. That application in the name of the Execu- H THE BATTLE MONUMENT tive Committee be made to the Secretary of War for permission to erect the Battle Monument at this post. 3d. That the subscriptions necessary to defray the expenses to be incurred by the First Resolution be at once solicited, such subscriptions to be regarded as part of the permanent fund. 4th. That the Secretary be permitted to sign the name of each member of the Executive Commit- tee to the above Circular, and all corresponding papers properly authorized. 5th. That the Finance Committee be directed to procure a book in which shall be permanently re- corded the names of all subscribers to the funds of the Association. 6th. That copies of the proceedings, resolutions, etc., most prominently setting forth the plans and purposes of the organization be forwarded by the Secretary to officers of the Regular Army high in command, with the request that they furnish re- sponses which shall be appended to the Circular for general distribution. The Secretary was directed to add to the Circu- lar so much as is necessary to carry out the inten- tion of the 6th Resolution. West Point, N. Y., Dec. 15, 1863. The Secretary reported that, conformably with a Resolution of the last meeting, he had ordered AT WEST POINT 15 * the printing of fifty copies each of Submitted Cir- culars and Extracts from Minutes, and asked fur- ther instructions. A list of names including sixteen was deter- mined upon by the Committee, to whom these papers should be forwarded and their responses appended to the Circular. The Committee on Finance, through the Chair- man, reported that from calculation upon the present basis of subscription, the amount to be realized would approximate to $20,000. The Committee on Site were directed to report as early as convenient. West Point, N. Y., Jan. 28, 1864. The Secretary presented as subject for action printed Circulars, of which 2600 copies had been ordered, embodying, in addition to the first Circu- lar of the Committee, extracts from all the responses thus far received namely, from Maj.-Genls. McClellan, Wool, Grant, Thomas, Buell, Hooker and Meade, and Brig.-Gen. Meigs, Q.-M.-General of the Army ; also a plan for the Monument from Genl. Meigs. The Chairman stated that he had received a letter from Gen. Gibbon containing certain suggestions laid before the Committee. On motion and after discussion upon the ways and means of issuing these, the Circular was adopted. 16 THE BATTLE MONUMENT West Point, N. Y., Feby. y, 1864. The Secretary submitted a letter from Major R. Williams, A. A. G., suggesting the printing of about 3000 Circulars, to be forwarded to him, upon which he would forward them to every officer of the Regular Army. Upon motion, it was directed that the Circulars of the first edition be so changed as to include in the object of the Monument a Memorial to the Enlisted Men who shall fall, etc., and that in the pro rata subscription $1.00 be added for Enlisted Men. ****** West Point, N. Y., Feby. 24, 1864. The Secretary announced as business before the Committee that a vacancy had been created by reason of Capt. Benet having been ordered from the post. On motion, Capt. T. J. Treadwell, Ordnance Corps, was elected to fill the vacancy. The letter of Maj. F. M. Etting, Additional Pay- master, enquiring in regard to those included within the appeal and objects of the Executive Commit- tee, being submitted, the Secretary was directed to reply that the term " Regular Officer " was sup- posed to include those enumerated on page 110 (marked A), Army Register, dated Washington. April i, 1863. AT WEST POINT 17 West Point, N. Y., April 19, 1864. The following resolutions, providing for the in- augurating of the Monument, were unanimously passed : 1st. Resolved: That the ceremony of inaugu- ration of the BATTLE MONUMENT take place the 15th of June, next. 2d. That the Committees on Site and Design be directed to so determine that a position for the Monument shall be selected and reported to the Executive Committee at its next meeting. 3d. That the Committee on Ceremonies be directed to prepare and report at the next meeting a programme of exercises for the day of inaugu- ration. 4th. That Maj.-General McClellan be invited in the name of the Executive Committee to de- liver the Inaugural Address. Upon further motion, it was directed that the Chairman appoint three other members of the Executive Committee to confer with the Com- mittee on Ceremonies upon the drawing up of the Programme in accordance with the 3d Resolution ; whereupon the chairman appointed Maj. Cham- bliss, Captains McAlister and Treadwell as such additional members. Upon further motion, the Secretary was directed to tender the thanks of the Executive Committee, and thus of the Army, to 1 8 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Major R. Williams, Asst. Adjt.-General, for the especial service he has rendered to this project by procuring the directing, franking and forwarding of 2500 copies of the Committee's last circular to all officers of the army. On May 3, 1864, as a result of the foregoing, the Secretary laid before the Committee a letter from Maj.-General McClellan, accepting the Com- mittee's invitation to deliver the Inaugural Address upon the 15th of June, next, whereupon it was directed that the correspondence upon this invita- tion be entered in the minutes of the evening. This correspondence was not so entered, and no trace of it can be found. The dedication of Trophy Point as the site of the Monument took place in accordance with the foregoing resolutions. Its interest was heightened by the presence of the shattered but still steady remnants of the 3d, 6th, yth, and 12th Regiments, U. S. Infantry, the bands of these and of the 5th Artillery, and the permanent party of Fort Columbus, N. Y. Har- bor, preceded in procession by the U. S. Corps of Cadets and the Military Academy Band. It was also distinguished throughout by that deep solemnity of feeling which was eminently due to the occasion. Brig.-General Anderson officiated as chief mar- shal, and Rev. Drs. French and Sprole as chaplains. DEDICATION OF SITE ON TROPHY POINT DEDICATION OF SITE ON TROPHY POINT, ON JUNE 15, 1864 * West Point, June 15, 1864. PROGRAMME OF CEREMONIES. PROCESSION. Assistant Marshal, Capt. Wilkins, 3d Infantry. I. Military Academy Band. II. Battalion of Cadets. Assistant Marshal, Capt. Smith, 8th Infantry. III. Detachments of troops stationed at and visit- ing the post. IV. Carriage containing the President of the Executive Committee, the Chief Marshal, and State Executives. 2A 22 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Assistant Marshal, Lieut. Hamilton, 2d Artillery. V. Senior member of the Committee, Orator, and Chaplains. VI. The Executive Committee. VII. Military and Academic Staff, Board of Vis- itors, and Invited Guests. Assistant Marshals,^?*- Da y ies ' l6th Infantr y- ( Capt. Barlow, Engineers. PROCEEDINGS. I. Prayer ..... . . Rev. Dr. French II. ^lusic .... Military Academy Band " Hail Columbia." III. Oration . '." .' / . Maj.-General McClellan IV. Music .... Military Academy Band " Star Spangled Banner " and " Yankee Doodle." V. Benediction . .''**.' . Rev. Dr. Sprole VI. Dirge .... Military Academy Band PRAYERS. I. For the Country. Almighty God, fountain of order, source of all law in heaven and in earth, who hast ordained that men shall exist in organ- ized communities, who, in the days of our fathers, didst bring forth, in the hour of darkness, the starry order of American insti- tutions, for which we praise and bless Thee, we commend our country, now and ever, with all its interests, to Thy protecting care. May Thy fatherly hand ever be extended for perpetual benedictions over this land, kept by Thee through ages for us ; over its people, trained by Thee so long for a sublime heaven ; its Constitution, fruit of Thy teachings in history ; its Union, blending human diversities into one chorus acceptable to Thee, the lover of concord ; and its laws, uniting, after the model of Thine, mercy with justice, and liberty with order. From Thine own deeps of purity and love, breathe into the whole American people, by Thy spirit, and through all-subduing char- ity, that sacred affection, love to our country. Remove for ever from them, the spirit of sedition, conspiracy, rebellion, and give them steadfast loyalty, and unswerving allegiance. Specially do we implore Thee thus to turn the hearts of those who are now in arms against authority. In the contest to which we have been summoned for defending the precious trusts handed on from our fathers, wilt Thou send us now prosperity, and grant us victory. O, let not the impassioned yearnings of 23 24 THE BATTLE MONUMENT a great people for unity, for nationality, for beneficent order, for a lasting tranquillity, be in vain. May their lavish sacri- fices, their patriotic efforts, their patient endurances, their silent tears falling in so many saddened homesteads, not be fruitless, but be regarded by Thee, through Thy Son, for benedictions, and by distant posterities, blessed through them, for abundant honor. So may we be through coming time, one people, fear- ing Thee and working righteousness, glorifying Thy name, and elevating Thy whole human family. All of which we ask through Jesus Christ our Saviour. Amen. II. For the President of the United States, and all others in Authority. O everlasting God, by whose eternal providence all things and all men have their stations and their works, wherein they may serve Thee, and do good to Thy creatures, we ask for Thy blessing on the President of the United States, and all others in authority. Called by Thee to great duties, may they find in Thee strength and wisdom for all. Bestow upon them all good gifts for government ; inspire them with wisest counsels and heroic resolutions. Console them in their difficult tasks with the consciousness of duty done, of intentions sincerely placed on the public welfare, justice, and honor ; of the sym- pathy of upright men ; of the appreciation of other ages ; and of Thine own merciful and forgiving approval. In this life may Thy providence guard them. In mortal senses may Thy spirit so guide them, that they may hereafter serve and glorify Thee in a better country that is an heavenly ; through Him who taught the rules and procured the spirit for all human duties, our teacher, our model, our restorer, Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. AT WEST POINT 25 III. For the Army and Navy and their Schools. Lord God of Hosts, who hast determined the union of power with law throughout all Thy works, and for all communities of men, be pleased to receive into Thy almighty and most gracious protection the Army and Navy of the United States. Fill the whole public force with the spirit of patriotism and self-sacri- fice, with an inspiring conviction of the glory of the cause for which it is now called to dare and to endure. May its persons be defended by Thee in danger and encouraged to all deeds of heroism by the affection and honor of a grateful country. And may both its schools be the nurseries of pure, accomplished, and brave men, and be continually sending forth on land and sea those who may render, in peace and war, good and faithful service to the public. So may the people of our land, under the shelter of good laws, in peace and quietness, serve Thee our God, and lead lives of all godliness and honesty, to the glory of Thy name, and the promotion of human welfare, through Him who gave the example of self-sacrifice, dying for us that we might live with Thee, Thy Son, our Saviour. Amen. For a Blessing on the Occasion. O God of the spirits of all flesh, calling the generations from the beginning, and, since the first transgression, bidding dust return to dust again, may this spot, consecrated now to the memory of heroes, be hallowed also to the benefit of the liv- ing. May those brought here for their last repose be the temples of Thy Holy Spirit, and leave spotless records of lives made glorious by duty conscientiously done, so that the way- farer, lingering and musing here, may find his soul enkindled 26 THE BATTLE MONUMENT to ennobling emulations. And may this whole assembly look this day from the grave to the life immortal. Here, in a tem- ple not made with hands, where the mountains rise, the river flows, the valley slumbers, all telling of Thee and of Thy un- speakable perfection, may thoughts arise within us answering to the majesty of Thy glorious works. Here may we conse- crate ourselves anew to the love of Thee, the love of man, the love of Thy will ; to the doing of justice, to the loving of mercy, and to walking humbly with Thee our God : that so, when we too shall lie down in the dust, we may be Thy chil- dren, justified, sanctified, and prepared to be glorified, all through Him who has opened the way to Thee, and who, to inbreathe these great affections, has taught us when we pray to say: Our Father, who art in heaven, Hallowed be Thy name. Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth, as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation : But deliver us from evil. For Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen. AT WEST POINT 27 After the prayer, Prof. French said : I am requested, on behalf of the officers of the army, and of the local authorities and residents, to express their senti- ments and wishes, and most earnestly to ask that these may be respected. To all of us, the day is a solemn one ; to military feelings, ever confronted with death, the occasion is the same as though cherished comrades were now to be laid in the grave. They ask, therefore, that this hour and this day may be invested with the decorum attached to funeral solemnities, that no demonstration of any kind be made on the ground or afterward, but that all may enter into the spirit and motive of the solemn occasion which calls us here in reverence, before Almighty God, to set apart a portion of his foot-stool for the remains of those who shall fall in this war in the defense of the Constitu- tion, the Union, the welfare, and the national honor of the United States. General Anderson's introduction of the orator : Fellow-citizens, members of the corps of cadets, and brother soldiers, I have the pleasure of going through the form of in- troducing to you one who is better known to you than I who introduce him, the orator of the day, Major-General George E. McClellan. ORATION BY GENERAL GEORGE B. McCLELLAN HLL nations have days sacred to the remembrance of joy and of grief. They have thanksgivings for success, fasting and prayers in the hour of humiliation and defeat, triumphs and paeans to greet the living and laurel-crowned victor. They have obsequies and eulogies for the warrior slain on the field of battle. Such is the duty we are to perform to-day. The poetry, the histories, the ora- tions of antiquity, all resound with the clang of arms ; they dwell rather upon rough deeds of war, than the gentle arts of peace. They have preserved to us the names of heroes, and the memory of their deeds, even to this distant day. Our own Old Testament teems with the narrations of the brave actions and heroic deaths of Jewish patriots, while the New Testament of our meek and suffering Saviour often selects the soldier and his weapons to typify and illustrate religious hero- ism and duty. These stories of the actions of the dead have frequently survived, in the lapse of ages, the names of those whose fall was thus commemorated centuries ago. But, al- though we know not now the names of all the brave men who fought and fell upon the plain of Marathon, in the pass of 29 30 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Thermopylae, and on the hills of Palestine, we have not lost the memory of their examples. As long as the warm blood courses the veins of man, as long as the human heart beats high and quick at the recital of brave deeds and patriotic sacri- fices, so long will the lesson still incite generous men to emu- late the heroism of the past. Among the Greeks, it was the custom that the fathers of the most valiant of the slain should pronounce the eulogies of the dead. Sometimes it devolved upon their great statesmen and orators to perform this mournful duty. Would that a new Demosthenes, or a second Pericles, could arise and take my place to-day, for he would find a theme worthy of his most brilliant powers, of his most touching eloquence. I stand here now, not as an orator, but as a whilom commander, and in the place of the fathers of the most valiant dead ; as their com- rade, too, on many a hard-fought field, against domestic and foreign foe in early youth and mature manhood moved by all the love that David felt when he poured forth his lamenta- tions for the mighty father and son who fell on Mount Gilboa. God knows that David's love for Jonathan was no more deep than mine for the tried friends of many long and eventful years, whose names are to be recorded upon the structure that is to rise upon this spot. Would that his more than mortal eloquence could grace my lips and do justice to the theme ! We have met to-day, my comrades, to do honor to our own dead ; brothers united to us by the closest and dearest ties, who have freely given their lives for their country in this war so just and righteous so long as its purpose is to crush rebellion, and to save our nation from the infinite evils of dismemberment. Such an occasion as this should call forth the deepest and no- blest emotions of our nature pride, sorrow, and prayer : pride that our country has possessed such sons ; sorrow that she has lost them ; prayer that she may have others like them ; that we and our successors may adorn her annals as they have AT WEST POINT 31 done, and that when our parting hour arrives, whenever and however it may be, our souls may be prepared for the great change. We have assembled to consecrate a cenotaph which shall remind our children's children, in the distant future, of their fathers' struggles in the days of the great rebellion. This monument is to perpetuate the memory of a portion only of those who have fallen for the nation in this unhappy war it is dedicated to the officers and soldiers of the regular army. Yet this is done in no class or exclusive spirit, and in the act we remember, with reverence and love, our comrades of the volunteers who have so gloriously fought and fallen by our side. Each State will, no doubt, commemorate in some fit- ting way the services of its sons who abandoned the avoca- tions of peace and shed their blood in the ranks of the volun- teers. How richly they have earned a nation's love, a nation's gratitude, with what heroism they have confronted death, have wrested victory from a stubborn foe, and have illustrated de- feat, it well becomes me to say, for it has been my lot to command them on many a sanguinary field. I know that I but echo the feeling of the regulars when I award the high credit they deserve to their brave brethren of the volunteers. But we of the regular army have no States to look to for the honors due our dead. We belong to the whole country, and can neither expect nor desire the general government to make a perhaps invidious distinction in our favor. We are few in number, a small band of comrades, united by peculiar and very binding ties ; for with many of us our friendships were com- menced in boyhood, when we rested here in the shadow of the granite hills which look down upon us where we stand ; with others the ties of brotherhood were formed in more ma- ture years, while fighting among the rugged mountains and the fertile valleys of Mexico within hearing of the eternal waves of the Pacific, or in the lonely grandeur of the great plains of 32 THE BATTLE MONUMENT the far West. With all, our love and confidence have been cemented by common dangers and sufferings, on the toilsome march, in the dreary bivouac, and amid the clash of arms, and in the presence of death on scores of battle-fields. West Point, with her large heart, adopts us all graduates and those appointed from civil life, officers and privates. In her eyes we are all her children, jealous of her fame, and eager to sustain her world-wide reputation. Generals and private soldiers, men who have cheerfully offered our all for our dear country, we stand here before this shrine, ever hereafter sacred to our dead, equals and brothers in the presence of the common death which awaits us all, perhaps on the same field and at the same hour. Such are the ties which unite us, the most endearing which exist among men ; such the relations which bind us to- gether, the closest of the sacred brotherhood of arms. It has therefore seemed, and it is fitting, that we should erect upon this spot, so sacred to us all, an enduring monu- ment to our dear brothers who have preceded us upon the path of peril and of honor, which it is the destiny of many of us to tread. What is this regular army to which we belong ? Who were the men whose death merits such honors from the living ? What is the cause for which they have laid down their lives ? Our regular or permanent army is the nucleus which, in time of peace, preserves the military traditions of the nation, as well as the organization, science and instruction indispensable to modern armies. It may be regarded as co-eval with the na- tion. It derives its origin from the old Continental and State lines of the Revolution, whence, with some interruptions and many changes, it has attained its present condition. In fact, we may with propriety go even beyond the Revolution to seek the roots of our genealogical tree in the old French wars, for the Cis-Atlantic campaigns of the Seven Years' War were not AT WEST POINT 33 confined to the "red men scalping each other by the great lakes of North America/' and it was in them that ou-r ancestors first participated as Americans in the large operations of civilized armies. American regiments then fought on the banks of the St. Lawrence and the Ohio, on the shores of Ontario and Lake George, on the islands of the Caribbean and in South America. Louisburg, Quebec, Duquesne, the Moro, and Porto Bello, attest the value of the provincial troops, and in that school were educated such soldiers as Washington, Put- nam, Lee, Montgomery and Gates. These, and men like Greene, Knox, Wayne and Steuben, were the fathers of our permanent army, and under them our troops acquired that dis- cipline and steadiness which enabled them to meet upon equal terms, and often to defeat, the tried veterans of England. The study of the history of the Revolution, and a perusal of the despatches of Washington, will convince the most skeptical of the value of the permanent army in achieving our independence and establishing the civil edifice which we are now fighting to preserve. The War of 1812 found the army on a footing far from ad- equate to the emergency, but it was rapidly increased, and of the new generation of soldiers many proved equal to the requirements of the occasion. Lundy's Lane, Chippewa, Queenstown, Plattsburg, New Orleans all bear witness to the gallantry of the regulars. Then came an interval of more than thirty years of external peace, marked by so many changes in the organization and strength of the regular army, and broken at times by tedious and bloody Indian wars. Of these the most remarkable were the Black Hawk War, in which our troops met unflinchingly a foe as relentless, and far more destructive than the Indians that terrible scourge, the cholera ; and the tedious Florida War, where, for many years, the Seminoles eluded in the pestilential swamps our utmost efforts, and in which were displayed such 3 f 34 THE BATTLE MONUMENT traits of heroism as that commemorated by yonder monument to Dade and his command, " when all fell, save three, without an attempt to retreat. " At last came the Mexican War, to replace Indian combats and the monotony of the frontier ser- vice, and for the first time in many years the mass of the regu- lar army was concentrated, and took the principal part in the battles of that remarkable and romantic war. Palo Alto, Re- saca, and Fort Brown, were the achievements of the regulars unaided; and as to the battles of Monterey, Buena Vista, Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, and the final triumphs in the valley, none can truly say that they could have been won without the regu- lars. When peace crowned our victories in the capital of the Montezumas, the army was at once dispersed over the long fron- tier, and engaged in harassing and dangerous wars with the Indians of the plains. Thus thirteen long years were spent, until the present war broke out, and the mass of the army was drawn in to be employed against a domestic foe. I cannot proceed to the events of the recent past and the present without adverting to the gallant men who were so long of our number, but who have now gone to their last home; for no small portion of the glory of which we boast was reflected from such men as Taylor, Worth, Brady, Brooks, Totten, and Duncan. There is a sad story of Venetian history that has moved many a heart, and often employed the poet's pen and the painter's pencil. It is of an old man whose long life was glo- riously spent in the service of the state as a warrior and a states- man, and who, when his hair was white and his feeble limbs could scarce carry his bent form toward the grave, attained the highest honors that a Venetian citizen could reach. He was Doge of Venice. Convicted of treason against the state, he not only lost his life, but suffered beside a penalty which will endure as long as the name of Venice is remembered. The spot where his portrait should have hung in the great hall of AT WEST POINT 35 the doge's palace was veiled with black, and there still remains the frame, with its black mass of canvas and this vacant frame is the most conspicuous in the long line of effigies of illustrious doges ! Oh ! that such a pall as that which replaces the portrait of Marino Faliero could conceal from history the names of those, once our comrades, who are now in arms against the flag under which we fought side by side in years gone by. But no veil can cover the anguish that fills our hearts when we look back upon the sad memory of the past, and recall the affection and respect we entertained toward men against whom it is our duty to act in mortal combat. Would that the courage, ability and steadfastness they displayed had been employed in the de- fense of the "Stars and Stripes" against a foreign foe, rather than in this gratuitous and unjustifiable rebellion, which could not be so long maintained but for the skill and energy of those, our former comrades! * But we have reason to rejoice that upon this day, so sacred and so eventful for us, one grand old mortal monument of the past still lifts high his head amongst us, and graces by his pres- ence the consecration of this tomb of his children. We may well be proud that we have been commanded by the hero who purchased victory with his blood near the great waters of Ni- agara, who repeated and eclipsed the achievements of Cortez ; who, although a consummate and confident commander, ever preferred, when duty and honor would permit, the olive branch of peace to the blood-stained laurels of war, and who stands, at the close of a long, glorious and eventful life, a living column of granite against which have beaten in vain alike the blandish- ments and the storms of treason. His name will ever be one of our proudest boasts and most moving inspirations. In long-distant ages, when this incipient monument has become venerable, moss- clad, and perhaps ruinous, when the names inscribed upon it shall seem, to those who pause to read them, indistinct mementos of 36 THE BATTLE MONUMENT an almost mythical past, the name of Winfield Scott will still be clear cut upon the memory of them all, like the still fresh carving upon the monuments of long-forgotten Pharaohs. But it is time to approach the present. In the war which now shakes the land to its foundation, the regular army has borne a most honorable part. Too few in numbers to act by themselves, regular regiments have partici- pated in every great battle in the East, and in most of those west of the Alleghanies. Their terrible losses and diminished numbers prove that they have been in the thickest of the fights, and the testimony of their comrades and commanders shows with what undaunted heroism they have upheld their ancient renown. Their vigorous charges have often won the day, and in defeat they have more than once saved the army from de- struction or terrible losses by the obstinacy with which they resisted overpowering numbers. They can refer with pride to the part they played upon the glorious fields of Mexico, and exult at the recollection of what they did at Manassas, Gaines's Mill, Malvern, Antietam, Shiloh, Stone River, Gettysburg, and the great battles just fought from the Rapidan to the Chick- ahominy. They can also point to the officers who have risen among them and achieved great deeds for their country in this war ; to the living warriors whose names are on the nation's tongue and heart, too numerous to be repeated here, yet not one of whom I could willingly omit. But perhaps the proudest episode in the history of the regu- lar army is that touching instance of fidelity on the part of the non-commissioned officers and privates who, treacherously made prisoners in Texas, resisted every temptation to violate their oath and desert their flag. Offered commissions in the rebel service, money and land freely tendered them, they all scorned the inducements held out to them, submitted to every hardship, and when at last exchanged, avenged themselves on the field of battle for the unavailing insult offered their integ- AT WEST POINT 37 rity. History affords no brighter example of honor than that of these brave men, tempted, as I blush to say they were, by some of their former officers, who, having themselves proved false to their flag, endeavored to seduce the men who had often followed them in combat, and who had naturally regarded them with respect and love. Such is the regular army such its history and antecedents such its officers and men. It needs no herald to trumpet forth its praises ; it can proudly appeal to the numerous fields, from the tropics to the frozen banks of the St. Lawrence, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, fertilized by the blood and whit- ened by the bones of its members. But I will not pause to eulogize it. Let its deeds speak for it ; they are more elo- quent than tongue of mine. Why are we here to-day ? This is not the funeral of one brave warrior, nor even of the harvest of death on a single battle-field, but these are the obsequies of the best and bravest of the children of the land, who have fallen in actions almost numberless, many of them among the most sanguinary and desperate of which history bears record. The men whose names and deeds we now seek to perpetuate, rendering them the highest honor in our power, have fallen wherever armed rebellion showed its front in far-distant New Mexico, in the broad valley of the Mis- sissippi, on the bloody hunting-grounds of Kentucky, in the mountains of Tennessee, amid the swamps of Carolina, on the fertile fields of Maryland, and in the blood-stained thickets of Virginia. They were of all the grades from the general officer to the private ; of all ages from the gray-haired vet- eran, of fifty years' service, to the beardless youth ; of all de- grees of cultivation from the man of science to the unedu- cated boy. It is not necessary, nor is it possible, to repeat the mournful yet illustrious roll of dead heroes whom we have met to honor. Nor shall I attempt to name all of those who 3A 38 THE BATTLE MONUMENT most merit praise simply a few who will exemplify the classes to which they belong. Among the last slain, but among the first in honor and repu- tation, was that hero of twenty battles John Sedgwick. Gentle and kind as a woman, brave as a brave man can be, honest, sincere, and able he was a model that all may strive to imitate, but whom few can equal. In the terrible battles which just preceded his death, he had occasion to display the highest qualities of a commander and a soldier ; yet after es- caping the stroke of death when men fell around him by thou- sands, he at last met his fate at a moment of comparative quiet, by the ball of a single rifleman. He died as a soldier would choose to die with truth in his heart, and a sweet, tranquil smile upon his face. Alas ! our great nation possesses few sons like true John Sedgwick. Like him fell, too, at the very head of their corps, the white- haired Mansfield, after a long career of usefulness, illustrated by his skill and cool courage at Fort Brown, Monterey, and Buena Vista; John F. Reynolds and Reno, both in the full vigor of manhood and intellect men who had proved their ability and chivalry on many a field in Mexico and in this civil war, gallant gentlemen of whom their country had much to hope, had it pleased God to spare their lives. Lyon fell in the prime of life, leading his little army against superior num- bers, his brief career affording a brilliant example of patriotism and ability. The impetuous Kearny, and such brave generals as Richardson, Williams, Terrill, Stevens, Weed, Strong, Saunders and Hayes, lost their lives while in the midst of a career of usefulness. Young Bayard, so like the most re- nowned of his name, that " knight above fear and above re- proach," was cut off too early for his country, and that excel- lent staff-officer, Colonel Garesche, fell while gallantly doing his duty. No regiments can spare such gallant, devoted and able com- AT WEST POINT 39 manders as Rossell, Davis, Gore, Simmons, Bailey, Putnam and Kingsbury all of whom fell in the thickest of the com- bat some of them veterans, and others young in service, all good men and well-beloved. Our batteries have partially paid their terrible debt to fate in the loss of such commanders as Greble, the first to fall in this war, Benson, Hazzard, Smead, De Hart, Hazlitt, and those gal- lant boys, Kirby, Woodruff, Dimmick and Gushing ; while the engineers lament the promising and gallant Wagner and Cross. Beneath remote battle-fields rest the corpses of the heroic McRea, Reed, Bascom, Stone, Sweet, and many other com- pany officers. Besides these were hosts of veteran sergeants, corporals and privates who had fought under Scott in Mexico, or contended in many combats with the savages of the far West and Florida; and, mingled with them, young soldiers who, courageous, steady and true, met death unflinchingly, without the hope of personal glory. These men, in their more humble sphere, served their country with as much faith and honor as the most il- lustrious generals, and all of them with perfect singleness of heart. Although their names may not live in history, their actions, loyalty, and courage will live. Their memories will long be preserved in their regiments, for there were many of them who merited as proud a distinction as that accorded to the "first grenadier of France, " or to that other Russian soldier who gave his life for his comrades. But there is another class of men who have gone from us since this war commenced, whose fate it was not to die in battle, but who are none the less entitled to be mentioned here. There was Sumner, a brave, honest, chivalrous veteran, of more than half a century's service, who had confronted death unflinchingly on scores of battlefields, had shown his gray head serene and cheerful where death most revelled, who more than once told me that he believed and hoped that his long career 40 THE BATTLE MONUMENT would end amid the din of battle he died at home from the effects of the hardships of his campaigns. The most excellent soldier, the elegant C. F. Smith, whom many of us remember to have seen so often on this plain, with his superb bearing, escaped the bullet to fall a victim to the disease which has deprived the army of so many of its best soldiers. John Buford, cool and intrepid ; Mitchell, eminent in sci- ence; Plummer, Palmer, and many other officers and men, lost their lives by sickness contracted in the field. But I cannot close this long list of glorious martyrs without paying a sacred debt of official duty and personal friendship. There was one dead soldier who possessed peculiar claims upon my love and gratitude. He was an ardent patriot, an unselfish man, a true soldier, the beau ideal of a staff-officer he was my aide-de-camp, Colonel Colburn. There is a lesson to be drawn from the death and services of these glorious men which we should read for the present and future benefit of the nation. War in these modern days is a science, and it should now be clear to the most prejudiced that for the organization and command of armies, and the high com- binations of strategy, perfect familiarity with the theoretical science of war is requisite. To count upon success when the plans or execution of campaigns are intrusted to men who have no knowledge of war, is as idle as to expect the legal wisdom of a Story or a Kent from a skilful physician. But what is the honorable and holy cause for which these men laid down their lives, and for which the nation still de- mands the sacrifice of the precious blood of so many of her children? Soon after the close of the Revolutionary War, it was found that the Confederacy, which had grown up during that memor- able contest, was fast falling to pieces from its own weight. The central power was too weak ; it could only recommend AT WEST POINT 41 to the different States such measures as seemed best ; and it possessed no real power to legislate, because it lacked the ex- ecutive force to compel obedience to its laws. The national credit and self-respect had disappeared, and it was feared by the friends of human liberty throughout the world that ours was but another added to the long list of fruitless attempts at self- government. The nation was evidently upon the brink of ruin and dissolution, when, some eighty years ago, many of the wisest and most patriotic of the land met to seek a remedy for the great evils which threatened to destroy the great work of the Revolution. Their sessions were long, and often stormy; for a time the most sanguine doubted tlie possibility of a successful termination to their labors. But, from amidst the conflict of sectional interests, of party prejudices, and of personal selfishness, the spirit of wisdom and conciliation at length evoked the Constitution, under which we have lived so long. It was not formed in a day, but was the result of patient labor, of lofty wisdom, and of the purest patriotism. It was at last adopted by the people of all the States although by some reluctantly not as being exactly what all desired, but as being the best possible under the circumstances. It was accepted as giving us a form of government under which the nation might live happily and prosper, so long as the people should continue to be influenced by the same sentiments which actuated those who formed it, and which would not be liable to destruction from internal causes, so long as the people pre- served the recollection of the miseries and calamities which led to its adoption. Under this beneficent Constitution the progress of the na- tion was unexampled in history. The rights and liberties of its citizens were secure at home and abroad ; vast territories were rescued from the control of the savage and the wild beast, and added to the domain of civilization and the Union. 42 THE BATTLE MONUMENT The arts, the sciences, and commerce, grew apace ; our flag floated upon every sea, and we took our place among the great nations of the earth. But under the smooth surface of prosperity upon which we glided swiftly, with all sails set before the summer breeze, dangerous reefs were hidden which now and then caused rip- ples upon the surface, and made anxious the more cautious pilots. Elated by success, the ship swept on, the crew not heeding the warnings they received, forgetful of the dangers they escaped in the beginning of the voyage, and blind to the hideous maelstrom which gaped to receive and destroy them. The same elements of discordant sectional prejudices, interests, and institutions, which had rendered the formation of the Con- stitution so difficult, threatened more than once to destroy it. But for a long time the nation was so fortunate as to possess a series of political leaders who, to the highest abilities, united the same spirit of conciliation which animated the founders of the Republic, and thus for many years the threatened evils were averted. Time and long-continued good fortune obliter- ated the recollection of the calamities and wretchedness of the years preceding the adoption of the Constitution. Men for- got that conciliation, common interest, and mutual charity, had been the foundation and must be the support of our govern- ment as is indeed the case with all governments and all the relations of life. At length men appeared with whom sec- tional and personal prejudices and interests outweighed all con- siderations for the general good. Extremists of one section furnished the occasion, eagerly seized as a pretext by equally extreme men in the other, for abandoning the pacific remedies and protection afforded by the Constitution, and seeking re- dress for possible future evils in war and the destruction of the Union. Stripped of all sophistry and side issues, the direct cause of the war as it presented itself to the honest and patriotic citi- AT WEST POINT 43 zens of the North, was simply this : Certain States, or rather, a portion of the inhabitants of certain States, feared, or pro- fessed to fear, that injury would result to their rights and prop- erty from the elevation of a particular party to power. Al- though the Constitution and the actual condition of the govern- ment provided them with a peaceable and sure protection against the apprehended evil, they preferred to seek security in the destruction of the government, which could protect them, and in the use of force against the national troops holding a national fortress. To efface the insult offered our flag ; to save ourselves from the fate of the divided republics of Italy and South America, to preserve our government from destruction, to enforce its just power and laws, to maintain our very existence as a nation these were the causes that compelled us to draw the sword. Rebellion against a government like ours, which contains the means of self-adjustment, and a pacific remedy for evils, should never be confounded with a revolution against despotic power, which refuses redress of wrongs. Such a rebellion cannot be justified upon ethical grounds, and the only alternative for our choice is its suppression, or the destruction of our nationality. At such a time as this, and in such a struggle, political partisan- ship should be merged in a true and brave patriotism, which thinks only of the good of the whole country. It was in this cause, and with these motives, that so many of our comrades gave their lives, and to this we are all person- ally pledged in all honor and fidelity. Shall such a devotion as that of our dead comrades be of no avail ? Shall it be said in after ages that we lacked the vigor to complete the work thus begun ? that, after all these noble lives freely given, we hesitated, and failed to keep straight on until our land was saved ? Forbid it, Heaven, and give us firmer, truer hearts than that ! Oh, spirits of the valiant dead, souls of our slain heroes, lend 44 THE BATTLE MONUMENT us your own indomitable will, and if it be permitted you to commune with those still chained by the trammels of mortality, hover around us in the midst of danger and tribulation, cheer the firm, strengthen the weak, that none may doubt the salvation of the republic and the triumph of our grand old flag ! In the midst of the storms which toss our ship of state, there is one great beacon light, to which we can ever turn with con- fidence and hope. It cannot be that this great nation has played its part in history ; it cannot be that our sun, which arose with such bright promises for the future, has already set for ever. It must be the intention of the overruling Deity that this land, so long the asylum of the oppressed, the refuge of civil and re- ligious liberty, shall again stand forth in bright relief, united, purified, and chastened by our trials, as an example and en- couragement for those who desire the progress of the human race. It is not given to our weak intellects to understand the steps of Providence as they occur ; we comprehend them only as we look upon them in the far distant past. So is it now. We cannot unravel the seemingly tangled skein ot the pur- poses of the Creator they are too high and far-reaching for our limited minds. But all history and his own revealed word teach us that his ways, although inscrutable, are ever righteous. Let us then honestly and manfully play our part, seek to un- derstand and perform our whole duty, and trust unwaveringly in the beneficence of the God who led our ancestors across the sea, and sustained them afterward, amid dangers more appalling even than those encountered by his own chosen people in their great exodus. He did not bring us here in vain, nor has he supported us thus far for naught. If we do our duty and trust in him, he will not desert us in our need. Firm in our faith that God will save our country, we now dedicate this site to the memory of brave men, to loyalty, pa- triotism, and honor. AT WEST POINT 45 BENEDICTION. May the God of our fathers and our God, succeed with his divine benediction the solemn and interesting services of this occasion. May he conduct, by his gracious providence, the work commenced to-day to successful completion. May the monument here to be raised in honor of the illustrious dead, inspire with all the ardor of a sound Christian patriotism, the soldiers of our common country here trained for its defence ; may it prove to them a constant remembrancer of their mortality, and keep alive upon the altar of their hearts the flame of devo- tion to God, to country, to the Union, the Constitution, and the immutable principles of truth and justice ; and may the blessing of the triune God, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, be with you all. Amen. 46 THE BATTLE MONUMENT West Point, N. Y., October 20, 1864. On the call of the Secretary of the Association, First Lieutenant C. C. Parsons, 4th Artillery, a meeting of the officers of the Army, present at the Post, was held, for the transaction of such busi- ness in regard to the " Battle Monument " as might be brought before them. Prof. H. L. Kendrick in the chair. The Secretary having been ordered from the Post, his resignation was tendered and accepted, and upon motion Captain F. L. Guenther, 5th Artillery, was elected to fill the vacancy thus oc- curring. Upon motion, it was Resolved. That all officers of the Army, present at the Post, on duty or other- wise, be constituted a "Monument Committee." A motion that the Executive Committee of the Association should consist of the President, Trea- surer and Secretary, and eight other members, was adopted. Upon motion, the following officers were elected to constitute the Executive Committee, viz. : Brig.-Gen. Geo. W. Cullum, President Professor A. E. Church, treasurer Captain F. L. Guenther, 5th Artillery, Secretary Colonel H. M. Black Captain George H. Mendall, U. S. Engineers Captain Lorenzo Lorain, 3d Artillery AT WEST POINT 47 Captain A. K. Arnold, ^th Cavalry Captain A. T. Smith, 8th Infantry Captain R. M. Hill, Ordnance Department Lieut. H. B. Noble, 8th Infantry Assistant Surgeon E. S. Dunster, Medical Dept. Upon motion, it was Resolved. That the thanks of the Association be tendered to the retiring Secretary, First Lieut. C. C. Parsons, 4th Artillery, for the zealous and able manner in which he has performed the duties of his office. There being no further business before it, the meeting, upon motion, adjourned to meet again on the call of the Secretary. F. L, Guenther, Captain _fth Artillery, Secretary. At some time not shown by the record an invi- tation to submit designs for the monument was issued by the Committee on Design. To what extent responses were obtained and what their character does not appear. The invitation was as follows : The BATTLE MONUMENT EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE will receive DESIGNS for the MONUMENT TO BE ERECTED AT WEST POINT, N. Y., to the Memory of the OFFICERS and ENLISTED MEN of the REGULAR ARMY who shall have fallen during the present war, as follows : Sufficient expanse of surface is required to receive inscrip- tions of the name, rank, place of decease, etc., etc., of all 48 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Officers of the Regular Army who shall have fallen during the war, and a general tablet for the enlisted men. In connection with the monument, should be embraced a plan for a mausoleum, or place of interment, for the remains of such officers as may be brought to West Point for burial. Full drawings, with the usual details, must be made, accom- panied by an estimate of the cost this not to exceed $25,000. A premium of $250 will be paid for the design which is finally accepted. It is desirable that designs be sent in as early as possible, in order that they may be carefully considered before a selec- tion is made. Further particulars may be obtained by addressing the Secre- tary at West Point, N. Y. A. H. Bowman, Col. of Engrs., Chairman , H. B. Clitz, Lieut. -Col. and Comdt., W. A. Elderkin, First Lieut, ist Art., Committee on Design. C. C. Parsons, First Lieut. 4th Art., Secretary. During the period from October, 1864, until the call of General Schofield of Sept. 9, 1878, the funds of the Association had been gradually accumulat- ing under the admirable management of the Trea- surer, Professor Church. Upon his death a meeting was called pursuant to the following circular : U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y., September 9, 1878. All officers of the army on duty at West Point are requested to attend a meeting at the Officers' AT WEST POINT 49 Mess at 7.30 this evening to transact important business appertaining to the Battle Monument Asso- ciation. A full attendance is respectfully desired. J. M. Schofield, Major-General and Superintendent. This meeting of the officers of the Army on duty at West Point was held in the Officers' Mess at 7.30 P. M. Monday, the gth of September, 1878, Major-General J. M. Schofield, Superintendent and ex-officio President of the Battle Monument As- sociation, in the chair. The President stated the object of the meeting to be to elect officers and fill vacancies upon the Executive Committee occasioned by death and by removal from the Post. On motion the following officers were unani- mously elected an Executive Committee in addi- tion to ist. Major-General J. M. Schofield, Superinten- dent, President. 2d. Lieut.-Colonel Thos. H. Neill, 6th Cav- alry, Commandant of Cadets \_Ex-qfficw members], viz: 3d. Professor Peter S. Michie. 4th. Professor George L. Andrews (^treasurer). 5th. Professor Junius B. Wheeler. 6th. Professor Charles W. Larned. 50 THE BATTLE MONUMENT yth. Professor Edgar W. Bass. 8th. Professor Guido N. Lieber. gth. Surgeon Charles T. Alexander, loth. First Lieut. Eric Burgland, Corps of En- gineers. nth. Captain William M. Wherry, 6th Infan- try, Secretary. On motion Professor George L. Andrews was unanimously elected Treasurer, and Colonel Wil- liam M. Wherry, Secretary. On motion it was Resolved^ That the Treasurer be directed to invest the funds of the association in U. S. registered bonds. The Secretary was directed to furnish the "Army and Navy Journal " with a transcript of the record of these proceedings for publication. On motion the meeting was adjourned. J. M. Schofield, Major-General, President. Wm. M. Wherry, Bvt.-Colonel, U. S. A., Secretary. ****** The first attempt to open the question of erec- tion was made in the meeting of Oct. 22, 1885, called by General Merritt. West Point, N. Y., Thursday, Oct. 22, 1885. Proceedings of a meeting of the officers of the army stationed at West Point, N. Y., pursuant to AT WEST POINT 51 a call of the Superintendent, Col. W. Merritt, 5th Regiment of Cavalry. The meeting was called to order by Professor Michie. On motion of Prof. Michie, Gen. Merritt was elected Chairman ; Lieut. G. B. Davis was appointed Secretary by the Chair. At the request of the Chairman, Professor Geo. L. Andrews, the Treas- urer of the Battle Monument Association, made an informal statement of the amount of the Monu- ment fund. Lieut. W. C. Brown, Adjutant of the Military Academy, announced that he had in his possession the " Record of Proceedings of the Bat- tle Monument Association." At the request of the Chairman, the record was produced by Lieut. Brown, and its contents were read by the Secretary. The Chairman stated the purpose of the meet- ing to be to take some steps looking to the increase of the fund, and the erection of the Monument. A motion that a committee of seven members be selected by the Chairman to investigate and report upon the question of erecting a monument was withdrawn. A motion that the Executive Committee be di- rected to fill its vacancies, and report, was also withdrawn. The Superintendent announced that he would call a meeting of the Executive Committee, at an early day, for the purpose of filling its vacancies 52 THE BATTLE MONUMENT and acting upon questions connected with the erec- tion of the Monument. On motion, the meeting then adjourned. W. Merritt, Colonel 5th Cavalry, Brevet Major-General, U. S. A., ^ -o TA President. Geo. B. Davis, Secretary. Nothing, however, was done towards actual re- alization of the project until the administration of Col. John M. Wilson as superintendent of the Academy. Deeming the time ripe for a move- ment in the matter, he addressed the following to the Treasurer of the Association : Headquarters U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y., October 21, 1889. General Geo. L. Andrews, Treasurer Battle Monument Association. Dear Sir : Yours of the 2ist instant, expressing a desire to resign the Treasurership of the Battle Monument Association is just received. Will you please send me the list of subscribers to the Monu- ment, if in your possession ? If you have not the list, please inform me where it can be found. I will at once enter into correspondence with such of the original subscribers as may be living and obtain their views as to what they would prefer in the shape of a Monument. For myself, I think it might be well to use the fund either for the enlargement of the present Chapel, or the construction AT WEST POINT 53 of a memorial hall in which would appear mural tablets giving the names of the officers who lost their lives in the defense of the Union. As soon as I can get the views of those subscribers still living I will call a meeting of the officers here. In the meantime may I ask you, for the present, to continue to hold the position of Treasurer which you have so acceptably filled for the past ten years ? Yours very truly, JOHN M. WILSON, Colonel of Engineers, Superintendent. The following is the letter of General Andrews referred to : U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y., Oct. 21, 1889. Colonel John M. Wilson, Superintendent U. S. Military Academy, President of the Battle Monument Association. Dear Sir : Some time near the close of our Civil War, an association was formed at West Point for the purpose of having a monu- ment erected here to the Officers of the Regular Army who fell in that war. The late Professor Church was elected Treasurer, and subscriptions were invited and received. The formation of the Association seems to have been somewhat loosely made ; but on the decease of Professor Church in 1878, General Scho- field, then Superintendent, as ex-officio President of the Asso- ciation, called a meeting of the officers here stationed, who, it seems, constitute the Association. At that meeting I was elected Treasurer, and directed by vote of the members present to invest the funds and income of the Association in U. S. 4A 54 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Registered Bonds. Another meeting was called by General Merritt when Superintendent to consider what should be done in regard to the Monument, but no decisive action was taken. The funds now in my hands as Treasurer are : U. S. Currency 6 per cent. Bonds, par, U. S. 4 per cent. Registered Bonds, par, Total, .... $50,300 At the present market rate these Bonds would sell for about $63,500. t There were also donated by Act of Congress to Professor Church, Treasurer of the " Battle Monument Committee," fifty bronze cannon. These cannon were left stored at the New York Arsenal, Governor's Island, having been, as I understood, virtually delivered to Professor Church. However, more than a year ago, I was informed that unless the cannon were removed there was danger that they would be delivered to other parties. I wrote to General Benet, and learned from him that a new application for the cannon must be made, accompanied by evi- dence of authority for the new Treasurer to receive the same. I stated the case orally to General Parke, then Superintendent, but he was disinclined to do anything about the matter, and nothing further was done. The foregoing statement is made agreeably to your oral re- quest, and I would add that I wish to resign as soon as may be the position of Treasurer of the Association which I now hold. It is desirable that the new Treasurer be elected so that the trans- fer of bonds may be made before the books are closed for this quarter. Respectfully yours, GEO. L. ANDREWS, Treasurer Battle Monument Association. AT WEST POINT 55 The following are the guns above described by Professor Andrews : 50 Cannon, Bronze, reserved at N. Y. Arsenal for Battle Monument. 15 12-pounder Field Guns, heavy, . . . U. S. 26,607 1 12 " **- u . Rebel trophy, i,375 1 6 24 " Howitzers . * .. . U. S. 20,891 2 24 " " " . Rebel trophies, 2,567 6 32 " " , " . . . . U. S. 11,457 5 24 " Boat Howitzers, .... " 6,502 212 " Rifled Guns, James, 3,180 212 " Field Guns, Light, Rebel trophies, 2,400 i 1 8 " Gun, Austrian, . " trophy, 2,514 Total, 77,493 The next step of Colonel Wilson was the issue of this CIRCULAR. Headquarters U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y., October 29, 1889. About a quarter of a century ago a number of officers and enlisted men, together with a few citizens, subscribed for a Battle Monument to be erected at West Point, in memory of the officers and enlisted men of the Regular Army who fell in the defense of the Union during the late war. Of the seven or eight hundred officers who subscribed only about one hundred and sixty still remain in the Army. The fund now amounts to $50,300.00 in United States Bonds, the value of which, if sold to-day, would be about #63,000.00. 56 THE BATTLE MONUMENT The Superintendent of the Military Academy finds himself, ex officio, President of the Battle Monument Association. It certainly seems as if action in this matter should no longer be delayed, and that some use should be made of the fund before all of the subscribers shall have passed away. The Military Academy Chapel is too small, and its present condition for lack of means to improve it is not creditable to the Academy. A larger place of worship is needed, and also a hall where important ceremonies can take place, similar to those in- cident to the recent presentation of portraits. The Superintendent suggests either the enlargement of the present Chapel, and placing therein mural tablets in memory of our fallen heroes, or the erection of a memorial hall with simi- lar tablets on Trophy Point. The views of all surviving subscribers upon the subject are invited. JOHN M. WILSON, Colonel of Engineers, President Battle Monument Association. Out of 60 responses to this Circular now on file the expression of opinion regarding the character of the memorial is as follows : In favor of a Memorial Hall 25 " " " a Monument 16 " " " an Addition to Chapel . * . . 9 " a New Chapel 5 No choice 5 West Point, N. Y., January 16, 1890. At this time the Executive Committee of the Battle Monument consisted of the following named officers: AT WEST POINT 57 Col. John M. Wilson, Supt. M. A., ex officio, President. Lieut.-Col. H. S. Hawkins, Commandant of Cadets, ex officio. Prof. Geo. L. Andrews, treasurer. Prof. P. S. Michie, Prof. Chas. W. Lamed, Prof. E. W. Bass, Prof. Wm. Winthrop, Prof. James Mercur, Surg. H. R. Tilton, Capt. Geo. McC. Derby, Lieut. Charles Braden. And their sentiment being favorable, a meeting was called to decide upon the question of imme- diate action. West Point, N. Y., January 22, 1890. Colonel Wilson briefly stated the object of the meeting and gave a short history of the Battle Monument Association from its organization in 1863 to the present time. Professor Geo. L. Andrews tendered his resigna- tion as Treasurer of the Association and submitted a statement of the condition of the fund. Professor Andrews' resignation was accepted and it was unanimously voted to extend the thanks of the Association to Professor Andrews for his ser- vices as Treasurer during the past twelve years. 58 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Professor Edgar W. Bass was unanimously elected Treasurer of the Association. A letter from Major George B. Davis, the former Secretary, was read, giving a brief account of the object of the Association and facts relating to the subscribers to the fund. After remarks by several of the officers present, the following resolution offered by Major Spurgin was adopted : Resolved, That the Executive Committee be instructed to carry out the original intention of the subscribers to the fund, or take such action as they may deem expedient. The following resolution was adopted : Resolved^ That the Treasurer be requested to correspond with the Chief of Ordnance and secure as soon as possible the fifty bronze cannon men- tioned in Professor Andrews' report, and which are now stored at the Arsenal on Governor's Island, N. Y. The Chairman announced that he would call a meeting of the Executive Committee at an early day to act upon the business of erecting a suitable monument. AT WEST POINT 59 MEETING OF FEBRUARY 18, 1890. The meeting called by Colonel Wilson for February 1 8th marks the first Executive Act of the Association in pursuance of its purpose. The Committee ap- pointed at this meeting formulated a line of action which was subsequently adopted and resulted in the erec- tion of the Battle Monument. West Point, N. Y., February 18, 1890. Pursuant to a call by Colonel J. M. Wilson, President, issued February 17, 1890, the Execu- tive Committee of the Battle Monument Asso- ciation met at the Superintendent's quarters at 7.15P.M. Present. ColonelJohnM. Wilson, Prof. Jas. Mercur, Lt.-Col. H. S. Hawkins, Prof. P. S. Michie, Prof. G. L. Andrews, Prof. C. W. Larned, Prof. E. W. Bass, Prof. Wm. Winthrop, Surg. H. R. Tilton. The Chair stated that the object of the meeting was to take preliminary steps towards inviting designs for the Battle Monument to be erected at West Point, N. Y. After informal discussion, on motion of Pro- fessor Bass, a committee was appointed by the Chair to consider and prepare a circular, or to 60 THE BATTLE MONUMENT determine what other action might be preferable, in order to invite designs for the monument; it was understood that the members of this Com- mittee would personally consult, upon their next visit to New York, with distinguished sculptors, etc., as to the best method of procedure in the matter. The Chair appointed as the Committee : Prof. P. S. Michie, Prof. C. W. Larned, Prof. E. W. Bass. There being no further business before the Committee, the meeting adjourned at 8.15 P. M. John M. Wilson, Colonel of Engineers, President of Association. Charles Braden, Secretary. Subsequent to the foregoing meeting the fol- lowing authorization was received from the Adju- tant-General : War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, Washington, February 2ist, 1890. Sir: Your communication of the zoth instant, concerning the erection at West Point, by the Battle Monument Association, of a Monument to the memory of the officers and enlisted men of the Regular Army of the U. S. who were killed or died of wounds received in action during the war of the rebel- lion, has been laid before the Secretary of War, who instructs AT WEST POINT 61 me to inform you that the Association is granted permission to proceed with the work of erecting a monument on Trophy Point. Very respectfully, J. C. KELTON, Adjutant-General. The Superintendent, U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y. The minutes of the next meeting give the re- port of the sub-committee outlining a method of procedure which governed future action. West Point, N. Y., March 8, 1890. Pursuant to the call of the President, the Exec- utive Committee met at 7.30 P. M. to-day, in the Superintendent's quarters. Present all the members of the Committee, ex- cept Surgeon Tilton and Captain Derby. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. Surgeon Henry McElderry was elected a mem- ber of the Executive Committee in place of Sur- geon Tilton, relieved from* duty at West Point. The Committee appointed at the meeting held February 18 being called upon for a report, the following was read by Professor Lamed : Report of the Committee of the Battle Monu- ment Association appointed to prepare a plan of procedure. 6z THE BATTLE MONUMENT Your Committee, after some consideration of the matter intrusted to them, concluded to visit New York and seek the advice of sculptors and architects of established reputation. A consulta- tion with Mr. Augustus St. Gaudens, the leading sculptor of America, confirmed the Committee in its opinion that the conditions governing the erec- tion of this Monument, i. e., the number of indi- viduals commemorated by it, the conspicuous na- ture of the site, and the limited funds available, re- quire that it should be mainly architectural in its character, and that the sculptural features should be subordinate or accessory. A single figure or group of figures of life size would be, in such a place and for such a purpose, inadequate, unless placed upon a pediment or substructure of considerable dimensions, which would also be necessitated by the commemorative inscriptions. So placed, the statuary would appear insignificant unless of heroic size, in which case the cost would be largely beyond the limit of our resources. An architec- tural structure, however, of such dimensions as to be dignified, and accord with the surroundings, with sculptural accessories in the round or in re- lief, and decorative tablets, can be erected within the specified amount. An examination of the results of many public and general competitions shows that they rarely if ever give satisfaction either to the competitors or AT WEST POINT 63 their clients, and that the feeling is so strong against them among architects of high reputation that they generally decline to enter them. This is due largely to the fact that they are forced to bring their labor and reputations into competition with those of inferior men, and to submit to the judgment of incompetent critics. In a private and selected competition properly conducted, these objections can be avoided, to the great saving of time and friction and with a great gain in the standard of result. Your Committee, therefore, conclude it wise to recommend the adoption of the method of private and selected competition, and to choose for such competition, with proper advice, three or four of the architectural firms of the country having the highest artistic reputation. With these convictions your Committee visited the office of Messrs. Babb, Cook and Willard, the leading member of the firm having been most highly indorsed by Mr. St. Gaudens as perhaps the most talented of our architects, and laid be- fore these gentlemen the commission intrusted to it, with the request that they would advise as to the course most likely to give the most satisfactory results to all concerned. These gentlemen con- sented to draw up, after sufficient time for consul- tation, a memorandum embodying the more im- portant features of such a competition, and to for- ward it to your Committee. This they have done, 64 THE BATTLE MONUMENT and upon this outline as a basis your Committee has prepared the accompanying scheme for your approval. It, therefore, recommends for adoption the fol- lowing resolution : Resolved. 1st. That the Monument shall be mainly architectural in character, with such sculp- tural accessories as shall be deemed fitting and appropriate by the designer. 2d. That it shall afford proper space for the necessary inscriptions commemorative of its pur- pose. 3d. That it shall be of sufficient height to give dignity to its proportions, and to harmonize with its surroundings ; but that its height shall not be a feature of the design, as in the case of a large column or shaft. 4th. That it be located \ipon Trophy Point, upon a site to be selected by the Building Com- mittee of this Association, of which the Superin- tendent of the Military Academy and the success- ful competitor shall be, for this purpose, members ex officio. 5th. That the designer shall be chosen by pri- vate selected competition. 6th. That for this purpose four of the architec- tural firms of this country having high professional reputation shall be invited to compete. AT WEST POINT 65 yth. That a Building Committee be appointed consisting of four members of the Executive Com- mittee, which Building Committee shall be author- ized to make all necessary arrangements for such competition, to decide upon the merits of the de- sign, and to supervise, with the Superintendent of the Military Academy, its erection, the Super- intendent becoming for this purpose, ex officio, a member of the Committee, and its Chairman. 8th. That the Building Committee be author- ized to draw upon the Treasurer of this Associ- ation for all necessary funds, and to audit all the accounts arising from the disbursements con- nected with the work, and to take any and all steps necessary to its completion. gth. That, upon the completion of the Monu- ment, the Building Committee the Superinten- dent being, ex officio, a member thereof shall arrange for proper dedication exercises and cere- monies. loth. That, upon the selection of the accepted design, a meeting of the Association shall be called and the drawings exhibited. nth. That, upon dedication, the Monument shall be presented to the Military Academy of the United States, and shall upon acceptance be turned over to the proper military authorities. 1 2th. That, upon the completion of these duties, the Building Committee shall turn over to the 5 66 THE BATTLE MONUMENT authorities of the Military Academy all vouchers and papers relating to its functions and the action of the Battle Monument Association for file with the records of the Military Academy, and shall be discharged from these functions. 13th. That the Superintendent be requested to obtain from the authorities at Washington the necessary names and data for inscription upon the monument. Peter S. Michie, Prof., U. S. M. A. Chas. W. Larned, " Edg. W. Bass, Professor Larned, at the request of the Chairman of the Committee, described the action of the Com- mittee in its visit to New York, and after some explanatory remarks and an informal discussion submitted the following form for an invitation to compete for the erection of the monument : INVITATION TO COMPETE FOR A MONUMENT TO BE ERECTED AT WEST POINT, N. Y. I. This Monument is to commemorate the Officers and Soldiers of the Regular Army killed in the War of the Rebellion. It is to be erected upon the land of the Government reservation at West Point, N. Y., the site being that portion of the plain in OF THK UNIVERSITY AT WEST POINT 67 front of Cadet Barracks commonly known as Trophy Point ; the exact spot to be hereafter designated. II. The general character of the design is to be architectural with such sculptural accessories as the taste of the designer may deem fitting and appropriate. It is to be of such proportions as to provide for the display of bronze tablets sufficient in num- ber and dimensions for the inscription of the names of officers and the designation by number and regiment of non-commissioned officers and privates. The material is to be stone and bronze, the nature of the stone being optional with the designer. III. The funds available for this construction, proper, are $50,- ooo in cash. There are, also, at the disposal of the Asso- ciation fifty (50) bronze cannon which may be employed in any way deemed proper, presented for the purpose by the fol- lowing Joint Resolution of Congress : Joint Resolution (No. 37), approved April 28, 1870. Resolved, &c., &c., &c., That the Secretary of War is hereby authorized and directed to deliver to Pro- fessor A. E. CHURCH, Treasurer of the Battle Monu- ment Committee, fifty bronze guns captured from the rebels, to be used in the construction of a monument at West Point, New York, in memory of the officers and soldiers of the regular army who fell in the late war, and in the ornamentation of the grounds around said monument. 16 Stats, at Large, 373. IV. You are invited to submit to this Committee of the Battle Monument Association at West Point a design for the above 68 THE BATTLE MONUMENT described monument in competition with those of the following named firms of architects : on or before September I5th, 1890, under the following con- ditions : V. CONDITIONS. 1st. The design to be shown in the following drawings : 1. A Perspective view in color or mono-tint, at your option, on a sheet not smaller than 34x48 inches, in proper relative proportion. 2. A Plan. 3. Elevation of the principal front to scale of \" to 4' in line. Should any of the other fronts possess special features of im- portance, separate elevations in pencil to same scale showing these features should be submitted with principal drawings. Each drawing is to be marked with a motto or device, and the whole sent in a sealed package, accompanied by a sealed envelope containing name, and marked with device on out- side, to the chairman of this Committee, Professor PETER S. MICHIE, U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y. A com- plete description of the design with explanation of its material and construction should accompany the drawings. zd. For the purpose of selection only, the Committee will associate with itself three gentlemen sculptors or architects to be chosen from a list of names submitted by the com- petitors themselves, each competitor submitting three, not more than one to be taken from the list of any one firm. These as- sociates for the purpose named shall each have a full vote, and the result of the vote shall be decisive as to the selection or re- jection of the designs submitted. AT WEST POINT 69 3d. No designs other than those submitted by the firms named in the list above given shall be admitted in this com- petition, nor shall any designs from any source be considered by the Committee until after the decision in this instance. After the decision the rejected designs will be returned to their re- spective owners, and no use in any way will be made of them or any of their features unless by arrangement with and consent of the owner. The accepted design is to become the property of the Asso- ciation, and the construction of the monument is to be in the hands and under the direction of the successful competitor, who shall be responsible for its proper and satisfactory completion according to the terms of the detailed specifications and draw- ings accepted. It shall be the right of the Superintendent of the Military Academy to appoint a competent officer who shall inspect the work during its progress, and who shall have the power, by di- rection of the Superintendent, to require a conformity in all particulars with the requirements of the specifications. He shall have the right, as above, to stop work at any stage of pro- gress should he discover any failure on the part of contractors to fulfil such requirements, until the architect can enforce them. His function shall not be construed to interfere in any way with the freedom of action of the architect, or of any person deputed by him to represent him as supervisor or clerk of the work. The sum of two hundred and fifty dollars ($250.00) will be paid to each competitor as a compensation for time and labor in the preparation of the designs submitted in competition, except that the successful competitor shall receive the usual compensa- tion of 5 per cent, upon the total cost of the monument, which sum shall include cost of all drawings prepared by him. Should the nature of the design involve special sculptural features requiring separate and original designing by the archi- tects, special arrangements for compensation will be made. 70 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Sculptural designs not furnished by architect must be contracted for by him, and paid out of the fund for general cost of monu- ment as part of the regular expenses. 4th. The design must be carefully calculated to come within the limits of the amount available for construction, as the cost of the monument can in no case exceed fifty thousand dollars, ex- clusive of the value of the bronze guns. To this end an esti- mate of cost should accompany each design, and upon acceptance a detailed estimate of cost must be submitted to this Committee. Should any excess result in this detailed estimate, or in the bids for construction, the design must be so modified as to come within the required limits. 5th. The Committee reserve the right to reject all designs under the conditions of payment and return, as specified above. 6th. For the purpose of definitely locating the site only, the Superintendent of the Military Academy and the successful competitor shall become ex-officio members of the Building Committee, and for the purpose of superintending the con- struction after selection, and the final arrangements for dedica- tion, the Superintendent of the Military Academy becomes a member of the Committee ex ofEcio, and its Chairman. VI. The Committee herein referred to consists of the following named officers of the Military Academy : Professor Peter S. Michie, Chairman. Professor Charles W. Lamed. Professor Edgar W. Bass, Treas. Battle Mon. Ass. Professor James Mercur. They are appointed by authority of the Executive Com- mittee of the Battle Monument Association. This Association has invested the Executive Committee with full powers for the expenditure of the funds herein de- AT WEST POINT 71 scribed, and for the determination of all matters pertaining to the erection of this monument. It has delegated to this Com- mittee authority for action in the premises as above described, and all communications relative to the matter in hand will be addressed to it through its Chairman, Professor Peter S. Michie. An informal discussion took place, after which the report of the Committee was accepted, and the Committee discharged from further action. The sections were discussed and considered in detail. All were adopted as submitted, except No. 3, which was amended to mean that the prin- cipal view should be " as seen from the plain." The following resolution was adopted : Resolved. That the Superintendent be requested to name a committee of four to take charge of the building of the Monument, and that after the Committee is appointed and vacancies occur, the other members of the Committee be authorized to fill said vacancies. In pursuance of this resolution, the following were appointed members of the Committee : Professor Michie, Professor Larned, Professor Bass and Professor Mercur. It was moved and carried that the Committee prepare and send a circular letter to competitors. The following resolution was adopted : 72 THE BATTLE MONUMENT That the Building Committee can change the specifications as it thinks proper, keeping the gen- eral idea of the Monument in view at all times. After careful investigation and consultation the following named firms of architects were selected for the competition and a circular letter inclosing a printed copy of the terms of competition was addressed to them by the Secretary of the Build- ing Committee : Babb, Cook & Willard, New York City ; Carrere & Hastings, New York City ; McKim, Mead & White, New York City ; and R. W. Emerson, Boston, Mass. The circular letter contained the following paragraphs: The history of the action of which this proposed competi- tion is the outcome is briefly as follows : During the War of the Rebellion certain officers of the regu- lar army stationed at West Point conceived the idea of com- memorating their brother officers of the regular army killed in that struggle by a monument erected there, and to that end formed an association known as the Battle Monument Association, with headquarters at the Military Academy. Letters were sent out to all officers of the regular army in- viting contributions in proportion to the rate of pay received. The fund resulting was placed in the custody of the Treasurer of the Association, invested in government bonds, and has in- creased through accrued interest to its present size. Congress was petitioned to further the project by appropriating a certain number of bronze cannon, and acceded by placing at the dis- posal of the Association fifty bronze guns captured from the AT WEST POINT 73 rebels. It was proposed to make the monument commemora- tive as well of the non-commissioned officers and privates, which proposition was adopted with the proviso that the de- scription should be by number and regiment only. The Ex- ecutive Committee of the above described Association, in which was invested plenary power both to act and to expend the funds accrued, in turn has transferred its authority to a Building Committee from which this circular emanates, and which pur- poses to push the project to completion. This monument, therefore, is distinctly commemorative of the officers, non- commissioned officers and privates of the regular army of the United States killed, or who died of wounds received in action, during the War of the Rebellion. In regard to the bronze guns available for use in the work, the committee desires it to be understood that they are at the disposition of the architect en masse, to be used to defray the cost in a finished state of all bronze decorations used upon the monument. In other words, the committee conceives it to be a legitimate use of this material to employ it not only as mate- rial, but to defray the cost of its own working and designing. Should, however, the cost of working exceed the value of the guns, the excess will be paid from the general fund. It will follow therefore that the bronze decorations should be a con- siderable feature of the design in order that all of the guns shall be available for use. As these guns are in themselves commemorative and historic, the committee suggests that a cer- tain number of them say ten or more be retained intact for direct decoration in the monument, or as accessories on the plinth and stylobate, or in the grounds in the immediate neigh- borhood. The invitation to compete was identical with the form adopted as given above, and, after formal acceptance on the part of the firms addressed, their 74 THE BATTLE MONUMENT members were invited to visit West Point as the guests of the Building Committee to inspect the site, and an exact location was determined on by a general vote of the Committee and the competi- tors. As the date of competition matured, a se- lection of associates was made by the Building Committee from the list of candidates nominated by the competitors. These associates became, for the purpose of choice, members of the Committee with a full vote, and the action of this jury was final. The names of these gentlemen, who at once most courteously consented to serve, are R. M. Hunt, President American Institute of Archi- tects ; Augustus St. Gaudens ; Arthur Rotch. On the date of competition they were invited, as guests of the Building Committee, to visit West Point, where the jury proceeded to examine the drawings. After a long and careful study, a final vote resulted in the selection of the design marked " Monolith " the motto of the firm of McKim, Mead & White. The results of the competition were very gratifying, and the merits of all the de- signs so conspicuous as to render final decision a matter of nice discrimination based upon many considerations. Messrs. McKim, Mead & White made the fol- lowing statement regarding their design : In preparing the design, we have most carefully considered the object of the monument and the site which it is to occupy. AT WEST POINT 75 We believe the monument should be first and foremost a martial one, distinctive in its character and impressive in its de- sign. The beauty of its site and the surroundings seems to us to preclude any bulky or massive treatment, and to suggest rather a treatment where the impression should be produced by height supported by a base which should not interfere with graceful and artistic treatment. For this reason we have adopted as the feature of our design a single monolithic shaft treated in the shape of a memorial column, or column of victory. This form seems to us to be more distinctively martial than any other, and in this form we believe it is possible to obtain impressiveness and dignity without a sacrifice of grace, at the same time pre- serving a distinctively architectural and monumental character. We lay great stress upon these two points, viz. : the necessity of giving the monument a martial character, and the relation of the monument to its site. In our design we have had these two points continually in mind, with results which you must judge. The shaft is a monolith of polished granite forty-six feet high and five feet six inches in diameter. To the best of our belief, it would be the largest polished shaft in the world. It is proposed to surmount it with a figure of Victory, and surround it by eagles a distinct mark of its national character. The shaft rests upon a circular base, surrounded by flights of steps, giving the greatest breadth and dignity possible to the base. The materials are the most enduring granite and bronze. We have received an estimate from the most reliable firm known to us upon this monument which comes within the amount available. We submit with this statement a memo- randum specification and copy of this bid. Very respectfully, " MONOLITH." 76 THE BATTLE MONUMENT MEMORANDUM OF ESTIMATED COST OF PROPOSED BATTLE MONUMENT. Messrs. Norcross Bros.' estimate for granite work, $41,000.00 Our estimate for figure, 5,000.00 Our estimate for eagles, 4,000.00 $50,000.00 Value of bronze cannon to cover architects' fees and contingencies 5,000.00 The designs of the other competing firms are shown in the half-tone prints in this report. The contract for the erection of the monument was let to Messrs. Norcross Bros., of New York City, and the sculptor for the figure of Fame sur- mounting the shaft, selected by Messrs. McKim, Mead & White and approved by the Building Committee, was Mr. Frederick MacMonnies. The architects desired to make some modifications in the design, and were permitted to do so, the most notable change from the accepted design being the omission of the eagles surrounding the shaft. Owing to various delays incident to changes and modifications of details, the procuring and correc- tion of the lists of names of officers and men, and their casting in bronze tablets, the work progressed somewhat slowly. Instead of the site dedicated by General McClellan in 1864, a new site contiguous to it was selected by the architect and Building AT WEST POINT 77 Committee to the east of Trophy Point, and about midway between it and the hotel. This site is a very conspicuous one from the river, and this consideration largely determined its selection. The quarrying, transportation and erection of so large a mass as the monolithic shaft probably the largest polished monolith in the world are mat- ters of considerable difficulty, requiring very great caution and considerable engineering skill; and the details of the operations involved are fully de- scribed in a separate section. By the spring of 1894, the shaft was ready to receive the figure of Fame, and accordingly it was placed in position facing toward the Library Build- ing. It was hoped that the monument would be completed and in readiness for dedication by Octo- ber of this year, and partial preparations for the dedication ceremonies were made. In the mean- while formal criticism of the figure of Fame, in- volving its replacement, having been made by a member of the Committee and acquiesced in by the architect, it was decided that the figure must be replaced. Ultimately the architect offered to assume the entire expense of this change, and a new figure was undertaken at once by Mr. Mac- Monnies. As a necessary consequence, the dedi- cation was postponed and May 31, 1895, selected for the event. Before that time it became evident 78 THE BATTLE MONUMENT that completion could not be hoped for until later, and the matter was left for future decision. Great difficulty was experienced in securing correctness in the casting of the bronze tablets, and many alterations were demanded before their completion and location on the monument. The lists of names had been carefully prepared in the office of the Adjutant-General of the Army, and afterwards were examined critically by both the Chairman of the Committee and the Treasurer. The lists and tablets were repeatedly checked after casting, and everything done to insure accuracy in the record. Early in May, 1896, the new figure was put in place, but various modifications in the details of the monument and the location of the bronzes rendered it impossible to dedicate in June, as the Committee had hoped to do. It was not until March, 1897, that definite steps were taken to ar- range for the final ceremonies and the date fixed for May 3ist. It was decided to make the event memorable, and, after careful consultation, a list of those to whom invitations were to be extended was prepared. This list is as follows : The President of the United States ; The Vice-President of the United States ; Members of the Cabinet of the President of the United States ; The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ; The Speaker of the House of Representatives ; The General of the Army and all officers of the Regular Army; Graduates of the United States Military Academy ; Architects, Sculptor and Competing Architects ; AT WEST POINT 79 Members of the Selection Committee; Veterans of the Regular Army who served in the War of the Rebellion ; Families of Soldiers commemorated by Monument ; The Commander of the Loyal Legion ; The Commander of the Grand Army ; The Superintendent and Officers of the Naval Academy ; Heads of Bureaus of the Naval Department. The invitation was the subject of much careful consideration, and was printed from special type originally cast in Philadelphia in the i8th century. It consisted of four leaves on heavy rough paper with uncut edges, tinted pale buff. On the first or cover page was an artotype of the figure of Fame; on the 3d page the invitation in black and red ink ; on the 5th an artotype of the monu- ment; on the yth the names of the Building Com- mittee and Architects; on the 8th or rear cover was printed the order of the exercises. A special card entitling the holder to a seat was sent with each invitation, the assignment being made upon presentation of this card at the Auditorium. The wording of the invitation was as follows, the letters in italics being in red ink : ist page. The Dedication Ceremonies of the Battle Monument at West Point, [Figure of Fame.] The thirty-first day of May, MD CCC XC VII. 8o THE BATTLE MONUMENT THE honor of your presence is requested at West Point, New York, on Monday, May the thirty- first, eighteen hundred and ninety- seven, at half after eleven o'clock, at the dedication of the BATTLE MONUMENT erected in memory of the Officers and Men of the Regular Army of the United States who fell in battle during the War of the Rebellion by their surviving comrades. In behalf of the Building Committee^ Charles W. Lamed, Professor United States Military Academy ', Secretary. THE favor of an early reply is earnestly requested. jtb page. tfhe Building Committee. Colonel Oswald H. Ernst, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, Superintendent of the United States Military Academy, Chairman, ex officio. Professor Peter S. Michie, United AT WEST POINT 81 States Military Academy, Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel United States Army. Professor Charles W. Larned, United States Military Academy ; Secretary. Professor Edgar W. Bass, United States Military Academy, Treasurer. Colonel John M. Wilson, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, Superintendent of the Military Acad- emy, Chairman Ex-officio from 1890 to 1893. Professor James Mercur, United States Military Academy, from 1890 to 1896, deceased. Professor Albert E. Church, United States Military Academy, Treasurer from 1864 to 1878, deceased. * Professor George L. Andrews, United States Military Academy, from 1878 to 1890, resigned. McKim, Mead and White, Architects, Frederick W. MacMonnies, Sculptor. 8tt> page. ^fhe Order of the Exercises. Music by the Band of the Military Academy. 82 THE BATTLE MONUMENT A Prayer by Reverend Herbert Shipman, Chaplain of the Military Academy. Presentation to the United States Army by Brigadier-General John M. Wilson, Chief of Engineers, United States Army. Acceptance by Lieutenant-General John M. Schofield, Retired, and Presentation to the General Gov- ernment. Acceptance by the President of the United States. The National Salute. The Star Spangled Banner by the Band of the Military Academy. Oration by the Honorable David J. Brewer, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Handel's Largo by the Band of the Military Academy. Benediction by Reverend Herbert Shipman, Chaplain of the Military Academy. DEDICATION CEREMONIES AT WEST POINT DEDICATION CEREMONIES AT WEST POINT. CHE morning of the dedication opened wet and threatening, with heavy cloud mists and showers. By ten o'clock, however, the sun broke through the clouds with a su- perb effect of light and shade, and the ceremonies took place without interruption, although the threatening weather kept away a large number of those who would otherwise have attended. The President of the United States had delegated his function in the ceremony to the Secretary of War, who, together with Lieutenant-General J. M. Schofield, formerly Commanding the Army; Brigadier-General J. M. Wilson, Chief of Engi- neers ; and Justice D. J. Brewer, of the Supreme Court of the United States, had arrived on the previous day. The Corps of Cadets were marched under arms to the Auditorium and occupied seats 6A 86 THE BATTLE MONUMENT in rear. The members of the distinguished party who were to take part in the ceremonies were escorted in carriages by the Superintendent and members of the Academic Board to the rostrum, which was occupied also by others of conspicuous rank or service. The circular grand stand, designed by the ar- chitect to accommodate over a thousand specta- tors, faced a raised rostrum, both covered by awn- ings of red and white striped canvas decorated with flags and trophies, the whole forming a very brilliant and beautiful mass of color. The cere- monies opened with prayer by the Chaplain of the Military Academy and the regular order of the programme was followed without change other than that of the substitution by the President of the United States, who was unable to be present, of the Secretary of War as his representative. OPENING PRAYERS. I. The Lord's Prayer. II. God of heaven and earth, who leddest our fathers forth, making them go from one kingdom to another people ; we yield Thee hearty thanks for all that Thou didst for them and art doing for the land to which they came. We remember that their communion was to eat their bread in exile, their sacrament to shed their blood for others. And we give Thee thanks for them. In particular, we remember here and now those of a later day who spared not their lives that our land might be one ; patriots of the newer time ; prophets and martyrs of our coun- try's unity and peace. And for them we give Thee thanks. And we pray that we may follow their good examples and be- queath to those that come after a nation worthy of its founders, and preservers, a nation fitted and glad to do Thy will, a na- tion subject alone to Thee and to Thy Christ. May the mem- ory of those who offered up their lives for principle, for unity in which alone peace could be, lift and draw the coming gen- erations upward and forward to see and seek that true and perfect peace which Thou wiliest for all the sons of men. May we feel and heed the silent yet solemn protest, rising from the graves of those who died for their country's honor and integrity, against all that is untrue, unworthy of the high and holy destiny we believe Thou hast set before this nation. May we, like them, placing before the love of self, the love f of others ; before the love of earthly gain and life itself, the love of truth and righteousness ; bring nearer that day, for which Thy Son's last earthly prayer went up, when all Thy children shall be one in love. We ask this in Thy Name, O Heavenly Father; in Thine, O blessed Son, who art the Prince of Peace; in Thine, O Holy Spirit, who guidest the hearts and minds of men in the way of light and truth; in thine, O One Eternal God, to whom be dominion, power and glory, now and forever. Amen. 8 7 ADDRESS OF GENERAL WILSON. ^L TH^R- Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen : I^XI That hero, statesman, and martyr, Abraham T ^L Lincoln, in his grand inaugural, expressed the ex- j quisite sentiment that, "The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battle-field and patriot's grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when touched, as they surely will be, by the better angels of our nature." May I not borrow this glowing language to-day and say that the mystic chords of memory, stretching from the Maine mosaic block of the Union to the coral reefs of Florida, from the orange groves of Louisiana to the ice palaces of Minnesota, from the vine-clad hills of Southern California to the majestic forests of Puget Sound, are joined in one grand electric circuit within which, at every hearthstone from which a soldier de- parted to fill a patriot's grave, hearts are throbbing and pulses tingling at the thought that to-day, upon this historic spot, will be dedicated a monument erected in memory of the heroes of the regular army who gave up their lives in the defense of the honor of the nation and the perpetuity of the Union. 8 9 90 THE BATTLE MONUMENT More than a third of a century ago, a few noble and gallant officers, who had been sent to duty at this post, some of whom were slowly recovering from wounds received in action, and others who were convalescing from the fearful fevers contracted in the Chickahominy swamps, conceived the idea of erecting, at West Point, a monument to the memory of the officers and enlisted men of the regular army who had fallen in the terri- ble conflict then in progress, and to others who might give up their lives in the cause of the nation. At the suggestion of that splendid soldier, that courteous and accomplished gentleman, that much loved comrade, Col. Henry C. Hasbrouck, of the 4th Artillery, then a young lieutenant of artillery, a meeting of the officers was called, an Executive Committee constituted, and circulars sent to the commanding generals of the army and to others, outlining the object in view and soliciting cooperation. The replies surpassed the most ardent anticipations, and the committee, realizing that it could act in the name of the army, prepared and distributed to their comrades in the field and else- where circulars inviting subscriptions. The beloved and lamented Professor A. E. Church was ap- pointed treasurer, and during the year 1864 over $14,000 was received, the grand total eventually reaching, by 1871, the sum of $14,856.54, after which no further subscriptions were received. This amount was subscribed by 670 officers, 790 enlisted men and civilian employees representing all branches of the regular service and the 'civil employees of the Quartermaster's Department at New Orleans. Among the subscribers were Generals Grant, Sheridan, Meade, Thomas, Buell, Foster, Franklin, French, Gillmore, Heintzelman, Hitchcock, Hooker, Howard, Keyes, McCook, McDowell, Parke, Pope, Reynolds, Rosecrans, Sedgwick, Slocum, Steele, Sykes, Warren, Webb, and Wright. AT WEST POINT 91 A site was selected and dedicated for the monument on June 15,1 8t>4, the oration having been delivered by that distin- guished soldier, the late Major-Gen. Geo. B. McClellan. For some reason not fully understood by us, the matter lan- guished, the actual construction of the monument was post- poned, and the meetings of the Executive Committee became exceedingly rare, only four or five having been recorded be- tween October, 1 864, and January, 1 890. In the meantime the grand old treasurer had not buried the talent committed to his charge, but by skilful management the fund had been so invested that upon his death in 1878 it had been increased to about $32,000. Professor Church was succeeded by Professor Geo. L. An- drews, of the U. S. Military Academy, a distinguished officer of the army during the war, who was equally successful in his stewardship ; and when he resigned his treasurership early in 1890, he transferred to his successor, our beloved friend Col. E. W. Bass, the eminent professor of mathematics, bonds whose market value at the time was over $60,000. Early in the year 1 890 the subject was again brought for- ward, and the officers then at the Military Academy, some of whom had not yet seen the light of day when the great conflict was initiated, took up the matter with such enthusiasm that it was finally consummated, and the result is before you. In addition to the available funds, fifty bronze cannon cap- tured during the war were presented by the War Department, some of which have been placed around the monument, and others used to -provide for bronze tablets and ornaments. A new Executive Committee, consisting of several of the eminent professors of the Academy, was constituted, and this committee, after consultation with distinguished artists, sculptors, and architects in New York, in order to obtain the highest or- der of art, decided to invite designs from four firms of exalted reputation. 92 THE BATTLE MONUMENT The parties invited, and who promptly and courteously ac- cepted the invitation, were : Messrs. McKim, Mead and White, Messrs. Babb, Cook and Willard, Messrs. Carrere and Hastings, and Mr. W. R. Emerson. The results exceeded the highest anticipations of the com- mittee, and the superb designs presented reflected the greatest credit upon the distinguished gentlemen who had competed for the prize. The Executive Committee, still anxious to make no mistake and to do no injustice, called to its aid, in selecting the design to be accepted, Messrs. Richard M. Hunt, Augustus St. Gaudens, and Arthur Roache, men whose reputations in their profession were second to none others in our broad land. After most critical examination, and upon the advice of these eminent experts, the design of Messrs. McKim, Mead and White was adopted, the modeling of the figure of Fame which crowns the shaft being intrusted to Mr. Frederick MacMonnies, and the construction of the monument to the Messrs. Norcross Brothers, of Worcester, Mass. The marvelous creation of these artists, with its exquisite lines, its symmetry and beauty, is before you, and no words that I can utter can do it justice. It bears upon it the names of 188 officers and 2042 enlisted men ; and, through the courtesy of the War Department at Washington, it is believed that the name of evtry officer and of every enlisted man of the regular army who was killed in action or died of wounds received in action during the great war of 1861-65 ls P^ced in enduring bronze, so that the youths of our land, who are here serving their squirehood in their country's services, may have before them, as an everlast- ing example, a list of heroes who laid down their lives in the cause of the nation. AT WEST POINT 93 Every arm of the service, and every regiment in the service, save one which was not in the field but kept on other impor- tant duty during the war, is represented by the names of some of its heroes upon the monument. Lieutenant- General Schofield, it is meet and right that to-day, through you, one of its most distinguished heroes, this monument should be transferred to the Army of the United States. To you, our former and beloved commander to you, the ideal soldier, the heroic commander of many a well-fought and victorious field, the soldier sans peur et sans reprocbe, alike at home in the din of battle or the councils of the nation, whose brilliant stars were won in a baptism of fire, it is my duty, my pleasure, and my pride, in the name of the Building Committee, to transfer this wonderful work of the genius of man. The polished granite sphere which surmounts the beautiful shaft is symbolic of the well-rounded lives of the heroes who have been called before the Great White Throne, and I be- lieve that he who lays down his life in the defense of his coun- try's honor is received by the King of kings with those joyous words : "Well done, thou good and faithful servant : thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things : enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." Capping the whole of this grand work is MacMonnies' ideal creation of Fame ; and while we admire its wondrous beauty, as it holds forth the chaplet of victory for these heroes, there come to our mind those glowing words of O'Hara : " On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards with solemn round The bivouac of the dead." ADDRESS OF GENERAL SCHOFIELD. CHE purest patriotism is that which inspires the simple soldier, who, of his own choice, offers his services and his life to execute the orders of the Commander- in-Chief. He looks to the head of the nation alone for the national will. The President's policy is his policy, the President's orders his only rule of action. He eliminates self absolutely from his motives, and learns to be content with hunger, privation, hardship, wounds, and death in the effort to execute the orders of the Commander-in- Chief. He is not only willing to die for his country, but he accepts without question or doubt the choice made by his countrymen of the leader whose orders he is to obey and whose policy he is to accept as the will of the nation. This is the purest example of patriotic devotion of which man is capable, and that which the true soldier most highly honors. It is the just and proud boast of the armies of the United States that this has always been their standard of patriotic duty, and in this the difference between the regular and volun- teer exists only in name. The one, no less than the other, is a volunteer soldier, and the other, hardly less than the first, 95 96 THE BATTLE MONUMENT soon becomes, under the discipline of war, a regular soldier. The sublimest fact in American history is the perfect disci- pline, patient endurance, undoubting confidence of final tri- umph even in the midst of temporary defeat, and heroic valor shown by our soldiers during four years of war. They knew little and cared less about the dissensions among poli- ticians over questions of public policy, or the troubles of finan- ciers over the state of the treasury. They fought bravely on as they were led, with no thought but the triumph of the Union cause as the end of their soldierly duty. In all this soldierly devotion there was little room for dif- ference of rank. Only a very few of the highest commanders were at liberty to indulge in other thoughts. With such few exceptions, soldiers of all grades, from the private in the ranks to the general in command of a division or army corps, were governed by the same devotion, obedience, faith, and courage. These are the patriotic qualities which soldiers honor in their comrades, and especially in those who have given their lives in the country's service. As the States of the Union, and the regiments which they sent to the field, and the vari- ous corps of the great Union army have erected fitting monu- ments in honor of their heroic dead, so the little body of regulars contributed during the war a generous fund for the purpose of erecting here, on this historic spot, a monument to their fallen comrades. That work was delayed, if my memory is not at fault, in order that the increase due to judicious in- vestment might in no very long time enable the trustees to erect a monument much more appropriate to the purpose and the place than could at first have been done. The wisdom and fidelity with which this sacred trust has been discharged is fully attested by the beautiful and noble work of art now presented to us. In the name of the army, I thank all who have taken part in this noble work for the fidel- ity with which they have discharged the trust reposed in them. AT WEST POINT 97 And in behalf of the army I accept from the Building Com- mittee this Battle Monument, as a worthy token of our re- spect and reverence for the memories of our comrades who gave their lives to preserve the national Union. Let every young soldier who shall here follow in the foot- steps of these heroes be inspired, as he looks upon this monu- ment, by a noble ambition to so master the art of war that he shall neither live nor die in vain, and so fit himself for his patriotic duty that in his life, as in his death, he shall be an honor to his country. To you, Mr. Secretary, comrade in battle of the brave men whose names are engraved hereon, I now present this monu- ment, in memory of our fallen heroes, and place it, through you, in the custody of the National Government. Let it and the ground on which it stands be held sacred forever. ADDRESS OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR. GENERAL SCHOFIELD: By command of the Pres- ident, in whose name I appear to-day, I accept for the Government of the United States this beautiful monument erected to her honored dead. It will stand a lasting memento to those men who gave their lives to save this na- tion from destruction when the question of its existence was given over to the arbitrament of arms. This is the fittest spot in the land for its abiding-place. Here is the soldier school of the repub- lic, famed for the classic beauty of its surroundings, and sanctified by its association with the names of men whose genius and valor in defense of the government which educated them to the profes- sion of arms, and whose loyalty to the flag which here in their early manhood they were taught to love, have brought imper- ishable renown to the country of their devotion. This, too, is the fittest day of all the year for its unveiling and dedication, for it is the day set apart by the people and by the law for popular tribute to those who on land and sea offered their lives a willing sacrifice upon the altar of loyalty and liberty. It is pleasant to remember, as we gaze for the first time upon this graceful shaft, that every Union soldier* s grave within reach of 99 ioo THE BATTLE MONUMENT our people has been strewn by loving hands with beautiful flowers, and it is sweet to fancy that the graves unmarked and unknown, scattered throughout the land wherever soldiers fought and died, are not left unadorned by the kindly hand of nature. It will be ever gladly borne in mind that this monument does not simply commemorate the names and fame of those who wore the insignia of rank. It rescues and brings out into the light, to share in that way the fame of their commanders, names little known nor much remembered, save in the small circle of home and loved ones. It was quite characteristic of the chiv- alrous men who planned this memorial to take thought of the hum- ble, but equally devoted and daring, men who followed where they led, and who equally with them, without the spur of ambi- tion or the hope of fame, gave their lives in the line of duty. Had they forgotten, which they" could not, the rank and file, without whose discipline, fidelity and bravery there is no fame for a commander, they would have been less the ideal soldiers that they were and less worthy of remembrance, for the true soldier and officer never forgets what he owes to the men he commands. It is altogether well and worthy that these names of en- listed men are borne upon this monument in one grand muster roll with those of their commanders. Could this shaft, now towering above us, have been builded as high as the deeds of the men in whose memory it is erected deserve, its capstone, indeed, would be lost beyond the skies. In the history of all nations that which has made them great in prosperity and in strength has been achieved in war, and the brightest of its pages are illumined by the deeds of knightly men in the field. It can truthfully be said that greater disaster can come to a nation than war, for life without honor is not worth the living, and the short span that is given to man, even at its greatest length, is nothing as compared to the sus- taining of the dignity and strength of the nation and the keeping alive that patriotism which is so essential to its existence. AT WEST POINT 101 Many men have seen war in its terrible aspect, but to none is it given to describe it. War should be but for defense, else Providence were seemingly but the plaything for men's passions. Even to-day the greatest nations of the earth must see its hor- rors in both hemispheres, regretful that such struggles must come, hopeful that from the conflict may spring a lasting peace. From all people has come the reverence of the most heroic deed that can be performed by mortal man death in the defense of country, home and faith. Greater far than the glory which crowns the victor, more sublime than tongue can picture him, lies in the dust at the feet of armies, the soldier who served without hope of reward or glory, and fell to be buried and named "Unknown." Now a word to you young men gathered here to-day, whose profession is war. The spotless integrity of the men who have graduated at this great academy in their official and daily lives is a guide for you, and wherever you may be called, whether in time of peace or armed conflict, remember that you are marked men the successors of those whose names must live immortal when succeeding generations shall have passed away. Should I name these men the pulse would quicken, and the glory of the old flag they defended would brighten in your thoughts, but you have their example for your beacon light. Go forward then, in life, young men, knowing that you have the prayers and hopes of seventy millions of people with you, and remember that over you floats the proudest flag in the world, that which symbolizes freedom, civilization, Christianity. That flag, glorious in its purity, has never been unfurled in front of any foe but to prevail, nor will it in the time that is to come. That flag shall guard the life of every American in every land and at whatever cost. Guard well then your heritage, and keep ever before you the thought that patriotism is the highest impulse in the world, that the good that men do always lives, and he who is never 7A 102 THE BATTLE MONUMENT swerved by temptation, but stands for the right, wears the crown of American manhood. It is the fond hope of the best minds of every land that the time may come and that in the near future when armed force in the field shall no longer be required, when all differences between nations shall be settled by the benign in- fluences of man's best judgment, and that arbitration shall be substituted for artillery, musketry and the saber. But while man is mortal perhaps the hope that this consummation so de- voutly wished may become the rule of the world, cannot be realized, and it is therefore incumbent upon every prudent people to at all times be prepared for any emergency, so that if war should come they would be in readiness. May we then hope, the soldier equally with the civilian, that the day will come when with one accord the great nations of the earth shall say : " Let the bugler sound the truce of God to the world forever." God speed the coming of that day ! In no human heart will that prayer be stronger than in the heart of the true soldier. Remember that "peace hath her vic- tories no less renowned than war," and that the country has use for chivalrous soldiers in peace as well as war. ADDRESS OF JUSTICE BREWER. IT is one of the paradoxes of life that that which to eye and touch seems solid and enduring will assuredly crumble and disappear, while that which the eye and touch cannot reach is alone immortal. There is no work of man wrought on canvas, in marble or bronze, lifted in column or cathedral, but soon or late yields up its form and beauty as time's unceasing pendulum is swung by Him with whom a thousand years are as one day, and one day as a thou- sand years. While on the other hand those viewless, intan- gible things, born of the brain and soul, lofty thoughts and heroic purposes, live on and on with all the dewy freshness of unfading youth. " The beings of the mind are not of clay ; essentially immortal." Phidias and Praxiteles chiseled their dreams of beauty into the solid marble, singing as they wrought, "For art can grant what love denies, And fix the fugitive ; " only broken statues and wretched fragments remain to tell of their forgotten dreams. But the marvelous philosophy of 103 io 4 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Plato, the lofty thought of Socrates, the logic of Aristotle, and the epic grandeur of Homer, are as young and inspiring to- day as when first syllabled beneath the groves of the Academy, or chanted through the hamlets of Greece. Nineteen centuries ago the temple of Jerusalem, forty and six years in building, crowned the summit of Mount Moriah as the great achieve- ment of Jewish art, the pride and wonder of the nation. Its ruins are scarcely discoverable, while the loving words of the humble Galilean, spoken beneath the shadow of its glory, are the ever-living comfort and solace of unnumbered millions. The massive Pyramids still stand, and the huge Sphinx still tosses in the face the unsolved riddle of its being, but the broken angles and loosened stones of the former and the bat- tered face of the latter attest their subjection to the crumbling touch of time. Indeed, this whole earth is one mighty sepul- cher within which are entombed in hopeless confusion all the beauty and splendor that past generations were able to put into forms of matter, while the only things that preserve the fresh- ness of youth and pass on from age to age with all the vigor and bloom of immortality, are those intangible and viewless things, ideas, feelings the children of the human soul. Is the work of the painter, the sculptor and the architect then in vain ? Is it idle to paint forms of beauty on the can- vas, to chisel them in marble or bronze ? Is it a waste of time and labor to lift the columned glory or to put the symme- try and grace of architecture into capitol and cathedral ? Is it wrong or foolish to challenge the inexorable law of material decay, to place before the eye the visible beauty which we know must one day disappear ? Not so ; certainly not, if that thing of matter both carries with it the sweet influences of beauty, and also is eloquent of ideas and purposes which are an inspiration to humanity and will continue so to be long after that which represents them has passed away. While it endures, it incarnates the thought. It is the visible expression AT WEST POINT 105 of the idea which is itself immortal. And so, as long as it en- dures, v it carries a message to every human soul, and as a carrier of such message deserves the time and labor and money put into it. We stand to-day in the presence of a stately column, erected by the soldiers and officers of the regular army of the United States, to commemorate the heroism and sacrifice of those of their number who during the civil war gave their lives for their country and in order that " liberty and union might re- main now and forever one and inseparable." We are here not simply to speak our praises of its beauty, but more to bow in reverence before the ideas and the ideals which have found material expression in that beauty, and which we believe will be the inspiration not only of this great land but of humanity the world over, long after the column shall have fallen and crumbled into dust. We come, not so much to eulogize it as a work of art, but rather to attest the great fact that brought it into being, and to take a solemn oath in the presence of high heaven that that fact shall never pass from the remembrance of man. And now what are the ideas and ideals which this column expresses ? What are the lessons which, as it stands in solitary grandeur beside the flowing waters of this majestic stream, it teaches to us, and will teach to those who come after us ? What is it that this witness, eloquent though mute, says to us, and will say to the generations yet to come ? Of the many voices which it bears I have only time to notice two. I know it speaks of heroic achievements. I know it voices the glori- ous and immortal thought, dulce et decorum est pro patria mori. I know it is eloquent with the suffering and self-denial and sacrifice which the great war developed and ennobled. But beyond all that, it bears two voices, which I fain would catch in the words of my talk, and speak to every citizen of the United States. And first it voices the immeasurable value of law and peace. io6 THE BATTLE MONUMENT It says to us that they whose names are written on its face gave up their lives not merely for military glory, but also that war should cease, and peace with all its blessings prevail ; that every citizen might find the doors of the court-house open for the punishment of wrong and the enforcement of right ; that the humblest might stand side by side with the highest, placing in the ballot-box his equal vote in the settlement of all questions of public policy. They died that a government created by all should not be destroyed by a part, and that, as all once volun- tarily consented to its establishment, only in like manner should any change be made in its provisions or any territory released from its dominion. They read in the Constitution the solemn declaration that it and the laws of the United States made in pursuance thereof " shall be the supreme law of the land," and they gave their lives to make that declaration good. It is fitting that in the dedication of this monument there should be heard the voice of a member of the Supreme Court of the United States, the court which the Constitution provided as the ultimate judicial tribunal for the settlement of questions of private right and public law ; for, through the sacrifice and he- roism of these illustrious dead it continues still the supreme court for South Carolina and Texas as for New York and Kansas. These men died that law might live, that the will of the people incarnated in constitution and statutes should be obeyed by every one, and that all questions of policy, all dis- putes as to rights of property, or obligations of contracts, should be settled peaceably in the courts or at the ballot-box. They marched beneath the Stars and Stripes not merely that no star should be dimmed, not merely that its folds might float on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico as well as by the great lakes, but also that so floating triumphantly it should speak to every child of America the comforting words of as- sured peace and law. On its folds may there ever be seen the words of General Grant, " Let us have peace." AT WEST POINT 107 t Is this voice worth listening to ? In the shadow of the sa- cred memories which gather around the names of these heroic dead, in the presence of these veterans who yet live to tell the stories of the great war, and in the presence of these eager and enthusiastic youth who are here studying that they may learn all the possibilities of military science, and, whenever duty shall call, win on the battle-field the victor's laurels, in all this presence I affirm that the greatest meed of praise which can be bestowed upon the army of the United States is, that it makes certain to every citizen the blessings of peace and order and law. Doubtless, young gentlemen, as you look over the bright fields of the future, you see dazzling before you visions of military glory ; " the pride, pomp and circumstance of glori- ous war " are there, and the eagle and the stars wait tt> rest on your shoulders ; but when the evening of life shall come you will realize that the highest praise which can be awarded to you is that in your military lives you have been the defenders of law and the guardians of peace ; that you have stood behind the multitudinous business activities of this mighty people, and thundered in the ears of all the irresistible declaration that those activities should go on undisturbed by rebel or mob ; that you have been beside the marvelous postal machine which, like a thing of life, reaches its myriad fingers into every city and village and neighborhood, gathering and distributing the sweet messages of love and the rich words 'of trade; beside the swift-rolling wheels which bear into and through every State the mighty volume of our internal commerce, and bade no man dare to stay the free movement of fingers or wheels ; that while the representatives of the people have gathered in the halls of Congress to legislate, the judges have sat on the bench to adjust private rights and public wrongs, and the President has taken his place in the White House to execute the laws and enforce the judgments, you have stood back of legislator and judge and President, and been the unfailing guarantor that io8 THE BATTLE MONUMENT in peace they shall act, and that by every citizen their acts shall be respected and obeyed. There is no true American who does not look with honest pride on the army of the United States, who does not feel his heart thrill with exultation as he repeats the names of its illus- trious leaders ; there is no true American who would withhold aught that will help to make that army in the future as in the past, though small in numbers, most efficient and potent ; there is no true American who depreciates its achievements, or sneers at its usefulness ; and yet, while all this is true, every one sees in the organized and disciplined and educated force that which means not war, but peace ; that which means not alone military glory, but also the securing to every city and village and home in the la*nd the priceless blessings of law and order. And to- day this column lifts its stately height in the presence of the American people, proclaiming to all, in a voice which fills the land and will fill the centuries, that these men died that law might live and peace prevail. The other voice which comes from this silently eloquent witness is that these men died in order that there might be pre- served in our borders equal opportunities for all. Ours is the land of the free. Here is government of and by and for the people. We know no rank. Birth brings no title. Before each individual is opened every door, and to him who wills and strives there is no place of influence or power which does not hold out the equal invitation. The doors of this institution are not opened to only the children of a privileged class. From the poorest cabin and the richest home, from the lonesome prairie and the crowded city, from the ranks of the humblest toilers and the counting-houses of the richest merchants, from farm and factory and shop and office you come, and come on equal terms, with equal opportunities before you, and to take in after life not the glory which your fathers give you, but that which you yourselves are able to win. From a humble farm- AT WEST POINT 109 house in Ohio, through the gateways of this school, passed a modest, resolute young man, to become the great commander ; the present General of the Army commenced life as a mere clerk ; and a private soldier is now the President of the United States. And the end is not yet. That which was so yesterday is so to-day, and will be so to-morrow. The barefoot boy may thank God and take courage, for beneath the Stars and Stripes the future is his. "Whosoever will" not only expresses the as- surances of the Gospel, but is also the law of American life and success. It must be remembered, however, that there is a world-wide difference between " whosoever will " and "who- soever simply wishes." The one implies a resolute and un- failing purpose controlling all activities, while the other carries with it nothing but lazy desire. The one is the assurance of success, the other deserves the failure which it receives. Of the thousand men in our land who succeed, luck may be the ac- cident of one, but the other nine hundred and ninety-nine toil for and win it. No one can sit on a dry-goods box and whit- tle himself into wealth, or stand on the street corner and talk himself into learning, position or power. Before every one is the open door of opportunity ; "whosoever will " may enter. And this fact of equal opportunity and equal right has been strengthened and made more far-reaching through the devotion of those whose names are written on this column. They died not in defense of a princely class, not to perpetuate an aristoc- racy of wealth or birth, but rather to lift a race into the large domain of equal rights and equal opportunities. They heard the sad, pathetic voice of him who walked from the lonesome home of poverty and ignorance through the untiring strength of his own earnestness and ability to the chief magistracy of the nation and a place among the immortals of earth ; and, heeding that voice, they died in order that this government of and by and for the people should not perish from the face of the earth, i io THE BATTLE MONUMENT but should continue with a more complete and glorious affirm- ance of equal rights and equal opportunities for all. And I want here to say that this doctrine of equal rights and equal opportunities which has always been the theory of our political and social institutions is, notwithstanding some idle talk, still, as ever, the significant fact of our life. The great accumulations of money are not in the hands of those who in- herited, but of those who themselves accumulated it ; and when I read, as I often do, the denunciations in certain quarters of inordinate wealth, I find almost without an exception that the names connected with that wealth are the names of men who started in life without a dollar. Who are the leaders of our thought to-day ? Who are the great men in intellectual life ? Who are the inventors and authors, the orators and poets ? Who are they that give direction and guidance to the thought and busi- ness and high ambition of the nation ? Did they come from any class ? Were they born into station ? Did they come from some privileged rank ? On the contrary, as you run over the list of names, you will find that no rank, or class, or place monopo- lized their beginnings. Their power and influence is some- thing which they themselves have won, and not something which they inherited. The humblest child may look upon the White House with expectation. The poorest and most friendless student may begin with faith and hope his struggle for a seat on the highest bench of the nation. A place in the halls of Congress is not a thing of purchase or inheritance, and the few exceptions which occur only attest the fact as well as the strength and vigor of the rule. This is to-day, and God grant that it may ever remain, a land of equal rights and equal opportunities, not an equality of life and living which is com- pelled, for wherever there is such compulsion there is slavery, whether the master be a single despot or a mob, but the equal- ity of the Declaration of Independence, the equal possession of " certain unalienable rights . . . life, liberty, and the pur- AT WEST POINT in suit of happiness" ; the right of each individual to choose for himself his life and work and to pursue that life and work sub- ject to no dominion, and realizing all the success that the in- tensity of his life and work deserve. It is fitting that this memorial to the officers and soldiers of the regular army who died in the recent war should be here, for this is the military center of the nation, the great school of those who are to be the officers and commanders ; and it is well that the lessons of those patriotic and heroic lives should ever be present before the young who shall come to prepare themselves to take the places they filled and glorified. It was fitting also that this work should have been undertaken and car- ried through by the surviving officers and soldiers of the army, for it is your comrades' memory that is thus preserved. Here let this column rise in stately beauty, proclaiming to the coming generations the great occasion and the great truths which have caused it to be. And may every ripple of yonder stream, as it passes and floats onward toward the commercial metropolis of the nation, bear from its lips to the tomb where sleeps the coffined dust of the great commander, the assurances of the unvarying loyalty of the army of the United States now and hereafter to the heroic ideas and ideals of his life, to peace with equal rights and privileges to all. EPILOGUE. CHIS granite shaft stands not as a memorial alone, but for a principle. It bears wit- ness to the supremacy of discipline and education in the vocation of arms. It vindicates the professional soldier. It glorifies obedience, self-restraint, intelligence. It stands for duty, pro- fessional honor, responsibility, order, precision. In the polished integrity of its unbroken mass the primeval granite, upright and unswerving, points heavenward the path of patriotism and of honor. This is the only monument on the continent to the officers and soldiers of the Regular Army who fought in the War of the Rebellion, and in pre- senting it to the government of the great republic it has served so well, that army asks its fellow- citizens to bear in remembrance, together with the names of the leaders inscribed upon it McPher- son, Sedgwick, Reynolds, Mansfield, Lyon those survivors who belong with them to history, 8 113 114 THE BATTLE MONUMENT officers of the Regular Army and sons also of that Military Academy where their memory is pre- served and venerated. Army Commanders. Grant Hooker Pope Sherman Rosecrans Slocum Sheridan McClellan Canby Meade Halleck Wright, G. Thomas . Buell McDowell Schofield Ord Curtis, S. R. Howard Corps Commanders. Reynolds, J. F. j ist. Newton Hancock "I Couch I 2d. Humphreys J Heintzelman 1 . French / 3 Keyes j Gordon Granger > 4th. Stanley J Sykes 1 Warren j- 5th. Griffin j Smith, W. F. Wrigh Steele Reynolds, ith, W. F. I ight, H. G. / 6th. Parke, 9th. Gillmore, loth. Williams, izth. Davis, J. C., 1 4th. Smith, A. J., 1 6th. Foster, J. G., i8th. Franklin ' Emory I9th. Grover McCook, zoth. Augur, zzd. Hartsuff, 23d. Gibbon, 24th. Weitzel, 25th. Stoneman Pleasonton Merritt Wilson, J. H. Cavalry. Fit/. J^>hn Porter, jtJa. AT WEST POINT Division Commanders. Doubleday McCall Carlin Stevens Robinson, J. C. Morgan, J. D. Ricketts Barnes Hazen Rufus King Getty Ransom Richardson Russell, D. Martindale Webb Neill Palmer Hays, W. Seymour Wessels Sully Davidson Sherman, T. Hays, A. Carr Abercrombie Berry Wilcox Ruger Prince Brannan Kautz Hamilton Saxton Jackson, R. H Whipple,A.W. Ames Buford Elliott, W. L. Turner Gregg Wood Gordon, G. H. Custer Casey Greene, G. H. Kilpatrick Ayers Smith, C. F. Upton Morell Baird Mackenzie And their non-graduate brothers-in-arms of the Regular Army. Corps Commanders. Sumner Butterfield Sickles Terry Kearny Miles Mower Division Commanders. Harney De Trobriand n6 THE BATTLE MONUMENT This is the verdict of the greatest war of modern times, given also with equal emphasis in the case of our antagonists tried in a hundred battles and justified by the results of a score of campaigns. No lesson in war was ever more inevitable, clear- cut and decisive. After a desperate struggle of four years, involving over three millions of com- batants, the officers of a little body of ten thousand regulars, almost wholly graduates of the Military Academy at West Point, command as Lieutenant- or Major-Generals every army in the field, nearly all of the Army Corps, and a large proportion of the Divisions. They head every Supply Corps of the General Staff, and hold every important command in these Corps. They have organized and directed that immense mobilizing and supplying mechanism without which victory would have been impos- sible, and whose efficiency in the face of enormous difficulties was the wonder and admiration of the military world. They gave to the century two of its greatest commanders, and from their body came the President of the Confederacy and the successor of the immortal Lincoln, all sons of West Point and of the Regular Army. This sweeping result achieved itself as the gradual but inevitable logic of experience in the face of a political favoritism and demoraliza- tion without limit or precedent. UNIVERSITY NAMES OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN BORNE UPON THE BATTLE MONUMENT 8A OFFICERS. * General Officers. Brigadier- Generals. Joseph K. F. Mansfield, Maj.-Gen. Vols., Antietam, Md. James B. McPherson, Maj.-Gen. Vols., Atlanta, Ga. General Staff. Lieut. -Col. Julius P. Garesche, Adjt.-Gen. Dept., Murfrees- boro, Tenn. Surgeon William J. H. White, Medical Dept., Antietam, Md. Capt. Guilford D. Bailey, Subsistence Dept., Fair Oaks, Va. Capt.OtisH.Tillinghast, Quartermaster Dept., ist Bull Run,Va. Corps of Engineers. Majors. Amiel W. Whipple, Maj.-Gen. Vols., Chancellorsville, Va. James St. C. Morton, Petersburg, Va, Captains. Holdimand S. Putnam, Fort Wagner, S. C. Charles E. Cross, Rappahannock River, Va. Arthur H. Dutton, Bermuda Hundred, Va. izo THE BATTLE MONUMENT First Lieutenants. Patrick H. O'Rorke, Col. Vols., Gettysburg, Pa. John R. Meigs, Harrisonburg, Va. Corps of Topographical Engineers. First Lieutenants. ]. L. Kirby Smith, Corinth, Miss. Orlando G. Wagner, Yorktown, Va. Ordnance Department. Captains. Jesse L. Reno, Maj.-Gen. Vols., South Mountain, Md. George C. Strong, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Fort Wagner, S. C. ist Cavalry. Captains. Benjamin F. Davis, Beverly Ford, Va. Samuel McKee, Cold Harbor, Va. First Lieutenants. Robert Allen, Jr., Gaines's Mill, Va. Caesar R. Fisher, Ashby's Gap, Va. Frederick C. Ogden, Trevillian Station, Va. Joseph S. Hoyer, Smithfield, Va. John H. Nichols, Trevillian Station, Va. John S. Walker, Harper's Ferry, Va. 2d Cavalry. Captains. Charles W. Canfield, Beverly Ford, Va. James F. McQuesten, Opequan, Va. AT WEST POINT 121 First Lieutenants. Michael Lawless, Trevillian Station, Va. Charles McMaster, Front Royal, Va. Second Lieutenant. George DeV. Selden, Gettysburg, Pa. 3d Cavalry. Captain. Alexander McRae, Valverde, N. M. Second Lieutenant. George Harrington, Memphis, Tenn. 4th Cavalry. Colonel. John Sedgwick, Maj.-Gen. Vols., Spottsylvania C. H., Va. Captain. George D. Bayard, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Fredericksburg, Va. First Lieutenant. Elbridge G. Roys, Selina, Ala. Second Lieutenants. Thomas Healy, Franklin, Tenn. Francis C. Wood, Middleton, Tenn. 5th Cavalry. Captains. Thomas Drummond, Five Forks, Va. Joseph P. Ash, Todd's Tavern, Va. James Cahill, Todd's Tavern, Va. 122 THE BATTLE MONUMENT First Lieutenants. John J. Sweet, Gaines's Mill, Va. Richard Byrnes, Lieut.-Col. Vols., Cold Harbor, Va. Joseph P. Henley, Trevillian Station, Va. Richard Fitzgerald, Winchester, Va. John Trevor, Winchester, Va. 6th Cavalry. Captains. William P. Sanders, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Knoxville, Tenn. Charles R. Lowell, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Middletown, Va. First Lieutenants. Peter McGrath, Apache Canon, N. M. Isaac M. Ward, Beverly Ford, Va. Christian Balder, Gettysburg, Pa. Thomas W. Simson, wounds received in battle. Andrew Stoll, Beverly Ford, Va. Second Lieutenant. Hugh Mcguade, Bull Run, Va. 1st Artillery. Captain. Lewis O. Morris, Col. Vols., Cold Harbor, Va. First Lieutenants. Douglas Ramsay, ist Bull Run, Va. Edward B. Hill, White Oak Swamp, Va. Justin E. Dimick, Chancellorsville, Va. Edmund Kirby, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Chancellorsville, Va. George A. Woodruff, Gettysburg, Pa. Philip D. Mason, Trevillian Station, Va. AT WEST POINT 123 Second Lieutenant. James A. Sanderson, Pleasant Hill, La. 2d Artillery. Captain. Henry Benson, Malvern Hill, Va. First Lieutenant. John T. Greble, Big Bethel, Va. Second Lieutenants. Presley O. Craig, ist Bull Run, Va. Thomas Burnes, Hatcher's Run, Va. Samuel D. Southworth, Cedar Creek, Va. 3d Artillery. Second Lieutenants. William D'Wolf, Williamsburg, Va.' Manning Livingston, Gettysburg, Pa. Robert Floyd, Chickamauga, Ga. 4th Artillery. Captain. George W. Hazzard, White Oak Swamp, Va. First Lieutenants. William L. Baker, Antietam, Md. George Dickinson, Fredericksburg, Va. Franklin B. Crosby, Chancellorsville, Va. Bayard Wilkeson, Gettysburg, Pa. Alonzo H. Cushing, Gettysburg, Pa. 124 THE BATTLE MONUMENT 5th Artillery. Major. Thomas Williams, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Baton Rouge, La. Captains. William R. Terrill, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Perry ville, Ky. John R. Smead, zd Bull Run, Va. Henry V. De Hart, Gaines's Mill, Va. Stephen H. Weed, .Brig. -Gen. Vols., Gettysburg, Pa. First Lieutenants. Henry W. Kingsbury, Antietam, Md. Charles E. Hazlett, Gettysburg, Pa. Howard M. Burnham, Chickamauga, Ga. Second Lieutenants. William W. Williams, Boonsboro, Md. Henry M. Baldwin, Cedar Creek, Va. 1st Infantry. Capt. James E. Powell, Shiloh, Tenn. Second Lieut. Charles Wilkins, Vicksburg, Miss. 2d Infantry. Colonel. Dixon S. Miles, Harper's Ferry, Va. Captains. Nathaniel Lyon, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Wilson's Creek, Mo. Salem S. Marsh, Chancellorsville, Va. Richard Brindley, Gaines's Mill, Va. Samuel A. McKee, Greenwich, Va. AT WEST POINT 125 First Lieutenants. Frank C. Goodrich, Gettysburg, Pa. Ralph E. Ellinwood, 2d Bull Run, Va. Second Lieutenants. Thomas D. Parker, Gaines's Mill, Va. William Kidd, zd Bull Run, Va. 3d Infantry. Major. Nathan B. Russell, Gaines's Mill, Va. First Lieutenant. Woods McGuire, Malvern Hill, Va. 4th Infantry. Major. Seneca G. Simmons, Glendale, Va. Captains. Julius W. Adams, Gaines's Mill, Va. Charles H. Brightly, Wilderness, Va. First Lieutenant. Ira F. Gensel, Fredericksburg, Va. 5th Infantry. Colonel. John F. Reynolds, Maj.-Gen. Vols., Gettysburg, Pa. Captain. Benjamin Wingate, Valverde, N. M. 126 THE BATTLE MONUMENT First Lieutenant. Lyman Mishler, Valverde, N. M. 6th Infantry. Colonel. Edward A. King, Chickamauga, Ga. Captain. Rennselaer W. Foote, Games' s Mill, Va. 7th Infantry. Captain. George Ryan, Laurel Hill, Va. First Lieutenants. Wesley F. Miller, Gettysburg, Pa. Richard R. Crawford, Gettysburg, Pa. Frederick E. Grossman, Weldon Railroad, Va. 8th Infantry. Majors. Joseph B. Plummer, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Wilson's Creek, Mo. David A. Russell, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Opequan, Va. First Lieutenant. Otis Fisher, Poplar Spring Church, Va. loth Infantry. Captains. Jesse A. Gove, Col. Vols., Chickahominy, Va. William G. Jones, Col. Vols., Chickamauga, Ga. AT WEST POINT 127 First Lieutenants. William J. Fisher, Gettysburg, Pa. Richard Skinner, Petersburg, Va. Second Lieutenants. Michael C. Boyce, Gettysburg, Pa. James Henry, Wilderness, Va. nth Infantry. Captain. Thomas O. Barri, Gettysburg, Pa. First Lieutenants. Herbert Kenaston, Gettysburg, Pa. Matthew Elder, Gettysburg, Pa. Wright Staples, Wilderness, Va. Charles I. Pleasants, Wilderness, Va. James P. Pratt, Bethesda Church, Va. Second Lieutenants. Henry Rochford, Gettysburg, Pa. Amaziah J. Barber, Gettysburg, Pa. 12th Infantry. Major. Luther B. Bruen, Laurel Hill, Va. Captains. John G. Read, zd Bull Run, Va. Thomas M. Hulings, Spottsylvania Court House, Va. Samuel S. Newbury, Weldon Railroad, Va. Frederick Winthrop, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Vols., Five Forks, Va. William Sergeant, Gravelly Run, Va. iz8 THE BATTLE MONUMENT First Lieutenants. Jean P. Wagner, Wilderness, Va. August Eggemeyer, Bethesda Church, Va. Thomas D. Urmston, Chapel House, Va. Second Lieutenants. Charles F. Van Duzer, Gaines's Mill, Va. Silas A. Miller, Gettysburg, Pa. 13th Infantry. Captains. Edward C. Washington, Vicksburg, Miss. Archibald H. Engle, Resaca, Ga. Cornelius W. Tolles, Newton, Va. First Lieutenant. Justus A. Boies, Vicksburg, Miss. 14th Infantry. Captains. Patrick E. Burke, Col. Vols., Rome Cross Roads, Ga. Roderic Stone, Valverde, N. M. Sullivan W. Burbank, Wilderness, Va. Hamlin W. Keyes, Spottsylvania Court House, Va. James F. McElhone, Bvt. Lieut.-CoL, Gaines's Mill, Va. First Lieutenants. Warren W. Chamberlain, zd Bull Run, Va. Daniel M. Broadhead, Wilderness, Va. Second Lieutenants. George W. Hoover, Gaines's Mill, Va. John K. Clay, Spottsylvania Court House, Va. Thomas E. Collins, Wilderness, Va. AT WEST POINT 129 15th Infantry. Captains. William W. Wise, Stone River, Tenn. Jacob B. Bell, Stone River, Tenn. Charles G. Marker, Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. Second Lieutenant. Joseph C. Forbes, New Hope Church, Ga. i6th Infantry. Major. Sidney Coolidge, Chickamauga, Ga. Captains. William H. Acker, Shiloh, Tenn. George N. Bascom, Valverde, N. M. Patrick T. Keyes, Shiloh, Tenn. Alexander Hays, Brig. -Gen. Vols., Wilderness, Va. Patrick Kelly, Col. Vols., Petersburg, Va. First Lieutenants. Edward L. Mitchell, Shiloh, Tenn. Homer H. Clark, Chickamauga, Ga. Second Lieutenant. Peter J. Coenzler, Mission Ridge, Tenn. iyth Infantry. Captains. Albert Dodd, Gaines's Mill, Va. Henry J. McLandburgh, Fredericksburg, Va. William J. Temple, Chancellorsville, Va. Alexander Wilkin, Col. Vols., Tupelo, Miss. 9 1 30 THE BATTLE MONUMENT First Lieutenants. Charles T. Weld, Chancellorsville, Va. William H. Chamberlin, Gettysburg, Pa. Edward S. Abbot, Gettysburg, Pa. Frank E. Stimpson, Laurel Hill, Va. John T. Dowling, Laurel Hill, Va. i8th Infantry. Captains. Charles E. Denison, Murfreesboro, Tenn. Charles L. Kneass, Murfreesboro, Tenn. John A. Thompson, Hoover's Gap, Tenn. First Lieutenants. James Simons, Murfreesboro, Tenn. Joseph McConnell, Murfreesboro, Tenn. Charles L. Truman, Chickamauga, Ga. Lucius F. Brown, Chickamauga, Ga. Second Lieutenants. John F. Hitchcock, Murfreesboro, Tenn. John Lane, Chickamauga, Ga. igth Infantry. Majors. Stephen D. Carpenter, Murfreesboro, Tenn. George L. Willard, Col. Vols., Gettysburg, Pa. First Lieutenant. Michael B. Fogarty, Chickamauga, Ga. Second Lieutenant. Charles F. Miller, Chickamauga, Ga. OF THB UNIVERSITY ENLISTED MEN. Battalion of Engineers. Private Thomas Berry Martin C. Kehoe Ordnance Corps. Carriage-maker Henry Thesang Signal Corps. Sergeant John Corrigan Private Philip W. Ashton Amos P. Barnes Abraham E. Borden Andrew P. Cobb Alexander McCollim General Service. Private Thomas Ronon 1st U. S. Cavalry. First Sergeant Henry Montraville Frederick Papp Sergeant Jasper R, Boyles 132 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Thomas J. Clark Edwin Chutland James Kelly Adolph Meyer Thomas Montgomery William Mulcahy Charles Oertel James Rathburn James A. Samo Corporal Henry C. Albert William T. Bennett Samuel A. Carr William H. Cole George A. Cullison John Hall James T. Holt Peter Latti Thomas Leary John Mallen Michael Mulcahy Jacob McAtee James O'Connor Charles A. Tankersly Charles Pfil Lucius F. Walden Adam Ziegler Blacksmith Timothy Muldowny Farrier Andrew Van Camp Bugler William H. Burritt Musician Frank Dawson Private Hubbard Babcock John Beacon Samuel Bell William Blumhardt AT WEST POINT 133 John B. Brown Elijah Comstock Jacob Deeds Mark Dolby August Echolett Henry S. Fetrow William Gallop John A. Gibbons Joseph Hagin George Hannon Warren F. Hedges Frederick Hensinger Charles Hoffman Nelson Johnson James Kearney William Kellier Lewis Ladue John J. Livingston Daniel Lynch Martin V. Mathewson John McCafferty James McHugh Hugh Meegan Henry Miller William J. Mincen William Monroe John Normoyle John A. O' Carroll George Ott William Peter John Radeford Charles Reinstein James Rodgers William Scott 9 A i 3 4 THE BATTLE MONUMENT John Smith John M. Smith Samuel Stinebarger Jacob Steinhauser John R. Sulivan Thomas Thews Peter Welgong John F. Zeitler 2d U. S. Cavalry. First Sergeant Ephriam Adams Henry Kinzler Sergeant Martin Bailey James Carr John D. Dunbar Christian Fisher James Hanna Andrew Moore Charles Vanmeter Corporal John C. Annis John Buckhardt Stephen Hogan William H. Keiger Truman King Patrick Morglu Luke Ollis Albert Roe Edward Shuhey Peter B. Worden Martin Zimmer Saddler David C. Dinim Wilhelm Oleker Bugler John Robinson Private Richard F. Ambrose AT WEST POINT 135 Joseph Anderson John Barrington John Blael Emil Briede Ariel C. Chapin Thomas Clark John Conover Samuel A. Cook William Cooper Thomas Corbeth Andrew B. Couch James Courtney Daniel Crimmins James Dean Daniel Denison John Driscoll Joseph Eckels Rudolph Engel James Ferris Philip Fitzsimons Charles Frick Michael Gahe Edward Gorman Harvey D. Haynes Leo Henze Frederic Hood George Hozzell Frederick Kauffman William Kline Patrick McArdle John McCullough Thomas McTague Rodney A. Manning Andrew L. Metts 136 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Michael Mooney Patrick Murray Michael O'Brien John Philips Thomas N. Prentice James Levens Patrick Rhatigan James Ruseher Charles Smith Samuel E. Smith John T. Thompson James Tryon Charles W. Uber Charles Williams 30* U. S. Cavalry. Sergeant Thomas M. Brierley John J. Knox Francis O'Cain Corporal James E. Brophey Thomas Hughes Bugler Albert Shott Musician Henry Ebert Private Peter Beatty Theodore Braun Edward Carey William J. Dake Edward Doyle John Finn Bartley Folan James Hughes John Lane John Ludwig James McDougal AT WEST POINT 137 Patrick Scanlon Thomas Sharda Eli W. Smith Samuel Smith Erley P. Turman William E. Wade John Weckesser John H. Westervelt 4tb U. S. Cavalry. Sergeant John Carmichael Martin Murphy John Rankin Joseph B. Richmond James Walsh Corporal Martin Birmingham Patrick Cuddehy Phelix Cullan Frederick Hall Frederick W. Klein George Phillips Stephen Wetzberger Farrier Alexander Millright zd Class Musician Frederick Shafer Alfred S. Toy Private Frank Bars John Baum Bartholomew Burke George Cassell Commodore P. Cole Charles Cowarden Patrick Craven David Daugherty Robert P. Doyle 138 THE BATTLE MONUMENT John Entwhistle Napoleon M. King Andrew J. Mahoney Daniel McDonell James Orange Archibald B. Orr John Parsons Levi L. Pettitt Friend Pratt Henry J. Preas Fretrick Rhyman Philip H. Sailer William Sawyer Adolph Stettler Rodger Stokes Patrick Tracy Nathan Writhe Colored Cook Jackson Kelley Jib U. S. Cavalry. Sergeant Thomas Barrett John Doherty Franklin S. Ginginer Henry Hedrick Corporal Charles E. Asher David Courtney George T. Crawford Aquilla Hart Michael Howard James H. Oliver Lewis J. Robage Musician Christopher Buermann Bugler Edward Feldhiene Private Ira K. Bailey AT WEST POINT 139 Benni D. Bailey John Bigmone Clarence O. Bingen John C. Burk George Burrhus Michael Canton Walter R. Covington Francis Croal John Curran Edward Dolan Domian Erne Patrick Galliger Peter Gillasper Samuel Gindrat Francis Hogan William Johns Patrick Kenny William H. King William Larison James Lason William H. Lazier Gustaf Lindell Thomas Miller Preston O. Morse Charles Olens Alexander Rayner David F. Roberts Barney Ryan Charles W. Sanders Jacob Schneider John Schlotterer George Segerer John Siepe Vinton T. Swallow THE BATTLE MONUMENT William Talday Edmond Whelan William W. Wright Recruit Jacob Schlichter 6tb U. S. Cavalry. Sergeant William Ellsworth Miles L. Ten Eyck James McCallister John Pattinson Frank Schweigus Corporal William Alexander Alonzo Ellsworth John H. Erb John Manice David C. Oby Saddler Robert McElroy Bugler Edson S. Cooke Private George D. Bartlett George Beckert Henry Borden William A. Boyntion Charles Croissant Patrick Doyle Henry Eisle James Evans Edward Falkner John Fisher James W. Gillispie Lyman W. Hale Joshua Heakin Christian F. Hildenbrand Abel A. Irish James King AT WEST POINT 141 Conrad Klein Thomas Lee William D. Masters William L. Mattern Lue Merkle Francis M. Miller Lewis Negler Charles O'Harra Nathaniel B. Owen Thomas J. Peterman Jacob Poet Nelson Remmington William R. Reynolds David A. Thaburn William H. Thomas William Vandevender Joseph F. Vanzant Spencer Viall * Samuel Wilson 1st U. S. Artillery. Sergeant Alfred J. Carber Thomas Kirnan Edward F. McNamara Henry Rukert Corporal William Ferguson John W. Mahany Musician John S. Blaney Private James Allen James Allum Christian A. Andler Charles Baker Michael Barrey William Bates 142 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Edward Beavin Henry Bergmann John Buckley Patrick Broderick James Campbell Rowland Card John Casey Daniel B. Chase Philip Clarke Daniel B. Cofrin John Connellan Charles Cooley Daniel Curly Michael Dillon John Donoghue Richard Forsyth Edward Gallwey Jacob Gilb James Gilmore John Gray Arsenal H. Griffin Edward Grove Martin Halloran Rollin E. Hartwell Andrew Hauss Horace Holmes John Hopkins Daniel Hough Frank E. Houghton John Irvin Patrick Kerrigan James Killion John King Abraham LaFayette AT WEST POINT 143 James Little Samuel J. Lewis John J. Mackey John Marklein Henry Miles Patrick McGuinity James R. Mooney Andrew McLeer George A. Nutter 9 Shako O'Brien Thomas Padgett Joseph H. Parslow Henry Platt Frederick Renard Charles Rivers John Roache George Royce Robert Rummler John Shafer John Shea William H. Smith August Stein John Stoltz Peter Struthers James B. Terney James F. Wheeler William H. Whitehouse John C. Wood William S. Worcester 2d U. S. Artillery. First Sergeant William Scott Sergeant Samuel Bellinger Herman O. Gotz or THK UNIVERSITY i 4 4 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Corporal George D. Cook Josiah Steele Private Franklin F. Allen Charles Ammerman William Baird Garrett Barry Henry Beck John Bergamin Adolphus Bhoy John Campbell William Cope Martin Corbet Hugh Donaghue William Finley Henry Foster Vandy Franklin Martin Gilroy William H. Grover William Guth Randolph Hand George Hang Arthur Hardes John Hitz Henry Horstman Jacob Huber William Lacumber Patrick Loughery Joseph Margery Charles Mathers Emmore Moore Michael S. Moriarty John E. Mowrer Timothy McSweeny John B. Norris AT WEST POINT 145 Silvester Parker Richard Powers John Prisen Philip Reehil Charles Ritchie George W. Ritchmond John W. Semline Daniel Spane John W. Them Augustus Van Dwingle Oliver Wren 3d U. S. Artillery. Sergeant Robert Ames Bugler John W. Sarguson Private Jacob Altheer Ackerman Anderson Mathew Ashton Alfred Barnard Benjamin Bayliss George C. Bentley Henry Boothbey William Brown Charles W. Carlton Denis Carroll John Clifford Michael Conroy Andrew Cooley James George Amos Y. Harry Arthur Hughes William H. Hurlbut Francis M. Hutchings Charles A. Kratka 146 THE BATTLE MONUMENT James King Bernard Laughran John Malone Dennis Murphy John Mclntyre Sylvester Nordike Charles H. Pinkham Henry Reinschoss Rudolph Richner James Rice James H. Riddel Henry Schaffer Jeremiah Shehan Charles H. Taylor Augustus Tainter Perry S. White Michael Woods William Wright 4tb U. S. Artillery. Sergeant Samuel L. Buell Charles Ellis Andrew Fay Joseph Herzog Corporal Frederick Bright Theodore L. Williamson Artificer Dennis Maloney Bugler David R. Patrick Private Benjamin Anderson William Anderson Christian Aungst Richard Bannin John Brown John Burns AT WEST POINT 147 Jeremiah Butler Joseph A. Campbell Reuben A. Gary Cosmas M. Cecil Jacob Defren Bartholomew Dempsey Edward E. Doran Andrew Dougherty Edward Dunne Bryan Charles Eagar John Edgecombe Henry Elmer William E. Emory Francis Enright Ansel Fassett Adolph Freitag Franz A. Fugmann Henry Geary Shelby Gray John Grennin Dwight F. Griswold George Haffner George W. Hall John Hickey Charles F. Hoefer Patrick Hogan Samuel C. Hooker William M. Howard William Kavanagh Bartly Kelly Peter Kelly Ellis A. Kingsbury Timothy Larry Andrew J. Lowe 1 48 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Henry P. Lyons John Marley John Mayberry William McNeal David A. Meneilly Andrew F. Missimer James Murphy Lewis Murphy Patrick O'Connor Willis H. Patrick William Patton Ervin L. Pepper Samuel Powell Luke Roach Reuben Rowley Gustavus Sachse Patrick Savage Martin Scanlon Paul Schur Frank Scudder Peter Schutzle John Sheahan Franz Smith Henry Strait James Thompson William Travillion Norbare B. Walcott Thomas Wallace Edward H. Ward Edward D. West William H. Williams George W. Yapp AT WEST POINT 149 5tb U. S. Artillery. Sergeant David Cain Bickel Frederick O'Donnell James Scanlon Corporal John Philip Edwin Brader John Coushmaghnan Thomas Davison Martin Dooley Michael Graham George W. Houk William Kirkwood Michael McGrath Charles V. Osborn Artificer Jonathan Robeson Private Alexander Allen John Allen John Andrews Eugene Brower Charles Burger James Carrell Robert Chamberlin Thomas Cleary John B. Cochran John Collins Joseph Cooper John Costello James Cullen Frederick Deasonbach Bernard Des Gouttes Michael Driscoll John Duffy Christian Enzlan Charles Geiger Jacob Gobriel IOA 150 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Thomas Green Lewis C. Griswold Henry Harris Francis Harrison George Helshaw Jesaias M. Heydt Martin Higgins James Hoobler David T. Howard Henry Jersey Adonija Jewell. Dennis Kennedy Samuel W. Laffefty Thomas Maloney James Mathews Robert Morrison Francis Mourey James F. McAulis Martin McFadden James McGlindon John McMahon John Munhall William Naylor Peter Nugent James O'Brien Michael O'Donnell Henry Owens Frank Packard Ash ford Painter Benjamin Putt Frederick A. Reig Henry Ripley Samuel Rodenberger Louis Row AT WEST POINT 151 Thomas C. Stone Peter Sharrow George Shafer John Searfoss Daniel E. Sickles Jacob J. Snyder Edwin H. Taylor Leander Taylor James Turner Joseph W. Tuttle Andrew Wagner Denis Walks John Walsh Thomas Worts ist U. S. Infantry. Sergeant Joseph T. Nichols Willis B. Worth Corporal George I. Doller Henry Harbold Private Jacob Baehr Adam Brangle Edward Brawn Patrick Daniel James Doig Samuel Furter Sylvester Johnson John Johnston John Kerns Ferdinand Knaut August Kruger William Lazarus George W. Lee John Long 152 THE BATTLE MONUMENT John Lynch Daniel Murray William McGann Joseph A. Mciyiullan Timothy Neligan Edward O'Donnell William Peacock James Pinkerton John Res William F. Rock Napoleon Sherzinger Jacob Stahlman Adam Sturm fels 2d U. S. Infantry. >- First Sergeant Rudolph Thieme Sergeant Thomas S. Camp Werner Jahres Thomas Madigan Rudolph Zimmerman Corporal George Butler William H. Butler William Carney Ezra C. French John Fullbright James Kelly Frederick Kousenmiller Patrick Rourke Musician Theodore A. Miller Private William Bankhouse William L. Barnes Lawrence Belfour Michael Bogan William J. Bond AT WEST POINT 153 John Bradly Robert Brown George W. Bush Terence Carroll Francis R. Chesbro Charles C. Cleaver John Cooly John Cooper Thomas Cosgrove Thomas E. Donnellan Michael Donnelly James Eugene George D. Fenner William Fitch Michael Gonzel Adam Groh John Hare Useb Harper Louis Hartman Michael Heath Charles A. Hedges William Heuratty Peter Hickey Walter Hill William Hunter William Johnson Peter Kelly James Kenny John Kenney Leslie Laporte William Loyd James Mackle John Magarry William Malony 154 THE BATTLE MONUMENT David Martin James Meehan August Meyer Nicholas McDonough Stephen McGinnity Peter McNulty Augustus Mier James McGinn William H. Nixon Christian Orb Maurice Pepper George Reynolds Lucus Rittler James E. Rugers Austin Sadler John Selinon James Sheehan Joseph Shupfer Godfrey Smith Henry Smith Augustus Stahl Joseph Theiring James Trainer Frank Uhrman N. D. Van Ormun Francis Vanston Michael Walsh Patrick Welch John Wells John Weston Richard White John Willis Patrick Woods Homer Young AT WEST POINT 155 ^d U. S. Infantry. First Sergeant Francis P. Litzinger Corporal Charles H. Canwell Harry Loraine Malcolm J. Montford John Toner Private Nicholas Applebury James Beaty Gilbert H. Beverly Peter Bingel John Brennan James County Thomas Dalton David Dreakes Robert Furlong John A. Gale Michael Groustine Robert Haley William S. Holmes Frederick Jansen Benjamin F. Kellog Thomas Kennedy Maurice Knopfmacher Caspard Kupferk Mathew Lodin Charles F. Long John Murrey Patrick McDonald John McManamin John Pyne Philip Rodel Luke Shaughnessy Michael J. Smith Patrick Sullivan 156 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Peter Sullivan Patrick Tighe Mark White Edward M. Williams 4th U. S. Infantry. Sergeant Timb Doherty John Flynn Louis Planmann John Riely John J. Strain Corporal Michael McGarvey William O'Brien German Restell James Rogerson Private Christian Albert Ernest A. C. Aschemoor William Bonner Bernard Brady Randall H. Brunning Charles Caldwell James M. Carroll Michael Carroll Frederick Case Richard Casey John Christensen Uriah W. Clark Thomas Conlin Bernhard Douch Christian Engers Charles T. Fox Henry Grazier William Hamilton William Harnett TIN AT WEST POINT 157 William G. Harper John Kahear George Lemaine Patrick Masterson Bernard McCue James McDonald Roger McDonald Daniel L. McGinn Peter McManaman -David Meredith David Miller Michael McCue Michael McGuire James O'Dowd Gottlieb Ott John Patterson Thomas Peters Isaac Rice John Rourke Bennet Robinson Edward Simpson Warner R. Thompson Andreas Waker U. S. Infantry. First Sergeant Luther Sheppard Sergeant John Stewart Corporal Simon Rothschild Henry Schlutter Private John Ford Nicholas Hayes Joseph Hudson Patrick Hughes Andres Kinnberger 158 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Thomas Leary Jacob Levy John Murphy John Pollock Francis Richard John Sands George A. Smith 6tb U. S. Infantry. First Sergeant Julius Thetard Sergeant Patrick Weare Corporal Owen Leonard James L. Lovett Herman Westhus Private Thomas Ainsworth William Brown James Campbell Cornelius Collins James Contoit John Cook Charles Costello John Donoghue James Dunlap William Fenton Frederick H. Hicks Thomas Jackson Patrick Kiernan Barney Lafferty Cornelius Leo John Mahony Patrick Mullen Charles F. Niemetz Patrick O'Keeffe Joseph L. Pinkham AT WEST POINT 159 William L. Rutherford Ransom B. Russell Christian F. Schmidtzer Henry Schultz John Sullivan John Wilson Jtb U. S. Infantry. Sergeant William James James M. Rockwell Timothy Sullivan Corporal Gustavus Percy John P. Rumbel Private Thomas Arnold John C. Ashton John A. Bishop Thomas Carey John C. Connolly William H. Curtis John Douglas John Ellard John Fitzgerald Joseph Folgen Charles Forrest Julius Furgeson Eugene F. Gibbins Michael Gill Thomas Gilling Alexander Gillon John H. Jack Cyrus Junkins Emile M. Kahn John Keenan Peter Keim 160 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Thomas Lawlare Harvey Lary John Liebrich Joseph C. Labadie William A. Mason John Mee William Muller Bernard McBride Peter McCue James McDonald James Nolan Edward Nugent James O'Briene James Reilly Pixlee Sherwood George Smith Patrick Smith Philip Shoemaker John Teahan William Wilson Frederick Winscher 8tb U. S. Infantry. Private James Adams William Bailey James Cunningham Robert Boyle George O. Curtis William Dougharty William Gurl John Hanley Michael Hoag John Latimer Martin Molarcky AT WEST POINT 161 Christian W. Shafer William Waldov Qtb U. S. Infantry. (None) loth U. S. Infantry. First Sergeant James Carroll William K. Davis John Kelly Sergeant Daniel C. Ballard Herman Buiter Thomas Corcoran Michael Finnaughty Able Johnston Corporal James Craig John A. Crotty Thomas H. Crotty Charles Fischer George W. Green Robert Hayes Charles Smith Low D. Webb Private Rudolph Arndt John Battersbee Francis Blake Thomas Brady John C. Brown Patrick Burke Darby Burns Hazimier Canomski Carl Christiansen Francis M. Cleary Peter Collins i6z THE BATTLE MONUMENT Michael Crogan Albert J. Cross Wesley Dailey James Daley John E. Davis Frank Depoire Edwin Eeney Michael Feeney Thomas Fitzpatrick Richard Gregg George Harris Matthew Harrison Henry Heine John Henderson George W. Hicks John Hoggan John Igo Hugh Jeffery Stephen Jennings Israel L. Jones Mathew Kelly Thomas Kelly Michael Kennedy Joseph Kremer Owen Mahoney Andrew Marshal James Marx George Meins Frederick Miller Samuel Miller John B. Montgomery Owen McGorman Patrick McDonell Peter McKenny AT WEST POINT 163 Frank Nelson Michael Neville John Noonan Joseph Odgers Michael O'Keefe John C. Orwig John Parker Eail Payne John Reichling Jacob Rife Emil Rotwitt Henry Ruhr William Schweer Henry Schwep John Wesley Smith John D. Steel Oliver P. Stewart Edward Walsh Charles W. Washburn Recruit William H. Potter nth U. S. Infantry. First Sergeant Thomas O'Connor John Remsen Sergeant John P. Birmingham Edward Britt, Jr. . Frank W. Clock Alfred E. Cook William C. Fitzgerald Patrick Fitzmorris Henry Clay Ford Francis Fuchs James Henry William H. Keys 164 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Samuel Murphy H. M. Reed William H. Thomas Corporal James B. F. Adams Josiah S. Estabrook James M. Fleming Pulaski Jerome Ephraim Sands William P. Woodworth William Wylie Private Albert Anderson Albert Ankerson George A. Annis Robert R. Armstrong John L. Arnold Joseph Bissonnette Michael H. Bock Charles W. Bodman George J. Brown Henry Brown Michael Carew James D. Cavenagh John Clahane John Conway Philip Corrigan John Creardon Michael Curley Mark Dempsey Napoleon Dubue Elias A. Dunkelberg Albert P. Eagle Alfred Esset George W. Fales Patrick Fallon AT WEST POINT 165 James Farrell Michael Fitzgibbon John Flangherty Jeremiah Ford Louis Fuchs Benjamin F. Garland Gedeon Germain John Goff John Hanna Solomon Hannant Charles Horton George Jacobs Otho Jenkins Darwin Johnson James Kelley John Keenan Jonas Keim Thomas Kennedy Thomas W. Laurence George LaMountain Henry Lasinger Henry L. Leighton Timothy Lowry Thomas Mallon Albert Mattice William Mears Gottlieb Metsger John Miller James F. Mitchell Patrick Molloy James Moonay Casimire Morain John T. Myers John McCluskey HA 1 66 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Alcott D. McKeen Charles McElroy Private John O'Keefe Richard Parsons Andrew W. Perkins John H. Ransom Henry Reals William Rising John Roach Stapylton Robinson George Ryan Thomas F. Ryan George Scott Andreas Selyelie Frank Sheldon James L. Sholes George J. Simpson William I. Sloan Oliver J. Stork Levi Strickland Hubert Stone William Sullivan William H. Sullivan James Sweeney Henry Thron Charles H. Tinker Willard Twichell George Vanbuskirk William Walace Charles Watkins Virgil I. Wheeler Luke White David Wright Amos B. Wilcox Charles Wilson AT WEST POINT 167 I2tb U. S. Infantry. First Sergeant Richard Blakely Kasper Dusmann Thomas Earley Sergeant Peter Black William A. Eichelberger Charles Meeks Joseph Morrison Valentine B. Oaks Hugh Rogers Michael Shannahan Corporal Ithamer Barbur William H. Brundage Charles E. Dunn Morgan Flanders John B. McLaughlin James M. Nelson William Over Francis Tracey Samuel J. Walton George M. Wark Joel White Ludwig Wittstock Private George Abender James Aiken Charles Andrus William Armstrong Joseph Ashborne Patrick Ayres William D. Baldwin Anthony Barrett Solomon Bell John Biggs Benjamin F. Black Justin S. Booth i68 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Anthony Bush Ezra Carter James Cassidy Joseph Champlain John Chard Aurora S. Chatfield John Clark Patrick Crawford . George Comstock John Currie Jacob P. Cutright James T. Davis Michael Donavan Hiram Dunning William Dushon Levi Eells Solomon Eldridge Patrick Gartland Eugene Gerard Philip Glessner John Gray Samuel Green Edward M. Hammond William Hannegan George M. Harrington John Higgins Charles Hinniker William H. Hoffman Samuel Hyland Martin James Jacob Johnson Reuben Kelley Daniel Kenney Christopher Kimbley AT WEST POINT 169 George W. Kinney Edward Kirwin Edward Kiser Benjamin F. Lee Adrian Lucas Thomas Lyons Edward Maloney Stephen Markham Hugh McGowen Alexander McMillen Patrick Meagher Isaac Mellin Henry C. Mereness John Moles Thomas Morgan Levi Morway David D. Moser Edward McCann John McManus George Neeger James O' Conner William O'Grady Jonathan Oliver Andrew O'Neil Albert Parker George H. Patterson . Alonson Pearce Martin Pringle Patrick Quigley Thomas Richards William Riley Joseph Robbe Frank Schiffmacher John L. Shackelford ; THK 1 70 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Charles Shaile Charles Shellhert James M. Sivine LaFayette G. Smith David Stancleft Edward N. Stewart Edgar I. Town Lewis Ward Frank Watier George Werner George Whiting Noah Wickersham John Wilkie Zule Witsel Charles Wright John Wyne ijtb U. S. Infantry. Sergeant-Major George W. Steever First Sergeant Frank Dilworth Sergeant James E. Browne Charles H. Ludlow John C. Matthews Milo J. Somers Jesse B. Webster Corporal Edward Maher Daniel T. Payne Asahel Skinner Robert H. Slate Henry Yank Musician George Haney Private Richard Bailey John Beringer Jacob H. Bumgardner AT WEST POINT 171 Clark Burris Thomas Cassidy William H. Clair Joseph C. Cramer John Danaha Thatcher O. Danforth Alonzo S. Eaton Dennis Flynn John Gillespie John Glancy Edward Hamilton John Hampson William H. H. Harrison Alfred Hastings Asaph K. Hildreth Christopher Hite Anton Jeager George H. Johnson John C. Kimble Augustus G. Laban John Lamer Daniel Lienhardt Henry Lurink John Maggert William Miller Charles H. Mooers James Nash Richard H. Palmer Frank Roberts Gottfred Rocht Charles Schroeder William P. Sims Thomas Warner Charles Wheaton THE BATTLE MONUMENT Michael Winn Edward D. Wood I4tb U. S. Infantry. First Sergeant Joseph Stengele Sergeant John F. Barnes John Doyle John Collins Albert Funke Jesse A. Ingersoll Francis L. Theremin Albert M. Welles James Williams Thomas F. Wise Corporal William H. H. Barnhart Joel Edmund Benton Francis Burchard John Burke Daniel Cavanagh Lewis F. Colton William A. Fay Gustav Fomm James Green Milles Jamerson John Laffin George Meyers William H. Reed Augustus S. Vogintz James Worrell Private William U. Aid John W. Allen James A. Alexander Abram Baker Marion Bartholf AT WEST POINT 1?3 Lewis Berkfelt John Bonaparte William J. Boyle Warner Brown Edward Burns Harrison Carkin Samuel Carnes Patrick Cassidy Hiram Cole Parker C. Colladay George Compton Patrick Cooney Nathaniel B. Copp Arthur Cosgrove Paul S. Crosby John Gushing Gurdin B. Dart John Davidson Patrick Degnan Thomas Diamon Michael Donohue William Driesbach Dennis Driscoll John M. Easby James Eagin Hector Fan ton John Farrell Charles Fees John Fitzgerald John Foley Henry Francis Robert Franey Dudley Gordon James Gordon 174 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Samuel W. Goodall Frederick Grasper John Green Allen Hadley William D. Hammonds Thomas Hannah William Harris James Hart Hiram Haynes John C. Heath Jackson Henion Barney Horan John L. Horton Edmund W. Howard Horace P. Howd Andrew J. Hughes John Jefferies William Jenner Moses Jones Henry Keast Tracy A. Kellogg Albert Kendall Christopher Klenk Duncan Langmuir Patrick Larkin Michael Ledwitch Byron Loomis Andrew Love David Loyall Charles Lucua Martin Luhtz Dennis Martin Nicholas W. Millis John McAlpine AT WEST POINT 175 Arthur McCune John McDonald Thomas McDonald James McManus John McSorley Peter Millmore James Minogue Walter Moll James Morrison Thomas Murray John Mooney Thomas Mulligan Hiram Newman Thomas Noonen Charles O' Conner Patrick O'Neill Edwin G. Osgood Joshua Peck Sidney R. Peterson Charles N. Phillips Patrick Power William Prescott Ezra Prindle David Regan Oliver Robbins Hiram B. Robinson Martin Roney Charles Schirmer Ozias Shank Thomas E. Sheets Richard Simpkins Simon Singerling George Slade George Smith 176 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Samuel S. Smith John Smith Henry Snider George Stadler Edson Stevens Frederick Stevens William H. Swartz Robert Swindells James Trusdell George F. Turner Ezra Vallean Edward Vining . Mark Ward George Watson Sidney Way John Weik Erastus D. Woodman Playford Woods U. S. Infantry. First Sergeant Edward Cummings Charles Kelling Sergeant William H. Benson Peter Byrnes Peter Hartz John G. Hughes John Kanable Edward Quinn Corporal Augustus Brown Daniel Butler John Carr Charles Wesley Chessroun * Samuel T. Davis J. Henry Ferris AT WEST POINT Thomas M. Irwin William McDonald Thomas Price Musician Patrick Burns Private Robert Adams Mathias Akerman Jacob Aumiller John Bawer Jonathan Blaker Franklin Blanz David Bowman Chester Brown Isaac Bubb Archelaus Card Joseph A. Cellar Andrew J. Collins William E. Coyn John Cradle Henry Darwood Isaac Debore Isaac Detwiler Enoch Dunham Andrew Duttry Thomas Findly Samuel Finley Elias Fissel Patrick Fits John Frank Ithiner Gatton Benjamin Geph Gustave Gericke Peter Gilooly Jesse B. Goodsell Elias K. Gruver 178 THE BATTLE MONUMENT David Hartz William M. Hatch Henry M. Hayden Lawrence Hayes Thomas Hegan William Hennicy Jacob Hexamer Edward Higley William H. Hoover Robert M. Horner Robert Howell Vincent Jester David Jones William Kappel William Ambrose King Harrison Kinney Emanuel Kritzer Joseph T. R. Lamb William Leiby James H. Lemon Francis M. LeRoy Isaiah Lomison John Marrs John Marshall John W. Marshgrove Christian F. Matznick John Mauk Samuel Mehaffey Franklin Meson John Murphy William McCall Florence McCarty James H. McDowell Daniel McGowan AT WEST POINT 179 James McKinley Robert Miller Edward Moran Michael McCabe Patrick McDonald Daniel Neely Samuel Newcomb Cyrus Newman Jeremiah Nichols Samuel G. Nunveller Joshua W. Patten David Perry Joshua M. Prevost Farrel Queenan Suton B. Quin Robert Raison Alex. C. Ramsey Daniel Reichart Josephus Reis Benjamin Riddle Edward Rogers Hamilton W. C. Roney Newton Root John Rourke Robert Ruttman Joseph Sandbach Benjamin Scott Thomas J. Scutt Philip Sep Harrison C. Smith Jesse Sponsler Joseph Styer Thomas Suthers Martin V. Suttle i8o THE BATTLE MONUMENT John Sweaney Henry Symington Charles W. Thompson George Townsend Charles H. Umbaugh Lewis Vasion Gustavus Vincent John Walsh William E. Walter Harrison Wannamacher John Waugh Thomas E. Whiteside David Wise l6tb U. S. Infantry. Commissary Sergeant James M. Howe Sergeant Brice Veirs Baker William D. Reynolds Corporal Thomas Donahue David C. Jennings Alexander Kinkaid Thomas O'Neill Robert Robinson Cortland Wells Private Samuel C. Adams Walter F. Amos Hallett W. Barber Alexander Boyle Edward Brady Amos Brainard James Brooks James Buck Thomas Caldwell Patrick Canon AT WEST POINT 181 Erastus Cheedle Frank Clark Jacob Clement Christian Corai John Crabtree Solomon H. Curtis James Darcy Gregory Drouillard John Dubi Fernando Ferguson Carl Fjetterstrom Nathan Frost George E. Galligher James Gillick Francis A. Gilson Nicholas Ginsburg Nicholas Growney John Harrison Joseph Harper Nicholas Hendelong William J. Hendrickson Martin Herrix William Howard John Hurley George P. Hutchinson Frederick Kalenbach Patrick Keho Michael Kilmartin William J. Leslie Benjamin Lewis James B. Lewis Hugh Livingston Charles Lyons George Mahon I2A 1 82 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Charles A. Mann Amos Mellott Elias Minnich Patrick Murphy Felix McCarthy Patrick McCaughy John McLeod Martin O'Connor John Olson Louis Orth Dennis O' Sullivan Thomas Owens Charles Page Lemuel K. Palmer Ami Curtis Perry Robert Pitts George L. Pooler Samuel Robinson Robert W. Russell James Saunders Warren E. Sawyer Coleman Shuff Benjamin F. Silsby Aaron Simons Richard Stanley Charles B. Stiteler Hanson Stocdal John Stokes Samuel Swainbank Wilford Trueblood Valentine Vigar Charles West Zacariah G. White John Williams AT WEST POINT 183 iftb U. S. Infantry. First Sergeant William H. T. Hogan Sergeant Silas P. Blanchard James M. Downs Charles P. Giles Henry P. Hyde Henry J. Madison Ransom L. Smith Corporal Stephen G. Armstrong Elias H. Baker John Elliott Dennis Fitzpatrick Francis D. Gould James Mitchell John S. Pomeroy John W. M. Small John C. Wadsworth Lester F. Wells Private Albion T. E. Avery Albert I. Allard William F. Banks Patrick Baron Enos S. Bishop Thomas Brozzen David Burke Charles P. Butler William A. Byrne William Cahill Washington Cole Daniel J. Conant Solon L. Cornell William J. Cottell David Crider William Duffy 1 84 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Alphonso Estes John Finton Patrick Flood Frederick W. Cans Albert M. Gould Michael Hallinan George G. Hammond Joseph Henny Ephraim Holmes Edwin A. Howard Rufus B. Jameson Thomas Kearney George M. Kennerson Louis Kilborn Marcus Killam John King Michael King Michael Landers Nathaniel Lombard Thomas Lynn James Mangan Michael Marshal Patrick Mehan James Merrill Charles H. Miller Jacob Mitchell Michael Murphy Samuel Murray James McHough John McMahon Barney McNamee Erskine E. McMillan Amos Newland Stover W. Nichols AT WEST POINT 185 Patrick O J Brian Bartholomew O'Donnell Michael O'Kane George W. Paul William Pender Robert Perkins Orlando H. Powers Joseph Prince George C. Prouty William Schmidt Fairy Selem Sebastian Shaffer George Sites Carl Joseph Standar Benjamin Stone Edward Sullivan Charles H. Temple Henry Thompson Isaac Travis Josiah Victory Charles H. Whitney Constantine Yeker i8tb U. S. Infantry. Sergeant- Major Christopher Peterson First Sergeant Zenas Dunham Ruggels Elrick George F. White Sergeant James Barrett John G. Boyce Cheyney H. Dawson Samuel Dobbins Amos Flegal Solomon Greenley 1 86 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Henry Headley Thomas W. Jesse William P. Leibole William D. Madeira Thomas Shonessy William Tombon Tunis H. Swick Joseph F. Wether Corporal Jesse H. Brooks Bernard C. Connelly Joseph H. Dodds John C. Donnelly Warren D. Estabrook John Falter Alexander Goodwell Joseph L. Harcourt William H. Himes Samuel Hobill Jacob Leibole John Linebaugh Isaac Linn Thomas J. Long James Lowden Engelbert A. Miller Uriah H. McDowell Patrick O'Connors Francis M. Philippi William Walter Musician James Marsh Private James Adair John Alberty Peter Altmeyer James Anderson James A. Anderson AT WEST POINT 187 Charles Argus S. T. Armstrong John W. Arthur William Baglin, Jr. Gordon Beard Ezra Beckwith William H. Bellfield Isaac Bemesdarfer Edwin Benjamin Andrew Bowers Jacob Bike Jacob Blessing Joseph Bray Bernard Brinck George Brooks Preston Brown Henry Burns Martin Burr George W, Burton Adolphus Caio Arthur D. Cantrell John J. Carmean John Cashiell John W. Cass Bishop Church Miller Clark Abraham Combs Andrew J. Connor William Cornwall William H. Crandall Edward Cunningham Samuel Daihl Thomas B. Daniels Alexander Dean 1 88 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Thompson J. W. Devor William H. Diehl James Dixon William Durller George Eckert Joseph F. Elcbeck William Ennis Joseph A. Ensign Valentine Farrenkoff James S. Fisher James Fitzgerald Willis B. Fitzgerald Franklin S. Frick John Fussalmann Michael Gallivin Philip Gorsuck William Gray Mahlon F. Hancock James Handley Elisha Harper James Harrisson John T. Havice Jarret Claiborn Headington Alexander Helmold Moses C. Helvirson Ambrose Higgins Ferdinand Hill Samuel Hill Nicholas Holsbach Joseph Hook Jeremiah Howald George W. Hoyt Thomas Porter Hunley W. W. Hutchison AT WEST POINT 189 Joseph A. Hynus John Jacobee Joel Jacobs John Jewel Isaac B. Jones Richard J. Jones Frank Kelley Fredric H. Kiest George W. Kleckner Daniel Kring Edward P. Lacey Charles W. Laff Michael Larkin William H. Larrowe Anthony Livingston Joseph Luken James B. Massey Francis Masterson John Merten Thomas Mooney George H. Morrison Samuel Mowrer Patrick McDonnell Peter Murphy James W. McAdow Alfred M. McGinnis Robert McGuire Thomas Nary Robert F. Nightingale Dennis O'Brien James O'Neill John O'Hara James Ostrander Samuel Palmer 1 9 o THE BATTLE MONUMENT John W. Parsons Thornton Perry Harvey Peters, Jr. John W. Peters William L. Pinney Emery Plumley George H. Poorman Timothy Quinn Martin Rapstock Nathan Ray Stephen Ray David Redmon Charles Reifenberg Samuel C. Rhoads Henry Rider Charles Roberson William H. Robey Amos Robins Patrick Savage Joseph W. Sawyer James M. Saxton Theodore Schmitz Charles Schreck Hugh Scolan Gideon W. B. Searight Jacob Shaffer Amos Sherman Isaac S. Shoffner Christian Shrack George Shuler William Sieg Joseph Harrison Silk George B. Smith Harrison D. Smith AT WEST POINT 191 Henry D. Smith James Smith John M. Smith David Sours George W. Stierhof David D. Stine George W. Stone Francis Stoufer George W. Stover Martin V. Swank William H. Swisher Abraham Tabler Jonas Tallhamer Newton Tharp William H. Thomas James Thompson John Henry Tieman Jonathan Trueblood George Waterfield Alexander White William E. Wilison Isaac Wilson John Wilson Joseph Wosmer Franklin Zimmerman i$tb U. S. Infantry. Sergeant James F. Day Patrick Leonard John H. Topky Corporal Lewis Bols Nicholas Clemenz Benjamin Davis Thomas Doyle i 9 2 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Joseph Purer Frederick Kunzel John Reed Alexander Van Dolkum John R. Waller Private John W. Barnes John Boyer Thomas Brennen Charles Brown David M. Chubb John Dignan Townsend E. Fall Alexander Filson Michael P. Fishell David Gifford George Goettinger Edward Gorman Bernard Haggerty Joseph Hendricks Samuel C. Higgins Alexander Hood Peter Laughlin Aaron Luther Patrick Lynch William Manning George W. McGuinn John O'Brien James Pierson Henry Porter John Quinn Willhun Randall William Resor Jacob Romig John Schilbe AT WEST POINT 193 Philip Schrom Henry Shul Adam Smith James Smith Claiborne Taliafero Charles Tanner Paul Tatem Henry Thompson Henry T. Tibbits John Wilger RECAPITULATION Total number of officers killed . ;> . . . 188 Total' number of enlisted men killed .;.;. . ." 2042 OFFICERS. General Officers . . .... . . 2 General Staff Officers . . ' . 4 Staff Corps. Corps of Engineers .... 7 Corps of Topographical Engineers ... 2 Ordnance Department . ... 2 Total Staff Corps 1 1 Cavalry. ist Cavalry . 8 4th Cavalry . . 5 2d Cavalry . . 5 5th Cavalry * 8 3d Cavalry . . 2 6th Cavalry . . 8 Total Cavalry 36 194 AT WEST POINT 195 Artillery. ist Artillery . . 8 4th Artillery . .. 6 zd Artillery . 5 5th Artillery . . 10 3d Artillery . . 3 Total Artillery 3z Infantry. \ st Infantry . ' Z nth Infantry 8 zd 9 izth " n 3 d z 1 3th " 4 4th " 4 I4th " 10 5th 3 1 5th " 4 6th z 1 6th " 9 7th 4 1 7th 9 8th " 3 1 8th 9 9th " o 1 9th " 4 loth " 6 _____ Total Infantry 103 ENLISTED MEN. Staff Corps. Battalion of Engineers z Signal Corps . 6 Ordnance Corps . i General Service . i Total Staff Corps 10 Cavalry. ist Cavalry . 79 4th Cavalry . 4z zd " . 7z 5th " . 5z 3d " z6 .6th " 47 Total Cavalry 318 196 THE BATTLE MONUMENT ist Artillery 2d " 3d Artillery. 76 4th Artillery 48 5 th ' 39 Total Artillery 80 81 Infantry. ist Infantry . . 3i 1 1 th Infantry 115 2d " . ,.; 87 1 2th 118 3 d . 37 ijth " . 52 4th 51 1 4th " - . 150 5th 16 i 5 th . . 129 6th " 31 1 6th " . 87 7th " 47 1 7th 89 8th " 13 1 8th . 205 9th " 1 9th 5 1 loth 81 Total Infantry I 390 LIST OF ORIGINAL SUBSCRIBERS FOR THE BATTLE MONUMENT. Name and Rank. Amount. Abbot, H. L., Captain of Engineers . . . $13.00 Abert, J. W., Major of Engineers . . . 10.00 Alderdice & Co., Sutlers, 1 2th Infantry . . 10.00 Aldrich, B., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . . . 7.00 Alexander, C. T., Surgeon . , . . 10.00 Alexander, E. B., Colonel loth Infantry . . 13.00 Ames, A., Brigadier-General; Lieutenant 5th Artillery 18.00 Ames, E. R., Lieutenant 7th Infantry . . . 10.00 Amory, T. J. C., Col. Mass. Vols.; Capt. 7th Infy. 13.00 Anderson, T. M., Captain loth Infantry . . 10.00 Andrews, C. C., Colonel 3d Minn. Volunteers . 13.00 Arnold, A. K. , Captain 5th Cavalry . . . 10.00 Arnold, Isaac .-...,. . . . 7.00 Arnold, W. F., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . . 7.00 Ash, J. P., Captain 5th Cavalry . * , > .-. . 10.00 Atchison, C. B., Capt. A. D. C. Vols.; Lt. 3d Inf. 8.00 Austin, R. H., Capt. 24th Wisconsin Volunteers 10.00 Ayres, R., Lieutenant I9th Infantry . . . 10.00 Babbitt, L. S., 1st Lieutenant Ord. Department . 10.00 Bache, H., Colonel of Engineers ... : .:: . . 13.00 ISA '97 198 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Name and Rank. Amount. Bacon, C., Jr., Assistant Surgeon . . . $7.00 Baden, J. T., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry . . . 10.00 Bailey, T. C. J., Captain ijth Infantry . . 10.00 Bainbridge, E. C., Captain 5th Artillery . . 8.00 Bainbridge, A. H., Lieutenant I4th Infantry . 7.00 Baird, A., Brigadier-General .... 50.00 Baldwin, H. M., 2d Lieutenant 5th Artillery . 10.00 Bales, F. H., Captain, retired .... 8.00 Ball, E., Lieutenant 1st Cavalry . . . . 7.00 Bankhead, H. C., Captain 5th Infantry . . 11.00 Barclay, C. B. (Citizen) . . . I'* 100.00 Barry, R. P., Captain 1 6th Infantry .. . .. 8.00 Barry, W. F., Brig. -Gen., Major 5th Artillery . 18.00 Bartholomew, W. H., Captain i6th Infantry . 7.00 Bartlett, C. G., Captain 1 2th Infantry . . 10.00 Bartlett, W. H. C., Prof. U. S. M. A. w ' . . 15.00 Beaumont, E. B., Captain 4th Cavalry . . 8.00 Beckwith, A., Major Subsistence Department . 15.00 Beecher, H. B., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . . 10.00 Beecher, Rev. H. W. ..... 50.00 Benet, S. V., Captain Ordnance Department . . 10.00 Benham, H. W., Brigadier-General Volunteers . 18.00 Benjamin, S. N., Lieutenant 3d Artillery -** . 10.00 Benton, J. G., Captain Ordnance Department . 10.00 Best, C. L., Captain 4th Artillery . . . n.oo Bisbee, W. H., Lieutenant i8th Infantry . . 7.00 Bliss, A., Captain and A. Q. M. . V . 20.00 Blunt, C. E., Major Engineers . . -. . 10.00 Blunt, M. M., Captain I2th Infantry . . 8.00 Board, C. A. F., retired . . . W. ,. . 8.00 Bomford, J. V., lieutenant-Colonel i6th Infantry . n.oo Bonneville, B. L. E., Colonel, retired . . . 13.00 Bowman, A. H., Colonel of Engineers . . 40.00 AT WEST POINT 199 Name and Rank. Amount. Boyce, P., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . . . v $10.00 Brackett, A. G., Colonel Vols.; Major 1st Cavalry 13.00 Brady, G. K., Lieutenant I4th Infantry '. . 7.00 Brainerd, T. C., Assistant Surgeon . . -,-.. 10.00 Brewerton, H., Lieutenant-Colonel of Engineers . 25.00 Brigham, E. D., Capt. Com. Sub. . . '. '. .._- 8.00 Britton, T., Lieutenant 6th Infantry . , . .. - 7.00 Brooks, W. T. H., Major-General . i ^ , ^,v. 30.00 Brown, F. H., Lieutenant i8th Infantry : .. . ,.,, '.. 7.00 Brown, H., Lieutenant i8th Infantry . ... . 7.00 Buchanan, R. C., Lieut. -Colonel 1 4th Infantry . n.oo Buell, D. C., Major-General Volunteers . . . 30.00 Buffington, A. R., Captain Ordnance Department . 10.00 Burbank, S. W., Captain I4th Infantry . . 10.00 Burke, D. W., Lieutenant ad Infantry . . . 10.00 Burke, P. E., Captain 1 4th Infantry ..; .-. :; . 8.00 Burnett, R. L., Lieutenant izth Infantry .-.. . 7 Too Burnham, H. M., First Lieutenant 4th Artillery . 25.00 Burns, T., Lieutenant ist Cavalry ..* . .-' ./i. ; 10.00 Burns, W. W., Brigadier-General . , . ' . 18.00 Burroughs, Geo., Lieutenant Engineers . . 10.00 Bush, E. G., Captain loth Infantry . ;t . 8.00 Butler, J., Lieutenant 2d Infantry , , . . 7.00 Butterfield, D., Major-General . v . . 27.00 Byrne, T., Lieutenant 2d Infantry . , . . . 7.00 Callender, F. D., Major Ordnance Department . 10.00 Canby, S., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . . . 7.00 Card, B. C., Captain and A. Q. M. , .;> ,*,, 8.00 Carlin, W. P., Brigadier-General . . . 20.00 Carney, J. D., Captain I7th Infantry . . 8.00 Carpenter, A. B., Lieutenant I9th Infantry . .. 10.00 Carpenter, T. H., Captain I7th Infantry v . ' . C 8.00 Carr, C. C. C., Lieutenant ist Cavalry ,.- . * ;. ; 10.00 OF THJT UNIVERSITY f o7 ~ ,, 200 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Name and Rank. Amount. Carr, E. A., Brigadier-General .... $18.00 Carter, J. W., Lieutenant lyth Infantry . . 7.00 Casey, Silas, Major-General .... 30.00 Casey, T. L., Major Corps of Engineers . . 10.00 Chaffee, C. C., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 15.00 Chambers, A., Brigadier-General; Capt. i8th Infantry 20.00 Chambliss, W. P., Major 4th Cavalry . . . 10.00 Chapman, W., Lieutenant-Colonel, retired . . 11.00 Chevers, M. L., Chaplain* U. S. A. . . . 8.00 Choisey, G. L., Lieutenant i/fth Infantry . . 7.00 Clarke, F. M., Captain 5th Artillery . .- . 10.00 Clay, H. DeB., Captain I4th Infantry . . 8.00 Clay, J. K., Lieutenant I4th Infantry . ;' . 7.00 Clements, B. A., Surgeon . . . * ' . 10.00 Clinton, Wm., Captain loth Infantry . . . 10.00 Coates, E. M., Lieutenant I2th Infantry . . 10.00 Cdggswell, M., Captain 8th Infantry . . . 10.00 Cole, A. A., Lieutenant 7th Infantry . . . 7.00 Coleman, R. W., Civilian ....*. 15.00 Collins, G. H., Civilian . . . *-., . 10.00 Comly, C., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 20.00 Comstock, C. B., Captain Corps of Engineers , n.oo Conrad, J. S., Captain 2d Infantry ;.'. .-. ',. 8.00 Coolidge, R. H,, Medical Inspector . -A . 15.00 Cooper, S. W., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . . 7.00 Coppinger, J. J., Captain 141)1 Infantry .-" . 10.00 Cornick, W. F., Assistant Surgeon . . , '- 7.00 Counselman, J. H., Lieutenant 1st Artillery . .'.-.' 10.00 Crilly, F. J., Captain and A. Q^ M. . ; - , 10.00 Crofton, R. E. A., Captain i6th Infantry j . / , 8.00 Crosman, C. H., Colonel and Quartermaster . 13.00 Cross, O., Lieutenant-Colonel and Quartermaster . 15.00 Culbertson, S. S., Lieutenant I9th Infantry . . 10.00 AT WEST POINT 201 Name and Rank. Amount. Curtis, A., Lieutenant I9th Infantry . . . $10.00 Curtis, S. R., Major-General . . . < '.,''' 27.00 Gushing, H. C., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . U . 10.00 Cuyler, J. M., Surgeon U. S. A. . . ,\ 15.00 Dallis, A. ]., Captain . ' 10.00 Darling, J. A., Major Vols. ; Lieut, zd Artillery . 10.00 Davidson, J. W., Brigadier-General . . . 18.00 Davis, O. E., First Lieutenant of Engineers . . 7.00 Davis, R., Lieutenant zd Infantry . . - 7.00 Davis, T., Lieutenant 1 9th Infantry . . ''.,,- 10.00 Dean, W., Lieutenant ist Cavalry . - .- -'. 10.00 DeCourcy, F. E., Lieutenant I3th Infantry . . . 10.00 DeKay, D., Lieutenant I4th Infantry i . .; 7.00 Delafield, R., Colonel of Engineers . . . 50.00 Denton, A. B., i8th Infantry . . . . 10.00 DeRussy, R. E., Colonel of Engineers . . 25.00 Dimmick, J., Colonel U. S. A. . . . 13.00 Dodge, R. I., Captain 8th Infantry . V . 10.00 Dolan, M., Lieutenant zd Infantry - * . . 10.00 Donaldson, J. L., Major Q^ M. Department . 15.00 Dorman, O. M., Paymaster Volunteers . . 10.00 Doubleday, A., Major I7th Infantry ; Major-General Z7.oo Downey, G. M., Lieutenant I4th Infantry . . 8.00 Dowling, J. T., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . . 7.00 Drouillard, J. P., Captain 6th Infantry . . 8.00 Drum, W. F., Captain zd Infantry , . . 8.00 Drummond, Thos., Captain 5th Cavalry . 10.00 Drury, T., Lieutenant zd Infantry v . fc 7.00 Dryer, H., Captain 4th Infantry . . .- ! , 8.00 DuBarry, B., Major and Com. Sub. . . , , 10.00 DuBois, J. V., Captain 3d Cavalry ; Col. of Vols. . 13.00 Dudley, J. S., Lieutenant zd Artillery . * . 7.00 Duer, E. A., Lieutenant ist Artillery . . 10.00 202 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Name and Rank. Amount. Duncan, T., Major 3d Cavalry . . . $10.00 Dunn, T. S., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . 10.00 DuPont, H. A., Lieutenant 5th Artillery . . 7.00 Dutton, A. H., Lieutenant of Engineers . . 15.00 Earle, M., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . . 10.00 Eckert, G. B., Lieutenant 3d Infantry . . . 7.00 Eddy, A. R., Captain and A. Q^ M. . . . 8.00 Edgerton, W. G., Captain nth Infantry . . 8.00 Edie, J. R., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 10.00 Edson, T., Captain Ordnance Department . . 8.00 Edwards, D., Lieutenant I9th Infantry . . 10.00 Egbert, H. C., Lieutenant izth Infantry * . 10.00 Eggemeyer, A., Lieutenant loth Infantry .. ,' . 10.00 Elder, S. S., Captain 1st Artillery -,,-., ;. , ' - . , 8.00 Elliot, G. H., Captain of Engineers . Y . 20.00 Elliott, W. L., Brigadier-General ; Major ist Cav. 20.00 Ellis, H. A., Captain I7th Infantry . . . 10.00 Emerson, J. J., Lieutenant 1 7th Infantry . . . ' 7.00 Estes, C. A. M., Lieutenant i6th Infantry . . 10.00 Evans, A. W., Captain 6th Cavalry . ,<' . 10.00 Ewers, E. P., Lieutenant I9th Infantry ; . . .>-. . 7.00 Falk, W., Lieutenant 2d Infantry . , . 7.00 Falvey, J., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry - . 7.00 Farley,}. P., Lieutenant of Ordnance . . * /f 7.00 Farquhar, F. U., Captain of Engineers . ... 8.00 Feiler, N. J., Captain ist Cavalry . . , v 10.00 Fessenden, F., Col. Vols. ; Capt. I2th Infantry . 13.00 Fetterman, W. J., Captain i8th Infantry , -* ,. i 8.00 Field, J. H. V., Lieutenant Ordnance Department 7.00 Fitzgerald, J., Lieutenant 2d Artillery . . v. 7.00 Fitzhugh, C. L., Lieutenant 4th Artillery '>.,-.., 10.00 Flagler, D. W., Captain Ordnance Department . 10.00 Fletcher, C. H., Captain ist Infantry . ,-. j, ;= 8.00 AT WEST POINT 203 Name and Rank. Amount. Flint, F. F., Lieutenant-Colonel . : . . $15.00 Foot, A., Lieutenant I4th Infantry . ; .. 7.00 Forsyth, J. W., Captain i8th Infantry ' * ,{.'- . 10.00 Foster,}. G., Major-General . . .,. r v>. 30.00 Frank, R. T., Captain 8th Infantry . I , . 10.0.0 Franklin, W. B., Major-General ; Col. I 2th Infantry 30.00 Franklin, W. S., Captain I2th Infantry . . 8.00 French, W. H., Major-General . ,-, ' < . . 30.00 Fry, J. B., Major, A. A. G., Prov. Mar. General 13.00 Gansevoort, H. S., Lt. 5th Art. ; Col. N. Y. Vol. Cav. 1 3.00 Gapen, H. C., Lieutenant I5th Infantry . . 7.00 Gardiner, J. W. T., Major, retired * . . 10.00 Garrard, K., Brigadier-General ; Captain 5th Cavalry 20.00 Gentry, W. T., Captain I7th Infantry . . 10.00 Getty, T. M., Surgeon . ; ^"v . .. 10.00 Gibbon, J., Brigadier-General . . . 20.00 Gibbs, J. S., Lieutenant ist Artillery . ,,?' . 7.00 Gibbs, T. K., Lieutenant ist Artillery . . 7.00 Gibson, A. A., Major 2d Artillery . . . 10.00 Gibson, H. G., Col. of Vols. ; Major 3d Cavalry . 13.00 Giddings, G. R., Major I4th Infantry . . . 10.00 Gilbert, C. C., Major I9th Infantry . . . 10.00 Gillespie, G. L., Lieutenant of Engineers . . 10.00 Gillmore, Q^ A., Major-General . . . 27.00 Gilman, J. H., Captain and Com. Sub. . . 8.00 Goddard, C. C., Captain I7th Infantry . . 10.00 Goddard, C. E., Assistant Surgeon . ... 7.00 Goodhue, J. M., Captain nth Infantry . . 8.00 Gooding,O. P.,Capt. loth Inf. ; Col. 6th Mass. Cav. 1 3.00 Gordan, G. H., Brig. -Gen. (late Capt. M. Rifles) . 25.00 Graham,}. D., Colonel of Engineers . " . . - 20.00 Granger, G., Major-General . -. . ;.^ 27.00 Granger, R. S., Brigadier-General ; ; . * ; 20.00 204 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Name and Rank. Amount. Grant, U. S., Lieutenant-General . . . $50.00 Greene, J. D., Colonel 8th Infantry . . . 20.00 Greene, O. D., Major, A. A. G. . . . 10.00 Green, M. C., Lieutenant I3th Infantry . . 10.00 Grier, W. N., Lieutenant-Colonel ist Cavalry . n.oo Grossman, F. E., Lieutenant 7th Infantry . . 8.00 Haight, E., Captain Vols. ; Lieutenant i6th Infantry 10.00 Haines, T. J., Colonel, Com. Sub. . . . 13.00 Hall, J. A., Lieutenant ist Cavalry . . . 10.00 Hall, R. H., Captain loth Infantry . . . 20.00 Hall, R. M., Lieutenant ist Artillery . . . 7.00 Hamilton, J., Captain 3d Artillery . . . 8.00 Hamilton, S. M., Lieutenant 3d Infantry . . 7.00 Hammond, J. F., Surgeon . - . - ,. . . 10.00 Harbach, A. A., Lieutenant nth Infantry . . 10.00 Hardin, M. D., Lieut. -Col. Vols.; Lieut. 3d Art'y 30.00 Hargrave, R. W., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . . 7.00 Harker, C. G., Captain 1 5th Infantry . . 13.00 Harrington, G., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . *.' 7.00 Harris, W. H., Captain Ordnance . ,';. , . 10.00 Haskin, J. A., Major 3d Artillery . , . 12.00 Hastings, J., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry . . . 10.00 Hawkins, H. S., Captain 6th Infantry . . . 10.00 Hawkins, J. P., Brig.-Gen., Capt., and A. C. S. . 50.00 Hawley, W., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . . . 7.00 Hay, C. E., Lieutenant 3d Artillery . -. > 12.00 Haymond, H., Captain i8th Infantry . . . 10.00 Hazen, H. E., Lieutenant 8th Infantry .,.:,-. ; ..t 7.00 Head, J. F., Surgeon . . . .; . . 10.00 Hearn, J. H., Lieutenant i6th Infantry . .. 10.00 Hecksher, J. G., Captain I2th Infantry . . 10.00 Heilman, W. H., First Lieutenant I5th Infantry . 7.00 Heintzelman, S. P., Major-General . . . 30.00 AT WEST POINT 205 Name and Rank. Amount. Hendrickson, T., Major U. S. A. . . . $10.00 Henley, J. P., Lieutenant 5th Artillery -^ '' .^ 8.00 Henry, G. V., Lieut, ist Artillery ; Col. of Vols. 13.00 Hickox, C. R., Lieutenant 5th Artillery * .< ' *. * 10.00 Higbee, G. H., Lieutenant nth Infantry ^ J * 10.00 Hildeburn, S., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . ' % .' 20.00 Hitchcock, E. A., Major-General . ^ . 50.00 Hodges, H. C., Captain and A. Q. M. . -.'" 10.00 Hoffman, Wm., Colonel 3d Infantry . . . .' 15.00 Holden, L. H., Surgeon -; '.^* 10.00 Holman, Chas., Lieutenant 5th Artillery v , J *f> 7.00 Honey, S. A., Lieutenant I5th Infantry .; 7.00 Hooker, J., Major-General '- ' - * . . . -'.. I 27.00 Hope, L. F. * *< . *' -. . . 5.00 Hopkins, J. A., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . . *> 7.00 Hotsenpiller, C. W., Lieutenant i6th Infantry >. , : 7.00 Howard, C. O., Captain i8th Infantry ' . 10.00 Howard, O. O., Major-General . . . % 27.00 Howard, R. V. W., Lieut.-Col.Vols.; Capt. 4 th Art. i i.oo Howland, G. W., Captain 3d Cavalry . . 8.00 Hubbard, V. B., Assistant Surgeon . . . 10.00 Hubbs, W. H., Lieutenant I3th Infantry -i . 10.00 Hudson, E. McK., Captain I 4 th Infantry . . 10.00 Hunt, J. C., Lieutenant ist Cavalry . . . . 10.00 Hunt, J. S., Lieutenant 4 th Artillery * . . 10.00 Huntington, H. A., Lieutenant 4 th Artillery . 10.00 Ilges, G., Captain I 4 th Infantry .- . . 8.00 Ingalls, R., Brigadier-General . ;. ' . . 18.00 Ingham, G. T., Lieutenant nth Infantry . ( .-', 20.00 Ireland, D., Captain I5th Infantry ~_: . -v' 13.00 Irish, D. C., Captain I3th Infantry . * - -.^ 8.00 Irvine, J. B., Lieutenant I3th Infantry -.*T -. ^ 10.00 Irwin, B. J. D., Surgeon . . . " * i 10.00 206 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Name and Rank. Amount. Jackson, J., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . . $10.00 Jackson, R. H., Captain i st Artillery . . . n.oo James, F. J., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . . . 20.00 Jane way, J. H., Assistant Surgeon . . . 7.00 Johnson, J. B. . . . . . . . 10.00 Johnson, G. W., Lieutenant igth Infantry . . 7.00 Johnson, R. W., Brigadier-General . . . 18.00 Jones, DeL. Floyd, Lieutenant-Colonel I9th Infantry 11.00 Kane, J. H., First Lieutenant 5th Artillery . . 10.00 Kurtz, J. D., Major of Engineers .... 10.00 Kellogg, E. R., Lieutenant i6th Infantry . . 7.00 Kellogg, J., Captain and A. C. S. . . . 10.00 Kelton, J. C., Major and A. A. G. . . . 20.00 Kendrick, H. L., Professor U. S. M. A. .. . 20.00 Kennington, J., Lieutenant 1 1 th Infantry . . 7.00 Kensel, G. A., Capt. 5th Art.; Lt.-Col. of Vols. n.oo Kent, J. Ford, Capt. 3d Inf.; Lt.-Col. A. I. G. . n.oo Keteltas, H., Captain I5th Infantry . . .{. 8.00 Keyes, E. D., Major-General ; Colonel nth Infantry 27.00 Keyes, H. W., Captain I4th Infantry . . , ' 10.00 Kilburn, C. L., Lieutenant- Colonel and Com. Sub. n.oo King, C. L., Captain loth Infantry . . .10.00 King, W. R., Lieutenant of Engineers . ; -. . 7.00 Kingsbury, C. P., Major Ordnance Department . 10.00 Kinzie, D. H., Lieutenant 5th Artillery ,.,^ .,> 7.00 Kirtland, F. S., Lieutenant i8th Infantry ^ j *,,., 7.00 Knowlton, M., Captain, retired ., . :r ,v. . 8.00 Kress, J. A., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 7.00 Lacy, F. E., Lieutenant 2d Infantry . ; . l ..; . 7.00 Lay, R. G., Captain 3d Infantry f . . . 8.00 Laidley, T. T. S., Major Ordnance Department . 10.00 Lancaster, G., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . . 7.00 Lane, W. B., Captain 3d Cavalry . ; -. < . 10.00 AT WEST POINT 207 Name and Rank. Amount. Langdon, L. L., Captain 1st Artillery . . . $8.00 Lauman, G. S., Captain loth Infantry - ..-} . 10.00 Larned, C. T., Paymaster . . . J . ' ' v'V. ^:- 10.00 Latimer, A. E., Captain nth Infantry . ^:/.,. .2J~/: 20.00 Leahy, M., Lieutenant ist Artillery . . ' .,.' 7.00 LeConte, J. L., Surgeon .... : j 25.00 Leib, E. H., Captain 5th Cavalry . r : . . . V 10.00 Leonard, H., Lieutenant-Colonel Pay Department . n.oo Lind, J. S., Lieutenant i8th Infantry . . ..;* . 7.00 Lindsly, W., Assistant Surgeon . . . <& ; 7.00 Livingston, L. L., Captain 3d Artillery Nl^v' > : 8.00 Lorentz, Antoine, Sword-Master U. S. M. A. ,-J 10.00 Lowell, C. R., Col. zd Mass. Cav.; Capt. 6th Cav. 13.00 Lattimore, W. O., Lieutenant igth Infantry . [ ^f"', 10.00 Lyman, G. H., Lieutenant-Colonel Medical Dept. n.oo Lynn, D. D., Captain 6th Infantry '* - . 8.00 Lyster, W. J., Lieutenant ipth Infantry ' * -. 10.00 Mack, O. A., Captain I3th Infantry ; ,*1 . i/ ' 10.25 Macomb, J. N., Lieutenant-Colonel of Engineers . 20.00 Maley, T. E., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry *' . 10.00 Marcy, R. B., Colonel, Inspector General - , ; . 13.00 Marshall, L. H., Major i6th Infantry, Col. of Vols. 13.00 Marye, W. A., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 10.00 Mason, E. C., Captain I7th Infantry . . ' . < 13.00 Mason, J. W., Captain 5th Cavalry . . ._ . 10.00 May, J. H., Lieutenant loth Infantry . ' > ^-' i 10.00 Maynadier, H. E., Captain I5th Infantry v ,..* : . 10.00 Maynadier, W., Colonel Ordnance Department . 15.00 McCall, C. A., Assistant Surgeon . >.* - * . .i* . 7.00 McClellan, E., Assistant Surgeon . :> :J' ! *\^ 7.00 McClintock, J., Captain I4th Infantry ; * .; . 8.00 208 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Name and Rank. Amount. McCook, A. McD., Major-General . . . $50.00 McCormick, C., Surgeon U. S. A. . . . 10.00 McCrea, Tully, Lieutenant ist Artillery . . 7.00 McDowell, I., Major-General .... 27.00 McFeely, R., Lieutenant-Colonel Com. Dept. . n.oo McGee, Lieutenant 1 3th Infantry . < ,. _:.. 8.00 McGilvray, J., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . >; ., 7.00 McGinniss, J. R., Lieutenant Ordnance Department 10.00 McKee, S., Captain ist Cavalry . . 7.00 McNally, C. H., Captain 3d Cavalry . ... 8.00 McNutt, J., Captain Ordnance Department . . 10.00 Meade, G. G., Major-General .... 30.00 Meigs, J. R., Lieutenant of Engineers . . .. 10.00 Meigs, M. C., Brigadier-General, Q. M. General 20.00 Meinhold, C., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . . / -, = 7.00 Meline, J. F., Colonel of Volunteers, A. D. C. . 10.00 Mendenhall, J., Captain 4th Artillery . .. . r .. 10.00 Merrill, L., Colonel of Volunteers, Captain 2d Cav. 13.00 Merrill, W. E., Captain of Engineers . , .' .* 10.00 Michie, P. S., Lieutenant of Engineers . ; .' . 7.00 Miles, Evan, Lieutenant 1 2th Infantry . . 10.00 Milhau, J. J., Surgeon U. S. A. . V . . .; >.-. 15.00 AT WEST POINT 209 Name and Rank. Amount. Miller,]. F., Captain 1 4th Infantry . . . $8.00 Miller, M. S., Major and Quartermaster . . . 10.00 Mills, M., Surgeon % ,. - 10.00 Mills, W., Lieutenant i6th Infantry . '. . ' ..* 7.00 Mills, W. H., First Lieutenant I4th Infantry . 10.00 Monahan, D., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . \ .. . 10.00 Montgomery, D. L., Captain iyth Infantry . . 10.00 Moody, G. C., Captain I9th Infantry . ,,*-: , . 10.00 Mooney, J., Captain 1 9th Infantry . . &..\. 10.00 Mordecai, A., Captain Ordnance Department . ->. f 10.00 Morehead, W. J., Captain iyth Infantry -. y ; 10.00 Morgan, C. A., Colonel of Vols., 4th Artillery . 13.00 Morgan, H. C., Lieutenant loth Infantry . .-,.. > : 10.00 Morgan, M. R., Lieutenant-Colonel, Com. Sub. . n.oo Morris, L. O., Captain 1st Artillery . . . 10.00 Morris, R. L., Captain i8th Infantry . . ., . 10.00 Morris, L. T., Lieutenant I9th Infantry . . 10.00 Morrison, P., Colonel, retired . * . 13.00 Mulhenberg, F. P., Captain I3th Infantry . . 10.00 Mulligan, J. B., Captain I9th Infantry ...%. . 10.00 Myers, E., Lieutenant ist Cavalry ,J. .. . 10.00 Myers, F., Lieutenant-Colonel and Quartermaster . 13.00 Myers,}., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 8.00 Myers, Wm., Quartermaster > . . . . 13.00 Myrick, J. R., Lieutenant 3d Artillery . . 10.00 Nash, B. F., Lieutenant 5th Artillery . . . 7.00 Nealy, O. H., Lieutenant nth Infantry . ..,, . 7.00 Neill, T. H., Brigadier-General . >r*\ . H. ' 18.00 Noble, H. B., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . .-. . , 10.00 Noggle, C. L., Lieutenant 2d Infantry . . . 7.00 Norris, B., Surgeon . . . *; : . ^,. 10.00 Norton, A. S., Major and A. D. C. Volunteers . 18.00 Norton, G. D., Captain I4th Infantry ^ :. . 8.00 zio THE BATTLE MONUMENT Name and Rank. Amount. Noyes, H. E., First Lieutenant zd Cavalry . . $10.00 Oakes, J., Lieutenant-Colonel 4th Cavalry . . 20.00 O'Beirne, R. F., Captain I4th Infantry . . 10.00 Ogden, F. C., Lieutenant 1st Cavalry . . . 10.00 Ogden, R. L., Captain and A. Q. M. . . 8.00 Ostrander, J. S., Lieutenant i8th Infantry . . 7.00 Otis, E., Captain 4th Cavalry . . . . 8.00 Palmer, Innis N., Brigadier-General . . . 18.00 Parke, J. B., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . . 7.00 Parke, J. G., Major-General .... 50.00 Parker, D., Captain 3d Infantry . . . . 10.00 Parker, R. C., Lieutenant I2th Infantry . . 10.00 Parry, E. R., Lieutenant nth Infantry . . . 10.00 Patterson, H. W., Lieutenant 4th Infantry . . 7.00 Patterson,]. H., Lieutenant nth Infantry . . 7.00 Patterson, W. W., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . 10.00 Paul, G. R., Lieutenant-Colonel 8th Infantry . 11.00 Pease, W. B., Captain I7th Infantry . . . 8.00 Pease, W. R., Captain 7th Infantry . . . 8.00 Pennington, A. C. M., Lieutenant 2d Artillery . 7.00 Penrose, W. H., Colonel of Vols. ; Capt. 3d Inf. . 15.00 Perkins, D. D., Captain 4th Artillery . ; . 10.00 Perry, D., Lieutenant ist Cavalry . V . 10.00 Pettee, L., Lieutenant nth Infantry . . . 10.00 Phelps, E., Lieutenant 191)1 Infantry . . . . 7.00 Phelps, J. E., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . v . 15.00 Phipps, F. H., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 7.00 Phisterer, F., Lieutanant i8th Infantry . . 7.00 Pike, H. L., Lieutenant ist Artillery . . . 7.00 Pineo, P., Lieutenant-Colonel Medical Department. n.oo Pleasonton, A., Major-General * : i . . 27.00 Pomeroy, C. C., Captain nth Infantry . . 8.00 Pope, J., Major-General . . . . . 50.00 AT WEST POINT 211 Name and Rank. Amount. Porter, A. P., Lieut. -Colonel.; Capt. Sub. Dept. . $50.00 Porter, G. L., Assistant Surgeon . . v * - 10.00 Porter, H., Captain Ordnance Department . . 16.00 Porter, R. H., Lieutenent I4th Infantry . . 7.00 Potter, J. A., Captain and A. Q. M. . . . 8.00 Potter,]. H., Major yth Infantry . . . 13.00 Pratt, H. C., Major and Paymaster U. S. A. . 10.00 Prescott, W. H., Captain i6th Infantry . . 20.00 Prime, N., Captain lyth Infantry * - , ; . 10.00 Prince, F. E., Captain loth Infantry . .. . 10.00 Procter, J. L., Captain i8th Infantry . . . 8.00 Purcell, J. H., Lieutenant ist Infantry . . . 7.00 Putnam, H. R., Captain I2th Infantry . . . 10.00 Putnam,]. E., Lieutenant izth Infantry . . 10.00 Pyne, C. M., Lieutenant 6th Infantry . . . 12.00 Ramsey, W. R., Assistant Surgeon . . . 7.00 Randall, B., Surgeon U. S. A. / . . . 10.00 Randol, A. M., Captain ist Artillery . . . 10.00 Randolph, J. T., Surgeon ..... 10.00 Rankin, W. G., Captain I3th Infantry . . 10.00 Ransom, H. C., Lieutenant-Colonel, Q. M. . 13.00 Rathbone, H. R., Captain I2th Infantry . . 10.00 Raynolds, W. F., Major Engineers . . . 13.00 Reid, J. R., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . . 7.00 Reese, C. B., Captain Engineers . . . 8.00 Reese, H. B., Paymaster . . . . 10.00 Reeve, I. V. D., Lieutenant-Colonel I3th Infantry n.oo Remington, P. H., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . . 7.00 Reno, M. A., Captain ist Cavalry . . . 10.00 Reynolds, C. A., Captainand A. Q. M. . . n.oo Reynolds, J. ]., Major-General . , . ,'.. 30.00 Ricketts, ]. B., Brigadier-General M .- . v" .- 25.00 Rittenhouse, B. F., First Lieutenant 5th Artillery . 10.00 212 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Name and Rank. Amount. Ritter, J. F., Col. 1st Miss. Cav.; Capt. 1 5th Inf. $13.00 Robbins, K., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry , . . 10.00 Robert, H. M., Captain of Engineers . . . 8.00 Roberts, B. S., Brigadier-General . . . 18.00 Roberts, J., Lieutenant-Colonel 4th Artillery . 13.00 Robertson, C. S., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . 10.00 Robins, R., Lieutenant nth Infantry . . . 10.00 Robinson, D., Lieutenant yth Infantry . . 7.00 Robinson, S. S., Captain loth Infantry . . 8.00 Rockwell, C. F., Lieutenant Ordnance Department 10.00 Rodney, G. B., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . . 10.00 Rollins, J. H., Lieutenant Ordnance Department . 10.00 Rosecrans, W. S., Major-General . ... . 27.00 Rossell, W. H., Captain loth Infantry . . 8.00 Rowley, G. A., Lieutenant 2d Infantry . . 7.00 Roy, J. P., Captain 2d Infantry . . . . 10.00 Royall, W. B., Captain 5th Cavalry . . . 10.00 Rucker, D. H., Brigadier-General, Q. M. D. . 20.00 Ruggles, G. D., Major and A. A. G. . . . 13.00 Russell, C. S., Captain nth Infantry . ... . 10.00 Russell, D. A., Brig. -Gen., Major 8th Infantry . 18.00 Russell, G., Lieutenant 3d Artillery . ... 20.00 Sachs, W., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry * . . 10.00 Sacket, D. B., Colonel and Inspector-General . 13.00 Sanders, W. W., Captain 6th Infantry . . 8.00 Sanger, J. P., Lieutenant 1st Artillery . . . 7.00 Sutorius, Alex., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . ,J 7.00 Saxton, R., Brigadier-General . ... . 18.00 Scammon, C. T., 9th 111. Vol. Cav., A. D. C. . 10.00 Schenck, P. V., Assistant Surgeon . , . 7.00 Schiffler, J. K., Lieutenant i6th Infantry .. . 7.00 Schuyler, P., Captain I4th Infantry , , . . 10.00 Schwan, T., Lieutenant nth Infantry . . 10.00 O'JtfT AT WEST POINT Name and Rank. Amount. Sedgwick, J., Major-General .... $27.00 Sellers, E. E., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . 10.00 Seymour, T., Brig. -Gen. ; Capt. 5th Artillery 18.00 Sheridan, P. H., Major-General . . , W . 27.00 Shipley, A. N., Captain and A. Q. M. . * . 20.00 Sidell, W. H., Lieutenant-Colonel I5th Infantry . 12.00 Silliman, H. R., Assistant Surgeon . ,.; % j . 10.00 Silvey, W., Captain 1st Artillery . y ; , .,',. 8.00 Simonson, J. S., Colonel . . . . . ,., 13.00 Simpson, J. H., Lieutenant-Colonel of Engineers . n.oo Sinclair, J. B., Lieutenant I4th Infantry . ; g. \ j ^ ; 7.00 Sinclair, Wm., Lieut. -Col. of Vols. ; Lt. 3d Art. n.oo Sitgreaves, L., Lieutenant-Colonel of Engineers . 15.00 Slidell, W. J., Captain i6th Infantry . ; . ^ ^ 8.00 Slocum, H. W., Major-General . . >u ;. . 27.00 Slonge, J. L., Lieutenant loth Infantry f \ . , ,10.00 Small, M. P., Lieutenant-Colonel Sub. Dept. , .:,** 11.00 Smalley, H. A., Captain 2d Artillery . .. "] , ( 8.00 Smedberg, W. R., Captain I4th Infantry . Vs 10.00 Smith, A. K., Assistant Surgeon . f . .j ... 10.00 Smith, A. T., Captain 8th Infantry ^) . . 10.00 Smith, E. W., Captain I5th Infantry . . .11.00 Smith, F. G., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . . 10.00 Smith, G. A., Bvt. Lieutenant-Colonel . . 10.00 Smith, G. W., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . , 7.00 Smith, H. E., Captain I2th Infantry . , . 10.00 Smith, J. H., Lieutenant 2d Artillery . -v, . 7.00 Smith, L., Lieutenant 5th Artillery ...... i -. . .* 7.00 Snyder, C., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . ^ ti . ;; . 10.00 Snyder, J. A., Lieutenant 3d Infantry . . . . 10.00 Sokalski, G. O., Lieutenant zd Cavalry . . 7.00 Sommer, H., Lieutenant zd Infantry . . . 7.00 Stacey, M. H., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . 10.00 I4A 2i 4 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Name and Rank. Amount. Stanley, Wm., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . $10.00 Steele, F., Major-General .... 27.00 Stephenson, J. M., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . . 10.00 Sternberg, G. W., Assistant Surgeon . . . 7.00 Stevens, H., Medical Department . . . 8.00 Stewart, C. S., Major of Engineers . . . 12.00 Stonge, S. E., Lieutenant i6th Infantry . . 7.00 Strickland, L. S., Lieutenant i6th Infantry . . 7.00 Stimpson, F. E., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . . 7.00 Strode, E. C., Assistant Surgeon . . . . 7.00 Strong, G. O., Brig-Gen, (by Gen. B. F. Butler) . 27.00 Sully, A., Brigadier-General . . . . 18.00 Summers, J. E., Surgeon ..... n.oo Sumner, E. V., Captain 1st Cavalry . t . 10.00 Sumner, S. S., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry . >/*' -\' 10.00 Suydam, C. C., Assistant Adjutant-General . . 10.00 Swan, W. W., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . . 10.00 Swartwout, H. A., Lieutenant I7th Infantry . . . 10.00 Sweet, W., Captain I7th Infantry ". -H ' -*' 8.00 Sweitzer, N. B., Captain ist Cavalry . . * . 30.00 Swift, E., Surgeon U. S. Army . . . . 10.00 Swords, T., Colonel Q. M. D. . . "... .- *'..,< , 3 . O o Sykes, G., Major-General ...... 40.00 Symington, J., Colonel Ordnance Department . 13.00 Taggart, D., Major and Paymaster . Wtv . 10.00 Taliaferro, L., Military Store Keeper . . . 8.00 Tardy, J. A., Captain of Engineers . . . 10.00 Tayler, A. B., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry . . ' .- 10.00 Taylor, J. McL., Lieutenant-Colonel, Com. Sub. . n.oo Theaker, H. A., Lieutenant i6th Infantry . . - .. -. 7.00 Thieman, A., Lieutenant loth Infantry * . 10.00 Thorn, G., Lieutenant-Colonel of Engineers . . 13.00 AT WEST POINT 215 Name and Rank. Amount. Thomas, E., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . . . $10.00 Thomas, G. H., Major-General .... 30.00 Thomas, L., Jr., Captain ist Artillery . V 20.00 Thomas, P. K., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . I . : 7.00 Thompson, J. A., Captain 4th Cavalry . ' ; 8.00 Thorpe, W. C., Captain I3th Infantry . . 10.00 Tidball, J. C., Captain 2d Artillery . . . 10.00 Tidball, J. L., Captain U. S. A. . . ; ' 8.00 Tilfbrd, J. G., Captain 3d Cavalry . \ .>< ; . 8.00 Tillson, J., Captain I9th Infantry . * * ''* *Vl ,' 10.00 Tilton, H. R., Assistant Surgeon . . : - J . 7.00 Tompkins, C. H., Captain and A. Q^ M. "'; :' *>-. 8.00 Tompkins, D. D., Colonel and Q. M. . - >:/ ..- 13.00 Tonne, W. R., Lieutenant I9th Infantry ' . 10.00 Torbert, A. T. A., Brig.-Gen. Vols. U. S. A. . 20.00 Totten, J. G., Brigadier-General Engineers . . 20.00 Totten, J., Brigadier-General; Major). G. Dept. . 18.00 Townsend, F., Major i8th Infantry . V '.;i : . 10.00 Trowbridge, C. F., Captain i6th Infantry . - . 8.00 Turner, J. W., Brigadier-General; Captain, Com. Sub. 20.00 Upham, J. J., Captain 6th Infantry ", : - '. . 20.00 Upton, E., Colonel . * . -. 1.^1 . 13.00 Urban, G., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry . . 10.00 Urmston, J. D., Lieutenant I 2th Infantry / ,. . 8.00 Vance, D. M., Lieutenant nth Infantry . ..' 10.00 Van der Slice, J. H., Lieutenant I4th Infantry i, 7.00 Van Home, J. J., Captain 8th Infantry -. . . 20.00 Van Renselaer, C., Captain I3th Infantry .,v * 8.00 Vernon, G. R., Lieutenant I4th Infantry . - 7.00 Vogdes, I., Brigadier-General . . .; .^. ' 18.00 Wagoner, J. J., Lieutenant 1 9th Infantry * -: 10.00 Wagner, H., Lieutenant iith Infantry . . 7.00 2i6 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Name and Rank. Amount. Wagner, J. P., Lieutenant loth Infantry . . $10.00 Walker, J. H., Lieutenant I4th Infantry . . 7.00 Walker, T. W., Captain U. S. A. . . . 10.00 Wall, R., Lieutenant 3d Cavalry . . . 10.00 Ward, R. B., Captain nth Pa. Vol. Cav. . . 10.00 Ward, R. J., Lieutenant ist Cavalry . . . 10.00 Warner, C. N., First Lieutenant 4th Artillery . 7.00 Warner, L. H., Lieutenant 7th Infantry . . 10.00 Warner, J. M., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . . 7.00 Warren, G. K., Major-General .... 30.00 Weaver, H. E., Lieutenant 8th Infantry . . 10.00 Webb, A. S., Brigadier-General .... 20.00 Webster, W., Surgeon ..... 7.00 Weeks, G. H., Captain and Quartermaster . . 12.00 Wessells, H. W., Brigadier-General . fc V . 20.00 West, W., Lieutenant 2d Infantry . \ . 7.00 Wharton, H. C., Lieutenant of Engineers . . 10.00 Wheaton, F., Brigadier-General ; Capt. 4th Cavalry 20.00 Wheeler, J. B., Captain of Engineers . ! *'.> . 8.00 Whipple, W. D., Brigadier-General ?'* ,!"!. - . 18.00 White, C. B., Assistant Surgeon } i - ; . . 7.00 Whitely, R. H. K., Lieutenant-Col. Ord. Dept. . 11.00 Whitney, S., Lieutenant 4th Artillery . . . 10.00 Whittemore, J. M., Captain Ordnance Department 8.00 Wikoff, C. A., Lieutenant I 5th Infantry . 7.00 Wilkin, A., Captain 1 7th Infantry ; Col. Vols. . 13.00 Wilcox, J. A., Lieutenant 4th Cavalry . , . . 7.00 Williamson, R. S., Major of Engineers . ' v,- f . 10.00 Williams, G., Lieutenant 4th Infantry . " ' .,> . 7.00 Williams, G. A., Captain ist Infantry . . >. 10.00 Williams, J., Lieutenant i 5th Infantry . . . 7.00 Williams, S., Brigadier-General . . . . 18.00 AT WEST POINT 217 Name and Rank. Amount. Williams, T. C., Captain I9th Infantry * ^ $8.00 Wilson,}. E., Lieutenant ist Artillery . . 7.00 Wilson, R., Lieutenant 5th Cavalry . . : ' . 10.00 Wilson, R. P., Lieutenant lyth Infantry . . 7.00 Winthrop, F., Captain . . . . ' 10.00 Wister, F., Captain i 2 th Infantry ' , . 10.00 Wolverton, W. D., Assistant Surgeon . . . 7.00 Wood, T. J., Brigadier-General ; Colonel zd Cavalry 20.00 Wood, W. H., Major i7th Infantry > \ ' . 10.00 Woodhull, A. A., Assistant Surgeon . . . 7.00 Woodruff, C. A., Lieutenant zd Artillery . . 7.00 Woodruff, D., Major I2th Infantry . . . 10.00 Woodruff, I. C., Major of Engineers . . . 10.00 Woodward, S. E., Lieutenant I5th Infantry . . 7.00 Wright, H. G., Brigadier-General . . . 18.00 Wright, J. P., Assistant Surgeon . . . 7.00 Yates, T., Captain I3th Infantry . . . 10.00 Yorke, L. E., Captain I3th Infantry . . . 10.00 ENLISTED MEN. Cavalry. Organization. Amount. 5 enlisted men Capt. Drummond's recruiting party, $1.00 each . . . . . . $5.00 80 enlisted men Cavalry Detachment, West Point. 113.00 2i 8 THE BATTLE MONUMENT Artillery. Organization. Amount. 7 N. C. O. and Enlisted men Batty. L, 4th Arty. $7.00 Enlisted men 5th Artillery ; by Lt. Hickox . . 6.00 " " Battery B, ist Artillery . . . 67.00 48 enlisted men Co. K, zd Artillery . . . 48.00 33 Enlisted men Battery D, ist Artillery . . 33.00 40 " " " M, zd " . 52.00 Band, 1st Artillery . . . . . . 21.00 Infantry. 7 Enlisted men Washington rec. rndvz., $1.00 each 7.00 2 Corporals Lt. Grossman's rec. party, $1.00 each 2.00 Lt. Wuniston's rec. party (two men), 1.00 each . 2.00 Enlisted men Co. D, ist Batt. nth Infantry . 80.00 " " Co. G, " " ... 34.00 " " Co. B, " " . . 21.00 " " Co. C, " " . . 15.00 " " Co. E, " 18.50 " " Co. F, " " 17.00 ii Enlisted men loth Infantry ; by Capt. Sellers . 25.00 56 " " 1 4th Infantry . 57 .00 52 " " 1 7th Infantry . . . . 52.00 2d Infantry Band . . . . . .13 .00 Enlisted men 2d Infantry ..... 24.50 Enlisted men 1 2th Infantry Band . . . 1 1 .00 1 1 2 Enlisted men 1 2th Infantry . . . . 130.25 Sergt. Minneman, Sergt. Kennedy, Pvt. McNamara, 8th Infantry ... . . ^ 8.00 2 Enlisted men I2th Infantry; by Captain Wiston 3.00 15 " " 7th Infantry, Co. F . . . 18.00 AT WEST POINT 219 Volunteers. Organization. Amount. Pvt. L. S. Phillips, ist Ohio V, A., for his friend Lt. Frank Work, 4th U. S. Cavalry . . $7.00 Enlisted men Hd. Qrs. ist Brig, zd Div. 5th Army Corps ....... 21.00 Staff. Regulars, Watertown, Mass. . ..... 13.00 Bradford, G., Ord. Sergt 5.00 A DESCRIPTION OF THE QUARRYING, WORKING, TRANSPOR- TATION AND ERECTION OF THE SHAFT OF THE BATTLE MONUMENT AT WEST POINT EDITED BY EDWARD F. MINER QUARRYING AND WORKING. CHE quarry from which the shaft of the monument was taken is located at Stony Creek, in the town of Bran- ford, Connecticut. The quarry has been opened up and extensively operated for only about ten or twelve years, so that there is little of historical interest gathered about it, although several buildings of a monumental character in the central and eastern sections of the country have been built of granite taken from it. The chief characteristic of the quarry is the ability to pro- duce large stones ; the out-croppings on the hill above the por- tion opened up show ledges of very great length, without seams. For a building in Boston there was furnished a platform twenty- two feet ten inches long, seven feet wide and one foot seven inches thick. Another instance of the ability to produce large stones was given when at a single blast a block twenty feet square and fifty feet long, without crack or seam, was dislodged from the ledge. This block, if properly cut up, would have furnished stone for nine shafts like the one in the Battle Monument. In quarrying the block for the monument, a bench was cleared in the quarry, having the top, one side and one end en- 223 224 THE BATTLE MONUMENT tirely free, and with the other end freed from the ledge by a natural seam. A line was marked off on the top surface for a second side, and a set of holes for a blast drilled along this line with a steam-drill. To insure breakage from the blast to be in the exact line required, lewis-holes were drilled /. e. y one hole is drilled vertically and one obliquely on either side, all drilled from the same position of the tripod of the steam-drill. The powder put into these holes for the blast was fired simul- taneously with a battery, and cleared the block from the ledge, opening up a seam from the top surface to the natural seam be- low. The result was a block more than twice the size re- quired for the shaft. A large slab was removed from the top of the block with wedges, and then, by the same process of wedging, a rectangular block of the necessary size to make the shaft was split off. After the block of stone was entirely free it was tipped from the ledge, carefully inspected and rolled from the quarry to a suitable place where it could be cut and polished. This whole process of quarrying, and the magnitude of the undertaking, are very clearly illustrated in the accompanying cut (I), which is a copy of a photograph taken at the quarry while the men were at work on the block. The working of the shaft involved no new problems in stone- cutting and polishing except such as pertained to its excep- tional size. The usual method of cutting the shaft of a column involves the splitting off of the corners of the block with wedges, then using the point and the pene hammer and finish- ing the surface with the bush or patent hammer. The first process in polishing is the grinding of the surface of the granite with chilled shot, then with different grades of emery and fin- ishing or glossing with putty powder. Chilled shot is the trade name for small globular particles of chilled cast-iron ; it being made by blowing out a molten stream of cast-iron with a steam jet. The first of these processes is accomplished by rubbing the surface of the granite to be polished with a block AT WEST POINT 225 of cast-iron under which is placed the chilled shot. Because of their size and globular form, each individual shot presents an almost infinitesimal point of contact with the stone, the re- sult being that a slight pressure on an infinitely small area breaks down the surface of the stone. The process of grind- ing with emery is exactly similar, except that different grades of emery are used and the process requires a greater length of time. The grinding with emery leaves the stone with a very smooth, even surface, but no polish. The polish or gloss is put on by rubbing with a piece of felting covered with putty powder. With the above description of cutting and polishing granite, the problems in working the monument shaft come clearly to view. Without question, for all the processes of working, it was best to mount the shaft so that it could be revolved, and no effort was spared in devising a scheme for doing so, since it was fairly expected that better results could be obtained in a much shorter time than in any other way. Where it was proposed to work the shaft a platform of heavy timbers was laid down, and the stone rolled on to the platform and blocked up. The ends were then squared up, and the corners roughly knocked off, thus bringing the stone to a con- dition where it was necessary to have it revolve. The process up to this point is shown in the accompanying cut (II). As soon as the ends of the stone were squared up, journals were bolted to it at the ends, and half-boxes in which the jour- nals were to revolve were placed upon a crib-work of timber. These journals were 13" in diameter, 18" long, and were cast of refined iron on a face-plate two and one quarter inches thick and three feet eight inches in diameter. On the inner or stone side of the face-plate was cast a hub of the same size as the journal, projecting into the stone six inches. Each face-plate was fastened to the stone by fourteen i^" stud bolts, which 226 THE BATTLE MONUMENT were set on a circle three feet in diameter. The bolts were set six inches into the stone, and for this six inches they were cut with a very coarse lag screw-thread ; the part of the shank passing through the face-plate being plain, and the nut end having the standard V thread. After a careful series of experiments on the testing-machine in the laboratory of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute to de- termine the best method of fastening the stud bolts to the stone, it was decided to set them in sulphur. This material was selected because it developed the greatest strength of any ma- terial experimented with, was easily worked, and the fastenings could be used immediately. The method adopted for setting the journals in position on the ends of the stone was as follows : A zinc template the size of the face-plate was cut out, and the position of the bolts ac- curately spaced off on the proper pitch-line. This template was applied to the end of the stone, and the position of the bolt-holes marked on the stone. With a steam-drill, holes six and one quarter inches deep and two and one quarter inches in diameter were drilled in the end of the stone. From the zinc template a wooden template was made thick enough, so that when a bolt was placed in one of the holes it was held firmly at right angles to the face of the template. The wood template was then placed in the proper position on the end of the stone, and the bolts one by one put in position, so that they projected into the holes drilled into the stone. Through a specially pre- pared channel in the wood template,* melted sulphur was run into the holes in the stone, surrounding the bolts, and thus fastening them firmly and accurately in place. The wood template was removed, and the iron face-plate with the journal slipped on in its place, the nuts put on the bolts, and the face- plate tightly screwed to position against wooden wedges placed between it and the stone. At this point the most difficult part of setting the face-plates OP THK UNIVERSITY AT WEST POINT 227 was encountered. The axis of each of the journals must coin- cide exactly with that of the stone shaft, or when the shaft was revolved the journals would bear at the outer end for part of the revolution, and at the inner end for the remainder, and would not lie truly in their bearings. The face-plates were set in exact position by means of measurements from a system of horizontal wires stretched the whole length of the shaft and from plumb-lines of wire. After the plate was brought to an exact position it was firmly bolted in place, being held by the wood wedges about one quarter of an inch away from the face of the stone. The space between the stone and the face-plate and around the projecting hub was filled with melted sulphur, which, when cold, gave a true surface against which the face- plate could be bolted without unduly straining either bolts or face-plate. As soon as the face-plates were bolted in position the shaft was lowered so that the journals rested in the half-boxes pre- pared for them on the timber crib-work. For the purpose of cutting, before the machinery was set up, the shaft was revolved by means of a tackle block hitched to the end of a rope wound several times around the shaft. To get the correct profile for the use of the stone-cutters, a reverse template was made of wood, and hung on hinges just above the shaft in the vertical plane of its axis. When in use, the template was dropped down, and measurements taken be- tween it and the surface of the stone ; at other times it was swung up to one side. The cut (III) shows the stone mounted on the journals and the cutting partially completed. As a precaution against breakage, it was thought desirable, in designing the machinery for revolving the shaft, to arrange it in such a manner as to furnish some support for the shaft. To accomplish this, two wooden pulleys (cut IV) eight feet in diameter and one foot ten inches on centers were placed at the 228 THE BATTLE MONUMENT center of the length of the shaft, and one third of the weight carried by means of wire-ropes R running from them to the driving-gear above. This driving-gear and the part of the weight of the shaft borne by the ropes were carried by three trusses E, made of ten by twelve inch timber, which in turn were footed upon a trussed stringer H to distribute the load over a large area. The main trusses E were braced by plank G, and connected on the top by twelve-inch caps. On these caps were placed eight draw-bar car springs C, two over each of the outer trusses, and four over the center. On these springs were placed two six by twelve inch timbers, which in turn carried three ten by twelve timbers placed at right angles, these latter acting as seats for four pairs of long wedges K by which the wire ropes between the pulleys I and the sheaves B were kept at the proper ten- sion. Upon the wedges rested a strong timber frame carrying three boxes in which ran a six-inch steel shaft. To this shaft were keyed two sets of three sheaves B, from which approxi- mately one third of the weight of the shaft was hung by means of six seven-eighths inch wire ropes. The shaft also carried a twelve-foot wood pulley A, which was belted through a coun- ter-shaft to a fifty horse-power engine. At its outer end the shaft was supported by a movable bearing balanced by a counter- weight D of nine hundred pounds. It will be noticed that the device of supporting the six-inch steel shaft on springs gave the required flexibility which was necessary to allow for the unevenness of motion in such tem- porary work. By experiment the modulus of the springs was ascertained, so that with a simple device, indicating the com- pression, it was possible to know very closely how much of the weight of the stone shaft was carried by the ropes at any time. The ropes first used were made with the ordinary long splice, and great difficulty was experienced in the splice pulling out and the wires breaking where the strands were crossed in the splic- AT WEST POINT 229 ing. This difficulty was overcome by using grommets /. e., rings of rope made from single strands of wire. They were made in the following manner : A piece of wire rope the re- quired length and size was cut off and formed into a ring with the ends simply butted together. A single strand from this rope was removed and another strand of the same size from a long coil wound in its place, a second strand was then removed, and the same strand as before wound in its place. This process was continued until the six strands of the original ring of rope had been removed and the new single continuous strand wound in their place. The result was a ring of rope made from a single continuous strand, with, of course, only two ends to tuck in. These ropes were forty-two feet long, and in wearing ouf stretched ten inches, the stretch being taken up with the wedges. The first process in polishing, that of grinding with chilled shot, was accomplished by placing on the top of the shaft flat pieces of cast-iron, called planes, having the under side curved to fit the shaft. They were held in place, when the stone re- volved, by an attached piece of board which rested against a stringer plank placed at the back of the shaft. While the shaft was revolving the chilled shot mixed with lime and water was thrown upon the surface, and, passing under the planes, ground the stone to an even surface. After the surface was reduced as much as possible with the chilled shot, the same process was used with emery, the finest of the emery leaving the surface very smooth and even. After the emery was washed off, the planes were covered with a thick felt, and putty powder mixed with water was put on. This finished the surface with a pol- ish or gloss, and completed the process. One shift of the machinery had to be made in order to polish the surface under the first position of the wood pulleys. This was accomplished by tying together and bracing all of the parts to be moved, and then sliding them bodily four feet six inches to a new position. 16 230 THE BATTLE MONUMENT From careful measurements of the water used in the boilers, the cylinder pressure of the engine and the pull of the planes on the surface of the stone, it was ascertained that the maxi- mum horse-power used was slightly under twenty. By testing with a spring balance it was found that the friction of the planes varied with the material used in grinding, and also with the amount of water on the surface of the stone at the time. The friction when grinding with shot averaged eleven per cent, of the weight of the plane, twenty-five per cent, with the emery, and thirty-five per cent, when glossing. The shaft was run at an average of six and one third revolutions per minute. The time taken for the different operations was : for chilled shot, thirty-eight hours; emery, fifty-six hours; and glossing, eight hours, for each different length of surface worked at any one time. OF THB UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION. CHE casing or boxing of the shaft for transportation was planned with especial view toward facilitating the erec- tion at the site of the monument. It consisted of four fourteen-inch square timbers for stringers, fitted to the profile of the shaft and placed at four points equidistant about its circumference. These timbers were connected and held firmly in place by a series of heavy bolts. In order to reduce the danger of breakage to the shaft during transportation to a minimum, the vertical sides of the square formed by these heavy timbers were trussed. The bolts of the trussing passed through the stringers and also through a cross timber placed under the shaft and fitted to it. This gave support to the shaft at five points intermediate between the bearing points on the car. The stringer timbers projected some four feet beyond the small end or top of the shaft, and between these were fitted four cross timbers. One set of two cross timbers were twelve inches square and were fitted carefully to the necking and top 'of the shaft, and bolted se- curely to the stringers. Diagonally through these cross timbers were passed ten two-inch eye-bolts, five on each timber, the eyes of all bolts meeting in a line through the center of the other set of cross timbers, which were placed at right angles to the first set. Between the eye-bolts were placed the straps 231 232 THE BATTLE MONUMENT for the tackle block, and then a two and one half inch steel rod was passed through the timber, eye-bolts and straps, thus form- ing the connection by which the column was lifted when erected. At the large, or bottom, end the stringer timbers projected only one foot and eight inches. Here two cross timbers were fitted at the end of the shaft and bolted firmly to the stringers. The ends of the bottom stringers were notched to receive a twelve-inch timber twelve feet long, whose section was three quarters round and one quarter square. This timber was used as a hinge on which the shaft was brought to an upright posi- tion when erected at the site. The cars used for transportation were the usual design of flat cars, but were quite low and built extra heavy in all their de- tail, the axle being five by eight inches. They were thirty- eight feet six inches long, and were built and used by a loco- motive builder for carrying two elevated railroad locomotives. The cars were prepared for the shaft by laying ten by ten timbers on the car body, which were two feet longer than the distance between the centers of the trucks. They were blocked up from the car body two inches at the ends and held from side deflection by separator blocks fastened to the car, and by long bolts passing through the outer timbers down through the bol- ster blocks of the truss rods. The object of these timbers was to transmit directly to the trucks a part of the weight of the shaft, thus relieving the car body and truss rods beneath of an excessive load. The timbers carried a load sufficient to deflect them the two inches of the blocking plus the deflection of the car body. Across these ten by ten stringer timbers were placed flatwise two eight by twelve inch timbers bolted firmly to them. Simi- lar timbers were fastened to the stringers of the casing to the shaft, and fitted so that the shaft rested in them. These two sets of timbers were placed at each end of the shaft, and on AT WEST POINT 233 each car, and formed the bearing on which the shaft rested in transportation. All of the timbers were shod with iron and the set under the large end of the shaft was arranged with a two- inch king-bolt. At the other end the bolster timbers on the car were longer, and heavy blocks, having their inner surface worked to a curve, were bolted to them. At this end there was no fastening between the bolster blocks, and the casing of the shaft was allowed to slide back and forth as the motion of the cars required on the different curves of the railroads. Loaded as described, the shaft was transported by railroad without any accident whatever. The only annoyance during the trip was caused by the heating of the journals of the axles. There was little difficulty when the speed of the train was kept below ten miles an hour; above that, the journals would run for only a short time without heating badly. The heaviest loaded set of trucks was under the large end of the shaft, and with the weight of the car it carried approximately seventy-five thousand pounds. The cut (V) shows the cars as they appeared ready for shipment, with the shaft protected from the weather by a can- vas cover. The journey from Stony Creek to West Point was made over the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad from Stony Creek to Hartford via Say brook Junction; from Hartford to Fishkill on the Hudson by the New York and New England Railroad; across the Hudson to Newburg by boat; and from Newburg to West Point over the West Shore Road a total distance of one hundred and ninety-one miles. The trip was made in thirteen days, with an actual running time of thirty- eight hours. The transportation from the switch at the West Point sta- tion up the steep hill to the site of the monument on the parade ground was accomplished by laying a temporary track in short sections, no particular difficulty being experienced except 234 TH E BATTLE MONUMENT near the riding school, where a reverse curve of seventy-five and eighty-five feet radii on a twelve per cent, grade was encoun- tered. Here the curve was so short that the car timbers had to be deeply cut to allow the wheels of the trucks enough swing to pass the sharp curve. The shaft was not removed from the cars until it was blocked up at the site of the mpnu- ment ready for erection. The cars were made up to a con- venient height on a crib-work of timbers. The cuts (VI, VII) illustrate very clearly the method of transportation from the railroad switch to the site. ERECTION. CHE erection of the shaft was the subject of quite as much thought and planning as any part of its hand- ling, the difficulty being not only the handling of so great a load, but that it must be put in an upright position without any weight being allowed to come upon the lower edge, since that would very likely break out a piece from the shaft. A method of erection similar to that used in erect- ing the Egyptian obelisk in Central Park, New York, by bolting trunnions to the sides near the center of gravity, was considered, but abandoned. The method adopted was to arrange a sort of wooden hinge about which the shaft and casing were revolved while being raised to an upright position. A twelve-inch timber three quarters round and one quarter square was fitted to the bottom stringer timbers at the end next the base of the monument. This was allowed to rest on other timbers which had been hollowed out half round. In erection, the whole of the shaft and casing rested on the round timber, which in turn rested on and turned in the timbers hollowed out to receive it. When the shaft was raised to an upright position it was landed upon an upright stone post, two feet square, set in the center of the base several inches above the permanent position 235 236 THE BATTLE MONUMENT of the bottom of the shaft. This stone post was supported upon a bed of sand in a pocket formed in the base of the mon- ument, and so arranged that by opening a gate valve the sand would flow out and so lower the post and the shaft above, forming what may be termed a sand-jack. The shaft was raised to an upright position by a tackle of twenty ropes, ten sheaves eighteen inches in diameter being fastened to the top of the casing of the shaft as previously de- scribed. The fixed block was made up of eleven sheaves of the same size, and was fastened with six two-and-one-half-inch eye- bolts to a sixteen by eighteen inch hard pine timber reinforced on the top by an iron plate one inch thick and eighteen inches wide. This cross-head timber was suitably fastened to the top of a stage built of heavy timbers from the ground to a height convenient for handling the shaft and the surmounting stone work. On the front the stage was braced on either side by two twelve by twelve inch timbers, and in the opposite direction it was guyed from the top to two posts two hundred feet apart and two hundred and fifty feet back of the monument. It was at first planned to use a breast derrick instead of a stage for the erection of the shaft, and a derrick one hundred and three feet high was built and erected. During the winter previous to the erection of the monument it was- wrecked in a high gale, and a stage substituted instead of building another derrick. The rope used in the tackle for hoisting was a three-quarter inch crucible steel wire rope, and rated by the manufacturers at a breaking strain of thirty-six thousand pounds. The greatest strain on the single rope during the erection to a vertical position was, neglecting friction, four thousand pounds; and afterward, when the whole weight of the stone and casing was held for a short time while the position of the shaft was being adjusted, the strain was slightly over nine thousand pounds. Previous to the erection the shaft and casing were blocked up to as high an angle as was practicable and a trial lift made. AT WEST POINT 237 This trial developed a weakness in the front brace timbers, which was remedied by adding more guys to the back. When the final lift was made, everything worked smoothly, and in ten minutes the shaft was erect and resting on the stone post. The cut (VIII) is a copy of a photograph taken while the shaft was being raised to an upright position. It was intended to land the shaft on the stone post in the correct position for lowering on to the base; but, owing to a slight movement of the shaft in the casing, this was not ac- complished. The correct adjustment was made by taking a strain on the lifting tackle, then locking the drums of the hoisting en- gine and allowing sufficient sand to flow out from under the stone to clear it from the whole weight of the shaft and casing. The shaft was then lashed in correct position and lowered back on the stone post. It will be noted that by this operation, while the whole weight was held for a given time, a direct lift was avoided. When everything was ready for lowering the shaft to its final position the bottom part of the casing was sawed off and re- moved. The valve controlling the sand was then opened, and the running' out of the sand allowed the shaft to settle gradually and smoothly to its permanent bed, which had previously re- ceived a thin layer of cement mortar. The bottom of the pocket for the sand was made conical in shape, it being found necessary by experiment in order to make the sand flow out uniformly. After the shaft was landed upon the stone post it was found to have compressed the sand three eighths of an inch, or two hundred and sixteen cubic inches in a total vol- ume of sixteen cubic feet, under a direct compression of about three hundred and twelve pounds per square inch. 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