BIOLOGY 
 
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 AVIS 
 
 Notre intention,, en publiant ce Species de conchyliologie, 
 avait d'abord etc de le diviser en deux parties : la premiere 
 aurait content! les especes decrites par Lamarck dans son 
 ouvrage sur les animaux sans vertebres ; et dans la seconde 
 nous aurions donne toutes les especes omises par ce celebre 
 naturaliste ou nouvellement decouvertes. Nous avions 
 deja fait graver quelques planches pour la premiere partie, 
 mais nous avons pense ensuite qu'il valait mieux publier des 
 monograpm'es completes pour chaque genre : c'est pour 
 cette raison que dans les planches des premieres livraisons, 
 les especes n'ont pu etre groupees dans le meme ordre 
 que dans le texte. 
 
 Nous commencerons par le genre Marginelle qui fait partie 
 de la famille des Columellaires de Lamarck , de celle des 
 Pectinibranches buccinoides de Cuvier, et de la famille troi- 
 sieme des Angyostomes deM.de Blainville. 
 
 Nous donnerons les caracteres de la famille en publiant le 
 premier genre. Nous donnerons aussi dans une des premieres 
 livraisons Fexpose methodique de notre travail. 
 
 M171457 
 
GENRE MARGINELLE. 
 
 ( MARGINELLA , LAMARCK. ) 
 
 Caracteres generiques : Coquille ovale , oblongue , lisse 
 ou costulee; spire plus ou moins saillante; ouverturc etroite , 
 alongee ; bord droit renfle ou recourbe en dehors , formant 
 un bourrelet ; base de I'ouverture a peine echancree ; colu- 
 melle garnie de plis plus ou moins obliques , un pen variables 
 en nombre avec 1'age. 
 
 Testa ovata, oblonga, Isevis vel coslnlata ; spira plus minusve prominente. 
 Apertura angusta , elongala. Labrum extus varice marginatum. Aperture basis 
 subemarginata. Columella subaequaliler plicata. 
 
 L'animal des Marginelles est un trachelipode dont la tete 
 forme un voile echancre dans son milieu y des cotes duquel 
 partent deux tentacules coniques assez longs et portant les 
 yeux a leurbase externe. Labouche est un tube cylindrique 
 retractile. Le pied n'est pas opercule , il est large et charnu. 
 Le manteau deborde a droite et a gauche de la coquille et 
 peut la cacher en partie. Le canal qui sert a faire arriver 
 1'eau aux brancMes est forme par un repli du manteau qui se 
 prolonge obliquement au-dessus de la tete. 
 
 Adanson, dans sonVoyage au Senegal, a, le premier, fait connaitre 
 Tanimal des Marginelles qu'il avail determinees sous le nom de 
 Porcelaine, en conservant le nom vulgaire de pucelage a toutes les 
 especes qui portent maintenant celui de Porcelaine , designation 
 que Lamarck a changee pour celle de Marginelle. Les especes de 
 ce genre ont etc long-temps ccnfondues parmi les Volutes, avec les- 
 quelles elles ont beaucoup de rapports. Elles en different seule- 
 ment par 1'existence d'un bourrelet au bord droit. L'animal ne 
 differe de celui des Porcelaines que par un peu moins d'ampleur 
 dans les lobes du manteau. Ala suite de ce genre , Lamarck a etabli 
 celui des Volvaires qu'il a extrait aussi des Volutes de Linnee ? et du 
 
 MARGINELLE. i 
 
2 GENRE MADGINEI.LE. 
 
 genre Mantelet d'Adanson. M. de Blainville, dans son Manuel de 
 Malacologie , ayant trouve beaucoup d' analogic entrc ce genre et 
 celui des Marginelles, lesa reunis en un seul* mais nous pensons , 
 comme M. Deshayes, que la distinction de ces deux genres doit etre 
 conservee, et que les Volvaires ne doivent renfermer que des espece 5 
 a test mince et bulloide , jusqu'a ce que Vanimal en soit connu. Les 
 caracteres de quatre especes de Volvaires de Lamarck etant les 
 memes que ceux des Marginelles, nous les avons reunies a ce dernier 
 genre. Nous avons chercbe a rapprocber et a disposer les especes 
 d'apres le nombre de leurs rapports entre elles , de maniere a en 
 former des groupes naturels pour indiquer le passage intermediaire 
 des Volutes aux Porcelaines. Nous pensons etre arrive a ce but en 
 les divisant en quatre groupes : le premier faisant suite aux Volu- 
 tes, et les trois autres arrivant progressivement au genre Porcelaine 
 par les especes dont la spire est ombiliquee ou nulle. Deux de ces 
 groupes sont divises eux-memes en plusieurs sections. 
 
 DIVISION DES MARGINELLES EN QUATRE GROUPES. 
 
 PREMIER CROUPE faisant suite aux Volutes. 
 SPIRE SAILLANTE COSTULEE. 
 
 M. Feverolle. 
 
 Bi fasciae. 
 
 d'Adanson. 
 
 Formicule. 
 
 M. Faba, Lara. 
 
 Bifasciasta, Lam. 
 
 Adansoni, Nobis. 
 
 Formicula, Lam. 
 
 DEUXIEME GROUPE. 
 
 SPIRE SAILLANTE LISSE. 
 
 SECTION, 
 
 M. Neijjeuse. 
 
 Goodall. 
 
 Nubeculee. 
 
 Rose. 
 
 Orangee. 
 
 Galonnee. 
 
 Helmaline. 
 
 Mouche. 
 
 Hematite. 
 
 Olive. 
 
 Raccourcie, 
 
 Bleuatre. 
 
 Cinq-plis. 
 
 Sillonnee. 
 
 Elegante. 
 
 M. Glabella,Linn.,Gmel. 
 
 Goodalli, Sowerby. 
 
 Nubeculata, Lam. 
 
 Rosea, Lam. 
 
 Aurantia, Lam. 
 
 Limbata, Lam. 
 
 Helmatina,Ranj. 
 
 Muscaria, Lam. 
 
 Hematita. Val. 
 
 Curta, So-werby. 
 Ccerulescens, Lam. 
 Quinqueplicala.Lam; 
 Strigata,Cbemn. 
 Elegans, Lister. 
 
GENRE MARGINELLE. 
 
 He SECTION. fM.Perle. 
 
 * M: Margarita, Nobis* 
 
 < Donovan. 
 
 , Donovani, Payr. 
 
 Colombelli formes Pepin. 
 
 Gran urn, Nobis. 
 
 Ill" SECTION. 
 
 M. grain d'Avoine. 
 A collier. 
 
 M. A vena, Val. 
 Monilis,Lam. 
 
 Volvairiformes. 
 
 Grain de ble'. 
 Grain de mil. 
 
 Triticea, Lam. 
 Miliacea, Lam. 
 
 TROISIEME GROUPE. 
 
 SPIRE RECOUVERTE EN TOUT OU EN PARTIE PAR LA MATIERE VITREE. 
 
 M. Double varice. 
 
 Cerclee. 
 
 Longue varice. 
 
 M. Bivaricosa, Lanu 
 
 Cinrta, Nobis. 
 
 Longivarico?a, Lam. 
 
 QUATRIEME GROUPE. 
 
 SPIRE OMBILIQUEE OU NULLE, OUVERTURE AUSSI LONGUE QUE LA 
 COQUILLE. 
 
 M. Avellana, Lam. 
 
 Persicula, Lam. 
 
 Lineata,Lam. 
 
 Tessellata , Lam. 
 
 Inlerrupta, Lam. 
 
 Catenata.Mat. et Rack. 
 
 Maculosa, Nobis. 
 
 
 M. Aveline. 
 
 
 Tigrine. 
 
 
 -Rayee. 
 
 T" SECTION. 
 
 Parquetee. 
 Intercom pue. 
 
 
 Encbainee. 
 
 
 Moucbete'e. 
 
 
 Mignonne. 
 
 II SECTION, 
 
 M. de Bellanger. 
 Dact\le. /v 
 
 
 Bullee. 
 
 Faisanlle passage 
 aux Porcelaines. 
 
 Cornee. 
 Cornaline. 
 
 M. Bellangeri, Wobis. 
 
 Dactylus, Lam. 
 ^-Bullata.Gmel. 
 
 Cornea, Lam. 
 
 Sarda, Nobis. 
 
 PREMIER GROUPE. 
 
 SPIRE SAILLANTE COSTULEE. 
 
 MARGINELX.E FEVEROLLE Marginella faba, Lmn. , GMF.L. 
 
 * a<*. , (Q 1 1 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LISTER, Conch., t. 812, fig. 22. 
 
 U P1 . 4, fi , , 
 
 M. testa 1 oblong^ , subflav^, anteriiis longitudinal iter costulatS, nigro punc- 
 tat3 j punctis saepiiis oblongis , per series transversas longitudinalesque digestis ; 
 spira prominente coslulata"; labro albido intiis crenulato ; columella quadriplicat/i. 
 
 Coquille oblongiie , d'un blanc jaunatre , avec des cotes 
 
4 GENRE MARGINELLE. 
 
 longitudinales sur les tours de spire,, au nombre de quatorze, 
 ne se prolongeant pas au-dela de son tiers superieur ; des 
 points noirs oblongs, en series espacees, forment des lignes 
 transversales sur toute la coquille; quelquefois d'autres 
 points plus petits , alonges et tres rapproches entre les cotes 
 du dernier tour de spire ; levre blanche ; des denticules 
 nombreuses a la partie interne ; la partie externe formant 
 un bourrelet tres prononce , marque de points brans inter- 
 rompus. L'echancrure de la levre peu marquee a la partie 
 superieure a sa reunion avec le bord gauche ; spire saillante 
 costulee ; quatre plis a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 1 1 lig. Larg. 6 lig. 
 Habile les c6tes du Senegal. 
 
 Cette jolie espece assez commune, ressemble exterieurement a 
 tine petite Volute; quelquefois une bande brune enveloppe en par- 
 tie les cotes du dernier tour de spire , et a la base de ce dernier tour 
 est situee une autre bande de meme couleur. 
 
 / 2. MARGIWEI.I.E BIFASCIEE Marginella l>ifasciata,I^i. W t 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) MART., Conch., 2, t. ^2, fig. 43i. 
 PI. II, fig. 8. 
 
 M. tesla 1 oblonga 1 , griseo-fulva , longitudinaliter costulala ; fasciis duabus fusces- 
 <vntibus cinctzi ; punclis per series Iransversas dispositis ; spira prominente costu- 
 lata" ; labro inliis crenulato ; columella quadriplicat^/ 
 
 Coquille oblongue, d'un gris fauve; des cotes longitudina- 
 les paralleles , au nombre de quatorze sur les tours de spire , 
 et finissant par s'effacer vers le tiers superieur du dernier tour 
 de spire 5 une bande brune les couvre en partie , et une autre 
 se trouve placee a la partie inferieure de la coquille ; de tres 
 petits points noirs sont disposes en lignes transversales sur 
 toute la coquille ; spire saillante costulee ; bord interieur 
 de la levre dentele dans toute sa longueur ; bord externe 
 
GENRE MARGINLLLE. 
 
 marque de b'gnes transversales brunes j quatre plis tres pro- 
 nonces a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 10 lig. Larg. 5 lig. 
 
 Habile les cotes du Senegal. 
 
 Cetle espece assez rare me paraitetre, d'apressa forme, une variete 
 de la feverolle. Les seules differences qui existent sont les points 
 iioirs beaucoup pluspetits et beaucoupplus nombreux que dans la 
 feverolle. 
 
 / 5. MARGIN ELL E D ADANSON Mareindla AJansoni, NOBIS. , 
 
 ^.*^, fawt,, 
 
 (Collect. KERAUDREJV) ADANSON. Voy. auS4neg.; pi. 4? fig. 2- 
 Pl. VII, fig. 27. 
 
 M. testa" ovato-oblonga , subflava , venosa multis lineis fuscis longitudinaliter 
 undulatis ; costis prolalis parallelis ; spira" prominente costulala 5 labro flavo intiis 
 crenulaloj columella qiiadriplicat^i. 
 
 Coquille ovale , oblongue , jaunatre , veinee d'un grand 
 nombre de lignes brunes , ondees dans toute leur longueur ; 
 des cotes longitudinales paralleles sur les tours de spire, an 
 nombre de quatorze , et qiu s'effacent insensiblement vers 
 le milieu du dernier tour de la coquille ; spire saillante 
 costulee ; levre jaunatre garnie de dents sur toute sa longueur ; 
 bourrelet tres prononce ; quatre plis a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 18 lig, Larg. 7 lign. 
 Habile les rocbers de Tile deGoree. 
 
 Cetle espece que Ton a confondue avec la prece"denle, comme 1'a 
 fait M. Sowerby dans le catalogue de Tankerville , s'en distingue 
 cependant fort bien en ce qu'elle a des lignes ondulees tres marquees 
 qui sont constantes. Nous rapportons a cette espece la description 
 et la figure d'Adanson dans son Voyage au Senegal , pag. 5a, pi. 4, 
 fig. 2, que Lamarck avail cru a tort etre celle dc la feverolle. 
 
GENRE MARGINELLE. 
 4. MARGINELLE FORMICUX.E Margindla formicula , LAM 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) 
 Pi. Ill, fig. 1 3. 
 
 M. test5 parva* , ovato-oblonga* , anterius longitudinaliter costatS , albidd vel 
 corneo lutcscente ; anfractibus superne angulatis ; spira prominente costata ; labro 
 intus lasvi ; columella quadriplicata 1 . 
 
 Coquille petite, oblongue., d'un blanc jaunatre ; des cotes 
 nonibreuses^ paralleles., longitudinales sur les tours de spire ; 
 vers le milieu du dernier tour y les cotes finissent par dispa- 
 raitre. Spire saillante costulee ; levre blanche ; bourrelet tres 
 prononce 5 quatre plis a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 5 lig. Largj 2 lig. 1/2. 
 Habite les mers de la Nouvelle-Hollande, pres de File Maria. 
 
 Gette espece differe des precedentes en ce qu'elle est beaucoup 
 plus petite et point coloree. 
 
 DEUXl^ME GROUPE. 
 
 SPIRE SAILLANTE LISSE. 
 
 I" SECTION. 
 "3. BTARGI?JES,I.E NEIGEUSE. Margmdla glabella, Liv.v., GMEL. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch. 8 18, fig. 29. 
 
 Testa ovato-oblong^ , sub-rubra , zonis rufo-rubentibus cincta, maculis minirnis 
 alb is adspersS 5 spira breve conica*; intus labro crasso crenulato ; columella quadri- 
 plicata 1 . 
 
 Coquille ovale , oblongue , rougeatre 5 parsemee depetites 
 laches blanches irregulieres , et entouree de deux bandes 
 d'un rouge plus fonce ; une zone de meme couleur existe a 
 chaque tour de spire. Spire assez courte., conique ; bord droit 
 epais, crenele interieurement^ recourbe en dehors et forniant 
 
GENRE MARGINELLE. 7 
 
 line legere echancrure a la partie superieure dela levre qui se 
 reunit avec le bord gauche ; quatre plis a la columelle , les 
 deux derniers plus obliques. 
 
 Long, 2 pouces. Larg. glign. 
 
 Habite les c6tes du Senegal, et se trouve en grande abon- 
 dance sur les roch.es de 1'llede Goree, 
 
 Cette espece, comme toutes celles dece genre,parvientaetre re- 
 couverte a son dernier degre de developpement d'une matiere vitree 
 qui finit par cacher une partie des couleurs naturelles ; aussi dans 
 cette espece la coquille devient d'un jaune blanchatre, et quelque- 
 fois toute blanche et ne laisse plus apercevoir que tres faiblement 
 les points blancs. 
 
 G. M&RGINELLE GOOD ALL. Marginclla Goodalli, 
 
 4u&\ 
 
 (Collect. M. LAJOIE.) CATAL. de Tankerville, pi. 2. fig. 2. 
 
 PI. VII, fig. 29. 
 
 M. test3 ovato-oblonga , perlucida , rufa , maculis rotundatis albis conspersd 5 
 spira brevi, obtussl, conica, anfractu ultimo maximo superne rotundato-angulato 5 
 labro crasso intiis denticulate ; columella quadriplicalsi. 
 
 Coquille ovale , oblongue , diaphane, de couleur rousse , 
 marquee de laches blanches irregulieres, arrondies, eparses 
 sur toute la coquille. Spire courte , obtuse , conique , le der- 
 nier tour ay ant un angle obtus a sa partie superieure. Ouver- 
 ture etroite ; 1'echancrure de la levre avec le bord gauche pen 
 apparente. Levre epaisse ^roussatre, crenelee dans toute sa 
 longueur a la partie interne ? recourbee en dehors et formant 
 un bourrelet tres prononce. Quatreplis a la columelle. 
 
 Long, i pouce.Larg. 6 lig. 
 Patrie inconnue. 
 
 Cette }olie espece differe essenti el lenient de la precedente en ce 
 que la forme en est plus globuleuse, les laches blanches plus grandes 
 et plus espacces ; on Ten distingue encore par Tangle obtus dc son 
 dernier tour de spire. 
 
GENRE MARG1NELLE. 
 
 7. IttARGITCELLE NUBECULEE. Margindla nubeculatti , I. AM. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch, t. 818, fig. 52 
 
 .!. 3. 
 
 M. testa ovato-oblong , subturbinata , albida; flammulis Jongitudinalibus uu- 
 dulatis , pallide fulvis , uno latere nigrinis ; ultimo anfractu superius obtuse angu- 
 lato } spira breve conica* , obtusiuscula* j labro intus lasvi ; columellti quadriplicata. 
 
 Coqiiille ovale y oblongue _, blanche , attenii.ee a ses deux 
 extremites 5 maculee de laches rosees bordees par des ligne& 
 ondulees de couleur brune plus ou moins foncee j le dernier 
 tour de spire formant un angle obtus a sa partie superieure ; 
 spire assez elevee^ conique ; quatre plis a la columelle , le 
 dernier se contournant vers la base de 1'ouverture 5 levre 
 blanche^ lisse; quelques lignes brunes transversales sur le 
 bourrelet. 
 
 Long. 17 lig. Larg. 8 lig. 
 
 Habiteles cotes duBresil. WOOD. 
 
 Cette espece devient quelquefois toute blanche: elle est tres re- 
 marquablepar Tangle obtus du dernier tour. 
 
 8. MARGINELLS ROSE. Marginella rosea , LAM. W.Wt. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) 
 PI. II, fig. 9 . 
 
 M. testa" ovata, albo roseoque tessellata ; spiral conoidea oblusa ; labro intus albo 
 laevique , extus varice transversim fusco lineato ; columella quadriplicata. 
 
 Coquille ovale^ blanche, marquetee de rose; lestaches sur 
 les tours de spire plus grandes et plus foncees ; le dernier 
 tour ayant un commencement d'angle obtus a sa partie 
 superieure ; une petite echancrure sur le bord interne de la 
 levre. Spire cono'ide , obtuse ; levre interne lisse et blanche ; 
 des lignes brunes sur la partie extern e du bourrelet. Quatre 
 plis a la columelle. 
 
GENRE MARGINELLE. t), 
 
 Long. 1 1 lig. Lajcfl. 6 lig. 
 Habile les mers du Senegal. / 
 
 Cette espece a des rapports assez nombreux avec la precedents 
 pour qu'on puisse les confondre. Cependant elle en differe d'une 
 maniere remarquable parsa taille plus petite et sur-tout paiTechan- 
 crure qui existe au tiers superieur du bord interne de la levre. 
 L'angle obtus que forme le dernier tour de spire est aussi beau- 
 coup moins prononce dans cette espece que dans la precedente. 
 
 S 9. MAB.GINELLE ORANGEE. MarginelLa aurantia , LAM. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) 
 PI. Ill, fig. ii. 
 
 M. testa oblonga" , aurantio-rubente ; spira conica, obtus3 ; labro intits crenulato j 
 olumella quadriplicala. 
 
 Coquille oblongue d'une couleur orangee rouge , piquetee 
 de blanc ; des maculations plus grandes de meme couleur 
 sur les tours de spire ; d'autresplus grandes encore et en zig- 
 zags forment autour de la coquille une espece de ceinture., 
 qui est quelquefois interrompue ; spire conique 7 obtuse ; 
 levre orangee , la partie interne crenelee ; quatre plis a la 
 columelle. 
 
 Long. 10 lig. Larg. 5 lig. 
 
 Patrie inconnue. 
 
 Cette jolie petite espece se rapproche de la Marginelle neigeuse 
 par sa coloration, mais les zigzags de couleur blanche qui latraversent 
 dans tous les sens Ten distinguent facileraent , et d'ailleurs sa taille 
 est infiniment plus petite. Chez certains individus la coquille devient 
 d'une couleur fauve. 
 
 10. MARGINELLE GALONNEE. Marginella limbata , LAM. (0. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) PETIVEK, pi. 102, fig. 10. 
 PI. ii, fi-. r>. 
 
 M. testa ovato-oblonga, albida,slrigis longitudinalibus, angustis, undalis. 
 
IO GENRE MARGINELLE. 
 
 luteis liaeatd; spira breve conica ; labro intiis crenulcito , extiis varice transversim 
 fusco-lineato : columella quadruplicate!. 
 
 Coquille ovale, oblongue, blanchatre, avec des lignes jau- 
 natres et ondees danspresque toute sa longueur. Spire courte, 
 conique ; levre blanche crenelee interieurement dans toute sa 
 longueur. Bourrelet tres prononce avec des lignes transver- 
 sales brunes sur sa partie externe. Quatre plis a la columelle. 
 
 Long. i3 lig. Larg. 6 lig. 
 Patrie inconnue. 
 
 Sur les individus adultesde cette esp^ce, la matiere vitreeest re- 
 pandue d'une maniere assez remarquable le long de la columelle. 
 
 li. MARGINEiLE HELMATINE. Marginclla lielmatina, 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) Magasin de zoologie de Guerin, pi. 5. 
 PL VII, fig. 28. 
 
 M. test^l ovato-oblonga , griseo-fulva 1 , fasciis duabus fuscescentibus cincta* ; punc- 
 tis nigricantibus per series transversas dispositis; spira brevi, conica; labro intus 
 crenato; columellcl quadriplicala. 
 
 Coquille ovale,, oblongue^ grise, parsemee de points innom- 
 brables formant de petites lignes ondulees d'un gris fauve y 
 disposees irregulierement en series; deux bandes transversales 
 mterrompuesforment des laches oblongues disposees aussien 
 series; spire courte,, conique; levre blanche crenelee interieu- 
 rement et marquee de lignes transversales brunes sur le 
 bourrelet ; quatre plis a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 8 lig. Larg. 4 lig. 
 
 M. Rang a trouve cette jolie petite coquille sur la cote d' Afri- 
 que, depuis Tembouchure dela Gamble jusqu'aux Bisagots. 
 
 Cette espece, comme le pense M. Rang, a beaucoup de rapports 
 avec la Marginelle galonnee. II est meme probable que ce n'est 
 qu'une variete de localite de la precedente. J'ai remarque sur unt 
 individu, que les points finissaient par se reunir, et formaient deja 
 des lignes ondulees, comme dans la galonnee. 
 
GENRE MARGIHELLE. II 
 
 /I2. MAHGINELLE MOUCHE. Margineila musraria , \*.tQ 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) 
 Pi. Ill, fig. 14. 
 
 M. testa parvula" , OYato-oblongS , diaphan^ , alba" , subflava 1 , interdiim luleo- 
 aurantia j spira prominente acuta ; apertura magna ; labro intiis laeri ; columella" 
 quadriplicata. 
 
 Coqiiille petite, ovale, oblongue, diaphane, d'lin blanc 
 jaunatre, quelquefois orangee; deux ou trois boursoufflures 
 sur le dernier tour de spire , la premiere etant toujours plus 
 prononcee et se prolongeant le long du bourrelet. Spire 
 saillante, pointue ; ouverture large ; levre blanche, lisse; le 
 bourrelet tres prononce ; quatre plis a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 6 lig. Larg. 5 lig. 
 
 Habite les mers de la Nouvelle-Hollande , pres de Tile 
 Maria ou, selon Peron, elle est tres commune, 
 
 Cette petite espece se fait remarquer par Tevasement de Touver- 
 ture de sa coquille et sa columelle un peu deprimee ou aplatie. 
 
 13. MARGINEXiI. HEMATITE. Margineila hematita , INosis. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) 
 Pi. VII, fig. 3i. 
 
 M. testa minimd, nitida , oblonga , sanguinea; spir^ prominente obtusa ; labro 
 intiis crenulato , extus varice maxime conspicuo- columella quadriplicala. 
 
 Coquille tres petite, brillante , oblongue , d'une couleur 
 uniforme sanguine ; spire saillante, obtuse ; levre de couleur 
 plus claire que le reste de la coquille , crenelee interieurement 
 dans toute sa longueur ; bourrelet tres prononce j quatre 
 plis a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 4 lig. Larg. i lig. 
 Habite la Meditcrranee sur les coles de la Sicile. 
 
12 GENRE MARGINELLE. 
 
 Cette petite espece differe de la precedente en ce qu'elle a 1'ou- 
 verture beaucoup plus etroite et la levre crenelee; la coloration en 
 est sur-tout tres apparente. 
 
 14. MARGINELLi: OLIVE. Marginella oLivceformis , NOBIS. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) *<** <**,. /O.Mf..*$J' 
 PI. VIII, fig. 36. 
 
 M. testa ovato-oblonga , carnea ; lineis longitudinalibus inaequalibus subalbi- 
 disque } tribus vittis transversis ; spira brevi conica ; labro albo laevi ; margine 
 superiore varicis aurantio; columella" quadriplical^. 
 
 Coquille ovale y alongee , couleur de chair ; des lignes lon- 
 gitudinales irregulieres et blancliatres ; trois bandes trans- 
 versales beaucoup plus foncees sur le dernier tour de la 
 coquille. Spire courte, conique; levre blanche lisse; bord 
 superieur du bourrelet orange ; quatre plis a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 7 lig. Larg. 5 lig. 
 Habiteles c6tes du Senegal. 
 
 Cette espece se distingue par sa couleur de chair et scs trois bandes 
 dont celle du milieu est la plus apparente. 
 
 13. MAIlGXNEIiXtX! RACCOURGIE. Marginella curia, SUWEKBY. 
 
 *Ji.j+.f*Ji*t*SiiJ 
 
 (Collect. WOLDEMAR ). LIST., pi. 656, fig. 9. 
 PI. VII, fig. 3o. 
 
 M. testA globules^ , ccfirulescente,- lineis longitudinalibus transversisque ; spira 
 breve conical 5 labro a'.bolsevi, intiis castaneo, varice cincto margine aurantio ;. 
 columelld quadriplicata. 
 
 Coquille globuleuse , d'un cendre bleuatre^ avec quelques 
 lignes longitudinales et transversales de couleur plus claire ; 
 spire courte, conique ; levre blanche,, lisse; rinterieur de 
 la coquille de couleur marron ; bourrelet entotire d'une 
 bande orangee se prolongeant le long de la columelle 
 qui est reconvene de matierc vitree formant une callosite 
 
GENRE MARG1NELLE. l3 
 
 tres prononcee ; quatre plis a la columelle , le dernier moins 
 
 apparent. 
 
 Long. lolig.Larg. 6 lig. 
 
 Patric 
 
 L'individu quenous avons figure vient de la collection de M. Wol- 
 demar. M. Sowerby lui a donne le nom de curta , que 'nous lui 
 conserverons. Cependant elle est connuedepuis long-temps etfigu- 
 ree dans Lister qui 1'a appelee unicolor, nom qui ne peut lui 6tre 
 conserve, plusieurs especes de ce genre etant d'une seule coulcur. 
 
 / 16. MARGINELLE BLEUATRE. Marginella ccerulescens , LAM. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LISTER, Conch., t. 817, fig. 28. 
 
 p.. i, fi g . 4. 
 
 M. testa ovato-oblongl , albido-coerulescenle ; spira" brevi , subacuta^ labro 
 intiis castaneo, margine interiore laerigRtb; columellS quadriplicata". 
 
 Coquille ovale,, oblongue^ d'un blancbleuatre; spire courte, 
 pointue ; levre blanche^ epaisse^ recourbee^ son bord externe 
 formant une gouttiere longitudinale; rinterieur de la coquille 
 de coiileiir marron ; 1'echancnire superieure du bord droit , 
 'i sa reunion avec le bord gauche , tres prouoncee ; quatre 
 plis a la columelle , les deux inferieurs tres rapproches. 
 
 Long. i5 lig. Larg. 6 lig. 
 Habile les c6tes de Tile de Goree on elle est tres commune. 
 
 Cette espece varie dans ses differents ages: tres jeune elle est 
 verdatre et transparente j Techancrure forniee par la reunion dela 
 levre avec le bord gauche est tres-prononcee. 
 
 / 17. MARGXJVEX.X.E CINQ-PLIS. Marginella fjuinqueplicata.'L^. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) Encycl. method., pi. 3n6 y fig. 2. a, b. 
 
 M. testa ovato-oblong3 , erassa, squalide albida, immaculate ; spira brevissimri ; 
 apice oblusiuscula ; labro crassissimo albidoque , intus laevi ; plicis columellae 
 quinis. 
 
 t 
 
 4$ T~*> *" &Z*s &*"*-} 
 
 / 
 
 ^&44* 
 
 u > 
 
 fc 
 
I 4 GENRE MARGINELLE. 
 
 Coquille ovale, oblongue., epaisse, d'un cendre blanchatre; 
 spire courte, rentrante,, detachee au sommet par une echan- 
 crureassez profonde; le bourrelet seprolonge en s'elargissant 
 sur la base de la coquille , et forme une espece de canal qui 
 finit par disparaitre entre le troisieme et le quatrieme pli de 
 la columelle ; cinq plis tres prononces a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 1 5 lig. Larg. 9 lig' 
 Patrie inconnue. 
 
 Cette espece assez rare est distincte de toutes les autres par son 
 epaisseur etpar son bourrelet tres prononce; lesjeunes individus 
 ont la spire plus apparente , et il existe quelquefois un sixieme pli 
 a la columelle qui se prolonge sur le ventre de la coquille. 
 
 18. MARGINELLE SILLONNEE Marginella strigata, Guai**.&jtt* t 
 
 lcct - MASS CHEMM " 10 ' l " I . 5o / fis ' l423 ~ 
 
 <&(,. ^./O.bff.rf! (i H. VIII, 6g.S7.**T -f 
 
 M. test^ oblongd, rotundata, dilata, subalbid^, sulcatS lineis subnigris longi- 
 tudinalibus , cum parvis denticulis adstrictissimis ; spir^ brevi 5 labro albido ; plicis 
 columellae quinis. 
 
 Coquille oblongue arrondie, elargie ; blanchatre^ sillonnee 
 de lignes brunes longitudinales , formant de petites dente- 
 lures tres serrees 5 quelques petites laches de meme couleur 
 formant des lignes transversales interrompues autour de la 
 coquille. Spire courte ; levre blanche ; bourrelet jaunatre 
 couvrant un peu le dessus de la base de la columelle jusqu'au 
 troisieme pli; cinq plis tres prononces a la columelle. 
 
 Long, i p. 4% Larg. 9 lig. 
 Habite les cotes de Guinee. 
 
 Espece rare , constamment distincte des precedentes par Tample 
 developpement de son dernier tour, son ouverture large etses lignes 
 faiblement ondulees, 
 
GENRE MARGINELLE. 
 19. MARGIWELLE ELEGANTE. Marginella elegans , 
 
 (Collect. MASS ) LIST., pi. 3o5, 
 PI. VIII, fig. 35. 
 
 M. testa 1 oblong^ , rotundala, subflavti; Hneis et vitlis transversis 7 fuscis, saepe 
 interruptis; lineis longitudinalibus albisj spiral brevi ; labroetvariceflavo-anrantio j 
 plicis columella3 sinis. 
 
 Coquille oblongue , arrondie ,, d'un blanc jaunatre , con- 
 vene de lignes et de bandes transversales brunes plus ou 
 moins elargies , souvent interrompues par des lignes longitu- 
 dinales blancbes ? ce qui forme sur la coquille une espece de 
 reseau; spire courte; levre et bourrelet d'un jaune orange,, ce 
 dernier se continuant sur la base de la columelle et se pro- 
 longeant jusqu'au quatrieme pli ; six pUs a la columelle , le 
 premier moins prononce. 
 
 Long. i3 lig. Larg. 7 lig. 
 Habite les mers des Indes Orientales. 
 
 Cette belle espece a beaucoup de rapport avec la precedente ; 
 elle s'en distingue cependant par ses six plis a la columelle , par 
 Tespece de reseau qui couvrela coquille et par sa forme moins globu- 
 leuse. Elle a ete nominee par plusieurs auteurs bullata', mais comme 
 ce nom est deja employe pour une espece de Lamarck, nous 
 avons cru devoir lui conserver celui d'elegans qui lui a ete 
 donne par -Lister. $L**A ^ 
 
 / II. SECTION. 
 
 LES COLOMBELL1FORMES. 
 
 20. MARGINELLE PERLE. Marginella margarita , NOBIS. 
 
 (Collect. MASSENA,) 
 PI. IX, fig. 42. 
 
 M. testa parva, ovata, columbelliformi , diaphana, alba, spira brevi conica ; 
 labro albo , inliis longitudinaliter crenulatissimo , exlus varice distinctissimo ; co- 
 lumella quadriplicata. 
 
iG GENRE MARG1NELLE. 
 
 Coquille petite, ovale, colombelliforme, diaphane,, blanche; 
 spire courte , conique ; levre d'un blanc mat ; des dentelures 
 ires prononcees tout le long de la partie interne ; bourrelet 
 assez fortement prononce ; quatre plis a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 4 lig- Larg. 2 lig. 
 Habile les mers des Indes. 
 
 Cette jolie petite coquille est bien distincte des autres especes par 
 su forme et sa coloration. 
 
 21. MARGI WELLE DE DOKO VAN Marginella Donovani , PAT*. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) DONOVAN, tome 5, pi. i65. 
 
 M. testa parva, ovala , columbelliformi , lasvi, niticla , subviridi; spirabrevi; 
 labro albo , laeviter denticulate ; columella quadriplicata : plicis minimis. 
 
 Coquille petite,, ovale^ lisse, colombelliforme , verdatre; 
 spire courte ; levre blanche; des dentelures tout le long de sa 
 partie interne ; bourrelet tres prononce ; quatre petits plis 
 a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 4 lig. Larg. 2 lig. 1/2. 
 
 Habile la Mediterranee, les c6tes de Provence, la Corse 
 et la Sicile. 
 
 Cette petite espece se distingue de laprecedente par sa coloration, 
 ses plis a la columelle et ses dentelures de la partie interne de la 
 levre qui sont beaucoup moins prononcees. II arrive sou vent que 
 les plis de la columelle sont en plus grand nombre ; et quelquefois 
 finissent par disparaitre en partie : c'est de cette espece que M.Risso 
 a fait son genre Erato. Comme cet auteur ne donne pas decaracteres 
 precis pour retablissement de ce genre , nous lui laisserons la place 
 que M. Payreaudeau lui a assignee dans les Marginelles. 
 
GENRE MARGINELI.E. 17 
 
 22. MARGINELLE PEPIN. Marginella qrunum , NORIS. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) 
 PI. VIII, fig. 33. 
 
 M. testa parva, ovato-oblonga , colombelliformi , fusco-carulescente; parvis 
 \errucis transversim longitudinaliterque disposilis ; spira brevi , conica ; labro 
 inliis denticulate 5 columella tota" plicala. 
 
 Coquille petite^ ovale , oblongue y colombelliforme y d'un 
 brun bleuatre , couverte de p elites granulations rangees en 
 lignes transversales et longitudinales ; spire courte , conique - 9 
 levre dentelee interieurement sur toute sa longueur ; bourrelet 
 brun clair ; plis tout le long de la columelle an nombre de 
 douze a quinze. 
 
 Long. 5 lig. Larg. 2 lig. 
 
 Habite surles rocliers de Sainte-Helene. *^ 
 
 Cette jolie petite espece se distingue parfaitement de la prece- 
 dente par ses granulations; elle a d'ailleurs une forme plus alongee; 
 sa coloration est tres vive^ dans certains individusles plis superieurs 
 de la columelle finissent par disparaitre , et il n'en reste plus que 
 quelques-uns apparents a sa base. Elle a aussi un renflement assez 
 prononce a la partie mediane et interne du bord droit. 
 
 IIP SECTION. 
 
 LES VOLVAIRIFORMES. 
 
 MARGIMELLE GRAIN D'AVOIE.3/ar^me//aawna, VALENCIENNES. 
 
 ^r, CIA****** ,&*,&- /o, 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) 
 
 PI. VI, fig. a4. 
 
 M. testa parva, oblonga , subcylindrica , alba vel subflava , diaphana; spira co- 
 nica ; labro Yersiis medium depresso; columella quadriplicata. 
 
 Coquille petite , oblongue ., subcylindrique , blanche on 
 MARGINELLE. 2 
 
l8 GENRE MARGINELLE. 
 
 jaunatre , diaphane ; spire conique ; levre comprimec vers le 
 milieu, ouverture etroite ; quatre plis a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 5 lig. i/'j. Larg. 2 lig. 
 Habile les mers des Indes Occidentales. 
 
 Cette espece a une forme alongee et etroite. Jeune, elle est jau- 
 natre, marquee sur le dernier tour de trois bandes transversales plus 
 foncees. Gette espece et celles qui vont suivre forment la petite di- 
 vision a laquelle nous avons donne le nom de Volvairiformes ; ce 
 sont les memes qui etaient comprises dans le genre "Volvaire de 
 Lamarck. 
 
 24. MARGINELLE A COLLIER Marginella monili* , LINN., GMEL. 
 
 A 
 
 * 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) 
 PI. VI,fi K . a3 
 
 V, /a , 
 
 M. testa parva, ovata, subcylindrica , opaca , nilida, lactea ; spira vis perspicua j 
 plicis colnmellai quinis vel sen is. 
 
 Coquille petite^ ovale, siibcylindrique., liiisante,, d'unblanc 
 de lait ; spire conique , a peine apparente - 7 cinq a six plis a 
 la columelle. 
 
 Long. 5 lig. 1/2. Larg. 2 lig. 1/2. 
 Habite les c6tes du Senegal. 
 
 Les habitants de la cote d'Afrique s'en servent pour faire des 
 colliers, d'oii elle tire son nom, aussi ia trouve-t-on dans les collec- 
 tions constamment percee. Chez beaucoup d'individus il n'existe 
 que quatre plis a la columelle, les autres disparaissant completement. 
 
GENRE MARGINELLE. IQ 
 
 25. MARGINELLE GRAIN DE BLE. MarQindla triticea , LAM. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) PETIVER, t. 102, fig. j5* 
 PI. VI, fig. as. 
 
 / iTV't^-* t l*l\* $22- A^t 
 
 M. testS ovato-oblonga 1 , subcylindrica, earned, tribus vittisfulvistransversis; spira 
 
 subprominul3 \ labro versus medium depresso ; columellcl recta subquadriplicala". 
 
 Coquille ovale, alongee, subcylindrique, couleurde chair; 
 trois bandes fauves transversales sur le dernier tour ; spire 
 courte , peu saillante ; levre blanche comprimee vers le 
 milieu ; ouverture etroite; quatre plisala columelle. 
 
 Long. 5 lig. Larg. 2 lig. 
 
 Habite la Mediter ranee, les cotes de Provence, la Corse, 
 les c6tesdu Senegal, les rochers de Tile de Goree. 
 
 Cette espece est moms cylindrique que la prcedente etbeaucoup 
 mo ins diaphane ; clle varie beaucoup dans sa coloration. 
 
 26. MARGINELLE GRAIN DE MIL. Marginella Miliacea, LAM, 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) ADANSON, Voy. au Senegal, pi. 5, fig. 4- 
 PL VI, fig. 26. 
 
 7 ' */ I / ti f T tl Jl- ^ 
 
 *. -. -Hwiirt >*<:<- , -*--*> . ^ 5 - - 
 
 M. testa parva , obovata , subpellucida , subflava ; tribus zonis fulvis j sp ra 
 vix oonspicUcl; labro albo obsolete crenulalo ; columella recta subquinqueplicata. 
 
 Coquiile tres petite y ovale^ transparente , jaunatre ; trois 
 zones fauves entourent la coquille ; spire peu saillante ; levre 
 blanche legerement crenelee ; quatre pLis a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 3 lig. Larg. 2 lig. 
 
 Habite la Medherranee et les c6tes du Senegal , Tile de 
 Goree. 
 
 Cette jolie petite espece est tres commune : on la trouve en grande 
 
 2. 
 
3O GENRE MARGINELLE. 
 
 quantite sur le bord de la mcr ou elle est constamment blanche ? 
 ses couleurs etant effacees. 
 
 Nous donnons aussi , pi. 6, fig. 26% la varietede la Marginelle 
 grain de toil, ddnt Lamarck avait fait a tort une espece sous lenom 
 de Volvaire grain de riz. 
 
 TROISIEME GROUPE. 
 
 SPIRE RECOUVERTE EN TOUT OU EN PARTIE PAR LA M ATI ERE VITRE'fi. 
 27. MARGIBJELLE DOUBLE VARICE. Marginella bivarlcosa, 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) BOKN., Mus. , t. 9 , fig. 5 , 6. 
 PI. Ill, tig. 10. 
 
 M. testa ovato-oblong3 , alba ; varicibus duobus ntrisque luteo-auranliis , spira 
 adnatis : labri varice alianuu, allero latere opposite ; spira brevissima, acuta ; co- 
 lumella quadriplicata. 
 
 Coquille ovale , d'un blanc mat ; deux varices envelop- 
 pant tout le tour de la coquille , la superieure plus mince et 
 se confondant avec 1'inferieure du cote de la columelle ; spire 
 courte , couverte en partie par la continuation de la matiere 
 vitree des deux varices ; levre formant un bourrelet tres pro- 
 nonce qui donne lieu a la premiere varice ; quatre plis tres 
 forts a la columelle , les deux inferieurs plus rapproches que 
 les autres. 
 
 Long, i pouce. Larg. -y lig. 
 
 Habite les mers du Senegal et les c6tes de Guinee. 
 
 Cette espece commune est tres remarquable par les deux varices 
 qui se prolongent le long du bord droit et cachent la spire en partie; 
 elle se distingue encore par sa blancheur eclatante. Chez les jeunes 
 individus la coquille est plus lgere et n'a qu'une varice. 
 
GENRE MARG1NELLE. 2rf 
 
 28. MAKGIItfELLE BORDEE Maigmclla cinclu } INuBis. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) 
 PI. VIII, fig. 3a. 
 
 M. testa oblonga, nilescente, alba, duabus zonis fulvis; spiia brevi ; labro albo, 
 varice aurantio , columella quadripiicata. 
 
 Coquille oblonguc, brillante, blanchatre , deux zones fauves 
 peu marquees traversant la partie superieure du dernier tour 
 de spire ; levre blanche ; bourrelet d'un jaune orange tres 
 prononce , se prolongeant tout autour de la coquille jusque 
 sur la spire et la cachant en partie ; spire courte ; quatre plis 
 a la columelle. 
 
 Long, ii lig. Larg. 5 lig. 1/2, 
 Patrie inconnue. 
 
 Cette espece est tres distincte de la precedente par sa forme qui 
 estplus alongee, et par sa varice qui est unique et fortementcoloree. 
 
 / 29. MAHGINELLE LO1MGUE VARICE. Marginella longi 
 
 LAM. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.)CHEMW., Conch., pi. 42, fig. 4 T 7 
 
 ni fi - - 
 
 M. testa ovalo-oblonga, pallide fulva , maculis albis minimis irregularibus ads- 
 persa; duabus vitlis sub nigris transversis'; spira brevissima ; labri varice longo , 
 usque ad apicemspirae adoato, luteo-iDaculalo ; columelia quadriplicataj 
 
 Coquille ovale , oblongue , d'un fauve pale , parsemee de 
 petites taches blanches irregulierement espacees; deux bandes 
 brunes transversales pen apparentes , celle du milieu plus 
 prononcee ; spire courte ; levre formant une varice qui 
 se prolonge jusque sur une partie de la spire ; le reste de la 
 spire est reconvert d'une tache roussatre j bourrelet marque 
 
23 GENRE MARGINELLE. 
 
 transversalement de quatre bandes de couleur roussatre ; 
 une tache de meme couleur existe a la base du dernier pli ; 
 quatre plis a la columelle. 
 
 Long. lolig. Larg. 5 lig^ 1/2. 
 Habile les mers du Senegal. }wt" C^*^ 
 
 Cetteespece assez rare se distingue des precedentes par son bour- 
 relet moins prononce et moins prolonge sur la spire , et par sa co- 
 loration. 
 
 QUATRIEME GROUPE. 
 
 SPIRE OMBILIQUEE , OUVERTURE AUSS1 LONGUE QUE LA COQUILLE 
 
 I" SECTION. 
 V 50. MARGINELLE A VELIKI Marginella aveilana, LAM. l^ 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) Encyclop. , pi. 377 , fig 5 , a , b. 
 
 PI. IV ,fig. 1 8. 
 
 M. testa ovata , rufula , pallide fulva , punctis rufis creberrimis adspersa ; spira 
 concava; labro intus crenulatoj columella octoplicata. 
 
 Coquille ovale y roussatre , nuancee de falive , parsemee 
 depetits points tres nombreux de couleur plus foncee ; spire 
 concave , couverte d'une tacbe brune ; levre blanche faible- 
 ment crenelee^ se prolongeant au-dessus de la spire,, et for- 
 niant une petite echancrure a sa reunion avec le bord gauche ; 
 base de 1'ouverture echancree ; huit et quelquefois neuf plis 
 a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 1 1 lig. Larg. 6 lig, 
 
 Habite 1'Ocean Indien. 
 
 Chez les jeunes individus les points sont plus espaces etla coquille 
 est entourec de trois bandes brunes qui se prolongent j usque sur le 
 bourrelet. 
 
GENRE MARG1NELLE. 
 31. MARGXNEX.Z.E TIGRINE Marginella persicula , LIMN , GMEL. 
 
 (Collect. MASS, LAM.) LIST., Conch., t. 8o3,fig. 10. 
 
 M. testa ovala,alba, punctis t,ubrubris rotundalis adpersa ; spira concava ; 
 labro intiis crenulalo j columella septemplicata. 
 
 Coquille ovale , blanche , couverte de points rougeatres 
 arrondis ; spire concave couverte d'une tache brune ; levre 
 blanche se prolongeant au-dessus de la spire et formant une 
 petite echancrure a sa reunion avec le bord gauche ; ouver- 
 ture un pen arquee dans toute sa longueur,, echancree a sa 
 base ; sept plis a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 9 lig. 1/2. Larg. 6 lig. 
 Habitel'Ocean Atlantique austral et les cotes d'Afrique. 
 
 Cette espece a tantde rapport avec la precedente, qu'il est bien 
 difficile de Ten distinguer; elle a cependant les points plus larges et 
 un peu plus espaces. Nous pensons qu'on ne doit la considerer que 
 comme une variete de la Marginelle aveline. 
 
 r 32. MARGINELtE RAYfiE. Marginella lineata , LAM. / 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., t. 8o3, fig. 9. * 
 
 V U *'^M. testaovatraTsubflava, lineis spadiceis remotiusculis prope labrum subramosis 
 cinct3 ; spira concava^ labro intus strialo ; columella snbseptemplicata. 
 
 Coquille ovale > jaunatre , couverte de lignes transversales 
 brunes ou rougeatres, au nombre de douze a quatorze , dis- 
 tantes, quelquefois interrompues et formant des angles aigus; 
 spire concave ; levre blanche finement crenelee interieurc- 
 ment, se prolongeant au-dessus de la spire et formant une 
 petite echancrure a sa reunion avec le bord gauche ou il 
 
24 GENRE MARGINELLE. 
 
 existe souvenl un depot calleux de matiere vitree; six phs a 
 la columelle qui est un peu arquee dans toute sa longueur. 
 
 Long, ao lig. Larg. 6 lig. 
 
 Habile les rochers de Hie de Gorde et ceux des lies du 
 Cap-Vert. 
 
 Cette espece singuliere est tres remarquable pav ses lignes trans- 
 versales bien distinctes. 
 
 f 55. MARGINELLE PARQUETEE Marginella tessetlata, LAM./^- 
 
 (Collect. MASS., LAM,) CHEMN., Conch. 10 , t. i5o, fig. 
 
 T" i/ t 
 
 if PL V, fig. 20. 
 
 M. testa parva , obovata, albida , punctis rufis quadralis transversis seriatis 
 tessellata : seriis confertis; spira umbilicata ; labro intiis crenulato; columelia plicis 
 praecipuis quinis instruct, supra aliis duobus seu tribus ininimis. 
 
 Coquille petite, ovale, blanchatre; des laches carrees 
 roussatres, presque regulieres, formant des lignes transver- 
 sales assez rapprochees ; spire ombiliquee; ouverture etroite; 
 levre bordee exlerieuremenl d'une large bande longitudinale 
 de couleur marron , legerement crenelee a la partie interne ; 
 des plis presque tout le long de la columelle ; six a sept plis 
 assez distincts,, ravant-dernier bifide et beaucoup plus gros 
 que tons les autres. 
 
 Long. 7 lig. Larg. 4 ^g J / 2 - 
 Habile 1'Ocean Indien. 
 
 II est impossible de confondre cette jolie petite espece avec la 
 precedente ; la coquille parquetee lui donne un aspect tout par- 
 ticulier. 
 
GENUE MARGINE1.LE. '2J 
 
 / 34. MARGINELLE INTERROMPUE Marginella interrupt, LAM. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) ADANSOW , Voy. au Seueg.; pl.i4> fig 5. 
 
 PI. V, 6g. QI. 
 
 M. testa parva, obovata, albida, lineis transversis fuscis confertissimis interrup- 
 tisque ; spira umbilicata ; labro intus obsolete crenulato ; columella quadriplicata. 
 
 Coquille petite, ovale , blancbatre; deslignestransversales 
 brunes , tres nombreuses et interrompues dans tout leur tra- 
 jet j spire ombiliquee; levre faiblement crenelee^ blanche , 
 se continuant jusqu'au sommet de la spire ; bourrelet tres 
 prononce ; des plis presque tout le long de la columelle , cinq 
 a six plis plus apparents que les autres,, Tavant-dernier beau- 
 coup plus gros. 
 
 Long. 7 lig. Larg. 4 lig. 
 
 Habile la c6te du Senegal et Tile de Goree. ^^'/^^ 
 
 Cette espece varie beaucoup dans sa coloration; quelquefois ses 
 stries sont tellement interrompues qu'elles finissent par former des 
 ondulations longitudinales; souvent aussi se montrent, sur de cer- 
 tains individus, des taches brunes plus oumoins grandes qui couvrent 
 les stries en partie, et qui d' autres fois sont d'une couleur verdatre. 
 
 i 58. MARGINEX.X.E ENCHAINEE. Marginella catenala , MATO.I ct 
 
 MATON et RACKETT, Trans. Linn. VIII, pag. i33. 
 PI. IX, lig. 2*. M- 
 
 M. testa parva, obovata, oblonga, subpellucida, albida , quaternis vittis albidis 
 transversis; punctis oblongis juoclis cum aliisparvulis rufulis ; spira vixcouspicuaj 
 apertura angusla; labro crasso vix crenulato ; columeM quadriplicata. 
 
 Coquille petite , ovale^oblongue,, subtransparente , blan- 
 chatre ; quatre bandes transversales d'un blanc opaque ; 
 de petits points oblongs joints par d' autres plus petits d'une 
 
26 GENRE MARGINELLE. 
 
 couleur roussatre forment des rates tres elegantes sembla- 
 bles a de petites chaines ; spire pen marquee ; ouverture 
 etroite j levre epaisse; les dentelures pen apparentes; quatre 
 plis a la columelle^ les deux inferieurs plus prononces. 
 
 Long. 3 lig. Larg. 2 lig. 
 
 Habile la bale dc Sairit-Auste pres Forvey , c6tes d'An- 
 gleterre. 
 
 Cette petite et elegante coquille a ete decouverte par M. Swain- 
 son. MM. Maton et Rackett, Font decrite dans les Transactions de 
 la Societe Linneenne de Londres, tome 8, page i33. La description 
 que je donne de cette espece est tiree de cetouvrage. 
 
 ' 36. MARGINEX.I.E MODCHETKE Margindla maculosa , NUBIS. 
 
 (Collect. deM rac Dupo]\T.) 
 
 ' 
 
 PI. IX,fig.4e.^ 
 
 M. tesU parva , ovat& , d/aphana ; parvulis maculis albis et subflavis, aliis ma- 
 culismajoribus per duas fascias transversas dispositis; spira umbilicata; labro laevi ; 
 plicis columelloe octonis. 
 
 Coquille petite^ ovale^ diaphane,, couverte de petites taches 
 blancbes et fatives; des taches plus gran des et plus foncees 
 forment deux bandes autour de la coquille ; spire ombili- 
 quee ; levre lisse 5 huit plis a la columelle , les inferieurs 
 plus apparents. 
 
 Long. 5 lig. Larg. 3 lig. 
 
 Patrie inconnne. 
 
 Cette jolie petite espece se fait remarquer par sa coloration lege 
 rement teintee de blanc et de fauve et sa transparence beaucoup 
 plus prononcee sur le dos de la coquille. * 
 
GENRE MARGINELLE. 27 
 
 Y 57. MARGINELLE MIGlfONNE Marginclla pulchella , NOD is. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) CATAL. de Wood, pi. 19, fig. 53. 
 PI. IX. fig. 40. 
 
 M. testa parva , ovato-oblonga, albida, lineb undulalis rufulis; maculisoblongis 
 tt curvis per tres series transversas interruptas digestis; spira umbilicata; labro in- 
 tiis laevij columella quadriplicata. 
 
 Coquille petite , ovale , oblongue , blanchatre , avec des 
 lignes roussatres et onduleessur toute la coquille 5 des laches 
 plus foncees ayant 1'apparence de petits croissants et formant 
 troisbandestransversalesinterrompues qui entourent le der- 
 nier tour ; spire ombiliquee ; levre lisse ; quatre plis a la 
 columelle. 
 
 Long. 3 lig. Larg, 2 lig. 
 
 Patrie inconnue. 
 
 x 
 
 Cette petite espece figuree dans Wood sous lenom deMonilis, a 
 et6 confondue par plusieurs auteurs avec la Marginelle grain deriz. 
 Elle s'en distingue par ses lignes ondulees sur toute la coquille, et 
 par les trois bandes transversales sur le dernier tour de spire. 
 
 
 II e SECTION, 
 
 FA.ISANT LE PASSAGE AUX PORCELAINFS. 
 
 58. MARGIKTELLE DE BELL ANGER. Marginella JJellangeri, 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) KNORR., 4 e partie, pi. 27, fig. i. 
 
 PI. IX, fig. 43. 
 
 M. tesla maxima , oblonga , subcylindracea , isabella ; striis longitudinalibus 
 albidis vix conspicuis; spira concava ; labro albo inlus lacvi; aperlura rufo-fulva , 
 varice maximoel rufo; columellu quadriplicata. 
 
 Coquille tres grande, oblongue, subcylindriqiic , d'une 
 
28 GENRE MARG1NELLE 
 
 couleur isabelle uniforme; des stries longitudiiiales d'uiic 
 couleur blanchatre et pen prononcees sur toute la coquille ; 
 spire concave et reconvene de matiere vitree ; levre interne 
 blanche et lisse ; I'interieur de la coquille d'un roux fauve ; 
 bourrelet tres prononce et roussatre ; quatre plis a la co- 
 lumelle. 
 
 Long. 3 polices 4 lig- Larg. i pouce 6 lig. 
 Patrie inconnue, 
 
 Plusieurs auteursont appele cette grandeet belle espece, Bullata; 
 mais ce nom nepeut lui etre conserve , car Lamarck a dejanomme 
 ainsi une autre Marginelle de la meme section : c'est pour cette rai- 
 son que nousavons donne a celle que nous venons de decrire le nom 
 de M. Bellanger, capitaine de fregate , qui le premier a fait connaitre 
 cette coquille en France. 
 
 39. MARGINELLE DACTTZ.E. Marginella daclflus , LAM. (0,442-* 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) 
 Pi. IV, fig. iff. 
 
 M. testa oblonga, angusta,subtereti, griseo-JFulva; apioeobluso; apertura angusla; 
 labro intus laerigato ; columella quinqueplicata- 
 
 Coquille oblongue , cylindrique , d'une couleur uniforme, 
 d'un blanc roussatre 5 spire non apparente^ recouverte par le 
 bord de la levre qui la depasse ; ouverture etroite ; bourre- 
 let assez fortement prononce ; cinq plis a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 1 1 lig. Larg 4 lig 
 Patrie inconnue. 
 
 (]ette espece est bien distincte de la precedente par sa laillc infi 
 niment plus petite et sa forme plus cylindrique. 
 
GENRE MARGINELT.E. 2C) 
 
 40. MARGZNELZ.E BUL^EE Marginella bnllala . ****> &&AJ 
 
 (Collect MA*n *TiAM ) Kimfmj Yorg. /j e part t i~rSj fi(r v T, 
 pi. IV, fig. 1 5. 
 
 M. testa ovato-oblonga 1 , cylindracea" , albido-grisea* , fasciis crebris anguslis 
 rubro-lividis cincta 1 ; spiral obtus^j labrocrasso , albo; columella quadriplicata. 
 
 Coquille ovale , subcylindrique , blanchatre , entoiiree de 
 lignes etroites et tres rapprochees^ formant souvent des bandes 
 et souvent aussi des carres irregiiliers d'un cendre roussatre ; 
 les interruptions de ces bandes forment des lignes longitudi- 
 nales qui sont tantot blanches , tantot de la couleur des ban- 
 des transversales qui paraissent etre le resultat de Taccrois- 
 sement ; levre blanche^ epaisse^ qui prend en s'elargissant sur 
 le dos de la coquille une couleur d'un roux h'vide , et se pro- 
 longe jusque sur la spire qu'elle couvre completement ; ou- 
 verture aussi longue que la coquille , etroite dans sa partie 
 superieure; quatre plis a la columelle. 
 
 Long, u lig. Larg. 5 lig. i/a. 
 Habile FOcean Indien. 
 
 Cette espece se distingue principalement par 1'elafgissement dela 
 levre versle dosde la coquille, et par sa coloration d'un cendre rous- 
 satre et quelquefois bleuatre. 
 
 / 4t. MARGINED LE CORNEE Marginella cornea, LAM. W t 
 
 (Collect. 
 
 PI. IV, fig. 17. 
 
 M. testa ovato-oblong5, nitida, albido-grisea , zonis tribus transversis obscure 
 auranliisj spir5 umbilicald ; labroalbo intus vix crenulato; columella septemplicata. 
 
 Coquille ovale , oblongue , brillante , d'un blanc cendre ; 
 
3o GENRE MARGINELLE. 
 
 irois bandes transversales d'une couleur orangee obscure 
 spire ombiliquee ; levre blanche faiblement crenelee interieu- 
 rement y se prolongeant un peu au-dessus de la spire et la 
 cachant en partie , sept plis a la columelle ; les superieurs 
 moins apparents. 
 
 Long. 1 1 lig. Larg. 6 lig. 
 
 Patrie inconnue. 
 
 Cetteespece> peu commune, se distingue tresbien de laprecedente, 
 parce qu'elle est un peu plus ventrue et par son apparence cornee j 
 les sept plis de sa columelle la font encore aisement remarquer; tres 
 adulteelledevient plus blanchatre et moins transparente. 
 
 42. MARGINELLE CO UN ALINE Margindla sarJa , NOBIS. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) 
 PI. IV, fig. 42. 
 
 M. Testa globulosa, subrubra^ tribus zonis transversis ; spira umbilicata ; labro 
 luteo, intus quatuordecim denlibus maxime perspicuis ; columela quadriplicata. 
 
 Coquille globuleuse^ d'une couleur rougeatre claire et 
 transparente avec trois zones transversales plus foncees y 
 celle du milieu plus coloree ; spire ombiliquee ; levre jaune 
 garnie a la partie interne de quatorze dents tres prononcees ; 
 bourrelet jaune tres apparent partant du sommet de la spire 
 qu'il cache presque entierement et se prolongeant sur la 
 base de la columelle j une tache de couleur marron a cha- 
 que extremite du bourrelet ; quatre plis a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 7 lig. Larg. 4 lig. 1/2. 
 Patrie inconnue. 
 
 Celte jolie espece est tres reinarquable par sa forme globuleuse 
 et les dentelures de la levre qui sont tres prouoncees et qui lui 
 donnent 1'aspect d'une petite Porcelaine; c' est aussi pour cetteraison 
 que nous 1'avons placee a la fin du genre, car elle forme le passage 
 des Marginelles aux Porcelaines. 
 
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 5. M. ciaq-plia 
 G. Al. (ralonnoe. 
 
 J\osc 
 
 7. M. 
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MARGtNELLKS 
 
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PL. 4 
 
 16. 
 
 I 
 
 VI. Buller. ^ 
 Al. J)aolvle. v 
 
 17. M. Conieo. 
 
 18. M. Aveliue 
 
 &~ 
 
MA1VG1NKLLES 
 
 PI . :> 
 
 21. M. mterrompue . 
 
 22. M. l\av<V . 
 
m 
 
 
M MUHM.U.KS 
 
 3. 
 
 20. if. a Collier. ''' 
 24, M. trrain d < 
 
 5. M. g-i-ain do M< 
 (i .M. o-raiu do Mil 
 
 . bis Al. cri-ain do Mil vai- u ' 
 
MA1U1IM.I.I.KS 
 
 Pi 
 
 
 t 
 
 M (V\(ianson 
 
 M. llolinaliur Mt44-* 
 
 3i: M. 
 
 29. M. Ooodall 
 
 5 O . M. Haorou 
 
 / 
 
33 
 
 ' 
 
 t 
 
 3a. M. Ori'ler . 
 
 53. M. IVpin. JAC"*"' 
 
 34 . M . Donovan , 
 
 35- M. Elegante. 
 
 ~ 
 3(>. M. Olivr. fK** 
 
 3y . M. SiHonnoo. 
 
 f. Jfnnif'ni/ ftn.fi/ ft &vf.re'f . 
 
38. M. Comaline. 4<Vtci*. 
 3t). M. Mouohoioo . ^tvt/W*/ 
 4o. M. AUjvnonne .^ 
 
 7^ fluni.'m'f A/i.rr'S 
 
 fa , M. Eixcliainee 
 
 42. M Porlo 
 
 43 . JVt . de Bellancr . 
 
GENERAL SPECIES 
 
 AND 
 
 ICONOGRAPHY 
 
 OF 
 
 RECENT SHELLS, 
 
 COMPRISING 
 
 THE MASSENA MUSEUM, 
 
 THE COLLECTION OF LAMARCK, THE COLLECTION OF 
 
 THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, AND THE 
 
 RECENT DISCOVERIES OF TRAVELLERS. 
 
 BY L. C. KIENER, 
 
 CURATOR OF THE COLLECTIONS OF THE PRINCE MASSENA, MEMBER OF THE 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF FRANCE, ATTACHE TO THE 
 
 MUSEUM OF NATURAL HI9TORYOF PARIS, ETC., ETC. 
 
 TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH 
 
 BY D. HUMPHREYS STORER, M. D. 
 
 BOSTON: 
 
 WILLIAM D. TICKNOR. 
 1837. 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1837, by WILLIAM D. 
 TICKNOR, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Mas- 
 sachusetts. 
 
 FREEMAN AND BOLLKS 
 Printers Washington Street. 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM, LINNAEUS. 
 
 THE BUCCINUM. 
 
 Generic character. Shell ovate or ovate-conical. Aper- 
 ture longitudinal, sometimes subrounded, deeply emarginated 
 at its base, and without canal. Columella simple, not flat- 
 tened, swollen above, and oftened covered with a wide and 
 flattened calcareous callosity, of more diaphanous substance. 
 There sometimes exists a fold at the base of the columella. 
 Right lip quite thin, oftentimes recurved, and forming a margin 
 on the exterior ; operculum horny, unguiform, of subconcen- 
 tric elements, and oftentimes marginal. 
 
 Testa ovata vel ovato-conica ; apertura longitudinalis, aliquando subro- 
 tundata, fortiter basi emarginata; canali nullo; superne turgida; labrum 
 tenue, aliquand6 recurvatum et marginatum ; opercula cornea unguifor- 
 mis, elementis subconcentricis, et seepe marginalis. 
 
 Animal oval, the foot almost always considerable, shielded 
 or two-lobed before, emarginated behind, bearing an opercu- 
 lum ; mantle simple, provided with a branchial siphon, pro- 
 jecting, thick, very long and dorsal, issuing from the emargi- 
 nation at the base of the shell. Head rather thick, furnished 
 with two conical, middling-sized tentaculae, supporting the 
 eyes upon the outer side, (sometimes the eyes do not exist, 
 but this case is extremely rare). Mouth provided with a 
 retractile trunk, armed with hooks. Sexes separate ; the ex- 
 citing organ of the male considerable, without an exterior 
 furrow at its base. 
 
 Buccinum. A 
 
2 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 This genus, originally established by Linnaeus, comprised so 
 large a number of shells, and so intimately allied to each other, 
 that the authors who first attempted to separate and class them, 
 could not do it without difficulty. Bruguiere was the first to be- 
 gin a great reformation in this genus ; but remaining incom- 
 plete, his work was left to be finished by Lamarck ; and it is to 
 that illustrious philosopher, always clear and exact in his classi- 
 fication, that we finally owe the accurate arrangement of the 
 shells of the genus which we are about to describe. He dis- 
 tributed a great number of them into different genera ; the re- 
 mainder still presented difficult distinctions. Lamarck, in his 
 examination, has had reference only to the shell, and especially 
 to the very distinct emargination, without canal, at its base, 
 which is particularly remarkable. Lamarck, whose comprehen- 
 sive and lucid glance so readily seized upon the mutual rela- 
 tions of genera to each other, found the NASSA and the BUCCI- 
 NUM so similar, that he has reunited them in his last work, 
 establishing only a simple division between them. 
 
 Under the genus NASSA are comprehended species generally 
 rather small, the aperture more rounded, having a wide and 
 flattened callosity upon the columella, sometimes almost entirely 
 covering the shell. Lately, M. Q,uoy has studied the particular 
 conformation of the animals of the NASS^:, that is to say, their 
 foot, ear-shaped before, forked behind, and their small operculum 
 often ear-shaped ; and he thought that they should be united into 
 a separate division, and even form a new genus. He further 
 rests this opinion upon another observation worthy attention, 
 the sprightliness of their motions ; but until all the animals of 
 the NASS.E and BUCCINA shall be well known, it will be difficult 
 to establish accurately this division, and to determine what 
 shells shall remain among the true BUCCINA. The NASS^E have 
 such striking relations to these in their organization, and par- 
 ticularly in the form of their shell, that we think it impossi- 
 ble, until new observations shall be found to confirm the opinion 
 of Quoy, not to follow the order established by Lamarck. The 
 species of this genus run into each other in so insensible a man- 
 ner, that we have been unable to form well-defined groups 
 among them. 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 3 
 
 The Buccina are carnivorous animals, provided with a cylin- 
 drical trunk, susceptible of being much elongated or of being 
 concealed entirely within the body ; this trunk is armed at its 
 extremity with beaks, which enable the animal to pierce the 
 shell of other mollusca, upon which it preys. 
 
 The sexes are separate. The shells of the males are gen- 
 erally smaller, and less inflated than those of the females. The 
 males are provided with a very large exciting appendage, which, 
 in a state of repose, is situated under the right edge of the 
 mantle. 
 
 The eggs are generally united together ; they are sometimes 
 driven and transported by the waves to distances far removed 
 from the places where they had been deposited ; whence the 
 same species of BUCCINUM are often found in very different 
 climates. 
 
 ,s . .***>>;*> , > ; 
 
 The BUCCINA are met with in all seas, especially upon rocks, 
 where they are in large numbers ; the warmest climates furnish 
 the species most brilliant in coloring. Some species serve for 
 food to the inhabitants of many countries, particularly upon the 
 shores of the Channel. 
 
 / 1. BUCCINUM UNDATUM. LINN., GMEL. The W 
 
 tf**x, n*wr#. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LISTER, Conch., t. 962, fig. 14, 15. 
 
 PI. II. fig. 5. Ji'1+y*,/ 
 
 B. testa ovato-eonica, ventricosa, transversim sulcata et striata, striis 
 longitudinalibus tenuissimis decussata, longitudinaliter plicata, albida vel 
 griseo-rufescente ; plicis crassis obliquis undatis ; anfractibus convexis ; 
 apertura alba aut flava. 
 
 Shell ovate-conical, ventricose, white, yellowish or reddish, 
 with a bright brown epidermis ; ridges and transverse striae 
 very prdminent, forming with the much less apparent longitu- 
 dinal striae/ a Species of- net-work ; nine whirls to the spire, 
 convex and crossed by oblique folds, thick and waved ; aper- 
 ture white, very large, ovate, deeply notched at its base ; 
 right lip arched. 
 
4 GENUS BUOCINUM. 
 
 Length 3 inches 6 lines. Width 2 inches. 
 
 Inhabits the seas of Europe, especially upon the coasts of 
 the Channel, where it is very common, and where the animal 
 is eaten. 1 
 
 This species is very variable in size ; also in its form, which 
 is more or less inflated ; oftentimes the oblique folds are not 
 apparent, and sometimes the transverse striae have wholly dis- 
 appeared ; the epidermis then, is of a deep brown. It varies 
 also in its coloring, which in some specimens is of a bright yel- 
 low or violet, surrounded with one or several reddish bands. 
 
 2. BUCCINUM VENTRICOSUM, NOBIS. The Ventricose Buc- 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) i l^jKf, J<~, 
 PL III, fig. 7. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, ventricosa, transversim tenuissime striata, striis 
 longitudinalibus obsolete decussata, albida vel griseo-rubente, fusco-nebu- 
 losa; anfractibus convexis, ultimo spira longiore; apertura rotundata, 
 albida aut rufescente. 
 
 Shell-, ovate-conical, ventricpse, of a reddish white, marked 
 with undulated brown spots with red edges ; epidermis of a 
 bright brown ; very fine and very close transverse striae, cross- 
 ed by very fine and slightly apparent longitudinal striae ; spire 
 elongated, pointed ; eight convex whirls to the spire, traversed 
 sometimes by slightly prominent longitudinal folds ; aperture 
 very effuse, dilated outwardly and widely emarginated at its 
 base ; right lip strongly arcuated. 
 
 Length 2J inches. Width 4 lines. 
 Inhabits the North Seas. V /,5*/fc/ * </&<+ 
 This handsome species, of which Prince d'Essling possesses 
 
 1 This shell is also found along the entire coast of New England. TR. 
 
G E N U S B U C C I N U M . 5 
 
 several specimens of different ages and sexes, is brought, I think, 
 from the Northern Seas. It appears to me to be very nearly like 
 the BUCCINUM Humphrey si anum of Bennett, (Zoological Jour- 
 nal, vol. I, p. 398, tab. 22). Nevertheless, I have been unwilling 
 decisively to unite it to that, because it wants several of the 
 characters assigned by M. Bennett to the individual which he has 
 described. That which I have figured, has the lowest whirl of 
 the shell much shorter and more ventricose ; the striae, which 
 entirely cover the shell, are closer ; this also does not exhibit the 
 bands which appear upon the lowest whirl of the BUCCINUM 
 Humphrey sianum. Among the number of specimens which I 
 have examined, was found a young one which approached nearer 
 to the figure of the BUCCINUM Humphrey si anum. I suppose 
 that the difference which exists between these two species, is 
 caused only by age or sex. 
 
 3. BUCCINUM L.AMARCKII, NOBIS. Lamarck's Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) 
 
 PI. III. fig. 6. 
 
 B. testS. ovato-conica, Isevigata, nitida,] luteo-rufescente, flammulis 
 spadiceo-rufis ; anfractibus superne subangulatis, supremis obsolete plica- 
 tis; apertura ovata, Isevi, albida; labro margine acuto. 
 
 Shell ovate-conical, elongated, smooth, shining, of a reddish 
 yellow color, scattered over with longitudinal flames of a 
 brown red ; a transverse band of the same color surrounds the 
 base of the shell ; spire elongated, composed of eight whirls 
 slightly angular at their upper part, and very slightly convex ; 
 the first whirls are plaited longitudinally ; aperture ovate, 
 whitish, strongly emarginated at its base, lip thin ; columella 
 smooth and^ yellowish'. 
 
 Length 3 inches. Width 1 inch 3 lines. 
 Inhabits 2 
 
 2 I have in my cabinet, a specimen of this shell, which was found on the 
 shore at Santos, Brazil, by my brother, Mr. Robert B. Storer. TR. 
 
Q GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 This species is very distinct from others in its size, in its 
 elongated form, the absence of striae upon the shell, and the 
 aperture being much more ovate. 
 
 4. BUCCINUM FUSIFORME, NOBIS. The Spindle-shaped Buc- 
 
 cinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) 
 Pi. v. fig. 12. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, luteo-rufescente, tenui, nitida subpellucida, trans- 
 versim longitudinaliterque minutissime striata ; anfractibus convexis, ulti- 
 mo spira longiore ; aperturd subrotundata, Isevi, luteo-rufescente ; labro 
 margine subreflexo. 
 
 Shell ovate-conical, of a reddish yellow, thin, shining, trans- 
 lucent, covered with very fine transverse longitudinal striae, 
 very close and hardly apparent ; eight convex whirls to the 
 spire ; aperture ovate, rounded, of a reddish yellow, emar- 
 ginated at its base ; right lip recurved and white ; columella 
 white and elongated, which gives to the shell somewhat the 
 appearance of a spindle. 
 
 Length 2 inches. Width 1 inch. 
 Inhabits 
 
 This species much resembles the BUCCINUM ovum of Bennett, 
 (Zoological Journal, vol. I, p. 366, tab. 13, fig. 9). But that is 
 represented of a more globular form, while the specimens I have 
 examined of the BUCCINUM fusiforme are more elongated, and 
 the whirls of the spire more detached. 
 
 5. BUCCINUM GLACIALE, LINN., GMEL. The Northern Buc- 
 
 cinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. 
 
 PI. II. fig. 4. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, longitudinaliter subplicata, transverslm sulcata, 
 fulvo-rubente ; anfractibus carinato noduliferis, ultimo carinis tribus cincto j 
 labro repando, margine reflexo; apertura rotundatd. 
 
 Shell ovate-conical, of a reddish fawn color, covered with 
 
GENUSBUCCINUM. 7 
 
 transverse furrows ; spire composed of seven or eight whirls, 
 traversed by thick, noduled folds, somewhat oblique, and much 
 less apparent upon the lowest whirl, which is encircled by one 
 or two very apparent convex keels, which rarely exist upon the 
 upper whirls. Aperture whitish, rounded, deeply emarginat- 
 ed at its base ; right lip white, reflected, and slightly emar- 
 ginated at its upper part ; columella white and waved. 
 
 Length 2 inches 9 lines. Width 16 lines. 
 Inhabits the Northern Seas. 
 
 This species is distinguished from all others, by one or two 
 keels upon the lowest whirl, and by the thick noduled folds which 
 traverse the other whirls ; these folds are seen strongly promi- 
 nent, only upon this species and the BUCCINUM undatum. It 
 differs from that, by its form, and particularly by its aperture, the 
 lip of which is bordered by a very distinct varix. 
 
 6. BUCCINUM ANGLICANUM, MARTINI. The English Buc- 
 
 cinum. . r.^.i.r ,-,,,.., ',4,,,, ,//,Vf ir -r i-M 
 
 ^nT^ r $ m 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., t. 963, fig. 17. 
 
 PI. iv. eg. 9. ^. 
 
 B. test& oblonga, conica, tenuiuscula, transversim sulcata et striata, 
 rufo-fuscescente ; striis longitudinalibus obsoletis; sulcis transversis promi- 
 nulis; anfractibus convexis, superne depressis; spira obtusa; columella 
 subverrucosa. 
 
 Shell oblong, conical, rather thin, of a reddish brown color, 
 covered transversely with striae and ridges, with some slightly 
 apparent longitudinal striae ; the transverse ridges are raised 
 and very prominent ; spire elongated ; seven whirls to the 
 spire, convex and depressed at their upper part ; the low- 
 est whirl is longer than all the others together; aperture 
 elongated, ovate, of a reddish yellow, slightly emarginated at 
 its base ; lip thin, forming at its upper and internal part a 
 sort of small canal at its union with the left lip ; columella 
 almost straight, subverrucose, and of a reddish yellow. 
 
 * 
 
g GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 Length 2 inches. Width 9 lines. 
 Inhabits the seas of England and Norway. 
 
 This species is easily distinguished by its turreted form, the 
 ridges and transverse stria?, and by the slightly angular whirls of 
 the spire. 
 
 7. BUCCINUM LIGATUM, NOBIS. The Bound Buccinum. 
 
 o ,, ect . MASS . LAM . } 
 
 /W f PI- V. fig. 15. 
 
 B. testa ovato-oblonga, rugis convexiusculis succincta, griseo-rufescente, 
 anfractibus convexis, margine superiore planis et adnato limbosis ; aperturk 
 alba, laevigata. 
 
 Shell ovate-oblong, reddish, surrounded by strongly promi- 
 nent ridges, which are seven in number upon the lowest whirl. 
 Between the ridges are seen pretty fine and very regular 
 striae ; longitudinal lines, slightly apparent and distant, of a 
 deeper color, form upon t^ie ridges species of rings. Epider- 
 mis of a deep brown color ; spire composed of six distinct, 
 convex whirls, the lowest very large, compressed and re-enter- 
 ing at its upper part ; aperture ovate, elongated, whitish, pretty 
 strongly emarginated at its base ; lip slightly undulated, form- 
 ing at its upper and internal part, a small canal. The colu- 
 mella is white and slightly arched. 
 
 Length 2 inches 3 lines. Width 14 lines. 
 Inhabits the coasts of the Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 We restore to the genus BUCCINUM this species, which La- 
 marck placed among the Purpurae, under the name of PUR- 
 PURA ligatum; it is very analogous to the BUCCINUM Anglica- 
 num ; but it nevertheless differs, in that the whirls of the 
 spire are less turreted and less convex. The aperture is much 
 larger and more effuse than in that ; lastly, the brown lines 
 do not exist upon the BUCCINUM Anglicanum, and the ridges 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 9 
 
 are more numerous and less distant in that which we have 
 described. 
 
 8. BUCCINUM PAPYRACEUM, BRUG. The Paper 
 
 X^Jt 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., pi. 96^, fig. 16. 
 
 PI. IV. fig. 10. &^,fi/tj4M 
 
 B. testa ovato-oblonga, tenui, transversim striata, albo-rufescente : an- 
 fractibus convexis superne depressiusculis ; spira peracuta ; labro tenuissi- 
 mo, acuto, intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, thin, reddish, of a deeper color to- 
 wards the base, covered with transverse approximate striae, 
 slightly raised, more strongly prominent at the lower part, and 
 upon the upper whirls, some slightly apparent longitudinal 
 striae ; spire pointed, composed of seven or eight convex 
 whirls, slightly depressed at their upper part ; aperture white, 
 ovate, elongated, terminated at its upper part by a small 
 canal, formed by a curve at the top of the right lip, and a 
 transverse wrinkle of the left lip ; right lip thin, sharp, finely 
 denticulated, marked interiorly with transverse striae which do 
 not extend far into the cavity, nineteen, twenty, and even 
 sometimes more in number ; columella white, almost straight. 
 
 Length 2 inches. Width 1 inch. 
 Inhabits the Seas of Norway. 
 
 The specimen which served for the description of Bruguiere is 
 the same as that of Lamarck; this specimen appears to me to 
 have been young ; for those which I have examined, belonging 
 unquestionably to the same species, are thicker, with less ap- 
 parent exterior striae ; only the transverse and internal striae of 
 the right lip are always very distinct. 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 9. BUCCINUM ANNULATUM, LAM. Theltmged Buctinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) Encycl., pi. 399, fig. 4, a, b. 
 
 PI. IV. fig. 11. 
 
 B. test ovato-conica, transversim striata, albo-rufescente, anfractibus 
 superne angulatis . angulo annulatim cingulifero ; apertura laevi ', labro 
 tenui, simplice, inferne repando. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, transversely striated, of a reddish white 
 color ; spire pointed, composed of nine angular whirls, de- 
 pressed at their upper part, where they are surrounded by a 
 sort of wrinkled ring ; the whirls of the spire, with the exception 
 of the last, are by no means convex ; aperture ovate, whitish, 
 emarginated at its base ; right lip thin, sharp, forming a small 
 canal at its upper and internal part at its union with the left 
 lip; columella white. 
 
 Length 9 lines. Width 6 lines. 
 Inhabits 
 
 This species is remarkable for its pointed spire, and its angu- 
 lar whirls, the upper ones having their margin slightly scaly. 
 
 10. BUCCINUM COCHODIUM, CHJSMN. The Stair-case Sue- 
 
 / -i./ 1 / / cinum. 
 
 ^^{(Uw*"'' V' 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) MARTINI, pi. 55. 
 
 PI. VI. fig. 17. J;l**ftrr< .?ZV 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, crassiuscula, lasvi, luteo-rubente, lineis longitudina- 
 libus rufo-fuscis, anfractibus angulatis, complanatis, ultimo convexiusculo, 
 spira longiore, supernis ad angulam subplicatis; apertura griseo-lutescente ; 
 labro simplici, basi repando. 
 
 Shell ovate, fusiform, very thick, smooth, whitish, orna- 
 mented throughout its whole length with lines, generally undu- 
 lated, of a reddish fawn color ; spire conical and pointed, 
 formed of seven or eight strongly prominent whirls, flattened 
 above, and presenting a species of canal, and an obtuse, con- 
 
 & 
 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. JJ 
 
 vex slope ; the upper whirls are crowned upon the slope with 
 a small row of tubercles ; between each suture of the whirls of 
 the spire, exists a deposit of white and smoother matter, which 
 is seen at the upper part, and which terminates by a sort of 
 callosity upon the side of the columella ; aperture reddish, wide 
 and ovate, terminated by a pretty large emargination ; lip 
 simple and arched. 
 
 Length 2 inches. Width 1 inch 6 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the islands of the South Sea, and especially the 
 coasts of New Zealand. 
 
 This handsome species is particularly remarkable by the tur- 
 reted whirls, and above all by an original deposit of whiter cal- 
 careous matter, which is seen at the upper part of the lower 
 whirls of the shell. 
 
 The young specimens of this species appear to approximate 
 in their form and diminutiveness, the BUCCINUM carinatum of 
 Turton (Conch. Dictioji. page 13, tab. ,26, fig. 94), which has 
 been found in the bay of Dublin, upon'tne coasts of England, 
 and upon those of Ireland. 
 
 11. BUCCINUM MONIOFERUM, VAL. The Collared Buc- 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) 
 
 PI. Ill, fig. 8. 
 
 B. testa ovato-oblonga, laevi, albido-lutescente, duabus fasciis interruptis 
 fuscis ; anfractibus subconvexis, duobus infimis superne angulatis, ad angu- 
 lum tuberculis subspinosis coronatis ; labro simplici, margine peracuto, 
 basi subrepando. 
 
 Shell ovate, oblong, fusiform, smooth, whitish, slightly 
 diaphanous, surrounded by two brown bands, interrupted by 
 very prominent chestnut-colored spots upon the lowest whirl 
 of the spire ; a band of the same color, but less distinct, exists 
 upon the other whirls; spire composed of seven or eight 
 
12 GENUSBUCCINUM. 
 
 slightly angular whirls, the two or three lowest, crowned with 
 a row of elongated, solid, pointed tubercles, pretty near to each 
 other ; the tubercles of the upper whirls are less apparent. 
 The aperture is yellowish, ovate ; base pretty strongly emar- 
 ginated ; lip thin, arched, marked internally by two transverse 
 brown bands, which are very apparent externally. 
 
 Length 1 inch 6 lines. Width 8 lines. 
 Inhabits the coasts of Newfoundland. 3 
 
 This pretty species is very remarkable for the tubercles or 
 spines which project from the whirls of the spire, and which 
 are particularly prominent upon the lowest. It has great resem- 
 blance to the preceding in its form, but it is easily distinguished 
 by its different size, the BUCCINUM moniliferum being much 
 smaller. 
 
 12. BUCCINUM GL.OBUr.OSUM, NOBIS. Tfie Globular Bucci- 
 
 I (Collect. MASS.) 
 
 PI. X. fig. 33. 
 
 B. testa ovata, ventricosa, laevi, violacea, basi larga fascia albescente ; 
 apertura dilatata, ovaliformi ; cojumella flavescente ; labro intus rubescente. 
 
 Shell ovate, smooth, ventricose, spire formed of six slightly 
 convex whirls ; the lowest very large, slightly canaliculated ; 
 the coloring is of a deep violet and oftentimes of a yellowish ash 
 color, with a small white band which borders the base of each 
 whirl of the spire. There exists also at the base of the shell, 
 a large band of a grayish white color ; upon some specimens 
 longitudinal whitish lines are seen, which are the vestiges of 
 the several additions to the shell. Aperture large and ovular. 
 The columella is strongly arched, and upon all its length is 
 
 3 Specimens of both the cochlidium and moniliferum are in my cabinet, 
 found at Rio Janeiro, and I cannot but think the above locality is erro- 
 neous. TR. 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. ]3 
 
 seen a callosity of a yellowish color. The lip is of a reddish 
 brown internally. 
 
 Length 21 lines. Width 13 lines. 
 Inhabits 
 
 This shell is very different from other species in its form, 
 which is globular, and its color, of a deep violet. In some spe- 
 cimens the spire is more elongated, and sometimes, within the 
 shell, where it is of a paler violet, are delineated deeper bands ; 
 one only exists upon the upper whirls, and two broader upon 
 the lowest. 
 
 This species strongly resembles in its form the BUCCINUM 
 ovum of Turton, figured in the Zoological Journal, vol. II. 
 pi. 13, fig. 19 ; but it is thicker and more colored than that, 
 which, on the contrary, is thin and of an ivory white. 
 
 >-" 13. BUCCINUM TESTUDINEUM, CHEMNITZ. The Tortoise- 
 Shell Buccinum. / / 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) MART., pL 7, 8, 49. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, laevigata, cinereo-fuscescente, taeniis transversis 
 albo et nigro tessellatim articulatis; apertura Iffivi; labro tenui, margine 
 acuto. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, of a bluish ash color, traversed by dis- 
 tant lines, articulated and generally formed by oblong black 
 points ; the spots upon the upper whirls are larger, flamed, 
 more or less numerous. Seven whirls to the spire ; they are 
 slightly convex, and united by a pretty fine and regular linear 
 suture. The aperture is oblong ovate, slightly longitudinal, 
 smooth and of a chamois-yellow color ; the right lip is thin 
 and sharp. 
 
 Length 2 inches. Width 1 inch. 
 Inhabits the seas of New Zealand. 
 
 We have figured several specimens of the shell at different 
 ages and of different varieties, to show how much this species 
 
14 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 varies in its form and coloring, in its different stages. The 
 shell which served for the description of Lamarck, a figure of 
 which we give in plate VII, fig. 22, was young; whence the color 
 of the aperture presented him only a whitish tint upon the colu- 
 mella, and several large brown bands are seen upon the inner 
 edge of the lip. 
 
 The specimens brought from New Zealand by duoy and 
 Gaimard are generally much larger, and more colored. One of 
 these specimens has served us for the first figure of our first 
 plate. Other specimens again, brought by these two learned, 
 naturalists, offer us a very distinct variety, which is found figur- 
 ed in Martini, pi. 7, under the name of BUCCINUM striatum ; 
 this variety is generally more globular. The spire is pointed, 
 shorter, and sometimes re-entering ; the upper whirls are often- 
 times folded. The callosity at the top of the aperture is thick, 
 and strongly prominent. The columella is arched, and slightly 
 umbilicated. 
 
 ,/ We regard as a variety of this last shell, a species figured also 
 
 iri the work of Martini, pi. 49, under the name of BUCCINUM 
 maculatum. This shell differs principally from the preceding 
 specimen ,^n its size, and in the whirls of the spire which are 
 more rounded. The columella is almost straight, smooth, a 
 little projecting at its base, which partially covers a pretty dis- 
 tinct umbilicus, encircled by a margin which exists at the base 
 of the emargination. We give as this variety pi. I, fig. 2. 
 
 Quoy and Gaimard have given in their valuable work, Voyage 
 de T Astrolabe, pi. 30, fig. 12, the figure of a specimen of this 
 same variety, but without regular transverse points. 
 
 v 14. BUCCINUM L.INEOL.ATUM, QUOY et GAIMARD. The Li- 
 
 neated Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS, et Mus.) Voyage de P Astrolabe, pi. 30, 
 fig. 14-16. 
 
 PI. I, fig. 3. 
 
 B. testA conica, fusiform!, laevi, luteo-virescente, nigro transversim 
 lineata ; apertura ovali, aurantiaca ; margine dextro sulcato. 
 
 Shell smooth, spindle-shaped, spire elongated, pointed, 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. |g 
 
 canal short, aperture pretty large, oval, right lip marked 
 throughout its whole extent by deep violet colored lines, 
 crossed by white lines. The columella is smooth, and of a 
 bright yellow color, as well as the edge of the right lip. Ex- 
 ternally, the ground color is of a greenish brown, banded with 
 black. These transverse striae are definite and at regular dis- 
 tances ; six or eight appear on the lowest whirl. The opercu- 
 lum is very small, unguiculated, pointed, and of a reddish brown. 
 
 Length 15 lines. Width 7 lines. 
 Inhabits the Bays around New Zealand. 
 
 This Buccinum is common in the Bays dividing New Zea- 
 land ; it is found at low tide among the stones on the shore. 
 Lamarck had established a species under this name ; but the 
 specimen which he described was a young BUCCINUM testudi- 
 neum, the oblong points of which also form transverse and in- 
 terrupted lines, but less continued and less distant than those of 
 the BUCCINUM lineolatum. We give a figure of it in pi. VIII, 
 fig. 25. 
 
 The name of lineolatum was given to this species by Quoy and 
 Gaimard, who brought it from New Zealand. 
 
 15. BUCCINUM DELAL-ANDII, NOBIS. Delalande's Buccinum. 
 (Collect. MASS, et Mus.) ^HEMN. pi. 152, fig. 1455J 
 Pi. V, %. 14. Mtt, $0*4* . 
 
 B. testA ovato-oblonga, subturriculata, cinerea, transverslm tenuissim& 
 striata, fasciis longitudinalibus undulatis ; spira acutii ; apertura ovato- 
 oblonga ; labro laevi, albo, dilatato, intus striato, rubescente ; epidermi 
 virescente. 
 
 Shell ovate, elongated, subturrited ; external surface of a 
 bluish ash color, marked with very fine, close striae ; it is also 
 ornamented with longitudinal undulated bands or flames, form- 
 ed by lines more or less approximated ; epidermis greenish ; 
 spire slightly pointed, composed of six whirls, which are 
 
Ig GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 slightly convex, and united by a pretty delicate regular suture. 
 Aperture oblong ovate, effuse towards the base ; right lip 
 smooth and white, marked interiorly, at a short distance from 
 the edge, with sixteen or eighteen transverse striae of a reddish 
 brown ; columella slightly arched and whitish. 
 
 Length 16 lines. Width 9 lines. 
 Inhabits the rocks of the Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 This species resembles exceedingly the BUCCINUM testudi- 
 neum ; but it differs, nevertheless, in its form, which is a little 
 more elongated, and in its more spreading aperture. Besides, 
 the spots on the shell do not form transverse lines, but blotches, 
 or longitudinal waved bands. The striae upon the interior of the 
 aperture also do not exist in the BUCCINUM testudineum. 
 
 I have given to this shell the name of Delalande, who first 
 made it known ; he obtained it in his voyage to Africa, a voyage 
 so useful to science by the numerous collections which were 
 made, and with which the Museum was enriched. 
 
 16. BUCCINUM QUOYII, NOBIS. Quay's Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect, du Museum.) 
 PI. V, fig. 13. 
 
 B. testa ovato-oblonga, fulva ; transvefsim plurimum, longitudinaliter te- 
 nuissime striata ; spira acuta ; columella prominulci ; apertura ovaliformi, 
 rubescente ; labro arcuato, interne striato. 
 
 Shell oblong-ovate, of a red brown, furrowed throughout its 
 whole extent by regular transverse striae, numerous, pretty 
 near, interwoven by other very fine longitudinal striae ; spire 
 pointed, composed of seven whirls, each whirl, except the 
 lowest, adorned with longitudinal tubercles or ribs ; the colu- 
 mella projecting a little above an incipient umbilicus, which 
 penetrates it at the base of the emargination. Aperture 
 ovular, provided with a callosity upon the left lip, which is of 
 a beautiful reddish color ; lip arched, plaited upon the internal 
 edge as often as there are striae externally. 
 
GENUS BUCOINUM. 17 
 
 Length 1 inch 8 lines. Width 11 lines. 
 Inhabits New Zealand. 
 
 This species, established from a specimen brought to the 
 Museums by Quoy and Gaimard, resembles the BUCCINUM tes- 
 tudincum ; but it differs materially from it in its uniform red- 
 dish brown color,. and the very prominent transverse ridges. 
 
 17. BUCCINUM PAYTENSE, VAL. The Payta Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect, du Museum.) 
 Pi. VI, fig. 16. 
 
 B. testa ovato-oblonga, Isevi, albida, lineis longitudinalibus rufescentibus 
 maculata; spira elongata, acula ; apertura albida, ovata; labro tenui ; 
 columella alba. 
 
 Shell ovate, oblong, smooth, whitish, marked with longitu- 
 dinal reddish lines. The epidermis which covers it, is pretty 
 thick, and of a beautiful chestnut color. The spire is elon- 
 gated, pointed, composed of seven slightly convex whirls ; 
 aperture whitish, ovate, slightly narrowed towards the upper 
 part, and widened at the base, which is rather deeply emar- 
 ginated ; lip thin, slightly rounded, compressed towards its 
 upper third ; upon the columella is observed a white callosity, 
 adhering to the body of the shell, and partially formed by 
 the left lip. 
 
 Length 2 inches 3 lines. Width 1 inch. 
 Inhabits the rocks of Payta upon the coasts of Peru. 
 
 This species was presented to the Museum by Lesson and 
 Garnot, who brought it among the numerous objects collected 
 during their voyage around the world. It clearly very much 
 resembles the BUCCINUM testudineum ; but it is distinguished 
 from it by the more elongated whirls of the spire, and by its 
 coloring, which is different. That which we describe has red- 
 dish longitudinal lines, whilst in the BUCCINUM testudineum, 
 Buccinum. B 
 
Jg GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 points, more or less elongated, form, on the contrary, trans- 
 verse lines. 
 
 18. BUCCINUM L^EVISSIMUM, GMEL. The Smooth Buccinum. 
 
 $***&* s&Mj, 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., t. 978, fig. 35. 
 PI. VII, fig. 20. &My c/< 
 
 B. testa ovato-oblonga, laevissirna, nitida, luteo-fulva et cserulescente ; an- 
 fractibus convexiusculis, conatis; spira breviuscula,obtusiuscula ; apertura 
 loevi; labro arcuato, inferne repando. 
 
 Shell ovate, oblong, ventricose, smooth, whitish ; some 
 slightly apparent, transverse-brown bands ; epidermis reddish 
 brown ; convex longitudinal folds formed by the growth of 
 the shell ; spire short, obtuse, sutures slightly apparent ; 
 aperture smooth, oblong and wide, narrowed at the upper 
 part, somewhat more dilated at its base, where it is terminated 
 by an oblique, wide emargination. The lip is thin, rounded, 
 colored internally of a fawn color. Externally, near the base, 
 is observed a prominent fold, which is continued winding 
 round as far as the inferior third of the columella; this is 
 arcuated, and slightly oblique. 
 
 Length 2 inches 3 lines. Width 1 inch 3 lines. 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean, and the Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 According to the able observations of Quoy and Gaimard, the 
 animal of this species is blind ; and what renders it particularly 
 remarkable, is a very large foot, extending from all parts of the 
 shell. The operculum is exceedingly small. This mollusk 
 possesses the power of absorbing by its foot, by means of pores 
 with which this part is provided, a large quantity of water, which 
 it throws off again, when it is disturbed, in several directions. 
 It lives in deep water, and when it is brought towards the shore, 
 its foot still farther enables it to bury itself in the sand. It is 
 very voracious : it is generally taken, by placing a piece of flesh, 
 as bait, in a net. 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 19 
 
 * 19. BUCCINUM CALLOSUM, WOOD. The Callous Buccinum. 
 
 . > i '; . t 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) CHEMN. vign. 40, fig. 2. 
 
 PI. VI, fig. 18 and 19. 
 
 B. testa elongata, cylindriformi, laevi, nitida atro-cinerea ; spira elongatA, 
 acuta, basi cuj usque anfractus cingulitera, albida spadiceftque ; apertura 
 ovaliformi, dilatata, fulvescente; columella callosa, Isevi, arcuata, fulva. 
 
 Shell elongated, cylindrical, the whole external surface 
 smooth, shining, of a coffee and milk color; spire elongated, 
 pointed, composed of six whirls not convex ; each whirl is 
 covered between the sutures with a layer of matter, which 
 assumes at the base a chestnut-color ; this layer is much thicker 
 upon the lowest whirl, and is continued, enlarging itself, to 
 the left lip, where it forms a large semicircular callosity, of a 
 deep chestnut-color, bordered with white. Each of the whirls 
 of the spire is likewise separated from the others by a fawn- 
 colored line, which is delineated a little below each suture. 
 The aperture is ovate, of a pale fawn-color, dilated towards 
 the middle, strongly emarginated at its base. The columella' 
 is arcuated, callous, fawn-colored and smooth ; the callosity of 
 the columella is oblique, thick, furrowed, much shorter than 
 the right lip ; from its lower part, a stria stretches out, which 
 is directed obliquely upon the back of the shell, to its termina- 
 tion at the anterior angle of the right lip, which is sharp. 
 
 Length 20 lines. Width 8 lines. 
 Inhabits 
 
 The BUCCINUM callosum is easily distinguished from the other 
 species ; its cylindrical form, and the layer of calcareous matter 
 which covers the whirls of the spire, characterize it with preci- 
 sion. In the collection of Prince Massena is found a variety 
 of this species which is of a nankin yellow, assuming a deeper 
 tint upon the sutures. The interior, in this specimen, is whitish ; 
 the edge of a bright yellow ; the columella callosity is of a dull 
 white. We give this variety, pi. VI, fig. 19. 
 
 -Jk 
 
20 GENUSBUCCINUM. 
 
 v 20. BUCCINUM POLITUM, LAI. The Polished Buccinum. 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) CHEMN. pi. 155, fig. 1469. 
 Pi. VIII, fig. 27. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, apice peracuta, Isevissima, nitida, albo aut luteo- 
 caerulescente ; anfractibus convexiusculis, supremis obsolete plicatis ; aper- 
 tura laevi; labro simplici, margine acuto. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, very pointed at its summit, smooth, 
 shining, of a bluish white or yellow color ; spire elongated, 
 formed of eight slightly convex whirls ; the sutures edged 
 with a yellow border, and a little beneath with another violet 
 band : these two zones are much more perceptible upon the 
 lower whirl ; the upper whirls are often longitudinally plaited ; 
 epidermis thin and greenish ; aperture smooth, yellowish. 
 The columella is slightly elongated, twisted at its extremity, 
 and provided outwardly, at its origin, with two keels ; the 
 first is continued as far as the edge of the right lip, and the 
 second terminates at the emargination, which is very apparent. 
 The right lip is very thin, sharp and fragile. 
 
 Length 15 lines. Width 6 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Seas of Senegal, and the rocks of the island of 
 Timor. 
 
 This shell is easily distinguished by the coloring of bluish 
 white or yellow which is peculiar to it, and which is very con- 
 stant. It is remarkable also for its very pointed extremity. 
 
 21. BUCCINUM FUSCATUM, BRUG. The Dusky Buccinum. 
 
 ? M 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) KNORR. Vergn., 5th part, pi. 22, fig. 4. 
 
 <l<^ Iff.liJf. jtffl Pi. VIIl, fig. 24. 
 
 B. test ovato-conica, lsevigata,rufo-fusca ; anfractibus convexis, superne 
 longitudinaliter plicatis ; apertura laevi, fusca: labro tenui, simplici, mar- 
 gine acuto. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, smooth, of a reddish brown ; spire 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 21 
 
 composed of six whirls, whose length slightly exceeds that of 
 the aperture. The whirls of the spire are convex, bent 
 obliquely at the suture, and marked in that part, by slightly 
 projecting and distant longitudinal folds ; the lower whirl is 
 partially destitute of them, and those which are perceptible 
 there, are only slightly obvious upon the upper half of the 
 side of the aperture. The aperture is ovate, smooth ; the lips 
 are whitish, of a clear fawn-color, but the depth of the cavity 
 presents the same tint as the exterior. It is narrower towards 
 the base, where it terminates by a shallow emargination, the 
 edges of which are slightly curved towards the back. The 
 right lip is simple, sharp upon the edge and effuse. It has, 
 towards its upper part, an oblique fold, which seems to widen 
 the aperture, and which partially forms the obtuse angle. The 
 columella is almost straight, shining, and of a livid color. 
 
 Length 15 lines. Width 7 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the coasts of Peru, from whence it has been lately 
 brought in great abundance. 
 
 This species is perfectly distinct from all others which com- 
 pose the genus BuCciNtrivfJ by the singularity of its aperture, 
 which is widened towards its upper part in the form of a gutter. 
 
 22. BUCCINUM LJEVIGATUM, LINN. The Variegated Buc- 
 
 cinum.^ 
 
 <de 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., pi. 964, fig. 49. 
 PI. VIII, fig. 26. 
 
 B. testa ovato-oblonga, Isevi, nitida, luteo-rufescente, lineelis fuscis lon- 
 gitudinalibus flexuosis saepius ornata ultimo infractu ; spira longiore, me- 
 dio fascia albo nigroque articulata cincto; apertura subdilatata, loevi, alba. 
 
 Shell ovate, oblong, smooth, shining, of a reddish or whitish 
 yellow, ornamented with small longitudinal lines, waved, ver- 
 miculated or flexuous, of a chestnut color ; epidermis green- 
 ish ; spire composed of six whirls, the lower larger than all 
 
 tLn~fh Vcr^M */>5' / * >t " 
 
 ' 
 
22 GENUSBUCCINQM- 
 
 the others together. At the base of each whirl of the spire, is 
 found a transverse band of slightly apparent, articulated black 
 points. A band, more strongly marked, the points of which 
 are more distinctly observable, surrounds the lower whirl of 
 the body of the shell ; aperture ovate, sub-dilated, smooth, 
 canal short, feebly emarginated ; columella white, nearly 
 straight; right lip smooth, rarely denticulated, white and 
 slightly sharp. 
 
 Length 8 lines. Width 4 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, the shores of Provence, Corsi- 
 ca, Sicily, and Barbary. 
 
 The coloring of this pretty little shell is very variable. It 
 sometimes happens that the transverse articulated bands do not 
 exist, or else the longitudinal waved bands are replaced by a 
 very fine vermiculated net-work. It varies much less in its 
 form ; nevertheless, it sometimes becomes thicker ; the whirls 
 of the spire are then more detached, and more elongated. 
 
 23. BUCCINUM GRANUM, LAM. The Grain Buccinum. 
 
 /nn ivr VfafrtMj* 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) 
 
 PI. XVI, fig. 58. 
 
 B. testa parvulft, ovata, crassiuscula.lsevi, rufescente, lineolis rufis inter- 
 ruptis cirjctA ; spira\ obtusiuscula : apertura alb&. 
 
 Shell small, ovate, pretty thick, reddish, smooth, shining, 
 surrounded with interrupted, small, brown lines, more approx- 
 imate towards the middle of the lowest whirl, and of a deeper 
 color at the base; spire elongated, pointed, composed of seven 
 slightly convex whirls, surrounded at their upper part by a 
 white band, sprinkled with distant, brown points or spots; 
 aperture white ; the internal edge of the right lip crenulated ; 
 the external part forming a smooth, thick callus, of a dull 
 white, which is continued upon the base of the shell even to 
 the columella, which is arcuated and folded at its base. 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 23 
 
 Length 6 lines. Width 3 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean upon the coasts of the Isle of 
 France. 
 
 This pretty species, which is almost always transparent, is 
 found in most of the collections ; but its native place is not 
 known with certainty. 
 
 * 
 
 / -* 
 
 / 24. BUCCINUM SERRATUM, DV.FRESNE. The Scrra&e**Buc- . 
 
 i* cinum. '*'* .... 
 
 PI. IX, fig. 28. 
 
 B. testa elongat&, turriculata, violaceo-purpurata,lcevi, nitida, longitudi- 
 naliter superne plicata ; spira acutissima, anfractibus convexis, ultimo multo 
 majore, depressiusculo ; apertura ovato-oblonga, violacea ; labro serrato, 
 serratura rubescente. 
 
 Shell elongated, turreted, of a purple violet color, smooth, 
 brilliant, presenting longitudinal folds only upon the upper 
 whirls ; spire very pointed, composed of nine or ten convex 
 whirls, the lowest of which is much larger than the others. 
 At the upper part of the whirls there is a more or less broad 
 plane regularly crowned with tubercles or folds, which disap- 
 pear with age ; this plane is much more apparent upon the 
 lowest whirl, and is bordered outwardly by a rounded angle. 
 The aperture is ovate, oblong, violet within and feebly striated. 
 The columella is almost straight, extended and projecting a 
 little beyond the lip ; some striae arise from the base of the 
 left lip, and are continued even to the base of the right lip ; 
 right lip denticulated without through its whole length, partially 
 forming the angle towards the keel. The teeth are in number 
 19 or 20, and of a reddish color. 
 
 Length 2 inches 3 lines. Width 9 lines. 
 Inhabits the South Sea, upon the coasts of California. 
 
 ,*W 
 
 / *' 
 
 / / ' 
 
24 GENUSBUCCINUM. 
 
 This large and fine species was much sought for several years 
 since ; it is less rare at present in cabinets ; it is found even 
 2^- inches in length. M. Edoux, a distinguished naturalist, 
 collected in his voyages a large number, which he has lately 
 brought home. 
 
 25. BUCCINUM ACHATINUM, LAM. The Agate Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., pi'.' 977*, fig. 13. 
 & fa S^ tr+*j~22prVII, fig. 21. 
 
 B. tesia ovato-elongata, turrita, Isevi, luteo-fufescente ; anfraetibus. con- 
 vexiusculis, superne confluentibus ; spira apice obtusiuscula ; apertura 
 leevi, basi latiuscula. 
 
 Shell ovate, elongated, subturreted, smooth, polished, of a 
 reddish yellow color, composed of seven whirls, hardly con- 
 vex. The suture which separates them is simple, shallow, 
 submargined ; the summit moderately pointed. Pretty promi- 
 nent striae of growth are seen upon the lowest whirl ; aperture 
 ovate, smooth, widened at the middle and strongly emarginat- 
 ed at its base ; columella yellowish, smooth and arched ; a 
 keel, continued from the upper third of the aperture to the 
 base of the right lip ; the space between the keel and the 
 edge of the lip is filled with oblique folds. The right lip is 
 simple, thin, sharp, and slightly effuse towards the middle. 
 
 Length 2 inches. Width 6 lines. 
 Inhabits the Bay of the Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 This species, though common, is rarely found perfect in 
 collections. The specimens which we procure are almost al- 
 ways partially worn, by the violence of the waves by which they 
 have been cast upon the shore. It appears to be found only in 
 very deep water. The animal resembles that of the smooth 
 Buccinum, and like it is blind. 
 
GENUSBUCCINUM. 35 
 
 ' 26. BUCCINUM VITTATUM, LINN., GMEL. The Cranulated 
 
 Buccinum. ./,/ , //,/ /* fa f 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., pi. 977, fig. 34.___ 
 
 PI. IX, fig. 26 et 30 var. kff * f ^'^* ' '/' 
 
 B. testd conico-acuta,subturritc\,albido-cornea. vel cinereo-CEerulescente ; 
 anfractibus convexis, striis impressis teriuibus distantibus cinctis superne 
 bicingulatis : cingulis plicato-granulosis ; fauce fulvo-fuscescente. 
 
 Shell elongated, conical, slightly turreted, of a bluish or 
 ashy white color ; spire very pointed at its summit, composed 
 of nine or ten slightly convex whirls, united by a shallow 
 suture, and furnished at their upper part with very close small 
 folds or granulations ; these folds form a girdle, and 'crown the 
 whirls, which are again ornamented throughout their whole 
 length with transverse thin ridges, more strongly prominent 
 towards the base ; there appear, besides, upon the lowest 
 whirl, oblique striae of growth pretty apparent, and presenting 
 sometimes the appearance of varices ; one or two striae separate 
 also the folds from the upper marginal edge. The aperture 
 is oblong, slightly narrowed, dilated at its base, where it is 
 terminated by a very deep and slightly oblique emargination. 
 The interior of the aperture is of a brown fawn color; right 
 lip white, thin and sharp ; columella white and rounded. 
 
 Length 2 inches 2 lines. Width 8 lines. 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean. 
 
 Lamarck has withdrawn this species from the genus BUCCI- 
 NUM of Linnaeus, in order to unite it to the genus TEREBRA of 
 Bruguiere. This learned naturalist, in determining this shell, 
 regarded merely the length of the spire ; but it has in many 
 respects so much alliance to the BUCCTNA, that many recent 
 authors think it should be restored to the genus, where Linnaeus 
 originally placed it. The coloring of this shell is quite varia- 
 ble. Some specimens are of a livid yellow, others of a bluish 
 violet. Lamarck has also established, as a species, under the \ 
 
26 GENUSBUCCINUM. 
 
 name of TEREBRA granulosa, a variety of the BUCCINUM vittatum, 
 to which Chemnitz, who perceived its relation to this last spe- 
 cies; ha(} -assigned its proper place in his great work, pi. 188, 
 fig. 181(3, under the title of Variety of BUCCINUM vittatum. 
 
 Des^ha^es, inJBell anger's Voyage to the East Indies, has given, 
 pi. 2^ fig. 3 ana 4, 'as a new species, under the name of BUCCI- 
 NUM melanoides, a shell altogether similar to the variety of Chem- 
 nitz ; the only difference which I have been able to discover is 
 found in the spire, which is a little more inflected. 
 
 27. BUCCINUM SENTICOSUM, LINN. The File Bucdnum. 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., pi. 967, fig. 22. 
 
 B. testa ovato-oblonga, subturrita, scabra, longitudinaliter plicata, striis 
 transversis elevatis cancellata,rufescente aut rubescente,inferne zona rufo- 
 rubente cincta ; plicis per totam longitudinem denticulato-asperis ; colu- 
 mella plicata aut biplicata. 
 
 Shell ovate, oblong, rough, slightly turreted, its entire sur- 
 face apparently armed with small spifes ; spire pointed, com- 
 posed of nine or ten rather convex whirls, furnished with 
 longitudinal folds or ribs, somewhat distant, and formed by 
 the elevations of transverse striae, which are also cut trans- 
 versely by other striae elevated and resembling sharp scales ; 
 these are a little more prominent upon the convexity of the 
 longitudinal ribs than in their interstices, and it is their pro- 
 longation in this part, which causes them to resemble small 
 spines. Its color is reddish, varied with fawn-colored or clear 
 chestnut-brown spots ; oftentimes the lower whirl presents, 
 towards its middle, a transverse brown band, the half only of 
 which can be seen upon the upper whirls, the whole length of 
 the sutures. The aperture is whitish, ovate, elongated, nar- 
 rowed towards its base ; the right lip has a slight obliquity, 
 relatively to the axis of the shell ; it is slightly crenulated 
 upon the lip, and furnished interiorly with fifteen or sixteen 
 transverse stria? which are continued even to the depth of the 
 
GENUSBUCCINUM. 27 
 
 cavity ; the emargination is very oblique, accompanied exter- 
 nally by a thick, rounded, and twisted varix, which, revolving 
 around the axis, terminates below the folds of the columella ; 
 this is slightly arcuated ; one or two oblique folds are delineat- 
 ed at its base. 
 
 Length 1 inch 9 lines. Width 9 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean, the coasts of the Island of Am- 
 boyna, the Moluccas, and New Holland. 
 
 Lamarck had also separated this shell from the BUCCINUM of 
 Linnaeus, to place it in his genus CANCELLARIA, under the name of 
 CANCELLARIA senticosa. The folds which exist at the base of the 
 columella, and the asperities which cover the entire surface of 
 the shell, induced him to place it in this manner ; but the folds 
 are always more numerous and more prominent in the genus 
 where he arranged this species. Lately M. Quoy has made 
 known, in his beautiful work, the organization of the animal, 
 and he has accurately marked out the place which the shell 
 should occupy, by placing it anew in the genus BUCCINUM, to 
 which it belongs. 
 
 This shell is very remarkable for its form, and particularly 
 for the asperities which we have described. Lamarck points 
 out a variety of this species under the letter B ; but the diffe- 
 rences which he remarked, were produced only by the greater 
 freshness of the specimen which he had observed. 
 
 28. BUCCINUM TIGRINUM, NOBIS. The Tiger Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) 
 
 PI. X, fig. 32. 
 
 B. testa ovata, elongata, subturricula, fulvescente ; spira conica, acuta, 
 plicis rotundatis transversis cincta, longitudinaliter maculis spadiceis et 
 fusco-albidis , anfractibus convexiusculis ; apertura alba, ovatA, elongata ; 
 columellii crassa, alba ; labro dextro tenui. 
 
 Shell ovate, elongated, subturreted, generally of a clear 
 fawn color, marked with numerous spots of a deep chestnut 
 
28 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 or reddish color, oblong or quadrangular, alternating with 
 other similar spots of a dull white : the first, oftentimes, form 
 longitudinal bands ; spire conical, pointed, formed of six slightly 
 convex whirls, the lowest of which is as large as all the others ; 
 they are flattened and angular at the upper part, crowned upon 
 the angle by a subgranulated margin ; the suture is accom- 
 panied at the upper part of each whirl, by a small, slightly 
 convex and undulating margin ; upon the lower whirl are seen 
 nine rounded, transverse, very angular folds : the other whirls 
 are also ornamented with three folds. The spaces between 
 them bear fine transverse striae. The aperture is white, ovate, 
 elongated ; columella thick, rounded, white and almost straight. 
 The right edge is thin, and slightly sharp. 
 
 Length 1 inch 7 lines. Width 8 lines. 
 Inhabits 
 
 This species, whose locality we do not know, is rare in col- 
 lections. It is easily recognised by its form, and its coloring, 
 which gives it a spotted appearance. 
 
 29. BUCCINUM DISCOLOR, QUOY et GAIM. The Discolored Buc- 
 
 cinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS, et Mus. LAM.) CHEMN., pi. 150, fig. 1405-6. 
 PI. XI, fig. 39. 
 
 B. test parvd, oliviformi, violaceo-grisea, transversim tenuissime striata ; 
 spira acuta, superne plicis longitudinalibus distincta ; anfractibus convex- 
 iusculis ; apertura cinerea, ovata ; columella Isevi ; labro dextro denticulate, 
 intus plicato. 
 
 Shell small, olive-shaped ; color varied with violet and 
 gray ; longitudinal brown lines, distant ; a white, decurrent 
 band surrounds the middle of the lower whirl ; spire pointed, 
 formed of six slightly convex whirls, covered with transverse 
 striae ; slightly apparent longitudinal folds upon the two or 
 three lowest whirls. The aperture is of an ashy gray, ovate, 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 29 
 
 moderate size, narrowed at the base, forming at its upper part 
 a canal, with a sinus bounded by two teeth behind ; columella 
 smooth, almost straight, with two fold-like guttules at its ter- 
 mination ; right lip denticulated, and folded internally. 
 
 Length 8 lines. Width 4 lines. 
 Inhabits New Holland, and the Island of Tonga-Tabou. 
 
 De Blainville, in the 1st volume of the Nouvelles Annales du 
 Museum, page 254, pi. 12, fig. 9, has united this pretty little 
 shell to the genus PURPURA, under the name of PURPURA glimna. 
 Quoy and Gaimard, who brought it from the island of Tonga- 
 Tabou, figured it about the same time in their Voyage autour 
 du Monde, pi. 30, fig. 23, 25, under the name of BUCCINUM dis- 
 color ; we have retained the place and the name given it by 
 these voyagers. 
 
 30. BUCCJNUM Jp.riAINVILI.il, DESK. Blainmlle's Buccinum. 
 (Collect. MASS.) CHEMN., pi. 125JJ&J201 -2. / 
 
 TJT "VT C. . OO 
 
 r i. Ai, ng. oo. 
 
 B. testa ovata, elongata, albescente ; spira acuta, cancellata, costulis lon- 
 gitudinalibua et striis transversis decussata ; anfractibus angustis, in medio 
 carinatis ; apertura ovata, violascente ; columella rufescente ; labro dextro 
 intua tenue striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, elongated, of a yellowish white ; spire pretty 
 elevated, pointed, latticed ; composed of six or seven rounded 
 whirls, slightly compressed, furnished with numerous, longitu- 
 dinal folds or small ribs, crossed by acute and very fine re- 
 volving striae ; one of these striae is more raised, and forms a 
 keel upon the middle of each whirl, composed of a row of tu- 
 bercles. The lowest whirl is more developed, and larger 
 than all the others united ; the keel of this is situated nearer 
 the upper part. The aperture is ovate, elongated, slightly 
 .narrowed, of a violet-brown within. The columella is red- 
 dish, and marked with two brown spots ; at its base there is a 
 
30 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 small, very oblique fold ; the lip is straight, reddish, furnished 
 internally with numerous transverse striae. 
 
 Length 11 lines. Width 5 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the coasts of Malabar, and the island of Vanikoro. 
 It was brought from the latter place by Quoy and Gaimard. 
 
 Lately, and almost at the same time, this shell has been de- 
 scribed by three authors, under three different names : the first, 
 Wood, in his catalogue, has called it BUCCINUM textum, pi. 28, 
 fig. 113. Deshayes, describing it in the Voyage aux Indes 
 Orientates of Bellanger, gave it the name of BUCCINUM Blain- 
 villii ; and, lastly, Quoy and Gaimard, at the same time, figured 
 it in their second Voyage autour du monde, pi. 32, fig. 30-31, 
 under the name of BUCCINUM cancellatum. 
 
 31. BUCCINUM COSTATUM, QUOY et GAIM. The Ribbed Buc- 
 
 cinum. 
 
 (Collect, du Museum.) Voyage de /' Astrolabe, pi. 30, fig. 
 t 17-18. 
 
 PI. XI, fig. 3G et 37. 
 
 B. testi ovato-conica, albo-grisea,longitudinaliter costulata, transverslm 
 tenuissime striata ; spira acuta ; anfractibus convexis, depressis, et superne 
 angulatis, in medio carinatis ; apertur& ovaliformi, castanea ; labro dextro 
 latiusculo, tenui, intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, elongated, of an ashy gray, often covered with 
 reddish points. The spire is pointed, attenuated at its two 
 extremities, composed of seven convex whirls, flattened, and 
 angular at their upper part, ornamented in nearly all their 
 length with longitudinal folds or ribs, tuberculated at their 
 summit, and crowning the whirls. These ribs rarely extend 
 to the base of the lowest whirl. There may be observed, 
 besides, upon the exterior surface, numerous transverse striae, 
 very fine and very close, which, at the base of the lowest 
 whirl, are changed to wrinkles more or less numerous. The 
 aperture is ovate, its interior of an ashy violet, the oblique 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 3] 
 
 emargination pretty strongly marked. The right lip is a little 
 dilated and sharp ; within striated, and of a reddish brown, as 
 well as the columella, which is straight and somewhat twisted 
 at its base. 
 
 Length 14 lines. Width 6 lines. 
 Inhabits the port of King George, in New Holland. 
 
 The form, and particularly the color of this shell, are quite 
 variable, duoy and Gaimard, who established this species, 
 mention several varieties, one of which, smaller, is found at the 
 Bay of the Isles, at New Zealand (Voyage de F Astrolabe, pi. 
 30, fig. 14-16) ; they have given another in the same work, 
 pi. 30, fig. 19-20 ; they have, besides, noticed two other varie- 
 ties of this shell, one of which, also smaller, has a reddish 
 ground, with spiral brown bands upon the sutures ; the other 
 has distant and well marked transverse striae. We give, of this 
 species, pi. XI, fig. 37, a variety which has a narrower elongated 
 aperture, and which is covered with more or less oblong spots, 
 with a band of a bluish color covering the middle of the lowest 
 whirl. 
 
 32. BUCCINUM ALVEOLATUM, NOBIS. The Chequered Buc- 
 
 cinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS, et Mus.) 
 Pi. X, %. 34. 
 
 B. testa ovato-oblonga, rufo-virescente aut albescente, transverslm plicata, 
 nigris albisque maculis distincta ; spira elongata ; anfractibus convexis, 
 superne longitudinaliter plicatis ; apertura ovata, fauce cinerea; labro dex- 
 tro tenui, intus transverslm striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, elongated, of a greenish or whitish red, marked 
 with approximate slightly apparent transverse folds, colored 
 with numerous articulated black and white spots, always hav- 
 ing a square or elongated form ; spire rather elongated, com- 
 posed of six convex whirls, sutures simple ; the first five pro- 
 vided with sub-tuberculated longitudinal folds, the lowest as 
 
32 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 long as all the others together, slightly flattened at its upper 
 part, and destitute of longitudinal ribs. In some specimens 
 these ribs which cover the whirls disappear entirely. Aper- 
 ture ovate, ash colored at its depth ; right lip thin, sharp, 
 marked with transverse brown lines and striae internally ; colu- 
 mella nearly straight, slightly twisted at its base, accompanied 
 at its lower third, by a thick, rounded and twisted callosity, 
 which terminates at the base of the notch. 
 
 Length 14 lines. Width 7 lines. 
 Inhabits port Western in New Holland. 
 
 Quoy and Gaimard considered this species as a variety of the 
 BUCCINUM testudineum, but without positively affirming it. In- 
 deed it is perfectly distinguished from that by many differences : 
 the B. alveolatum is smaller, the folds which cover it are project- 
 ing, their peculiar distribution give them a square or elongated 
 form, which we have compared to a chequer-board. In young 
 specimens these spots are often arranged in diamonds. These 
 spots are more deeply colored than in the B. testudineum, the 
 whirls are more convex, and the folds which cover them are very 
 apparent. The lowest whirl of the shell is also compressed 
 above. The aperture of this which we have described, instead 
 of being smooth and of a chamois-yellow color like the B. testu- 
 dineum, is invariably violet', with the lip feebly furrowed within. 
 Finally, these two species do not inhabit the same localities. 
 
 33. BUCCINUM VIOLACEUM, Quov et GAIM. The Violet 
 
 Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect, du Museum.) Voyage, de V Astrolabe, pL 30, fig. 
 
 32-34. 
 
 PI. VIII, fig. 23. 
 
 B. testa ovata, globulosa, fuscescente, violacea, transversim sulcata ; spira 
 brevi, obtusft, laevi ; anfractibus convexis, ultimo spira majore ; apertura 
 dilatata, ovaliformi, fuscescente ; labro dextro intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, globular, ventricose, of a violaceous red brown, 
 
GENMJS BrcriNFM. 33 
 
 ornamented with numerous transverse, rather broad folds, of a 
 deeper color ; the furrows shallow ; spire obtuse and rounded. 
 The whirls are convex, and four in number, the lowest much 
 larger than all the others united. The aperture is wide, oval, 
 of a bright brown ; right lip thin, striated internally ; columella 
 rounded. 
 
 Length 16 lines. Width 9 lines. 
 
 Inhabits Table Bay at the Cape of Good Hope, where M. 
 Quoy supposes it to be common, by the fragments he there 
 met with. 
 
 To Quoy and Gaimard we are indebted for this new species, 
 which may be easily confounded with the PURPURA cruentata of 
 Lamarck, as has been well remarked by these learned natural- 
 ists ; but' it ismore TF0fhTO,4lfefcnore ventricose than the last ; 
 the transverse striae are larger and less numerous ; the aperture 
 is less dilated, and the canal a little less elongated. 
 
 34. BUCCINUM ACICUL.ATUM, LAM. The Needle-shaped Buc- 
 
 cinum. 
 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) BLAINV. Faune Fran^., pi. 6, c., 
 
 fig. 1. 
 
 Pi. XVI, fig. 55. 
 
 B. testa elongato-subulata, basi transverslm striata, colore varia, diversi- 
 mode fasciata aut zonata ; anfractibus longitudinaliter plicatis, noduloso- 
 crenulatis, ultimo spira breviore. 
 
 Shell elongated, narrow, turreted, formed of nine or ten 
 very distinct whirls, slightly convex, ornamented with a great 
 number of ribs formed like folds, subnodulous, approximate, 
 numerous, and slightly raised upon the lowest whirl ; these 
 ribs are apparent only at the upper part, whilst the base is 
 provided with transverse striae, easily distinguished ; aperture 
 ovate, strongly notched ; right lip thin, sharp, rounded at the 
 lower extremity ; columella a little bent. The general color 
 Buccinum. c 
 
34 GENUS B U C C I N II M . 
 
 is of a yellowish white, ornamented with ferruginous, minute 
 lines, and with a surrounding band of a bluish brown, below 
 each suture. The lowest whirl presents, towards its base, 
 another larger and deeper colored band, which is obvious 
 within the aperture. 
 
 Length 7 to 8 lines. Width 2 to 3 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, the coasts of Provence, and of 
 Sicily. 
 
 This pretty little species is quite common in collections, and 
 is very remarkable for its elongated form, which naturally places 
 it near the B. vittatum. 
 
 35. BUCCINUM BEL.L.ANGERI, NOBIS. Bellanger'sBuccinum. 
 
 4+t. g** wi./fXy*? ft 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) MART, et CHEMN., pi. 155, fig. 1463. 
 
 PI. XIV, fig. 48. 
 
 B. testa elongata, subturrita, cserulescente, apice acuta; anfractibus con- 
 vexis, sutura marginat& separatis, ultimo basi striato ; apertura ovatd ; 
 columella arcuata, basi uniplicata. Desh. 
 
 Shell elongated, narrow, subturreted, of a bright, transparent 
 ash color, covered with longitudinal waved and reddish lines ; 
 spire elongated, composed of seven or eight slightly convex 
 whirls, marked at their upper part by a marginated suture, and 
 two slightly apparent striae towards the base ; the lowest whirl 
 shorter than the spire, marked at its base with regular, trans- 
 verse striae or ridges ; aperture oval, oblong, smooth, white ; 
 right lip thin and sharp, slightly plaited internally. The colu- 
 mella, slightly arcuated, is terminated by a pretty prominent 
 oblique fold. 
 
 Length 15 lines. Width 6 lines. 
 Inhabits the Bay of Bengal, the coasts of Ceylon. 
 
 This beautiful species has lately been brought home by Bel- 
 langer, a distinguished naturalist, to whom science is indebted 
 
( ; E N u s B u c c I N u M . %& 
 
 for numerous observations upon natural history, collected in a 
 voyage to the East Indies. Deshayes, who had charge of the 
 portion relating to the Mollusca, in the narrative of that voyage, 
 has figured the shell which we have described, under the name 
 ofpolitum, on account of its analogy with the fossil shell of the 
 same name, found by Basterot in the environs of Piedmont. But 
 as this same name, politum, had been already given by Lamarck 
 to a shell of this genus, we have thought proper to substitute for 
 it the name of him who first made known this new species. 
 
 / 
 36. BUCCINUM VIVERRATUM, NOBIS. The Civet Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) /iTft^W . J/ct*J+\J 
 
 PI. X. fig. 35. ^e*ni V^./*jMJ 
 
 B. testa ovato-elongata, fusifonni, oleaginea; spira acuta; anfractibus 
 convexiusculis, superne longitudinaliter plicatis, inferne transversim 
 striatis, longitudinalibus maculis spadiceis et fusco-albidis ; apertura ovata, 
 elongata, intus caerulescente ; columella albida, tenui; labro dextro tenui, 
 intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, elongated, spindle-shaped, of an olive color ; 
 spire pointed, formed of six or seven slightly convex whirls, 
 the lowest larger than all the others together, slightly angular, 
 and flattish above. The edge of the angle in young speci- 
 mens, is more prominent, and bordered by a row of pretty 
 apparent tubercles, which disappear with age. Sutures slightly 
 perceptible. The first three upper whirls are covered with 
 very approximate small longitudinal folds ; the others are or- 
 namented externally merely, with numerous, regular transverse 
 striae, between which are distinguished other very delicate 
 ones. These striae are interrupted by elongated white or red- 
 dish spots, often presenting grayish flammules upon the upper 
 whirls. Aperture ovate, elongated, attenuated at its two ex- 
 tremities. Interior bluish. Columella whitish, smooth, almost 
 straight, and a little twisted at its base. Lip straight, thin, 
 sharp, lightly striated at its inner edge with brown lines. 
 
 Length 14 lines. Width 7 lines. 
 
36 G E N U gs B TT C C I N TJ M . 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, the coast of Alexandria. 
 
 The form of this species might lead one to confound it with 
 the Fusi, and still more with the PURPUR.E ; but it is distin- 
 guished from the former, by its much shorter canal, and less 
 elongated spire ; it is removed also from the PURPURJE by its 
 less dilated aperture, and the columella being less flattened 
 towards the base. 
 
 37. BUCCINUM TRANQUEBARICUM, GMEL. The Tranque- 
 
 (Collect. MASS. .LAM.) MART., Conch., 4, t. 123, fig. 1 146- 
 1147. 
 
 PI. XXIII, fig. 92. 
 
 B. testa ovata, ventricosa, longitudinaliter costata, transversim striata, 
 albescente aut rufescente ; anfractibus superne angulatis ; spira con- 
 tabulata. 
 
 Shell ovate, ventricose, of an uniform whitish or reddish 
 color, furnished with ten or twelve longitudinal folds upon 
 each whirl, and crossed by numerous transverse striae, covered 
 with a thin, brown epidermis ; spire but little raised, subturret- 
 ed, pointed at its upper extremity, formed of five or six taper- 
 ing whirls, flattened, keeled, crowned at their upper part, and 
 constricted at their suture. The aperture is ovate, emargina- 
 tion slightly oblique. Right lip rather thin, of an orange 
 color, denticulated, and strongly striated within. Columella 
 subumbilicated, smooth, brown or reddish colored ; the left 
 lip having a callosity at the base, and partially covering the 
 commencement of an umbilicus. 
 
 Length 20 lines. Width 1 inch. 
 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean, the coast of Coromandel, the 
 South Sea, the coasts of Chili. 
 
 This shell, so remarkable for its form, has been divided by 
 Sowerby into two species ; he has retained for the first the name 
 
r. E \ r s it r <;r r \ r M 
 
 37 
 
 BUCCINUM Tranquebaricum, and has called the second, PUR- 
 PURA mdanostoma ; he has given a figure of these two species in 
 his Genera, No. 25, pi. 5, fig. 5 et 6. 
 
 The difference between young specimens and adults, has led 
 into this error : the latter, much larger, have their transverse 
 striae more prominent ; and the longitudinal folds of the lowest 
 whirl, which are distinguished in a very striking manner upon 
 the young specimens, disappear insensibly with age. 
 
 38. BUCCINUM COROMANDELIANUM, LAM The Coro- 
 f mandel Buccinum. (^ji^A^ 
 
 (Collect. MASS^ LAM.) LIST. pi. 939, fig. 34, a. 
 
 PI. XXII, fig. 85. 
 
 B. testa ovata, longitudinaliter plicata, 'tran verse sulcata et striata,rufes- 
 cente ; plicis nodiferis ; ultimo anfractu superne angulato ; spira exsertius- 
 cula ; apertura alba ; labro crassiusculo, inttis striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, thick, solid, bi-conical, whitish, covered with a 
 reddish epidermis, having nine or ten longitudinal folds, more 
 strongly marked upon the last whirl, rarely prolonged as far as 
 the base, and regularly divided into tubercles by more promi- 
 nent transverse striae, the interstices of which are furnished 
 with other much finer and very approximate striae ; spire ob- 
 tuse at its summit, composed of five or six slightly distinct 
 whirls ; the lowest very broad, flattened at its upper part, and 
 sub-angular ; aperture white, ovate, narrowed at its base, 
 canaliculated at its upper part, at its union with the lip which 
 is thin and denticulated at the edge, striated within. Exter- 
 nally, in adult shells, a pretty prominent varix is observed. 
 Columella slightly bent, furnished throughout its whole length 
 with small nodules. 
 
 Length 1 inch. Width 6 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean, the coasts of Coromandel, near 
 Tranquebar, the Atlantic Ocean, the coasts of the Island of 
 Cuba. 
 
 . 
 
38 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 The form of this shell, and the folds which are delineated 
 upon its surface render it very remarkable. The very apparent 
 margin of the right lip gives it a resemblance to the BUCCINUM 
 undosum of Quoy and Gaimard,but it differs materially in several 
 points. It is invariably smaller, the upper part of the last whirl 
 is flattened, and the aperture canaliculated at the upper part is 
 above all a very obvious distinctive mark. 
 
 39. BUCCINUM LYRATUM, LAM. The Lyre Buccinum. 
 
 - j^ Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., pi. 968, fig. 22, c. 
 
 PI. XXII, fig. 88. ~.fl./7*.># 
 
 B. testa ovato-oblonga, crassiuscula, superne inferneque transversim 
 striata, albo-cseruleseente ; plicis distantibus prominulis, basi obliquis, ver- 
 sus labrura tenuioribus magisque confertis ; spira brevi ; labro intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, oblong, thick, of a bluish white, with distant 
 red spots ; spire short and pointed, upon which may be count- 
 ed five or six indistinct whirls ; suture simple. These whirls 
 are ornamented with longitudinal folds or ribs, narrow, and 
 regular, finer and closer towards the lip. Upon the lowest 
 whirl, which is somewhat ventricose, the ribs are slightly 
 arcuated throughout their whole length ; they descend quite to 
 the base, and towards that point they are intersected by trans- 
 verse striae. Similar stria3 exist at the upper part of the low- 
 est whirl, which is flattened. Aperture elongated, and dilated 
 in the middle, the interior is violet colored ; lip thick, striated 
 internally. 
 
 Length 9 lines. Width 4J- lines. 
 Inhabits the Seas of Senegal. 
 
 The appearance of this shell is pleasing and peculiar ; it is 
 somewhat related to some Volutes. It is found fossil at Dax. 
 It has been described and figured under the name of NASSA 
 Desnoyersi, by M. Basterot, in his Memoire sur la Geologic des 
 environs de Bordeaux, page 50, pi. 2, fig. 13. 
 
G E N U S B U C C I N U M . 39 
 
 40. BUCC1NUM UNI)OSUM,^%*Jr*e1 torn*. The Undulating 
 Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., t. 938, fig. 33. 
 
 PI. XII, % 41, a. b. c. c^VTW^- 4*0f 
 
 B. test& ovato-biconica, crassiuscula, solida, albo-rufescente ; epidermi 
 fusca, villosa; anfractibus distinctis, transversim subnodulose plicatis,fusco 
 vel atro-rubescentibus, ultimo cseteris multo majore, longitudinaliter costu- 
 lato ; apertura ovato-elongata, albida, luteo margine; labro crasso, dentato, 
 inttis striato ; columella callosa. 
 
 Shell ovate, bi-conic, quite thick, solid, of a reddish white, 
 and covered with a brown, velvety epidermis ; the whirls 
 moderate, pretty distinct, six in number, and provided with 
 decurrent, subnodulous striae, of a brownish or blackish red. 
 The intervals white, and furnished with very fine striae scarcely 
 ^apparent ; the lowest whirl much larger than all the others 
 together, and having five or six thick, obtuse longitudinal folds 
 or ribs, which are rarely continued as far as the base of the 
 shell, and oftentimes form only tubercles, particularly in old 
 shells. Aperture ovate, elongated, whitish, bordered with 
 yellow ; canal slightly prolonged, emargination slight and 
 oblique. The lip, which is thickened by age, is denticulated 
 throughout its whole length, and furrowed internally. Colu- 
 mella wrinkled, covered at its base with a thin, raised callosity. 
 
 Length 1 inch 9 lines. Width 1 inch. 
 
 Inhabits the Straits of Malacca, and the coasts of the Isle of 
 France. 
 
 A single character observed in this shell, that of the margin 
 on the right lip, led Lamarck to withdraw it from the genus 
 BUCCINUM of Linnaeus, to make his Buccinum-formed Triton ; 
 but this margin is too imperfectly formed in all the specimens of 
 this species to justify any such separation. This shell presents 
 a great number of varieties ; the longitudinal ribs are sometimes 
 slightly marked, or do not exist ; at other times, on the contrary, 
 
40 G E N U S B L r ('. r I N U M . 
 
 they are raised and noduled. From these distinctions, some 
 authors have sougli**-fco-dWJde-it into several species ; but when 
 we have before us a large number of specimens of different ages, 
 it is impossible not to recognise the identity which exists among 
 them. 
 
 A series of forms, and the differences of the two extremes of 
 age may have led to the error which we are noticing, and to 
 classing the varieties of a single species as several species ; but 
 an examination and study of the intermediate ages, by bringing 
 to view their different relations, lead at once to the necessity of 
 uniting them ; so important is it to examine shells in all the 
 modifications which age and locality can produce in their very 
 forms, before settling their classification. Simple varieties of 
 the shell we are describing, have caused it to be divided into 
 four species ; we will now endeavor to point out the differences 
 which separate them, or the resemblances which unite them, by 
 comparing them successively to our type which we give in plate 
 12, fig. 41. By this examination we shall be convinced that 
 the folds which have been considered as distinctive characters 
 diminish or increase, by insensible degrees, in each of the 
 varieties. 
 
 The first, which we admit in our work as variety B, pi. 12, 
 ^ fig. 41 , b. is described by Gmelin under the name of BUCCINUM 
 affine ; it is the same as that called by Quoy and Gaimard BUC- 
 CINUM cinctum, Voyage de ? Astrolabe, pi. 30, fig. 5-6-7. It is 
 ovate, smaller than our type, of the same color as the B. undo- 
 sum. It is merely ornamented with transverse and rounded 
 threads, and it is only upon some specimens that we begin to 
 perceive slight longitudinal folds upon the whirls. The lip is 
 thin, the crenulations within hardly apparent ; but when the lip 
 curves to form the margin, they become much more visible, and 
 the denticulations of the edge begin also to be recognised. 
 
 This shell inhabits the Straits of Malacca (Martini), the 
 South Sea (Solander), the coasts of Madagascar (Humphreys), 
 the Isle of Vanikoro, of Tonga-Tabou, and many other localities 
 in the Pacific Ocean. 
 
 The variety C, pi. 12, fig. 41, differs from the former by its 
 more globular form, and by the disposition of its threads, which 
 
GENUS Bi;<M3INUM. 4J 
 
 are often divided and orbiculated in their outline. The color 
 of all these shells is generally the same as that of our type. This 
 variety is found upon the coasts of Brazil, and in the Bay of Rio 
 Janeiro. 
 
 The variety A, pi. 12, fig. 41, is the BUCCINUM strigosum of _ 
 Gmelin, and the BUCCINUM fumosum of Solander ; it has been 
 figured by Chemnitz, pi. 123, fig. 1145-1146. Smaller, wrinkled, 
 and folded throughout its whole length, this exhibits the threads 
 across it forming nodosities ; the interstices of the longitudinal 
 folds more deeply furrowed, are of a more reddish color. The 
 differences in this last, are more remarkable than in the others : 
 they may be attributed to difference of sex ; a point which we 
 have carefully examined in the BUCCINUM undatum, whose 
 oblique ribs and transverse striae are also, under the same cir- 
 cunlstances, much more developed. 
 
 I think that the BUCCINUM Indicum of Gmelin, p. 3495, and 
 figured in Chemnitz, pi. 103, fig. 1138-1139, which appears to 
 me to be a shell in a bad state of preservation, should be con- 
 sidered as a BUCCINUM undosum. 
 
 41. BUCCINUM D'ORBIGNYI, PATR. D'Orbigny's Buccii 
 (Collect. MASS.) PAYR. Cat. de la Corse, pi. 8, fig/ 4, 5, 6. 
 
 PI. xin, fig. 42. Mi** A^f^^J* 
 
 B. testa ovato-acuta, subfusiformi, fulvo et fusco varia, longitudinaliter 
 costata, transversim plicata et striata, subnodulosa ; anfractibus inferne 
 linea alba cinctis; apertura ovata, violaceft ; labro intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, subfusiform, pointed at its summit, composed of 
 eight very distinct whirls, a little swollen, ridged lengthwise 
 by several subnodulous folds, covered also by transverse striae 
 and ridges ; aperture ovate, violet, edged with reddish, and 
 narrowed at its base ; right lip deeply furrowed within ; colu- 
 mella nearly straight, subgranular ; rarely having a distinct 
 fold at the base. The general color is brown, varied with 
 fawn color, with a white zone at the base of each whirl, a 
 broader decurrent band towards the middle of the lower whirl. 
 
42 GENUS B/UCCI NUM. 
 
 Length 11 lines. Width 6 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, the coasts of Provence, Corsica, 
 and the Isles of Hieres. 
 
 This is a BUCCINUM, as has been fully settled by Payraudeau 
 in his catalogue of the Annelides of Corsica; Blainville impro- 
 perly placed it among the CANCELLARI^ ; the principal character 
 of this genus does not exist in the shell which we are describ- 
 ing ; it is rare to perceive even a fold upon the columella of this 
 last, except in very young specimens. Male specimens are al- 
 ways much smaller, and never exceed 5 or 6 lines in length. 
 The internal folds of the lip are also very strongly prominent. 
 
 This shell so much resembles our variety A, of the BUCCINUM 
 undosum, that it might almost be asserted to belong to that ^spe- 
 cies, and be considered as merely a local variety; nevertheless, 
 it is smaller than that shell, less turgid, with less prominent 
 ridges, the longitudinal ribs more approximate. Its coloring is 
 the same, only the white band of the lowest whirl is better 
 formed and more distinct. 
 
 42. BUCCINUM DISTORTUM, WOOD. The Distorted Bucdnum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) 
 
 ' *' **^ '* PI- XVIII, fig. 64 at 65. 
 
 B. test& ovata, turgida, crassa, solida, albescente, fasciis fuscis aut fulvis 
 distincta; epidermi fulva ; spira brevi, obtusiuscula, apice acuta; anfrac- 
 tibus superne connatis, longitudinaliter subnodulose plicatis, trarisvers^ 
 striatis ; ultim6 Isevi, basi sulcato ; apertur ovata, oblonga, angusta, inttis 
 albida ; labro dextro intiis striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, inflated, solid, covered with a fawn colored or 
 reddish epidermis ; spire short, slightly obtuse, pointed at its 
 summit. The whirls are six or seven in number, and very 
 approximate ; the four or five upper ones are conical, covered 
 with sub-nodulous, longitudinal folds, which gradually become 
 effaced, and disappear altogether upon the lower whirl. This 
 is partly smooth, pretty strongly furrowed at its base, larger 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 43 
 
 than all the others, and separated by a broad and deep suture, 
 forming a kind of scaffold, which renders it very round above. 
 The other whirls are not very apparent ; at their surface is 
 seen, besides the longitudinal folds of which we have spoken, 
 transverse striae which terminate in the lowest whirl. The 
 aperture is ovate, oblong, narrow, sinuous, white within, and 
 narrowed above by a double deposition of calcareous matter ; 
 the right lip, striated internally, is thick above, and denticulat- 
 ed upon the remainder of its length. The columella, sinuous 
 in its middle, is covered by the left lip, which is pretty thick, 
 and partially conceals at its base a grooved columellar cal- 
 losity. The coloring of this shell is whitish, marked with 
 brown or fawn colored spots or bands. 
 
 Length 20 lines. Width 10 lines. 
 Inhabits New Holland. 
 
 This shell, the characters of which we have given from an 
 old specimen, exhibits somewhat the aspect of a COLUMBELLA, 
 which is owing to the shortening of the spire, and to the narrow- 
 ing of the aperture. Some young specimens so little resemble 
 the adult, that we might be led to form a new species of it ; and 
 it is only by attentive observation, that we recognise their af- 
 finity. The young (female?) specimens, are generally more 
 ventricose, and more elongated ; they have altogether the form 
 of the BUCCINUM of our first section. The aperture is much 
 wider, the thickening above, and the scaffold of the lowest whirl 
 do not exist ; but the pretty prominent transverse striae are seen 
 upon that whirl. We have given a figure, pi. 18, fig. 65, which 
 approaches to our type. Another (male '?) variety, is much 
 smaller, and colored upon the lowest whirl with transverse bands 
 of a deep brown. 
 
44 G E N U S B U C C I N M . 
 
 43. BUCCINUM FL.EXUOSUM, LAM. The Flexuous Buccinum. 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.)' 
 
 PI. XXVI, fig. 106. 
 
 B. testa oblonga, subfusiformi, basi transverse striata,albida,lineis fuscis 
 longitudinalibus flexuosis ornata ; apertura angustiuscula ; labro obsolete 
 striato. 
 
 Shell oblong, subfusiform, spire turreted, conical and point- 
 ed, composed of seven or eight folded whirls, oftentimes tuber- 
 culated. The upper edge of each whirl is very slightly com- 
 pressed, which renders the sutures but little apparent. The 
 lowest whirl, with neither folds nor tubercles, is as large as all 
 the others together, and striated at the base. The ground 
 color of this shell is whitish, and there are delineated brown 
 undulating or zigzag lines, more or less numerous, which de- 
 scend from the top to the base of the whirls. Sometimes other 
 bands upon the upper whirls form delicate rhombs. Aperture 
 rather narrow, attenuated at its lower extremity, and as long 
 as the other whirls united. The columella is smooth, straight 
 and entirely white like the rest of the interior of the aperture. 
 Right lip indistinctly crenulated. 
 
 Length 9 lines. Width 3 lines. 
 Inhabits the seas of the Isle of France. 
 
 This shell, whose coloring is very beautiful, has not yet been 
 figured ; it is remarkable for its elongated form, and for the 
 folds of the whirls, which give it a slight resemblance to our 
 variety of the BUCCINUM costatum, pi. 11, fig. 37; but its form 
 easily distinguishes it : it is more elongated, and never as large ; 
 besides, it has a less effuse aperture, and the surface is marked 
 with longitudinal, undulating lines. 
 
 AW 
 
G E N IT S B U C CM N V M . 45 
 
 44. BUCCINUM CRIBARIUM, LAM. The Sieyt Buccmum. 
 
 n (h (Jf< ffi/ft 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., pi. 929, fig. 24. 
 
 PI. XVI, fig. 57. 
 
 B. testa parvula, oblonga, cylindracea, laevi, fulva aut ruf, albo-punc- 
 tata ; anfractibus subconnatis, margine superiore fascia albo et fusco ar- 
 ticulata cinctis; spiri apice truncati ; aperturft angustiuscula ; labro inttis 
 striato. 
 
 Shell small, oblong, pretty thick, cylindrical, smooth, fawn 
 colored or red, dotted with small, round, white dots, disposed 
 regularly in quincunxes, or in a net work ; spire composed of 
 eleven whirls, generally truncated at the summit. The whirls 
 are subconnate, surrounded at their upper part by an articulat- 
 ed band of white and brown ; the lowest whirl ornamented 
 towards its base with numerous transverse fine striae. Aper- 
 ture narrow, of a violet color. Lip obtuse, thick, almost 
 straight, interiorly having small folds or teeth in large quanti- 
 ties. The upper extremity forms the commencement of an 
 emargination. All the external surface of this shell is covered 
 by a membranous, reddish, thin periosteum, so transparent, 
 that the colors are seen through it. 
 
 Length 5 lines. Width 2 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean, the island of Ascension, and the 
 coasts of Goree, where it is very abundant. 
 
 This pretty little species is the same as the BUCCINUM Barnet 
 of Adanson ; the hell, owing to differences of age and sex, 
 presents some varieties in its form. This author remarked that 
 young shells have, proportionally, less length, less thickness, and 
 less spire ; the extremity is at the same time less obtuse ; the 
 right lip thinner, sharp, and without teeth. He also observed, 
 that, for the most part, the old shells which presented similar 
 characters, were old females. Finally, he pointed out another 
 peculiarity, common to all the specimens, which have attained 
 the number of eleven whirls : the shell is broken at the extremity 
 
46 G E N U S B U C C I N U M . 
 
 of the summit, in such a manner as to leave not more than four 
 or five whirls, and it is only in this state that it is commonly 
 found in collections. 
 
 45. BUCCINUM GERVIL.L.II. Germlle's Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) PAYR., Cat. de la Corse, pi. 8, fig. 21. 
 
 PI. XIII, fig. 43 et 44 var. 
 
 B. testa elongatA, Isevigata, subturrita, fulv& vel rubro-fuscescente : an- 
 fractibus convexo-planis, superne punctis albis maculatis ; apertura angusta, 
 violacescente ; labro dextro tenui, inttis dentato. 
 
 Shell pretty thick, smooth, narrow, elongated, subturreted, 
 formed of eight or nine slightly distinct roundish whirls, of a 
 fawn color or more or less deep brownish red ; some white 
 spots, forming a sort of zone beneath the sutures. Aperture 
 whitish, delicately shaded with a pale violet, rather small, 
 narrow, terminated by a straight canal, short, and very slightly 
 effuse at its extremity. Right lip thin and sharp ; the internal 
 edge denticulated. Columella lip covered in front by a point- 
 ed callosity, which partially conceals the striae of the base of 
 the lowest whirl, and exhibits a row of five or six small gut- 
 tules. Sometimes these do not exist. 
 
 Length 7 lines. Width 2 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, the coasts of Provence, Corsica, 
 and Sicily. 
 
 M. Payreaudeau first made us acquainted with this shell, 
 but he improperly placed it among the Mitres, for it has not 
 prominent folds upon the columella. Risso classed it as a 
 PURPURA, in his work upon the productions of Southern Europe, 
 and Blainville as a COLUMBELLA in his Faune Frangaise; with 
 the last genus it has some affinity ; nevertheless, it has not so 
 narrow an aperture, nor the swelling of the lip so prominent ; on 
 the contrary, this part, in his BUCCINUM, is effuse. It presents, 
 also, several varieties of color, and some specimens are found 
 
<; E N u P n u c c r N u M . 47 
 
 which are covered with small grayish points ; but the most re- 
 markable variety is that which we give, pi. XIII, fig. 44, upon 
 'which is beautifully delineated a foliaceous band which covers 
 the whirls and the body of the shell. 
 
 ' 46. BUCCINUM CORNICUL.ATUM, LAM. The Horn-like Buc- 
 
 cinwn. 7 I&*W1TZJ tyls 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) PAYR. Cat. pi. 8, fig. 10, 11, 12. 
 
 PI. XVI, fig. 56; et pi. XIV, fig. 47, young. 
 
 B. testa parvula, oblongo-conica, angusta, Isevi, nitida, cornea, maculis 
 fulvis aut rubris ornata; anfractibus connatisj labro intus dentato. 
 
 Shell small, pretty thick, oblong, cylindrical, subturreted, 
 smooth, white or of a variegated color, marked with brown or 
 bright fawn colored spots or waved and zigzag longitudinal 
 lines ; spire very pointed, composed of six or seven scarcely 
 convex whirls ; sutures indistinct. Aperture narrow, elongat- 
 ed, of an orange color; right lip pretty thin, denticulated 
 within. Columella generally smooth, without guttules, at its 
 base. 
 
 Length 6 to 7 lines. Width 2 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, the coasts of Provence, Corsica 
 and Sicily. 
 
 This shell has altogether the aspect of the BUCCINUM Gervillii ; 
 and it is only after an attentive examination, that we finally dis- 
 cover the characters which serve to distinguish it from that. In 
 the B. corniculatum, the denticulations of the right lip are less 
 numerous, and the aperture is of an orange color, whilst, on the 
 contrary, it is of a violaceous white in the B. Gervillii. Blain- 
 ville had also placed this shell among the COLUMBELL.E, which 
 it somewhat resembles in the aperture, which is narrow in both 
 species, and in the right lip, being very gently swollen towards 
 its middle. 
 
 We shall give, at the end of this monograph, the situation 
 which should be assigned to the shells which we shall have 
 
 # 1-- "''* 
 
48 G E N TI p B U C O I N IT M . 
 
 described, so as to present the most natural series of groups or 
 sections, which we can possibly form. In this manner, we shall 
 indicate with clearness, the gradations by which we are led from 
 one genus to another, as determined by the affinities which the 
 animals and the principal characters of the shell present. 
 
 47. BUCCINUM SEMICONVEXUM, LAM. The Semi-convex 
 
 Buccinwn. fj. . t . . 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) 
 Pi. XVII, fig. 60. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, apice peracuta, Isevi, basi striata, pallide rubente; 
 anfractibus super no fusco maculatis, duobus infimis convexis, superioribus 
 planulatis; labro intus dentato. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, very pointed at its summit, of a pale 
 red, often ornamented with longitudinal waved and distant 
 bands ; sometimes elongated spots appear upon the whirls of 
 the spire, which are eight or nine in number; the lowest are 
 convex. The base of the shell is marked with very fine, and 
 very approximate strise. Aperture ovate, elongated, of a 
 whitish color. Right lip rounded, striated internally ; Colu- 
 mbia arched and smooth. 
 
 Length 9 lines. Width 4 lines. 
 Inhabits 
 
 This shell is nearly allied to the BUCCINUM corniculatum ; it 
 differs, nevertheless, in several points ; it is larger, more ventri- 
 cose, and the lowest whirl of the spire is more convex, and 
 slightly depressed at its upper part. 
 
 / 
 x>Afe<ai, vfafvf* i 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 49 
 
 
 48. BUCCINUM CLAUSIL.IFORME, NOBIS. The Clausilia- 
 shaped Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) 
 PL XIII, fig. 46. 
 
 B. testa parva, fusiform!, castanea, transversim tenuissime striata ; an- 
 fractibus convexiusculis, superne longitudinaliter plicatis, atris et albis 
 maculis cinctis ; apertura angusta, ovata, fuscescente ; labro dextro tenui, 
 intus striato. 
 
 Shell small, spindle-shaped, of a chestnut color, covered 
 with numerous fine, transverse striae ; nine slightly convex 
 whirls to the spire, the upper longitudinally plaited ; sutures 
 pretty apparent, edged with small black and white slightly 
 elongated spots. Aperture narrow, ovate, brownish ; right lip 
 thin, delicately striated within. Columella slightly arcuated 
 and smooth, forming a small canal, emarginated at base. 
 
 Length 6 lines. Width 2 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, the coasts of Provence, and the 
 Isle of Hieres. 
 
 This singular little shell has the aspect of a CLAUSILIA, on 
 which account we give it the name. It has also some resem- 
 blance to the BUCCINUM Gervillii of Payreaudeau, but it is par- 
 ticularly distinguished by its more narrow and more elongated 
 form, by the transverse striae which cover its whole surface, and 
 above all, by its size, which is smaller than that of this last 
 species. 
 
 
 49. BUCCINUM AURANTIUM, LAM. The OranzfcB 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) MART.'' Conch. 4, t'. 125, 
 fig. 1188-1189? 
 
 PI. XXV, fig. 101. 
 
 B. testa minima, ovato-acuta, longitudinaliter et tenuissime plicata, obso- 
 lete decussata, luteo-aurantiaca, apice rubra ; anfractibus convexo-planis ; 
 apertura angustiuscula. 
 
 Shell very small, ovate, oblong, attenuated at its extremities, 
 Buccinum. D 
 
50 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 of an orange yellow color ; spire pointed, composed of seven 
 sub-convex whirls, bearing upon their whole surface numerous 
 longitudinal folds, intersected by fine transverse and approxi- 
 mate striae. The striae of the lowest whirl a little more distinct 
 towards the base. The sutures ornamented, near the edge, 
 with a row of small granulations, separated by a transverse 
 furrow. Aperture whitish, ovate, narrow, contracted at its 
 base ; right lip denticulated. 
 
 Length 5 lines. Width 2 lines. 
 Inhabits the coasts of the Island of Java. 
 
 The form of this small species is the same as that of the 
 B. pulchdlum of Blainville ; it differs from it, nevertheless, by 
 its more prominent folds, the granulations around the sutures, 
 and, above all, by its invariably uniform coloring, of an orange 
 yellow. 
 
 50. BUCCINUM PUL.CHELLUM, BLAINV. The Pretty Buc- 
 
 cinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS, et WOLD.) BLAINV. Faune Fran?., pi. 7, fig. 4. 
 Pi. XVIII, fig. 68. 
 
 B. tesi'd oblonga, subturrita, fulvescente, fusco varia ; anfractibus con- 
 vexiusculis, longitudinaliter tenuissime plicatis, transversim striatis ; aper- 
 lura alba, elongata, angusta ; labro dextro inttis denticulate. 
 
 Shell oblong, lanceolate, subturreted, of a whitish or reddish 
 color, beautifully varied with simple or decussated brown spots 
 or lines, forming sometimes a very elegant net-work, spire 
 composed of six pretty distinct whirls, slightly swollen ; nu- 
 merous longitudinal folds, slightly projecting, and crossed by 
 decurrent striae, almost amounting to folds, at the base of the 
 last whirl. Aperture whitish, elongated, narrow ; right lip 
 rather thin, indistinctly denticulated within. 
 
 Length 4 lines. Width 1J- lines. 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 5| 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, the coasts of Sicily, and the 
 Indian Seas. 
 
 The name of this little shell indicates its beauty; it is colored 
 in a delightful manner. It was described by Blainville from a 
 specimen in the collection of Deshayes, which was found in the 
 Mediterranean. M. Woldemar possesses in his, several speci- 
 mens of the same species, which were brought to him from the 
 Indian Ocean. These are a little more elongated, the longitu- 
 dinal folds, and the transverse striae are very distinct, whilst in 
 some from the Mediterranean the folds and the striae are very 
 indistinct. In this case they resemble very much the B. dermes- 
 toideum of Lamarck. I think the shell figured by Turton in the 
 Zoological Journal, t. 2, pi. 13, fig. 8, under the name of PUR- 
 PUR A picta, p. 365, should be referred to this species. 
 
 51. BUCCINUM DERMESTOIDEUM, LAM. The Dermestoid 
 
 Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) 
 
 PI. XXV, fig. 100. 
 
 B. testa parva, ovato-oblonga, laevi, nitida, albida, lineis rufis reticulatA ; 
 anfractibus convexiusculis, fascia rubr& ad margines albo-crenata cinctis ; 
 spira obtusiuscula ; apertur& angustata. 
 
 Shell small, ovate, oblong, smooth, polished ; spire some- 
 what obtuse, composed of five or six slightly convex whirls, of 
 a whitish color, and covered with small, ocellated, reddish 
 points, forming an indistinct net-work ; the sutures are sur- 
 rounded above by a small band of alternating white and red 
 spots, while the lower part is marked by another brown band, 
 sometimes broken by distant white spots. The middle of the 
 lowest whirl is surrounded by a sub-crenulated red band, inter- 
 rupted by white spots ; at the base of the whirl are seen 
 transverse striae, and a small brown band. Aperture ovate ; 
 right lip thin, and slightly denticulated. 
 
 Length 4 lines. Width 2 lines. 
 
52 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, the coast of Agde, and of 
 Corsica. 
 
 This little shell is one of the most remarkable of the genus, 
 on account of its delicacy of texture, and of its coloring. Its 
 ornamented bands, interrupted by spots of a regular form, render 
 it charming to the eye. 
 
 52. BUCCINUM L.ACTEUM, NOBIS. The Milky Buccinum. 
 (Collect. WoLDEMAR.) 
 
 PI. XXVIII, fig. 67. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, parva, tenui, laevi, diaphano-alba ; suturis promi- 
 nulis ; anfractibus convexis, basi obscuro-albide maculatis ; ultimo spira 
 majore, basi striato, maculis distantibus ad medium cincto ; apertura ovata ; 
 labro dextro intus denticulate, extus crassato. 
 
 Shell small, pretty thin, ovate, conical, smooth, of a diapha- 
 nous white ^ sutures indistinctly apparent ; spire composed of 
 six convex whirls, ornamented at their base with spots of a 
 duller white ; the lowest whirl as large as all the others, 
 striated at base, and surrounded, towards the middle, with 
 small, distant spots, articulated by a reddish line ; aperture 
 ovate ; right lip denticulated within, and thickened outwardly, 
 even to the base of the shell. 
 
 Length 4 lines. Width 2 lines. 
 Inhabits the Indian Seas. 
 
 Risso, in his work upon the productions of Southern Europe, 
 gives, under the name of PLANAXIS l&vigata, page 175, number 
 448, the description of a species which seems to approach the 
 B. lacteum. He notices it as having been found upon the coasts 
 of Provence in the Mediterranean. 
 
 The shell which we have just described is very nearly allied 
 to the B. dermestoideum. It differs, however, in this, that it is 
 never folded exteriorly, and it is always of a remarkable white. 
 
G E N U S B U C C I N U M . 53 
 
 53. BUCCINUM GL.ANS. LIWN., GMEL. Tfie Shining Buccinum. 
 
 ^ % ffo /J7, v* 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., t. 981, fig. 40. 
 
 PL XV, fig. 52. **f 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, tenui, Isevi, nitida, albescente, lineis spadiceo- 
 fuscis distantibus cincta ; spirS anterius longitudinaliter plicata ; labro basi 
 repando, margine inferiore denticulis muricato. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, rather thin, smooth, whitish, with spots of 
 a more or less dark red, and upon the lower whirl, a very large 
 spot of the same tint, but deeper : upon the convexity of this 
 whirl, may be counted nine or ten distant, parallel and trans- 
 verse lines of a bright chestnut-color, sometimes brown, at 
 other times blackish ; spire composed of eight whirls, the 
 three lower of which are smooth, and the other five marked 
 with small longitudinal folds, slightly arcuated. Aperture ovate, 
 widened towards the base, which is deeply emarginated, ter- 
 minated above by a small dilated canal, which is formed by a 
 re-entering angle from the right lip, and a transverse tooth 
 from the left lip ; the right lip is arcuated towards the top, thin- 
 ner from the middle to the base, and armed in this part with 
 five conical, pointed teeth, the lowest of which are longest ; it 
 is ornamented in the interior with a. great number of small, 
 very fine transverse striae. The left lip forms a plate which 
 laps over upon the body of the shell, and gives rise to a small 
 projecting keel, which is terminated below by a pointed and 
 oblique tooth, from whence a rounded fold is given out, which 
 is observed to wind spirally into the cavity. 
 
 Length 2 inches. Width 11 lines. 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean. 
 
 This shell is one of the most beautiful of the genus which we 
 are describing ; its elegant form, and the regular distribution of 
 the bands which adorn its whole surface, distinguish it in a 
 manner altogether peculiar. 
 
54 
 
 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 54. BUCCINUM SUTURAL.E, LAM. The. Sutured Bucdnum. 
 
 it.mjnti 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM'.) CHEMN. pi. 125, fig. 1199-1200. 
 
 * PI. XXIV, fig. 96. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, laevi, nitida,alba,luteo-nebulosa; anfractibus con- 
 vexiusculis, prope suturas noduliferis, supremis longitudinaliter plicatis ; 
 apertura Isevi ; labro postice denticulate. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, smooth, shining, whitish, sometimes of 
 a flesh color, marked with spots, and oftentimes with reddish 
 lines or flammules ; spire composed of seven slightly convex 
 whirls, with noduliferous tubercles near the sutures ; the first 
 four or five are marked with small longitudinal folds ; the 
 others have pretty fine, distant, transverse brown lines, as 
 many as eight or nine upon the lowest whirl : upon the base 
 of this are observed delicate furrows. Aperture ovate, round- 
 ed, white, smooth, terminated above by a small, dilated canal, 
 which is formed by a re-entering angle from the right lip, and 
 a transverse tooth from the left lip. The right lip is effuse, 
 arcuated, thin, armed at the base with five or six small den- 
 ticulations. The left lip consists of a plate which laps over a 
 little upon the body of the shell, and forms a small keel. 
 Columella smooth. 
 
 Length 13 lines. Width 6 lines. 
 Inhabits the coasts of the Isle of France. 
 
 This shell so strongly resembles the B. glans, that it ought, 
 unquestionably, to be united to that species. It has all its 
 characteristics, and the only differences which can be perceived, 
 are doubtless attributable to age or locality. The shell we have 
 just described is much smaller, the color less deep, the transverse 
 lines less marked ; the tubercles near the sutures are also very 
 prominent upon the last whirls, whilst they are but indistinctly 
 seen, or disappear altogether in the BUCCINUM glans. 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 55 
 
 55. BUCCINUM ELEGANS, NOBIS. The Elegant Buccinum. 
 (Collect. MASS.) 
 
 PI. XXIV, fig. 97. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, crassiuscula, nitida, Isevi, albescente, lineis longi- 
 tudinalibus distincta; anfractibus convexis, superne plicatis et inierne 
 maculatis ; apertura alba : labro dextro crasso, inttis striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, thick, shining, smooth, whitish, orna- 
 mented with numerous undulated and reddish longitudinal 
 lines ; spire composed of eight or nine convex whirls : the 
 upper ones plaited, and the others marked at their upper part 
 with white and brown spots or blotches, alternately disposed, 
 and surrounding the suture ; a band a little deeper colored 
 covers the body of the lowest whirl, the base of which is fur- 
 nished with pretty distinct transverse striae or furrows, five or 
 six in number. Aperture white, ovate, terminated above by 
 a sort of canal, indicated by a transverse ridge upon the left 
 lip ; right lip thick, slightly denticulated towards the base, and 
 deeply striated within. Columella arcuated, the base spirally 
 folded ; the left lip covers it, extends slightly upon the body 
 of the shell, and forms a small, projecting keel, terminated by 
 small drops, and a raised point. 
 
 Length 11 lines. Width 6 lines. 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean. 
 
 Not being able, from a single specimen, to point out with 
 precision the place this shell should occupy, it is with diffidence 
 that I establish it as a species ; it has striking resemblances to 
 the B. suturale; yet it is distinguished from it by peculiar charac- 
 ters ; it has no nodosities, appears to be much thicker, and has 
 the whirls of the spire less distinct. Finally, there are upon the 
 internal part of the lip very close and very apparent striae, 
 which are not found in the B. suturale. 
 
56 GENUS BU COIN U M . 
 
 56. BUCCINUM SEPIMENTUM, RANG. The Partitioned Buc- 
 
 Cinum. / t/' n o r 
 
 &M^fa&&ft 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) RANG, Magasin de Zoologie, 1832, pi. 18. 
 PI. XVIII, %. 66. 
 
 B. testa ovata, conica, ventricosiuscula, solida, Isevigata, ccerulescente : 
 singulis anfractibus cinguliferis, ultimo bicingulifero ; epidermi virescente ; 
 spira acuta ; apertura ovata, albescente, elongata ; columella arcuata, 
 callosft. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, slightly ventricose, attenuated at sum- 
 mit and base, pretty solid, nearly smooth ; general color, of a 
 bluish ash, ornamented with a deeper band upon each whirl, 
 and upon the lowest, with two others, distant, and more ob- 
 vious ; epidermis greenish ; spire pointed, composed of five or 
 six distinct, convex whirls ; the lowest, much larger than all 
 the others together, presenting at the base a pretty deep de- 
 current suture. The aperture is whitish, ovate, elongated, 
 terminated at the base by a very oblique emargination, and 
 above by a canal formed by the prolongation, upon the colu- 
 mella, of a callosity which becomes there a thin sharp plate : 
 this plate presents the appearance of a partition extending to- 
 wards the left lip ; the right lip is much elongated, thin and 
 sharp. Columella arcuated, covered by a callosity which ex- 
 tends a little upon the body of the shell ; from the middle 
 arises a ridge which descends obliquely nearly to the base of 
 the right lip, where it terminates within by a small elevation. 
 
 Length 8 lines. Width 3 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Bay of St. Anthony, Prince's Isle, where it is 
 found at great depths. 
 
 M. Rang, a distinguished conchologist, first made known this 
 singular shell, which he had collected in his voyage of circum- 
 navigation. It appears to be closely allied to the Purpurae, and 
 particularly to the division MONOCEROS, which it approaches by 
 the oblique ridge at its base. 
 
i: K \ U S B U C C I N U M . 57 
 
 57. BUCCINUM PAPILLOSUM, LINN. The Tuberculated Buc- 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., t. 969, fig. 23. 
 PI. xv, %. 54. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, crassiuscula, in fundo fulvo-fuscescente, tubercu- 
 lis albis seriatis creberrimis undique obsita ; apertura albd ; labro dextro 
 inferne denticulis muricato. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, thick, composed of eight convex and 
 subcarinated whirls ; the whole surface ornamented with small 
 tubercles formed like rounded papillae, eight transverse rows 
 of which appear upon the lowest whirl, four upon the second, 
 and three only upon those of the spire ; they gradually dimm- 
 ish in size towards the summit, which is generally of a rose 
 color. Aperture white, ovate, rounded, terminated at its up- 
 per part by an angle of the right lip, and a thick ridge of the 
 left lip, which form a canal : the emargination -at the base is 
 oblique. Right lip thick, furnished upon its edge with six or 
 seven spinose teeth, and in the interior with numerous transverse 
 striae, very fine, and slightly apparent. Left lip smooth, and 
 obliterated above ; it forms a convex varix at the base, and 
 terminates near this point by a straight and somewhat pointed 
 projection. The general color is whitish or reddish, marked 
 upon the convexity of the lowest whirl, with a large red or 
 fawn-colored spot, the rest of the spire sometimes sprinkled 
 with other smaller spots of the same color. 
 
 Length 1 inch 9 lines. Width 10 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean, the coasts of Tranquebar, Java, 
 and Madagascar. 
 
 The noduled tubercles which exist upon this shell render it 
 easily known, and serve to distinguish it from other species to 
 which its form has some resemblance. 
 
58 
 
 GENUS BUCCIMJM. 
 
 58. BUCCINUM OL.IVACEUM, BRUG. The Olive-colored Buc- 
 
 ctnwm XM,v,/0, tft.At (f 
 
 Collect. MASS. LAM.). FAVANE, Conch, pi. 33, fig. K-2. 
 
 ^ t v-.t, /^ 't ' pi. XV, fig. 53. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, rufo-fuscescente aut olivacea, laevi, basi transversib 
 sulcata, prima estate longitudinaliter plicat& et transverse striatii ; apertura 
 ovata, albescente ; labro dextro crasso, exttis marginato, intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, of a reddish or olive color, composed 
 of eight or nine whirls, the lowest of which composes nearly 
 half of the shell ; it is smooth, slightly arcuated, and often- 
 times ornamented upon each whirl with a whitish band. When 
 young, it is marked with convex, longitudinal folds, which are 
 intersected at the base of the lowest whirl only, by five or six 
 pretty deep transverse striae ; upon the upper whirls the folds 
 are much more close, and also more prominent, than upon the 
 lowest, where they oftentimes disappear altogether. The 
 edge of the aperture is whitish, ovate, notched at both ends, 
 the cavity of an ash color ; the notch above is small, placed 
 upon the upper edge of the right lip, where it is contracted 
 to the form of a small canal ; the emargination of the base is 
 arched ; right lip thick, margined exteriorly, crenulated indis- 
 tinctly upon the lower edge, and marked within with very 
 distinct, transverse striae. The left lip is continued in front, in 
 a thin leaf which extends a little over the columella : it is 
 smooth interiorly, and edged throughout its whole length with 
 a row of small drops. 
 
 Length 1 inch 9 lines. Width 10 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the seas of the Antilles at Guadaloupe, the Indian 
 Seas at Ceylon, and the coasts of Chili. , 
 
 When the specimens of this species are young, the longitudi- 
 nal ribs are very prominent upon the whole shell, and the trans- 
 verse striae are very numerous and very approximate ; they are 
 effaced by age. The coloring is sometimes whitish near the 
 
GENUSBUCCINUM. 59 
 
 right lip. Specimens have been found in the South Seas, on 
 the coasts of Chili, nearly seven inches in length. 
 
 59. BUCCINUM UNICOLORUM, NOBIS. The Single-colored 
 
 Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) 
 
 PL XJX, fig. 69. 
 
 B. test& ovato-conica, leevi, cinereo-albida, unicolorata ; anfractibus su- 
 perne plicatis, ultimo paulo majore ; spira basi sulcatA ; aperturS. ovata, 
 alba, inttis fulva; labro dextro crasso, infime arcuato, marginato, intus 
 striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, smooth, of a uniform ashy white color ; 
 spire composed of eight whirls ; the upper ones slightly plait- 
 ed, the lowest pretty large, marked with more or less straight, 
 longitudinal lines, approximate, and of a color a little deeper 
 and reddish ; base ornamented with six or seven furrows ; 
 aperture ovate, white, fawn-colored within ; right lip thick, 
 arcuated towards the base, elevated exteriorly into a thick, very 
 prominent margin ; within striated throughout its whole length ; 
 left lip thick, and partially covering the columella, which is 
 adorned with guttules one half of its length ; the first of these 
 guttules, which is uppermost, is much more marked than the 
 others. At the base of the columella is found a very promi- 
 nent fold, terminated by a guttule formed like a flattened point. 
 
 Length 1 inches. Width 8 lines. 
 Inhabits 
 
 This shell, at first sight, would seem to differ essentially from 
 the B. olivaceum ; its form is more elongated, it has not the 
 striae upon the whirls of the spire, and, finally, its whitish color 
 appears particularly to distinguish it from the last. These con- 
 siderations have caused us to regard it as a different species, 
 and yet we are not confident that new observations may not lead 
 to certain gradations which will unite it to the B. olivaceum. 
 
60 G E N U S B U C C I N U M . 
 
 % 60. BUCCINUM CANALICULATUM, LAM. ^ The Channeled 
 
 Buccinum. ( J - / f/'t 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) MART., CHEMN., pi. 125, 
 fig. 1194-1195. 
 
 PI. XXll, fig. 89. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, superne longitudinaliter plicata, basi striata, pal- 
 lid^ fulva, interdtim castaneo-bizonata ; anfractibus supern6 canaliculatis, 
 duobus infimis dorso laevibus ; apertura ovata, alba, fundo fusca ; labro 
 dextre crasso, intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, somewhat ventricose, of a pale fawn 
 color, spire composed of eight whirls ; upper ones longitudi- 
 nally folded, and slightly striated transversely ; the two lower 
 ones smooth, convex and strongly canaliculated ; the lowest 
 furrowed at the base, and frequently ornamented about the 
 middle with two bands of a chestnut-color. Aperture ovate, 
 white, cavity brown ; right lip thick, denticulated upon the 
 edge of the lower part, striated within ; left lip gives rise to a 
 thin and elevated callosity upon the edge of the columella, 
 and towards the top a very prominent transverse fold, forming 
 the commencement of a canal. 
 
 Length 17 lines. Width 8 lines. 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean. 
 
 This shell, which has been established as a species by La- 
 marck, should, I think, be again united to the B. olivaceum, and 
 should be regarded as a constant variety, either of sex or locality. 
 In some specimens the whirls of the spire are less canaliculated, 
 and the longitudinal folds slightly appear, as in the species to 
 which I presume they belong. 
 
G E N U S B U C C I N U M . 
 
 61. BUCCINUM CRENULATUM, BRUG. The Crenated Buc- 
 
 cinum. &t^ f ff t fjf t js fj 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) PETIVER. GAZ., t. 64, fig. 8. 
 PI. XXIII, fig. 90 et pi. XIV, fig. 49 var. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, longitudinaliter plicata, transversim tenuissime 
 striatd, varic colorata, fasciis rufo-fuscis pictft ; anfractibus superne angula- 
 tis, supra complanatis, ad angulum crenulatis ; apertura ovata, albescente, 
 superne angustatd ; labro dextro superne emarginato, intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, whitish, ashy or reddish, oftentimes 
 with two brown bands which are sometimes interrupted ; spire 
 formed of seven or eight distinct whirls, flattened above, fur- 
 nished with longitudinal, almost perpendicular folds, which are 
 themselves intersected by striae visible only in the interstices 
 of the folds, except towards the base, and upon the whirls at 
 the top of the spire. The upper edge of the whirls is flatten- 
 ed, and bordered by rounded tubercles, which are separated 
 from the longitudinal folds by a deep stria running below 
 them. Aperture ovate, whitish, contracted at the top by a 
 transverse fold of the left lip. The right lip is emarginated at 
 its upper edge, marked interiorly with transverse striae in great 
 numbers. The left lip is obliterated and flattened at its sum- 
 mit ; it gives rise from the middle to the base to a pretty thick, 
 projecting callosity, in the form of a keel. 
 
 Length 14 lines. Width 7 lines. 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean. 
 
 This species presents a great number of varieties ; in young 
 specimens the color is deeper ; the transverse brown bands are 
 more marked, and appear upon all the whirls; the shell has 
 also, proportionally, a more globular form. Other specimens 
 are of an uniform color, have the whirls strongly canaliculated, 
 and the longitudinal folds more approximate. We give a figure 
 of one of these last pi. 14, fig. 49. 
 
GENUS BUCCiNUM. 
 
 62. BUCCINUM HIRTUM, NOBIS. The Rough Buccinum. 
 
 ' ! (Collect. MASS.) 
 
 PI. XIX, fig. 72. 
 
 B. test& ovato-conica, subturrita, rufecente, fuscis lineolis transversim 
 maculate! ; spira acuta ; costulis eminentibus longitudinaliter ornata, ultimo 
 anfractu rotate evanescentibus ; apertura alba, subrotundata, emarginata, 
 superne angustata ; labro dexlro crasso.extus marginato. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, subturreted, spire pointed, and sutures 
 deep, ornamented in its whole extent, with projecting longitu- 
 dinal ribs, slightly oblique, pointed at their summit, raised and 
 continued upon the lowest whirls which they crown. These 
 whirls are more convex. The ribs of the lowest gradually 
 disappear with age. At the base of this whirl are observed 
 also ridges, and very prominent granulations. The aperture 
 is subrotund, white, emarginated and narrowed at the top by 
 a transverse fold of the left lip, and by an angle of the right 
 lip. Right lip thick, accompanied at its external part, by a 
 very apparent margin, and furnished internally with numerous 
 fine striae. The external color of this species exhibits a red- 
 dish ground, with irregular spots, and transverse lines of a 
 deeper tint. The band which surrounds the middle of the 
 lowest whirl is much wider and darker colored. 
 
 Length 1 inch. Width 6 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the coasts of New Holland, the Isle of Tonga- 
 Tabou. 
 
 This singular shell appears to be intermediate between the 
 BUCCINUM crenulatum and the Port Jackson Buccinum. It 
 resembles the first in its form, and the second in its coloring. 
 
c; K x us B ucc i N n M . 
 
 63 
 
 63. BUCCINUM JACKSONIANUM, NOBIS. The Port Jackton 
 
 Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) GUALTIERI, pi. 125, fig. E. 
 PL XIX, fig. 73. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, brevi, acuta, longitudinaliter plicata, luteo-oliva- 
 cea, albo rufo-maculata; ultimo anfractu ad medium Isevigato, antic6 trans- 
 versim striato; aperturft subrotundata, albescente; dextro labro crasso, 
 intus tenuissime striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, spire short, pointed, composed of seven 
 or eight convex whirls, noduled at their upper part, ornament- 
 ed upon their whole external surface with slightly undulated 
 longitudinal folds. Oftentimes the folds upon the lowest whirl 
 disappear partially upon the edge of the right lip, and this 
 whirl presents at its base a few strise which intersect the folds 
 crosswise, and thus form granulations. Aperture sub-rotund, 
 whitish, a little narrowed above. Right lip thick, accompa- 
 nied by a slightly prominent external varix ; the internal part 
 of the lip marked with numerous fine striae. 
 
 Length ] lines. Width 5 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the seas of New Holland at Port Jackson, where it 
 is quite common. 
 
 The general color of this shell is of a greenish gray, with 
 transverse lines more deeply colored. Upon the longitudinal 
 folds there are white and reddish spots, which give them the 
 appearance of articulated tubercles. This peculiar coloring 
 easily distinguishes it from other species. 
 
 64. BUCCINUM FASCIATUM, LAM. The Banded Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) GUALTIERI, pi. 43, fig. M. 
 
 PI. XXII, fig. 8fi. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, apice acuta, longitudinaliter plicato-granulosa, 
 transverslm striata, alba vel cinerea aut lutescente; fasciis transversis 
 diversimod& coloratis ; labro intus dentato. 
 
 Shell egg-shaped, elongated, variously colored, of ash, yel- 
 
64 
 
 GENUS BUCC1NUM. 
 
 lowish or fawn-color, sometimes without spots, but oftener 
 with transverse brown bands which surround the suture, the 
 middle and the base of the lowest whirl. The spire is conical, 
 composed of eight or nine whirls slightly inflated, shagreened 
 upon its entire surface by very apparent granulations, disposed 
 in series, and forming a large number of folds or longitudinal 
 ridges, with transverse striae ; the folds, which are parallel to 
 the length of the shell, are more numerous than those which 
 cross it. Aperture ovate, round, brownish or whitish. Lip 
 straight, thick, ornamented internally with small denticulations. 
 Columella arcuated, covered by the left lip, which is furnished 
 with guttules at its base. 
 
 Length 10 lines. Width 5 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, the rocks of the Island of 
 Teneriffe, the Canaries and the Azores ; the coasts of New 
 Holland, Van Diemen's Land, and of the South Sea. 
 
 This species, which is well characterized by its granular folds, 
 presents some varieties, both in the color of the cavity of the 
 shell, and in that of its bands. Upon some the rows of tuber- 
 cles are equal, and then its whole surface is shagreened. In 
 others the longitudinal folds are more prominent, more distant, 
 and the tubercles less apparent ; the general color of these does 
 not resemble that of the first : it is brown, and whitish bands 
 take the place of the deeper bands of the others. The whirls 
 are also more prominent in those specimens which are found in 
 the South Sea. 
 
 The young of this species, like the other Buccina, have the 
 lip thin, and the columella without a callosity. 
 
 All these differences have caused, improperly, a division of 
 this BUCCINUM into several species, and even into several genera. 
 Risso, in his work upon the productions of Southern Europe, 
 has formed his genera NES^EA and LECHESIS out of young spe- 
 cimens of the BUCCTNUM fasciatum ; and his MITRELLA marmi- 
 nea, also, is nothing more than a young specimen of this last 
 species. 
 
GEN US BUCCINUM. (J5 
 
 '^"^ 
 
 65. BUCCINUM RETICULATUM, LINN., GMEL. The 
 
 lated Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., t. 966, nV. 21, a^ y 
 
 PI. XXIll, fig. 91, and pi. XIX, fig. 71, vaj 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, longitudinaliter plicata, striis transversis dec 
 sata, subgranulosa, varie colorata; anfractibus convexo-planis ; apertura 
 rugosa et dentata. 
 
 Shell egg-shaped, elongated, rounded, obtuse at its lower 
 extremity, pointed at the upper extremity ; it is moderately 
 thick. Spire conical, composed of eight or nine whirls, almost 
 flat, or slightly swollen, but distant from each other ; their 
 surface is deeply chequered by longitudinal folds, crossed 
 by numerous striae. Aperture moderate, white and ovate ; 
 right lip thick, ornamented within with seven or eight striae, of 
 which those of the middle are generally the largest. Colu- 
 mella slightly arcuated, covered with a thin, brilliant plate. 
 The color of this shell is of a yellowish white, reddish or 
 chestnut-color, with a blackish blue band, passing beneath the 
 suture. 
 
 Length 15 lines. Width 7 lines. 
 
 Inhabits all the seas of Europe, the Island of TenerifFe, the 
 Azores, and the coasts of Madagascar. 
 
 This species, one of the most common of the genus, varies 
 much in its coloring, and offers quite a number of varieties, 
 either in its form, or in its whitish color, which is sometimes 
 uniform, and at others ferruginous. Some specimens are elon- 
 gated, others, on the contrary, are of a globular appearance, a 
 distinction, which, I suspect, is sexual. The most remarkable 
 variety is that upon which the striae are less marked, which gives 
 it also a less reticulated appearance, as may be seen in our 
 figure 71, pi. 19. 
 
 Buccinum. E 
 
QQ GENUS BUCCINUM . 
 
 66. BUCCINTJM MONILE, NOBIS. The Necklace Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) MONTAGU, p. 243, pi. 8, fig. 1. 
 
 Pi. XI, fig. 40. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, laevi, nitida, albescente, fascia resell transversim 
 cincta ; anfractibus convexis, longitudinaliter tenuissime costatis ; sutura 
 ornatci tuberculis moniliformibus ; apertura ovata, alba, angustata ; labro 
 dextro intus striato ; columeM callosa. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, smooth, polished, whitish ; a decurrent 
 band of a rose color is seen beneath the suture, and three 
 others surround the middle of the lowest whirl ; that of the 
 middle is broader and more apparent. Spire composed of 
 seven slightly convex whirls, ornamented with longitudinal 
 ribs formed like folds, numerous and slightly elevated. The 
 upper edge of the whirls is a little flattened. The base of the 
 lowest is accompanied with two distinct ridges. The suture 
 is edged with rounded tubercles situated between each fold, 
 where they form a sort of necklace. Aperture ovate, white, 
 contracted above by a transverse fold of the callosity. Right 
 lip sub-truncated, somewhat denticulated upon the lower edge, 
 marked with transverse striae internally. Columella edge cov- 
 ered by a pretty thick callosity, spreading a little upon the 
 belly of the shell. 
 
 Length 11 lines. Width 5i lines. 
 
 Inhabits the coasts of England at Purbeck and at Wey- 
 mouth, and those of New Guinea. 
 
 With some doubt, duoy and Gaimard gave this species as a 
 variety of the BUCCINUM coronatum, in their Voyage de I' Astro- 
 labe, p. 44, pi. 32, fig. 11-12. Indeed, it is very distinct from 
 this last, by its more elongated form, by the tubercles which 
 border the whirls of the spire, and by its longitudinal folds. 
 The specimen referred to by the authors we have quoted, was 
 covered with a ferruginous red tint. 
 
 Dr. Pulteney found a specimen of this species at Purbeck, 
 upon the coasts of England. Montagu says, also, that it is 
 found at Weymouth, but rarely. 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 67. BUCCINUM GUAL-TERIANUM, NOBIS. Gualtieri's Buc- 
 
 cinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) GUALTIERI, pi. 51, fig. 1. 
 
 PI. XIX, fig. 70. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, griseo-cinerea, acuta, longitudinaliter plicata, 
 transversim striata ; ultimo anfractu convexiore ; aperturu ovata, viola- 
 cea ; labro dextro intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, of an ash-gray color ; spire pointed, 
 composed of six or seven whirls, the lowest of which com- 
 poses alone nearly half of the shell ; this is swollen, and 
 slightly compressed above. The other whirls are somewhat 
 convex, except the last but one ; their surface is ornamented 
 with eleven or twelve distant, prominent, rounded, longitudinal 
 folds, intersected transversely by fine compact striae. Aper- 
 ture ovate, slightly oblique, of a violet gray ; right lip furnished 
 interiorly with numerous striae which are continued even to 
 the depth of the cavity. Columella smooth and whitish, with 
 a pretty prominent fold at the base. 
 
 Length 1 inch. Width 6 lines. 
 Inhabits the Isle of New Ireland. 
 
 We refer to this species, a shell described and figured by 
 Quoy and Gaimard under the name of PURPTTRA nassoides. 
 Voyage de T Astrolabe, page 564, pi. 38, fig. 10-10. 
 
 The specimen which was made use of by those naturalists, 
 appears to us to be the same shell, only smaller, and in a less 
 perfect state of preservation ; for it presents precisely the same 
 characters as that of which we have just given a description. 
 
ll, 
 
 68 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 68. BJJCCINUM OLIVIFORME, NOBIS. The Olive-formed Buc- 
 
 . MASS.) 
 
 PL XXV, fig. 99. 
 
 B. testa ovoi'da, subgranulosa, crassiuscula, olivacea ; spira altiuscula, 
 longitudinaliter exilibus, transversim multiplicibus striis ornata ; aperturS. 
 ovata, intus ccerulescente ; labro dextro laevi, tenui, intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovoid, subgranular, somewhat globular, not very thick, 
 spire moderately raised, composed of six rounded whirls, 
 furnished with longitudinal striae, slightly marked and crossed 
 by numerous transverse striae ; suture indistinct. Aperture 
 ovate, of a bluish gray within, and somewhat truncated at the 
 base, which is slightly emarginated : right lip smooth, thin, 
 delicately striated internally. Columella smooth, somewhat 
 excavated. This shell is of an uniform olive color ; the 
 distribution of the striae which cover it, is constantly the 
 same. 
 
 Length 10 lines. Width 5 lines. 
 Inhabits North America. 4 
 
 This shell was brought from New York, without its precise 
 locality being pointed out. The texture of the shell, and the 
 upper whirls, which are often carious, would indicate that this 
 species inhabits fresh water, like the Melanopsides. 
 
 4 Wood, in the Supplement to his Index, published in 1828, figures 
 this species, plate 4, as the BUCCINUM JYoveboracensis. A very accurate 
 description of this shell, which abounds in brackish water along our whole 
 northern coast, at least, together with the organization and habits of its 
 inhabitant, was read by the lamented Thomas Say, before the Academy of 
 Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, in 1821, and published in their Journal 
 the following year, under the name of NASSA obsoleta this name will 
 undoubtedly be retained by the American Conchologist. The transverse 
 striae are constant, but the longitudinal striae are usually wanting, and 
 are often replaced by folds running the whole length of the shell, re- 
 sembling in these respects B. undatum. Kiener's description applies to 
 the young shell. TR. 
 
GENUSBUCCINUM. 59 
 
 69. BUCCINUM BRASIL.IANUM, LAM. The BrazU Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) WOOD, Catal. suppl., pi. 4. fij 
 
 PI. XVII, fig. 59. 
 
 B, testa ovato-oblonga, crassiuscula, Isevissima, alba" ; anfractibus con- 
 vexo-planis, connatis ; labri limbo striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, oblong, thick and smooth ; the external surface 
 is entirely white or ash colored, polished, covered with a thick 
 reddish brown epidermis. Spire composed of six or seven 
 slightly elongated whirls, somewhat convex, and united by a 
 very fine, regular, linear suture. Aperture ovate, terminated 
 at the base by a shallow emargination. Right lip simple, 
 sharp-edged, expanded, furnished with fine transverse striae in- 
 ternally : left lip smooth, arcuated lengthwise, and partially 
 covering the columella. 
 
 Length 8 lines. Width 4| lines. 
 Inhabits the coasts of Brazil in the Bay of Rio Janeiro. 
 
 This species is remarkable for its dilated aperture, and for the 
 reflection of its right lip, which gives it some affinity to the 
 genus PLANAXIS. Wood, in his catalogue, has called it BUCCI- 
 NUM IcBvigatum. 
 
 : 
 
 70. BUCCINUM GAYII, NOBJS. Gay's Buccinum. 
 (Collect. MASS. 
 
 PI. XXI, fig. 79. 
 
 B. testa parva, elongata, conica, crassa, rufescente ; anfractibus con- 
 vexiusculis, distinctis, longitudinaliter tuberculose plicatis, transversim 
 tenuissime striatis ; apertura subrotundala, albescente ; labro dextro intus 
 striato ; columella laevi, arcuata. 
 
 Shell small, elongated, conical, pretty thick, formed of six 
 distinct, slightly convex whirls. The surface of the upper 
 whirls appears to be shagreened by very small tubercles, form- 
 
70 GENUS BUCOINUM. 
 
 ed by a multitude of very approximate longitudinal folds and 
 transverse striae. Upon the lowest whirls the longitudinal folds 
 disappear, and the * transverse striae, on the contrary, become 
 more apparent. Suture simple, accompanied by a small, very 
 narrow scaffolding, formed by a row of granulations, a little 
 larger, and like papillae. Aperture subrotund, whitish. Right 
 lip smooth at its edge, striated internally. Columella arcu- 
 ated and smooth. The general color of this shell is of an 
 uniform red brown. 
 
 Length 7 lines. Width 3 lines. 
 Inhabits the coasts of Chili, where it is very common. 
 
 This shell, which was brought from Chili by M. Gay, a natu- 
 ralist, has some resemblance to the BUCCINUM reticulatum, yet 
 obvious differences easily distinguish it. It has the whirls less 
 convex, the folds less prominent ; it is much smaller, its color- 
 ing is not the same, and, finally, it has, around the suture, tuber- 
 cles which are not found in the B. reticulatum. 
 
 Young specimens of this species have more prominent longi- 
 tudinal folds, which are continued quite to the base of the lowest 
 whirl. 
 
 71. BUCCINUM PEDICUL ARE, LAM. The Pedicular Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) CHEMN., pi. 125, fig'. 1186-1189. 
 
 ch/,. i $t(. 
 /J, &*uM 1 ^ a \ PI. XXV, fig. 102. 
 
 B. testa'minima, ovato-conica, laevigata, lineis albidis et spadiceo-fuscis 
 alternis eleganter cincta ; spira acuta ; apertura rotundata. 
 
 Shell very small, ovate, conical, smooth, diaphanous, colored 
 with white, elegantly ornamented upon its whole surface with 
 pretty numerous, narrow, transverse lines, of a blackish brown ; 
 spire composed of six slightly convex whirls ; the lowest is in- 
 flated, and larger than all the others united ; suture linear, very 
 fine ; aperture subrounded, violet color; within are perceived 
 the external colored lines. Right lip simple, thin, sharp ; the 
 
GENUS BUCCI NUM. 7J 
 
 edge is expanded, marked with brown lines. Columella 
 smooth and arcuated. 
 
 Length 3 lines. Width 2 lines. 
 Inhabits the coasts of England, and the West India Seas. 
 
 Da Costa says that this little shell is found at Cornwall, where 
 it is very common ; and Dr. Pulteney maintains, also, that it is 
 very abundant upon the coast of Dorsetshire. 
 
 This very small shell had been described and figured in several 
 old works, under the name of BUCCINUM lincatum. Lamarck, 
 not being aware of this circumstance, gave it the name of BUC- 
 CINUM pediculare, which has been retained by conchologists. 
 
 72. BUCCINUM SULCATUM, NOBIS. The Furrowed Buccinum. 
 (Collect. MASS.) 
 
 PI. XIII, fig. 45. 
 
 B. testa parva, ovato-conica, luteo-albida, transversim tenuissime striata ; 
 spira elongata ; apertura ovata, albida ; labro dextro crassiusculo, inltis 
 transversim striato ; epidermi rufescente. 
 
 Shell small, ovate, conical, spire elongated, formed of six 
 distinct whirls, furnished with numerous, transverse, pretty fine 
 stria? ; these striae are regular and beautiful ; there are none 
 upon the two upper whirls, which are smooth. Suture ap- 
 parent ; the stria which borders it, is a little more distant than 
 the others, and of an obscure color. Aperture ovate, whitish ; 
 right lip thickish', marked internally by transverse stria? ; colu- 
 rnella slightly arcuated, partially covered by a thin brilliant 
 
 plate. Epidermis reddish. The shell is of an urtifbrfn yd- 
 . , ** 
 
 lowish white color. 
 
 Length 7 lines. Width 3^ lines. 
 Inhabits 
 
 This shell is very remarkable for the numerous fine striae 
 which completely cover it. Its uniform color renders it easily 
 distinguishable. 
 
72 * E N U 8 B U C C I N II M . 
 
 73. BUCCINUM PUNCTATUM, NOBIS. The Dotted Buccinum. 
 (Collect. MASS.) CHEMN., pi. 125, fig. 1179. 
 
 PI. XIV, fig, 51. 
 
 B. testa parva, ovato-conica, albida, fuscis fasciisculis tenuissime ordi- 
 natis transversira distincta; anfractibus convexiusculis ; apertura ovata, 
 albida ; labro dextro crassiusculo, intfis striato. 
 
 Shell small, ovate, conical, whitish, covered with very nu- 
 merous small brown spots, arranged in transverse series. Two 
 rows of spots, more distinct, and of a deeper color, are observ- 
 ed upon the lowest whirl. The spire is composed of six 
 whirls, which are slightly convex ; the third is ornamented 
 with numerous, projecting, longitudinal folds ; the others are 
 smooth. Aperture ovate, white ; right lip thickish, striated 
 internally ; left lip covering the columella throughout its whole 
 length. 
 
 Length 4 lines. Width 2 lines. 
 Inhabits 
 
 This shell is one of the most beautiful of the genus BUCCINUM. 
 The distribution of its numerous dots, arranged in transverse 
 series, gives it a very pleasing appearance. 
 
 74. BUCCINUM FASCIOLATUM, LAM. The Belted .Bpccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) PAYR., Cat. de la Corse, pi. 8, 
 fig- ?, 8, 9. 
 
 PL XVII, fig. 61, 62, var. A, 63, var. B. 
 
 B. testft ovato-eonica, laevigata, rubente ; anfractibus convexiusculis ; 
 subconnatis, ultimo zonis duabus ccerulescentibus reraotis cincto; labro 
 intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, thick, smooth, pointed at its summit, 
 spire composed of six or seven slightly distinct whirls ; suture 
 moderately deep, a few transverse striae at the base of the 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 73 
 
 lowest whirl. Aperture pretty large, ovate, violet colored or 
 chestnut, dilated towards the middle ; right lip sharp, denticu- 
 lated within. Left lip thick, and partially covering the colu- 
 mella in its whole extent. Epidermis thin, of a greenish or 
 reddish brown, and beneath are perceived transverse zones, 
 and spots of a slate or violet gray color, with a decurrent 
 white band, articulated with brown or bay-colored spots upon 
 the suture. 
 
 Length 9 lines. Width 4J- lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, the coasts of Southern France, 
 of Sicily and of Corsica ; where it is found in great abundance 
 upon the rocks which bound the shore. 
 
 This species has been described and figured by Payreaudeau 
 in his Catalogue de la Corse, p. 160, pi. 8, fig. 7, 8, 9, under the 
 name of BUCCINUM Cameilii; by Blainville, who united it to his 
 BUCCINUM corniculum in the Faune Franpaise, p. 183, pi. 6, B, 
 fig. 5, 5, A, and by Risso, who called it PLANAXIS olivacea. 
 The form of the shell varies little ; but not so the size and 
 color : some specimens remain invariably smaller, with more 
 apparent zones, and of a blackish brown color, the spots and the 
 edge of the right lip of a dull white : we give a figure of them, 
 pi. 17, fig. 62. Others present a variety of the same size, upon 
 which the bands are no longer apparent ; the shell is then covered 
 with reddish spots upon a rose white ground : these small points 
 often run together into undulating, longitudinal lines. 
 
 A third variety is very remarkable for its deep black color; 
 we have represented it, pi. 17, fig. 63. Numerous pretty fine 
 transverse stria? cover its whole surface, and whitish spots sur- 
 round the base of the suture. Finally, there are others which 
 are of a straw color, and upon which the bands are scarcely to 
 be seen. 
 
 It also sometimes happens, but very rarely, that the type spe- 
 cies has upon the lowest whirl, pretty numerous and strongly 
 prominent longitudinal folds. (Gualtieri, pi. 43, fig. P). 
 
GENUS B U C O I N U M . 
 
 75. BUCCINUM UNIFASCIATUM, NOBIS. The One Banded 
 
 Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) 
 
 PI. XIV, fig. 50. 
 
 B. testA ovato-conica, elongata, nitida, luteo aut fulvo-albida ; anfracti- 
 bus convexiusculis, tenuissime plicatis, transverse striatis; aperjturd ovata, 
 albid& ; labro dextio crasso, inttis dentato; columella alba, arcuata. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, elongated, polished, spire composed of 
 seven pretty distinct, but slightly convex whirls, ornamented 
 with numerous deeply furrowed folds ; the folds of the lowest 
 whirl are gradually effaced by age, and sometimes completely 
 disappear. These folds are crossed by very fine and very 
 numerous transverse striae, colored with articulated, elongated, 
 brown and whitish spots ; the striae of the base are more 
 strongly prominent. Aperture ovate, whitish ; right lip thick, 
 denticulated internally. Columella white, arcuated, with a 
 few guttules at its base. The general color is of a yellowish 
 white, or fawn-color, with a brown, decurrent band above the 
 suture, and a single other at the middle of the lowest whirl, 
 like a girdle. 
 
 Length 9 lines. Width 4 lines. 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, on the coasts of Sicily. 
 
 This species seems to resemble the BUCCINUM Cuvieri ; and 
 it would be well to regard it as a local variety of that ; never- 
 theless, there is an essential difference between the two shells ; 
 it consists in the very marked transverse band upon the lowest 
 whirl of the B. unifasciatum, which induced me to give it that 
 name, and its size, which is double that of the BUCCINUM Cuvieri. 
 
 The One-banded Buccinum presents, also, in itself, some va- 
 rieties of color. Some specimens are of a straw-yellow, and 
 sometimes they have not the transverse band ; others, in which 
 the band is slightly apparent, have longitudinal spots upon 
 strongly marked transverse striae, of a dull white. 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM 
 
 75 
 
 V 76. BUCCINUM CUVIERI, PAVR. Cuvier's Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) PAYR., Cat. de la Corse, p. 163, pi. 8, 
 fig. 17-18. 
 
 PI. XX, fig. 74, 75, var. A, 76, var. B. 
 
 B. testA parva, ovato-conica, nitida, pellucida, acuta, luteo-albida, longi- 
 trorstim tenuiter plicata, transvers& striata ; anfractibus convexiusculis, 
 margine superior! albis, fusco-castaneis, aut fusco-coerulescentibus ; aper- 
 tura alba ; labro dextro crasso, intus striato. 
 
 Shell small, ovate, conical, rather shining, pointed ; spire 
 formed of six or seven indistinct whirls, often ornamented with 
 longitudinal folds, which are rarely continued to the base of 
 the lowest whirl, and which are crossed by very fine and 
 slightly marked transverse striae. Aperture white ; right lip 
 thick, white externally, and denticulated within. Columella 
 smooth, with two guttules at the base. The coloring of the 
 shell is very various. The ground is generally of a yellowish 
 white ; the transverse striae are accompanied with very fine 
 lines, white and of a red bay color ; reddish, or bluish brown 
 spots, intersected with white, form zones upon the upper-part 
 of each whirl. At the base, and the middle of the lowest, the 
 brown lines are more marked. 
 
 Length 6 lines. Width 3 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, the coasts of Southern France, 
 and of Corsica, where it is very common. 
 
 This BUCCINUM varies so much in its coloring, that some 
 authors, deceived by the different shades of the shell, have di- 
 vided it into several species. Payraudeau, in his Catalogue des 
 Coquilles de la Corse, pi. 8, fig. 15, 16, has established a species 
 under the name of BUCCINUM Ferussad, the greater part of the 
 characters of which belong equally to that which he had already 
 called BUCCINUM Cuvieri, the same we have just described. In 
 the Ferrusaci of that author, the longitudinal folds, which are 
 prolonged upon the lowest whirl, are more prominent, the color 
 
7(3 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 almost uniform, and the spots are only formed upon the upper 
 part of the whirls, instead of covering the whole surface of the 
 shell. See our plate 20, fig. 75. 
 
 Specimens are also met with which are nearly black. Blain- 
 ville, in the Faune Frangaise, pi. 6, B, fig. 4-4A, has figured 
 this variety under the name of BUCCINUM Ascanias ; but the 
 description which he has added, p. 178, No. 15, by no means 
 belongs to the figure exhibited. We figure 'it, pi. 20, fig. 76. 
 Risso, in his work upon the productions of Southern Europe, 
 has formed from the varieties of this species, his PLANAXIS Beu- 
 dantiana, pi. 9, fig. 125 ; PLANAXIS lineolata, page 173, pi. 9, 
 fig. 136; PLANAXIS raricostata, p. 174, pi. 8, fig. 106. Da 
 Costa in his Catalogue des Coquilles de la Sidle, proposes to 
 unite the two species of Payraudeau, and to give the type species 
 the name of BUCCINUM elegans. As for us, we shall retain his 
 first name of BUCCINUM Cuvierii. 
 
 77. BUCCINUM SCALARIFORME, VAL. The Stair-formed 
 
 Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) CHEMN., pi. 188, fig. 1808-1809? 
 
 M f/ P1 . XXI> fig . 80 . 
 
 B. testS. ovato-elongat^, subturrita,apice acuta, albida; anfractibus valde 
 convexis r rotundatis, longitudinaliter plicatis, trans versim tenuissim6 stria- 
 tis; apertura alba, pubrotundata ; labro dextro tenui, inttis striato; colu- 
 mella arcuata. 
 
 Shell ovate, elongated, slightly turreted, pointed at the 
 summit ; spire composed of seven very convex rounded whirls, 
 united by a shallow suture. Upon the whirls are regularly 
 disposed longitudinal ribs or folds, crossed by numerous, fine, 
 approximate strise, which, by their mutual intersection, cover 
 the surface of the shell. Aperture white, and slightly rounded. 
 Right lip thin, striated internally ; columella arcuated, covered 
 by the left lip. The coloring is whitish, sometimes ornamented 
 with transverse bands. 
 
 Length 14 lines. Width 7 lines. 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean. 
 
 This shell approaches the BUCCINUM Roissyi ; it is, neverthe- 
 less, distinguished by quite remarkable differences : it is larger, 
 and has the whirls more convex and the longitudinal folds more 
 prominent. 
 
 78. BUCCINUM ROISSYI, DESHAYES. De Roissy's Bu 
 
 ft t&\ti',ijr. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) BELLANG., Voy. aux Ind. Or., pi. 3, fig. 3-4. 
 PI. XXI, fig. 82. 
 
 B. testa elongata, subturrita, angusta,pallide fulvd clathrata ; anfractibus 
 convexis, ultimo brevi; apertnra minima, albd ; labro dextro intiis striato ; 
 columella obliqu& truncata. 
 
 Shell elongated, subturreted ; spire long, pointed, formed of 
 eight or nine convex whirls, chequered by longitudinal folds, 
 and pretty numerous and very regular transverse striae. The 
 lowest whirl is short and subglobular. Aperture small, ovate, 
 oblong, and white in all its parts. Right lip finely striated 
 internally ; columella cylindrical, obliquely truncated, and 
 terminated at the base by a deep emargination, which is 
 recurved towards the back of the shell. The coloring is a 
 little remarkable : it is of an uniform, pale, fawn-color, but 
 interrupted on the lowest whirl by an obscure and transverse 
 whitish zone. 
 
 Length 9 lines. Width 5 lines. 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean. 
 
 This ather rare sp s ecies 'has been found only in the Indian 
 Seas. Bellanger obtained it in his voyage to Pondicherry. 
 
78 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 79, BUCCINUM ORNATUM, NOBIS. The Ornamented Buccinum. 
 
 . 
 
 m,/*** (Collect * ASS - ) , CHEMN - J pL 124 > fig - 168> 
 
 PI. XXI, fig. 83. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, apice acuta, albo-violacea, rufo zonatft ; anfractibus 
 convexis, Isevibus, longitudinaliter plicatis, infime et superne striatis ; aper- 
 tura subovata, albescente; labro dextro marginato, intus striato; columella 
 arcuata, longitudinaliter guttata; 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, pointed at the summit ; spire pyramidal, 
 formed of six or seven distinct, smooth, convex whirls, covered 
 with very prominent, convex, longitudinal folds, intersected 
 only at the base, and upon the two or three upper whirls, by 
 a few pretty deep transverse striae. Upon these whirls the 
 strise become finer and more approximate ; they rarely exist 
 upon the whole surface ; in like manner the longitudinal folds 
 do not appear upon the right portion of the lowest whirl. The 
 color is of a violaceous white ; a dark red zone borders the 
 suture, and a broader and browner band surrounds also the 
 middle of the lowest whirl. 
 
 Length 10 lines. Width 6 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean, the coasts of Tranquebar, of 
 Coromandel, and the Island of Ceylon. 
 
 This shell, easily distinguished by its transverse bands, has 
 also been figured in Wood's Catalogue, p. 23, fig. 120, under 
 the name of BUCCINUM stolatum. 
 
 80. BUCCINUM ASC ANIAS, BRUG. The Jlscanias Buccinum. 
 
 &**H>.m.^3X' 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) GUALTIERI, Test., t. 44, fig. N. 
 
 - 
 
 , i A ; ' >'"' v. 7 ,tf"jr *r 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, longitudinaliter plicata, transversim striata, cinerea 
 aut luteo-fulva ; anfractibus valde convexis, ultimo spira breviore ; apertura 
 rotundatci ; labro extus marginato, intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, elongated, subturreted ; spire pointed, composed of 
 
GENUS B U C C I N U M . 79 
 
 seven strongly convex whirls, furnished with longitudinal folds, 
 quite apparent, intersected transversely by numerous, regular, 
 fine striae ; aperture rounded and whitish ; right lip thick, 
 margined externally, and striated internally ; columella arcuat- 
 ed, covered by the left lip, which is polished, and covered 
 with small, delicate, raised striae ; the base strongly folded 
 upon the back. The general color is of an ash-red, with a 
 whitish band which covers the suture, and the middle of the 
 lowest whirl. 
 
 Length 8 lines. Width 4 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, the coasts of Naples, Sicily, 
 and Barbary. 
 
 The distinction of this shell consists, especially, in the whirls, 
 which are always very convex ; but sometimes the band at the 
 suture, and upon the middle of the lowest whirl, does not exist. 
 
 81. BUCCINUM COCCINEL.L, A, LAM. The Lady-bug Buccinum. 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) MONT., Test. Brit., pi. 8^ fig. 4. 
 
 PI. XXV, fig. 98 ; et pi. XX, fig. 77-78, var. 
 
 B. testa parvula, ovato-conica, crassiuscula, longitudinaliter et oblique 
 plicata, transversim tenuissimeque striata, colore varia ; anfractibus con- 
 vexis ; labro margine inflexo, crasso, intus dentato. 
 
 iShell pretty thick, ovate, elongated or conical, reddish, very 
 variable in color, as, more or less deep fawn-color, blackish 
 ferruginous, and sometimes whitish ; whitish or brown spots 
 upon the whirls ; these are seven in number, distinct, inflated, 
 folded throughout their whole length, and crossed by numerous 
 pretty apparent striae ; aperture white, rounded, right lip 
 thick, margined, marked with spots externally, and denticulated 
 internally ; columella arcuated, smooth. Left lip obliterated, 
 flat, and a little raised near the base. 
 
 Length 7 lines. Width 4 lines. 
 
80 GENUSBUCCINUM. 
 
 Inhabits the Channel, on the coasts of France and England, 
 the Atlantic, and the Mediterranean, where it is very common. 
 
 This shell is so variable in its form, which is more or less 
 elongated, and particularly in its coloring, that some authors 
 have subdivided it into several species. These infinite divisions 
 in science are a perfect chaos, engrossing all our time and 
 memory in the study of endless nomenclatures. It would be 
 useful to compare together, as much as possible, species of the 
 same latitudes ; and if, in a series of specimens, we recog- 
 nised only differences of size and color, to establish them ac- 
 cordingly, as local varieties; these differences usually depend- 
 ing, in fact, upon mere modifications, occasioned by the different 
 places which they inhabit. 
 
 Montagu gives the shell we have described, Test. Brit., p. 247, 
 t. A, fig. 4, under the name of BUCCINUM macula. Payraudeau, 
 in his Catalogue de la Corse, p. 157, pi. 7, fig. 23-24, names, 
 likewise, BUCCINUM macula a variety which is more elongated 
 than that of Montagu. We have figured it, pi. 20, fig. 78. 
 This author gives the name BUCCINUM Lacepedii, to a variety 
 smaller, and of an uniform color, which we give, pi. 20, fig. 77. 
 The PLANAXIS affinis and rosacea of Risso, also, should be 
 restored to this species. 
 
 v 82. BUCCINUM, MIGA, ADANSON. The Miga Succinum. 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) ADANS., Voy. au Senegal, pi. 8, fig. 10. 
 
 p.. xxii, fig. ST. ^^.ii.nt./'^l 
 
 B. testa ovata, longitudinaliter plicata, transversim minutissime striata ; 
 albo-lutescente aut rubente, postice rufo-zonata ; plicis distantibus obliquis ; 
 anfractibus convexis ; apertura subrotundata. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, of an ash-gray color ; ornamented with 
 a reddish zone at the suture, and another, much wider and 
 more deeply colored band, at the base of the lowest whirl ; 
 spire composed of seven rounded, swollen whirls, provided 
 with ten or twelve distant and slightly oblique folds, marked 
 also by a great number of transverse stria?, which intersect the 
 
 / 
 
G N U S B U U C 1 M U M . gj 
 
 folds at right angles, and become more apparent near the base 
 of the lowest whirl. Aperture whitish or violet colored, 
 nearly round ; right lip slightly margined, covered internally 
 with transverse striae. Columella arcuated, and twisted at its 
 base ; left lip, which partially covers it, is indistinctly striated, 
 and forms a wrinkle at the upper part. 
 
 Length 18 lines. Width 5 lines. 
 Inhabits 'the'coa&s of Barbary, and of Western Africa. 
 
 This species, which is nearly related to the BUCCINUM asca- 
 nias, ought to be united to it ; for it differs from it only in the 
 form of the lowest whirl, which is more ventricose, and by the 
 longitudinal folds, which are a little more separated. 
 
 83. BUCCINUM AMBIGUUM, MONT. The Ambiguous Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) MONT., Test. Brit., pi. 9, fig. 7. 
 
 ^A'-A-^^''^*' 
 Pi. XXI, fig. 81. 
 
 B. testa parva, brevi, conico-globulosa, colore varia, fulvo fasciata aut 
 maculata, plicis longitudinalibus striisque transversim subtilioribus undu- 
 latis decussate! ; anfractibus convexis, carinatis ; aperture! alba, suborbicu- 
 latd ; labro dextro marginato, intus striato. 
 
 Shell small, short, conico-globular, color slightly variable, 
 whitish or reddish, marked with fawn-colored bands or isolated 
 spots of the same color ; spire composed of six or seven 
 convex whirls, keeled and strongly folded. The whirls are 
 distant and swollen near the suture ; it has, also, upon its 
 entire surface, fine and numerous transverse striae. Aperture 
 whitish, suborbicular ; right lip margined, marked with brown 
 spots and striated internally ; columella arcuated ; the base 
 strongly recurved. 
 
 Length 7 lines. Width 4 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Channel, the coasts of England,* the Mediterra- 
 Buccinum. F 
 
82 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 nean, the coasts of Provence, the Isles of Hieres, and those of 
 Sicily. 
 
 This little shell is closely allied to the BUCCINUM coccimlla ; 
 nevertheless, it differs from it by the shortening of the whirls, 
 and by the more separated and more elevated folds, at their 
 upper part. 
 
 84. BUCCINUM GEMMULATUM, LAM. The.PearledBuccinum. 
 
 Ujtl.Mlf. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) PETIVER, Amb., pi. 64, fig. 7. 
 
 PI. XXII, fig. 84. 
 
 B. testa ovali, ventricosa, longitudinaliter plicato-granosa, striis im- 
 pressis transverse decussata, alba, rubro-nebulosa ; suturis excavatis ; spira 
 breviuscuM ; apertura rotundata ; columellci basi granulosa ; labro intus 
 sulcato. 
 
 Shell ovate, ventricose, spire pointed, composed of six or 
 seven convex whirls ; it is ornamented upon its whole surface 
 with granular, longitudinal folds, and transverse striae. Suture 
 very distinct, formed by a small canal, and bordered with 
 closer tubercles, principally upon the lowest whirl, which is 
 very much inflated, and composes almost half of the shell. 
 Aperture rounded ; right lip arcuated, thin, folded upon the 
 edge, ornamented internally with raised striae, which are con- 
 tinued within the shell. Left, lip expands upon the colu- 
 mella, which is truncated towards the top, and extends like a 
 raised lip towards the base ; it is covered lengthwise by two 
 or three slightly marked, oblique folds. The interior of this 
 shell is of a diaphanous white, like the surface, which, more- 
 over, is covered with reddish clouds. 
 
 Length 1 inch. Width 9 lines. 
 Inhabits the Indian Sea. 
 
 The series of pearl-like tubercles which cover this shell, and 
 its coloring, of a brilliant white, mingled sometimes with rose 
 spots, particularly in young specimens, give it a most pleasing 
 appearance. 
 
UENUS BUCCINUM. 83 
 
 85. BUCCINUM ABBREVIATUM, WOOD. The Tun Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect.' MASS.) CHEMN., pi. 153, fig. 1463, 1464 et 1466. 
 
 Pl.XXVI, fig . 10 5. , f-*< 
 
 B ' test ^ ovat ^> ventricosa, albescente vel castanea, albo et fulvo fasciata, 
 transversim striata ; spira brevi ; sutura canaliculata ; apertura alba, subro- 
 tundata ; labro dextro tenui, crenulato, intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, ventricose, of a whitish or chestnut color, 
 marked sometimes with deeper spots ; suture deep and canali- 
 culated, the exterior edge of which is slightly rounded and 
 surrounded by a white band, alternated with fawn-colored 
 blotches. Spire scaffolded, formed of six or seven nearly flat 
 whirls ; the lowest, on the contrary, is very convex, and larger 
 than all the others united. Upon the surface of this shell, are 
 seen equal, raised striae. Aperture white, sub-rotund, narrowed 
 at the upper part, dilated inferiorly ; right lip thin, crenulated 
 upon the edge, and marked interiorly with very prominent 
 transverse striae ; columella arcuated, covered by the left lip, 
 which is obliterated, flattened and corrugated above ; it forms, 
 from the middle to the base, a thick and projecting callus, 
 which is terminated by a very apparent fold, and by two 
 guttules. 
 
 Length 13 lines. Width 10 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean, the coasts of Senegal, and of 
 America. 
 
 This shell is very remarkable for its globular form, and for 
 the upper whirls, which sink within each other, with a pretty 
 distinct suture. It has some resemblance to the CASSIS canali* 
 culata of Bruguiere. 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM, 
 
 86. BUCCINUM RETUSUM, LAM. The Blunt Buccinum, 
 
 itfffcEtfi 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) CHEMN., Conch., t. 153, fig. 1465. 
 Pi. XXIV, fig. 94. 
 
 B. test& ovato-abbreviata, transversim minutissime striata, rufescente 
 aut violacea, varie maculata, albo fasciata ; spira brevi, turgida, apice 
 retusa; apertura alba, inlerne dilatata ; labro intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, slightly cylindrical, blunted at its summit ; 
 spire short, flattened, composed of five whirls ; the two last 
 much more swollen, and covered upon their whole surface with 
 very fine and very close transverse striae ; suture very ap- 
 parent, and a little canaliculated ; aperture white, ovate, nar- 
 rowed at its tipper part, dilated inferiorly ; right lip thin, 
 ornamented interiorly with numerous transverse striae ; colu- 
 mella smooth, arcuated at base, covered throughout its whole 
 length with the left lip, the base of which is a little thicker. 
 The surface of this shell is reddish or violet-colored, with 
 wide, reddish spots. It is ornamented at the upper part of the 
 whirls, and along the suture, with a white band, alternating 
 with irregular deeper spots. 
 
 Length 1 1 lines. Width 8 lines. 
 Inhabits 
 
 This shell so much resembles the preceding that we have 
 brought them together ; the only difference, which can be ob- 
 served, is in the form of the lowest whirl but one, which is more 
 convex, and larger ; it has also finer and more numerous trans- 
 verse striae. 
 
GENUS BUCCINU M . 5 
 
 87. BUCCINUM MUTABILE, LINN., GMEL. The Girdled Buc- 
 
 ^i* 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., t. 975, fig. 30. 
 
 PL XXIV, fig. 93. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conica, Isevi, nitida, basi striata, waperne longitudinaliter 
 plicata, fulvo aut luteo-nebulosa, venlricosa ; anfractibus convexis, prop& 
 suturas fascia albo et rufo articulata cinctis; spira exsertd, apice acuta; 
 labro intus striato. 
 
 vn ..*.>. -*,*v&, 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, smooth, slightly ventricose ; spire com- 
 posed of seven whirls, rounded and swollen at the upper part, 
 especially the lowest, which is larger than all the others unit- 
 ed. The three upper whirls are finely plaited ; the lower 
 whirl has a few fine, transverse striae near the base. Aperture 
 white and ovate, pretty strongly emarginated, and oblique at 
 the base ; the depth of the cavity chestnut-colored ; right lip 
 thin, white, very finely striated internally ; left lip thin, white 
 and shining, partially covering the body of the shell. Colu- 
 mella arcuated, terminated at the base by a sharp, and slightly 
 projecting keel. The exterior of the shell is red or fawn- 
 colored, ornamented with an articulated band of white and 
 violet upon the upper edge of the whirls, with waved longitu- 
 dinal yellow or red spots, the tint of which is sometimes 
 very deep, and often very pale. 
 
 Length 15 lines. Width 9 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, the coasts of France, of Cor- 
 sica, of Naples, of Sicily, and the Adriatic Sea. 
 
 This shell, which is very common, presents somewhat remark- 
 able varieties of color. Sometimes its ground is red ; and white, 
 undulated, very crowded flames, or brown and distant longitudinal 
 lines ornament it from one end to the other ; at other times it is 
 whitish, which happens when it has been a long time exposed to 
 the light ; and in this case transverse striae are perceptible on its 
 surface ; but the articulated band about the suture always ap- 
 
86 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 pears in each of these varieties. Blainville (Faune Frangaise, 
 p. 182), considers the BUCCINUM inflatum of Lamarck as a sex- 
 , ual variety of the BUCCINUM mutabile. We agree in opinion 
 with this naturalist; there is no difference between the two 
 
 '-shells. 
 
 **!*% Vtjfct 
 
 88. BUCCINUM RUFULUM, NOBIS. The Reddish Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) EncycL Meth., pi. 394, fig. 4, A-B. 
 
 ~*.t~ ./ <h.# - XXIVj % 95 
 
 B. test4 ovata, ventricosa,lseviuscula, rufa; anfractibus convexis, ultimo 
 superne basique striato; spira brevi, apice obtusiuscula ; labro simplici, 
 inferne repando. 
 
 Shell ovate, ventricose, almost smooth, of an uniform red 
 color ; spire formed of six or seven convex whirls, covered 
 upon their whole surface with very fine transverse striae, which 
 are not apparent upon the middle of the lowest whirl ; spire 
 rather short, slightly obtuse at its summit ; aperture whitish ; 
 right lip thin, smooth ; left lip extends upon the body of the 
 last whirl ; columella smooth and arcuated. The tint of this 
 shell inclines a little to a brick-color. 
 
 Length 1 inch. Width 8 lines. 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean ? 
 
 This shell appears to me the same as the BUCCINUM mutabile ; 
 but as we find it in collections only in a sub-fossil state, it is to 
 be supposed that its colors have disappeared ; this sole difference 
 excepted, we find the same characters, and above all the trans- 
 verse striae upon many of the specimens of this last BUCCINUM ; 
 upon others, also, there are no spots, and the reddish color 
 appears only more pale. 
 
 The Buccinum which I have just described, has been called 
 ventricosum by Lamarck. Having already a species of this 
 name among the BUCCINA, I have thought it improper to retain 
 it for this species. 
 
C E N U S B U C C I X U M . 7 
 
 89. BUCCINUM PAUPERATUM, LAM. The Meagre Buccimtm. 
 
 * v<^-. Ai f " to* /" I& J**? 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) GUALTIERI, pi. 44, fig. m. 
 Pi. XXIX, fig. us. 
 
 B. testa ovatd, ventricosa, crassiuscula, longitudinaliter undatlm plicata, 
 transverslm minutissime striatA,albescente; ultimo antractu spira longiore, 
 macula rufa tincto; labro intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, ventricose, spire formed of six convex whirls, 
 marked upon their surface with undulated, longitudinal folds, 
 and very fine, transverse striae, which form tubercles upon the 
 whole length of the folds ; these disappear upon the middle 
 of the lowest whirl. Aperture white, sub-rounded ; right lip 
 slightly margined externally ; columella arcuated, smooth ; left 
 lip thin, expanding upon the body of the lowest whirl. The 
 color is fawn or whitish ; a transverse band ornaments the 
 upper edge of the suture ; the lowest whirl, which is larger 
 than the spire, has a large reddish spot, which is prolonged 
 sometimes, into a band ; rarely, there is another at the base of 
 the shell. 
 
 Length 8 lines. Width 5 lines. 
 Inhabits the Pacific Ocean, and the Isle of Tonga-Tabou. 
 
 Quoy and Gaimard have figured, in their Voyage de V Astro- 
 labe, pi. 32, fig. 5-6, a shell of this species, which is a little lar- 
 ger than that which we have just described, and of an uniform 
 reddish-yellow color ; the longitudinal folds are also more prom- 
 inent in their specimens, and are continued as far as the base of 
 the lowest whirl. It was found at the last quoted locality. 
 
S v c; E N U S B U C C I N U M 
 
 90. BUCCINUM MARGINULATUM, LAM. The Margined 
 
 Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) GUALTIERI, pi. 44, fig. n. 
 Pi. XXIX, fig. 117. 
 
 B. testa ovato-acuta, plicis tenuibus longitudinalibus confertis striisque 
 transversis decussata, subgranulosa, colore varia ; anfractuum margine 
 superiore crassiusculo, crenulato ; spira exsertiuscula ; labro inttis striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, slightly ventricose ; spire pointed, formed of 
 six or seven whirls, rounded upon their upper part, separated 
 by a pretty deep and slightly canaliculated suture. The whole 
 surface is very regularly chequered by approximate, longitu- 
 dinal striae, and by other transverse striae, not less regular than 
 the first. Aperture white, callous, sub-rounded. Right lip 
 thick, striated internally ; columella covered by a wide, rather 
 thick callosity, ornamented lengthwise with small, irregular 
 wrinkles. The coloring of this shell is grayish, or of a pale, 
 uniform fawn-color, presenting upon the whirls one or several 
 transverse brown or whitish bands. 
 
 Length 8 lines. Width 5 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, the coasts of Naples, of Bar- 
 bary, and the Seas of Sun da. 
 
 Young specimens of this shell were brought from the last 
 locality by Bell anger, who has given a figure of it, in his 
 account of his voyage to the East Indies, pi. 3, fig. 6 et 7. 
 Deshayes has given it the name of BUCCINUM conoidale. See 
 also our pi. 27, fig. 109. This shell differs from the adult only 
 in the right lip which is thinner, and in the callosity, which is 
 less prominent. 
 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 89 
 
 91. BUCCINUM POL.YGONATUM, LAM. The Polygon Buc- 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) Voy. de I'Astr., pi. 32, fig. 28-29, var. 
 Pi. XXIX, fig. 119. 
 
 B. testA ovato-conica, longitudinaliter costata, transversim rainutissim^ 
 striata, olivacea, costis prorainentibus ; spira obtusiuscula ; apertuia rotun- 
 dat ; labro extus marginato, intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, spire composed of six or seven indis- 
 tinct whirls, sub-convex, plaited throughout their whole length, 
 crossed by fine and very close transverse striae ; those of the 
 base more prominent ; the longitudinal folds disappear insen- 
 sibly upon the right side of the lowest whirl, at the upper 
 part of which we find merely nodosities ; aperture rounded, 
 whitish ; the cavity of a brown color, and marked by trans- 
 verse bands ; right lip bordered externally, and ornamented 
 internally, with small, fine striae ; columella arcuated, covered 
 with a pretty wide callosity, brown at its upper part, and 
 white towards the base, which is adorned with small guttules. 
 The coloring is olive, with a white or yellowish band. Upon 
 the top of the lowest whirl, the folds and the tubercles are 
 sometimes whitish. 
 
 Length 9 lines. Width 5 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the coasts of Brazil, and those of New Holland, at 
 Port Jackson. 
 
 Quoy and Gaimard have given, in the Atlas to their Voyage, 
 p. 3^,.fig^,?8 .<md 29, a variety of this species, which we have ^ 
 also refJre-sfeirtfed ftrb&r plate 27, fig. 107. This last differs only 
 from the one we have just described, by the absence of folds 
 upon the lowest whirl, and the indistinctness of the callosity. 
 This variety comes from Port Jackson. 
 
 , jL,y* ,*+?> * : - f^li 
 
 ^* fF**~ O.'/i*^ 
 
 
QQ GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 f 92. BUCCINUM MURICATUM, QUOY et GAIM. The Spinous 
 
 Bucdnum. ^^^fi^./t ,/<?? t ^ 
 (Collect. MASS.) Voy. de FAstr., pi. 32, fig. 32-33. 
 PI. xxvn, fig. no. 
 
 B. testa parva, ovato-globosa, lutea, apice acuta, longitudinaliter plicata, 
 transversim echinata; apertura alba ; labro dextro crasso, intus striato. 
 
 Shell small, ovate, subglobular, spined, spire conical and 
 pointed, composed of six or seven whirls ; the lowest much 
 larger than all the others ; presenting on its exterior longitu- 
 dinal folds, upon which are regularly disposed pointed, conical 
 tubercles, which are of the same color as the rest of the shell. 
 The first row of these spines is situated immediately beneath 
 the suture ; the last one obliquely intersects the base of the 
 shell. Transverse striae, pretty fine and numerous, are observ- 
 ed between each of the rows of the spines. Aperture white, 
 semilunar. Right lip thick, furnished internally with fine 
 striae ; columella nearly straight, covered by the left lip which 
 forms a callosity. The color is uniform, of a white fawn, 
 sometimes pale orange. 
 
 Length 7 lines. Width 4 lines. 
 
 Inhabits Cartaret Harbor at New Ireland. 
 
 This little shell, which is quite rare, in many respects resem- 
 bles the BUCCINUM subspinosum ; only it is a little more elon- 
 gated, and the spires are more numerous. These two species 
 have the aspect of some RICINUL^E. 
 
 v 93. BUCCINUM SUBSPINOSUM, LAM. The Sub-spinous But- 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) 
 Pi. XXVI, fig. 103. 
 
 B. testa parva, ovato-conica, longitudinaliter plicato-tuberculata, trans- 
 versim striata, griseo-fuscescente ; tuberculis acutis, subspinosis ; apertura 
 rotundata ; labro inttis striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, conical, spire composed of six slightly convex 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 91 
 
 whirls, somewhat flattened at their upper part, ornamented 
 with longitudinal, spinous folds ; the lowest whirl supports two 
 or three rows of spinous, distant tubercles; besides, the whole 
 shell is crossed by pretty fine, transverse striae, more apparent 
 towards the base. Aperture sub-rounded ; right lip margined 
 externally, and striated internally. The color of this shell is 
 grayish, with irregular transverse bands of a slate or violet 
 color. The tubercles are sometimes white, arid oftentimes 
 brown lines cross them. 
 
 Length 7 lines. Width 4 lines. 
 Inhabits 
 
 This species is easily known by the rows of tubercles which 
 cover almost its whole surface. 
 
 1 94. BUCCINUM ARCULARIA, LINN.,GMEL. The Casket Buc- 
 
 cinum. ^ /-* ft ? q 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., p. 970, fig. 24 
 
 B. testa ovata, ventricosa, crassa, cinereo-ccerulescente, albo aut fusco 
 fasciata; ultimo anfractu turgido, tuberculis coronato; anfractibus spirse 
 longitudinaliter grosseque plicatis ; labro intus striato; columelia arcuata, 
 callosa. 
 
 Shell ovate, ventricose, pretty thick, composed of six or 
 seven flattened whirls, angular above, and the lowest of which 
 forms of itself half the shell; this whirl is very much inflated, 
 and furnished externally with thick, longitudinal, distant folds, 
 which are intersected by transverse striae ; the upper extremity 
 of each fold is terminated by a conical tubercle, sometimes 
 separated from it by a transverse stria which divides it super- 
 ficially into two. The upper whirls are convex, loaded also 
 with compact folds and transverse striae ; but in these the 
 tubercles are slightly perceptible, and upon some specimens 
 not at all. Aperture ovate, white, terminated at the summit 
 
92 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 by an excavated notch at the top of the right lip, and by a fold 
 of the left lip. The depth of the cavity is brown or of a 
 violet-color, marked with transverse, whitish bands. Right 
 lip thin upon the edge, denticulated in a part of its length, 
 deeply striated internally ; columella arcuated, covered by the 
 left lip, which is enlarged upon the body of the shell, and 
 forms a semicircular callosity, often thick, polished, marked at 
 the lower part by transverse guttules, and terminated by an 
 oblique keel, which is prolonged to a point. The color of 
 this shell is generally ash, externally ; but sometimes it is 
 bluish, ornamented with one or several transverse, white or 
 brown bands ; another brown band extends always between 
 the tubercles of the lowest whirl. Operculum is oval and 
 rounded, membranous and denticulated upon one of its edges. 
 
 Length 15 lines. Width 9 lines. 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean and the Moluccas. 
 
 This shell, which is very common, often varies in its form : 
 the whirls are more or less elongated, the longitudinal folds and 
 the transverse striae, sometimes completely disappear upon the 
 lowest whirl, nevertheless, tubercles remain which cover this 
 shell, and the furrows at the base, which are very well marked. 
 The coloring varies equally, some specimens are entirely white ; 
 others, of an uniform reddish or chestnut color. The young of 
 this species have folds and striae much more prominent ; in them 
 the lip is thin, smooth, and the callosity does not exist upon the 
 columella. 
 
 I shall here quote an observation of Q,uoy and Gaimard, upon 
 the animals of the division of the NASS.E, to which this shell 
 belongs. " These animals," say these writers, " choose marine 
 plants, where they seem to search for the small animals which 
 are found there : they are very active, always in motion, easily 
 raising themselves by the aid of their foot, when they are in- 
 verted ; not seeking for deep water, but, nevertheless, rarely 
 creeping to the open air. 
 
GENUS B U C C I N U M . 
 
 95. BUCCINUM PUL.L.US, LINN , GMEL, The Russet Buccinum. 
 
 ..\ o^.to. ^ 4- 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) GUALTIERI, Test., pi. 44, fig. R. 
 
 PL XXVIII, fig. 114. 
 
 B. testa ovato-acuta, ventricosa, plicis longitudinalibus tenuibus striisque 
 transversis decussata, cinereo-ccerulescente ; anfractibussuperne angulatis; 
 apertura subrotundata ; labro intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, ventricose ; spire pointed, composed of six or 
 seven whirls slightly angular at their upper part, loaded with 
 very convex longitudinal folds near the suture ; these folds 
 are less prominent, and more flattened upon the right lip of 
 the lowest whirl. It is intersected by numerous transverse 
 striae ; the upper extremity of the fold is sometimes separated 
 by a stria which divides them superficially. Aperture ovate, 
 white, terminated above by an emargination of the right lip, 
 and by a transverse ridge of the left lip. Right lip thin, 
 slightly denticulated at the base, furnished with numerous 
 striae internally ; columella arcuated, covered by the left lip, 
 which conceals, by its expansion, a part of the body of the 
 shell, and forms a large, white, and polished callosity. The 
 color of this shell is whitish, ash or bluish, sometimes without 
 spots or bands, at other times with two or three deeper bands 
 which surround the whirls. 
 
 Length 1 inch. Width 8 lines. 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean. 
 
 I think this shell is a variety of the BUCCINUM arcularia* 
 Gualtieri has already made this union with reason, because it 
 does not differ enough from the last to be a different species. 
 The folds and the striae cannot be considered as constant char- 
 acters, and belong generally to young specimens ; and this BUC- 
 CINUM differs only from the one we have just described, in the 
 whirls being much less flattened. 
 
 kU,-z&r /. i - *~ 
 
 , -/- > f . a ', / f . <' . 
 
94 GENUSBUCCINUM. 
 
 96. BUCCINUM CORONATUM, BRUG. The Crowned Bucdnum. 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) GUALTIERI, jpl. 44, fig. C-D. 
 
 PI. XXVI11, fig. 112. " " 
 
 B. testa ovato-acuta, crassiuscula, dorso laevigata ; basi striata, cinereo- 
 ccerulescente, obscure zonata ; anfractibus prope suturas tuberculatis ; labro 
 postice denticulis muricato, intus striato. 
 
 Shell ovate, inflated, smooth, polished, of a variable color, 
 bluish ash, reddish or brown, covered with narrow, white, 
 longitudinal lines, irregularly spread over it ; a deeper zone 
 surrounds the suture, and two or three others are found upon 
 the lowest whirl , that of the middle much more marked, and 
 sometimes the only one ; spire composed of six convex whirls, 
 slightly flattened at their upper part, and crowned by a row of 
 rounded tubercles ; the three or four upper whirls are folded 
 longitudinally, and intersected by transverse striae. Aperture 
 ovate, notched at the top of the right lip, with a ridge upon 
 the left. The depth of the cavity is brown, and marked with 
 a whitish band. Right lip thin upon the edge, crowned 
 throughout its whole length with small, short, and pointed 
 denticulations, furnished internally with numerous transverse 
 striae ; columella arcuated, covered by the left lip which ex- 
 tends upon the body of the lowest whirl in a white, rather 
 thick callosity, loaded towards the base with some slightly 
 apparent guttules, and terminated by small spinous points. 
 
 Length 14 lines. Width 7 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the seas of Madagascar, and Port Dorey, at New 
 Guinea. 
 
 This shell has some analogy with the preceding ; but several 
 differences distinguish it : it is more elongated ; the last two or 
 three whirls are smooth, and ornamented only around the suture, 
 by tubercles oftentimes rounded ; finally, the callosity upon the 
 body of the lowest whirl is much less prominent. 
 
GENUSBUCCINUM. 95 
 
 97. BUCCINUM THERSITES, BRUG. The Thersites Buccinum. 
 
 (Collect. MASS/LAM.) LisT.^ncli.ft. 971, fig. 26. 
 
 Pi. XXVIII, % 113. 
 
 B. testA ovata, crassiuscula,dorso vald6 gibba, longitudinaliter partlmque 
 plicata, basi striata, olivacea vel pallid^ coerulescente, albo aut fusco fasciata ; 
 gibbo, Isevi, maculate; labro crasso, intus dentato. 
 
 Shell ovate, thick, slightly triangular, gibbous upon the 
 back, attenuated towards the extremities ; that of the spire is 
 more pointed ; it is composed of seven whirls, the upper six of 
 which are little convex, with very compact longitudinal folds ; 
 that of the aperture generally has folds only upon the side of 
 the left lip. The opposite surface is smooth ; the base of the 
 lowest whirl is crossed by transverse striae. Aperture white, 
 subquadrate, longer than wide. The depth of the cavity is 
 brown. Right lip thick, raised outwardly in the form of a 
 collar, and furnished internally with transverse striae. Left lip 
 is blended with the right in a thick callosity which covers the 
 first two or three whirls ; upon the side of the aperture this 
 callosity is ovate, polished, white, edged with reddish. The 
 color is olive or bluish, marked upon the middle of the lowest 
 whirl, with a transverse white or brown band, the edge of 
 which is of a deeper color. 
 
 Length 10 lines. Width 6 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the seas of the Asiatic Ocean, and the Tsles of 
 Vanikoro and of Bourou. 
 
 Young specimens of this species have the longitudinal folds 
 of the lowest whirl more prominent ; the swelling of the back 
 does not exist upon these young shells ; the lip is thin, and the 
 columella without callosity. 
 
96 
 
 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 98. BUCCINUM GRANIFERUM, NOBIS. The Grain-bearing 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., pi. 972, fig. 27. 
 
 PI. XXVII, fig. 111. 
 
 B. testa parva, ovata, crassa, globulosa, albo-cinerea, basi transversim 
 striata, ordinatim tuberculata ; spira conica, acuta ; apertura ovata, angusta, 
 alba ; labro dextro crasso, inttis striato. 
 
 Shell rather small, ovate, thick, globular, of an ash-white ; 
 spire conical, pointed, composed of six whirls, the lowest 
 much larger than all the others ; this whirl presents on its 
 surface conical, distant tubercles, disposed in four series ; a 
 few transverse striae ornament the base. The upper whirls 
 have only a single row of tubercles. Aperture ovate, narrow, 
 emarginated at the upper part, at its union with the right lip, 
 which is thick, striated internally. Columella arcuated, cover- 
 ing the left lip, which is expanded into a white, thick cal- 
 losity, covering the whole lower surface, and a portion of the 
 upper whirls. 
 
 Length 7 lines. Width 5 lines. 
 Inhabits the East Indies. 
 
 The uniform color of this little shell, and its callosity, easily 
 distinguish it. 
 
 ^r 
 fl ^9. BUCCINUM CL.ATHRATUM, NOBIS. The Latticed Buccinum. 
 
 t -^v , JLJM, %*+ r 19, (Ifl&Jirt 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) Voy. deVAstr., pi. 32, fig. 25-26. 
 
 PI. XXVII, fig. 108. 
 
 B. test& parvula, subglobosa, longitudinaliter plicata, transversim striata, 
 granulosa, fusco-rubente, ad medium ultimi anfractAs fasciata ; spira brevis- 
 sima, acuta ; labro albo, intus striato. 
 
 Shell small, ovate, thick, slightly gibbous; spire short, 
 pointed, composed of six slightly convex whirls, covered with 
 
 
GENUSBUCCINUM. 97 
 
 longitudinal folds and very approximate transverse striae, which 
 form flattened granulations ; the lowest of these whirls is very 
 large. Aperture ovate, emarginated at the upper part, at its 
 union with the right lip, which is rather thin, and striated 
 internally ; columella arcuated, covered by the left lip, which 
 is enlarged into a whitish, wide, and thick callosity, upon the 
 body of the lowest whirl. The color of this shell is of a 
 reddish brown, with one or two transverse bands upon the 
 middle of the lowest whirl. 
 
 Length 7 lines. Width 5 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the China Seas, the coasts of New Ireland, and of 
 Vanikoro. 
 
 This little shell has been described by Quoy and Gaimard, 
 and figured in their Voyage de V Astrolabe, pi. 32, fig. 25 and 
 26, under the name of BUCCINUM globulosum. Having already 
 a BUCCINUM thus named, we have given to this the name of 
 dathratum. Some specimens of this little shell are larger and 
 more elongated ; the gibbosity, nevertheless, exists, and the 
 callosity is reddish, edged with a chestnut-epkyred band. 
 
 . 100. BUCCINUM GIBBOSULUM, LINN., GMEL. The Gibbous 
 SHYM*4j Buccinum. fi 4 f 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., t. 973, fig. 28. 
 
 PI. xxvm, %. He. <* 
 
 B. test^L ovata, crassa, dorso gibba, Isevi, cinereft autolivace& ; spira brevi, 
 acuta ; marginibus oppositis anterius usque ad spiram decurrentibus. 
 
 Shell thick, smooth, ovate, somewhat gibbous upon the 
 back of the lowest whirl, flattened and widened upon the 
 sides ; spire short, acute, formed of five or six whirls ; 
 aperture ovate, smooth and white ; the interior of the cavity 
 brown ; right lip margined without, smooth within, joining 
 towards the top a large polished callosity, by which the colu- 
 mella and inferior surface of the whirls are entirely covered. 
 Buccinum. G 
 
98 GEN US BUCCINUM. 
 
 The color is olive or of a brown fawn-color and ash, sprinkled 
 with spots or clearer undulated lines ; sometimes one or two 
 transverse brown bands surround the lowest whirl. The edge 
 of the callosity is always of a more or less deep orange color. 
 
 Length 8 lines. Width 6 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, upon the shores of Corsica, and 
 the Asiatic seas. 
 
 This shell varies in its form, which is more or less rounded, 
 and in its coloring, which is often uniform, although those are 
 found from the Mediterranean, which are of an ash-gray color ; 
 at other times deeper, and marked with numerous spots, such 
 as in shells brought from the Indian Ocean. It is very common, 
 but in collections is almost always found discolored, and en- 
 tirely white. The EIONE gibbosula of Risso, Europe merid., 
 p. 171, No. 438, fig. 50, is the same as the BUCCINUM gib- 
 bosulum. 
 
 101. BUCCINUM NERITEUM, LINN., GMEL. The JVerita-formed 
 
 Buccinum. ^/^ f, /, ? 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) PETIVER, Amb., pi. 11, fig. 6. 
 
 PI. XXIX, fig. 120. ^ & ft** 
 
 B. testa semi-orbiculari,convexo-depressa, Ifflvi, albido-fulva ; ultimo an- 
 fractu ad peripheriam subangulato ; spira retusissima ; labro dextro leevi; 
 aperture! ovata, rufescente. 
 
 Shell hemispherical, smooth, depressed, convex above, flat- 
 tened beneath ; spire blunt, formed of four indistinct whirls, en- 
 tirely smooth ; aperture ovate, reddish, rather small, obliquely 
 emarginated ; right lip smooth, slightly margined ; columella 
 arcuated towards the middle, furnished with a wide, reddish, 
 and almost circular callosity, which extends upon the body of 
 the lowest whirl. The coloring is slightly variable, it is gen- 
 erally of a yellowish or reddish white, with brown lines, and 
 two decurrent, interrupted, or articulated bands, one of which 
 
G E N U S B U C C 1 N U AI . 99 
 
 surrounds the suture, and the other only borders the circum- 
 ference. Epidermis thick and brown. 
 
 Length 6 lines. Width 4J- lines. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, upon the coasts of France, of 
 Corsica, and of Sicily ; the Adriatic, and the Ocean, towards 
 the gulf of Gascony. 
 
 Risso, in his work on the South of Europe, has described two 
 specimens of this species under the names of CYCLOPE Dono- 
 viana and CYCLOPE pellucidus, p. 271, No. 718 and 719. These 
 appear to be only worn and discolored specimens. 
 
 The principle too often followed for the establishment of 
 groups among shells, has given rise to many errors; these 
 groups, arranged by an examination of the superficial charac- 
 ters of shells, comprise a great number of dissimilar species, be- 
 longing even to other genera ; and species are rejected as dis- 
 tinct, which ought to be united. These characters, such as the 
 color, the folds, the striae, the whirls, run into each other in a 
 manner so insensible, or differ so completely, that it is impossi- 
 ble by them to point out 'the limits between species. 
 
 Thus, in the genus BUCCINUM, which we have just been de- 
 scribing, we see numerous specimens, obviously varying in the 
 longitudinal folds, tubercles, and transverse stria?, which are 
 found upon their surface ; in some, these folds, at first very prom- 
 inent, disappear, and sometimes leave tubercles which shew the 
 vestige of them ; in others the striae are less distinguished. 
 Sometimes the whirls are strongly canaliculated, whilst upon 
 other shells of the same species, the suture is scarcely apparent. 
 
 These variations depend upon differences of sex, of age, or of 
 locality. But the same species invariably presents two charac- 
 ters which are constant, or at least subject to less variation, that 
 of the general form, and the aperture of the shell, which, I think, 
 
100 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 are the only sure guides, for the formation of groups, and their 
 natural approximation. This is the principle which I have 
 adopted, as establishing with most precision, those of the genus 
 I have just described. I have pointed out in my table by a 
 bracket, the species, which I think ought to be united, and 
 form only varieties. 
 
 NOTE. The following American species, not found in Kiener, together 
 with the volumes in which they have been described, are here mentioned, 
 for the convenience of our Conchologists. 
 
 Buccinum ornatum, Say. Described in Journal of the Academy of Na- 
 tural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 2, p. 229. 
 
 Nassa vibex, Say. J. A. N. S., vol. 2, p. 231, and American Conch., 
 No. 6, pi. 57, fig. 2. 
 
 JV. trivittata, Say. J. A. N. S., vol. 2, p. 231 . 
 
 JV. acuta, Say. J. A. N. S., vol. 2, p. 234, and American Conch., No. 
 VI, pi. 57, fig. 3. 
 
 JV. unicincta, Say. J. A. N. S., vol. 5, p. 212, and American Conch., 
 No. VI, pi. 57, fig. 1. 
 
 JV. alba, Say. J. A. N. S., vol. 5, 212. 
 
 JV. lunata, Say. J. A. N. S., vol. 5, 213. 
 
GENUS B U C C I N U M 
 
 101 
 
 DIVISION OF THE BUCCINUM INTO TWO TRIBES AND NINE 
 GROUPS. 
 
 FIRST TRIBE . 
 
 SPECIES GENERALLY VENTRICOSE, SPIRE ELONGATED ; APERTURE 
 OVATE, STRONGLY EMARGINATED AT THE BASE ; OPERCULUM 
 HORNY, UNGUIFORM, WITH CONCENTRIC ELEMENTS, SUMMIT 
 MARGINAL. 
 
 True Buccina. 
 
 ! 
 
 - 
 
 :s 
 
 /^ 
 
 B. undatum, Lin., Gmel. 
 
 ventricosum, Nobis. 
 
 glaciale, Linn., Gmel. 
 
 Lamarckii, Nobis. 
 
 fusiforme, Nobis. 
 
 Anglicanum, Martini. 
 
 fuscatum, Brug. 
 
 papyraceum, Brug. 
 
 ligatum, Lam. 
 
 testudineum, Chemn. 
 
 lineolatum, Quoy et Gaimard. 
 
 globulosum, Nobis. 
 
 Iffivissimum, Gmel. 
 
 violaceum, Quoy et Gaim. 
 
 Delalandii, Nobis. 
 
 viverratum, Nobis. 
 
 tigrinum, Nobis. 
 
 alveolatum, Nobis. 
 
 costatum, Quoy et Gaim. 
 
 Quoyii, Nobis. 
 
 Paytense, Val. 
 
 cochlidium, Chemn. 
 
 moniliferum, Val. 
 
 callosum, Wood. 
 
 annulatum, Lam. 
 
 The waved Buccinum. 
 
 ventricose 
 
 northern 
 Lamarck's 
 
 The spindle-shaped 
 
 English 
 
 dusky 
 
 paper 
 
 bound 
 
 tortoise-shell 
 
 lineated 
 
 globular 
 
 smooth 
 
 violet 
 Delalande's 
 The civet 
 
 tiger 
 
 chequered 
 
 ribbed 
 Quoy's 
 The Payta 
 
 stair-case 
 
 collared 
 
 callous 
 
 ringed 
 
 
 K^ 
 
102 
 
 GENUS BUCCINUM 
 
 SPECIES VERY ELONGATE, WHIRLS SLIGHTLY CONVEX. 
 
 Turreted Buccina. 
 
 \ & B. serratum, Dufresne. The serrated Buccinum. 
 
 achatinum, Lam. agate 
 
 politum, Lara. polished 
 
 1 ^ vittatum, Linn., Gmel. granulated 
 
 Bellangeri, Nobis. Bellanger's 
 
 aciculatum, Lam. The needle-shaped 
 1 y senticosum, Linn. file 
 
 SPECIES OVATE, SLIGHTLY ELONGATE ; APERTURE SOMEWHAT 
 CANALICULATED AT THE BASE. 
 
 Triton-formed Buccina. 
 
 B. Tranquebaricum, Gmel. The Tranquebar Buccinum. 
 
 Coromandelianum. Lam. Coromandel 
 ^ undosum, (fruegfr'at Grrim.-i'u undulated 
 
 J D'Orbignyi, Payr. D'Orbigny's 
 
 . C discolor, Quoy et Gaim. The discolored 
 
 SPECIES OVATE, SPIRE SHORT ] APERTURE ELONGATED. 
 
 Harp-formed Buccina. 
 
 B. lyratum, Lam. The lyre-shaped Buccinum. 
 
 SPECIES WITH THE RIGHT LIP SOMETIMES SWOLLEN INTERNALLY. 
 
 Columbella-formed Buccina. 
 
 B. distortum, Wood. The distorted Buccinum. 
 
 flexuosum, Lam. flexuous 
 
 cribrarium, Lam. sieve 
 
 semi-convexum, Lam. semi-convex 
 
 Gervillii, Payr. Gerville's 
 
 corniculatum, Lam. The horn-like 
 
 4#, clausiliforme, Nobis. clausilia-shaped 
 
 // tf . aurantium, Lam. orange 
 
 pulchellum, Blainv. pretty 
 lacteum, Nobis. milky 
 
 dermestofdeum, Lam. dermestoid 
 
 granum, Lam. grain 
 
 leevrigatum, Linn., Gmel. variegated 
 
GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 103 
 
 SECOND TRIBE. 
 
 SPECIES WITH THE APERTURE SUBROTUND, OPERCULUM DENTICU- 
 LATED UPON ONE OF ITS EDGES. 
 
 .1 
 
 
 Nassa-formed Buccina. 
 
 ^ 
 
 B. glans, Linn., Gmel. 
 
 suturale, Lam. 
 
 elegans, Nobis. 
 
 sepimentum, Rang. 
 
 papillosum, Linn. 
 
 canaliculatum, Lam. 
 
 unicolorum, Nobis. 
 
 olivaceum, Brug. 
 
 crenulatum, Brug. 
 
 fasciatum, Lam. 
 
 reticulatum, Linn., Gmel. 
 
 hirtum, Nobis. 
 
 Jacksonianum, Nobis. 
 
 monile, Nobis. 
 
 Gualterianum, Nobis. 
 
 Blainvillii, Desh. 
 
 oliviformis, Nobis. 
 
 Brasilianum, Lam. 
 
 Gayii, Nobis. 
 
 pediculare, Lam. 
 
 sulcatum, Nobis. 
 
 punctatum, Nobis. 
 
 fasciolatum, Lam. 
 
 unifasciatum, Nobis. 
 
 Cuvierii, Payr. 
 
 The shining Buccinum, 
 
 sutured 
 
 elegant 
 
 partitioned 
 
 tuberculated 
 
 channeled 
 
 single-colored 
 
 olive-colored 
 
 crenated 
 
 banded 
 
 reticulated 
 
 rough 
 
 Port Jackson 
 
 necklace 
 Gualtieri's 
 Blainville's 
 
 The olive-formed 
 
 Brazil 
 Gay's 
 
 The pedicular 
 
 furrowed 
 
 dotted 
 
 belted 
 
 one-banded 
 Cuvier's 
 
 SPECIES SUBTURRETED J THE WHIRLS VERY CONVEX. 
 
 Scalaria-formed Nassce. 
 
 B. 
 
 - 
 ^, ?f 
 
 >&dc 
 \ 
 
 scalariforme, Val. 
 Roissyi, Desh. 
 ornatum, Nobis. 
 Ascanias, Brug. 
 coccinella, Lam. 
 miga, Adanson. 
 ambiguum, Montagu. 
 
 The stair-formed Buccinum. 
 De Roissy's 
 The ornamented 
 Ascanias 
 The lady-bug 
 
 miga 
 
 ambiguous 
 
104 
 
 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 
 SPECIES WITH THE APERTURE ROUNDED, AND A VERY PROMINENT 
 CALLOSITY. 
 
 Cassis-formed Nassa. 
 
 B. gemmulatum, Lam. The pearled Buccinum. 
 
 abbreviatum, Wood. tun 
 
 retusum, Lam. blunt 
 
 mutabile, Linn., Gmel. girdled 
 
 ruf ulum, Nobis. reddish 
 
 pauperatum, Lam. meagre 
 
 marginulatum, Lam. margined 
 
 polygonatum, Lam. polygon 
 
 muricatum, Quoy et Gaim. spinous 
 
 subspinosum, Lam. subspinous 
 
 arcularia. Linn., Gmel. casket 
 
 pullus, Linn., Gmel. russet 
 
 coronatum, Brug. crowned 
 
 Thersites, Brug. - Thersites 
 
 graniferum, Nobis. grain-bearing 
 
 clathratum, Nobis. latticed 
 
 gibbosulum, Linn., Gmel. gibbous 
 
 ANOMALOUS SPECIES, SEMI-ORBICULAR, DEPRESSED. 
 
 Cyclops-formed Nassce. 
 B. neritotdeum, Linn., Gmel. The nerita-formed Buccinum. 
 
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GENUS DOLIUM, LAMARCK. 
 
 THE TUN. 
 
 Shell thin, ventricose, inflated, generally globular, rarely 
 oblong, encircled with ribs ; spire short ; right lip crenulated, 
 and sometimes denticulated throughout its whole length ; aper- 
 ture oblong, very large, emarginated inferiorly ; columella chan- 
 neled ; no operculum. 
 
 Testa tenuis, ventricosa, inflata, ssepius subglobosa, raro oblonga, trans- 
 versim cingulata. Spira brevis. Labrum per totam longitudinem denta- 
 tura vel crenatum. Apertura oblonga, amplissima, basi emarginata. Oper- 
 culum nullum. 
 
 Animal very large, so as scarcely to be contained within its 
 shell ; the head is broad, swollen before, supporting two long, 
 slender, obtuse, distant tentaculae, dilated towards the base, 
 where the eyes are situated. The mouth is large, muscular, 
 strong and retractile. The respiratory tube is pretty stout ; its 
 cavity is capacious, entirely open, provided with two branchiae 
 placed on the left side, the larger of which, describes a pretty 
 large semicircle. The trunk is cylindrical, very much devel- 
 oped, flexible, capable of being turned in every direction at the 
 will of the animal, and of elongating itself in a remarkable 
 manner ; it is furnished internally with several rows of hooks. 
 The foot is ovate, large, fleshy, bordering all parts of the shell ; 
 it is rounded, widened, lobed and dilated before, with a hori- 
 zontal furrow. The posterior extremity has no trace of an 
 
 Dolium. A 
 
2 GENUSDOLIUM. 
 
 operculum. The generative organ of the male is very retrac- 
 tile, as in the BUCCINUM. 
 
 Almost all the species which form the genius DOLIUM were 
 considered by the old conchologists, and particularly by Lin- 
 naeus, as Buccina, on account of the general relations by which 
 these shells are allied. This author brought together those 
 which we are now describing, so as to form a small separate 
 group, which he placed at the head of his great genus, BUCCI- 
 NUM, placing those of the genus CASSIS immediately after them. 
 Before him, however, d'Argenville, by observing the identical 
 form of these shells and their marked distinction from those 
 species with which they had been confounded, first thought of 
 separating them, and distinguished them by the name of DOLIUM. 
 But it was Lamarck who clearly settled the bounds of this sepa- 
 ration, and presented to conchologists the precise formation of 
 the genus, ever since established in science. Indeed, the shells 
 which it contains have so peculiar a form, that it would be diffi- 
 cult to mistake them. 
 
 The genus DOLIUM comprehends a small number of species, 
 some of which attain so remarkable a growth, that they are 
 sometimes as large as a man's head. In fact the general ap- 
 pearance of the shell, of an inflated, thick-set form, calls up the 
 image of a tun, whence is derived its generic name. Thus, the 
 characters which make up these species are a form more or less 
 inflated, girdled, and very globular ; the spire being much shorter 
 than the lower whirl, causes the size of the aperture, which 
 almost always occupies two thirds of the length of the shell. 
 
 Denys de Montfort, in his Conchyliologie Systematique, has 
 divided the Tuns into two groups ; he comprised in the first the 
 umbilicated species, which he called PERDIX ; the second in- 
 cluded the DOLIUM, properly so called, that is to say, the non- 
 umbilicated species. This distinction, which is merely appa- 
 rent, is produced by the development of the left lip; for the um- 
 bilicus always exists, although more or less distinct. Cuvier, 
 in his Animal Kingdom, retained the two divisions of Montfort ; 
 but, according to his system, he still makes the DOLIUM one of 
 the numerous sub-genera of BUCCINUM, thus bringing them back 
 
GENUS DOLIUM. 3 
 
 to the state in which Linnaeus had left them : he places them 
 between HARPA and BUCCINUM. De Blainville has arranged 
 them in his family Entomostomata, between HARPA and CASSI- 
 DARIA. This writer divides them into three sections : first, 
 species having an ovate form, spire pretty prominent, right lip 
 always thin, such as the DOLIUM perdix and rufum (I consider 
 this last species only as a variety of the perdix, or as an injured 
 specimen) ; second, those with a short spire, more ovate and 
 more globular, of which the galea and olearium, present exam- 
 ples; third, the Cassis-formed tuns, always oval, more or less 
 globular, with very distant ribs, the right lip bordered, and the 
 columella twisted at its extremity, such as the DOLIUM macula- 
 turn^ fasciatum, variegatum and pomum. 
 
 Latreille, in his work, Families Naturelles, fyc., includes the 
 Tuns, the Harps, and several other genera in a single family of 
 his order Gasteropoda, to which he gives the name of Dolium- 
 formed. I agree, in some respects, with the opinion of this 
 writer, that the approximation which he makes of the Harps and 
 the Tuns appears natural, and founded upon a very important 
 character, that of the absence of the operculum in both genera. 
 But, I think that they should form not one family, but a separate 
 division, and therefore I shall class them among the Purpurifera, 
 of which they should certainly make a part, on account of their 
 affinity to all the other genera comprised in this family. I retain 
 for my division the term Dolium-formed, because I separate from 
 the family of the same name, the genera MONOCEROS, CONCHO- 
 LEPAS, and PURPURA, which I refer to the Buccinoidea of the 
 same author. 
 
 With regard to the divisions which De Blainville has establish- 
 ed in the genus which I am examining, I think they are founded 
 upon characters too variable and too superficial for me possibly 
 to adopt. I have replaced them by the two groups of which I 
 have spoken, and which I thus characterize : the first, with the 
 right lip always thin, and undulated ; the second, with the right 
 lip more or less thickened by the margin, and pretty strongly 
 denticulated. I have thought that a shell which Valenciennes 
 had determined under the generic name of MALEA, (Recueil 
 ff Observations de Zoologie, Humb. et Bonpland, p. 325), ought 
 
GENUS DOLIUM. 
 
 to be connected with my second group ; and which, uniting all 
 the characters observed in the Tuns, ought naturally to take its 
 place among them, under the name of DOLIUM latilabre. In 
 the same work this author gives, under the name of MALEA 
 crassilabris, a shell which I consider as a variety of the first ; 
 the only differences which this author himself has found, consist 
 in the smallness of the shell, in the spire, which is a little more 
 prominent, and in the thickness of the right lip, characters 
 which appear to me too little specific, and too variable to deter- 
 mine its separation as a species. We shall find also in this 
 series the DOLIUM pomum, which approaches exceedingly to 
 the DOLIUM latilabre in the form of its aperture, in the ridges 
 which exist upon the columella, and particularly in the right lip 
 which is widened, and has, internally, folds, or very strongly 
 prominent denticulations. 
 
 The animals of the Tuns are in general strongly colored, and 
 painted with different tints which form bands and spottings upon 
 their entire exterior. These animals are often found in rapid 
 waters, and upon pebbly bottoms ; their motions are quick. The 
 species seen upon our coasts appear towards spring, and in 
 summer : the other species inhabit warm climates. 
 
 A. Species with the right lip always thin and undulated. 
 
 1. DOLIUM PERDIX, LAM. The Partridge Tun. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., t. 984, fig. 43. 
 
 PI. V, fig. 9. 
 
 D. testa ovato-oblonga, inflata, tenui, fulvo-rufescente, maculis albis 
 lunatisque seriatim notata ; costis convexiusculis, confertis ; spir& exserti- 
 uscula, conica. 
 
 Shell ovate-oblong, ventricose, pretty thin, of a reddish 
 brown color, pleasingly varied with white spots in transverse 
 series, for the most part semi-lunar, and more or less distant ; 
 spire slightly projecting, conical, pointed, composed of from 
 five to six whirls which are furnished with numerous ribs, 
 
GENUS DOLIUM. 5 
 
 often widened, feebly convex, and separated by furrows hardly 
 apparent ; suture very distinct, slightly channeled towards the 
 last whirl. The aperture is large, subovate, marked by 
 transverse, slightly projecting bands, which correspond to the 
 furrows of the exterior. The interior of this cavity is of 
 a fawn color. The right lip is thin, everted, a little undu- 
 lated, and adorned with a white band the whole length of 
 its interior, with the exception of the edge, which is of a 
 deep brown. The left lip is spread out over the body of the 
 shell ; it is very thin, transparent, and terminated below by 
 a projecting plate which covers the umbilicus, and seems also 
 to form a part of it. The columella is smooth, polished, 
 and forms at the left of the umbilicus a thick rib, marked 
 by transverse striae, which terminates at the emargination of 
 the base. 
 
 Length 5 inches. Width 3 inches. 
 
 Inhabits the Channel, the Mediterranean, the equatorial 
 seas, the seas of India, of Africa, and of America. 
 
 This shell is remarkable on account of its form, being gen- 
 erally more elongated than that of other species, and particularly 
 by its coloring, which makes the transverse ribs to appear as if 
 enameled with small white spots, for the most part curved in the 
 form of a crescent. 
 
 The mollusk of this shell inhabits rapid waters, and appears 
 pretty quick in its movements. The ground of its color is a 
 bluish white, covered with irregular spots of a red brown, bor- 
 dering upon the violet. The foot is colored in the same man- 
 ner beneath, but above, it is furrowed with wide triangular 
 radiating bands. The tentacular are doubly ringed with brown. 
 
GENUS D O L I U M . 
 
 2. DOLIUM OLEARIUM, LAM. The Onion-Peel Tun. 
 
 I 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) HUMPH., Mus., t. 27, fig. D. 
 Pi. I, % l.6.*< 
 
 D. testd ovato-globosA, ventricosA, tenui, fulvo-rufescente; costis latis, 
 complanatis, sulco impresso separatis ; anfractibus prope sutures canalicu- 
 latis. 
 
 Shell pretty large, ovate-globose, ventricose, thin ; spire 
 conical, formed of six convex, very distinct whirls, loaded 
 externally with wide, flat, slightly raised ribs, separated by 
 narrow and superficial furrows. The whirls of the spire are 
 isolated by a deep channeled suture. The lower whirl round- 
 ed and very ventricose. The aperture is large, subovate, 
 colored interiorly with reddish, and marked with transverse 
 ribs corresponding to the furrows without. The right lip is 
 dilated, undulated, tinged with black, or a deep brown upon 
 the edge. The left lip is whitish, spread out in a very thin 
 plate upon the belly of the lowest whirl. The columella is 
 similar to that of the preceding species. The external surface 
 of this shell is of an uniform reddish fawn color ; nevertheless 
 the ribs are varied with wide spots or irregular brown and 
 white blotches which are very remarkable. 
 
 Length 5 inches. Width 4 inches. 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean, and the Antilles. 
 
 This species, very common in collections, is almost diapha- 
 nous when young ; at that time the transverse ribs of the sur- 
 face are only indicated by lines of a slightly deeper tint. The 
 Latin name which has been given it, is derived from the use to 
 which it is subservient in some countries : it serves as an oil- 
 dipper. 
 
 The animal is of a clear brownish red, without spots, and its 
 tentacular are encircled, towards the point, with a wide reddish- 
 brown ring. The foot beneath is of a dark violet, with the edge 
 embroidered with deep brown. 
 
GENUS DOLIUM. 
 
 3. DOLIUM GALE A, LAM. The Fluted Tun. 
 
 w.{M;JWt 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., t. 898, fig. 18. 
 
 P1 .n, fig . 2 . 3 ,+ t 
 
 D. test& maximft, ovato-globosa, ventricosissim&, umbilicata, tenui, 
 albido-fulva ; costis convexis, anterius alternis ruinoribus ; anfractibus prop& 
 suturas incurvato-excavatis, canaliculatis. 
 
 Shell often very large, ovate-globose, pretty light, very 
 ventricose, ridged transversely with numerous convex ribs, al- 
 ternated by other smaller ribs, which only appear upon the 
 two upper thirds ; the furrows which separate them are very 
 distinct. Suture channeled ; spire slightly raised, formed of 
 six rounded convex whirls ; the lower one forms, of itself, 
 almost the whole of the shell. The aperture, very large, 
 of a clear fawn color within, exhibits smooth tran verse ribs, 
 the first seven or eight of which, are united two and two. 
 The right lip is white, terminated by a festooned dilatation, 
 and sometimes excavated by a shallow canal. The left lip, 
 when apparent, consists only of a scale-like leaf. The colu- 
 mella is twisted, and elongated spirally ; it is projecting, mark- 
 ed externally with five or six longitudinal ribs, and continued 
 to the emargination. The whole surface of the shell is of a 
 pale fawn-color, intermingled, upon some specimens, with 
 light brown or chestnut tints. Epidermis very thin and 
 brown. 
 
 Length 6 inches. Width 4 inches. 
 
 Inhabits the Mediterranean, about the coasts of France, 
 and of Corsica ; and the Adriatic. 
 
 It is this species particularly, among the Tuns, which acquires 
 such magnitude, that specimens have been quoted of the size of 
 a man's head. It is found in calcareous, and sometimes on 
 slightly muddy bottoms. It is generally observed upon coasts, 
 like the preceding, at the approach of spring or of summer. 
 
g GENUSDOLIUM. 
 
 4. DOLIUM MACUL.ATUM, LAM. The Speckled Tun. 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., t. 899, fig. 19. 
 Pi. Ill, fig. 4. / 
 
 D. testi ovato-globosd, ventricoso-inflata, tenui, griseola; costis con- 
 vexis, distantibus, fulvo aut rufo maculatis; interstitiis stria prominula 
 divisis. 
 
 Shell ovate-globose, ventricose, thin ; spire generally short, 
 composed of six whirls, slightly flattened above; the last, 
 very large and very convex. All these whirls are encircled 
 by wide and distant ribs, slightly convex, ten in number 
 upon the last whirl; others, more narrow, are placed alter- 
 nately within the furrows, which are wide and very slightly 
 striated. The surface of this shell is of a white color, slightly 
 grayish, and sometimes rose-colored ; ornamented upon the 
 ribs, with alternate white and red spots, often also orange, 
 which, disposed thus in regular series, present a beautiful 
 appearance. The aperture is very large, colored within of a 
 chestnut tint. The right lip is thin, notched, canaliculated 
 within, and its edge is white and undulated. The left lip 
 is only slightly perceptible towards the base, where it forms 
 a part of the umbilicus, which is hardly developed. The 
 columella is twisted spirally, and furnished externally, even to 
 the emargination of the base, with longitudinal ribs. 
 
 Length 5 inches. Width 3 inches. 
 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean, the coasts of Coromandel, of 
 Ceylon, and the western coast of Africa. 
 
 The common name of this species, is the Tun; it is very 
 large. Its ribs, wide and distant, its furrows equally wide, ren- 
 der it easily distinguishable. 
 
GENUS DOLIUM. 
 
 5. DOLIUM VARIEGATUM, LAM. The Variegated fun. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) ' . f 
 
 -x .. j,*Ww ^1 
 
 PI. II, fig. 3 et 3 a, young. = 
 
 D. testA ovato-globosa, ventricosft, umbilicata, tenui, albo et rufo varie- 
 gatd; costis convexis, confertis, aliis albis rufo-maculatis, aliis rufis; spira 
 brevi. 
 
 Shell ovate-globose, ventricose, thin ; spire composed of 
 six convex whirls, slightly separated by a shallow suture, and 
 loaded with transverse rounded ribs, which are very approxi- 
 mate. The lower whirl composes, itself, almost the whole of 
 the shell ; twenty to twenty-six transverse ribs may be count- 
 ed upon its surface, among which, in old specimens, are found 
 other smaller ones which are alternately disposed between 
 the first, towards the most elevated part. All the ribs are 
 separated by furrows which are not throughout of the same 
 size. The aperture is wide, large and ovate ; its lips are 
 white, and the interior reddish. The right lip, terminated by 
 a scolloped dilatation, is traversed by a canal of no great 
 depth. The left lip is white, thin, applied to the body of 
 the lower whirl, and forms a part of the umbilicus. The 
 columella is twisted spirally. The coloring of the exterior 
 is whitish, varied with red, and covered, upon the transverse 
 ribs, with irregular spots which sometimes form longitudinal 
 or zigzag bands of a deeper color. The epidermis is thin 
 and reddish. 
 
 Length 4 inches. Width 3 inches. 
 
 Inhabits the Indian Seas, the Isle of France, the shores of 
 Ceylon, and of New Holland. 
 
 This species is somewhat allied to the DOLIUM maculatum, 
 but its small chords or ribs, very approximate to each other, dis- 
 tinguish it materially from this last shell. Upon some specimens 
 are observed ribs which have no other tint of coloring than the 
 ground of the shell. Young specimens are diaphanous and 
 slightly colored by spots. 
 
 ..... 
 
 7 
 
 , 
 
GENUS DOLIUM. 
 
 B. Species ivith the right lip more or less thickened into a 
 margin, and pretty strongly denticulated. 
 
 6. DOLIUM FASCIATUM, LAM. The Banded Tun. 
 
 > ' h 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) SEBA, Mus. 3, t. 68, fig. 17. 
 
 PI. Ill, fig. 5; et'Pl. IV, fig. G, var. 
 
 .' 
 
 D. testa ovato-ventricosa, tenuiuscula, alba, fasciis quatuor fulvo-rufis 
 versus labrum evanidis cincta ; costis convexo-planis, plerisque confertia, 
 supremis remotiusculis ; l.abro intus dentate, extus marginato. 
 
 Shell ovate, ventricose, thin, whitish, with four or five dis- 
 tinct bands of a reddish fawn-color, rarely continued to the 
 right lip ; there is only one upon the two whirls next above 
 the lowest. The spire is brown at top, and is formed of six 
 convex whirls, encircled by projecting, pretty narrow, equal, 
 approximate, flattened ribs, a little more distant towards the 
 upper part ; they are separated by shallow furrows. Two of 
 the upper whirls are chequered as it were by intersections of 
 striae. Suture a little flattened, and slightly channeled. The 
 aperture is ovate, white, colored with red at the bottom. The 
 right lip is arcuated, and presents externally a projecting mar- 
 gin, which is crenulated outwardly by the jutting of the ribs, 
 undulated externally, and dentated within. The columella is 
 twisted ; and upon some specimens are observed several cre- 
 nulations towards the base of the left lip which partially covers 
 the umbilicus. The epidermis is thin and reddish. 
 
 Length 5 inches. Width 4 inches. 
 Inhabits the East Indian Seas. 
 
 This shell is very distinct from the preceding in the form of 
 the righjt lip, which is thickened and denticulated, and in the 
 distribution of the transverse fawn-colored bands which suddenly 
 stop within a third of the breadth of the shell without reaching 
 the edge. Some specimens of the same species, which appear 
 
GENUS DOLIUM. JJ 
 
 to belong to females, are more ventricose ; the right lip is less 
 thickened, the teeth situated within are less apparent, whilst, 
 on the contrary, those which are found upon the edge, are very 
 distinctly seen, particularly towards the base. 
 
 A variety of this species, which we have represented, pi. IV, 
 fig. 6, does not exhibit teeth at the inner edge of the right lip, 
 nor brown bands upon the convexity of the whirls. The trans- 
 verse ribs are also more distant in this specimen, particularly 
 towards the upper part of the two lower whirls, which is caused 
 by the almost total disappearance of the second rib at that part, 
 which leaves only a slight indication of coloring. 
 
 7. DOLIUM POMUM, LAM. The Helmet-formed Tun. 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., pi. 792, fig. 45. 
 
 Pi. V, fig. 8. 
 
 D. test& ovato-inflata, crassiuscula, alba, luteo-maculata ; costis convex- 
 iusculis, latis, confertis ; spira brevi ; apertura coarctata, utrinque dentata ; 
 labro crasso, exttis marginato. 
 
 Shell ovate, inflated, somewhat thick, of a whitish color, 
 varied and spotted with square spots, of a yellow more or less 
 reddish, alternating upon the transverse ribs, with other spots 
 of a dull white ; spire short, composed of six convex whirls, 
 slightly flattened above, banded with ribs equally convex, 
 wide, not distant, and divided by narrow, shallow furrows. 
 The aperture is somewhat narrow, toothed upon both edges, 
 colored yellow within. The right lip, dilated, particularly 
 towards the base, forms externally a very thick convex mar- 
 gin, the external part of which is sharp, undulated, and its in- 
 ternal surface furnished with ten or twelve transverse, distant 
 teeth, resembling folds. The left lip consists of a smooth 
 plate, convex and white, which partially covers the body of 
 the shell. The columella presents a pretty deep emargina- 
 tion, above which are observed several transverse thick folds, 
 and some others, less numerous, more oblique, and less dis- 
 tinctly marked. 
 
 t ' 
 
 / i 
 
, 
 
 12 GENUS DOLIUM. 
 
 Length 3 inches. Width 2 inches. 
 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean, towards the coasts of Ceylon, 
 and the Antilles. 
 
 This shell, like the following, appears removed from the pre- 
 ceding species by the contraction of its aperture, and particu- 
 larly by the transverse folds with which the columella is pro- 
 vided ; but these very differences appear to indicate the two as 
 proper to form the transition from the DOLIUM to the CASSIS, 
 which they approach, not having their abruptly raised canal, 
 whilst they, at the same time, in all other respects, are allied to 
 the Tuns. 
 
 The animal, which has been examined by Quoy and Gaimard, 
 presents the peculiarities of development which we have point- 
 ed out in our type species ; only the foot is neither dilated, nor 
 auriculated before. The color of this mollusk is of a beautiful 
 white, marked upon its circumference with triangular flames 
 of a violet brown ; the tentaculae are long, slender and pointed, 
 spotted with brown, in the form of triple rings ; the trunk is 
 white, the tube very long, pointed with brown and violet at its 
 extremity. 
 
 8. DOLIUM LATLLABRE, NOBIS. The Broad Lipped Tun. 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) WOOD. Ind. Test., suppl. pi. 4, fig. 1. 
 
 PI. IV, %. 1. 
 
 D. testa, ovato-globosa, crassiuscula, albida, longitudiualiter striata; 
 costis latis, cornplanatis, sulco impresso separatis ; labro dextro arcuato, 
 dilatato, reflexo, dentibus, sulciformibus remotis; columella duobus tuber- 
 culis sulcatis, sulco impresso separatis, ornata. 
 
 Shell ovate-globose, ventricose, pretty thick ; spire point- 
 ed, formed of six whirls, the upper of which are slightly con- 
 vex, but little developed, having three or four transverse striae, 
 very apparent, and spotted with brown blotches ; the lower 
 whirl is very much inflated, completely surrounded by from 
 fifteen to twenty equal ribs, depressed, but slightly rounded ; 
 
 * fj. 
 
GENUS DOLIUM. J3 
 
 these ribs are separated from each other by a shallow furrow, 
 which becomes wider between the first two or three upper 
 ribs, by the disappearance of the intermediate ribs. The lon- 
 gitudinal stria3 of growth are numerous, very fine, and slightly 
 apparent. The aperture is narrow, for it is much contracted 
 by two protuberances situated upon the two lower thirds of 
 the colurnella. The right lip is arched, flattened, widened 
 within, having a wide longitudinal ridge outside of it ; it has, 
 on the inside, the whole length, from sixteen to eighteen 
 ridges, or very strongly prominent teeth. The edge is un- 
 dulated and denticulated. The left lip is thin, diaphanous, 
 spreading upon the body of the shell, to which it adheres, 
 except towards the base, where it becomes free and thicker. 
 The columella is twisted, and presents a very deep emargina- 
 tion, above which is seen a wide, thick, furrowed tubercle, 
 which appears as if suspended over this hollow ; another 
 tubercle projects near the base, separated from the first by 
 the cavity just spoken of ; it is furnished with wrinkles and 
 numerous furrows of a brilliant white, which imperceptibly 
 diminish in size at the base, and above the emargination, 
 which is turned out like a gutter, and perfectly smooth. The 
 color of this shell is whitish, slightly blended with a dull 
 yellow. The interior is red. The epidermis is thin and 
 yellowish. 
 
 Length 5 inches. Width 4 inches. 
 
 Inhabits the South Sea, the Pacific Ocean, the coast of 
 Mexico, at Acapulco. 
 
 This shell, which becomes often very large, and which is still 
 quite rare in collections, is that which Valenciennes has de- 
 scribed under the name of MALEA latilabris (Recueil cF Obser- 
 vations de Zoologie, Humb. et Bonpl. p. 325). It is exceedingly 
 remarkable for the development of the right lip, which is wide 
 and provided with strong teeth throughout its whole length. 
 The form and the situation of the two tubercles which pro- 
 ject from the columella are also very singular, and concur to 
 
14 GENUSDOLIUM. 
 
 render the aperture of the shell narrower than in the preceding 
 species. I think that the MALEA crassilabris of the same au- 
 thor, described also in the same work, is only a variety of the 
 shell in question. It evidently presents all its characters, ex- 
 cepting some slight distinctions of little importance : it is a little 
 smaller ; the spire is a little more developed, and the right lip 
 thicker. 
 
 DIVISION OF THE TUNS INTO TWO GROUPS. 
 A. Species ivith the right lip always thin and undulated. 
 
 D. perdix, Lam. The partridge tun. 
 
 olearium, Lam. onion-peel tun. 
 
 galea, Lam. fluted tun. 
 
 maculatum, Lam. speckled tun. 
 
 variegatum, Lam. variegated tun, 
 
 B. Species with the right lip more or less widened by the 
 margin, and pretty strongly denticulated. 
 
 D. fasciatum, Lam. The banded tun. 
 
 pomum, Lam. helmet-formed tun. 
 
 latilabre, Nobis. broad lipped tun. 
 
.4<M4* 
 
 < A M M . , ' ; ,> /', ; , , , ,1 . r </ , & 
 
 ' 
 
 . ( ' fa 
 
 J> , fc/,y o-(i "< / M /, ( Mi , , A 
 
 ^7 /'< (<< vl < ^ /<'"' ' ' ' /r " ' ' 
 
 / / 
 
 A' ^ ^, / /- < - 
 
 { 
 
 Oi)- 
 
 
 / ^ 
 
 :- , '' /'-y/. / -/ . 
 
 / V ' ,,,/ 
 
 '- i 
 
 ^^ 
 

- 
 
 GENUS HARPA, LAMARCK. 
 
 THE HARP. 
 
 Shell ovate-oblong, more or less inflated, generally pretty 
 thin, enamelled, provided with parallel, longitudinal, inclined 
 and acute ribs ; the last whirl much larger than all the others 
 together ; spire slightly elevated ; aperture large, oval, dilated, 
 strongly emarginated inferiorly, and without canal ; right lip 
 bordered by the last rib; columella smooth, simple, nearly 
 straight, pointed at the base. 
 
 Testa ovato-oblonga, pltis miniisve ventricosa ; costis longitudinalibus 
 parallelis, compressis, inclinatis, acutis ; spira brevis. Apertura longitudi- 
 nalis, inferne emarginata ; canali nullo. Columella laevis, basi plana et 
 acuta. 
 
 Animal having a flattened head, which supports a pair of 
 pretty long, thick, and conical tentaculae, with a small protu- 
 berance at their base, internally, where the eyes are situated. 
 Mouth simple, surrounded by a muscular margin, and furnish- 
 ed with a small, slender and pointed trunk. The organ of 
 excitement elongated, cylindrical, situated on the right side. 
 Locomotive organ very large, very broad at the anterior part, 
 which is ear-shaped, and distinguished by a deep emargina- 
 tion upon each side ; the posterior extremity caducous, and 
 destitute of an operculum. 
 
 This genus, instituted by Lamarck, was included by Linnaeus 
 in his BUCCTNUM, already so numerous. It contains but few 
 Harpa. A 
 
CJ GENUS HARPA. 
 
 species, and the shells are of a very agreeable and elegant 
 figure, adorned with beautiful colors, varying in their distribu- 
 tion, and are particularly remarkable for the oblique ribs, whose 
 arrangement has probably contributed to the establishment of 
 the generic name. Linnaeus, and the authors who had preceded 
 him, blending in one group, species, which a more careful in- 
 vestigation has since divided, gave them the name of BUCCINUM 
 liarpa; nevertheless, the Harps have a peculiar appearance, 
 which makes them very different from other genera. Lamarck, 
 after examining the characteristics of these shells, forthwith 
 separated them from the BUCCINA, to arrange them in his family 
 Purpuriferae, between the DOLIUM and CASSIS ; and this classifi- 
 cation has been generally observed by authors who have suc- 
 ceeded him, throughout the methodical arrangements which 
 they have successively proposed. Cuvier, in his Regne Ani- 
 male, placed this genus between the Tuns and Purpurae, in his 
 family of the Buccina. De Blainville, in his Malacologie, in- 
 cluded it (between BUCCINUM and DOLIUM) in his third group, 
 which contains the ampullaceous shells, and makes part of his 
 second family Entomostomata. 
 
 So that these writers, and those who have followed them, 
 retain for the Harps very nearly the situation which Lamarck 
 had assigned them. Lately, a knowledge of the animal has only 
 confirmed the truth of those observations, which the study of the 
 shell had suggested to him. 
 
 M. Reynaud, surgeon-major of the corvette La Chevrette, upon 
 his return from a voyage round the world, first published in the 
 fifth volume of the Memoires de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle, 
 the anatomy of the animal, and its different peculiarities. But 
 we are particularly indebted to the learned observations of Quoy 
 and Gaimard for a more perfect knowledge of its organization, 
 and of all its anatomical parts, which have been figured in the 
 Atlas of the Voyage de I' Astrolabe, pi. 42. 
 
 The external form of the animal of the HARPA greatly resem- 
 bles that of the DOLIUM and the neighboring genera, in the con- 
 formation of the head and that of the tentaculae ; but it appears 
 to be separated somewhat from the BUCCINUM by its digestive 
 organs, although the diffeiences which are observed between 
 
GENUS HARP A . 3 
 
 these two genera are inconsiderable; they consist in the ex- 
 tremity of the trunk, which, in the animal of the Harps, is desti- 
 tute of lips bristling with spines, and in the conformation of the 
 stomach, which is less developed than that of the BUCCINUM. 
 
 The fleshy part of this mollusk is very strong, and yery 
 large; its foot is enormous, thick, and extended considerably 
 out of the shell ; it cannot be wholly contained within the aper- 
 ture, before which, by contracting itself, it forms a margin, 
 as has been already pointed out by Born (Musceum C&saris 
 Vindobonensis, pi. 254). 
 
 This author seems to have known the particular circumstance 
 of the rent of the foot. The foot is as if divided into two por- 
 tions. The anterior broader, arcuated, ear-shaped, with a mar- 
 ginal furrow, and joined to the posterior part by a kind of neck. 
 This latter, more extended, is somewhat oval, pointed, and 
 slightly inflated above, without any appearance of operculum. 
 The three authors who have described this animal, point out a 
 singular peculiarity in it : when it is violently disturbed, it breaks 
 off the posterior extremity of its foot, in order to withdraw itself 
 more completely within its shell. It is supposed that this part 
 has the power of reproducing itself after the rupture. 
 
 All the external parts of the animal are strongly colored with 
 spots and plates of a brownish red, intermingled with other yel- 
 lowish spots. The middle portion is frequently crossed by a 
 brown band. 
 
 The respiratory tube is long, rather large, continued to and 
 terminating in a large pulmonary cavity, the use of which is to 
 assist respiration. Upon one side of this cavity are two pecti- 
 nated branchiae, one large, and the other small ; upon the oppo- 
 site side are situated, in female specimens, the rectum and the 
 uterus ; and in the male a deferential canal and a penis. On 
 this same side are fixed, at the upper part of the cavity, the mu- 
 cous follicles, composed of seven or eight transverse plates. 
 The tongue is small, slender, pointed, fleshy, without any trace 
 of a ribbon of horn ; it is contained in an incurved sheath, and 
 rarely protruded from it. The stomach is very narrow, and does 
 not differ in size from the rest of the intestinal canal. The rec- 
 tum is pretty large, terminated by an anus slightly narrowed and 
 
4 GENUS HARPA 
 
 pointed. The liver, which is voluminous, forms a great part of 
 the convoluted portion, and extends almost throughout the spire. 
 The heart and the auricle are very much developed, contained 
 in a pericardium, and situated at the base of the branchiae. The 
 cerebral ganglion is broad and flattened ; it sends out numerous 
 nervous filaments which ramify over the whole body. The penis 
 of the male is considerable, like that of the Buccina, and 
 situated upon the same side. 
 
 This genus, very remarkable for the beauty and freshness of 
 the shells which it contains, belongs mostly to the Indian seas, 
 where they are pretty common, and upon the shores of certain 
 islands of the tropical coasts. They are found in the crannies 
 of rocks, or upon pebbly bottoms, whose great irregularities 
 render the means of fishing for them ineifectual. Quoy and 
 Gaimard think that they usually inhabit rapid and deep waters. 
 
 The animal is very active, but surrounded by numerous ene- 
 mies ; at the approach of danger it enters its shell, like the other 
 mollusca, but cannot entirely draw in its foot; and the part 
 which remains without, firm and muscular, almost closes her- 
 metically the aperture of the shell, and thus protects all the soft 
 parts. Nevertheless, if the danger which threatens it should 
 be imminent, as a last resort, it contracts with much force this 
 portion of the foot exposed to peril, breaks it and rids itself 
 of it. In this situation it presents to its enemies only the back 
 of its covering, being able to apply its aperture to the ground. 
 It is probable it owes its power of rupturing its foot to the pre- 
 sence of a large canal containing water which exists in this part. 
 This is the opinion of Quoy and Gaimard. 
 
 In consequence of this an operculum would be useless to it, 
 for it would be liable to be carried away by the rupture of the 
 foot. Therefore, it is not possessed. These observations are 
 due also to the philosophers we have previously quoted. 
 
 Some system-making authors have sought to establish on the 
 operculum, general rules of analogy between the groups ; but this 
 character is too superficial to serve for the great divisions, or 
 the approximation of groups into families. Many shells, pro- 
 vided with an operculum, are united by all the other characters 
 which distinguish them, to species, in which the operculum, on 
 

 GENUS HARPA. 5 
 
 the contrary, does not exist ; this circumstance only, constitutes 
 the difference between them; whilst remote from them are 
 found other shells, possessing alike an analogous operculum, but 
 dissimilar to the first in every other respect. Thus the Harps 
 arid the Tuns have such striking resemblances to the BUCCINUM, 
 that we have always seen them placed near this last genus by all 
 authors who have described them ; nevertheless, the first two of 
 these genera have no operculum, whilst, on the contrary, it is 
 invariably found in the other. 
 
 We may then infer, from these remarks, that the character 
 of the operculum cannot, as we have said, constitute a general 
 rule of classification. It will serve, with more certainty, for 
 some divisions of genera; and the differences of the opercula of 
 some shells may assist in establishing between them an accurate 
 measure of affinity or remoteness. 
 
 The animals of the Harps appear to subsist upon soft and 
 delicate substances. Lamarck, in his Histoire des Mollusques, 
 has divided this genus into eight species ; but, after the example 
 of Deshayes, withdrew from the list of species the imperial 
 harp, which is only a pretty constant variety of the vcntricose 
 harp ; this may be proved by a specimen in the collection of the 
 prince Massena, which is half imperial harp by its very con- 
 tiguous ribs, and half ventricose harp by others more distant. 
 The conoid harp appears also to be only a variety of this last, 
 merely a little more elongated. The striated harp belongs also 
 to the ventricose harp, and should be considered as only a very 
 young specimen of this species. 
 
 It is a general observation, that all the young shells of this 
 genus have longitudinal striae, more or less numerous, but al- 
 ways more approximate ; they have often, also, pretty apparent 
 transverse striae, distinctions easy to be observed in the shell of 
 which we have just spoken. 
 
 The other species pointed out by Lamarck appear to be well 
 distinguished ; all agree in the common character of presenting 
 exteriorly parallel, compressed, inclined, and acute longitudinal 
 ribs ; in all, too, the upper extremity of each rib forms a small 
 detached sharp point. 
 
(5 GENUS H ARPA. 
 
 The male shells are known by three essential distinctions ; 
 their shell is thicker, smaller, and more slender. 
 
 The Harps are found in abundance in the regions of the 
 Isle of Sunda, of New Holland, the Isle of France, and in 
 the Red Sea. 
 
 / 1 . HARP A VENTRICOS A, LAM. The Ventricose Harp. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) BONANNI, Recr. 3, fig. 185. 
 
 
 
 PI. I, fig. 1 and 1 a young; pi. II, fig. 2, variety with compact ribs. 
 PI. Ill, fig. 4, var. Conoidalis ; pi. IV, fig. 7, young, striated. 
 
 H. testa ovato-ventricosa ; costis latis, compressis, purpureo tinctis, 
 apice mucronatis, infra mucronem subunidentatis ; interstitiis albidis, 
 maculis arcuatis spadiceo-fuscis notatis ; columella. purpureo et nigro 
 maculata. 
 
 Shell oval, ventricose, pretty large, polished, ornamented 
 with more or less distant, wide, compressed, smooth, parallel 
 ribs, inclined towards the base, of a pale rose color, most com- 
 monly with quadrangular deep brown spots. These ribs are 
 pointed at their summit, and a little below these form a slight 
 keel, caused by small asperities. The interstice between the 
 ribs is slightly striated longitudinally ; it is whitish or violet, 
 adorned with brown or reddish spots, forming regular festoons 
 throughout its whole length ; there are found also upon the 
 surface of the shell two or three bands, sometimes replaced by 
 large spots, which alike surround it. The middle band is 
 always most apparent. The spire is short, composed of six 
 whirls slightly flattened above ; aperture large, reddish, ter- 
 minated at base by an oblique, shallow emargination, marked 
 within with brown spots or bands ; right lip bordered exter- 
 nally by the last rib ; columella smooth, brilliant, almost 
 covered with very dark brown spots. 
 
 Length 4 inches. Width 3 inches. 
 
 Inhabits the Indian Seas, at New Guinea and Port Dorey ; 
 the Isles of France and Bourbon. 
 
GENUS HARPA. 
 
 Of late several authors, and particularly Deshayes, have 
 brought back to this species shells of the same genus which had 
 been improperly separated by Lamarck. The first which we 
 shall notice is the imperial harp, pi. 2, fig. 2, which, however, 
 at first sight, appears to differ essentially from the ventricose 
 harp ; but, as we have remarked of several species of genera 
 which we have already described, the gradual affinities of a 
 series of specimens naturally bring back this shell to the com- 
 mon type, although at first it appeared remote from it. We 
 shall point out, as a striking example, a specimen which presents 
 upon one of its sides the same ribs as those of the type species, 
 and upon the other those of the variety, (see our pi. VI, fig. 9). 
 Thus then, this differs from the ventricose harp by the ribs being 
 more contracted, and nearer each other ; but, constant in all 
 other points of analogy, it ought, undoubtedly, to be reunited to 
 this last species. 
 
 This variety with close-set ribs is generally whitish ; the num- 
 ber of ribs varies in such a manner that even 30 and 35 have 
 been counted, whilst not more than from 12 to 13 are seen upon 
 the ventricose harp. These ribs are then much narrower, and 
 much more approximate, with five or six interrupted, reddish 
 yellow zones. It is particularly in the young specimens of this 
 variety, that the ribs are nearer each other, the transverse stria3 
 more apparent and more prominent. The young of the ventricose 
 harp are of a paler color, duller, and sometimes reddish ; we give 
 a figure of it, pi. IV, fi>. 7. Lamarck has established them as a 
 
 . 11 - TT 
 
 species under the name of HARPA stnata. 
 
 Another variety of this same shell has more distant ribs, and 
 is remarkable for two large reddish bands, at each extremity of 
 the last whirl. The interval between these bands is of a much 
 paler color. The interstice of the ribs is adorned with reddish 
 longitudinal lines, undulated and slightly festooned at the two 
 extremities; (see our pi. VI, fig. 10). 
 
 We give also, pi. Ill, fig. 4, the conoidal harp of Lamarck, -1 
 which presents all the characters of our type ; the only observa- /Y\ 
 ble differences consist in the form, which is a little more conoi- 
 dal, and in the ribs, the three last of which are wider, whilst the 
 others are, on the contrary, narrower than those of the ventricose 
 
 
 
 
 
 
g GENUS H ARPA. 
 
 harp. The shell is generally whitish, with bands on the ribs of 
 a rose-colored tint ; some specimens are colored more brightly, 
 and have the ribs alternated with brown, rose-colored, and 
 white lines. The interstices are filled with arched yellowish or 
 brown spots. 
 
 2. HARPA ARTICULARIS, LAM. The Articulated Harp. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) GUALTIERI, Test., pi. 29, fig. D. 
 PI. II, fig. 3. 
 
 H. testa ovata, subventricosa, grisea ; costis angustis distantibus albo 
 nigroque articulatim maculatis ; spira exsertiuscula, muriculata. 
 
 Shell ovate, ventricose, rather thin ; spire conical, indistinctly 
 muricated ; the ribs pretty narrow, distant, slightly flattened, 
 marked by transverse brown lines, articulated and winding 
 like light festoons ; between these lines appear white and 
 violet spots, Interstice between the ribs grayish. The lon- 
 gitudinal waved lines which are there seen, are strongly arch- 
 ed, and very contiguous to each other, they form species of 
 transverse bands, at the origin of which exists a triangular 
 brown chestnut-colored spot ; the sharpest angle of this spot is 
 continued sometimes into the interstices, in the middle of the 
 narrow and white bands formed by the bars to the number of 
 twelve upon the last whirl. The brown bars are less conspic- 
 uous. Aperture large, ovate, of a violet color upon the edge, 
 and reddish within ; through these colors are perceived the 
 transverse brown bands. The columella is polished, covered 
 over its whole length by a large brown chestnut-colored spot. 
 
 Length 3 inches. Width 2 inches. 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean. 
 
 This shell appears sufficiently distinct from the ventricose harp, 
 for us to retain it as a distinct species, as was done by Lamarck. 
 The coloring of the ribs is pretty constant in the distribution of 
 the transverse bands, which are always very apparent and very 
 near each other. 
 
GENUS HARPA. 
 
 V 3. HARPA NOBIL.IS, LAM. The Noble Harp. 
 
 , /J I , ft* h t 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., pi. 992, fig. 55. 
 
 PI. Ill, fig. 5. 
 
 H. testi ovata, subventricosa, griseo-albo et fusco varia, maculis amplis 
 purpureo-sanguineis picta ; costis latiusculis ; lineis nigris capillaribus 
 trans versim fasciculatis ; spira submuricata. 
 
 Shell ovate, a little ventricose; spire slightly elongated, 
 submuricated, the whirls flattened above, surmounted by ribs 
 which are continued ; these are from 12 to 14 in number, be- 
 coming broader as they approach the lip ; they are ornament- 
 ed with transverse black lines, dividing them into unequal 
 spaces, the coloring of which is less deep than that of the in- 
 terstices of the ribs ; these last are of a grayish or brown tint, 
 of little variety, with wide spots, which sometimes form bands 
 of a bloody purple. Undulating lines in zigzags or white fes- 
 toons, and brown meanderings between them. The upper 
 band of the last whirl oftentimes becomes more apparent from 
 the brightened or even whitish shade of its color ; aperture 
 ovate, of an orange white ; right lip marked by brown spots 
 internally, and bordered externally by the last rib which is 
 denticulated in a portion of its length. The columella slightly- 
 arched at the base, almost covered in its length by three very 
 distant violet or brown spots. 
 
 Length 3 inches. Width 22 lines. 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean. <?< : - 
 
 This species is pretty constant in its characters ; nevertheless, 
 it happens that some specimens have a paler coloring, and the 
 festoons are perceptible only by intervals, and have then the 
 appearance of pretty irregular bands. The specimen represent- 
 ed, pi. 6, fig. 11, is of a brownish red. Others are of a clear 
 red. 
 
 Harpa. B 
 
10 GENUSHARPA 
 
 4. HARPA MINOR, LAM. The Elongated Harp. 
 
 " /0-/33 > ' 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., pi. 994, fig. 57. 
 
 PI. IV, fig. 6, and fig. 6 a, var. 
 
 H. testa ovato-oblonga, grisea, fusco-maculosa ; costis angustis distanti- 
 bus nigro-lineatis ; lineis geminatis ; spirii exsertiuscula. 
 
 Shell ovate, oblong, rather small, slightly elongated, whirls 
 of the spire distinct, mucronated, more elongated than in the 
 preceding species. The lower whirl has eleven or twelve 
 narrow and slightly elevated longitudinal ribs, the surface of 
 which, of a yellow ground, is crossed transversely by a great 
 number of very fine blackish lines, which approach alternately, 
 two by two. The intervals of the ribs are marked with very 
 thin and delicate longitudinal striae, and with brown and 
 whitish lines undulating in bars. Sometimes one or two 
 whitish bands are observed upon the last whirl. The aper- 
 ture is ovate, alike whitish, with several small brown bands 
 upon the edge of the lip which, externally, is covered by the 
 last rib. The columella is almost straight, marked with small 
 brown spots. 
 
 Length 2 inches. Width 1 inch. 
 Inhabits the Indian Ocean, at Port Dorey in New Guinea. 
 
 This species is very distinct from others in size, which is in- 
 vari^bly smaller, and by its peculiar coloring, much less variable 
 tha"n Wie other -harp&. Some specimens are shorter and of a 
 whitish color. In such the three or four last ribs grow broader 
 towards the last lip. The substance of the shell also appears 
 thicker, which would lead us to think that the difference belongs 
 to that of sex. The animal of the elongated harp differs slightly 
 from others in its coloring, only it is covered with a tint of a 
 more intense red, and the circumference of the foot is not mark- 
 ed with spots of a reddish brown, like that of the ventricose harp. 
 
GENUS HARPA. 
 
 f 5. HARPA ROSEA, LAM. The Rosy Harp. 
 
 /o./oc, /r? 6 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) MART., Conch., pi. 119, fig. 1094. 
 
 PI. V, fig. 8 and fig. 8 a, young. 
 
 . 6 
 
 H. testa ovata,subventricosa,tenui griseola ; costis angustissimis distan- 
 tibus ; interstitiis albidis, roseo rnaculatis, lineis rubro-nigris, confusiuscule 
 undulatis ; columella carnea et violacea. 
 
 Shell ovate, ventricose, rather thin ; spire conical, slightly 
 muricated ; the four whirls which are near the edge are the 
 widest. The ribs are flat, oftentimes narrow, almost all mark- 
 ed at their base by four or five conical denticulations, and at 
 the upper extremity of the last whirl, by four small mucronat- 
 ed tubercles, which appear again upon the whirls of the spire. 
 The coloring of the ribs is of a light gray ; they are circled by 
 rose-colored or white bands in bars ; at their external edge, 
 which is slightly projecting, is drawn a brown or blackish lon- 
 gitudinal stroke, interrupted by small horizontal white rays. 
 The interstices of the ribs are of a grayish pearl color, waved 
 with fine strokes in double bars, which are laced with strokes 
 of a red brown. Rose-colored spots are likewise seen between 
 the ribs. Aperture ovate, of a pale yellow, with several bands 
 of a dark violet. The right lip is ornamented by the last rib, 
 which is undulated throughout its whole length. The colu- 
 mella is polished, arcuated towards the base, and has two or 
 three spots of a bluish violet. 
 
 Lenth 3 inches 3 lines. Width 2 inches 2 lines. 
 Inhabits the seas of Japan. u ^^^ -\ft*x~< ) 
 
 Lamarck only knew young specimens of this species, which, 
 generally, are strongly colored by large rose-colored spots cover- 
 ing almost all the surface. Latterly, Lesson has established, as 
 a new species, under the name of HARPA Rivoliana (Zoological 
 Illustrations, pi. 36), a specimen, which we consider a very old 
 
GENUS II ARPA. 
 
 shell of the H. rosea. Lamarck possessed another which he has 
 marked in his collection as a variety of this last species, and 
 which is, without any doubt, an intermediate link between the 
 young and adult, (see our pi. 5, fig. 8, 8 a). 
 
A <" , ( r -'' , <./ < /f A ,f / J/ 
 
 , {*f<\f\<\<u f < , C r- _ , A / , < ,- , / / , ' i> ^ I 
 
 / fi j 
 
 ' fi 
 
 ('^<V'/C, /[. , v-V-- ^ 
 
 ^l , /( . f v // ^ ' i-i ,. Mt, / , r *i'/<, > / . v r e( ' 
 
 /, " r , ) J, 
 
 ' ' ^V'^gt tt , A-t-r v< ,/?r^v, ^. rr , , , Mi^,/, ? <U,C 
 
 (\ n . r. r^, ><<:;/,, << X Ttu'v. 
 
 - -Y i , '/ c c/ ,v r <- .- /M" wt* - [ . 
 i 
 
 
FAMILLE 
 
 DES 
 
 PLICACEES 
 
 DE LAMARCK, 
 DES TROCHOIDES 
 
 DE CUVIER. 
 
 Les coquilles que renferme cette fainille sont marines , 
 A ouverture non evasee, ay ant des plis a la columelle. 
 Elles ont etc long-temps confondues avecles Solutes ^ les 
 BulimeSy et meme dans ces derniers temps, quelques>zoolo- 
 gistes les ont encore placees parmi les Auricules, avec les- 
 quelles elles ont beaucoup de rapports; cependant elles 
 doivent en etre eloignees par une difference assez remarqua- 
 ble,, la presence d'un opercule. C'est pour cette raison 
 qu'on doit en former une famille a part qui^ d'apres La- 
 marck , ne se compose que de deux genres , celui des Tor- 
 natelles et celui des Pyramidelles. 
 
 TORNATLLE. 
 

GENRE TORNATELLE. 
 
 ( TORNATELLA , LAMARCK. ) 
 
 Caracteres generiques. Goquille enroulee, ovale, cylin- 
 drique, le plus souvent striee transversalement ; ouverture 
 oblongue, entiere, un pen versante a sa base ; un ou plu- 
 sieurs plis a la columelle; bord droit mince , tranchant, 
 n'ayant jamais de bourrelet. 
 
 Animal inconnu, opercule come. 
 
 Testa convoluta, orato-cylindrica, saepiiistransversim striata, apertura oblonga, 
 integra; marine exteriore acuto. Columella basi uni vel pluriplicata. 
 Opercula ovata , cornea. 
 
 Les especes de ce genre sont toutes marines et enroulees; elles 
 ont presque toujours des stries transversales ; elles sontordinaire- 
 ment ovo'ides, cylindracees , a spire plus ou moins saillante et ob- 
 tuse ; 1'ouverture est alongee , souvent retrecie a sa partie post6 
 rieure, evasee et un peu versante a la base ; les plis de la columelle 
 variables en nombre , de un a trois: ilssont ordinairemerit epais et 
 obtus. 
 
 1. TORItfATELLE BROCARD. Tornatella flammea , GMEL. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch, t. 8i4 , fig- 24. 
 PI. i. fig. 
 
 T.tesl5 crassd, ovali, alba, venlricos^l, transversim striata"; lineis longitudinalibus 
 undatis, subrubris ; spiral couoideS- aperlura oblong^ ; columeUa uniplicata 
 
 Co(jiiille epais se^ ovale^ ventrue^ blancte^ couverte de 
 stries transversales avec des lignes longitudinales ondiilees , 
 rougeatres, souvent divisees en trois parties dans leur lon- 
 gueur. Spire cono'ide, canaliculee , composee desix tours , 
 les premiers tres rapproches, le dernier beaucoup plus grand 
 que tons les antres. Ouverture oblongue^ elargie,, dilatee a sa 
 
4 GENRE TORN ATE LLE. 
 
 base ; le bord droit tres aminci y presque tranchant ; un pli 
 a la columelle qui est oblique. 
 
 Long. i5 lig. Larg. 9 lig. 
 Habit e 
 
 Chez certains individus les lignes onclulees sont beaucoup plus 
 espacees, plus etroites, et se contingent dam toute la longueur de 
 Ja coquille. ^ . " * * ' ' ^ ^^ /fc^^ ^^^ . C/^77 /, ^ , /' ' 
 Y / /Ut, /<*< .V't,/** 7 / iliif'i { ' \ 
 
 2. TORKTA TELIjE MOUCHETEE. Tornatdla solidula,RRVG. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) FAVAIVNE, Conch, pi. 65, fig. p. 2. 
 Pi. i. fig, 2, 
 
 T. testa crassa, ovato-oblonga, cylindrica, transversim slriata, inaculis oblongis, 
 fuscis et rufulis spira conico-acula 5 apertura oblonga j columella biplicat^ , plica 
 majore bilohd. 
 
 Coquille epaisse , ovale^ oblongue^ cylindrique j des stries 
 transversales pen profondes traversees par des taches oblon- 
 gues bnmes., et souvent entremelees d'autres taches rous- 
 satres,, principalement stir les tours de spire ; une bande 
 blanche ctroite entoure, vers le miUeu^ le dernier tour de 
 la coquille. Spire conique pointue; ouverture oblongue y re- 
 trecie , un pcu comprimee vers le tiers de sa partie supe- 
 rieure,, et se dilatant a sa partie inferieure. Deux plis a la 
 columelle y separes par une echancriire demi- circulaire 
 a^sez profonde y le plus grand bilobe. 
 
 Long. i5 lig. Larg. 6 lig. 
 
 Habile rOcean Indien. 
 
 Cette espece, commune dans les collections, est bien diffe- 
 rente de la precedente, par sa forme cylindrique et les deux plis 
 sur la columelle, dont un est bilobe; il existe une variete dont la 
 coquille est constamment plus petite; elle est blanche ou rousse 
 avec des taches jaunatres sur tous les tours de spire; le premier pli 
 de la columelle est aussi plus visible quc dans la variete ordinaire. 
 
GENRE TOKNATELLE. 
 
 5. TORNATELLE IfASCIEE Tornateila fasciata , DRUG. 
 
 Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch, t. 835, fig. 58. 
 
 WjR.j _. . J 
 
 s - 
 
 Testa" ovato-conica, tenui , subperlucidci, rufo-rubenle , albo-bifasciata' ; spiia* 
 exertd , acutd 5 columelid uniplicala. 
 
 Goquille conique , ovale, mince y subtransparente , rous- 
 satre, couverte de stries transverses nombreuses et ser- 
 rees ; celles placees a la base du dernier tour sont plus 
 profondes et plus ecartees que les autres ; une bande blanche 
 existe a la base de chaqiie tour de spire , et deux autres tres 
 prononcees surle dernier tour de la coquille. Spire saillante., 
 pointue ; ouverture oblongue , retrecie a sa partie supe- 
 rieure ; un pli a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 1 1 lig. Larg. 5 lig. 
 Habile la Mediterranee et 1'Ocean Europeen. $*** 
 
 Cette espece est tres remarquable par la finesse des stries , et par 
 les bandes blanches qui la distinguent de toutes les autres especes. 
 
 4. TOaKTATSLLE BUI.Z.E. Tornateila bullata , NOBIS. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST. Conch, pi. 714* 
 
 PI. i. fig. 4- 
 
 Testa parva , oblong^ , cylindrical , albo diaphana , transversim tenuissinie 
 striata spira brevi, conica 5 a|erlura oblouga , angust5 ; columelid uniplicatS. 
 
 Coqiulle petite^ oblongue , cylindrique, d'un blanc dia- 
 pbane; des stries transversales tres fines et tres serrees 
 sur toute la coquille. Spire courte, conique,, composee 
 de cinq tours dont les sutures sont canaliculees. Ouverture 
 oblongue, etroite dans les deux tiers de sa partie supe- 
 rieure et se dilatant a sa base. Lcvre mince, arrondic , 
 
6 GENRE TOP.NATELI.E. 
 
 echancree a sa partie superieure a sa reunion avec le Lord 
 gauche. Un pli a la columelle. 
 
 Long. 4 lig. 1/2. Larg. i lig. 3/4- 
 Habile les mers des Indes. 
 
 Cette jolie petite espece assez commune, est tres remarquable 
 parsapetitesse, sa couleur blanche transparent e et ses stries extre- 
 mement fines ; sa forme la rapproche de celle de plusieurs bulles. 
 
 5. TORNATELLE LU1SANTE Tornatella niddula , LAM. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) Encyclop. , pi. 4^ 2 - &Q 2 > a > b 
 
 Testa* crassa*, ovato-oblonga, albo-rosea, nitiduia ; spira brevi , acuta ; columcl\d 
 biplioalS. 
 
 Coquille epaisse^ ovale^ oblongue, lisse^ (Tun blanc 
 rose y des stries transverses en nombre variable a la base du 
 dernier tour j spire courte., pointue ausommet^ composee 
 de six a sept tours tres rapproches ; ouverture oblongue^ 
 etroite, un peu evasee a sa base; bord droit,, epaissi a 
 1'interieur^ h'sse et tran chant dans toute son etendue. Deux 
 plis a la columelle qui est epaisse; de ces deux plis Fin- 
 ferieur est le plus gros et est subquadrangulaire , le su- 
 perieur qui est beaucoup plus petit est separe de Tautre 
 par une echancrure demi-circulaire tres profonde. 
 
 Long. 9 lig. Larg. 5 lig. 
 
 Habile les mers de Tile de France et de la Nouvelle- 
 Hollande. 
 
 Cette espece est tres commune. Elle se distingue des aulres 
 par sa spire courte et tres effilee, et par la grosseur de son der- 
 nier pli. 
 
'. -, <-,- A 
 
 /. f 
 
 
 i*x < .' ' /w v<nu., >'/ vt*f, i . . ?,j/r, 
 
 ( < ' f ,.;./, \ i '"/; 
 
 Kd (,,,/. \ . ' , 
 
 yJKjUlAr* ( '" / A ./ ^r/, -' ,,'/. /<54 // /(', 
 
 /"' r / 
 
 ( J KA , ,-r7 ,-C/i /,,/ A' ' ^./ ^, 
 , /I i. '- ^ r- / ^ / ^/ y , ./, >(, /u, [. 
 
 < ' ! I, 
 
 , i ; - f, i / . ' ,*( , ^(7/, . 
 
 , ''^ / ; / ' * /' ,Af#*,/./tfj 
 
 ^ ft /H.^',,, 
 
 x , ;< i 
 
 
 , ^ e" F , / ' f ', /.r^ 
 
 / [*, , -%,/", (./n. , / ;./V / frt-tjJ 
 
 &Jbi , //.>/*<< , I i" I ' ' ''/, 
 
 /., t/i ^ to.**4A& , - f , /'' /' /''f/^ v A /,y, /.t>7/, /^- > ' X^ ' 
 
 ^ / / ' / ' / 
 
 lPg* v I tlf^ A k - ,-. , / QUWM 
 
 "I ' / / / / 
 
 Ji ', /.'-,-/,<'/'. , /(<< rr'. /. .^^1, rJ ,J , r .^('^ /, 
 
 +h I u , .'r, , / '. /A , //0*y/2 
 
 , ^w ' / /' , 
 
 ' 
 
 s - 
 
Kfa ,i f., i k /. * .:, 
 
TOKNATELLE9 
 
 i. Torn, Broeard 3. Torn . laso.oo 
 
 ft. Torn. Moiu'holoo 4- 1 >' 
 
 !> . Torn l.msanlo . 
 
GENUS PYRAMIDELLA, LAMARCK. 
 
 THE PYRAMIDELLA. 
 
 Testa turrita, conico-elongata, epidermide destituted. Apertura Integra, 
 semi-ovalis ; labro acuto. Columella basi producta, subperforatA ; plicis 
 tribus transversis. Operculum corneum. 
 
 Shell turreted, conical, elongated, slightly striated, destitute 
 of epidermis. Aperture entire, semi-oval, widened at its base, 
 lip inferiorly sub-perforated, and with three transverse folds. 
 Operculum horny, thin, ovate, elongated, elements very fine, 
 and folds oblique. 
 
 Animal having a head surmounted by broad, rather long 
 tentaculae, formed like a pointed horn, and open on the side. 
 The mouth situated in a flattened, wide, dilated, and quite 
 deeply two-lobed muzzle, separated from the foot by a groove. 
 The respiratory cavity open throughout the whole length of 
 the mantle, bearing on its right margin a long and narrow 
 branchia. The heart has a direction from right to left. The 
 rectum and uterus are attached to each other along the bran- 
 chiae, and terminate in an ear-shaped gutter, produced by the 
 margin of the mantle. The mucous follicles line the upper 
 wall of the cavity. The foot is round, without a marginal 
 furrow, passing down before in form of an ear-shaped shield, 
 and bearing posteriorly a membranous operculum, with laminae 
 destitute of a spire, which possesses one or two notches to slip 
 upon the folds of the columella. 
 Pyramidella. A 
 
2 GENUS PYRAMIDELLA. 
 
 Quoy and Gaimard, to whom we are indebted for a knowledge 
 of these animals, suppose that they have the sexes united in an 
 incomplete hermaphroditisrn ; these writers have not been able, 
 satisfactorily, to examine the organs of generation. 
 
 The general color of the body of these mollusca, is of a dull 
 white. The operculum only, and the edge of the mantle are 
 yellowish. 
 
 Lamarck, in his Histoire des Animaux sans vertebres (1801), 
 first formed the genus PYRAMIDELLA from the TROCHUS dola- 
 bratus of Linnasus, and the BULIMUS terebellum of Bruguiere ; 
 he placed it between MELANIA and AURICULA, considering the 
 species which composed it, as fresh water shells. Some years 
 after he suppressed this genus, and again re-established it in 
 the compendium of his course in 1811 ; but during the inter- 
 val elapsing between these two periods, De Roissy and Montfort 
 had retained and admitted it, one in Sonnini's Buffon, the other 
 in his Conchy liologie Systematise ; and when, in 1811, La- 
 marck, after a more mature examination, coincided with them, 
 or rather acknowledged the justness of his first opinion, he 
 approximated the genus TORNATELLA to the PYRAMIDELLA, and 
 thence formed a family under the name of PLICACEJL; the 
 analogies which he found between these two genera, by blending 
 them, induced him to place them near to the MACRO STOMJE 
 and the SCALJ1RIJE ; this little family has appeared established 
 so naturally, that it has remained almost unmodified, in the 
 principal systems published since that time. 
 
 Cuvier, in the first edition of his Regne Animal, placed the 
 shells of this genus in the family of the AURICULJE; this decision 
 was followed by Ferussac, in his Tableau systematique ; but in 
 the second edition of the Regne Animal, its illustrious author 
 concurs with the opinion of Lamarck, in bringing these two 
 genera into the family PECTINIBRANCHIATA, among the 
 MELANUE and the JANTHINJE. 
 
 Blainville, Traite de Malacologie, p. 453, arranges them 
 among his J1URICULJE, and has not adopted the division PLI 
 CJLCEJL of Lamarck ; but, afterwards, becoming acquainted with 
 the operculum of the animal of the TORNATELLA, this writer 
 judged that it ought no longer to hold the place which he had at 
 first assigned it, without, however, pointing out another. In fact, 
 
GENUS PYRAMIDELLA. 3 
 
 this mollusk differs essentially from the animal of the AURICULA, 
 by the presence of the operculum, which we have just mention- 
 ed, and by the situation of the pulmonary organ, which is a true 
 branchia ; nevertheless, in other respects, the characters of the 
 shell have the greatest analogy with some specimens of this last 
 family. 
 
 Sowerby, in his Genera, proposes to bring back to the PY- 
 RAMIDELLA, several species of shells, some of which are com- 
 prised among the AURICULAE ; I am not of the opinion of this 
 author ; these species do not appear to me to unite the charac- 
 ters observed in the genus which I have just described. As to 
 the number of folds, which he supposes to vary, I have always 
 found the same in all the specimens I have been able to examine ; 
 and the folds upon the columella, being a distinctive character 
 in this genus, it does not appear consistent to admit shells 
 which are destitute of them. Besides, what appears to me un- 
 answerably to establish an exact distinction between these differ- 
 ent shells, those of the family PLICJ1CEJ1 are marine and oper- 
 culated, while the others, on the contrary, live in fresh water, 
 and are destitute of an operculum. 
 
 The species of the genus PYRAMIDELLA are not numerous. 
 The shells are generally quite small, of an elegant form, elon- 
 gated, marked with more or less deep spots. The animals are 
 very timid. No species has as yet been met with in our seas. 
 They appear to live in those of India, and upon the coasts of 
 Africa. 
 
 1. PYRAMIDELLA TEREBELLUM, LAM. The Gimlet Py- 
 ^ , , ramidella. n f.fJ^jfTj 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., Conch., t. 844, fig. 72. 
 
 J /k&, *&5h{ . 
 
 PL I, fig. 2, et fig. 3 Pomted.^^ &^& 
 P. testA conico-turrita, umbilicata, laevi, alba, lineis rufis cincta ; colu- 
 mella recurva ; labro inttis laevigato. 
 
 Shell conical, turreted, polished, elongated, slightly transpa- 
 rent, white, beautifully adorned with transverse reddish or 
 brown bands, three in number upon each whirl, and four or 
 five upon the lowest, which is more inflated ; the middle band 
 
GENUS P YR AM IDELLA. 
 
 is always narrowest ; the others are wider and deeper colored. 
 Spire pointed, composed of from ten to twelve distinct whirls, 
 smooth, slightly convex. Aperture ovate, sub-rotund at its 
 base, and generally marked within, with very prominent ridges 
 continued upon some specimens even to the edge of the right 
 lip, which is sharp ; columella slightly arcuated, recurved 
 around the umbilicus ; it is furnished at its base with three 
 folds, the upper of which is more prominent than the others. 
 Umbilicus small, cylindrical, narrow and deep. 
 
 Length 16 lines. Width 7 lines. 
 Inhabits the American seas among the Antilles. 
 
 We find in this species some variations of color. Some shells 
 are violet with all the bands brown, others are of a dull white, 
 with narrower and less numerous lines. With Deshayes we 
 think the PYRAMIDELLA dolabratum a very old terebettum of La- 
 marck ; for it differs from that only by the ridges which are 
 found at the internal part of its left lip, so that if the edge of the 
 lip happens to be broken, this edge has the appearance of being 
 denticulated; it is this accident alone, frequently occurring, 
 which has caused the separation of these two species ; for in the 
 specimens remaining perfect, the folds are seen only within the 
 aperture. Very old specimens have also the folds of the colu- 
 mella strongly marked. In other respects there is a perfect 
 similarity in the characters of the two species. 
 
 2. PYRAMIDELLA VENTRICOSA, Quov et GAIM. The 
 Swollen Pyramided 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) 
 PI. I, fig. l. 
 
 P. testa ovato-turrita, ventricosa, apice acuta ; anfractibus convexius- 
 culis, lineis longitudinalibus rufescentibus vel fuscescentibus undulatlm 
 ornatis, ultimo ventricosiusculo j apertura ovata, albida. 
 
 Shell ovate, turreted, polished, pointed at its summit, 
 indistinctly striated in its whole length ; spire composed of ten 
 slightly convex whirls, the last a little swollen and whitish ; all 
 
GENUS PYRAMIDELLA. 5 
 
 are adorned with longitudinal, undulated, reddish, or brown 
 lines, quite near together ; wide, brown spots often partially 
 cover them, a line equally brown passes over each whirl ; upon 
 the lowest are found three others, which sometimes form 
 quite large bands of the same color. The sutures are slightly 
 canaliculated. Aperture ovate, whitish, marked likewise, with 
 a few brown lines towards the depth of the cavity, exhibiting 
 pretty distinct furrows. Right lip thin, terminated below by 
 a small canal, at its union with the columella, which is slightly 
 arcuated, with three folds at its base, the first very prominent. 
 Umbilicus indistinctly marked. From the base juts out a 
 round fold, which is seen to turn in a spiral manner in the 
 umbilicus. Operculum ovate, membranous, its laminae not 
 spiral, having one or two notches to receive the folds of the 
 columella. 
 
 Length 15 lines. Width 6 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the island of Vanikoro, where it is found in great 
 abundance. 
 
 It is to Q,uoy and Gaimard that conchologists owe a know- 
 ledge of this species, which is remarkable for the distribution of 
 its longitudinal lines. I suppose that the PYRAMIDELLA fasciata 
 of Fefussac must.belong to the species I have just described, but 
 in an injured state ; upon that specimen, transverse bands only 
 are perceptible. 
 
 3. PYRAMIDELLA PLICATA, LAM. The Plaited Pyramidella. 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., pi. 577, fig. 32, a. 
 
 Pi. I, fig. 4 
 
 P. testa ovato-oblonga, solida, longitudinaliter plicata, alba, punctis rufis 
 seriatim cincta ; plicis laevibus ; interstitiis transverse striatis; ultimo an- 
 fractu spira turgidula breviore. 
 
 Shell ovate, elongated, solid ; spire pointed, composed of 
 ten or eleven slightly convex whirls, distinct and separated by a 
 narrow scaffolding accompanying the suture, which is somewhat 
 
(5 GENUS PYRAMIDELLA. 
 
 undulated. The lowest whirl is almost as large as all the 
 others together : all are ornamented with numerous projecting 
 longitudinal folds or ridges, extremely regular, often terminated 
 at their summit by a small tubercle ; between the spaces of 
 the ridges are observed fine transverse striae. The coloring of 
 this shell is whitish, it is ornamented with reddish spots ar- 
 ranged in transverse series, almost always united, and forming 
 three bands upon the upper whirls, and five upon the lower ; 
 upon this is often seen also, a large brown and irregular blotch. 
 Aperture ovate, elongated, narrow, and slightly oblique. Right 
 lip thick, white, forming a little gutter at the base ; columella 
 imperforate at its lower extremity, oblique, bearing three une- 
 qual folds : the first more prominent, is horizontal, thin, and 
 sharp ; the two others are oblique and smaller. 
 
 Length 11 lines. Width 4 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the seas of the Isle of France, and the Isle of 
 Vanikoro. 
 
 This very beautiful little PYRAMIDELLA, is remarkable for its 
 longitudinal ribs. 
 
 4. PYRAMIDELLA CORRUGATA, LAM. The Wrinkled Py- 
 
 ramidella. /; ^^ ^ , 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) 
 Pi. II, fig. 6. 
 
 P. testa elongato-turrita, gracili, longitudinaliter plicata, alba, prope 
 suturas punctis luteis raris picta ; ultimo anfractu spira multo breviore. 
 
 Shell elongated, tutfeted, slender, white, with some scattered 
 yellowish spots ; spire pointed, formed of nine or ten slightly 
 convex whirls, the surface of which is covered with longitudinal 
 folds, also convex, very distinct, smooth, numerous, regular, 
 prolonged even to the summit of the whirls, and accompanied 
 with some small, scattered, yellowish spots ; numerous com- 
 pressed tranverse striae are found between the folds. The 
 suture is linear. Aperture narrow, ovate, elongated, slightly 
 narrowed at its extremities ; it forms at its base a little depres- 
 
\ 
 
 GENUS PYRAMIDELLA. 
 
 sion in an oblique canal. The lip is thin and arcuated. The 
 colurnella is imperforate at its base ; it is slightly arcuated, 
 thin, furnished with three folds, the first more strongly marked 
 than the others, which are a little oblique. 
 
 Length 9 lines. Width 4 lines. 
 Inhabits the seas of the Isle of France. 
 
 This little shell and the preceding, have so constant an anal- 
 ogy, that they should be considered as the same species ; that 
 which we have just described, is a variety of the plicata, differing 
 from it only in its coloring, which is wholly white, and by its 
 narrower and slenderer form. 
 
 5. PYRAMIDELLA MACULOSA, LAM. The Spotted Pyra-^ 
 
 midella. )f (f t fi, ~~{j % Jt? $ *~~ 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) LIST., pi. 844, fig. 
 
 PI. II, fig. 5, et 5 a, young. 
 P. testa turrito-subulata, longitudinaliter striata, albida, maculis punctisque 
 rufis sparslm picta ; anfractibus numerosis ; ultimo spira multo breviore. 
 
 Shell elongated, turreted, brilliant, pointed at its summit, 
 slightly widened at its base, of a grayish white color, sometimes 
 inclining to red, spotted with numerous brown spots arranged 
 in transverse series, three in number upon each whirl, and five 
 upon the lower ; upon its surface are seen large, brown, dull, 
 and irregular spots ; sometimes the points which adorn the shell 
 are united, and form undulating, longitudinal lines ; spire formed 
 of fifteen or sixteen slightly convex, distinct whirls ; suture 
 linear, shallow. The lowest whirl is short, and not perforated 
 at the base. Aperture small, sub-ovate, and at its depth are 
 seen indistinct grooves ; it is terminated at its base by a small, 
 narrow, and shallow groove. The colurnella is somewhat ar- 
 cuated, and presents three unequal folds towards the base : the 
 first is most projecting, and runs almost horizontally ; the two 
 others are small, oblique, and parallel. Right lip arcuated, 
 thin, sharp, slightly convex. 
 
 Length 20 lines. Width 7 lines. 
 
g GENUS PYR AMIDELLA. 
 
 Inhabits the Pacific ocean, the Isle of France, the Isle of 
 Vanikoro. 
 
 Young specimens of this species are very slightly striated, and 
 of a reddish color ; undulating lines and brown spots, distributed 
 here and there, cover the shell. Some specimens are of a still 
 redder color, and the points upon the shell are then more 
 numerous, and of a deeper tint. 
 
 6. PYRAMIDELL-A GRACIL.IS, BROCCHI. The Slender Pyra- 
 
 midella. 
 
 (Collect, du Museum.) BROCCHI, Conch., subapp., pi. 6, 
 fig. 6, a-b. 
 
 Pi. II, fig. 7. 
 
 P. testa cylindrica, angusta, apice acutissima, nitida, albida ; spira elon- 
 gata; anfractibus convexiusculis, frequentibus ; suturci simplici, depressa ; 
 apertura parva, oblonga. 
 
 Shell cylindrical, narrow, very pointed at its summit, slender, 
 turreted, brilliant, whitish, slightly striated longitudinally ; spire 
 elongated, and formed of fifteen or sixteen somewhat distinct, 
 approximate, convex whirls ; the lowest divided at its middle by 
 a transverse, narrow, shallow stria. Suture simple, indistinctly 
 channeled and flattened. Aperture small, oblong, a little nar- 
 rowed at its extremities. Columella almost straight, a little 
 turreted at its base, and provided with three folds, the first of 
 which is more marked. Right lip thin, sharp, obliquely sinu- 
 ous in the middle of its length ; its lower extremity extends a 
 little beyond the columella, and forms in this part a shallow 
 contraction or little gutter. 
 
 Length 10 lines. Width 3 lines. 
 Inhabits 
 
 This pretty little species, one of the most cylindrical of the 
 genus, has some resemblance in its form to the PYRAMIDELLA 
 maculosa. Ferussac refers this living species to the fossil shell 
 figured by Brocchi, t. 2, p. 282, tab. 6, fig. 6, under the name of 
 TURBO gracilis, and which is found at Saint Just, near Valterra, 
 in the south of France. 
 
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 NUMBER 4. JANUARY, 1842. 
 
 A 
 
 MONOGRAPH 
 
 OF THE 
 
 LIMNIADES 
 
 OR 
 
 FRESHWATER UNIVALVE SHELLS 
 
 OF 
 
 NORTH AMERICA. 
 BY S. STEHMAN HALDEMAN, 
 
 MEMBER OF THE PHILADELPHIA ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 LlMNEA ELODES, .... PLATE 6. 
 
 UMBROSA, - ... ,,7. 
 
 REFLEXA, .... j, 8. 
 
 ,, ATTENUATA, - ,,9. 
 
 ,, EXPANSA, ... }) 
 
 DESIDIOSA, ... 10. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR BY J. DOBSON, 106 CHESNUT ST. 
 
 PARIS: J. B. BAILLIERE RUE DE L'ECOLE DE MEDICINE, 17. 
 
 LONDON: H. BAILLIERE, 219 REGENT STREET. 
 
 E. G. Dorset/, Printer. 
 
 - -Hfc 
 
 Price to subscribers, $1 a number, of 5 plates, and one sheet of letter- 
 press, payable on the delivery of each. Single numbers, $1 25. 
 
SUBSCRIBERS.* 
 
 BATNBRIDGE, Pa. 
 Breneman, John S. 
 Haldeman, Edwin, M. D. 
 Haldeman, Horace 
 Haldeman, John 
 Haldeman, Mrs. M. A. 
 
 BOSTON, Mass. 
 Bass, Seth. M. D., 
 Binney, Amos, Esq. M. D. 
 Emerson, Geo. B., Esq., P. B. S. 
 Gould, Augustus A., M. D. 
 Parker, Henry T. 
 Whittemore, T. J. 
 
 BURLINGTON, Vt. 
 Benedict, Prof. George W. 
 
 CHARLESTON, S. C. 
 Dickson, Prof. Samuel Henry 
 Frost, Prof. Henry R. 
 Holbrook, Prof. J. E. 
 Moult rie, Prof. James 
 
 CINCINNATI, Ohio. 
 Anthony, John G. 
 Buchanan, Robert 
 Foote, John P. 
 Kirtland, Prof. J. P., M. D. 
 Lea, Thomas G. 
 
 COLUMBIA, Pa. 
 Cooper, Israel 
 Cooper, John 
 Cottrell, J. W. 
 Goheen, Rev. D. 
 Green, Evan 
 Haldeman, C. 
 Haldeman, Peter 
 Houston, J. Fredk., C. E. 
 Lycseum. 
 Markley, Jacob F. 
 M'Farland, Rev. James H. 
 Russell, William 
 Shoch, Samuel 
 
 FRANKFURT AM MAYN. 
 Ruppell, Dr. Edward 
 
 HARRISBURG, Pa. 
 Bucher, George H. 
 Bucher, the Hon. J. C. 
 Haldeman, Jacob M. 
 Kingsford, Mrs. M. 
 Roberts, E. W., M. D. 
 
 LANCASTER, Pa. 
 Atlee, Washington L., M. D. 
 Damant, James 
 Parry, Ely, M. D. 
 
 LONDON, Eng. 
 Sowerby, G. B. 
 Charles worth, Edward, F. G. S. 
 
 MARIETTA, Pa. 
 Glatz, Jacob, M. D. 
 Grosh, Jacob 
 Reinhardt, J. C., M. D. 
 
 MOUNTJOY, Pa. 
 Dodge, Rev. N. 
 Heistand, J. D, 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 Cozzens, I. 
 Jay, J. C., M. D. 
 Trudeau, James^ M. D. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 Allen, Robert 
 Blanding, William, M. D. 
 Conrad, T. A. 
 Dietz, A. R. 
 Dunn, Nathan 
 Elwyn, A. A., M. D. 
 Frazer, Prof. John F. 
 Giller, John U. 
 Green, Prof. J., M. D. 
 Gross, George 
 Hacker, W: P. 
 Hallowell, E., M. D. 
 Hembel, Wm., Esq., P. A. N. S. 
 Lea, Isaac 
 
 Maberry, Thomas C. 
 Markoe, F.. jr. 
 Mayland, Jacob, jr. 
 Moore, Carlton R. 
 Morton, Prof. S. G., M. D. 
 Nuttall, Thomas, F.L. S. 
 Phillips, John S. 
 Platt, Franklin R. 
 Poulson, Charles A. 
 Tanner, Benjamin 
 Taylor, Amos 
 Townsend, John K. 
 Wagner, Wm. 
 Wistar, Richard 
 
 Adams, Prof. C. B., Middlebury 
 College, Vt. 
 
 Evans, John, Delaware Co., Pa. 
 
 Mifflin, S. W., C. E., Hybla, 
 York Co., Pa. 
 
 Ward, C. J., M. D., Roscoe, 
 Ohio. 
 
 PENDLETON, la. 
 Fussell, Edwin, M. D. 
 
LIMNEA JUGULARIS. 17 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. Lakes in New 
 York, Michigan, North-west Territory, (fig. 2.) 
 and Lewis's river, Oregon, (fig. L) 
 
 OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 The shell of this species bears a very close 
 resemblance to that of L. stagnalis, but may 
 be distinguished by the want of the prominent 
 shoulder to the whirls, which is so conspicuous 
 in that species. A single monstrous individual, 
 presented to Academy's collection by Mr. 
 Nuttall, has, however, a well developed shoulder. 
 The surface of Stagnalis has a tendency to 
 form facets, which is not the case with Jugu- 
 laris; nor has it the spiral striae quite as evi- 
 dent; a character still better developed in L. 
 appressa. The revolution of the edge of the 
 columella leaves a conical open axis, of about 
 equal size in both species (but narrower in L. 
 appressa) which admits of a view far into the 
 shell. Both species agree remarkably well in 
 the colour, texture, and translucency of the 
 shells. 
 
 j 3 
 
18 
 LIMNEA APPRESSA, Say. 
 
 PLATE 5. 
 
 L. testa magna, elongata, pallida, tenui, laevi, transver- 
 sim minutissime striata, apice subacuto: anfractibus 6, 
 subconvexis: apertura ovata. 
 
 SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES. 
 
 LYMNEUS APPRESSUS, SAY. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 
 
 ii. p. 168. 
 L. SPECIOSUS, ZEIGL., ROSSM^ESSLER, Iconog., pi. 2, 
 
 fig. 50. 
 
 DESCRIPTION. 
 
 "SHELL elongated ventricose: volutions 6: 
 spire regularly attenuated to an acute tip, 
 rather shorter than the aperture: body whirl 
 dilated, proportionally large: aperture ample, 
 columella with the sinus of the fold profound; 
 callus perfectly appressed upon the shell, to the 
 base." Say. 
 
 COLOR, pale ochraceous, lighter than the pre- 
 ceding species, and frequently stained by a 
 black foreign matter. 
 
LIMNEA APPRESSA. 19 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. From Lake 
 Superior to New England, inclusive. The 
 specimens figured were given to me by Dr. 
 Binney, who procured them at Burlington, 
 Vermont. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 I am not very confident that this is distinct 
 from the preceding species; but admit it, be- 
 cause it is more attenuated, lighter in color, 
 and has the spiral striae better developed. 
 
 I cited Rossmassler's figure under the pre- 
 ceding species, on the strength of Gray's Tur- 
 ton; but I am now able (through the kindness 
 of my friend Dr. Gould) to cite at once from 
 the work itself; which convinces me that Ross- 
 rnassler had this species in view, as his figure 
 and minute description agree with it in every 
 particular. 
 
20 
 
 LIMNEA FRAGILIS, Lin. 
 
 PLATE 6. 
 
 L. testa conica, acuminata, sub-perforata; irregulariter 
 reticulata, et transversim minutissime striata: anfractibus 
 6 7 convexis: sutura impressa. 
 
 SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES. 
 
 HELIX FRAGILIS, LIN. BUCCINUM PALUSTRE, MULLER. 
 LIMNEUS ELODES, SAY. Journal of the Academy of 
 
 Natural Sciences, vol. ii. p. 169. American Con- 
 
 chology, pi. 31, fig. 3, March 1832. 
 L. PALUSTRIS, J. D. C. SOWERBY'S Catalogue of Dr. 
 
 Richardson's Shells, No. 32. 
 LIMNJEA ELODES, GOULD. Invertebrata of Massachusetts, 
 
 p. 221, figs. 146, 147. 
 DESHAYE'S LAMARCK, vol. viii. p. 409. 
 
 DESCRIPTION. 
 
 ANIMAL fuliginous, minutely dotted with wax- 
 yellow: central portion dark above; color near- 
 ly uniform below: foot elliptical, about two- 
 thirds the length of the body whirl when 
 extended: tongue spoon-shaped, mouth mar- 
 gined in front with a black horny plate or 
 tooth. Gould. 
 
LIMNEA FRAGILIS. 21 
 
 SHELL oblong-conic, slightly umbilicated, 
 composed of six convex whirls, the surface of 
 which is frequently marked with irregular ele- 
 vated reticulations, unconnected with the fine 
 lines of growth, or the very minute spiral lines: 
 suture very distinct, but not deep: aperture 
 generally shorter than the spire, and sometimes 
 having a calcareous rim within the peristome. 
 
 The characteristic shell has the irregular 
 elevated lines, and convex whirls, as figure 1. 
 The varieties are as follow: 
 
 A. Smooth, whirls convex, fig. 3. 
 
 B. Smooth, whirls flattened, figs. 4 and 11. 
 
 C. Color dark, aperture irregular, fig. 6. 
 
 D. Color light, aperture margined, fig. 7. 
 
 E. Aperture simple, color dark brown, fig. 9. 
 The varieties D and E have the minute spiral 
 
 lines very distinctly marked, but the irregular 
 reticulations are wanting: when these are pre- 
 sent, the surface is divided into series of facets, 
 which have been compared to those upon cut- 
 glass. 
 
 COLOR various shades of brown and yellow- 
 ish-brown, aperture frequently margined with 
 chesnut. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. Found in the 
 
22 LIMNEA FRAGILIS. 
 
 North-west Territory; Canada, as far north as 
 Great Bear Lake, and Maine: in Massachu- 
 setts, figs. 2, 6, 8, Dr. Gould: New York and 
 Lake Erie, fig. 9: Ohio, figs. 1 and 7: Eastern 
 Pennsylvania, figs. 3, 4, 10, 11, from a spring 
 in Berks county, connected with the Schuylkill. 
 I have a specimen li inches long, and rather 
 more than half an inch in diameter, from Lewis' 
 river, Oregon, which I refer to this species, 
 although it is more ventricose than the indi- 
 viduals we are accustomed to see. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 I am indebted to Dr. Gould (who has given 
 an interesting account of this species), for the 
 description and drawings of the animal. Figure 
 5 will give those who are not acquainted with 
 the animals of this family, an idea of the form 
 of the head and tentacles. 
 
 Say remarks that his elodes " bears the most 
 striking resemblance to L. palustris of Europe, 
 and I am almost inclined to think it a mere 
 variety of that species." I unite the two, be- 
 cause I am unable to point out any distinguish- 
 ing characters between them. Whether the 
 foreign shells are as variable among themselves 
 
LIMNEA FRAGILIS. 23 
 
 as ours are, I cannot tell; but I have specimens 
 which, if found here, would be named elodes 
 without hesitation. The respective soft parts 
 may differ; but until such a difference be point- 
 ed out, I cannot but consider the two identical; 
 nor can I admit doubtful species, or those 
 nearly allied to others, upon a mere (so called) 
 specific character, unless a comparative character 
 be given at the same time. Surely it is not 
 unreasonable to demand that enough be given 
 to convey an idea of proposed species, which, 
 in many cases, are difficult to identify, even 
 from figures. 
 
 Mr. Gray is of opinion that the calcareous 
 rim within the peristome of certain Limneae and 
 Planorbes, is formed when the waters they 
 inhabit are nearly dried up; or in winter, when 
 they are affected by cold preparatory to the 
 secretion of a diaphragm for their protection 
 at these times.* However this may be, I have 
 never observed the rim in any other of our 
 species, and only in variety D. of this, whose 
 appearance will always distinguish it, even 
 when this character is wanting. This variety 
 has not been hitherto observed east of the 
 Allegany Mountains. 
 
 * Turton's Manual, p. 231 and 267. London, 1840. 
 
24 
 LIMNEA UMBROSA, Say. 
 
 PLATE 7. 
 
 L. testa elongata, ventricosa, fusca: spira attenuata, 
 acuta: anfractibus senis, convexiusculis, transversim minu- 
 tissime striatis: apertura semicirculari; labro repando. 
 
 SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES. 
 
 LIMNEUS ELONGATUS, SAY. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 
 
 ii. p. 167. 
 LIMKEUS UMBROSUS, SAY. Amer. Conchology, pi. 31. 
 
 fig. 1. 
 
 DESCRIPTION. 
 
 Shell lengthened, ventricose, composed of 
 six slightly convex whirls, of which the anterior 
 one is somewhat inflated: surface covered with 
 numerous minute transverse spiral lines: suture 
 oblique, with little depth, but well marked: 
 spire attenuated, with the apex acute: fold on 
 the columella not well marked: aperture wide, 
 nearly straight on the inside, wide anteriorly; 
 less than half the length of the shell: body 
 whirl above, longer than half the entire length. 
 
LIMNEA UMBROSA. 25 
 
 COLOR various shades of brown, or reddish- 
 brown; sometimes with light longitudinal lines, 
 as in figue 6: the submargin of the peristome 
 is frequently chesnut. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. "It inhabits, 
 in considerable numbers, the ponds and tranquil 
 waters of the Missouri, in the vicinity of Council 
 Bluff; and Dr. Bigsby obtained specimens* in 
 Rainy lake and Seine river of Upper Canada." 
 Found in New York, Ohio, Indiana, and Illi- 
 nois. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 This shell is more ventricose than in any of 
 the allied species, and the fold upon the colu- 
 mella is liable to considerable variation, being 
 well marked in some individuals, and nearly 
 obsolete in others. In some shells the apex is 
 much elevated (the shell being in the normal 
 position) because the plane of the aperture 
 forms a large angle with the axis. Figures 
 2 and 7 represent this character largely de- 
 veloped. 
 
 The name first given to this species by Say 
 was preoccupied, which led him to redescribe 
 it under the one by which it has since been 
 known. 
 
 j 4 
 
26 
 LIMNEA REFLEXA, Say. 
 
 PLATE 8. 
 
 L. testa elongata, tenui, fusca; longitudinaliter striata: 
 apice acuto: anfractibus 7 convexiusculis: sutura impressa, 
 obliquissima: apertura elongata: lamina columellari crassa 
 et laxa. 
 
 SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES. 
 
 LIMNEUS REFLEXUS, SAY. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. ii. 
 
 p. 167. American Conchology, pi. 31, fig. 2. 
 LIMN^EA PALUSTRIS, var. distortus, ROSSMASSLER. Icon., 
 
 vol. i. p. 97. 
 LYMN^EA EXILIS, LEA. Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. (new series), 
 
 vol. v. p. 114, pi. xix. fig. 82. 
 
 DESCRIPTION. 
 
 SHELL very long and slender, composed of 
 seven flattened, or slightly convex whirls, with 
 exceedingly minute transverse revolving lines: 
 lines of growth distinct, but sometimes very fine: 
 suture well marked, revolving very obliquely: 
 aperture oblong semicircular; columellar fold 
 slight; labium not quite in contact with the 
 body whirl at any part, particularly anteriorly, 
 where there is a slight umbilical fissure. 
 
LIMNEA REFLEXA. 27 
 
 COLOR fulvous, or brownish-ochraceous; the 
 inner submargin being frequently highly colored 
 with reddish-brown. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. Found in Supe- 
 rior and Erie Lakes, Say: in Ohio, Indiana, 
 Illinois, and New York. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 This and the preceding species vary consi- 
 derably among themselves; and occasionally 
 approach each other in such a manner, that it 
 is possible they may be but varieties, however 
 characteristic specimens (as figure 1 of the 
 respective plates) may differ. I believe them 
 to be distinct; as, besides the general form, the 
 columellar fold is better marked in L. umbrosa, 
 and the labium is in contact with the preceding 
 whirl. Mr. Lea gives the want of appression 
 in the labium as the distinctive character of his 
 L. exilis; but this character is present in all the 
 specimens figured upon plate 8, except the 
 young, figs. 7, 8. I am indebted to Messrs. 
 Anthony, Conradj and Olmstead, for placing 
 the specimens figured, in my collection. 
 
28 
 
 LIMNEA ATTENUATA, Say. 
 
 PLATE 9. FIGS. 15. 
 
 L. test elongata, tenuissima, diaphana, fragili, acuta: 
 anfractibus 7 planulatis: sutura impressa, obliqua: aper- 
 tura semicircular!; plica columellari impressa. 
 
 SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES. 
 
 LIMNEUS ATTENUATUS, SAY. Disseminator, p. 244, Aug. 
 12th, 1829. Mrs. Say's reprint, p. 23. 
 
 DESCRIPTION. 
 
 SHELL very long and slender, with seven 
 slightly convex whirls, revolving obliquely: 
 suture rather deep: apex suddenly pointed: 
 aperture small and semicircular, sometimes 
 expanded: columellar plait well marked. The 
 young shell does not differ materially from the 
 adult. 
 
 COLOR wood-brown. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. Found by Say 
 in the ditches and ponds about the city of 
 Mexico. 
 
LIMNEA EXPANSA. 29 
 
 OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 " This species is more nearly related to L. 
 reflexus, Nob., than to any other known species 
 of North America; but it is only necessary to 
 compare the two, in order to perceive a wide 
 difference between them. The present is smaller 
 and proportionally more slender, and the spire 
 is more attenuated." Say. 
 
 LIMNEA EXPANSA, Raid. 
 
 PLATE 9. FIGS. 6 8. 
 
 L. testa inflato-conica, tenui, brevi, diaphana: apertimt 
 lata, labro repando: plica columellari profunda. 
 
 SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES. 
 L. EXPANSA, HALD. In this work, October, 1840. 
 
 DESCRIPTION. 
 
 SHELL short, smooth, translucent, and fragile; 
 body whirl inflated: spire as long as the aper- 
 ture, and rapidly attenuated to an acute apex: 
 
30 LIMNEA EXPANSA. 
 
 whirls five, somewhat flattened: suture shallow, 
 but very distinct, aperture effuse: fold on the 
 columella deep and distinct. 
 
 COLOR brownish ochre-yellow. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. Found only in 
 Vermont. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 I owe the opportunity to describe this new 
 species to Dr. Gould, who gave me specimens, 
 and the information that they are from Ver- 
 mont. It differs from L. elodes in having a 
 polished surface, expanded aperture, obsolete 
 lines of growth, translucency, and a deeper 
 fold upon the columella. It cannot be con- 
 founded with any other species. 
 
31 
 
 LIMNEA DESIDIOSA, Say. 
 
 PLATE 10. 
 
 L. test sub-inflata, perforata, tenui, luteft,: spira at- 
 tenuata, apice acuto: anfractibus 5 convexis: sutura valde 
 impressa. 
 
 SYNONYMS AND REFERENCES. 
 
 LIMNEUS DESIDIOSUS, SAY. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. 
 
 ii. p. 169. -Am. Conch., pi. 55, fig. 3. 
 L. OBRUSSA ? SAY. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. v. p. 123. 
 L. ACUTA, LEA. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., (new series,) vol. 
 
 v. pi. 19, fig. 81. 
 L. PHILADELPHIA, LEA. ib. Proceedings, vol. ii. p. 32. 
 
 DESCRIPTION. 
 
 ANIMAL with the foot as long as the two last 
 whirls: tentacles short, broad, and translucent: 
 color light yellowish-grey, dark upon the mid- 
 dle and light upon the edges: surface minutely 
 dotted with whitish, which forms spots between 
 the eyes. 
 
 SHELL somewhat inflated, thin in texture, 
 and translucent: lines of accretion rather coarse: 
 surface occasionally broken by a tendency to 
 
32 LIMNEA DESIDIOSA. 
 
 form irregular facets: spire about as long as 
 the aperture, and rapidly attenuated to an 
 acute point: there are five convex whirls, sepa- 
 rated by a deep suture: body whirl much the 
 largest: aperture wide, generally obtuse poste- 
 riorly; peristome nearly level: labium thick and 
 not appressed anteriorly: colurnellar fold slight, 
 or wanting. 
 
 COLOR light ochraceous, sometimes brownish: 
 polished within; and occasionally white na- 
 creous, or pink, anteriorly. 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. From latitude 
 35 to 45, and from New England inclusive to 
 the Mississippi; inhabiting rivulets and small 
 lakes in great abundance. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 This species is subject to great variation in 
 the form of the shell, but the animals of the 
 slender and the ventricose varieties cannot be 
 distinguished; and the shells approach each 
 other by insensible gradations, as I have 
 ascertained from the examination of several 
 hundred specimens, many of them whilst living. 
 Those represented by figures 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 
 are from a pond of spring water twenty feet in 
 
I, /' it .u: 1 1. 1 s, I.i 
 

 /, I'M It It US. I. S:iy 
 
I'llit.- K 
 
 /. HKl-'l.KX.l. Say. 
 
 Helen tLron del.et co\ 
 
Plate 9 
 
 i :. /. .///'/; .\v. rr.i. 
 
 687, /.-.Y/'./.Y.v.;. Hal.l. 
 
\ 
 
 rielet col 
 
SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 DARIEN, Geo. 
 
 Couper, Hamilton J., Esq. 
 
 PORTLAND, Maine. 
 Mighels, J. W., M. D. 
 
 INeal, John, Esq. 
 
 BERLIN. 
 
 MONMOUTH, Maine. Royal Library. 
 
 True, N. T. 
 
 HAMBURG. 
 
 PROVIDENCE. 
 
 Rhodes, Robert. 
 
 Gates, Elias. 
 
 TROY, A*. F. 
 
 FRANKFORT, Ky. 
 
 Fall, Rev. P. S. 
 
 Perthes & Besser. 
 
 New Species of Shells, published October 5, 1841, 
 by S. S. HALDEMAN. 
 
 Anculosa crassa. Shell conical or globose, ponderous whirls 5, 
 flat or slightly convex: spire exserted: aperture ovate, with a well 
 marked columellar notch: labiutn thick. Color brown. Length 
 f in. HAB. Clinch? R. Tennessee. Differs from A. praerosa by 
 the better developed spire and notch. 
 
 Melania aqualis. Shell thick, short, conical; with 5 flat whirls, 
 ornamented with longitudinal ribs: texture thin, surface smooth, 
 aperture narrow elliptic, as long as the spire. Color brown. ^ in. 
 long. HAB. Nolachucky R. Closely resembles the young of lo 
 spinosa, and differs from the young of Melania nupera as figured by 
 Say, (Am. Conch., pi. 3,) by the want of the concentric elevated 
 lines on the anterior slope. This figure, as I am informed by Mrs. 
 Say, does not represent the young of the principle figures, (Litha&ia 
 nupera,) but another species, which if distinct, will retain the name 
 M. nupera, as it appears to be a true Melania. 
 
 Melania uncialis. Shell pale olivaceous, tnrrited, with 8 or 10 
 slightly convex whirls, the earlier ones of which are strongly cari- 
 nated: lines of growth curved; aperture ovate, with a sinus ante- 
 riorly. 1 inch long. HAB. Beaver creek, N. E. Tennessee. Bears 
 a general resemblance to M. Virginica. As far as I can judge from 
 the description, it must be somewhat like M. Warderiana, Lea. 
 
 Melania si/mmctrica. Shell olivaceous, turrited, with 8 or 9 con- 
 vex whirls, separated by a deep suture: apex carinated anterior to 
 the middle of the whirls, aperture ovate. Length f in. HAB. 
 Roanoke R., Va. Less ponderous than the preceding species, and 
 distinguished from M. Virginica by the carinated apex. 
 
 Melania bdlacrenata. Shell reddish, subulate, whirls 11, marked 
 with a strong carina, and a crenulated line posterior to it. f in. 
 long. HAB. Alabama. Differs from M. bella, Con., by having an 
 oval aperture. 
 
 Limnea vitrea. Shell ovate or conoid, very thin in texture, sur- 
 face smooth and shining, translucent: whirls 4, convex. ^ in. long. 
 More delicate than L. desidiosa, and more ventricose than L. pal- 
 lida. 
 
 Published, Dec. 28/A, 1841. 
 
 Amnicola attenuate. Shell very long and slender, with 6 obliquely 
 revolving, very convex turns, separated by a deep suture: aperture 
 small and ovate, with the peritreme level and continuous. Length 
 i inch. HAB. A spring in Montgomery county, Va. OBS. Very 
 like, but more slender than Cyclostoma lapidaria, which I refer to 
 this genus, as well as C. Cincinnatiensis, Lea; retaining for this 
 species Mr. Anthony's specific name Say an a. 
 
 Amnicola pallida. Shell very pale ochraceous, umbilicated, about 
 the size of A. lustrica: aperture oval, with the labium very closely 
 appressed to the body whirl, so as to render the junction nearly 
 invisible. HAB. Middlebury, Vermont, Prof. Adams. 
 
Amnicola galbana has the same characters as the preceding 
 species, except that the shell is chalky, the labium thicker, and not 
 quite so well appressed, and the spire proportionally longer. Fossil 
 in the tertiary deposit of Sussex county, N. J. 
 
 Amnicola Sayana, Anthony. Shell conic, more lengthened in 
 proportion than the preceding species: diaphanous, umbilicated, 
 aperture suborbicular, with but a small portion of the labium ap- 
 pressed. Rather smaller, and more slender than A. limosa. 
 
 Melania gracilis, vel pulchclla, Anthony. Shell conical, with 
 5 6 flat whirls; apex truncated, aperture pyriform, texture light, 
 color greenish-brown, with one or two light revolving bands. HAB. 
 Stark county, Ohio. Size of M. proxima, to which it bears some 
 resemblance. 
 
 Melania approxima. Shell lengthened, conical, tapering gradual- 
 ly to the truncated apex, upper whirls carinated, aperture ovate, 
 tinted with pink; color light brown, with two dark reddish approxi- 
 mate narrow revolving lines. HAB. Tennessee. ^ inch long. 
 
 Mdanio, intersita. Shell conic, plicated, with 4 convex whirls; 
 aperture elliptical, color olivaceous. Length ^ inch. HAB. Swan 
 creek, Indiana, Mrs. Say. Allied to M. comma. 
 
 Physa globosa. Shell globose, translucent, spire very short and 
 rounded: aperture very wide, fold well marked: whirls three. 
 Length *- in. HAB. Nolachucky river. 
 
 Amnicola pallida. Shell with the form and size of A. iiistrica, but 
 with a less distinct suture; umbilicated; labium very closely ap- 
 pressed to the body whirl. HAB. Middlebury, Vermont, Professor 
 Adams. 
 
 CORRECTIONS. 
 
 Add L. sericatus? Zeigler, to the synonyms of L. catascopium. 
 
 Limnea page 8, for fig. 9 read fig. 11. 
 
 For Paludina carinata, Val., in number 2, read P. multicarinata, 
 and let Swainion's Paludina carinata become P. unicarinata, until 
 these authors can determine which has priority. 
 
 Paludina, p. 22, note, for urcea read urceus. 
 
 CIRCULAR. 
 
 It is intended that this work shall embrace all our species hitherto 
 described by American and European authors; and as the geographi- 
 cal distribution is a matter of great importance, and one which has 
 not been sufficiently noted, the author will be greatly indebted to 
 those who take an interest in this subject, if they will forward him 
 catalogues of the species, or specimens of the univalve shells found 
 in the streams with which they may be acquainted. 
 
 Descriptions of the animals and their habits would also be very 
 useful; and for any assistance given, acknowledgments will be 
 made. 
 
 Communications may be addressed to the author, at Marietta or 
 Columbia, Pennsylvania, or to the care of Mr. DOBSON, Phila. 
 
 *** No copies of this work will be issued with uncoloured plates, 
 or with duplicate plates, coloured and uncoloured. 
 
MONOGRAPH 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SPECIES OF THE GENUS PUPA 
 FOUND IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 BY AUGUSTUS A. GOULD, M. D. 
 
 [Extracted from the Boston Journal of Natural History, Vol. III. 395, and Vol. 
 IV. 350. Boston, 1843.] 
 
 Having recently become interested in the examination of 
 the American species of the genus PUPA, I have found very 
 great confusion and uncertainty prevailing in regard to them. 
 The objects themselves are minute and difficult to examine ; 
 the number of teeth, which is one of the most important 
 specific characters, varies at different stages of maturity ; and, 
 what is still more unfortunate, Mr. Say, who gave names to 
 all the species which have been hitherto described, gave us no 
 figures in illustration of his descriptions. These are the 
 sources of confusion, and hence I have received, from our 
 best conchologists, a single species under four of the six names 
 that Mr. Say applied to his different species. 
 
 It would be well, if, in writing descriptions, the teeth were 
 arranged as primary and secondary, indicating by the primary 
 those teeth which are always present when there are any, and 
 by secondary those which are superadded in the progress of 
 growth, or at maturity. Such a division would be applicable 
 in regard to almost every species. 
 
 I have collected every specimen of PUPA which I could find 
 in the cabinets of Boston, and have received numbers from 
 Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Ohio, and I have carefully ex- 
 amined every individual. By means of a stationary micro- 
 scope of moderate power, and by employing a convex lens in 
 such a way as to bring the rays of the sun to a focus within 
 the aperture of the shell, I have been enabled to obtain a fair 
 view of the deeply seated teeth, 
 i 
 
I have made out some of Mr. Say's species with certainty, 
 and have become satisfied with regard to others in my pos- 
 session, that they were unknown to him. Two or three of his 
 species I have not yet seen, or have failed to identify them. 
 
 It is hoped that the accompanying figures may put an end 
 to further doubts as to the species which they represent ; and, 
 by the aid of conchological friends, I may hereafter be ena- 
 bled to present figures of the remaining un-illustrated species. 
 I would especially request of those who have species not here 
 described, that they would favor me with the loan of them, or 
 send me descriptions or figures of them. 
 
 PUPA CORTICARIA. 
 Plate III. fig. 19. 
 
 P. testa, albida, sub-cylindracea, obtusa ; anfractibus quinque ; apertura sub-orbic- 
 ulari ; labio dente unico prope angulum externum 3 sub-dentato ad angulum inter- 
 num ; labro revoluto. 
 
 " Odostomia corticaria. Shell dextral, cylindrical, obtuse 
 at the apex ; whorls five, not perceptibly wrinkled or striate. 
 Aperture sub -orbicular, lip reflected ; a single tooth on the 
 pillar lip, near the outer angle ; inner angle with an angular 
 projection resembling a second tooth, sometimes obsolete. 
 
 " Length about a tenth of an inch. 
 
 " Very common under the bark of trees near the earth, and 
 resembles Turbo muscorum of authors." (SAY, in Nicholson's 
 Encyclop. (Amer. ed.) article Conchology, pi. IV. fig. 5.) 
 
 The shell, when fresh, is transparent, and of a spermaceti- 
 color ; but it is usually found opaque and chalky. All the 
 specimens I have seen were from Ohio. Mr. Earle, however, 
 in his " Catalogue of Massachusetts Land Shells," enumerates 
 this as a native. The shell, which has hitherto borne this 
 name in the Society's Cabinet, is PUPA contracta. Mr. Say 
 compares it with T. muscorum, of Montagu, not Linnaeus, 
 (P. umbilicata, DRAP.,) to which it does not bear a very strong 
 resemblance. He states it to be very common under the bark 
 of trees ; but it certainly is very rare in collections. 
 
PUPA EXIGUA. 
 Plate III. fig. 20. 
 
 P. testa minutissima, albida, oblongo-ovata, sub-acuminata ; anfractibus quinque 
 convexis; labio per-obliquo, prope angulum internum dentato; columella sub-den- 
 tata ; labro revoluto. 
 
 " Shell dextral, tapering, oblong, with minute grooved lines ; 
 apex obtuse ; whorls five ; suture deeply impressed ; labium 
 bidentate, superior tooth situate rather beneath the middle of 
 the lip, inferior tooth small, placed on the columella ; labrum 
 mutic reflected, not flattened ; umbilicus distinct. 
 
 " Length more than one twentieth of an inch. 
 
 " This is the smallest species I have seen. Its aperture re- 
 sembles that of P. (Cary'chium) corticaria, but the superior 
 tooth of the labium of that shell is situate much nearer to the 
 superior termination of the labrum than the corresponding 
 tooth of this diminutive species. It is probably a CARY'CHIUM." 
 (SAY. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. II. 375.) 
 
 Mr. Say found it near Philadelphia. Professor Adams has 
 obtained it near Middlebury, Vt., and it has been collected 
 in various regions in Ohio, by Dr. Kirtland, Dr. Ward, and 
 Mr. J. G. Anthony. A few specimens have been found under 
 moist boards in Cambridge. 
 
 It is remarkable for its minuteness, its tapering form, and 
 its very oblique, oval aperture. The similarity between it and 
 the Turbo cary'chium, of Montagu (Test. Brit. 339. SuppL 
 pi. XXII. fig. 2,) which is the Cary'chium minimum of Leach 
 and Pfeiffer, is almost perfect. 
 
 PUPA CONTRACTA. 
 Plate III. fig. 22. 
 
 P. testa alba, ventricosa, obtusa ; anfractibus quinque convexis ; apertura sub-tri- 
 angulari, expansa ; labio dente magno excavate ; labro revoluto, sinuato ; dente 
 altero in faucibus profundo. 
 
 " Shell dextral, short, sub-ovate, white ; apex obtuse ; 
 whorls five ; umbilicus distinct ; aperture irregularly orbicular, 
 complete, the lamina of the labium being elevated above the 
 
surface of the preceding whorl, and joining the extremities of 
 the labia; labium with a large, elongated, prominent tooth, 
 which is concave on the side towards the labrum ; labrum bi- 
 deritate ; a large tooth or fold far within the throat, caused by 
 the fold of the umbilicus ; throat much contracted by the 
 large tooth of the labrum into the form of a horse-shoe. 
 
 " Total length less than one tenth of an inch. 
 
 "This is a short, wide species, sufficiently distinct from 
 others, and readily distinguished by the lamina of the labrum 
 being much elevated, and by the magnitude of the tooth of 
 the labium. This species probably belongs to the genus 
 CARY'CHIUM." (SAY. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc., II. 374.) 
 
 Mr. Say found it in Virginia. It has since proved to be a 
 wide-spread species, and has been found in all the northern 
 range of States, wherever it has been sought for. When 
 fresh, it seems to be invested with a glutinous pubescence, by 
 which particles of earth become entangled and partially con- 
 ceal it. 
 
 ' PUPA ARM/FERA. 
 Plate III. fig. 10. 
 
 P. testa grisea, cylindracea, obtusa ; anfractibus sex planulatis ; apertura semi- 
 ovali, dentibus quinque armata, quorum unus emarginatus labio, unus ad columellam 
 affixus. 
 
 " Shell dextral, oblong-oval or somewhat obtusely-fusiform ; 
 suture distinct ; whorls six, obsoletely wrinkled ; aperture lon- 
 gitudinally sub-ovate ; exterior lip reflected, but not flattened, 
 interrupted above by the penultimate whorl, and with five 
 teeth, of which the superior one and that which precedes the 
 basal one are smallest ; labrum with an undulated lamelliform 
 tooth, its anterior extremity little elevated, but elongated, so 
 as almost to join the superior extremity of the exterior lip. 
 
 " Length three twentieths of an inch. 
 
 " Very distinct from P. corticdria, in being a much larger 
 and proportionally more dilated shell, and, with that species, 
 seems to belong more properly to the genus CARY'CHIUM of 
 Miiller and Ferussac." (SAY. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc., II. 
 162.) 
 
Mr. Say found it in upper Missouri. It is very abundant in 
 Ohio, but I have not heard of any specimens found on this 
 side of the Alleghanies. 
 
 He notices, that sometimes one and sometimes the two 
 smallest teeth are wanting. Indeed I have found only one 
 specimen in which the little basal tooth is present ; while 
 there is very frequently an additional tooth on the outer lip, 
 posterior to the others. If we except P. placida, a somewhat 
 doubtful species, it is the largest Pupa of the United States, 
 and is not likely to be confounded with any other. 
 
 PUPA PROCERA. 
 Plate III. fig. 12. 
 
 P. testa cylindracea, elongata, apice obtusa ; anfractibus sex, convexis, obliqud 
 striatis ; apertura semi-ovali, dentibus sex armata, quorum posterior emarginatus. 
 
 Shell elongated, ovate-cylindrical, obtuse at apex, of a 
 brownish horn-color ; whorls six, convex, the three anterior 
 ones of nearly equal diameter, and the three posterior ones 
 forming a very obtuse apex ; suture deep ; aperture semi- 
 oval, rather longer than broad ; lip brown, somewhat incum- 
 bent at the middle of the right side, unequally reflected, not 
 flattened, and curving at an abrupt angle before it joins the 
 preceding whorl ; throat armed with five teeth ; one on the 
 middle of the transverse lip is compressed, stretching towards 
 the junction of the outer lip, and emarginate at the middle, 
 sometimes even bicuspid ; a conical one on the pillar a little 
 below its junction with the transverse lip, and sometimes 
 there is a small denticle at the base of this ; a smaller one at 
 the anterior termination of the pillar; a small one, often 
 wanting or inconspicuous without a large magnifier, about the 
 middle of the outer lip ; and the fifth, broad and considerably 
 elevated, seen at the very depth of the cavity of the aperture 
 as we look down into it, opposite to the tooth of the trans- 
 verse lip ; umbilicus small and open. 
 
 Length ^ of an inch ; breadth 5 X 5 of an inch. 
 
 This very distinct species was sent to me by Professor E. 
 
Foreman, of Baltimore, who seems to have found it plenti- 
 fully. It comes nearer to P. rupicola, than to any of Mr. 
 Say's species. 
 
 PUPA MILIUM. 
 
 Plate III. fig. 23. 
 
 P. testa minutissima, ovali, castanea ; anfractibus quatuor convexis, oblique stria- 
 tis ; apertura cordata, dentibus sex, compressis armata, quorum duobus labio affixis. 
 
 Shell minute, of a globosely-oval form, color a light-chest- 
 nut; whorls four or somewhat more, obviously wrinkled 
 obliquely, rather convex ; apex bluntly rounded ; suture deep ; 
 aperture half the width of the last whorl, heart-shaped, the 
 apex being at the left posterior angle ; the transverse margin 
 is nearly direct ; the outer lip is scolloped by an indentation 
 of the lip ; the remainder of the margin is regularly arcuated ; 
 lip white, slightly everted ; throat with six teeth, two of which 
 are on the transverse lip, equidistant ; one, with a tubercle at 
 its base, is on the middle of the columella, and nearly at right 
 angles with the preceding, and is the largest ; a fourth is on 
 the indenture of the outer lip, directed between the two on 
 the transverse lip ; and two smaller ones, more retired within 
 the shell, are equidistant between the two last-mentioned ; 
 umbilicus large and deep. Length less than ^ of an inch ; 
 breadth ^ of an inch. 
 
 This is the most minute species I have yet seen ; even 
 more so than P. exigua. In size and outline it may be com- 
 pared with P. vertigo, DRAP., (Vertigo pusilla of other 
 authors) of Europe ; but that is a reversed shell. The teeth 
 are all distinct, long, compressed, and very sharp. I first 
 discovered it at Oak Island, Chelsea, on a warm, damp day, 
 in November, 1839, crawling upon fallen leaves, in company 
 with Bulimus lubricus. Professor Adams has since found it 
 in Vermont. It, doubtless, has a wide range, but its minute- 
 ness renders it difficult to be detected. 
 
PUPA SIMPLEX. 
 Plate III. fig. 2t. 
 
 P. testa minima, cylindracea, obtusa, Isevi ; anfractibus sex, subplanulatis ; aper- 
 tura orbiculari, edentula. 
 
 Shell minute, the two anterior thirds cylindrical, surmount- 
 ed by a rapidly formed, blunt apex ; light chestnut-colored. 
 Whorls five, moderately convex, separated by a well-im- 
 pressed suture, quite smooth ; aperture circular, excepting 
 a slight encroachment by the preceding whorl ; lip simple, 
 sharp, slightly everted on the left side, and partially hiding 
 a small umbilicus. No trace of a tooth has been detected. 
 Length ^ of an inch ; breadth ^ of an inch. 
 
 The only locality where this has been found is a small 
 grove, a little northward of Fresh Pond, in Cambridge. In 
 this place numerous specimens have been found by myself 
 and others, at every season from May to November. They 
 live among the decaying leaves, in company with HELIX 
 linedta, labyrinthica, chersina, and indentdta. Having been 
 gathered in spring and autumn, we may safely suppose some 
 of them to have been adult ; yet none of them exhibit any 
 trace of a tooth. Its circular aperture readily distinguishes it 
 from all our other species. It is nearly identical, however, 
 with P. edentula, DRAP. (Vertigo nitida, FERUS.) 
 
 f PUPA BADIA. 
 
 Plate III. fig. 18. 
 
 " P. testa parva, rubro-fusca, cylindracea ; apice perobtusa , anfractibus septem, 
 convexis ; apertura orbiculari, unidenlata ; labro contracto, subrefiexo." 
 
 " Shell small, reddish brown, cylindrical, very obtusely ta- 
 pering in the two upper whorls ; whorls seven, moderately 
 convex, with a well impressed suture ; aperture orbicular, its 
 plane nearly parallel with the axis of the shell, less than one 
 third of the length of the shell, with the margin slightly re- 
 flected, and the sub-margin contracted, with a single rather 
 small tooth on the penultimate whorl ; umbilicus moderate. 
 
8 
 
 "Length, .14 inch; breadth, .07 inch; diameter of the aper- 
 ture, .045 inch." (ADAMS, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. III. 331) 
 
 This species was discovered at Crown Point, N. Y., by 
 Professor G. W. Benedict, of the University of Vermont. I 
 have also received it from the vicinity of Troy, N. Y. It is 
 the largest of the North American species, except P. armifera, 
 from which it is at once distinguished by its dark mahogany 
 color. 
 
 It is almost precisely like P. marginata, DRAP., BRARD, &c. 
 the P. muscorum, LAM. It belongs to the genus PUPILLA, 
 Leach. See Turton's Manual, (Gray's edition,) 196, pi. VII. 
 fig. 79. See also, Adams, Catalogue of Mollusca, in Thomp- 
 son's History of Vermont. 
 
 In the preceding part of this paper I remarked, that there 
 were two or three described species of the genus Pupa, which 
 I had not then seen, or had failed to identify them with their 
 descriptions. During the long interval which has since 
 elapsed, through the kindness of my friends I have succeeded 
 in obtaining all of them. These I shall now proceed to de- 
 scribe, and also to communicate such facts respecting the spe- 
 cies previously noticed, as a more extended observation has 
 disclosed. 
 
 PUPA OVATA. 
 Plate XVI. figs. 7, 8. 
 
 P. ovata, umbilicata, castanea ; anfractibus quinque, convexis ; apertura subcor- 
 data, dentibus 5 ad 9 lamellosis armata, quorum 1-3 postice, duo ad columellam, 
 2-5 ad labium inflexum adnatis. 
 
 " Shell dextral, subovate, brown ; apex obtuse ; whorls five, 
 glabrous ; suture not very deeply impressed ; body whorl in- 
 dented near and upon the labrum ; aperture semioval ; labium 
 five toothed, of which three are situate on the transverse por- 
 tion of the lip, parallel to each other, equidistant, the superior 
 and inferior ones being small, the latter sometimes obsolete, 
 the intermediate one lamelliform, prominent, and the two 
 
other ones situate on the columella, approximate, extending 
 at right angles to the three preceding ones, the superior (infe- 
 rior ?) one oblique and smaller ; labrum reflected but not flat- 
 tened, bidentate, teeth lamelliform, prominent ; umbilicus 
 distinct. 
 
 Length less than fa inch, breadth nearly ^ inch. 
 
 The smallest teeth of the labium are sometimes obsolete." 
 (SAY, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. II. 375.) See also ADAMS, Cat- 
 alogue of Mollusca, in Thompson's Hist, of Vermont, and Sil- 
 Uman's Journ. XL. p. 271. 
 
 An opportunity having been afforded for a careful examina- 
 tion of the authentic specimens of this species placed in the 
 Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia 
 by Mr. Say, and also of his Pupa modesta, the latter proves to 
 be merely a specimen of P. ovata, with the lip somewhat 
 fractured, by which the aperture has received a somewhat 
 modified form (fig. 8) ; and this circumstance has been the 
 source of no little embarrassment. Mr. Say's description is 
 as follows : 
 
 P. modesta. " Shell suboval, minutely wrinkled ; apex 
 obtuse ; whorls six ; umbilicus distinct ; aperture obliquely 
 subovate ; labrum with a prominent, compressed, sernioval 
 tooth, equidistant from the extremities of the labrum, and a 
 somewhat conic one rather below the middle of the columella ; 
 labrum not inflected, joining the preceding whorl at its upper 
 extremity with a curve, bidentate, lower tooth placed opposite 
 to that of the middle of the labium, the other smaller and 
 placed a little above. Length 2 3 5 inch." (SAY, Long's Se- 
 cond Expedition, II. 260, pi. 15, fig. 5.) See also GOULD'S 
 Inverteb. of Massachusetts, 188, fig. 119. 
 
 This species is constant in its external characters, but is 
 somewhat variable in its aperture. It is seldom that three 
 teeth are found on the transverse lip, the tooth on the left be- 
 ing almost always, and that on the right being frequently 
 wanting. Sometimes there is a minute tooth at the base of 
 the aperture, and sometimes a third tooth on the posterior 
 part of the outer lip. It is more ventricose than any other 
 2 
 
10 
 
 American species, and of a darker color. It is shining, but 
 distinctly marked with longitudinal wrinkles. The inflection 
 of the outer lip is such as to render the aperture heart-shaped, 
 and the flexure extends to a considerable distance round 
 towards the back of the shell. Its true dimensions are, 
 length ^ inch, breadth ^ inch. 
 
 It lives in damp places, around the borders of ponds, or in 
 rich, moist fields under fragments of board, sticks, &c. Mr. 
 Say found his ovata in Pennsylvania and his modesta in the 
 Northwest Territory. It is common about Boston, and I have 
 received it from near Portsmouth, N. H., from Troy, N. Y., 
 from Worcester County, Md., and from Jacksonsborough, 
 S. C. ; and Professor Adams found it near Middlebury, Vt., 
 and Dr. J. W. Mighels near Portland, Me. 
 
 The animal is of a dark claret color above, lighter beneath ; 
 tentacles two, remarkably clavate or pestle-shaped ; the front 
 of the foot is trilobate, the central lobe being very small, and 
 there is a constriction behind the two lateral ones. 
 
 PUPA GOULDII. 
 
 PI. XVI. Fig. 9. 
 
 " Testa minut^., ovato- cylindrica, sub-castanea ; anfractibus pluribusquam qua- 
 tuor ; apice obtuso ; apertura subcordata, bilobata, dentibus quinque armata ; labro 
 subreflexo." 
 
 " Animal with two tentacles only, black above ; foot gray, 
 short posteriorly. Shell light chestnut, cylindrical ovate ; 
 whorls between four and five, rather ventricose, the last occu- 
 pying nearly half the length of the axis ; apex obtuse ; aper- 
 ture lateral, composed of two unequal curves, meeting in the 
 centre of the outer lip, with five prominent white teeth, viz. : 
 one upon the transverse margin, two upon the umbilical mar- 
 gin, and two upon the labial margin ; lip thickened, not re- 
 flected ; umbilicus a little open." (BINNEY, in Proceedings 
 of the Boston Soc. Nat. History, p. 105, March 15, 1843.) 
 
 This very distinct species is unusually constant in its char- 
 acters. Its shape may be more properly called elliptical. In 
 size it is intermediate between P. ovata and P. milium, ap- 
 
11 
 
 preaching more nearly to the latter in form and color. In 
 adult specimens I have never found any variation in the num- 
 ber or situation of the teeth. At a little distance back of the 
 outer lip, and answering to the two teeth within, are seen two 
 indentations, showing that the parts within are folds rather 
 than teeth ; and this is very plainly seen to be the case in 
 young specimens. Its length is about ^ inch, breadth 2 \ inch. 
 It was first sent to me by Dr. W. Newcomb, of Troy, N. Y., 
 and subsequently by Prof. E. Foreman, from Baltimore and 
 Worcester County, Md. Since then I have found it, in August, 
 upon sticks and about the roots of trees in the woods in Cam- 
 bridge and Roxbury. It seems to be abundant. 
 
 PUPA PENTODON. 
 
 Plate XVI. fig. 10. 11. 
 
 P. ovato-oblonga, albida, umbilicata ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, apice subacu- 
 ta; apertura oblique semiovata, dentibus 5-8 instructs*, quorum 1-2 postic, 2 ad col- 
 umellam, 2-5 ad labrum positis ; labro expanse. 
 
 " Shell dextral, subovate, whitish horn-color ; apex obtuse ; 
 whorls five, glabrous, convex ; suture not very deeply im- 
 pressed ; aperture semioval ; labrum two-toothed, of which a 
 single very prominent one is on the middle of the transverse 
 labium, and the other remote, much smaller, and placed on 
 the basal angle of the columella ; labrum regularly arcuated, 
 tridentate, tooth nearest the base very small and placed near 
 the smaller tooth of the columella ; the two others larger, sub- 
 equal ; umbilicus distinct. Length less than ^ inch. 
 
 Lower tooth of the labrum sometimes obsolete. 
 
 Animal, foot white, head and neck, as far as the mantle, 
 black." (SAY, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. II. 376.) 
 
 This is the most variable of all our species. While there 
 is no doubt as to this being the shell intended by Mr. Say as 
 his pentodon, it is unfortunate that he should have selected so 
 inappropriate a name, inasmuch as the shell is never found 
 with five teeth except in an immature state, when the number 
 is even reduced to four. It is nevertheless true that five of 
 the teeth are constant, viz. : one upon the transverse lip, two 
 
12 
 
 on the columella and two on the outer lip. Then there is 
 sometimes an additional small one on the transverse lip, to the 
 left of the constant one ; and the teeth on the outer lip vary 
 in many ways, as may be best exhibited by the following ta- 
 ble of varieties which I have observed, intended to represent 
 the teeth in succession as they occur, beginning at the outer 
 posterior angle and going round to the left. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ] 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 By this table it appears that there may be as many as even 
 eleven teeth, though I have never seen more than eight on 
 one individual. Of the two teeth which are shown by this 
 table to be constant on the outer lip, the largest is situated 
 nearly opposite the tooth on the transverse lip, and the other 
 less than half the distance between it and the posterior angle. 
 Such remarkable deviations have led to the proposal of two 
 new species which may with propriety be noticed, and may be 
 considered as the two extremes of the varieties, viz. : 
 
 P. Tappaniana, ADAMS, a name adopted by him from the 
 manuscripts of the late Dr. Ward of Roscoe, Ohio, and de- 
 scribed in a supplementary sheet to the 40th volume of Silli- 
 man's Journal, and afterwards in Thompson's History of Ver- 
 mont. The finest examples of the species come under this 
 variety. They are such as occur in Ohio, of a very light 
 color, quite translucent, without epidermis, and with the lip 
 distinct and white. It is 3 3 inch in length, and about half as 
 broad, fig. 10. 
 
 P. curvidens, GOULD, (Inverteb. of Massachusetts, 189, fig. 
 120) is about one seventh smaller, has a very thin, greenish 
 epidermis, and generally eight teeth, and the large one on the 
 transverse lip decidedly curved to the left, (fig. 11.) Such are 
 specimens usually found in Massachusetts ; and though in 
 
13 
 
 size, exterior, and armature they are so different from the 
 Ohio specimens, yet as I have seen so many intervening 
 varieties, I think this form should be abandoned as a species. 
 
 Notwithstanding all these discrepancies, there is a certain 
 aspect about the shell which enables one to distinguish it 
 without much difficulty. Its ovate form, its very small aper- 
 ture, with the transverse portion so oblique that the inner lip 
 is very short in proportion to the outer one, will serve to de- 
 termine the species with a very small magnifying power. 
 
 Mr. Say found his specimens in Pennsylvania ; it is not in- 
 frequent in the vicinity of Boston, under fallen leaves in shady 
 woods ; Professor Adams found it near Middlebury, Vt. ; Dr. 
 Newcomb found it near Troy, N. Y. ; it is one of the most 
 common species in Ohio, and has been sent me by Dr. Fore- 
 man from near Baltimore, and from Jacksonborough. S. C. 
 Thus, with the exception of P. contracta it has been observed 
 over a wider region than any other species. 
 
 PUPA RUPICOLA. 
 
 Plate XVI. fig. 13. 
 
 P. ovato-conica, glabra, albida, umbilicata ; apice subacuta ; anfractibus sex con- 
 vexis : apertura obliqua, semi-elliptica, dentibus quinque lamellosis armata, quorum 
 unus postice, duo ad columellam, duo ad labium expansum dispositi. 
 
 " Shell dextral, attenuated to an acute apex, white ; suture 
 deeply impressed ; labrum bidentate, superior tooth lamellar, 
 emarginate in the middle, and at the anterior tip uniting with 
 the superior termination of the labrum ; inferior tooth placed 
 on the columella, and extending nearly at a right angle with 
 the preceding ; labrum tridentate, teeth placed somewhat 
 alternately with those of the labium ; inferior tooth situated at 
 the base and immediately beneath the inferior tooth of the la- 
 bium. Length ^ inch." 
 
 About the size of P. corticaria, and considerably resembles 
 that species, but is sufficiently distinguished by the circum- 
 stance of its gradually decreasing in diameter from the body 
 whorl to its tip, and in the character of the mouth it is widely 
 distinct. (SAY, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. II. 163.) 
 
14 
 
 Found by Mr. Say in Florida, and sent to me by Dr. Ra- 
 venel from Charleston, S. C., and by Dr. Foreman from Jack- 
 sonborough and Manchester, S. C., and from Savannah and 
 Whitmarsh's Island, Georgia. It seems to be a southern 
 species ; and although I have very often received shells from 
 Ohio under this name, yet no one of them has actually proved 
 to be this species. 
 
 I have met with little or no variety in this species, and the 
 above description can scarcely be amended, except to say that 
 the teeth are compressed, and protracted for a considerable 
 distance within the aperture. The place of the two teeth or 
 folds on the outer lip is marked externally by two prolonged 
 indentations. The distinctive marks between this species and 
 P. corticaria are clearly given ; but it has a much closer re- 
 semblance, in its armature especially, to P.procera. It is, 
 however, distinguished by its less cylindrical form, its lighter 
 color, its smoother surface, its white instead of brown lip ; the 
 tooth on the transverse lip is less twisted, and that which is at 
 the base is not so remote or so transverse in position. Its 
 spire is also at least half a whorl shorter. 
 
 PUPA SERVILIS. 
 Plate XVI. fig. 14. 
 
 Testa ovato-elongata, glabra, rufescens, umbilicata ; anfractibus quinque convexis ; 
 apertura semi-elliptica, dentibus quinque armata, quorum unus contortus postice, 
 unus ad basin, duo ad labium affixi ; labro reflexo. 
 
 Shell elongated ; tapering to a somewhat acute apex, of a 
 pale chestnut or horn color ; whorls five and sometimes some- 
 what more, very delicately wrinkled ; suture well defined. 
 Aperture semi-oval, nearly in the axis of the shell, the trans- 
 verse portion slightly oblique, and the two extremities of the 
 lip very nearly meeting behind. Revolving under the middle 
 of the transverse lip is a contorted, lamellar tooth which arises 
 near the junction of the outer lip ; on the middle of the col- 
 umella is a large conical tooth ; at the base is a small tooth, 
 then a third large tooth, placed so as to form a regular tripod 
 with the other two, and above this is a fifth inconspicuous 
 tooth. Lip slightly everted, not flattened, sometimes a little in- 
 flected at the right, umbilicus small. Length, ^ breadth ^ inch. 
 
15 
 
 At first sight this species would be referred either to P. ru- 
 picola or P. procera. But a closer examination shows that 
 while it has the pale brown lip of the latter, it is a shorter and 
 much more ventricose shell ; and while the number and ar- 
 rangement of the teeth are as in rupicola, the latter has a 
 much more slender form, the aperture is more oblique and less 
 elongated, the apex is obtuse, and the lip is white. 
 
 Notwithstanding the distinctions mentioned above, perhaps 
 most observers, on ordinary inspection, would maintain that 
 these three were merely local varieties of the same species. I 
 will add, therefore, that by means of an excellent microscope, 
 to which a camera lucida is attached, I have made accurate 
 figures three inches in length, which render the differences in 
 form unequivocal. 
 
 Found at Santa Cruz by Dr. R. E. Griffiths, and near Ma- 
 tanzas by John Bartlett, Esq. 
 
 I have inserted this species here, although it cannot strictly 
 be considered as belonging to the United States, because of 
 its proximity to the States, and more especially because it 
 helps to illustrate two of our species. 
 
 PUPA PALLAX. 
 Plate XVI. fig. 16. 
 
 P. turrita, glabra, pallide Castanet, umbilicata ; anfractibus sex convexis ; apertura 
 obliqua, subrotundata^ edentula ; labro albo, valde reflexo, striato. 
 
 " Cyclostoma marginata. Shell turreted, pale horn color 
 or dusky, obsoletely wrinkled across ; suture rather deeply 
 impressed ; volutions six ; aperture suboval, truncate trans- 
 versely above by the penultimate whorl, nearly one third the 
 length of the shell ; labium nearly transverse, color of the ex- 
 terior part of the shell ; labrum equally and widely reflected, 
 thick, white ; umbilicus distinct. Length | inch." (SAY, 
 Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. II. 172.) 
 
 This shell is clearly not a Cyclostoma, and on that account, 
 as Mr. Say suggests, the specific name must be changed. As 
 the shell afterwards described by him under the name of Pupa 
 fallax (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. V. 121.) is only a finely devel- 
 
16 
 
 oped shell of this species, that name may well be retained for 
 the species. It was therefore adopted in the Report on the 
 Invertebrata of Massachusetts, p. 192, fig. 123. Professor 
 Adams also applied to it the specific term albilabris, in Silli- 
 man's Journal, XL. 271, and in his Catalogue of the Mollusca 
 of Vermont in Thompson's History, a name suggested by the 
 late Dr. Ward. Some doubt still remains as to whether it be- 
 longs to the genus Pupa, or to Bulimus, as the animal has not 
 been described. 
 
 This shell is so well known as to require no more particular 
 illustration. The lip, however, is not often equally reflected, 
 but is much narrowed near the junction of the outer portion 
 with the body whorl. There are also two or three deeply cut 
 lines running parallel and near to its margin. 
 
 Mr. Say found his specimens in the North-West Territory, 
 and it is not uncommon in Massachusetts, Vermont, New 
 York, Maryland and South Carolina. 
 
 Its foreign analogue is P. umbilicdta, Drap. 
 
 Having recently had an opportunity, by means of one of 
 Chevalier's large microscopes, of tracing off greatly enlarged 
 figures of these minute shells, with great accuracy, I will now 
 review the species described in the former part of this paper, 
 and notice those points which were inaccurately stated, or 
 which need further illustration, and add such further informa- 
 tion as I may have since obtained respecting them. 
 
 P. CORTICARIA. The single tooth which Mr. Say describes 
 as being on the pillar lip, should read on the transverse lip, to 
 correspond with his subsequent descriptions of species. In 
 the figure (Vol. III. pi. 3, fig. 19,) the body whorl is repre- 
 sented too long. I have received it from Worcester county, 
 Maryland. 
 
 P. EXIGUA. In the figure of this shell (Vol. III. pi. 3, fig. 
 20,) the body whorl is represented proportionally too large. 
 Its length is .08 inch. The only additional locality from 
 which I have received it is Troy, N. Y. 
 
 The animal is colorless, and has only two tentacular devel- 
 
17 
 
 oped, which are stout, hyaline, about one third as long as the 
 foot. See Rep. on the Invertebrata of Mass., 191, fig. 122. 
 
 P. CONTRACTA. The aperture, in Vol. III. fig. 22, should 
 be placed much farther to the right. It is probably common 
 in all the States, as I have received specimens from the Island 
 of Cuba. Found about rotten stumps or under stones in 
 moist pastures. See Invertebrata of Mass. 186, fig. 117, and 
 ADAMS, in Thompson's Hist, of Vermont. 
 
 P. MILIUM. The teeth on the outer lip are more properly 
 folds, as indicated by the two elongated indentations on the 
 exterior of the shell corresponding to them. I have a speci- 
 men from Mr. Anthony which he received from Louisiana. 
 See GOULD, Invertebrata of Mass. 187, fig. 118. ADAMS, in 
 Silliman's Journ. Vol. XL. 270, and Thompson's Hist, of Ver- 
 mont. 
 
 P. PROCERA. Both the description and figure of this species 
 are so incorrect that 1 reproduce an accurate figure, (fig. 12.) 
 Its peculiar characters have been noticed under P. rupicola. It 
 has not yet been sent me from any other locality than the 
 vicinity of Baltimore. 
 
 On the cover of the Society's Journal, Vol. IV. No. 1, I 
 indicated a species by the name of P. carindta which I sup- 
 posed to be new. But the examination of another specimen 
 has satisfied me that it was merely an immature or a fractured 
 specimen of P. procera. 
 
 P. ARMIFERA. Professor Adams has found this species 
 plentifully at Crown Point, and some other places near Lake 
 Champlain. I have also received it from Maryland. See 
 also ADAMS, Catalogue of Mollusca in Thompson's Hist, of 
 Vermont. 
 
 P. SIMPLEX. Very few of these shells have as yet been 
 found, and none, that I know of, in any other except the 
 original locality. They are enough, however, to establish the 
 validity of the species. 
 
 P. PLACIDA, Say, proves to be a specimen of Bulimus 
 obscurus, Mull. (B. hordeaceus, Brug.) 
 3 
 
18 
 
 Thus there are at present known, in the United States, 
 thirteen species of this genus. They are remarkable, as com- 
 pared with those found in other countries, for their minute- 
 ness ; the two largest species, armifera and badia, scarcely ex- 
 ceeding in size the smallest of the European species. It is 
 also singular that no species of the allied genus Clausilia, so 
 abundant in Europe and Asia, should have been found, as 
 yet, on the North American continent ; and indeed I am not 
 aware that any shell possessing a true clausium has been found 
 in any part of America. 
 
 The following shell, being figured on the same plate with 
 the preceding, the description of it may be desirable here. 
 
 PUPA LYRATA. 
 PI. XVI. fig. 16. 
 
 Testa parva, plerumque sinistrorsa, castanea, lat umbilicata; anfr. 5 convexis, 
 costulis flexuosis ad 20 concinne clathratis ; apertura sub-orbiculari, campanulata, 
 postice dentibus duobus lamellosis, in faucibus duobus alleris, armata. 
 
 Shell minute, generally reversed, ovate, of a chestnut color ; 
 whorls five, convex, crossed by about twenty delicate, round- 
 ed, flexuous ribs, which give the surface an elegant appear- 
 ance. Spaces between not striated. Aperture somewhat 
 orbicular, the peristome having an inflection posteriorly, 
 against which is a lamellar tooth winding under the trans- 
 verse lip, and another still larger between it and the umbilical 
 region. There is also a thickening at the middle of the outer 
 lip from whence arises a compressed fold which revolves 
 within the aperture, directed between the two teeth on the 
 transverse lip ; and another parallel to this, stretching be- 
 tween the outer anterior and inner posterior angles of the 
 aperture. Umbilicus large and deep. 
 
 Length ^ breadth 5 X D 3 S inch. 
 
 Found at the island of Maui, one of the Sandwich islands. 
 Like most other land shells found there, the volutions seem 
 to be directed right or left indifferently. It is a beautiful 
 shell, and cannot well be confounded with any described 
 species. 
 

 
 I A\( Tl.oTrs nixfutns ANTHONY 9 TOKNATEU^/W///<> .///>//// ADAMS 17ANCYLUS filSCUS ....ADAMS. 
 
 2iiEi.ix mrintctln IOITPA armitfra ....SAY. ISpi'FA tadia _* 
 
 3 PALUUiXA twriniuitirnsis .. HCYCI.AS s/,;mnx .VHAM.N I!) ,;rti,;m.-i SAY. 
 
 4 ANITI. oTi-s Kirt/<iri</,ri!v ,, I^'ITI-A fffeem I.CMI.U lio f.ritiiui *. 
 
 ." ruriittitiix ,, ir.i.YMMvv />,////,/tt AII VMS 1!1 Simplex ROULIX. 
 
 (i I'l.Kruo-roM \ flii'iitii ADAMS 14 iimhilit'titii 22 _ <'i'nfriit'fa....&X 
 
 7 o.uiTiiirM ti-rrhrtili' .. l.'i ri. \\oums ///)/////. , L;."I milinm .GOULD.- 
 
 S.IAMIMX [>rt'/t/trfn ,. l(i rr-f/ix 
 

 PI.] 6 
 
 "tpla,. 5 M. muiutissima,. 10.11 . P. penUidon.. 15 
 
 '/.ijuiifa-. .D coarctata,. 12. .. / 16., 
 
 3..pertenuit. 7.8. P. ovata,. 13. . rupicola,. *7, yj \e?russg.. 
 
 9. .. Gouldii,. 14. . scrvilts. T \ " 
 


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 GENUS THRACIA, LEACH. 
 
 THE THRACIA. 
 
 Generic characters. Shell ovate, oblong, transverse, ine- 
 quivalve ; the beaks strongly recurved, that of the right valve 
 notched to receive that of the opposite side ; the right valve 
 more convex and larger than the left ; the hinge has upon 
 each valve a horizontal and narrow nympheal callosity, which 
 sometimes expands into a spoon-shaped projection, and con- 
 tains an internal ligament, which is prolonged, and slightly issues 
 outwardly into the corselet. Two muscular impressions, the 
 anterior depressed, elongated, contracted towards its middle, 
 and united to the posterior, which is rounded, by a palleal 
 impression, strongly notched at its posterior part. 
 
 Testa ovato-oblonga, transversalis, inaequivalvis ; natibus fortiter recur- 
 vatis, dextrae valvae emarginata nate, quse alterium excipiat ; dextra valva 
 ventricosior majorque sinistra : Cardo variabilis ; in utraque valva callum 
 nymphale, horizontale, angustum, aliquando dilatatum cochleariforme ; 
 Ligamentum internum, externe prominulum. Duae impressiones rauscu- 
 lares; anterior depressa, producta, contracta ad medium, junctaque poste- 
 riori ; posterior rotundata impressione palleali, postice largiter emarginata. 
 
 The animal is oval, thick, enveloped in a very delicate 
 mantle, diaphanous upon its sides, through which is distinctly 
 seen the branchiae and the abdominal mass; the edges are 
 swollen, lobed, and united in almost the whole of the circum- 
 ference, so that they present only three openings ; the first is 
 found at the anterior and lower third of the median line, and 
 Thracia. A 
 
tj GENUSTHRACIA. 
 
 forms a slit for the passage of the foot ; the two others are 
 seen at the posterior part, and give passage to two distinct 
 tubes or tracheae, cylindrical, fleshy, approaching each other 
 towards their origin ; these two tracheae can be extended far 
 out of the shell ; the lower is larger and longer, and serves to 
 supply the branchiae with water: the upper, which is nearer 
 to the hinge, is shorter and straighter ; it serves for the excre- 
 mentitious evacuations ; it is furnished, at its upper and inter- 
 nal extremity, with two small tubercles, formed like teats, and 
 armed with small papillae, whose use is probably to prevent 
 the entrance of small foreign bodies. This trachea has no 
 communication with the lower; it is prolonged, moreover, into 
 the interior of the cavity, where it is continued by a delicate, 
 transparent valve, which extends even to the opening of the 
 anus. These tracheae can be drawn into the portion of the 
 mantle which surrounds them, the covering of which is loose, 
 and gives this part the appearance of a vulva : it is surrounded 
 by a tendinous, solid, and elastic ring ; a similar apparatus 
 exists for the passage of the foot. The abdominal mass 1 is 
 voluminous, and is terminated by a small, oval foot, compress- 
 ed, fringed in form of a crest, and sub-anterior. The branchiae 
 are voluminous, unequal upon the same side, and united in the 
 whole of their length, at the upper surface ; at the lower and 
 internal surface corresponding to this part, they are divided 
 into two, by a very distinct furrow ; they are thick, long and 
 wide, of a slightly oval form at the posterior part, and trun- 
 cated obliquely at the anterior part ; the lower being longer ; 
 the upper is adherent at its middle part in the two anterior 
 thirds near the union of this part with the lower ; this connex- 
 ion is indicated at the upper part by a slight ridge. The 
 posterior third of the two branchiae is floating and free, and is 
 continued as far as the entrance of the siphon. The lamellae 
 are fine and very contiguous, undulated, and a little oblique 
 
 1 In the specimen we have before us, the abdominal mass is very volu- 
 minous, and the ovary is seen beneath its covering. 
 
C; E N U S . T H R A C I A . 3 
 
 from behind, forwards. The mouth is small, transverse, oval ; 
 the lips are simple, and the two pair of labial appendages are 
 straight and elongated. 
 
 The retracting muscle of the trachea of the right side is of 
 an oval form, and is continued upon the abdomen by becoming 
 thin and uniting with the mantle ; that of the left side is of an 
 irregular, oval form, and adheres by its internal surface to a 
 membranous, elastic fold which arises from the internal open- 
 ing of the large trachea, enlarging as it continues, and termi- 
 nates by a semicircle which exceeds by many lines the retrac- 
 tor muscle of that trachea ; there, it joins the mantle. This 
 apparatus, so singular and so remarkable, does not exist in any 
 other bivalve mollusk at present known. It is supposed that 
 the animal, by contracting it, employs it to throw out the 
 water in the cavity of the trachea with more force. 
 
 Leach first established this genus ; several species were al- 
 ready known, but were placed by some authors among the MY^J. 
 Lately, this genus has been better observed, and Deshayes, 
 considering it as a type, has established many others, which he 
 has united in a single family, under the name of Osteodeme. 
 The shells which belong to this genus so much resemble the 
 MY.E, the ANATIN^E and the PERIPLOM.E, that it is very difficult 
 not to admit it into the family Myaria of Lamarck, for it ap- 
 pears to make the step from the Mactraceae to this last family. 
 They have also much resemblance by their exterior form, which 
 is inequivalve, to the CORBUL^E. Their shell is generally quite 
 thin ; the valves are united together by an internal ligament 
 placed in the spoon-shaped cavities, where these exist; the liga- 
 ment extends slightly into the corselet ; the valves gape only at 
 the posterior side. The two muscular impressions which they 
 present interiorly, are unequal, the anterior is elongated and nar- 
 row towards the middle, and the posterior is rounded ; they are 
 united by a palleal impression pretty deeply notched posteriorly. 
 
 Deshayes has given such accurate descriptions of several 
 species of this genus, that we prefer to borrow from him, adding 
 only some new observations. 
 
4 GENUS THRACIA. 
 
 1. THRACIA CORBULOIDES, DESK AYES. The Corbula-form- 
 ed Thracia 
 
 (Collect. MASS.) MONTAGU, pi. 1, fig. I. 
 PI. II, %. 1. 
 
 Th. testa ovato-transversa, grisea, incequivalvi, insequilatera, bisinuata, 
 umbonibus magnis, inferiore emarginato. 
 
 Shell ovate, oblong, transverse, very inequivalve, inequi- 
 lateral, very much inflated, marked with irregular lines of 
 increase, entirely white, and covered with a grayish brown 
 epidermis ; the beaks of the valves very large, protuberant, 
 cordiforrn ; the right valve, which is the larger, has its beak 
 notched at its summit to receive the beak of the left valve. 
 The cardinal edge is delicate ; it presents upon its posterior 
 side a nympha, which projects within the valves, and which 
 receives a ligament partly internal and partly external. The 
 anterior extremity of the shell is obtuse, rounded ; the poste- 
 rior extremity truncated : this side is bounded outwardly by a 
 very prominent obtuse angle, which extends obliquely from 
 the beak to the lower part of the shell. Interiorly the valves 
 are white ; two muscular impressions are seen, very much 
 separated, the anterior of which is long and narrow ; the pos- 
 terior is rounded ; they are united by a palleal impression, 
 deeply notched posteriorly. 
 
 Length 2 inches 5 lines. Width 1 inch 8 lines. 
 
 This species, according to Montagu, may be considered a 
 borer, and is found in large quantities at Plymouth, imbedded 
 in rocks : it is this which probably occasions that diversity of 
 form which exists in this species. It is found also in the sand 
 in the harbor of Falmouth. Finally, it is found, also, in the 
 Mediterranean, where it appears to be larger than upon the 
 English coast, and where it is commonly found in the mud. 2 
 
 2 Dr. A. A. Gould, of this city, found a specimen of this shell at Chel- 
 sea, in this state. Col. Totten, of Newport, Rhode Island, has met with 
 
GENUSTHRACIA. 5 
 
 2. THRACIA PUBESCENS, LEACH. The Downy Thracia. 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) 
 
 PI. II, fig. 2. 
 
 Th. testa ovato-oblonga, subdepressa, insequivalvi, sequilatera, albo- 
 grisea, antice rotundata, postice truncata et angulata; cardine foveolis 
 internis instructo. 
 
 Shell ovate, oblong, transverse, equilateral, inequivalve, 
 slightly inflated, of a reddish white color, covered with a 
 browner shagreened epidermis, marked with irregular and more 
 or less numerous striae of increase. The beaks are short, and 
 that of the right valve is notched at its summit to receive that 
 of the left valve. The valves are pretty thick, rounded at 
 the anterior, and truncated at the posterior side ; the same 
 side is separated from the upper surface by an obtuse angle, 
 which arises from the posterior extremity of the beaks, and 
 which descends obliquely as far as the lower extremity of the 
 shell. The cardinal edge is rather thin, and destitute of 
 teeth ; it presents at the posterior side of the beaks an internal 
 hollow, short and thick. The hollow is oblique and bounded 
 outwardly by a little ridge, in which is inserted an external 
 ligament, whilst another strong ligament is situated in the 
 hollows of the valves. Interiorly they are white, smooth and 
 polished. There exists upon the anterior side a muscular 
 impression, long and very narrow in its middle, very near the 
 edge ; the posterior muscular impression is rounded and pretty 
 large. 
 
 Length 3 lines. Width 1 inch 10 lines. 
 
 This species, described by Lamarck under the name of ANA- 
 TINA myalls, is pretty common in the British seas, principally 
 
 many fragments of shells upon the shores of that state. In my cabinet is a 
 single valve, which I picked up several years since upon the coast of 
 Maine, at Prout's Neck, a few miles from Portland, so that we may infer 
 it inhabits the whole coast of New England. TR. 
 
G E N U S T II R A C I A . 
 
 upon the coasts of England, in the sands of Falraouth and Ply- 
 mouth ; it is found also in the Mediterranean. 
 
 3. THRACIA PLICATA, DESHAYES. The Plaited Thracia. 
 
 (Collect. MASS, et LAJOIE.) 
 
 PI. II, fig. 3. 
 
 Th. testa ovato-oblonga, transversa, sequilatera, insequivalvi, depressa, 
 transverslm plicata, alba, diaphana. 
 
 Shell ovate, oblong, transverse, equilateral, inequivalve, in- 
 flated, beaks small, that of the left slightly notched. The 
 valves are white, delicate, and diaphanous, rounded upon the 
 anterior side, truncated obliquely upon the posterior side : the 
 side is bounded outwardly by an obtuse angle, which extends 
 from the beak to the lower and posterior edges. The exterior 
 surface presents some very prominent transverse folds, round- 
 ed, undulating, more or less numerous ; the cardinal edge is 
 straight, and presents upon each valve a small horizontal hol- 
 low, triangular, not very thick, in which is confined a small 
 internal ligament, which shows itself a little externally ; inter- 
 nally the valves are white, and transversely plaited. The 
 anterior muscular impression is very superficial, elongated, 
 and very narrow ; the posterior rounded and small : it is unit- 
 ed to the anterior by a palleal impression, deeply notched 
 posteriorly. 
 
 Length 1 inch 6 lines. Width 1 inch. 
 Country unknown. 
 
 This species is rare in collections ; it is very remarkable for 
 its whiteness, and for the very prominent transverse folds upon 
 the whole of the shell. 
 
GENUSTHRACIA. 7 
 
 4. THRACIA PHASEOLINA, NOBIS. The French-bean Thracia. 
 
 (Collect. MASS. LAM.) MONTAGU, pi. 1, fig. 2. 
 
 Pi. II, fig. 4. 
 
 Th. testA ovato-oblong, transversal, aequilatera, inaequivalvi, alba, dia- 
 phand, Isevi ; latere posteriore brevi, angulato, truncate. 
 
 Shell ovate, oblong, transverse, equilateral, inequivalve, 
 beaks small ; that of the left, slightly notched. The valves 
 are white, diaphanous and smooth, indistinctly marked with 
 striae of increase, rounded at the anterior side, strongly trun- 
 cated at the posterior side ; the side is bounded outwardly by 
 an obtuse angle, pretty prominent, extending obliquely from 
 the beak to the lower part of the shell. The cardinal edge is 
 thin, and without teeth ; it presents upon the posterior side 
 the beaks with a small, internal, short, triangular hollow, in 
 which is attached a small internal ligament which is apparent 
 externally. The valves are white and shining, internally. 
 The anterior muscular impression is elongated, the posterior is 
 rounded, and is united to the anterior by a palleal impression, 
 deeply notched. 
 
 Length 1 inch 4 lines. Width 11 lines. 
 
 Inhabits the road of Cherbourg, in the Channel, the coasts 
 of England, at Falmouth; the Mediterranean. This same 
 species has been found in the bay of Sea-dogs, but much 
 larger. 
 
 This species was known by Petiver, and has been described 
 by Lamarck under the name of AMPHIDESMA pJiaseolina ; it ap- 
 proaches in its form the THRACIA pubescens, but its lightness 
 and its size materially distinguish it; it differs also from the 
 plicata, for that has very strongly prominent folds, while in the 
 A. phaseolina, the striae of increase are scarcely apparent. 
 

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 PI. 
 
 a Animal do la Tlu-acif CorUuloi'dc , ( \\\ du eot< ^.uiolu-) 
 
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C i T. 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 WORKS OF NATURAL HISTORY 
 
 IN THE 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 JOHN C. JAY, M. D. 
 
 BOND-STREET, N E W - Y O R K . 
 
 NEW-YORK: 
 
 PRINTED BY DANIEL FANSHAW, 
 No. 150 Nassau-street. 
 
 1842. 
 
WORKS ON NATURAL, HISTORY. 
 
 Advocate of Science and Annals of Natural History, Philadelphia, 
 
 vol. 1, 8vo. Nos. 1 to 9 contain the proceedings of 
 
 the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia, from 
 
 20th May, 1834, to 1st April, 1835. 
 
 Adanson. Histoire Naturelle Du Senegal Coquillages. Paris, 1757; 
 
 1 vol. 4to 19 plates of shells en noir. 
 
 Annals of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist, in the city of New- York 1823 to 
 1S37 3 vols. 8vo.; and vol.4, Nos. 1 to 4 ; colored 
 plates. 
 
 Astrolabe, Voyage de la corvette L'Astrolabe, execute par ordre du 
 
 roi, pendant les annSes 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, sous 
 
 le commandement de Mr. J. Dumont d'Urville, capitaine 
 
 de vaisseau ; Paris, 1830, 1835, 
 
 Histoire du Voyage, royal octavo, 5 vols. text and 2 folio 
 
 vols. colored plates. 
 Zoologie, par Quoy et Gaimard, 4 vols. text and 2 folio 
 
 vols. colored plates. 
 Botanique, par A. Lesson et A. [Richard, 1 vol. text and 
 
 1 folio vol. colored plates. 
 
 Entomologique, par le Docteur Boisduval, 1 vol. 
 P/iilologie, par Mr. D'Urville, 1 vol. 
 Observations Nautiques, Miteorologiques, Hydrographi- 
 
 ques, et de Physique, 2 vols. 4to. 
 Atlas of Maps and Charts, one grand 4to. 
 
 Audubon, J. J. The Birds of America, from drawings made in the 
 United States and their territories. New- York, 1839 ; 
 royal octavo, colored plates, vols. 
 
WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 B 
 
 Barbut, James The Genera Vermium of Linnaeus in English and 
 French London, 1 vol. 4to, 14> colored plates. 
 
 Barton, W. P. C. A Flora of North America. Philadelphia, 1821 ; 
 3 vols. 4to. colored plates. 
 
 Beechy, Captain. See Zoology. 
 
 Binney, A. A Monograph of the Helices of the United States. Bos- 
 ton, 1837. Nos. 1-10, with colored plates. 
 
 Blainville, H. M. D. D. Manuel de Malacologie et de Conchylio- 
 logie. Paris, 1825-1827 j Svo. 2 vols. 87 plates. 
 
 Book of Nature, embracing a condensed survey of the Animal King- 
 dom. Philadelphia, 1834; 2 vols. 4to. 238 plates. 
 
 Born, Ignatius. Testacea Musei Csesarei Vindobonensis. Vindobo- 
 
 noe, 1780 ; 1 vol. folio, 18 colored plates. 
 
 Bosc, L. A. G. Hist. Nat. des Coquilles. Paris, 1810 ; 5 vols. 12mo. 
 44 plates. 
 
 Boston Journal of Natural History. Boston, 1834 to 1842 ; 3 vols. 
 8vo. and part of vol. 4th with plates colored. 
 
 Bouillet, J. B. Catalogue des Mollusques dans la Haute et la Basse 
 Auvergne. Clermont Ferrand, 1836; 1 vol. 
 
 Catalogue des Coquilles Fossiles de L'Auvergne, 2 plates. 
 
 Catalogue des Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles vi- 
 
 vantes, recueillies dans le d^partement du Puy-de- 
 Dome. Clermont Ferrand, 1832 ; 5 pages. 
 
 Catalogue de la Collection de Coquilles exotiques, de J. B. 
 
 Bouillet. Clermont Ferrand, Dec. 1835 ; 20 pages* 
 
 Bowditch, J. E. Excursions in Madeira and Porto-Santo in 1823, 
 with Appendix of Zoological and Botanical descrip- 
 tions. London, 1825; 1 vol. 4to. colored plates. 
 
 Elements of Conchology, including the Fossil Genera 
 
 and the Animals. Paris, 1822 ; Part 1, Univalves, 500 
 figures. 
 
 Brard, P. Hist, des Coquilles Terrestres et Fluviatiles qui vivent aux 
 environs de Paris. J815; one vol. 12mo. 
 
 Broderip, W. J. See Conchological Tracts. Vol. 1. 
 
 Brookes, S. An Introduction to the study of Conchology. London, 
 1815 ; 1 vol. 4to. eleven colored plates. 
 
WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 5 
 
 " Brown, T. The Conchologist's Text Book. Glasgow, 1833 ; 1vol. 12mo. 
 Browne, P. The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica. London, 
 
 1774; 1 vol. folio, 49 plates. 
 Bruguiere. See Lamarck. 
 Bulletin Dela Societe Geologique de France. Paris, 1838 to 1842; 
 
 4 vols. 8vo. 
 Bulletin of Proceedings of the National Institute, Washington, 1841 
 
 and '2. See Pamphlets, vol. 3d. 
 i/ Buonanni, F. P. Recreatione DelFOcchio E Delia Mente in Roma. 
 
 1681 ; 2 vols. 4to. with plates. 
 
 / Burrow, Rev. E. J. Elements of Conchology. New edition, Lon- 
 don, 1825 ; 1 vol. 28 plates 
 
 c 
 
 Cailliaud, F. Voyage a, Meroe, au fleuve blanc. Paris, 1826 and '7; 
 4 vols. 8vo. with colored plates ; also Atlas of Plates, 
 
 vols. folio. 
 Cantraine, F. Diagnoses de quelquesEspecesnouvellesde Mollusques, 
 
 Extr. du Bull, de 1'Acad. de Bruxelles, du 5 Dec. 
 
 1835; 31 pages. 
 Catalogue of the Collection of Messrs. Cristofori e Jari Parma, 1832. 
 
 See Pamphlets, vol. 2. 
 Library of the Boston Natural History Society. See 
 
 Pamplets, vol. 2d. 
 Organic Remains, &c. &c. presented to the Lyceum in 
 
 in New- York, by S. L. Mitchill, 1826. See Pam- 
 phlets, vol. 1st. 
 Books in the Library of the N. Y. Hospital, 1S29, and 
 
 Supplement. Vol. 3, Pamphlets. 
 Journals of Voyages and of the Contents of the Museum 
 
 of the East-India Marine Society of Salem, Mass. ; 
 
 1821 ; with the Act of Incorporation. See Pamphlets, 
 
 vol. 1st. 
 Library of the Lyceum of Natural History in the City 
 
 of New- York, 1830. Pamphlets, vol. 2d. 
 
 Published Works and Memoirs of Mr. M'Clure. Pam- 
 phlets, vol. 3d. 
 
6 WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 Catalogue of the papers and other works of Mr. Say, so far as ascer- 
 tained, 1835. Pamphlets, vol. 1. 
 Chemnitz. See Martini. 
 
 Coates, B. H. A Biographical Sketch of the late Thomas Say. Phi- 
 ladelphia, 1835. Pamphlets, vol. 1st. 
 Columna, Fabius. Fabi Columnae Lyncei de Purpura, Aliisque Tes- 
 
 taceis rarioribus. Rome, 1616 ; 8 plates, 4to. 
 
 Conch ologist's Companion, comprising the Instincts and Construc- 
 tions of Testaceous Animals. London, 1824 ; 1 vol. 12mo. 
 Conchological Tracts, vol. 1st, 4to, contains : 
 
 An Historical Account of Testaceological "Writers, by W. 
 G. Maton and Rev. T. Rackett. London, 1803; 125 
 pages. 
 
 A Description of seven new species of Testacea, by W. G. 
 Maton ; 1809 ; 7 pages and 1 colored plate. 
 
 Descriptions of five British species of the Genus Tere- 
 bella of Linne ; 1817 ; 5 pages and 3 plates. 
 
 Remarks on the difficulty of distinguishing certain Ge- 
 nera of Testaceous Mollusca by their shells alone, &c. 
 London, 1835 j 10 pages, by J. E. Gray. 
 
 Observations on Naticina and Dentalium, by Rev. L. 
 Guilding. London, 1831 ; 6 pages and 1 plate. 
 
 On the Nervous System of Beroe Pileus, Lam., and on 
 the structure of its Cilia, by Robert E. Grant, London, 
 1833; 4 pages, 1 colored plate. 
 
 On the structure and characters of Loligopsis, and an ac- 
 count of a new species by the same. London, 1833 ; 8 
 pages, and colored figures. 
 
 On the Anatomy of the Sepiola vulgaris, Leach, and an 
 account of a new species by the same. London, 1833 ; 
 10 pages and a colored plate. 
 
 Descriptions of some new species of Cuvier's family of 
 Brachiopoda, by W. J. Broderip. London, 1833; 4 
 pages and 2 colored plates. 
 
 On Clavagella, by the same. London, 1834 ; 8 pages, 1 
 plate. 
 
 On, tlie Genus C/iama, Brug. by the same. London, 1834 ; 
 6 pages, 2 colored plates. 
 
WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 7 
 
 Conchological Tract On the Anatomy of the Brachiopoda of Cuvier, 
 
 by R. Owen. London, 1833; 20 pages. 
 On the Anatomy of Clavagella, Lam. by the same. Lon- 
 don, 1834; 6 pages. 
 
 Description d*un nouveau Genre de Mollusques de la 
 Classe des Gasteropodes Pectinibranches, by E. Riip- 
 pell. London, 1834; 2 pages and 2 figures. 
 Note sur quelques especes nouvelles de Coquilles Terrestres, 
 by Mons. S. Moricand. Geneve, 7 pages, 1 colored 
 plate. 
 
 Mimoire sur les Coquilles Terrestres et Fluviatiles, en- 
 voyees de Bahia, with a supplement by the same. Ge- 
 ndve, 1837 ; 42 pages and 2 plates colored. 
 PrimiticB Fauna et Flora Maderse et Portus Sancti, by 
 Rev. C. T. Lowe. Cambridge, 1831 ; 70 pages, 6 co- 
 lored plates. 
 
 Memoire sur les Evolutions de 1'Embryon dans les Mol- 
 lusques Gasteropodes, par B. C. Dumortier. Paris, 47 
 pages, 4 colored plates. 
 
 Conrad, T. A. American Marine Conchology. Philadelphia, 1831 ; 
 1 vol. 72 pages ; 17 colored plates. 
 
 Fossil Shells of the Tertiary Formations of North Ame- 
 rica. Philadelphia, 1832 ; 1 vol. 56 pages and 18 plates. 
 
 Monography of the Family Unionidae or Naiades of La- 
 marck. Philadelphia, 1836; vol. 1, 8vo. and Nos. 11 
 and 12, 60 colored plates. 
 
 New Fresh Water Shells of the United States. Philadel- 
 phia, 1 vol. 12mo. colored plates. 
 
 Constitutions and By-Laws of the U. S. Naval Lyceum, Brooklyn. 
 New- York, 1834. See Pamphlets, vol. 3d. 
 
 Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phil. 1828. Pamphlets, vol. 2. 
 
 Nat. History Society, Boston. Pamphlets, vol. 3. 
 
 Lyceum Natural History in the City of New- York. Pamp. 
 
 vol. 3. 
 
 Coquille. Voyage autour du Monde, sur la Corvette de sa Majeste, 
 la Coquille, pendant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824 et 
 1825. Par Mr. L. J. Duperrey, Capitaine de Fregate 
 Paris, Hist, du Voyage, par Duperrey, 202 pages, 4to. 60 
 colored plates, in folio, 
 
8 WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 Coquille. Botanique Cryptogamie, par Mr. B. De St. Vincent ; 1828 ; 
 
 1 vol. 4to. Phanerogamic, par Mr. Ad. Brongniart, 
 
 1829 ; 232 pages, 4to ; 106 colored folio plates. 
 Zoologie, par M. M. Lesson et Garnot, 2 vols. in 4 parts, 
 
 4to. 130 colored folio plates. Crustacea, Arachnides et 
 
 Insectes, par F. C. Guerin Meneville; 1830; 27 colored 
 
 folio plates. 
 Hydrographique, Physique et N antique ; 3 parts, 4tOj et 
 
 Atlas, in grand 4to. 56 plates. 
 Cristofori. II Regno Animale De Cristofori e Jan, Molluschi. Parma, 
 
 1832 in vol. 2 of Pamphlets. 
 
 Enumeratio Generum Molluscorum, par Cristofori. 
 
 Do. Do. Coleopterorum. 
 
 Conchylia Fossilia. 
 
 Conchyliologia all in vol. 2 of Pamphlets. 
 
 Crouch, E. A. An Illustrated Introduction to Lamarck's Conchology. 
 
 London, 1827. 1 vol. 4to. 22 colored plates. 
 Cuvier, G. Leeons D' Anatomic Comparee. Paris, 1804-5; 5 vols. 
 
 with plates. 
 Le Regne Animal, distribue d'apres son organisation 
 
 Mollusques. Royal 8vo. 23 livraisons, 4 colored plates in 
 
 each; 1840. 
 Baron Le Regne Animal. Paris, 1829 ; 5 vols. 
 
 D 
 
 Da Costa, E. M. British Conchology. London, 1778; 1vol. 4to. 17 
 colored plates. 
 
 Elements of Conchology, or an Introduction to the Know- 
 ledge of Shells. London, 1776; 1 vol. 8vo. 7 plates. 
 
 D'Argenville. La Conchyliologie troisieme edition, par Mr. M. De 
 Favanne De Montcervelle Pere et Fils. Paris, 1780; 
 3 vols. 4to. 80 plates. 
 
 Davila, M. Catalogue Systematique et Raisonne des Curiosites de la 
 Nature et de 1'Art, qui composent le Cabinet de M. Da- 
 vila. Paris, 1767; 3 vols. 30 plates. 
 
 Deshayes, G. P. Continuation of Ferussac, Hist. Nat. viz. livraisons 
 29, 30 and 31, each with 6 colored plates. 1838. 
 
WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. ( J 
 
 Deshayes, G. P. Traite Ele"mentaire de Conchyliologie, avec 1'applica- 
 tion de cette Science a la Geognosie. Paris, 1838; 8 
 livraisons ; 8 colored plates in each to be 12 in all. 
 
 Encyclopedia Methodique. See Lamarck. 
 
 Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans vertebres, par J. B. 
 
 P. A. De Lamarck deuxieme Edition, par Deshayes 
 and H. M. Edwards. Paris, 1835-40; 8 vols. pub- 
 lished one more will complete it. 
 
 De Roissy, Felix. See Montfort. 
 
 Dillwyn, L. W. A Descriptive Catalogue of Recent Shells, with their 
 Synonymes. London, 1817 ; 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Draparnaud, J. P. R. Hist. Nat. des Mollusques Terrestres et Fluvi- 
 atiles de la France avec 13 planches. Paris, 1813; 
 one vol. 4to. 
 
 Duclos, P. L. Hist. Nat. Ge"nerale et Particuliere de tous les Genres 
 de Coquilles Univalves Marines, a 1'etat vivant et fos- 
 sile, Publiee par Monographies ; Genre Olive : Livrai- 
 sons 1 to 6. Paris, 1835-40. Grand folio, 36 colored 
 plates. 
 
 Genre Colombelle : Livraisons let 2. Paris, 1835; 13 
 
 colored plates. 
 
 Dubois, Charles. An Epitome of Lamarck's Arrangement of Testacea. 
 London, 1825; 12mo. 
 
 Dumortier, B. C. See Conchological Tracts. 
 
 E 
 
 Edwards, H. M. See Deshayes. 
 Encyclopedia M&hodique. See Lamarck. 
 
 Favanne. See D'Argenville. 
 
 Ferussac Histoire Naturelle, Gene"rale et Particuliere Des Mollus- 
 ques Terrestres et Fluviatiles. Paris, 1819. 27 livraisons, 
 bound in two folio vols. 156 colored plates. 28th livraison, 
 par son fils. Paris, 1832. 
 
 For continuation see Deshayes. 
 
10 WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 Fleming, J. A History of British Animals. Edinburgh, 1828 ; 1 vol. 
 Svo. 565 pages. 
 
 G 
 
 Geve. Nicolaus Georg Gevens Conchylien Cabinet. Lunenburgh, 
 
 1830 ; 4to. 33 colored plates. 
 Gould, A. A. Lamarck's Genera of Shells, with a catalogue of species 
 
 translated from the French. Boston, 1833; 12mo. 
 Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts, comprising, 
 
 the Mollusca, Crustacea, Annelida, and Radiata. Boston, 
 
 1841; 213 figures of American Shells. 
 Grant, Robert E. See Conchological Tracts. 
 Gray, J. E. do. do. do. 
 A Manual of Land and Fresh Water Shells by Turton. 2d 
 
 edition, by J. E. Gray, enlarged, London, 1840. 1 vol. 
 
 12mo. 152 colored figures of British Shells. 
 Gualter, N. Index Testarum Conchyliorum. Florentine, 1742; folio, 
 
 one vol. many plates. 
 Gmelin, J. F. Systema Naturae, editio decima-tertia. Leipsic; 1788- 
 
 1793 ; 8 vols. 
 Guerin-Me'neville, F. E. Magasin de Zoologie Deuxieme Section, 
 
 Mollusques et Zoophytes. Paris, 1831-1842; 3 vols. nu- 
 merous finely colored plates. 
 's Cuvier. Iconographie du Regne Animal. Paris, 1 vol. 
 
 12mo. ; 38 colored plates of Mollusca and 25 plates of 
 
 Zoophytes. 
 Revue Zoologique, par la Societe Cuvie'rienne. Paris, 1838- 
 
 42 ; 5 vols. Svo. 
 
 Guilding, Rev. L. See Conchological Tracts. 
 General Directions for Collecting and Preserving Articles in Nat ural 
 
 History ; 1834. See Pamphlets, vol. 3d. 
 
 H 
 
 Haldeman, S. S. A Monograph of the Lymniades or Fresh Water 
 Univalve Shells of North America. Philadelphia, July, 
 1840-1-2, inNos.; 4 are published, five beautifully color- 
 ed plates in each No. 
 
WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY.' 11 
 
 Hanley, S. The Young Conchologist's Book of Species Univalves. 
 
 London, 1840; 1 vol. I2mo. with figures. 
 Hitchcock, E. A Catalogue of Animals and Plants in the State of Mas- 
 
 sachusetts. 1833; 1 vol. 8vo. 
 
 Jay, John C. Catalogue of Recent Shells in his Cabinet. New- York, 
 
 1835 ; 1 vol. 12mo. 
 
 - A Catalogue of Recent Shells, with descriptions of New or 
 Rare Species in his Collection. 2d edition, New-York, 
 
 1836 ; 1 vol. 8vo. with 4 colored plates. 
 -- A Catalogue of the Shells, arranged according to the La- 
 
 marckian System, with descriptions of new or rare species, 
 in his Collection. 3d edition. New- York and London, 
 1839 ; 1 vol. 4to. with ten colored plates. 
 
 Index to the Library of the Lyceum of Natural 'History in the City of 
 New- York; 1830. See Pamphlets, vol. 2d. 
 
 Johnson, Wm. R. Memoir of the late L. D. Von Schweinitz. Phila- 
 delphia, 1835. See Pamphlets, vol. 1. 
 
 Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1817 to 
 1839 ; 7 vols. 8vo. and part 1 of vol. 8. 
 
 K 
 
 Kiener, L. C. Species General et Iconographie des Coquilles Vivan- 
 
 tes. Paris. 76 livraisons, 4to. 6 colored plates in each. 
 Kirtland, J. P. A Catalogue of the Animals and Plants in the State of 
 
 Ohio; 1338. See Pamphlets, vol. 3. 
 -- Catalogue of Shells in his Cabinet, Poland, Ohio ; 1836; 
 
 Mss. ; 
 Knorr, G. W. Les Delices des Yeux et de 1'Esprit. Nuremberg, 
 
 1760-1773 ; 2 vols. 4to. 190 colored plates of shells. ' 
 
 Lamarck Histoire Nat. des Animaux sans Vertebres. See Deshayes. 
 Encyclopedia Methodique Hist. Nat. des Zoophytes, 
 ou Animaux Rayonnes, Tome second. Paris, 1824; 1 
 vol. 4to. ; volume first. 
 
12 WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY, 
 
 Lamarck. Hist. Nat. des Vers, par Bruguiere et De Lamarck, conti- 
 nuee par G. P. Deshayes. Tome second. Paris, 1830. 
 
 Ditto. Tome troisieme. Paris, 1832. 
 
 Explanation of the Plates from 52 to 487, in one vol. 4to, 
 
 by Bory De St. Vincent. 
 
 Tableau Encycl. Meth. par M. Bruguiere, Septieme livrai- 
 
 son, Paris, 1791 Les Vers Infusoires, les Vers Intes- 
 tines, les Vers Mollusques, with plates from I to 95 
 volume 1. 
 
 Ditto, vol. 2, plates 96 to 189. 
 
 Ditto, Dix-neuvieme Partie Vers testacees a Coquilles. 
 
 bivalves. Paris, 1797. From Plates 190 to 390. Vo- 
 lume 3d. 
 
 Ditto, Vingt-troisieme Partie, Mollusques et Polypes Di- 
 vers, par j Lamarck. Paris, 1816. Plates 391 to 488. 
 Vol. 4, 4to. 
 
 Lea, Isaac. A Synopsis of the Family Naiades. Philadelphia, 1836, 
 1 colored plate ; I vol. 8vo. 
 
 ' Description of six new species of the Genus Unio, with the 
 
 Anatomy of the Oviduct of one of them. Philadelphia, 
 1827 ; 4 colored plates, 4to. 
 
 Description of a New Genus of the Family Naiades, in- 
 cluding eight species four of which are new also the 
 description of eleven new species of the Genus Unio ; 
 1829 ; Philadelphia, with 8 colored plates. 
 
 Observations on the Naiades and Descriptions of New Spe- 
 cies of that and other Families. Philadelphia, 1830; 13 
 colored plates. 
 
 Supplement. Philadelphia, 1831 ; 3 colored plates. 
 
 Description of a New Genus of the Family Melaniana of 
 
 Lamarck. Philadelphia, 1831. All the above are bound 
 together and form volume 1st. 
 
 . Observations on the Naiades and Descriptions of New Spe- 
 cies of that and other Families. Philadelphia, 1832 ; 7 
 colored plates. Supplement, Philadelphia, 1833, 6 color- 
 ed plates. 2d Supplement, 1834, 6 colored plates. The 
 above form vol. 2d. 
 
 Description of New Fresh Water and Land Shells, Phila- 
 delphia, 1834, 6 colored plates 
 
WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 13 
 
 Lea, Isaac. Continuation of Mr. Lea's paper, 1835. 
 Ditto, ditto, 
 
 Ditto, ditto, 1836, 8 colored plates. 
 
 Ditto, ditto, 1837, 3 colored plates. 
 
 Ditto, ditto, 1836. 
 
 Ditto, ditto, 1836, 6 colored plates. 
 
 Ditto, ditto, 1837, 1 colored plate. 
 
 Ditto, ditto, 1838. 
 
 Ditto, ditto, 1838. 
 
 Ditto, ditto, Synopsis of the Family 
 
 Naiades. 
 
 Geographical Distribution of the Species of the Family 
 
 Naiades. All the above form volume 3d. 
 
 Description of nineteen new species of Colimacea. Feb. 
 
 21, 1840. Philadelphia ; 2 colored plates. 
 
 Notice of the Oolitic Formation in America, with Descrip- 
 tions of some of its Organic Remains. May, 1840; 3 
 plates. 
 
 Leonard, B. G. A Discourse before the Chilicothe Lyceum and Me- 
 chanics' Institute, 1834. See Pamphlets, vol. 3d. 
 Lister, M. Historia Animalium Angliae. London, 1678. One volume, 
 small 4to. 9 plates ; with manuscript notes by Dr. 
 Goodall, Provost of Eton. 
 
 . Listeri Historiae Conchy liorum Oxonii, 1770. 1059 plates; 
 
 with indexes by Huddesford and Diliwyn, and 22 addi- 
 tional plates chiefly anatomical. 
 
 Long, S. H. Expedition to the Source of St. Peter's River, &c. with an 
 Appendix on Zoology, by T. Say. Philadelphia, 1824; 
 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Lowe, Rev. C. T. Primitiae Faunas et Florae Maderae et Portus-Sancti. 
 Cambridge, 1831; 70 pages; 6 col'd plates. See Concho- 
 logical Tracts. , 
 
 M 
 
 M'Clure, Wm. A list of the published works and memoirs of Mr. 
 
 M'Clure. See Pamphlets, vol. 3d, 
 MacClure, Wm. See Morton, 
 
14 WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 Martini, F. H. G. Conchylien Cabinet. Nuremberg, 1769-1795. 12 
 
 4to vols. text and 12 do. of colored plates. 
 Martyn, Wm. F. A New Dictionary of Natural History. London, 
 
 1785 ; 2 vols. folio, with colored plates. 
 Martyn's Drawings of Shells of the South Sea. One vol. 
 
 4to. 58 colored plates. 
 Thomas. The Universal Conchologist, 1789 with anew 
 
 Systematic Arrangement and Explanatory Tables, in En- 
 glish and French ; also Figures of Non-Descript Shells 
 
 collected in different voyages to the South Seas since the 
 
 year 1764; with 77 colored drawings of Shells; a 
 
 unique copy; 1 grand 4to. gold mounted. 
 Mather, W. W. First Annual Report on the Geological Survey of the 
 
 State of Ohio. Columbus, Ohio, 1838. See Pamphlets, 
 
 vol. 2d. 
 Maton, W. G. An Historical Account of Testaceological Writers ; also 
 
 Description of seven new Species. See Conchological 
 
 Tracts. Vol. 1. 
 Mawe, J. Woodarch's Introduction to the Study of Conchology ; 3d 
 
 edition, with additions by Mawe. London, 1825; 1vol. 
 
 7 colored plates. 
 The Linnaean System of Conchology. London, 1823 ; 8vo. 
 
 1 vol. 37 colored plates. 
 
 Mayo, C. Lessons on Shells. New- York, 1833; 1 vol. 12mo. 10 plates. 
 Menke, C. T. Synopsis Methodica Molluscorum. Pyrmont, 1830; 1 
 
 vol. 168 pages. 
 Michaud, A. L. G. Descriptions de plusieurs Nouvelle Especes de 
 
 Coquilles du Genre Rissoa. 2d edition, 32 figures. See 
 
 Pamphlets, vol. 3. 
 Galerie Des Mollusques du Museum de Douai. Paris, 
 
 1838 ; 2 vols. 8vo. 37 plates of Shells. Par Potiez et 
 
 Michaud. 
 Compl6ment de 1'Hist. Nat. des Mollusques Terrestres et 
 
 Fluviatiles dela France, de Drapernaud. Verdun, 1831 ; 
 
 1 vol. 4to. 3 plates. 
 Mitchill, S. L. Catalogue of the Organic Remains, &c. presented to 
 
 the Lyceum of Natural History in the City of New- York, 
 
 by him 1826. See Pamphlets, vol. 1. 
 
WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 15 
 
 Montagu, G. Descriptions of five British species of the Genus Tere- 
 
 bella of Linne ; 1817 ; 5 pages and 3 plates. SeeConch. 
 
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 Testacea Britannica or Natural History of British Shells. 
 
 London, 1803 ; 2 vols. 4to. 16 colored plates. 
 Montfort, Denys. Conchyiologie Systematique et Classification Me- 
 
 thodique des Coquilles. - Paris, 1808 and 1810; 2 vols. 
 
 8vo. 261 figures. 
 Hist. Nat. Generale et Particuliere Des Mollusques ani- 
 
 maux sans Vertebres et a, Sang blanc. Paris, 1810; 4 
 
 vols. 8vo. 50 colored plates. 
 -Ditto, continuee par F. De Roissy. Paris, 1813, 5th and 6th 
 
 vols. and colored plates 51 to 72. 
 Moricand, Step. See Conchological Tracts, vol. 1st 
 Morton, S. G. A Memoir of Wm. M'Clure. Philadelphia, 1841. See 
 
 Pamphlets, vol. 3. 
 Muller, O. F. Verrnium Terrestrium et Fluviatilium Historia Hav- 
 
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 N 
 
 Natural History of Shells. A Natural History of Shells, in English 
 and French, by an Amateur. 1 vol. folio, 12 plates and 26 
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 O 
 
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 p 
 
 Pamphlets. Vol. 1, 2, 3, containing Papers on Natural History. 
 
16 WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 Payraudeau, B. C. Catalogue Des Annelides et Des Mollusques De 
 L'Isle De Corse. Paris, 1826; 1 vol. 8vo. 8 colored 
 plates. 
 
 Pennant, Thomas. British Zoology. A new edition, 4 vols. 8 vo. Lon- 
 don, 1812. 
 
 Perry, G. Conchology, or the Natural History 1 of Shells. London, 
 1811 ; 1 vol. folio, 61 colored plates. 
 
 Petit, De La Saussaye Notice sur la Recherche des Coquilles. Paris, 
 1838. See Pamphlets, vol. 2. 
 
 Petiver, James. Aquatilium Animaliurn Amboinse. London, 1713 ; 1 
 vol. folio, 20 plates. 
 
 Gazophylacium Naturae et Artis. London, 1702, 1711, 
 
 folio; 100 plates. 
 
 Pterigraphia Americana, folio ; contains 500 figures of Ame- 
 rican Ferns, Mushrooms, Corals, Sponges and Shells. 
 
 Pfeiffer. A Systematic Catalogue of the Figures in Martini and Chem- 
 nitz's Conchylien Cabinet. Kassel, 1840; 1 vol. 12mo. 
 
 C. Naturgeschichte Deutscher Land und Siisswasser Mol- 
 
 lusken. Weimar, 1821-8; 1 vol. 4to. 3 parts ; 24 co- 
 lored plates. 
 
 Philippi, R. A. Enumeratio Molluscorum Siciliae. Berolini, 1836 ; 
 1 vol. 4to. 12 plates. 
 
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 folio, 39 colored plates, and the same plain. 
 
 Poitez, V. L. Y. Galerie Des Mollusques. See Michaud. 
 
 Poulson, C. A. A Monograph of the Fluviatile Bivalve Shells of the 
 River Ohio, containing 12 Genera and 68 Species. 
 Translated from the French of C. S. Rafinesque. Phi- 
 ladelphia, 1832; 1 vol. 12mo. 1 plate. 
 
 Proceedings of the Acad. of Natural Sciences, Philade. 1841-2 ; 1 vol. 
 
 American Philosophical Society, Philad. 1840-1-2. 
 
 First Annual Meeting of the New- York State Lyceum, 
 
 held at Utica, 1831. See Pamph. vol. 1. 
 
 Zoological Soc. of London, 1830 to 1842 ; 10 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Pulteney, Richard. Catalogue of the Birds, Shells, and some of the 
 more rare Plants of Dorsetshire. London, 1799; 1 vol. 
 folio. 
 
WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 17 
 
 R 
 
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 la Riviere Ohio; 31 pages and 3 plates of Unios. See 
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 Continuation, a Monograph of the Bivalve Shells of the 
 
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 Enumeration and Account of Objects in his Cabinet. 
 
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 Risso, A. Histoire Nat. des Principales Productions de L'Europe ; 
 Meridionale. Paris, 1826; with colored maps and plates; 
 5 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Rossmassler, E. A. Iconographie der Landund Siisswasser Mollus- 
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 Descriptions of some new Terrestrial and Fluviatile Shells 
 
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 Catalogue of exotic Shells in his Cabinet in 1833. Pam- 
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18 WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 Say, Thomas. American Entomology. Philadelphia, 1824-5; 1st and 
 
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 Descriptions of several new species of Shells and of a new 
 
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 A list of Papers and other Works of Mr. Say, so far as 
 
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 Vol. 1, plates 1-7-111. 
 2, " 1113. 
 " 3 f i 116 contains Shells. 
 " 4, " 1 -108 " Insects. 
 
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 Systematical, Stratigraphical and Alphabetical Indexes of 
 
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WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 19 
 
 i 
 
 Sowerby, G. B. A Catalogue of the Shells in the Collection of the 
 
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 29 colored plates. 
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 Zoological Illustrations 2d series, London, 1832-33 ; 
 
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 A Manual of the Land and Fresh Water Shells of the 
 
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 colored figures. For 2d edition see J. E. Gray. 
 
 Conchylia Insularum Britannicarum. London, 1822; 4to. 
 
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 De la Corvette Coquille. See Coquille 
 
20 WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 w 
 
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 Supplement to the Index Test. London, 1828 ; 480 colored 
 
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 General Conchology. London, 1815; 1vol. 8vo. 59 co- 
 lored plates. 
 
 The Zoology of Captain Beechey's Voyage in the years 1825 to 1828. 
 
 London, 1839 ; 1 vol. 4to. 50 colored plates. 
 Zoological Journal. See Sowerby. 
 
 Proceedings. See Proceedings of Zoological Society. 
 
M171457 
 
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