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THE 
 
 INFANTRY EXERCISE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UJriTEJ) STATES dKMF, 
 ABRIDGED 
 
 FOR THE USE 
 OF THE 
 
 MILITIA. 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNITED STATES, 
 
 THIRD EDITION, 
 CORRECTED AND IMrROVED. 
 
 POUGHKEBPSIE : 
 
 PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY P. POTTER, 
 
 FOR HIMSELF, AND FOR S. POTTER & CC» 
 
 NO. 55f CHESNUT-STREET, 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 1819, 
 

 'V 
 
 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OP NEW-YORK, ss. 
 
 Be it remembered, That on the seventeenth day of A- 
 pril, in the forty-first year of the Independence 
 rr-^^-^-x of the United States of America, Paraclete 
 < L. S. > Potter, of the said District has deposited in 
 ^ v^yN-/ J this office the title of a book the right where- 
 of he claims as proprietor in the words fol- 
 lowing, to wit : 
 
 *' I'he Infantry Exercise of the United States Army, 
 abridged for the use of the Militia of the United States." 
 In conformity to the Actof the Congress of the United 
 States, entitled " An Act for the encourage ment of Learn- 
 H)g, by securing the copies of Maps, Chr.rts, and Books to 
 the authors and propiiftors of such coj)ies,(Iuring the time 
 therein mentioned," And also to an Act, entitled "an 
 Act, supplementary to an Act, entitled an act for i\n en- 
 couragement ofLeansing, by securing the copies of Maps, 
 Charts, and Books to (ht aiUliors an«J proprietors of such 
 copies, during the times therein mentioned, and extending 
 the benefits thereof to the arts of d? sigiiing, engraving, 
 and etching historical ?*nd other prints.'* 
 
 THEUON IIUDD. 
 Clerk of the Southevn District of jyerv-Tork, 
 
TO 
 
 Maj. Gen. fTUVFIELD SCOTT, 
 
 THIS ABRIDGMENT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 INFANTRY EXERCISE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ABMF OF THE UJ^ITED STATES 
 
 IS RESiPECTFULLY DEDICATED, 
 
 As a slight testimony of the high re- 
 gard entertained for his character, 
 
 AS A CITIZEN AND SOLDIER, BY 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
TO THE PUBLIC. 
 
 The Work, published by order of the War De- 
 partment, entitled '* Rules and Regulations for the 
 Field Exercise and Manoeuvres of Infantry, compiled 
 and adapted to the organisation of the Army of the 
 United States, agreeably to a resolve of Congress,'* 
 by a board of officers, composed of Maj. Gen. Soott 
 and others, having been adopted as the standard 
 of discipline in the army of the United States, 
 several of the State legislatures, in order that their 
 fnilitia discipline might corres{)ond with that of the 
 regular army, have by law adopted the system 
 prescribed in this work, and directed its obser- 
 vance by their militia. Militia officers in gener- 
 al, however, having but little leisure for reading, 
 most of them have complained seriously of the in- 
 conveniences of this regulation. They complain 
 that the above mentioned work, usually called 
 Gen. Scott's Infantry Exercise, is unnecessarily 
 large for their use, and quite too expensive. 
 
 To obviate these objections to Gen. Scott's 
 work, a gentieriian of competent talents was enga- 
 ged to make an abridgment of it. In executing 
 this task, it has been the Compiler's design, to re- 
 duce Gen. Scott's work to a simple Manual, for 
 the instruction of Militia men in their ordinary 
 duty. Pursuant to this design, the " Evolutions of 
 the Line,'' have of course been omitted ; and most 
 other parts of the work have also been very much 
 abridged. 
 
 This abridgment has been submitted to the ex» 
 amination of several intelligent and practical mil- 
 itary gentlemen, whose opinion of its merits the 
 reader will find in the following Recammcndalions — 
 
RFC OM M EN D ATI ON S . 
 
 Fro7n his Ex» the Fice- President of the U. States* 
 
 Castleton, Staten Island, (N.Y). June 30, l81 7. 
 
 Sir — I have read the abrid^;ment of the Ii)tantry Ex- 
 ercise of the Army of the United states, which you have 
 published. A manual compiled from the system of dis 
 cipline adopted by Congress is much wanted ; and yours, 
 being concise, intelligible and cheap, and accurately and 
 judiciously executed, will be convenient, instructive and 
 useful to Militia officers. I sincerely hope the work will 
 receive a patronage equal to its merits; and am respect- 
 ftdly. Sir, yours &e. DANIEL D. TOMPKINS. 
 
 Mr. E*araclete Potter. 
 
 Maj. Gen- Tallmadge has given us thefollowing recommtndation 
 Poughkeepsie, June 24, 1817. 
 Dr. Sir — I h;)ve examined ** the Infantry Exercise of 
 tbe U. States Army, abridged for the use of the Militia of 
 the United States," and published by you. The plau 
 appears to be welt chosen, and judiciously executed, 
 and I think tliis work will form a valuable and conven- 
 ient compendiujij tor militia officers. The late law of this 
 state, adopting ihe rules and disciphue of the Army of the 
 U. States, had rendered necessar} some Moikof ihe kii.d 
 which you now give to the public. 
 
 Yours, &c. JAMES TALLMADGE, Jiw, 
 Mr. P. Potter 
 
 Col Brush hasfumished us ivith his opinion asfoUo/i'S .• 
 
 Mr. P. Potter, 
 
 Sir — ** The Infantry Exercise of the United States 
 Army, abridged for the use of the Militia ot the United 
 States,'^ published by you, I have examined ; a»»d am of 
 opinion, that the compiler has made the abridgment with 
 judgment and ability — The late Miiitla law of this state 
 seemed to require such a work, au»l none could Ijetter an- 
 swer the purpose. JO/IJV JiUifSIL 
 June 24, 1817» 
 
 /J. Col Street expresses his approbation in ihefolloning terms : 
 Sir, — Having perused with some care, " The Infan- 
 try Exercise of the United Stales army, abridged fou 
 the use of the Militia of the United States,'' published 
 by you, and compared it with the original ; 1 do not hes- 
 kale lo offer it a» my opinion, that the plan pursued by 
 
the c©mi>iler, has been judiciously chosen ; that the dif- 
 ferent parts of the work are well arranged ami correctly 
 executed ; and that this abridgment will prove a valuable 
 acquisition to the militia r-t' the United States. 
 
 I am respectfully yours, 11. S. STllEET. 
 Mr. P. Potter, 
 
 Poughkeepsie, June 23, 181T, 
 
 Maj. Livingston recommends the pjork as follows : 
 Mr. Potter — Sir, I have examined the abridgment of the 
 Infantry Exercise of the U, States Army, published by 
 vou, an<l think the compiler has done justice to the work, 
 and that the abridgment will prove a valuable and in- 
 structive acquisition to the Militia of the United States. 
 1 am with respect your humble servant, 
 
 HENRY A. LIVINGSTON. 
 
 Poughkeepsie, Juue 24, 1817. 
 
 Fro?n his Ex. the Gcvtrnor of the State o/M Yn'k< 
 
 Albany, '25th Aug. 1817. 
 ,SVr T have perused with attention, "The Infantry Ex- 
 ercise of the United States Army, abridged for the use of 
 the Militia of the United States'* ; and I have no hesitation 
 iu addiikg luy recommendation to that of the respectable 
 gentlemen who have heretofore sanctioned this work. — 
 I consider it executed with judgment and skill, and weH 
 calculated to promote military knowledoe. Yours, Sr,c. 
 
 DE Wl IT CLINTON. 
 Mr. Potter. 
 
 From Brig. Gen.Cadwallader^ of the state of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Sir, — 1 have to acknowledge the receipt of your note, 
 and to thank you for the copy of your Abridgment of the 
 ** Rules and Regulfttions for the Field Exereise a,nd Man- 
 oeuvres of infantry, compiled and adapted to the organi- 
 zation of the Army of tbe United States, agreeably to a 
 resolve of Congreps." A system of exercise for the army 
 being now established, it is highly important that the mill- 
 t'«a should be trained according to the sante principles.— 
 'I'he high price of the large work has prevented its gener* 
 al circulation among the officers of the militia ; they have 
 now, however, an opportunity of purchasing, at a cheap 
 rate, an abridgment, which comprises all that is essen- 
 tial in the schools oi the soldier and the c/)mpany, as to. 
 the manual exercise and movements ; givini^ also the for- 
 mation of the Regiment; the posts of field and company 
 t>ficers, regimental staff, non-commissioned officers^ 
 urummers, musicians, pioaeers, colour and colour-guayd^ 
 
in line and columns ; the forms of escorting and receiving 
 the colours ; and the regulations for reviews of parade, 
 and inspection i with plates, and explanations. 
 
 I strongly recommend to each of the company officers, 
 and non-commissioned officers, of the regiments under 
 my command, to possess themselves of this manual, and 
 urge them to study it with attention. 
 
 I am, Sir, your most humble serv't. 
 
 THOS, CABJVALLADER. 
 Mr, Potter. 
 
 Philadelphia, Feb. 25, 1818. 
 
 From the Adjutant General of the stateof Connecticia. 
 Norwich, 7th October 1817. 
 SIR — A want of time to examine again, General Scott's 
 system of the Field Exercise and Manceuvres of the army 
 of the U. S. has hitherto prevented my acknowledging your 
 letter of the lOth of last month, accompanied by a copy 
 of your abridgment of that work, for which you will please 
 accept my acknowledgments. A liitle leisure has enabled 
 me to compare with the original, your abridged Treatise, 
 which I think ju (Vicious and well executed. Your Book 
 will be highly useful for the militia, aud I have no doubt 
 have an extensive circulation iu this stale. I am with 
 
 respect, yours, &c. EBENEZEH HUNTINGTON. 
 
 Mr. Potter. 
 
 Fratn Major Alden Partridge^ Professor of the Art 
 of Engineerings late of the United Stales' Army. 
 
 Norwich, (Vermont) Nov. 16th 1818. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I had the pleasure duly to receive from the 
 hand of Brigadier Gen. Brush, the copy of your abridg- 
 ment of the Infantry Exercise of the United States Army, 
 for the use of the Militia of our country. I have perused 
 the book with some attention, and have no hesitation in 
 giving it ray decided approbation. It appears to me ex- 
 tremely well calculated to answer the purpose intended, 
 and ought to be in the hands of at least, every company 
 officer. Having long regarded our militia as the only 
 true bulwark of our liberty and independence, and their 
 impiovement, of the greatest national importance ; I 
 shall ever consider it an imperative duty, to afford all the 
 encouragement in my power to such means as appear 
 calculated to accomplish that important end. Wishing 
 you every success in your undertaking, it so justly merits, 
 I subscribe myself, with much respect, your very obedi- 
 ent servant. A. PARTRIDGE. 
 
 Mr. Potter* 
 
RULES 
 
 EXERCISE OF IKFANTRY. 
 
 This work is divided into two parts i^— 
 
 Part i. under the head of the Squad Exercise, 
 teaches all that the soldier execnles ia forming 
 the company. 
 
 Part ii. under the head of the Company Ex- 
 ercise, comprehends the discipline cf the com- 
 pany. 
 
 PART 1. 
 
 SQJJAD EXERCISE. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS UPON THE WORDS OP COMMAND. 
 
 Tlie words of command should be always ani- 
 mated and loud, in propoftion to the number of 
 men at exercise. 
 
 There are two species of words of command, 
 viz. ihose ci Caution, and those q^ Execution. 
 
 The words of caution, which are here printed 
 in Italics, must be distinctly pronounced at the 
 full extent of the voice, dwelling a litlle on the 
 last syllable. 
 
 The commands of execution, which are dislia- 
 
10 SQUAD EXERCISE. 
 
 guished by capitals, must be pronounced with a 
 firm, short tone of voice. 
 
 Those words of command, which are separated 
 by hyphens, must be divided in a correspondent 
 manner in pronoucing them. 
 
 The drill-officer is throughout this work called 
 the instructor. 
 
 POSITION OP THE SOLDIER. 
 
 The men should be placed in one rank without 
 arms, at the distance of one pace from each other; 
 the heels on the same linc; a^ near each other as 
 the conformation of the man will admit of; the feet 
 forming with each other, an angle something less 
 than a right one, and turned out equally ; the 
 knees straight but not stiff; the bwly perpendicu- 
 lar on the haunches, and leaning* forward ; the 
 shoulders kept back and falling equally ; the arms 
 hanging naturally ; the elbows not separated from 
 the body, the palm of the hand turned a 'ittle out- 
 wards ; the little finger back or behind, and touch- 
 ing the seam of the breeches ; the head well up 
 without being constrained ; the chin a little drawn 
 in ; and the eyes fixed on the ground at the dis- 
 tance of fifteen paces. 
 
 The position being established, the instructor 
 will give the words of command. 
 
SQUAD EXERCISE. 11 
 
 1. Eyes — RIGHT. 
 
 2. FilONT. 
 
 At the conclusion of the second part of the first 
 word of command, the soldier ^l^ns his head to the 
 right, but not suddenly ; so thaVthe corner of the 
 left eye, nearest to the nose, shall \e in a line with 
 the buttons of the waistcoat, his eye^ being fixed 
 in the line of the eyes of the men of \^e rank he 
 stands in. \ 
 
 On hearing the second word, he will tiW back 
 the head to the direct position to the front. 
 
 The motion of Eyes — left, is executed by In- 
 verse means. \ 
 
 The instructor should take care that the mo- ^ 
 tionsof the head do not alter the squareness of the 
 shoulders. ^^' 
 
 When the instructor sees it necessary to order 
 the ranks to rest, he will give the word, 
 
 Rest. 
 
 On hearing this word, the soldier is not requir- 
 ed to maintain either his position or steadiness, 
 but his left foot must not quit its place. 
 
 1. Squad, 
 
 2. Attention. 
 
 At the second word the soldier resumes the 
 prescribed position and steadiness. 
 
12 SQUAD EXERCISE. 
 
 The facings to the right and left are executed 
 in one motion. The instructor will give the word, 
 
 1. Squud, 
 
 2. Right (or left) —face. 
 
 At the second word of command turn on the 
 left heel, raising a little the point of the left foot 
 and at the sam^ time carry back the right heel to 
 the side of the left, placing it on the same line. 
 
 To the right about face is executed in two mo- 
 tions. 
 
 1. Squad, 
 
 2. Right ABOUT — FACE. 
 
 At the word about, make a half face to the right 
 and the right foot must he slipt back to (he rear, 
 so that the hollow shall be opposite to and three 
 full inches from the left heel, kiying hold at the 
 same time of the corner of the cartouch box with 
 the right hand. 
 
 At the word face, raise the points of the feet, 
 and keeping the haras straight, turn on both heels 
 and face to the rear, carrying back at the same 
 time, the right heel to the side of the left, and 
 quitting the cartouch box. 
 
 When the soldier carries arms, at the first word 
 of facing to the right about, he turns his musket 
 with the left hand, a» will be explained in describ- 
 
SQUAD EXERCISE. 13 
 
 ing the first motion oi loading ; and resumes the 
 posif ion of shouldered a^s, at ihe moment of pla- 
 cing the right heel in cob(^act with the left, 
 
 \ 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF THE OtolNARY STEP. 
 
 The length of the ordinary stejvjs twenty-eight 
 inches reckoning from heel to hee)sz and ninety 
 of these paces are taken in a minuK The in- 
 structor will give the following words : 
 
 1. Forward, \ 
 
 2, Mauch, 
 
 At the first word, throw the weight of the body 
 «n the right leg. At the second word, step off, 
 smartly, with the left foot, projecting it a pace of 
 twenty eight inches, smoothly, and without jerk- 
 ing the body, the hams straight, the toes pointing 
 a little downwards, and the knees turned somewhat 
 outwards. At the same time carry forward the 
 weight of the body, and without striking the sole 
 against the ground, plant the foot flat, precisely at 
 thedis(9nce prescribed from the right loo« ; the 
 whole weight of the body resting on the foot that 
 comes to the ground Then, smr.rtly, bu with- 
 out a jerk or shock of ti>e body, pi^ss the rigbf foot 
 to the front, cariA ing it near the grou^^d, :^nd plant 
 it at the same distance, and in the sarie niMuuer 
 
 as has been explained relative to the left, March 
 o 
 
14 SQUAD EXERCISE. 
 
 ia this manner without crossing the legs, keeping 
 the shoulders square, ami the head always in the 
 direct position. 
 
 1. SquaiL 
 
 2. Halt. 
 
 At the second word, which must be given when 
 f^ithcr footis coming to the ground, bring up the 
 foot whi<5h is in llie rear, to the side of the other, 
 wither*; striking it against the one planted in 
 fron^ or against the ground. 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF THE OBLIQUE STEP. 
 
 Pla-tb II. 
 
 This step is in common lime, ninety steps be- 
 ing taken in a minute. In order to make the sol- 
 dier comprehend the mechanism of the step, the 
 instructor should take it to pieces, or divide it 
 into two parts, as follows. The soldier being 
 steady in his rank, the instructor directs him to 
 step off, with the right foot, to the right and front 
 obliquely, aiid to plant it twenty six inches from 
 the left, observing to make him turn the point of 
 the right foot a little inwards, to prevent the bring- 
 ing forward of the left shoulder. At the word two, 
 by the instructor, the soldier carries his left foot 
 over the shortest possible line, and plants it eigh- 
 teen inches in front of the right heel. 
 
SQUAD EXERCISE. 15 
 
 He continues to march Jia this manner, at the 
 word one and two^ stopping at each step, and pay- 
 ing the greatest attention to keeping the should- 
 ers square, and the head direct to the front. 
 
 The oblique step to the left is executed on the 
 same principles, the soldier stepping off with the 
 left foot. 
 
 To make the soldier oblique to the right and 
 left, withoist dwellhig on the step, the instructor 
 will give these words of command : 
 
 1 . Right oblique. 
 
 2. March. 
 
 At the second word, which must be given at the 
 instant when the left foot is coming to the ground, 
 the soldier, who is then marching to the front, 
 commences the oblique step to the right, observ- 
 ing to conform to the above directions, relative to 
 the length and execution of the step, and square- 
 ness of the shoulders to the front, but without stop- 
 ping at each step. 
 
 Obiiqueing to the left is executed on the same 
 principles, the instructor giving the wo"d march^ 
 at the instant when the right foot is coiniiig to 
 the ground. 
 
 In order to resume the march to the front dU 
 rect, the instructor gives the word, 
 
 1. Forward. 
 
 2. March. 
 
16 SQUAD EXERCISE. 
 
 At the second word, which must be given when 
 either foot is coming to the ground, resume the 
 direct march, and the ordinary step of twenty 
 eight inches, 
 
 TO MARK TIME. 
 
 The iiistructor will give the command : 
 
 1 . Mark time, ^ 
 
 2. Maugh. 
 
 At the second word, which is given w hen either 
 foot is coming to the ground, without advancing, 
 and at the same time keeping the cadence of tlie 
 time, bring back the heels, alternately to the side 
 of each other, thus making a semblance of march- 
 ing. 
 
 When the instructor wishes the ordinary step 
 to be resumed, be will command, 
 
 1. Forward. 
 
 2. xMaugh. 
 
 At the second woftl, resume the step of twenty 
 eight inches. 
 
 1. Change Feet. 
 
 2. March. 
 
 At the second word, given w hen either foot ia. 
 
SQUAD EXERCISE. 17 
 
 coffiiDg to the ground, bring up quickly the foot 
 in the rear just raised from the ground, to the side 
 of that planted ia front, and step off with the lat- 
 ter foot. 
 
 The march to a flank u executed on hearing 
 these words of command ; 
 
 1. Squad, 
 
 2. Right (or kft) — face. 
 
 3. March. 
 
 At the second command, face to the right or 
 left. 
 
 At the word March, step off quickly, with the 
 left foot in common time. 
 
 The instructor wishing to halt and front the 
 rank, gives the following words of command : 
 
 1. Squad. 
 
 2. Halt. 
 
 3. Front. 
 
 At the second word, the rank marching in file 
 baits. 
 
 At the third, each man fronts by facing to the 
 left, if the march has been to the right flank, and 
 to the right, if the march has been to the left j9aiiki 
 
 3# 
 
 !• Backwards 
 
 2. MAACfi« 
 
18 SQUAD exercise: 
 
 At the word March, step off back vvanl, with the- 
 left foot, ami plant it at the distance of fourteen 
 inches from the right, reckoning from heel to heef^ 
 and so on 'till the word halt is given, which should 
 always be preceded by that o^ squad. 
 
 On hearing the word halt, carry back the foot 
 in front, and plant it by the side of the'other. 
 
 DRESSINa. 
 
 The instructor will instruct and exercise the sol- 
 diers in the mode of dressing, one by one, in order 
 the better to make them comprehend the princi- 
 ples of the alignment ; and for this purpose he will 
 order the two men on the right flank to step two 
 paces to the front, and having aligned them, will 
 caution each man, successively, to move up into 
 the line of dressing oi the two tirst. 
 
 Each soldier, on receiving the caution to dress 
 up into the alignment, turns his head and eyes to 
 the right, keeping his body in the position of the 
 soldier, marches in the cadence of the ordinary- 
 step, two paces to the front, shortening the last 
 step, in such a manner, that the foot taking thia 
 step, shall be six inches behind the new align- 
 ment, when it comes to the ground; (the new line 
 is never to be passed so as to occasio.n dressing 
 back) then moves, steadily and without jerking, 
 forward, by short steps into the line of dressing, 
 keeping the bams 6tr(^tched; and dressea up to 
 
SQUAD EXERCISE. 5^ 
 
 ihe man who stands nex^t fo him in (he new align- 
 ment, without (Ieran^;ing the position of his head, 
 the line of the eyes, op the squareness of the shoul- 
 ders, so as to find himself in the lin? of direction 
 of this man, whose elbow he is lightly to touch, 
 without opening out his arm. 
 
 Dressing by the left is conducted on the same 
 principles. 
 
 When the men shall have learnt thus, one by 
 one, to align tliemselves correctly, the instructor 
 ViiU make a whole rank align themselves at once, 
 as follows : 
 
 Right (or left) — dress. 
 
 At this word the whole rank, excepting the two 
 men placed as a base to dress on, marches steadi- 
 ly up to, and places itself on the new line. 
 
 The instructor seeing nearly the whole of the 
 rank dressed, will command, 
 
 Front. 
 
 At this command the men turn the head to the 
 direct position to the front, resuming their steady 
 posture. 
 
 The instructor observing that certain files are 
 not dressed on the alignment, will direct them by 
 their number from the right (th'? files having been 
 previously numbered) to dress up or dress back. 
 
 Dressing back is conducted on the same princi- 
 ples 5 the soldiers stepping back a little beyond 
 
20 SQITAD EXERCISE. 
 
 the line, and then moving up to it by taking small 
 steps to the front. 
 
 In this case the command given by the instruct- 
 or will be, 
 
 Right backward (jot left backward) — dress. 
 
 The instructor must inculcate the observance^ 
 of the following principles. 
 
 That the soldier should quietly and steadily ar- 
 rive on the dressing line' 
 
 That he does not bend back ths body, nor the 
 head forward. 
 
 That he turn the head the least degree possi- 
 ble and in such a manner only, as to be able to 
 see the dressing line. 
 
 That he never pass beyond the dressing line. 
 
 That at the word of command, /ron^ all move- 
 ment cease, tbous;h ihe soldier may not even be 
 on the line of dressing. 
 
 POSITION OF THE SOLDIER AT ORDERED ARMS. 
 Platb v. Fig. 1. 
 
 The hand sunk low, the barrel between the 
 thumb and fore-finger extended along the stock : 
 the other three fingers extended and joined; the 
 top of the barrel about two inches from the right 
 Bboulder; the ramrod in front : the heel of the butt 
 at the side of, and against the i-oint of the risjht 
 foot; and the firelock, m this poBitioD^ perpeadie- 
 ular. 
 
PART 11, 
 
 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 Method of ranking and smng and of fanning the 
 company in the habilnal order. 
 
 The men beiog assembled on (he parade at or- 
 dered arms, (he first sergeant will give these words 
 of command : 
 
 1, Attention. 
 
 2. Shoulder — arbis. 
 
 One word and two motions* 
 
 First Motion. 
 
 Raise the firelock with the right hand to (he 
 left shoulder, placing the (eft hand under the butf> 
 
 Second Motion. 
 
 Let the right hand fatl to the right side. 
 
 POSITION OF THE SOLDIER ATSHOUL- 
 DERED ARMB. 
 
 Plate hi. fig. 1 & 2. 
 
 The musket in the left hand, the arm being a 
 iiitle bent; the elbow hhck nnd joined ro the iit?dy 
 without pressure ; the palm of the JbaLd firmly 
 
22 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 against the exterior rounding of the butt ; the ex- 
 terior edge of the butt resting on the first articu- 
 lation joining the fingers to the palm; the heel of 
 the fore part of the butt, resting between the first 
 and second fingers; the thumb above in front; 
 the third and little finger under the butt; which 
 must be supported; and more or less l<ept back, 
 according to the conformation of the man, in such 
 a manner, that the firelock, seen from the front, 
 way rest always perpendicular, and that the 
 movement of the thigh in marching may not raise 
 or distu^-b it in its perpendicular position; the 
 ramrod againpt the point nearly of the shoulder ; 
 and the rij^ht haiul and arm hanging naturally. 
 
 The men wiil then fall into one rank iadis« 
 criminately, and dress to the right. 
 
 The Sergeaut then commands: 
 
 1. Attention. 
 
 2. Company. 
 3. Right — FACE. 
 
 4 March. 
 
 Upon the third word being given, the whole 
 rank face to the right; when the fourth is pro- 
 nounced, the tallest men proceed to the right, and 
 the shortest to the left, slill preserving the rank 
 entire, aud changing plpxes, so thnt the tallest 
 man ahail be on the right, the next ia height the 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 23 
 
 second on the right, and so on successively, until 
 the shortest man in the company is on the ex- 
 treme left. 
 
 The Sergeant then orders : 
 
 1. Front, 
 
 2. Right — DRESS. 
 
 On hearing the first word the rank will front ; 
 upon hearing the second they will dress. 
 
 The sergeant then directs the man on the right 
 to call one, the next two, and so on, alternately, 
 until he has gone through the whole. 
 
 The following commands are then given : 
 
 1 . Forin ranks. 
 
 2. March. 
 
 3. Front. 
 
 Upon the word march being pronounced, the 
 men who called the number two, step back ob- 
 liquely to the right, one pace, so as to cover the 
 right hand man ; upon the third word, they front 
 as usual. 
 
 The company is then by the sergeant to be 
 divided into two platoons, called the first and se- 
 cond platoons. 
 
 The word will then be given, 
 1. Second platoon. 
 
24 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 2. For7vard— March. 
 
 3. Halt. 
 
 4. Dress. 
 
 At the word march, the second platoon will ad- 
 vance one pace, halt and dress. 
 The sergeant then orders .* 
 
 1. Platoons 
 
 ^.2, Right andlcft^^Y ACE, 
 
 3. Mauch. 
 
 At the word face, the first rank of each platoon 
 faces to the right, and the rear rank to the left. At 
 the word anarch, the man on the right of the front 
 rank of the first platoon, stands firm, the others 
 closing upon him ; the men of the rear rank march 
 successively, face to the right, and form on the left 
 of the front rank. At the word march, the second 
 platoon follows the directions given to the first, 
 excepting that the front rank advances, followed 
 by the rear rank, both forming in front of the first 
 platoon, and thus becoming the front rank of the 
 company. 
 
 The sergeant then orders, 
 
 Front. 
 
 At which word the whole f?!ce to the front, and 
 the company is thus formed into two ranks ; the 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 2b 
 
 (allest men alternately on the right and left of the 
 ranks to which they belong ; and the files of the 
 rear rank, successively taller than those of the 
 same files before them. 
 
 This being accomplished, the sergeant will di- 
 vide the company into platoons and sections, and 
 post the non-commissioned officers and gioneers 
 in the following manner : 
 
 Plate 1. 
 
 The second sergeant in the rank of file-clos- 
 ers, two paces in the rear of the left of the second 
 platoon. This sergeant, in the eviplutions, is the 
 guide of the left of his company. 
 
 The third sergeant in the rank of file-closers, 
 covering the third file of the fourth section. 
 
 The fourth sergeant, in the rankoffileclosersj 
 covering the third file of the second section. 
 
 (The fifth sergeant, in the rank of file-closers, 
 covering the third file of the third section.) 
 
 The corporals, according to their height, on the 
 right and left of the company, in the rear in pref- 
 erence to the front rank. 
 
 (The pioneer, in the rank of file closers, oppo* 
 site the centre of the second section.) 
 
 Method of ranking and sizing and of forming the 
 company iii the occasional order of three deep. 
 
 The company, having/orme<fr«?iA 9 as in the 
 3 
 
26 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 habitual order is then by the first sergeant, told 
 off into three divisions from the right. 1st, 2d 
 and 3d divisions He then cOmilaauds, 
 
 1. 2d and 3d divisiom^ forward. 
 
 2. March. 
 
 5. Halt. 
 
 4. Dress. 
 
 At the word triarchy the second division steps 
 forward one pace, halts and dresses; the third 
 division steps forward two pace s, h ilts and dress- 
 es. Tiie sersreant then proceeds as in the habit- 
 ual order, substi tiring the word division for pla- 
 toonj and forming ihe second division in front of 
 the first, and the third in front of the second. 
 
 The company being formed in the habitual or- 
 der of two deep, the captain takes the command. 
 
 Plate i. 
 
 STATION Of THE OFFICERS. 
 
 The captain in the front rank, on the right of 
 his company. 
 
 The first lieutenant in the rank of file-closers, 
 two paces in the rear of the centre of the second 
 platoon. 
 
 (The second lieutenant in the rank of file-clo- 
 sers, two paces in the rear of the centre of the first 
 platoon. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 27 
 
 (The third lieutenant in the rank of file closers, 
 two paces in the rear of the left of the first platoon.) 
 
 The ensign in the rank of file closers, two pa- 
 ces in the rear of the centre of the fourth section. 
 
 The station of the first sergeant is in the rear of 
 the captain, covering hhn in the rear rank. In the 
 evolutions, this sergeant is named the covering 
 sergeant, and will be the guide of the right of his 
 company. 
 
 FROM TWO RANKS FORMING INTO THREE. 
 
 The company being told off in three divisions 
 from right to left ; the captain commands, 
 
 Form three — deep. 
 
 On which the third division instantly steps 
 back one pace ; he then orders, 
 
 Right— 'FKCYl. 
 
 At the word /ace the thit d division faces to the 
 right ; the man on the right of the front rank on 
 facing, disengages a little to his right. The word 
 is then given, 
 
 March. 
 
 When the front rank men of the third division 
 step off, those of the rear rank mark the time, un« 
 til they have passed, and then follow. When 
 the leading man has got to the right of the com* 
 pany, the captain orders, 
 
28 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 1. Halt. 
 
 2. Front. 
 
 Upon which each man halts, faces to his left, 
 and instantly covers his proper file leader. 
 
 FROM THREE RANKS FORMING INTO TWO. 
 
 The company being halted, and divided into 
 two platoons, the captain orders, 
 
 Form two — deep. 
 
 Upon which the rear rank men of the second 
 platoon instantly step back one pace ; the captain 
 then orders, 
 
 Left — FACE. 
 
 When the rear rank of both platoons face to the 
 left ; he then gives the word, 
 
 March. 
 
 On which the men of the rear rank of the se- 
 cond platoon step short, until those of the first get 
 up to them. They then move on with them in 
 file ; as their rear is clearing the left flank of the 
 company, the captain (who has shifted to this 
 flank during the movement) commands, 
 
 1. Halt. 
 
 2. Front. 
 
 3. Right forward^DUEUK. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 29 
 
 And immediately dresses them on the front 
 rank of the company, and resumes his place on 
 the right. 
 
 When the captain is instructor, the next in 
 rank performs the duties of the captain in the 
 drill, and is posted accordingly. 
 
 The company exercise is divided into six 
 lessons. 
 
 LESSON I. 
 
 OPEN RANKS. 
 
 The company being drawn up in the habitual 
 order, the instructor orders the file-closer nearest 
 to the left, to post himself on the left of the front 
 rank. 
 ,,. He then orders, 
 
 1. Attention, 
 
 2. Company. 
 
 3. Rear ranks open order. 
 
 At the third word of command, the covering 
 sergeant and the file-closer, placed on the left of 
 the company, nimbly step back four paces to the 
 rear of the rear rank, (estimating the distance by 
 the eye) and align themselves, in a direction par- 
 allel to the rank of file closers. 
 
 The instructor, at the same time, proceeds to the 
 ?ight flank, in order to ascertain whether they are 
 
 /. 
 
30 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 parallel to the front ; and if necessary, quickly ad- 
 justs their positions, giving afterwards the word, 
 
 4. March. 
 
 At this word the front rank stands firm. 
 
 The rear rank steps back in common time with- 
 out counting the steps, and shall dress on the a- 
 lignment marked out for it, conforming to what 
 has been laid down relative to "dressing back'^ 
 under the head of " dressing." 
 
 The covering sergeant dresses the rear rank on 
 the file-closer, who is on the left of the rear rank. 
 
 The file closers behind the rear rank step back 
 also at the word marchy and dress at their proper 
 distance. 
 
 FRONTi ^ji*^-,^%^/^- 
 
 At this word, the file-closer on the left of the 
 rear rank, resumes his situation in the front rank. 
 
 AIiIGNxMENT AT OPEN RANKS. 
 
 The ranks being opened, the instructor, having 
 previously numbered the files, will order the three 
 men on the right or left of each rank, to march 
 three or four paces to the front, and having dressed 
 them, will command, 
 
 By file, right forward (or ^/i/onmrr/)— dress. 
 At this word, tlie soldiers of each rank in open 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. SI 
 
 file dress up, successively, to the alignment, each 
 of them allowing the man next to him, on the side 
 to which tht' alignment is roadcj to be advanced 
 two paces, bePre he quits the original ground. 
 
 Dressing back is conducted on the same princi- 
 ples. 
 
 In this case, the command given by the instruc- 
 tor ^v>H be„ 
 
 By file, right backwark (or left backward) — dres*. 
 
 The instrijctor seeing the whole of the ranks 
 dressed, commands, 
 
 Front. 
 
 At this command the soldier turns his head to 
 the direct position to the front. 
 
 Alifjnm^ nfs by succession having habituated 
 the soldier to dress correctly, the instructor will 
 cause entire ranks to align to the front and to the 
 Tear in |)aral!ei r.nd oblique positions and direc- 
 tions, always placing: three men as a base of 
 alignment for each rank. For this purpose he 
 commands,. 
 
 Right {oT left) forward— BnESS, or right {or left) 
 backward—DhLss. 
 
 In oblique alignments at open order, the rear 
 rank need not endeavour to move by the tile lea- 
 der in dressing, since the object in view in this 
 species of instruction, is to exercise the soldiers m 
 
 / 
 
32 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 aligning themselves correctly in their respective 
 ranks in every direction. 
 
 In these various alignments, the instructor su- 
 perintends the front, and the captain (i. e. the oflS- 
 cer who performs the duties of captain in the 
 drill) the rear rank, placing themselves, for that 
 purpose, on the flank to which the dressing is made. 
 
 MANUAL EXERCISE. 
 
 The execution of every word of command, 
 should be divided into distinct motions ; and eve- 
 ry motion be performed in one second of time. 
 
 On hearing the last syllable of the word of 
 command, the soldier executes the intended mo- 
 tion smartly ; on hearing the words two^ and three^ 
 the remaining motions are to be performed. — 
 When the soldiers know thoroughly the position 
 relating to each motion inc4uded in a word of 
 command, they must be taught how to execute 
 them without dwelling on each separately. 
 
 The ranks being open, the instructor placing 
 himself before the right flank, so as to see the 
 two ranks, orders the manual exercise to be gone 
 through in the following manner. ' 
 
 WORDS OF COMMAND. 
 
 Presmt — arms. 2 motions. 
 
 Shoulder — arms* 2 
 
 Advance'— AJBMS* 3 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 3a 
 
 Shoulder — arjis. 3 motions. 
 
 Order — arms. 2 
 
 Stand at — ease. 
 
 Attention, 
 
 SJioidder — arms. 2 
 
 MoTr— BAYONET. 3 
 
 Front Rank one pace forward-^MARtn, 
 Right about — face. 
 
 Trail — arms. 2 
 
 Pl7^-— ARMS. 
 
 Take — arms. 
 
 Shoulder — arms. 3 
 Front Rank right ahout'^T Ac^, 
 
 Support — arms. 3 
 
 Slope ARMS. 
 
 Support — ARMS. 
 
 Carry — arms. 3 
 
 TJnJix— BAYONET, 3 
 
 Secure — arms. 2 
 
 Shoidder — arms. 2 
 
 Fix BAYONET. 3 
 
 Charge — bayonet, 2 
 
 Sho2dder--AKM8. 2 
 
 Prf^m^— arms. 
 
 Plate t, fig. 2. 
 
 One word and two motions. 
 
34 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 First motion. 
 
 Turn the firelock with the left hand, the lock 
 outwards, at the same time, seizing the small of 
 the stock with the right hand, the firelock being 
 detached from the shoulder, and supported per- 
 pendicularly on the palm of the left hand remain- 
 ing under the butt. 
 
 Second Motion. 
 
 Complete the turning inward of the firelock 
 with the right hand, in order to carry it perpendic- 
 ularly opposite to the left eye, the ramrod in front, 
 and the cock as high as the lowest waistcoat button, 
 holding the firelock with the right hand at, and 
 under the gunrd ; seize it smartly, at the same time 
 with the left hand above the lock, the little finger 
 touching the feather spring, the thumb extended 
 along the barrel and stock ; keep the left arm,from 
 the elbow, joined to the body without constraint, 
 and remain fronted, without stirring the feet. 
 
 Shoulder — arxMs. 
 
 One word and two motions. 
 
 First Motion. 
 
 Spring up the firelock to the left shoulder, with 
 the right hand, turning the barrel outwards, and 
 let fall the left, to support it under the butt. 
 
COMl»ANY EXERCISE. 35 
 
 Second Motion. 
 
 Let fall the right hand briskly to i(s position. 
 
 Advance— ARMS 
 
 One word and three motion*. 
 
 First Motion. 
 
 Grasp the firelock wKh (he right hand, turning 
 the p.ece out as in the tirst molion of presenting 
 arms. *■ 
 
 Second Motion. 
 Seize the firelock wKfc (he left hand as hi<.h 
 »s.he s„ou,„er; and carry it, perpendicularly, 
 wKh the nght hand, ,0, a.,d ng,,i„st .he right shoul- 
 der the ramrod ouiwauls, the right arm almost at 
 the full extent, the right hand grasping the cock 
 and guard. 
 
 Third Motion. 
 Let the left hand fall to its natural position. 
 
 One word and three motions. 
 
 First Motion. 
 
 Detach the firelock from the right shoulder, car- 
 rj'.ng ,t perpendicularly, opposite to. and between 
 the eyes ; seize it with the left hand at thehei-^ht 
 
56 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 of the neck; lay hold of it with the right haad 
 at the small of the stock ; steadying it at the 
 height of the lowest waistcoat button, with the 
 ramrod to the front. 
 
 Second Motion* 
 
 Raise the firelock with the right hand, the thumb 
 extended on the plate opposite the lock, turning 
 the barrel outward, and place the firelock at the 
 left shoulder, letting fall, at the same time, the 
 left hand under the butt. 
 
 Third Motion. 
 tet the right hand fall to its place. 
 Order — arms. 
 
 One word and two ^notions. 
 First Motion. 
 
 Sink down smartly, the firelock to the full ex- 
 tent of the left arm; seizing it at the same time 
 with the right hand, above and near the tail pipe; 
 carry it opposite to the right shoulder ; the ram- 
 rod in front, the little finger behind the barrel, the 
 butt three inches from the ground, the right hand 
 and fore arm su})ported against the haunch, the 
 firelock perpendicular, and the left hand hanging 
 freely by the side. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 37 
 
 Second Moiien, 
 
 Let the firelock slip through the hand, and fall 
 €asy to the ground, without striking against it. 
 
 Stand ai — ease. 
 
 ■ Place the right foot about six inches behind the 
 left, resting the weight of the body principally on 
 the right leg ; and slightly bending the left knee ; 
 join the hands before the body, the upper part of 
 the firelock resting against the right shoulder, the 
 eyes to the front, and the attitude unconstrained. 
 
 Attention. 
 
 Resume the position of ordered arms. 
 
 Inspection of — arms. 
 
 I '^^■'^: One word and one motion. 
 
 Face once and a half to the right, on the left 
 heel, carry the right foot perpendicularly to tlie 
 rear of the line, six inches from, and forming a 
 right angle with the line of the left ; seize the fire- 
 lock smartly with the left hand raised to the level 
 of the lowest button of the waistcoat, inclining 
 the muzzle to the rear, without moving the butt 
 from its place, the ramrod being turned towards 
 the body ; carry, at the same time, the right hand 
 to the bayonet, seizing it by the socket and shank 
 in such a manner, that the extremity of the socket 
 may be an inch above the heel of the hand ^ and 
 
38 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 hat in drawing it the thumb may extend on the. 
 blade ; draw it from the scabbard, and fix it on 
 the muzzle; immediately seize the ramrod, and 
 spring it into the barrel ; then face back to the 
 front, standing at ordered arms. 
 
 The officer then, passing in front of the rank, 
 inspects successively (he arms of each man. As 
 the inspector approaches, raise or recover the 
 firelock smartly with the right hand, and sf ize it 
 with the left hand between the tail pipe and feath. 
 er spring, the lock Ijeing outwards, the lefr han*^ 
 as high as the chin, and (he firelock or>. osite to 
 the left eye; the inspector takes, and having in- 
 spected the firelock, returns it to the soldier, who 
 receives it with his right hand, and resumes the 
 position of ordered arms. 
 
 When the inspector ^hall have passed,turn into 
 the position described at the commencement of 
 inspection of arms, return the ramrod, and resume 
 the original front. \ 
 
 If instead of the inspection of arms, bayonets 
 only are to be fixed, at the word, 
 
 Fix — BAYONETS, 
 
 One word and one ^notion, 
 
 Perform the motion of inspection of arms, ex- 
 cept springing the ramrod into the barrel. 
 
 If after facing with fixed bayonets, the inspec- 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 39 
 
 P tor orders an inspection of arms with ramrotl* 
 
 sprung, at the word, 
 
 Spring — RAMRODS, 
 
 One word and one motion^ 
 
 Put the ramrod into the barrel, as described, 
 * and face to the front. Return the ramrod after 
 
 I the inspector passes, assuming the front. In this 
 
 case the arms are not thrown up to a recover when 
 the inspector passes in front. If he wish to satisfy 
 himself, whether or not the firelock is loaded, he 
 can take hokl of the small end of the ramrod, and 
 spring it in the barrel. 
 
 Bayonets being fixed and arms shouldered. 
 
 Front rank one pace forward — march. 
 
 At the word mareh^ the front rank marches one 
 pace to the front. 
 
 Right about— FAc^. 
 
 The front rank faces to the right about. 
 
 Trail — arms. 
 
 Plate v.Fig. 5. 
 
 One word and two motions. 
 
 First motion. 
 
 As in the first movement of ordering armg. 
 
4>0 COMPANY EXERCISE". 
 
 Second Motion, 
 
 Incline forward a little the muzzle of the fire- 
 k)ck, the butt towards the rear, and about three 
 inches from the ground. The right hand support- 
 ed against the haunch, in such a manner that the 
 bayonets of the men of the rear rank shall not 
 touch those who are before them. 
 
 Pile — ARMS. 
 
 The men of every odd file pile arms with the 
 next file below them; the four men joining the 
 shanks of their bayonets over their common cen- 
 tre, giving their firelocks no more inclination than 
 is necessary to keep them firmly together. 
 
 The file-closers carrying firelocks, will pile 
 them together on their line, opposite the centre of 
 the company, after the arms of the rank and file 
 are piled; and resume them as soon as the com- 
 pany Is re-«ssembled. 
 
 Sergeants in line with the rank and file, will 
 place their firelocks in the pile nearest their sta- 
 tion. 
 
 When reasserabUd for the purpose of resuming 
 arms, the men will arrange themselves as they 
 stood when piling arms, every man placing his 
 right hand on his firelock, without moving it. 
 
 Take — arms. 
 
 Gently disengage the piece from the pile, as- 
 aumin^ the position of trailed arma. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 41 
 
 Shoulder — arms. 
 
 One word and three motions. 
 
 At the word shoidder, throw back the muzzle 
 and forward the butt, so that the firelock be per- 
 pendicular in the right hand ; at the word arms, 
 shoulder the piece. 
 
 Front rank, right abcut-^FACE. 
 
 The^ front rank will face to the front. 
 The instructor will then close and dress the 
 ranks. 
 
 Support — ARMS. 
 
 One word and three motions. 
 
 First Motion, 
 
 Grasp the firelock, smartly, four inches below 
 the lock, without turning it, and raise it a little. 
 
 Second Motion. 
 
 Quit the butt with the left hand, placing the letl 
 fore-arm extended across the breast, su[>porruig [ha- 
 cock ; the hand on the right breast. 
 
 lliird Motion. 
 
 Let the right hand fall smartly to its position. 
 
 Slope ARMS, 
 
 Carry the firelock, indifferently on either should 
 
 d«r, with either hand, the barrel sloped. 
 
 4* 
 
42 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 Sw/?porf— ARMS* 
 
 Resume quickly the position of supported arms. 
 Carri; — arms. 
 
 One word and three motions. 
 
 First Motion. 
 
 Grasp the small of the stock with the right 
 hand, brisk Ij. 
 
 Second Motion, 
 
 Drop the left hand smartly under the butt. 
 
 Third Motion. 
 
 Let the right hand drop quickly to the right 
 side, and the firelock, at the same time sink dowia 
 to its position of shouldered arms. 
 
 LT/z^x-— B A Y N E T . 
 
 One word and three motions. 
 
 First Motion, 
 
 Sink down the firelock by stretching the left 
 arm, and grasp it, at the same lime, with the right 
 hand above, and near the tail pipe at the swell. 
 
 Second Motion. 
 
 With the right hand let down the firelock along 
 ihe left thigh to the ground ; seize it with the left. 
 
 «^. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 4-S 
 
 hand placed above the right, carrying the muzzle 
 opposite to the middle line of the body ; strike off 
 the bayoQet with the right hand, returning it into 
 the scabbard, and leaving the right hand near th® 
 iocket of the bayonet. 
 
 Third motion, ^ 
 
 Throw the firelock to the shoulder with the left 
 hand, seizing it at the small of the stock with the 
 right, and complete the motion of shouldered 
 arms. 
 
 S^CM/^— ARMS. 
 
 One word and two motions. 
 
 First Motion. 
 
 Grasp smartly the firelock with the right hand, 
 the thumb on the S opposite to the lock, and the 
 fore finger against the cock ; detach, at the same 
 time, the firelock, from the shoulder, keeping the 
 barrel outwards ; seize the firelock at the tail-[)ipe 
 swell, with the left hand, the thumb extending a- 
 long the ramrod, the firelock perpendicularly oppo^ 
 site to the shoulder, and the left elbow lying flat 
 on the firelock. 
 
 Second motion. 
 
 Invert the firelock, turning the butt backwards 
 under the left arm, the left hand remaining under 
 the swell- tailpipe, the thumb pressing against the 
 
44 COMPANY EXERClSfT. 
 
 ramrod to prevent its sliding out, the little finger 
 supported against the haunch, and the right hand 
 falling at the same time into its position on the 
 right side. 
 
 Shoulder-^ A.RUS, 
 
 m 
 One word and two motions. 
 
 First motion. 
 
 Raise up the firelock to the shoulder, but not 
 suddenly, lest the ramrod be projected from its 
 pipes ; seize it with the right hand at the small of 
 the stock to support it against the shoulder, and 
 quit the hold of the left hand, at the same time 
 placing it smartly under the butt. 
 
 Second motion. 
 
 Let the right hand fall quickly into its position, 
 sinking at the same time the firelock with the left 
 hand to its proper place. 
 
 Fix BAYONET. 
 
 One word and three motions. 
 
 First motion. 
 
 Done as in the first motion of unfixing bayonet. 
 
 Second motion. 
 
 With the right hand let down the firelock ^^r^ng 
 the thigh, the muzzle being opposite the m wie 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE 4 5 
 
 line of the body ; seize it with the left hand im- 
 mediately above the right ; grasp with the rigkjt 
 hand the socket of the bayonet; draw it from (he 
 scabbard, and carry it, smartly, to be fixed at the 
 muzzle ; the right hand remaining at the shank of 
 the bayonet. 
 
 Third motion. 
 
 As in the third motion of unfixing bayonets, 
 
 Plate v. Fig. 4. 
 
 C/iarg-^—- B AY ONET. 
 
 One word and tivo mciicns. 
 First mciion 
 
 Half face to the right, orvthe left heel, placing, 
 at the same time, the rightToot square behind the 
 left hee^ the holiow of liie foot resting against 
 that bee!; turn the firelock with the left hand, 
 the lock outwards, at the same time seizing the 
 small of the stock, two full inches below \\\e cock, 
 with the right hand, the firelock being detached 
 from the shoulder, and supported perpendicularly 
 on the palm of the left hand, remaining under the 
 butt. 
 
 Second motion. 
 
 With the right hand, bring down the fire- 
 lock to the charge, into the left hand, which seiz- 
 
46 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 > 
 es it a little before the tail-pipe; the barrel up- 
 permost, the left elbow near the body, the right 
 supported against the haunch, and the point of the 
 bayonet as high as the eye. 
 
 Shoulder — arms. 
 
 0«€ ward and two motions. 
 
 First motion, ^ 
 
 Turn to the front on the left heel, bring up 
 the right heel to the side of, and in a line with 
 the left ; and spring up, at the same time, the fire- 
 lock with the right hand, to the left shoulder, pla- 
 cing the left hand under the butt. 
 
 Second motion. 
 Let the right hand fall quickly to its place. 
 
 PRIME AND LOAD BY TWELVE WORDS OF COMMAND. 
 
 Load — ARMS. 
 
 2 Motions, 
 
 Open — PAN. 
 
 1 
 
 Uan^/^— .CARTRIDGE. 
 
 1 
 
 Tear — cartridge. 
 
 1 
 
 Trime. 
 
 i 
 
 Shut — PAJ7. 
 
 1 
 
 Cast ABOUT. 
 
 2 
 
 C/iarg-f— -CARTRIDGE. 
 
 1 
 
 ZJran — ramrod. 
 
 2 
 
 Ra77l CARTRIDGE. 
 
 1 
 
 JBefMrn*— ^RAMROD. 
 
 2 
 
 Shoulder-'^KUS. 
 
 3 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 47 
 
 Load — ARMS. 
 
 One word and two motions. 
 
 First motion. 
 
 Half face to the right, on the left heel, placing 
 at the same time the right foot square behind the 
 left heel, the hollow of the foot resting against that 
 heel, turn the firelock with the left hand, the lock 
 outwards, at the same time seizing the small of 
 the siock with the right hand, the fire lock being 
 detached from the shoulder, and supported per_ 
 pendicularly on the palm of the left hand, remain- 
 ing under the butt. 
 
 Second motion, 
 
 Siok Oie firelock into a slanting position with 
 the right l)and, the Isft meeting and seizing it at 
 the swell, near the tail v/ipe, the thumb of the left 
 hand point: iig uf vard^ along ihe swei!, the butt 
 under the forepart oi the right arm ; the breech 
 and sm.rl» ^Ccck resting against (he body, two inch- 
 es, nearly, ursder the right breasJ ; the <^p of the 
 barrel as high ^s. the eyes ; the guard turned a 
 little outward; the left elbow supijorted on the 
 side at the haunch ; the thumb 6f the right hand 
 against the top of the uan-steel, above the level of 
 the flint, and placed there at the moment when 
 the firelock is thrown into the slanting position ; 
 the four fingers of the right hand shut, and the right 
 
4B COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 arm from the elbow to the wrist, lying along th« 
 
 ?3«tt. 
 
 Open — PAK. 
 
 One word and (fne motion, 
 
 Tiirow open the pan with the thumb of the 
 I igbt hand, the left resisting and holding the piece 
 liraily ; apply the right hand to the cartridge box, 
 by drawing back the elbow, and passing the hand 
 between the butt and the body ; and open the 
 cartridge-box. 
 
 Hanf//(?— ^CARTRIDGE. 
 
 One word and one motion. 
 
 Take the cartridgtj between the two fore fingers 
 and thumb, and carry it to the mouth, ready for the 
 teeth to act, the right hand passing between the 
 body and the butt. 
 
 Tear — cartridge, 
 
 Plate hi. Fig. -i. 
 
 One word and one motion. 
 
 Bite off the lop to the powder, holding the car- 
 tridge from where the powder has been uncovered, 
 between the thumb and two fore fingers ; sink 
 down the cartridge, holding it perpendicularly 
 against the pan, the palm of the right hand turne^l 
 tov;ardsthe body, and the right elbow leaning on 
 or against the butt. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 4^^ 
 
 PRIME. 
 
 One word and one motion. 
 
 Sink forward the head, and look down to the 
 pan filling it with powder; press close the top of 
 the cartridge at the opening between the thumb 
 and fore-finger; raise the head, placing fhe right 
 hand behind the pan, and hold the little finger 
 and the third finger firm against the back of the 
 pan. 
 
 Shit — PAN. 
 
 One word and one motion. 
 
 Hold the firelock firm with the left hand ; shut 
 the pan close and firmly with the two last fingers, 
 bolding the cartridge always between the thumb 
 and two first fingers ; seize immediately the small 
 ©f the stock with the two lasl fingers and palm of 
 the right hand ; keep the wrist close to the body, 
 and the elbow pointed to the rear, and a little de- 
 tached from the body. 
 
 Cast — ABOUT. 
 
 One word and two motions. 
 
 First Motion. 
 
 With the right arm smartly stretched, without 
 lowering the right shoulder, swing round the fire- 
 lock to (he left thigh, along which the butt must 
 press strongly, turnijog at the same time, the ram- 
 5 
 
50 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 rod towards the body, opening and letting the 
 piece slip through the left hand as far as tht mid- 
 dle pipe, the lock resting on the thumb of the right 
 hand ; face, at the same time, to the front, turning 
 on the left heel, carrying the right foot forward, 
 the heel resting against the hollow of the left. 
 
 Second Motion. 
 
 Plate hi. Fig. 5. 
 
 Quit the firelock with the right hand, sinking 
 it with the left along, and near the body, raising 
 at the same time, the right hand within two inch- 
 es of the barrel, to the top of it; let the butt fall 
 to the ground, without striking with any degree of 
 shock; and let the left hand, holding the firelock 
 a3 described, rest against the body, under fhe lev- 
 el of the lowest waistcoat button, the musket in 
 contact with the left thigh, the sight of the barrel 
 opposite to the middle line of the body. 
 
 Charge — cartridge. 
 
 One word and one motion, 
 
 Plate hi. Fig. 5. 
 
 Glance the eye to the muzzle of the barrel ; turn 
 smartly the upper side of the right hand towards 
 the body ; raise the elbow as high as the wrist ; 
 turn the cartridge into the barrel, shaking it, and 
 kave the hand reversed, the fingers loosely doted. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 51 
 
 Draw — RAMROD. 
 
 One word and two motions. 
 
 First Motion. 
 
 Lower) smartly, the ri^ht elbow, and seize the 
 ramrod between the thumb and fore finger bent, 
 jteeping the other Tingj^rs shut; draw the ramrod 
 smartly, by extending the arm, with the whole of 
 the fingers opened out; seize it back handed, at 
 the middle, with the thumb and fore-finger, the 
 palm of the hand outwards; turn it quick between 
 the bayonet and body, at the same time closing 
 the fingers upon i{, the ramrods of the men in a 
 rear rank, in turning, grazing the right shoulder 
 of the mau in the front rank, in the same file, the 
 ramrod forming no angle with the line of the bar- 
 re), and parallel to the bayonet ; the arm extend- 
 ed ; the eyes looking upwards, and the thick end 
 of the ramrod kept opposite the muzzle without 
 being entered. 
 
 Second Motion, 
 
 Enter the butt of the ramrod into the barrel, and 
 insert it as far as the hand. 
 
 Ram — CARTRIDGE. 
 
 One word and one motion, 
 Plate hi. Fig. t\ 
 
 i 
 
^2 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 # 
 
 Run up the right hand to the full extent of the 
 arm, to the top of the ramrod, without letting it 
 fall into the barrel ; seize it with the thumb oj)en»^ 
 ed along it, and the fore-finger bent, the other fin- 
 gers being shut; drive it forcibly into the barrel, 
 ramming home twice ; seize it again by the small 
 end, between the thumb and fore-finger, both henf, 
 the others being shut, and let the right elbow be- 
 close to the body. 
 
 Rdtirn—RA^ hod. 
 
 One 7vard and two motions. 
 
 First Motion, 
 
 As in the first motion of drawing ramrod, bring 
 the sm Jl end of it opposite the upper pipe, and 
 hold it there without entering it. 
 
 Second Motion, 
 
 Introduce the small end, into the pipe, and slide 
 it to its place; raise the right hand quickly, and 
 place it somewhat bent, on the upper end of the 
 ramrod. 
 
 Sliculder — ^^arm s. 
 
 One word and three motions. 
 
 First Motion. 
 
 Raise the firelnck with the left hand, alonq; the 
 left side, the left hand as high as the shouldsr, and 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 5^ 
 
 the left elbow close to the body, keeping the bar« 
 rel outwasds ; aad sink down the right hand, in or- 
 der to seize the firelock at the small of the stock. 
 
 Second Motion, 
 
 Raise the firelock with the right hand, let the 
 left hand fall to seize and support the butt, car- 
 rying back, at the same time, the right heel to the 
 side of the left, and in the same line; support the 
 firelock against, and at the left shoulder, the right 
 hand touching the small of the stock, without 
 pressing. 
 
 Third Motion. 
 
 Let the right hand fall to its natural position. 
 Having gone through the manual, the instruc- 
 tor proceeds to close the ranks. 
 
 Rear rank close or«fer— march. 
 
 At the word march the rear rank close, in 
 common time, each man covering his file leader. 
 
 ALIGNMENT OF CLOSED RANKS. 
 
 The alignments of close and open order are the 
 same, excepting that in aligning at close order, 
 the officer who performs the duties of captain ia 
 the drill, superintends the front, and the coveriog 
 sergeant the rear rank. 
 
 To rest, the iastructor orders, 
 
 5* 
 
54 . COMPANY EXERCISEr, 
 
 1. iSi/pporf— ARivrs, 
 
 Or, Order — arms. 
 
 2. Rest. 
 
 Afier the word rest is given, the men are not 
 required either to be steady, or maintain their po- 
 sition. This should take place at the conclusion 
 of every lesson. 
 
 When the intention is to permit the soUliers te 
 rest themselves, but without losing their dressing ; 
 after directing arms to be supported or ordered, 
 the further word will be. 
 
 On your ground —rest. 
 
 When this command is given, the soldiers are 
 not required to keep the body steady or immovea- 
 ble, but they must keep the left heel exactly in it* 
 place. 
 
 LESSON It. 
 
 The instructor gives the folIowiDg fvords of 
 eemmand : 
 
 1. ATTENTION". 
 
 2. Company. 
 
 3. S&oirf«fer— ARMS. 
 
 He then exercises the company in the loadings 
 zmA firi ngs, in the foiloTving order : 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 55 
 
 LOAD IN CtUiCK TIME. 
 
 The object of this species of loading is t» 
 make the soldier understand and distinguish what 
 motions, urid r different words of command, are to 
 begone through without stopping ; and what mo- 
 tions, in their CKecution, require more attention 
 and regularity, constituting a pau?e ; such as those 
 of priming, putting the cartridge into the barrel, 
 and ramming home. 
 
 To inculcate this, the loading is divided int« 
 four principal pauses, denoted by words, as fol- 
 lows. The first set of motions, in quick time, 
 without any sensible pause will be executed on 
 hearing the word of command ; and the other mo- 
 tions, without actually stopping at the words twe, 
 three SLn6four. 
 
 Load in quck titne — load* 
 
 Execute the two motions of the word load 
 open the pan ; take the cartridge, bite off the top> 
 carry it down to the pan, and prime. 
 
 Two. 
 
 Shut the pan, cast about, turn the cartridge into 
 the barrel, shaking and inserting it well. 
 
 Three. 
 
 Draw the ramrod> enter H, add ram bon^f?^ 
 
 F#wr. 
 
65 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 Return the ramrod, and shoulder arms. 
 
 Loading in quickest time is executed without 
 the four pauses of loading in quick time. 
 
 Loading in quickest time being that made use 
 of inaction; soldiers should gradually be brought 
 to load and fire, at least, three or four times in a 
 minute. 
 
 In loading in quick and quickest time, when at 
 the commencement, the troops come down to the 
 priming position, the captain and the covering 
 sergeant half face to the right, along with thei^ ; 
 and w hen the troops, in loading, cast about, they 
 front. 
 
 DIRECT FIRINGS. 
 
 FlUING BX COMPANY. 
 
 To effect this, the instructor orders as follows : 
 1. The Compart]/ mil fire. 
 2. Cmnmence Firing. 
 
 At the first word, the captain retires, quickly, 
 behind the centre of his company, two paces in the 
 rear of the rank of file-closers. 
 
 The covering sergeant falls back into the align* 
 men t of (he rank of file closers, opposite to the in- 
 terval he stands in ; and this rule is general, with 
 respect to the covering strgean*. during (he firings. 
 
 On hearing the eecoud worU of commauU; the 
 captain orderieii 
 
# 
 
 COMPANY EXERCISE. br 
 
 1 Company, 
 
 2. HEADY. 
 
 One word and three motions. 
 
 Plate iv. Fig. 2. 
 
 Position of the front rank. 
 
 First Motion. 
 
 As in the first motion of lon'ing. 
 
 Second motion. 
 
 Brins; the firelock with iho rign^ hnw\ before the 
 middle of the hod) ; plnce Vai' left ha;id, with the 
 VntU' finorer totiching the feather spring, i\n\ the 
 thi- -b as high .is the chin, ;»ointin2; up v Tdsalon^ 
 the vv( od of the st ick, the {>!ate op losile to the 
 lock, being turned ahiiost towards {he body, and 
 the ratnrod lowards the front ; and apply at the 
 game time, the (hura'. 4' the rij^ht htUid to the liead 
 of the cock, the f')re-iinp:er nnder and against the 
 guard, and tlie three other iiugers joined to the 
 first. 
 
 Third inotion. 
 
 Sink down, smartly, the ight elbow, cocking at 
 the same time, and seize the firelock at the small 
 tf the stock. 
 
.8 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 Position of the rear rank. 
 
 The three motions done in the same manner as 
 by the men of the first rank. 
 
 Aim. ^ 
 
 One word and one motion. 
 
 Plate ir. Fig. 5. 
 
 Sink down smartly the muzzle of the piece 
 slipping the left hand along fh<' stock as far as the 
 tail pipe; apply the butt to the right shoulder ; let 
 the muzzle he a little below the level of the eye, 
 and the right elbow kept lowered, without being 
 pressed against the body ; shut the left eye; sink 
 for want the head in order to level ; and place the 
 fore finger on the trigger. 
 
 Plate iv. Fig. 6 
 
 The men of the rear rank will, at the same time, 
 step with the right toot eight inches to the right, 
 towards the left heel of the man who is on their 
 Tight. 
 
 In order to habituate the soldier to the word 
 fire, he should be frequently directed to 
 
 Recover-^ARMB» 
 
 One word and one motion^ 
 
 Come to the rmsition of recovering arms firmly, 
 as deFcribed under the eecoad motion of ready^ 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 59 
 
 remaining in the third position, alter cocking, ia 
 the third motion. ^ 
 
 Aim. 
 One word and one fnotioih 
 Done as before described. 
 Fire. 
 One word an d one motion. 
 Apply with lorce, the first finger to the in...r 
 m hout lowering or tt,rning the head, and remain 
 in that position. 
 
 Lojts. 
 One word and one motion. 
 Drop the firelock, smartly, into the position of 
 he second motion of loading, as described; ^ith 
 
 hethumbandforefingerbent, seize the top of 
 the cock, the other fingers remaining shut. The 
 
 "Z 1 ,!'!, T ""' "'" '""y "««»' »he right 
 foot, behind the lef,, placing the hollow of that 
 foot, against the left heel. 
 Ja this position the ranks are to load; at the 
 
 Half-cock—wmEhocK. 
 On( word and one motion. 
 Raise thecockto thehaIf<ock, takiag care not 
 
60 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 to cock if; carry the right hand between the butt 
 and body, and open the cartridge-box. 
 
 When instead of loading, the ranks are to come 
 to shouldered arms, the word will be given : 
 
 Shoulder — arms. 
 
 At the word shotdder, the soldier will half-cock, 
 shut pan, and seize the firelock at the small of the 
 stock. At the word arms, they will shoulder 
 smartly, and front. 
 
 To fire in three ranks the following rules will 
 be observed. At the word readt/, the front rank 
 will execute the following motions: 
 
 Front rank kneeling. 
 
 One word and three motions. 
 
 First motion. 
 
 Turn the firelock with the left hand, the lock 
 outward ; seize it with the right hand, at the small 
 of the st(ck, as in the first motion of loading; 
 and remain facing to the front, turning the point 
 of the left foot a little- inwards. 
 
 Plate iv.P'ig. 1. 
 
 Second motion. 
 
 Throw the right foot smartly to the rear, fhe 
 heel raised, and the loot resting on the toes ; knee! 
 down with the right knee ten or ivselve inches in 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 61 
 
 llie rear, and about six inches to the right of the 
 left heel, observing not to come down suddenly ; 
 bring down the firelock at the same time with the 
 tight hand, and seize it with the left hand at the 
 tail-pipe; place the butt on the ground without 
 striking it against it ; place it in front of the right 
 thigh, in such a manner that th« fore rounding of 
 the heel of the butt, may be opposite to the left 
 heel; and at the same time seize the cock with 
 the thumb and fore finger. 
 
 Third motion. 
 
 Cock the piece. 
 
 The motions of the second and third ranks are 
 the same, as those of the front and rear ranks in 
 the habitual order of two deep. 
 
 At the subsequent command, loady Avhen the or- 
 der is three deep, the following motions will be 
 executed. 
 
 LoAi). 
 
 One word and one motion. 
 
 Drop the firelock smartly into the second mo» 
 tion of loading, excepting that the thumb with 
 the fore finger bent, will seize the top of the cockj 
 the other fingers remaining shut; the men of the 
 front rank, will, without stooping forward, smartly 
 spring up, keeping back the right shoulder, in or- 
 der to avoid the firelocks of the centre rank, and 
 
62 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 the men of the rear rank will carry back the right 
 foot behind the left; placing the hollow of that 
 foot against the left heel : 
 
 Halfcock — FIRELOCK, 
 
 and Shoulder "-ARMS i 
 
 Are performed as in the habitual order of two 
 deep. 
 
 0BL1Q,UE FIRINGS. 
 
 Oblique firings are executed to the right and 
 left, by the same words as the direct fires, with 
 this only difference, that the words oblique to the 
 right or left, follow the caution readi/. The men 
 in the rear rank, on hearing the caution, fix their 
 eyes on the opening between the two men in front 
 of them, through which they are to aim. 
 
 POSITION OF THE RANKS IN THE OBLIQUE FIRES 
 TO THE RIGHT. 
 
 At the word rca(h/,hoih ranks act as in the case 
 ©f a direct fire. 
 
 At the word aim, the men of the front rank di- 
 rect their firelocks to the right, without stirring 
 the feet. 
 
 The men of the rear rank advance the left foot 
 about six inches, and towards the point of the 
 right foot of the man of the front rank of the files 
 they respectively belong to, advancing also the 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 63 
 
 body a liiile, by bending the left knee, and di- 
 recting their firelocks to the right. Both ranks 
 throw back the right shoulder. 
 
 On hearing the word load, both ranks resume 
 the position of the direct fire. The rear rank 
 men draw back the left foot, placing the heel 
 against the hollow of the right foot, when bringing 
 back the firelock to the loading position. 
 
 OBLIQUE FIRING TO THE RIGHT IN THE ORDER OP 
 THREE DEEP. 
 
 At the word ready, the tliree ranks execute the 
 motions of a direct fire in that order. 
 
 At the word aim, the men of the front rank 
 direct their firelocks to the right, by inclining the 
 left knee inwards, without deranging the position 
 of (he feet. In all other respects, the oblique fire 
 to the right, is the same as in two ranks. 
 
 POSITION OF THE RANKS IN 0BLIQ,UE FIRES TO 
 THE LEFT. 
 
 At the w^ord ready, both ranks act as in the 
 case of a direct fire. 
 
 At the word aim, the men of the front rank di- 
 rect their firelocks to the left, without stirring the 
 feet. 
 
 The rear rank advant^e the left foot about six 
 Inches, towards the right heel of the man before 
 them in file ; and also advance the upper part of 
 
(54 COMPANY EXERCISE, 
 
 the bodj, bending the left knee a little, and aiming 
 through the opening to the left of their file-leader. 
 
 Both ranks throw back the left shoulder. 
 
 At the word load, both ranks draw back their 
 firelocks in the oblique position, in which they 
 range, and prime, the rear rank men carry back 
 the left foot, placing the heel against (he hollow 
 of the right foot ; and in casting about, both ranks, 
 take their position as in the case of a direct fire. 
 
 OELK^UB FIRING TO TtlE LEFT IN ORDER OF THREE 
 DEEP. 
 
 At the word ready, the three ranks execute 
 precisely what has been prescribed, in case of a 
 direct fire in that order of foundation. 
 
 At the word, afm, the men of the front rank 
 direct their firelocks to the left, without inclining 
 the knee, or stirring the feet. In all other re- 
 spects the oblique fire to the left, is the same in 
 three ranks as in two. 
 
 1. Fire hy independent files. 
 
 2. Ready. 
 
 3. Co7n?nenc^— ^FIRING. "* 
 
 On hearing the second word of command, both 
 ranks take the position prescribed in the direct 
 and oblique firings. 
 
 At the third word of command, the men of the 
 right file in the first and second rank, fire together } 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 65 
 
 the next file aim at the i aslant the first has fired, 
 and come down to the loading position, atid so 
 on successively to the left ; but (his progression 
 only takes plaee during the first fire ; every man 
 afterwards loads and fires, without waiting for the 
 rest. 
 
 The men in the first and second rank always 
 front in casting about ; and after having loaded, 
 spring up the firelock to a recover with the left 
 band, letting the firelock slip through the left hand, 
 which seizes it near the feather springjat the height 
 of the chin ; at the same time half face to the 
 right in order to return to the prescribed position 
 of loading after firing; when the firecock is sprung 
 up to the recover, the thumb of the right hand 
 must be placed on the cock, in order to cock the 
 piece, the little finger being under, and against 
 the guard, 
 
 A RUFFLE of the DRUiVr. 
 
 On hearing this, the firing ceases. Each man 
 balf cocks if cocked ; loads if unloaded, and if load- 
 ing, completes the operation of loading ; and then 
 shoulders arms. 
 
 WHEN FIRING IN THE ORDER OF THREE DEEP, THE 
 FOLLOWING ADDITIONAL RULES WILL BE OBSERVED. 
 
 At the words, coimnence firing, the right file m 
 
 the first and second rank aim together, and fire ;. 
 6* 
 
66 COMPANY EXERCISE- 
 
 the man ia the rear rank not having to fire, loadJs 
 and hands his fireleck to the man in the centre 
 rank. 
 
 The man in the front rank loads quickly, and 
 fires again, and continues thus to load and firf . 
 
 The centre rank man having fired, with his 
 light hand passes his firelock to the man who is 
 in the rear rank of his file, who receives it with 
 his left hand, and passes his own to the man in 
 the centre rank, who fires, loads and fires a se- 
 cond time, before he passes it back to the man of 
 the third rank, excepting the first time. 
 
 The man in the rear rank always hands his * 
 firelock to the man before him, without cocking. 
 
 Before shouldering, after the ruffle of the drurtir 
 the men of the centre and rear ranks will take ^ 
 care to have their own firelocks. - f ' . 
 
 The soklier must observe, when he half-cocks ' 
 after firing, whether smoke proceeds from the touch 
 hole; if it does not, in lieu of reloading he will 
 turn off to the rear, in order to prick the touch 
 hole, and prime a second time. 
 
 The soldier must be careful in half-cocking, that 
 ke does not draw his piece back to a cock. 
 
 The ruffle should always be followed by a tap 
 €f the drum; at this signal the captain and cov- 
 ering sergeant quickly resume their places in the 
 line, and rectify if necessary (he alignment of the 
 ?ankfo 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 6f 
 
 rr there is no drum, at the order ruffle by the 
 instructor, the firings shall instantly cease; to 
 ensure which every commissioned and non-com- 
 missioned officer in the rank of file-closers, must 
 call out, cease firings and the word tap of the 
 drum stick, as a signal for the captain and cover- 
 ing sergeant to resume their original places, must 
 likewise be repeated. 
 
 FIRING TO THE REAR. 
 
 To accomplish this the instructor orders t 
 1 The company will fire to the rear^ 
 2. Company. 
 3. Right ahout'-^FACE. 
 
 At the words, right about, the captain places 
 liimself, facing, and close against, the right hand 
 front rank man of his company, and tbe covering^ 
 sergeant, and the officers and non-commissioned 
 officers of the rank of file-closers, following the 
 sergeant, step nimbly through the interval left by 
 the captain, placing themselves, facing to the 
 rear, two pacee from the front rank, and opposite 
 their respective places in line. 
 
 At the word,/ace, the captain occupies his in- 
 terval in line, but places himself in the rear rank, 
 BOW became the front, and the covering sergeant 
 places himself in the proper front rank, now the 
 year, and covering, in that situation, the captain. 
 
6$ COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 The company facing to the rear, will, by word 
 of command from the instructor, go through the 
 different species of firing. The captain and cov- 
 ering sergeant acting as has been directed. 
 
 IndepencJent file firing, commences from the 
 left flank of the company, now become the right. 
 
 To front the campany, the instructor orders : 
 
 1 The company mllfr&ni. 
 
 2. Company. 
 
 Right about — face. 
 
 At the word, right about^ the captain, the cov- 
 ering sergeant and the rank of file-closers, con- 
 form to the directions given above. 
 
 At the word, face, the captain and covering 
 sergeant resume their places jin line. 
 
 The rank of file closers, are not to fire unle&a 
 especially so ordered. 
 
 LESSON IIL 
 
 MARCHING IN LINE. 
 
 The company being drawn up, correctly align- 
 ed, for the march in line, the instructor having 
 previously assured himself, that the shoulders of 
 the captain and the covering sergeant, are per- 
 fectly in the line of direction of their relative 
 ranks, and also that the latter correctly covers 
 the former, places himself from fifteea to twenty 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 6* 
 
 paces ia front of the captain, facing him, on the 
 prolongation of the line passing between the heeU 
 of the captain and the covering sergeant. 
 
 The instructor, having aligned himself, exactly » 
 on ths directing file, commands : 
 
 1. Comvany — forward 
 
 At this word a non-commissioned officer, se- 
 lected previously, from the rank of file-closers> 
 proceeds, six paces in frgnt of the captain ; and 
 the instructor, situated as has been just described^ 
 correctly aligns this noncommissioned officer, in 
 the line of prolongation of the directing file. 
 
 This non commissioned officer, being the per- 
 son charged with the direction of the march, 
 must, after his own position is fixed, with his eye, 
 mark two points on the ground, en a straight line 
 proceeding from his own heels to, and passing be- 
 tween those of the instructor. 
 
 This arrangement being made, the instructor 
 commands. 
 
 2. March. 
 
 At this word of command, the company step 
 off smartly together; the non-commissioned offi- 
 cer charged with the direction of the march, must 
 maintain, with the greatest precision, the length 
 and cadence of the step ; must march in the di- 
 ?ectioa of the two points taken up in the line be? 
 
70 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 tweenhim and the instructor, in proportion as he 
 advances, and always before he arrives at the 
 nearest of the two points originally fixed on, ta- 
 king up new points, accurately in the prolonga- 
 tion of the two first, and at fifteen or twenty paces 
 from each other; the captain constantly marches in 
 the path traced out by the directing non-commis- 
 sioned officer, keeping always at the distance of 
 six paces from him ; and the soldiers must keep 
 the head to the front direct, feeling lightly the el- 
 bow of the man next to them respectively, to- 
 wards the side of the file of direction, and con- 
 forming to the following principles. 
 
 To touch lightly the elbow of the man on the 
 side on which the guide is. 
 
 Not to open out the left elbow, or the right arm. 
 To yield to a pressure coming from the direct- 
 ing flank, and to resist that coming from the oppo- 
 site side. 
 
 To retouch, very gently, and as it were insen- 
 sibly, the elbow of the man towards the directing 
 flank ; in case he should incline olT in that 
 direction; or in case the person wishing to le- 
 sume the touch of the elbow, may himself, have 
 opened out from the leading flank. 
 
 To keep always the head direct to the front, the^ 
 eyes fixed on the ground, at the distance of twelve 
 or fifteen paces in front, on whatever flank the 
 guide may be posted. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. Tl 
 
 If a soldier finds himself too far advanced, or 
 too much behind, gradually to regain his situation, 
 cither by insensibly lengthening or contracting his 
 step. 
 
 The front rank men next to the captain, 
 must be particularly careful never to project in 
 line before him, nor push him laterally ; and for 
 this purpose, he must always keep the line of his 
 shoulders, in a very small degree, back, or to- 
 wards (he rear ; but, at the same time, in a direc* 
 tion parallel to those of the captain. 
 
 The rank of file-closers marches two paces io 
 the rear of the rear rank. 
 
 If the soldiers loose the step, the instructor com- 
 mands : 
 
 STEP. - 
 
 At which word, the soldiers glance to the dt. 
 recting sergeant, take up the step, and turn the 
 head again immediately to the front. 
 
 If the com[)any is exercised without any refer- 
 ence to its place in the regiment, the instructor 
 posts the captain and covering sergeant, sometimes 
 on the right, and sometimes on the left of the com- 
 pany ; but when the company exercised is a bat. 
 talion company, if belonging to \>\t-, right wing, the 
 captain end covering sergeant are posted on the 
 left, and when belonging to the left j they are post- 
 ed on the right flank. 
 
72 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 To halt the company marching in line, and to 
 dress it, the instructor orders, 
 
 1. Company, 
 
 2. Halt. 
 
 At the word haU, the company halts ; and the 
 guide is to remain in his situation, unless the in* 
 structur orders him to retire to his place in the 
 line. 
 
 The company being halted, the instructor will 
 make the three files nearest to the directing flank, 
 advance, and will align the company on them, as 
 a base line, or he may confine himself to rectifying 
 the alignment. In the last case the instructor 
 commands 
 
 1. Right (or left}— i)RES9. 
 
 On which the captain dresses such files as re*- 
 quire it. 
 
 OBLIQUE MARCHING IN LINE. 
 
 The company marching to the front in liiie,^" 
 will oblique by the following commands : 
 
 1. Right (or left) oblique. 
 
 2. March. 
 
 At this command, to be given, at the instant 
 when the left foot is coming to the ground, the 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 73 
 
 company will oblique ; Ihe guide must give his 
 utmost attention to maintaining the squareness of 
 the shoulder, parallel to the original front, and to 
 oblique with an uniform movement and step ; the 
 ca|)tarn will conform to the march of the guide ; 
 the soldiers keep up the light touch of the elbow, 
 towards the side of the directing flank ; and the 
 man next the captain, must be careful not to pro- 
 ject to the front, before him, nor to press him lat- 
 erally. 
 
 To resume the march direct to the front, the 
 command will be, 
 
 1. Forward, 
 
 2 March. 
 
 At the word march^ which must be pronounced, 
 at the moment when the foot is coming to the 
 ground, the company is to resume the direct march 
 to the front ; the guide will place himself on the 
 prolongation of the line of the captain and cover- 
 ing sergeant, and marking two points on that line, 
 proceed, as directed under the head of marching 
 in line. 
 
 To mark time when the company is marching 
 in common time, to the front, the instructor com- 
 mands, 
 
 1. Mark time, 
 
 Q. March, 
 
74 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 To resume the ordinary step, the commands are, 
 
 1. Forward, 
 
 2. March. 
 
 To march in quick, from common time, (he in- 
 structor commands, 
 
 1. Quick time, 
 
 2. IMarch. 
 
 The word march, must be given at the instant 
 
 "When either foot, indifferently, is just coming to 
 
 the ground. 
 
 The length of the step is the same as that in 
 
 common time, but one hundred and twenty of these 
 
 steps must be taken in a minute. 
 
 In the charge, and in all circumstances requiring 
 great celerity of movement, quick time may be 
 carried as far as one hundred and forty steps in a 
 minute. 
 
 Plummets which vibrate (he required times of 
 march in a minute, are of great utility ; they ought 
 to be in possession of and constantly referred to, 
 by each captain ; the several lengths of plummets 
 swinging the times of the different marches in a 
 minute are as follows: 
 
 Common time, ninety steps in a minute ; Plum- 
 met, 17 inches »f|| of an inch in length. 
 
 Quick time^ 120 steps in a minute, Plummet 9 
 inches -j^l of an inch in length. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 75 
 
 A musket ball suspended by a string of the dif- 
 ferent required lengths, will answer the above pur- 
 pose. The length of the plummet is to be meas- 
 ured from the point of suspension to the centre of 
 the ball. 
 
 To resume the common time, the command is, 
 
 1 . Common time. 
 2. March. 
 
 The word march, must be given somewhat soon- 
 er than it is, in passing from common, to quick 
 time, and when either foot is on the ground in 
 the rear. 
 
 The company being halted, the practice of the 
 back step will arise from these words of command- 
 
 1. Backwards. 
 
 2. March. 
 
 to march in line, with the rear rank leading. 
 
 The company being halted and aligned, the 
 instructor is to order the march to the rear, with 
 the rear rank leading, as follows : 
 
 1. Company, 
 
 2. Right about — face. 
 
 The company having faced to the right about, 
 the instructor steps nimbly Mieen or twenty pa- 
 ces to the front of the leading file, on the prolon- 
 
76 COMPANY EXERCISE, 
 
 gation of ths line of ihe directing file, and cam- 
 mands, 
 
 Company — forwa rd. 
 
 At Pjis command, the leading sergeant^ posts 
 himself, at the distance of six paces from the line 
 of file cfosers, on the prolongation of the line of 
 the directing file*. 
 
 The covering sergeant posts himself, in the 
 alignment of the rank of file-closers, opposite to 
 his interval ; and the captain takes his place in 
 tlije rear rank, now become the leading rank. 
 
 This disposition being made, the instriiator 
 gives the word of command : 
 
 Maiich. 
 
 On hearing this word, all step off, the guide, the 
 captain, and the soldiers conforming to the direc" 
 tions laid down under the head of marching io 
 line to the front. 
 
 With the exception of stepping hack, the in- 
 structor, while the rear rank leads, will cause the 
 company to practice all that has been directed, ia 
 the case of marching in line to the front ; and the 
 words of command, and procedure of execution, are 
 the si*me as if 'he proper front rank led. 
 
 When the company is halted, and the instruc- 
 tor wishes 10 dress it, he will command ; 
 
 1. Company. 
 
 2. Right ct6auf— FACE, 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 7/ 
 
 The whole face to the right about, and the cap- 
 tain and covering sergeant, take their respective 
 posts in line. 
 
 The instructor may, then, order the three files 
 nearest to the directing flank to advance, to serve 
 as a base line to dress on ; or he may confine 
 himself to the rectification of the alignment. 
 
 LESSON IV. 
 
 TO MARCH TO A FLANK. 
 
 The company, standing aligned, is marched to 
 the right flank, by the following words of com- 
 mand: 
 
 1. Company, 
 
 2. Bight — FACE. 
 
 3. March. 
 
 Px,ATE IV. Fig. 1. 
 
 At the second word, the company will face to 
 the right ; the captain will also face, moving one 
 pace out of the ranks sideways, so as to be on the 
 left of the covering sergeant, and near him, after 
 he has also faced to the right, and moved lateral- 
 ly, to occupy, before the front rank man, the place 
 out of which the captain has just moved. 
 
 At the word, march^ the company steps off", 
 
 smartly together, in common time ^ the covering 
 
 7* 
 
73 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 sergeant, placed before the man on the righ^ of 
 (he front rank, and the captain placed at the side 
 of the covering sergeant, will march straight for- 
 ward. 'The men of the rear rank, will march, 
 dressing on their file-leaders, and keeping the 
 head direct to the front ; and the rank of file clo- 
 sers will march, keeping exactly opposite to the 
 file they respectively cover in line. 
 
 The in&tructor must see that the following 
 rules of marching to a flank are observed. 
 
 That at each step, the mania the rear of another, 
 plants his foot, on the spot, from whence the man 
 in front of him has raised his foot. 
 
 That the soldier does not bend the knee, ta 
 avoid treading on the heels of the man before him. 
 
 That the head of a man preceding another, 
 must cover in and hide from this last, the heads 
 of all the men who may be in front. 0^"^ ■ 
 
 The march to the left flank is executed by the 
 same words of command,excepting, that the word 
 left is substituted for the word right 
 
 At the instant that the company faces to the 
 left, the guide of the left flank, will place him- 
 self before the man on the left of the front rank; 
 the captain will go quickly to the left, placing 
 himself close to, and to the right of the guide of 
 the left; and the covering sergeant will post him- 
 self in the front rank, occupying the place of the 
 captain. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 79 
 
 WHEELING IN FILE. 
 
 Plate vi. fig. 1. 
 
 The company being faced to a flank, and either 
 marching in file, or halting, will wheelits head in 
 file, by the following words of command : 
 
 1. By files right, (or Z^if)— wheel, 
 
 2. March. 
 
 At the word march, the leading file wheels : if 
 the wheel be made on the front rank man, he i$ 
 not to turn suddenly, but is to move over a small 
 portion of a small circle, shortening a little, the 
 three or four wheeling steps, in order to give the 
 man in the rear rank of the same file , time to con- 
 form to his movement; if the wheel be made oq 
 the rear rank man, the man of the front rank in 
 the same file, will march the step of twenty -eight 
 inches in wheeling; and the man of the rear rank 
 conforms to his movement, by describing a small 
 portion of a small circle ; and each file will thus 
 wheel, on the ground on which the first wheeled. 
 
 The instructor should take care, that the dis- 
 tance between the files, be preserved, and that 
 there be no sudden stoppage, jerking forward, or 
 repulsion, on the march. 
 
 TO halt the company marching to flank, ABri> 
 TO pace it to its proper feont. 
 
 The instructor commands : 
 
8Q COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 1. Company. 
 2. Halt. 
 
 3. Front. 
 
 At the second word, the company halts. 
 
 At the third word, each man fronts, by facing" 
 to the left, if the march has been to the right 
 flank ; and by facing to the right, if the march has 
 been to the left flank. 
 
 The captain and covering sergeant, take their 
 posts in the line immediately after the company 
 fronts, 
 
 TO FORM THE COMPANY MARCniNG TO A FLANK, BY 
 FILES, TO THE RIGHT FLANK, IF MARCHING 
 TO THE RIGHT, OR BY FILES, TO THE LEFT 
 PLANK, IF MARCHING TO THE LEFT. 
 
 The instructor will cause the company, march- 
 ing to the right flank, to form, by flies, to the right 
 
 flank, in line, as follows : 
 
 » 
 
 1. Company, by files on the right form line. 
 
 2. March. 
 
 Plate vi. Fig. 2. 
 
 At the word inarch, the rear rank marks time f 
 the covering sergeant and the captain turn to the 
 light, march straight forward, and are halted by 
 the instructor, when they have passed at least four 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE 81 
 
 paces beyond the rear rank, who are marking time ; 
 the captain shifting to the right of the covering 
 sergeant : the man on the right of the front rank 
 will continue marching, pass behind the covering 
 sergeant, turn to the right when beyond him, and 
 move up to bis left, dressing on him ; the second 
 man of the front rank will, in Ihe same manner, 
 pass in the rear of the first, then turn to the right, 
 and move up to his left, dressing on him ; and so 
 on to the last man of this rank ; the rear rank will 
 execute the movement in the same manner as the 
 first, and the right hand man of the rear rank, 
 from marking time, is not lo commence the march 
 of his rank, till he sees three or four men of the 
 froni rank in line. 
 
 The men of the rear rank will place themselves 
 
 correctly, covering their respective file-leaders 
 
 as fhey come up one by one, to their places in 
 line. 
 
 If the company is marching to the left flank, 
 the inslructor can form it by files to the left flank, 
 in line, by the words of command, directed above, 
 but by inversion of mode, substituting the word 
 left, instead of right; anri the captain placed oa 
 thu left of the fro.it rank, will return to his proper 
 situation in line, irUer the instructor, seeing the 
 company formed, shall have ordered him so to do. 
 
 The better to make the me si comprehend the 
 component parts of this movement, the instruetor 
 
82 COMPANY EXERCISJi:. 
 
 will make each rank execute it separately ; direct- 
 ing them to form as if each rank was independ- 
 ent of, and unconnected with the other, but always 
 recollecting what has been directed to be done by 
 the rear rank, relative to the moment of commenc- 
 ing the march, after marking time. 
 
 THE COMPANY MARCHING TO A FLANK, FORMING 
 TO THK FRONT FROM FILE, EITHER IN COMPA- 
 NX OR BY PLATOONS. 
 
 Plate Ti. Fig. 3 
 
 The corapan}^ is supposed marching in file, fe 
 the right flank. The instructor orders the captain 
 to execute the intended movement. He will or- 
 der, 
 
 1. Company^ hyjiles^form line to the frant. 
 
 2. March. 
 
 At the word march, the covering sergeant con- 
 tinues to march straight on ; the soldiers bring 
 forward the right shoulder passing from common 
 to quick time, and move into line, over the short- 
 est line leading to their respective places, observ- 
 ing to dress up one after another, without running. 
 
 As the soldiers come into line, they are to lake 
 up the step from the covering sergeant. 
 
 The men of the reai rank will conform to tiie 
 movement of their file-leaders, whom they will 
 allow to precede them in coming up into line. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. S3 
 
 At the instant the movement commences, the 
 captain will face to his company, and conduct the 
 operation ; when the company is formed to the 
 front, "be commands, 
 
 Guide to the left. 
 
 And then posts himself two paces before the 
 centre of the company, facing to the front, and 
 taking up the step of the company. 
 
 At the word, gtnd€ to the left, the guide of the 
 left nimbly springs to the left of the front-rank man 
 there; and the covering sergeant, who is at the 
 opposite flank, remains there. 
 
 When the company is marching in £le to the 
 left flank, the movement is executed by the same 
 words of command, and on the same principles: 
 the company being formed from file to the front, 
 the captain orders, guide to the right, taking his 
 own place, two paces before the centre, the cov- 
 ering sergeant who is on the right of the front 
 rank, answers the purpose of guide on the right, and 
 the guide on the left flank remains there. 
 
 Thus in a column of companies, the covering 
 sergeant of each, will always be placed on the right 
 of the front rank, and the guide of the left, on the 
 left of the front rank man of the left flank, in their 
 respective companies, whether the column has the 
 right or left in front : they are called guide of the 
 right, and guide of the left of the compaDy, aod 
 
 I 
 
84 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 one of them will be charged with the direction, ac- 
 cording as the column may be marching with the 
 right or left in front. 
 
 If the company marching in file, to a flank, is 
 to be formed to a front, by platoons, the captain, 
 having received an order so to do, commands, 
 
 1 . Company^ by files to thefront,fortn platoons. 
 
 2. March. 
 
 This movement is executed according to the 
 same rules ; the captain posts himself before the 
 centre of the first platoon, and the first lieutenant 
 before the centre of the second platoon ; they will 
 command, guide to the rights ov^ guide to the left^ at 
 the instant that their platoon is formed. 
 
 At the word guide to the right, or, guide to the 
 Ufty given by the chief of each platoon, the guide 
 of each takes post on the requisite flank, if not al- 
 ready there. 
 
 The guide of the right of the company, is always 
 the guide of the right or left of the first platoon, 
 an^'^ the guide of the left of the company, acts as 
 guide of the right, or the left of the second pla- 
 toon. 
 
 Accordingly in a column of platoons, there will 
 be one guide on the flank of each, and he will al- 
 ways be on the left flank, if the right of the col- 
 umn is in front ; and on the right flank, if the left 
 is in front. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 85 
 
 Whether it is a column of companies or platoons, 
 the officers and non commissioned officers of the 
 rank of file-closers, will follow and remain attach- 
 ed to their respective platoons. 
 
 LESSON V. 
 
 WHEELINGS^. 
 
 Wheelings are of two sorts ; wheeling on a 
 halted pivot, and on a moveable pivot. 
 
 Wheelings from a halted pivot are used for 
 wheeling from line into column and from column 
 into line. 
 
 Wheeling on a moveable pivot, takes place, in 
 the changes of direction of a column when march- 
 ing, as often as they are executed to the reverse 
 flank. 
 
 When the wheel is made on a fixed point, the 
 pivot man, simply turns in his place, marking the 
 time. 
 
 In wheeling on a moveable pivot, the pivot 
 man takes steps of seven inches, in order to clear 
 the ground for the succeediug divisions.* This is 
 necessary, in order, that the divisions of a column 
 
 * Division is a genertl term, employed to si^ify any of those 
 equal pa rt^, into which a regiment is broken, whether they are 
 gmnd division?, com t<ani(»s, platocns, or sections. 
 
 The pivot, or, (as it ia sometimea called) the proper pivot 
 flank of the column, is that by wheelingr np to which, the divis- 
 ions of the column are brought into line, in their regular order 
 and to their proper front. The other h called tie revei-se fl&nk, 
 
 The flank of a division, on which a wheel is executed, h with 
 reference to that particular wlieel, termed the pivot, altiiough 
 with reference to the column, it may be the reverse flank, 
 R 
 
S6 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 maj be enable to change their direction, without 
 loosing their distances. 
 
 In both cases mentioned, the man on the wheel- 
 ing flank, must take steps of twenty-eight inches. 
 
 The movement termed turniDg t^^ -• ^'"i^rht or 
 left, takes place only in the change ( tion 
 
 of the column to the side of tlR v o . l^reat 
 care should be tfiken not to coni}; -t ihih sptcies 
 of movement, with whetling on a n. viable pivot. 
 
 WHEELING UN A HALTFli zlVOT. 
 
 Right wheel — march. 
 
 At the word inareh, the soldiers step olTwith 
 the left foot, and turn at the same tinv i-: 'i^ajj a 
 little to the left, their eyes ^ixed in th- direction 
 of the men who are on the le't, Tht man om (he 
 pivot marks time, turning gradually, anti eon- 
 forming himself to the movement of the wheeling 
 flank; the guide who conducts the wheeling flank, 
 steps the space of twenty eight inches from the 
 'first step, bringing forward the left shoulder a lit- 
 tle, and casting his eyes on the ground he is to go 
 over, and from time to time, along the rank wheel- 
 ing, always feeling the elbow of the man next to 
 him, but this lightly, and without ever pushing or 
 pressing him. 
 
 The other soldiers keep up the light touch of 
 the elbow, on tlie side the pivot is on, and resist 
 all pressure coming from the wheeling flank, each 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 87 
 
 man proportioning his step to his distance from 
 the pivot. 
 
 Wheeling to the left, is performed on the same 
 principles. 
 
 1 Coynpany, 
 
 2. Halt. 
 
 At the second word, the ranks halt, and none 
 stir until a further command is given. 
 
 The ranks will then be dressed and fronted. 
 
 WHEELING ON A MOVEABLE PIVOT. 
 
 To cause the fauks on a march to change di- 
 rection on a reverse flank. 
 
 ^ 1. Right (or lefty "Yvhed. 
 
 2. March. 
 
 The first word of command must be given,when 
 the front rank is within two paces of the point, 
 where the pivot is to coEimence circling. 
 
 At the second word, the wheeling is executed 
 as on a halted pivot, excepting, that the touch of 
 the elbows is kept up to the side of the guide, and 
 not to the inner, or present pivot flank. The 
 pivot man conforms himself to the movement of 
 the outer-flank, feeling, lightly, the elbow of the 
 man next to him; and takes steps of seven inch- 
 es, gaining ground, advancing and moving on a 
 
88 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 part of the circumference of a small circle; so 
 that he thus clears, or disengages the initial. point 
 of his wheeling, the middle of the rank curving a 
 little towards the rear. 
 The wheel being effected 
 
 Forward — March. 
 
 The first word is given two paces before the 
 wheel is finished. 
 
 At the second, given the instant the wheel is 
 effected, the man, directing the flank that has just 
 described the larger sweep of tlie circle, m&ves 
 straight forward, and the pivot man, together with 
 the other men, composing the ranks, resume the 
 step of twenty eight inches, directing the head to 
 the front. 
 
 TO CHANCE DIRECTION TO THE SIDE OF THE 
 GUIDE. 
 
 1 . Left (or right) turn. 
 2. March. 
 
 The first word must be given, when the front 
 rank is withia two paces of the initial point of 
 turning^. 
 
 At the second word, to be given at the instant 
 when the ranks are to commence turning, the 
 guide on thepivot flank, turns to the left (or right,) 
 OQ the march, and without rendering more slow. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. $9 
 
 or quickening the cadence of the time, and with- 
 out lengthening or sliortening the measure of the 
 step, moves forward in the niew direction ; the 
 rest of the rank, quickly conform to the new di- 
 rection in which the guide is moving., but with- 
 out running; and for this purpose, each man 
 brings forward the shoulder farthest from the guide ; 
 turns the head and eyes to the tlank the guide is 
 on ; touches the elbow of the man between hira 
 and the guide ; placing himself on the same a- 
 lignment with the guide, and turning his head 
 and eyes, then, to the front. Each man arrives 
 thus, successively, on the alignment of the guide 
 on the pivot flank. 
 
 WHEELING FORWARD BY PLATOONS FROM LINF* 
 
 If the company is to break forward, by platoons 
 to the right, the instructor commands, 
 
 1. Platoons — right rvhccL 
 
 2. March. 
 
 Plate vii. Fig. !. 
 
 At the first word of command, the chiefs of pla- 
 toons will place themselves two paces in front of 
 the centre of their platoons, facing to the rear, the 
 chief of the second platooa passing, for this pur- 
 pose, round the left flank of the company, andihejr 
 Beed not pay atteution to dressing on each other,, 
 
90 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 it being only necessary for them, to place them* 
 selves as directed. 
 
 At the word March, the man on the right of the 
 front rank of each platoon faces to the right ; the 
 chief of each platoon will move, quick, over the 
 shortest possible line, to a point on the outside of 
 that where the left will be, when the wheel is ef- 
 fected; he win place himself in such a manner, 
 that a line, drawn from him to the man on the 
 right of the front rauk, is perpendicular to the line 
 of the company, previous to wheeling ; the pla- 
 toons wheel, according to the directions for wheel- 
 ing from a halted pivot, in common time ; and 
 when the man, who conducts the wheeling flank, 
 shall have arrived within two paces of the per- 
 pendicular^ the chief of each platoon will gojh- 
 siand, 
 
 1. Platoon, 
 
 2. Halt. 
 
 At the second word, the platoons halt; the cov- 
 ering sergeant, who has remained in his original 
 place, moves, at that instant, along the front of the 
 front rank, to the point where the left flank of the 
 first platoon will rest, when dressed forward ; the 
 guide of the left moves to the front, where the leil 
 flank of the second platoon will rest, when dressed 
 forward; they must take care to leave between 
 themielves, respectively, and the man on the right 
 
COMP ANY EXERCISE. 9i 
 
 ©I* their platoons, a sufficient space to contain the 
 front of the platoon, when dressed up ; the captaia 
 and the chief of the second platoon, will regulate 
 this, taking care to align them, between them- 
 selves and the pivot man of their platoons, who 
 has faced to the right. 
 
 The guide of each platoon being thus fixed on 
 
 the perpendicular, the chiefs of platoons will com» 
 maud, 
 
 Left — DRESS. 
 
 The platoons dress on the perpendif ular line., 
 
 The dressing being effected, the chief of each 
 platoon commands /rowf, and places himself two 
 paces in front of the centre of his platoon. 
 
 The rank of file- closers conform themselvee to 
 the movement of their respective platoons. 
 
 The com[)<iny will break forward, and wheel 
 by platoons to the left on the same principles.^— 
 The instructor commands, 
 
 1. Platoons^ left rvhed* 
 2. March. 
 
 If the guide of the rear platoon do€d not exact** 
 iy cover the guide of the preceding one, he must 
 not endeavor to correct his situation till the col- 
 umn is put in march. 
 
 The man of the front rank of each platoon next 
 to the pivot m^Ui muet m i^v heeling) gaijQ a littk 
 
92 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 ground to the front in order to clear the shoulder 
 of the pivot, which projects after he faces, beyond 
 the front of the original line, a space equal to 
 half the breadth of his body. 
 
 MARCH IN OPEN COLUMN. 
 
 The company having broken to the right, from 
 line into column of platoons, the instructor, pre- 
 vious to putting the column in motion, will place 
 himself on the line of the guides, at the distance 
 of 15 or 20 paces, and facing it. 
 
 He then, being thus in the line of direction, or- 
 ders the guide of the first platoon, to mark ivfO 
 points on the ground, on the line. 
 
 The instructor commands : 
 
 1. Column Forward, 
 
 2. Guide to the left 
 
 3. March. 
 
 At the wonl march, which must be quickly, 
 and with vivacity, repeated, by Ihe chiefs of|ila- 
 toons,they and the guides, march ofif their platoons, 
 with a firm decided step, throwing forward the 
 left foot smartly, at the same instant. 
 
 The soldiers will maintain the light touches of 
 the elbows towards the flank the guide is on. 
 
 The man of each platoon next to the guide, 
 must always keep at the distance of six inches 
 &om him, in order to avoid pushing him out ol th« 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 03 
 
 direction; and he must be also careful never te 
 be more advanced than the guide. 
 
 The second guide must march, accurately, in 
 the path of the leading guide, observing to keep 
 at such a distance from him, as may be exactly 
 equal to the front of his own platoon, and to keep 
 up the same step as that of the guide who precedes 
 him. 
 
 If the guide of the second platoon lose his dis- 
 tance he ought to regain it, gradually, either by 
 insensibly lengthening, or shortening his steps. 
 
 If the guide of the second platoon has neglected 
 to follow, exactly, the traces of the first, and u 
 thereby thrown insensensibly to the left or right of 
 the proper direction, he will remedy this fault, by 
 bringing forward, more or less, the left or right 
 shoulder in such a manner, as to regain the line 
 of direction, gradually, by the direct step ; the in- 
 structor will see that the soldiers conform to the 
 movements of the guide. 
 
 "Whenever the line breaks into open column* 
 the chiefs of platoon will repeat the words of com- 
 mand, March, and Halt, given by the instructor, 
 at the moment they hear them, and without wait- 
 ing for each other. 
 
 IN OPEN COLUMN OF PLATOONS, WHEELING l|rT0 ▲ 
 
 NEW DIRECTION ON A MOVEABLE PIVOT, AND 
 
 TURNING ON A MARCH. 
 
 The column marching with the right mi frant^ 
 
94, COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 will change its direction, by order of the instruc- 
 tor, communicated to the chief of the leading 
 platoon ; the instructor will post himself at the 
 point, where the movement is to commence, in 
 the line of direction of the guides on the pivot 
 flank, with his right side nearest to the head of 
 the column. * 
 
 The guide of the head platoon must conduct 
 his march on the instructor, in such a manner, that 
 his left arm shall lightly touch the breast of the 
 instructor ; and when the leading platoon is near- 
 Ij up to the instructor, the chief of platoon com- 
 mands: 
 
 1. Left — turn. 
 
 2, March. 
 
 Plate VII. Fig. 2. 
 
 The first word of comma«d must be given, 
 when the pivot flank is within two paces of the 
 turning point. 
 
 At the word, March, which must be given at 
 the moment of arriving on the point of turning, the 
 guide turns to the left, and the soldiers turn, as has 
 been directed under the head of changing direc- 
 tion to the side of the guide. 
 
 The guide of the first platoon, having turned to 
 the left, must fix on two points on the ground, in 
 the new direction, in order to march on them. 
 
 The second platoon marches off with the firsts 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. U5 
 
 and proceeds straight forward, its guide grazing 
 the surface of the breast of the instructor, placed 
 at the turning point ; and when arrived there, this 
 second platoon will turn to the left, by the same 
 words of command, and bj* the same rules, as the 
 first platoon. 
 
 In order to wheel, on a moveable pivot, on the 
 flank opposite to that on which the guide is, the 
 instructor, after giving orders to that effect, to the 
 chief of the first platoon, will immediately proceed 
 to the point where the change of direction is to 
 commence. 
 
 The guide of the leading platoon conducts him- 
 self as has been directed above 5 and whentirrived 
 within tw© paces of the instructor, piticed on the 
 initia' r ouit of wheeling, the chief of platoon will 
 command. 
 
 1. Right whseL 
 
 2. March. 
 
 Plate vii.Fig. 3, 
 
 At the word, march, 'which is to be given at the 
 instant when the guide shall arrive at the point, 
 where the circling on the moveable^ poini, com- 
 mences, the platoon will execute the wheel to the 
 right. 
 
 The wheel being effected, the chief of platoon 
 commands. 
 
H COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 1. Forrvard, 
 
 2, March. 
 
 The first platoon resumes the direct march. 
 
 The second platoon continues to march straight 
 forward, the guide conducting it on, and towards 
 Ihe instructor ; this platoon will wheel on a move- 
 ahle pivot, in its turn, at the same point, by the 
 same words of command, and by similar means as 
 fhe first, resuming likewise the direct march. 
 
 The changes of direction of a column, having 
 the left in front, are executed on the same princi- 
 ples, and by inverted means. 
 
 TO HAIiT THE COLUMK. 
 
 The column is halted by the instructor, as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 1. Column, 
 
 2. Halt. 
 
 At the word halty quickly repeated by the chiefs 
 of platoons, they must all halt, at the same time; 
 and the guides must not stir, even though they 
 should not have their distances nor direction, un- 
 less the instructor, thinking it necessary to form 
 the line, begins with rectifying the line of direc- 
 tion. 
 
^ 
 
 COMPANY EXERCISE. 9/ 
 
 WriEN A COLUMN OF PLATOONS WHEELS TO THE 
 LEFT, OR RIGHT, INTO LINE. 
 
 The instructor having Iialted the column with 
 the right in front, in order to wheel it up into line, 
 W5ll, immediately thereafter, proceed to the dis- 
 tance of one platoon from the leading guide, whom, 
 he faces; and will, so placed on the line of the 
 guides, rectify, if requisite, the position of the se- 
 cond guide, giving then the command. 
 
 Left — DRESS. 
 
 At this word, which is not to be repeated by 
 ihe chiefs of platoons, each chief of platoon will, 
 quickly, proceed to the distance of twopaces to the 
 outside of his guide, and there direct the align- 
 ment of his platoon to be made perpendicular io 
 the direction of the column. 
 
 The chiefs of platoons, having aligned their re- 
 spective platoons, will order fronts and nimbly 
 place themselves before the centre of their pla- 
 toons. 
 
 This arrangement being made, the instructor 
 is to command, 
 
 1 . Left into line, rvheeh 
 
 2. March, 
 
 Plate vii. Fig. 4. 
 
 At the word march^ quickly repeated by iht 
 
m COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 chiefs of plalooDs, (he man in the front rank, on 
 the left of each platoon, will fa<;e to the left, and 
 is to bear his breast, lightly, against the right arm 
 of the guide placed by his side, who does not stir ; 
 the ph-xtoons wheel to the left, on the principles of 
 wheeling on a halted pivot ; and each chief of 
 platoon turns to his platoon to conduct the wheel, 
 giving the following words, when the right of hifi 
 platoon arrives within two paces of the line. 
 
 1. Platoon. 
 
 2. Halt. 
 
 The chief of the second platoon, having halted 
 ills platoon, retires to the rank of file-closers. 
 
 The captain having halted the first platoon, 
 places himself* nimbly, on the line, at the point 
 where the light will rest when dressed forward; 
 and commands as soon as he plants himself there. 
 
 Right — DRESS. 
 
 At this word, the two platoons dress up into 
 the alignment; the man of the first, who is oppo- 
 site to the instructor placed on the directing line, 
 will dress up to him, and lightly, with his breast, 
 touch bis left arm. The captain will direct the 
 alignment on the guide of the left, and then com- 
 mand, 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 90 
 
 Front, 
 
 and resumes big place in line. 
 
 The instructor, seeing the company formed 
 steady in line, Avill command, 
 
 Guides io ^our-^T STB, 
 
 At this word of command, the covering ser* 
 geant will retire behind the captain, the guide of 
 the left retiring to the rank of file-closers. 
 
 In order to wheel the column up into line, with 
 the left in front, the wheel being to the right, the 
 instructor will place himself, facing the leading 
 guide, oa the directing line, at the distance of a 
 platoon from him, rectifying, if necessary, the po- 
 sition of the second guide; after effecting which 
 he commands, 
 
 1. Wght into line, wheel, 
 
 2. March. 
 
 At the word, fJiarch, the front rank man on the 
 right of each piatcon, will face to the right, and 
 bear his breast, lighdy against the left arm of t!io 
 guide placed by his side, who does not move, 
 each platoon wheels to the right, and will be 
 halted by its chief, when the wheeling flank h 
 within two paces of the line : and for this purpose, 
 the chiefs of platoon will give the words of com- 
 mand, 
 
100 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 },PlatQon. 
 2. Halt. 
 
 The chief of the seeonJ |>iatoon, having hailed 
 bis platoon, ^,\ill retire to the rank oC file closers. 
 
 The captain, having halted the first platoon, 
 ^\ill step, nimbly, to the kl't Sank of the company, 
 placing himsei? at the point where the left hand 
 front rank man will rest when the company is ki 
 line ; and being there, will command, 
 
 Left — DRCSS. 
 
 At this word of command, the two platoons 
 dress up to the alignment. 
 
 The company being aligned, the captain will 
 command, 
 
 Front. 
 The instructor will then command, 
 Guides to your — posts. 
 
 At this command, the captain will take his 
 post on the right of the company; the covering 
 sergeant, will take his place in the rear rank cov- 
 ering the captain ; and the guide of the left will 
 retire to the rank of file -closers. 
 
 The instructor previously to commanding left 
 (or right) into line wheel, ought to see that (he 
 rear platoon has its proper column distance; this: 
 
COMPANY EXEtlCiSE^. lor 
 
 attention is important as It habifuates the guides 
 never to neglect so very essential a point. 
 
 LESSON VL 
 
 TO BREAK OFF FILES, AND TO MOVE THEM UP 
 AGAIN TO THE FRONT. 
 
 The company marching, and supposed to con- 
 stitute a part of a column^ with the right or left 
 in front, and the instructor intending to breali oIT 
 files, will ^ive an order, to that effect, to the cap- 
 tain, who immediately faces to his company, and 
 commands, 
 
 One file from the right (or left) break off. 
 
 2. March. 
 
 Pla-te VIII. Fig. 8. 
 
 At the word of command, march^ the first file 
 on the right wil! mark time, and the company will 
 continue to march on ; the man of the rear rank 
 of that file, will move as soon as the rear rank 
 of the company shall have passed him, to the left, 
 and place himself behind the second file from the 
 flank then marching on; the man of the front 
 rank will likewise move behind the first file, at 
 the instant when the rear of the company shall 
 have passed him ; and each man of the file will 
 move to his indicated situation, by bringing for- 
 ward a little the outward shoulder, taking great 
 9* 
 
care not to loos-e his distance, by falling too^&df 
 behind. 
 
 Plate viii. Fig. 0. 
 
 The instructor seeing it necessary to break oIa 
 another file, will give an order lo that effect, to the 
 caplain who will repeat the former orders for 
 breaking off a file. 
 
 At (he word, march, by the captain, the file al- 
 ready broke off, and in (he rear, advancing the 
 exterior slioulder a little, will gain the space of 
 one file to the left, and contract the step in order 
 to make room for the new file in its front ; and 
 the new file will break off in the same manner as 
 the first did, and place itself between the compa- 
 ny and the file first broken off. 
 
 Breaking off files from the left is done in the 
 same manner, the captain substituting the word 
 left or n^lit. 
 
 The instructor will, thus, be enabled to dimi- 
 nish successively, the front of the company by as 
 many files as he may judge necessary, always 
 breaking off new files from the same flanky till 
 tw o files, only, remain forming the front. 
 
 The rank of file-closers must arrange them- 
 selves behind the part of the company that has 
 not diminished itself, by breaking off files. 
 
 When the instructor sres it necessary to direct 
 some files in the rear, to form un, he will order the 
 captain to effect tjii&j by the following words of 
 omraand. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. lOr 
 
 1. File of the rij^ht (or left) into line. 
 
 2. Makch. 
 Plate VIII. Fig. 10. 
 
 On the wordmarch^ the front file of those broken- 
 off and marching behind the flank, will move up, 
 quickly, to the front, and the files in the rear will, 
 by bringing forward the right shoulder, incline the 
 breadth of one file to the left, if it is behind the 
 left flank, that the files are; or will, by bringing 
 forward the left shoulder, incline the space of one 
 file to the right, if it is behind the right flank that 
 the files broken off are placed. 
 
 The captain facing his company, will see that 
 the movement is executed according to the pre- 
 scribed rules. 
 
 Plate VIII. Fig. 11. 
 
 The instructor having, thus, caused files to break 
 off, and form u[s successively, will order, that twa 
 or three files shall break off together, or at the 
 same time; the number of named files will 
 mark time ; each rank when the rear of the com- 
 pany has passed, will bring forward, a little the 
 exterior shoulder, will oblique together, and place 
 itself behind one of the two nearest files, as if the 
 movement were executed file by file, observing 
 not to lose the distance. 
 
 The instructor will, afterwards, order the cap- 
 tain to cause two or three files, at the same time, 
 
104 COM? \N Y EXERCISE. 
 
 to move <o the front; and for this purpose, the 
 eaptaia commands, 
 
 1. Three front files into line. 
 
 2. March. 
 Plate viii. Fig. X%, 
 
 The three named files will move up quickly^ 
 over the shortest lines leading to their places. 
 
 As often as files are broken off, the guide on 
 the flank will close in to that flank, to the right, 
 or left, in proportion as the front diminishes, so 
 as to be always close to the flank of the company, 
 from which a file, or files have been broken off; 
 and he will incline ofi* from the flank, in propor- 
 tion as files are ordered to move up. 
 
 By successively, throwing files to the rear of 
 the saync flank, the front maj be reduced to two 
 files, behind which the broken off fiKs march. 
 
 When the front is reduced to four files by break- 
 ing, off from each flank, and a further diminu- 
 tion is necessary, the division must march in file, 
 with the right or left flank in front. For that pur- 
 pose, the files of the flank which is to be in front, 
 must rapidly countermarch from the rear to the 
 front ; and the rest of the division will follow ici 
 file. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 105 
 
 TO MARCH IN COLUMx\ OF ROUTE, AND TO EXECUTE 
 
 THE VARIOUS FILE MOVEMENTS PRESCRIBEP 
 
 ABOVE. 
 
 The company being haUed, and supposed to 
 form a part of a column, the instructor, to make 
 the column march at ease, mil give the following; 
 «ords of command, 
 
 1. Column forward. 
 
 2. Guide to the Icjt (or right) 
 
 3, Route Step. 
 4. March. 
 
 On the word march^ repeated \Sy the captain, 
 the ranks step off together, taking open order, to 
 about the distance of three feet from rank to rank. 
 
 The instructor commands. 
 
 Arms at — ease. 
 
 At this word (he arms may be carried in either 
 hand, or at either shoulder, the soldiers taking 
 care to keep the muzzles of their muskels up- 
 wards ; and they will no longer be required to 
 march with a cadenced step, or to keep silence; 
 the tiles march at ease, but the ranks must never in- 
 termix, and the men of the fr©nt rank must never- 
 
106 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 be further advanced to the front than the guide, 
 ^vbn 13 on the !)ivot flank, and the rear rank must 
 keep at the distance of about three feet, froin the 
 front rank. 
 
 Were the column marching with the cadenced 
 step, the route step would be assumed from tb« 
 following words of command : 
 
 1. Colnmn. 
 2. Route step, 
 
 3. March. 
 
 On the word tnarch, the front rank continues to 
 march the step of twenty eight inches, and the 
 rear rank will take open order on the march, to the 
 distance of about three feet from rank to rank; 
 and the instructor will then order, 
 
 Arms at — ease. 
 
 The soldiers marching at ease, the instructor 
 will cause the direction of the column to be 
 changed on the pivot* or on the reverse flank, 
 which h to be executed without a formal word of 
 command and simply on a caution given by the 
 captain; the rear rank will, 8uccessivel5% when 
 on the spot where the front rank effected the 
 change, wheel on a moveable pivot, or turn to-the 
 right or left, conforming, though marching at ease, 
 to the pricciples which have been detailed for 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 107 
 
 changing (he direction, when marching at close 
 order and with the cadenced step; with this only 
 difference, that in changes of dirtcliori on the side 
 opposite to the gui le, (he r>ivol man takes steps of 
 fourteen inches, in order to clear or disengage the 
 wheeling point. 
 
 The instructor will also direct the captain, to 
 exercise the men in the various tile movements 
 before detailed ; and he will close the ranks, by 
 directing the captain to give the words, 
 
 1 . Rear rank close order, 
 
 2, March, 
 
 At the w^ord march the front rank resumes the 
 cadenced step ; the rear rank and also the files 
 which may be behind the flanks broke off, quickly 
 close up, taking up, afterwards, the cadenced step ; 
 and both ranks will support arms. 
 
 When the company marching at ease, halts, 
 the rear rank closes up at the word, halt, and the 
 men support arms. 
 
 Were the company marching at closed rank, if 
 halted, arms would be carried. This rule is gen- 
 eral, whatever may be the number of companies. 
 
 In the drill of the company, a column of route 
 will march in common time. In the drill, of the 
 battalion, and on service, without observing the 
 cadence of the step, it will march, as nearly at 
 that rate, as the nature of the ground will adoiit* 
 
108 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 BREAKING AND FORMING COMPANY ON THE MARCH. 
 
 To break into platoons, 
 
 PiiATE VIII. Fig. 1. 
 
 The company marching with i\\e cadenced step, 
 ?iDd being supposed to form a part of a column, 
 ivith the right in front, the instructor in order to 
 break into platoons, will give the order for i\\Q 
 purpose to the captain, who is to command, 
 
 1 . Break into platoons. 
 
 The captain takes post before the centre of the 
 first platoon. 
 
 The chief of the second platoon, placed in it3 
 rear, will, on hearing the ?ast word of command, 
 post himself, also, before its centre, where, when 
 arrived, he will command, 
 
 Mark time. 
 The captain will then command, 
 
 2. March. 
 
 The first platoon is to continue to march 
 straight forward, and the covering sergeant will 
 place himself on its left flank, when that flank 
 separates, or is clear of the right flank of the left 
 platoon, which is marking time, passing, for this 
 purx>ose, along the front of the first platoon* 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 109 
 
 The second platoon will mark time, as previ- 
 ?)us]y cautioned by its chief, till the rear rank of 
 the first platoon has passed beyond its front, and 
 then will oblique to the right. 
 
 The guide on the left of (he second p]atoon,hav- 
 ing nearly arrived on the line of direction of the 
 first, the chiefof the second platoon will command, 
 
 Forward. 
 
 And at the instant when the guide of the se- 
 cond platoon covers the guide of the first, he will 
 command, 
 
 March. 
 
 The formation of the platoons, when the left is 
 in front, is effected by inverse means. 
 
 The left being in front, the guide of the Mt 
 will move to the right flank of the second platoon, 
 when clear of the left flank of the-first platoon; 
 and the covering sergeant on the right flank of the 
 first platoon remains there. 
 
 to form company. 
 
 Plate jx. Fig. 2. 
 
 The column marching in platoons, with the 
 
 right in front, the instructor directs the captain to 
 
 form company ; the captain eftects this by ihj- 
 
 following w^ords of command, 
 10 
 
ilO COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 1. Form Company. 
 
 The captain having given this word, is to cau- 
 tion the first platoon to prepare to oblique to the 
 right. 
 
 The chief of the second platoon^ will warn his 
 platoon to continue to march, steadily, straight 
 forward. 
 
 The captain will then command, - 
 
 2. March. 
 
 At fliis wordj which must be repeated by the 
 chief of the second platoon, the first platoon will 
 oblique to the right to uncover the second, and 
 the covering sergeant, placed on the left flank of 
 (he first platoon will move to its right, passing, for 
 this purpose, along the front. 
 . When the first platoon shall have nearly un- 
 covered, or cleared the front of the second, the 
 captain is to give the word forward \ and that Of 
 MARCH, at (he instant when his platoon has com- 
 pletely uncovered the second. 
 
 During this operation, the second platoon is to 
 continue to march straight forward at the same 
 pace, and the first, after uncovering the second 
 platoon, will mark time, waiting for the second, to 
 wliich it will unite when up to it. 
 
 The company is formed, when the left is in 
 front, by inverse means. 
 
 In this case the guide of the second [datoon 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. Ill 
 
 placed on the right flank of it, will move to the 
 left flank, when the obliqueing commences ; and 
 the guide of the first platoon, placed on its right 
 flank, remains there. 
 
 The instructor will, afterwards, exercise the 
 company in breaking and forming company, when 
 marching at ease, in column of route ; which is 
 effected by the same words of command, and by 
 similar means of execution, as when marching with 
 the cadenced step, with this only difference, that 
 in the platoon which obliques, each man will half 
 face to the right or left, instead of maintaining 
 the squareness of the shoulders to the front. 
 
 COUNTERMARCH. 
 
 The company being halted, and supposed to 
 constitute part of a column with the right in front, 
 the instructor, in order to make it countermarch, 
 will command, 
 
 1 . Company — countermarch, 
 
 2. Right — FACE. 
 
 3. Left Countermarch 
 
 4. March. 
 
 Plate ix fig. 3. 
 
 At the second word, the company is to face 
 to the right ; the captain will move to the side of 
 
1 12 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 the guide of the right ; and the guide of the left 
 will face to the right about. 
 
 At the fourth word, march^ the guide of the left i^ 
 not to move ; the company will step off smartly ; 
 the leading file, conducted by the captain, must 
 wheel to the left about, moving along the front 
 rank, now marching in file so as to arrive at the 
 distance of two paces in rear of the guide of the 
 ld\, who has not moved nor followed the compa- 
 ny ; each file will wheel, successively, on the same 
 ground on which the leading file> wheeled, and in 
 the same manner ; and when the leading file has 
 arrived as far as the guide of the left, the captaia 
 must command, 
 
 1. Company, 
 2, Halt. 
 
 ~ 3. FilONT. 
 
 4. Right — DRESS. 
 
 The first word of command is to be given, when 
 the leading file is within two paces of the point, 
 where the company ought to halt. 
 
 On the second word, the company is to half. 
 
 On the third word, the company face to the 
 side the front rank is on. 
 
 At the fourlh the word, the company will move 
 up to the alignment marked by the position of 
 the guide of the left 5 the man on the right of the 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 113 
 
 front rank, will place himself fa the left and by 
 the side of the guide ; the captain will place him- 
 self at the distanc3 of two paces to the right of 
 the guide, in order to direct the alignment, when 
 effected, he must command, FRONT, placing him- 
 self before the centre of the company ; the cover- 
 ing sergeant will then place himself on the right 
 of the front rank ; and the guide of the left, who 
 was there, will move to his place, to the left of the 
 front rank. 
 
 In a column with the left in front, the counter* 
 march would be executed on the same principles, 
 but by inverse means. 
 
 Finally, if it were a column of platoons, the 
 countermarch would be executed by the same 
 words of command and in the same manner. 
 
 TO FORM TO EITHER FLANK, FROM OPEN COLUMNS 
 OF PLATOONS. 
 
 The company being in open columns of pla- 
 toons to form on the right, in line, the instructor 
 will command, 
 
 1. On the right, form cowpanif. 
 2. Guides to the rigid. 
 
 At the second word of command, the guide of 
 
 each platoon, moves, nimbly, to the right flank 
 
 of his platoon ; and the soldiers will take the light 
 10* 
 
il4 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 touch of the elbows from the right ; and the col- 
 umn will continue to march straight forward. 
 
 The instructor having given the second word 
 of command, will move, nimbly, to the point 
 where the right of the company is to rest in line ; 
 jTlacicg himself there, facing to the left of the new 
 line he has chosen. 
 
 The line fixed on, ought k> be so situated that 
 each platoon, after having turned to ilie right, with 
 the left shoulder forwaid, may have, at least four 
 paces to march up to the line. 
 
 The head of the column having arrived, nearly, 
 as far as the instructor, placed at the point of appui^ 
 the chief of the first platoon will command, 
 
 Right Turn. 
 
 And when it shrdl be opposite to the in- 
 siructorj 
 
 i\lAacH. 
 
 On the \\on\, march, the first platoon will turn 
 to the right, and then move to its front ; the guide 
 will conduct himself in such a manner, that the 
 man of the front rank next to him, and by his side 
 arrives opposite to the instructor ; the captain is 
 to march two paces in front of the centre of the 
 first platoon ; and when it arrives at the situaticu 
 of the instructor, will command, 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 115 
 
 ^}, Platoon. 
 
 2. Halt. 
 
 At the word, halt^ the platoon is to halt ; the 
 guide will immediately on that, move along the 
 new line till opposite to one of the three files on 
 the left of his platoon ; he will face tosvards the 
 instructor, who aligns him on the point of direc- 
 tion bejoad (he left ; and the captain is to move, 
 at the same time, to the point where the right 
 will rest when dressed up, commanding, when 
 there, 
 
 Right — DRESS. 
 
 At (his word, the first platoon is to dress for- 
 ward. 
 
 The second platoon will continue to march 
 straight on until it arrives opposite to the left 
 flank of the first; when, by command of the chief, 
 it will turn to the right and move up, then, to- 
 wards the line, the guide conducting his march on 
 the left file of the first platoon. 
 
 The second platoon, being arrived within two 
 paces of the line, will be halted by its chief, by the 
 same words of command prescribed for the first ; 
 at the instant of halting, the guide is to spring 
 forward, nimbly, placing himself on the line of 
 formation, facing the guide of the first platoon; 
 the instructor will direct him to move to the right 
 
116 COMPANY EXBRCISf:. 
 
 or left, till he is oa the line ; and the guide must 
 take care to be opposite to one of the three files 
 on the left of his platoon. 
 
 The chief of the second platoon, seeing his 
 guide established on the line, will command, 
 
 Right — DRESS* 
 
 The chief of the second platoon, after giving 
 this order, will quickly retire to the rank of file- 
 closers, passing between the first and second pla- 
 toons, and the second platoon is to dress up to the 
 first. 
 
 The man of each platoon, who is opposite to 
 the guide placed before him will, in dressing, gent- 
 ly press his breast against the arm of (he guide, at 
 the moment of coming up to the line. 
 
 The instructor on seeing the company in line,* 
 is to give the word of command, 
 
 Guides toyour — posts. 
 
 At this word of command, the covering sergeant 
 will go to his situation, covering the captain ; and 
 the guide of the second platoon, will retire to the 
 rank of file-closers. 
 
 A column of platoons, with the left in front, will 
 form on the left flank, on the same principles; 
 and by the same words of command, except- 
 ing that the word left, is substituted for the word 
 right. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. lir 
 
 In going through the four last lessons, the in- 
 structor should often order the company to sup- 
 port arms, and accustom the men to march thusj 
 with the same regularity and precision as if arms 
 were shouldered. 
 
 When the men support arms marching, they 
 may be permitted, either to let the right hand re- 
 main at the small of the stock of the firelock, or 
 to let it fall to the side, as they may find either 
 position most convenient. 
 
 MANUAL EXERCISE OF THE SER« 
 GEANTS. 
 
 The noQ-commissioned officers, as also all the 
 men of the battalion, must always, when under 
 arms, have their bayonets fixed. 
 
 The covering sergeants, and the non-commis- 
 sioned officers in the rank of file closers, as well 
 as those attached to the guard of the colours, will 
 hav« their fire-locks in the position about to be 
 described. 
 
 ADVANCED ARMS. 
 
 The firelock in the right hand, against the 
 point nearly of the shoulder, the barrel perpendic- 
 ular, and to the rear, the ramrod outwards, the 
 right arm almost at its full extent, the right hand 
 embracing the cock and guard, the butt along the 
 
1 1 8 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 right tbigli, and the left haad hanging by J^e left 
 side. 
 
 Present — arms. 
 
 One word and two motions. 
 
 First 9notio7i. 
 
 Carry the firelock with the right hand perpen- 
 dicularly, opposite to the left eye, the ramrod, to 
 the front, the cock as high as the lowest waist- 
 coat button ; grasp, at the same time, the firelock 
 with the left hand, the little finger against the 
 feather spring of the pan-steel, the thumb stretch- 
 ed upwards along the barrel and stock, the fore 
 part of the arm held close to the body, without 
 constraint ; and remain facing steady to the front, 
 without stirring the feet. 
 
 Second Motion, 
 
 Grasp the firelock with the right hand under, 
 and at the guard, as the rank and file do. 
 
 AdvancC'^AKMS. 
 
 One word and two motions. 
 
 First Motion, 
 
 Slip the left hand as high as the shoulder, ami 
 carry, with this hand, the firetock perpendicular- 
 ly, te, and against the right shoulder; grasp, with 
 
t 
 
 COMPANY EXERCISE. 119 
 
 the right hand, the cock and guard, extending 
 the right arm, almost fully, downwards. 
 
 . Second motion. 
 
 Let the left hand fall. 
 
 Order — arms. 
 One word and two motions. 
 
 First Motion. 
 
 Carry, smartly, the left hand to the centre pipe; 
 detach a little, with the right hand the firelock 
 from the right shoulder ; quit hold, at the same 
 time, v.ith the right hand; sink down (he firelock 
 with the left hand; seize it again, with the right 
 hand above the tail-pipe, the right thumb on the 
 barrel, in order to grasp it, the four fingers extend- 
 ed on the stock, the firelock perpendicular, the 
 butt at three inches from the ground, the heel of 
 the butt hanging over the spot, on the side of the 
 point of the right foot ; and let the left hand fall. 
 
 Second Motion. 
 
 By opening, a little, the fingers of the right 
 hand, let the firelock slip through them, and fall 
 10 the ground, in such a manner, that the heel of 
 the butt may rest at theside of, and close to the 
 point of the right foot. 
 
iSO COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 J^/yflWC^— ARMS. 
 
 One word and two motions. 
 
 First motion. 
 
 Raise the firelock, perpendicularly with the 
 right hand, as high as the right breast, opposite 
 to the shoulder, at the distance of two inches from 
 the body, the right elbow being held close to it ; 
 seize the firelock with the left hand, under (he 
 place of the right, or nearly, at the tail-pipe ; and, 
 immediately let fall the right hand to grasp the 
 cock and guard, leaning the firelock against the 
 shoulder. 
 
 Second motion. 
 
 Let fall the left arm, the right arm being, near- 
 ly, fully extended. 
 
 Support — ARx\is. 
 
 One rvord and three motions. 
 
 First Motion, 
 
 Carry the firelock to the front of the body, per- 
 pendicularly opposite to, and betvveen the eyes, 
 with the right hand, the ramrod outwards; seize 
 the firelock with the left hand at the tail pipe, 
 raise it as high as the chin ; and at the same time, 
 grasp the firelock, with the right hand, four inch- 
 es under the lock. 
 
COMPANY EXERCISE. 121 
 
 Second Motion. 
 
 Turn the firelock with the right haad, so as to 
 bring the barrel to the front, conducting it, at the 
 same time, to the left shoulder; and pass the left 
 fore arm, horizontally, on, or across <he breast, 
 between the right hand and the cock, supporting 
 the cock on the left fore arm, the left hand resting 
 on the tight breast. 
 
 Third Motion. 
 
 Let the right hand fall to the right side. 
 
 Advance — arms. 
 
 One word and three motions. 
 
 First Motion, 
 
 Grasp the firelock with the right hand, under, 
 and close to the left fore arm. 
 
 Second Motion. 
 
 Carry the firelock, perpendicularly,with the right 
 hand to, and against the right shoulder, the ram- 
 rod to the front; seize it with the left hand as high 
 as the right shoulder; and turn the right hand, at 
 the same time, in order to grasp the cock and 
 guard, the right arm extending downwards nearly 
 to its full length. 
 
 Third Bioiim, 
 
 Let fall the left arm. 
 11 
 
122 COMPANY EXERCISE. 
 
 MANUAL EXERCISE OF THE CORPO- 
 RALS. 
 
 When the corporals are in the ranks, they use 
 Iheir arms in the same manner, as the other rank 
 and file do ; but should they be in the rank of 
 file closers, or conduct the head of a body of men, 
 or have charge of a relief of sentinels, or belong 
 to the colour guard they, must carry the firelock 
 in the right hand, like the sergeants. 
 
 SWORD MANUAL OF THE OFFICERS- 
 
 MODE OF CARRYING THE SWORD WHEN IN THE 
 I RANKS. 
 
 The gripe of the sword in the right hand, 
 which ought to be placed as high as and against 
 the right haunch, the blade being supported or 
 leaning against the shoulder. 
 
 When the ranks order arms, the officers drop 
 the blade of the sword by the right side wiih the 
 point a little advanced, and about two inches 
 from the ground. 
 
 SW^ORD SALUTE, WHETHER IN THE RANKS, OR 
 MARCHING. 
 
 Four niotiotis. 
 
 One. Raise the sword perpendicularly, with 
 the point uppermost, the flat of the blade opposite 
 
COMPANY EXERtJISE. 12S 
 
 to the right eye, the guard as high as the right 
 breast, aod the elbow against the body. 
 
 Trv(K Bring down the blade smartly, by ex- 
 tending the arm in such a manner that the right 
 hand may be placed at the side of the right thigh, 
 and rest in that position, until the person saluted 
 shall have passed two paces. 
 
 Three. Raise up the sword agaia smirtly, 
 holding it as described at one. 
 
 Fmir. Carry the sword to the right shoulder, 
 or sink the blade into the left hand, according to 
 ciicumstances. 
 
 SALUTE BY THE COLOURS. 
 
 In the ranks, whether halting or marching, the 
 bearer of the colours, must always bear the bot- 
 tom of the staff against the right haunch, and the 
 salute is executed as follows. 
 
 When within six paces of the person to be sa- 
 luted, sink down, gently the staff, within six inch- 
 es of the ground, without moving the bottom 
 of the staff from the haunch, facing steadily in the 
 same direction as before saluting ; raise up again, 
 gently, and slowly the staT, when the pprson sa- 
 luted shall have been passed, or shall have passed 
 two paces. 
 
APPENDIX : 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 FORMATION OF A REGIMENT 
 
 IN THE ORDER OF 
 
 BATTLE AJ^D LIJ^E. 
 
 REVIEWS, &c. &c. 
 
 FORMATION OF A REGIMENT IN OR^ 
 DER OF BATTLE, OR LINE. 
 
 Plate i. 
 
 Whatever may be (he situation of a brigade in 
 the order of battle or line, (he oldest regiment will 
 be formed oo the right, and the youngest on the 
 left. 
 
 Every regiment constitutes a battalion, and is 
 known by that denomination in exercise and ac- 
 tion. 
 
 The interval between battalions is twelve 
 paces. 
 
126 APPEiNDIX. 
 
 The badalion consists of eight battalion com- 
 panies and two of light infantry. 
 
 The battalion companies are divided into twa 
 half battalions, called the right and left ^ings— 
 the right wing will be composed of the companies 
 of the first, third, fifth, and seventh battalion cap- 
 tains. To the left wing belong the companies of 
 the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth battalion 
 captains. 
 
 The battalion companies will be drawn up from 
 the right (o the left of the battalion, in the follow- 
 ing order, accordiog to the rank of the captains ; 
 first, fifth, third, seventh, second, sixth, fourth, 
 eighth. 
 
 The two companies of light infantry are denom- 
 inated first and second, according to the seniority 
 of the captains who command them, and will be 
 posted on the right of the battalion, according to 
 rank. 
 
 A ditferent disposition is made of the light in- 
 fantry companies, when performing the peculiar 
 duties of light itrfantry. 
 
 The Ijattalion companies as posted, will be reck- 
 oncii by the names of the first, second, third, fourth, 
 fifth, sixth, seventh, and eight, successivelj^ 
 commencing on the right, and ending on the left 
 of the battalion. 
 
 The first and second battalion companies will 
 form the first grand division ; the third and fourth, 
 the second graml division ; the fifth and sixth, the 
 
APPENDEX. 127 
 
 Ujird grand division ; the seventh ami eighth, the 
 fourth grand division; the first and second com- 
 panies of light infantry ^vilI compose a grand di- 
 vision of light infantry. 
 
 Every company will be divided into two pla- 
 toons, called the first and second. 
 
 Every platoon will be divided into a right or 
 left section of equal size, to le called the first, 
 second, third and fourth sections ; commencing oa 
 the right, and ending on the left of the company. 
 The files will be numbered from the right (o the 
 left flank of the company, 1 , 2, 3, &c. 
 
 The habitual order of formation will be that of 
 two ranks, with a rank of file- closers. 
 
 Every company, whatever may be its place m 
 the battalion,^ will be formed of men sized from the 
 flanks to the centre. When formed in two ranks, 
 one half, consisting of the shortest men, will form 
 the front rank — when formed in three ranks, one 
 third part, consisting of ihe shortest men, will form 
 the front rank ; one third j>ait, consisting of the 
 tallest men, will form the rear rank ; and the re- 
 maining third will form the intermediate rank. 
 
 The distance from rank to rank will be one 
 foot, which will be measured from the breasts of 
 the men of the rear ranks, to the backs of the men 
 who are in front of them respectively in their files. 
 When the knapsack is on, the foot will be raeos^ 
 iired ta the back of the knapsack. 
 
12t APPENDIX. 
 
 The companies must be always equalized, hy 
 assigning over men, if necessary, from one compa* 
 ny to another. 
 
 The srituation of the ofi&cers and non commig- 
 sioned officers in the order of battle or line, is the 
 same, as when the company is formed in the ha- 
 bitUHl order of two deep. 
 
 SITUATION OP THE FIELD OFFIGERS,. 
 AND REGIMENTAL STAFF. 
 
 The field officers and commissioned regimental 
 staff will be mounted. 
 
 The colonel will be posted twenty paces in the 
 rear of the rank of file- closers, and opposite to the 
 centre of the battalion. 
 
 The lieutenant colonel, the major, the adju- 
 tant, and the sergeant major, will all be ten pa- 
 ces in the rear of the rank of file-closers. 
 
 The lieutenant colonel will be opj)Osite to the 
 centre of the right wing. Tlie major opposite to 
 the centre of the left wing. The adjutant oppo- 
 site to the right, and the sergeant major opposite 
 to the left of the battalion. The adjutant will 
 aid the lieutenant colonel, and the sergeant mjjor 
 will aid the major in the performance of their re- 
 Bpeciive duties in the evolutions. 
 
 The quarter-master, surgeon, and surgeons's 
 mates, drawn up from right to left, in the order 
 in >\hich they are mentioned^ i^ill be posted CD 
 
APPENDIX. 129 
 
 the left of the colonel, three paces in the rear of 
 him. 
 
 The quarter-master-sergeant will be posted in 
 Vihe with the front rank cf the piooeers, three pa- 
 ces on the right of them. 
 
 POSTS OF THE DRUMMERS AND MU- 
 SICIANS IN LINE. 
 
 The drummers and fifers of the battalion will 
 be formed in two ranks, the fifers in fr^nt. They 
 will be placed twelve paces in rear of the rank of 
 fileclosers, opposite to the left centre company. 
 
 The senior principal musician will be in front, 
 and the other in rear, of the whole. 
 
 When there is a regimental band, it will be 
 placed in one rank, two paces behind the drum- 
 niers; 
 
 The pioneers, drawn up in two ranks, will be 
 posted twelve paces in the rear of the rank of file- 
 closers, opposite to the right centre company.— 
 The cor[ oral of pioneers will be two paces in front 
 of them. 
 
 COLOUKS AND COLOUR GUARD. 
 
 The national and regimental colours will be 
 borne by two sergeants. 
 
 The colour-guard consists of a sergeant and 
 three corporals. 
 
 The Golouri3 and their guard will be posted on 
 
130 APPENDIX. 
 
 the left of the fourth company and are to be reck- 
 oned among the number of files of that company, 
 v?hich on that account is to have three files less 
 than the other companies. 
 
 The colour- bearers will be placed in the front 
 rank, with the sergeant of the colour-guard be- 
 tween them. The three corporals will be placed 
 behind them in the second rank. 
 
 When the order of formation is three deep, three 
 more corporals must be added to the guard, and 
 placed in the third rank behind the others. 
 
 The corporals of the colour guard, and all ser-^ 
 geants, will have their arms advanced. 
 
 It is of the utmost importance in marching in 
 order of battle (or line,) that the sergeant, placed 
 between the colours, should be thoroughly disci- 
 plined. 
 
 POSITION OF THE BATTALION OFFICERS WHEN^ 
 MARCHING IN OP£N COLUMN. 
 
 In a battalion receiving «?lementary instruction 
 the colonel has no fixed place assigned him ; but 
 in columns composed of several battalions, he will 
 habitually take post, on the pivot ffcink of the col- 
 umn at the distance of eight or ten paces from the 
 guides and opposite to the centre of the battaliaD. 
 
 The lieutenant colonel and m^jor on the pivot 
 flank of the column, the former in the line of the 
 front of the lendirig, and the latter, in that of tbe 
 Ijront of the rear division. 
 
APPENDIX. 131 
 
 *rhe adjutant and serpceant major, near thelieu- 
 tenant-colonel and mdjor, to aid them. 
 
 POSITION OF THE DRUMMERS AND 
 FIFERS. 
 
 In column of manoeuvre, the drums march on 
 the reverse flank, dressing with the front of the 
 left centre company. 
 
 In column of route, as also in passing defiles 
 to the front, or rear; in retreating, they must march 
 at the head of the battalion. 
 
 FORMATION AND ORDER OF MARCH OP A PARTY 
 TO ESCORT THF COLOURS. 
 
 When the drums beat for parading the battal- 
 ion under arms, if the colours are required, one of 
 the two companies of light infantry, or if they are 
 detached, one of the battalion companies, will 
 march to bring and escort the colours, in the fol- 
 lowing order. 
 
 The drum-major, and the drummers of ihe bat- 
 talion, followed by the band, the detachment in 
 cohimn of platoons, with supported arms; and the 
 two sergeants appointed for carrying the colours, 
 abreast, between the two platoons. 
 
 The party marches, in this order, without mu- 
 sic, or beat of drum. 
 
 When arrived in front of its colonel's quarters, 
 the platoons wheel up into line, with the band 
 formed on the right. 
 
132 APPENDIX. 
 
 As soon as the detachment is iq liae, the two 
 sergeants who are to carry the colours, will pro- 
 ceed to receive them, accompanied by the lieu- 
 tenant, and a sergeant belonging to the party. 
 
 When afterwards, the two sergeants come out 
 with the colours, followed by the lieutenant and 
 sergeant, they will halt before the door, or gate. 
 
 At the instant when the colours are brought 
 out, the officer commanding the party will order 
 arms to be presented, and the drums will beat the 
 troop. 
 
 After beating sometime accompanied by the 
 band, the officer commanding the party will direct 
 the beating and music to cease ; and he will order 
 the party then to shoulder arms, and to wheel or 
 file into platoons; the two sergeants who carry 
 the colours, place themselves, side by side be- 
 tween the two platoons; and the lieutenant and 
 sergeant "resume their places. 
 
 The officer commanding ^YilI then, march off 
 tlie party in the same order in which it arrived, 
 in order to join the regiment assembled on the 
 parade. The drums beat and the music plays. 
 
 COxMPr.IMENTS PAID TO THE COLOURS. 
 
 When the colours arrive, the colonel will or- 
 der arms to be shouldered, the drums will cease 
 beating, and in quick time, with the party, will 
 resume their places in line, passing for that pur- 
 
APPENDIX. 133 
 
 pose in rear of the regiment ; and (he colonel will 
 place himself six paces in front of the file in the 
 centre of his battalion. 
 
 The bearers of the colours, v,n\\ march, in quick 
 time, side by side, at the distance of ten paces be- 
 fore the front, halting opposite to the centre of the 
 battalion, and facing towards it ; the colonel will, 
 then, order arms to be presented, he himself, im- 
 mediately afterwards, saluting with the sword : 
 the bearers of the colours will immediately, take 
 their posts in the centre of the battalion, and the 
 colonel is to order arms to be shouldered, when 
 the colours take post in line : the colours are es- 
 corted back in the order prescribed above. 
 
 REVIEW OF PARADE. 
 
 When a regiment or battalion is to be reviewed, 
 it will be drawn up in the habitual order and pre- 
 pared for review in the following manner : 
 
 The ranks at open order; the colours six paces 
 before the centre of the battalion ; the colonel on 
 foot twelve paces belbre the colours ; the lieuten' 
 ant-colonel on foot twelve paces before the centre 
 of the right; the major on foot in line with 
 the lieutenant-colonel, before the centre of the 
 left wing ; the adjutant on the right of the regi- 
 ment in the line of officers, the captains eight pa- 
 ces before their intervals, the other officers in the 
 same line, opposite to their respective places; the 
 
 covering sergeants in the front rank ; the other 
 12 
 
ru APPENDIX. 
 
 sergeants in the rank of file-clbsers, except one in 
 the front rank or the left of the battalion; the 
 musicians and pioneers on the right. 
 
 The general officer, who is to review the battal- 
 ion, will approach (he centre. When he arrives 
 ■within forty paces of the colonel, the latter will 
 order : 
 
 Battalion. 
 
 This word will be repeated by the lieutenant- 
 colonel and major; and then the colonel will order ; 
 
 Present — arms. 
 
 This command having been repeated, the regi- 
 ment will present arms; the office rs w ill salute with 
 the sword ; the last motion of the salute correspon- 
 ding in time with tlie last motion of presenting 
 arms ; the colours will salute at the same time, 
 and the drums will beat, according to the rank of 
 the reviewing general. As soon as he turns to go 
 to the right, the colonel will command : 
 
 Shoulder^ — ^arms. 
 
 This command will be repeated by the lieuten- 
 ant-colonel and major, and the regiment will 
 shoulder arms, the officers recovering their swoids 
 at the same time. 
 
 The general having arrived at the right, will 
 pass along the front to the left ; the whole remain- 
 ing steady ; from the left he will turn off to place 
 
APPENDIX 135 
 
 himself in front. *The colonel, lieutenant-colonel, 
 major, and adjutant, will pass to the rear, mount 
 on horse-back, and take their positions, when the 
 colonel will command : 
 
 Rear ranks^ close order. 
 
 This command having been repeated, the offi- 
 cers will face to their companies ; the colonel 
 will then command : 
 
 March. 
 
 At this word repeated, the rear ranks close to 
 the front, and the officers, stepping off, at the same 
 time, take tlieir posts in the line. 
 
 The colonel will then form the open column of 
 companies by wheeliiig (o the right, and com- 
 mand, 
 
 THE REGIMENT WILL PASS IN REVIEWS 
 
 This caution will be repeated, and the lieuten- 
 ant colonel, and nfajor, will place themselves at 
 the head of iheir respective divisions, each four 
 paces before the captain, who commands the lead- 
 ing company 5 the regimental staff will take post 
 in the rear of the column ; the colonel will place 
 himself OH the right of the lieutenant colonel, the 
 musicians will precede the colonel six paces ; the 
 colonel will then command : 
 
 * A camp colour should be placed about 80 or 100 paces 
 in front of the centre of the battalion to desigaate the statioo 
 t»f the reviewing ofllcer^ 
 
136 APPENDIX. 
 
 }. Support — ARMS. 
 
 2. Columnfonvard, 
 
 3. Guide to the right* 
 
 4. BIarch. 
 
 These words of command will be severally re- 
 peated by the lieutenaat-colonel and major; the 
 last by the captains commanding companies, 
 also; and the column will move. It will change 
 direction twice to the left, the companies wheel- 
 ing on a moveable pivot. The wheeling points 
 
 f having been previously ascertained by the adju- 
 tant, a camp colour or marker should be placed 
 at each ; that the march of the column may be 
 correct and that the platoons may all wheel ex- 
 actly on the same ground. The right flank of 
 the column should pass within four paces of the 
 reviewing genera!. When the first company ar- 
 
 .<#ive3 within fifty paces of the general, the lieu- 
 tenant colonel will order the battalion to carry 
 arms, the rear ranks to take open order and the mu- 
 sic to i>lay, at which time the ofiScers in the rank 
 of file closers will move to the front, and station 
 themselves two paces in front of their company 
 and opposite to their respective places. 
 
 The soldiers and guides will march with the 
 head direct to the front ; the officers will throw 
 back the shoulder a little, and look steadily at the 
 general as they pass; when within six paces they 
 will salute with ths sword, and recover whea 
 
APPENDIX. IS? 
 
 they have respectively passed him two paces.—* 
 The colours will salute, if the rank of the review- 
 ing officer entitles him to that honour* 
 
 When the colonel has saluted at the head of the 
 regiment he will advance to the general, and 
 place himself near him, until the whole have pas- 
 sed. At the same time the musicians will be 
 wheeled to the left by the drum major, and formed 
 opposite to the general, where they will play un- 
 til the last company passes, then cease and follow 
 in its rear. The officers commanding companies 
 having passed the reviewing officer thirty paces, 
 will successively close the rear ranks of their 
 compnaies, and the other platoon officers resume 
 their places in the line of file closers. 
 
 When the head of the column arrives opposite 
 and in front of the ground on which the left of the 
 left wing stood, it will change direction to the left, 
 inarch to its original ground, halt, wheel into line, 
 and order arms ; the general will then order the 
 performance of such Exercise and manoeuvres as 
 he thinks proper. 
 
 REVIEW OF INSPECTION. 
 
 The battalion is drawn up in companies at 
 open order, the drams and fifes on the right, and 
 the colours on the left of the fourth battalion com- 
 pany. 
 
 The inspector will begin with a general review, 
 
 passing along the front of the battalion, from right 
 
 12* 
 
138 APPENDIX. 
 
 to left, accompanied by the field and staff officer 
 The general review being over, the colonel wiili 
 command : 
 
 1. Rear ranks dose order. 
 
 2. March. 
 
 The rear ranks will close to the front, the ofiS- 
 cers remaining in front. 
 
 1 . ^3/ Companies, right wheel. 
 
 2. March. 
 
 Each company wheels to the right ; the cap- 
 tains will then opfn the ranks, and order: 
 
 1 . Non-cominissioned officers^ 
 
 2. To the front. 
 
 3. March. 
 
 The officers take post four paces, and the aon- 
 commissioned officers two paces in frobt of their 
 companies. 
 
 The whole then order their firelocks, and pre- 
 pare for inspection by words of command of their 
 captain. 
 
 The field and staff officers accompany the in- 
 spector while he inspects the companies; and 
 when the inspection is over, the colonel will cause 
 the battalion to perform any exercise or manoeu- 
 vres the inspector may think proper. 
 
EXPLANATION 
 
 6p the 
 
 PLATES. 
 
 
 GENERAL R KM ARKS. 
 
 
 In all the plates, the heavy or deep drawn lines^ 
 represent the front rank. The dotted double 
 lines indicate the position occupied previous t© 
 the movement. 
 
 The parallelogram-figures, not etched by a sha- 
 ding of parallel small black lines, represent the 
 troops subsequent (o executing the first movement. 
 
 The parallelogram figures etched with small 
 parallellines, represent the bodies of men, either 
 in the ultimate positioa after executing the whole 
 movement, or in the last stage of effecting it. 
 
 The single dotted lines mark the part over 
 which the troops are to move from one position t® 
 another. 
 
 The figure of an arrow on irregular close dot- 
 ted lines, indicates the direction in which the 
 guides on the pivot flank of companies are to be 
 conducted. 
 
 The letter (C) represents the captains of com- 
 panies, and the situation of this letter shows the 
 direction ia which they are facing. 
 
140 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 The small squares on the right and left of com- 
 panies represent the guides, and the heavy or 
 deep strokes, forming one of the sides of these 
 squares, shows in what direction these guides are 
 facing. 
 
 The colonel is represented on horseback. 
 
 The lieutenant colonel and major are represent- 
 ed on foot, with a sword ; and the adjutant and 
 sergeant-Major on foot, carrying canes. 
 
 The arrow to be seen in some of the figures, 
 indicates the direction of the march. 
 
 PLATE L 
 
 Kepresents the formation of a regiment and compa- 
 ny in the order of battle, or line. 
 
 PLATE IL 
 
 Principles oj the Olique Step. 
 
 This plate shows the mechanism of the oblique 
 step to the right. It appears that the soldier has 
 planted his right foot eighteen inches to the tight 
 of its original situation, and also eighteen inches 
 to the right and front of the left heel. This will 
 give the diagonal (a b,) 6ver which the right foot 
 moves, nearly twenty-six inches. The left foot 
 is then carried from (a) to (c) about eighteen in- 
 dies in front of the right heel. The line (a c) is 
 about forty inches. 
 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 141 
 
 PLATE IIL 
 
 Figure 1. 
 
 Position of the soldier under arms, represented 
 fronting the eye, being a front view. 
 
 Note, The feet form with each other an angle 
 less than a right angle, because that in this posi- 
 tion the weight of the body bears equally divided 
 over the whole sole of the foot. Were the feet 
 more turned out, the surface of the supporting base 
 would diminish as the angle opened toward the 
 line (A B,) and the soldier would have less per- 
 pendicular firmness, in his bearing forward posi- 
 tion. The knees are straight without stiffuess.-— 
 The body is divided into two equal parts by the 
 perpendicular line (C D.) The firelock is perpen- 
 dicular to the base line, and the whole position is 
 easy and accurate, without being constrained. 
 
 Figure 2. 
 
 The position of the soldier represented in profile. 
 
 The perpendicular line (C D) passes behind 
 the head. The upper part of the body, which 
 gives the impulsive spring in marching, is thowa 
 forward. 
 
 Figure 3. 
 
 Position of the soldier iu marching. 
 
142 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. . 
 
 Note, The figure in the plate is copied from 
 nature, and is represented at the moment at which 
 the foot is coming to the ground, after the extent 
 of the step has been taken. 
 
 Figures 4, 5, and 6, 
 
 Represent the soldier after having executed the 
 first, second, and third compound movements 
 of loading in quick time. 
 
 PLATE IV. 
 
 Figure 1. 
 
 Represents the front rank man kneeling and hav- 
 ing made "r^a<^" for firing. 
 
 Figure 2. 
 
 Represents the centre rank man in the position ol 
 having made "r^ar/jy" for firing. 
 
 Figure 3. 
 
 Represents the rear rank man in the position of 
 having made ^^ready^^ previous to aiming. 
 
 Figure 4. 
 
 Represents the front rank man in the attitude 
 of ^^aiming.'^ 
 
 Figure 5. 
 
 Represents a man of the centre rank in the atti- 
 tude of "aiming^ 
 
EXPLANATIONOFTHETLATES. 143 
 
 Figure 6, 
 
 Shows a rear i?ank maa with his firelock " aimedJ^ 
 
 PLATE V. 
 
 Figure 1. 
 
 Represents a man standing at " ordered annsJ^[ 
 
 Figure 2. 
 
 <* Presented armsP 
 
 Figure 3. 
 
 " Supported arinsP 
 
 Figure 4. 
 
 ** Charging bayonetJ^ 
 
 Figure 5. 
 
 " Trailed armsP 
 
 PLATE VL 
 
 Figure L 
 
 Represents a company, marching in file, to the 
 right flank, wheeling its head by files, to the 
 left, and afterwards to the right. 
 
 Note, In the first case it may be perceived that 
 the men of tlie front rank do not wheel abruptly ; 
 and that the men of (he rear rank begin to step 
 l>revious to their arriving at the angle formed by 
 
144 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 the two directions, which naturally arises from 
 this species of movement. 
 
 In the second case it appears that the men of the 
 rear rank describe proportional small arcs of con- 
 centric circles, while the corresponding man of the 
 front rank, is going over a greater arc, in order to 
 wheel to the right in file. 
 
 The chief of the platoon (b) is placed by the 
 side of the covering sergf ant (a) in order to con- 
 duct the leading file The from rank is somewhat 
 nearer to the rerr rank than when in line ; and 
 |t follows I he movement of the rear rank by con- 
 forming to it. 
 
 The instructor (c) is posted at the whrt^ling an* 
 ^]e in order to superintend the execution of the 
 movement. 
 
 Figure 2. 
 
 Represents a company marching in file to the right 
 
 flank, and forming to the right flank, by files, 
 
 successively. 
 
 Note. Five front rank men appear formed in 
 line, while only three of the rear rank appear, at 
 the srme time, formed; in consequence of the 
 jnelhod prescribed for this species of formation. 
 
 The instructor (d) stationed in a line with the 
 front rank, and removed at the distance of some 
 paces from it, directs the formation, in proportion 
 as the men arrive on the line. 
 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 145 
 
 Figure 3. 
 
 Represents a company marching in file to the right 
 flank, and forming to the front, from file. 
 
 Note, The covering Sergeant (a) appears 
 marching straight forward ; the soldiers bring the 
 right shoulder forward, and change to quitjk time, 
 moving over tlie shortest lines leading to their 
 places, which they are to occupy, file after file, 
 in quick succession. Each- file, as it forms up on 
 the march, will resume the common time. The 
 captain faces to the rear, in order to give the 
 command, guide to the left, after the last, or rear 
 file, has formed up. 
 
 PLATE VII. 
 
 Figure 1. 
 
 Represents a company wheeling forwards from 
 line into oj)en column of Platoons. 
 
 Note. It appear? that upon the word march, the 
 right hand man (c") of the front rank of each pla- 
 tpon has faced to the ri<rht. Tho ofiioer of each 
 platoon has placed himself, as represented by the 
 letter (a) in a line with the front rank of the 
 platoon ns it will stand after riTectuig the wheel 
 of ninety degrees. This cfficerposts himself at 
 the distance of some paces from what wi'i be the 
 pivo^ after accomplishing the wheel, and faces 
 to the rear. 
 
 13 
 
146 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 When the man who conducts the wheelirig 
 living, has, in wheeling, arrived within two paces 
 of the point, perpendicular to the position in line, 
 the figure shows the platoon halted in this posi- 
 tion by the oflScer commanding it. 
 
 At the word halt, the covering sergeant, and 
 the file closer, from the left of the rank of file-clos- 
 ers represented by the letter (e) have placed them- 
 selves in the direction ascertained by the platoon 
 officer, w^ho has, immediately afterwards, com- 
 manded, Lf/V— dress; front; and, then, moved 
 to the front of the centre of his platoon, his posi- 
 tion being marked (f.) 
 
 Figure 2. 
 
 Kepresenls a company marching in column of pla- 
 toons, and turning on the march, into a new 
 alignment, or direction. The wheeling is on 
 the pivot flank. 
 
 Note. The plate shows that the guide (g) at 
 the instant of his having arrived at the wheel- 
 ing point (h,) has turned to his left, and continued 
 the march at the same uniform rate ; the wheeling 
 point bus a marker (h) j>Iace(l at it ; each man, in 
 his file, brings forward the right shoulder a little* 
 arriving, in qui<;k time, successively on the line of 
 dressing, as represented by the files on the right 
 (i); the files on the left (U) are representeil after 
 having successively wheeled, and formed up, con- 
 v'jInfT \\\o. march. 
 
EXPLANATION OF THE PL4TES. UT 
 
 ,.The instructor (I), is posted near the wheeling, 
 point, superintending the movement. 
 
 Figure 3. 
 
 Represents a company, marching in column of 
 platoons, and wheeling on a moveable pivot, 
 on the reverse flank. 
 
 Note, At the word, march, given at the instant 
 when the guide (d) on the pivot flank, has arrived 
 at the marker (m) previously placed, the platoon 
 executes the wheel to the right on a moveable 
 pivot, taking the touch of the elbow from the left, 
 the pivot flank ; and not from the right, the reverse 
 flank. T^he pivot man on the right, continues 
 taking steps, in wheeling, of seven inches, in order 
 to clear the ground for the succeeding platoon.— 
 The letter (f) represents this pivot-man on the 
 right. The guide on the left, the pivot flank of 
 the column, takes the usual step of twenty-eight 
 inches. From the nature of the movement, the 
 platoon curves a little at the centre, towards the 
 rear, as the (igure shows. 
 
 The guide of the second platoon (e) follows, ex- 
 actly, in the track of the preceding guide. Each 
 guide, in his turn, takes care, in describing his arc 
 of a circle, not to open out from, or close in, to 
 the point round v^hlch the pivot -man wheels. 
 
 The chiefs of platoons, during the wheel, are to 
 tt^rn round to them, in order to conduct the wheel. 
 
U8 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 Figure 4. 
 
 Represents a company in column of platoons, 
 wheeling forward, to the left, into line. 
 
 x^oie. The instructor (a) has moved forward in 
 front of the pivots, placing himself in a line with 
 the guides on the pivot flank, facing towards, and 
 at the specified distance from them. 
 
 At the word, marchy the man (h) on the left of 
 the front rank of each platoon faces to the left; 
 the guides (e) stand fast ; and when the platoon- 
 right flank of each platoon has in wheeling, ar- 
 rived within two paces of the line of guides, the 
 platoon officer commands, platoon halt. 
 
 At the word, dresSy given by the captain, the 
 two platoons dress forward to the line, by comple- 
 ting the wheel. 
 
 The officer of the second })lafoon, after giving 
 the VfOrdhalty retires to the rank of file closers. 
 
 The captain directs the dressing of both pla- 
 toons. 
 
 PLATE VIIL 
 
 Figure 1. 
 
 Represents the leading company of a column of 
 route, forming platoons. 
 
 Note. The platoon officers, and non commis- 
 sioned-officers (a) are represented on the pivot 
 flank of their respective platoons. 
 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATEa. 149 
 
 Figure 2. 
 
 Represents a leading platoon after having on ac- 
 count of the increased narrowness of the defile, 
 broken otf a file on the right (d,) and a file on 
 the left (b.) The two files broke off from the 
 rank of file-closers (e.) 
 
 Figure 7. 
 
 Represents the platoon marching on a front of 
 eight files, by causing the file of the right (x) 
 and the file of the left (y,) to move up to the 
 front. The file of the officer (z) inclines to the 
 left, in order to make room for the file (y,) 
 which is going to move up to the front. 
 
 Figure 8. 
 
 Represents a company marching at ease, with the 
 route -step, breaking oj0f a file (A,) from \he left 
 flank. 
 
 Figure 9. 
 
 Represents a company whom want of requisite 
 breadth of road obliges tob^eak otf a gtcoid file 
 (B.) The file (A,) already' in the rear, obllqufji 
 the breadth of one file to the right, and steps 
 short, in order to enable the file (B) to take its 
 place in front of the file (A.) 
 
150 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES, 
 
 Figure 10. 
 
 Represents a company which, by the increase of 
 breadth of the road, has one file (D,) ordered to 
 the front. The last file (E,) w hich still remains 
 in the rear, obliques at the same time to the 
 left, in order to cover the file (D.) Finally, 
 the road continuing to increase in width, the 
 last file (E,) is ordered to move up into line. 
 
 Figure 11, 
 
 Represents a company meeting with an obstacle 
 in front of i{s right, which obliges it to break off 
 from the right (F,) three files, at once. The 
 guide of the right (G,) inclines to the left, in 
 order to close in to the files which remain 
 marching in line. 
 
 Figure 12. 
 
 Represents a company after passing the obstacles 
 when the three files (H,) in the rear are form- 
 ing up to the front, at once. The guide of the 
 right (I,) inclines to the right in order to make 
 room for the files moving up together in line- 
 
 PLATE IX. 
 
 Figure 1. 
 
 Bepresents d company marchiog in column, with 
 the right iu front, forming platoons. 
 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 1^1 
 
 Note, (a) and (b) represent the two platoon 
 officers, who, on the first word of command, have 
 moved forward in front of the centre of their two 
 platoons; on the word, march, the second platoon 
 Diarks the time; the first continues to march 
 straight forward; and as soon as the first is disen- 
 gaged from the second, the second obliques to the 
 right, in order to be at platoon distance in rear of 
 the first. 
 
 Figure 2. 
 
 Represents a company in column of pIatoons> 
 marching with the right in front, and forming 
 company. 
 
 Note. The plate shows the leading, or first pla- 
 toon, only, obliqueing to the right ; and when it 
 has uncovered the second, it marks time, waiting 
 for the coming up of the second, which has, al- 
 ways, continued to march straight forward, per- 
 pendicular to the front. 
 
 Figure 3. 
 
 Represents a company supposed composing part 
 of a column with the right in front, executing 
 the countermarch. 
 
 Note. The figure shows the guide of the left (a) 
 who has faced to the right-about ; the company, 
 marches to the right flank, and wheels by files (b) 
 
152 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 successively one hundred and eighty degrees, or 
 in a small semi-circle, to the left about ; and whea 
 the leading file has arrived opposite to, and as far 
 as the guide (a) the company halts, fronts and 
 dresses on the guide (a.) At the vfordy front, the 
 covering sergeant (d) occupies the place of the 
 guide of the left, who places himself on the left of 
 the front rank, passing to his situation along the 
 front of the company. 
 
 The instructor (f) remains on the flank, in or- 
 der to superintend the execution of the movement. 
 
I N D E X- 
 
 PART I. 
 SQUAD EXERCISE. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Observation on the words of command 9 
 
 Position of the soldier 10 
 
 To the right, left, and right about face 12 
 Principles of the ordinary step. March to front 13 
 
 Principles of the oblique step 14 
 
 To mark time 1 6 
 
 To change feet ib» 
 
 To march to a flank 1 7 
 
 The back step ih. 
 
 Dressing 1^ 
 
 Position of the soldier at ordered arms 20 
 
 PART II. ^% 
 
 cojmpany exercise. 
 
 Forming the company 2i: 
 
 Principles of shouldered arms ib. 
 
 LESSON L 
 
 Station of officers : 26 
 
 Station of aon-commissioned-office rs 2T 
 
154 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 I' 
 
 To open ranks 
 Arigoment of open ranks 
 Mdnuaf exercise 
 /To clooe ranks 
 / Alignment of closed ranks 
 
 LESSON II. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 29 
 30 
 32 
 53 
 ib. 
 
 Loading in quick and quickest time 
 
 55 
 
 Firinjr hy com|)Hny 
 
 56 
 
 Ind ^jieudent file firing 
 
 64 
 
 Firing to the rear 
 
 67 
 
 LESSON IIL 
 
 
 Marching in Tme 
 
 6a 
 
 To halt the company marching in line and 
 
 
 to dress it 
 
 72 
 
 Oblique marching in line 
 
 ib. 
 
 To oidrk time, to march in quick time and 
 
 
 the back step 
 
 73 
 
 To march in line with the rear rank leading 
 
 75 
 
 LESSON IV. 
 
 To march to a flank 77 
 
 Wheeling in file 79 
 
 To halt the company marching to a flank, and 
 
 to face it to its proper front. ib. 
 
 To form the company marching to a flank by 
 files, to the right flank, if marching to the 
 right, or, by files, to the left flauk, if 
 JBarehing to the left. *^ 
 
INDEX. 155 
 
 7AGE* 
 
 ^'^he company marching to a flank, forming 
 to the front, from file, either in company 
 DT by platoon. B2 
 
 LESSON V. 
 
 Wheelings 85 
 
 Wheeling forward by platoons from line 8Q 
 
 March in open column 92 
 In open coluoin ^>f platoons, wheeling into a 
 new direction, on a moveable pivot, and 
 
 turning on the march 93 
 
 To halt the column 96 
 When a column of platoons wheels to the left 
 
 or right, into line 97- 
 
 LESSON VL 
 
 To break off files, and to move them up a- 
 
 gain to the front 101 
 To march in column of route, and to execute 
 the various tile movements prescribed 
 
 above 105 
 
 Breaking and forming company on the march lOS 
 
 Countermurch 111 
 To forni to either flank from open column of 
 
 platoons 113 
 
 Manual exercise of the sergeants 1 1 7 
 
 Manual exercise of the corporals 122 
 
 Sword manual of the officer* ib. 
 
156 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Sword salute, whetherinthe ranks or marching 122 
 Saluio by the colours 123 
 
 Appendix 125 
 
 Formation of a regiment in the order of bat- 
 tle, or line ib. 
 Situations of the company ofScers, and non- 
 commissioned officer*, in the order of 
 batlle, and line. 128 
 Situation of the tielO uffioorc and regimental 
 
 Ptaff rn line ib. 
 
 Posts of the drummers £nd musicians in line 129 
 Post? of the pioneers ib. 
 
 Colourr> anl coiour-guard ib. 
 
 PoJiion of the battalion officers when march- 
 
 in.i; in column 130 
 
 Form(*tion and order of a party to escort the 
 
 colours 131 
 
 Reviev/ of parade 133- 
 
 Review of Insptclion 137 
 
 Explanation of the plates 139 
 
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