urmAGRlC.
BIOLOGY
.LIBRARY
G
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
COLL:
^
REVISION OF THE OHTHOPTERAN GROUP ME-
LANOPLI * ACRIDIID^E). WITH SPECIAL REF-
ERENCE TO NORTH AMERICAN FORMS.
BY
SAMUEL HUBBARD SCUDDER.
From the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. XX, pages 1-431
with Plates I-XX VI >.
[No. 1124.]
WASHINGTON:
KNMKM Hi I VI I Ml OFFICE.
1897.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
%
REVISION OF THE ORTHOPTERAN GROUP ME-
LANOPLI (ACRIDIID^), WITH SPECIAL REF-
ERENCE TO NORTH AMERICAN FORMS.
BY
SAMUEL HUBBARD SCUDDER.
Fruin ihc Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. XX, pages \ 421
(with Plates I-XXVI).
[No. 1124.]
WASHINGTON:
COVF.KNMKNT PRINTING OFFICK.
I8 97 .
v
<#>
:
'BIOLOGY
LIBRARY
G
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
Introduction 1
Characteristics and limitations 2
Geographical distribution 4
Dimorphism in length of tegmina 5
Materials, etc 7
Table of the genera of North American Melanopl t 9
Genus 1. Gynmosdrtetes 14
Genus 2. Netrosoma 16
Genus 3. Parad ichroplus 18
Genus 4. Phaedrotettix 22
Genus 5. Conalcaea 23
Genus 6. Barytettix ' 27
Genus 7. Phaulotettix 29
Genus 8. Cephalotettix : 30
Genus 9. Ehabdotettix 32
Grnus '0. Cyclocercus r 36
Genus 11. Sinaloa 40
Genus 12. Paraidemona 41
Genus 13. Aidemona 44
Genus 14. Hypochlora . 46
Genus 15. Campy lacautha 48
Genus 16. Eotettix 53
Genus 17. Hesperotettix 55
Genus 18. Aeoloplus 68
Genus 19. Bradynotes 80
Genus 20. Deudrotettix 91
Genus 21. Podisma 94
The North American species 97
The Old World species Ill
Genus 22. Paratylotropidia '. 117
( Jenus 23. Melanoplua 120
Lakinus series 139
Flabellifer series 144
Bowditchi series 153
Glaucipes series 161
Utahensis series 164
Spretns series 169
Devastator series 190
Impudicus series 203
Aridus series 205
Indigens series 210
Mancus series 212
Dawsoui series , 220
HI
IV CONTENTS.
Geuus 23. Melanoplus Continued. r&>.
Rusticus series 2!H
Borckii series 241
Puer series 250
Inormitns series 253
Fasciatus series ; 258
Alleni series 272
Femur rubruin series 275
Ciuereus series 291
Angustipennis series 301
Packard!! series 308
Texanus series 317
Plebej us series 325
Collinus series 332
Robustus series 349
Bivittatns series 359
Puuctulatus series 371
Genus 24. Phoetaliotes 376
Genus 25. Paroxya 380
Genus 26. Poecilotettix 385
Genus 27. Oedaleonotus 390
Genus 28. Asemoplus 394
Genus 29. Philocleon 396
Genus 30. Aptenopedes 398
Appendix 403
1. List of heretofore-described species of North American Melanopli, with
their present nomenclature 403
2. Undetermined forms 405
3. List of South American Melanopli 406
Explanation of plates 407
Index.. 413
EEVISION OF THE OETHOPTEEAN GEOUP MELANOPLI
(ACEIDIIDAE), WITH SPECIAL EEFEEENCE TO NOETH
AMEEICAN FOEMS.
By SAMUEL HUBBAED SCUDDEE.
INTEODUCTION.
THE PEESENT ESSAY describes iii detail and discusses the classifi-
cation of a group of grasshoppers which forms the prevailing type of
orthopteran life throughout North America the common short-horned
grasshoppers one sees every summer day. Its best known representa-
tive to the world at large is the destructive migratory locust of the
West, the so called "Eocky Mountain Locust." The outbreak of this
insect has been at times extremely disastrous; so much so that a Gov-
ernment commission was for several years in existence, which pub-
lished nearly twenty years ago two voluminous reports in which it and
on or two of its immediate allies were studied with a minuteness and
thoroughness, and illustrated with a fullness very rarely given to any
such insignificant looking creature.
This destructive insect has numerous closely related allies in all parts
of the United States, many of which often abound to such an extent as
to do serious damage to crops, and a few of them have been known to
migrate in similar fashion (though over a far more restricted area), so
that they have sometimes been mistaken by the uninstructed for that
destructive pest.
The group is almost confined to North America, and a great many
species have been described by various writers in a more or less desul-
tory manner. It is the aim of the present paper to enlarge and sys-
tematize our knowledge of this important group as a basis for future
studies. No group of North American Orthoptera has been in greater
need of revision.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XX No. 1 124.
Proc. N. M. vol. xx 1 1
PliOCEEDlNG-S OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
and ' twftittitictis. Stated as briefly as possible, the
Melanopli are Acridians in which the antennae are longer than the fore
femora, which have no foveolae on the vertex, the fastigium more or less
deflexed, passing insensibly into the frontal costa, the prosteruum
mucronate, no sharp and distinct lateral carinae (or they are rarely
present), an arolium on all the tarsi, the hind tibiae with smooth mar-
gins, provided with 9-14 (by rare exception 8) spines regularly disposed
in the outer series, which lacks an apical representative, and the second
hind tarsal joint only half as long as the first.
To state their characters more in detail, theMelauopli may be described
as Acridians, generally of small or medium size, never very large, in
which the head is not greatly exserted and the face is moderately oblique
or subvertical; the antennae are linear, longer than the fore femora; the
eyes are of moderate size, not very strongly prominent, never twice as
long as the infraocular portion of the geuae, the interspace between
them very rarely broad, generally narrow; the fastigium is more or less
decliveut, never greatly produced in the axis of the body, apically entire
and with no transverse ruga, passing insensibly and with obtuse arcu-
ation into the frontal costa; the latter is hardly rounded as seen from
the side, percurrent or subpercurrent, generally sulcate, the sulcation
ordinarily confined to the lower portion; without foveolae, the teinpora
small, obliquely declivent, confused with the front; the superior ocelli
more distant than the antennal scrobes ; the lateral carinae of the face
nearly equidistant from the lateral margins of the frontal costa, but
slightly divergent inferiorly. The dorsum of the pronotum is nearly
plane and without a crest, generally with no distinct lateral carinae, but
at most with rounded shoulders or feeble rugae to represent them, but
often passing insensibly into the lateral lobes ; the principal sulcus is
continuous; the prozona is generally smooth or obsoletely punctate,
never tuberculate, its sulci generally feebly impressed, often mesially
interrupted or subinterrupted, the posterior sulcus often distinctly
divergent laterally from the principal sulcus; the metazona is generally
shorter than the prozona and lies in the same or nearly the same plane
with it, almost always densely punctate; the lateral lobes are truncate
or subtruncate posteriorly, with no humeral sinus or only a feeble one,
the posterior lower angle distinctly obtuse. The prosteruum is armed
with a spine which is usually rather prominent and conical, sometimes
truncate, never sinuate, generally vertical on the posterior face, nearly
or quite as high as the anterior coxae, the posterior portion of the pro-
sternum not or but slightly tumescent; the mesosternal lobes are quad-
rate or transverse, separated more or less widely, the apical inner angle
rectangulate or obtusangulate, generally rounded (often obtusely), the
inner margins generally rounded, often posteriorly divergent; the meta-
sternal lobes are contiguous or not very distant excepting sometimes
in the female and then rarely as distant or even nearly as distant as
NO.H24. /,'/: r/N/o.v or TIIK MELAXOPLISCUDDEK.
the mesosterual lobes. The tegmina are frequently abbreviate or even
wanting; when fully developed, they taper gently almost throughout
and are rather remotely reticulate at least in their apical half, the cells
of the postradial area wholly or partially biseriate in arrangement on
either side of an intercalary vein; the wings are almost always clear
and uniform, never definitely pictured, the veins never scalariform, the
areolae quadrate or longer than broad. All the tarsi are furnished with
an arolium, the front legs are less distantly separate*:! than the hind
pair, the fore tarsi are of moderate length, the first joint short or rather
short; the hind femora are distinctly incrassate basally, generally sur-
pass the abdomen, the upper face generally smooth, the dorsal cariua
entire, unarmed, not profoundly excised before the geuiculation; the
hind tibiae have smooth lateral margins, the spines of the outer and
inner paries are equal or subequal in length, those of the outer series
typically nine 1 or more in number, rarely exceeding fourteen, placed at
subequal distances apart and lacking an apical spine next the calcaria;
the hind tibiae have the first joint not compressed, equal to or slightly
longer than the third, the second much shorter, generally a half shorter,'
than the first as seen from above. The second dorsal segment of the
abdomen is neither granulate nor dentate at the anterior angles, the
extremity of the abdomen in the male generally more or less clavate
and recurved, the supraanal plate not tuberculate, with a basal median
sulcus, a furcula usually present, the cerci very variable, rarely longer
than the supraanal plate, straight or gently curved, never abruptly
recurved basally, generally compressed at least in part, often laminate,
but with no iudirected median spine.
The foundation for our present knowledge of the structural features
of the Melanopli was laid by Stal 2 and enlarged in his Systema
Acrideodeorum (1878) and his Observations Orthopterologiques, lit
(1878). In its present form the group was first defined and named by
Brunner von Wattenwyl, 3 who applied to it the term PEZOTETTIGES.
I have here limited it strictly in the same manner, but it will appear
that it contains a very much larger number of generic types than were
credited to it by Brunner and a vast multitude of species. I shall
moreover show below, when treating the genus Podisma, 4 that the gen-
eric term Pezotettix, from which Brunner derived the name of the
group, has been misapplied of recent years, and should be referred to
the group called Platyphymata in Brunner's Revision. I have accord-
ingly here named the present group MELANOPLI after its predominant
genus MelanopluSj the species of which far outnumber all the others com-
bined. Giglio-Tos in recent papers has described several new genera and
1 By exception, in one sex or on one side of the body, there may be only eight.
2 Recensio Orthopterorum, I (1873).
3 Revision du Systeme des Orthopteres (1893).
4 See also Psyche, VII, pp. 195-196.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
species from South America; but in the present paper full consideration
will be given only to the North American species; a table will, however,
be added for the determination of the Old World species in their place,
and the South American forms will be merely tabulated at the close.
Geographical distribution. The Melanopli are an almost exclusively
American group; a single genus, Podisma, is represented in the Old
World (and more abundantly than in the New) north of 35 north lati-
tude. With that exception almost all the genera and species are confined
to North America. South America possesses four genera (not included in
the present paper) Dichroplus, Scotussa, Scopas, and Atrachelacris, with
about twenty known species mostly referred to Dichroplus, besides
ParadichropluSj with four species in Paraguay. The remaining genera
are exclusively North American, but eleven of them Netrosoma,
Phaedrotettix, Conalcaea, Barytettix, Phaulotettix, Geplialotettix, Rhab-
dotettix, Cyclocercus, Sinaloa, Aidemona, and Philocleon, with nineteen
species, besides two species of the South American genus Paradichro-
plus, are found exclusively in Central America and Mexico, or only pass
the borders of the United States narrowly.
All of these Central and South American genera (with the single
exception of Philocleon) belong to the division of Melanopli in which
the lateral margins of the subgenital plate of the male are not at all
ainpliateatthebase; and they corn prise all but three of the genera belong-
ing to that section, these three being Gymnoscirtetes with one species in
Florida, Hypochlorawith one species from the Canadian border to Kansas
and Colorado, and Campy lacantha with four species, three ranging
from Nebraska to Texas and one found in Mexico. The great bulk of
the species and most of the genera (including all but one Philocleon
of those belonging in the section with ampliate basal margins to the
subgeuital plate) are confined to the United States and Canada, where
they form one of the dominant types of Acridiidae.
This division, that with ampliate basal margins, is represented (apart
from Philocleon with its single species) by fourteen genera and one hun-
dred and seventy-nine species, of which only four genera occur south
of our border, with thirteen species confined to Mexico, and twelve
others found both in Mexico and the United States; leaving ten genera
wholly, and four others almost wholly, belonging to the more northern
region, with one hundred and sixty-six species. No species of either
division are found in the Antilles.
With trifling exceptions, then, the division with nouarnpliate basal
margins to the subgenital plate is characteristic of Central and South
America or subtropical and tropical America while the other divi-
sion, vastly more important, is characteristically temperate North
American, with one outlier in temperate Europe Asia.
The dominant genus is Melanoplus with one hundred and thirty one
species described in the present paper; a number more are known to
NO. 1124. REF1SION OF THE MELANOPLI-SCUDDER.
me, but insufficiently. Podisma follows, with about twenty-four
species, of which only eight are found in America, then Aeoloplus with
ten, Hesperotettix with eight, and Bradynotes with seven. The remaining
genera have at the most only three or four species each, and fourteen
of them are monotypic.
The genera with widest latitudinal range (over twenty degrees) are,
primarily, Melanoplus, and tben Hesperotettix (eight species), PJtoc-
t nluttes (one species), Oedaleonotus (one species), Campylacantha (four
species), and probably Podisma (eight species). Aeoloplus (ten species)
follows hard after. The genera characteristic of the United States,
with narrowest known limits, are Gymnoscirtetes and Eotettix, both
known only from Florida. These last two, with Paroxya and Apteno-
pedes, are the only genera (with eight species between them) confined
to the eastern United States, if Texas may be included in that term,
for they do not extend west of that. Most of the genera are western,
using that term in a broad sense, though Hypochlora, Campylacantha,
Dendrotettix, Paratylotropidia, and PhoetaUotes all but Campylacantha
monotypic genera are peculiar to the Mississippi Valley, though prin-
cipally to its western half. The only genera found across or almost
across the continent, or at all events on opposite sides of the continent,
are Melanoplus, Hesperotettix, and Podisma. Aeoloplus (ten species),
Bradynotes (seven species), Poecilotettix (three species), Oedaleonotus
(one species 1 ), and Asemoplus (one species) are characteristic of the
extreme West. Finally, Hypochlora (one species), Bradynotes (seven
species), Podisma (eight species), and Asemoplus (one species) are con-
fined or nearly confined to the region north of latitude 35. Podisma
has also the same limitations in the Old World. Regarding the distri-
bution of Melanoplus, with its great preponderance of forms, further
details will be given under that genus.
There are but few species which range across the continent, yet not
a few have a very wide distribution. The examples of the former are
wholly confined to Melanoplus: M. atlanis, fasciatus, femur-rubnim,
extremus, minor, tmdfemoratus, M. extremus only in the high north. As
illustrations of the latter may be mentioned Hesperotetiix pratensis,
PhoetaUotes nebrascensis, Paroxya florldana, Oedaleonotus enigma, and
the following species of Melanoplus: flabellifer, spretus, scudderi, daw-
soni, cinereus, packardii, luridus, differentialis, bivittatus, and punctula-
tns. Most of these range more widely from north to south than from
east to west. About three fourths of all the species are known from
west of the Mississippi River only.
J)imorphism in length of tegmina. We find in the Melanopli every
variation possible in the length of the tegmina, but the species are ill
general tolerably well fixed in this respect. The same is the case with
most of the genera, the species of which are in each case generally
apterous, provided with lateral pads, abbreviated tegmina, or fully
\
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
developed tegmina, as the ease may be; but all the larger genera (except-
ing Bradynotes] and some of the smaller show considerable diversity in
this respect; the greatest difference between different members of the
same genus obtains in the two largest genera: Melanoplus. where the
species may range from those with merely lateral pads to those with
tegmina far surpassing the hind femora; and Podisma, where they
range from apterous species to those with tegmina half as long as the
abdomen. But this range is not confined to the larger genera, for sev-
eral monotypic genera (Dendrotettix, Phoetaliotes, and Oedaleonotus) dis-
play a wide difference between different forms of the single species they
possess, in the length of the tegmina, a difference which is also paral-
leled or almost paralleled among certain species of the genera Hespero-
tettijc, Podisma, Melanoplus, and Paroxya, and particularly of the genus
Melanoplus.
This last genus is of particular interest in this connection, for it is
subequally divided between distinctly short-winged and distinctly long-
winged forms, which only rarely appear to be closely allied; yet in four
of the species, M. dawsoni, M. marginatus, M.fasciatus, and M. extremis
species in no way closely related there is a marked dimorphism in
respect of the length of the tegmina, the first two being normally pos-
sessed of tegmina only slightly longer than the pronotum, the last two
of tegmina hardly as long, if as long, as the abdomen, but all occasion-
ally equipped with tegmina distinctly surpassing the hind femora.
When, however, we compare these fully developed tegmina (Plate I, tigs.
a, c, /, i) either with the abbreviated tegmina of the same species, as in
If. extremus (Plate I, fig. </), or with those of their nearest macropterous
allies, M. gladstoni (Plate I, fig. b), M.paroxyoides (Plate I, fig. fc), and
M. borealis (Plate I, fig. d), as in the other species, we can not fail to be
struck by the common differences which separate these abnormal macrop-
terous tegmina from the normal tegmina of the genus. (See further the
tegmina of the type of the genus, M. femur-rubrum, Plate I, tig. /?.).
Instead of the regularly tapering form normal to the genus, the added
portion, which is largely the extension of the region beyond the post-
radial intercalary area, is nearly equal, giving the tegmina a consider-
ably greater apical breadth and a consequent openness of neuration,
besides a less tapering form. What is further to be noticed is that this
apical breadth and openness of neuratiou is also the characteristic of
several cases in other genera where there is similar dimorphism in length
of tegmina, as in Dendrotettix quercus, Podisma alpina, and Phoetaliotes
nebrascensis (Plate I, fig. e). In Podisma the most abbreviated form ot
wing is plainly normal, and I am therefore inclined from these examples
to regard the abbreviated as the normal form in Dendrotettix, Phoeta-
liotes,smd the species of Melanoplus (except, of course, M. femur-rubrum)
here illustrated. The same, however, is not the case in Oedaleonotus,
where dimorphism of similar degree is found, and it is therefore prob-
N0 . 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 7
able that the fully equipped form is here the normal, although, so far as
we now know, it is much less commonly found than the brachypterous
forms. Other instances where there is considerable but not so marked
nor perhaps so uniform a difference in win^-length is in Paroxya flori-
(lana and perhaps Hesperotettix viridis, in both which genera the length
of the tegmina is variable. In these two species the tegmina are not
apically broad in the macropterous forms, and differ only in length from
the brachypterous forms.
MtttcrialKj etc. The specimens forming the basis of the present study
are in my own cabinet, which contains, often in large series, the greater
portion of the species, collected in large part by myself in different
sections of the country, but supplemented by specimens secured from
the Texan collections of Boll and Belfrage, a large series from Iowa
and Illinois obtained by Doctor J. A. Allen, and others from the South-
western States and Mexico by Edward Palmer; besides the entire col-
lection of Mr. P. E. Uhler, who many years ago generously turned over
to me his own private collection, containing among other things many
specimens obtained from the early explorers of the West.
Through the favor of the Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution, in charge of the United States National Museum, Doctor G.
Brown Goode, and the Honorary Curator of Insects in the same insti-
tution, Doctor C. V. Eiley, I have had the Museum's entire collection of
Melanopli in my hands during this study. The collections of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge, Massachusetts, have
also been open to me. My neighbors and colleagues, Mr. Samuel Hen-
shaw and Mr. A. P. Morse, have also placed all their Melanopli in my
hands; and from Professor Lawrence Bruner, of Lincoln, Nebraska, I
have received a complete series of all the forms known to him, which has
been on the whole the most important aid I have received. Professor
Jerome McNeill, who had begun a study of the Melanopli, mainly of the
National Museum, not only generously transferred the work to my hands,
but gave me free use of his notes and sent me several species otherwise
unknown to me. The University of Kansas sent me a series of interest-
ing western forms in its museum, Mr. W. S. Blatchley a series of the
Indiana species known to him, Professor C. P. Gillette interesting forms
from Colorado, and Professor H. B. Weed a few from Mississippi. All
of these gentlemen have freely answered many inquiries made of them,
and any failing in the present paper must be laid at my door. In this
way I have seen the types of nearly all the species described from
North America, and while in England Mr. Samuel Henshaw kindly
examined for me several of Walker's types at the British Museum. I
have been further aided for the European species by Hofrath Brunner
von Wattenwyl, Doctor Chr. Aurivillius, and Mons. A. de Bormaus.
In all, I have examined for the purposes of this paper nearly eight
thousand specimens, of which about seven thousand belong to the
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
single genus Melanoplus. The sexes are nearly equally divided, the
males forming about forty-six per cent of the whole. Thirty genera
(eighteen new) and two hundred and seven species (one hundred and
fifteen new) are described in the present paper.
Finally, by the aid of a grant from the ELIZABETH THOMPSON SCI-
ENCE FUND I have been able to procure illustrations of the abdominal
appendages of every avaiable species.
A few words should be added regarding certain details of presenta-
tion: Instead of giving the range of variation in the measurements of
each species, I have selected as far as possible typical average speci-
mens, male and female, for the purpose, taking the measurements of all
parts from the same individuals. The number of individuals of each
species seen is given, and the localities from which they came immedi-
ately added, with the name of the collector (when not myself), and
when not from my own collection, the source from which I have received
them stated (in parentheses); occasionally my own name is there
added, when specimens from the same source are also found in my col-
lection ; where no parenthesis follows the locality, the specimens referred
to are in my collection.
In describing the abdominal appendages of the males, I have found
it convenient to introduce a few new terms. These are: Furcula for
the pair of backward-directed apophyses of the last dorsal segment,
which overlie, generally in a more or less forked position, the base of
the supraanal plate ; infracercal plates for the variously developed but
generally inconspicuous paired plates, which underlie in part the cerci,
in part the lateral portions of the supraanal plate; and. pallium for the
sometimes erectile, membranous pellicle partially closing the open
cavity formed of the walls of the subgenital plate, and variously devel-
oped in the different genera.
December 20, 1895.
NOTE. The exclamation point employed in the synonymy of the species has its usual
significance that the reference is authoritative from an examination of the original
types of the author in the passage referred to, with the present paper in view.
NO. 1124. EE 'VISION OF THE MELAyOPLTSCUDDER.
ANALYTICAL, KEY TO THE GENERA OF NORTH AMERICAN MELANOPLI
(INCLUDING THE OLD WORLD FORMS). 1
A 1 . Lateral margins of subgenital plate (last ventral segment) of male, as seen later-
ally, straight throughout, or very slightly convex, never at all abruptly ampliate
at the base.
ft 1 . Bony exceptionally slender; mesosternal lobes subattingent in both sexes; pro-
zona three times as long as metazona 1. Gymnoscirtetes (p. 14).
ft-. Body not exceptionally slender; mesosternal lobes in both sexes so widely sep-
arated that the interspace between them is at most twice as long as broad ; prozona
not more than twice as long as metazona.
c 1 . Interspace between mesosternal lobes of female decidedly transverse, some-
times twice as broad as long; of male sometimes transverse, sometimes quadrate
or subquadrate; tegmina lobiform, linear, or wanting.
d 1 ' Interspace between mesothoracic lobes of male decidedly transverse, as
broad as or broader than the lobes; the pronotum without lateral carinae;
tegmina ovate or wanting 2. Netrosoma (p. 16).
- d*. Interspace between mesothoracic lobes of male quadrate or subquadrate,
or, if feebly transverse (as in Paradichroplus), not so broad as the lobes, and
then the pronotum furnished with lateral carinae; tegmina ovate or linear.
c 1 . Subgenitnl plate of male pyramidal, pointed, a slight tubercle extending
beyond its posterior margin, but the margin extending well beyond the apex
of the supraanal plate 3. Paradicliroplua (p. 18).
e''. Subgenital plate of male more or less conically protuberant apically, but
its interior apical margin not surpassing or barely surpassing the apex of the
supraanal plate.
/'. Apical tubercle of subgenital plate small, extending but a short dis-
tance beyond the supraanal plate; cerci of male abruptly narrowed before
the middle by excision of the inferior margin, the apical half narrow; lat-
eral carinae of pronotum wholly wanting 4. Phaedrotettix (p. 22).
/ 2 . Nearly the whole subgenital plate forming a blunt conical tubercle
projecting some distance beyond the supraanal plate; cerci of male form-
ing broad, apically decurved, subfalcate laminae; lateral carinae of pro-
notuui more or less distinct 5. Conalcaea (p. 23.)
c. Interspace between iresosternal lobes of female generally longer than broad,
sometimes quadrate rarely feebly transverse 2 ; of male never at all transverse
(except feebly in Siualoa and Cephalotettix) ; tegmiua variable.
d j . Tegmiua never fully developed, rarely as long as the prouotum, lateral
and ovate, or linear, or wholly wanting; hind margin of pronotum distinctly
truncate; fore and middle femora of male (except in Phaulotettix) distinctly
more gibbous than in the female.
e 1 . Furcula of male wanting or forming a pair of brief lobes at most no
longer than broad.
1 By permission of the Assistant Secretary this key has been issued in advance in
the Proceedings of the American Academy, XXXII, No. 9.
2 CephalotcttijL, in which the female is unknown, is placed in this division.
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
f l . Last dorsal segment of male furnished rnesially with a pair of slightly
protuberant rounded lobes; cerei of male compressed laminate, beyond
the slightly narrowing basal portion equal or stibequal, the tip curved
downward or inferiorly angulate at apex.
g l . Prosternal spine erect ; interspace between mesothoracic lobes of male
nearly twice as long as broad; fore and middle femora of mule notice-
ably gibbous; subgeuital plate of male terminating in a large conical
tubercle 6. Barytettix (p. 27).
g". Prosternal spine retrorse; interspace between mesothoracic lobes of
male only a little longer than broad; fore and middle femora of male
only slightly gibbous; subgenital plate of male with no apical tubercle.
7. Phaulotettix (p. 29).
/ 2 . Last dorsal segment of male entirely without projecting lobes or fur-
cula in any form, unless as exceptionally broad and short sessile plates;
cerci of male (except in Cephalotettix) apically acuminate or curved
upward.
1 . Head large and eyes, at least in male, large and very prominent, the
breadth of the head distinctly exceeding the greatest width of the pro-
notum; interspace between mesothoracic lobes of male slightly trans-
verse 8. Cephalolettix (p. 30) .
(f. Head normal and eyes not very prominent even in the male, so that
the breadth of the head does not exceed the greatest width of the pro-
notum; interspace between mesothoracic lobes of male distinctly longer
than broad.
ft 1 . Tegmina lobiform; subgenital plate of male protruding beyond
the tip of the supraanal plate by less than half the length of the
latter; cerci of male compressed, subequal, the tip broad.
9. KliaMoiettix (p. 32).
h 2 . Tegmina linear ; subgenital plate of male protruding beyond the
tip of the supraanal plate by much more than half the length of the
latter; cerci of male tapering from the base, the tip acuminate.
10. Cyclocercus (p. 36).
e 2 . Furcula of male consisting of a pair of parallel, attingeut, cylindrical
prominences, generally at least twice as long as broad.
/'. Tegmina lobiform; interspace between mesosternal lobes of male
slightly transverse ; cerci of male forming compressed, subequal laminae.
11. Sinaloa (p. 10).
/ 2 . Tegmina wanting ; interspace between mesosternal lobes of male longer
than broad; cerci of male styliform, conical 12. Paraidemona (p. 41).
d*. Tegmina fully developed or abbreviate, never much if any shorter than
thepronotum; hind margin of pronotuin distinctly angulate; fore and middle
femora scarcely more gibbous in the male than in the female (except in some
species of Campylacantha).
c 1 . Tegmma fully developed; disk of pronotum nearly flat, the lateral lobes
nearly at right angles to it, the posterior margin rectangulate or subrectau-
gulate; prosterual spine quadrate, appressed, broadly truncate.
13. Aidemona (p. 44).
e 2 . Tegmina abbreviate; disk of pronotum tectiform, the posterior margin
obtusangulate; prosterual spine more or less conical and acuminate.
/'. Head not prominent, the summit very slightly arched longitudinally;
prosternal spine erect; furcula of male composed of projecting cylindrical
lingers; surface of the body very feebly pilose 14. Hypochlora (p. 46).
f*. Head prominent, the summit strongly arched longitudinally; proster-
ual spine more or less retrorse ; furcula of male reduced to slight, scarcely
projecting lobes; surface of body rather densely pilose.
15. Campylacanlha (p. 48).
MO. 11 24. REVISION OF THE MEL AX OP LI SC UDDER. H
A 2 . Lateral margins of subgeuital plate of male suddenly ampliate to a considerable
degree at the base; or if not to a considerable degree, then the entire margin rather
strongly convex or sinuate.
& 1 . Subgenital plate of male furnished with a distinct subapical tubercle (i. e., one
in which the apical margin does not pass through and form a part of the summit
of the tubercle, but where it is distinctly separated from that summit), but not
otherwise tumesceut.'
c 1 . Median carina of pronotum well developed and equally developed through-
out, accompanied on the front of the prozona by distinct lateral carinae; pro
sternal spine sharply acuminate; tubercle of subgenital plate directed wholly
backward, occupying the middle of the terminal portion of the plate; furcula
distinctly developed 16. Eotettix (p. 53).
( -'. Median carina of pronotum feebly developed and generally much more feebly
on the prozona than on the nietazona, accompanied by no lateral carinae what-
ever; prosternal spine bluntly acuminate; tubercle of subgenital plate directed
upward or upward and backward, occupying the upper extremity of the ter-
minal portion of the plate.
rf 1 . Body relatively slender and compressed, not much enlarged at the rneta-
thorax, particularly in the male; disk of the pronotum tectiform, 3 the prozona
not distinguished from the metazona either by its plane or by any lack of a
median carina, which latter is generally marked in color; pronotum fully half
as long again as broad; hind femora long and slender; apical tubercle of male
abdomen prominent; furcula present as distinctly projecting lobes; terminal
segments of female abdomen not abbreviated, the ovipositor fully exserted.
17. Hesperotettix (p. 55). l^
d' 2 . Body relatively short and stout, considerably enlarged at the metathorax
even in the male; disk of pronotum gently convex transversely, the prozona
slightly and independently tumid with no median carina, thus distinguishing
it from the metazona ; 3 hind femora relatively short and stout ; apical tubercle
of male abdomen not very prominent; furcula- scarcely or not apparent; termi-
nal segments of female abdomen abbreviated, the ovipositor only partially
, exserted 18. Aeoloplus (p. 68). (/
l^ft 2 . Subgenital plate of male with 110 distinct subapical tubercle, but often apically
prolonged or tumescent. 4
c 1 . Meso- and metastethia together, in both sexes, no longer or scarcely longer
than broad; metastethium narrowing but little posteriorly, so that the portion
behind the metasternal lobes is but little narrower than the rest, rarely (in the
male) less than three-fourths its width ; cerei of male very simple, subconical,
straight; ovipositor half concealed 19. Bralynotes (p. 80). ^
-,c 2 . Meso- and metastethia together, at least in the male and nearly always in
both sexes, distinctly longer than the width of the metastethium; the latter
rapidly narrowing posteriorly, so that the portion behind the metasternal lobes
is not, or is hardly more than, one-half the greatest width of the metastethium;
cerci of male variable; ovipositor generally fully exserted.
d 1 . Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male distinctly transverse, 5 as
1 See note under alternate category.
2 This feature is not so apparent in the first three species of Hesperotettix as in the
others.
3 This feature is less marked in Ae. tenuipennis and Ae. elegans than in the others.
4 There is a minute subapical tubercle in some species of the flabellifer series of
Melanoplus, but in these the male cerci are exceptionally broad and flabellate, while
in the species of the alternate category ( J 2 ft 1 ) the cerci are very slender and tapering.
fi ln many cases the interspace is truncato-cuneiform or broadly clep.'ydral, in
which cases the breadth is to be measured in the middle. In a single species of
Podisma, P. dairisama, the interspace is slightly longitudinal.
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
v
broad as, or nearly as broad as, the lobes themselves; of the i'emale distinctly
or strongly transverse, fully as broad as or (and generally) broader than the
lobes; metasternal lobes of male generally distinctly distant, occasionally
approximate; of the female generally more distant, the interspace in the latter
generally as wide as or wider than the frontal costa; tegniina typically
abbreviate.
e l . Face almost vertical; eyes small, but prominent and widely distant; pro-
notum constricted in the middle, with deeply impressed transverse sulci, and
the lateral lobes not obliquely truncate apically in front; distinct lateral
carinae 20. Dendrotettix (p. 91).
e 2 . Face a little oblique; eyes rather large, not very prominent, and not
greatly distant; pronotum not, or but feebly, constricted in the middle,
with generally feebly impressed transverse sulci and the lateral lobes
obliquely truncate apically on the anterior section 21. Podisma (p. 94).
If 1 . Pronotum of subequal width, the sides nearly parallel ; subgenital
plate of male normal... Podisma, s.s.
/ 2 . Pronotum enlarging posteriorly, conspicuously in the female; sub-
genital plate of male exceptionally expanded, laterally tumid and elevated
premarginally Eupodisma.]
d 2 . Interspace between mesosternal lobes generally longer or much longer
than broad in the male, almost never (see Melanoplus montanus and M. borealis)
in the least broader than long even when the sides of the interspace are
posteriorly divergent; generally quadrate in the female but more variable
than in the other sex, sometimes as narrow as there, more often subtransverse,
occasionally in some short-winged forms (asin Melanoplus artemisiae, M. mililaris,
M. altitudinum and Asemoplus montanus) distinctly transverse; in both sexes
always distinctly, generally much, narrower than the lobes (except in the
females of the cases just cited, where they are barely narrower) ; metasternal
lobes of male generally attiugent or subattingeut, rarely only approximate;
of the female less distant than in the alternate category (A 2 b z c ] d r ), generally
approximate or subapproximate, the interspace generally narrower than the
frontal costa; typically the tegmina are completely developed.
L/^ 1 . Face almost vertical or a little oblique, its angle with the fastiginm
rarely less than 75; eyes rounded oval, never more, generally less, than
half as long again as broad; portion of metasternum lyiug behind the lobes
transverse, more than twice as broad as long; tegmina normally present.
l . Tegmina always present; sides of first abdominal segment with a dis-
tinct tympanum.
/0 1 . Fastigium of vertex plane or convex; eyes separated widely, the
space between them twice as broad as the frontal costa; pronotum
furnished with distinct percurrent lateral cariuae; tegmina abbreviate;
cerci apically acuminate 22. Paratylotropidia (p. 117).
g 2 . Fastigium of vertex more or less depressed or with elevated lateral
margins; eyes separated narrowly, at most but little farther apart than
the width of the frontal costa; pronotum with indistinct 1 or no lateral
carinae; tegmina fully developed or abbreviate; cerci variable, rarely
acuminate apically.
'. In/erior genicular lobe of hind femora with at least a darker basal
spot or transverse band; cerci of male variable, often enlarging
apically.
,^. Dorsum of pronotum rarely or never twice as long as the average
breadth, generally only half as long again even in the male, gener-
ally constricted more or less in the middle; antennae even when
longest (as in Melanoplus nitidus and M. packardii, for instance) no
In a few species they are tolerably distinct.
so.1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 13
longer than the him! femora and only twice as long as the pronotum
alone ; face rarely as decli vent as in Paroxya ; prozona usually a half
longer than the metazona.
r/^ 1 . Head not large in proportion to pronotum, nor prominent, but
little longer than the prozona, unless (as in Melanoplus spretus)
the latter is distinctly transverse ; pronotum in no way subsellate,
nor flaring in front ; tegmina, when fully developed, narrow, rarely
(Melanoplus dawsoni, 1 M. extremus, M. marginatus, etc.) rather broad,
but then very distinctly tapering, more or less tapering in distal
half, at a distance from the apex equal to the breadth of the teg-
mina distinctly narrower than the metazona. the intercalaries,aud
cross- veins of the discoidal area (except in M. dawsoni completes and
M. marginatus ampins) relatively numerous, at least in the apical
fourth and usually throughout, the venation in general sharp and
clearly defined, the area intercalata generally distinctly defined
by the adjustment of the veins at its distal extremity, the humeral
veiu straight and apically arcuate, nearly always terminatingeither
on the apical margin or but a short distance before it, running for
some distance almost exactly parallel to the costal margin or merg-
ing insensibly into it; cerci of male very variable, very rarely
(Melanoplus flabellatus, M. puer) substyliform, and then the sub-
genital plate is either exceptionally broad, or only moderately nar-
row and the apical margin elevated 23. Melanoplus (p. 120). ^""
j 2 . Head large in proportion to pronotum, especially above, and
prominent, nearly half as long again as the long prozona; pro-
notum faintly subsellate, feebly flaring in front to receive the head ;
tegmina, when fully developed, broad and subequal, hardly taper-
ing in the distal half, at a distance from the apex equal to the
breadth of the tegmina as broad as the metazona, the intercalates
and cross-veins of the discoidal area everywhere few, the venation
in general loose and ill defined, the area intercalata not distinctly
marked by the adjustment of veins at its distal extremity, the
humeral vein (the upper of the pair of stout veins from the upper
attachment) broadly sinuous, terminating on the costal margin
at least as far before the apex as the breadth of the tegmina,
nowhere running closely parallel to that margin nor merging into
it; cerci of male styliform, the subgenital plate very narrow, the
margin not apically elevated 24. Plwetalioies (p. 376)
i 2 . Dorsum of pronotum twice as long as average breadth, at least
in the male, with no median constriction; antennae, at least in
the male, generally longer than the hind femora and much more
than twice as long as the pronotum, generally twice as long as
head and pronotum together; face more declivent than in Melan-
oplus; prozona only about a third longer than the metazona.
25. Paroxya (p. 380).
h 2 . Inferior genicular lobe of hind femora wholly pallid, with no dark
basal spot or transverse band ; cerci of male conical or subconical or
basally bullate, always apically pointed.
1 1 . Subgenital plate of male terminating in a pronounced tubercle;
prosternal spine slender 26. Poecilotettix (p. 385). ^r
1 2 . Subgenital plate of male, even when apically augulate, not fur-
nished with an apical tubercle; prosternal spine stout.
j } . Relatively heavy-bodied; dorsal disk of prozona tumid inde-
pendently of the metazona ; pronotum distinctly augulate or cj>n-
1 In form of tegmina and sparseness of neuratiou this species is the Melanoplus
most nearly allied to PhoetaUoten, and like it it is dimorphic as to tegmina.
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
vex behind ; the portion of the metasternum lying behind the lobes
laterally extended, reaching to the coxae; tegmina fully developed
or abbreviate, but overlapping, with many longitudinal veins; cerci
of male very stout and bullate on basal half or more; abdomen of
female bluntly rounded apically, the posterior segments much abbre-
viated ; ovipositor but slight] yexserted. . 27. Oedaleonotus (p. 390).
j*. Relatively slender-bodied; dorsal disk of prozona not tumid
independently of the metazona; pronotum truncate posteriorly;
portion of metasternum lying behind the lobes laterally abbre-
viated, much narrower than the width between coxae ; teginiua
linear, lateral, distant, with only a few longitudinal veins; abdo-
men of female tapering regularly to a pointed tip ; ovipositor nor-
mally exserted 28. Asemophis (p. 394).
/ 2 . Tegmina wanting; sides of first abdominal segment with no tym-
panum 29. Philocleon (p. 396).
2 . Face rather strongly oblique, the angle it makes with the fastigium
varying about from 55 to 67 ; eyes elongate, almost or quite twice as long
as broad; portion of metasternum lying behind the lobes subtriangular, not
greatly broader than long; tegmiua linear and lateral or absent.
30. Aptenopedes (p. 398)
1. GYMNOSCIRTETES, new genus.
(yvuroS, naked (in allusion to its apterous condition); tixiprdG), to leap.)
Gymnoscirtetes BRUNER, MS.
Body exceptionally long and slender, subcylindrical, a little com-
pressed. Head excepting eyes scarcely enlarged, the face considerably
declivent; vertex scarcely (male) or somewhat (female) tumid, trian-
gular, the eyes approximate, especially in the male where the slender
fastigium between them is narrowly sulcate; fastigium declivent,
expanding greatly in front and broadly berfTowed; frontal costa of
moderate width but distinctly broader thanHhe interspace between the
eyes, subequal but constricted just below the ocellus, percurrent, sul-
cate; eyes large, prominent, particularly in the male where they are
subrotund, while in the female they are nearly half as long again as
broad, in both sexes but particularly in the male about twice as long
as the anterior infraocular portion of the genae ; antennae rather slender,
cylindrical, much longer than the head and pronotum together. Pro-
notum compressed cylindrical, truncate at each extremity, with com
pletely parallel sides and with a slight uniform median carina, the
prozona quadrate above and fully three times as long as the metazona,
its two median sulci slightly impressed, subapproximate, and distant
from either margin ; lateral carinae wholly absent, the lateral lobes very
short, their lower margin obtusely angulate, the posterior angle distinct
but obtuse. Prosternal spine rather slight and moderately slender,
conical, erect; mesosternal lobes subattingent in both sexes or even
attingent in the male; metasternal lobes attingert in both sexes.
Apterous. Fore and middle femora scarcely more gibbous in the male
thsfn in the female; hind femora very slender, unarmed; hind tibiae
with short spines, similar in length on either side, 8-9 in number in the
NO. 1124.
REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER. 15
outer series. Lateral margin of the subgenital plate of the male straight
from base outward, at the tip slightly elevated into a minute erect
tubercle; cerci simple, conical.
This genus is very distinct from anything known to me, and I have
been in some doubt as to whether it should be placed in Melanopli,
especially as in the only male I have seen there were but eight spines
on the outer side of the hind tibiae; but Professor L. Bruner informs
me that he has an immature male with nine spines, which agrees with
what I find in the female, so that this feature must be looked on as
variable, as it is in some other genera of Melanopli.
Although I have placed it at an extreme distance from Aptenopedes,
from which it is clearly widely separated in the lack of any basal
ampliation of the subgenital plate of the male, it recalls that genus in
its general appearance and especially in the triangular vertex of the
head; it differs, however, much from it in its subcylindrical slender
body and the close approximation of the sternal lobes.
It is represented by a single species occurring in Florida.
GYMNOSCIRTETES PUSILLUS, new species.
(Plate II, fig. 1.)
Gymnoscirtetex pusillus BRUNER!, MS.
Head above and in front between the lateral carinae of the face
lighter or darker chestnut brown; lower part of the genae of a similar
color but in a lighter tint, while the upper part of the genae is lemon
yellow in continuation of the body stripe of that color ; vertex with a
mediodorsal, greatly widening, blackish fuscous stripe including a yel-
lowish thread; basal joint of antennae yellow, the remainder dark
testaceous. Pronotum luteo-testaceous, above the median carina fus-
cous; upper half of lateral lobes piceous, forming a broad longitudinal
band which extends forward to the eyes (where it is margined above
with dull yellow) and behind over the abdomen, becoming there some-
what narrowed posteriorly and broken beneath, fading out on the
terminal segments; lower half of lateral lobes of pronotuin lemon
yellow, forming a baud which extends forward over the head and back-
ward over the meso- and metathorax, and on the abdomen (growing
duller) becomes a part of the general color of the under surface. Meta-
zona and extreme anterior part of prozona feebly and rather sparsely
punctulate; upper surface of meso- and metanota and of abdomen
like the pronotum, but more or less infuscated. Hind femora yellow
luteous, the upper half or less of the outer face more or less plumbeous;
hind tibiae pale dull green, the spines black, pallid at base. Supra-
anal plate of male large, triangular, the apex acuminate, a little blunt,
the whole central basal portion elevated to form another similar triangle
in which lies a pronounced demi lanceolate, basal sulcus, with sh^rp
walls, considerably less than half as long as the plate; furcula consist-
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
ing of a pair of scarcely projecting rather distant rounded lobes; cerci
styliform, slender, gently tapering to a rather blunt point, conical,
straight or feebly incurved apically, fully as long as the plate; infra-
cereal plate slightly developed, concealed when the cerci are appressed.
Length of body, male, 13 mm., female, 19.75 mm.; antennae, male,
5.75 mm., female, 6.5-f rnm.; hind femora, male, 7 mm., female, 9.5 mm.
One male, one female. Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida, Ash-
mead (L. Bruuer; U.S.N.M. [No. 701J).
2. NETROSOMA, new genus.
(njrpov, a spindle ; d&ita, body.)
Body subfusiform, especially in the female, compressed cylindrical,
glabrous but very sparsely pilose. Head not prominent, the genae
tumescent, the vertex considerably arched, slightly elevated above the
level of the pronotum, the fastigium very narrow in the male, rather
narrow in the female, gently descending, deeply sulcate, the face retreat-
ing somewhat, particularly in the male; eyes rather prominent, broad
oval, half as long again as the infraocular portion of the genae, at
least in the male; frontal costa rather prominent and narrowed above,
below moderately broad, at least as broad as (female) or distinctly
broader than (male) the interspace between the eyes, with the face
feebly punctate; antennae with the apical joints depressed, fully half
(male) or a little less than half (female) as long as the body. Prono-
tum enlarging considerably and regularly backward, compressed cylin-
drical, the dorsum well arched transversely, passing quite insensibly
into the vertical lateral lobes, with the feeblest possible signs of a
median carina, both front and hind margins truncate, the sparsely but
distinctly and finely punctate prozona about twice as long as the simi-
larly but more densely punctate inetazona, the transverse sulci oblit-
erated on the dorsum. Prosternal spine erect, conical, in the female
appressed; interval between mesosternal lobes transverse, as broad as
or broader than the lobes in both sexes, the rnetasternal lobes subat-
tingent (male) or approximate (female). Teginma lateral and linear,
shorter than the pronotum, or wanting. Fore and middle femora of
male not at all tumid; hind femora short but not very stout, the hind
tibiae with eight spines in the outer series. Extremity of male abdo-
men feebly clavate and a little upturned, the subgenital plate with lat-
eral margins straight from the very base, with a slight tubercle at tip
which scarcely surpasses the supraanal plate; cerci laminate, of mod-
erate breadth, inferiorly acuminate and turned downward at tip;
furcula wanting.
Two species are known, both from Mexico.
N.fmiformis may be regarded as the type.
NO. 1124. EE VISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER. 17
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NETROSOMA.
Tegmiua present in both sexes; interspace between the mesosternal lobes of male
no broader than the lobes themselves; hind tibiae red on proximal half only.
1. fusiformix (p. 17).
Te^mina absent, at least in the male; interspace between the mesosternal lobes of
male broader than the lobes themselves; hind tibiae red on distal half only.
2. nigropleura (p. 18).
i. NETROSOMA FUSIFORMIS, new species.
(Plate II, fig. 2.)
Body fulvo-luteous with piceous or chocolate black markings. Head
with the face and posterior part of the genae fulvo-luteous, the region
of and about the frontal costa generally infuscated, the front half of
the genae below the eyes, a broad band behind the eyes, a slender inedio-
dorsal line reaching the posterior part of the fastigiuin, and the lateral
walls of the frontal costa above the antennae, black ; antennae fuscous,
lighter at base. Upper surface of body behind the head with a median
stripe, generally of uniform though in different individuals of varying
breadth, generally as broad as the interspace between the eyes, of fulvo-
luteous, separating a pair of piceous or chocolate black very broad
stripes, which in passing backward broaden on the pronotuin and nar-
row and finally disappear on the abdomen, the metathoracic episterna
fulvous. The uieso- and metanota and some of the basal abdominal
segments are sparsely punctate; posterior margin of the pronotum fee-
bly emarginate, including in the emargination the whole dorsal breadth;
interspace between the mesosterual lobes of male of the same breadth
as the lobes themselves. Tegmiua blackish, the veins occasionally
lighter, a little longer than the prozona, enlarging slightly beyond the
base in the male. Fore and middle femora fuscous; hind femora with
the outer face luteo fulvous or pallid luteous, crossed with a variable
obliquity by a pair of broad subtransverse bands of ferrugineo-fuscous
or black, often confluent along the lower margin and with a basal spot
of the same, the bands repeated on the inner side; upper face and genic-
ulation ferruginous; hind tibiae glauco-plumbeous on the distal, coral-
line on the proximal half, the transition gradual, the spines pallid
with black tips. Supraanal plate of male long triangular with gently
convex sides, the tip acutangulate, with a rather deep median sulcus
interrupted in the middle, bounded at base by high and coarse rounded
walls, at tip by slight walls; furcula wholly wanting; cerci moderately
broad, equal from the base or with the slightest possible median con-
striction, lamellate, as long as the supraanal plate, the apical portion
suddenly bent slightly inward, turned strongly downward and sharply
acuminate.
Length of body, male, 14 mm., female, 21.5 mm.; antennae, male, 7
mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 3 mm., female, 3.25 inin.j hind
femora, male, 8.5 mm., female, 12.25 niin.
Proc. N. M. vol. xx 2
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
Three males, 14 females. Montelovez, Chihuahua, Mexico, September
20, E. Palmer. [U.S.N.M. No. 702, female.]
2. NETROSOMA NIGROPLEURA, new species.
(Plato II, fig. 3).
Pezotettix nigropleura BRUNER!, MS.
Body luteo-testaceous, heavily marked with black. Head uniform
luteo-testaceous, sometimes feebly infuscated, with a broad black baud
behind the eyes, and the lateral faces of the frontal costa above the
antennae marked with black; antennae blackish fuscous. Prouotum
and body behind it with a broad equal mesial baud of luteo-testaceous,
separating two very broad black bauds precisely as in N. fusiform is,
only the lower third of the lateral lobes, the inesothoracic episterna and
the lower half of the metathoracic episterna luteous. Meso- and rneta-
nota with scarcely perceptible very sparse punctuation ; posterior mar-
gin of the pronotum feebly emarginate, including the whole dorsal
breadth ; interspace between mesosternal lobes of male a little broader
than the lobes themselves. Tegmiua wholly wanting in the male
(female unknown). Hind femora luteo-testaceous with very feeble
cloudy signs of bifasciate markings similar to those of N. fusiformis;
hind tibiae dull luteous at base passing on apical half into coral red,
the spines pallid with black tips. Supraanal plate of male triangular
with straight sides, the extremity abruptly truncate and with a small
mesial triangular appendix, the basal half with a raised rounded longi-
tudinal ridge, having a tolerably deep mesial furrow on its summit;
furcula wholly wanting; cerci moderately broad, lamellate, tapering
gently and straight on basal third or more, beyond arcuate subfalcate
and gently incurved, terminating in an acute but rounded angle below,
Length of body, male, 13 mm.; antennae, 8.5 mm.; hind femora,
8.25 mm.
Two males. Lerdo, Durango, Mexico (L. Bruner).
Besides the differences from N. fusiformis mentioned in the table, the
present species has relatively longer antennae.
3. PARADICHROPLUS.
(Ttapa, beside; Dicliroplus, a genus of Melanopli.)
Pezotettix (Div. II) ST!L, Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Akad.-HandL, V. No. 9 (1878), pp. 4, 8.
Paradichroplus BRUNNER, Re>. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145.
Body rather elongate, compressed, sparsely pilose. Head not promi-
nent, nor broader than the thorax, the vertex gently convex, scarcely
or not elevated above the level of the pronotum, the fastigium rounded,
descending moderately, the face retreating considerably, especially
below; interspace between the eyes not very narrow even in the male,
as broad as the broadest part of the frontal costa, which is at the ocellus,
the costa narrowing considerably above, slightly sulcate below and
failing to reach the clypeus; antennae short and stout, scarcely if at
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 19
all exceeding in length the pronotum. Pronotum enlarging regularly
and slightly (male) or considerably (female) from in front backward, the
disk nearly plane, separated by percurreut lateral carinae (as distinct
as the percurrent median cariua) from the subvertical lateral lobes, the
front and hind border truncate or sub truncate, the nearly smooth
prozoua less than twice as long as the rather feebly punctate metazona,
rather longer than broad, divided in the middle by a feeble transverse
sulcus, followed at less than half the distance to the metazona by a
doubly arcuate sulcus at least as distinct. Prosterual spine erect,
variable; mesosternal lobes separated by an interval which is subquad-
rate but a little transverse and nearly as broad as the lobes in the
male, strongly transverse and broader than the lobes in the female, the
metasternal lobes subapproximate in both sexes. Tegmina elliptical,
not wholly lateral, shorter than the pronotum. Fore and middle femora
tumid in the male, the hind femora moderate, compressed, the hind
tibiae with 9-11 spines in the outer series. Extremity of the male
abdomen upturned and slightly enlarged, the subgenital plate strongly
produced and elongate, its lateral margins feebly convex, meeting api-
cally at an acute angle which is provided with a slight tubercle and is
removed at a long distance from the tip of the supraanal plate; furcula
developed slightly or moderately; cerci very long and very slender,
laminate, directed inward apically.
Two species are known, coining from Mexico, Central America, and
northern South America.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PARADICHKOPLUS.
Prosternal spine quadrate, appressed, truncate ; posterior margin of pronotum feebly
emarginate; inner edges of tegmiiia separated by half tbo width of tbe pronotum;
furcula well developed 1. tnexicanus (p. 19).
Prosternal spine conical; posterior margin of pronotum entire; inner edges of
tegmina subattiugeut ; furcula very slight 2. raricolor (p. 21).
i. PARADICHROPLUS MEXICANUS.
(Plate II, figs. 4, 5.)
Platyphyma mexicanum BRUNNER, Verhandl. Zool.-Bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1861
(1861), p. 224; Orth. Stud. (1861), p. 4. WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit.
Mus., Suppl., V (1871), p. 71. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873),
p. 224.
Caloptenns mexicanus WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mas., IV (1870), pp. 682-
683. THOMAS, Kep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 227.
Paradicliroplus mexicanus BRUNNKR, Rev. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145.
Blackish fuscous above with a strong ferruginous tinge, dull flavous
below. Head with tumescent genae plumbeous or livid, more or less
heavily mottled with ferrugiueo-fuscous, the summit wholly blackish
fuscous, separated from a broad blackish fuscous band behind the eyes
by a lighter but obscure stripe behind the upper part of the eyes;
frontal costa rather prominent above, especially in the male, punctate,
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
narrowed a little above the ocellus and slightly sulcate below it, the
fastigium shallowly sulcate; antennae ferruginous. Pronotum with
the hind margin feebly emarginate, the disk nearly uniform in color,
but with the lateral lobes sometimes lighter and the metazona some-
times longitudinally combed with obscure luteous, the lateral lobes
mostly of the color of the disk or darker, but their lower portion, both
on prozona and metazoua, with quadrate patches of dull luteous or
flavous, forming a broken baud slightly separate from the lower mar-
gin. Prosternal spine quadrate, brief, appressed, broadly truncate.
Tegmina ovate, less than twice as broad as long, their inner edges
separated by half the width of the pronotum, of the color of the upper
surface. Fore and middle legs dull ferruginous; hind femora ferrugi-
nous, the carinae, lower margin of the outer face, and lower face
flavous, on the last often strongly tinged with red; hind tibiae pale red,
the spines, except at base, black. Supraanal plate of male triangular,
acutely angled at tip, the lateral margins a little elevated, within them
the surface tectate, bearing at the summit of the ridge a deep slender
sulcus fully two-thirds the length of the plate, the ridge fading beyond;
furcula consisting of a pair of basally approximate, short, triangular,
pointed teeth, diverging at nearly right angles; cerci long and very
slender, tapering in the basal third, beyond lamellate, equal nearly to
the tip, incurved gently and downcurved as gently, feebly twisted, the
apex acutangulate below by the slope of the upper margin, somewhat
longer than the supra anal plate, pilose; infracercal plates moderately
broad, laterally arcuate, about as long as the supraanal plate.
Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 23.5 mm.; antennae, male, 5.5
mm., female, 6 mm.; tegmiua, male, 3.25 mm., female, 4 mm.; hind fem-
ora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 12.75 mm.
Three males, 2 females. Mount Orizaba, Mexico, W. S. Blatchley; the
same, 11,500 feet, March (L. Bruner). Originally described from the
same mountain as collected by M. Aug. Salle "an pied de la niege."
Mr. Blatchley informs me that at the time of his visit the snow line
was at 15,000 feet, and adds that he took a single specimen of the species
at 13,500 feet, "a very few individuals may have been taken as low as
9,000 feet, but the species was common only between 10,000 feet and
12,000 feet; above 12,000 feet scarce."
According to statements in the daily press, 1 Orizaba, which is of
volcanic origin, showed signs of a renewal of activity early in March,
1895, when hot ashes were ejected, the snow disappeared from the sum-
mit and the vegetation of the upper part of the mountain was burned.
Possibly this means the extinction of Paradichroplus mexicanus.
The following description of the living insect, made upon the spot,
has been kindly sent me by Mr. Blatchley: Pronotum of male ash
gray tinged with yellow, especially along the median line; sides of
pronotum with a brownish stripe on upper half, bordered below with
See especially the Examiner of San Fraiicisco, March 12, 1895.
NO. 1 124 RE VISION OF THE MELANOPLISC UDDER. 2 1
one of yellowish white; face grayish ; abdomen with a yellow line along
the back, the sides brown, the sternites yellow; sternites of thorax
bluish gray; a whitish bar extends from base of tegmiua diagonally
to hind coxae; sides of hind femora brown with two yellowish stripes
on upper margin, below light orange; tibiae deep orange; tarsi flesh
color. Female tinged with greenish yellow where there is clear yellow
in the male; cheeks, whole sternum and lower sides of abdomen blue,
especially the sternites of thorax ; lower sides of hind femora and tibiae
deep orange.
Mr. Samuel Henshaw, while recently in London, procured for me at
the British Museum a drawing of the genitalia of Walker's Caloptenus
med'icanus, described by him as new, showing that it was unquestion-
ably the present species. (See Plate II, fig. 4.)
2. PARADICHROPLUS VARICOLOR.
(Plate II, fig. 6.)
Pezoteitix varicolor STAL, Bill. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Hamll., V (1878), No. 9, pp. 9-10.
Faradichrophis varicolor BRUNNEH, R6v. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145. GiGLio-Tos,
Zool. Jahrb., Abtli. Syst., VIII (1895), p. 813.
Dark ferrugineo-testaceous, lutesceut beneath, with a black lateral
stripe. Head with the genae not in the least tumesceut as seen from
above, the summit blackish fuscous, and behind the eyes a broad
piceous band; raised portions more or less obscured with blackish
fuscous; frontal costa much narrowed above, punctate, plane; fasti-
gium feebly sulcate anteriorly. Pronotum with the hind margin entire,
the lateral carinae feeble on the metazona, the upper portion of the
lateral lobes with a broad piceous band, the continuation of that
behind the eye, somewhat tinged with chocolate, accompanied on the
prozona by a slender black stripe between the front and middle sulcus,
halfway between the black band and the lower margin. Prosternal
spine conical. Tegmiua half as long again as broad, apically acumi-
nate, their inner edges subattingent, testaceous, the costal half, in
continuation of the pronotal stripe, infuscated. Fore and middle legs
ferruginous above, luteous below; hind femora with the upper half of
the outer and upper third of the inner face blackish, the upper face
ferruginous, the remainder flavous, the hind tibiae dull pale red, the
spines black on apical, pallid on basal half. Supraanal plate of male
broadly triangular, apically rectangulate, the angle rounded, the sur-
face nearly flat, with a percurrent rather sharply defined median sulcus;
furcula consisting of a pair of subattingent, very feeble, rounded lobes;
cerci very slender, tapering very gradually on basal half, then laminate
and subequal, bent abruptly inward and backward and feebly twisted,
terminating in a blunt point.
Length of body, male, 11.75 mm.; tegrnina 2.75 mm.; hind femora
8 mm.
One male, Columbia. Originally described from Colombia and Mex-
22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
ico. Having only a male from Columbia, received from Hofrath Brun-
nervon Wattenwyl, I am compelled to base my description and figure
upon that alone. Giglio-Tos reports it from Paraguay.
4. PHAEDROTETTIX, new genus.
((paidpoS, bright; rsm, grasshopper.)
Body small, compact, distinctly largest at the inetathorax, sparsely
pilose. Head a little prominent and, with the eyes, nearly as broad as
the posterior portion of the pronotum, at least in the male, the vertex
moderately convex, slightly elevated above the pronotum, thefastigium
descending rapidly and the face retreating somewhat; eyes moderately
large, moderately prominent, more prominent in the male than in the
female, broad oval, half (female) or less than half (male) as long again
as broad, scarcely longer than the infraocular portion of the geuae;
interspace between the eyes almost equally narrow in both sexes, con-
siderably narrower than the frontal costa. which is not very narrow,
subequal, percurrent, sulcate; antennae slender, of similar length in
the two sexes, but very little longer than head and pronotum together.
Pronotum very feebly flaring in front to receive the head, the metazona
flaring considerably throughout, otherwise parallel-sided, compressed,
the dorsal surface transversely convex, passing insensibly into the ver-
tical lateral lobes with no lateral carinae, both front and hind margins
truncate, the latter feebly and roundly emarginate, a percurrent median
carina; prozoua sparsely punctate, less than twice as long as the closely
punctate metazona, at least in the male, its middle transverse sulcus
angulate, being bent forward laterally, its posterior sulcus similarly
bent or sinuate, its anterior sulcus rather remote from the front margin.
Prosternal spine erect, conical, subappressed ; interspace between rneso-
sternal lobes of male subquadrate, slightly longer than broad, of female
distinctly transverse, almost as broad as the lobes; metasterual lobes
approximate in both sexes. Tegrnina linear, lateral, about as long as
the prozona. Fore and middle femora tumid in the male; hind femora
rather long and slender, the hind tibiae with nine spines in the outer
series. Extremity of the male abdomen subclavate, upturned, bluntly
rounded, but with a slight apical tubercle formed partly by the com-
pression of the subgenital plate, the lateral margins of which are
straight throughout, and at apex do not surpass the tip of the supra-
anal plate; cerci laminate, subfalcate; furcula subobsolete.
A single species is known, coming from Mexico and southern Texas.
PHAEDROTETTIX AUGUSTIPENNIS, new species.
(Plate II, fig. 7.)
Pezotettix anf/ustipennis BRUNER!, MS.
Fuscous above, luteo-fuscous below. Head livid fuscous, flecked and
more or less punctate with fuscous, the vertex (except a livid stripe
following the upper edge of the eye and passing backward) and a broad
NO. 1124.
REVISION OF THE MEL ANOPLISC UDDER. 23
band behind the middle of the eye blackish fuscous; whole face and
lower part of genae punctate; antennae fnsco-ferruginous. Pronotum
blackish fuscous on prozona, ferrugineo-fuscous on metazoua, the upper
portion of the lateral lobes with a broad blackish band, on the ineta-
zona curving slightly downward and fading out, sometimes edged
above anteriorly by a feeble, dull luteous stripe, but beneath sharply
denned from the dull luteous remainder of the lateral lobes, this band
often subobsolete in the female, or scarcely distinguishable from the
disk; metasternal epiinera with an oblique luteous stripe. Tegmina
dark fuscous. Fore and middle femora luteo-fuscous or fusco-luteous;
hind femora with the outer face greenish plumbeous, the upper face
ferruginous, the lower luteous, the inner luteous in the lower, fuscous
in the upper half, the whole geniculation fuscous; the hind tibiae blue-
green, fusco-ferruginous at extreme base and tip, the spines black-
tipped. Supraanal plate of male subclypeate, tapering gradually, the
broadly subtruncate tip very obtusely angulate, the sides feebly con-
cave, with a median tectate ridge which divides in the basal third to
include a narrow,- triangular, rather deep sulcus; furcula consisting of
a pair of inconspicuous rounded lobes, formed by the slight fullness of
the interior angles of the divided halves of the last dorsal segment;
cerci broad at base but at once narrowed by the abrupt excision of the
lower margin, so as to be less than half the basal breadth, the apical
portion subequal, subfalcate, the lower apical angle acute, the whole
laminate, scarcely incurved.
Length of body, male, 13 mm., female, 17 mm.; antennae, male, 5.5
mm., female, 6 mm.; tegmiua, male, 2 mm., female, 2.8 mm.; hind
femora, male, 8 mm., female, 10 mm.
Six males, six females. Mount Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, Mexico,
E. Palmer [U.S.N.M. No. 703, male and female]; Comancho, Durango,
Mexico, November (L. Bruner) ; Corpus Christ! Bay, Nueces County,
Texas, December 11-20, E. Palmer.
5. CONALCAEA, new genus.
(xGoro 1 :, cone; 'ahxai'a, tail.)
Body rather stout, somewhat compressed, slightly (male) or distinctly
(female) largest at the metathorax, thinly pilose. Head moderate,
slightly prominent in the male only, with the eyes about as broad, in
the male, as the metazona; vertex gently convex, scarcely elevated
above the level of the pronotum, the fastigium descending rapidly, the
face retreating slightly; eyes large, not very prominent, little more so
in the male than in the female, longer than (male) or not quite so long
as (female) the posterior intraocular portion of the genae, broad oval,
hardly more than half as long again as broad in either sex; interspace
between the eyes rather narrow, similar in the two sexes, scarcely nar-
rower than the frontal costa, which is subequal, more or less sulcate,
and fails to reach the clypeus; antennae slender, rather long. Pro-
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
notum enlarging slightly (male) or considerably (female) in passing
backward, with distinct percurrent median carina and sometimes dis-
tinct, sometimes scarcely perceptible lateral carinae, the dorsum very
broadly tectate in the first case, obscurely so in the second, the lateral
lobes snbvertical or vertical; both front and hind margins transverse,
the latter emarginate; prozona sparsely punctate, as long as its pos-
terior breadth, about twice as long as the densely punctate metazona,
cut in the middle by a distinct, straight, transverse sulcus, and followed
at less than half the distance to the metazona by a similarly impressed
transverse sulcus of variable direction. Prosternal spine conical, erect,
in the male rather long; interspace between mesosternal lobes sub-
quadrate but much narrower than the lobes in the male, distinctly
transverse and nearly or quite as broad as the lobes in the female, the
metasterual lobes attingent or approximate in the male, moderately
distant in the female. Tegmina rather long elliptical, fully as long as
the prozona. Fore and middle femora tumid in the male; hind femora
not very long and rather stout, but subcompressed, the hind tibiae with
nine to ten spines in the outer series. Extremity of the male abdomen
subclavate, but elongate by the posterior extension of the subgenital
plate, as in Barytettix, as a blunt conical tubercle; lateral margins of
this plate straight from the base, the apical margin well rounded, reach-
ing beyond the tip of the supraanal plate by a brief distance; cerci
and furcula as in Barytettix.
The type of this genus is C. miguelitana, the only one in which both
sexes are known.
Three species are here described ; they occur in Mexico and south-
western New Mexico.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CONALCAEA.
A 1 . Lateral carinae of pronotura distinct; posterior margin of prouotum distinctly
emarginate.
.6'. Tegmina well rounded at tip ; hind tibiae red 1. miguelitana (p. 24).
& 2 . Tegmina apically truncate; hind tibiae luteous or flavescent.
2. truncatipennis (p. 25).
A 2 . Lateral cariuae of prouotum obscure, the dorsum passing almost insensibly into
the lateral lobes; posterior margin of i>ronotum only faintly emarginate; lobes of
furcula of male much broader than long, scarcely projecting.
3. neomexicana (p. 26).
i. CONALCAEA MIGUELITANA, new species.
(Plate II, fig. 8.)
Fusco-testaceous, more or less lutescent beneath, very sparsely pilose.
Head dull luteous (male) or olivaceo-testaceous, much infuscated (female),
the vertex always more or less infuscated and especially marked with
a pair of dark streaks divergent from the base of the fastigium ; genae
much mottled witli fuscous, particularly in the female; fastigium sulcate
between the eyes and feebly, in the male only, beyond; frontal costa
barely reaching the clypeus, nearly plane but depressed at the ocellus
in the female, feebly sulcate except at summit in the male, punctate
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 25
especially above, the punctation extending upon the sides of the fas-
tigium; rest of face and lower part of genae sparsely punctate; anten-
nae fuscous, apically ferruginous. Pronotum with the disk of the
prozona more uniformly darker than the rest, the lower part of the lat-
eral lobes of the prozona suffused with luteous; thoracic epimera black.
Tegmina narrow at the base, enlarging rather rapidly to beyond the
middle and then again diminishing to the well-rounded extremity, dis-
tinctly shorter than the pronotum but longer than the prozona, black
in the interstices of the veins which are fusco-luteous, generally darker
below than above. Hind femora variable in color but with the upper
half or more of the outer face always dark fuscous, sometimes black-
ish, the rest of it more or less luteous, the adjoining carinae black, but
the others yellowish, the outer portion of the lower surface dull oliva-
ceous, the upper surface olivaceo-fuscous, the geuicular arc black ; hind
tibiae red, feebly incurved, the spines black on their apical half, more
or less pallid, especially on the inner side, on their basal half. Abdo-
men sparsely and coarsely pundate throughout with a pallid median
carina, the hinder edges of the segments sometimes deeply infuscated.
Supraanal plate of male rather long triangular, with a pair of approx-
imate, rather sharp ridges, subparallel but nearly meeting in the middle,
inclosing on basal half a tolerably deep sulcus, just before the extrem-
ity of which, outside the middle of either side of the plate, is a very
short blunt ridge; furcula consisting of a pair of subattingent minute
lobes, projecting by about their own width ; cerci compressed, laminate,
broad, subequal, tapering a very little at the base, subfalcate, the lower
apical portion produced and very acutely angulate, not incurved ; apical
tubercle coarse and blunt, projecting beyond the apical margin of the
subgenital plate but a short distance.
Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 27 mm.; antennae, male,
female, 9 mm.; tegmina, male, 4.1 mm., female, 5 mm.; hind femora,
male, 12.5 mm., female, 15 mm.
Two males, 3 females. Sierra de San Miguelito, San Luis Potosi,
Mexico, E. Palmer.
2. CONALCAEA TRUNCATIPENNIS, new species.
Fusco-testaceous, mottled with dull ferruginous, the abdomen dull
testaceous. Head pale ferrugineo-testaceous, mottled with ferruginous
on luteo-testaceous, the summit with two divergent ferruginous stripes
and feeble signs of a postocular ferruginous stripe; fastigiuiu feebly
depressed between the eyes, punctate at tip ; frontal costa punctate
throughout, very shallowly sulcate , rest of face and lower part of genae
sparsely punctate; antennae dark fuscous. Pronotum with feeble signs
of a luteous stripe following the lateral carinae, the posterior margin
of either side, including that of the lateral lobes, sinuate. Tegmina
rapidly enlarging from the constricted base to the middle, beyond sub-
equal, broadly truncate at the extremity, about as long as the prozona,
testaceous. Hind femora ferrugineo-testaceous, dull olivaceous beneath,
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL xx.
tlie genicular arc black 5 hind tibiae luteo-testaceous or flavescent, the
spines black-tipped. Abdomen sparsely and coarsely punctate.
Length of body, female, 22 mm.; antennae, 6.75 mm.; tegmiua, 3.1)
mm.; hind femora, 11.5 mm.
One female. Saltillo, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, March 21-28, E. Palmer.
This species differs from the preceding by its truncate tegmina, paler
hind tibiae, more uniform and generally lighter coloring, and the wider
interval between the mesosternal lobes of the female, which is here
almost or quite as wide as the lobes themselves.
3. CONALCAEA NEOMEXICANA, new species.
(Plate II, fig. 9.)
Ferrugineo-testaceous above, heavily marked with black, testaceous
beneath. Head testaceous, with a flavous tinge, flecked with fuscous
on the sides, and heavily infuscated above with a narrow streak of luteo-
testaceous behind the middle of the upper half of the eye, separating a
fuscous patch above from a black patch below; fastigium shallowly
and interruptedly sulcate, the frontal costa punctate, sulcate in its
middle half, the rest of the face and genae almost equally punctate;
antennae?. Pronotum scarcely widening posteriorly, with hardly any
indication of lateral carinae, the hind border very feebly emarginate,
the disk almost uniformly ferrugineo-testaceous, the upper half of the
lateral lobes of the prozona piceous, cut in the anterior half by an
oblique luteous streak, the lower half luteo-testaceous ; thoracic epimera
black. Tegmina enlarging gently from the rather narrow base to the
middle of the distal half and then well rounded, fully as long as the
prozoua, black, with mostly luteous veins. Hind femora with the outer
face livid, streaked with black above, the upper face ferruginous, the
lower pale green, separated from the outer face by a dark-green carina,
the genicular arc black ; hind tibiae reddish luteous^ the spines pallid,
with black tips. Abdomen, at least in its basal half, together with the
ineso- and metanota, black or blackish ferruginous, with a narrow
ferrugineo-testaceous median stripe, the black narrowing and finally
disappearing posteriorly, coarsely punctate. Supraanal plate of male
long triangular, tectate, with a slender and deep percurrent median
sulcus, and the lateral margins gradually raised a little; furcula con-
sisting of little more than the thickening of the adjoining edges of the
parted halves of the last dorsal segment; cerci very much as in C.
miguelitana, but more contracted in the middle, wider beyond, with the
upper margin in consequence more strongly sinuate; terminal tubercle
large and extending beyond the posterior margin of the subgemtal
plate by a greater distance than the latter is removed from the tip of
the supraanal plate.
Length of body, male, 19 mm.; tegmina, 4 mm.; hind femora, 11.25
mm.
One male. Silver City, Grant County, New Mexico (L. Bruner).
NO. 1124. RE VISION OF T7/7-: M I'.L . I XO PL / ,SV n>DER. 2 7
6. BARYTETTIX, new genus.
(fiapvt, heavy; TSTTI^, grasshopper.)
Body heavy, moderately compressed, thinly pilose. Head large,
moderately prominent, the vertex gently convex, not raised above the
level of the pronotuin, the fastigium descending with moderate rapidity
and the face retreating slightly; eyes very large, moderately promi-
nent, about equally so in the* two sexes, broadly ovate in the male,
elliptical in the female, much longer than the intraocular portion of the
genae; interspace between the eyes narrow, especially in the male, the
fastigium sulcate throughout, widening considerably beyond, the
frontal costa relatively broad, considerably broader than the interspace
between the eyes; antennae not very slender, long, half as long as the
body in the male. Pronotuin short, subequal, widening slightly at the
metazona, the front margin truncate and laterally plicate, the hind
margin truncate and emarginate, its dorsum gently convex, passing
insensibly into the vertical lateral lobes, a feeble percurrent median
carina; prozona transverse, especially in the female, sparsely punctate,
slightly less than twice as long as the densely punctate metazona,
crossed in the middle by a distinct transverse sulcus, followed at less
than half the distance to the metazona by a similar augulato-arcuate
sulcus. Prosternal spine bluntly conical, erect; interspace between
mesosterual lobes twice as long as broad in the male, subquadrate and
nearly as broad as the lobes in the female, the metasternal lobes rather
distant in the male, approximate in the female. Tegmina elliptical,
about as long as the prozona. Fore and middle femora very tumid in
the male; hind femora short and moderately stout; hind tibiae with
nine to ten spines in the outer series. Extremity of the male abdomen
subclavate, but with the subgeuital plate so produced posteriorly as to
form an exceedingly coarse and blunt conical tubercle, the lateral mar-
gins straight from the very base, the apical margin removed from the
tip of the supraanal plate by considerably more than half the length of
the latter; cerci large, laminate, arcuate, the augulate tip directed
downward; furcula composed of a pair of minute lobes.
B. cmssus may be taken as the type of the genus.
Two species are known, both from Lower California.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BAKYTETTIX.
Tegiuina unicolorous; hind margin of pronotum distinctly emarginate; frontal
costa sulcate throughout (male) ................................. 1. crassm (p. 28).
Tegmina longitudinally bicolored; hind margin of pronotum very feetly emargi-
nate; frontal costa plane, or depressed only just below the ocellus (female).
2. peninsulae (p. 28).
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL NUSETM. VOL.XX.
i. BARYTETTIX CRASSUS, new species.
(Plate II, fig. 10.)
Luteo-testaceous, probably flavescent in life, marked with fuscous
and black. Head subluteous, a little infuscated on vertex and with
a fuscous band behind the eye distinct only at its upper margin; bor-
ders of fastigium and frontal costa punctate; other parts of face very
obscurely and sparsely punctate; frontal costa sulcate throughout;
antennae luteo-testaceous, becoming infuscated on the apical half.
Prozona luteo testaceous above, luteous on the lower half of the lateral
lobes, their upper half occupied by a broad piceous patch which nar-
rows anteriorly by the excision of its lower margin; inetazoiia fusco-
testaceous; epimera black. Tegrnina blackish fuscous with dull luteous
veins. Fore and middle legs luteo-testaceous, the apical half of the
claws black, the arolia much more than half as long as the last tarsal
joint, narrowly edged with black (hind legs wanting). Abdomen with
a narrow laterodorsal dark fuscous stripe on some of the basal seg-
ments, and most of the segments dorsally margined posteriorly with
testaceous. Supraanal plate of male triangular with sinuous sides,
either longitudinal half broadly and deeply sulcate, the rising margins
between them inclosing a deep and rather narrow median sulcus, con-
stricted at the middle; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate,
very small, rounded lobes, scarcely projecting; cerci very broad and
compressed, a little narrowed before the middle, the basal portion a
little bullate, the apical produced by its inferior extension, the apex
acutely angulate and curved downward, the whole very feebly incurved ;
upper margin of the subgenital plate straight throughout, well rounded
apically, the tubercle very coarse and very blunt, nearly doubling the
length of the plate.
Length of body, male, 21.75 mm.; antennae, 11 mm.; tegmina, 4 mm.
One male. San Jose del Oabo, Lower California, Gr. Eisen, collection
California Academy of Sciences (L. Bruner).
2. BARYTETTIX PENINSULAE, new species.
Light testaceous with a luteous tinge, marked with black. Head
testaceous with a faint ferruginous tinge, marked above with a median,
more or less broken, black stripe which follows the sulcus of the fastig-
ium and broadens considerably behind; also with a very broad black
band behind the eyes; whole face and lower portion of the geuae dis-
tinctly but sparsely punctate, the frontal costa feebly convex except
for a slight depression below the ocellus; antennae light ferruginous
on basal, ferruginous on apical half. Metazona testaceous with no
luteous but a feeble olivaceous tinge, the prozona luteo-testaceous,
marked on disk with a couple of narrow, parallel, subdorsal black lines
on its posterior half, which cross also the metazona, but are there
evanescent and slightly divergent; lateral lobes of the prozona marked
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 29
above by a broad, slightly oblique, fusco-piceous patch which fails to
reach the anterior border; pleural incisures and metathoracic epimera
marked in black. Tegmina black on more than the lower half, above
pallid luteous. Fore and middle legs luteo- testaceous; hind femora
pallid luteous, the entire geniculatiou except most of the lower lobe
black; hind tibiae long pilose, brownish luteous excepting the under
surface which is brownish fuscous, the spines black excepting their
inner bases. Abdomen with a narrow mesial black stripe widening on
each segment at its extremity ad cut by the testaceous carina ; sides
of some of the apical segments partly blackish fuscous.
Length of body, female, 19 mm. ; antennae, 7.5 mm. ; tegmiua, 3 mm. ;
hind femora, 12 mm.
One female. Lower California, G. Eisen, collection California Acad-
emy of Sciences (L. Bruner).
7. PHAULOTETTIX, new genus.
(<pavA.o<3, good-for-nothing; Terric, grasshopper.)
Body compact, compressed, pilose. Head not prominent, not wider,
including the eyes, than 'the broadest part of the thorax, the vertex
gently arched, not elevated above the pronotuin, the fastigium rapidly
descending, the face retreating slightly; eyes large but not very prom-
inent, more than half as long again as broad in the male and nearly
twice as long as the anterior infraocular portion of the geuae, separated
above by a very narrow space; frontal costa narrow, but wider than
the space between the eyes, equal, percurrent, silicate; antennae only
a little longer than head and pronotum together. Pronotum truncate at
each extremity, barely broader behind than in front, transversely
convex, the disk passing insensibly into the vertical lateral lobes, a slight
median cariua; prozona transverse, slightly less than twice as long as
the inetazoua, divided in the middle by a distinct transverse sulcus,
followed at a short distance behind by a less distinct sinuous sulcus,
very feebly and sparsely punctate in distinction from the densely
though not sharply punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, blunt,
conical, retrorse; interval between inesosternal lobes subquadrate, the
metastemal lobes attingent over a short space. Tegmina present as
minute pads scarcely extending beyond the prouotum, situated high
upon the sides. Fore and middle femora scarcely tumescent; hind
femora very short and moderately stout, the hind tibiae with 9 spines
in the outer series. Abdomen strongly compressed, the tip scarcely
enlarged as seen from above, upturned only by its inferior curve;
margins of the subgenital plate not ampliate at the base, straight, well
rounded and entire apically, extending beyond the tip of the supraanal
plate by about half the length of the latter; furcula minute; cerci
simple, compressed laminate, tapering, inferiorly angulate at apex.
As only the male is known to me, the description is - necessarily based
on that sex only.
A single species is known, from Mexico.
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
PHAULOTETTIX COMPRESSUS, new species.
(Plate II, fig. 11.)
Brownish testaceous above, olivaceo-testaceous below, marked on the
sides with a feebly arcuate piceous stripe. Head dark brownish testa-
ceous above, with a piceous band behind the eyes, below which the pos-
terior parts of the genae are ferruginous, while the face and rest of the
head are olivaceo-testaceous; frontal costa punctate above; fastigium
very narrowly and slightly sulcate; antennae flavescent, growing fus-
cous apically. Pronptum dull olivaceo-testaceous on disk, with a large
median, fusco-ferrugiuous, trapezoidal patch, the upper half of the lat-
eral lobes blackish, the lower flavo-testaceous, excepting the dark lower
part of the front half of the prozona; sides of the abdomen with a
diminishing piceous band, broken by the pink incisures, the middle of
the dorsum becoming gradually brownish testaceous. Tegmina testa-
ceous. Fore and middle legs and hind femora green, the latter fusco-
luteous above, blackish on the sides of the geniculation, and luteous
within; hind tibiae red with a green base, the spines pallid, black-
tipped. Supraanal plate long triangular, well rounded at apex, strongly
tectate, with a moderately deep basal median sulcus, less than half as
long as the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of minute, attingent,
parallel fingers, hardly longer than broad; cerci slender, compressed,
short, tapering on the basal half, beyond equal, the lower outer extremity
acutangulate (hardly so represented in the figure).
Length of body, male, 15 mm.; antennae, 6.1 mm.; hind femora, 8.6
mm.
One male. Montelovez, Cohahuila. Mexico, September 20, E. Palmer.
8. CEPHALOTETTIX, new genus.
(Kegxxfa), head; rsrri^, grasshopper.)
Body subcylindrical with subparallel sides, slightly constricted in the
middle of the abdomen. Head large, prominent, well exserted, together
with the eyes considerably broader (at least in the male) than any part
of the thorax; vertex well arched, elevated above the pronotuin, the
fastigium rapidly descending, and the face considerably retreating, these
two at right angles; eyes very large and very prominent (in the male),
very broadly ovate, and yet nearly twice as long as the intraocular por-
tion of the genae; fastigium broadening considerably in front of the
eyes, sulcate throughout, the frontal costa considerably broader than
the interval between the eyes, yet not very broad, equal except for a
slight contraction above, feebly depressed just above the ocellus ; anten-
nae slender, about half as long as the body. Pronotum parallel sided,
scarcely widening at the metazona, the front and hind margin as in
Ehabdotettix, compressed cylindrical, with neither median nor lateral
carinae, the disk passing insensibly into the lateral lobes; prozona
sparsely punctate, about twice as loug as the densely punctate meta-
NO. 1124. EEVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCUDDEli. 31
zona, divided in the middle by a feeble, straight, transverse sulcus,
followed at scarcely less than halfway to the inetazona by a similar
sulcus. 1'rosternal spine erect, rather long, pyramidal, acuminate;
interval between mesosternal lobes feebly transverse, almost as wide as
the lobes themselves, the metasternal lobes subcontiguous. Tegmina
elliptical, about as long as the prozona. Fore and middle femora tuines-
rent in a slight degree; hind femora short and moderately stout, the
hind tibiae with nine spines in the outer series. Extremity of the
abdomen subclavate, well rounded, upturned, the margins of the sub-
genital plate of male with no basal ampliation, straight, the apex
broadly rounded, protruding beyond the tip of the supraanal plate by
less than half the length of the latter; furcula wanting; cerci com-
pressed, slender, subequal and nearly straight.
The female being unknown, the description is based wholly upon the
male.
The genus is represented by a single species' found in Mexico.
CEPHALOTETTIX PARVULUS, new species.
(Plate III, fig. 1.)
Pezotettix parvuUia McNEiLLl, MS.
I'c-otettix olivacciix BRUNER!, MS.
Blackish or fuscous bronze green above, olivaceous yellow below,
rather sparsely and not briefly pilose. Head above and sides to the
lower level of the eyes bronze green, becoming blackish above, with
the feeblest sign of a light-colored stripe behind the upper margin of
the eye; rest of head with face olivaceous yellow, feebly infuscated and
sparsely punctate: antennae olivaceous at base, testaceous beyond and
infuscated at tip. Pronotum wholly and almost uniformly dark bronze
green, a little darker above than on the lateral lobes, and slightly
darker on prozona than on- inetazona. Abdomen above fusco-olivaceous,
more or less ferruginous at the ends of the segments. Tegmina testa-
ceous. Fore and middle legs and hind femora olivaceous yellow, the
upper surface of the latter becoming fuscous in the apical half, the
whole geniculatipn blackish; hind tibiae green, the spines blackish
brown except at base. Supraanal plate of male triangular, broadly tec-
tiform except apically, the summit of the tectate portion with a rather
deep, slightly narrowing, basal sulcus half as long as the plate; furcula
absent; cerci slender, compressed but not laminate, tapering slightly at
the base, beyond equal, straight, feebly incurved and bluntly rounded
at the tip, angulate below.
Length of body, male, 13.25 mm.; antennae, 6.75 mm.; tegmina, 2.5
mm.; hind femora, 8.5 mm.
Two males. Otoyac, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 2,700 feet, December (L. Bru-
uer) ; Orizaba, Mexico, 4,000 feet, W. S. Blatchley ( J. McNeill).
1 have preferred McNeill's name to Bruner's because the latter has
and the former has not been employed in closely related genera.
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. xx.
9. RHABDOTETTIX, new genus.
(fldf3$o? t a stick; re'rric, grasshopper.)
Paraidemona (pars) BRUNNER, Kev. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145.
Body more or less pilose, of much the same shape as in Paraidemona r
at least in the male; that of the female differs only in being a little
shorter. Head not prominent, not wider including the eyes than the
broadest part of the pronotum; vertex very feebly arched, scarcely
elevated above the level of the prouotum and in the male not above
that of the eyes, the fastigium rather rapidly decliveut, narrow (female)
or very narrow (male) between the eyes, broadening in front, .sulcate
between the eyes in the female, throughout in the male; frontal costa
contracted only at the extreme summit, elsewhere equal, broader than
the interspace between the eyes but not very broad, slightly sulcate;
eyes moderately prominent in the male, much larger than (male) or about
as large as (female) the whole intraocular portion of the genae; antennae
rather slender, fully half as long as the body (male) or simply longer
than head and pronotuin together (female). Pronoturn very slightly
(male) or distinctly (female) enlarging from in front backward, the front
margin not in the least flaring to receive the head, the hind margin
biconvexly truncate, being slightly emarginate in the middle with A T ery
broadly convex halves, more distinct in the female than in the male :
disk nearly plane, but very broadly convex transversely, with well
rounded angles in passing into the vertical lateral lobes, and a very
feeble, blunt, median cariua; prozona about twice as long as the ineta-
zona, sparsely punctate especially in the female, the metazona densely
punctate, the transverse sulci of the former much as in Sinaloa, but
slightly more distant. Prosternal spine short, erect, conical; rnes:>-
sterual lobes separated by an interval which is distinctly longer than
broad in the male, subquadrate in the female, the metasternal lobes
contiguous or subcoutiguous (male) or moderately distant (female).
Tegmina elliptical, lateral, about as long as the prozona. Fore and
middle femora distinctly tumid in the male; hind femora short and
moderately stout, the hind tibiae with 8-11, generally 9, spines in the
outer series. Extremity of the male abdomen subclavate, upturned,
the margin of the subgenital plate with no basal ampliation, straight
or very feebly sinuate, the apex rounded and not angulate, protruding
beyond the tip of the supraanal plate by less than half the length of
the latter; furcula .consisting of a pair of exceptionally broad lobes
scarcely protruding beyond the margin of the last dorsal segment;
cerci compressed, moderately broad, subequal and arcuate or subarcuate.
R. palmeri maybe taken as the type.
The genus is known only from Texas and Mexico, where three species
occur.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF RHA15DOTETTIX.
A 1 . Sides of the disk of the pronotuin with a narrow light colored stripe, rarely
indistinguishable from the rest of the disk, followed, on the upper portion of the
lateral lobes, by a broad dark stripe; cerci of male not narrowed before the middle.
NO. 1124.
OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER. 33
ft 1 . Interspace between the mesosternal lobes of male about twice as long as broad,
the lobes rounded on their inner margin ; cerci of male feebly and regularly incurved
throughout, almost half us broad as the supraanal plate 1. concinnus (p. 33).
b 2 . Interspace between the inesosternal lobes of male only a little longer than
broad, the sides parallel; cerci of male bent distinctly inward on apical third,
much less than half as broad as the supraanal plate 2. palmer i (p. 34).
A 2 . Sides of the disk and of the upper half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum with
no distinct stripes ; cerci of male narrowed before the middle 3. pilosus (p. 35).
i. RHABDOTETTIX CONCINNUS, new species.
(Plate III, fig. 2.)
Body very sparsely but not briefly pilose, brownish testaceous above,
luteo-testaceous below, marked with blackish castaneous and dull
luteous and more or less tinged with ferruginous. Head luteo-testa-
ceous, profusely and delicately mottled with fuscous on face and genae,
the vertex black or blackish castaueous, bounded by a narrow luteous
stripe behind the upper part of the eyes, separating from it a broad
black or blackish band behind the middle of the eyes, which again is
followed by a broad luteous patch behind the lower part of the eyes;
face, including frontal costa and the front of the genae, sparsely punc-
tate; antennae luteo-testaceous more or less infuscated. Pronotum
with a very broad, median, blackish castaneous band crossing the pro-
zona, separated from an equally broad, similar, percurrent, posteriorly
widening baud on the upper half of the lateral lobes (but here less pure)
by a rather narrow dull luteous stripe, the continuation of that behind
the upper part of the eyes; metazona mostly ferrugineo-testaceous ;
rest of the body blackish castaneous above, with a broad, irregularly
margined, broadening, dull luteous or luteo ferruginous, median stripe;
lower portion of lateral lobes of the prouotum luteous or luteo-testa-
ceous. Tegmiua black in the interstices of the pale testaceous veins.
Fore and middle femora greenish with a very strong ferruginous tinge
above; hind femora ferruginous above, yellowish luteous beneath, the
outer face olivaceous more or less infuscated above, the genicular
arc piceous; hind tibiae olivaceous green, the apical half of the spines
black, ten spines in the outer series. Supraanal plate of male triangu-
lar with slightly convex sides, the lateral margins slightly raised, the
inner half tectate with a rather deep and slender median sulcuson the
summit, extending from the base to the middle of the plate; furcula
consisting of a pair of scarcely projecting exceedingly broad plates,
each of which is much more than half as wide as its half of the supra-
anal plate beneath it, separated from each other by a considerable
interval; cerci thinly laminate, the outer side slightly convex trans-
versely, pretty broad, the basal half subequal, the apical half bent
strongly upward in a curve, the apex rounded, the whole gently
incurved, subfalcate; lateral margins of the subgenital plate slightly
and broadly convex as seen from the side, falling toward the apex,
which is not at all angulate; pallium capable of erection as a high
pyramid.
Proc. N M. vol. xx 3
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Length of body, male, 15 mm., female, 18 mrn. ; antennae, male, 9 mm.,
female, 7 inin.; tegmina, male, 2.75 mm., female, 3.5 mm.; hind femora,
male, 10 mm., female, 10.75 mm.
One male, 2 females. Waco, McLennan County, Texas, October 4, 6
(Museum Comparative Zoology); Texas, Belfrage, October 13.
The broader cerci, incurved throughout and not abruptly bent inward
apical ly, separate this species clearly from R. palmer i. In one view
their base may be said to be narrower than the apical portion and so
the description of StaPs species would.be applicable to this, but the
interval between the mesosterual lobes of the male is here nearly twice
as long as broad, while in R.pilosus it is more nearly quadrate.
2. RHABDOTETTIX PALMERI, new species.
(Plate III, fig. 3.)
Body thinly but not briefly pilose, luteo- testaceous beneath, black or
blackish ferruginous (male) or ferrugineo-testaceous (female) above,
marked with dull luteous; the darker parts are found in a dorsal stripe
from the front of the vertex to the front of the metazona, on the upper
half of the lateral lobes of the prouotum, and on the sides of the
abdomen. Head luteo-testaceous, more or less deeply infuscated;
frontal costa feebly punctate above; antennae luteous or testaceous,
apically infuscated. Pronotum with the dark portions mentioned
separated by a narrow light stripe, which begins behind the upper
part of the eyes and on the head is bright luteous, but in passing over
the pronotum, especially iu the female, becomes much duller and is
sometimes scarcely distinguishable; in most vivid examples it crosses
the pronotum, but even in the male it usually becomes obsolescent on
the metazona, which is mostly ferrugineo-testaceous in both sexes,
rarely black mesially in the male; the lateral stripe on the pronotum
generally margined more or less distinctly with black ; lower portions
of lateral lobes luteous or luteo-testaceous, narrowly edged beneath
with testaceous; abdomen with a widening dorsal stripe of ferrugineo-
testaceous. Fore and middle femora ferruginous, slightly iufuscated
apically; hind femora green, ferruginous above, the upper genicular
lobe and sometimes the whole gemculation black; hind tibiae green,
the spines black-tipped, usually nine but varying from nine to eleven
in the outer series. Supraanal plate of male triangular with slightly
convex sides, which are slightly elevated and separated by a broad
valley from the median tectate portion; the latter is considerably ele
vated and carries a deep slender median sulcus more than half the
length of the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of broad plates, whose
advance beyond the posterior line of the last dorsal segment is scarcely
perceptible, each about a quarter the basal width of the supraanal
plate; cerci moderately broad, compressed, straight and slightly dirnin
ishingin size for about two-thirds their length, then suddenly and con
siderably curved inward and bent upward, narrowing more rapidly and
N0 . 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 35
ending roundly; lateral margins of the subgenital plate almost straight,
the apex well rounded; pallium capable of a considerable pyramidal
erection.
Length of body, male, 13 mm., female, 18 mm.; antennae, male and
female, 6 mm.; tegmina, male, 2.75 mm., female, 3.2 mm.; hind femora,
male, 8 mm., female, 10.5 mm.
Eight males, 12 females. Montelovez, Cohahuila, Mexico, September
22, E. Palmer. fU.S.N.M. STo. 704, male and female.]
The antennae of the male are scarcely, so long in this species as in
the others; it differs decidedly from E. concinnus in the bent and narrow
cerci as well as in the more nearly quadrate interspace between the
mesosternal lobes of the male; from E. pilosus, to which it seems more
nearly allied and for which I at first mistook it, it differs in the cerci of
the male, which do not narrow before the middle, in being a smaller
insect, besides having a duller coloring with more contrasted markings,
to judge from Stal's description.
3. RHABDOTETTIX PILOSUS.
Pezotettix pilosus STAL, Bih. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), pp. 10-11.
Paraidemona pilosa BKUNXER, Rev. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145.
I have not seen this species, and accordingly give Stal's description,
englished. The description is mainly a comparative one, the basis of
comparison being Aidemona azteca, next which Stal placed it, in the
same section of Pezotettix.
Olivaceous ; legs yellowish olivaceous ; hind tibiae greenish olivaceous,
the base and geniculatioii proper of the hind femora black; tegmina
rudimentary. Length of male 16 mm.
Male. Interspace between mesosternal lobes a little longer than
broad, with parallel sides, much narrower than the lobes themselves;
metasternal lobes subcontiguous ; eyes large, rather convex; apical
margin [of the pronotumj gradually and obtusely sinuate, slightly
emargmate in the middle, destitute of a lobe; supraanal plate fur-
nished with a gradually narrowing sulcus, extending beyond the
middle of the plate; cerci gently curved, compressed and rather broad
throughout, before the middle slightly narrowed; subgenital plate
short, very strongly recurved; abdomen posteriorly tumescent and
somewhat recurved.
Distinguished from Aidemona azteca by the front and prozona less
densely punctate, frontal costa obtusely subsulcate, narrower between
the antennae, the sides parallel but slightly narrowed at the base, the
interspace between the eyes narrower, the disk of the pronotum
smooth, abbreviate and truncate anteriorly, the metazona about half
as long as the prozona, tegmina rudimentary, widely separated, ellip-
tical, extending slightly beyond the median segment, shorter than the
pronotum, the abdomen blunter at tip, posteriorly more tumid and
recurved, the cerci broader, the last dorsal segment of the abdomen
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
with no obtuse apically emarginate lobe [furcula], the hind femora
slenderer and longer, prosternal spine conical, and the antennae longer,
more than half as long as the body; hind tibiae in the specimen
described furnished exteriorly with eight black spines, greenish oliva-
ceous at the base.
A female specimen, in which the dor sum of the body and of the hind
femora are ferruginous, with smaller eyes, the interspace between the
mesosternal lobes subtransverse and scarcely narrower than the lobes
themselves, and metasternal lobes moderately distant, is very probably
to be referred to the species described above. In this specimen the
antennae are mutilated and the hind tibiae armed exteriorly with nine
spines.
Mexico (Brunner's collection).
To this I may add that the present species is certainly very close to
the others described above under this genus, but seems to be slightly
larger than either, and to differ by the cerci of the male to a greater
degree than either of these do from each other. It is evidently also of
a lighter color, and no mention is made by Stal of a very distinct dark
lateral baud, which is characteristic of the other two.
1O. CYCLOCERCUS, new genus.
(nvxho?, circle; nspno^, tail.)
Body shaped much as in Paraidemona, male and female, rather
sparsely and not very briefly pilose. Head not prominent, the vertex
moderately arched, scarcely elevated above the pronotum, but the
fastigiuin rapidly descending, more or less sulcate especially in the
male, much broadened anteriorly; face moderately retreating, the
frontal costa generally more or less sulcate and broadening slightly
from above downward, generally percurrent ; interval between the eyes
narrow (male) or rather narrow (female), generally narrower than the
upper part of the frontal costa; eyes moderately prominent, especially
in the male, generally much (male) or scarcely (female) longer than the
posterior infraocular portion of the genae; antennae much (male) or
scarcely if at all (female) longer than the head and pronotum together.
Pronotum scarcely (male) or considerably (female) enlarging from in
front backward, both front and hind margins truncate, the latter some-
times slightly emarginate, the surface transversely convex with feeble
or no median carina and no lateral carinae, the disk passing jilmost
insensibly into the vertical lateral lobes; prozona about twice as long
as the metazona and less closely and less regularly punctate, the trans-
verse sulci as in Sinaloa. Prosternal spine erect, blunt, conical; inter-
val between mesosterual lobes at least as long as broad in the male, a
little transverse in the female, the metasternal lobes attingent or sub-
attingent in the male, approximate in the female. Tegmina shorter
than the pronotum, lateral, linear. Fore and middle femora distinctly
more gibbous in the male than in the female; hind femora rather short
NO. 1124. 7,'/:r/>70Y or THE MELAXOPLTSCUDDER. 37
and stout, the outer margin of the hind tibiae with nine or ten spines.
Extremity of abdomen bluntly rounded (whence the generic name), the
lateral margins of the subgenital plate straight from the very base, in
no way angulate on meeting apically, but protruding beyond the apex
of the supraanal plate by more than half the length of the latter; cerci
conical, acuminate, sometimes with an inferior median tooth; furcula
wholly wanting.
Three species occur in northern* Mexico and southern Texas.
C. bintrif/ata may be taken as the type. C. valya is somewhat aber-
rant, and should perhaps be separated generically.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CYCLOCERCUS.
A. 1 Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male nearly twice as long as broad;
anal cerci of male slender, simple.
b. 1 Hind femora relatively stout; upper surface of body with a distinct bright
stripe running from the upper margin of the eye backward over the region of the
lateral carinae on each side 1. bistrigata (p. 37).
I).- Hind femora relatively slender; upper surface of body with at most an obscure
stripe in the region specified 2. accola (p. 38).
A. 2 Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male subquadrate; cerci of male stout,
with an inferior median tooth 3. valga (p. 39).
i. CYCLOCERCUS BISTRIGATA, new species.
(Plate III, fig. 4.)
Dark almost blackish chocolate brown, striped with bright yellow
testaceous. Head testaceous, often clouded, occasionally mottled, with
fuscous, the summit to below the middle of the eyes posteriorly blackish
brown, with a narrow but widening testaceous stripe behind the upper
half of the eyes; lateral margins of the fasti gium, particularly between
the eyes, elevated to a rounded ridge, more prominent and rounded in
the male than in the female, reversely arcuate; frontal costa moderately
broad, subequal, sulcate (more deeply in the male than in the female),
above feebly punctate at the sides, occasionally obsolescent at base in
the female; lateral carinae of face distinct, slightly divergent; antennae
testaceous. Both prozona and metazoiia ruguloso-punctate in the
male, the prozona coarsely, bluntly and rather sparsely punctate in
the female; pronotum with the postocular testaceous stripe of the head
continued, in the male as a slender, sharply defined stripe across both
prozona and metazona, in the female as a slightly broader stripe across
or nearly across the prozona only, fading posteriorly and less sharply
defined above; episterna testaceous; meso- and metathorax and abdo-
men of male blackish above, with a broad mediodorsal testaceous stripe,
and testaceous below; of female more or less blackish along the middle
of the sides, sometimes margined above with a broad, posteriorly
evanescent, often broken, testaceous stripe, generally almost or quite
obsolete, the dorsum proper brown. Interval between the mesosternal
lobes of male nearly twice as long as broad. Tegmina slender, linear,
very slightly and regularly enlarging to the well rounded tip, about as
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
long as the prozona. Hind femora rather stout, olivaceo-ruddy brown,
sometimes fulvo- testaceous, the incisures of the outer face fuscous, the
apex more or less infuscated; hind tibiae glaucous, the apical half of
the spines black. Supraaual plate of male broadly triangular, with
slightly convex sides and roundly angulate apex, with a shallow basal
median sulcus, bordered by slightly elevated broad walls; furcula
wholly absent, the last dorsal segment emarginate in the middle; cerci
tapering rather rapidly iu the basal two-fifths, beyond very slightly
tapering, very slender, subacuminate, straight, reaching the top of the
supraaual plate.
Length of body, male 16 mm., female 19.5 mm.; antennae, male,
female, 8 mm.; teginina, male 3 mm., female 3.5 mm.; hind femora,
male, 11 mm., female 11.5 mm.
One male, 4 females. Venis Mecas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, June 6,
E. Palmer; Mt. Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E. Palmer; Sierra
Kola, Tamaulipas, Mexico, December 3-6, E. Palmer.
It is possible that the male, which comes from Yeuis Mecas, may be
distinct from the females, which come from all the localities; in that
case the name should be retained for the male as the most characteristic
form.
2. CYCLOCERCUS ACCOLA, new species.
(Plate III, fig. 5.)
With the same general color and markings as 0. bistrigata, but with-
out the distinct carinal stripe of that species. Head testaceous, black-
ish above, with a little of the postocular stripe in the female; fastigium
distinctly sulcate, broadening in front; interspace between the eyes
slightly narrower than in C. Mstrigata, the frontal and lateral costae
as there; antennae fusco- testaceous. Prozona with coarse dull punctu-
ation in the female, transversely ruguloso-punctate in the male, the
metazona in both closely punctate; posterior margin of prozoua faintly
emarginate, the sulcus dividing the lobes being slightly angulate;
dorsurn of pronotum darker or lighter testaceous, the lower portion of
the lateral lobes navo-testaceous, the upper portion blackish brown,
forming part of a broad, dark, arcuate belt, more sharply defined below
than above, which passes down over the mesothoracic epimera; abdo-
men testaceous, with a broad piceous lateral band on its proximal half.
Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male nearly twice as long as
broad. Teginina fusco- testaceous. Hind femora rather slender, fusco-
testaceous, yellowish on inner face, much infuscated and sometimes
strongly tinged with bluish green on outer face, the geniculation
wholly testaceous ; hind tibiae testaceous at extreme base, the remainder
bluish green, the spines pallid on basal, black on apical, half. Supra-
anal plate small, triangular, with roundly pointed apex, and a short
deep basal sulcus, bounded by high rounded walls; furcula wanting;
cerci small, slender, shorter than the supraanal plate, tapering gently
in basal half, beyond equal or subequal, very slender, blunt tipped,
straight.
NO. 1124.
REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCrDDER. 39
Length of body, male, 12.5 mm., female, 21 Dim.; antennae, male, G.5
mm., female, 7.5 mm.; tegiuina, male, 2 mm., female, 3.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 8 mm., female, 11.5 mm.
Two males, one female. Corpus Christ! Bay, Xueces County, Texas,
December 11-20, E. Palmer; Lerdo, Duraugo, Mexico, December (L.
Brunei 1 ).
3. CYCLOCERCtfS VALGA, new species.
(Plate III, fig. 6.)
Brownish testaceous with blackish and dull luteous markings. Head
dull luteo-testacoous, the whole summit of the head to below the middle
of the eyes posteriorly blackish, with a narrow and somewhat obscure
luteous stripe on either side, following the sides of the entire fastigium
around the eyes to the middle and then passing backward, continuing
across the prozona on the upper margin of the lateral lobes; fastigium
feebly sulcate between the eyes, which are separated by a narrow space,
much narrower than the rather broad and subequal frontal costa; this
becomes obsolescent below and is shallowly sulcate in the middle and
sparsely and feebly punctate throughout, like the rest of the face and
the genae ; antennae luteo-testaceous. Pronotuin with a broad blackish
fuscous dorsal stripe, crossing the whole prozona between the luteous
stripes mentioned, coarsely and feebly rugoso-punctate ; metazona finely
and closely rugoso-punctate, rufo-testaceous ; lateral lobes pallid lute-
ous below, crossed above by a very broad mixed luteo-castaneous and
blackish band, greatly broadening and weakening on the metazona,
where it becomes rufo-testaceous; episterna pale greenish luteous;
epiniera subpiceous. Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male
subquadrate. Tegmina dark fuscous with luteous veins, about as long
as the prozona, linear, slightly and regularly enlarging to the rounded
apex. Hind femora flavo-luteous like the under surface of the abdo-
men, pale rufo-testaceous above, the outer field with a bluish green
upper margin, the whole geniculation pale rufo-testaceous; hind tibiae
feebly incurved apically (whence the specific name), blue-green with
a testaceous base, the apical half of the spines black. Supraanal plate
of male shield-shaped, with strongly sinuous sides, much longer than
broad, with a rather narrow sulcus on the basal half, bounded by slight
ridges; furcula wanting and the last dorsal segment parted in the mid-
dle; cerci somewhat tumid and large at base, tapering rapidly in the
basal half, the apical half laminate, tapering, acuminate, with an inferior
dentation at its base.
Length of body, male, 18.5 mm. ; antennae, 8.5 mm. ; tegmina, 4 mm. ;
hind femora, 11.25 mm.
One male. Sierra Nola, Tainaulipas, Mexico, December 3-6, E.
Palmer.
This species differs widely from the two preceding.
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL M CSV I'M. VOL.XX.
11. SINALOA, new genus.
(Geographical name.)
Body shaped much as in Paraidemonct, male and female, briefly
pilose. Head a little prominent, the vertex well arched and the fas-
tigium rather rapidly descending, shallowly sulcate, the frontal costa
not very broad, about as broad as the interval between the eyes, sub-
equal, percurreut, sulcate; face but little retreating; eyes separated
by a tolerably narrow interval, narrower in male than female, rather
prominent in the male, considerably (female) or very much (male) longer
than the anterior infraocular portion of the geuae ; antennae moderately
stout, in the male much longer than the head and prouotum together.
Pronotum subequal in the male, but with slightly expanding front
margin and metazoua, distinctly enlarging posteriorly in the female,
both front and hind margin truncate, the latter feebly emarginate, with
slight percurreut median carina and no lateral carinae, the lateral lobes
vertical ; prozoua almost twice as long as, and less feebly punctate than,
the metazona, cut in the middle by a transverse sulcus, followed behind
by a sinuous or broadly W-shaped sulcus, both tolerably distinct.
Prosternal spine erect, conical, bluntly pointed; interval between meso-
sternal lobes feebly transverse in both sexes, the nietasternal lobes not
very close. Tegmiua brief, lobiform, lateral. Fore and middle femora
of male tumid; hind femora moderately long but stout, the spines of
the outer row of hind tibiae ten to eleven in number. Margin of
subgenital plate of male straight from the base, which is in no way
ampliate; cerci compressed laminate, subequal. slender; furcula con
sisting of a pair of parallel, attingent, slender, spine-like processes.
The only species known is from Mexico.
SINALOA BEHRENSII, new species.
(Plate III, fig. 7.)
Body fusco- testaceous above, flavo-testaceous beneath, the two colors
separated on the sides by a broad blackish-fuscous band, extending
from behind the eyes across the lateral lobes of the pronotum, subequal
and well defined throughout but, at least in the female, slightly enlarged
and a little obsolescent on the metazona, continued, at least in the male,
on the sides of the base of the abdomen. Head flavo-testaceous, with a
mediodorsal, widening, blackish fuscous or dull fuscous stripe from the
base of the fastigium backward, sometimes broken ; face with extremely
feeble signs of delicate puncta, no more abundant on the frontal costa
than elsewhere; antennae flavo-testaceous, growing iufuscated apically.
Pronotum with the metazona transversely and snbrugosely punctate,
especially in the male and on the lateral lobes, simply punctate on the
disk in the female, transversely striate in the region of the lateral
carinae on the prozona, the median carina sometimes blackish fuscous
in continuation of the stripe on the head. Teginina fusco- testaceous,
somewhat darkest on anterior half, hardly so long as the prozona,
NO. 1124.
REVISION OF THE MELANOPLLSCUDDER. 41
rounded acuminate at tip, fully twice as long as broad. Hind femora
flavo testaceous, the angulate incisures of the outer face rather broadly
fuscous ; hind tibiae flavous or flavo- testaceous, the spines black except-
ing their base. Supraanal plate of male short triangular, with feebly
convex sides, rectangulate apex, and with a pair of short, oblique, rather
prominent, rounded ridges before the middle of the basal half of either
side; furcula consisting of cylindrical, equal, blunt fingers fully a third
the length of the supraanal plate; cerci compressed laminate, rather
slender, narrowed in the middle by the arcuation of the upper margin,
bluntly rounded at tip, gently incurved throughout, and hardly so long
as the supraanal plate; apex of subgenital plate a little angulate,
extended no great distance beyond the supraanal plate.
Length of body, male, 16.5 mm., female, 25 mm.; antennae, male, 9.25
mm.; tegmina, male, 3 mm., female, 4 mm.; hind femora, male, 11 mm.,
female, 15 mm.
One male, 1 female. Sinaloa, Mexico, collected by Koels; received
from J. Behrens, of San Francisco, after whom it is named.
12. PARAIDEMONA,
(rcapa, beside; Aiclemona, a genus of Melanopli.)
Paraidemona BRUNNEK (pars), Re"v. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145.
Body compact, not slender, subcylindrical, a little compressed, slightly
enlarged at the metathorax, especially in the female, the abdomen of
the male feebly clepsydral, the apex tumescent and rounded, and some-
what recurved. Head not prominent, the vertex well rounded, the
eyes separated narrowly in the male, not widely in the female, rather
prominent, particularly in the male, and large, much larger than the
infraocular portion of the genae, subangulate above in the female;
antennae very much longer than head and pronotum together, especially
in the male. Pronotum truncate at both extremities, enlarging very
slightly posteriorly, more in the female than the male, with slight, per-
current, median carina, no lateral cariuae; prozona twice as long as
the metazona, both equally and somewhat similarly punctato rugulose,
the transverse sulci of the prozona lightly impressed, one of them
dividing the prozona in equal halves and percurrent. Prosternal spine
moderate, blunt, conical, erect; interval between mesosternal lobes of
male longer, sometimes much longer, than broad; of female (where
known) a little longer than broad; metasternal lobes narrowly attin-
gent. Apterous in both sexes. Fore and middle femora of male dis-
tinctly tumescent; hind femora not very long. Lateral margins of
subgenital plate straight from the base, which is not ampliate and is
concealed behind the preceding segment; cerci styliform, conical; fur-
cula consisting of a pair of parallel, attingent, cylindrical processes,
terminating bluntly.
As here restricted, Pczoiettix pnnctatus Stal is the type.
The genus is confined to Texas and northern Mexico, so far as known.
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PARAIDEMONA.
Supraanal plate of male, excepting the tip, subquadrate, the lateral margins rectau-
gulate 1. pujictata (p. 42).
Supraanal plate of male triangular with nearly straight sides 2. mimica (p. 43).
i. PARAIDEMONA PUNCTATA.
(Plate III, figs. 8, 9.)
Pezotettix punclatus STAL, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 11.
Pezotettix nudus SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), p. 77; Cent.
Orth. (1879), p. 66. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59.
Paraidemona punctata BRUNNER, Rev. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145.
Interspace between eyes as broad as (male) or rather broader than
(female) the first antenna! joint; frontal costa moderate, equal, flat
above, sulcate at, below, and to some extent a short distance above,
the ocellus. Pronotum expanding a very little posteriorly, mostly on
the posterior half, the front and hind margins truncate, the latter some-
times almost imperceptibly emarginate in the middle, especially in the
male, the lateral carinae wholly wanting; the whole pronotum is equally
subrugoso-punctate throughout, unless it be that the disk is coarser
than the deflected lobes; meso- and metanota, and the basal segments
of the abdomen similarly but more obscurely punctured. The general
color is a greenish yellow more or less tinged with brown, brighter in the
male than in the female, and marked with blackish fuscous; the darker
markings consist, principally, of a dorsal stripe, which either extends
over the pronotum as a broad equal band, often fainter in the middle,
with a triangular extension on the head, and sometimes a narrowing
infnscatioii on the meso- and metanota (male), or forms an obovate
patch along the middle of the anterior lobe of the prothorax, with the
same triangular extension on the head, and reappears sometimes on the
meso and metathorax, and always on the abdominal joints, as a series
of obliquely-descending, triangular, lateral patches, separated from one
another by a yellowish median line (female) ; also of a broad lateral band,
which extends from behind the eye backward, either to the hinder edge
of the prothorax, its upper margin straight, its lower arcuate (male), or
across the prozona only, occasionally in an obscure manner across the
metazona also, both margins arcuate (female); beyond this the lateral
band extends over the remainder of the thorax and over the abdomen,
often broken into spots on the latter, and always enlivened on the for-
mer by an oblique yellowish line, which crosses it on the metathoracic
episterna. The face partakes of the color of the under surface, as do the
bases of the antennae; beyond, the antennae become slightly rufous;
just behind its narrowest point the vertex has a transverse blackish
line, Hind femora greenish yellow, the lower portion of their outer
face more or less embrowned, deepening frequently into black, which
occasionally covers the whole; hind tibiae pale green, the spines black
tipped. Subgenital plate of male twice as broad as long, tumid, the
upper edge a little and angularly produced in the middle; supraanal
NO. 1124. RETISIOX OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 43
plate nearly quadrate, tapering very slightly, the outer angles slightly
produced, and the posterior edge with a median, triangular, pointed
extension, a third as wide as the extremity of the plate and longer
than broad; furcula consisting of a pair of attingent, depressed, rather
stout, scarcely tapering, blunt-tipped fingers, fully half as long as the
suprannal plate and slightly upturned at the tip ; anal cerci very simple,
being slight conical projections^ tapering mostly in their basal half, the
tip blunt, the whole not so long as the disk of the supraanal plate,
omitting its apical extension.
Length of body, male, 16.5 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, male,
female, 8 mm. ; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 12.25 mm.
Thirteen males, 21 females. Dallas, Texas, J. Boll; Texas, June 13,
28, 29, July 5, August 3, Belfrage (U.S.N.M., Kiley collection); Oar-
rizo Springs, Dimmit County, Texas, A. Wadgymar, August 28 (the
same); Goliad, Texas, December 3, E. Palmer; Corpus Christi Bay,
^ueces County, Texas, December 11-20, E. Palmer. Stal's specimens
came from Texas.
2. PARAIDEMONA MIMICA, new species.
(Plate III, fig. 10.)
Yellowish testaceous, heavily banded with black, especially on the
sides, and more markedly in the male than the female. Head with
the interspace between the eyes very narrow, especially in the male,
the fastigium between them sulcate, narrowly in the male, the sulcation
continuing so as to be subcontinuous with that of the frontal costa,
which is sulcate in its whole extent, equal, and broader than the inter-
space between the eyes. Prouotum punctate as in P. punctata, and as
there a glabrous spot free of punctuation occurs on the prozoua at the
summit of the lateral lobes. A black stripe, sometimes wanting or
feebly fuscous in the female, begins at some point on the fastigium and
continues backward, broadening on the head so as to include nearly
the entire vertex, and crosses the pronotuni as a broad mediodorsal
band, as broad as the length of the metazona, or in the female even
broader; it is sometimes obscure or wholly obsolete in the female, while
in the male it is always distinct, at least on the prozona, and generally
continues, though narrowed, over the rneso- and metanota. The lat-
eral band, generally rnfo-piceous, is still broader and is sharply defined
above and below, often uninterrupted on the metazona in the female,
where it widens so as to include behind the whole of the thoracic pleura
(excepting the episterna) and the sides of the first four abdominal seg-
ments; above it is more or less distinctly accompanied in the female by
a testaceous stripe. The dorsum of the abdomen of the female lacks
the double series of oblique lateral dashes found in P. punctata, or has
them very feebly marked. Hind femora yellowish testaceous, the outer
face growing darker below, giving there a broken irregular blackish
stripe ; hind tibiae glaucous, the pallid spines black tipped. Supraaual
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
plate of male triangular, with the lateral margins slightly convex in
the middle (scarcely shown in the figure), with a pair of slightly dis-
tant, short, longitudinal, subapical ridges; furcula consisting of a pair
of attingent, depressed, equal, parallel, blunt tipped fingers, less than
a third as long as the supra-anal plate; cerci simple, conical, pointed,
hardly half as long as the supraanal plate.
Length of body, male, 13 mm., female, 20 mm.; antennae, male and
female, 7 mm.; hind femora, male, 9 mm., female, 10.5 mm.
Four males, 5 females. Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas, May,
([No. 705] U.S.N.M , Eiley collection); Columbus, Colorado County,
Texas, June 21 (the same); southwest Texas, Schaupp (L. Bruner);
Uvalde, Texas, last week of July, E. Palmer.
This species resembles P. punctata to such a degree as with difficulty
to be distinguished from it, except by the abdominal appendages of the
male, which are remarkably distinct. There is no sign in the female of
the dark mediodorsal fusiform patch on the prouotuni, and the coloring
of the female in both species is very variable.
There are two other forms of Paraidemona known to me, which I
deem probably distinct from either of the above, but being known
only by the female, I only allude to them. Both have relatively heavy
hind femora.
One is almost wholly olivaceous, the abdominal carina marked with
yellow, and with yellow shades upon the sides of the dorsum of the
thorax; it comes from Carrizo Springs, Texas (U.S.N.M.).
The other is almost wholly yellowish testaceous, with no dorsal stripe
and relatively feeble and fleeting lateral stripes; it comes from Dallas,
Texas (U.S.X.M.), and Venis Mecas, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, January
6, E. Palmer.
13. AIDEMONA.
(aidijfj-oar, modest.)
Aidemona BRUNXER, R6v. Syst. Orth., 1893, p. 145.
Body compact, moderately slender, parallel sided but enlarged at the
mesothorax. Head not prominent, the vertex well rounded, rising
above the level of the prouotum, the space between the eyes narrow
but not very narrow, the face broadly rounded and a little retreating;
frontal costa a little prominent above, broad, much broader than the
interspace between the eyes, plane, percurrent, subequal, and heavily
punctate; eyes moderately prominent but little more so In the male
than in the female, rather large, broad ovate, much larger than the
subocular portion of the genae; antennae slender, rather shorter than
the head and pronotum together. Pronotum scarcely enlarging poste-
riorly, transversely quadrate, the dorsum plane or very feebly convex,
with the lateral lobes set sharply at right angles to it, but otherwise
with no raised lateral cariuae, a feeble median carina on metazona only,
X0 .H24. EEVISION OF THE MEL AXOPLISC UDDER. 45
the front margiu truncate, the hind margin subrectangulate; prozona
and metazona of subequal length, the sulcus separating them distinct
but not deep, suddenly augulatc in the middle by the emargination of
the prozona, tbe posterior sulcus of the prozona arcuate or angulate so
as to approach it in the middle, the middle sulcus subparallel to this
but more nearly transverse and crossing the middle of the prozona, the
front of the prozona in no w$iy elevated to receive the head. Pro-
sternal spine quadrate, appressed," broadly truncate; interspace between
mesosternal lobes subquadrate, a little longer than broad in the male,
the reverse in the female, the metasternal lobes attingent over some
space (male) or approximate (female). Tegmiua and wings fully devel-
oped, the former with scarcely any ampliation of the costa near the
base. Fore and middle femora but little more gibbous in the male
than m the female; hind femora not very long, the hind tibiae with ten
spines on the outer side. Margin of subgenital plate of male straight
from the base, which is not ampliate, a little elevated at the apex;
cerci styliform, about as long as the supraanal plate, the furcula nearly
obsolete.
The genus is confined so far as known to Mexico and Central America.
AIDEMONA AZTECA.
(Plate I V, fig. 1.)
Platyphyma azteca SAUSSURE, Eev. Mag. Zool., 1861 (1861), p. 161; Ortk. Xov.
Amer., II (1861), p. 12. WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870),
p. 716. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 223.
Pczotettix aztecus STAL, Bib. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V (1878), No. 9, p. 10.
Aidemona azteca BRUNNER, Rev. Syst. Ortli. (1893) p. 145.
Brownish fuscous above, sometimes deepening to blackish fuscous,
especially on the upper half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, testa-
ceous below, often deeply infuscated. Head mostly testaceous, heavily
punctate throughout excepting on the vertex, where the puncta are
obscure and subdued, and where the color is dark; fastigiuin with more
or less elevated but rounded lateral walls; frontal costa slightly
widened just above the ocellus; antennae testaceous, more or less
infuscated, especially toward apex. Pronotum heavily and almost
equally punctate throughout, both on dorsum and lateral lobes, but less
crowded on the posterior half of the lateral lobes of the prozona, and
with a small, free, glabrous patch above on either half of the prozona;
lower half of the lateral lobes testaceous, in greater or less contrast to
the blackish upper half, the darker portion widening on the metazona;
but while this feature is sometimes very marked, in specimens in which
the testaceous under surface becomes flavous, it is sometimes scarcely
to be detected, so infuscated may the lower half become. Tegmina
far surpassing the abdomen, rather slender, well rounded apically,
griseous from a profuse and rather minute fuscous flecking on a semi-
pellucid base, the flecking more or less confluent in the basal third;
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
wings pellucid, feebly infuscated apically, the veins and cross veins
blackish fuscous. Hind femora very variable, the outer face varying
from olivaceo-testaceous with fuscous incisures to dark almost blackish
fuscous, the most distinctly marked specimens with the base broadly
and obliquely yellowish testaceous, and a middle oblique band of no
great width of the same color; inner side red; hind tibiae obscure
glaucous, becoming luteous toward the base, rather densely pilose, the
spines black-tipped. Supraanal plate of male triangular, rather small,
tectate especially apically, with a narrow basal median sulcus, bounded
by high and heavy walls, which do not extend over half the plate;
furcula composed of a pair of very small, rounded, attingent lobes,
barely projecting beyond the edge of the last dorsal segment; cerci
about as long as the supraanal plate, slender, tapering throughout
but slightly more in the basal than the apical half, feebly compressed,
acuminate, feebly incurved in the apical half; infracercal plates brief,
concealed.
Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 21 mm. ; antennae, male, 5.5
mm., female, 6 mm. ; tegmina, male, 14 mm., female, 18 mm. ; hind
femora, male, 10 mm., female, 11.75 mm.
Forty-one males, 35 females. Mexico, Sumichrast; Mexico, April,
Botteri; Orizaba, Mexico, January (L.Bruner); Veins Mecas, San Luis
Potosi, Mexico, January 6, E. Palmer; San Luis Potosi and Savinito,
San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E. Palmer ; Aguas Calientes, Mexico, L. Bruner ;
Tehuau tepee, Mexico, February , Sumichrast; Eealejo, Nicaragua, April,
McNeil.
Specimens in my collection, poorly preserved, seem to indicate the
presence of two other species of this genus in Mexico, one at Vera Cruz,
the other at Tehuan tepee.
14. HYPOCHLORA.
(v7tox\K)po?, greenish yellow.)
Hypochlora BRUNNER (pars), Rev. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145.
Body slender, compressed, very thinly pilose. Head not prominent,
the summit gently arched, the fastigiuni descending with moderate
rapidity, the face- re treating considerably; interspace between the eyes
broad, the fastigium scarcely sulcate, the frontal costa rather narrow,
not nearly so broad as the space between the eyes, sulcate, percurrent,
and subequal; eyes moderate in size, not very prominent, similar in the
two sexes, about half as long again as broad, and distinctly longer than
the anterior infraocular portion of the genae; antennae moderately
stout, somewhat longer (male) or a little shorter (female) than the head
and pronotum together. Pronotum subequal, even in the female, very
feebly and gradually enlarging in passing backward, with a distinct
percurrent median carina, the disk very broadly subtectate, passing by
a rounded angle hardly forming a lateral carina into the vertical lateral
NO. 1124.
REVISION OF THE M KLAXol'IJ SC UDDER. 47
lobes, the front margin subtruncate, the hind margin very obtusely
angulate, the very coarsely, feebly, and sparsely punctate prozona half
as long again as the finely and suddenly punctate metazona, its poste-
rior margin faintly angularly emarginate, the transverse sulci feeble,
one dividing it into two equal halves and straight, the other a third
the way behind it to the metazona and sinuate. Prosternal spine erect,
moderately slender, conical; Interspace between inesosternal lobes
more than twice as long (male), or nearly half as long again (female) as
its middle breadth, the shape being strongly clepsydral from the con-
vexity of the inner margin of the lobes, the metasternal lobes subat-
tingent, especially in the male. Tegmiua abbreviate, acuminate, attin-
gent or overlapping, about as long as the pronotum. Fore and middle
femora slightly tumid in the male; hind femora slender, somewhat
compressed, the lower genicular lobe not free from markings, the hind
tibiae with nine to ten spines in the outer series. Abdomen of male
not clavate nor curved upward apically, the lateral margins of the sub-
genital plate straight from the very base, acutaugulate at tip, with a
slight, blunt, apical tubercle; cerci very slender and simple; furcula
consisting of a pair of slight cylindrical slender fingers, subparallel or
more or less crossing one another, perhaps parallel in life.
This genus was established by Brunner upon three species, one of
which must be referred to Hesperotettix, since the lateral margins of
the subgenital plate are clearly ampliate at the base; while another has
here been placed in a near and neighboring genus, Campy lacanthaj
leaving H. alba as the type and at present the only known member of
the genus. It is found in our Western States only, east of the Rocky
Mountains, and from Nebraska southward.
HYPOCHLORA ALBA.
(Plate IV,. fig. 2.)
Pezotettix alba DODGE!, Can. Ent., VIII (1876), p. 10. BRUNER!, ibid., IX (1877),
p. 144. THOMAS, Ann. Rep. Chief Eug., 1878, 1845 (1878). BRUNER!, Rep.
U. S. Ent. Conim., Ill (1883), p. 59; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric.,
IV (1884), p. 58. RILEY, Stand. Nat. Hist., II (1884), pp. 201-202. BRUNER!,
Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 136; Rep. U. S. Ent., 1885 (1886), p. 307.
OSBORN, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sc., I, Pt. n (1892), p. 117. BRUNER!, Publ. Nebr.
Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 27.
Hypoclilora alba BRUNNER, Re>. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145.
Pale yellowish green with very feeble markings. Head pale yellowish
green, often more or less grayish and punctate or irrorate with pale
ferruginous, and sometimes with a feeble inconspicuous pallid stripe
from the upper margin of the eye backward; antennae pale luteous at
base becoming ferruginous and at tip sometimes infuscated. Prono-
tum pale yellowish green, sometimes grayish, rarely brighter green,
not infrequently sprinkled with ferruginous dots, the position of the
lateral carinae in best-marked specimens marked with an inconspicuous
pale yellow stripe, sometimes very inconspicuous, deepening in color
48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
from above downward ; the lower half of the lateral lobes rather lighter
colored than the disk of the pronotuin. Tegmina pale grass green.
Fore and middle legs greenish yellow; hind femora pale yellowish
green, sometimes a little iufuscated especially above, occasionally
sprinkled sparsely with ferruginous dots; hind tibiae very pale faintly
bluish green , the spines with only their extreme tips brownish or black-
ish. Supraanal plate of male pretty regularly triangular with subacu-
minate apex, the surface tectate and the mesial ridge divided in two by
a narrow percurrent sulcus, deep on the basal half of the plate; fur-
cula composed of a pair of adjacent, straight and very slender, cylin-
drical, bluntly acuminate processes, several times longer than broad;
cerci very delicate, tapering on the basal half, beyond very slender,
equal, compressed, cylindrical, apically bluntly subacuminate, the
apical half considerably and gradually incurved; infracercal plates
narrow, laterally arcuate, a little shorter than the supraanal plate,
concealed by the recumbent cerci.
Length of body, male, 14.5 mm., female, 21.5 mm. ; antennae, male,
7 mm., female, 6.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 4.5 mm., female, 5.4 mm.; hind
femora, male, 9.5 mm., female, 12 mm.
Thirteen males, 23 females. Bismarck, Burleigh County, North
Dakota, August 9 (L. Bruner) ; Fort Robinson, Dawes County, Nebraska,
August 21-22, L. Bruner (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Nebraska, G.
M. Dodge (S. H. Scudder; S. Henshaw; U.S.N.M. [No. 706] Riley
collection); Gordon, Sheridan County, Nebraska, L. Bruner (U.S.N.M.
Riley collection); Valentine, Cherry County, Nebraska, L. Bruuer (the
same); Finney County, Kansas, September, H. W. Menke (University
of Kansas); between Smoky Hill, Kansas, and Denver, Colorado,
L. Agassiz (Mus. Coinp. Zool.); Colorado, 5500 feet, Morrison: Pueblo,
Colorado, 4700 feet, August 30-31.
The species was originally described from Glencoe, Dodge County,
Nebraska. It has since been reported from Manitoba, Minnesota,
Dakota, Montana, and from Fort McKinney, Johnson County, Wyo-
ming, and Kansas by Bruner, from Iowa by Osborn, and Colorado by
Thomas. "Here in Nebraska," says Bruner, "it is one of our common-
est species, when one knows where to look for it." It feeds, according
to the same writer, on what is called in the West " white sage," Arte-
misia ludoviciana, with which its colors closely correspond.
15. CAMPYLACANTHA, new genus.
?, bent (backward); anavfja, (prosternal) spine.)
Hypochlora BRUNNER (pars), R6v. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145.
Body somewhat compressed, rather densely pilose. Head rather
prominent, especially in the male, the genae being rather tumid and
the summit strongly arched and distinctly elevated above the level of
the pronotum, the fastigium descending rapidly, but the face moder-
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER. 49
ately retreating; interspace between the eyes rather broad (male) or
broad (female), the fastigiuin feebly if at all silicate, the frontal costa
distinctly broadest between the antennae, where it is nearly as wide as
(male) or still much narrower than (female) the interspace between the
eyes, percurrent, sulcate at least below the ocellus; eyes not very
prominent nor very large, longer in proportion to breadth in the female
than in the male, and yet in the female hardly, in the male distinctly,
longer than the anterior infraocular portion of the genae; antennae
rather coarse, more than half as long as the body in the male, distinctly
longer than head and pronotuin together in the female. Pronotum sub-
equal (male) or distinctly and very gradually broadening posteriorly
(female), with a rather slight median carina, sometimes interrupted
between the sulci, the disk very broadly subtectate, passing by a rounded
angle, without forming lateral cariuae, into the vertical (female) or sub-
vertical (male) lateral lobes, the front margin subtiuncate, in no way
flaring, the hind margin obtusely angulate, the impunctate or very fee-
bly rugulose prozona nearly or quite half as long again as the punctate
or distinctly rugulose inetazoua, its transverse sulci moderately dis-
tinct, that in the middle straight, and followed a third of the way to
the metazona by a similar but arcuate sulcus. Prosternal spine blunt
conico- cylindrical, more or less retrorse; interspace between mesoster-
nal lobes nearly twice as long (male) or half as long again (female) as
broad, the inner margins of the lobes nearly straight; metasternal
lobes attiugent (male) or subattingeut (female). Tegmina abbreviated,
generally but not always a little longer than the pronotuin, rounded or
subacuminate at tip, their inner margins overlapping or separated.
Fore and middle femora distinctly gibbous in the male; hind femora
variable, as also the coloring of the inferior genicular lobe; hind tibiae
with nine to ten, generally nine, spines in the outer series. Abdomen
of male very feebly clavate, very feebly upturned, the lateral margins
of the subgenital plate not ampliate at the base, the apex bluntly
angulate at tip, with a distinct but not very large tubercle, extending
beyond the inner side of the apical margin ; furcula consisting of a pair
of slight, rounded, feebly projecting lobes.
This genus is closely allied to Hypocklora, but is composed of gener-
ally stouter forms, in which the antennae are longer, the pronotuin is
usually rugulose rather than punctate, and the males of which have
more tumid anterior femora, besides the differences pointed out in our
table of genera.
C. acutipennis may be taken as the type.
The genus occurs only in the West, where it ranges east of the Rocky
Mountains from Nebraska to Texas, and occurs again in Durango,
Mexico.
Proc. X. M. vol. xx 4
50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CAMPYLACANTHA.
A 1 . Distal half of anal cerci of male less than half as broad as the extreme base.
b l . Hind femora relatively slender, the greatest breadth in the male being no
greater than the length of the prozona.
c 1 . General colors griseous, with a slight greenish tinge; hind tibiae livid, finely
flecked with griseous 1. acutipennis (p. 50).
c 2 . General colors olivaceous; hind tibiae yellowish green 2. olivacea (p. 51).
& 2 . Hind femora relatively stout, the greatest breadth in the male being a little
greater than the length of the prozona; hind tibiae bluish green, lutescent apic-
ally 3. similis (p. 52).
A 2 . Distal half of anal cerci of male more than half as broad as the extreme base.
4. rivax (p. 52).
i. CAMPYLACANTHA ACUTIPENNIS.
(Plate IV, fig. 3.)
Pezotettix acutipennis SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII (1875), p. 472;
Ent. Notes, IV (1875), p. 71; Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 16. BRUNER, Rep. U. S.
Ent. Cornm., Ill (1883), p. 58; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 136.
Hypochlora acutipennis BRUNNEK, Rev. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145.
Brownish fuscous with a dull olivaceous tinge, giving a griseous
aspect ; excepting the abdomen pilose throughout. Head mottled irreg-
ularly with darker and lighter shades, a dark triangular spot in the
middle of the posterior part of the summit, and generally an obscure
dark band passing backward from the hinder edge of the eyes and
crossing a portion of the sides of the pronotum ; antennae pale yellow-
ish, infuscated at extreme tip, Prouoturn delicately rugulose, the
median cariua distinct, the dorsum more distinctly tectate in the female
than in the male. Tegrnina less than half as long as the body, but
longer than the pronotum, tapering to a blunt point, dark brown, the
veins and cross veins generally paler and olivaceous. Legs dusky, the
middle femora blackish externally; hind femora more or less indis-
tinctly trifasciate with blackish; hind tibiae livid, mottled minutely
and profusely with brown, the apical half of the spines black. Supra-
anal plate of male triangular with nearly straight sides, acutangulate
at tip, the apex blunt, the basal half with a deep sulcus between
slightly converging elevated ridges, the apical half more or less
depressed, but showing faint signs of the continuation of the median
sulcus; furcula consisting of a pair of slight, rounded, adjacent lobes,
projecting very slightly; cerci straight, slender, and short, scarcely
reaching the tip of the supraanal plate, nearly straight on the inferior
margin, above narrowing rapidly in basal, gradually in apical, half,
again more rapidly at extreme tip, the apex bluntly acuminate; infra-
cereal plates broad at base, regularly tapering, with nearly straight
outer margin, failing to attain the tip of the supraanal plate, visible
outside the recumbent cerci.
Length of body, male, 20.5 mm., female, 24.5 mm.; antennae, male,
female, 10.5 mm.; tegmina, male, female, 8 mm.; hind femora, male, 13
mm., female, 15 mm.
HO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MEL ANOPLI SC UDDER. 51
Eight males, 4 females. Texas, Belfrage (U.S.N.M. Kiley collection) ;
Texas, Liucecum ; Dallas, Texas, J. Boll ; Bosque County, Texas, G. W.
Belfrage; Fort Wortli, Tarrant County, Texas, May (U.S.N.M. Eiley
collection) ; San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas (L. Bruiier). It is also
reported from McPherson, Labette, Shawnee, and Barber counties,
Kansas, by Bruner. Boll tookthe species in September and October
in woods, on plants and bushes; Belfrage in October on prairies.
2. CAMPYLACANTHA OLIVACEA.
(Plate IV, fig. 4.)
Pezotettix olivacens SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII (1875), p. 472;
Ent. Notes, IV (1875), p. 71; Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 16. BRUNEI*, Rep. U. S.
Ent. Comin., Ill (1883), p. 58; Ins. Life, III (1891), p. 229; Bull. Div. Ent.,
U. S. Dep. Agric., XXIII (1891), p. 14; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 27.
Bright olivaceous green, occasionally somewhat iufuscated and so
approaching in appearance C. acutipennis. Summit of head with a dark-
green median stripe, broadening posteriorly, sometimes including a
median yellowish thread; sides of head and sometimes the front tinged
with yellow; antennae green at base, beyond orange, infuscated at the
extreme tip. Pronotum covered rather profusely with short longitudi-
nal dashes of lemon yellow, rather irregularly distributed but distinctly
marking the median cariua, excepting at its posterior extremity, and
also the two extremities, rarely the whole, of the lateral carinae. Teg-
rnina green, generally half the length of the abdomen, occasionally but
little longer than the pronotum, rarely half as long again. Legs stout,
yellowish green, the fore and middle femora more or less tinged with
dull orange; outside of hind femora slightly infuscated, thetibial spines
black-tipped. Supraanal plate of male and furcula wholly similar to
the same parts in C. acutipennis; cerci straight and slender, shorter
than the supraanal plate, usually partially erect, at least in cabinet
specimens, the basal half tapering, the apical less than half as broad,
equal, the tip rounded but a little produced below, the outer surface
slightly sulcate on the apical half; infracercal plates as in C. acutipennis.
Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 29 mm. ; antennae, male and
female, 10.5 inm. ; tegmina, male, 8.5 mm., female, 13.5 mm. ; hind femora,
male, 13.5 mm., female, 17.5 mm.
Twenty males, 20 females. Lincoln, Nebraska (L. Bruner); Douglas
County, Kansas, 900 feet, September (University of Kansas); Texas,
September 14, Belfrage ; Bosque County, Texas, October 24-27, Belfrage ;
Dallas, Texas, September 9, J. Boll; Fort Worth, Tarraut County, Texas,
May (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection). Frequently found sitting on fences
in the autumn, according to Belfrage.
This species very closely resembles the preceding, and may perhaps
yet be proved but a dimorphic form of the same; it appears to be com-
moner and to have a wider range. Bruner states that he has seen it
52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
u in beet fields several times under such circumstances as led [him] to
think it feeds upon that plant. It is also quite partial to Helianthus
and Cheiiopodiuin."
3. CAMPYLACANTHA SIMILIS, new species.
(Plate IV 7 fig. 5.)
Bark bluish green, more or less iufuscated and enlivened by various
shades of green. A broad, longitudinal, sordid yellow stripe behind the
upper half of the eyes, beginning at their nearest approximation, leaves
on the top of the head a broad, equal, dark bluish green dorsal stripe;
the genae are more or less mottled with olivaceous and the antennae are
ferruginous, deeply infuscated. Pronotum more or less deeply tinged
with dark olivaceous, the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozomi
alone pure bluish green, though the dorsuin of the metazona approaches
it. Tegmina dull green, infuscated basally, nearly or quite half as long
as the abdomen, subacumiuate. Fore and middle femora dull ferru-
ginous, apically dark olivaceous; hind femora stouter than in the two
preceding species, bluish green on the outer face, slightly infuscated at
the incisures, greenish fuscous above feebly bifasciate with fuscous,
flavo-luteous below and within, and with a feeble and broken testa-
ceous pregenicular annulus; hind tibiae pale bluish green, deepest at
base, followed by a dull luteous annulus and becoming lutescent api-
cally, the spines tipped with black. Supraanal plate of male similar to
that of the two preceding species, but flatter, with lower ridges; furcula
as there; cerci almost as long as the supraanal plate, tapering very
rapidly in the basal third, beyond slender, less than half as broad as
the base, subequal, expanding feebly beyond the middle and then
tapering again, the lower portion of the tip very slightly produced and
very feebly curved downward; infracercal plates much as in the preced-
ing species or perhaps broader basally.
Length of body, male, 23.5 mm., female, 35 mm.; antennae, male,
female, 10.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 9 mm., female, 11.5 mm.; hind femora,
male, 13.5 mm., female, 17.5 mm.
One male, 1 female. Lerdo, Durango, Mexico, November (L. Bruner).
This species, though closely allied to the preceding, is distinguish-
able from it not only by its colors, but by the greater stoutness of the
hind femora, more easily recognized than described.
4. CAMPYLACANTHA VIVAX.
(Plate IV, fig. 6.)
Pezotettix rivax SCUDDER \, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. W. 100th mer. 1876 (1876), p. 284 ;
Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876 (1876), p. 504. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Coimn.,
Ill (1883), p. 59.
Head large, prominent, yellowish green, mottled with brown, which
on the summit forms a very broad longitudinal stripe; vertex between
the eyes as broad as the frontal costa, the fastigium slightly sulcate;
NO. 1121. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER. 53
frontal costa equal, rather deeply sulcate below the ocellus; antermae
light brown, the basal joint unusually small. Pronotum small, equal,
compressed, the dorsum flat, the whole so much smaller than the head
as to give the insect a strangulated appearance, brownish green, mot-
tled with darker and lighter markings, the lateral carinae with a yel-
lowish stripe and the latera} lobes with a similar oblique stripe
descending to the lower anterior angle; the metazona is profusely
punctate, the transverse sulci deeply impressed, the median carinae
obsolescent, the lateral carinae wholly obtuse, the posterior margin
very obtusely angulate. Prosternal spine not very stout, cylindrical,
very bluntly tipped, inclined rather strongly backward. Tegmina
about as long as the pronotum, slender, short, lanceolate; wings rudi-
mentary. Hind femora slender, yellow, tinged on the upper half with
brownish, and obscurely, narrowly and transversely bifasciate above
with the same; hind tibiae glaucous (!), the spines reddish, tipped with
black; aroliuin extremely large. Abdomen yellowish, tinged above
with greenish brown, the last segment of the male scarcely upturned.
Supraanal plate of male broad triangular, with a deep percurreut
median sulcus, the margins of which are strongly elevated in the basal
half, gently elevated in the apical half, the apex slightly less than rec-
tangulate, blunt; furcula consisting of a pair of minute, rounded,
slightly projecting, adjacent lobes; cerci compressed laminate, scarcely
reaching the tip of the supraanal plate, gently incurved, tapering on
the basal half, scarcely enlarging beyond, where it is more than half as
broad as at the base, the tip broadly rounded, but slightly produced
below.
Length of body, male, 18.5 mm.; antennae, 9.5 mm.; tegmina, 4.15
mm.; hind femora, 9 mm.
One male. Plains of northern New Mexico, eastern slope, October
14-31, Lieutenant W. L. Carpenter.
16. EOTETTIX, new genus.
(7)0??, dawn, i.e. eastern; rerrt^, grasshopper.)
Body slender, elongate, feebly compressed, with very sparse pilosity.
Head relatively large and rather prominent but short, apart from the
prominent eyes almost broader than the pronotum, the face not very
oblique, the genae not tumescent, all the carinae prominent; vertex
faintly arched, not raised above the pronotum; fastigium rather nar-
row but greatly broadening anteriorly, very little declivent, shallowly
sulcate; frontal costa about as broad as the interspace between the
eyes, broadening above, the- margins distinctly elevated throughout;
eyes large and very prominent, rather broad oval, about half as long
again as broad, separated above by a moderate interval; antennae
slender, slightly depressed. Prouotum moderately long, equal, com-
pressed, with rounded subtectate but otherwise plane disk, the median
54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
carina sharp, equal and percurrent, the lateral carinae distinct but con-
fined to the anterior lobe of the prozona, and somewhat approximated,
the two sections of the prozona independently and rather abruptly
tumid on the upper part of the lateral lobes, the transverse sulci of
the prozona obscure but straight, the front margin truncate, the hind
margin produced but obtusangulate. Prosternal spine sharply acumi-
nate; meso- and metastethia together much longer than broad; the
mesosternal lobes approximate in the male, the metasternal attingent.
Tegmina abbreviate, broad lanceolate, acuminate, attingent. Hind
femora not very long, the lower genicular lobe pallid except for a nar-
row, basal, transverse, fuscous streak; hind tibiae with 12 spines in
the outer series. Abdomen of male compressed, the subgenital plate
equal, its middle with a pronounced, backward directed, apical tubercle,
the lateral margins basally ainpliate; furcula distinctly developed;
cerci styliform, straight, acuminate.
A single species is known, from Florida.
EOTETTIX SIGNATUS, new species.
(Plate IV, fig. 7.)
Pezotettix signata MCNEILL!, MS.
Of medium size, glistening flavo-testaceous. Head prominent, light
fusco-olivaceous, above broadly infuscated along the middle line and
with a narrow piceous postocular stripe, bordered by flavous; vertex
feebly tumid, not rising above the level of the pronotuin, the interspace
between the eyes fully half as broad again as the first antennal joint;
fastigium almost twice as broad anteriorly as posteriorly, little decli-
vent, broadly and shallowly sulcate; frontal costa distinctly percur-
rent, equal below the ocellus, distinctly broader above it, so as to be as
broad there as the interspace between the eyes, the lateral borders ele-
vated throughout but rounded and not acute, densely punctate through-
out; lateral carinae of face prominent; eyes large, very prominent,
nearly half as long again as the infraocular portion of the genae;
antennae luteous. Pronotum equal, in no way flaring on the metazona,
the lateral lobes with a not very broad, percurreut, glistening, blackish
fuscous, postocular stripe, directly beneath which the lateral lobes are
more brightly colored than below; disk broadly convex, passing into
the vertical lateral lobes almost insensibly, except on the anterior sec-
tion of the prozona, where there are distinct lateral cariuae, which are
separated from each other by only about three- fourths the entire width
of the prozona; median carina sharp, percurrent, equal, but on the
metazona diminishing posteriorly; front margin truncate, hind margin
bluntly obtusangulate; prozona distinctly longitudinal, sparsely punc-
tate, nearly half as long again as the rather closely and finely punctate
metazona. Prosternal spine small and rather short, acutely conical;
interspace between mesosternal lobes very narrow, much more than
ico. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCUDDER. 55
twice as long as broad; metasternal lobes broadly attingent. Tegmina
scarcely longer than the pronotuin, broad lanceolate, acuminate, with
strongly convex costal margin, pale testaceous. Fore and middle femora
very tumid in the male; hind femora uniform navo-testaceous, with no
markings except a feeble and narrow, transverse, fuscous stripe at the
base of the geuiculation, and $ fuscous upper edging to the genicular
arc; hind tibiae very pale red or pink, the spines pallid on the basal,
black on the apical half, 12 in number in the outer series. Extremity
of male abdomen feebly clavate, scarcely recurved, the supraaual plate
triangular, tectate, rising to a pair of high but rounded converging
ridges, inclosing between them the deep triangular sulcus, which crosses
the basal half of the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of stout and
coarse, subparallel, rather distant, subequal, blunt projections, a little
longer than broad and than the last dorsal segment; cerci slender, deli-
cate, conical, straight, finely acuminate, about as long as the supraanal
plate; subgenital plate rather small, considerably longer than broad,
equal, terminating in a backward-directed, bluntly rounded tubercle,
seated on the middle of the apical portion of the plate, the apical and
lateral margins in the same plane, the former well rounded, entire.
Length of body, male, 19 mm.; tegmina, 6.U5 mm.; hind femora,
13.5 mm.
One male. East Florida, William H. Ashmead ( J. McXeill).
17. HESPEROTETTIX.
(f'tiTtspo?, western; rem^, grasshopper.)
Hesperotettix SCUDDER, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1875), p. 262.
Body almost parallel-sided, very little enlarged at the metathorax,
more or less but not greatly compressed, more so in the male than in
the female. Head not very prominent; vertex usually very narrow
between the eyes, with a slight depression or sulcation between;
fastigiuin broadening in front of it, declivent, with a median depression
or longitudinal sulcatiou, sometimes distinct, sometimes obscure, the
sides rounded; front straight, somewhat oblique, the frontal costa
equal, only slightly contracted at the extreme summit, generally as
broad as if not broader than the interval between the eyes, sulcate
throughout; antennae slightly (female) or considerably (male) longer
than the head and pronotuin together; eyes slightly prominent, a little
more so in the male than in the female, rather long oval, much longer
than the infraocular portion of the geuae. Pronotuin long and slender,
the dorsum fully half as long again as broad, the prozona the longer,
sometimes half as long again as the metazona, with less distinction in
surface and sculpture between them than common, alike broadly tecti-
form, the median cariua slight but alike or nearly alike in both, the
descending lateral lobes separated by no angle or ruga; posterior mar-
gin very obtusely angulate, the angle rounded, the border delicately
margined. Prosterual spine rather long, bluntly conical; meso- and
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
metastetliia together much longer than broad; interspace between
mesosternal lobes generally twice as long as broad in the male, almost
equally narrow or subquadrate in the female, the metasternal lobes
subattingent in both sexes. Tegmina and wings always present, gen-
erally fully developed or a little abbreviate, but sometimes lobate.
Fore and middle femora of male tumid; hind femora long and slender,
somewhat compressed, generally surpassing the abdomen, the superior
carina slight, unarmed; hind tibiae feebly ampliate apically, with
spines of similar length on the two sides; first joint of hind tarsi
scarcely longer than the third, the second small, with a large inferior
apical lobe; aroliuin rather large, nearly twice as long as broad. Sub-
genital plate of male furnished with a prominent, subapical, more or
less conical tubercle, the lateral margins of the plate suddenly ampliate
at base; furcula always distinctly present as a pair of projecting lobes;
last abdominal segment of female not abbreviate, the ovipositor nor-
mally exserted.
The type is H. festivus Scudder, a species mistaken for H. viridis
Thomas at the time the genus was described.
This genus is closely related to Hypoclilora and Campylacantha, but
is separated from them by the basal ampliation of the margins of the
subgenital plate of the male. One of the species indeed (the most
aberrant one) was originally placed by Brunuer in Hypoclilora. The
genus is still more closely allied to Aeoloplus, from, which it is separable
by the form of the prouotum and the slenderness of the body.
It is found across the United States, but only a single species is
known east of the Great Plains, and that one has only been found on
or near the Atlantic border. It is generally characteristic of the West.
Many of the species are very closely allied and have hitherto been
confounded by all observers. A large amount of material now enables
rne to distinguish them and to find characters which will rarely fail of
tolerably certain separation.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HESPEROTETTIX.
A 1 . Metazona of pronotum distinctly punctate on dorsnm; prozona smooth, except
sometimes feebly punctate on dorsum; nowhere rugulose.
6 1 . Pronotum highly and irregularly diversified in color, or else nearly devoid of
markings of any kind, the dorsum nearly plane; tegniina in the diversified species
marked with a white or pallid stripe on the division line between the discoidal
and anal areas.
c 1 . Transverse sulci of the pronotum distinctly marked in black; hind femora
with a distinct pregenicular annulation.
d l . Relatively slender-bodied, with slender femora; tegmina rarely as short as
the body and then only in male; antennae of male slender, distinctly longer
than the head and pronotum together 1. viridis (p. 57).
d*. Relatively stout-bodied, with stout femora; tegmina surpassing the body
only in the male and then but slightly; antennae of male coarse, scarcely
longer than the head and prouotum together 2. meridian alitt (p. 59).
c". Transverse sulci of pronotum not marked in strong colored contrast to sur-
roundings; hind femora without red pregenicular annulation or only faint signs
of one 3. festivus (p. 60).
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCFDDER. 57
I 1 . Pronotum diversified in color only by longitudinal stripes, the dorsnm dis-
tinctly tectiform; tegraina without pale stripes (though they are occasionally
indicated).
c 2 . Tegmina 1 obi form, no longer than the prouotum.
(V. General color dark brown, occasionally with a tinge of green; tegmina
short ovate, distinctly shorter than the pronotum 4. pacificus (p. 61).
d~. General color grass-green;* tegmina long oval, scarcely shorter than the
pronotum 5. curtipenni* (p. 62).
o-. Tegmina fully developed or abbreviate, fully twice or nearly twice as long as
the pronotum.
d-. Tegmina and wings abbreviate, much shorter than the body.
6. breripennis (p. 63).
(1-. Tegmina and wings distinctly surpassing the abdomen, or sometimes in the
female only equaling it 7. pratensis (p. 64).
A 2 . Pronotum tectiform; both prozona and metazona, both on dorsum and lateral
lobes, equally and distinctly rugulose 8. speciosns (p. 66).
i. HESPEROTETTIX VIRIDIS.
(Plate IV, fig. 8.)
Caloptenus viridis THOMAS, Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1872), p. 450, pi.
n, tig. 3. GLOVER, 111. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pi. n, fig. 3.
Ommaiolampis viridis THOMAS (pars), Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p.
156;? Rep. Geol. Geogr. Surv. 100th mer., V (1875), p. 892. BRUNER, Can.
Ent., IX (1877), p. 144.
Hespcrotettix viridis UHLER (pars), Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., Ill (1877), p.
795.? THOMAS, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1878 (1878), p. 1845. BRUXER (pars),
Rep. U. S. Ent. Comin., Ill (1883), p. 59; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885),
p. 137. ? COQUILLETT, Rep. U. S. Ent., 1885 (1886), pp. 295, 297. BRUXER,
Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 26.
Pezoteltix viridis STAL, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 14.
Hesperotettix montanns BRUXER!, MS.
Head varying from olivaceous to ochraceous, sparsely and rather
coarsely punctate with fuscous, the costae, front, and inferior margins
of the genae more or less pallid, an infraocular black bar and infra-
antennal black band, the clypeal incisures black ; fastigium more or less
infuscated or blackish, and the vertex with a longitudinal black stripe,
broadening posteriorly and there sometimes inclosing a pallid thread;
sides of the head behind the eye more or less streaked longitudinally
with blackish; antennae warm testaceous, with a greenish tinge near
base. Pronotum of the same ground color as the head, but the dorsum
often with more or less of a testaceous or subferruginous tint, the sulci
narrowly marked in black, a moderately broad mediodorsal bright or
dull white stripe rather narrowly margined, sometimes with the excep-
tion of the metazona, with black or fuscous; lateral lobes much varie-
gated on the prozona by an irregular assortment of brief, longitudinal,
black, rarely dark-green bars, sometimes more or less connected to form
a gently oblique moderately broad belt. Pleura and tegraina as in
H.festivus, and the femora similar, but the hind femora almost always
furnished with a moderately broad pregenicular salmon colored com-
plete annulation; hind tibiae and tarsi as in H.fcstivus. Supraanal
58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. xx.
plate of male triangular with, roundly acute apex, about as long as
broad, the margins straight and upturned, leaving between them and
the basal U-shaped elevated ridge a broad deep sulcus, on which is
further impressed a slight median longitudinal sulcus from the extrem-
ity of the basal ridge; furcula consisting of a pair of slight subtriau-
gular projections overlying the two bases of the basal ridge; cerci sim-
ple, subconical, scarcely so long as the supraanal plate, tapering but
little and that wholly in the basal half, the apex rather blunt, rounded,
gently incurved; infracercal plates inconspicuous, shorter than the
supraanal plate.
Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 20 mm.; antennae, male, 7.4
mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 13.3 mm., female, 19.2 mm.; hind
femora, male. 9.75 mm., female, 14.75 mm.
Twenty-four males, 40 females. Sidney, Cheyenne County, Nebraska,
August, L. Brunei* ; Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas, 3,000 feet, Septem-
ber 1; Colorado, 5,500 feet, Morrison (S. Henshaw; U.S.N.M. Riley
collection); Custer County, Colorado, Cockerell (U.S.N.M.); Plains of
southern Colorado, July 25, F. H. Snow (University of Kansas) ; Chaves,
New Mexico, September 6; Dallas, Texas, Boll; San Antonio, Bexar
County, Texas (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Carrizo Springs, Dimmit
County, Texas, A. Wadgymar, June (L. Bruner); Fort Grant, Graham
County, Arizona (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Tighes, San Diego
County, California, Palmer; Siskiyou County, California (U.S.N.M.);
Montague, Siskiyou County, California (L. Bruner).
The species was originally described from Colorado, Wyoming, and
Kansas, and has since been reported from [New Jersey] (Uhler), [Min-
nesota] and Iowa (Bruner), Nebraska (Thomas, Bruuer), Kansas and
Colorado (Bruner), Beaver Brook and the Grand Canyon of the Arkan-
sas (Uhler); Texas [and Mexico] (Uhler); [Utah] (Bruner), and San
Joaquin Valley, California (Coquillet). Localities which are in doubt
or in error are placed in brackets.
This species closely resembles H. festivus, but while generally of a
little larger size is distinguished from it by the black-marked sulci of
the pronoturn, the generally but not invariably greater irregularity of
the markings of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, the red aimulation
of the hind femora (though this will probably be found in some individ-
uals of H.festimis) and the ground color of the head and pronotum, as
well as in slight differences in the abdominal appendages of the male.
The eyes are slightly more elongate in H. festivus than in the present
species, at least in the female.
It is wholly uncertain to what species belongs the reference by
Thomas 1 to an insect with tegmina only one-third the length of the
abdomen, taken in northern New Mexico or Colorado. I have placed
it here with a query.
I possess a couple of females, collected by II. Rid g way in Ruby
'Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1878, 1845.
o. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELAXorU-SCrDDEK. 59
Valley, Nevada, but preserved after long immersion in spirits, which,
until fresh specimens are obtained for study, I regard as belonging to
this species. They are, however, remarkable for the brevity of the
tcginina, which are only as long as the pronotum, and the species has
not been otherwise recorded from this region. They seem to represent
a short-winged form of this species, their tegmina overlapping like the
normal form and not lobate, as in the strictly brachypterous species of
this genus.
2. HESPEROTETTIX MERIDIONALIS, new species.
(Plate IV, fig. 9.)
This species differs but little from H. festivu-s, but has even more
strikingly contrasted colors, the green of which is deeper and of a
bluer tint and the femora are stouter. The face is yellow with a slight
greenish tint, coarsely and distinctly punctate with blackish brown;
the intercostal interspace below the antennae is heavily infuscated
and the usual short bar below the eyes is present; vertex yellow, the
fastigiuin heavily infuscated and behind it a widening blackish stripe,
posteriorly inclosing a median yellow thread; antennae fuscous, the
joints feebly and narrowly annulate with pale ferruginous. Pronotum
yellow, more or less olivaceous, and 011 the inetazona often heavily suf-
fused with bright ferruginous, all the transverse sulci and particularly
that close to the front margin heavily marked in black, which cuts the
heavy black-bordered mediodorsal yellow stripe; upper portion of the
lateral lobes more or less heavily marked with black on the prozona;
pleural sutures heavily marked in black. Tegmina of about the length
of the abdomen, bluish green, the discoidal and posterior ulnar veins
with a narrow pallid yellow stripe. Fore and middle femora dull ferru-
ginous; hind femora with the outer face dull greenish luteous, the
superior carina heavily necked and punctate with fuscous, and a faint,
broad, dull coral red, pregenicular annulation; hind tibiae greenish
blue, the spines white with black tips, the tarsi more or less testaceous.
Supraanal plate of male much as in H. festivus, the furcula consisting
of a pair of minute but boldly projecting rounded lobes, separated by
twice their own width; cerci slightly compressed, subconical, tapering
much more rapidly in the proximal than in the distal half, the latter
being nearly equal, the tip rounded but slightly produced and gently
incurved, the whole scarcely so long as the supraanal plate; infracercal
plates inconspicuous, apically tapering, almost as long as the supraanal
plate.
Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 26 mm. ; antennae, male, 8 rnin.,
female, 7.75 mm. ; tegmiua, male, 15.5 mm., female, 20 mm. ; hind femora,
male, 12 mm., female, 15.7 mm.
One male, 2 females. Guanajuato, Mexico, A. Duges (U S.N.M. [No.
707]); Sierra Xola, Tamaulipas, Mexico, December 2-0, E. Palmer.
There is also a male from Mexico in the Museum of Comparative
60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
Zoology which may belong here (as the cerci indicate), but the tegmina
are longer than in the specimens described above and the whole appear-
ance and the proportions are those of H.festirus.
Besides the colorational features which distinguish this species from
H. viridis, the body is relatively stouter, the antennae coarser and
shorter in proportion to the prouotum, the latter is more acutely angu-
late behind (though the difference is but slight), the hind femora are
shorter and stouter, and the tegmina and wings relatively shorter.
3. HESPEROTETTIX FESTIVUS, new species.
(Plate IV, fig. 10.)
Hesperotettix viridis SCUDDER!, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1876), p. 262.
THOMAS, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sc., I (1876), p. 262. SCUDDER!, Rep. U. S. Eut.
Coram., II (1881), App., p. 24. BRUNEH (pars), ibid., Ill (1883), p. 59.
Face varying from green-yellow to pallid yellow, more or less deeply
infuscated in the intercostal space below the antennae, the frontal costa
sulcate throughout excepting above, and faintly and distantly punctate
with fuscous on the margins; genae pallid or greenish pallid except for
a short, slender, oblique, blackish stripe below the eye. Summit of
head and dorsum of pronotum buff, greenish buff", rarely green, or oliva-
ceous, with a median, black-margined, white or pallid stripe, the stripe
reduced to a thread on the head, the black edging remaining; on the
sides, above the middle, is a more or less irregular black stripe, more
interrupted or broken in the female than in the male, extending from
behind the eyes, where it is reduced to parallel longitudinal streaks, to
the hinder edge of the prozona, bordered broadly below and above with
pallid, above forming a stripe which begins narrowly along the upper
edge of the eyes and continues also across the metazona, occupying
the position of lateral carinae; excepting for stripes at the median
and lateral carinae, the metazona is uniformly buff or rarely green
and is very shallowly punctate ; both meso- and metapleura with an
oblique, fusiform, pallid stripe, margined more broadly in some places
than in others with black. Tegmina of about the length of the abdo-
men, rather dark bluish green, the anal area more or less deeply tinged
with buff, the discoidal and posterior ulnar veins white, the veinlets
impinging on the apical margin distinctly blackish. Fore and middle
femora buff, inclining to ferruginous; hind femora buff, but purplish on
the outer face and more or less iufuscated, the geniculation with a
blackish crescent on the outer and inner sides; hind tibiae bluish green,
becoming more or less pallid or testaceous distally, the spines white
with black tips, the tarsi testaceous or greenish testaceous. Snpraanal
plate of male triangular, of about equal length and breadth, broadly
rounded apically, with straight and slightly upturned margins, the sur-
face with a pair of converging stout elevated ridges, forming a basal
triangular pit between them, and in the distal half of the plate beyond
the united ridges a slight median sulcus; furcula consisting of a pair
xo. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELAXOPLT SCUDDER. 61
of minute rounded lobes, separated by about their own width; cerci
simple, subeouical, tapering a very little, more rapidly in the proximal
than in distal half, subacutely pointed, as long as the supraanal plate
and feebly incurved; infracercal plates not very broad, as long as the
supraanal plate, completely concealed by the recumbent cerci.
Length of body, male, 15.5 mm., female, 20.5 mm. ; antennae, male,
female, 7 mm..; tegmina, male, 12 mm., female. 13 mm.; hind femora,
male, 0.1 mm., female, 11 mm.
Sixty-six males, 58 females. Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 4,300 feet, July
20, August 1-4 (S. H. Scudder; U.S.X.M. [No. 70S]); American Fork
Canon, Utah, 9,500 feet, August 2-3 ; Provo, Utah, August 23-24 ; Spring-
Lake Villa, Utah County, Utah, August 1-4, E. Palmer; Los Angeles
County, California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M. [No. 708]. Riley collection).
The species has previously been reported (under another name) from
Lake Point, Salt Lake and Salt Lake Valley (Scudder), Mount Nebo
and Spring Lake, Utah (Thomas), and Utah (Bruner).
The contrasts of colorings in this species render it a more variegated
insect than any of the other species of the genus, particularly when the
buft' colors are deepest and bring out the black and white with greatest
vividness.
4. HESPEROTETTIX PACIFICUS, new species.
(Plate V, fig. 1.)
Hesperotettix pacificus BRUNER!, MS. KOEBELE!, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep.
Agric., XXII (1890), p. 94. undescribed.
Body feebly but not briefly pilose; general color dark brownish tes-
taceous, frequently tinged more or less with olivaceous. Head sparsely
punctate, with a variable broad black bar below the eyes, sometimes
reduced to a V-shaped spot and in greener specimens dark olivaceous;
a similar broad dark stripe behind the eyes, and the summit generally
with a mediodorsal black stripe, sometimes having a median light thread
through it; fastigium generally sulcate, sometimes reduced to a pit in
front of the eyes; frontal costa equal, about as wide as the space
between the eyes, more or less feebly sulcate; antennae testaceous,
generally darker apically and sometimes pallid basally, about as long
as (female) or much longer than (male) the head and pronotum together.
Pronotum scarcely enlarged from in front backward, rounded tectiforin,
with the bluntest possible median carina, the prozona smooth or very
feebly and sparsely punctate, the metazona about two-thirds as long
as the prozona and punctate, the hind margin very obtusely angulate,
the angle broadly rounded; there is a slender pallid or testaceous
median stripe, more distinct on the prozona than on the metazona, on
the former and occasionally on the latter margined, generally narrowly,
with black; on the upper part of the lateral lobes of the prozoua is a
broad black band, often obscure and on greenish specimens sometimes
obsolete, and where most pronounced bordered broadly below and nar-
62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
rowly above with white. Tegmina uniform greenish fuscous, short
ovate, less than twice as long as broad, shorter than, sometimes hardly
more than half as long as, the pronotum. Hind femora dark testaceous
with the outer face light testaceous, its distal third blackish and a
premedian augulate blackish bar (on greenish specimens almost wholly
green, enlivened on upper surface with a ruddy tint) 5 hind tibiae fusco-
glaucous or glaucous, the spines black tipped. Supraanal plate of
male triangular, the sides feebly and angularly emarginate, the
apex acute, with a basal median sulcns of similar shape not reaching
the middle, the interspaces on either side very shallowly, broadly and
roundly sulcate, and a slender tolerably deep median sulcus apical ly;
furcula consisting of a pair of slightly projecting, subattiugeut, rounded
lobes ; cerci slender, tapering gently in basal half, beyond equal or very
feebly expanded, the tip rounded but slightly produced, the apical half
feebly incurved; apical tubercle of subgenital plate feeble, blunt, seen
from behind broadly rounded.
Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 22.5 mm.; antennae, male, 10
mm., female, 7 mm.; tegmiua, male, 3.5 mm., female, 4 mm.: hind
femora, male, 12 mm., female, 12.5 mm.
Two males, 8 females. Los Angeles, California, October 27, Ooquillett
(U.S.N.M. [No. 709.] Kiley collection); Los Angeles, California, Koebele
(L. Bruner); San Buenaventura, California (U.S.N.M. [No. 709.] Riley
collection). Koebele reports it from the Shasta district in northern
California.
The abdomen, which is carinate, sometimes has the carina distinctly
lighter than the body.
This species most resembles H. festivus of the longer winged forms,
but is very different from it.
5. HESPEROTETTIX CURTIPENNIS, new species.
Hesperotettix curlipennis BKUNER!, MS.
Body feebly and rather briefly pilose; general color green with an
olivaceous tinge. Head with a yellow front margin to the genae, bor-
dered posteriorly with a short dark greenish or bluish green bar below
the eyes; behind the eyes is a broad dark green stripe (not so dark as
the bar) margined with yellow, the inner margin passing along the
upper edge of the eye; summit sometimes with a dark green median
stripe; fastigium with a slight pit between the eyes and more or less
sulcate on the expanded portion in front; frontal costa of somewhat
irregular breadth, but about as wide as the interval between the eyes,
distinctly sulcate; antennae testaceous, about as long as head and
pronotum together in the female. Prouotum rounded tectiform, scarcely
enlarging from in front backwards, the carina and carinal markings as
in H. pacificus, the lateral lobes similarly marked, with a broad, yellow-
bordered, blackish green bar crossing the prozona, its lower margin
slightly oblique; hind margin broadly rounded, scarcely augulate, the
NO. 1124.
REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCFDDER. 63
prozoua plainly though feebly, sparsely and rather coarsely punctate,
the metazona closely punctate. Tegmina rather long ovate, nearly
twice as long as broad, and scarcely shorter than or at least three-
quarters as long as the pronotuin, green. Hind femora green, the
outer half of the upper surface ruddy, the under surface and the
oarina beneath the outer fiertl luteous; hind tibiae green, the spines
pale green with black tips. Abdomen green, becoming darker above,
the carina marked heavily with yellow and margined with blackish
green.
Length of body, female, 23 mm. ; antennae, 7.75 mm. ; tegmina, 6 mm. ;
hind femora, 12.5 mm.
Two females. Colorado, Morrison (U.S.N.M. [No. 710]; L. Bruner).
Of the long-winged forms, this species most resembles H. festivus,
but is easily distinguished from it, apart from the great difference in
the tegmina.
6. HESPEROTETTIX BREVIPENNIS.
(Plate V, fig. 2.)
Ommatolampis breripennis THOMAS!, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., I, No. 2 (1874),
1st Ser., p. 67.
HesperotetUx riridis UHLER (pars), Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., Ill (1877), p. 795.
MORSE!, Psyche, VI (1892), p. 262; VII (1894), p. 106.
Head pea green, fusco-puuctate in front, with a short blackish stripe
below the eyes, behind the pallid callosity; streaks of dark green pass
backward from the eye, and the vertex has a slender, mediodorsal fus-
cous stripe, narrowing anteriorly and ending at the base of the fastig-
iuin in a round blackish spot; antennae pale ferruginous, slightly
iufuscated apically. Pronotum shaped as in H. pratensis, pea green,
with a moderately broad, bright ferruginous, obscurely fuscous, mar-
gined, mediodorsal stripe, generally broader in the female than in the
male; and above the middle of the lateral lobes, but not reaching the
front margin nor passing beyond the prozoua, a blackish fuscous bar,
sharply delimited below, fading out above, bordered beneath and some-
times interrupted posteriorly above with pallid ; sides of the body green
except that the metapleura have an oblique pallid stripe, bordered on
the upper posterior and lower anterior sides with black. Tegmina con-
siderably shorter than the abdomen in both sexes, but particularly in
the female, the anal area and a little more than that ferruginous, its upper
limit sometimes infuscated, the remainder pea green. Femora almost
precisely as in H. pratensis; hind tibiae varying from pea green to pale
bluish green, the spines pale on basal, black on apical half; hind tarsi
coucolorous with tibiae or sometimes a little yellower. Supraaual plate
of male triangular, with straight sides and rounded subacute apex,
about as long as broad, with a broad and rather high tectate ridge
parallel to the margins, inclosing a deep, basally broad, triangular sul-
cus; furcula consisting of a pair of slightly projecting, moderate sized,
64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
rounded lobes, separated by half their own diameter ; cerci a little
shorter than the supraaual plate, simple, conical, but slightly more
rapidly tapering on basal than on apical half, bluntly acuminate; infra-
cereal plates broad triangular, scarcely shorter than the supraanal plate,
slightly ridged on its margins; last dorsal segment deeply emargimite,
so as to be less than half as broad in the middle as at the sides.
Length of body, male, 16 mm., female, 2 mm.; antennae, male, 7.25
mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 10.25 rum., female, 10 mm.; hind
femora, male, 11 mm., female, 12.5 mm.
Ten males, 10 females. Wellesley, Norfolk County, Massachusetts,
July IG-August 1 (A. P. Morse); New Jersey (U.S.N.M. [Xo. 711]);
Georgia, Morrison .
This species has been previously recorded only from New Jersey
(Thomas, Uhler), where Uhler says it is "not uncommon in the cran-
berry fields of Atlantic County; 77 and from Wellesley, Massachusetts,
by Morse, who tells me that his specimens were taken in a very
restricted locality, "a steep gravelly hillside, forming the terminal por-
tion of a part of the gravel-plain formation of Wellesley," where they
were captured u by sweeping vigorously the short-tufted growth of
bunch grass, Andropogon scoparius, which with other wild grasses and
running blackberry vines sparsely clothed the gravelly soil." All his
specimens were taken between mid July and mid August. Since writ-
ing me this, Mr. Morse has found another locality near the previous,
where on July 10 he took both sexes mature and nymphs ; the surround-
ings were similar.
This species is very closely allied to H. pratensis, but differs from it
in its shorter tegmina and wings, the more regularly conical cerci of
the male, the slightly different form of the supraaual plate and the
markings ; it is also of a smaller size.
7. HESPEROTETTIX PRATENSIS, new species.
(Plate V, fig. 3.)
Ommatolampis riridls THOMAS (pars), Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 156.
Hespero.ettlx riridis UHLER (pars), Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., Ill (1877), p.
795. BRUNER (pars), Rep. U. S. Ent. Coirira., Ill (1883), p. 59; Rep. U. S.
Ent., 1885 (1886) p. 307.
Head yellowish green, sparsely punctate with fuscous in front, the
lower portion of the face more or less obscured with purplish, a short
fuscous stripe depending from the eye, in front of which the callosity is
livid; vertex with a more or less distinct, rather narrow, fuscous or
blackish stripe, narrowing anteriorly, and ordinarily with a median
thread of yellow, the fastigium generally discolored, sometimes and
especially in the female reddish. Pronotum scarcely (male) or slightly
(female) increasing in breadth from in front backward, equally through-
out and with no angle in the middle, yellowish green, occasionally,
especially in Southern examples and apparently in the female only,
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLlSCUDDEK. G5
with a pallid line along the position of the lateral carinae of the prozona,
extending also across the head where it follows the upper hinder mar-
gin of the eyes; above the middle of the lateral lobes, on the prozona,
is a more or less distinct and irregular fuscous bar, generally darkest
below, including on the hinder section a whitish dash in its upper part,
and sometimes more or less margined with pallid, especially below;
there is usually present, sometimes conspicuously, a narrower or broader
mediodorsal stripe, sometimes pale yellow or pale yellow margined more
or loss broadly, and generally more broadly behind than in front, with
reddish pink or fuscous, at other times, and especially in the female
where it is at least generally broader, wholly reddish pink more or less
infnscated. Tegmina of about the length of the abdomen in both sexes,
green or yellowish green, the anal area and often a little more than that
sometimes reddish pink, especially in the female. Legs green, the fore
and middle femora more or less plainly annulate with coral red before
the gcniculatiou, and occasionally with a line of red above the upper
margin of the outer face, the geniculation with a fuscous crescent both
on the outer and inner side; hind tibiae pale bluish green, becoming
more or less yellowish apically, the spines pallid on tbeir basal, blackish
brown on their apical half; hind tarsi pale green, more or less yellow-
is]^, especially at the apices of the joints. Supraanal plate of female
triangular, subacutely but bluntly angulate, of about equal length and
breadth, the margins nearly straight, the middle of either half with a
rather broad moderately elevated ridge, the two converging beyond the
middle of the plate and inclosing a deep basal sulcus; furcula consist-
ing of a pair of minute rounded lobes, nearly twice as distant as their
width; cerci considerably shorter than the supraanal plate, simple, reg-
uh.rly conical on basal half, the apical half subequal, bluntly pointed,
very feebly dowucurved ; infracercal plates almost as long as the supra-
anal plate, inconspicuous; last dorsal segment broadly rounded and
rather deeply emargiuate.
Length of body, male, 18.5 mm., female, 30 rum.; antennae, male,
8.25 mm., female, 10.25 mm.; tegoriua, male, 13 mm., female, 20 mm.;
hind femora, male, 11.0 mm., female, 17.5 mm.
Forty males, G8 females. Red River of the North [Minnesota or Mani-
toba], Uhler; southern Illinois, Kennicott; Crawford County, Iowa,
July 13-24, J. A. Allen; Denison, Crawford County, Iowa, July 20,
J. A. Allen; Jefferson, Greene County, Iowa, July 20-24, J. A. Allen;
Dallas County, Iowa, August, J. A. Allen; Valentine, Cherry County,
Nebraska, L. Bruner (U.S.N.M. [No. 712]) ; Fort Robinson, Dawes County,
Nebraska, August 22, L. Bruner (U.S.N.M. [No. 712]); Chadron, Dawes
County, Nebraska, L. Bruner (U.S.N.M. [No. 712]); Nebraska, Dodge,
llayden ; West Point, Cuming County, Nebraska (L. Bruuer) ; Bismarck,
North Dakota, July 23, G. W. Sweet ( U.S.N.M. [No. 712] ) Wyoming, Mor-
rison (U.S.N.M. [No. 712]) ; Fort McKinney, Johnson County, Wyoming,
July 26 (U.S.N.M. [No. 712]); Fort Benton, Choteau County, Montana,
Proc. N". M. vol. xx 5
66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
July 20 (U.S.N.M. [No. 712]); Brown's, Colville Valley, eastern Wash-
ington, July 24 (Museum Comparative Zoology) ; La Chappies, Yakima
Biver, Washington, July 16 (Museum Comparative Zoology) ; Umatilla,
Oregon, June 24 (Museum Comparative Zoology); Los Angeles, Cali-
fornia, Coquillett (U.S.N.M. [No. 712]); San Diego, California, Blaisdell
(L. Bruner) ; Tighes, San Diego County, California, E. Palmer ; American
Fork Canyon, Utah, 9,500 feet, August 23; Monument Park, El Paso
County, Colorado, July 19 (U.S.N.M. [Xo. 712]); Manitou, El Paso
County, Colorado, August 24-25; Beaver Brook, Jefferson County,
Colorado, P. E, Uhler ; Colorado, 8,000 feet, Morrison ; latitude 38, Lieu-
tenant Beckwith; San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, (U.S.N.M. [No.
712]); Dallas, Texas, July 18, Boll; Pecos River, Texas, Captain Pope;
Orizaba, Mexico, January (L. Bruner). Nearly all the specimens from
the National Museum are from the Kiley collection.
Dr. J. A. Allen found the insect in Iowa only in dry prairies on the
grass, excepting that the least-marked specimens occurred in groves,
and there only.
Occasionally a specimen, and especially a female, is found in which
there is no trace of ferruginous on the tegmina, which are then green
with a pallid stripe along the dividing line between the discoidal and
anal areas, reminding one of H. riridis or H.festivus. *
The specimen above referred to from Orizaba, a female, differs
slightly in its somewhat abbreviated tegmina, and the mottled mark-
ings of pallid yellow and green upon the lateral lobes of the prono-
tum; it possibly indicates another species.
8. HESPEROTETTIX SPECIOSUS.
(Plate V, fig. 4.)
Pezotettix speciosus SCUDDER!, Final Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. (1871), p. 250.
GLOVER, 111. N. A. Ent., Ortk., pi. xvn, fig. 4 (1874). THOMAS, Bull. U. S.
Geol. Surv. Terr., IV (1878), p. 484. BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 144.
STAL, Bill. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V (1878), No. 9, p. 14.
Acridium frontalis THOMAS, Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1872), p. 448,
pi. u, fig. 1. GLOVER, 111. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pi. xr, fig. 1. THOMAS,
Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 169. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Eut.
Comm., Ill (1883), p. 58; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885). p. 135; Bull. Div. Ent.
U. S. Dep. Agric., XIII (1887), p. 11. OSBORN, Ins. Life, IV, p. 51 (1891) ; Rep.
Ent. Soc. Ont., XXII (1891), p. -70; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXVII
(1892), p. 59. BRUNER, Ibid, XXVIII (1893), pp. 12-13, fig. 3; P.ubl. Nebr.
Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 26.
Hypocldora speciosa BHUNNER, Rev. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 145.
Grass green. Head without markings, except that sometimes the
lateral margins of the frontal costa, especially its upper portion, and
the apex of the fastigium are tinged or flecked with roseate, also occa-
sionally seen on the lateral carinae of the face; vertex more or less
rugulose; eyes moderately distant, especially in the female, the frontal
costa slightly narrower than the interspace between the eyes, equal,
sulcate, the tip of the fastigium also impressed; antennae pale pink,
NO. 1124.
/;/;/ isio ^ or TIIK MELAXOTLISCUDDER. 67
pallid at base, slightly darker and sometimes infuscated at tip, nearly
as long as (female) or much longer than (male) head and pronotum
together. Prouotum tectilbrin with a feeble blunt and equal median
cariua, which is often but not always, sometimes conspicuously, pink
roseate; prozoua much longer than, in the male half as long again as,
the metazona, rugulose, the raised portions generally more or less
yellowish and having often a transverse, never a longitudinal trend;
the metazona equally rugulose, but with a distinct longitudinal trend
to the raised portions; hind margin obscurely and obtusely angulate.
Tegmina green or yellowish green, the longitudinal veins being yellow
and the ground green ; they taper to a roundly acuminate tip and are of
variable length in both sexes, but always considerably longer than the
pronotum, in the male usually about two-thirds the length of the abdo-
men, in the female generally varying from two-thirds as long as to quite
or nearly as long as the abdomen; wings pellucid green, with green
veins. Hind femora green, the outer half of the upper surface below
the carina often roseate, and the inner surface generally pale yellow; a
faint sign of a pregenicular roseate auuulation often appears ; hind tibiae
green, the spines pallid or yellowish green with black tips. Supraanal
plate of male triangular, with slightly sinuate sides, the apex some-
times acute, sometimes rounded, with a rather broad and deep median
sulcus in the basal half, bounded by a rather high and acute ridge on
either side, between which and the margin is a rather deep and very
broad valley; a slight median sulcus appears in the apical half; furcula
consisting of a pair of approximate, little protruding, triangular lobes;
cerci delicate and slender, tapering gently and more on basal than on
apical half, though sometimes the apical half is nearly equal, bluntly
acuminate at tip and with the outer half distinctly incurved; apical
tubercle prominent, conical, more or less appressed; sometimes slightly
transverse as viewed from behind, and occasionally (as in the figure;
by accident in drying?) bifid.
Length of body, male, 22.5 mm., female, 34 mm.; antennae, male, 10
mm., female, 11.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 9 mm., 1 female, 18.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 14 mm., female, 18.5 mm.
Twelve males, 27 females. Nebraska, Dodge, Scudder; Nebraska
City and banks of Platte liiver, Nebraska, Hayden ; Finney County,
Kansas, September, H. W. Menke (University of Kansas); Lakin,
Kearny County, Kansas, 3,000 feet, July 9, September 1 ; Garland, Cos-
tilla County, Colorado, 8,000 feet, August 28; Texas, Belfrage; Dallas,
Texas, Boll; San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas (L. Bruner); Fort
Worth, Tarrant County, Texas, May (U.S.N.M. Kiley collection);
Gulf coast of Texas, Aaron ; Pecos River, Texas, Captain Pope.
Since writing this, Mr. C. F. Baker has sent me specimens from Horse-
tooth Mountain, 0,000 feet, west of Fort Collins, Colorado.
The species has also been reported from Dakota or Montana (Thomas),
1 The male selected for measurement lias uuusually short tegmina.
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
Dakota, Wyoming, Iowa, Nebraska and Missouri (Bruner), Kansas
(Thomas), Garden City, Kansas (Bruner, Osborn), Barber and Shaw-
nee counties, Kansas (Bruner), Colorado or Northern New Mexico
(Thomas), Colorado and New Mexico (Bruner), and Washington (bounty,
Texas (Bruner).
This species can hardly be confounded with any other, though it
bears a close general resemblance to Campylacantha acutipennis, from
which it is strongly separated by the prominence of the base of the
lateral margin of the subgenital plate of the male. It is dimorphic in
wing length.
18. AEOLOPLUS, new genus,
(a/o/lo?, variegated; o-rcXov, armor.)
Body relatively short and stout, considerably enlarged at the meta-
thorax, even in the male. Head normal, the eyes moderately distant,
not very prominent except sometimes in the male, the summit well
arched, the fastigiurn slightly silicate between the eyes, the frontal
costa moderately broad, subequal, plane or nearly plane; antennae
moderately stout, cylindrical, equal, slightly longer (male) or slightly
shorter (female) than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum
stout, regularly increasing in size from in front backward, the disk
gently convex transversely, the prozona slightly and independently
tumid, with no or an exceedingly feeble median carina, distinguishing
it from the flat carinulate metazona; .posterior margin of pronotum
very obtusely angulate, the angle more or less rounded; prozona about
half as long again as the metazona, generally slightly broader than
long or quadrate. Prosternal spine conical, erect; interval between
niesosternal lobes of male about twice as long as broad, often clepsydra!
from the convexity of the inner margins of the lobes, of female vary-
ing from the same to quadrate, the metasternal lobes attingent or sub-
attingent in the male, a little distant in the female. Fore and middle
femora considerably tumid in the male, the hind femora relatively
short and stout, occasionally furnished interiorly in the male with a
basal tooth protecting the calcaria when the tibiae are closed upon the
femora. Tegmina generally completely developed, but often somewhat
abbreviate, rarely lobate. Subgenital plate of male with the lateral
margins very strongly ampliate and arched at the base, and furnished
with a distinct but not very prominent subapical tubercle, the apical
margin of the plate forming its inner base; furcula scarcely or not
apparent; cerci tapering, apically very slender, simple; terminal seg-
ments of female abdomen more or less considerably abbreviated, the
ovipositor only partially exserted.
Aeoloplus regalis may be taken as the type.
This genus is closely related to Hesperotettix, and these two genera
are the only ones in the section of Melanopli with ampliate base to the
lateral margins of the subgenital plate, in which the abdomen terini-
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEE. 69
nates in a tubercle distinct from the margin itself, though it is a rather
common feature in the alternate section; accordingly I have arranged
these two genera in such an order that they directly follow those of the
other section, and the remaining genera in such sequence as that
arrangement required. It is composed of insects of a much heavier
build than Hesperotettix, the principal distinctions between the two
genera being given in the table (page 11).
The genus is confined to the western half of the United States from
the Yellowstone to the Mexican border, 1 but it does not appear to have
been found in California 2 or farther east than western Kansas and
Nebraska; it does not reach the prairie region, and is mostly found
apparently at elevations not far from 3,000 to 6,000 feet above the sea.
According to Bruner, Acoloplus turnbullii and Acoloplus chenopodii,
and therefore probably all the members of the genus, or at least those
of the division A 1 of the following table, are similar in their food
habits, confining their attention "almost entirely to the various species
of plants of the botanical family Chenopodiaceae, which abound in the
regions where they occur, being particularly fond of the grease-wood,
Sarcobates vermicular is"
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AEOLOPLUS.
A 1 . Pronotum longitudinally striped with lighter and darker colors; tegmina more
or less (excepting in Aeoloplns eletjans), though sometimes feebly, flecked with con-
trasting colors; lower genicular lobe of hind femora crossed by a dark basal band.
& 1 . Tegmina at rest extending as far as or beyond the tip of the abdomen, particu-
larly in the male.
c 1 . Tegmina relatively long and slender, in the middle narrower than the pro-
zona; wings elongate, fully twice as long as broad.
d l . Smaller species, the males less than 15 mm. long; tegmina maculate; apical
half of male cerci very slender 1. tenuipennis (p. 70).
d-. Larger species, the males scarcely less than 20 mm. long; tegmiua immacu-
late ; apical half of male cerci relatively stout 2. elegans (p. 71).
c 2 . Tegmina relatively short and stout, in the middle as broad as the prozona;
wings not elongate, distinctly less than twice as long as broad.
d 1 . Tegmina and wings not or scarcely surpassing the abdomen in either sex;
subapical tubercle of male abdomen prominent, about as high as broad.
3. regal ts (p. 71).
d-. Tegmiua and wings much surpassing the abdomen in both sexes ; subapical
tubercle of male abdomen but slightly elevated, less than half as high as
broad 4. californicits (p. 73).
b-. Tegmiua at rest falling distinctly, sometimes considerably, short of the tip of
the abdomen.
c'. Tegmina lobiform, not so long as pronotum 5. clienopodii (p. 74).
c ; . Tegmina merely abbreviate, about twice as long as pronotum.
d 1 . Cerci of male tapering only in the basal half, the apical half slender and
equal 6. turnbuUii (p. 75).
d*. Cerci of male tapering almost uniformly through the basal three- fourths,
only the apical fourth equal 7. plagosus (p. 76).
1 And beyond it, for I have females of an undescribed species from San Louis Potosi.
2 Though Bruner states that a species occurs on the " Pacific Coast. "
70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
A 2 . Pronotum, tegmina (usually), and lower genicular lobe of hind femora unicol-
orous, unstriped.
6 1 . Inferior base of hind femora of male with no depending tooth.
8. uniformii (p. 77).
6 2 . Inferior base of hind femora of male with a distinct depending tooth.
c l . Eyes of male moderately prominent, as seen from above less than half as high
as long 9. arizonensis (p. 78).
e-. Eyes of male very prominent, as seen from above fully half as high as
long 10. oculatus (p. 79).
i. AEOLOPLUS TENUIPENNIS, new species.
(Plate V, fig. 5.)-
Head pallid fuscous, flecked on the sides with brown and with a
mediodorsal blackish brown stripe, which fills the narrow sulcus of the
fastigiuin and passes backward much broadened, continuing with less
depth of color but with equal width upon the pronotum, as far as the
posterior limit of the prozoua; a similar but weaker brown stripe
passes from behind the eye a similar distance, broader and weaker
upon the pronotum; antennae pale salmon red, paler at base; frontal
costa equal, as wide as or slightly wider than the interval between the
eyes, feebly sulcate below the ocellus; fastigium narrowly and rather
deeply sulcate, the sul cation of equal width but varying depth.
Ground color of pronotum yellowish brown, the posterior margin dis-
tinctly but obtusely and not sharply angulate, the disk of the prozona
distinctly though but slightly transverse, with no median carina.
Prosterual spine short, conical, erect. Tegmina considerably surpass-
ing the abdomen, exceptionally slender, with very slight subbasal
expansion of the costal area, subacuininate apically, brown, but with
the larger distal portion pellucid, flecked with brown by the alternately
deeper and lighter brown of the veins, the cross- veins mostly white or
pellucid; wings not much shorter than the tegmina, not very broad,
the veins blackish brown anteriorly, brownish blue in the anal area.
Hind femora dull luteous, the outer face with three more or less con-
fluent, transverse, blackish brown stripes, indicated by transverse fus-
cous cloudy bars on the upper faces, the arc of the geniculation heavily
marked in black; hind tibiae pink, becoming gradually plumbeous
distally, the spines pallid on the basal, black on the apical half.
Supraanal plate of male subtriangular with sinuous sides and a pro-
duced and rounded apex, the surface plane or nearly plane, but with
two pairs of very slight longitudinal ridges, one pair bounding the
basal median sulcation, which narrows distally and terminates beyond
the middle of the plate, the other lateral, oblique, and less sharp, prox-
imally at the lateral margin, distally a little removed from it and ter-
minating at a similar distance from the base as the other pair; furcula
barely indicated by an attingent pair of scarcely projecting disks;
cerci rapidly tapering at base, nearly the entire distal three fifths sub-
equal, slender, cylindrical, straight, blunt-tipped, surpassing slightly
the length of the supraanal plate; subapical tubercle of subgeuital
NO. 1124.
or THE MEL AXOPLTSC UDDER. 71
plate moderately prominent, erect, somewhat sharply conical as seen
from behind.
Length of body, male, 13.5 mm.; antennae, 0.5 mm.; tegmina, 11.25
mm.: hind femora, 8.5 mm.
One male. Fort Grant, Graham County, Arizona ( U.S.N.M. [No. 13]).
2. AEOLOPLUS ELEGANS, new species.
(Plate V, fig. 6.)
Head pale greenish yellow, the vertex deeper yellow, with a medio-
dorsal pale bluish green stripe from the front of the fastigium back-
ward; antennae pale salmon, pallid at base and fnscesceut at tip;
fastigium broadly and very shallowly sulcate throughout; frontal costa
rather broader than the interspace between the eyes, equal, faintly
sulcate below the ocellus. Pronotum very pale testaceous with a slight
greenish tinge, more pronounced on the metazona, with a very broad
pale bluish green mediodorsal stripe inclosing one of pale testaceous,
and with some greenish clouds upon the lateral lobes of the prozona;
posterior margin very obtusely angulate, the angle rounded; prozona
feebly transverse with no median carina. Prosternal spine short, con-
ical, erect. Tegmina considerably surpassing the abdomen, exception-
ally slender for the genus, with scarcely any subbasal expansion of the
costal area, tapering very gradually, the apex well rounded, subpel-
lucid with greenish yellow veins; wings not much shorter than the
tegmina, fully twice as long as broad, the veins greenish, faintly infus-
cated. Hind femora dull luteous, with three transverse fusco-olivaceous
stripes, more or less confluent on the outer face; hind tibiae pale
glaucous, the spines paler glaucous with black tips. Supraanal plate
of male somewhat distorted in the only specimen seen, but apparently
triangular, with slight median emargination of the sides and a shallow
basal sulcus, bounded by convergent walls; furcula practically absent;
cerci rather stout, tapering on the basal half, equal and hardly less than
half as wide as the base on the apical half, the tip rounded and very
feebly decurved ; subapical tubercle of subgenital plate rather promi-
nent, large, very bluntly conical.
Length of body (contracted), male, 18 mm.; antennae, 9 mm.; teg-
mina, 17.5 mm.; hind femora, 11 mm.
One male. Las Cruces, Donna Ana County, New Mexico, August 8,
T. D. A. Cockerell (IJ.S.N.M. [No. 714]).
3. AEOLOPLUS REGALIS.
(Plate V, fig. 7.)
Caloptenua regalis DODGE, Can. Ent., VIII (1876), pp. 11-12. BRUXER, ibid., IX
, p. 145. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 43. BRUXER,
ibid., Ill (1883), p. 60.
Melanoplus ref/aUs BRUXER, Pnbl. Xebr. Acatl. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 28.
Head yellow, more or less deeply tinged with testaceous, marked
with a dark bluish green median stripe extending from the front of
72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
the fastigium to the hinder margin, broadening posteriorly and contin-
uing across the pronotum, where it is very much broader, broadest in
the middle or at the hinder extremity and sometimes inclosing a slender
thread or stripe of testaceous; there is also a lateral blue-green band,
its upper limit at the summit of the lateral lobes of the pronotum,
which starts from behind the eye and crosses the prozona, where it is
much the widest, occupying from a third to a half the length of the
lateral lobes, and occasionally suffusing the metazona; rest of pro-
notum brownish testaceous, sometimes with a yellow tinge; frontal
costa equal, as wide as the interval between the eyes, slightly depressed
at the ocellus; antennae orange. Pronotum obtusely angulate poste-
riorly, the median cariua distinct on the metazona, feebly indicated on
the prozona in the male and occasionally in the female. Prosternal
spine rather slender, conical, reaching the level of the pectus. Tegmina
generally slightly longer than the abdomen, especially in the male,
sometimes only as long as it, rather broad, especially just beyond the
base, brownish green, with darker green flecking.s and yellowish cross-
veins; beyond the subbasal enlargement they taper regularly and gently,
the tip rounded; hind wings a little shorter than the teginina, moder-
ately broad, the veins bluish green, slightly infuscated next the costa.
Hind femora testaceous yellow, with two broad angulate and sagittate
blue-green bands, darkest above; hind tibiae pale blue-green, pallid
at base and pallescent apically, the spines pallid, with the apical half
blackish brown. Supraaual plate of male subtriangular, with broadly
angulate sides, as long as broad, the acutely angulate tip rounded, the
surface nearly plane but faintly elevated to the slight ridges which
mark the boundaries of the rather broad and shallow median sulcus
that extends over the basal half, narrowing slightly in its passage:
there is besides, on either side, an oblique and narrow ridge, extending
from the extreme outer base toward the middle of the distal half of the
opposite side, terminating halfway there; furcula consisting of a pair
of scarcely projecting, minute, attingent, angulate or subaugulate lobes;
infracercal plate as long as the supraanal, concealed by the recumbent
cerci; cerci feebly compressed, of the length of the supraanal plate,
tapering in the basal half, beyond slender, cylindrical, subequal, but
apically tapering and feebly cur ved downward and inward; subapical
tubercle of the subgenital plate moderately prominent, erect, very
bluntly conical as seen from behind.
Length of body, male, 19.5 mm., female, 27.5 mm.; antennae, male,
8 mm., female, 9.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 14 mm., female, 19 mm.; hind
femora, male, 11.5 mm., female, 1G.5 mm.
Five males, 41 females. Cheyenne County, Kansas, F. W. Cragiu
(L. Bruner); Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas, 3,000 feet, July-Septem-
ber; between Smoky Hill, Kansas, and Denver, Colorado, L. Agassiz
(Mus. Comp. Zool.) ; Pueblo, Colorado, July- August; Colorado, Morrison
(S. Henshaw); Colorado (U.S.N.M.); Grand Junction, Mesa County,
Colorado, June (L. Bruner); Pecos River, Texas, Captain Pope.
NO. 1124. EEVISION OF THE MELANOPL I SC UDDER. 73
It lias also been reported from Nebraska (Dodge) and Wyoming
(Brunei 1 ).
The single specimen from Grand Junction is of an exceptionally
small size, a female only 17 mm. long.
This is the largest species of the genus and is not uncommon at the
eastern base of the Eocky Mountains in Colorado. I have considered'
it probable that this is the species described by Dodge under the name
Caloptenus regalis, but the description does not very well apply to it.
I am guided partly by a sketch of the markings of the tegmina sent
me many years ago by Mr. Dodge, and partly by the impossibility of
applying the description to any other known species.
4. AEOLOPLUS CALIFORNICUS, new species.
(Plate V, fig. 8.)
Head luteo-ferruginous, with a broad, obscure fuscous, median stripe
on the summit, not including the fastigium; frontal costa equal, as
broad as the interspace between the eyes, plane; antennae bright
orange. Pronotum obtusely angulate posteriorly, the angle rounded,
the median carina generally feeble but sometimes distinct on the meta-
zona, wanting on the prozona, the latter with a pair of approximate,
anteriorly converging, dull olivaceo-fuscous, rather obscure, narrow
stripes; on the upper half of the lateral lobes the transverse sulci are
marked in fusco olivaceous, and there are sometimes fuscous clouds in
the .same region, but nowhere distinct. Prosternal spine as in Ae.
ref/alis. Tegmina much surpassing the abdomen in both sexes, at
their broadest as broad as the metazona, beyond the subbasal enlarge-
ment tapering very gradually, the tip rounded, fulvo- testaceous, flecked
feebly, especially along the middle, with fuscous, the longitudinal veins
interruptedly fuscous and pallid in the apical half; wings slightly
shorter than the tegmina, moderately broad, distinctly less than twice
as long as broad, the veins and cross-veins glaucous. Hind femora
and tibiae precisely as in Ac. reyalis. Supraanal plate of male trian-
gular, with strongly sinuate sides and produced and rounded apex,
with a basal, apically narrowing, moderately broad median sulcus,
bounded by sharp but low walls and reaching halfway across the plate,
and an oblique ridge on each side, as in Ac. reyalis, but much less
prominent; furcula indicated merely by a pair of thickenings of the
inner angles of the mesially parted terminal dorsal segment; cerci as
in Ac. reglis, but with the apical portion less slender and straighter;
infracercal plate just shorter than the supraanal, concealed by the
recumbent cerci; subapical tubercle of subgenital plate feebly promi-
nent, very i)lunt and rounded.
Length of body, male, 24.5 mm., female, 26.5 mm.; antennae, male,
9 mm., female, 8.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 22 mm., female, 23 mm.; hind
femora, male, 13.5 mm., female, 14 mm.
One male, 4 females. California, Burrisou (S. Henshaw).
74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
This species is very closely allied to Ae. regalis, but has much longer
tegmina, is slighter in form, has a less pronounced subapical tubercle
to the male abdomen, and differs slightly in color and markings as well
as iu the abdominal appendages.
5. AEOLOPLUS CHENOPODII.
(Plate V, fig. 9.)
Pezotettix cJienapodii BRUNEB!, Ins. Life, VII (1894), pp. 41-42; Rep. St. Hort.
Soc. Xebr., 1894 (1894), p. 163; Bull. Div. Eot. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXXII
(1894), pp. 12-13.
Head varying from livid to warm testaceous, faintly, feebly, and
sparsely punctate with brown, with mediodorsal and postocular stripes
of black as in the neighboring species, the former generally broaden-
ing posteriorly and thereafter inclosing a yellow thread; antennae
brownish yellow, pallid basally and infuscated apically ; fasti gium more
or less shallowly sulcate iu its narrowest part, the frontal costa about
as wide as the space between the eyes, equal, nearly fading out before
reaching the clypeus, and plane throughout. Pronotura testaceous,
sometimes punctate with brown above, with a broad and posteriorly
broadening mediodorsal blackish stripe on the prozoua, including a
similarly widening testaceous thread or stripe; upper half or rather
less of the lateral lobes of the protfona with a similar more or less
distinct blackish brown belt, generally accompanied by a testaceous
dot at the middle of the upper margin; hinder margin of the pronotuin
hardly angulate, but well rounded in a uniform curve; median carina
slight on the metazona, wanting or rarely indicated on the prozona.
Prosternal spine short, conical, rather blunt. Tegmina subovate, less
than twice as long as broad, apically obliquely truncate in the female,
not pointed, fuliginous, with crowded brownish and yellowish veins.
Hind femora luteo-testaceous, with three broad, transverse angular
bands of bluish black, which are but little confluent on the outer
face and somewhat less conspicuous on the upper face, the genicular
arc black; hind tibiae pale glaucous (sometimes pink, according to
Brunei) with the knee and a subbasal annulus pale yellow; the spines
black with pallid base. Supraanal plate of male triangular with
faintly sinuous sides and roundly pointed apex, the surface flat but
with a pair of convergent, rather sharp, but only slightly elevated
ridges, inclosing a rather narrow basal longitudinal sulcus, not reach-
ing the middle of the plate; there are besides two short, strongly
oblique, blunt ridges on the basal half, fading at their extremities; ftir-
cula wholly wanting; cerci moderately broad and compressed at base,
tapering gradually and regularly over a little more than the basal
half, beyond subequal, subcylindrical, but pointed, the apex scarcely
incurved and extending scarcely beyond the supraanal plate ; subapical
tubercle of subgenital plate small, directed upward and backward,
very short and bluntly conical as viewed from behind.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCFDDER. 75
Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 20.5 mm.; antennae, male, 6.5
mm., female, G- mm.; tegmina, male, 3 mm., female, 3.75 mm.; hind
femora, male, 9.5 mm., female, 10 mm.
Two males, 2 females. Grand Junction, Mesa County, Colorado,
June, L. Bruner.
6. AEOLOPLUS TURNBULLII.
(Plate V, iig.10.)
Calopienus turnbulUi THOMAS!, Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1872), p. 452,
pi. n, fig. 10; Rep.U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 158; Rep. U. S. Ent.
Comm., I (1878), p. 42. GLOVER, 111. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pi. xi, fig. 10.
SCUDDER!, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Conira.,
Ill (1883), p. 60; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., IV (1884), p. 58.
JIdanoplus inrnluUn BRUNER, Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 139; Publ. Nebr.
Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 28.
Head varying from pallid testaceous to brownish testaceous, the
genae sometimes clouded with fuscous; a broad blackish stripe, usually
broadening posteriorly, extends from the front of the fastigium across
the summit, nearly occupying the whole of the fastigium except the
sides of the expanded portion and sometimes invading this; a broader
band extends longitudinally behind the eyes; antennae pale salmon
red, more or less deeply infuscated apically; fastigium not sulcate;
frontal costa nearly or quite as broad as the narrowest space between
the eyes, shallowly sulcate below the ocellus. Pronotum varying from
testaceous to dark brownish yellow, the metazona generally feebly infus-
cated in parts, especially on the disk, the prozona and generally the
front half of the metazona with a broad, obscurely bordered, blackish
fuliginous, mesial stripe, sometimes including a yellowish thread; upper
half of the lateral lobes of the prozona similarly colored, forming a
broad bar, which sometimes extends as a cloud upon the metazona;
posterior margin obtusely angulate, the angle rounded; median carina
on the metazona only. Prosternal spine conical or pyramidal, rather
pointed, moderately long. Tegmina brown, variably necked with dull
yellowish, the basal portion of the anal vein often so marked, falling
distinctly short of the tip of the abdomen, the costal margin somewhat
but not greatly expanded beyond the base, beyond tapering regularly,
the tip well rounded; wings at rest protruding slightly beyond the
tegmina. Hind femora clay yellow, thrice broadly banded with blue
black, the bands generally more or less blended on the outer face, the
whole genicular arc inky black; hind tibiae glaucous, suffused apically
with pale yellow, and with a narrow subbasal yellowish annulus, the
pallid spines black tipped, the tarsi clay yellow. Supraanal plate of
male triangular, the apex acute and bluntly pointed, the sides nearly
straight, the surface feebly arched, with a basal, triangular, apically
narrowing sulcus, which hardly extends to the middle of the plate and
is bounded by sharp walls; a short, moderately sharp but low, oblique
ridge starts from the outer base of the plate and runs a similar dis-
76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
tance; furcula consisting of a pair of adjacent, obtusely angled, scarcely
projecting, small lobes; cerci long and slender, fully as long as the
supraaual plate, tapering not rapidly and on the basal half only, the
apical half slender, a little compressed, slightly arcuate, and feebly
downcurved apically; subapical tubercle of subgenital plate moderate,
suberect, as viewed from behind very bluntly conical.
Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, male, 7.25
inm., female, 7.8 mm.; teginina, male, 10 mm., female, 13 mm.; hind
femora, male, 9.5 mm., female, 12 mm.
Nine males, 6 females. Yellowstone, Montana, October 9, 0. Y. Eiley
(U.S.N.M.); Sweetwater, Wyoming, Thomas (U.S.N.M., [No. 715]);
Wyoming, Morrison (U.S.N.M.); Newcastle, Weston County, Wyo-
ming (L. Bruncr); Gordon, Sheridan County, Nebraska, August (L.
Bruner); Explorations in the Upper Missouri and Yellowstone, F. Y.
Hay den.
The species was originally reported from a between Eed Buttes and
Independence lioek, Wyoming, " but it has since been recorded by
Bruner (doubtless in some cases by mistake for some of the allied spe-
cies here first separated) from Garden City, Finney County, Kansas,
western Nebraska, Arizona, New Mexico, Montana and the Pacific
Coast.
According to Bruner, this species in the Yellowstone region "only
feeds upon two species of plants, as nearly as I could ascertain by
observation, viz., the i pigweed' and a small greenish white plant of a
similar nature. Those found on the pigweed are somewhat glaucous
yellow, while those feeding on the other plant are more of a whitish
color, mingled with greenish blue instead of greenish yellow," the color
of the insects resembling to a considerable degree that of the plants
on which they feed.
7. AEOLOPLUS PLAGOSUS.
(Plate VI, fig. 1.)
Pezotettix plagosus SCUDDER!, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876 (1877), p. 504; Can.
Eut., XII (1889), p. 75.
Brownish yellow marked with dark brown or brownish fuscous;
especially noticeable is a dark medioclorsal stripe, extending from the
middle of the vertex between the eyes, where it is not half so broad
as the interspace, to or nearly to the posterior end of the pronotum,
broadening as it goes, on the posterior half of the pronotuin inclosing
a median pale line and fading out before the end of the metazona;
there is also a broad dark belt at the upper limit of the lateral lobes on
the prozona, extending forward to the eyes and fading inferiorly ; inter-
space between the eyes slightly broader than the frontal costa, the fas-
tigium broadly and rather shallowly sulcate, the frontal costa equal,
narrowly sulcate below the ocellus. Pronotum broadening slightly
posteriorly, the metazona punctate, the median carina distinct only
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER. 77
here, the slight lateral carinae moderately abrupt and obtuse, the pos-
terior border obtusely angulated, the angle rounded. Prosternal spine
very short, straight, stout, pyramidal, pointed. Tegmiua not much
shorter than the abdomen, obscure brown, mottled with many pale and
darker spots (due to the broken color of the veins), mostly arranged
longitudinally in the median field; the costal field is broadly enlarged
near the base, and beyond it the whole tapers nearly to the rounded
tip,' veins of the apical half of the preanal field of the wings dusky or
blackish. Hind femora with two median, angulate, moderately broad,
brownish fuscous bands, the arc of the geniculation black; hind tibiae
pale dull glaucous, pale at the base, the spines black-tipped. Supra-
anal plate of male triangular, nearly as long as broad, flat, with a
shallow median furrow of moderate width in the basal half and a slen-
der mesial groove at apex; furcula consisting of a pair of minute,
attingent, triangular lobes; cerci broad at base, rapidly tapering on
the compressed, conical, basal half, very slender and nearly equal on
the apical half, a little incurved at tip; subapical tubercle of subgeni-
tal plate rather small, erect, appre^sed, bluntly conical as seen from
behind.
Length of body, male, 18.5 mm., female, 21 mm.; antennae, male, 8
mm., female, 7.5 mm.; teginina, male, 11 mm., female, 11.2 mm.; hind
femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 11.8 mm.
One male, 1 female. Northern ]^ew Mexico, August to September,
Lieutenant W. L. Carpenter.
I have seen no other males .of this species since its first description,
but I have before me three new females, which from the greater brevity
of their tegniina I am inclined to place here rather than in Ae. tiirnbullii
(from which the females at least are with difficulty separated), and
which come from Colorado (Canon City, Fremont County, Morrison and
Uhler. U.S.N.M. [Xo. 716])'. The specimen collected by Morrison was
obtained on the plains at an elevation of 5,000 feet, and is almost wholly
grass-green with the lighter parts yellowish green.
8. AEOLOPLUS UNIFORMIS, new species.
(Plate VI, Fig. 2.)
The color of the only specimens seen are probably changed somewhat
from their having been killed in spirits and are now of a light dead-leaf
color; probably in life they were uniformly testaceous, with perhaps
a greenish tinge. The pronotum shows, at least on the prozona, signs
of a broad, paler, mediodorsal band, and a similar baud on the middle
of the lateral lobes; the outer face of the hind femora shows indications
of a pair of dusky transverse bauds, mesial and extramesial, and the
apical half or more of the hind tibial spines are black. The fastigium of
the vertex is scarcely in the least impressed, excepting at its very base
between the eyes; the frontal costa has a row of puucta on either side,
78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
removed from the margin, and below the ocellus it is narrowed, sulcate,
and fails to reach the clypeal suture. Prozoua feebly and sparsely,
metazona densely and rather strongly, punctate on the disk, the for-
mer anteriorly with a submarginal transverse series of more distinct
puncta, becoming mesially a double series; the posterior sulcus of the
prozona swerves broadly backward and is completely continuous; that
in front of it is rather short, not infringing on the lateral lobes, rigidly
transverse and feebly continuous. Supraanal plate of male triangular,
with almost straight lateral margins, subacuminate apex, fully as long-
as broad, with a pair of subrnedian, subparallel, rather elevated ridges,
fading posteriorly, inclosing a deep median sulcus; furcula consisting
only of a rather distinct but obtuse angle on either side of a rectangu-
lar median emargination of the last dorsal segment; cerci very slender
(slenderer than appears by the figure), as long as the supraanal plate,
tapering considerably in the basal half, equal and very feebly incurved
in the apical half, apically blunt; infracercal plates rather broad, hardly
narrowing apically, shorter than the infraanal plate.
Length of body, male, 17.25 mm., female, 18.5 mm.; antennae, male,
7 mm., female, 5.7 mm.; tegmina, male, 16 mm., female, 9 mm.; hind
femora, male, 8.3 mm., female, 10.2 mm.
One male, 1 female. Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona, E.
Palmer; Truckee Valley, Nevada, E. Eidgway.
The tegmiua are considerably larger than the abdomen in the male
from Arizona; somewhat shorter than the abdomen in the female from
Nevada. I am not at all confident that the two belong together, and
my description is therefore based almost wholly upon the male.
9. AEOLOPLUS ARIZONENSIS, new species.
(Plate VI, fig. 3.)
Hesperotettix viridis SCUDDER!, Ann. Kep. Chief Eng., 1876 (1876), p. 506; Ann.
Rep. Geol. Geogr. Surv. 100th nier., 1876 (1876), p. 286.
Uniform in coloring throughout, and probably testaceous (all speci-
mens seen have been immersed in alcohol), except that the transverse
sulci of the pronotum appear to have been marked with black or fus-
cous, there are some slight fuscous markings on the upper half of the
lateral lobes of the prozona, the tegmiua are clouded and obscurely
dotted with fuscous, the hind femora are sometimes twice barred with
fuscous and have a large fuscous lunule on the geniculation, and the
tibial spines are black tipped. The eyes of the male are tolerably
prominent; the fastigium, except at apex, is distinctly and uniformly
but not deeply sulcate; the frontal costa is subequal, depressed at but
not sulcate below the ocellus, percurrent. Prozoua punctate above
only in the submarginal sulcus; metazona densely and rather strongly
punctate; posterior sulcus of the prozona oblique on either side, making
a very open rounded angle mesially, and percurrent, while that next in
front of it is occasionally subobliterated mesially. Tegmina considera-
N0 . 1124. RE riSIOX OF THE MELA NOPLISC UDDER. 7 9
bly longer than the abdomen in the male, nearly or quite as long as the
abdomen in the female. Supraaual plate of male subtriangular, with
a slight, rounded, lobiform, apical prolongation, the surface nearly flat,
with a slight, rather broad median sulcus on the basal half or more;
furcula consisting of a pair of very slightly projecting but moderately
large, rounded, attingeut lobes; cerci compressed more than commonly
in this genus, broad at base, tapering pretty regularly in the basal two-
thirds, mostly by the excision of the upper side, beyond equal, apically
bluntly rounded, scarcely incurved; infracercal plates apically narrow,
nearly as long as the supraaual plate.
Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, male, 7.75
mm., female, 7.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 16.25 mm., female, 16 mm.; hind
femora, male, 10.1 mm., female, 11.75 mm.
Five males, 4 females. Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona;
Mohave Desert, Loew (U.S.]S".M. [No. 717J).
This species differs slightly from Ae. uniformis in markings, but more
in the sculpture of the face and of the male abdominal appendages,
which are very distinct in the basal breadth of the cerci and the flat-
ness of the supraaual plate.
io. AEOLOPLUS OCULATUS, new species.
(Plate VI, fig. 4.)
Pale yellowish testaceous, uniform, the only variations from it being
in the pale reddish antennae, chocolate brown eyes, the faint, fuscous,
crowded, and delicate punctuation of the submarginal sulcus of the
prozona and of the whole of the inetazona, the bluish main rays of the
wings, the feeble, plumbeo-fuscous, sagittate banding of the hind
femora, the narrow purplish crescent of the genicular lobes and the
very pale purplish hind tibiae, the spines of which are yellowish in the
basal, black in the apical half. The eyes of the male are very large
and prominent, thefastigium pretty deeply and rather narrowly sulcate
between the eyes, the frontal costa moderately broad, subequal, nowhere
sulcate, and rather indistinctly percurrent. Posterior sulcus of the
prozona swerving backward mesially to form a very broad W, and yet
in the middle much nearer the sulcus in front than that behind; sulcus
in front of it percurrent, straight, but angularly bent forward laterally.
Tegmina considerably longer than the abdomen in the male. Supra-
anal plate of male triangular, with the apex slightly produced and
rounded, nearly flat, with a rather broad and shallow median sulcus,
suddenly narrowed and almost immediately terminated in the middle
of the plate, the margins sharply defined; furcula consisting of a pair
of juxtaposed, small, rounded lobes, scarcely perceptible by any projec-
tion; cerci broad at base and equal on basal fifth, but in the next two
fifths rapidly tapering, almost entirely by the falling slope of the upper
side, beyond subequal, bluntly pointed, longer than the supraanal plate
80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
and feebly compressed basally, scarcely incurved ; infracercal plate as
long as the supraanal by the apical prolongation of the narrowing plate.
Length of body, male, L7 mm.; antennae, 6 mm.; tegmina, 15 mm.;
hind femora, 9.25 mm.
One male. Mohave, Arizona, Wickham (L. Bruner).
In details of structure this species closely resembles Ae. arizonensis,
but is remarkable for its compressed form and its large and prominent
eyes, in which points it exceeds even that species.
19. BRADYNOTES.
(ftpadvvK), to loiter.)
Bradynotes SCUDDER, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 76.
Body stout, compact, heavy, generally, and especially in the female,
very broad at the metathorax. Head stout, slightly broader below
than above, the genae full ; eyes separated by a wide space, wider and
generally much wider than the broad frontal costa; front well rounded,
vertical, the frontal costa prominent, broad, and generally somewhat
sulcate, at least above; antennae slender for such bulky insects, equal,
shorter and generally much shorter than the hind femora. Thorax very
stout, the pronoturn very short, not covering the whole of the meso-
notum, truncate at either extremity, the metazona only about half as
long as the prozona and rugulose, while theprozona is smooth; lateral
lobes sometimes separated from the dorsum by distinct rugae. Pro-
sternal spine very much abbreviated, becoming in the female a mere
blunt tubercle, and in the male very short and conical; mesostethium
and metastethium together, in both sexes, but particularly in the female,
no longer or scarcely longer than broad; the interspace between the
mesosternal lobes wide in both sexes, but showing a remarkable degree
of variation quite unknown in any other of the genera of Melanopli;
the metasternal lobes distant, sometimes very distant, in the female,
approximate or moderately distant in the male. Tegmiua and wings
altogether wanting. Fore and middle femora of male tumid; hind
femora (excepting in B. hispida) rather short, moderately stout, reach-
ing beyond the abdomen in the male, but generally not in the female,
the upper carina smooth. Terminal abdominal joints of the female
short, with slightly exserted ovipositor, making the tip blunt, as in
Oedaleonotus and Aeoloplus, but perhaps to a greater degree; abdo-
men of male apically clavate, upturned, the subgenital plate long and
tumid, without apical tubercle; furcula absent or (in one species) rep-
resented by feeble lobes: cerci simple, conical, straight.
B. obesa (Thomas) is the type.
This somewhat remarkable genus is, so far as known, confined to the
extreme northwestern United States, but will probably be found also
in British Columbia. It extends from the Pacific to Montana and
Wyoming, and has so far been reported only north of the latitude of
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE M !: LA \OPLI SCUDDKli. 81
39. Excepting the monotypic Asemoplus found in the same region,
and some of the genera peculiar to the South, no other genus of
Melanopli has so limited a range.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BRADYNOTES.
A 1 . Interspace between the eyes not much greater than the least width of the frontal
costa; hind femora fully three times as long as pronotum and relatively slender; last
dorsal segment of male abdomen with slight lobes for furcula 1. li'ispida (p. 81).
A-. Interspace between the eyes nearly twice the least width of the frontal costa;
hind femora distinctly less than three times as long as prouotum and relatively
stout; last dorsal segment of male abdomen quite unarmed.
6 1 . Interspace between mesosternal lobes not (male) or at most a little (female)
wider than the lobes themselves, the metasternal lobes varying from subcontiguous
to a little more than half as distant as the mesostemal (male), or from more than
half to nearly as distant as the mesosternal lobes (female) ; male cerci about as
long as the supraanal plate.
c 1 . Interspace between mesosternal lobes scarcely more than half the width of
the lobes themselves (male) or not wider than they (female), the metasternal
lobes subcontiguous (male) ; last segment of male abdomen not greatly upturned.
d l . Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male scarcely more than half the
width of the lobes themselves, the metasternal interspaces in the female
hardly more than half as broad as the mesosternal 2. caurus (p. 83).
d 2 . Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male almost as wide as the lobes,
the metasternal interspace in the female fully three-quarters that of the meso-
sternal 3. expleta (p. 84).
c' 2 . Interspace between mesosterual lobes about equal to the width of the lobes
themselves (male) or a little wider (female), the metasternal lobes moderately
distant (male) or fully three-fourths as wide as the mesosternal interspace
(female) ; last segment of male abdomen considerably upturned.
d l . Hind tibiae wholly coral red 4. pinguis (p. 85).
d 2 . Hind tibiae red only on apical half.
e 1 . Relatively large. No great contrast in color between upper and lower
half of lateral lobes of pronotum, the lower portion not being very light ;
dark cross bands of hind femora crossing only the inner, not (or obscurely)
the outer half of the upper surface; outer face almost uniformly dark.
5. obesa (p. 87).
e j . Relatively small. The darker superior half of lateral lobes of pronotum
strongly contrasted with the lighter inferior half; dark cross bands of hind
femora crossing both inner and outer half of upper surface, the outer face
broken in color by their continuation 6. referta (p. 88).
6 2 . Interspace between mesosternal lobes considerably wider than (male) or twice
as wide as (female) the lobes themselves, the metasternal lobes nearly as distant;
male cerci not half so long as the supraanal plate 7. satur (p. 89).
i. BRADYNOTES HISPIDA.
(Plate VI, fig. 5.)
Pezotettix Uspidus BRUNER!, Can. Ent., XVII, 1885, pp. 12-14.
Body moderately stout, very slightly compressed, but little enlarged
in the metathoracic region, even in the female, feebly pilose. Head
full, the vertex gently tumid, the interspace between the eyes not
much greater than the least width of the frontal costa, the fastigium
considerably declivent, slightly expanding apically, broadly sulcate,
Proc. N. M. vol. xx 6
82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE I M. VOL.XX.
anteriorly punctate in the male, the lateral margins moderately prom-
inent but rounded 5 frontal costa moderately broad, a little broader
than the basal joint of the antennae, subequal, sulcate below the ocel-
lus and sparsely punctate; eyes moderately large, more prominent in
the male than in the female, about as long 'as the infraocular portion
of the genae, anteriorly truncate, especially in the female; antennae
a little more (male) or a little less (female) than half as long again
as head and pronotum together. Pronotum subequal, in the female
feebly constricted in the middle and slightly broadened posteriorly:
metazona less than half as long as the prozona, the posterior sulcus of
the latter as distinct as the anterior which divides it in the middle, all
the sulci cutting the slight and equal median carina; posterior mar-
gin truncate or very faintly and broadly emarginate; mesonotum fully
half (male) or distinctly less than half (female) as long as the meta-
notum. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes a little cuneiform,
about as large as (male) or a little larger than (female) the slightly
transverse lobes; interspace between the inetasterual lobes much less
than half (male) or considerably more than half (female) the width of
the mesosternal interspace. Fore and middle femora of male consid-
erably but not greatly inflated ; hind femora slender, twice as long as
head and pronotum together. Abdomen relatively slender, with a
sharp but slight median cariua, the extremity scarcely enlarged in
the male (as viewed from above) and but gently upturned; supraaual
plate of male shield shaped, the proximal half of the lateral margins
ridged and the broad median sulcus margined with prominent ridges,
higher in the proximal than the distal half; furcula consisting of a
pair of small, moderately distant beads; cerci as long as the supra-
anal plate, subcouical, but tapering much more rapidly in the basal
than the apical half, the tip very feebly down-curved ; iufracercal plate
of either side large, sulcate, much exposed, nearly meeting its mate,
and extending slightly beyond the supraanal plate.
The body is brownish ochraceous, heavily banded with blackish
brown, the proportions of the two varying somewhat. The head
(excepting the vertex and a broad stripe behind the eyes which are
blackish brown) and the fore and middle legs are dirty ochraceous,
darker in the female than in the male, with an olivaceous tinge, and the
same color is found on the whole under surface of the body and the lower
half or less of the lateral lobes of the pronotum ; the broad dark band
behind the eyes continues across the upper half of the lateral lobes
and the whole of the abdomen, bordered above by an ochraceous stripe,
which begins between the eyes, bordering their upper margin, and con-
tinues to the end of the abdomen, often becoming duller in color as it
approaches the extremity and is more narrowly separated from its
mate; sometimes the intervening dark stripe, which occupies most of
the vertex of the head, and is always broader anteriorly than posteri-
orly, is interrupted at the metazona and on the meso- and metanota, so
that the lighter bands here unite. Hind femora varying from brownish
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISC UDDER. 83
to yellowish fuscous, feebly clouded, especially above, with fuscous in
the middle and in the middle of the distal half, the under and inner
surfaces more or less deeply tinged with coral red; hind tibiae and
tarsi fusco-luteous, only the apical half or less* of the spines blackish or
brown.
Length of body, male, 18.5 mm., female, 21 mm.; antennae, male, 9.5
mm., female, 10.5 mm. ; pronotum, male, 3.6 mm., female, 4.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 10.75 mm., female, 12.5 mm.
One male, 3 females. Colville Valley, eastern Washington, July 24
(L. Bruner; Museum Comparative Zoology).
In the exceptional length of the hind femora, the feeble metathoracic
enlargement of the body, and the development of the furcula, as well as
in some minor features, this is the most aberrant species of the genus.
2. BRADYNOTES CAURUS, new species.
(Plate VI, fig. 6.)
Bradynotes opimus BRUNER!, Can. Ent., XVII (1885), p. 15.
Body similar in shape and clothing to B. hispida. Head full, the
vertex gently tumid, the interspace between the eyes twice as great as
the least width of the frontal costa, the fastigium strongly declivent,
narrowing rather than expanding anteriorly, broadly but shallowly
snlcate, the lateral margins rather prominent but rounded; frontal
costa rather broad, much broader than, sometimes twice as broad as,
the basal joint of the antennae, generally a little sulcate throughout,
especially in the male, punctate at the margins; eyes not very large,
scarcely more prominent in the male than in the female, about as long
as the infraocular portion of the genae, anteriorly truncate particularly
in the female; antennae a little longer (male) or a little shorter (female)
than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum subequal, expand-
ing posteriorly a very little, especially in the female; metazona half
(female) or slightly less than half (male) as long as the prozoua, the sulci
of the latter equally indistinct, and neither of them cutting the median
carina, which is nearly obliterated on the prozona, especially in the
female; posterior margin as in B. hispida; mesonotum more than half
(male) or less, sometimes much less, than half (female) as long as the
metanotum. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes as wide (female)
or hardly more than half as wide (male) as the lobes themselves, the
metasternal lobes subcontiguous (male) or half as distant as the meso
sternal (female). Fore and middle femora of male somewhat inflated;
hind femora short but not very stout, hardly half as long again as head
and pronotiyn together. Abdomen relatively rather slender with a slight
and blunt median carina, the extremity scarcely enlarged in the male, as
viewed from above, and but gently upturned. Supraanal plate of male
subtriangular with rounded apex, about equally long and broad, tumid
by reason of a pair of very coarse, elevated, rounded ridges, with a
84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
,very deep basal sulcus between them; furcula absent; cerci slightly
longer than the supraanal plate, subconical, faintly compressed, a
little downcurved apically, tapering with regularity; infracercal plates
inconspicuous.
Body griseo fuscous, mottled, the face and inferior surface of body
sordid brownish yellow, feebly punctate with fuscous. Vertex and
fastigium brownish fuscous, the lateral margins of the latter feebly
enlivened witli orange, and the former mottled or streaked with livid
brown. Both thorax and abdomen are heavily mottled with blackish
fuscous, much more heavily in some individuals than in others, which
is apt to be conspicuous in a pair of subdorsal bands, sometimes con-
fined to the posterior edges of the segments, and to leave a narrow
lighter dorsal stripe between them; the lower portion of the lateral
lobes of the pronotum is always lighter than the upper half, which is
often marked by a more or less distinct, sometimes abbreviated, broad
black or blackish band, generally deeper in tint on its inferior half.
Hind femora blackish fuscous feebly clouded with dull yellowish, the
whole under surface and under portion of its outer face clay yellow;
hind tibiae light coral red (male) or dark coral red on apical half and
extreme base, passing into purplish red on the basal half (female), the
spines blackish on their apical half at most.
Length of body, male, 16.75 mm., female, 21 mm.; antennae, male,
female, 3.5 mm.; pronotum, male, 3.65 mm., female, 4.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 10 mm., female, 11.75 mm.
Two males, 6 females. Yakima River opposite Ellen sburg, Kittitas
County, Washington, July 8-9 (Museum Comparative Zoology;
U.S.N.M. [No. 718]); Camp Umatilla, Washington, June 27 (Museum
Comparative Zoology) ; Oregon City, Clackamas County, Oregon, July,
W. G. W. Harford.
3. BRADYNOTES EXPLETA, new species.
(Plate VI, fig. 7.)
Body similar in shape and clothing to B. hispida, except that it is
relatively a trifle stouter at the metathorax, especially in the female.
Head broad and full, the vertex gently tumid, the interspace between
the eyes nearly or quite twice as great as the least width of the frontal
costa, the fastigium strongly declivent, shallowly sulcate, the lateral
margins rather prominent, especially in the male, but rounded; frontal
costa rather broad, considerably broader than the basal joint of the
antennae, feebly sulcate if at all, and sparsely punctate, especially at
the margins; eyes as in B. caurus (antennae more or less broken in all
specimens seen). Pronotum regularly expanding posteriorly, very
slightly in the male, distinctly but not greatly in the female; metazona
about half as long as the prozona, the sulci of the former equally but
feebly impressed, all cutting the feeble median carina, which is obso
lescent on the prozona in the female ; mesonotum nearly half (female) or
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEB. 85
much less than half (male) as long as the metanotum. Interspace
between the mesosternal lobes almost as broad as the lobes themselves
(male, female), the metasternal lobes slightly distant (male) or fully
three-fourths as distant as the mesosternal lobes (female). Femora as
in 7?. caurus. Abdomen relatively slender, compressed, with a distinct
but not prominent median carina, the extremity in the male slightly
enlarged, as seen from above, and somewhat upturned; terminal
appendages of male differing from those of B. caurus only in that the
supraamil plate is a little more pointed, and the cerci coarser, a trifle
shorter, more bluntly tipped, and not curved downward so much
apically.
Body brownish fuscous above, sordid yellow below. Face livid brown,
flecked with fuscous points ; the ridged margins of the fastigium coral
red, at least in. the male; behind the eyes, in front of the position for
the lateral carinae of the pronotum, is the beginning of a slender and
feeble yellowish stripe, which crosses interruptedly to the pronotum
and is there lost; below it, the upper half of the lateral lobes are dark
brown, almost blackish, at least on the prozona, while below the lobes
are much lighter colored. The abdomen is more or less flecked, espe-
cially laterally, at the posterior margins of the segments with testaceous,
and there is a more or less conspicuous or broken piceous lateral band
on the basal half of the abdomen. The hind femora are colored as in
B. caurus, but the hind tibiae are coral red in the male, sordid yellow
apically tinged with red in the female, feebly incurved, the spines black
tipped. Lower external half of anal cerci of male distinctly darker
than the upper.
Length of body, male, 16.25 mm., female, 28 mm.; pronotum, male,
4 mm., female, 4.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 8.25 mm., female, 14 mm.
Two males, 1 female. Easton, Kittitas County, Washington (U.S.X.M.
[No. 719]).
This species is very closely allied indeed to B. caurus.
4. BRADYNOTES PINGUIS, new species.
(Plate VI, fig. 8.)
Body stout and clumsy, considerably enlarged in the metathoracic
region, especially in the female, weakly and briefly pilose. Head full,
the vertex gently tumid, the interspace between the eyes broad, about
twice the breadth of the narrowest part of the frontal costa, the fastig-
ium strongly declivent, considerably but broadly sulcate, its lateral
margins ridged, continuous with the sometimes elevated, always dark-
colored bortlers of the frontal costa; the latter broad, much broader than
the basal joint of the antennae, variably sulcate, punctate but sparsely
except on the margins; eyes rather large, more prominent in the male
than in the female, equally truncate anteriorly in the two sexes, as long
as the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae somewhat louger
(male) or a trifle shorter (female) than head and pronotum together.
86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
Pronotuin regularly, and in the female considerably, enlarging posteri-
orly, with distinct (male) or indistinct (female) lateral carinae on the
prozona, which is twice (male) or almost twice (female) as long as the
metazona, its sulci approximated and equally distinct, but not so dis-
tinct as that separating the pro- and metazona and, unlike it, not cut-
ting the median carina, which is yet often subobsolete on the prozona
and especially on its posterior half, particularly in the female; exposed
portion of mesonotuin about half (male) or hardly more than. a fourth
(female) as long as the metanotuin. Interspace between the rneso-
sternal lobes three-fourths (male) or fully (female) as wide as the lobes
themselves, the metasternal interspace half (male) or three-fourths
(female) the width of the mesosternal interspace. Fore and middle
femora pretty strongly inflated and arcuate in the male, the hind
femora stout and heavy, hardly if at all more than half as long again
as head and pronotnm combined, the hind tibiae stout. Abdomen
stout, tapering and then apically enlarged and considerably upturned
in the male; supraanal plate of male triangular, shorter than its basal
breadth, with a pair of broad, gently tumid ridges, which unite into a
single median ridge, leaving between them in the basal half a shallow
sulcus; furcula wanting; cerci as long as the supraanal plate, sub
conical, slightly compressed, tapering a little more rapidly in basal
than in apical half, rather blunt at tip, straight throughout; infracercal
plate much shorter than the supraanal, scarcely perceptible.
Body brownish fuscous above much marked with clay yellow, beneath
almost wholly clay yellow, more or less infuscated in the female. The
head is more or less obscure yellow, the vertex at summit brownish fus-
cous, limited at most to a narrow median and two equally narrow sub-
median streaks, the latter continued along the marginal ridges of the
fastigium down the sides of the frontal costa, but at the apical third of
the fastigium more or less interrupted by or suffused with dull red; the
antennae are yellow at base, gradually passing into fuscous. On the
dorsum of the thorax and the front at least of the abdomen, the fuscous
is more or less obscurely punctate or flecked with yellowish, and along
the median line of the abdomen there is a distinct yellowish stripe begin-
ning on the meso- and metanota as a mere thread; the prevailing tint
of the lateral lobes of the pronotum is yellowish, but there is a more or
less distinct blackish fuscous oblique bar on the prozoua just above the
middle, merging posteriorly in the general obscurity of the metazona;
there is a distinct broad blackish fuscous oblique band crossing the
meso- and metapleura, and the middle of the sides of the basal abdomi-
nal segments are piceous. The fore and middle legs are fusco-luteous;
the hind femora yellowish, more or less obscured with fuscous and
spotted with fuscous on the inner upper face and the outer face, which
is generally almost black along its upper half; hind tibiae and tarsi
coral red, brighter in the male than in the female, the external series
of spines yellow with black apices. The sides of the supraanal plate of
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 87
the male show a black stripe, and the cerci, mesially yellow, are
obscured with fuscous both above and below.
Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 25.5 mm.; antennae, male,
8 mm., female, 9 mm. ; pronotum, male, 4.75 mm., female, 5.5 mm.;
hind femora, male, 12.5 mm., female, 14.25 mm.
Five males, 2 females. Washington, Morrison (U.S.N.M. [No. 720]);
Reno, Washoe County, Nevada, Hillman (L. Bruuer). Other specimens
of Morrison's collecting in the collection of Mr. S. Henshaw were
labeled by Morrison as coming from North Carolina, but of course by
mistake; in all probability they came from Washington; he collected
in both these States.
5. BRADYNOTES OBESA.
(Plate VI, fig. 9.)
Pesoiettix obesus THOMAS!, Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1872), pp. 454-
455, pi. n, figs. 13, 14. GLOVER, 111. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pi. n, figs. 13,
14. THOMAS!, Rep. . U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 146; Proc. Dav.
Acad. Nat. Sc., I (1876), p. 259. STAL, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V,
No. 9 (1878), p. 15.
Bradynotes obcsa SCUDDER !, Can. Ent., XII (1880), pp. 75-76.
Bradynotes opiums SCUDDER!, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., II (1881), app., p. 24.
Body wholly similar in form and clothing to that of B. pinguis, or it
is even stouter in the metathoracic region in the female. Head not
differing essentially from B. pinguis, and eyes and antennae with the
same structure. Pronotum with similar but rather less distinct and
continuous lateral carinae; metazona half (male) or distinctly less than
half (female) the length of the prozona, the two sulci of the latter
approximated, the hinder of them less distinct than the anterior, which
is as well marked as that separating the prozona from the metazoua,
but neither traverse the median carina, which is equal and distinct
though slight throughout; exposed portion of mesonotum half (male)
or much less than half (female) as long as the metanotum. Sternal
interspaces as in B. pinguis, as also the femora. Abdomen stout,
with a more or less distinct median carina, in the male tapering and
then apically enlarging and upturned; supraanal plate of male tri-
angular, as long as its basal breadth, otherwise as in B. pinguis; fur-
cula absent; cerci as long as the supraanal plate, straight, tapering
regularly in the basal three-fifths, beyond equal or subequal, blunt
tipped ; infracercal plates blunt tipped, reaching the tip of the supraanal
plate.
General color blackish griseous, more or less necked with brown.
Face and genae below the eyes varying from pale to pinkish livid, punc-
tate with black, especially below, and divided by black stripes following
the edges of the frontal costa and the lateral carinae of the face and
also, generally, the arcuate posterior carinae of the genae, and an oblique
line of punctures subparallel to it below the middle of the geiiae; summit
of head with a median and a pair of arcuate lateral narrow black stripes,
88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
the former the darker, the latter extending upon the lateral margins of
the fastigium, on the anterior part of which they are supplanted by
red ; antennae testaceous near the base, blackish beyond. Prozona with
a large central blackish spot on the disk, inclosing a pair of testaceous
dots, laterally disposed ; anterior and posterior margins of the pronotum,
especially in the female, occasionally enlivened feebly with red; lateral
lobes lighter below than above, speckled, with a broad, somewhat
broken, black median baud crossing the prozona. Abdomen varying
from grizzly to blackish, the posterior edges of the segments dotted
with minute longitudinal spots, and some of the posterior segments
marked with a central, triangular, testaceous spot, seated on the pos-
terior border. Hind femora with the outer face generally altogether
black, occasionally lighter and marked with a central, oblique, pale dash
above; upper and lower faces pale testaceous, the inner side of the
upper face with a pair of black bars; hind tibiae deep purplish at base
(with the basal outer tubercle deep red) passing into deep red beyond
the middle, the under surface clay yellow; the spines of the basal half
pale, of the apical half reddish, all black tipped. Male cerci clay yellow,
edged below with blackish ; supraaual plate yellow mesially, blackish
laterally.
Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male, 9.5
mm., female, 10.5 mm.; pronotum, male, 5.5 mm., female, 5 mm.; hind
femora, male and female, 12.25 mm.
Thirteen males, 20 females. Sierra Nevada, July 17-22, Baron Osten-
Sacken; Mount Shasta, northern California, at forest line, A. S. Pack-
ard ; Siskiyou County, California (U.S.N.M. Kiley collection) ; southern
Montana, C. Thomas (U.S.N.M. [No. 721]); Montana (tl.S.N.M. Eiley
collection); Helena, Montana (L. Bruner); Humboldt Eiver, Nevada,
August, S. W. Burrison (S. Henshaw). It is also credited by Thomas
to Wind River, Wyoming; to a point 40 miles from Virginia City,
Montana, at a height of 8,000 feet; and to the dividing ridge between
Idaho and southern Montana.
Since describing B. opimus, I have been able to compare it with the
types of Thomas's Pezotettix obesus and find they are not distinct. The
species is very close to B. pinguis, but differs from it in its markings,
particularly in its darker antennae, its much less developed median
abdominal stripe and its differently colored hind tibiae, and also in the
more continuous and more developed median carina on pronotum and
abdomen, and the slightly differing abdominal appendages of the male.
It is evidently the commonest and most widely spread of the species of
Bradynotes.
6. BRADYNOTES REFERTA, new species.
(Plate VI, fig. 10.)
Body similar in form to that of B. Mspida, but with excessively sparse
and feeble pilosity. Head full, the vertex gently tumid, the interspace
between the eyes twice as broad as the narrowest part of the frontal
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCUDDER. 89
costa, the fastigiuin declivent, shallowly sulcate, with elevated rounded
margins, continuous with the slightly elevated margins of the upper
part of the frontal costa. The latter broad, subequal, feebly broaden-
ing below, much broader than the basal joint of the antennae, feebly
sulcate in the male, and sparsely punctate; eyes not very large, slightly
more prominent, and anteriorly slightly less truncate in the male than
in the female; antennae about as long as (female) or a little longer
than (male) the head and pronotum together. Pronotum subequal, but
slightly enlarging posteriorly, especially in the female, with the Mutest
possible indications of lateral carinae in the male, the metazona, espe-
cially in the male, fully half as long as the prozona, the sulci of the
latter scarcely less distinct than the principal sulcus, and similar, cut-
ting the median carina, which is often but not always obsolete between
the sulci and sometimes over the whole prozona; exposed portion of
mesonotum fully half (female) or less than half (male) as long as the
metanotum. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes fully equal to
the lobes themselves (male, female), the metasternal interspace half
(male) or much more than half (female) as wide as the mesosternal.
Fore and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora
moderately stout, about two and a half times as long as the pronotum.
Abdomen with a distinct median carina, a little compressed, in the male
tapering from the base, scarcely enlarged apically, but considerably
upturned; supraaual plate of male fully as long as its basal breadth,
dorsally ridged as in B. obesa; no furcula; cerci slightly longer than the
supraanal plate, slightly compressed but externally tumid, tapering
on the basal half, the apical subequal, moderately stout, slightly down-
curved and rounded at the extremity; infracercal plates produced on
the inner side nearly to the extremity of the supraanal plate.
General color and markings much as in B. obesa, but with lighter col-
ored antennae, and with the upper half of the lateral lobes of the pro-
notum very dark, generally forming a distinct broad baud in marked
contrast to the lower half of the same, and in the female in contrast to
the somewhat lighter griseous disk of the pronotum, the band crossing
the metazona as well as the prozona. There is no red coloring upon the
pronotum. Hind femora and tibiae as well as abdominal appendages
similar in color to B. obesa, but the hind femora more variable.
Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 20.25 mm.; antennae, male, 7.5
mm., female, 7 mm.; pronotum, male, 4 mm., female, 4.1 mm.; hind fem-
ora, male, 10 mm., female, 10.25 mm.
Two males, 3 females. Soldier, Logan County, Idaho (L. Bruner);
inouutains\iear Lake Tahoe, California, Captain Wheeler's expedition
of 1876.
7. BRADYNOTES SATUR, new species.
(Plate VII, fig. 1.)
Body entirely similar to B. pinguis in form and vestiture. Head full,
the vertex scarcely (male) or considerably (female) tumid, the inter-
space between the eyes much greater than the narrowest part of the
90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
frontal costa, but not nearly twice so broad, the fastigium very strongly
declivent, sulcate, with prominent lateral ridges which apically diverge
slightly; frontal costa broad, considerably broader than the basal joint
of the antennae, not constricted above, more or less sulcate, especially
in the male, fading just below the ocellus, and very feebly punctate;
eyes not very large, more prominent in the male than in the female,
and roundly truncate anteriorly, alike in both sexes, but only in the
male as long as the intraocular portion of the genae; antennae consid
erably longer (male) or somewhat shorter (female) than head and pro
notum together. Pronotuin regularly enlarged posteriorly, a little more
in the female than in the male, with no trace of lateral carinae, the pro-
zoua fully twice (male) or nearly thrice (female) as long as the metazona,
its approximated sulci similar to but less distinct than the principal
sulcus, and like it continuous, the median carina hardly existing except
on the metazona, where it is feeble; exposed part of mesonotum about
half as long as the inetanotum (male, female), the posterior border of
the latter slightly (male) or distinctly (female) emarginate. Interspace
between mesosternal lobes considerably wider than (male) or twice as
wide as (female) the lobes themselves, the metasternal interspace nearly
as great. Fore and middle femora very slightly tumid in the male, the
hind femora moderately slender, nearly two and a half times as long as
the prouotura. Abdomen stout with a distinct but slight median carina
in the male, tapering on the basal half, hardly enlarging apically but
considerably upturned; supraanal plate of male small, triangularly
shield shaped, broader than long, apically angulate, with an unimpor-
tant sulcate median ridge on basal half meeting a transverse ridge,
beyond which it is depressed; no furcula; cerci very short, conical,
blunt, not reaching beyond the middle of the supraanal plate; infra-
cereal plates large, mesially ridged, reaching as far as the supraanal
plate.
Body griseo-fuscous, flecked and tinted with sordid luteo-fuscous,
lighter beneath, darker above. The vertex and mesial parts of the fas-
tigium are fuscous, the lateral ridges of the latter lighter colored, but
without a trace of red. The lower half of the lateral lobes of the pro-
notum are as light as the under surface, and the upper half as dark
as any other part of the body, so as to form a faint dark baud, but the
contrasts are not great; the meso- and inetauota, and the posterior
borders of the abdominal segments are nearly black; the antennae are
sordid luteous at the base, fuscous beyond. Hind femora externally
clouded and feebly twice banded obliquely with fuscous; hind tibiae
very dull luteous, clouded apically with fuscous in the female, the spines
black or brown tipped.
Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 28 mm.; antennae, male, 7.25
mm., female, 8 mm.; pronotum, male, 3.25 mm., female, 4.6 mm.; hind
femora, male, 8.5 mm., female, 11.5 mm.
One male, 1 female. Placer County, California, September (U.S.N.M.
[No. 722]. Eiley collection).
NO. 1124. RE VISION OF THE MELA XOPLISC UDDER. 9 1
This species is remarkable for the slenderness of the fore and middle
femora of the male and the brevity of the cerci, exposing so fully the
infracercal plates; it has considerably longer hind legs than B. referta,
which it most resembles in general appearance.
2O. DENDROTETTIX.
(devdpov, a tree; rern, a grasshopper.)
Dendrotettix RILEY, Proc. Ent. Soc.Wash., I (1888), p. 86 name only; Ins. Life,
V (1893), pp. 254-255.
Body stout, compact, transversely subquadrate, thinly pilose. Head
large, broad, a little prominent, with the eyes fully as wide, at least in
the male, as the length of the lateral carinae of the raetazona, the sum-
mit well arched, raised a little above the level of the pronotum, the
fastigiuni rapidly descending and forming an obtuse angle with the very
straight and slightly receding face; eyes rather small but very promi-
nent in both sexes, nearly as broad as long and no longer (female) or
scarcely longer (male) than the anterior infraocular portion of the
geuae; interspace between the eyes exceptionally broad, in the female
nearly as broad as the upper aspect of the eyes; fastigiuni feebly con-
vex as far as the front margin of the eyes, in front of which it is
depressed; frontal costa only moderately broad, much narrower than
the interspace between the eyes, obsolescent below the ocellus j owing
to the breadth of the face, the lateral carinae are more than usually
divergent; antennae slender, long, about half as long as the body, oven
in the female. Pronotum feebly subsellate, the anterior margin flaring
to receive the head, and the inetazona both expanding and having its
dorsum raised at a slight angle with the prozona; front margin slightly
convex; hind margin slightly more convex, feebly emargiuate, even in
the macropterous forms; disk of prozona feebly convex transversely,
of metazona plane, passing with a distinct angle into the vertical lateral
lobes, more distinct on inetazona than on prozona, so that, at least on
the inetazona, there are distinct lateral carinae, besides a well-defined
percurrent, median carina; prozona smooth excepting its subrugose
anterior margin, subtrans verse, half as long again as the punctato-
rugulose metazona, cut rather deeply in the middle by a straight trans-
verse sulcus, followed at less than half the distance to the inetazona
by a still deeper, scarcely arcuate, percurrent sulcus, from which there
runs backward, on the middle of either side, a short impressed line.
Prosternal spine stout, erect, conical; meso- and metastethia together
distinctly longer than broad in both sexes, rapidly narrowing behind,
so that the portion posterior to the metasternal lobes is only about half
the greatest width of the metastethium; interval between the meso-
sternal lobes in both sexes distinctly transverse, broader than the lobes
themselves; metasternal lobes rather distant (male) or distant (female),
at least as widely separated as the breadth of the frontal costa.
Tegmina fully developed or abbreviate, their inner edges in neither
92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
case attingent at the base, at least in the female, in macropterous forms
of exceptional breadth, especially in the distal half, broadly rounded
apically, in micropterous forms no longer than the pronotum, well
rounded apically. 1 Fore arid middle femora a little tumid in the male;
hind femora not very long iior stout, subcompressed ; hind tibiae with
nine to eleven, usually ten, spines in the outer series; aroliuin of un-
usual size. Extremity of the male abdomen not clavate, but upturned
and bluntly rounded, the lateral margins of the subgeuital plate
strongly ainpliate at the base, the plate itself of unequal and of narrow
breadth, well rounded apically; cerci short, a little torqueate, apically
depressed; furcula obscure; ovipositor normally exserted.
A single species occurs from Illinois to Texas, a tree-inhabiting
species, living upon oaks.
DENDROTETTIX QUERCUS.
(Plate VII, fig. 2.)
Dendrotettix quercua RILEY !, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., I (1888), p. 86 [undescribed].
PACKARD, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., V (1890), pp. 214-215 [descriptions of
immature forms only]. BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 28
[name only] .
Dendrotettix Jongipennia RILEY MS. fide BRUNER!, Can. Eut., XXIII (1891), pp.
191-192 [undescribed]. BRUNER, Ins. Life, IV (1891), p. 20 [undescribed] ;
Bull. Div. Eut. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXVII (1892), p. 33 [uudescribed]. RILEY !,
Ins. Life, V (1893), p. 255 [first description]. BRUNER!, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S.
Dep. Agric., XXVIII (1893), p. 14-15, fig. 4.
DendrotettixlongipennisvaT. quercua RILEY!, Ins. Life,V(1893), p.256 [undescribed].
\_Post-oalc locust, BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XIII (1887), pp. 17-19.]
Body flavous and navo-testaceous, marked with piceous. Head,
excepting summit, flavous, more or less infuscated or clouded with
olivaceo-fuscous, the summit brownish testaceous, with very variable
blackish markings, sometimes consisting of a median posterior dash,
sometimes of a pair of divergent stripes, sometimes longitudinally
combed with black; there is a broad and greatly widening black stripe
behind the whole eye; front of fastigium very broadly sulcate; frontal
costa and whole face very sparsely punctate, the former broadly sulcate
as far down as and including the ocellus; antennae flavous, sometimes a
little infuscated. Pronoturn navo-testaceous above, the metazona dis-
tinctly olivaceous, the median carina heavily marked in black; upper
half or rather more of the lateral lobes with a piceous band, occasion-
ally obsolescent on the metazona, and often distinct only at its upper
and lower margins, especially the former, the- remainder flavous; abdo-
men banded with black along the sides. Tegmina lighter or darker
'In the United States National Museum there is a single female from Texas in
which the tegmina extend a little more than halfway to the tip of the abdomen and
are of a very ditferent shape, the basal third gradually and normally broadening,
but beyond tapering rather rapidly, so that the rounded tip is narrower than the
base; it looks like an abnormal development.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEE. 93
testaceous, the veins more or less flavous; wings (according to Riley;
I have not seen spread specimens) u rather dark, becoming somewhat
pellucid near their base, the veins dusky, especially on the apical half.' 7
Fore and middle legs flavous; hind femora luteo-testaceous, sometimes
suffused with sanguineous, with two broad fuscous bands, aiitemedian
and postmediau, the inner and lower face sanguineous, the whole geuic-
ulation black, preceded by a lemon-yellow annulus; hind tibiae black
at base, beyond iiavo-luteous, often, with the exception of a post-basal
annulus, more or less olivaceous, the spines, excepting their anterior
base, black. Subgenital plate of male wholly black ; supraanal plate
long triangular, with slightly convex sides, the surface transversely
arched, with a pair of approximate, slight, longitudinal ridges, meeting
rather abruptly beyond the middle and inclosing a shallow basal
sulcus, the sides of the plate with a median, transverse, pyramidal
tubercle; furcula consisting of a pair of rather distant, very slight,
triangular projections, overlying the submedian ridges; cerci very
short, small, rather stout, twisted a half circle, apically depressed and
the tip bluntly rounded ; infracercal plates of exceptional size, very broad
at base, gradually narrowing and reaching the tip of the supraanal
plate.
Length of body, male, 24.25 mm., female, 29 mm.; antennae, male, 14
mm., female, 13 mm.; tegmiua (long-winged), male, 21 mm., female, 23.5
mm.; (short-winged), male, 5 mm., female, G mm.; hind femora, male,
13.5 mm., female, 13 mm.
Six males, 11 females. Missouri (U.S.N.M. [No. 723]. Eiley collec-
tion; L. Bruner); De Soto, Jefferson County, Missouri, July 8, T. Per-
gande (U.S.N.M. [No. 723]); Washington County, Texas, June (Bruner);
Dallas, Texas (U.S.N.M. [No. 723]); Manor, Travis County, Texas, July
13, E. Hill (U.S.N.M. [No. 723]). It is said by Bruner to occur also in
southeastern Nebraska, southern Iowa, and Illinois.
I have retained the name quercus rather than longipennis for this
species for several reasons: It was first called by this name both by
Eiley and Bruner; it was first described in its earlier stages under this
name by Packard (copying Bruuer's description, which was unaccom-
panied by a name); and the name is a far more fitting one than Jongi-
pennis, considering that the insect appears both in brachypterotis and
macropterous forms, and that it is normally brachypterous, as the basal
divergence of the tegmina shows. It may also be called a mistake (in
which entomologists generally have erred, myself among them) to give
any species of Orthoptera a name derived from the length or brevity of
the tegmina. On the other hand, indubitably the species was first fully
described from mature examples under the name longipennis, a name
given by Riley on the assumption that it was distinct from his earlier
named quercus. As both names were given by the same naturalist, no
personal question enters, and I trust that in this settlement of the ques-
tion at its first raising all will agree.
94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. xx.
Our knowledge of the natural history of this species depends almost
entirely upon what Bruner wrote in his first account of it in 1887,
before it was named. He found it in destructive numbers in Washing-
ton County, Texas, feeding upon the post oak and a completely defoli-
ating the trees of the forest even to the very topmost twigs. 77 He gives
the following account of its history and habits:
The egg pods are deposited in the ground about the bases of trees or indifferently
scattered abont the surface among the decaying leaves, etc., like those of all other
ground-laying species. The young commence hatching about the middle of March,
and continue to appear until into April. After molting the first time and becoming
a little hardened they immediately climb np the trunks of the trees and bushes of
all kinds and commence feeding upon the new and tender foliage. They molt at
least five or six times, if we may take the variation in size and difference in the
development of the rudiments of wings as a criterion. The imago or mature stage
is reached by the last of May or during the first part of June.
The species is very active and shy in all its stages of growth after leaving the egg.
The larva and pupa run up the trunks and along the limbs of trees with considerable
speed, and in this respect differ considerably from all other species of locusts with
which I am acquainted. I am informed that the mature insects are also equally
wild and fly like birds. They feed both by day and night; and I am told by those
who have passed through the woods after night, when all else was quiet, that the
noise produced by the grinding of their jaws was not unlike the greedy feeding of
swine.
The colors of the insect in life during the early stages are given in
the same place by Bruner and copied by Packard.
Kiley had previously reared the species in Missouri on oaks.
21. PODISMA.
(Ilodidjuo?, measuring by feet.)
Podisma LATREILLE, Cuvier, Regne Anirn., V (1829), p. 188.
Fezotettix BURMEISTER, Germar, Zeitschr. Ent., II (1840), p. 51.
Form of body and of head as in Melanoplus; antennae as there, but
rarely (Podisma variegata, e. g.) they are as long as the hind femora.
Prouotum variable, but always short, sometimes subcylindrical, some-
times (and especially in the female) expanding considerably from in front
backward, never mesially contracted, generally with very feeble trans-
verse sulci, the lateral lobes obliquely truncate apically on the anterior
section; front margin truncate, hind margin usually subtruucate or
truncate and even emarginate, but sometimes also very obtusaugulate,
the prozona generally considerably longer than the metazona, sometimes
twice as long, smooth or very faintly punctate, the metazona generally
very densely punctate; median cariua distinct, but sometimes slight on
the metazona, generally feeble sometimes obsolete on the prozoua; lat-
eral carinae very variable, the disk sometimes passing quite insensibly
into the lateral lobes, sometimes so abruptly and angularly as to form
tolerably distinct lateral carinae. Prosternal spine always prominent,
generally bluntly conical; meso- and metastethia together, at least in
the male and nearly always in both sexes, distinctly longer than the
width of the metastethium, the latter narrowing posteriorly, so that the
NO. 1124. EE VIS ION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 95
portion behind the metasternal lobes is not (or is hardly) more than
half the greatest width of the metastethiuin and is twice as broad as
long; interspace between inesosternal lobes of male distinctly trans-
verse, 1 as broad or almost as broad as the lobes themselves; of the
female distinctly or strongly transverse, often fully twice as broad as
long, generally as broad as and sometimes broader than the lobes them-
selves; metasternal lobes of male generally distinctly distant, occa-
sionally approximate, never attingent; of the female generally more dis-
tant, the interspace in the latter sex generally as broad as or broader
than the frontal costa. Tegmina never fully developed, often wholly
wanting, and when present either lateral, and then generally shorter
than the short pronotum, or else attingent or overlapping, and then at
most reaching the middle of the hind femora, and usually subacuminate.
Hind femora moderately long and slender, the inferior geuicular lobe
as in Melanoplus and the spines of the hind tibiae generally rather fewer
than in that genus, nine to eleven, by exception eight or twelve, in
number in the outer series. Abdomen more or less compressed, the
sides of the first segment with or (in some apterous Old World forms)
without a distinct tympanum, the extremity in the male more or less
clavate and recurved; subgenital plate of very variable form, often
prolonged to a distinct apical conical tubercle involving the apical
margin, the lateral margins basally ampliate; cerci very variable, but
to a less degree than in Melauoplus, not infrequently styliform, of vari-
able length; furcula usually developed, but only at most to a small
degree; ovipositor of female variable, typically exserted, but sometimes
exceptionally extended and at others partially withdrawn in the then
obtusely terminating abdomen.
The limits between this genus and Melanoplus are difficult to formu-
late; while there is no difficulty in separating the bulk of the species
in either group, there are a number which find their place almost
equally well in either. I have here attempted to state anew the char-
acters first expressed by Stal, though with such necessary modifica-
tions and expansions as a far larger series of forms entails. I can
hardly hope that the conclusions I have reached will be sustained at
every point, but I am confident that they must hold in the main. In
doubtful cases I have endeavored to determine the affinities from the
concurrent study of both sexes and not from either alone, which would
have brought about other and sometimes discordant results; and I
have assigned the greatest weight to the intervals between the sternal
lobes.
As I have here employed a different generic term from that in cur-
rent use in literature, I submit the following cogent reasons for the
necessity of the change:
The generic name Podisma was proposed in a Gallic form (Podisme)
1 A single exception is known to ine in the subapterous Japanese Podisma dairixama,
where it is slightly longitudinal.
96 'PRO GEE DINGS OF THE NA TIONA L MUSE UM.
by Latreille l in 1825 for short- winged Acridians with a prosternal spine,
without specification of species. Its next use was by the same author
in 1829 2 in its proper Latin form, and the European species now known
as Pezotettix pedestris and Platypliyma giornae referred to it. The same
two species, and these only, are again referred to Podisma by Serville 3
in 1831, and to the same as a subgenus of Acridium by the same writer
in 1839. 4 Burin eister, 5 however, in 1840, refers these same species, and
these only to a new genus Pezotettix, to which he gives as a synonym
"Podisma Latreille ex parte:" In Burmeister's view the other portion
of Latreille's genus included such species as Stenobothrus parallelus
and Chrysochraon dispar. 6 But these latter species are excluded by
Latreille's definition, and in his writings I can not find that he has ever
mentioned any other species as appertaining to the genus than the two
first mentioned above.
The only other authors who had at this time employed the term were
Brulle 7 in 1832, who (as quoted by Fischer) referred to it only species
of Stethophyma and Stenobothru*] Heyer, 8 who in 1835 (?) employed it
for Chrysochraon dispar; Stephens, 9 who in 1835 had referred pedestris
only to it; and Costa, 10 who in 1836 had referred to it four supposed
new species appulum, campanum^ calabrum, and coimnnnis, the first
two of which are now regarded as synonyms of Acridium aegyptium L.,
the third as probably a Pamphagus, and the last as giornae. In view
of the limitation of the genus by Serville (if Latreille ever intended
its greater extension), this action of Brulle and of Costa has no force,
and hence, if the name Pezotettix can be retained at all, it must be by
regarding one of the two original species as the type of Pezotettix^ the
other of Podisma.
As far as I can discover, the first author to refer the two species to
distinct genera was Fieber, 11 who in June, 1853 referred giornae to his
new genus Pelecyelus, and pedestris to Podisma. Also in 1853, but
later, his introduction being dated November, H. Fischer 12 referred the
former species to his new genus Platypliyma and the latter to Pezotettix.
Fischer has been generally followed, but it is plain that Platypliyma
must give way to Pelecyclus, which in its turn must yield precedence to
Pezotettix^ of which giornae becomes the type, while pedestris becomes
the type of Podisma.
'Fam. Nat., p. 415.
s Cuvier, Regue Auim., V, p. 188.
s Rev. Me"th. Orth., pp. 98-99.
'Hist. Nat, Orth., pp. < 79-681.
f Germar, Zeitschr. Ent., II, p. 51.
^Compare Handb. Ent., II, p. 650, where "Podisma Latreille ex parte" is giveii as
the equivalent of certain unnamed divisions.
7 Exp. Horde.
''Germar, Faun. Ins., fasc. 17.
Illustr., Hand., VI, p. 29.
10 Faun. Reg. Nap., pp. 43-48.
11 Lotos, III, p. 119.
12 Orth. Eur.,pp. 369,374.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 97
The early use of the term Podisma previous to 1853 and after 1829
(other than given above) also sufficiently confirms the appropriateness
of restoring Podixma for the species now generally included in Pezotettix;
for Fischer de \Valdheim 1 in 1840 used it for six species, of which the
first three belong to Pezotettix of modern writers, the next two to
Chrysochraon, while the last is not recognizable; von Borck in 1848 2
refers to it pedestris and frigida; and finally H. Fischer himself first
used it in 1849 3 forfrigida. His reasons later 4 for supplanting Podisma
by rezotettix can not be defended.
The type of Podisma is therefore Gryllus pedestris Linnaeus.
This genus is more widely extended than any other of the Melanopli,
being the only one not confined to America. It is a distinctly boreal
type and encircles the globe. The species are largely confined to high
altitudes as well as high latitudes, a number being alpine or snbalpiue in
their respective localities. In this country the species are known from
two widely separated regions; in the west, the Rocky Mountain region
from Alberta to northern New Mexico; and in the east from western
Ontario and New York to Maine. In Europe they are largely confined
to the mountains of southern Europe from the Pyrenees to Mount Par-
nassus or to Scandinavia; in Asia their distribution is less known,
but species occur in eastern Siberia and in Japan.
In the following pages I have fully described only the American
species, which are first treated separately; but I have thought well to
complete the account of the Melanopli by including the Old World
species as far as possible, figuring their abdominal appendages, giving
a separate table for their determination, and adding brief diagnoses of
two species which are unpublished. Their synonomy and distribution
are mostly compiled from Brunner's Prodromus Eur. Orthopteren.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF PODISMA.
A 1 . Tegraina wanting; upper valves of ovipositor elongate, straight, only faintly
falciform apically; hind border of pronotum truncate or feebly emarginate.
6'. Hind femora almost uniformly green ; furcula of male extending over the su-
praaual plate by twice the length of the last dorsal segment ; cerci relatively
stout, in the middle distinctly more than half as broad as the base.
I.glaciali8(p.98).
b z . Hind femora conspicuously fasciate with fuscous; fnrcnla of male extending
over the supraaual plate by not more than the length of the last dorsal segment;
cerci very slender, in the middle distinctly less than half as broad as the base.
2. rariegata (p. 101).
A*. Tegmina present, abbreviate; upper valves of ovipositor distinctly falciform
apically.
& 1 . Hind border of pronotum distinctly angulate; tegmina overlapping, generally
distinctly longer than the pronotum.
o 1 . Tegmina distinctly overlapping, much longer than the pronotum; male cerci
short and broad, hardly if at all moro'fchnn twice as long as the middle breadth;
subgenital plate as seen from behind more or less broadly truncate.
I 0rth. Russ., pp. 249-253. :l ir> J.ihresb. Mannh. ver. nat., p. 38.
3 Skaml. riitv. ins. nat. hist., pp. 87-92. 4 Orth. Eur., p. 365, note.
Proc. IS". M. vol. xx 7
98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
d 1 . Male cerci straight as seen laterally; furcula feebly developed, no longer
than the last dorsal segment from which it springs ; hind tibiae uniform red.
3. nuUcola (p. 102).
d 2 . Male cerci arcuate as seen laterally ; furcula well developed, crossing fully
a third of the supraanal plate ; hind tibiae red with a broad pale basal
annulus 4. stupefacta (p. 104).
c 2 . Tegmina faintly overlapping, scarcely if any longer than the pronotum;
male cerci slender, many times longer than the middle breadth; subgenital
plate as seen from behind broadly conical, acute 5. dodgei (p. 105).
& 2 . Hind border of pronotum broadly rounded or subtruncate, not angulate ; teg-
mina at most subattiiigent, generally distinctly separated, no longer or scarcely
longer than the pronotum.
c 1 . Furcula not more than a fourth as long as the supraanal plate; subgenital
plate with the lateral and apical margins in the same horizontal plane ; inter-
space between mesosternal lobes of male fully or more than half as broad again
as long.
d 1 . Cerci of male slender, many times longer than the middle breadth; hind
tibiae pale red 6. ascensor (p. 107).
d 3 . Cerci of male broad, hardly more than twice as long as the middle breadth ;
hind tibiae fusco-glaucous 7. marshaUii (p. 108).
c 2 . Furcula nearly half as long as the supraanal plate ; subgenital plate apically
elevated; interspace between mesosternal lobes of male less than half as broad
again as long 8. oregonensis (p. 110).
i. PODISMA GLACIALIS.
(Plate VII, Fig. 3.)
Pezotettix gladalis SCUDDER!, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VII (1863), pp. 630-631,
pi. xiv, figs. 9, 10. SMITH, Proc. Portl. Soc. Nat. Hist., I (1868), p. 149.
THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 148. SCUDDER!, Hitchc.,
Rep. Geol. N. H., I (1874), p. 374, pi. A, figs. 5, 10. STAL, Bih. K. Sv.
Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, no. 9 (1878), p. 15. GIRARD, Traits 616m. d'ent., II
(1879), p. 246. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Couim., Ill (1883), p. 59. RILEY,
Stand. Nat. Hist., II (1884), p. 202. FERNALD, Orth. N. E. (1888), p. 29;
Ann. Rep. Mass. Agric. Coll., XXV (1888), p. 113. MORSE, Psyche, VII
(1894), p. 106.
Podisma glacialis WALKER, Cat. Salt. Brit. Mus., Snppl., V (1871), p. 72.
Pezotettix borealis GLOVER, 111. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pi. vi, figs. 16-18.
Dark olivaceous green above, greenish-yellow beneath in life, often
in drying becoming ferruginous, clothed thinly with rather long pile.
Head yellowish green with a greenish streak down the middle of the
frontal costa, above dark olivaceous green; labiuin, maxillae, tip of
labrum, and of clypeus pale bluish white, the palpi yellow with the termi-
nal joint apically rimmed with brown, the mandibles black at tip and
extreme base; vertex gently tumid, feebly elevated above the prouotum,
the interspace between the eyes as broad (male) or twice as broad
(female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium moderately declivent,
straight, and not arcuate, in the male lying below the upper level of the
eye so as to be hidden on a side view, shallowly (male) or very shal-
lowly (female) sulcate, broadening anteriorly, especially in the male;
frontal costa percurrent or almost percurreut, equal, as broad as (male)
or distinctly narrower than (female) the interspace between the eyes,
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEB. 99
sulcate throughout at least in the female and rather deeply below the
ocellus, very feebly and sparsely punctate; eyes of moderate size,
moderately prominent especially in the male, not at all elongate, but as
long (male) or almost as long (female) as the infraocular portion of the
genae; antennae yellowish brown, paler below, darkest at tip, greenish
toward the base, almost as long (male) or three-fourths as long (female)
as the hind femora. Pronotuin subequal, faintly constricted inesially
in the male, and faintly (male) or slightly (female) expanding on the
metazoua, dark olivaceous green, the lateral lobes bright greenish yel-
low below, with the principal sulcus marked in black and terminating
below in a small black spot; above with a broad piceous postocular
band which traverses the head and pronotum, expanding posteriorly
on the nietazona and continued interruptedly on the abdomen as a
series of dark .trans verse streaks at the base of the segments; disk of
pronotum strongly convex, passing insensibly into the vertical lateral
lobes; median carina feeble, dull, percurrent, equal; front margin
faintly convex with a minute mesial emargination; hind margin sub-
truncate with a broad but very feeble emargination; prozona longitu-
dinal (male) or quadrate (female), nearly twice as long as the faintly
punctate or smooth metazona. Prosternal spine short, blunt, conical;
interspace between mesosterual lobes somewhat less than half as broad
again as long (male) or nearly twice as broad as long, about as broad
as the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes approximate (male) or
almost as distant as the mesosternal (female); prosternum dusky, the
spin e tipped with brown, the rest of the sternum greenish yellow. Teg-
rnina wanting. Fore and middle femora very tumid in the male, dis-
tinctly shorter than in the female; hind femora rather slender,
compressed, yellowish grass green, broadly but very obscurely bifas-
ciate with dark olivaceous green, the under surface and lower half of
inner surface coral red, the geniculation black; hind tibiae green, the
spines black nearly to their base, eight to eleven, usually nine to ten,
in number in the outer series. Abdomen hardly (male) or distinctly
(female) compressed, with a distinct though dull median cariua, dark
olivaceous green (female) or as described below (male), the sides of the
first segments with a distinct tympanum, the extremity in the male a
little clavate, much recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with
acutangulate apex, the sides inesially contracted and but slightly ele-
vated, the median sulcus distinct, deep, percurrent between rather
stout walls; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate, very slender
and tapering, acuminate black spines, crossing the basal fifth or less of
the supraanal plate; cerci black, long, erect, externally tumid except at
the dimpled apex, not strongly compressed, tapering in the basal half
to two-thirds the basal breadth, beyond feebly expanding to a very
slight degree, apically rounded but inferiorly angulate, the whole a
little longer than the supraanal plate and straight, being neither arcu-
ate nor incurved; subgenital plate very short and broad, broadly
100 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
conical, ending in a blunt but not large tubercle, the apical margin
scarcely elevated, angulate, entire.
The colors of the above description, which are taken from life, are,
unless otherwise specified, drawn entirely from the female, as the sexes
differ considerably. The male differs in the following particulars: The
front of the head and the pronotuin are more yellowish, the prosterimm
black, the spine uniform pale green, the meso- and metasterna bright
green, the sternum of the abdomen yellowish-green, slightly paler than
the thorax, with the basal border of the segments broadly bordered
with black and the apical narrowly with fuscous; the whole dorsal
surface of the abdomen is black with a mediodorsal series of yellowish-
green spots and a triangular spot of the same between the middle and
hind coxae; a lateral row of greenish-yellow spots on the first eight
abdominal segments, each with a dark arcuate streak above it, opening
toward the brownish spiracles.
Length of body, male, 16 mm., female, 26 mm.; antennae, male, 8.5
mm., female, 9 mm.; hind femora, male, 9.25 mm., female, 12 mm.
Twenty-one males, 37 females. Maine (U.S.N.M. [No.724], Eiley col-
lection); Magalloway Eiver, Oxford County, Maine, Sanborn (Museum
Comparative Zoology); Speckled Mountain, Oxford County, Maine,
2,000 feet ( !), S. I. Smith ; same (A. P. Morse) ; Mount Kearsarge, New
Hampshire, 3,250 feet (A. P. Morse); Presidential Range, White Moun
tains, New Hampshire, 4,000 to 5,400 feet (S. H. Scudder; Museum
Comparative Zoology; A. P. Morse); Grey lock, Berkshire County,
Massachusetts, 3,500 feet (A. P. Morse; S. H. Scudder); Mount Marcy,
Adiroodacks, New York, 5,400 feet, F. G. Sanborn; Chateaugay Lake,
Adirondacks, New York, 2,000 feet, F. C. Bowditch; Sudbury, Ontario,
Canada, about 1,000 feet.
Excepting Jackmau, Maine (Harvey), the only other place from which
it has been reported is "British America" (Bruner), but without further
specification Professor Bruner now thinks this was a mistake. " Mr.
Morse tells me that he has specimens taken on Kataadn, Maine, 5,200
feet.
In the White Mountains 1 have found this grasshopper from the
neighborhood of the snow arch in Tuckermans Ravine (about 4,000
feet) to the base of the rocky slopes on the side of Mount Washington
above the Alpine Garden, and at the summit of Mount Madison (5,380
feet) at about the same elevation. I have also taken it at the upper
limits of Huntingtons Ravine and about the ledge on the carriage road.
It frequents the close branches of the dwarf birch, Betula nana, and is
rarely or never seen on the ground.
Of the European insects, it is most nearly allied to Pod. baldensis, but
is a considerably larger insect, with heavier and stouter cerci and slen-
derer and longer furcula.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISQUT)D$fts.', j, ;,
';/;:.,::!'' " ':'. ; V \t--t-r
2. PODISMA VARIEGATA, new species.
(Plate VII, fig. 4.)
Pezotettix glacialis COMSTOCK!, Intr. Ent., 1888, p. 107.
Pallid testaceous with an olivaceous tinge, variegated with dark glis-
tening fuscous or chocolate brown in which also an olivaceous tinge
may be detected, pilose. Head pallid olivaceo-testaceous, blotched
with olivaceo-fuscous on the genae, and heavily infu seated above, with
a broad postocular olivaceo-fuscous band; vertex somewhat tumid,
slightly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes
a little broader than (male) or twice as broad as (female) the first anten-
nal joint; fastigium considerably declivent, straight, and not arcuate,
in the male lying below, in the female at, the upper level of the eyes
so as not to be wholly seen on a side view, a little sulcate, abruptly
and angularly expanded a little anteriorly; frontal costa failing to
reach the clypeus, subequal, but faintly contracted at the ocellus and
as faintly expanding between the antennae, as broad as (male) or slightly
narrower than (female) the interspace between the eyes, sulcate except-
ing above, sparsely punctate above; eyes rather small, very prominent
in the male, but little longer than broad, about as long as (male) or a
little shorter than (female) the intraocular portion of the genae ; antennae
lighter or darker olivaceo-fuscous, distinctly longer in the male than
the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, faintly subselliform in the male,
expanding feebly posteriorly in the female, the disk dull bronze oliva-
ceous in the female, pallid testaceous with a mediodorsal, irregular but
not broad, dark chocolate fuscous stripe and dark transverse sulci in
the male, the lateral lobes glistening pale testaceous below, above with a
very broad, percurrent, glistening brownish fuscous band, in the female
deeply tinged with olivaceous; disk strongly convex, passing insen-
sibly into the vertical lateral lobes; median carina slight, percurrent,
equal ; front and hind margins truncate, the latter feebly emarginate
mesially ; prozona quadrate in both sexes, sparsely, feebly, and rather
coarsely punctate (particularly in the male and posteriorly), twice
(male) or almost twice (female) as long as the obscurely, finely, and not
densely punctate metazoua. Prosternal spine short, blunt, conical;
interspace between mesosternal lobes a little transverse and nearly or
quite as broad as the lobes (male) or twice as broad as long, fully as
broad as the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes approximate (male)
or distant, but much less so than the mesosternal (female). Teg-
mina wanting. Fore and middle femora somewhat tumid in the male
and distinctly shorter than in the female, dark olivaceous; hind femora
flavo-testaceous, broadly trifasciate with blackish fuscous, besides a
blackish geniculatiou, the under surface pale or dull coral red; hind
tibiae bronze green or olive green, the spines black almost from their
base, ten, rarely eleven, in number in the outer series. Abdomen
hardly (male) or distinctly (female) compressed, with a distinct median
102 riiVCZEDlNOS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
carina, ferrugineo- testaceous, becoming lighter below, obscurely punc-
tate with fuscous (female) or flavo-testaceous above, flavo-olivaceous
below, the sides heavily marked with glistening blackish chocolate
(male); sides of the first segment with a distinct tympanum; extrem-
ity in the male clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate
triangular with subrectangulate apex, the sides scarcely elevated and
feebly ernarginate in the middle, the median sulcus moderately deep,
percurrent, subequal, and moderately broad, raised much above the
general surface by the considerable elevation of its bounding walls;
furcula consisting of a pair of approximate, short, tapering, black spines r
hardly longer than the last dorsal segment; cerci castaneous, black-
tipped, suberect, very long and very slender, tapering in the basal
fourth, beyond distinctly less than half as broad as the base and sub-
equal, feebly expanding apically solely by the curve of the upper mar-
gin, the apex inferiorly angulate, the whole a little longer than the
supraanal plate and straight except for being feebly incurved; subgen-
ital plate small, about equally broad and long, its apex a little tumid,
the apical margin not elevated, well rounded, entire.
Length of body, male, 16.5 mm., female, 23.5 mm.; antennae, male,
10.5 mm., female, 8.5+ mm.; hind femora, male, 9.25 mm., female,
12.75 mm.
Two males, 1 female. Ithaca, Tomkins County, New York, about 400
feet, November, J. H. Comstock; Enfield Falls, Toinpkins County, New
York, about 450 feet (H. O. Woodworth). The specimens were taken
in each case on the banks of streams.
Since this was written, E. M. Walker has sent me drawings of this
species from specimens taken at De Grassi Point on Lake Simcoe, about
50 miles north of Toronto, Canada.
This species differs from the preceding not only in coloring and mark-
ings, but in the greater length of the antennae and hind legs, the brevity
of the furcula, and the slenderness of the cerci.
3. PODISMA NUBICOLA, new species.
(Plate VII, tig. 5.)
Melanoplus monticola BRUNER! MS. (pars).
Cinereo-fuscous. Head varying from testaceous to plumbeous, more
or less infuscated, above blackish fuscous in a posteriorly broadening
mesial stripe, a supraocular belt and a postocular baud, sometimes ran
together; vertex tumid, considerably elevated above the pronotum, the
interspace between the eyes almost (male) or fully (female) twice as
broad as the first antennal joint ; fastigium moderately declivent, broadly
and distinctly sulcate, less deeply in the female than in the male; fron-
tal costa feebly expanding and fading before the clypeus, faintly nar-
rowed above, slightly (male) or distinctly (female) narrower than the
interspace between the eyes, sulcate at and below the ocellus (but feebly
in the female), heavily punctate throughout; eyes small, faintly promi-
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER. 103
iient in the male, no longer (male) or distinctly shorter (female) than
the intraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteous or luteo casta-
neous, heavily infuscated apically, two-thirds (male) or hardly half
(female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum feebly constricted
mesially, ciuereo-fuscous more or less infuscated, sometimes punctate
with fuscous, pilose, the lateral lobes of the prozona distinctly tumid
above and piceous or blackish fuscous, the disk considerably convex,
particularly on the prozona, and passing into the sub vertical lateral
lobes by a well-rounded shoulder, which is distinctly augulate on the
metazona only, forming blunt lateral carinae; median cariua percurrent,
marked in black, distinct throughout but more elevated and longitudi-
nally arched on the metazona and sometimes subobsolete between the
sulci; front margin faintly convex, hind margin obtusangulate, the
angle well rounded; prozona quadrate, only a little if any longer than
the rather sparsely and shallowly punctate metazona. Prosterual spine
short, very stout, appressed conical, very blunt; interspace between
mesosternal lobes a little broader than long (male) or fully half as broad
again as long but narrower than the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes
subattingent (male) or about half as distant as the mesosternal lobes
(female). Tegmina reaching to about the middle of the hind femora,
overlapping, rapidly tapering but apically well rounded, cinereo-fuscous
often with a vinous tinge, generally heavily flecked with blackish fus-
cous, particularly but not exclusively in the discoidal area. Fore and
middle femora somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora testaceous or
flavo-testaceous, on the upper half obliquely and rather broadly bifas-
ciate with fuscous or blackish fuscous, besides a basal spot of the same
and an infuscated or piceous upper genicular lobe, the inferior face
flavous; hind tibiae pale red brightening apically, the spines black in
their apical half, nine to eleven, usually ten, in number in the outer
series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, somewhat recurved, the
supraanal plate triangular with acutangulate apex, nearly plane sur-
face, with a moderately broad and equal median sulcus, gradually
fading beyond the middle; furcula consisting of a pair of very slender
tapering parallel fingers, extending over the outer sides of the subme-
dian ridges of the supraanal plate by about the length of the last dor-
sal segment; cerci stout and thick, subequal, hardly tapering blades,
about twice as long as broad, nearly straight but faintly arcuate, well
rounded apically, very faintly twisted with a feeble sulcation or com-
pression som times apparent along the upper outer margin of the apical
half; subgenital plate rather small, of about equal length and breadth,
the apical margin a little elevated, broadly truncate as seen from behind
and entire, a feeble ridge descending from each extremity of the apical
margin across the apical face.
Length of body, male, 16 mm., female, 19 mm.; antennae, male, 6.25
mm., female, 5 mm.; tegmina, male, 7.5 mm., female, 8 mm.; hind fem-
ora, male, 9.75 mm., female, 10.5 mm.
104 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
Ten males, 7 females. Mount Lincoln, Park County, Colorado, above
timber, 11-13000 feet, August 13 (S. H, Scudder; L. Bruner). [U.S.N.M.
No. 725, male and female.]
Bruner gave the unpublished name of Melanoplus monticola both to
this species and to M. montieola, p. 290. All the specimens seen were
taken by myself in 1877.
4. PODISMA STUPEFACTA.
(Plate VU, fig. 6.)
Pezotettix stupefactus SCUDDER!, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng v 1876 (1876), p. 503;
Ann. Rep. Geol. Survey 100th mer,, 1876 (1876), p. 283. BRUNER, Rep.
U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59.
Cinereo-fuscous. Head light brown or yellowish brown, the upper
half and sometimes the whole head mottled rather heavily, on the
top of the head very heavily, with brownish fuscous, often becoming
blackish in a median baud on the top of the head and less distinctly
above the upper edges of the eyes; vertex gently tumid, slightly
elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes but little
broader than (male) or fully twice as broad as (female) the first an-
tenna! joint; fastigium distinctly sulcate, most deeply in the male, with
distinct and nearly straight, raised, lateral margins, which pass into
the lateral margins of the frontal costa; the latter distinctly punctate
next the margins like the whole of the face, nearly equal but slightly
narrower above, the surface plane except for a slight, short, narrow
sulcation at and below the ocellus; eyes of moderate size, not very
prominent, the front margin subtruncate, rather longer (male) or dis-
tinctly shorter (female) than the infraocular portion of the geuae;
antennae brownish yellow, becoming dusky toward the tips, in the
female a little more than three-fifths as long as the hind femora. Pro-
notum nearly plane above, the prozona with scarcely perceptible
fullness, and on either side of the median carina, at the principal sulcus,
a slight oblique depression; the whole pronotum broadens a little and
regularly in passing backward, the posterior margin obtusely and
roundly angulate; median carina distinct though slight on the meta-
zona, inconspicuous excepting in front on the prozona, and in the
female nearly obsolete; lateral carinae distinct, though not prominent;
surface profusely punctate, almost rugulose on the metazona; the color
is brownish-yellow, darkest on dorsum, and profusely flecked with darker
colors; upper third or half of lateral lobes with a postocular brownish
fuliginous belt, confined to the prozona, narrower at the extreme front;
transverse sulcations distinct, only seldom, and then but slightly,
marked with black. Prosternal spine short and very stout, very blunt,
and subcylindrical (male) or conical (female) ; interspace between ineso-
sternal lobes a little transverse (male) or half as broad again as long
but narrower than the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes approxi-
mate (female) or only a little more than half as distant as the ineso-
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 105
sternal lobes (female). Tegmina fully half as long as the abdomen,
elongate, subfusiform, the tip roundly pointed, dark brown, more or
less variegated with yellowish and blackish, the small spots showing a
tendency to a longitudinal arrangement, most of the veins light; wings
a little shorter than the tegmina. Fore and middle femora rather
tumid in the male; hind femora light yellowish-brown, with a pair of
conspicuous, submedian, V-shaped, dark brown or blackish bands exter-
nally, crossing the upper surface transversely, the extreme base and
tip marked with the same color; hind tibiae yellow, the spines black to
their base, 10 in number in the outer series. Abdomen yellowish
beneath, mostly reddish-brown above, deepening into black, the
extremity clavate and somewhat upturned in the male, the supraanal
plate hastate, strongly constricted mesially, with elevated margins and
obtusangulate tip, the median sulcus narrow, deep, and extending
almost to the tip ; furcula consisting of a pair of large, parallel, attingent,
tapering, acuminate, flattened fingers, reaching nearly halfway across
the supraanal plate; cerci short, very broad, nearly equal, strongly
compressed, laminate, the tip broadly rounded, slightly incurved, so
that the outer margin is broadly convex, the inner shallowly concave;
subgeuital plate broad and short, narrowing apically, the apical margin
abruptly, slightly, and almost uniformly elevated above the lateral mar-
gins and set at right angles with them, feebly notched mesially.
Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 20.5 mm. ; antennae, male,
female, 7.5 mm. ; tegmina, male, 7.7 mm., female, 6.75 mm. ; hind femora,
female, 11.5 ram.
One male, 3 females. Taos Peak, Sangre de Cristo Mountains,
northern New Mexico, 13,000 feet, Lieutenant W. L. Carpenter (S. H.
Scudder; U.S.N.M. [No. 726]. Riley collection); Colorado, "Alpine,"
August (U.S.KM. [No. 726]. Eiley collection).
5. PODISMA DODGEI.
(Plate VII, fig. 7.)
Caloptenm dodgei THOMAS!, Can. Ent., Ill (1871), p. 168; Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol.
Surv. Terr., V (1872), p. 451, PL u, figs. 4, 5, 9. GLOVER, 111. N. A. Ent., Orth.
(1872), PL xi, figs. 4, 5, 9.
Pezotettix dodgei THOMAS!, Rep. U. S. Geol. Snrv. Terr., V (1873), p. 153; Proc.
Dav. Acad. So., I (1876), p. 259. UHLER, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., Ill
(1877), p 796. THOMAS, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1878, p. 1845 (1878). BRUNER,
Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59; Bull. Div. Ent.U. S. Dep. Agric., IV
(1884), p. 57. RILEY, Stand. Nat. Hist., II (1884), p. 202. COCKERELL, Can.
Ent.,XXIl (1890). p. 76.
Pezotettix bohemani STAL!, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Haudl., V (1878), No. 9, p. 15.
Pezotettix marshallii SCUDDER !, Appal., I (1878), p. 263.
Pezotettix aspirant SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 85-86;
Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 74-75. BRUNER, Rep.U.S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59.
Vertex gently tumid, slightly elevated above the pronotum, the inter-
space between the eyes considerably broader than the first antennal
106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
joint, rather broader in the female than in the male; fastigiuni shal-
lowly sulcate, subequal, the bounding walls low and coarse; frontal
costa subequal, expanding at the base, very slightly sulcate above,
more sulcate but not deeply below the ocellus, as broad as the inter-
space between the eyes, sparsely, coarsely, and biseriately punctate;
antennae about live eighths as long as the hind femora, slightly longer
in the male than in the female. Pronotuui very short and stout, sim-
ple, expanding a little on the metazoua; prozona quadrate (male) or
transverse (female), of the same length as the metazona; front margin
truncate, hind margin gently angulated, more prominently in the female
than in the male; median carina distinct but dull and equal on the
metazona, obsolete on the prozona; transverse sulci of the prozona
unusually distinct, continuous ; lateral carinae distinct but rounded ;
disc punctate, distantly and rather faintly on the prozona, abundantly
and rather coarsely but still faintly on the metazona. Prosternal spine
short, stout, appressed conical, blunt, in the female subtrans verse;
interspace between mesostemal lobes fully half as broad again as long
(male) or nearly twice as broad as long (female), the metasternal lobes
approximate (male) or distant (female). Tegmina short subfusiform,
scarcely longer than the pronotum, about twice as long as broad, the
extremity produced but rounded, the inner edges not or faintly over-
lapping. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, considerably recurved,
the supraanal plate triangular, perhaps a little longer than broad, the
sides straight, the tip rounded, the surface subgibbose; furcula con-
sisting of a pair of minute, triangular, blunt, rather distant teeth;
cerci simple, regularly conical, compressed at base, blunt-tipped, con-
siderably shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate sharply
upturned and tumid, short-conical, several times longer than broad, the
extremity just below the entire apical edge produced to a blunt point.
The general color is blackish griseous, very obscurely mottled with
testaceous above, dirty yellow tinged with ferruginous below; anten-
nae pale red at base, much infuscated beyond; a quadrate piceous
patch occupies the upper part of the lateral lobes upon the prozona,
followed immediately below by a paler tint, and occasionally edged on
the lateral carinae with dull testaceous. Tegmiua with some of the
veins of the dorsal field (for the anterior field is deflected) testaceous.
Hind femora testaceous, conspicuously marked with black at base and
tip, and by two moderately broad transverse bands, the premedian
angulate; hind tibiae pale red, marked with fuscous toward the base,
the spines black, ten to twelve, usually ten, in the outer series.
Length of body, male, 14.5 mm., female, 21 mm.; antennae, male and
female, 5.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 4 mm., female, 5 mm.; hind femora,
male, 8 mm. female, 8.8 mm.
Thirty males, 28 females. Colorado, Morrison, 13,000 feet (S. Hen
shaw; S. H. Scudder); Colorado, alpine, September (U.S.N.M. Riley
collection); Pikes Peak, Colorado, 12,000 to 13,000 feet, August 24 (S.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCUDDER. 107
H. Scudder ; U.S.N.M. [No. 727]. Riley collection) ; Sierra Blanca, Colo-
rado, 12,000 to 13,000 feet, August 29; Georgetown, Clear Creek
County, Colorado, 8,500 to 9,000 feet, July 12-13; North Park, Colo-
rado (L. Bruner); Poudre River, Colorado, June (U,S.N.M. Riley col-
lection); Beaver Brook, Jefferson County, Colorado, 0,000 feet, July
11; Larainie, Albany County, Wyoming (L. Bruner); Wasateh Moun-
tains near Beaver, Utah, August 1-4, E. Palmer.
It has also been reported from the mountain sides in Clear Creek
Canyon. Colorado (Uhler), from Brush Creek, Colorado, 12,000 feet
(Cockerell), from Colorado (Stal), and from Montana (Bruner).
I formerly compared this insect to the European Podisma alplna var.
montana, but it should rather be compared to Podisma pedestris on
account of its much shorter subgenital plate, though in its cerci it is
more nearly related to the former; it can not be confounded with either,
but is more nearly related to Podisma pedestris than to any other
American type.
By the kindness of Doctor Aurivillius, of Stockholm, I have received
one of the type specimens of StaPs Pezotettix bohetnani, and been able
to compare it with the types of the other nominal species mentioned in
the synonymy.
6. PODISMA ASCENSOR, new species.
(Plate VII, fig. 8.)
Pezotettix dodgei SCUDDER!, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sun-, Terr., II (1876), p. 261.
Brownish testaceous above, dull testaceous below. Head testaceous,
feebly olivaceous, embrowned above; vertex feebly tumid, not elevated
above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes half as broad
again (male) or nearly twice as broad (female) as the first antenna! joint;
fastigium moderately declivent, broadly and very shallowly sulcate;
frontal costa percurrent, equal, a little narrower than the interspace
between the eyes, feebly sulcate at and a little below the ocellus, faintly
and finely biseriately punctate above; eyes of moderate size, not at all
prominent, similar in the two sexes, anteriorly truncate, slightly longer,
especially in the male, than the infraocular portion of the genae; anten-
nae testaceous, apically infuscated, about two-thirds as long as the hind
femora in both sexes. Pronotum feebly and regularly expanding pos-
teriorly, with a more or less broken and irregular piceous postocular
band confined to the prozona, the disk broadly convex and passing by
a rounded shoulder, nowhere forming distinct lateral carinae, into the
anteriorly tumid subveitical lateral lobes; median carina slight, per.
current, subequal but slighter on the prozona than on the inetazona;
front border truncate, hind border rotundato obtusangulate; prozona
longitudinally (male) or transversely (female) subquadrate, slightly
(male) or scarcely (female) longer than the finely punctate inetazona.
Prosternal spine of moderate length, stout, conical, not very blunt;
interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly twice as broad as long, but
108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
narrower than the lobes in both sexes, the metasternal lobes approxi-
mate (male) or subapproximate (female). Tegmina distinctly (male) or
scarcely (female) shorter than the pronotum, lateral, rather widely sep-
arated, subovate with rotundato angulate costal margin and subacumi-
nate apex, brownish fuscous. Fore and middle femora no more tumid
in the male than in the female; hind femora ferrugineo testaceous,
faintly and angularly bifasciate with fuscous, the under surface fiavous,
the genicular arc broadly piceous; hind tibiae pale yellowish red, with
a fuscous patellar spot, the spines black almost to their base, ten to
eleven in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a
little clavate, slightly recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with
acutangulate apex, the surface strongly but broadly tectate, the median
sulcus broad, moderately deep, with very rounded walls, percurreut
but partially interrupted beyond the middle; furcula consisting of a
pair of rather slender, tapering and acuminate, parallel, approximate
fingers a little longer than the last dorsal segment, overlying the sub
median ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci small, simple, substyliform,
a little compressed, considerably shorter than the supraanal plate,
blunt- tipped or narrowly truncate; subgenital plate small, of about
equal length and breadth, the lateral and apical margins in the same
plane, entire, as seen from above strongly rounded, subangulate.
Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 18.5 mm.; antennae, male,
mm., female, 6.6 mm.; tegmina, male, 3.1 mm., female, 4.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 9.5 mm., female, 10 mm.
One male, 1 female. American Fork Canyon, Utah, A. S. Packard.
This species is the nearest allied of the American forms to Podisma
pedestris of Europe, but differs distinctly from it in the structure of
the subgenital plate and the slender fore and middle femora of the
male.
7. PODISMA MARSHALLII.
(Plate VII, fig. 9.)
Pezotettix marsJiallii THOMAS, Rep. Geogr. Surv. 100th mer.,V (1875), pp. 889-
890, pi. XLV, fig. 3. SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), p. 86;
Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 75. BRUNER, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59.
Brownish fuscous above, often more or less ferruginous, sordid tes-
taceous beneath. Head fusco- or ferrugineo-olivaceous, more or
less infuscated above '(the infuscatiou sometimes confined to u pair of
widening streaks), with a broader or narrower piceous postocular band;
vertex gently tumid, scarcely or not elevated above the pronotum, the
interspace between the eyes twice (male) or nearly thrice (female) as
broad as the first antenna! joint; fastigium broad, moderately decli-
vent, scarcely sulcate; frontal costa rather prominent, fading before the
clypeus, equal, much narrower than the interspace between the eyes,
pi une, irregularly punctate; eyes of moderate size, slightly prominent
in the male, somewhat longer than the intraocular portion of the genae;
antennae dark castaneous, becoming blackish fuscous apically, nearly
three fifths (male) or hardly a half (female) as long as the hind femora.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEK. 109
Prouotum subequal, feebly expanding on the metazona, especially in
the female, the disk of the prozona often enlivened with the lighter
colors of the face, the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona
occupied by a piceous patch or band, sometimes broken in the female,
the disk convex and passing into the vertical lateral lobes by a rounded
shoulder, rarely angulate, without forming lateral carinae; median
cariua weak, percurrent, subequal, but slightly feebler on the prozona
than on the metazona; front margin truncate, hind margin broadly rotun-
date, occasionally feebly angulate in the female; prozona slightly longi-
tudinal (male) or slightly transverse (female), distinctly longer than the
finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short and stout, scarcely
tapering, very blunt, appressed; interspace between mesosternal lobes
fully half as broad again as long (male) or about twice as broad as
long, barely narrower than the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes
approximate (male) or hardly half as distant as the mesosterual lobes
(female). Tegrnina about as long as the pronotum, moderately distant,
elliptical, about twice as long as broad, apically subacuminate, fusco-fer-
ruginous. Fore and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind
femora moderately stout, testaceous often tinged with ferruginous, very
obliquely bifasciate with fuscous, generally interrupted ou the outer half
of the upper face, the under face flavous, verging on orange, the gen-
iculation more or less infuscated ; hind tibiae dull greenish, a little paler
next the base, with a fuscous patellar spot, the spines black almost
to their base, eight to eleven, usually nine, in number in the outer
series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, somewhat recurved, the
supraanal plate long hastate with expanded base, roundly augulate
sides and rectangulate apex, the lateral margins considerably elevated,
the median sulcus deep and conspicuous between high and sharp walls,
terminating apically in a cochlearate depression; furcula consisting of
a pair of slender, tapering, acuminate, divergent fingers hardly a fifth
as long as the supraaual plate; cerci rather broad, gently tapering in
the basal half, beyond equal, apically rounded, nearly straight except
for being gently incurved, less than three times as long as the middle
breadth ; subgenital plate short and very broad, the lateral and apical
margins in nearly the same plane, rotundato-angulate as seen from
above, entire.
Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 20 mm. ; amtennae, male, 6 mm.,
female, 5.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 4 mm., female, 5.5 mm.; hind femora,
male, 10.5 mm., female, 11.5 mm.
Ten males, eleven females. Mount Lincoln, Colorado, 11,000 to 13,000
feet, August 13 (S. H. Scudder; [U.S.N.M. No. 728]). It has also been
reported from the "mountains of southern Colorado" by Thomas; and
by myself, but erroneously, from Sierra Blanca, Colorado, and northern
New Mexico ; for in different papers I have formerly referred to this
species what are here described as Melanoplus altitudinum and Podisma
The present species has a close general resemblance to Melano-
indigens, extending to the abdominal appendages of the male.
110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
8. PODISMA OREGONENSIS.
(Plate VII, fig. 10.)
Pezotettix oregonensis THOMAS, Rep. Geogr. Expl. 100th mer., V (1875), pp. 888,^889.
Of rather large size for this genus, blackish fuscous more or less
ferruginous, sordid testaceous below. Head sordid olivaceous, much
suffused or sprinkled with fuscous, above wholly or almost wholly mius-
cated, with a broad piceous postocular band; vertex gently tumid, feebly
elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes nearly
(male) or distinctly more than (female) twice as broad as the first
antennal joint; fasti gium rather steeply declivent, shallowly and
broadly (male) or scarcely (female) sulcate; frontal costa fading just
before the clypeus, equal, slightly narrower than the interspace between
the eyes, faintly depressed at the ocellus, nowhere sulcate, rather
sparsely punctate throughout, biseriately and more heavily above; eyes
moderately large, not prominent, anteriorly subtruncate, a little (male)
or scarcely (female) longer than the infraocular portion of the genae;
antennae rufous, sometimes feebly infuscated apically, fully two-thirds
(male) or a little more than half (female) as long as the hind femora.
Pronotum subequal, slightly enlarging posteriorly on the posterior
half, the sides with a broad postocular piceous band confined to the
prozona, less conspicuous in the female than in the male and often
broken, the disk rather broadly convex and passing into the inferioily
vertical lateral lobes by a well rounded shoulder, occasionally showing a
blunt an gulation; median carina distinct on the metazona, generally
very feeble on the prozona and often subobsolete between the sulci ;
fron t margin truncate, hind margin very broadly convex, occasionally sub-
augulate ; prozonalongitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), about a third
(male) or at most a fourth (female) longer than the densely punctate meta-
zona. Prosternal spine rather large and stout, conical or subconical,
bluntly pointed; interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly (male) or
fully (female) half as broad again as long, narrower than the lobes; meta-
sternal lobes subattingent (male) or moderately approximate (female).
Tegmina about as long as the pronotum, subattingent, ovate, apically
bluntly acuminate, at most twice as long as broad, ferrugineo-fuscous.
Fore and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora
rather long, not very slender, testaceous, more or less but generally much
and confusedly infuscated, not infrequently distinctly and obliquely
bifasciate with fuscous, the lower face and lower half of inner face
flavous, the geniculation more or less infuscated ; hind tibiae sordid pale
olivaceous, with a fuscous patellar annulus, the spines black nearly
from the base, eleven to twelve, rarely ten, in number in the outer series.
Extremity of male abdomen considerably clavate, much recurved, the
supraanal plate subtriangular with rectangulate apex, the lateral mar-
gins strongly elevated in the basal half, the median sulcus moderately
deep, fading beyond the middle of the plate, bounded by rather broad
NO. 1124. R E 7ISION OF THE MELA NOPLISC UDDER. HI
walls; furcula consisting of a pair of parallel or feebly divergent, flat-
tened, slender, tapering, bluntly acuminate fingers nearly half as long
as the supraanal plate; cerci subequal compressed laminae, a little more
than twice as long as broad, nearly straight but feebly arcuate and
feebly incurved, not so long as the supraaual plate, well rounded
apically, sometimes feebly dimpled apically on the exterior surface;
subgenital plate of equal length and breadth, broadly subconical, the
apical margin slightly elevated and subtuberculate.
Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male,
6.75 mm., female, 6.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 4.75 mm., female, 5 mm.;
hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 11.75 mm.
Fourteen males, 21 females. Idaho (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection);
Henry Lake, Idaho, August (same; L. Bruner); Yellowstone, Mon-
tana (TJ.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Fort McLeod, Alberta, August
(same; L. Bruner.) It was originally described by Thomas from
Oregon.
Thomas's text refers to an illustration on a plate, but another species
was there substituted for it. His types do not appear to exist, but I
think there can be little doubt that this is his species, his description
agreeing exceptionally well and certainly applying to no other insect I
have seen. I am also drawn to this conclusion by notes taken many
years ago upon examination of his types.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE OLD WORLD SPECIES OF PODISMA.
A 1 . Subgenital plate of male normal, as seen from above at least as long as broad,
apically narrowing (Podisma, s. s.).
b l . Tegmina absent.
c l . Sides of first abdominal segment with no distinct tympanum.
d l . Disk of pronotuui smooth, at least on prozona.
e l . Hind tibiae red; lobes of male furcula very distant; cerci very short,
styliform, acuminate; subgenital plate not prolonged beyond its apical
margin 9. pedemontana (p. 112).
e 2 . Hind tibiae lutescent; lobes of male furcula attingent; cerci moder-
ately long, subcompressed, slightly dilated apically; subgenital plate pro-
longed as a tubercle beyond its apical margin 10. cobellii (p. 113).
d 2 . Disk of pronotum rugulose throughout.
e } . Hind femora pallid beneath ; hind tibiae rufeecent.. . 11. costae (p. 113).
c 2 . Hind femora red or reddish beneath; hind tibiae sordid blue.
/*. Pronotum of female enlarging but little posteriorly; lobes of male
furcula stout though small, rounded; subgenital plate as broad as long,
the apical margin broadly rounded, with a feeble, indistinct, and blunt
tubercle 12. parnassica (p. 113).
/ 2 . Pronotum of female enlarging posteriorly rapidly and considerably;
lobes of male furcula slight and minute, elongate; subgenital plate much
longer than broad, the apical margin angulate, with a small but dis-
tinct and slightly elevated tubercle 13. pyrenaea (p. 114).
c 2 . Sides of first abdominal segment with a distinct tympanum.
d l . Hind tibiae flavo-olivaceous ; lateral halves of last dorsal segment of male
widely separated ; cerci tapering almost regularly throughout, equal for a short
distance beyond the middle; subgenital plate elongate, its apical margin sub-
angulate as seen from above 14. salamandra (p. 114).
112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
d*. Hind tibiae reddish ; lateral halves of last dorsal segment of male narrowly
separated ; cerci enlarging slightly beyond the middle; subgenital plate short,
its apical margin broadly rounded as seen from above.. 15. baldensis (p. 114).
6 2 . Tegmiua present, abbreviate; sides of first abdominal segment with a distinct
tympanum.
c 1 . Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male quadrate or faintly longer
than broad ; abdomen of male not clavate, the cerci bent abruptly inward at
right angles beyond the middle, the furcula obsolete 16. dairisama (p. 114).
c 2 . Interspace between mesosternal lobes of male bronder, generally much
broader than long; abdomen of male distinctly clavate, the cerci gently incurved
throughout or straight, the furcuja more or less though feebly developed.
d 1 . Eyes of male very prominent; posterior margin of pronotum truncate;
tegmiua linear or sublinear, lateral; cerci of male decurved or apically
enlarged, as well as incurved.
e 1 . Hind margin of pronotum distinctly emarginate; interspace between
mesosternal lobes of male twice as broad as long; hind tibiae greenish;
furcula of male composed of a pair of attingent projecting black points;
cerci regularly tapering, acuminate, incurved, and decurved; ovipositor of
female elongate and slender, the upper valves straight. 17. schmidtii (p. 115).
e 2 . Hind margin of pronotum feebly emarginate; interspace between meso-
sternal lobes of male only a little broader than long; hind tibiae yellow;
furcula of male composed of a pair of scarcely projecting distant lobules;
cerci at first tapering, then enlarging feebly; apically well rounded; ovi-
positor of female rather short and stout, the upper valves normally falcate.
18. fieberi (p. 115).
d 2 . Eyes of male only moderately prominent ; posterior margin of prouotum
rounded or obtusangulate; tegmina broad elliptical or simply abbreviate; cerci
of male simple, tapering throughout, straight or merely incurved.
e l . Pronotum with the transverse sulci deeply impressed, the hind margin
rounded; hind tibiae blue or partly flavescent; subgenital plate of male
greatly produced, extending beyond the tip of the supraaiial plate by fully
the length of the latter, and narrowly acutangulate as seen from above;
cerci regularly compressed-conical.
/'. Hind tibiae cyaneous ; cerci of male short and moderately stout, shorter
than the hind arolia; tip of subgenital plate bluntly rounded.
19. pedestris (p. 116).
/ 2 . Hind tibiae sordid violaceous at base, apically flavescent; cerci of male
moderately long, slender, longer than the hind arolia ; tip of subgeuital
plate acuminate 20. alpina (p. 116).
c 2 . Pronotum with the transverse sulci slightly impressed, the hind margin
obtusangulate; hind tibiae red; subgenital plate of male little produced,
extending beyond the supraanal plate by much less than the length of the
latter, strongly rounded as seen from above; cerci laminate, subequal,
bluntly rounded at tip .*. 21. frigida (p. 117).
A 2 . Subgenital plate of male, as seen from above, much broader than long, apically
broadened, the lateral walls excessively tumid (Eupodisnia). .. 22. primnoa (p, 117.)
9. PODISMA PEDEMONTANA.
(Plate VIII, fig. 1.)
Pezotetlix pedemontanus BRUNNER, Prodr. Eur. Orth. (1882), p. 230.
For a figure of the abdominal appendages of this species, which I
have not seen, I am indebted to Herr Josef Redtenbacher through
Hofrath Brunner von Wattenwyl.
Susa, Piedmont, Italy.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER. 113
10. PODISMA COBELLII.
(Plate VIII, fig. 2.)
Pezotettix colellii KRAUSS, Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, XXXIII (1883), pp. 222,
223, fig. 2.
Pezotettix salamandra COBULLI, Ort. Gen. Trent. (1883), p ; 15.
Hofrath Brunuer von Wattenwyl has kindly loaned me a pair of this
little known species for study and illustration.
Mountains about Eoveredo, Tyrol : Ciraa Posta, Monte Pasnbio, 6,000
to 7,000 feet, and somewhat lower; Sette Albi.
ii. PODISMA COSTAE.
Pezotettix costae TARGIONI TOZETTI, Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., XIII (1881), p. 185.
BRUNNER, Prodr. Ear. Orth. (1882), p. 229.
I have not seen this species, and introduce it in the table only by aid
of the characters assigned by Bruimer.
Monte Morrone, Abruzzo, Italy.
12. PODISMA PARNASSICA, new species.
(Plate VIII, fig. 3.)
Pezotettix parnassicus BRUNNER!, MS.
Very dark bronze green, beneath dull testaceous (male), or ferrugineo-
testaceous, beneath dull flavous (female), the lower margins of the
lateral lobes of the color of the under surface, the abdomen with a
slender dorsal testaceous stripe. Antennae as long as the head and
pronotum together. Frontal costa scarcely depressed at the ocellus,
fading before the clypeus. Pronotum short, subcylindrical (male) or
feebly expanding posteriorly (female), pretty uniformly and sparsely
rugoso-punctate, slightly more finely on the metazona than on the pro-
zona; prozona transverse, nearly twice as long as the metazoua, its
transverse sulci inconspicuous; posterior margin of pronotum truncate,
the median carina subobsolete, lateral carinae wanting. Meso- and meta-
nota, especially in the male, and the dorsum of the basal abdominal
segments, in the male only, punctate. Prosternal spine blunt conical ;
interspace between rnesosternal lobes quadrate (male) or strongly
transverse, fully as broad as the lobes (female), the metasternal
lobes subattiugent (male) or distant, the interspace broader than the
frontal costa (female). Tegmiua wanting. Hind femora olivaceo-testa-
ceous, rufous. beneath in the female; hind tibiae lutescent (male) or pale
green (female), the spines black-tipped, eight to nine in number in the
outer series. Sides of first abdominal segment with no tympanum;
extremity of male abdomen not clavate nor recurved, the supraanal
plate triangular with a median sulcus in the basal half and a broad
depression apically ; furcula consisting of a pair of rather distant, hardly
elongate, rounded lobes no longer than the last dorsal segment; cerci
Proc. N. M. vol. xx 8
114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
small, styliform, shorter than the supraaual plate; subgenital plate
small, slightly longer than broad, the apical margin thickened and sub
tuberculate.
Length of body, male, 15 mm., female, 21 mm.; antennae, male, 5.5
mm., female, 7.5 mm.; pronotum, male, 3 mm., female, 4.4 mm.; hind
femora, male. 7.25 mm., female, 10 mm.
One male, 1 female. Mount Parnassus, Greece; through the kind
communication of Hofrath Brunner von Wattenwyl.
13. PODISMA PYRENAEA.
(Plate VIII, fig. 4.)
Pezotettix pyrenaea FISCHER, Orth. Eur. (1853), p. 373, pi. xv, figs. 22 *, 22 * a.
Pezotettix pyrenaeus BRUNNER, Prodr. Eur. Orth. (1882), p. 29.
For an opportunity of studying this species I am indebted to M. de
Bormans.
Pic du Midi, Pyrenees, France, 9,540 feet.
14. PODISMA SALAMANDRA.
(Plate VIII, fig. 5.)
.. Pezotettix salamandra FISCHER, Orth. Eur. (1853), pp. 372-373, pi. xv, fig. 22, 22
a b c. BRUNNER, Prodr. Eur. Orth. (1882), pp. 228-229.
In the mountainous region north and east of the Adriatic, Goritz
and Adelsberg,Illyria, the Draga Thai near Fiume, Istria and Josephs-
thai, Croatia. It is found on bushes like our P. glacialis.
15. PODISMA BALDENSIS.
(Plate VIII, fig. 6.)
Pezotettix baldensis KRAUSS, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, XXX (1883), pp. 220-
222, fig. 1.
Pezotettix salamandra GRABER, ibid., XVII (1867), p. 271.
For an opportunity of examining and figuring this species I am
indebted to Hofrath Brunner von Wattenwyl.
Monte Baldo, southern Tyrol, 5,000 feet.
16. PODISMA DAIRISAMA, new species.
(Plate VIII, fig. 7.)
Dark olive green, beneath dull flavous. Frontal costa deeply sulcate,
subpercurrent, equal. Prouotum subcylindrical, the hind margin sub-
truncate, minutely emarginate; prozona quadrate, finely and sparsely
punctate 5 metazona rather densely punctate, hardly more than half as
long as the prozona; median carina obsolete, lateral carinae wholly
wanting; transverse sulci of prozoua feebly impressed; lateral lobes
concolorous with disk. Prosternal spine conical, subacute; interspace
between mesosternal lobes faintly longitudinal (male) or transverse,
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCUDDER. 115
almost as broad as the lobes (female), the inner margins of the lobes
strongly rounded, the mctasternal lobes subattingent (male) or distant
by nearly the breadth of the frontal costa (female). Tegmina lateral,
elliptical, more than twice as long as broad, no longer than the pro-
zona, ferrugineo-testaceous. Hind femora fusco-olivaceous, sanguin-
eous beneath ; hind tibiae feebly valgate, green, the spines black-tipped,
nine to ten in number in the outer series. Abdomen lighter in the
male than in the female, in the former with a pair of subdorsal, longi-
tudinal, oval, basal, flavous spots on segments three to eight, sides of
first segment with a distinct tympanum, the extremity hardly clavate
or recurved in the male, the supraanal plate blunt triangular, tectate,
with broad, regularly narrowing, percurrent median sulcus; furcula
wanting, the lateral halves of the last dorsal segment rather distant;
cerci moderately slender, rather regularly tapering, blunt-tipped,
abruptly bent inward and upward beyond the middle; subgenital plate
equally broad and long, conical, ending in a blunt tubercle prolonged
beyond the apical margin. Valves of ovipositor rather long, nearly
straight, the upper pair sinuate above, with serratulate margins.
Length of body, male, 24 mm., female, 31.5 mm.; antennae, male,
8 mm.; pronotum, male, 5.5 mm., female, 6.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 3 mm.,
female, 4 mm. ; hind femora, male, 11 mm., female, 14 mm.
One male, 1 female. Japan (U.S.N.M. [No. 729], through L. Bruner).
17. PODISMA SCHMIDTII.
(Plate VIII, fig. 9.)
Podisma sckmidtii FIEBER, Lotos, III (June, 1853), pp. 119-120.
Pezotettix mendax FISCHER, Orth. Eur. (Nov., 1853), pp. 371-372, pi. xv, figs.
23,23 ab. BRUNNER, Prodr. Eur. Orth. (1882), pp. 227-228.
The publication of Fieber's species dates from 1853 (Lotos) and not
from 1854 (Synopsis), and antedates by several months the description
of Fischer, whose name has been hitherto accepted; for Fieber's spe-
cies was published in the June number of Lotos, and the preface to
Fischer's work is dated November.
This species occurs, according to Brunner von Wattenwyl, on hazel
stalks and bramble bushes.
Austrian Alps, especially the southern side, from Transylvania west-
ward to southern Tyrol and the Swiss canton Ticino; and in the moun-
tainous region bordering the upper extremity of the Adriatic, eastward.
18. PODISMA FIEBERI, new name.
(Plate VIII, tig. 8.)
Pezotettix schmidtii URUNNKR, Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, XI (1861), p. 306, pi.
xvi, figs. 23 A B; Prodr. Eur. Orth. (1882), p. 225.
As Brunner points out, this is not the Podisma schmidtii of Fieber
( 1.S5:$); but he nevertheless retains Fieber's name for it, because it was
first described by himself under that name, under the supposition that
116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
it was Fieber's species, and because Fieber's schmidtii and Fischer's
mendax are the same. By the ordinary rules of nomenclature, the
name schmidtii, having been applied to one species of the genus could
not subsequently be applied to another, even if the first were a syno-
nym; but it is doubly incorrect here, since schmidtii of Fieber has tbe
priority over mendax of Fischer. It is therefore necessary to give the
present species a new name.
This species is found on leafy bushes.
From Carniola eastward to Servia, southern Hungary, and Transyl-
vania.
19. PODISMA PEDESTRIS.
(Plate VIII, fig. 10.)
Gryllus pcdestris Lixx^us, Syst. Nat., Ed. X (1758), p. 433.
Awydium pedestre OLIVIER, Encycl. Meth., VI (1791), p. 232.
Podisma pedestris LATRKILLE, Cuv. Regne Anim., V (1829), p. 188.
Pezoteitlx pedeslris BURMEISTER, Germ. Zeitsclir. Ent., II (1840), p. 51.
FISCHER, Orth. Eur. (1854), pp. 369-371, pi. xv, figs. 17. 17% 18, 18a.
BRUNNER, Prodr. Eur. Orth. (1882), pp. 226-227.
Acrydium apterum DEGEER, Mem., Ill (1773), p. 474, pi. xxm, figs. 8, 9.
In northern Europe, in Finland, southern Sweden, and Holstein;
then again farther south in the high alps of Switzerland, at the Wen
gern alp and the Ehone glacier, and in the mountains of southern Bava-
ria and the Tyrol; farther east it comes down to the hill country and
occurs from Carinthia eastward to the Volga. South of the alps it is
found in southeastern France, southern Tyrol, and Sardinia. Jt has
been incorrectly reported from England.
20. PODISMA ALPINA.
(Plate IX, fig. 1.)
Gryllus alpinns KOLLAR, Beitr. Landesk. Oesterr ., Ill (1833), p. 83.
Podisma alpina FIEBER, Lotos, III (1853), pp. 119.
Pezotettix alpina FISCHER, Orth. Eur. (1853), pp. 368-369, pi. xv, figs. 19, 20.
Pezoteltix alpmus BRUNNER, Prodr. Eur. Orth. (1882), pp. 224-225, pi. vn, fig. 53.
Acridium pulchellum HERRICH-SCHAEFFER, Nomoncl. I us., II (1840), Orth., 8, 19.
Podisma frigidum FISCHER, Jahresb. Mann. ver. Natnrk, XV (1849), pp. 38-39.
Podisma subalpinum FISCHER, ibid., XVI (1850), p. 27.
Occurs in two forms : alpina, with tegmina separate and lateral, found
in the higher mountains; and a larger, collina, with tegmina overlap-
ping, half as long as the abdomen.
P. a. alpina occurs in all the higher mountains of central Europe as
far east as the borders of Servia. I found it extremely abundant in
the alpine pastures about Yillars sur Bex, Canton de Yaud, Switzer-
land. P. a. collina is found from Carniola and the forest of Vienna
through southern Hungary to Transylvania.
so. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCUDDER. 117
21. PODISMA FRIGIDA.
(Plate IX, fig. 2.)
Ciryllusfrigidua BOUEMAN, Overs. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Forh. (1846), p. 80.
Podisma frigidum VON BORCK, Skand. Riitv. Iiis. Nat. Hist. (1848), pp. 90-92, pi.
in, fig. 2.
Pezotettix frigida FISCHER, Orth. Eur. (1853), pp. 366-368, pi. xv, fig. 21.
Pezotettix (Melanoplus) frigidua STAL, Rec. Orth., I (1873), p. 79.
Pezotettix frigidus BRUNNER, Prodr. Eur. Orth. (1882), pp. 223-224.
Pezotettix alpicola FISCHER, Stett. Ent. Zeit , XIII (1852), p. 21.
Occurs m Lapland and Norway; and again in the high alps of
Switzerland and the Tyrol.
22. PODISMA (EUPODISMA) PRIMNOA.
(Plate IX, fig. 3.)
Podisma primnoa FISCHER DE WALDHEIM, Orth. Russ. (1846), p. 248.
Primnoa viridis MOTSCHULSKY, MS., ibid.
On account of the extraordinary development of the subgenital plate
of the male of this largest of Podismae, I have proposed for it the sub-
generic name of Eupodisma.
Fischer deWaldheiin describes it from Verkhni-Udiusk,Transbaicalia,
Siberia. Specimens in my collection were collected by Parschine at
the same place in June, at Samonoffsk in June, at Khabarowki and
Tscherhjava on the Amur in May and August, and in the Desert of
Khorinskaya in Trausbuicalia.
22. PARATYLOTROPIDIA.
(Ilapct, beside; Tylotropidia, a genus of Euprepocneines.)
Paratylotropidia BRUNNER, R<Sv. Syst. Orth. (1893), p. 147.
Body moderately stout, somewhat compressed, without noticeable
pilosity, the excessively brief and fine hairs being exceedingly scattered.
Head large by being protuberant, not broader than the pronotum, the
face moderately oblique and the genae feebly tumescent ; vertex broadly
arched, not elevated above the pronotum; fastigium very broad,
tumid, feebly decliveut, anteriorly rounded; eyes rather long oval,
fully half as long again as broad, especially in the female, anteriorly
subtruncate, separated above by an exceptionally wide interval, almost
or quite twice as wide as the rather broad frontal costa; antennae slen-
der, about as long (in the female at least) as the head and pronotum
together. Pronotum long, compressed, subequal, narrowed above
anteriorly, the disk nearly plane but the prozona slightly tumid, with
percurrent and equal median cariua, distinct, percurrent, equal and
feebly arcuate lateral carinae, the transverse sulci feebly incised, the
hind margin produced, but very obtusangulate, the inetazona flaring
only in the female and then almost imperceptibly. Prosternal spine
118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
not stout, conico-cylindrical; meso- and metastethia together much
longer than broad in both sexes, the latter narrowing rapidly behind,
so that the portion behind the lobes, more than twice as broad as long,
is scarcely more than half as broad as the metastethium ; interspace
between mesosternal lobes much longer than broad in both sexes and
much narrower than the lobes themselves, the nietasternal lobes more
(male) or less (female) approximate, the interspace in the female scarcely
so broad as, in the male much narrower than, the frontal costa. Teg-
mina abbreviate, overlapping, acuminate. Hind femora very long, the
inferior genicular lobe subpallid, uniform, the hind tibiae with eight to
twelve spines in the outer series. Sides of the first abdominal segment
with a distinct tympanum. Subgenital plate of male with no apical
tubercle, its lateral margins ampliate, basally rectangulate ; cerci lamel-
late, subpyriform, tapering strongly and unequally, the apex produced,
subacuminate and incurved. Abdomen of female regularly tapering,
the ovipositor normally exserted, the valves nearly straight with acute
but smooth costae.
The genus is represented by a single species found in the western
Mississippi valley. When published by Brunner, no species was de-
scribed or even named, but the species here given is the one upon
which the genus was founded and is therefore the type.
PARATYLOTROPIDIA BRUNNERI, new species.
(Plate IX, figs. 4, 5.)
Warm brownish ferruginous, approaching castaneous, inclining to
flavous below, marked with pale flavous. Head protuberant, flavous,
faintly and sparsely punctate with fuscous, above with an anteriorly
tapering, broad, ferrugineo-fuscous or olivaceo-fuscous band, the geuae
behind the eyes more or less distinctly infuscated ; vertex feebly tumid,
not elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes
exceptionally broad, being nearly four times as broad as the basal joint
of the antennae; fastigium very feebly declivent, plane or tumid,
scarcely expanding anteriorly, its lateral margins not in the least ele-
vated, well rounded, its anterior margin well rounded as seen from
above; frontal costa fading just before the clypeus, faintly enlarging
from above downward, above about (male) or fully (female) half as
wide as the interspace between the eyes, feebly sulcate at the ocellus,
coarsely and sparsely punctate throughout; eyes not very large nor
prominent, about as long as the iufraocular portion of the genae; anten-
nae luteo-testaceous, apically infuscated, in the female about two-thirds
as long as the hind femora. Prouotum elongate, compressed, subequal
but feebly enlarging backward on the upper portion of the anterior sec-
tion of the prozona, beyond it equal, the disk very broadly subtectate,
passing by abrupt angles, forming distinct and continuous feebly and
oppositely arcuate lateral carinae facing inward, into the vertical lateral
lobes, which above are very steeply and convexly declivent; whole
NO. 1124. RETlxHtX OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEE. 119
pronotum unicolorous except that the lower portions of the lateral
lobes become gradually flavesceut and the lateral carinae are conspicu-
ously flavous; median carina percurrent, equal, blunt, longitudinally
arcuate on the prozona; front margin subtruncate, hind margin very
obtusangulate, both delicately margined; prozona very longitudinal,
being more than (male) or almost (female) half as long again as broad,
very coarsely and sparsely punctate, half as long again as the finely
ruguloso-punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long, conico cyl-
indrical, erect, blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes twice as
long as broad (male) or fully half as long again as broad (female), the
met asternal lobes approximate (male) or moderately distant (female).
Tegmina subovate, very broad, very rapidly tapering especially by the
oblique excision of the costal margin and the strong apical arcuation of
the inner margin, subacuminate, a little longer than the pronotum,
overlapping, brownish castaneous, the ulnar vein broadly marked with
pale flavous edged anteriorly with blackish fuscous. Fore and middle
femora somewhat enlarged in the male, rufo-flavous; hind femora fl a vo-
testaceous, the outer face and the geuiculation more or less deeply
infuscated especially above, without fasciatiou or maculation of any
kind ; hind tibiae rather deep red or fusco- violaceous, the spines pallid
with black tips, eight to eleven in number in the outer series. Extremity
of male abdomen clavate but very feebly^nlarged, very strongly recurved,
the supraanal plate pretty regularly triangular, as long as broad, the
apex acutangulate, the margins feebly and broadly elevated, the median
sulcus not very deep, terminating with its bordering ridges in the center
of the plate; furcula ?; cerci very broad and somewhat tumid at base,
forming a compressed and slightly tortuous cone, tapering rapidly and
somewhat regularly, but with the slender tip a little produced, curved
slightly inward and downward, bluntly pointed, reaching the tip of the
snpraanal plate; infracercal plates very broad, suddenly narrowing just
beyond the base but easily visible outside the cerci nearly the whole
length of the latter, slightly produced apically to attain the tip of the
supraanal plate; subgenital plate tumid, very broad at apex, partly by
the retrocession of the preceding ventral segment, distinctly broader
than long, the lateral and apical margins together feebly arcuate so
that the apex is slightly elevated, the apical margin as seen from above
acutangulate, entire.
Length of body, male, 29.5 mm., female, 39.5 mm.; antennae, female,
1-..") mm.; pronotum, male, 7.5 mm., female, 9.75 mm.; tegmina, male,
9 mm., female, 11.15 mm.; hind femora, male, 16 mm., female, 18.5 mm.
One male, 1 female. Dakota (L. Bruner); Dallas, Texas, Boll
(U.S.N.M. [Bo. 730.] Riley collection).
The single male (from Dakota) is slightly mutilated, preventing a
description of certain parts. I was at first inclined to regard this as
distinct from Brunner's species, of which he favored me with a descrip-
tion and figure (hitherto unpublished), on account of the representation
120
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XX.
of the lateral carinae of the pronotum iu his figure as arcuate in an
opposite sense to that here described; but his description agrees so
perfectly with the other characteristics of the specimens before ine that
I regard this as an accident. Nevertheless, I append hereto the descrip-
tion furnished by him, with the sketch sent me, which he kindly permits
me to publish (see Plate IX, fig. 5).
PARATYLOTROPIDIA sp.
Colore castaneo. Pronotum disco deplanato, carina media percurrente, necnon
utrinque carina longitudinal! flava delineate. Elytra abbreviata, acumiuata, fascia
flava secundum venam ulnarem ornata. Femora postica carina superiore acuta
iustructa, superne flava. Tibiae posticae fusco-violaceae, spinulis albis, apice nigris.
in utroque niargine iiumero 10 ad 12. Lamina supraanalis $ triangularis, acumi-
uata, plana. Cerci $ deplanata, basi latissimi, apice acnminati. Lamina subgeni-
talis $ eloiigata, ultra apicem laminae supraaualis valde prominula. Ovipositor
valvulis acute costatis sed baud denticulatis.
d"
?
mm.
30
mm.
38
pron
g
10
elytr
9
12
fein post
16 5
20
Patria : Dallas, Texas.
Brunner, 1895.
23. MELANOPLUS.
t, black; OTtXa, armor.)
Melanoplua ST!L, Rec. Orth., I (1873), p. 79.
Body moderately stout, rarely slender, generally feebly compressed,
more or less but generally feebly pilose. Head moderately, rarely not
at all, prominent, generally but little if any longer than the prozona,
unless the latter (as rarely) is distinctly transverse; face almost verti-
cal or a little oblique, its angle with the fastigiuin rarely less than 75;
vertex gently tumid; eyes rounded oval, never more generally less than
half as long again as broad, the anterior margin subtruncate or feebly
convex, separated above rather or very narrowly, at most but little
farther apart than the width of the equal or subequal frontal costa;
fastigiuin more or less sometimes very declivent, passing insensibly into
the frontal costa, always more or less sulcate or with elevated lateral
margins, generally more deeply sulcate in the male than iu the female;
frontal costa moderately prominent, generally sulcate below, usually
more or less punctate; antennae slender, of variable length, but never
very short, never longer than the hind femora, and rarely if ever more
than twice as long as the pronotum, even when this is subtruiicate pos-
teriorly. Pronotum generally subcompressed, rarely or never twice as
long as the average breadth, generally only half as long again as the
average breadth even in the male, the metazona generally more or less
flaring, its disk plane and densely punctate, while that of the prozona
NO. 1124.
R E VISION OF THE ME LA NOPLISC UDDER. 121
is more or less, generally slightly, convex, is rarely at all flaring in
front or only in the very slightest degree, at most faintly punctate and
generally distinctly longer than the metazona; front margin generally
truncate or subtruncate, hind margin obtusangulate to a greater or less
degree, rarely subtruncate; median carina always distinct on the meta-
zoua, generally much less so on the prozona, often subobsolete between
the sulci and never wholly wanting; lateral carinae typically obsolete,
but often indicated by a distinctly abrupt though rounded shoulder,
rarely becoming carinate; lateral lobes vertical or sub vertical, espe-
cially below, often feebly tumid above on the prozoua, and generally
marked by a piceous postocular band, crossing either the prozoua alone
or the whole pronotum, not infrequently broken or maculate. Proster-
nal spine variable, but always prominent; meso- and metastethia to-
gether distinctly longer than broad in both sexes; interspace between
mesosternal lobes generally longer or much longer than broad, never 1
in the least broader than long, even when the sides of the interspace
are very divergent posteriorly (male) or generally quadrate but more
variable than in the other sex, sometimes as narrow as there but more
frequently subtransverse, occasionally in brachypterous forms dis-
tinctly transverse, as a general rule wider than in the other sex (female),
in both always distinctly, generally much, narrower than the lobes them-
selves, except in the few instances 2 where it is distinctly transverse in
the female; metasternal lobes generally attingent or subattingeut,
rarely only approximate (male), or generally approximate or subap-
proximate, the interspace between them generally narrower than the
frontal costa (female); metasternum rapidly narrowing posteriorly, so
that the portion behind the lobes is not, or is hardly more than, half
the greatest width of the metasternum, but is more than twice as broad
as long. Tegmina always present, but either abbreviate and then
lateral, attingent, or overlapping, sometimes shorter and sometimes
longer than, but generally nearly the length of, the pronotum and usually
more or less acuminate apically; or they are fully developed and then
usually about attain or a little surpass the tips of the hind femora,
tapering more or less but very gradually and apically well rounded, at
a distance from the apex equal to the breadth of the tegmina dis-
tinctly narrower than the metazona, the intercalates and cross veins
of the discoidal area (except in the macropterous forms of the dimor-
phic species, M. dawsoni and M. marginatus) relatively numerous at
least in the apical fourth arid usually throughout, the venation in gen-
eral sharp and clearly defined, the humeral vein straight and only api-
cally arcuate, nearly always terminating either on the apical margin
or only a short distance before it, running for some distance almost
exactly parallel to the costal margin or merging insensibly into it, the
1 In two species, M. montanus and M. borealis, it is feebly transverse, but much
narrower than the lobes, and is similar in the two sexes.
* These are M. artemisiae, M. milHaris, and J/. altitudinum.
122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
area intercalata always, even in macropterous forms of dimorphic spe-
cies, extending- somewhat, generally considerably, beyond the middle
of the tegmina. Hind femora moderately long and slender, the infe-
rior genicular lobe with at least a darker basal spot or transverse
band, the hind tibiae with a variable number of spines (generally nine
to fourteen) in the outer series, by rare exception eight only. Abdo-
men more or less compressed, the sides of the first segment with a dis-
tinct tympanum, the extremity in the male more or less sometimes
strongly clavate, usually considerably recurved, the subgenital plate of
variable form, but always with the lateral margins ampliate at the
base and with no distinct apical tubercle, though not infrequently api-
cally produced or subtuberculate and frequently tumescent; cerci
exceedingly variable in form, often enlarging apically, always lamellate
excepting (the lakinus series three species) where they are basally
globose, never styliform, rarely (the puer series two species) in the
least substyliform, generally incurved and of about the length of the
supraanal plate; furcula usually developed and to a very variable
extent, and with variable form; pallium rarely exserted; ovipositor of
female generally fully exserted.
The type of the genus is Acridium femur -rubrum De Geer.
The number of species of Melanoplus is so exceedingly great that I
have endeavored to display their relationships in part by separating
them into groups. Noticing how seldom the characteristic parts of the
male abdomen agreed in the short-winged and long- winged forms, not-
withstanding that one would look for their close agreement, I have first
divided them in the following table into those which are fully equipped
with ample organs of flight and those in which these organs are more
or less undeveloped, and then have subdivided each according to other
characteristics, endeavoring thus to bring into close contiguity those
which appeared to be most nearly allied. I was not a little surprised to
find in how few instances it was possible to combine the brachypterous
and macropterous species in any one of these groups. Even in most
of these, and especially in the dawsoni series (itself somewhat heter-
ogeneous en either side), the collocation is rather forced. The groups
into which I have divided the macropterous forms are far more nat-
ural than those of the brachypterous species, and the portion of the
table relating to the former is therefore much more satisfactory than
the other. I have more than once completely remodeled that relating
to the brachypterous species, but with no greater success than in that
now presented.
Much to my surprise, I find but a couple of species in this genus (M.
dawsoni, M. marginatus) in which there is complete dimorphism shown
in the full development on the one hand and extreme abbreviation on
the other of the organs of flight. In other species, especially in M.fasci-
atus and M. extremis, there is considerable variability, but nowhere
else is it carried to this extreme. It is, however, found in DendroiettiXj
NO. 1124. EEVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER. 123
Plwetaliotes, and Oedaleonotm, each of which is represented by a single
species. I have treated this matter more fully in the Introduction.
The present genus, so richly endowed with species, is naturally very
widely distributed, though so far as known it is completely confined to
the continent of North America, and even does not occur, so far as
reported, 1 south of Mexico. Within this region it is as widespread as
all the other genera, combined. It extends from the arctic circle in
Alaska and on the Mackenzie River, and from northern Labrador and
perhaps southern Greenland on the north, to the extremity of Florida
and southern Mexico on the south, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
It is, however, far richer in species in the west than in the east. Only
seventeen of the one hundred and thirty-one species are found exclusively
east of the Mississippi River ? though four other eastern species barely
cross it; while in the Eocky Mountain region and west of it, and there
only, forty-nine* species are known, while thirty-two others are found
only west of the Mississippi River and seven western species barely x
cross it to the east; six species, as stated in our introduction, range
from Atlantic to Pacific; one occurs only north of our national bound-
aries in Labrador, while nineteen others inhabit Canada; twelve are
found only in Mexico, with ten others which it possesses in common
with the United States.
'These figures show the western preponderance of the species better
than auy summary of the twenty-eight groups into which I have divided
the genus, which, besides being rather unequal in the number of con-
tained species, often show an extremely wide distribution or more than
one center of distribution, in the latter case indicating, perhaps, the
imperfection of the grouping. Still, leaving out the five groups, each
of which contains one or more transcontinental species, it will be noted
that there are three others which compass the continent the mancus
(five species), plebejus (five species), and robustus (five species) series.
Of the twenty remaining, one-half, viz, the flabellifer (six species), bow-
ditchi (six species), glaucipes (two species), utahensis (three species),
devastator (eight species), aridus (three species), rusticus (seven spe-
cies), borckii (six species), cinereus (six species), and packardii (five
species) series extend westward to the Pacific; while only five the
impudicus (one species), dawsoni (seven species), puer (two species),
inornatus (three species), and punctulatus (two species) series reach
eastward to the Atlantic coast; and the remaining five the lakinus
(three species), indigens (one species), alien! (two species \ augustipen-
nis (four species), and texanus (five species) series are found exclu-
sively, or almost exclusively, west of the Mississippi River.
One-half of the series are represented in Mexico, showing rather
'One species, M. lorealis, is reported, in lift., by Brunner to occur at Valdivia,
Chile; as its only other known localities are in the arctic regions, I am inclined
to doubt the correctness of the determination, and presume the material to be
insufficient.
124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
exceptional diversity for its twenty-two species, while ten series are
represented in the twenty species hitherto found in Canada. Nearly ^
all the series have a large latitudinal distribution, the most limited
in this respect being: in the north, the utahensis series (three species),
from Washington and Alberta to Utah and Colorado, and the iudi-
gens series (one species), confined to Idaho ; and in the south the
lakinus series (three species), from Nebraska to central Mexico, the
impudicus series (one species), found only in Georgia and Mississippi,
the aridus series (three species), from Arizona to Jalisco, the puer
series (two species), found in Texas and Florida, and the inonmrus
series (three species), occurring in Illinois, Indiana, North Carolina,
and northern Mexico.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MELANOPLUS. l
A 1 . Tegniina conspicuously shorter than the abdomen, often no longer than pronotuin ;
furcula almost always developed feebly, generally no longer than the last dorsal seg-
ment from which it arises.
1 l . Cerci of male-expanding from the base outward and bullate, abruptly tapering
and bent inward at tip ; subgenital plate of male abruptly elevated apically
(1. Lakinus series).
c 1 . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male nearly twice as long as broad; 2
of female fully half as broad again as long 1. marculentus (p. 139).
c 2 . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male distinctly less than twice as long
as broad; of female barely broader or not broader than long.
d 1 . Hind femora heavily biiasciate above and on the outer face; hind tibiae
blue throughout 2. lakinus (p. 141).
d 2 . Hind femora with feeble signs of bifasciation above only, if at all; hind
tibiae pale red, apically infuscated 3. sonorae (p. 143).
6 2 . Cerci of male tapering in the basal half, usually from the very base, sometimes
throughout, usually laminate; subgenital plate of male of variable elevation
apically.
c 1 . Cerci of male beyond the middle either equal or tapering, sometimes simply
styliform throughout, the tip usually more or less pointed but sometimes broad
or truncate ; metasterual lobes of male attingeut or subattingent. 3
d 1 . Cerci of male very broad and shon, not more than twice as long as the
middle breadth, and broadly rounded at apex (2. Flabellifer series).
e\ Tegmina about half as long as the abdomen and much longer than pro-
notum; cerci of male not longitudinally sulcate apically.
f l . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male twice as broad posteriorly
as anteriorly, the inner margins of the lobes regularly divergent; interval
in female longer than broad; cerci of male but little longer than broad.
7. discolor (p. 149).
/ 2 . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male of nearly equal breadth in
front and behind, the inner margins of the lobes convex; interval in
female transverse; cerci of male nearly twice as long as broad.
8. simplex (p. 150).
1 By permission of the Assistant Secretary, this key has been issued in advance in
the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, XXXVI. No. 154.
2 This interval is of various shapes in different species, cuneiform, clepsydral, or
rectangular, but for the purposes of this table the middle breadth is always taken.
3 The cerci are faintly enlarged apically in M. meridio>iaUs and J/. tcalshii, which
come under this division. See also the note under the alternate category.
NO. 1124.
REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEIt. 125
e 2 . Tegmina shorter than the pronotum; cerci of male deeply sulcate longi-
tudinally at apex and incurved 9. rileyanm (p. 151 ).
d-. Cerci of male more elongate, at least twice, generally much more than
twice, as long as middle breadth, ordinarily more or less acuminate at apex.
e 1 . Cerci of male irregularly tapering or scarcely tapering at all, compressed,
in no sense sty li form.
/'. Subgenital plate of male short and broad, its apical breadth equal to
or surpassing the length of its lateral margin. '
g l . Cerci of male long and very slender, in the middle not one-half the
width of the frontal costa; last dorsal segment of male with a pair of
strongly oblique subinedian sulci outside the furcula .; 2 subgenital plate
not elevated apically (3. Aridus series).
It 1 . Hind margin of pronotum truncato-emarginate; disk of metazona
fully twice as broad as long; tegmina relatively slender, widely dis-
tant.
i l . Disk of prozona coarsely and uniformly punctate; cerci of male
apically enlarged and inferiorly acuminate at apex.
37. humpJireysii (p. 206).
i*. Disk of prozona coarsely punctate only along anterior margin;
cerci of male apically equal, rounded at tip... 38. nitidus (p. 207).
7r 2 . Hind margin of pronotum obtusangulate but subtruncate; disk
of metazona less than twice as broad as long; tegmina relatively
broad, approximate, at least in the male 39. aridits (p. 209).
# 2 . Cerci of male long and broad throughout, sub-equal, broader than
the frontal costa; last dorsal segment of male with no oblique sulci out-
side the furcula ; subgenital plate apically elevated (10. Indigens series).
40. indigene (p. 211).
g*. Cerci of male short or not very long, and broad or moderately
slender, in the middle nearly as broad as if not broader than the frontal
costa ; last dorsal segment of male with no oblique sulci outside the fur-
cula; subgenital plate not elevated apically (11. Mancus series).
h l . Prozona, at least in male, much longer than broad, the disk of the
whole pronotum more than twice as long as the middle breadth, the
median carina percurrent, equal; interval between mesosternal lobes
of male twice as long as broad 41. scudderi (p. 212).
h 2 . Prozona, even in male, transverse, subquadrate or slightly longi-
tudinal, the disk of the whole pronotum less than twice as long as
middle breadth, the median carina often subobsolete between the
sulci : interval between the mesosternal lobes of male not more than
half as long again as broad.
i 1 . Cerci of male rather stout, subequal.
j l . Abdomen of male strongly recurved; forks of furcula diver-
gent, distinctly longer than the last dorsal segment; subgeuital
plate with no apical tubercle 42. (jH letter (p. 215).
/-. Abdomen of male scarcely recurved; forks of furcula parallel,
minute, hardly as long as the last dorsal segment; subgenital
plato with a slight apical tubercle 43. artemisiae (p. 217).
1 Care should be taken not to include in the apical breadth any part of the
membranous integument connecting it with the preceding ventral segment. For
simplicity's sake, the length of the plate is here considered its extent parallel to the
lateral margin (or that margin itself) as seen from the side; its breadth, what would
be its length along the ventral line were it regarded as one of the abdominal
segments.
2 This has not been seen, but is only inferred, in M. Innnpltreysn.
126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE I'M.
i 2 . Cerci rather slender, especially on apical half, of unequal width.
j ] . Tegmina shorter than the pronotum, broadly ronnded or sub-
angulate at apex; cerci long and rather slender, nearly straight as
seen laterally 44. mancua (p. 218).
/ 2 . Teginina as long as or longer than the pronotum, apically
acuminate; cerci short and not very slender, rather strongly bent-
arcuate as seen laterally 45. cancri (p. 219).
/ 2 Subgenital plate of male distinctly narrower than long, often narrow-
ing apically.
g l . Cerci of male tapering but little, generally rather stout, or if slen-
der then tapering almost not at all in apical half, which is never less
than half as broad as the base and is blunt-tipped, rarely, as in M.
jurencus, augulate below.
h l . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male at least half as long
again as broad, sometimes fully twice as long; hind tibiae usually
blue or green (12. Dawsoni series).
i l . Cerci of male apically turned sharply inward at right angles or
even less 46. rejiexus (p. 221).
i' 2 . Cerci of male straight or gently incurved, sometimes curved
more strongly at apex but not bent abruptly at right angles.
j l . Lateral margins of subgenital plate of male, as seen from
above, regularly convergent nearly to the tip; furcula developed
only as slightly swollen lobes 47. meridionalis (p. 223).
j' 2 . Lateral margins of subgeuital plate of male, as seen from
above, basally subparallel, apically rather broadly rounded; fur-
cula developed as a pair of projecting spines or fingers.
k l . Tegmina much shorter than the pronotum, widely separated ;
interval between mesosternal lobes of female distinctly trans-
verse, as broad as the lobes ; subgenital plate of male wrth dis-
tinct though minute apical tubercle 48. militaris (p. 224).
A; 2 . Tegmina longer than the pronotum, overlapping; interval
between mesosternal lobes of female quadrate; subgenital plate
of male with minute apical tubercle or none.
I 1 . Subgenital plate of male not pyramidal, nor elevated
apically except by a minute apical tubercle ; furcula minute,
overlying the supraanal plate by a less distance than the
length of the last dorsal segment; cerci bent roundly inward
at the apex 49. niyrcscens (p. 225).
1-. Subgenital plate of male subpyrauiidal, broadly and
roundly elevated at apex; furcula well developed, reaching
middle of the supraanal plate; cerci very feebly incurved api-
cally 50. dawsoni (p. 227).
A 2 . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male subquadrate, often
gradually widening posteriorly; hind tibiae usually red (13. Kusticus
series).
i 1 . Apical margin of subgenital plate of male more or less elevated
or tuberculate or both, generally well rounded as seen from above,
never transverse.
j 1 . Tegmina attiugent or overlapping; cerci of male apically
rounded ; furcula distinctly developed ; subgeuital plate relatively
long, subequal in breadth.
k 1 . Interspace between the eyes of male broader than the first
antennal joint; cerci of male with arcuate upper margin; sub-
genital plate apically elevated to a greater or less degree, but
never conspicuously.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 127
I 1 . Prosternal spine transverse, apieally truncate or subtrun-
cate; interval between ruesosternal lobes of female slightly
transverse; subgenital plate of male moderately narrow.
53. montanus (p. 232).
I' 2 . Prostemal spine subeonical, bluntly pointed; interval
between mesosternal lobes of female broadly transverse, some-
times as broad as the lobes.
m 1 . Interval between mesosternal lobes of female narrower
than the lobes; cerci of male subequal throughout.
v l . Prozoua but little longer than the metazoua; hind
tibiae uniform in color beyond the patellar spot; tegniina
transversely convex, so that the dorsal and lateral fields
are not distinguished from each other by any angle ; costal
margin of same regularly arcuate.
54. washingtonianus (p. 233).
n~. Prozona much longer than themetazona; hind tibiae
with a broad pallid subbasal aunulation; dorsal and lat-
eral fields of tegmiua set in distinct planes; costal margin
of same augulato-arcuate 55. walsliii (p. 235).
m~. Interval between mesosternal lobes of female fully 'as
broad as the lobes; cerci of male scarcely half as broad in
the apical half as at base 56. altitudinum (p. 236).
A"-. Interspace between the eyes of male no broader than the
first antenna! joint; anal cerci of male with nearly straight
upper margin; subgenital plate not apieally elevated, though
furnished with a backward directed tubercle formed by the
angulation of the margin 57. gracilipes (p. 238).
j 2 . Tegmina lateral, widely separated; cerci of male apieally trun-
cate; furcula obsolescent; subgeuital plate relatively short, of
unequal breadth 58. geniculatus (p. 239).
t 2 . Apical margin of subgenital plate of male neither elevated nor
tuberculate, the margins as seen from above quadrate, apieally
transverse 59. rusticus (p. 240).
g 2 . Cerci of mule tapering distinctly and abruptly, the apical less or
almost less, generally very much less, than half as broad as the basal
portion and more or less acuminate (14. Borckii series).
h l . Subgeuital plate of niaie more or less elevated posteriorly, but
with no distinct apical tubercle.
i 1 . Posterior margin of pronotum not mesially emargin#te ; tegmina
attiugeut or approximate.
/'. Interval between mesosternal lobes of female strongly trans-
verse; lateral carinae of pronotuin rounded so as to be subobso-
lete; postocular piceous band generally distinct, complete, per-
current 60. pacificus (p. 241 ).
j' 2 . Interval between mesosternal lobes of female subquadnite or
feebly transverse; lateral carinae of pronotum distinct; postocu-
lar piceous band generally obsolete or wholly wanting, and even
when distinct wholly confined to the prozona. . 61. borcMi (p. 24o ).
i-. Posterior margin of pronotum uiesially emarginate ; tegmina dis-
tant, lateral.
j l . Color testaceous with feeble or no postocular dark belt.
62. tenuipennis (p. 244).
j' 2 . Color dark fuscous with distinct and broad postocular band, at
least in the male 63. missiouum (p. 246).
h 2 . Subgenital plate of male distinctly tuberculate at tip.
128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
t 1 . Tegmina more or less widely separated, rarely attingent; inter-
val between mesosterual lobes of male twice or nearly twice' as long
again as broad; cerci not finely acuminate at tip.
64. fit stipes (p. 247).
t 2 . Tegmina attingent ; interval between mesosternal lobes of male
only slightly longer than broad ; cerci tapering, rather regular, sub-
falcate, finely acuminate at tip 65. scitulua (p. 249).
e 2 . Cerci of male feebly compressed, substyliform, tapering almost uniformly
throughout, apically acuminate (15. Puer series).
f l . Tegmina attingeut; subgenital plate of male short and broad, its apical
breadth surpassing the length of its lateral margin, not elevated apically.
06. flabellatus (p. 251).
/ 2 . Tegmina distant; subgenital plate of male distinctly narrower than
long, elevated apically 67. puer (p. 252).
c 2 . Cerci of male more or less expanded apically, so as to be broader at some
point beyond the middle than at the middle, spatulate or subspatulate ; meta
sternal lobes of male separated by a variable interval. 1
d 1 . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male quadrate or subquadrate, rarely
(M. amplectens) half as long again as broad; nietasternal lobes of male of
variable width.
e 1 . Subgenital plate of male distinctly narrower than long, often narrowing
apically.
f l . Lateral margins of subgenital plate of male apically meeting more or
less acutely and furnished here with a conical erect tubercle (16. Inornatus
series).
y l . Interval between mesosternal lobes of female slightly longer than
broad; anal cerci of male broadly expanded apically ; apical tubercle of
subgeuital plate of male blunt 68. inornatus (p. 254).
# 2 . Interval between mesosternal lobes of female distinctly transverse; 2
anal cerci of male very feebly expanded apically; apical tubercle of
subgenital plate acute.
h 1 . Hind femora fasciate; apical half of male cerci moderately broad,
the narrowest part more than half as broad as the base; lobes of
furcula short 69. riridipes (p. 255).
h 2 . Hind femora not fasciate; apical half of male cerci very slender,
the narrowest part not more than a third as broad as the base; lobes
of furcula long 70. decorns (p. 257).
/ 2 . Lateral margins of siibgenital plate of male meeting with a rounded
curve, which if apically elevated does not form a conical tubercle
(17. Fasciatus series).
g l . Cerci of male strongly incurved and conspicuously enlarged apically.
h l . Cerci of male very slender, in the middle not one-third as broad as
at base, the apical lobe feebly bifid; furcula developed as slender
spines about a fourth the length of the supraaual plate.
71. attenuatus (p. 259).
7, 2 . Cerci of male stout, in the middle more than half as broad as at
base, the apical lobe single; furcula developed as mere denticulations.
72. amplectens (p. 260).
<7 2 . Cerci of male at most gently if at all incurved, and feebly if at all
enlarged apically.
h l . Metasternal lobes of male subattingent; tegmina shorter than the
pronotum; anal cerci of male straight as seen laterally or slightly
upcurved apically.
'The cerci are barely enlarged apically in M. viridipes, which comes under this
division. See, also, the note under the alternate category.
3 The female of M. decorns is not known.
NO. 1124. RETISIOX OF THE MELANOPLI SCUDDER. 129
i 1 . Cerci of male rounded at tip ; furcula scarcely protruding beyond
the hind margin of the last dorsal segment; apical margin of the
subgenital plate slightly elevated above the lateral margins.
j l . SupraanaJ plate of male suddenly contracted before the tip;
anal cerci regularly incurved throughout; subgenital plate very
broad at base 73. xaltator (p. 2 il).
/-. Supraanal plate of male regularly triangular ; anal cerci slightly
twisted as well as incurved; subgenital plate narrow at base.
74. rolnndipennis (p. 263).
i-. Cerci of male truncate at tip; lobes of furcula long; apical mar-
gin of subgenital plate in no way elevated above the lateral margins.
75. obovaii2)enni8 (p. 264).
/<-. Metasternal lobes of male only approximate; tegmina as long as
or much longer than the pronotum ; anal cerci of male slightly de-
curved apically, or at least inferiorly angulate at apex.
i 1 . Tegmiua not much longer than the pronotnin; cerci of male deli-
cate, tapering considerably in apical half; subgenital plate only
slightly elevated posteriorly, no broader there than at base.
76. jurencHs (p. 266).
i-. Tegmina more than half as long as the abdomen; cerci of male
coarse and stont, tapering but little in basal half; subgenital plate
strongly elevated posteriorly and there very broad.
77. fasciatus (p. 267).
e 3 . Subgenital plate of male short and broad, its apical breadth equal to or
surpassing the length of its lateral margin, see previous note (18. Alleni
series).
f 1 . Tegmina twice as long as pronotum; cerci of male relatively long and
narrow ; male cerci fully three times as long as broad. . 79. alleni (p. 273).
/-. Tegmina of about the length of the pronotum ; cerci of male broad and
relatively short; male cerci not more than twice as long as broad.
80. snowii (p. 274).
d-. Interval between mesosternal lobes of male nearly or quite twice, some-
times more than twice, as long as broad; metasternal lobes of male attingent
or subattiugent.
c 1 . Subgeuital plate of male short and broad, its apical breadth equal to or
surpassing the length of its lateral margin, see previous note (23. Texanus
series).
/'. Tegmina widely separated, lateral; interval between mesosternal lobes
of male more than twice as long as broad; furcula consisting of a pair of
exceptionally broad and short plates 101. dumicoJa (p. 318).
/-. Tegmina subattingent, attingent, or overlapping; interval between
mesosternal lobes of male less, generally much less, than twice as long as
broad ; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate pointed denticulations.
</'. Subgenital plate of male ending in a conical tubercle.
102. cariabilis (p. 319).
y 2 . Subgenital plate of male with no pointed tubercle.
h ] . Lobes of furcula longer than broad; extremity of subgenital plate
of male elevated, but not noticeably recurved; interval between
mesosternal lobes of male hardly more than half as long again as
broad.
1 1 . Apex of male cerci angulate below 103. lepidus (p. 321).
1 2 . Apex of male cerci equally rounded above and below.
104. blatchleyi (p. 322).
Proc. N. M. vol. xx 9
130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
h 2 . Lobes of furcula broader than long; extremity of subgenital plate
of male elevated and considerably recurved ; interval between rneso-
sternal lobes of male nearly or quite twice as long as broad.
105. texanua (p. 324).
e*. Subgenital plate of male distinctly narrower than long, often narrowing
apically (24. Plebejus series).
f l . Hind margin of pronotum distinctly though obtusely angulate; inter-
val between mesosternal lobes of female at least half as long again a>
broad; apical portion of anal cerci of male distinctly and sharply snlcaie
exteriorly 106. plebejus (p. 326).
/ 2 . Hind margin of pronotum rarely angulate, sometimes emarginate :
interval between mesosternal lobes of female (where known) subquadrate;
apical portion of anal cerci of male exteriorly tumid or plane.
g l . Posterior margin of pronotum distinctly emarginate in the middle;
tegmina widely separated; cerci of male elongate, surpassing the supra-
anal plate; subgenital plate broader at base than apically, its apical
margin regularly rounded and even 107. gracilis (p. 327).
g*. Posterior margin of prouotum obtusely angulated or ronnde I trun-
cate, with at most but feeblest sign of any emargination ; tegmina attiu-
geut or overlapping; cerci of male relatively brief, not surpassing the
supraanal plate; subgeuital plate not broader at base than apically, its
apical margin angulate or tuberculate.
/i 1 . Tegmina shorter than prouotum; posterior margin of prouotum
rounded truncate with feeblest signs of mesial emargination; cerei of
male curved slightly upward; subgeuital plate ending in a blunt
rather coarse tubercle 108. inops ( p. 329 )
h". Tegmina longer than pronotum: posterior margin of pronotum
distinctly though very obtusely nngulate; cerci of male curved feebly
downward; subgenital plate ending in a delicate pointed tubercle.
109. marginatns (p. 330;.
A' 2 . Tegmina nearly or quite as long as, or longer than, the abdomen ; furcula usually
well developed, generally at least a quarter as long as the supraanal plate, but some-
times obsolete.
& 1 . Cerci of male rapidly expanding from the base toward the middle, as a whole
broad ?md short, flabellate, rarely twice as long as broad, not expanded apieallv
(2. Flabellifer series).
c 1 . Cerci of male twice as broad in broadest as in narrowest portion.
d l . Subgenital plate of male with a distinct though minute independent ! apica!
tubercle 4. occldentaUs (p. 145).
d-. Subgenital plate* of male with only an obscure trace of apical tubercle.
5. cuncatus (p. 147).
c 2 . Cerci of male with no striking inequality in breadth.. 6. flctbeU-ifcr (p. 148).
&-. Cerci of male tapering from the very base toward the middle, rarely equal in
basal portion/- generally long and slender and rarely as little as twice as long as
broad.
c 1 . Cerci of male beyond the middle either equal or tapering, the tip usually
slender or acuminate, never bifurcate (in M. aler it enlarges feebly).
d l . Furcula of male developed as large llattened lobes, about half as long as
the supraanal plate and exceptionally broad, but apically narrowed by the
considerable excision of their inner side ; subgeuital plate not elevated apieallv
above the lateral margins (3. Bowditchi series).
1 That is, not formed by the culmination of the more or less pyramidal form of the
s.ubgeuital plate.
- In rare instances it expands slightly from the extreme base, but it is then greatly
expanded apically.
NO. 1124. HE VISION OF THE MELANOPLISC UDDER. 131
e } . Body, tegmiua, aud legs almost wholly green, the hind femora not
banded.
/'. Sides of the disk of the prozona with a distinct narrow yellow stripe,
extending to the upper margin of the eyes; passage of the disk of the pro-
notnm into the lateral lobes more gradual than in the alternate category;
hind tibiae green ; antennae apically infuscated 10. herbaceua (p. 153).
/*. Disk of prouotum and summit of head uniform in coloration, the for-
mer passing into the lateral lobes with a more distinct angle than in the
alternate category; hind tibiae blue; antennae uniform.
11. flavescens (p. 155).
e 2 . Body, tegniina, and legs brown or testaceous, the hind femora generally
banded with dark colors.
/'. Forks of the male furcula more or less obliquely or transversely trun-
cate at tip and given an oppositely hooked appearance by the rounded
excision of the inner margin; hind femora generally distinctly banded.
g l . Highly variegated, the lateral lobes of pronotum conspicuously
marked with an unequal bright Savons stripe next the lateral carinae;
male cerci very feebly expanded and externally sulcate apically.
12. pichis (p. 156).
# 2 . Rather uniform in coloring, the lateral lobes with no bright stripe;
male cerci in no way expanded apically and externally tumid rather
than sulcate.
h '. Lateral lobes of prozona wiffli a broad and usually distinct piceous
baud above; tegmina generally distinctly flecked along the middle
line 13. fiowditchi (p. 157).
* h '. Lateral lobes of prozona with a narrow or no distinct band above;
tegmina very obscurely flecked, if at all, along the middle line.
U. favidus (p. 158).
f 2 . Forks of the male furcula rounded symmetrically at tip, the inner
margin scarcely more excised than the outer, so that the forks are straight
and not oppositely hooked ; bands of hind femora scarcely perceptible.
15. elonyatns (p. 160).
d 2 . Furcula of male variously developed, rarely at all unusually broad and
flattened, and then either not apically emarginate on the inner side, or the
subgenital plate is considerably elevated apically, or both.
e ] . Subgenital plate of male almost or quite as broad as the marginal length,
its apical margin generally notched; cerci broad and nearly equally broad
throughout (except sometimes narrowed by the oblique excision of the lower
side of the apical half), the basal half scarcely tapering, the whole rarely
more than twice aud never thrice as long as the middle breadth (except in
a few cases, and tbeu the apical margin of the subgenital plate is mesially
notched), very broadly rounded at apex.
/'. Apical margin of subgenital plate of male not mesially notched; meso-
steruum of male variable.
//'. Apical margin of subgenital plate of male but slightly elevated
above the lateral margins and moderately prolonged posteriorly; meso-
sternum of male in front of lobes flat (4. Glaucipes series).
/i 1 . Prozona of male longer than its posterior breadth; lateral carinae
more pronounced on prozona than on metazona; interval between
mesosternal lobes of male twice as long as broad; hind tibiae blue.
16. ylaucipes (p. 161).
h-. Prozona of male transverse ; lateral carinae more pronounced on
metazona than on prozona; interval between mesosternal lobes of
male subquadrate ; hind tibiae red 17. kennicottii (p. 163).
f/ 3 . Apical margin of subgenital plate of male conspicuously elevated
above the lateral margins and greatly prolonged posteriorly; uiesoster-
132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
num of male in_ front of lobes with a central swelling, forming a blunt
tubercle (5. Utahensis series).
h l . Apical margin of subgenital plate of male entire; l lobes of fur-
cula not exceptionally broad; subgenital plate greatly but not excess-
ively prolonged
1 1 . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male more than twice as
long as broad; of female a little longer than broad; male cerci more
than twice as long as broad; apical margin of subgenital plate of
male, as seen from behind, subtruncate 18. Iruneri (p. 164).
1 2 . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male much less than twice
as long as broad; of female transverse; male cerci less than twice
as long as broad ; apical margin of subgenital plate of male, as seen
from behind, rounded 19. excelsns (p. 166).
h*. Apical margin of subgenital plate of male deeply notched 011 either
side of the middle; lobes of furcula exceptionally broad, subequal
throughout; subgenital plate excessively prolonged.
20. utahensis (p. 167).
/ 2 . Apical margin of subgenital plate of male mesially notched; rnesoster-
num of male in front of lobes with a central swelling, forming a blunt
tubercle (6. Spretus series).
g l . Tegmina extending beyond hind femora, if at all, -by not more than
the length of the pronotum, generally by much less than that; prozona
of male quadrate or very feebly transverse ; cerci of male generally
almost or quite twice as long as broad.
h l . Cerci of male regularly subfalciform, both margins being uni-
formly and distinctly curved rather than bent, and more than twice
as long as median breadth 21. alaskantts (p. 169).
ft 2 . Cerci of male nearly straight as viewed laterally, or slightly bent
upward in apical half, rather than curved.
i 1 . Cerci of male distinctly more than twice as long as median
breadth, the apical half subequal but narrower than the basal half.
j l . Hind tibiae normally pale glaucous; when red, pale red.
fc 1 . Larger, robust; median carina usually as distinct between
the sulci as on the anterior portion of the prozona.
22. affinis (p. 171).
fc 3 . Smaller, slender; median carina usually obsolete or sub-
obsolete between the sulci 23. intermedius (p. 172).
j 2 . Hind tibiae bright red 24. bilitumtits (p. 17-1).
1 3 . Cerci of male not more than twice as long as median breadth,
the apical half not only narrower than the basal half, but itself
tapering throughout, obliquely truncate beneath; hind tibiae
usually red.
j l . Tegmina brief, not nearly reaching the tips of the hind femora;
apical margin of subgenital plate of male greatly elevated.
25. defect tt s (p. 177).
j 2 . Tegmina reaching, generally considerably surpassing, the tips
of the hind femora; apical margin of subgenital plate of maJe
moderately elevated 26. atJanis (p. 178).
</ 2 . Tegmina extending beyond hind femora by the length of the prono-
tum or nearly as much, often by the length of the head and pronotum
combined; prozona of rnale generally strongly transverse; cerci of male
not more than half as long again as broad 27. spretus (p. 184).
1 It is occasionally fissured mesially (perhaps in drying) but not properly notched
or bilobed.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 133
c'\ Breadth of subgeuital plate of male variable, but generally narrower than
long, its apical margin usually entire; cerci rarely less than four times as
long as middle breadth (when less, at least three times as long, and then the
apical margin of the subgeuital plate is entire), generally slender, excepting
sometimes at extreme base when there is great disparity in width between
the basal and apical halves, the basal half generally tapering considerably,
the apical half often much narrower than the basal, rarely showing any
excision of the lower margin, the apex narrowly rounded or bluntly pointed.
/'. Subgeuital plate of male as broad or nearly as broad at apex as at base,
generally elevated apically and often notched (generally narrowly) ; cerci
usually narrowing but little on basal half, the apical half equal and sym-
metrical, bluntly rounded (rarely truncate or angulate) apically.
1 . Apical margin of subgenital plate of male notched with greater or less
distinctness; cerci slender, narrower than the frontal costa, subequal.
straight or only gently incurved (7. Devastator series).
/i 1 . Small species, with tegmina not surpassing the hind femora in
either sex; interval between mesosternal lobes of male distinctly less
than twice as broad as long.
i l . Cerci of male narrowed rather than broadened apically.
j l . External surface of male cerci apically dimpled; furcula with
the tapering portion relatively broad, distinctly flattened, almost
reaching the middle of the supraaual plate.
fc 1 . Prozona of male longitudinal; fingers of furcula parallel;
cerci bent inward apically 28. diminutus (p. 190).
fc 2 . Prozona of male quadrate; lingers of furcula divergent;
cerci gently inonrved throughout 29. consanguineiis (p. 192).
j*. External surface of male cerci silicate through apical third or
more; furcula with the tapering portion very slender, not flat-
tened, not nearly reaching the middle of the supraanal plate.
30. sierranus (p. 193).
i-. Cerci of male feebly erfj^a-rged apically rather than narrowed.
31. ater(p. 194).
/i-'. Medium-sized species, w^ih tegmina almost always surpassing the
hind femora in the male and*usually in both sexes; interval between
mesosternal lobes of male fully twice, generally more than twice, as
long as broad.
i 1 . Tegmiua more or less, generally distinctly and profusely, mac-
ulate.
j [ . Lateral lobes of prozona with a generally distinct black baud,
rarely broken and then by no conspicuous pale oblique stripe.
32. derastator (p. 196).
/-. Lateral lobes of prozona with a distinct black band, always
broken by a conspiuous more or less arcuate oblique pale stripe.
33. virgatus (p. 199).
t 2 . Tegmiua immaculate or with the feeblest possible sign of maeu-
lation.
j { . Whole body, including tegmina, very light colored, having a
bleached appearance with no dark markings, except (and very
rarely) dusky clouds on hind femora 34. uniformis (p. 201).
/'. Whole body, including tegmiua, moderately dark, the lateral
lobes with a darker stripe and the hind femora distinctly though
not conspicuously bifaseiate 35. angelicus (p. 202).
g-. Apical margin of subgenital plate of male entire; cerci either
broad (broader than the frontal costa or fully as broad as it) and sub-
equal ; or else very inequal. tapering rapidly at the base and generally
arcuate; hind tibiae usually red.
134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEl'M. VOL.XX.
ft 1 . Supraanal plate regularly triangular with straight margins; sub-
geiiital plate with a postmarginal tubercle at apex (8. Impudicus
series) 36. impudicus (p. 204).
ft 2 . Supraanal plate with sides more or less irregular or sinuate by
lateral compression or by the depression of the apical half of the
plate; subgenital plate with no postmarginal tubercle though some-
times with the margin itself apically thickened.
1 1 . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male distinctly longer,
generally much longer, th:tn broad and much narrower than the
lobes; metastemal lobes attingent or subattingent in the male (12.
Dawsoni series).
f. Subgenital plate of male broad, at least as broad as long;
cerci incurved feebly and gently or not at. all ; hind tibiae red.
50. dau-soni (p. 227).
j' 2 . Subgenital plate of male rather narrow, narrower than long,
although short; cerci abruptly incurved apically; hind tibiae
yellow.
k ] . Tegmina only attaining the tip of the hind femora; supra-
anal plate of male suddenly depressed in apical half; furcula
. slightly developed, shorter than last dorsal segment.
51. fjlaclstoni (p. 229).
k : . Tegmina considerably surpassing the tip of the hind femora;
supraanal plate of male not apically depressed; furcula well
developed, about one-third as long as the supraanal plate.
52. palmeri (p, 230).
1 2 . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male quadrate, almost or
a little transverse and but little narrower than the lobes; meta-
stemal lobes of male only approximate (17. Fasciatus series).
J 1 . Cerci no slenderer or hardly slenderer on apical than on basal
half, far surpassing the supraanal plate; furcula very slight, not
so long as last dorsal segment 77. fasciatus (p. 267).
j 2 . Cerci much slenderer on apical than on basal half, shorter than
the supraanal plate; furcula long and slender, reaching the mid-
dle of the supraanal plate 78. boreal! 8 (p. 270).
/ 2 . Subgenital plate of male conspicuously narrower at apex than at base
(generally only half as wide), rarely at all elevated at apex above the lateral
margins and never notched ' : cerci always distinctly narrowing on basal
half, the upper angle of the apex prolonged and often subacumiuate (19.
Femur-rubrum series).
(f. Distal half of male cerci much less than half as broad as the extreme
base; interval between mesosterual lobes of male nearly or quite twice
as long as broad ; tegmina usually surpassing the hind femora.
h l . Pronotum marked above with light carmal streaks on a dark
ground ; tegmiua dark olivaceous green 81. plitmbetM (p. 276).
ft-. Pronotura uniform in coloring above; tegmina dark fuscous.
1 1 . Furcula not reaching or scarcely reaching the middle of the
supraanal plate 82. femur-mbrum (p. 278).
1 2 . Furcula extending considerably beyond the middle of the supra-
anal plate 83. propinquus (p. 285;.
g~. Distal half of male cerci distinctly more than half as broad as the
extreme base; interval between mesosterual lobes of male scarcely if at
all longer than broad; tegmina usually falling far short of the tips of
the hind femora.
1 Except in M. monticola, where it is very broadly and shallowly notched by the
tubercular elevation of the lateral extremities of the apical margin.
NO. 1124. iwrisroy OF THE MELAXOPLISCUDDEK. 135
h l . Apical margin of subgenital plate not elevated where it joins the
lateral margins, so thut it is straight as seen from behind.
84. extremus (p. 2X7).
h. Apical margin of subgenital plate elevated to form a tubercle
where it joins the lateral margins, so that it is broadly notched as
seen from behind 85. monticola (p. 290).
c-. Cerci of male more or less expanded apically, so as to be broader at some
point beyond the middle than at the middle, spatulate or snbspatulate or
apically bifurcate.
d l . Cerci of male simply spatulate or subspatulate, at most moderately broad,
apically entire and no broader than at base; furcula always developed as dis-
tinct deuticnlatioiis, generally as long or very long ones.
c 1 . Furcula of male long and prominent, the projecting portion much longer
than the last dorsal segment from which it springs, generally more than a
third as long as the supraanal plate.
f l . Subgenital plate of male only moderately broad at apex, distinctly
narrower than long, never in the least notched and rarely, and then but
slightly, elevated apically; furcula rarely (and then but little) less,
usually more, than half as long as the supraanal plate; hind tibiae green
or blue, rarely (M. complan atipes} reddish yellow (20. Cinereus series).
g l . Furcnla of male only moderately broad at base, tapering uniformly,
not more than half as long as the supraanal plate; cerci uniformly
incurved throughout, not nearly reaching the tip of the supraanal
plate; the latter abruptly and strongly contracted shortly before its
tip.
h l . Prozona of male quadrate or transverse ; apical margin of sub-
genital plate of male, as seen from above, well rounded.
86. bispinosus (p. 292).
h 2 . Prozoua of male a little longer than its basal breadth; apical
margin of subgenital plate of male, as seen from above, rounded
angulate 87. terminal (p. 293).
# 2 . Furcula of male unusually broad at base, usually tapering unequally,
the narrowing beginning beyond the base and leaving a portion of the
apex equal and very slender, the whole considerably more than half the
length of the supraanal plate; cerci bent suddenly inward before the
tip and at the tip reassuming, at least in part, the original course,
reaching the tip of the supraaual plate; the latter with no abrupt pre-
apical constriction.
h l . The distal twist of the male cerci conspicuous and involving the
apical half of the same.
1 1 . Furcula of male narrowing uniformly or almost uniformly through-
out; hind margin of pronotum.very obtusangulate; disk of protiotuni
dotted obscurely if at all with fuscous 88. cyanipes (p. 295).
1 2 . Furcula of male with a considerable part of the apical portion
equal and very slender; hind margin of pronotum only a little
obtusangulate; disk of pronotum generally distinctly dotted with
fuscous 89. cinereus (p. 296).
A 2 . The distal twist of the male cerci inconspicuous, involving only
the extreme tip.
1 1 . Tegmina long and very slender, far surpassing the hind femora,
without distinct spots; hind femora strongly compressed; hind
tibiae reddish yellow 90. complanatipea (p. 298).
1 2 . Tegmina of normal width and but little surpassing the hind
femora, maculate along the discoidal area; hind femora normal;
hind tibiae glaucous 91. canonicus (p. 300).
136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MrSEW. VOL xx.
/ 2 . Subgenital plate of male very broad apically, nearly or quite as broad
as long, apically generally notched, thongb very feebly ; furcula rarely
(and then but little) more than a third the length of the supraanal plate;
hind tibiae usually red, but sometimes blue or green (21. Angustipennis
series).
#' . Hind tibiae red.
ft 1 . Prozona of male subquadrate; tegmina very slender, subequal,
scarcely expanded on the costa; furcula of male with straight sub-
parallel forks 92. comptus (p. 302).
h-. Prozona of male distinctly longitudinal, much longer than its basal
breadth ; tegmina of ordinary breadth and costal expansion, tapering;
furcula of male with arcuate, strongly divergent forks.
93. coccineipes (p. 303).
<jr 2 . Hind tibiae glaucous.
h l . Furcula of male not more than a third as loiig as the supraaual
plate; tegmina lightly maculate or immaculate.
94. angustipennis (p. 305).
ft 2 . Furcula of male more than a third as long as the supraaual plate;
tegmina usually heavily maculate 95. impiger (p. 306) .
e 2 . Furcula of male slight, the projecting portion not longer or s ircely
longer than the last dorsal segment from which it springs.
f 1 . Subgenital plate of male broad, throughout broader than the extreme
base of the cerci ; apical portion of supraaual plate suddenly depressed
just beyond the middle; cerci moderately broad, not much narrowed in
the middle, more or less suddenly bent inward near tip, exteriorly sulcate
at apex (22. Packardii series).
g 1 . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male nearly or quite twice as
long as broad.
A 1 . Median carina of pronotum obsolete or almost obsolete on the pro-
zoua, distinct but low on the metazona; extremity of male cerci
nearly plane exteriorly or merely depressed within the margin ; forks
of furcula conspicuously divergent.
1 1 . Prozona ordinarily with a broad median dark stripe, made more
conspicuous by the much lighter colors on either side, or else light-
brownish testaceous; antennae of male but little more than three-
fourths as long as the hind femora; hind tibiae blue or red.
90. packardii (p. 309).
1 2 . Prozona with uniform dingy coloring on disk ; antennae of male
almost aslong as the hind femora ; hind tibiae red. 97. foedus (p. 311 ).
ft 2 . Median carina of pronotum tolerably distinct on the prozona, at
least anteriorly, distinct and moderately high on the metazona;
extremity of male cerci deeply sulcate exteriorly or else tumid; forks
of furcula parallel or only slightly divergent.
1 1 . Larger species; narrowest part of interval between mesosternal
lobes of male narrower than the narrowest part of frontal costa;
sides of head and prozona rarely with any black band ; interval
between mesosterual lobes of female strongly transverse; hind fem-
ora red beneath ; hind tibiae stout 98. corpulent us (p. 313).
1 2 . Smaller species; narrowest part of interval between mesosternal
lobes of male equal to the narrowest part of frontal costa; sides of
head and prozona with a black baud; interval between mesosterual
lobes of female subquadrate; hind femora yellow beneath; hind
tibiae slender 99. conspersus (p. 315).
# 2 . Interval between mesosterual lobes of male subquadrate.
100. compact u s (p. 316).
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLT SC UDDER. 137
/ 2 . Subgenital plate of male very narrow and narrower apieally than the
extreme base of the cerci ; supraanal plate on the same general plane
throughout; cerci slender and much narrowed in the middle, gradually
incurved, exteriorly tumid at apex (24. Plebejus series).
(f. Subgenital plate of male, as seen from above, apically angulate and
tuberculate 109. maryinaiit8 (p. 330).
2 . Subgeuital plate of male, as seen from above, apically well rounded
and simple 110. paroxyoides (p. 331).
d' 2 . Cerci of male apically bifurcate, or with an inferior submedian process or
abrupt angulatiou, or else expanded so as to be distinctly, generally much,
broader apically than at the extreme base ; furcula wanting or minute, rarely
(JLT. arlzonae) a fourth as long as the supraanal plate.
e 1 . Size small or medium; cerci of male always bifurcate or with an inferior
submedian process or abrupt angalation ; supraaiial plate pretty regularly
triangular, with straight or feebly convex lateral margins; furcula usually
distinctly developed, rarely (M.collinus) wanting; prosternal spine usually
short (25. 'Collinus series).
/'. Lower fork of bifurcation of male cerci much longer than the upper;
apical margin of subgenital plate narrowly, abruptly, and considerably
' ;0 elevated.
ff. Small species; interval between mesosternal lobes of male more than
twice as long as broad ; of female quadrate ; median portion of male
cerci cylindrical, not compressed 111. dlpinm (p. 333).
g-. Very small .species; interval between mesosternal lobes of male half
as long again as broad; of female transverse; median portion of male
cerci compressed 112. infantilis (p. 335).
/-. Upper fork of bifurcation of male cerci longer than the lower, which
is sometimes merely an inferior median or postmedian process; apical
margin of subgenital plate elevated, if at all, only broadly, gradually, and
a little.
</'. Furcula of male distinctly present; apical margin of subgeuital
plate distinctly elevated more or less above the lateral margins.
h 1 . Furcula of male consisting of slender spines, longer than the last
dorsal segment ; base of lateral margins of subgenital plates incurved.
1 1 . Furcula of male less than a fourth as long as the supraanal plate ;
apical half of cerci bent upward from the basal course.
j ] . Prozona of male subquadrate; supraanal plate with the apical
and basal portions in one plane; subgeuital plate of equal or sub-
equal breadth beyond the middle 113. minor (p. 337).
j l . Frozona of male distinctly longitudinal; supraanal plate with
the apical portion distinctly elevated above the median ; snbgen-
ital plate distinctly narrowing beyond the middle. *
114. confusm (p. 339).
1 2 . Furcula of male half as long as the supraaual plate; anal cerci
incurved but otherwise straight 115. arizonae (p. 340).
Ji 2 . Furcnlaof male consisting of brief triangular lobes; base of lateral
margins of subgeuital plate not incurved.
i 1 . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male twice as long as
broad ; upper fork of cerci scarcely bent upward above the trend of
the basal stem.
.;'. Upper fork of male cerci much shorter than the stem; sub-
genital plate shorter than broad 116. keeleri (p. 341).
j~. Upper fork of male cerci nearly as long as the stem; subgen-
ital plate of equal length and breadth 117. deleter (p. 343).
i : . Interval between mesosterual lobes of male scarcely longer than
broad; upper fork of cerci bent distinctly upward.
118. Juridus (p. 344).
138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX
g' 2 . Furcula of male absent; apical margin of subgenital plate not ele-
vated above the lateral margins 119. collinus (p. 346).
e~ 2 . Size medium or large; cerci of male rarely bifurcate or with an inferior
process (and then the insect is of large size, which it never is in the alter-
nate category, and the supraanal plate is distinctly shield-shaped, the apical
half tapering with much greater rapidity than the basal; or the furcula is
absent; or the interval between the mesostenml lobes of the male is three
times as long as broad, which it never is in the alternate category) ; supra-
anal plate of variable shape; furcula either absent or very minutely
developed; prosternal spine tisually long.
f l . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male nearly, fully, or much
more than twice as long as broad ; of female generally longer than broad,
rarely quadrate ; prosternal spine generally long; tegmina usually clear,
or with a marked distinction in color between the dorsal and lateral areas,
or with the angle between the two marked by a conspicuous light-colored
stripe; head less prominent and with less prominent eyes in the male than
in the alternate category, the front margin of the pronotum in no way
flaring to receive the head.
g l . Furcula of male entirely absent, or present only as a minute point
or bead ; hind tibiae usually yellow, but sometimes red (26. Robustus
series).
h l . Tegmina fully equal to or surpassing the hind femora; hind tibiae
yellow.
i ' . Cerci of male boot-shaped, the apical foot as long as the basal leg,
the apical margin deeply emarginate below ; markings of the outer
face of hind femora so run together as to be more longitudinal than
transverse 120. diffcrentlalis (p. 349).
i-. Cerci of male apically expanded only a little more above than
below, the apical margin regularly or almost regularly convex;
markings of outer face of hind femora transverse.
121. robustus (p. 354).
fr 2 . Tegmina somewhat abbreviated, not reaching the extremity of
the hind femora; hind tibiae red or reddish yellow.
i 1 . Apical margin of male cerci convex or augulato-convex.
j l . Tegmina distinctly and considerably spotted with fuscous on
the lateral face ; cerci of male nearly equal on proximal half, the
apical margin convex 122. viola (p. 355).
j-. Tegmina almost uniformly fuscous on lateral face ; cerci of male
distinctly tapering on proximal half, the apical margin broadly
angulate 123. clypeatm (p. 357).
i 3 . Male cerci apically forked, the apical border being deeply
emarginate 124. furcatns (p. 358).
g". Furcula of male distinctly present, though always very small, angu-
late, the angle rarely produced; hind tibiae never yellow, usually red,
rarely purplish and yellow at tip (27. Bivittatus series).
7t l . Interval between mesosternal lobes of male distinctly more than
twice as long as broad; pronotum with conspicuous light-colored
lateral stripes on the disk, their outer margin at the position of lateral
carinae.
i 1 . Cerci of male very much more expanded apically above than
below, the apical border slightly emargiuate below.
j*. Hind tibiae clear red throughout 125. fcmoratus (p. 360).
/-. Hind tibiae purplish basally, yellow, rarely reddish, apically.
126. Innltatns (p. 363).
i : . Cerci of male apically expanded but little more above than below ;
the apical border convex, with no emargiuatioii below
127. thomaki (p. 368).
NO. 1124. RETTSION OF THE MELANOPLI SCUDDER. 139
h*. Interval between niesosternal lobes of male a little less than twice
as long as broad; proiiotum nnicolorous on disk, any lateral stripes
being confined to the position of lateral carinae.
i 1 . Prozona of male feebly longitudinal; apical margin of sub-
genital plate considerably elevated and truncate; furcula formed of
apically rectangulate lobes 128. yarrowii (p. 369).
-. Prozona of male distinctly longitudinal; apical margin of sub-
genital plate considerably prolonged and subtuberculate; furcula
formed of rounded lobes with a slight prolongation
129. oUraceus (p. 370).
/*. Interval between niesosternal lobes of male subquadrate; of female
transverse; prosternal spine short; tegmina maculate with roundish fus-
cous spots; eyes of male and head prominent, the front margin of the pro-
notum flaring to receive the head (28. Punctulatus series).
</'. Of large size: furcula present as a pair of very small denticulations;
apical margin of male cerci broadly convex, feebly emarginate on the
lower half 130. arboretis (p. 372).
g 2 . Of medium size; furcula wanting; apical margin of male cerci
augulato-convex with no inferior emargiuation. 131. punctulatm (p. 371).
1. LAKINUS SERIES.
In this small and compact group the prozona of the male is longitu-
dinal, and the interspace between the mesosternal lobes in the same
sex longer than broad, sometimes twice as long as broad. The anten-
nae are rather short. The tegmina are but little longer than the pro-
notum, overlapping, and apically acuminate. The hind tibiae are glau-
cous (or pale red) with nine to twelve (normally ten) spines in the outer
series.
The supraanal plate is subtriangular, with rather plane surface,
except for the rather prominent ridges bordering and forming between
them the median sulcus; the furcula consists of a pair of pointed slen-
der teeth but little longer than the last dorsal segment; the cerci are
very peculiar, enlarging and bullate beyond the base, but with angu-
lar imirgins, sulcate inferiorly, compressed but longitudinally convex
exteriorly, abruptly narrowing beyond the middle and incurved, ending
in a superior, short, flattened finger directed toward the tip of the
supraanal plate; the subgenital plate is very short and apically very
broad, subconical, with a strongly and abruptly elevated though
laterally brief apical margin.
The three species belonging here are rather bulky insects, rather
above the medium size for the genus, and they range from southwestern
Nebraska and Colorado to central Mexico.
i. MELANOPLUS MARCULENTUS, new species.
(Plate X, fig. 1.)
Pezolettij- nutrcuJentus BRUNEI*!, MS.
Brownish fuscous, often more or less testaceous. Head brownish
testaceous, tending to flavous above, where there is a rather broad
posteriorly enlarging median streak and a broad submedian brownish
140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
pieeous band; vertex somewhat tumid, barely elevated above the
pronotuin, the interspace between the eyes nearly (male) or much
more than (female) twice as broad as the first antenna! joint; fastig-
ium distinctly sulcate, with elevated rounded margins; frontal costa
fading just before the clypeus at least in the male, slightly narrowed
above, as broad as the interspace between the eyes (or barely nar-
rower in the female), slightly sulcate excepting above, punctate
throughout; eyes of moderate size, slightly prominent in the male,
barely longer (male) or barely shorter (female) than the infraocular
portion of the geuae; antennae rufous, sometimes a little infuscated
apically, two-thirds (male) or less than three-fifths (female) as long-
as the hind femora. Pronotum slightly (male) or distinctly (female)
enlarging from in front posteriorly, the disk rounded subtectiform,
passing by a distinct but rounded angle into the gently tumid sub-
vertical lateral lobes, often with feeble subflavous lateral stripes next
the lateral carinae, the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona
occupied by a more or less distinct blackish (sometimes pieeous) belt,
sometimes followed below by luteous flecks; median carina percurrent
but less distinct on the prozona than on the metazona, generally sub-
obsolete between the sulci in the male; front margin faintly convex,
hind margin very broadly obtusangulate, sometimes rotundato-obtus-
angulate; prozoua distinctly longitudinal (male) or faintly longitudinal
or quadrate (female), fully a third (male) or but little (female) longer
than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long,
appressed conical, rather bluntly pointed, a little retrorse; interspace
between mesosternal lobes from half as long again as broad to twice
as broad with divergent sides (male) or transverse but much narrower
than the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes subattingent (male) or
approximate (female). Tegmina ovate lanceolate, apically acuminate,
overlapping, somewhat longer than the pronotum, brownish fuscous,
generally with a narrow median line of alternating blackish and flavous
dots or' dashes; wings pale flavous, sublinear, aborted. Fore and
middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora testaceous,
more or less suffused either with ferruginous or olivaceous, the outer
face often iufuscated, especially in the upper half, the upper face and
especially its inner half bimaculate with blackish fuscous, which some-
times invades the flavo-testaceous inner face, the lower face more or
less rufous or ferruginous, the geiiicular arc pieeous; hind tibiae glau-
cous, the spines pallid at base, black a-pically, nine to twelve (usually
ten) in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen
clavate but apically conical, much recurved, the supraanal plate tri-
angular, with feebly convex sides, bluntly acutangulate apex, and
surface nearly plane except for the rather high, percurrent but apic-
ally obsolescent, submedian ridges bounding the moderately narrow
median sulcus; furcula consisting of a pair of small and short, sub-
parallel, tapering, pointed fingers or spines lying on the outer side of
NO. 1124. REriSIOX OF THE MELAXOPLI SCUDDER. 141
the submedian ridges of the supraanal plate, and projecting over it by
a little more than the length of the last dorsal segment; cerei bullate,
strongly incurved, exteriorly flattened but a little convex longitudi-
nally, at first enlarging and swelling, the inferior margin bent roundly
at a right angle in the middle (before which the margin itself is trans-
versely abruptly rectangulate, beyond it acutangulate, so that the lower
face is sulcate), then suddenly contracted, with the upper portion pro-
duced as a short, tapering, bluntly pointed, compressed finger, which
does not reach the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate very
much broader than long, subconical, the apical margin abruptly and
greatly elevated, thickened and well rounded.
Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 22.5 mm.; antennae, male, 7
mm., female, 7.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 6 mm., female, 7.25 mm.; hind
femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 13.5 mm.
Thirty-two males, 42 females. Montelovez, Ooahuila, Mexico, Sep-
tember 20, E. Palmer; Sierra Kola, Tamaulipas, Mexico, December
3-6, E. Palmer; Sierra de San Miguelito, and mountains twelve leagues
east of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E. Palmer; San Luis Potosi, Mexico,
October, E. Palmer, E. Barroeta; Bledos, San Luis Potosi, Mexico,
October 1, E. Palmer; Zacatecas, Mexico, November (L. Bruner) ; Aguas
Calientes, Mexico, November (L. Bruner).
2. MELANOPLUS LAKINUS.
(Plate X, fig. 2.)
Pezolettix lakiniis SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 79-80;
Cent. Ortli. (1879), pp. 68-69. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883),
p. 59; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 136; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893),
p. 27.
Vertex of the head gently tumid, scarcely elevated above the pro-
notum, the interspace between the eyes half as broad again as the first
autennal joint; fastigium broad, shallow, flat, expanding in front, the
bounding walls low and thick ; frontal costa moderate, slightly expanded
at the ocellus, sulcate almost throughout, only the summit flat, about
as broad as the interspace between the eyes; eyes rather small, not
prominent, about as long as the infraocular portion of the genae; anten-
nae about three-fourths (male) or about two-thirds (female) as long as
the hind femora. Pronotum short, especially in the female, but simple,
expanding slightly posteriorly, either half of the lateral lobes of the
prozona slightly and independently tumid in the male; front border
truncate, hind border very little angulated and rounded; median carina
slight but distinct, equal; lateral carinae well marked, forming a nearly
square shoulder, especially on the hinder portion of the prozona; pro-
zona longitudinal (male) or subquadrate (female), slightly (male) or
scarcely (female) longer than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal
spine moderately long, a little shorter in the female than in the male,
142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
conical, feebly oppressed, slightly retrorse; interspace between meso-
sternal lobes half as long again as broad (male) or subquadrate (female),
the metasternal lobes attfngent (male) or approximate (female.) Teg-
inina abbreviate, overlapping, lanceolate, sharply pointed, longer than
the pronotum, fully twice as long as broad, their inner and costal mar-
gins about equally convex. Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate,
considerably recurved, bluntly conical, the supraanal plate triangular,
as long as broad, the sides nearly straight, the tip rounded; furcula
consisting of a pair of rather distant processes, broad at base, with a
slight tapering pointed projection, the whole very small; cerci very
tumid, sphcrico-triangular at base, carinate on the posterior outer
margin, with a slight, equal,- and blunt-tipped finger, shorter than the
base, extending inward and upward from the basal swelling; subgeni-
tal plate short, considerably broader at apex than long, because the
extreme posterior margin is produced to form a rather large rounded
elevation nearly as high as broad.
The general color is a brownish griseous, tinged below with yellcw-
ish; the antennae are dark and sometimes darker apically; along the
top of the head and pronotum is a blackish fuscous rather broad
median stripe, sometimes broadening in patches, sometimes obsolete;
the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona is marked by a
broad blackish fuscous belt, which is often separated from the front
margin and the frequent extension of the band to the eyes by a nar-
row yellow line. The teginina are uniformly griseous, with a slender
median line of alternate yellowish and fuscous flecks, often obsolete.
The hind femora are lighter or darker testaceous, with two very broad,
oblique, blackish purple belts, which do not reach the pale orange
under surface; hind tibiae dull glaucous, the spines pale at base, black
tipped, ten to eleven, usually ten, in number in the outer series. Sides
of abdomen marked with black at base.
Length of body, male, 22 mm., female, 30 mm. ; antennae, male, 9 mm.,
female, 9.5 mm.; tegmiua, male and female, 7 mm.; hind femora, male,
12.5 mm., female, 14 mm.
Seven males, 7 females. Between Lincoln, Nebraska, and Denver,
Colorado, October 3; Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas, 3,000 feet, Sep-
tember 1; Colorado (C. P. Gillette); Colorado, 5,500 feet, Morrison;
Pueblo, Colorado, 4,700 feet, August 30-31; Las Cruces, Donna Ana
County, New Mexico, T. D. A. Cockerell.
It is also reported from southwest Nebraska (Bruner).
This species is very closely allied to the last, differing from it in its
narrower interspace between the sternal lobes, the oblique bands on
the outer face of the hind femora, the more distant forks of the furcula
of the male, and the stouter apical process of the subgeuital plate;
the cerci are much the same.
NO. 1121. EE VISION OF THE MELANOPLI-SCUDDEK. 143
3. MELANOPLUS SONORAE, new species;
(Plate X, fig. 3.)
Pale testaceous (alcoholic specimens). Head not prominent, uniform
in coloring except for a sometimes obsolete median black stripe on sum-
mit, and a broad postocular piceous baud; vertex feebly tumid, not or
slightly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes
half as broad again (male), or nearly twice as broad (female) as the first
anteunal joint: fastigium steeply declivent, silicate throughout, more
broadly in the female than in the male; frontal costa percurreut, rather
prominent above but shallow below, equal except for a sudden and
slight contraction between the antennae, 1 fiilly as broad as the inter-
space between the eyes, faintly sulcate at and below the ocellus, finely
and faintly punctate throughout; eyes of medium size and prominence,
longer, in the male much longer, than the intraocular portion of the
geuae; antennae testaceous, nearly two-thirds (male) or one-half (female)
as long as the hind femora. Pronotum compressed, unusually equal,
scarcely or not expanding on the metazona, the disk very uniform,
broadly convex, passing by a rounded angle into the iuferiorly vertical
faintly tumid lateral lobes without forming lateral cariuae; a broad
piceous belt, sometimes obscured, occupies the upper half of the lateral
lobes of theprozona; median carina distinct, percurrent, equal; front
margin subtruucate, hind margin very obtusangulate; prozoua dis-
tinctly (male) or feebly (female) longitudinal, about a fourth longer
than the finely punctate metazoua, which encroaches upon it mesially
by the angularity of the principal sulcus. Prosternal spine rather
long, appressed conical, a little retrorse, bluntly pointed; interspace
between mesosternal lobes subequal, a little longer than broad (male)
or transverse but narrower than the lobes (female). Tegmiua abbre-
viate, ovate-lanceolate, overlapping, from a little longer than the pro-
uotum to a third as long again, apically rather abruptly acuminate,
brownish-testaceous, sometimes with feeble signs of a slender line of
maculations. Fore and middle femora of the male a little tumid; hind
femora slender, testaceous (apparently olivaceo testaceous), sometimes
bimaculate with fuscous on the inner half of the upper face, with black
genicnlar arc; hind tibiae pale red (?), apically infuscated, the spines
pallid at base and black beyond, ten to. eleven, rarely twelve, in num-
ber in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, strongly
recurved, the supraanal plate triangular but suddenly tapering a little
more rapidly just before the rectaugulate apex, the margins not in the
least elevated, the surface sloping in a concave curve to the summit of
the very sharp and rather high submedian ridges inclosing the very
deep and rather narrow percurreut median sulcus, whose margins are
1 In one female specimen this is abnormally extended to nearly the whole supra-
ocellar region, narrowing the costa by one-half.
144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL xx.
a little contracted in the middle; furcula consisting of a pair of rather
distant, moderately slender, scarcely tapering, blunt, dark denticula-
tions, overlying the outer slopes of the subinedian ridges of the supra-
anal plate, and extending over the plate by only a little more than the
length of the last dorsal segment; cerci strongly cornpressed-bulLite
just beyond the base, the bullate portion broader than long and exte-
riorly very strongly and longitudinally convex, beneath sulcate, the
whole bullate portion abruptly narrowing and terminating in a com-
pressed, indirected, round-tipped, equal and short finger, falling a little
short of the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate short, sub-
conical, and apically very broad by the abrupt rounded production of
the apical margin, the process of about equal height and posterior
breadth, entire.
Length of body, male, 16 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male, 6.5
mm. (est), female, 6 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 6 mm.; hind
femora, male, 10.25 mm., female, 12 mm.
One male, 4 females. Souora, Mexico, A. Schott, Mexican Boundary
Survey.
This species differs from the preceding two in the uniformity of the
pronotura, which does not expand posteriorly, and has a uniformly
sharp median cariua throughout; it is also lighter bodied and less
heavily marked.
2. FLABELLIFEK SERIES.
In this series, one of the few which combines macropterous and bra-
chypterous forms, the male prozona is feebly or distinctly longitudinal,
occasionally quadrate, the interspace between the mesosternal lobes of
the same sex varying from quadrate to half as long again as broad, or
somewhat more. The tegmina are either fully developed, though at
most but slightly surpassing the hind femora, much and irregularly
maculate; or half as long as the abdomen, heavily marked in the dis-
coidal field and subacuminate; or shorter than the pronotum and then
apically rounded. The length of the tegmina in each species, however,
is fixed. The hind tibiae are blue, with nine to eleven spines in the
outer series, or, in some brachypterous forms, red, with ten to thirteen
spines in the outer series.
The supraanal plate is triangular, rather longer than broad, with no
or slightly developed transverse ridges. The furcula is minute or sub-
obsolete, except in a single instance where it is small. The cerci are
broad,' often excessively broad and nabellate, enlarging from the base
toward the middle, at least in the macropterous forms, rarely as much
as twice as long as broad, broadly rounded apically. The subgeuital
plate is short and broad, sometimes with a slight apical tubercle, the
lateral margins straight, the apical margin not elevated, or only in a
single instance.
M. rileyanus is the most aberrant form, having very brief tegmma,
NO. 1124.
i;i:rrxrox OF THE MELAXOPLISCVDDKH. 145
the furcula longer than the last dorsal segment, and the lateral margins
of the subgenital plate slightly elevated apically.
The species, six in number, are evenly divided between macropterous
and brachypterous forms and this is the only homogeneous series of
Melanoplus in which they are so of small or rather small size, and are
found only in the district to the west of the Mississippi and mainly in
the Cordilleran region. They have not been reported north of the
United States, and a single species has been found to extend south of
our boundary in northern Mexico; while another species is known only
from California and is the only one occurring west of the Sierra Nevada,
(the same species, M. rileyanus, mentioned above).
4. MELANOPLUS OCCIDENTALIS.
(Plate X, fig. 4.)
Caloptenm occidental THOMAS !, Aim. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1872), p. 453,
pi. n, tig. 2. GLOVER, 111. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pi. xi, fig. 2. THOMAS!,
Rep.U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 161;?, Rep. Geol. Geogr. Surv. 100th
mer.,V (1875), p. 893;?, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sc., I (1876), p.261. SCUDDER, Bull.
U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 11(1876), p. 261. THOMAS, ibid., IV (1878), p. 484.
BRUNER, Cau. Ent., IX (1877), p. 145. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Ent. Conmi., I
(1878), p. 43. BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., II (1883), p. 9; ibid.,
Ill (1883), p. 60.
Melanoplus variolosus SCUDDER!, Proc. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 67-68;
Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 56-57. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883)
p. 61.
Melanoplus occidental BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 28.
Of medium or rather small size. Head very slightly elevated, a very
little arched; fastigium rather shallow, particularly in the female, the
margins in front of the eyes blunt, gently diverging and then converg-
ing, but in the female subparallel; interspace between the eyes as
broad (male) or half as broad again (female) as the first autenual joint;
frontal costa more than usually prominent, about as broad as the inter-
space between the eyes, scarcely contracted above, scarcely enlarged
at the ocellus, at and below which it is somewhat sulcate; e^es rather
prominent, anteriorly truncate; antennae somewhat more (male) or
slightly less (female) than three-fourths as long as the hind femora.
Pronotuni enlarging on the metazoua, laterally subturaid in an irregu-
lar way on the prozona, the metazona faintly punctate; front margin
feebly convex, with a feeble median emargiuatiou ; hind margin roundly
obtusangulate; median carina distinct on the nietazona, faint on the
prozona, obsolete between the sulci; sides of the pronotum hardly
shouldered or with very rounded shoulders; transverse sulci of pro-
zona pretty distinct and continuous; prozona longitudinal, a little
longer than the metazona (male) or transverse, no longer than the
metazona (female). Prosternal spine rather short, oppressed conical,
broadly rounded at tip, a little retrorse; interspace between mesoster-
nal lobes about half as long again as broad (male) or transverse (female).
Proc. N. M. vol. xx 10
146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. xx.
Tegmina extending to or a little beyond the tip of the abdomen, slender,
scarcely tapering, profusely maculate throughout, as described below.
Supraanal plate of male rounded triangular, pointed, fully as broad as
long; furcula consisting of minute triangular denticles; cerci flabel-
late, each consisti g of a very broad, upturned lateral lamella, whose
anterior edge is gently convex, whose lower is strongly convex only at
the expanded base and there thickened, the tip rounded, angular, and
the whole half as long again as the extreme width; subgenital plate
shallowly scoop-shaped, the apical edge entire, but just below it, at the
extremity, a conical tubercle. Basal tooth of the lower valve- of the
ovipositor of the female sharp, triangular, nearly as long as broad.
The general color is a ferruginous-brown above, mottled strongly with
blackish-fuscous, livid brown below; a blackish-brown median stripe,
broadening posteriorly, passes from between the eyes to the back of
the head, but seldom continues, and then less deeply, upon the proiio-
tum; the face and genae vary from yellow to testaceous and are sel-
dom blotched by dusky colors, excepting on the genae; the antennae
are of a lighter or darker testaceous, and are scarcely infuscated at tip;
a more or less broken black patch occupies the upper part of the
anterior half of the lateral lobes. The tegmina are dark brownish
cinereous, with a slender median yellow stripe, frequently broken by
quadrate fuscous or blackish spots, and similar spots are scattered
rather distantly all over the tegmiua, giving them an unusually
speckled appearance; wings hyaline, the veins glaucous, except ante-
riorly. Hind femora variable, either with oblique pale patches on a
dark ground or and generally the reverse; hind tibiae glaucous, with
black-tipped spines, ten or eleven in number in the outer series.
Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 25 mm.; antennae, male, 0.5
mm., female, 10.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 16 ram., female, 21 mm.; hind
femora, male, 11.5 mm., female, 14 mm.
Sixteen males, 12 females. Yellowstone, Montana (U.S.N.M. Kiley
collection); Eastern Wyoming (same); Sweetwater and Cotton wood,
Wyoming (same) ; Cheyenne, Laramie County, Wyoming (same) ; Doug-
las, Converse County, Wyoming, Bruner (same); Sidney, Cheyenne
County, Nebraska, August (L. Bruner); Fort Robinson, Dawes
County, Nebraska, August 22, Bruner ( U.S.N.M. Eiley collection);
Western Kansas, July (same); La-kin, Kearny County, Kansas, 3,000
feet, September 1; Colorado, 5,500 feet, Morrison; Pueblo, Colorado,
4,700 feet, July 8-9, August 30-31; Garden of the Gods, El Paso
County, Colorado; Salida, Chatfee County, Colorado, July 3 (U.S.
U.M. Elley collection); Magdalena, Socorro County, New Mexico
(University of Kansas); Fort Wingate, Bernalillo County, New Mex-
ico (U.S.N.M. Riley collection).
It has also been reported from Bismarck, North Dakota (Bruner),
Minnesota (Thomas), Salt Lake, Utah (Scudder), and Spring Lake, Utah
(Thomas).
NO. 1124. UKVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER. 147
5. MELANOPLUS CUNEATUS, new species.
(Plate X, fig. 5.)
Melanoplns citncatus BRUNER!, MS.
Brownisli testaceous, darker above. Head luteo-testaeeous, witli
the lateral ridges of the fastigium black, the posterior part of the
vertex with a median triangular blackish stripe, a broken black edging
to the upper posterior part of the eyes and, joining it, a black band
behind the eyes; vertex tumid, much elevated above the pronotuin,
the interspace between the eyes not very broad, about as broad as the
basal antenna! joint, the fastigium deeply sulcate; frontal costa sub-
equal, rather narrower than the interspace between the eyes, shallowly
sulcate excepting above: eyes rather large, prominent, about as long
as the iiifraocular portion of the geuae; antennae fulvo testaceous,
about three-fourths as long as the hind femora. Pronotum feebly
constricted mesially, expanding almost as much anteriorly as posteri-
orly, the front margin feebly convex, the hind margin obtusangulate,
the lateral lobes lighter colored than the disk, but on the prozoua
marked above with a broken blackish fuscous band, the impressed
middle line of the posterior section black; median cariua percurrent,
but slighter on the prozona than on the inetazona, subobsolete between
the sulci, the lateral carinae forming a rounded shoulder on the meta-
zona, obsolete on the prozona. Prosternal spine moderately short,
appressed conical, blunt, slightly retrorse; interspace between meso-
sterual lobes of male half as long again as broad. Tegmina surpassing
a little the hind femora, not very slender, subequal, much maculate
along the discoidal area but not elsewhere; wings hyaline. Hind
femora brownish testaceous, crossed above and externally by two very
oblique fuscous bars, which above are premedian and postmedian, the
inner and under surfaces pale coralline, the genicular arc black; hind
tibiae glaucous with a slender dusky patellar spot, the spines black nearly
to the base, nine to ten, usually ten, in number in the outer series.
Extremity of male abdomen feebly compressed, not clavate, scarcely
upturned, the supraanal plate triangular, either lateral half broadly
and shallowly sulcate and separated by sharp but not very high walls
from the rather deep and apically narrowing and fading median sulcus;
furcula composed of a pair of minute projecting angulations surmount-
ing the ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci bent inwards almost from
the base, very broad, broadening mesially by their inferior expansion,
the lower margin suddenly bent at the middle, so that the apical half
narrows rapidly and has an upward direction, well and rather narrowly
rounded, even subangulate, at tip, the whole only half as long again
as broad and yet longer than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate
exceedingly small and of about equal length and breadth, subcouical,
with scarcely any trace of an apical tubercle, except that formed by
the shape of the plate as a whole.
148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Length of body, male, 21 mm. 5 antennae, 9 mm.; tegmina, 16.5 mm.;
hind femora, 12 mm.
Three males. Silver City, Grant County, Xew Mexico, (U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection) ; Fort Grant, Graham County, Arizona (same); and
Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona, Palmer.
6. MELANOPLUS FLABELLIFER.
(Plate X, fig. 6.)
Melanoplus flabellifer SCUDDKR!, Proc. Best. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 68-69;
Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 57-58. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm , III (1883),
p. 61; Bull. Waskb. Coll., I (1886), p. 200; Publ. Xebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893),
p. 28.
Melanoplns occidentalis TOWXSEND!, Iiis. Life, VI (1893), p. 31.
Of rather small size. Head scarcely elevated, well arched; inter-
space between the" eyes rather broader than the first joint of the
antennae, the fastigiuin faintly subspatulate, pretty deep, with abrupt
but blunt, rounded walls; frontal costa narrower than the interspace
between the eyes, slightly contracted above and very slightly ju>t
below the ocellus; otherwise scarcely enlarging from above downward,
scarcely depressed above the ocellus, strongly sulcate at and below the
same; eyes neither large nor very prominent; antennae pale castaneous,
paler, at base, about three-fourths (male) or less than two-thirds
(female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotuin rather simple, the
metazona expanding somewhat, the unequal halves of the prozoua each
slightly tumid laterally, and as a whole slightly expanding anteriorly;
front margin feebly sinuate, hind margin roundly obtusangulate;
median carina nearly obsolete between the sulci, but otherwise nearly
equal; transverse sulci of the prozona pretty distinct, the posterior
severing the median carina; metazona scarcely punctate ; prozona sub-
quadrate, slightly longer than the metazona, or, in the female, some-
times subequal. Prosternal spine short, stout, appressed conical, very
blunt tipped, hardly retrorse; interspace between the mesosternal
lobes subquadrate, a little longer than broad (male) or transverse
(female). Tegmina reaching (female) or slightly surpassing (male) the
tip of the hind femora, not very slender, subequal. Supraanal plate of
male triangular, bluntly pointed, the sides a little convex, rather longer
than broad; furcula formed of distinct, pointed, triangular teeth; cerci
large, flabellate, upturned, twice as long as the mean breadth, tapering
but little, the extremity broadly rounded ; subgeuital plate prow-shaped,
straight, ending in a blunt conical projection.
The general color is ciuereo-plumbeous, the head and pronotum dusky
above, with the usual black belt behind the eye, extending over the
prozona. Tegmina dark fuscous, especially at base, sprinkled with
dusky spots; wings hyaline, sometimes with a feeble bluish tinge, the
anterior venation dusky. Hind femora livid brown on the outer face,
heavily marked with rufo-fuscous in oblique bands, orange beneath;
NO. 1124. REnsiox OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER. 149
liiml tibiae rather dark glaucous, the spines black, nine to eleven in
number in the outer series.
Length of body, male, 16.5 mm., female, 18 mm.; antennae, male, 7.2
mm., female, mm.; tegmina, male, 13.75 mm., female, 13.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 9.5 mm., female, 9.75 mm.
Nine males, 5 females. Montana (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Fin-
iMy County, Kansas, September, H. W. Meuke (University of Kansas);
between Smoky Hill, Kansas, and Denver, Colorado, September, L.
^gassiz (Museum Comparative Zoology); Colorado Springs, El Paso
County, Colorado, August, B. S. Tucker (same); Garden of the Gods,
El Paso County, Colorado, October 6; South Park, Colorado, 8-10,000
feet, August 11, 16; Salt Lake Valley, Utah, September (U.S.N.M.
Kiley collection); Johnson's Basin, New Mexico, June 22, Townsend
(L. Bruner) ; Zacatecas, Mexico, November (same).
It is also reported by Bruner from Idaho, Wyoming, and western
Nebraska.
7. MELANOPLUS DISCOLOR.
(Plate X, fig. 7.)
Pezotettix discolor SCUDDKR!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 81-82;
Cent. Ortb. (1879), pp. 70-71. BKUNKR, Eep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883),
p. 58.
Vertex tumid, considerably elevated above the pronotum; inter-
space between the eyes half as broad again as the basal antennal joint,
the fastigium shallow, indistinct, broad, enlarging apically; frontal costa
broad, equal, flat (male) or slightly tumid (female) above, sulcate
below; antennae three-fourths (male) or hardly two thirds (female) as
long as the hind femora. Pronotum simple, scarcely enlarging on the
metazona, the front border straight, the hind border roundly and
broadly angulate; median carina distinct though rather slight, equal;
lateral carinae scarcely perceptible; metazona faintly punctate; pro-
zomi slightly longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), about a fourth
longer than the metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, cylin-
drical, blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes twice (male)
or almost twice (female) as long as broad; metasternal lobes attingent
(male) or approximate (female). Tegmina a little longer than head and
pronotum together, tapering, the dorsal and lateral fields angularly
separate. Supiaanal plate of male triangular, longer than broad,
pointed, the sides straight; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate,
small, triangular teeth, the tips a little produced ; cerci forming on each
side a broad, semicircular, rounded flap, the upper side concave, the
lower convex, the tip rounded, the whole in one plane; subgenital plate
conical, longer than broad, the tip compressed.
The general color is a yellowish or cinereous brown above, a paler
brownish yellow below. The antennae are pale red, infuscated apically ;
a very broad, straight, piceous belt, slightly larger behind than in
front, extends from behind the eyes across the prozona, its upper edge
150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
at the lateral carinae; an oblique cuneiform yellow dash, the apex in
front and above, follows the ridge of the inetathoracic episterna, mar-
gined on either side by an equal piceous belt. The dorsal field of the
tegmina is of the same color as the disk of the pronotum, or occasionally
a little paler, while the lateral field is nearly always much darker
brown, the discoidal area marked by dashes of blackish fuscous, which
occasionally suffuses nearly the whole of the lateral field. The hind
femora are twice barred with blackish above, and have more or less
blackish fuscous on their outer face; while the under portion of the
femora is yellowish, and the hind tibiae red with black-tipped spines,
twelve, rarely thirteen, in number in the outer series.
Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 25 mm.; antennae, male, 9
mm., female, 18.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 8 mm., female, 9.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 12 mm., female, 13.5 mm.
Three males, 6 females. Dallas, Texas, J. Boll
8. MELANOPLUS SIMPLEX, new species.
(Plate X, fig. 8.)
Ashen brown, darker above, sometimes darker throughout, with
a postocular piceous band. Head not at all prominent, luteo-testaceous
with a feeble olivaceous tinge, the summit with a pair of submedian
triangular stripes posteriorly; vertex tumid, elevated above the prono-
tum, the interspace between the eyes not very narrow, slightly broader
than the first antennal joint; fastigium strongly declivent, broadly
sulcate anteriorly, more deeply in the male than in the female; frontal
costa as broad as the interspace between the eyes, equal, faintly
depressed at the ocellus, sedately punctate at the sides; eyes rather
large, rather prominent in the male, a little longer than the intraocular
portion of the genae; antennae dark ferruginous, about two-thirds as
long as the hind femora, of similar relative length in the two sexes.
Pronotum short, subequal, scarcely enlarging posteriorly, slightly
darker on the disk than on the lateral lobes and more or less feebly
punctate or blotched with fuscous, the lateral lobes with a broad, equal,
piceous band, extending from behind the eyes across the upper part of
the prozona; front margin feebly convex, hind margin broadly angu-
late; the median carina sharper on the metazona than on the prozona
but hardly more prominent, the disk separated from the slightly tumid
lateral lobes by a blunt angle, but without distinct lateral carinae;
prozona in both sexes slightly longitudinal, about a fourth longer than
the feebly punctate inetazona. Prosternal spine rather long, not slen
der, and erect, cylindrical and very blunt (male) or conical but not
acuminate (female); interspace between mesosternal lobes somewhat
longer than broad (male) or distinctly transverse (female), the ineta
sternal lobes attingent over a short space (male) or approximate
(female). Tegmina slightly or considerably longer than the head and
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 151
pronotum together, sublanceolate, subacuminate, browDish fuscous, the
discoidal area sometimes with feebly alternating darker and lighter
dashes. Hind femora externally varying from fusco-olivaceous to fusco-
testaceous, the lower and inner faces flavous, the latter as well as the
inner half of the upper face barred at base and before and beyond the
middle with fuscous or blackish fuscous, the outer half of the upper face
more or less infuscated throughout, the genicular arc black; hind tibiae
red, the spines black only on their apical half, eleven or twelve in number
in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen slightly clavate, much
upturned, the supraanal plate triangular with straight sides and acute
apex, the rather broad, deep, median sulcus bounded by very high,
sharp walls; furcula consisting of a pair of minute, acute denticula
tions overlying the ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci broad, arcuate,
especially by the curvature of the lower margin, tapering only in the
apical half, well rounded apically, much less than twice as long as
broad, but nearly as long as the supraanal plate, hardly incurved, the
apical portion feebly sulcate exteriorly ; infracercal plates large, basally
nearly as broad as the cerci, rapidly narrowing and extending slightly
beyond the supraanal plate; subgenital plate broad and rather short,
the lateral margins straight, apically acutely rounded, neither prolonged
nor elevated.
Length of body, male, 14 mm., female, 20 mm.; antennae, male, 6.5
mm., female, 7.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 5 mm., female. 8.25 mm.; hind
femora, male, 9 mm,, female, 11 mm.
Two males, 1 female. Colorado, 5,500 feet, Morrison (S. Heushaw;
S. H. Scudder).
9. MELANOPLUS RILEYANUS (new species).
( Plate X, fig. 9.)
Pezotettijc rileyanus McNEiix!, MS.
Dark brownish testaceous, with a broad, lateral piceous stripe. Head
rather prominent, dark testaceous, sometimes with a feeble olivaceous
tinge, much flecked and punctate with fuscous, above much infus-
cated; vertex somewhat tumid, distinctly elevated above the pronotum,
the interspace between the eyes rather narrow, narrower than the first
antennal joint (male) or rather broad, distinctly broader than that joint
(female), the fastigium with slight, raised, rounded ridges next the eyes,
but otherwise scarcely sulcate (female) or distinctly sulcate throughout
(male) ; frontal costa moderately broad, fully as broad as (male) or rather
narrower than (female) the interspace between the eyes, subequal,
strongly punctate throughout, feebly sulcate at and below the ocellus;
eyes large and moderately prominent, distinctly longer than the infra-
ocular portion of the genae; antennae luteo testaceous, nearly (male) or
but little more than half (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum
152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
rather short and subequal, faintly constricted mesially, more or less
fciintly punctate with fuscous above, the lateral lobes with a broad
piceous belt crossing the prozoua above, and sometimes continued across
the metazona, but usually obsolete or subobsolete there, sometimes
fading, sometimes sharply denned below, the lower portion of the lobes
usually lighter colored than elsewhere, repeating the color of the genae;
front margin subtruncate, hind margin very broadly rotundato-angu-
late, in some females with no sign of augulation but very broadly
convex; median carina percurrent but generally feebler on the prozona;
lateral carinae marked by a distinct though rounded angle; prozona
distinctly longitudinal (male) or subquadrate (female), one-fourth to
one-third longer than the closely punctate metazoua. Prosternal spine
short (female) or very short (male), conical, erect; interspace between
the mesosternal lobes nearly twice as long as broad (male) or slightly
longer than broad (female). Tegmina ovate, well rounded, much less
than twice as long as broad, rather shorter than tbe pronotum, brown-
ish fuscous, generally cinereous in the anal field. Hind femora fusco-
ferruginous or fusco testaceous, twice banded rather obliquely with
black, which is confluent on the lower half of the outer face, so as to leave
above a large basal and median patch of the lighter color; the lower
face is reddish, and the genicular arc fuscous; hind tibiae glaucous,
often mottled or suffused with luteous toward the base, and generally
with a basal anulus of the same, the spines black in their apical half,
ten to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdo-
men oblong clavate, well rounded, well upturned, the supraaual plate
triangular with slightly convex sides and rectangulate apex, the median
sulcus slender, not very deep, and percurrent, bounded by sharp
but not very high walls; furcula consisting of a pair of elongate,
slender, parallel, straight denticulations or fingers as long as the last
dorsal segment, resting outside the ridges of the supraaual plate;
cerci enlarging slightly at the base, then gradually enlarging in the
basai half, beyond equal, apically well rounded, the whole forming a
broad, much incurved and slightly torqueate plate, whose apical half
is so deeply sulcate that its longitudinal halves are nearly at right
angles; infracercal plates concealed; subgenital plate broad, fully as
broad as long, the lateral margins abruptly elevated a little apically,
but not prolonged posteriorly, the apical margin strongly rounded,
entire.
Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 20 mm.; antennae, male, 9
mm., female, mm.; tegmiua, male, 3 mm., female, 4.25 mm.; hind
femora, male, 10 mm., female, 11 mm.
Six males, 17 females. Yuba County, California (L. Bruner); Moun-
tains near Lake Tahoe, Placer County, California, October, Heushaw,
Wheeler's expedition, 1876; Kern County, California, October (U.S.
N.M.); Kern County, California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M. Eiley collec-
tion); Los Angeles County, California, May, September, Coquillett
(same).
NO. 1124.
REVISION OF TEE M EL ASOPLI SC UDDER. 153
3. BOWDITCHI SERIES.
In this series the male prozona is slightly longitudinal, and the inter-
space between the mesosternal lobes exceptionally narrow, being more
than twice, in the male.several times, as long as broad, while the meta
sternal lobes are attingent over considerable space in the male, approxi-
mate in the female. The tegmina, especially those of the male, are
rarely, and then but little, maculate, always fully developed and sur-
passing the hind femora; the hind tibiae are green or blue, with nine to
eleven, usually ten, spines in the outer series. The antennae are of very
unequal length in the two sexes.
The supraanal plate is more or less clypeate, the apex always well
angulate, and the median sulcus almost or quite obsolete; the most
striking feature is the furcula, which -consists of a pair of long, very
broad, parallel, depressed plates, reaching about to the middle of the
supraanal plate and at base largely concealing it, apically narrowed
partly or wholly by their interior rounded emargination ; the cerci are
small, the apical portion subequal, nearly straight, and about half as
broad as the base; the subgenital plate is somewhat narrower than
long, subequal, apically extended slightly but not elevated, the lateral
margins straight and on a line with the upper side of the last abdomi-
nal segments, the apical margin well rounded as seen from above and
entire.
The species, six in number, are of medium or rather large size and
are found almost altogether in the southwest; only one is known east of
the Mississippi, .and that only in the neighborhood of the main stream.
10. MELANOPLUS HERBACEUS.
(Plate X, fig. 10.)
Melanoplus Jierbaceus BRUNER!, Bull. Div. Enfc. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXVIII (1893),
pp. 25-26, fig. 13ab. TOWNSEND, Ins. Life, VI (1893), p. 31. BRUNR, Rep. St.
Hort. Soc. Nebr., 1894, p. 163 (1894).
Grass green, more or less obscured with brownish olivaceous,
almost the only markings being a broad dark green baud extending
from behind the eye across the prozona, directly beneath which ,ue
lateral lobes are often spotted with tiavous; and, less frequently,
a dusky green dorsal band from the posterior end of the fastigium
across the prozona, occupying most of the disk and leaving between
itk*ind the lateral band only a narrow greenish flavous stripe on -the
lateral carinae. Head feebly prominent, the vertex gently tumid, the
interspace between the eyes moderately broad, as broad as the frontal
costa; the fastigium gently declivent and deeply and broadly sulcate;
frontal costa percurrent, equal, sulcate throughout, deeply excepting
above; eyes rather large, rather prominent, very much longer than
broad; antennae a little longer than (male) or about two-thirds as
154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
long as (female) the hind femora, ferruginous, more or less infuscated
apically. Pronotum subequal on the prozona, the nietazoua expanding
gently, the front margin subtruncate, the hind margin obtusely angnlate,
the angle well rounded, the disk gently convex, passing insensibly into
the lateral lobes, the median carina slight on the metazona, indicated
only by a pallid line on the prozona, the metazona closely and delicately
punctate, the prozona a little longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female),
slightly longer than the metazona. Prosternal spine long, conical,
erect, blunt, a little shorter in the female than in the male; sternum
sparsely punctate, the interval between the niesosternal lobes consid-
erably more than twice (male) or fully twice (female) as long as broad,
the metasternal lobes attingent over a considerable space (male) or
approximate (female). Tegmina slender, gently tapering, well rounded
at tip, surpassing considerably the tips of the hind femora, without
markings; wings ample, pellucid, the veins and cross veins glaucous,
more and more infuscated apically. Femora green, or more or less
infuscated or embrowned, the hind pair rarely having the upper face
infuscated with feeble, never distinct, fuscous clouds, the genicular arc
more or less testaceous above; hind tibiae very faintly incurved, green
becoming feebly flavescent apically, the spines rather short, pallid
green, briefly black tipped, ten in number in the outer series.
Extremity of the male abdomen subclavate, upturned, the supraanal
plate subclypeate, narrowing gently in the basal, rapidly in the apical
half, slightly constricted in the middle of the basal half, the apex
rectangulate, the sides broadly and considerably elevated, the rest of
the surface plane with a scarcely perceptible median sulcus, except
apically where it is slight; furcula consisting of a pair of very large,
broad, depressed plates, originating at the base of the last dorsal
segment and reaching almost to the middle of the supraanal plate,
subequal and attingent for half their length, beyond with their inner
margin roundly excised, the apex obliquely and broadly truncate, so that
the inner apical angle is acute; cerci rather small, rapidly narrowing
on the basal half by the declivence of the upper margin, beyond equal,
compressed cylindrical, blunt tipped, straight, distinctly shorter than
the supraanal plate and not greatly surpassing the last ventral
segment; subgenital plate moderately narrow, subequal, the lateral
margin straight, the apex not in the least elevated and but feebly
prolonged, strongly rounded as viewed from above.
Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 28.5 mm.; antennae, male,
13 mm., female, 9.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 21 mm., female 23.5 mm.;
hind femora, male, 12 mm., female, 14.3 mm.
Seven males, eight females. El Paso, Texas, November (U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection; L. Bruner); Albuquerque, Berualillo County, New
Mexico, August, Snow (University of Kansas); Las Cruces, Donna Ana
County, New Mexico, October, ovipositing, T. D. A. Cockerell; Fort
Grant, Graham County, Arizona (U.S.N.M. Biley collection).
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCUDDEB. 155
Bruner states that it also occurs "across the line in Mexican territory
for some distance," and that it is confined to river bottoms, where it
feeds on low vegetation, but is rarely seen on the ground.
ii. MELANOPLUS FLAVESCENS, new species.
(Plate XI, fig. 1.)
Uniform pale flavous tinged with green, the upper part of the lateral
lobes with a broad olivaceous baud, extending from the eyes across
the prozona and feebly marking the lateral carinae of the metazona.
Head uniform in coloring and, except for the band mentioned, as light
above as below; vertex gently tumid, the interspace between the eyes
moderate, scarcely narrower than the frontal costa, the fastigium
descending with the curvature of the vertex, rather deeply and broadly
sulcate throughout; frontal costa prominent above, moderately broad,
equal, percurrent, deeply sulcate excepting above but with rounded
margins, above seriately punctate at the sides; eyes rather large and
rather prominent; antennae almost as long as the hind femora (male),
the first two joints flavous, the rest salmon red. Pronotum subequal,
feebly enlarging at the metazona, tlie front margin feebly convex, the
hind margin obtusely angulate, the angle rounded, the disk gently con-
vex on the prozona with no lateral carinae, on the metazona plane
with obscure rounded lateral carinae, the median carina distinct
though slight on the metazona, wanting in front; prozona distinctly
longitudinal, smooth, a third longer than the closely punctate metazona.
Prosternal spine rather long, regularly conical, erect, blunt tipped;
interspace between mesosternal lobes of male very slender, many times
longer than broad, the metasterual lobes attingent over a wide space.
Tegmina slender, very feebly tapering, well rounded apically, surpass-
ing considerably the hind femora, greenish-yellow at base, nearly pel-
lucid on apical half, without markings; wings pellucid with a scarcely
perceptible glaucous tinge, the veins and cross veins fusco-glaucous.
Fore and middle femora flavous with a tinge of olivaceous; hind femora
golden yellow on the outer face, growing pallid below ; elsewhere flavous
with a distinct fulvous tinge on lower and inner sides, the genicular arc
testaceous, stained with fuscous; hind tibiae glaucous, pallid at extreme
base, the spines pallid on basal, black on apical half, ten in number in
the outer series. Extreini ty of male abdomen feebly clavate, upturned,
the supraanal plate obscurely clypeate, the lateral margins raised con-
siderably throughout, pinched just before the middle and just before
the tip, and so somewhat torqueate, the median sulcus only apparent
and then slight in apical half; furcula consisting of a pair of large,
broad, strongly depressed, longitudinally arcuate plates, which, meas-
uring from the base of the last dorsal segment, are about twice as long
as broad, in the basal half attingent, in their apical half strongly and
roundly excised interiorly, apically obliquely and broadly truncate, ter-
minating acutely at the inner hinder angle, and hardly reaching the
156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
middle of the supraanal plate; eerci rather small, tapering in the
basal three-fifths, gently and equally above and below, beyond equal,
less than half as broad as the base, exteriorly sulcate apically, the tip
blunt and not nearly reaching the tip of the supraanal plate; subgen-
ilal plate as in M. herbaceus.
Length of body, male, 25.5 mm,; antennae, 13! mm.; tegmina, 23
mm.; hind femora, 14 mm.
One male. San Diego, California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M. Kiley collec-
tion).
This species is very closely allied to the preceding, from which it
differs by its color and pattern, by the differently shaped male cerci and
furcula, by the extreme narrowness of the interspace between the
mesosternal lobes, and by the less sharply margined frontal costa.
12. MELANOPLUS PICTUS, new species.
(Plate XI, fig. 2.)
Melanoplus pictus BRUNER!, MS.
A little above the medium size, highly variegated in coloring. Head
slightly prominent, bright flavous, irregularly and profusely mottled
and blotched with blackish fuscous, least and more delicately so above;
vertex moderately tumid, raised slightly above the level of the prono-
tum, the interspace between the eyes narrow, narrower than the first
joint of the antennae; fastigium rapidly and roundly declivent, distinctly
sulcate throughout; frontal costa rather prominent above, subequul,
considerably broader than the interspace between the eyes, just failing
to reach the clypeus, distinctly sulcate excepting above, where it is
biseriately punctate; eyes rather large, long, and prominent, much
longer than the intraocular portion of the geuae; antennae nearly as
long as the hind femora, flavous throughout. Pronotum subequal,
enlarging a little on the metazona, the sides of the prozona a little
tumid independently on each zone, the disk pilose, gently convex,
passing by a rounded shoulder into the inferiorly vertical lateral lobes,
the median carina distinct on the metazoua, subobsolete on the pro-
zona, obsolete between the sulci; front margin faintly convex with a
slight median emargination, hind margin obtusangulate, the angle well
rounded; pronotuin mostly brownish fuscous, irregularly enlivened by
bright flavous, especially on the anterior part of the disk, on the upper
most part of the lateral lobe-*, and on the lower part of the metazona of
the same, the brown deepening in color on the upper third or more
of the prozona; prozona slightly longitudinal, scarcely longer than
the densely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather short, stout,
conical, blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes of male
nearly three times as long as broad, the metasternal lobes subattingent.
Tegmina long, slender, subequal, far surpassing the hind femora,
brownish with a roseate tinge on the basal half, scarcely flecked with
NO. 1124. I ;i: VISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 157
paler maculations along the middle line; wings rather narrow, hyaline,
the veins very pale blue, becoming iiifuscated apically and anteriorly.
Legs liavous, banded with fuscous, the hind femora unequally trifasciate
with blackish fuscous, the fasciation only distinct above, the outer face
more or less olivaceous, the inner face sanguineous, and a postmedian
sanguineous patch below, the genicular arc black, and the whole genic-
ulation flecked with fuscous; hind tibiae purplish fuscous, marked
with dull flavous between the spines, which are black, becoming pallid
ba sally, flavous interiorly, eleven in number in the outer series. Ex-
tremity of male abdomen hardly clavate or recurved, the supraanal
plate subclypeate, the margins strongly and roundly bent beyond the
middle, the apex slightly produced, subrectangulate, and pointed,
the sides strongly and broadly elevated in the proximal half, the
median sulcus slight and only perceptible in apical half; furcula con-
sisting of a pair of broad flattened plates slightly more than twice as
long as broad, reaching to the middle of the supraanal plate, beyond
the middle roundly and obliquely emarginate on the inner side, apically
roundly and obliquely truncate exteriorly; cerci moderately broad at
base, almost immediately tapering rapidly by the excision of the upper
margin, so that the distal three-fourths forms a compressed subequal
finger, barely expanding at the tip, the exterior surface slightly
impressed or subsulcate apically, the whole straight, except for being
slightly bent inward near the middle, failing to reach the tip of the
supraanal plate; subgenital plate forming a regular well rounded
flaring scoop, the margin nowhere elevated, entire, the plate consider-
ably narrower apically than at base, and much longer than broad.
Length of body, male, 27 mm. ; antennae, 12.5 mm. ; tegmina, 24 mm. ;
hind femora, 14 mm.
One male. Bradshaw Mountain, Arizona, June 21 (L. Bruner).
13. MELANOPLUS BOWDITCHI.
(Plate XI, fig. 3.)
Melanoplus bowditchi SCUDDER!, Proc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), p. 72;
Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 61. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p.
61; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 27. TOWNSEND, Ins. Life, VI
(1893), p. 31.
Of medium size. Head slightly elevated, moderately arched above;
interspace between the eyes about half as broad again as the first
autennal joint, a little broader in the female than in the male; fastigium
rather shallowly sulcate, subspatulate in form, the lateral margins
thick and low; frontal costa equal, plane above, sulcate at and below
the ocellus; eyes rather large, rather prominent, especially in the male.
Prouotum simple, the metazona slightly expanding, punctulate, the
median carina slight but distinct upon it, but wholly wanting in front;
lateral carinae obsolete; transverse sulci of prozona distinct, sub-
continuous across the middle. Tegmiua very slender, extending beyond
158 PROCEEDINGS OF TEE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
(male) or fully to (female) the tip of the abdomen. Supraanal plate sub-
quadrate, longer than broad, the lateral margins subparallel on basal
half, beyond tapering rapidly, the tip triangularly produced, sharply
angulated; plates of furcnla stout, depressed, attingent at base, beyond
with the inner margins separated at an angle of 45, the outer mar-
gins straight and parallel, the extremity obliquely docked and scarcely
incurved, more than half the length of the supraanal plate and nearly
three times as long as the basal breadth; anal cerci forming long,
slender, straight, compressed fingers, much expanded above at the
extreme base, beyond scarcely tapering, bluntly and roundly terminated,
directed backward, somewhat upward and a little inward, about as
long as the first hind tarsal joint; subgenital plate elongated scoop-
shaped, the extremity a little produced, entire; basal tooth of lower
valve of ovipositor of female blunt, triangular, large, broader than
long.
The general color is a grayish brown, the eyes margined above with
dull pale-yellow, the face and geuae olivaceous with transverse mot-
tlings of dusky ferruginous; antennae dull pale castaneous; behind the
eye a broad piceous belt, sometimes broken, sometimes entire, crosses
the prozona on the upper half of the lateral lobes; disk of pronotum
brownish yellow, heavily punctate or mottled with fuscous. Tegmina
with an obscure median series of alternate dusky and pallid spots;
hind femora brownish yellow, more or less tinged with plumbeous, the
incisures dusky, with faint indications on upper surface of dusky trans-
verse stripes; hind tibiae bluish green, sometimes dotted with black
and with black spines, ten in number in the outer series.
Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 26 mm.; antennae, male, 10
mm.; tegmina, male and female, 20 mm.; hind femora, male, 13 mm.,
female, 14 mm.
Four males, 3 females. Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas, 3,000 feet,
September 1; Pueblo, Colorado, 4,700 feet, August 30-31; Chaves,
Bernalillo County, New Mexico, August 6 (L. Brnner); Las Cruces,
Donna Ana County, New Mexico, July 8, T. D. A. Cockerell.
It is also reported by Townsend from Sabmal, Socorro County, and
Belen, Valencia County, New Mexico, August 7.
14. MELANOPLUS FLAVIDUS.
(Plate XI, fig. 4.)
Melanoplus flavidus SCUDDER!, Proc. Best. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), p. 74;
Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 63. BRUNER. Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 61;
Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 38; ibid., I (1886), p. 200; Publ. Nebr. Acad.
Sci., Ill (1893), p. 27.
Melanoplus cenchri MCNEILL!, Psyche, VI (1891), pp. 74-75.
Moderately large in size. Head rather large, slightly elevated and
well arched above; interspace between the eyes nearly (male) or quite
(female) half as broad again as the first antennal joint; fastighmi shal-
'no. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER. 159
low, broad, subequal, the sides moderately narrow but low (male) or
scarcely sulcate (female); frontal costa broad, equal, plane (male) or
tumid (female) above, at and below the ocellus broadly and rather
deeply sulcate; eyes pretty large but not very prominent. Prouotum
with the prozona equal, the metazona expanding and punctato-rugulose;
median cariua slight but distinct on the metazoua, obsolete or subobso-
lete on the prozona; lateral carinae subobsolete; transverse sulci of
prozona slight but distinct, continuous. Tegmiua extending a very
little way beyond the abdomen, surpassing the hind femora. Supraanal
plate regularly clypeate, about as broad as long; plates of the furcula
shaped much as in M. bowditchi, but thickened at the tip, as long as
the cerci or nearly two-thirds as long as the supraanal plate; the cerci
have a triangular base and a long, straight, slender, bluntly terminated,
equal finger extending backward and upward and inclined inward,
starting from the lower posterior portion of the base; it is as long as
the terminal joint of the hind tarsi; subgenital plate scoop-shaped,
well rounded as viewed from above, the tip scarcely produced, entire.
The general color is greenish yellow, sometimes a little iufuscated
above, the head frequently mottled with fuscous; antennae uniform
yellowish; the usual stripe behind the eye over the upper portion of the
lateral lobes of the pronotum is generally reduced to a very narrow
dusky stripe next or on the lateral carinae, diminishing in breadth pos-
teriorly; or if it is broader, it sometimes invades the disk rather than
the lateral lobes; the disk has a median dusky line and the summit of
the head a dusky basal triangle. The tegmina partake of the general
lively tone to a less extent, and the paler median stripe, distinct only
at base, is seldom flecked intermittently with fuscous; hind femera yel-
low, the upper half of the outer face dusky, and two oblique dusky
patches often occur above; hind tibiae glaucous, the spines white or
glaucous, black tipped, ten to eleven in number in the outer series.
Length of body, male, 20.5 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male,
13 mm., female, 9.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 20.5 mm., female, 22 mm.;
hind femora, male, 14 mm., female, 15 mm.
Eighteen males, 20 females. Yellowstone, Montana, August (U.S.N.
M. Riley collection); Sidney, Cheyenne County, Nebraska, August
(L. Bruner); Moline, Rock Island County, Illinois. August 27, J. Mc-
Neill; Denver, Arapahoe County, Colorado, October 5; Morrison, Jef-
ferson County, Colorado, August 9; Colorado Springs, El Paso County,
Colorado, August, E. S. Tucker (University of Kansas); Garden of
the Gods, El Paso County, Colorado, October 6; Carrizo Springs, Dim-
mit County, Texas, August, Dr. A. Walgyinar (U.S.N.M. Riley
collection); Las Cruces, Donna Ana County, New Mexico, July 8, T.
1). A. Cockerell; Tucson, Pima County, Arizona (U.S.N.M. Kiley
collection).
It is also reported by Bruner from Barber and Comanche counties,
Kansas.
160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL xx.
McNeill found it in Illinois only on high sandy ground where the
sole vegetation was Cenchrus, and the grasshoppers were -'colored so
nearly like the yellow sand that they were difficult to see when only
two or three feet away."
A single specimen from Colorado which apparently belongs here, but
is too much injured to determine with certainty, has the hind tibiae
pale red.
15. MELANOPLUS ELONGATUS, new cpecies.
(Plate XI, fig. 5.)
Long and slender bodied, warm brownish fuscous, sometimes more or
less ferruginous, with feeble markings. Head slightly prominent, dull
plumbeo-flavous, much obscured with fuscous, especially above and in
a band behind the eyes; vertex gently tumid, the interspace between
the eyes rather narrow, narrower than (male) or rather broad, broader
than (female) the frontal costa; fasti gin m descending with tolerable
rapidity, broadly and deeply (male) or shallowly (female) sulcate
throughout; frontal costa moderately broad, equal, deeply sulcate
excepting above, where it is seriately punctate next the margins; eyes
tolerably large, not very prominent, rather elongate; antennae slightly
shorter than (male) or about two-thirds as long as (female) the hind
femora, fulvo-luteous, infuscated apically. Prouotum gently enlarging
posteriorly, the front margin subtruncate, the hind margin somewhat
obtusely angulate, the angle well rounded, the disk nearly plane, pass-
ing by a rounded angle into the inferiorly vertical lateral lobes, the
median carina distinct though slight on the metazona, feebly percepti-
ble on the prozona; lateral lobes marked above more or less obscurely
with a broad fuscous stripe crossing the prozona, immediately below it
sometimes enlivened with paler flecks; prozona feebly longitudinal
(male) or feebly transverse (female), but little longer than the closely
and finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine long, erect, conico-
cylindrical, blunt tipped ; interspace between inesosternal lobes several
times longer than broad, especially in the male, the metasternal lobes
attingent in part (male) or approximate (female). Tegmina very long
and slender, scarcely tapering, well rounded apically, feebly and very
minutely flecked, extending far beyond the femoral tips; wings ample,
pellucid, the veins and cross- veins blackish fuscous. Femora ferrugineo-
testaceous, the hind pair more or less and irregularly clouded with fus-
cous, sometimes, making a feeble, indistinct bifasciate barring, the
genicular arc blackish testaceous ; hind tibiae feebly incurved, glaucous,
apically lutescent, pallid along the line of the spines, which are pallid
at base, black apically, and nine to eleven, usually ten, in number in
the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate, upturned,
the supraaual plate subclypeate, with well rounded but feebly sinuate
lateral margins, which are broadly and feebly raised, and hardly the
least sign of a median sulcus ; furcula consisting of a pair of large, very
broad, much depressed, parallel plates, attingent at base, tapering
and bluntly rounded at tip, reaching-the middle of the supraanal plate,
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MEL ANOPLl SCUDDER. 161
the inner apical angle sometimes feebly asserting itself as in the allied
species; cerci slender, not very long, incurved gently and a little
upcurved, tapering gently in less than the basal half, beyond cylindri-
cal, blunt tipped, reaching almost to the tip of the supraanal plate;
subgenital plate moderately broad, subequal, the lateral margins straight
but faintly rising at the apex, which is broadly rounded as seen from
above.
Length of body, male, 29.5 mm., female, 30 mm. ; antennae, male, 15
mm., female, 9.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 28 mm., female, 26.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 17 mm., female, 15 mm.
Five males, 4 females. Finney County, Kansas, September, H. W.
Menke (University of Kansas); Las Cruces, Donna Ana County, ^ew
Mexico, July 8, T. D. A. Cockerell; Mexico (Museum Comparative
Zoology) ; Lerdo, Durango, Mexico, November (L. Bruner) ; Guanajuato,
Mexico, A. Duges (U.S.N.M. Kiley collection); Bledos, San Luis
Potosi, Mexico, October, E. Palmer.
This species differs from the two preceding by its slender elongate
form, the simplicity of its male furcula, and by its general markings.
4. GLAUCIPES SERIES.
The two species placed together here have comparatively little in
common to warrant their combination as a series, and each should
perhaps be made the basis of a distinct series if other forms are found
allied to one and the other; but falling together by the characters given
in our table, I have thought it best for the present to connect them.
They have these common characteristics:
The mesosternum in front of the lobes is plane in the male. The more
or less maculate tegmina extend only to the tip of the hind femora, and
the hind tibiae have from ten to twelve spines in the outer series. The
supraanal plate is simple, without elevated sides; the furcula is devel-
oped as a pair of minute triangular denticles; the cerci are broad and
short, only about twice as long as broad, a little upcurved, and apically
broadly rounded, while the subgenital plate is moderately broad, pro-
longed, and scarcely elevated apically.
The species are of small or medium size; one occurs in Texas and
northern Mexico, the other from Montana to Alaska.
16. MELANOPLUS GLAUCIPES.
(Plate XI, tig. 6.)
Caloptenns glaucipe* SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII (1875), pp.
476-477; Ent. Notes, IV (1875), pp. 75-76. THOMAS, Rep. U. 8. Eiit.
Comm., I (1878), p. 42. SCUDDER!, Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 20-21.
Melanoplus glaucipes SCUDDER !, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75.
Wood-brown. Head and pronotum yellowish brown, heavily flecked
with blackish, more heavily and minutely above, giving it a wood- brown
Proc. N. M. vol. xx 11
162 - PROCEEDINGS OF VHE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
appearance; a broad black band extends from behind the eyes across
the upper part of the lateral lobes of the pronotirm, broadening on the
metazona. Interspace between the eyes moderately narrow, scarcely
wider than the first antennal joint; fastigium narrow, with sides
broadening a little in front, pretty sharply defined, inclosing a moder-
ately deep sulcus, deepest posteriorly ; frontal costa rather broad, nearly
equal, fading out below, with a scarcely perceptible sulcus excepting
about theocellus ; antennae a little more (male) or much less (female) than
three-fourths as long as the hind femora, orange red, paler at base.
Pronotum subequal, the disk nearly plane, the front border truncate,
the hind border obtusely angulate; median carina very slight, most
distinct on the metazona, cut by all the transverse sulci; lateral carinae
obsolete; prozona distinctly longitudinal, a third to a fourth longer
than the metazona (male) or quadrate, only slightly longer than the
metazona (female). Prosternal spine long, conical, bluntly tipped, some-
what retrorse, in the male considerably appressed ; interspace between
mesosternal lobes about twice as long as broad in both sexes, the meta-
sternal lobes attingent (male) or approximate (female). Tegmina as
long as the body, brown, with a few dusky flecks along the central
field. Legs darker or lighter brownish yellow, flecked with fuscous,
the hind femora bifasciate above with blackish, besides a blackish
base and apex ; hind tibiae glaucous with a pale annulus at the base,
interrupted in the middle by a blackish glaucous ring, the spines pallid
at base, black beyond, ten to twelve in number in the outer series.
Extremity of male abdomen compressed, hardly clavate, upturned, the
supraanal plate triangular with nearly straight sides, the surface sub-
tectate, with a very deep and narrow percurrent median sulcus, bounded
by sharp ridges; furcula consisting of a pair of basally attingent,
minute, triangular denticulations, surmounting the ridges of the supra-
anal plate; cerci broad at base, scarcely twice as long as broad, sub-
reniform, well rounded, but little smaller on the apical half, not so long
as the supraanal plate; subgenital plate broader than long, neither
elevated nor prolonged apically, but a little compressed, so that the
thickened apical margin as seen from above is strongly rounded (the
figure was, unfortunately, drawn from a specimen in which the extreme
apex was slightly collapsed in drying) and subacuminate, extending far
beyond the tip of the supraanal plate.
Length of body, male, 22.5 mm., female, 28 mm. ; antennae, male and
female, 9.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 16 mm., female, 18.75 mm. ; hind femora,
male, 12 mm., female, 15.5 mm.
Nine males, 12 females. Dallas, Texas, August 18, Boll (Museum
Comparative Zoology; U.S.N.M. Eiley collection; S. H. Scudder);
Lerdo, Ducango, Mexico (L. Brtmer).
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCUD DEB. 163
17. MELANOPLUS KENNICOTTII.
(Plate XI, fig. S.)
Calopienus lilituratus SCUDDER!, Daws., Rep. Geol. Rec. 49th par. (1875), p. 343.
Mt-lanoplm kennicottii SCUDDER!, Proc. Best. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), pp. 287,
289, 290; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 46, 48, 49. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent.
Coinm., Ill (1883), p. 60; Rep. U. S. Ent., 1885 (1886), p. 307.
Melauoplus bilituratus CAULFIELD (pars), Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886),
p. 171.
Calopteniis (Melanoplus) lilituratus CAULFIELD (pars), Can. Rec. So., II (1887),
p. 401; (pars), Can. Orth. (1887), p. 13.
MelanoplMS modestus BRUNER!, MS.
Brownish testaceous, heavily mottled with fuscous. Head very dark
above and in a postocular baud; vertex rather tumid, particularly in
the male, where it is distinctly elevated above the level of the prono-
tum; interspace between the eyes rather broad, much broader than, in
the female nearly twice as broad as, the basal joint of the antennae;
fastigium rapidly declivent. broadly and rather deeply (male) or shal-
lowly (female) sulcate throughout ; frontal costa not very broad, slightly
narrowed above, narrower than the interspace between the eyes; eyes
moderately large and prominent; antennae testaceous, infuscated apic-
ally, a little shorter than (male) or less than two-thirds as long as
(female) the hind femora. Pronotum short, enlarging a little poste-
riorly, the front border truncate, the hind border obtusely angulate, the
angle rounded, dark testaceous above, more or less heavily mottled
with fuscous, the lower portion of the lateral lobes lighter, but the
upper part, on the prozona, with a broad piceous band, occasionally
broken, especially in the female; median carina percurrent and slight,
but feebler on the prozona than on the metazona; disk passing almost
insensibly into the lateral lobes on the prozona, but on the metazoua
with a distinct though rounded angle; prozona feebly (male) or dis-
tinctly (female) transverse, scarcely longer than the obscurely punctate
metazoua. Prosternal spine short, erect, conical, very blunt; interspace
between mesosternal lobes only a little longer than broad (male) or
decidedly transverse, but narrower than the lobes themselves (female);
metasternal lobes narrowly attingent (male) or approximate (female).
Tegmina reaching, occasionally in the female surpassing, the tip of the
hind femora, moderately narrow, distinctly tapering, brownish fuscous
with feeble flecking along the discoidal area; wings moderately broad,
hyaline, most of the veins and cross veins blackish fuscous. Hind
femora brownish testaceous, more or less obliquely bifasciate with
fuscous on the upper half, the genicular arc piceous, the inferior face
more or less but slightly fulvous; hind tibiae paler or browner testa-
ceous, the spines black except at base, ten to eleven in number in the
outer series. Extremity of male abdomen slightly clavate, upturned,
the supraaual plate triangular with nearly straight sides and acutangu-
late apex, the median sulcus percurreut, not very narrow but mesially
164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
constricted; furcula consisting of a pair of rather distant, minute,
slender denticulations, lying outside the ridges bounding the sulcus of
the supraanal plate; cerci coarse, punctate, hardly tapering, slightly
upcurved, hardly twice as long as broad, the upper apical portion
strongly compressed, while the rest is rather tumid, the apex rounded,
reaching beyond the supraanal plate; subgenital plate broad and
short, neither elevated nor prolonged apically, the apical margin nar-
rowly subtruncate.
Length of body, male, 15 mm., female, 22.5 mm.; antennae, male, 6.5
mm., female, 6 mm.; tegmina, male, 11 mm., female, 13 mm.; hind
femora, male, 8 mm., female, 10.5 mm.
Three males, 2 females. Yukon Kiver, Alaska, Kenuicott; Souris
liiver, Assiniboia, Dawson; Glendive, Dawson County, Montana (L.
Bruner); Ouster County, Montana (same).
Bruuer states that this insect feeds upon sagebrush, though it is
uncertain whether this is the species he refers to in his statement, since
the specimens received from him bear another name.
5. IJTAHENSIS SERIES.
In this small group the prozoua of the male is quadrate or subquad-
rate, and the interspace between the mesosterual lobes is as in the
spretus series; in front of these lobes, also, the mesosternurn of the
male has a central swelling forming a blunt tubercle. The antennae
are rather short and differ but little in the two sexes. The tegmina
are fully developed, but rather short, surpassing the hind femora but
little if at all, and clear or feebly maculate; the hind tibiae are red,
with normally eleven spines in the outer series.
The supraaual plate is rudely clypeate and longer than broad; the
furcula well developed, consisting of flattened, parallel, more or less
tapering fingers, half as long as the supraanal plate; the cerci are
laminate and simple, very broad and short, subequal, broadly rounded
apically, a little upcurved; the subgenital plate is peculiar, being*
exceptionally long and exceptionally broad, exceptionally elevated
and prolonged at apex, the apical margin strongly rounded and
mesially entire, though in one species laterally notched, an exceedingly
exceptional feature.
The species, three in number, vary from a little below the medium
to rather large sized. They are found mainly in the Cordilleran region
from about latitude 38 northward into Canada.
18. MELANOPLUS BRUNERI, new species.
(Plate XI, fig. 7.)
Melanopli(8 extremus? BRUNEK!, Cau. Ent. ; XVII (1885), p. 18.
Brownish fuscous, often with a ferruginous tint. Head pale olivaceo-
testaceous, dark fuscous or ferruginous above, often much infumated or
mottled with fuscous below aiid with a piceous stripe behind the eyes;
vertex feebly tumid, scarcely raised above the level of the pronotuin ;
wo. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLT8CUDt)ffit. 165
interspace between the eyes rather broad, as broad as (male) or broader
than (female) the first anteunal joint; fastigium rapidly descending
with a regular curve, broadly and very shallowly sulcate (male) or
plane with feebly raised margins between the eyes (female); frontal
costa broad, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, equal, or
feebly narrower above than below, just failing to reach the clypeal mar-
gin, feebly impressed at and sometimes a little below the ocellus, punc-
tate especially at the sides; eyes moderate, as long as the infraocular
portion of the genae, not very prominent; antennae varying from fulvo-
testaceous to rufous, much infuscated apically, about three-fourths as
long as the hind femora, nearly as long in the female as in the male.
Pronotum with the front margin transverse, the hind margin obtusely
angulate, the angle rounded, the median carina percurrent, but feeble
on the prozona, the prozona plano-convex, passing by a well-rounded
angle into the sub vertical lateral lobes, the disk smooth, quadrate
(male) or feebly transverse (female), slightly longer than the finely and
densely punctate metazona, the transverse sulci distinct and continuous;
the upper two-fifths of the lateral lobes are marked on the prozona by
a fuscous or piceous patch, while the lower half is occasionally lighter
than the rest of the body. Prosternal spine erect, and moderately long,
appressed conical, the tip blunt (male) or short, stout, conico-cylin-
drical, very blunt (female); interspace between mesosternal lobes more
than twice as long as broad (male) or subquadrate (female) ; inetasternal
lobes attingent (male) or distant by half the width of the frontal costa
(female). Tegmina r< aching and generally somewhat surpassing the
tips of the hind femora, somewhat but rather delicately maculate in the
basal two-thirds of the discoidal area; wings pellucid, rather broad.
Hind femora fusco-fci ruginous, obliquely blotched externally and above
with luteo-testaceous, the lighter parts occurring before and past the
middle and as a pregenicular annulus; beneath dull luteous with a
tinge of fulvous; genicular arc fusco-piceous; inferior genicular lobe
pallid or sordid luteous with a basal black bar; hind tibiae pale red,
sometimes with a pale greenish yellow tinge, sometimes with a feeble
fuscous patellar mark, the spines black excepting at base, ten to twelve,
usually eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of the male
abdomen a little clavate, much upturned, the supraanal plate rather
narrow, demi-oval, with rounded sides and scarcely angulate apex, the
rather deep median sulcus terminating beyond the middle by the con-
traction of its rather stout lateral walls, each lateral half of the plate
with a short apical ridge in its middle; furcula consisting of a pair of
straight, parallel, flattened, rather slender, tapering, pointed, basally
attiugent fingers, reaching the middle of the supraaual plate; cerci
broad, subequal but mesially contracted, compressed, slightly upcurved
and incurved laminae, bluntly rounded apieally, more than twice as
long as broad, shorter than the supraanal plate; infracercal plates
broad, obliquely truncate apically, scarcely surpassing the supraaiial
plate; subgenital plate greatly piolonged and elevated apically, the
166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
apical face depressed so as to give a tendency to the margin to appear
bilobed in drying, but the apical margin actually entire, subtruncate.
Length of body, male, 22 mm., female 22.5 mm. ; antennae, male, 9.5
mm., female, 8.5 mm.; tegmiua, male, 19 mm., female, 18.75 mm.; hind
femora, male and female, 12.5 mm.
Twenty-three males, 25 females. Camp Umatilla, Washington, June
26 (Museum Comparative Zoology) ; Brown's, Colville Valley, Wash-
ington, July 24 (same); Loon Lake, Colville Valley, Washington,
July 23 (same); Little Spokane, Washington, July 26 (same); Fort
McLeod, Alberta, Canada, August (L. Bruiier; U.S.N.M. Kiley col-
lection); Banff, Alberta, Beau, June, August (S. Henshaw); Montana
(U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Weeksville, Montana, August 2 (Museum
Comparative Zoology); Yellowstone, Montana, August (U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection); Gordon, Sheridan County, Nebraska, Bruner (same);
South Park, Colorado, 8,000 to 10,000 feet; Florissant, El Paso County,
Colorado, August 17-22, 8,000 feet.
Specimens from Colorado and Nebraska are a little smaller than
those from further north, and have rather shorter wings. The same is
true also of specimens taken at Banff, Alberta, in June.
Bruner also reports it from Helena, Fort Ellis, and the Madison val-
ley, Montana, and Salmon City, Idaho.
19. MELAJSIOPLUS EXCELSUS, new species..
(Plate XI, fig. 9.)
Dull brownish fuscous, the under surface dull luteo-testaceous. Head
dark above and in a piceous band behind the eyes, but elsewhere dull
flavo-olivaceous, more or less clouded with plumbeous; vertex feebly
tumid, raised slightly above the level of the pronotmn in the male;
interspace between the eyes rather broader than (male) or nearly twice
as broad as (male) the basal antennal joint; fastigiuin plane with a
basal transverse impression (female) or broadly and shallowly sulcate
throughout (male); frontal costa broad, broader than the interspace
between the eyes, feebly narrowing above in the male, scarcely
depressed at the ocellus, and sometimes in the male slightly below it,
just failing to reach the clypeus, sparsely punctate; eyes moderately
long, anteriorly truncate, as long as the infraocular portion of the
genae, slightly prominent; antennae less than three-fourths (male) or
than two thirds (female) as long as the hind femora, fusco-ferruginous,
lighter at base. Prouotum gradually and slightly enlarging poste-
riorly, with the front margin truncate, the hind margin bluntly obtus-
angulate, the brownish fuscous base with a dull flavons tinge, which
increases on the lateral lobes except in the upper portion of the prozona,
which is mostly piceous, the sulci piceous, followed in the posterior sec-
tion by a small flavous patch ; median carina percurrent, black, sharper
and more elevated on the metazona than on the prozoua, the proxona
plano-convex with broadly rounded lateral carinae, slightly more angu-
late on the metazona; disk of prozoua nearly smooth and quadrate
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCVDDKIi. 167
(male) or feebly transverse (female), no longer than the feebly and finely
ruguloso-punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long and
slender, conico-cylindrical, blunt (male) or short and stout, appressed
conical, very blunt (female) ; interspace between mesosternal lobes much
less than twice as long as broad (male) or transverse (female), the
metasternal lobes attingent (male) or approximate (female). Teginiua
just reaching as far as the hind femora, rather slender, scarcely tapering,
distinctly and quadrately maculate in all but the apical fourth of the
discoidal area; wings pellucid, not very broad. Hind femora obliquely
marked alternately with blackish fuscous and brownish testaceous,
showing most distinctly (and sometimes only) on the upper half, the
lower half lighter, beneath red, in the female sometimes paler, the
genicular arcpiceous; hind tibiae bright red with a fuscous patellar
spot, the spines black except at their very base, ten to twelve (usually
eleven) in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen
clavate, considerably upturned, the supraanal plate narrow, the sides
subparallel and broadly upturned over a little more than the basal
half, beyond triangular with rectangulate apex, the median sulcus very
deep and narrow between high and compressed walls, reaching nearly
to the tip, so that each side has between these walls and the elevated
margins of the plate a very pronounced sulcation; furcula consisting
of a pair of strongly depressed, slender, parallel lingers, equal and
scarcely parted in basal half, beyond tapering and bluntly pointed,
reaching the middle of the supraanal plate; cerei very broad, subequal
in basal half, then bent a little upward and feebly tapering but broadly
rounded apically, the whole obliquely vertical, straight and not incurved,
less than twice as long as broad, and shorter than the supraanal plate;
infracercal plates thickened apically and a little surpassing the supra-
anal plate, obliquely truncate: subgenital plate greatly prolonged aud
elevated apically, the apical margin entire, well rounded, in no way
truncate.
Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male, 7.5
mm., female, 7 mm.; tegmina, male, 16 mm., female, 15 mm.; hind
femora, male, 11.5 mm., female, 13 mm.
Four males, 5 females. Above timber, 11,000 to 13,000 feet, on Mount
Lincoln, Park County, Colorado, August 13.
20. MELANOPLUS UTAHENSIS, new species.
(Plate XT, fig. 10.)
Melanoplua utahensi* BHUXER!, MS.
Yellowish brown. Head luteous, much clouded with light fusco-
olivaceous, the summit aud a broad band behind the eyes very dark
fusco-olivaceous, separated by a luteous stripe; vertex gently tumid,
scarcely elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes
broad, fully as broad as the first antenna! joint, the fastigium broadly
and shallowly sulcate except at base; frontal costa broad, feebly
168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
narrowed above the ocellus, as broad as the interspace between the
eyes, feebly depressed at the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes rather
large, not very prominent, as long as the intraocular portion of the
genae; antennae testaceous. Pronotum gently widening posteriorly,
the front margin scarcely convex and feebly and roundly emarginate
in the middle, the hind margin obtusely angulate, the angle rounded,
the median carina distinct and rather sharp on the metazona, feeble on
the prozona and obsolete between the snlci; disk of prozona plano-
convex, passing almost insensibly but with a broadly rounded angle
into the sub vertical lateral lobes, the lateral carinae feebly indicated
on the metazona; mesial half of the disk of the prozona very dark
fusco-olivaceous, bordered on either side by luteous; lateral lobes and
metazona luteo-testaceous with an olivaceous tinge, the upper half of
the lateral lobes of the prozona occupied by a broad fusco-fuliginous
glistening band, failing to reach the anterior border and broader on
the posterior than on the anterior section; prozona smooth, quadrate,
a very little longer than the closely punctate metazona. Prosternal
spine long, slightly appressed cylindrical, blunt-tipped, very feebly
retrorse; interspace between niesosternal lobes of male about half as
long again as broad, ths metasternal lobes attingent. Tegmina scarcely
attaining the tips of the hind femora, moderately broad at base, dis-
tinctly tapering, the tip narrow and strongly rounded, brownish testa-
ceous without markings; wings pellucid, the main veins testaceous,
the others blackish fuscous. Femora yellowish brown, the hind pair
much iufuscated on the outer face, especially above, the upper surface
broadly marked with fuscous near base at tip, and with two other
nearly confluent belts between, the inner face feebly and the lower face
distinctly reddened ; genicular arc black ; hind tibiae uniformly red, the
spines black nearly to the base, eleven in number in the outer series.
Extremity of male abdomen broadly clavate, strongly upturned, the
supraanal plate rather long, triangular, with rounded sides, acutangu-
late apex, the basal two thirds of the lateral margins broadly elevated,
the median sulcus narrow and deep, extending over two-thirds of the
plate, bounded by moderate walls; furcula consisting of a pair of very
broad, parallel, elongated, strongly flattened pads with rounded tips,
almost reaching the middle of the supraanal plate, their outer margins
broadly rounded; cerci consisting of coarse and broad, punctate
laminae, feebly narrowing in the basal half, beyond a little upturned,
equal, very broadly rounded at apex, straight or feebly outcurved
apically, not so long as the supraanal plate; infracercal plates visible
only at extreme base; subgenital plate enormously produced and
elevated (more abruptly elevated than represented in the figure), the
apical margin deeply emarginate laterally, and well rounded and entire
mesially.
Length of body, male, 27 mm. ; tegmina, 18 mm. ; hind femora, 14 mm.
One male. Salt Lake, Utah, August 30, L. Bruner (U.S.N.M.
Kiley collection).
N0 . 1124. REVISION OF THK MELAXOPLISCTDDER. 1(>9
6. SPBETUS SERIES.
This group is a very homogeneous one and comprises the species of
Melanoplus which are especially destructive to vegetation by their
immense numbers and more or less extended flights, such destructive-
ness being almost confined to its members. The pronotuin of the male
is transverse or quadrate or feebly longitudinal, and the interspace
between the mesosternal lobes in the same sex varies from a little
longer than broad to fully twice as long as broad, the mesosternum in
front of the lobes centrally elevated to form a very low and blunt
conical tubercle or boss. The tegmina are always fully developed,
usually much surpassing the tips of the hind femora (though in one
case not nearly reaching them), more or less maculate (only immaculate
by individual exception), and the hind tibiae are variably colored, but
either red or green (very rarely blue or yellow), and have nine to
thirteen spines in the outer series.
The supraanal plate of the male is subtriangular, rather long, with
straight or sinuous lateral margins; the furcula consists of a pair of
slender, tapering, parallel or divergent, generally feebly depressed
fingers, generally extending over the basal fourth of the supraanal
plate; the cerci are rather broad and nearly straight and nearly flat
lamellae, the apical half narrower than the basal, generally through
oblique excision of the lower margin, and usually bent upward a little,
rounded or subtruncate at tip and from one and a half to three times
as long as broad; the subgenital plate is haustrate, about as broad as
long, more or less elevated apically and has the apical margin mesially
notched.
The species, seven in number, are of a medium or moderately large
size and range widely (especially M. atlanis, the range of which is
almost or quite equal to that of the group), occurring in every part of
the United States, from Atlantic to Pacific, excepting most of California
and the southernmost of the Atlantic States; members of the group
occur also, but apparently in scanty numbers, as far beyond our southern
borders as Central Mexico, and on the north, in full abundance, iu
Canada from ocean to ocean; but this group apparently does not
extend so far north as the femur-rubrum series, for it is not known
from Newfoundland or Labrador, nor about Hudson Bay, though in
the west it reaches the Arctic Circle, two of the species occurring in
Alaska.
21. MELANOPLUS ALASKANUS, new species.
(Plate XII, fig. 1.)
Slightly above the medium size, ferrugiueo-fuscous with testaceous
markings. Head pale castaneous, heavily marked above, at least in
the male, with black, especially along the margins of the eyes and in a
median stripe, besides a broad postocular band; vertex gently tumid,
170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
scarcely elevated above the pronotuin, the interspace between the eyes
half as broad again (male) or fully twice as broad (female) as the first
antennal joint; fastigium somewhat strongly declivent, broadly and
rather deeply (male) or shallowly (female) sulcate; frontal costa rather
prominent, percurrent, feebly narrowed above, as broad as the inter-
space between the eyes, finely and irregularly punctate throughout, but
more sparingly below than above, sulcate at and a little below the
ocellus; eyes moderately large, moderately prominent, longer than the
in fraocular portion of the genae; antennae rufo-testaceous, about three-
fourths (male) or less than three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora.
Pronotum subequal, expanding feebly 011 the metazona, luteo-castane-
ous, the metazona and especially its disk rufo-castaneous, the lateral
lobes of the prozona with a very broad piceous postocular band; disk
of pronotum very broadly convex, passing by a rounded but distinct
shoulder, on the metazona forming subdistinct lateral carinae, into the
anteriorly tumid vertical lateral lobes ; median carina percurrent, but
on the prozona rather feeble and uniform ; front margin truncate, nar-
rowly subemarginate, hind margin obtusangulate; prozona longitudi-
nally quadrate (male) or feebly transverse (female), as long as the feebly
ruguloso-punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, stout, appressed
cylindrical, very obtuse; interspace between mesosternal lobes more
than twice as long as broad, broadening posteriorly (male) or subquad-
rate (female). Tegmiua somewhat surpassing the tips of the hind
femora, moderately broad, distinctly tapering, rufo-fuscous, feebly mac-
ulate with black along the middle line. Fore and middle femora of
male rather strongly tumid; hind femora pale flavo-testaceous, necked
with black in open transverse fasciations on the upper half, at base,
just before, and somewhat behind the middle, the geniculation with the
base of the lower genicular lobe black, the outer half of the inferior
face roseate; hind tibiae dark or light red with a feeble fuscous patel-
lar spot, the spines black beyond the base, ten to twelve, usually eleven,
in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate,
strongly recurved, the supraaual plate triangular with rather broad and
subclepsydral median sulcus, bounded by not strongly elevated rounded
walls; furcula consisting of a pair of rather coarse, parallel, basally
attingent, tapering, acuminate, flattened fingers, a third as long as the
supraanal plate; cerci subfalcate, tapering more rapidly in basal than
in apical half, regularly curved upward, compressed, strongly rounded
apically, more than twice as long as median breadth; subgenital plate
pyramidal and strongly elevated apically, the apical margin much
thickened but notched by a deep mesial contraction, which separates
two rounded bosses.
Length of body, male, 22 mm., female, 26 mm. ; antennae, male (est.),
9 mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 18 mm., female, 20 mm.; hind
femora, male, 12.5 mm., female, 14.5 mm.
Two males, 1 female. Alaska, T. C. Mendenhall (U.S.N.M.); Spil-
macheen, British Columbia, July 25 (S. Henshaw).
NO. 1 124. RE VISION OF THE MELA NOPLISC UDDER. 171
22. MELANOPLUS AFFINIS, new species.
(Plate XII, fig. 2.)
Melanoplus affinis BRUNER!, MS.
[Some of the synonymy given under M. atlanis almost certainly belongs here.]
Slightly above the medium size, rather robust, griseo-fuscous, testa-
ceous beneath. Head olivaeeo-plumbeous, the elypeus and labrum
paler, above more or less rufous and marked with fuscous, with a
piceous postocular band; vertex gently tumid, slightly elevated above
the prouotum, the interspace between the eyes half as broad again
(male) or fully twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fas-
tigium very steeply decliveut, broadly and considerably (male) or feebly
(female) sulcate; frontal costa reaching or almost reaching the elypeus,
as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly narrowed above at
least in the male, irregularly punctate throughout but more densely
above than below, feebly sulcate at and slightlybelow the ocellus; eyes
moderately large, not very prominent, much longer than the infraocular
portion of the genae; antennae flavo testaceous, about three-fourths
(male) or about two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Prono-
tum subequal, expanding a little on the metazona, darker above than
on the sides, the lateral lobes of the prozona with a more or less dis-
tinct, sometimes broken, broad, piceous, postocular band, the disk nearly
plane but broadly convex, passing into the subvertical lateral lobes by
a well rounded but distinct shoulder, forming tolerably distinct lateral
carinae on the metazona j median carina percurrent, distinctly feebler
on the prozoua than on the metazona, as distinct between the sulci as
in advance of them ; front margin very feebly and very narrowly flaring,
truncate, hind margin obtusangulate, the angle not much rounded;
prozona feebly longitudinal or quadrate (male) or somewhat transverse
(female), scarcely if any longer (male) or faintly shorter (female) than
the densely but somewhat obscurely punctate metazona. Prosternal
spine moderately long, cylindrical, erect, very blunt and faintly appressed
in the male, similar but shorter and more conical in the female; inter-
space between mesosternal lobes twice or more than twice as long as
broad (male) or subquadrate (female). Tegmina surpassing considera-
bly the hind femora, moderately narrow, tapering feebly, rufo-fuscous
or griseo-fuscous, with a distinct but more or less pronounced median
series of fuscous annulations intercalated in basal half between more or
less pronounced pallid dashes or spots; wings hyaline, the veins heavily
i n fu seated apically and anteriorly. Fore and middle femora of male
moderately tumid ; hind femora rufo-testaceous, more or less clouded
with fuscous and feebly bifasciate with fuscous above, the lower face and
at least the lower half of the inner face roseate, the genicular arc black;
hind tibiae pale glaucous, flavescent at apex and with a fuscous patel-
lar spot, the spines black on more than the apical half, eleven, occasion-
ally twelve, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen
172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
a little clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with
slightly convex and slightly elevated lateral margins, subrectangulate
apex, and a rather narrow and not very deep percurrent median sulcus,
bordered by narrow but rather low and rounded walls ; furcula consisting
of a pair of very slender, feebly divergent, tapering, acuminate spines,
scarcely a fourth as long as the snpraanal plate; cerci consisting of a
feebly tapering, feebly tumid basal half, and a subequal, slenderer, com-
pressed apical half, the latter bent feebly inward and slightly upward,
rounded apically, the whole a little more than twice as long as median
breadth ; subgenital plate with the apical margin feebly elevated, thick-
ened and mesially notched, but not deeply.
Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 26 mm.; antennae, male, 8.5
mm., female, 9 mm.; tegmina, male, 20 mm., female, 22.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 12.25 ram., female, 14 mm.
Six males, 4 females. Salt Lake Valley, Utah, August 30 (L. Bruner) ;
Fort McKinney, Johnson County, Wyoming, July (same) 5 Olmstead's,
near Ellensburg. Kittitas County, Washington, July 14, 15, S.Henshaw
(Museum Comparative Zoology) ; Ellensburg, Kittitas County, Wash-
ington, July 14, Henshaw (same); Spokane, Washington, July 21, 22,
Henshaw (same) ; Loon Lake, Colville Valley, Washington, July 25,
Henshaw (same); Camp Urnatilla, Washington, June 27, Henshaw
(same); British Columbia, Crotch (same).
Bruner in an unpublished account of this species gives its habitat as
"in the mountains near Ogden,Utah, among the low trees and bushes,
at an elevation slightly above the highest of the ancient shore lines of
Salt Lake; also among the foothills of the Big Horn Mountains, near
Fort McKinney, Wyoming."
In the same manuscript, Bruner compares the present species with
M. atlanis, as follows :
Closely related to M. atlanis in many respects ; from which it is to be distinguished
by its somewhat larger size and more robust form, also by its larger head and more
prominent eyes. The last ventral segment [subgeuital plate] of the male is shorter
and the male cerci are narrower than in the typical atlanis. The color of the hind
tibiae is pale glaucous as in intermed'tus instead of red, as is usually the case in
typical specimens of atlanix.
23. MELANOPLUS INTERMEDIUS, new species.
(Plate XII, figs. 3,4.)
Melanoplus intermedium BKUNER!, MS.
[Some of the synonymy given under M. atlanis almost certainly belongs here.]
A medium-sized or rather small species, of slender form, brownish
fuscous, dull testaceous beneath. Head slightly prominent, rufo- or fusco-
testaceous, more or less heavily flecked with fuscous above, or wholly
infuscated, with a broad piceous or fuscous postocular band; vertex
gently tumid, a little (sometimes considerably) elevated above the level
of the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes fully half as broad
again as the first antenna! joint, slightly broader in the female than in
NO. 1124. UVriSION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDKH. 173
the male; fastigium rather steeply declivent, distinctly (male) or shal-
lowly (female) and broadly silicate; frontal costa rather prominent, per-
current or almost percurrent, equal, as broad as (female) or slightly
broader than (male) the interspace between the eyes, biseriately punc-
tate throughout, slightly depressed at and just below the ocellus; eyes
moderately large, prominent especially in the male, much longer than
the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae fulvous, basally lutescent,
four-fifths (male) or less than three fifths (female) as long as the hind
femora. Pronotum subequal but for the gently flaring metazona, more
or less infuscated, sometimes punctate or strigose with fuscous, with a
generally distinct postocular piceous band on the lateral lobes of the
prozona, the disk very broadly convex and passing into the subvertical
lateral lobes by a broadly rounded but distinct shoulder, occasionally
angulate on the metazona; median carina distinct on the metazoua^
feeble on the prozoua, nearly always (especially in the male) subobsolete
between the sulci; front margin truncate or subtruncate, hind margin
obtusangulate, the angle little rounded; prozona feebly longitudinal or
rarely quadrate (male) or more or less distinctly transverse (female), gen-
erally and especially in the male a little longer than the finely punctate
metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, erect, cylindrical, blunt,
in the female tapering a little as seen from the front; interspace
between mesosternal lobe-; twice as long as broad (male) or a little
longer than broad (female). Tegmina reaching or somewhat surpass-
ing the tips of the hind femora, rather slender, tapering with some
distinctness, apically narrow, brownish fuscous, apically fusco-hyaline,
the middle third or more of the discoidal area more or less feebly and
rather minutely flecked with fuscous; wings moderately broad, hyaline,
with blackish fuscous veins. Fore and middle femora of male not very
tumid (the middle more than the fore femora), the hind femora flavo-
testaceous, very obliquely and rather broadly bifasciate with fuscous,
which sometimes suffuses nearly the whole upper half, the lower face
sometimes very feebly roseate, the genicular arc black, the lower
genicular lobe usually pallid throughout; hind tibiae pale glaucous,
rarely red, the spines black nearly to their base, ten to twelve in num-
ber in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen feebly clavate,
gently recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with feebly convex
lateral margins, subrectangulate apex, and a narrow percurrent median
sulcus between rather high and sharp walls; furcula consisting of a
pair of feebly divergent, slender, tapering and acuminate, slightly
depressed spines about a fourth the length of the supraanal plate;
cerci rather small, a little more than twice as long as broad, gently
tapering and externally a little tumid in the basal half, beyond subequal,
compressed or subsulcate, gently upturned, apically subtruncate or
broadly rounded; subgenital plate very slightly elevated apically, the
margin feebly notched.
Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 2'2 mm. ; antennae, male, 8.25
174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
mm., female, 6.5 mm.; tegmiaa, male, 13 mm., female, 13.5 mm.; liind
femora, male, 10 mm., female, 11.5 mm.
Fifteen males, 23 females. White Eiver, Eio Blanco County, Colo-
rado, July 24- August 14; Yellowstone, Montana, August (U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection; L. Bruner); Yellowstone National Park, September
6-12; Salmon City, Lemhi County, Idaho, August (U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection); Washington, Morrison (same.)
Mr. Bruner, in an unpublished account of this species kindly placed
in my hands, says that the point in Montana where this species was
taken is in the Yellowstone Valley above the mouth of the Big Horn
Eiver; and he gives the following points of difference between this
species and M. atlanis:
In intermedius the entire body is more or less covered with rather long fine hairs,
the thorax is much longer than in atlanis throwing the base of the posterior femora
considerably back of the middle and in this respect resembling Pezotettix [Mclano-
plu8~\ washing tonianus Bruner. The male cerci are longer and narrower than in
atlanis, and are curved slightly inward and upward on the apical half; they are also
shallowly grooved from the outside. The last ventral segment f subgenital plate] of
the male abdomen is a little shorter than in that species, and the prosternal spine is
also much longer, stouter, and more bluntly pointed than there. The general color-
ization is much the same as in atlanis but darker being dull brown and gray above
and dingy beneath; there are no well-defined bands upon the posterior femora, and
the tibiae are dull glaucous, more or less tinged with brown, especially on the basal
third and near the apex.
It differs from M. atlanis, to which it is most nearly allied, in the
longer male antennae, the weaker median carina of the pronotum, the
more heavily marked hind femora, and its smaller and slenderer form.
24. MELANOPLUS BILITURATUS.
(Plate XII, fig. 5.)
Caloptenus Ulituratus WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 679.
THOMAS, Kep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 160; Rep. U. S. Ent.
Comm., I (1878), p. 43. PACKARD, Ibid., I (1878) p. [143]. SCUDDER, Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 'XIX (1878), p. 289; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 48.
Melanoplus bilituratus CAULFIELD (pars), Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71.
Caloptenus (Melanoplus) bilituratus CAULFIELD (pars), Can. Rec. Sc., II (1887), p.
401; (pars), Can. Orth. (1887), p. 13.
f Melanoplus scriptus COCKERELL, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX (1894), p. 337.
[Some of the synonymy given under M. atlanis almost certainly belongs here.]
A little above the medium size, rather robust, griseo-fuscous. Head
a little prominent, fusco-testaceous or fusco-plumbeous, generally more
or less infuscated above in longitudinal streaks and with a postocular
piceous band; vertex somewhat tumid, a little elevated above the pro-
notum, the interspace between the eyes half as broad again as the first
antennal joint, or slightly broader than that in the female; fastigiuin
steeply declivent", sulcate throughout, more deeply in the male than in
the female; frontal costa failing to reach the clypeus, slightly narrowed
above but fully as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly sul-
cate at and below the ocellus, feebly and more or less biseriately punc-
tate throughout; eyes pretty large, rather prominent, distinctly longer
NO. 1 1 24. RE VISION OF Til /: M 11 1. A \OPLI SC UL DEIi . 175
tban the intraocular portion of the genae; antennae testaceous, about
two-thirds (male) or rather more than three-fifths (female) as long as the
hind femora. Pronotum subequal on the prozona, expanding posteri-
orly on the metazona, darker above than on the sides, but occasionally
with pale stripes following the inner margin of the lateral cariuae, the
lateral lobes with a generally maculate or broken but usually conspicu-
ous piceous postocular band confined to the prozona, the disk plane on
the metazona, feebly convex on the prozona, passing abruptly into the
vertical lateral lobes by a distinct shoulder, on the metazona forming
rather definite lateral cariuae; median carina distinct on the metazona,
subdued and uniform on the prozona, more nearly obsolete in the female
than in the male; front margin truncate, hind margin feebly obtusang-
nlate; prozona quadrate or feebly longitudinal (male) or transversely
subquadrate or transverse (female), scarcely or not longer than the
densely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine not very stout, stouter
in the female than in the male, appressed conical, rather blunt, erect;
interspace between mesosterual lobes fully twice as long as broad
(male), or subquadrate (female). Teginina generally surpassing a little,
sometimes considerably, the hind femora, moderately slender, tapering
but little, well rounded apically, brownish fuscous, variably maculate
but generally rather heavily marked along the discoidal area, sometimes
sprinkled with fuscous over a large part of the tegmina, rarely reduced
to a feeble series of spots along the middle line; wings rather broad,
hyaline with fuscous veins. Fore and middle femora somewhat tumid
in the male; hind femora testaceous or flavo- testaceous, heavily and
obliquely (and more or less distinctly) bifasciate with fuscous or black-
ish fuscous.over the upper and outer faces, the geniculation black, often
with an indistinct pregenicular pale flavous aimulation, the lower face
with a flush of roseate; hind tibiae bright red (by rare exception glau-
cous) with a more or less distinct fuscous patellar spot, the spines black
almost to the base, eleven to thirteen, usually eleven, in number in the
outer series. Extremity of male abdomen considerably clavate, well
recurved, the supraanal plate long triangular, feebly compressed in
the middle, the apex acutangulate, the margins elevated, the median
sulcus rather heavy and deep, apically evanescent, its walls stout; fur-
cula consisting of a pair of parallel, tapering, flattened fingers about
a third as long as the supraanal plate; cerci nearly three times as
long as middle breadth, consisting of a feebly tapering basal portion
nearly twice as long as broad, and an apical, slightly inbeut and feebly
upturned, externally broadly sulcate, subequal portion, well rounded at
tip; subgenital plate subpyramidal, with its lateral margins very feebly
sinuate, the apical margin rising a little higher and distinctly notched
as well as laterally tumid.
Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 2G.5 mm.; antennae, male, 9
mm., female, 8.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 18.5 mm., female, 20 mm.; hind
femora, male, 13 mm., female, 14 mm.
Forty-eight males, 71 females. British Columbia, G. W. Taylor (L,
176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Bruner); same, G. R. Crotch; Vancouver Island, British Columbia, H.
Edwards (S. H. Scudder; U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Victoria, Van-
couver Island, British Columbia, Packard (same); Gold Stream, Van-
couver Island, British Columbia, July 17 (S. Henshaw); Su-amous,
British Columbia, July 25 (same) ; Northwest Boundary Survey, Doctor
Kennerly; Washington, Morrison (U. S. N. M. Riley collection; S.
Henshaw); Camp Umatilla, Washington, June 26, Henshaw (Museum
Comparative Zoology); Loon Lake, Stevens County, Washington, July
25, Henshaw (same); Brown's, Colville Valley, Washington, July 24,
Henshaw (same); Ellensburg, Kittitas County, Washington, July 14,
Henshaw (same); Easton, Kittitas County, Washington (U.S.N.M.
Riley collection); Spokane, Washington, July 21, 22, Henshaw
(Museum Comparative Zoology); Fort Wallawalla, Washington, Ben-
dire (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Wallula, Wallawalla County,
Washington, September 1, Packard (same; S. H. Scudder); Morgan's
Ferry, Yakima River, Washington, July 1, Henshaw (Museum Com-
parative Zoology); La.Chapples, Yakima River, Washington, July 16,
Henshaw (same); Umatilla, Oregon, July 25, Henshaw (same); Ruby
Valley, Elko County, Nevada, R. Ridgway; Camp Halleck, Elko
County, Nevada, E. Palmer; Reno, Washoe County, Nevada ( U.S.N.M.
Riley collection); Truckee Valley, Nevada, R. Ridgway; Lake Tahoe,
Nevada, Packard (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); W T eeksville. Montana,
August 2, Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zoology).
This is the species which has been classed, in the National Museum
as belonging to Walker's Caloptenus scriptus, and is therefore prob-
ably the species so named by Cockerell 1 as coining- from Colorado. It
is, however, not that species, a female specimen of the present species
having at my request been compared with the types by Mr. S. Henshaw
during a recent visit in London. As compared with this, lie finds the
true scriptus to be u much larger, heavier, and with shorter, heavier,
and more clumsy prosternal spine; thoracic carinae, especially the
median, sharper and more prominent; cups of upper valves of ovipositor
much deeper; lower valves much heavier." He also compared this
with the type of Walker's Caloptenus lilituratm and found it the same,
"agreeing as to front, eyes, thoracic carinae, prosternal spine, and
inesosternal lobes."
This species varies somewhat, and runs very close indeed to M.atlani*;
more so in the northern examples from British Columbia and Wash-
ington than in those from Nevada; and were it not for the considera-
ble uniformity of Nevada specimens, in which the male cerci are always
relatively long and slender, and their marked distinction from Utah
specimens of M. atlanis, I should have hesitated to regard the species as
distinct from M. atlanis, especially in view of the great variation in the
latter species. As it is, I have been in much doubt where to place
females from British Columbia and Washington, where the two species
occur together.
1 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX ( 1S94), p. M
wo. 1124. UEVISION OF THE MELANOPL1SCUDDER. 177
25. MELANOPLUS DEFECTUS, new species.
(Plate XII, tig. 6.)
Of medium or a little less than medium size, ferrugineo-flavous.
Head not prominent, flavous or ferruginous or a mixture of both,
marked above with a double median black line and with a piceous
postocular band of varying width ; vertex gently tumid, feebly elevated
above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes alike in both
sexes, half as broad again as the first an tennal joint; fastigium steeply
declivent, deeply sulcate; frontal costa failing to reach the clypeus,
snbequal, as broad as or slightly broader than the interspace between
the eyes, sulcate at and below the ocellus, biseriately punctate through-
out; eyes moderately large, not very prominent, much longer than the
intraocular portion of the genae ; antenuaeflavo-luteous, about two-thirds
(male) or about three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pro-
uotum subequal on the prozona, expanding posteriorly on the metazona,
darker above than on the sides, the lateral lobes with a broad, broken,
and irregular, piceous, postocular baud confined to the prozona, the
disk nearly plane but feebly convex, passing into the vertical lobes by a
distinctly augulated but rounded shoulder nearly forming lateral carinae
on the metazona; median carina distinct on the nietazona, subobsolete
and equal on the prozona; front margin truncate, hind margin obtusan-
gulatts the angle well rounded ; prozona feebly transverse in both sexes,
scarcely or not longer than the densely punctate metazona. Proster-
nal spine rather short, feebly conical, very blunt, slightly appressed,
suberect, shorter in the female than in the male; interspace between
mesosternal lobes nearly twice as long as broad (male) or subquadrate
(female). Teginina slightly abbreviated, scarcely (female) or a little
(male) surpassing the middle of the hind femora, of moderate breadth,
tapering regularly but not greatly to a rather broadty rounded apex,
brownish hyaline, flecked with black at base and along middle of dis-
coidal area; wings similarly developed. Fore and middle femora of
male scarcely enlarged; hind femora varying from flavous to ferrugi-
nous, the outer face and especially its upper portion more or less and
rather uniformly infuscated between the iucisures, the inner face tri-
maculate above, the lower face feebly roseate, the genicular arc and a
transverse bar at base of lower genicular lobe black or fuscous; hind
tibiae pale red, the spines black beyond the base, ten to twelve in num-
ber in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, a little
recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with acutangulate apex and
the lateral margins elevated especially on the basal half, the median
sulcus tolerably deep between high and narrow but rounded walls;
furcula consisting of a pair of moderately distant, scarcely diverging,
tapering, slender spines, a little larger than the last dorsal segment;
cerci slightly less than twice as long as median breadth, the basal half
feebly tapering, the apical hall narrowed by the slight oblique excision,
Proc. X. M. vol. xx lii
178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM,
of the inferior margin, strongly compressed or subsulcate, the apex
broadly rounded; subgenital plate with its notched and doubly bossed
apical margin strongly and abruptly elevated above the lateral margin.
Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 22 mm. ; antennae, male, 6 mm.,
female, 6.75 mm. j tegmiua, male, 10.5 mm., female, 9.5 mm. ; hind femora,
male, 9.5 mm., female, 11.5 mm.
One male, 1 female. Grand Junction, Mesa County, Colorado. June
(L. Bruner).
26. MELANOPLUS ^ATLANIS.
(Plate XII, fig. 7.)
Caloptenus spretus PACKARD, Amer. Nat., VIII (1874), p. 502; ibid., IX (1875),
p. 573. RILEY, Can. Eut., VII (1875), p. 180.
Caloptenus atlanis RILEY!, Ann. Rep. Ins. Mo., VII (1875), p. 169; ibid., VIII
(1876), pp. 113-118, 153. WHITMAN, Grasshopper (1876), p. 19. RILEY !, Ann.
Rep. Ins. Mo., IX '1877), p. 86; Loc. Plague C1877), pp. 22-24, 27, 198-199.
. THOMAS, Rep. Ent. 111.. VII (1878), p. 38; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr.,
IV (1878), p. 500; Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1878, 1845 (1878); Rep.U. S. Eut.
Coram., I (1878), pp. 49-50, 52. PACKARD, ibid., I (1878). pp. 135, [140-144].
THOMAS, PACKARD, ibid., I (1878), p. 140. RILEY, ibid., I (1878). pp. 220,
225, 226, 232, 237, 284, 299, 446, 458, pi. in. THOMAS, ibid., II (1881), p. 106.
LINTNER, Ins. Clover (1881), p. 5. RILEY, Bull. U. S. Ent. Coimn., VI
(1881), pp. 89-90; Amer. Nat., XVII (1883), p. 1073; Rep. U. S. Ent., 1883
(1883), pp. 99, 170-180, pi. n. PACKARD, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comin., Ill (1883),
pp. 273-277, pis. xx-xxi. BRUNER, ibid., Ill (1883), pp. 9, 10, 14, 54. RILE ^ ,
Stand. Nat. Hist., II (1884), p. 194. COOK, Deal's Grasses X. A., I (1887), p.
373. CAULFIELD, Can. Rec. So., II (18S7), pp. 399, 401; Can. Orth. (1887),
pp. 11, 14. WEED, Bull. Ohio Exp. St., Techu. Ser., I (1889), p. 39.
SCHWARZ, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., I (1890), p. 213. HOWARD, Ins. Life, IV
(1891), p. 124. RILEY, Bull. Div. Eut. V. S. Dep. Agric., XXV (1891), pp.
26-27, figs. 4a-c. MILLIKEN, Ins. Life, VI (1893), pp. 19, 21.
Caloptenus atlantis THOMAS, Bull. 111. Mus. Nat. Hist., I (1876), p. 68. RILEY,
Amer. Nat., XI (1877), p. 665; ibid., XII (1878), p. 285. THOMAS, Rep. Ent.
111., IX (1880), pp. 92, 96, 124.
Caloptenns femur-rubrum PROVANCHER !,Nat. Can.. VIII (1876), pp. 109-110, fig. 12;
Faune Eut. Can., II (1877), p. 36, fig. 9.
Mtlanoplus devastator SCUDDEU! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878),
pp. 285-286, 287-288; (pars), Ent. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 46-47, 48-49; (pans),
Rep. U. S. Ent. Conmi.. II, app. (1880), p. 24.
Melanoplus atlantis SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.. XIX (1878). p. 286, 287;
Ent. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 45, 46. CAULFIELD, Rep. Eut. Soc. Out., XVIII
(1888), p. 71. COMSTOCK. Intr. Ent. (1888), pp. 108, 110.
Melanoplm atlanis SCUDDER!, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comru., II, app. (1881;, p. 24. pi.
xvii, fig.6. BRUNER, ibid., Ill (1883), p. 60: Can. Ent., XVII (1885). p. 17;
Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), pp. 137-138. RILEY, Rep. U. S. Eut.. 1-vC, { INN, ,,
p. 233, pi. vm, figs. 7a-c. BKUNER, ibid., 1885 (1886), pp. 303. 304, 306. 307;
Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XIII (1887), p. 11. FERNALD, Orth.X.E.
(1888), pp. 31, 33; Ann. Rep. Mass. Agric. Coll., XXV (1888 , pp. 115,117.
FLETCHER, Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XIX (1389), p. 10; Rep. Exp. Farms
Can., 1888 (1889), p. 63. DAMS, Ent Amer., V (1889). p'. *!. MARLATT, lus.
Life, II (1889), pp. 66-70. SMITH, Cat. Ins. X. J. (1890), p. 413. BLATCHLKY,
Can. Ent., XXIII (1891), p. 98. BRUNER, ibid., XXIII (1891), p. 192: Ins.
Life. Ill (1891). p. 229 ; ibid., IV (1891 ). pp. 21, 146 : Rep. Eut. Soc. Out.. XXII
(1891), p. 48; Bull. Div. Eut. U. S. Dep. Agric.. XXIII (1891), p. 14: Rep. St.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 179
Bd. Agric. Nebr., 1891 (1891), pp. 243, 306. McNwLL, Psyche, VI (1891), pp.
73-74. WEKI>, Can. Knt., XXIV (1892), p. 278. BRUNEI*, Bull. Div. Eut. U. S.
Dep. Agric., XXVII (1892), pp. 12-29; ibid., XXVIII (1893), pp. 29-30, figs.
14a-c; ibid., XXX (1893), p. 35; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p.28; Rep.
Nebr.St Bd. Agric., 1893 (1893), p. 459; Ins. Life, VI (1893), p. 34. SCUDDEK,
Psyche, VI (1893), p. 462. OSUORX, Ins. Life, V (1893), pp. 323-325; ibid., VI
(1893), pp. 80-81. MORSE, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 106. BEUTENMULLER. Bull.
Ainer. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI (1891), p. 306. BRUNER, Rep. St. Hort. Soc. Xebr.,
1894 (1894), p. 163; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S, Dep. Agric., XXXII (1894), p. 12;
Xebr. St. Hort. Rep., 1895 (1895), p. 69. LIXTXKR, Rep. St. Mus. N. Y., XL VIII
(1895), 440-443.
Caloptcnus bilituratus BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 60.
Pezoteitix atlanis HUNT, Misc. Ess. Econ. Ent. 111. (1886), pp. 120, 126. GARMAN,
Orth.Ky. (1894), pp. 3, 8.
Melanoplns atlanis caerulcipes COCKERELL, Entom., XXII (1889), p. 127.
[Many of these references may belong to species not heretofore distinguished
from M. atlanis.'}
f
Varying from medium to a little above medium size, dark griseo-fus-
cous, often tinged more or less heavily with ferruginous. Head a little
prominent, olivaceo-testaceous freckled with fuscous, above more or less
jnfuscated, sometimes diffusing the whole, sometimes confined to two
divergent longitudinal stripes, with a broad, piceous, postocular band;
vertex rather tumid, somewhat elevated above the prouotum, the inter-
space between the eyes nearly twice as broad as the first antenna! joint
in both sexes; fastigium steeply declivent, shallowly sulcate, more shal-
lowly in the female than in the male; frontal costa rather prominent,
failing to reach the clypeus, feebly narrowed above especially in the
male, fully as broad as the interspace between the eyes, slightly sulcate
at and below the ocellus, irregularly punctate throughout, above more
densely and with a tendency to a biseriate arrangement; eyes moderate,
rather prominent particularly in the male, much longer than the infra-
ocular portion of the genae; antennae rufo- or luteo-testaceous, about
five-sixths (male) or three fifths (femal'e) as long as the hind femora.
Pronotum rather short, feebly and angularly constricted in the middle,
the broad angulation at the principal sulcus and produced mostly by
the posterior expansion of the metazoua, more or less iufuscated and
often also ferruginous above, the lateral lobes with a generally distinct
and entire but sometimes broken or maculate, broad, piceous, postocular
band, confined to the prozona ; disk broadly convex and passing into
the vertical lateral lobes somewhat abruptly but with a well-rounded
shoulder, simulating but nowhere really forming distinct lateral cariuae ;
median carina distinct and well marked on the metazoua, obscure and
generally subobsoleteon the prozouaif not indeed obsolete, particularly
between the sulci and in the female; front margin truncate but very
narrowly and minutely flaring, hind margin obtusangulate. the angle
very slightly rounded ; prozona subquadrate a little variable on either
side (male) or distinctly transverse (female), rarely and then feebly
longer than the densely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine variable,
usually short, conical, a little blunt, slightly appressed, erect (male) or
180 PR CEEDING S OF THE NA TIO NA L M USE UH. VOL xx.
short appressed subconical, very blunt, erect (female), but sometimes it
is very blunt and decidedly appressed in tbe male, also it is occasionally
distinctly transverse, but it usually snows a distinct taper, generally
from base to tip; interspace between mesosternal lobes varying from
quadrate to half as long again as broad (male) or from quadrate to
slightly longer than broad (female). Tegmina usually surpassing con-
siderably the hind femora, occasionally and especially in the female only
a little, slender, feebly tapering, brownish fuscous, nearly always flecked
lightly with fuscous throughout the discoidal area; wings rather broad,
hyaline, the veins mostly testaceous, growing increasingly fuscous
toward the margins, the apex sometimes most faintly, scarcely percepti-
bly, iufumate. Thoracic episterua mostly flavo-testaceous in contrast to
the fuscous surroundings. Fore and middle femora of male somewhat
tumid; hind femora luteo- or flavo-testaceous, obscurely broadly and
obliquely bifasciate with fuscous besides the fuscous base, the inner sur-
face mostly flavous, more or less clouded with fuscous, the lower surface
externally flushed with roseate, the geriiculation mostly fuscous; hind
tibiae normally rather bright red, often feebly pallescent at base, with a
faint fuscous patellar spot, but not infrequently pale red or pale green
or pale yellow, or even dark blue, the spines black beyond the base,
nine to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdo-
men a-little clavate, a little recurved, the supraanal plate triangular
or hastate, feebly compressed just beyond the middle, the lateral mar-
gins before that a little elevated, the tip acutaugulate, the median
sulcus moderately deep, evanescent apically, its bounding ridges rather
high and followed apically by a pair of more distant longitudinal ridges
of less importance; furcula consisting of a pair of more or less diver-
gent, slight, slender, acuminate spines, less than a third, sometimes
only a fourth, the length of the supraanal plate; cerci generally about
twice as long as broad, sometimes less than that, rarely exceeding it,
composed of a basal, nearly equal, feebly tumid piece, and a strongly
compressed, slightly upturned and somewhat inbent apical portion,
narrowed by the oblique excision of the inferior margin, the apex well
rounded; subgenital plate subpyrainidal, with the apical margin a little
but rather abruptly elevated, thickened and mesially notched with
greater or less, generally considerable, distinctness, the notch followed
by a posterior sulcation to some distance.
Length of body, male, 21.5 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male, 10
mm., female, 7.5 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 20 mm.; hind femora,
male, 12.5 mm., female, 12.75 mm.
Three hundred and eighty-seven males, 408 females. Halifax, Nova
Scotia, H. Piers; Ottawa, Canada (U.S.N.M. Riley collection): Maine,
Packard; Moosehead Lake, Maine; Bar Harbor, Mount Desert Island,
Maine (S. Henshaw); White Mountains, New Hampshire, from valleys
through forests to highest summits of Mount Washington, Mount
Madison, Mount Lafayette Scudder, Henshaw, Packard, Slmrtleft',
Morse, Mrs. Slosson (S. H. Scudder; Museum Comparative Zoology,
NO. 1124. BEriSION OF THE MEL ANOPLI SCUDDER. 181
S. Heushaw; A.P.Morse); Bethlehem, Graftou County, New Hamp-
shire (Henshaw); Shelburne, Coos County, New Hampshire; Mount
Kearsarge, New Hampshire, 2,000 feet to 3251 feet (A. P. Morse);
Boscawen, Merrimack County, New Hampshire (U.S.N.M. Eiley col-
lection); Sudbury, Rutland County, Vermont; various localities in
the vicinity of or belonging to Boston, Massachusetts Hyde Park,
Beverly, Clifton, Milton, Blue Hills, Brookline, Canton, Eevere, Chelsea,
Maiden, Jamaica Plain, Cambridge (S. Heushaw; Museum Compara-
tive Zoology; A. P. Morse; S. H. Scudder); Plum Island, Putnam, and
Salem, Essex County, Massachusetts (Museum Comparative Zoology);
Warwick, Franklin County, Massachusetts, Miss A. M. Ed mauds
(same); Springfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts, Allen (same);
Williamstown, Berkshire County, Massachusetts; Adams, Berkshire
County, Massachusetts (A. P. Morse); Greylock, Massachusetts, 3,500
feet (same); Cape Cod, Massachusetts; Provincetowu, Barnstable
County, Massachusetts; Nantucket, Massachusetts (S. Henshaw; S.
H. Scudder); West Chop, Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, Morse
(Museum Comparative Zoology) ; Canaan and South Kent, Litchfield
County, Connecticut (A. P. Morse) ; Sullivan County, New York, Shaler
(Museum Comparative Zoology); New Jersey; Pennsylvania; Middle
States, Baron Osteu Sackeu ; Washington, D.C. (L. Bruner ; U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection); Danville, Pittsylvania County, Virginia, Packard
(Museum Comparative Zoology); North Carolina (S. Henshaw); Beau-
fort, Carteret County, North Carolina, Shute (Museum Comparative
Zoology); South Carolina (same); Georgia, Jones (same); Eossville,
Walker County, Georgia, King (same); Vigo County, Indiana (Blatch-
ley); Detroit, Michigan, H. Gillman; Illinois, Thomas (U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection); Chicago, Illinois; Moline, Eock Island County,
Illinois, McNeill; southern Illinois (Museum Comparative Zoology;
S. H. Scudder); Sudbury, Ontario; Winnipeg, Manitoba, E. Kenni-
cott; Minneapolis, Minnesota (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Custer,
South Dakota. Bruner (same); Crawford and Greene counties Iowa,
Allen ; Nebraska, Dodge; Fort Eobinson and Chadron, Dawes County,
Nebrnska, Bruner (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Gordon, Sheridan
County, Nebraska, Bruner (same); Nebraska City, Otoe County,
Nebraska, Hayden; St. Louis, Missouri (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection;
S. H. Scudder); Bushberg, Jefferson County, Missouri (U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection); New Madrid, Missouri, E. Kennicott; Williamsville,
Wayne County, Missouri, S. W. Denton (A. P. Morse); Monticello,
Lawrence County, Mississippi, Miss Helen Jeunison; Canebreak,
Louisiana, on cotton, Comstock (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection-); Texas,
Belfrage, Liucecum; Dallas, Texas, Boll; Columbus, Colorado County,
Texas, on cotton (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Orizaba and Aguas
Calientes, Mexico (L. Bruner); San Lorenzo, Chihuahua, Mexico,
Palmer; Mount Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Palmer; Bledos,
San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Palmer: Fort Grant, Graham County, Arizona
(U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); 40 miles east of Tucson, Pima County,
182 Pli CEEDING S OF THE NA TIOXA L If USE UM. VOL. xx.
Arizona, Palmer; Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona, Palmer 5
Arizona, Burrisou (Museum Comparative Zoology); Flagstaff, Coco-
niuo County, Arizona, Cordley (L. Bruner) ; Las Cruces, Donna Ana
County, New Mexico, Cockerell; Colorado (U.S.N.M. Riley collec-
tion; C. P. Gillette; S. Henshaw); Fruita, Mesa County, Colorado
(U.S.N.M. Kiley collection); Beaver Brook, Colorado, 6,000 feet; Salt
Lake, Utah, Packard; Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 4,300 feet; American
Fork Canyon, Utah, 9,500 feet; Provo, Utah County, Utah; Spring-
Lake Villa, Utah County, Utah, Palmer; Douglas, Converse County,
Wyoming (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Evanston, L^inta County,
Wyoming, 6,800 feet; Fort McKiuney, Johnson County, Wyoming
(U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Yellowstone National Park; Beaver
Canyon Eoad, Idaho; Yellowstone, Montana (U.S.N.M. Riley collec-
tion); Putnam, Custer County, Montana, A. Sloggy (same); Eldorado
County, California, 4,000 feet, Gissler; Uniatilla, Oregon, Henshaw
(Museum Comparative Zoology); The Dalles, Wasco County, Oregon,
Heushaw (same); Washington, Morrison (S. Heushaw); Camp Uma-
tilla, Washington, Heushaw (Museum Comparative Zoology) ; Preston's,
Klikitat Lone Tree, Yakima River opposite Elleusburg, Yakima
River Olmstead's, near Ellensburg Nelson's, Yakima River Yakima
City and Brown's, Colville Valley, Washington, Heushaw (same);
British Columbia, Crotch (Museum Comparative Zoology) ; explorations
in Arctic America and Yukon River, Alaska, R. Kennicott; Laggan,
Alberta, Bean ( S. Henshaw ; S. H. Scudder) ; Banff and Calgary, Alberta,
Beau (S. Henshaw) ; Fort McLeod, Alberta (U.S.N.M. Riley collection ;
L. Bruuer).
The published accounts add very little to the above range of distri-
bution, except that it is reported from Quebec (Provancher), northern
California (Packard), Nevada (Scudder), and south as far as middle
Florida probably by error (Packard).
It is probable, therefore, that it is found in every part of the continu-
ous district of the United States, excepting in the southernmost Atlantic
States and most of California, being thus limited very much as M.femnr-
rubrum ; it extends also into central Mexico, and north of our boundary
is found from Atlantic to Pacific as far at least as latitude 50 (except-
ing Newfoundland), and on the Pacific side reaches north to the Yukon
River and probably the Lower McKeuzie.
Next to M. spretus this is our most destructive locust, and east of
the Mississippi probably the only one ever doing much damage. Its
injuries, however, are not for a moment to be compared with those
inflicted by J/. spretus, for, though possessing good powers of flight
and on rare occasions known to migrate in swarms, its injuries can only
be classed as local, and they are never so serious as those inflicted by
M. spretus ; nevertheless they are by no means slight, and immense
destruction of grain is to be laid at its door. Bruner, who has studied
this insect over a wide extent of country, says that " while it occurs
over ... an extended territory, it appears to be ... partial to liilh
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELAXOPLISCrDDER. 183
or mountainous regions . . .5 it seems also to prefer a wooded or mixed
country to the open prairies or plains."
This is one of the most variable of the Melanopli, and it is some-
times difficult to distinguish from its immediate allies. The above
description is drawn up primarily from Eastern examples which came
from the region from which the species was originally described.
Specimens from the dry plains of the West (especially noted in those
from Utah) are decidedly paler and more cinereous in aspect than those
from relatively fertile country, and they have often a flavous stripe
bordering the eye and continued along the position of the lateral
carinae: a similar but not so striking a cinereous hue attaches to those
tliat occur in sandy localities in the Eastern States, as along the sea
margin. The exact contrary is shown in Canada just east of the Eocky
Mountains, where the specimens are exceedingly dark in color, almost
blackish fuscous, with heavy fasciation of the hind femora; l but here
again a difference of another sort occurs as one passes eastward, speci-
mens from Laggan and Banff almost invariably having relatively long
and slender male cerci, while at Calgary all that have been seen (with
a very few from the former localities) have male cerci hardly more
than half as long again as broad. Specimens from Mexico, however,
agree very closely with those from New England.
Specimens with green hind tibiae have been seen by me from the
White Mountains, New Hampshire, but not from the summits (except
Kearsarge 3,251 feet), from the vicinity of Boston, at Provincetown,
and on the island of Nantucket, Massachusetts, from Laggan, Alberta,
the Yellowstone region, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, Missouri, Colo-
rado, from the Salt Lake valley and American Fork Canyon (9,500 feet),
Utah, Texas, and Chihuahua, Mexico. Specimens with dark blue
hind tibiae have been seen from Iowa, Colorado, American Fork Canyon,
Utah, and Texas. In nearly or quite all these cases specimens with
red hind tibiae predominated in the same district.
According to Kiley the first mature insects observed one year about
St. Louis, Missouri, appeared July 12, and deposited eggs by July 20.
The eggs had a quadrilinear arrangement in the pod, hatched in from
three to four weeks, and the young took eighty days to reach maturity.
He says he has proved that the insect is there double-brooded, though
I find no data published by him in support of the statement, and the
above facts drawn from his writings militate against it. Bruuer, how-
ever, agrees with it, saying that in the District of Columbia a second
brood appears in the late autumn, composed of smaller and darker
individuals. I have seen nothing of the kind in New England.
The points in which the unfledged locusts differ from the same stages
in M. spretus and M. femur-rubrum are explained and figured in the
first report of the United States Entomological Commission, in which
many other interesting points regarding this species will be found.
1 Specimens from Sudbury, Ontario, are similarly (.lark.
184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL xx.
27. MELANOPLUS SPRETUS.
(Plate XII, fig. 8.)
Calopienus spretns UHLER!, MS. (1863). [WALSH], Pract. Eut., II (1866), p. 1.
GLOVER, Rep. IT. S. Dep. Agric., 1867 (1867), p. 65, lig. SCUDDER, Proc.
Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., XI (1868), p. 436; ibid., XII (1868), p. 88. [WALSH,
RILEY], Amer. Ent., I (1868), pp. 16, 73, fig. 65; ibid., I (1869), p. 249.
WALSH, Rep. Ins. 111., I (1868), p. 82. PACKARD. Guide Ins. (1869), p. 570,
fig. 564a. THOMAS, Anier. Ent., II (1870), p. 81; Proc. Acad. Xat. Sc. Phila.,
1870 (1870), p. 78. WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 678.
GLOVER, Rep. U. S. Dep. Agric., 1870 (1870), p. 76, fig. 31 ; ibid., 1871 (1871), p.
78, fig. 11. SCUDDER, Fin. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. (1871), pp. 250, 252.
THOMAS, Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1871), pp. 265, 281: ibid.,
V (1872), p. 451. DODGE, Can. Ent., IV (1872), p. 15. SMITH, Rep. Conn. Bd.
Agric., 1872 (1872), p. 366, fig. 9. LEBAROX, Aim. Rep. Nox. Ins. 111., II (1872),
p. 158. GLOVER, 111. N. A. Ins.,Ortb. (1872), pi. vm,fig. 1, pi. xm, fig. 15;
Rep. U. S. Dep. Agric., 1872 (1872), p. 121; ibid., 1873 (1873), pp. 125, 136,
fig. 8. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 164. GLOVER, Rep.
U. S. Dep. Agric., 1874 (1874), p. 28. THOMAS, Key 111. Orth. (1874?), p. 3.
BETHUNE, Can. Ent., VI (1874), p. 185. SCUDDER, Daws. Rep. Geol. Rec. 49th
par. (1875), p. 343. RILEY, Ann. Rep. Ins. Mo., VII (1875), p. 121, figs. 23-25,
27,28,31, 32, maps. DODGE, Can. Ent., VII (1875), p. 133. BETHUNE, Ann.
Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., 1874 (1875), pp. 8, 30, figs. 31, 34; ibid., 1875 (1876), p. 45,
fig.; Can. Ent., VIII (1876), p. 4. PUTNAM, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sc., I
(1876), pp. 187, 265. THOMAS, ibid., I (1876), pp. 260, 265. CARPENTER, Field
and For., I (1876), p. 81. MERRICK, ibid., II (1876), p. 64. RILEY et al.,
Rocky Mt. Loc. (1876), pp. 37-58, figs. 1-4. WHITMAN, Grasshopper (1876),
pp. 1-17, 4 figs. DAWSON, Can. Nat., n. s., VIII (1876), pp. 119-134. BROAD-
HEAD, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sc., Ill (1876), pp. 345-349. SCUDDER, Bull. U. S-
Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1876),.p. 261; Psyche, I (1876), p. 144. THOMAS, Bull.
111. Mus. Nat. Hist., I (1876), p. 68. RILEY, Rep. Ins. Mo., VIII (1876), pp.
57-156, figs. 39a-e; ibid., IX (1877), pp. 57-124, figs. 18-22, map; Amer. Nat.,
XI (1877), p. 664. SCUDDER, Ann. Rep. Geogr. Surv. W. 100th mer., 1876
(1877), p. 281 [Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876, p. 501]. BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX
(1877), p. 144. DODGE, Field and For., II (1877), p. 206. UHLER, Bull. U. S.
Geol. Surv. Terr., Ill (1877), pp. 359, 798. BESSRY, Bienn. Rep. Iowa Agric.
Coll., VII (1877), p. 209. THOMAS, Rep. Geogr. Surv. W. 100th mer., V (1877),
p. 892. PHILLIPS, Statist. Minn., 1876 (1877), p. 88-112. WHITMAN, Rep.
Rocky Mt. Loc., 1876 (1877), pp. 1-43, map. THOMAS, Rep. Ent. 111., VI (1877),
pp. 44-56. RILEY, THOMAS, PACKARD, Bull. U. S. Ent. Comm., II (1877). pp.
1-15, 11 figs., map; ibid., 2d ed. (1877), pp. 1-14, 11 figs., map. RILEY,
Loc. Plague (1877), pp. 1-231, maps 1-3, figs. 2, 3, 6-14. DAWSON, Can. Xat.,
n. s., VIII (1877), pp. 207-226; ibid., VIII (1878), pp. 411-417. THOMAS, Rep.
U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), pp. 31-52, 114-130, 334-350. PACKARD, ibid., I
(1878), pp. 136-211. RILEY, ibid., I (1878), pp. 212-257, 279-334, 350-437,
443-459. RILEY'THOMAS, PACKARD, ibid., I (1878), pp. 10-16, 1-29, 1-294, pi. I,
maps 1-3. THOMAS, Rep. Ent. 111., VII (1878), pp. 35, 36-38, figs. 4, 6, 8; Bull.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., IV (1878), pp. 483, 485. RILEY, Amer. Nat,, XII (1878),
p. 283. PACKARD, ibid., XII (1878), p. 516; ibid., XIII (1879), p. 586. GIRARD,
Trait^ ele~in. d'ent., II (1879), p. 248. THOMAS, Anier. Eiit.. Ill (1880), p.
225. CARPENTER, ibid., Ill (1880). p. 296. BOWLES, Can. Ent., XII (1880),
pp. 131-133, tig. 19. ABBE, Amer. Nat., XIV (1880), pp.' 735-738. THOMAS,
Psyche, III (1880), p. 114; Rep. Ent. 111., IX (1880), pp. 92, 96, 121-123. figs.
19-21. PACKARD, RILEY, Rep.U. S. Ent. Comm., II (1881), pp. 1-14. THOMAS,
ibid., II (1881), pp. 14-155. PACKARD, ibid., II (1881), pp. 156-163, 178-183,
o. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 185
223-242, fig. 9, pi. I, figs. 9-15. MINOT, ibid., II (1881), pp. 183-222, ph.
n-vii. RILEY, ibid., II (1881), p. 259-322, pi. xvi; Can. Ent., XIII (1881), p.
180. PACKARD, Amer. Nat., XV (1881), pp. 285-302, 372-379, pis. n-iv, v, figs.
1-3. HART, ibid., XV (1881), p. 749. RILEY, ibid., XV (1881), pp. 1007, 1013.
BOWLES, Anii. Rep. Eut. Soc. Ont., 1880 (1881), pp. 28-29. PACKARD, Nat.
Leis. Hour, V (1881), No. 4, pp. 4-10, figs. LINTNER, Ins. Clover (1881), p. 5;
Ann. Rep. Ins. N. Y., I (1882), p. 7, fig. 3a. MANX, Psyche, III (1883), pp.
379-380. RILEY, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., II (1883), p. S.-BRUXER,
ibid.. II (1883), pp. 7-22, 29. PACKARD, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), pp.
3-7, 263-273, 277-279, 346-347, pis. xvi-xix, maps 1-2. BRUNKR, ibid., Ill
(1883), pp. 8-54. MARTEN, ibid., Ill, App. (1883), pp. 50-54. SAUNDERS, Ins.
In.j. Fruits (1883), p. 157, figs. 165, 166. BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep.
Agric., IV (1884), pp. 51-62. RILEY, Stand. Nat. Hist., II (1884), pp. 195-201
figs. 274-281 ; Eep. U. S. Ent., 1884 (1885), p. 323. BRUNER, ibid., 1884 (1885),
pp. 398-399. CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), pp. 65, 67, figs. 19,
21. RILEY, Rep. U. S. Ent., 1885 (1886), pp. 228-229, pi. VHI, figs. 6a-c.
HANSEN, Nordam. Vandregr. [Tidskr. pop. fremst. naturw.], (1886), pp.
1-32. COOK, Beal'8 Grasses N. A., I (1887), pp. 373, 396, 409, fig. 156. CAUL-
FIELD, Can. Rec. Sc., II (1887), pp. 399, 401; Can. Orth. (1887), pp. 11, 14.
RILEY, Ins. Life, I (1888), pp. 30-31. PARSONS, ibid., I (1889), p. 380. WEED,
Bull. Ohio Exp. St., Techn. Ser., I (1889), p. 40. LUGGER, Rep. Agric. Exp.
St. Minn. (1889), pp. 339-343, figs. 5, 13, 15, 19-22; Bull. Agric. Exp. St. Minn.,
VIII (1889), pp. 305-349, figs. 1-4, pi. i, map. LINTNER. Rep. Ins. N. Y., VII
(1891), p. 338. RILEY, Ins. Life, III (1891), pp. 183, 438; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S.
Dep. Agric., XXV (1891), pp. 9-26, figs. 1-3, map, pi. i, figs. 1-5. OSBORN,
Goss, Bull. Iowa Exp. St., XIV (1891), pp. 174-175. PIERCE, Ins. Life, IV
(1891), p. 80. RILEY, ibid., IV (1892), p. 323.
Acridium spretis THOMAS, Trans. 111. St. Agric. Soc., V (1865), p. 450.
PezoMtix aprettis STAL, Bill. k. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V (1878), No. 9, p. 14.
HUNT, Misc. Ess. Econ. Ent. 111. (1886), pp. 120-122, 126.
Melanoplus sprctus SCUDDER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), p. 287;
Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 46; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., II, App. (1881), p.:24.
BRUNER, ibid., Ill (1883), p. 60. RILEY, Ent. Amer., I (1885), p. 177.
FLETCHER, Rep. Ent. Can., 1885 (1885), pp. 9-10, fig. 1. BRUNER, Bull.
Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 138; ibid., I (1886), p. 200; Rep. U. S. Ent,, 1885
(1886), pp. 303-307. CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71.
BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XIII (1887), pp. 9-17, 33. COM-
STOCK, Intr. Ent. (1888), pp. 108-110, figs. 97a-f. BHUNER, Rep. St. Bd. Agric.
Nebr., 1888 (1888), p. 88, figs. 1-3. RILEY, Ins. Life, II (1889), p. 87.
BRUNER, Bull. Div. Eut. U. S. Dep. Agric.. XXII (1890), p. 104; ibid., XXIII
(1891), p. 14; Can. Ent., XXIII (1891), p. 192; Ins. Life, III (1891), p. 229;
ibid., IV (1891), pp. 20-21; Rep. Ent. Soc. Out,, XXII (1891), pp. 47-48;
Rep. St. Bd. Agric. Nebr., 1891 (1891), pp. 243, 306-307, figs. 81-83. McNEiLL,
Psyche, VI (1891), p. 73. BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXVII
(1892), pp. 11-24. OSBORN, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sc., I, Pt. n (1892), p. 118. KEL-
LOGG, Inj. Ins. Kaiis. (1892), pp. 22-25, figs. 6a-d, 12a-f, 13a-f. WEBSTER,
Bull. Ohio Agric. St. (2), LV (1892), p. 205, fig. 29. BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent.
U. S. Dep. Agric., XXVIII (1893), pp. 27-29; ibid., XXX (1893), p. 35; Publ.
Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 28; Rep. St. Bd. Agric. Nebr., 1893 (1893). pp.
i:>!-460, figs. 99-101. OSBORN, Ins. Life, VI (1893), pp. 80-81. BRUNER, Rep.
St. Hort. Soc. Nebr., 1894 (1894), pp. 163, 205, fig. 69 ; ibid., 1895 (1895), p. 69.
LINTNER, Rep. St. Mus. N. Y., XLVIII (1895), p. 441, fig. 18.
Xelanoplus spretus caeruUlpes COCKERELL, Entorn., XXII (1889), p. 127.
Of large size, but of slender form, light griseo-fuscous, more or less
cinereous, and often tinged to a greater or less degree with ferruginous.
186' PROCEEDINGS OF THE XATIOXAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
Head somewbat prominent, light fusco-olivaceous, with a broad,
piceous, postocular band, and above more or less infuscated or dulled
in color, often with a pair of longitudinal fuscous stripes; vertex rather
tumid, raised considerably above the level of the pronotum, the inter-
space between the eyes half as broad again (male) or fully twice as
broad (female) as the first anteunal joint; fasti giuni steeply declivent,
rather deeply (male) or shallowly (female) sulcate throughout; frontal
costa moderately prominent, distinctly failing to reach the clypeus,
slightly narrowed above, especially in the male, about as broad as the
interspace between the eyes, feebly and broadly sulcate at and below
the ocellus, feebly punctate, above biseriately; eyes not very large
nor very prominent, not more so in the male than in the female (unus-
ual in Melanoplus), slightly shorter than the infraocular portion of the
genae ; antennae testaceous, nearly two-thirds as long as the hind femora
in both sexes, scarcely relatively shorter in the female than in the male.
Pronotum very short, equal on the prozona, expanding somewhat on
the metazona, light brownish fuscous, often ferruginous, the lateral
lobes with a much broken and maculate postocular piceous or dark
fuscous band confined to the prozona, the disk broadly convex, passing
into the vertical lateral lobes by a rounded angle forming a blunt
shoulder on the metazona and posterior section of the prozona only;
median cariua distinct and antero-posteriorly convex on the metazona,
feeble and often subobsolete on the prozona; front margin truncate,
hind margin feebly obtusangulate, the angle sometimes rounded; pro-
zona distinctly transverse, more so in the female than in the male,
shorter (particularly in the female) than the finely and very feebly
punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long, appressed, feebly
conical, very blunt, erect, shorter in the female than in the male; inter-
space between mesosternal lobes from half as long again to twice as
long as broad (male) or quadrate (female). Tegmina exceptionally long,
far surpassing the hind femora, not very narrow, subequal, brownish
testaceous, heavily flecked with blackish fuscous, usually through the
discoidal area but sometimes confined to the middle line; wings ample,
hyaline, the veins mostly fuscous, but testaceous next the costal margin.
Fore and middle femora only a little tumid in the male; hind femora
testaceo-ferruginous clouded with fuscous above, particularly in broad
basal, premedian and postmedian patches, the geniculation mostly
blackish fuscous, the lower genicular lobe pallid testaceous with a basal
blackish bar, the inferior surface, especially externally, flushed with
roseate; hind tibiae bright red throughout, the spines black almost to
the very base, ten to eleven, rarely twelve, in number in the outer series.
Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate, somewhat recurved, the
supraanal plate triangular or subhastate, faintly compressed just
beyond the middle, the margins feebly elevated on basal half, the apex
subacutangulate, the median carinapercurrent and rather deep, bet ween
rather high and sharp ridges; furcula consisting of a pair of slight,
tapering and acuminate, flattened, more or less divergent spines, about
NO. 1124. EE VISION OF THE MELA XOPL ISC UDDER. 187
a fourth as long- as the supraanal plate; cerci forming nearly flat plates,
about half as long again as broad, lying in a nearly uniform subver-
tical plane, generally slightly curved or bent upward, the apical half
slightly more compressed than the basal and narrowed by a consider-
able oblique excision of the inferior margin, the tip broadly rounded
or subtrnncate; subgenital plate roundly subpyramidal, the apical mar-
gin with moderate abruptness, somewhat elevated, thickened, and
mesially notched distinctly.
Length of body, male, 25 mm., female, 28 mm.; antennae, male, 9 mm.,,
female, 8.75 mm.; tegmiua, male, 26.5 mm., female, 27.5 mm.; hind
femora, male and female, 14 mm.
Two hundred and seventy- six males, 439 females. I refrain from givin g
in detail the localities from which I have seen specimens, both on account
of their immber and because, from the irregular distribution of the
insect in different years, such details would have little value without
dates, which are not always accessible; farther on, however, I give all
that are of special interest.
The name of this species is to be credited to Mr. P. R. Uhler, who
placed it in his collection thirty or more years ago and communicated
it to various persons, who used it. sometimes in an incorrect form. The
original specimens were received from Mr. Robert Kennicott, and were
obtained by him from a migratory horde which settled in the then Red
River settlements, now Winnipeg and vicinity, Manitoba. On Mi\
Uhler's generous transfer of his collection to me, these specimens, with
their history, came into my possession, and I now have them with his
original labels. One has been placed in the National Museum.
It was thus known from the start as a migratory insect, and com-
paring it with any species of the genus one would at once be struck
with the greater length of the tegmiua and wings. These were meas-
ured by Riley; in forty-eight males the tegmiua extended beyond the
abdomen 5 to 10 mm., with an average of 7.6 mm. ; in ninety-nine females
they ranged from 3 to 10 mm. beyond the abdomen, the average 6.7 mm.
It is now well known as the "Rocky Mountain Locust" or destructive
locust of the States in the western half of the Mississippi Valley. It
has been more written about than any other American Orthopteroii, and
was specially discussed by the United States Entomological Commission,
organized to devise methods of checking its ravages after a study of its
natural history. It forms the almost exclusive subject of their first
report, and occupies a considerable space in their second. Although a
considerable body of the evidence adduced by them is contradictory
and in part of doubtful application to this particular species, their con-
el tisio;iis are in very large measure well founded. As appears from a
study of their work and other available material, the following conclu-
sions may be fairly drawn:
(1) Tho home of the species is in favorable localities in the elevated
region of the Rocky Mountains or immediately bordering it from the
188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
South Saskatchewan to Wyoming, inclusive, and in the Bocky Moun-
tain region proper in Colorado and Utah.
(2) In certain years, especially in dry seasons, between raid- July and'
mid-September, migratory hordes of incredible numbers and of both
sexes pass from their natural breeding grounds to the east, southeast,
and south, conveyed by the winds (toward which they head) over a
greater or less and sometimes a vast extent of country from Lake Win-
nipeg to or almost to the Gulf of Mexico, rarely passing farther east
tban longitude 93, and devastating the countries they reach to an
alarming extent, sometimes in places absolutely destroying all standing
crops and defoliating fruit trees.
(3) As they rise for flight from home only in dry clear weather (when
the prevailing winds are from the north or northwest), they do not seri-
ously invade the regions (mostly infertile) to the west of their home.
(4) The invaders extend or may extend their flights to a distance ofi
at least 500 miles from their point of origin, but there is no clear evi-
dence to show that (as claimed by the Commission) they extend it to
double that distance.
(5) They deposit their eggs throughout the invaded territory, but
their descendants therein of the succeeding year not only do not effect
a tithe of the damage of the preceding year (although on the ground
earlier), but when winged move about in swarms from place to place,
their prevailing direction at least during the earlier part of the sea-
son being the reverse of that of their parents; but even when they
alight and cover the ground they are far less harmful than were their
invading parents.
(6) With few exceptions, movements on the wing are with or nearly
with the wind, and are usually made in clear weather between 9 a. m.
and 4 p. m., but they are sometimes certainly made at night.
(7) Eelatively speaking, exceedingly few of the returning swarms
ever reach the true home of the species. As a rule, they show signs of
enfeeblement and deposit few eggs in the invaded region, so that their
descendants on the invaded soil grow less and less numerous, and, in
effect if not in fact, die out in the course of a very few, probably at
most two or three, years.
1 can add almost nothing to the facts given by the Entomological
Commission. It may be worth while to state that in 1877 I took or
noted this insect at the following points: July 11, between Idaho and
Georgetown, Colorado, common, both mature and immature; July 12-13,
Georgetown, Colorado, from 8,500 feet to above timber, mature and
immature; July 16, Argentine Pass, Colorado, 13,000 feet, in abundance,
from young just hatched to imagos, and masses of dead imagos under
stones on the mountain crests; July 20, Laramie, Wyoming; July
21-31, Green River, Wyoming, plenty but not abundant and mostly
mature; Alkali Station, north of Green River, Wyoming, 6,000 feet;
August 1-4, Salt Lake Valley, mostly mature, very plenty everywhere
NO. 1124. xKrisiox or THI: MELAXOPLI SCUDDI u. 189
but particularly in the southern end of the valley; August 2-3, Amer-
ican Fork Canyon, Utah, 9,500 feet; August 6, Evanston, Wyoming,
6,800 feet, plenty; August 11-16, South Park, Colorado, 8,000 to 10,000
feet, everywhere, mature; August 13, Mount Lincoln, Colorado, 11,000
to 13,000 feet, crowds of nymphs and images, as well as masses of dead
imagos under stones at summit; August 17-22, Florissant, Colorado,
8,000 feet; August 24, Pikes Peak, Colorado, 12,000 to 13,000 feet;
August 24-25, Manitou, Colorado, 6,300 feet; August 26, Colorado
Springs, Colorado, plenty; August 28-29, Garland, Colorado, 8,000
feet, plenty ; August 29, Sierra Blauca, Colorado, below 10,000 feet, none
seen above timber; August 30-31, Pueblo, Colorado, 4,700 feet, plenty;
August 31, Animas, Colorado; September 1, Lakin, Kansas, plenty.
I have also seen specimens from the following localities, which have
some special interest: Fort Hayes, Kansas, collected by J. A. Allen in
June, 1871 (not heretofore reported in Kansas in this year); Preston,
Texas, Captain Pope, May 15, 1854 (necessarily the progeny of an invad-
in-g flight in a previous year, and none are recorded either in Texas or
Arkansas between 1850 and 1853, inclusive); Binggold Barracks, on
the Lower Eio Grande, A. Schott, presumably also in the spring of
1854, when the Mexican Boundary Commission was at work there;
Sonora, Mexico, A. Schott, and San Lorenzo, Chihuahua, Mexico, E.
Palmer, showing that it reaches Mexico, and that too even as far west
as Sonora. I have also a single specimen from California from Mr. H.
Edwards, but it may have been taken in that part of the State east of
the Sierra Nevada.
A tabular view of " locust years " for the different States will be
found in the first report of the Commission, page 113.
This insect is normally single brooded; the eggs winter and the
earliest (those in warm exposures) hatch in Texas from the middle to
the last of March, and " continue to hatch most numerously about four
days later with each degree of latitude north," so that in Montana and
Manitoba it is from the middle of May to the first of June. This is in
the temporary region ; probably it is correspondingly later on the higher
levels of the permanent breeding grounds. The young reach maturity
in sixty to seventy- two days, to judge from those reared in confine-
ment, and after a few days couple, the female beginning to lay eggs in
about a fortnight thereafter. The eggs arc laid in almost any kind of
soil, but by preference in bare, sandy places, and in their permanent
home they show a preference for the shaded base of shrubby plants;
they are laid in a sort of pod, with a quadrilinear arrangement therein.
Several pods may be laid by a single female, Mr. Eiley having on
three different occasions obtained two pods from single females in con-
finement, laid at intervals of eighteen, twenty-one, and twenty-six days,
respectively.
The migratory instinct appears to be strongest within about three
weeks from the time of attaining maturity, or shortly before and during
190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
the season of oviposition. The return flights in the " temporary region"
begin from the 5th to the 10th of May in latitude 35, and about four
days later with each degree farther north. Mr. Riley, from whose
accounts these statements are drawn, gives a long list of plants and
trees attacked by this locust and its preferences among them. 1
7. DEVASTATOR SERIES.
This group is composed of very closely related species, often difficult
to distinguish, in which the male prozona is quadrate or subquadrate,
and the immature markings on the lateral lobes of the pronotuin, char-
acteristic of the young of Melanoplus, occasionally persist in the adult
-and especially in the female; the interspace between the mesosternal
lobes of the male is always longer than broad, varying from a little more
than half as long again to a little more than twice as long as broad.
The tegmina are always fully developed and generally maculate; the
hind tibiae are variable in color, often within the species, and have
from nine to thirteen spines in the outer series.
The supraanal plate is similar to that of the femur-rubrum series,
but less constricted in the middle and shorter; the furcula consists of
a pair of parallel or subparalleJ, tapering, tolerably long, generally
fattened, acuminate fingers; the cerci are very simple, rather small,
not reaching the tip of the supraanal plate, slender and subequal,
tapering feebly in the basal half, equal beyond, bluntly rounded at tip,
and a little incurved, generally slightly sulcate or dimpled apically on
the outer side; the subgenital plate is broad, of subequal breadth, but
slightly broader at base than at tip, apically elevated and the apical
margin well rounded, thickened, and weakly notched.
The insects are of small or medium size, and the species, eight in
number, are separable with difficulty. They are confined almost
exclusively to California, a single one of them only occurring also a
little beyond its boundaries in the neighboring regions. It is the char-
acteristic group of the Pacific coast.
28. MELANOPLUS DIMINUTUS, new species.
(Plate XII, fig. 9.)
Dark brownish fuscous with a ferruginous tinge. Head somewhat
pi eminent, brownish testaceous, more or less, generally profusely, dot-
ted with fuscous, and a fuscous baud behind the eyes: vertex rather
tumid, somewhat elevated above the pronotuin; interspace between
the eyes not very broad, equal to (male) or slightly broader than (female)
the first autennal joint; fastigium steeply decliveut. deeply sulcate
throughout; frontal costa fading out halfway between the ocellus and
lypeus, distinctly contracted above, equal elsewhere and broader than
(male) or as broad as (female) the interspace between the eyes, scarcely
sulcate but with prominent margins, seriately punctate at the sides;
First report of the Entomological Commission, pages 1251-252 .
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER. 191
eyes large, prominent, especially iii the male, much longer than the
intraocular portion of the genae, broadly convex anteriorly; antennae
about a half (male) or two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora,
dull castaneous. Pronotuui feebly constricted in the middle, enlarg-
ing almost as much in front as behind, the front border truncate, the
hind border somewhat obtusaugulate, fusco-castaneous, profusely and
rather coarsely punctate with fuscous above, the lateral lobes with a
maculate piceous baud on the upper part of the prozona, often divided
obliquely, especially in the female, by a dull luteous stripe; median
carina percurrent, sometimes feebler on the prozona and often subob-
solete between the sulci, the disk passing by a rounded shoulder, more
distinct on the metazona than on the prozona, into the slightly tumid
lateral lobes; prozona quadrate (male) or feebly transverse (female),
scarcely longer than the feebly punctate metazona. Prosternal spine
not very long and moderately slender (male) or short and stout (female),
a ppressed conical, blunt, erect; interspace between inesosternal lobes
about half as long again as broad (male) or slightly longer than broad
(female). Tegmina reaching the tips of the hind femora (male) or a
little shorter than that, shorter than the abdomen (female), not very
slender, tapering and narrowly rounded at tip, distinctly maculate in
the discoidal area, especially in the female, brownish fuscous; wings
moderately broad, pellucid, with glauco-fuscous veins. Hind femora
dark testaceous with basal patch and oblique premedian and postine-
dian bars of blackish fuscous, dull red beneath, the genicular arc
black, the lower genicular lobe pallid marked with fuscous; hind tibiae
sordid glaucous, dull lutesceut apically and basally, occasionally pale
led, the spines black except at base, ten to eleven, usually eleven, in
number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, a
little elongate, well rounded, considerably upturned, the supraanal
plate triangular with subrectangulate apex, the lateral margins basally
rounded, broadly upturned, the percurreut median sulcus a mere slit
between rather high compressed walls, with a pair of pronounced ter-
minal ridges; furcula consisting of a pair of rather slender, depressed,
tapering, acuminate, parallel fingers, reaching nearly to the middle of
the supraaual plate; cerci small, slender, nearly straight and nearly
e^ual, but basally tapering and apically a little inbent, rather stout,
well rounded at apex, and with the inbent portion deeply dimpled
exteriorly; subgenital plate rather broad, rather short, considerably
and abruptly elevated apically, but not prolonged posteriorly, tlie apical
margin subtruneate, distinctly notched.
Length of body, male 16 mm., female 17 mm.; antennae, male 0.25
mm., female 5 mm.; tegmina, male 12.5 mm., female 11 mm.; hind
femora, male 9.5 mm., female 10 mm.
Five males, 9 females. San Francisco, California, November (U.S.
N.M. Kiley collection); Marin County, California, August 8 (same);
Monterey, California, October 19, next the seashore.
This is one of the smallest species of Melanoplns.
192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
29. MELANOPLUS CONSANGUINEUS, new species.
(Plate XII, fig. 10.)
)\ Dark ferrugiueo-fuscous. Head slightly prominent, very dark tes-
taceous, heavily infuscated above and sometimes flecked with fuscous
on face and geuae, a piceous band behind the eyes; vertex rather
tumid, well raised above the pronotum, the interspace between the
(yes rather narrow, about as wide as (male) or a little wider than
(female) the first antenna! joint; fastigium steeply declivent, broadly
and rather deeply sulcate; frontal costa equal (female) or narrowed
above (male), at its broadest considerably (male) or somewhat (female)
broader than the interspace between the eyes, fading below, slightly
sulcate at and below the ocellus, sedately punctate on the sides; eyes
as in M. diminutus; antennae dark castaneous, less than two-thirds as
long as the hind femora, of about equal relative length in the two sexes.
Pronotum subequal, enlarging a little on the metazona and feebly in
front; front margin truncate, hind margin obtusangulate, the lateral
lobes with a broad piceous belt across the prozona above, below which
they are lighter than the disk; median cariua distinct on the metazoua,
feeble on the prozona, and nearly obsolete between the sulci; lateral
carinae marked only by a rounded shoulder more distinct on the meta-
zoua than on the prozona; prozona subquadrate, scarcely longer than
the finely and not sharply punctate metazona, Prosternal spine erect
and rather long, conieo-cylindrieal (male) or rather short, appressed
conical (female); interspace between mesosternal lobes about half as
long again as broad (male), or only a little longer than broad (female).
Tegmina nearly reaching (male) or slightly surpassing (female) the tip
of the hind femora, rather slender, tapering, strongly rounded apically
dark fuscous with tolerably distinct maculation in the discoidal area;
wings not very broad, hyaline, with glauco-fuscous veins. Hind femora
dull testaceous, marked as in Jlf. diminutus, the hind tibiae glaucous,
the spines pallid at base, black at tip, ten to eleven in number in the
outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, well upturned, the
supraanal plate triangular, the lateral margins broadly elevated and
at base well rounded, the median sulcus narrow and, except apically,
deep, its bounding walls rather high and abrupt; furcuhi consisting of
a pair of depressed, rather slender, tapering, acuminate, slightly
divergent fingers, falling somewhat short of the middle of the supraanal
plate; cerci small and slender, about four times as long as broad, nearly
straight but gently incurved throughout, broadly rounded apically?
subequal but tapering slightly on basal half, the apical third deeply
sulcate exteriorly, the whole considerably shorter than the supraanal
plate; subgenital plate moderately broad and short, the lateral margins
somewhat abruptly and moderately elevated apically, but not pro.
longed posteriorly, the apical margin narrowly subtruncate and feebly
emarginate.
NO. HIM REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCFDDER. 193
Length of body, male, 16.5 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male
C.25 nim., female, 7 mm.; tegmina, male, 11.5 mm., female, 16 mm.; hind
femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 11.5mm.
One male, 1 female. Sacramento County, California (U.S.N.M.
Riley collection).
This species is closely related to the last, and with larger material
may possibly prove the same.
X
30. MELANOPLUS SIERRANUS, new species.
(Plate XIII, fig. 1.)
' Dark brownish fuscous, lighter beneath. Head fusco-olivaceous,
punctate with fuscous, ferrugineo-testaceous above, with a postocular
black stripe and the margins of the fastigium more or less marked with
black ; vertex very gently tumid, hardly elevated above the pronotum,
the interspace between the eyes slightly wider than (male) or nearly
twice as wide as (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium strongly
decliveut, heavily (male) or broadly and rather shallowly (female) sul-
cate; frontal costa subequal, feebly broader than the interspace between
the eyes, percurrent, sulcate at and a little below the ocellus, some-
times to the base in the male, seriately punctate laterally in black or
fuscous; eyes moderately large, somewhat prominent in the male, dis-
tinctly longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae rufo-
testaceous (male) or ferruginous (female), about four-fifths (male) or
three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal,
scarcely enlarging posteriorly, the disk nearly plane but feebly convex,
passing by a well-rounded angle into the slightly tumid but vertical
lateral lobes, the median carina distinct and sharp on the metazona,
subobsolete on the prozona, the disk ferrugineo-testaceous, punctate
with fuscous, especially in the female, the lateral lobes luteo-testaceous
with a broad piceous band on the upper part of the prozoua, in the
female not infrequently broken in the middle by an oblique luteous
stripe, and followed below on the posterior section of the prozona by a
luteous patch; front border scarcely convex, hind border obtusaugu-
late, the angle well rounded in the female; prozona quadrate or feebly
longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), slightly longer than the meta-
zona. Prosternal spine feebly conical (male) or appressed conical
(female), moderately long, rather slight, erect; interspace between
inesosternal lobes fully twice as long as broad (male) or less than half
as long again as broad (female). Tegmiua reaching, occasionally
slightly surpassing, the hind femora, moderately slender, feebly taper-
ing, dark brownish fuscous, the discoidal area very feebly (male) or
distinctly (female) maculate; wings moderately broad, hyaline, the veins
and cross veins, except in the lower half of the anal area, blackish
fuscous with a glaucous tinge. Hind femora fusco-ferruginous, the
Proc. ]S". M. vol. xx 3tf
\
194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL
outer face largely blackish fuscous, rnesially interrupted narrowly with
a very oblique luteo-testaceous cloud, giving it a broadly and very
obliquely bifasciate appearance, intensified by the bifasciation of the
upper surface and upper portion of the inner face 5 beneath luteo-rufes-
cent or pale carmine; hind tibiae bright red, or less frequently greenish
glaucous, with a subpatellar fuscous spot, the spines black except at
base, ten to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male
abdomen feebly clavate, a little upturned, the supraanal plate trian-
gular, acutangulate at tip, the sides full at base, throughout tilted
upward, the median sulcus percurrent, deep, rather broad, the sharply
tectate walls fading apically ; furcula consisting of a pair of slight and
delicate, divergent, acuminate fingers, not depressed, rarely reaching a
third way across the supraanal plate ; cerci rather small, hardly more
than three times as long as broad, tapering gently in the basal half,
beyond equal, and this portion bent a little inward and feebly sulcate
externally, the apex well rounded; subgenital plate rather small, broad
at base, apically as broad as long, the apical margin abruptly and
slightly elevated but not prolonged, a little compressed and notched.
Length of body, male, 19.5 mm., female, 19 mm. ; antennae, male, 8
mm., female, 6 mm.; teginina, male, 13.5 mm., female, 12.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 10 mm., female, 10.5 mm.
Twenty-eight males, 23 females. Mountains near Lake Tahoe, Placer
County, California, September, October, Heushaw, Wheeler's Expe-
dition, 1876; Placer County, California, September (U.S.X.M. Eiley
collection) ; Truckee, Nevada County, California, October 10.
.
31. MELANOPLUS ATER, new species.
(Plate XIII, fig. 2.)
Very dark brownish fuscous with a feeble ferruginous tinge. Head
not prominent, dull fusco-olivaceous, delicately blotched with fuscous,
above wholly fuscous, with a broad, piceous, postocular baud ; vertex
gently tumid, feebly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace
between the eyes slightly (male) or considerably (female) broader than
the first antennal joint; fastigium very declivent, rather (female) or
very (male) sulcate throughout; frontal costa hardly percurrent, espe-
cially in the male, a little contracted above, below broader than (male)
or fully as broad as (female) the interspace between the eyes, shallowly
sulcate at and, in the male, below the ocellus, punctate throughout ;
eyes moderately large, not very prominent, distinctly longer than the
infraocular portion of the geuae; antennae rufo-testaceous, in the male
about two- thirds as long as the hind femora. Prouotum rather short,
feebly expanding posteriorly, the lower part of the lateral lobes more
or less tinged with luteous, the upper half of the prozona with an
obscure fusco-piceous or fuscous baud, the disk nearly plane but
slightly tectate on the prozona, the median cariua percurrent but
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEK. 195
feebler on the prozoua than on the inetazona and more or less obsolete
between the snlci, the disk passing into the lateral lobes by a well-
rounded angle, becoming a tolerably distinct lateral carina on the
metazoua, the front margin subtruncate, the hind margin obtusangu-
late; prozona quadrate (male) or slightly transverse (female), scarcely
if any longer than the finely punctate metazoua. Prosternal spine
short, erect, conico cylindrical, feebly (male) or considerably (female)
appressed, blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes somewhat less
than twice as long as broad (male) or feebly transverse (female).
Tegmina dark brownish fuscous, almost equally opaque throughout,
with distinct maculation in the discoidal field, reaching (male) or fall-
ing somewhat short of (female) the tips of the hind femora, not very
slender, distinctly tapering, well rounded apically. Hind femora fusco-
testaceous, rather obscurely and broadly fasciate with blackish fuscous,
the inferior face ferruginous; hind tibiae obscure pale green, with an
obscure fuscous basal annulus and often more or less flecked with fus-
cous, the spines black or brown with pallid base, ten to eleven in num-
ber in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, somewhat
upturned, the supraanal plate somewhat long triangular, with slightly
convex and gently elevated lateral margins, a slightly produced
acutangulate apex (its production not shown in the figure), a rather
slender, not very deep, percurrent, median sulcus, with sharp but not
high walls, and a pair of parallel, slight, short, apical ridges; furcula
consisting of a pair of subparallel, flattened, tapering, acuminate fin
gers reaching nearly to the middle of the supraanal plate; cerci small
and slender, subequal but mesially contracted laminae, nearly four
times as long as broad, very faintly upcurved, apically a trifle incurved
and well rounded, the external face distinctly punctate and apically
feebly dimpled, with a very slight inward directed flange from the
lower margin apically, the whole falling far short of the tip of the
supraanal plate; infracercal plates rather broad and sulcate, but con-
cealed by the recumbent cerci except apically, as they are a little larger
than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, longer than broad,
the apical margin transverse, somewhat elevated but not prolonged,
thickened and distinctly notched.
Length of body, male, 18.75 mm., female, 19.5 mm.; antennae, male,
7 mm; tegmiua, male, 14.5 mm., female 13 mm. ; hind femora, male, 10.5
mm., female, 12 mm.
Two males, 3 females. San Francisco, California, October, November
(L. Bruner; S. H. Scudder).
This species is very closely related to the last, and with larger
material may prove to be the same: but the anal cerci are faintly larger
apically than mesially in the present form, while in M. sierranus they
retain apically their mesial narrowness.
y
196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
32. MELANOPLUS DEVASTATOR.
(Plate XIII, figs. 3-7.)
Melanoplus devastator SCUDDER ! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), pp.
285-286, 287-288; (pars), Entom. notes, VI (1878), pp. 46-47, 48-49; (pars),
Rep. U. S. Eiit. Comm., II (1880), App., p. 24, pi. xvn, figs. 2, 3, 19, 20.- -
? BRUXER, ibid., Ill (1883), p. 60; ? Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., II, (1883),
p. 11;? ibid., IV (1884), p. 58.; (pars), Bull. Wash b. Coll., I (1885), p. 138.
RILEY, Ent. Amer., 1(1885), p. 177; Rep. U. S. Ent., 1885 (1886), pp. 229-232,
pi. vin, figs. 1-5 a-c. COQUILLETT, ibid., 1885 (1886), pp. 291-295, 297.
? BRUXER, ibid., 1885 (1886), pp. 306, 307. COQUILLETT, Ins. Life, I (1889), p.
227. ? RILEY, ibid., II, (1889), p. 27. BRUNER, Can. Ent., XXIII (1891),
p. 193; Ins. Life, IV (1891), p. 21; Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XXII (1891), p. 48.
COQUILLETT, Ins. Life, V (1892), pp. 22-23; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric.,
XXVII (1892), pp. 35-57. BRUNER, ibid., XXVIII (1893), pp. 22-24, figs. 10
a-d, 11 a-c; Rep. Nebr. St. Bd. Agric., 18)3 (1893), p. 460, fig. 102; Rep. St.
Hort. Soc. Nebr., 1894 (1894), pp. 163, 205, fig. 70 ; ibid., 1895 (1895), p. 69.
Melanoplus affinis COQUILLETT!, Ins. Life, I (1889), p. 227.
Caloptenus devastator RILEY, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., ^vXV (1891), pp. 28-
30, figs. 6 a-d, 7 a-c. MILLIKEN, Ins. Life, VI (1893), p. 19.
Varying from dark brownish fuscous to ferrugineo- testaceous. Head
feebly prominent, more or less livid testaceous, above darker, sometimes
completely blackish fuscous, sometimes blackish fuscous in a median
posterior stripe, and always with a fuscous or blackish postocular baud;
vertex somewhat tumid, especially iu the male, raised well above the
level of the pronotuin, the interspace between the eyes moderate, fully
as broad as (male) or much broader than (female) the first antenna!
joint 5 fastigium strongly declivent, deeply (male) or shallowly (female)
sulcate throughout; frontal costa percurrent, rather broad, broader
than (male) or as broad as (female) the interspace between the eyes,
subequal but a little contracted at its upper extremity, feebly sulcate
about the ocellus, punctate throughout, but especially laterally ; eyes
pretty large, not very prominent even in the male, distinctly longer than
the intraocular portion of the genae; antennae about two-thirds (male)
or but little more than half (female) as long as the hind femora, varying
from luteous to ferruginous, often a little infuscated, especially apically.
Pronotuin feebly enlarging posteriorly, faintly constricted niesially, the
lateral lobes a little lighter colored than the disk, except for the broad
piceous band above, which extends across the prozona, occasionally a
little broken; front margin faintly convex, hind margin a little obtus-
angulate, the median cariua distinct on the metazona only, subobsolete
between the sulcij lateral carinae feebly indicated in the abrupt but
rounded angle by which the disk passes into the lateral lobes ; prozoua
quadrate or longitudinally subquadrate in both sexes, but little or
no longer than the faintly punctate metazona. Prosternal spine not
very long, moderately stout, cylindrical, blunt, erect, a little shorter
and a little appressed in the female; interspace between mesosternal
lobes much more than twice (male) or slightly (female) longer than
NO. 1124. HETTSIOX OF THE MELAXOPLI SC UDDER. 197
broad. Tegmina a little surpassing the hind femora, at least in the male,
only moderately slender, tapering a little, well rounded apically, fus-
cous, generally very dark fuscous, the discoidal area maculate in a very
variable degree, from a feeble indication only (in which case the whole
surface of the tegmiua is generally exceptionally dark) to a heavy and
coarse or a pronounced, rather delicate and distant flecking; wings mod-
erately broad, hyaline, with fuscous veins and cross veins more or less
tinged with glaucous, and becoming wholly glaucous in the anal area.
Hind femora dull testaceous, very obliquely and broadly bifasciate
with blackish fuscous and with a basal patch of the same on the outer
and upper faces, the lower face and lower half of the inner face red or
reddish; hind tibiae either dark glaucous, or red, or luteo-glaucous,
often more or less infuscated in threads basally, generally deepening
there in color, and when deepest often with a narrow, pale, subbasal
aimulus; the spines black, except their pallid base, ten to eleven, rarely
twelve, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen
oblong clavate, considerably upturned, the supraanal plate triangular,
with subrectaugulate apex, convex and broadly upturned lateral mar-
gins, a deep and narrow, percurrent, median sulcus, bounded by high
walls, and a pair of slight and short apical ridges ; furcula consisting of
a pair of parallel, flattened, rather slight, tapering, acuminate fingers,
hardly reaching a third way across the supraanal plate; cerci small,
slender, subequal but feebly tapering in basal half, very feebly up-
curved and as feebly incurved,, about four times as long as broad, the
apical third or less externally excavate, the tip well rounded, the whole
much shorter than the supraaual plate ; subgenital plate moderately
broad at base, longer than broad, the apical margin considerably and
rather abruptly elevated, but not prolonged, and slightly notched
niesially.
Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male, 7.75
mm., female, 6.25 mm.; tegmiua, male, 16.5 mm., female, 16 mm.; hind
femora, male, 11.75 mm., female, 12 mm.
Eighty-two males, 58 females. Wenas, Yakima County, Washington
(Museum Comparative Zoology); California (L. Bruner); California, H.
Edwards; California, Eicksecker (S. Henshaw); Siskiyou County, Cali-
fornia (U.S.IOI. Eiley collection); Sissous, . Siskiyou County, Cali-
fornia, Packard; Fort Redding, Shasta County, California, Lieutenant
Williamson; Tehama County, California (U.S.X.M. Eiley collection);
Lakeport, Lake County, California, Crotch; Sierra Valley, Sierra
County, California, Lemmon, August (tl.S.X.M. Eiley collection);
Placer County, California, August, September (same); Cqlfax, Placer
County, California, October 11; Clarkson, Eldorado County, California,
July 14 (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Calaveras County, California
(same); Marble Valley and White Eock, Amador County, California,
July 14, 15 (same); Sacramento County, Coquillett (same); Folsom,
Sacramento County, California, July 3 (same); Katoma, Sacramento
198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
County, July 2 (same); Marin County, California, August (same);
Sauzalito,Marin County, California, Behrens; San Francisco, California,
September, October 15, November (U.S.N.M. Riley collection; S. H.
Scudder; Museum C6mparative Zoology); Alaineda, California, Decem-
ber 15 (IJ.S.K.M. Eiley collection) ; Merced County, California (same) ;
Atwater, Merced County, California, July 29, Coquillett (same); Los
Angeles, California, June, August, in coitu September 20, Coquillett,
October 24 (same; S. H. Scudder); Pasadena, Los Angeles County,
California, October 23; Tighes, San Diego County, California, Palmer;
Southern California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M. Kiley collection).
The species has also been reported from various other counties in
California, mostly in the central portions of the State, such as Fresno,
Yuba, Napa (Riley), Sutter, San Joaquin (Coquillett), and Lake Tahoe,
Placer County (Scudder), as well as from districts immediately adjoin-
ing California, as the adjacent parts of Oregon (Bruner), Keno, Washoe
County, and Glen Brook, Douglas County, Nevada (Scudder), and Ari-
zona (Bruner).
It has also been stated to occur in Colorado (Scudder), Kansas, North
Dakota, northwest Wyoming, and Montana (Bruner), Idaho (Bruuer,
Milliken), and in Utah in the Salt Lake Valley (Scudder) and Nephi,
Juab County (Eiley); but certainly in some, and probably in all these
cases, the insect reported was mistakenly supposed to be this species.
Coquillett describes a dipterous parasite, Sarcophaga opifera, as found
in this species, and gives in the Twenty-seventh Bulletin of the Ento-
mological Bureau at Washington a full account of the ravages of this
locust in California, where they appear to do most damage to vineyards
and to deciduous fruit trees, the latter of which always suffer the most
in the vicinity of grain fields, upon which the migrating swarms appear
always to descend, attracted, perhaps, by their color. Grain, however,
appears to suffer relatively little at their hands, though alfalfa proves
attractive.
A description of the colors of the living young, by Mr. Coquillett,
will be found in the report of the United States Entomologist for 1885,
page 293.
The species is an exceedingly variable one, and with limited material
it would be difficult to believe that there was but a single species, so
widely different is the appearance of the extremes. This, I suspect,
will prove partly dependent upon station, though the different forms
into which I would provisionally separate the species appear to be
found indifferently in almost all parts of the State, though, as far as the
collections before me show, all appear to be more abundant in the cen-
tral and northern portions.
There is first the dark and rather small form, which is prevalent
about San Francisco, and which may be called M. d. obscurus (Plate
XIII, figs. 3, 4). It is also found in Sierra, Placer, Mariu, Sacramento,
Eldorado, and Alameda counties, as well as in Siskiyou County, in the
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPL1 SC UDDER. 199
north, and Los Angeles County, in the south. The typical forms are
very dark, having tegmina surpassing but little the hind femora, with
meager maculation of the discoidal area, rarely at all cinereous in the
basal half ; the hind tibiae are variable in color.
A second form, which appears to be the widest spread, occurring in
nearly every county in which the species has been found, from Shasta
to San Diego and from Marin to Sierra, is of a decidedly cinereous
aspect, with abundant and generally rather confused maculation in the
discoidal area of the tegmina, which usually much surpass the hind
femora; the hind tibiae are variable, but rarely glaucous. This form
best represents the original types of the species when first described,
and being also the most common may bear the name M. d. typicalis
(Plate XIII, fig. 5). It is of medium size.
The third form is also of medium size and is very closely related to
the last, and often hardly distinguishable. It may be called -If. rf.
affinis 1 (Plate XIII, fig. 6). It differs principally by its shorter teg-
mina, which rarely surpass the hind femora, and which are very sharply
maculate, with well-defined spots, and the hind tibiae are usually glau-
cous, occasionally luteous. I have seen specimens from Sierra, Sacra-
mento, and Los Angeles counties.
The fourth form is by far the largest and the most heavily marked of
all, besides being of a rather light tint, in which the dark maculations
appear with the greater distinctness, and it may accordingly be known
as M. d. conspicum (Plate XIII, fig. 7). It appears much like an exag-
gerated form of the last-mentioned type, and has a more prominent
head, much longer tegmina, which well surpass the hind femora, and
ample wings, so that I suspect the migrating flights will be found to be
composed mainly or exclusively of this form ; the pronotum is unusually
clear of lateral markings, and the hind tibiae are pale glaucous. It has
not been found south of the center of the State (nor have any migratory
hordes been reported there), and indeed only in the central portions
and the elevated districts, namely, in Sacramento, Eldorado, Ainador,
and Merced counties.
33. MELANOPLUS VIRGATUS, new species.
(Plate XIII, fig. 8.)
Melanoplm devastator SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878),
pp. 285-286, 287-288 ; (pars), Entom. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 46-47, 48-49.
Pezotettix virgatus McNEiLLl, MS. .
Light testaceo-fuscous, more or less ferruginous above. Head mod-
erately large and rather prominent luteo-testaceous, clouded with
fuscous, above much infuscated, especially along the middle line pos-
teriorly, and with a postocular piceous band sharply delimited below
1 The form supposed by Coquillett (see synonymy) to be Bruner's M. affinis is not
this, but M. d. typicalis.
200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
by luteous; vertex rather tumid, considerably elevated above the pro-
notum, the interspace between the eyes fully as broad as (male) or
considerably broader than (female) the first antermal joint; fastigium
steeply declivent, rather shallowly sulcate even in the male; frontal
costa hardly reaching the clypeus, slightly narrowed above to meet
the fastigium, otherwise subequal, broad, slightly broader than the
interspace between the eyes, feebly sulcate or depressed at the ocellus,
punctate, seriately at the sides above; eyes moderately large, not very
prominent, distinctly longer than the infraocular portion of the genae;
antennae luteous, apically becoming slightly ferruginous or fuscous,
more than two-thirds (male) or about three-fifths (female) as long as
the hind femora. Pronotuin very feebly flaring anteriorly to receive
the head, somewhat enlarging posteriorly, the disk passing by a blunt
angle into the lateral lobes, the former brownish fuscous, more or less
distinctly ferruginous, the latter passing from luteo-testaceous below
to fuscous above, the prozona with a broad piceous band which is
obliquely cut by a distinct, posteriorly narrowing, sometimes feebly
arcuate, luteous stripe, which connects with the luteous field just below
the postocular band of the head, a feature more prominent in the female
than in the male; median carina percurrent, often black, hardly less
distinct on the prozoua than on the inetazona; front margin feebly
convex, often with a slight median em argi nation; hind margin obtus-
angulate, often nearly rectangulate; prozona slightly longitudinal
(male) or quadrate (female), distinctly (male) or hardly (female) longer
than the closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately
long, cylindrical, feebly appressed, very blunt (male) or short, conical,
appressed, blunt (female), erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes
more than twice (male) or only a little (female) longer than broad.
Tegniina surpassing more or less, generally considerably, the hind
femora, moderately slender, distinctly tapering, brownish fuscous,
with distinct quadrate black maculation in the discoid a 1 area. Hind
femora testaceous, sometimes tinged with ferruginous, broadly and
obliquely bifasciate with blackish fuscous, with a basal patch of the
same, the under surface luteous, sometimes faintly flushed with orange;
hind tibiae very pale green, becoming more or less pallid or luteous at
either extremity, the spines black, except basally, nine to twelve,
usually ten to eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of
male abdomen elougate-clavate, a little upturned, the supraanal plate
long triangular, with lateral margins full at the base and scarcely
elevated, acutangulate apex,' and slender, rather shallow, median
sulcus, bounded by rather slight but distinct walls; furcula consisting
of a pair of slender, flattened, parallel fingers, subequal in basal half
beyond much narrowed and acuminate, reaching almost to the middle
of the supraanal plate; cerci slender, slight, tapering feebly in basal
half, about four times as long as broad, apically well rounded, very
feebly incurved, hardly upcurved, the outer surface punctate and
NO. H24. REVISION OF THE MELANOPL I SCUD DEE. 201
apically dimpled, with a slight, inferior, indirectecl flange to the lower
margin apically, the whole much shorter than the supraanal plate;
infracercal plates extending noticeably beyond the supraaiial plate and
so exposed beyond the tips of the cerci to a considerable degree; sub-
genital plate longer than broad, broad and rectaugulate at base, apic-
ally elevated but not prolonged, the apical border thickened and
eniarginate.
Length of body, male, 20.5 mm., female 22.5 mm. ; antennae, male,
8.5 mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 17 mm., female, 17.5 mm.;
hind femora, male, 11.5 mm., female, 13 mm.
Eleven males, 12 females. California, H. Edwards ; Siskiyou County,
California, July (U.S.KM. Eiley collection); Fort Redding, Shasta
County, California, Lieutenant Williamson ; Butte County, California
(U.S.KM. Riley collection); Sierra Valley, Sierra County, California,
J. Gr. Leminon (same) ; Sacramento County, California, Coquillett (same;
J. McXeill).
y
34. MELANOPLUS UNIFORMIS, new species.
(Plate XIII, fig. 9.)
Melanoplm devastator SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878),
pp. 285-286, 287-288; (pars), Entom. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 46-47, 48-49.
^.ight and nearly uniform testaceous, more or less feebly tinged above
with ferruginous. Head somewhat prominent, particularly in the male,
pallid testaceous, darker above, with occasionally a feeble postocular
fuscous line at the upper limit of the normal Melanoplan postocular
band; vertex tumid, well elevated above the pronotum, the interspace
between the eyes rather broad, half as broad again (male) or twice as
broad (female) as the first an tenual joint; fastigium strongly declivent,
sulcate throughout, more deeply and narrowly in the male than in the
female; frontal costa broad, subequal, scarcely attaining the clypeus,
fully as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly impressed about
the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes large, rather prominent, much
larger than the iufraocular portion of the geuae ; antennae luteous, grow-
ing slightly fulvous apically, nearly two- thirds (male) or scarcely more
than half (female) as long as the hind femora. Prouotuui feebly enlarged
posteriorly, the lateral lobes slightly paler than the disk, and rarely
with a few faint duskier streaks in the place of the postocular baud,
the disk passing into the lateral lobes by a rounded shoulder, which
almost develops into a lateral cariua on the inetazona; median carina
slight, percurreut, only slightly feebler on the prozoua than on the ineta-
zona $ front margin subtruncate, hind margin obtusaugulate; prozona
quadrate (male) or slightly transverse (female), scarcely or not longer
than the closely and finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine not
very long, conico-cylindrical, appressed, blunt, blunter in the female
than in the male, slightly retrorse; interspace between inesosternal
202 PROCEEDINGS OF TEE NATIONAL
lobes nearly or quite twice as long as broad in both sexes. Tegmina
uniform light yellowish testaceous, with no sign of maculatiou, although
rarely a little beclouded, reaching somewhat, generally far, beyond the
hind femora, rather slender, feebly tapering, well rounded at tip ; wings
pellucid, the veins and cross-veins sometimes wholly green, sometimes
partly fuscous. Hind femora testaceous, generally feebly ini'useated in
the incisures of the outer face above, the inner half of the upper face
often bimaculate with fuscous, the under surface with a tendency to
become roseate, the genicular arc black; hind tibiae very pale dingy
green, growing lutescent apically, the spines black with pallid base,
ten to twelve, usually eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity
of male abdomen clavate, a little upturned, the supraaual plate subclyp-
eate, with sinuate sides and rectangulate apex, with a short, shallow,
median sulcus and feebly elevated sides, the whole surface nearly
plane; furcula consisting of a pair of moderately broad, flattened,
tapering, acuminate fingers, parallel or slightly divergent, reaching
about to the middle of the supraanal plate; cerci slender, subequal but
basally tapering, feebly incurved laminae, about five times as long as
broad, feebly arcuate and apically well rounded, with a slight, inferior,
indirected flange to the lower margin apically, the whole much shorter
than the supraanal plate; infracercal plates as in the last species; sub-
genital plate about as broad as long, the lateral margin arcuate, being
produced both basally and apically, but especially the latter, the apical
margin rounded subquadrate, very feebly or not at all einarginate,
though thickened on either side of the middle.
Length of body, male, 25 mm., female, 22.75 mm.; antennae, male,
8.5 mm., female, 6.25 mm.; teginiua, male, 21.5 mm., female, 18.5 mm.;
hind femora, male, 13.25 mm., female, 12 mm.
Mne' males, 8 females. Fort Eedding, Shasta County, California,
Lieutenant Williamson; Yuba County, California (U.S.X.M. liiley
collection); Sacramento County, California, Coquillett (same); Folsom,
Sacramento County, California, July 4 (same) ; Merced County, Cali-
fornia (same).
35. MELANOPLUS ANGELICUS, new species.
(Plate XIII, fig. 10.)
Of rather large size, dark brownish fuscous, more or less ferruginous.
Head not very prominent, plumbeous or ferruginous, more or less iiifus-
cated, above hardly darker but perhaps with more fuscous patches, a
postocular piceous band; vertex gently tumid, but little elevated above
the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather broad, somewhat
broader than the first antennal joint; fastigium strongly declivent,
deeply sulcate throughout; frontal costa broad, feebly constricted
above, percurrent, slightly broader than the interspace between the
eyes, gently sulcate at and below the ocellus, punctate above sedately
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCUDDEE. 203
at the sides; eyes large, not very prominent, distinctly longer than the
infraocular portion of the genae; antennae fulvo-testaceous, about two-
thirds as long as the hind femora (male). Pronotum subequal, feebly
enlarging posteriorly, the median carina distinct throughout, though
the feebler on the prozona, the lateral carinae forming a tolerably dis-
tinct angle, especially on the metazona, the disk darker than the lateral
lobes, but the latter having a clouded piceous band on the prozoua,
much broken by luteous or ferruginous, and distinct only in the
impressed portions; front margin faintly convex, hind margin obtus-
angulate, nearly rectangulate; prozona quadrate, no longer than the
closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, appressed, conico-
cylindrical, blunt, erect, stout; interspace between rnesosternal lobes
a little more than twice as long as broad (male). Tegmina greyish
fuscous, very feebly and very sparsely sprinkled with fuscous dots in the
discoidal field, considerably surpassing the hind femora, moderately
slender, subequal, well rounded at tip; wings pellucid, with greenish
fuscous veins. Hind femora dull testaceous, broadly, obliquely, and
more or less distinctly bifasciate with dark olivaceo-fuscous, the under
surface more or less ruddy; hind tibiae pale obscure glaucous, the
spines black and pallid, ten to thirteen, generally eleven, in number in
the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate, a little
upturned, the supraanal plate long triangular, with acutangulate apex
and slightly convex sides, the surface nearly flat, a moderately narrow,
percurrent, median sulcus marked by the elevation of its not very
sharp nor high walls; furcula consisting of a pair of parallel, flattened,
not very broad, rather rapidly tapering, subacuminate fingers, hardly
surpassing the basal third of the supraaual plate; cerci small, slender,
feebly upcurved, gently incurved, equal except for the slight basal
enlargement, well rounded at apex, distinctly less than four times as
long as broad, and much shorter than the supraanal plate; infracercal
plates as in the preceding species; subgenital plate broad and short,
apically elevated abruptly and considerably but not prolonged, the
apical margin transverse, thickened, and notched.
Length of body, male, 23.5 mm. ; antennae, 9 mm. ; teginina, 20.5 mm. ;
hind femora, 14 mm.
Two males. Los Angeles, California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M. Kiley
collection).
8. IMPUDICUS SERIES.
This group is composed of a single species of medium size, and is more
nearly related to the next group than to any other. The prozona is
slightly longitudinal in the male. The interspace between the ineso-
sternal lobes in the same sex is nearly half as long again as broad and
the metasternal lobes are only approximate. The tegmina are fully
developed and surpass the hind femora. The hind tibiae are red and
have eleven to thirteen spines in the outer series.
204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
The supraanal plate is regularly triangular with straight sides and
acutangulate apex, the surface entirely in the same plane from base to
apex, i. e.,with no apical depression. The furcula in the single known
species is reduced to a pair of very slight rather distant spines, no
longer than the last dorsal segment. The cerci taper considerably at
base, but more by excision of the lower than of the upper margin, and
beyond the middle are subequal, hardly in the least incurved, and api-
cally angulate. The subgenital plate is of equal breadth throughout
and terminates in a postmarginal blunt tubercle above, the apical mar-
gin being abbreviated, rounded, and entire.
The single species occurs in the Southern States, east of the Missis-
sippi.
36. MELANOPLUS IMPUDICUS, new species.
(Plate XIV, tig. 1.)
Of medium size, brownish fuscous, with a decided ferruginous tinge.
Head moderately prominent, testaceous or ferrugineo-testaceous, dotted
above with fuscous, the dots mesially forming a stripe, and with a dis-
tinct postocular piceous band; vertex rather tumid, distinctly elevated
above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes as broad (male)
or fully half as broad again (female) as the first antennal joint; fas-
tigium steeply declivent, feebly (male) or very feebly (female) sulcate;
face more than usually retreating, the frontal costa failing to reach the
clypeus, equal, as broad (male) or almost as broad (female) as the inter-
space between the eyes, sulcate excepting above where it is biseriately
punctate; eyes not very prominent, rather large, distinctly longer than
the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae ferruginous, less than
two-thirds (male) or about three-fifths (female) as long as the hind
femora. Pronotum subequal, expanding a little on the metazona, the
disk ferrugineo-luteous necked with fuscous, very feebly convex, pass-
ing by a rounded shoulder nowhere forming lateral carinae into the
anteriorly tumid vertical lateral lobes, which are of the color of the
face, with a broad piceous postocular stripe across the prozona; median
carina distinct on the metazona, feeble and in the female subobsolete
on the prozona; front margin truncate; hind margin obtusangulate;
prozona feebly longitudinal (male) or distinctly transverse (female), a
little (male) or no (female) longer than the delicately punctate meta-
zona. Prosternal spine rather long (male) or rather short (female),
conical, rather blunt, suberect; interspace between mesosternal lobes
nearly half as long again as broad in both sexes, the inetasternal
lobes approximate (male) or somewhat approximate (female). Tegmina
surpassing a little (male) or considerably (female) the hind femora,
moderately broad, tapering (more rapidly in the male than in the female),
brownish fuscous, the discoidal area lighter at least on the basal half,
and necked throughout with tolerably large, more or less rounded, dark
fuscous spots ; wings rather broad, hyaline at base, beyond infumated
so. 1124. REVISION OF THE XELANOPLISCUDDER. 205
either apically (female) or over the whole apical half (male), the veins
in the infuinated area blackish fuscous. Fore and middle femora
somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora ferruginous or ferrugiueo-
testaceous, obliquely bifasciate with blackish fuscous excepting below,
the under face lighter or deeper orange, the whole geniculation infus-
cated; hind tibiae bright red, the spines black excepting at base, eleven
to thirteen in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a little
clavate, slightly recurved, the supraaual plate triangular with straight,
scarcely and narrowly elevated margins, acutangulate apex, the median
sulcus confined to the basal half, tapering, narrow, and very deep,
between high and sharp walls, which unite in the middle of the plate;
furcula consisting of a pair of slight, brief, parallel, moderately distant
spines lying upon the bases of the ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci
small compressed laminae, tapering rapidly in the basal half and more
rapidly beneath than above, beyond equal and about half as broad as
extreme base, apically rounded angulate, nowhere incurved, scarcely
so long as the supraanal plate; infracercal plates very broad at base,
extending far outside the cerci, rapidly narrowing with straight mar-
gins, distinctly shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate
small, subequal or broader apically than basally, hardly longer than
broad, bluntly subconical, terminating in a very blunt, heavy tubercle?
which lies beyond the well rounded, scarcely elevated, entire, apical
margin.
Length of body, male, 18.5 mm., female, 22.5 mm. ; antennae, male
and female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 16 mm., female, 20 mm.; hind
femora, male, 11.5 mm., female, 13.5 mm.
One male, 2 females. Georgia, Morrison (S. H. Scudder ; S. Henshaw) ;
Monticello, Lawrence County, Mississippi, Miss Helen Jeunison.
9. ABLDUS SERIES.
In this group the antennae of the male are exceptionally long and the
prozona is distinctly longitudinal. The interspace between the ineso-
sternal lobes in the same sex varies from subquadrate to half as long
again as broad, while in the female it varies from distinctly transverse
to much longer than broad. The pronotum is posteriorly truncate or
subtruncate, usually broadly emarginate. The tegmina are not only
abbreviate but rarely as long as the pronotum, lateral and distant.
The hind femora are long, and the hind tibiae light colored, with eight
to twelve, generally about ten, spines in the outer series.
The supraanal plate of the male is triangular and rather simple; the
last dorsal segment is obliquely and deeply sulcate on either side of the
base of the furcula, which consists of a pair of very slender parallel
fingers or spines of variable length, but never very long; the cerci
rapidly narrow at the base to a long and exceedingly slender incurved
blade, hardly as long as the supraanal plate, and narrower by far than
206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
the frontal costa; the subgeuital plate is small and subconical or sub-
pyramidal, the margins lying in one plane and entire.
Three species are known, two in Arizona, and one from near the
margin of the tropics in western Mexico and Lower California. They
are rather above the medium and may be of large size.
37. MELANOPLUS HUMPHREYSII.
Pezotettix humphreysii THOMAS! (pars), Rep. Geogr. Expl. 100th mer., V (1875), p.
890. SCUDDER ! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX, 1879, p. 85; (pars),
Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 74.
The only specimen seen has been in alcohol and the colors are more
or less bleached; it is brownish testaceous, marked with black. Head
large, somewhat protuberant, without markings except a slender black
line behind the eye ; vertex somewhat tumid and a little elevated above
the pronotum, sharply punctate except in a posteriorly broadening
mesial band which was probably darker colored, the interspace between
theeyes much broader (a little distorted in the specimen) than the first
an tennal joint ; fastigium rather steeply declivent, rather narrow, sul-
cate, biseriately punctate; frontal costa rather prominent above, fading
before theclypeus, much broader than the interspace between the eyes,
equal, sjiallowly sulcate excepting above, sparsely punctate; eyes of
moderate size, not prominent, about as long as the iufraocular portion
of the genae; antennae testaceous, apically infuscated, less than two-
thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum very regularly
and feebly enlarging posteriorly, the upper half of the lateral lobes of
the prozona with a very large, posteriorly narrowing, piceous patch,
nearly split in two subequal portions by a wedge of the basal color
extending obliquely upward from the lower anterior corner, and nar-
rowly edged above on the disk by a pallid tint; disk transversely con-
vex, passing by a very rounded and scarcely perceptible angle into the
very steeply declivent and inferiorly vertical lateral lobes, with no lateral
carinae; median carina percurrent, feeble on the metazona, coarse and
rather prominent on the prozona; front margin truncate but feebly and
narrowly flaring; hind margin roundly, broadly and feebly emarginate;
disk of prozona very coarsely punctate, quadrate, fully a third as long
again as the strongly transverse, finely punctate metazona. Prosternal
spine short, conical, blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes
(female) distinctly transverse, narrower than the lobes. Tegmina
abbreviate, shorter than the pronotum, lateral, widely separated,
enlarging from the base to the middle, beyond equal, apically rounded,
several times longer than broad, black on ground with testaceous veins.
Hind femora brownish testaceous on upper half, its lower limit infus-
cated on the outer face, pallid on lower half, the genicular arc black ;
hind tibiae pale testaceous, the spines black tipped, nine to ten in num-
ber in the outer series. Supraanal plate of male "bicarinate longitudi-
nally"; cerci "flat and enlarged at the base and apex, the apical
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEP. 207
portion being somewhat broader than the basal portion; t}ie anterior
apical angle is rounded, while the posterior one is somewhat acute,
dentiform;'' subgenital plate "slightly elongate and cone-shaped"
(Quotations from Thomas).
Length of body, female, 26 mm,; antennae, 11 mm. (est.); tegmina,
5 mm.; hind femora, 18 mm.
One female. Arizona, G. W. Dunn (L. Bruner). It was originally
described from southern Arizona.
I have here adhered to iny original limitation 1 of Thomas's species,
although I was mistaken in supposing that the male I then had before
me was one of those used by him in his description, since he describes
the cerci as enlarged at the extremity, which they certainly were not
in the one then in my hands. Thomas's originals, so far as now pre-
served in the National Museum, all belong to my Mel. aridus, but for-
tunately a specimen in Professor Bruner's collection, although it is
only a female, enables me to fix the species. It may be separated from
Mel. aridus by the character which Thomas describes thus: "Posterior
margin [of pronotuin] truncate on the back [i. e., disk], or curved
slightly forward" [i. e., emarginate], the posterior margin in Mel aridus
being distinctly obtusangulate, though subtruncate.
38. MELANOPLUS NITIDUS, new species.
(Plate XIV, fig. 2.)
Pezotettix humphreyrii SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), p.
85; (pars), Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 74.
Pale brown suffused with flavous and marked with black. Head
not prominent, or in the male scarcely prominent, pale flavo-testaceous
heavily mottled with brown, above almost wholly brown, with a broad
postocular piceous band margined with flavous (these markings not
seen in the female) ; vertex tumid, distinctly elevated above the pro-
notum (male) or feebly tumid, not thus elevated (female), the interspace
between the eyes nearly half as broad again as the first antenna! joint;
fastigium rather strongly declivent, deeply (male) or feebly (female) sul-
cate; frontal costa subequal, but slightly expanded at the ocellus, where
it is equal to (male) or broader than (female) the interspace between the
eyes, sulcate distinctly and throughout (male) or feebly and at and a
little below the ocellus (female) ; eyes rather large and rather prominent
especially in the male, elongate, very much longer than the infraocular
portion of the genae; antennae flavous, a little shorter than (male) or
about two-thirds as long as (female) the hind femora. Pronotuni sub-
equal on the prozona, expanding on the metazona, nearly uniform in
coloring except for a large flavous-margined, piceous, postocular patch
crossing the prozona, more or less broken and irregular in the female;
disk pretty strongly convex, passing almost insensibly into the lateral
lobes with no trace of lateral carinae, though the position of these is
1 Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX, p. 85.
208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL lirSEUll. VGI..XX.
marked on -the prozona by the flavous stripe bordering the piceous patch ;
median carina percurrent, dull and heavy, more pronounced on the pro-
zona than on the metazona; front margin subtruncate, feebly and nar-
rowly flaring in the male, hind margin broadly and roundly but not
deeply einarginate; prozona punctate next the front margin, distinctly
longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), mesially twice as long (male) or
fully half as long again (female) as the finely punctate metazona. Pro-
sternal spine appressed conical and slightly retrorse (male) or erect,
conical (female), rather long and slender ; interspace between mesosternal
lobes transversely subquadrate (male) or a little transverse (female), the
metasternal lobes subattingent (male) or somewhat approximate
(female). Tegmina about as long as the prozona, elliptical, about three
times as long as broad, broadly rounded at tip, lateral, widely distant,
black with testaceous veins. Fore and middle femora somewhat en-
larged especially in depth in the male ; hind femora flavous, more or
less longitudinally infuscated or ferruginous, especially on or next the
carinae, the genicular arc piceous, the lower genicular lobe wholly pallid ;
hind tibiae pale dull flavous, delicately mottled with ferruginous, the
spines black excepting at base, eight (female) or ten (male) in number
in the outer series. Abdomen feebly carinate, nearly uniform in color,
the extremity subclavate in the male, a little recurved, the supraanal
plate triangular, roundly acutaugulate at tip, the surface vaulted, with
a large subbasal rounded basin taking the place of the usual median
sulcus, and into which falls the furcula, consisting of a pair of very
slender, parallel and adjacent, subequal, cylindrical fingers, extending
less than a third the distance across the plate; cerci slender, gradually
incurved but otherwise straight, compressed blades, tapering at the
very base, but beyond subequal, rounded at tip, considerably shorter
than the supraanal plate; subgeuital plate small, subpyrarnidal, of
about equal breadth and length, the margin apically angulate, entire.
Length of body, male, 17.5 mm., female, 31.5 mm.; antennae, male
and female, 11 mm. ; teginina, male, 3 mm., female, 5 mm. ; hind femora,
male, 12 mm., female, 17 mm.
One male, 1 female. Tepic, Jalisco, Mexico, November, Coll. Calif.
Acad. Sc. (L. Bruner) ; Cape St. Lucas, Lower California ( ?), J. Xautus.
The female, collected by Xantus (presumably at Cape St. Lucas), is
the one referred to by me in my original description of M. aridus as
belonging to that species, but it differs from it (and agrees with M.
ImmpJireysU] in the emargiuation of the posterior border of the pro-
notum, and differs from both in the greater robustness of the body,
especially in the metathoracic region. It is quite possible that the
male and female here brought together do not properly belong to one
species; there is great disparity in size and, as the description shows,
some unusual disagreements between sexes of the same species; but
they certainly belong in close proximity, even if distinct; if they should
prove distinct, the name should be retained for the male, from which
the description (especially in colors) has principally been drawn.
NO. 1 1 24. RE VISION OF THE MELA NOPLISC UDDER. 209
39. MELANOPLUS ARIDUS.
(Plate XIV, fig. 3.)
Pezotettix humphreysii THOMAS! (pars), Rep. Geogr. Expl. 100th mer., V (1875), p.
890, pi. XLV, figs. 1, 2.
Pezotettix aridus SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 84-85;
Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 73-74. BRUNEK, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883),
p. 59.
Brownish liavons, inclining to flavous below, marked with black. Head
slightly prominent especially in the male, more or less embrowned, with
a narrow mesial black stripe on summit and a broad postocularpiceous
band; vertex rather tumid, distinctly elevated above the pronotuui, the
interspace between the eyes slightly narrower (male) or slightly broader
(female) than the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent,
sulcate, narrow, considerably expanding in front, the bounding walls
stout, rounded; frontal costa moderate, nearly equal, contracted
slightly just below the ocellus, above flat, below the ocellus a little
sulcate, rather broader than the interspace between the eyes; eyes
rather prominent especially in the male, as long as (female) or dis-
tinctly longer than (male) the infraocular portion of the genae;
antennae tiavo-testaceous, about five-sixths (male) or two thirds
(female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum simple, expanding a
very little posteriorly, the prozona slightly swollen on the upper part
of the lateral lobes, into which the disk passes insensibly; there is a
broad black band at the upper limit of the lateral lobes of the pro-
zona, which either narrows on the metazona so as only to edge the
lower side of the position of the lateral cariuae, or, if of equal width
with the preceding portion, is enlivened by a yellow stripe passing
longitudinally through the middle, a continuation of the black bordered
yellowish stripe on the metathoracic epipleura; occasionally the band
is wholly obsolete on the metazona; in the middle of the portion of
the band on the prozona is also a roundish or oblique pyriform yellowish
spot; median cariua distinct, equal, but low and rounded ; front margin
truncate, hind margin gently convex, subaugulate; prozona obscurely
and sparsely punctate, distinctly (male) or very feebly (female)
longitudinal, a third (male) or a fourth (female) longer than the finely
and clearly punctate metazona. Prosternal spine not very long,
conical, blunt tipped, suberect; interspace between mesosternal lobes
fully (male) or nearly (female) half as long again as broad. Tegmina
abbreviate, shorter or at least no longer than the proiiotum,
rounded ovate, about twice as long as broad, the costal and
inner margins about equally convex, the extremity truncate and
broadly rounded, not in the least produced, dark brownish fuscous,
clouded with olivaceous. Fore and middle femora very gently tumid
in the male; hind femora dull olivaceo flavous, the outer face more or
Proc. X. M. vol. xx 14
210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
less infuscated, the upper face indistinctly biinaculate with fuscous,
the whole geniculation excepting the lower lobe beyond its base
blackish; hind tibiae glaucous (pale yellowish in alcoholic specimens),
the spines black to their base, or excepting the extreme base, ten to
eleven, rarely twelve, in number in the outer series. Extremity of
male abdomen very feebly clavate, scarcely recurved, the supraaual
plate triangular, about equally long and broad, the sides straight, the
tip angulate; furcula consisting of a pair of subapproximate slight
and equal fingers, bluntly tipped, hardly more than a quarter the
length of the supraanal plate; cerci very slender, compressed, rapidly
narrowing at extreme base, beyond equal, slightly and broadly sulcate
exteriorly, directed backward and a little inward, tapering and bluntly
rounded at tip, scarcely reaching the tip of the supraaual plate; sub-
genital plate truncato-conical, much broader than long, incurved at
base, the lateral and apical margins in one plane, entire.
Length of body, male, 17.5 mm., female, 21 mm.; antennae, male,
10.5 mm., female, 8.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 4 mm., female, 4.5 mm.;
hind femora, male, 12.5 mm., female, 13 mm.
Four males, 9 females. Arizona (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection; L.
Bruner) ; San Carlos, Gila County, Arizona, Wheeler's Exp. (U.S.N.M.
Kiley collection); Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona, E. Pal-
mer; Fort Buchanan, Pima County, Arizona, E. Palmer; Fort Grant,
Graham County, Arizona (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection).
See the remarks on this species under Melanoplus humphreysii. The
specimen from Cape St. Lucas which I referred ! to this species does
not belong to it, but probably to Melanoplus nitidus.
10. INDIGENS SEEIES.
In this group, consisting of only a single species of medium size, the
prozona of the male is very longitudinal and the interspace between
the mesosternal lobes of the same sex only slightly longer than broad.
The antennae of the male are almost as long as the hind femora. The
tegmina are abbreviate, about as long as the pronotum, subelliptical
with rounded apex. The hind tibiae are greenish and have ten to
twelve spines in the outer series.
The extremity of the male abdomen is hardly clavate and the supra-
anal plate triangular with distinct median sulcus and mesially notched
lateral margins; the furcula consists of a small pair of tapering fingers;
the cerci are large and broad, almost equally broad throughout, and
apically rounded, nearly straight; the subgenital plate is broad and
short, the apical margin elevated to a blunt tubercle.
The single species occurs in Idaho.
. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX, p. 85.
NO. 1 124. RE VISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDEE. 211
_:
40. MELANOPLUS INDIGENS, new species.
(Plate XIV, fig. 4.)
Of medium size, brownish fuscous above, sordid testaceous beneath.
Head a little prominent, olivaceo-testaceous necked with fuscous, above
blackish fuscous with a broad piceous post ocular baud; vertex some-
what tumid, scarcely elevated above the pronotum, the interspace
between the eyes half as broad again as the first antennal joint; fas-
tigium steeply declivent, shallowly and broadly sulcate; frontal costa
scarcely reaching the clypeus, faintly expanded at the ocellus, but
otherwise equal, a little narrower than the interspace between the eyes,
a little sulcate below the ocellus, distinctly punctate above; eyes rather
large, not prominent, somewhat longer than the intraocular portion of
the genae; antennae castaneous, almost as long as the hind femora.
Prouotum slightly expanding on the metazoua, the sides with a per-
current, piceous, postocular stripe which is rather feeble on the nieta-
zona, the disk rather broadly convex, passing by a rounded shoulder,
posteriorly forming feeble lateral carinae, into the somewhat tumid
vertical lateral lobes; median carina distinct on the metazona, obsoles-
cent on the prozona; front margin subtruncate, hind margin very
broadly rotundate ; prozona distinctly longitudinal, about a third longer
than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine long, conical,
bluntly pointed, feebly appressed; interspace between mesosternal
lobes subqnadrate, barely longer than broad. Teginina abbreviate,
almost as long as the pronotum, slightly distant, obovate, almost twice
as long as broad, the tip strongly rounded. Fore and middle femora
somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora rather slender, somewhat
compressed, ferrugineo-testaceous, irregularly clouded and necked with
fuscous, the under face flavo-olivaceous, the upper genicular lobe and
base of lower black; hind tibiae sordid pale greenish with a fuscous
patellar anuulus, the spines black almost to their base, ten to twelve
in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen hardly
clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with acut-
angulate apex, the lateral margins considerably and rather abruptly
elevated and mesially notched, the median sulcus distinct and percur-
rent between rather narrow and sharp ridges which fade beyond the
middle; furcula consisting of a pair of rather slender, tapering and
acuminate, tumid, feebly arcuate and slightly divergent fingers,
slightly longer than the last dorsal segment; cerci broad and rather
coarse, straight, subequal, apically rounded or subangulate laminae,
nearly four times as long as their middle breadth, obliquely vertical
throughout except apically, where by a feeble twist they become verti-
cal; subgenital plate short and broad, the apical margin rising consid-
erably above the lateral into a slight rounded tubercle, the lateral and
apical margins as seen from above parabolic.
Length of body, male, 20 mm.; antennae, 10 mm.; teginiua, 4.25
mm ; hind femora, 11 mm.
212 PR CEEDING S OF THE NA Tl OXAL M USE UM.
One male. Salmon City, Leinhi County, Idaho, August (L. Bruner).
This species has a close general resemblance to Podisma inarsliallii
with its much shorter antennae and wide separation of the mesosternal
lobes.
11. MANCUS SEEIES.
In this group, composed of species mostly of small size, the prozona
of the male varies from quadrate to distinctly longitudinal, and the
interspace bet ween the mesosternal lobes of the same sex varies from a
little longer than broad to more than twice as long as broad. Tl e
antennae of the male are rarely as long as the hind femora. The teg-
mina are always abbreviate, about as long as the pronotuui, usually
rather broad and either augulate or more or less acuminate at tip. The
hind tibiae are red, rarely greenish, and have nine to sixteen, more com-
monly about eleven, spines in the outer series.
The extremity of the male abdomen is usually very feebly clavato,
and the supraanal plate usually triangular and rather flat except for the
submediaii ridges; but it is sometimes long subclypeate with margins
more or less raised; the furcula always consists of a feeble or rather
feeble pair of denticulations ; the cerci are generally rather small, some-
times nearly equal, at others tapering more or less in the basal half,
but rarely anywhere very slender, generally incurved or inbent, and
occasionally somewhat arcuate as seen laterally, always well rounded
apically and generally exteriorly sulcate on the apical half; the sub-
genital plate is broad, generally also short, subconical or subpyramidal,
the lateral and apical margins in the same plane and entire.
The species are five in number and have together a wide range, though
all but one are rather local, so far as known. The one which is widely
distributed occurs from Nebraska and Kansas to Texas in the West,
and from southern New England and central New York to Virginia in
the East. The other species are known respectively from Lower Cali-
fornia, Colorado, Idaho, and northern New England, but the last is also
reported from Illinois.
This series represents in brachypterous forms the glaucipes series in
macropterous, and in an ideal arrangement the series should not be so
widely separated as here.
41. MELANOPLUS SCUDDERI.
(Plate XIV, figs. 5, 6.)
Pezotettix scudderi UHLER!, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 11(1864), p. 555. SMITH, Rep.
Conn. Bd. Agric., 1872 (1872), pp. 370, 381. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv.
Terr., V (1873), p. 152; Bull. 111. Mus. Nat. Hist., I (1876), p. 67. BRUNER,
Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 144. SCUDDER, ibid., XII (1880), p. 75. THOMAS,
Rep. Ent. 111., IX (1880), pp. 91, 95, 121. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Eut. Comin.,
Ill (1883), p. 59. COMSTOCK, Intr. Ent. (1888), p. 107. DAVIS, Ent. Amer.,
V (1889), p. 80. SMITH, Cat. Ins. N. J. (1890), p. 412. BLATCHLEY ! , Can.
Ent., XXIII (1891), p. 80. MCNEILL!, Psyche, VI (1891), p. 76. OSBOKX,
Proc. Iowa Acad. Sc., I, ii (1892), p. 117. BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc.,
Ill (1893), p. 27. MORSE, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 106. GARMAN, Orth. Ky.
(1894), p. 8. BKUTENMPLLER, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI (1894), p. 309,
pi. vin, fig. 6.
NO. 1124. RE VISION OF THE MELA NOPLISC UDDEE. 213
Pezotctlix rubricrua WALSH!, MS. (1865).
Podisma seudderi WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mns., IV (1870), p. 718.
Pezotdtix ntncolor THOMAS!, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 151;
Proc. Day. Acad. Nat. Sc., I (1876), p. 260. GLOVKR, 111. N. A. Ent., Orth.
(1876;, pi. xin, fig. 9. THOMAS, Bull. 111. Mns. Nat. Hist., I (1876), p. 66;
Rep. Geol. Expl. W. 100th Mer., V (1875), p. 888, pi. XLV, fig. 4. BRUNER,
Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 144. RILEY, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), pp.
220, 226. THOMAS, Rep. Ent. 111., IX (1880), pp. 95, 118-119. BRUNER, Rep.
U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 136;
Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 27.
Of medium or rather small size, ferrugineo-fuscous, a little lighter
beneath. Head not prominent, dark testaceous, much mottled with
fuscous or generally infuscated, above almost wholly infuscated, with
an obscure fuscous postocular band; vertex somewhat tumid, scarcely
elevated above the pronotura, the interspace between the eyes half as
broad again (male) or twice as broad (female) as the first antenna! joint;
fasti giurn steeply declivent, plane, with feebly raised lateral margins;
frontal costa fading before the clypeus, subequal, of the same breadth
as the interspace between the eyes, the lateral margins faintly elevated
throughout and besides that feebly sulcate at and below the ocellus,
punctate biseriately above; eyes moderately large, rather prominent,
very much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae
ferruginous, more or less infuscated apically, about four-fifths (male) or
less than two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum
often heavily ferruginous on the disk, the lateral lobes with a postocular
piceous belt, occasionally subobsolete, either crossing the whole pro-
notum but generally enfeebled on the metazona, or confined to the
prozona; disk broadly convex, passing by a distinct but everywhere
distinctly rounded shoulder into the at first very steeply declivent
and afterwards vertical lateral lobes; median carina distinct, delicate
and equal throughout; front margin very feebly convex and often
faintly em arginate in the middle, hind margin obtusangulate, occasion-
ally rotundato-obtusangulate; prozona distinctly longitudinal (male) or
varying from quadrate to distinctly longitudinal the latter especially in
southern examples (female), fully half (male) or generally about a fourth
(female) longer than the heavily and densely punctate metazona. Pro-
sternal spine not very long, appressed cylindrical, tapering apically,
bluntly pointed, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes fully
twice as long as broad (male) or quadrate (female). Tegmina about as
long as the pronotum, broad ovate, overlapping, roundly subacuminate at
tip (excepting in extreme southern examples, where it is well rounded) ;
wings not half the length of the tegmina. Fore and middle femora
slightly tumid in the male; hind femora ferrugineo-testaceous, occa-
sionally with an olivaceous tinge, feebly bimaculate with fuscous
above, the spots often extending halfway across the inner face, the
lower face castaneous, occasionally ruddy, the whole geniculation fus-
cous and the genicular arc black; hind tibiae bright red, sometimes
feebly infuscated or dulled toward the base, and with a fuscous patellar
214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA TIONAL M USE UM. VOL. xx.
spot, the spines black in the apical half, crowded, eleven to sixteen,
usually twelve to thirteen, in number in the outer series. Extremity of
male abdomen a little clavate, a little recurved, the supraaual plate
triangular, acutangulate at tip, with strongly elevated and sharp sub-
median ridges on either side of the deep, narrow, and subequal median
sulcus, which fades and widens apically; furcula consisting of the
slightly tumid attingent portions of the mesially divided last dorsal
segment, each produced posteriorly as a triangular tooth projecting
over the supraanal plate, the tooth sometimes shorter than, usually as
long as, the basal swelling, in southern examples half as long again as
it (the length slightly exaggerated in fig. 6); cerci simple, feebly fal-
ciform blades about twice as long as their basal breadth, at the
rounded apex about half as broad as at base, usually slightly incurved,
and generally exteriorly sulcate on the apical half, sometimes to a
considerable degree; subgenital plate small, conical, the upper margin
acutangulate as seen from above, in one plane, entire.
Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male and
female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 5 mm., female, 5.25 mm.; hind femora,
male, 10 mm., female, 12.75 mm.
Seventy-three males, 95 females. Brunswick, Maine, Packard (Mu-
seum Comparative Zoology); Springfield, Hampden County, Massa-
chusetts, Allen (same); Deep Eiver, Middlesex County, Connecticut,
August 24 (A. P. Morse); New Haven, Connecticut, S. I. Smith, A. P.
Morse (S. H. Scudder; Museum Comparative Zoology); North Haven,
New Haven County, Connecticut, August 23 (A. P. Morse) ; South Kent,
Litchfield County, Connecticut, August 19-20 (A. P. Morse) ; Staten
Island, New York, September 18, W.T.Davis; Maryland, September
15, 19, October 18, 25, P. E. Uhler; Middle States, E. Osten Sacken;
Washington, D. C. (L. Bruuer, U.S.N.M.); Virginia ^(U.S.N.M. Eiley
collection); Sheuandoah Valley, Virginia, October, Packard (Museum
Comparative Zoology); Vigo County, Indiana, W. S. Blatchley (S. H.
Scudder; A.P.Morse); Bloomiugton, Monroe County, Indiana, Bollman
(U.S.N.M.); Lexington, Fay ette County, Kentucky, August 29, Septem-
ber 3, H. Garman; near Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, October, Putnam
(Museum Comparative Zoology); Illinois, Uhler (S. H. Scudder; L.
Bruner); Northern Illinois, Keunicott; Ogle County, Illinois, J. A.
Allen; Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, September (U.S.N.M. Itiley
collection); Bock Island, Illinois, Walsh; Moline, Eock Island County,
Illinois, McNeill; Southern Illinois, November 1 (U.S.N.M. Eiley col-
lection); Saint Clair County, Illinois, October 29 (same); Jackson
County, Illinois (same); Dallas County, Iowa, August 8-10, September
1-3, J. A. Allen; Jefferson, Greene County, Iowa, July 20-24, Allen;
Crawford County, Iowa, July 13-24, Allen; West Point, Cuming County,
Nebraska, L. Bruner; Missouri. September 24-25 (U.S.N.M. Riley col-
lection); Savannah, Andrew County, Missouri, October 30 (same); Cen-
tral Missouri (same) ; Booue County, Missouri, November 1 (same) ; Saint
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 215
Louis, Missouri, October 10 (same); Kirkwood, Saint Louis County,
Missouri, September 6, October (same); Bushberg, Jefferson County,
Missouri, August 24 (same) ; Mississippi (L. Bruner) ; Texas, September
20, October 13, Belfrage; Dallas, Texas, Boll (S.H.Scudder; U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection); Fort Worth, Tarraut County, Texas (U.S.N.M.
Kiley collection).
It has also been reported from New Jersey (Smith), Ithaca, New York
(Comstock), Normal, McLean County, Illinois (Thomas), various parts
of Kentucky (Garman), Topeka, Shawnee County, Kansas (Bruner),
and, with doubt, by Thomas from Colorado " subalpine" and southern
Colorado.
The species varies to a considerable degree, as appears in part from
the above description. Texan specimens have the tegmina uniformly
less acuminate apically and a longer furcula. Occasionally the tegmina
are considerably longer than the pronotum, as appears especially in a
pair sent me by Professor H. Garrnan from Kentucky. Specimens
from southern New England appear uniformly somewhat smaller than
others, while there is no difference in size between specimens from
Maryland and Texas.
Walsli, supposing the species here described as M. walslm to be the
true M. scudderi, named the present species in his letters Pezotettix
rubricrusj and I still possess several specimens sent me by him in 1865
under that name. Examination of the types of Uhler and Thomas
show that scudderi and unicolor are identical, as McNeill thought.
Eiley states that this species attains maturity in the vicinity of Saint
Louis, Missouri, about September 1, and begins to oviposit on Septem-
ber 24. The eggs have a quadrilinear arrangement in the pod. Uhler
found it abundant near Baltimore, Maryland, on " the sides of high
hills," Beutenmiiller about New York City in u dry places," and Com-
stock about Ithaca, New York, "among scattered trees on the crests
and slopes of our highest hills." In the West, however, Allen found it
in Iowa u common in grassy groves" and " on prairies," while McNeill
says that in Illinois it "is very frequently found along roadsides or in
pastures," and in Indiana Blatchley finds it "in open woods and
pastures."
42. MELANOPLUS GILLETTEI, new species.
(Plate XIV, fig. 7.)
Of rather small size, blackish fuscous, testaceous beneath. Head
not prominent, brownish fuscous deepening in tint above and flecked
with testaceous below, the clypeus and labrum testaceous, flecked with
fuscous; vertex rather feebly tumid, not elevated above the proiiotum,
the interspace between the eyes twice as broad as the first antennal
joint; fastigium steeply declivent, rather feebly sulcate; frontal costa
fading well before the clypeus, feebly narrowed above, as broad as the
interspace between the eyes, faintly sulcate at and below the ocellus,
biseriately punctate; eyes moderately large, not very prominent, some-
216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
what longer than the infraocular portion of the geuae; antennae dark
castaneous, about four-fifths as long as the hind femora. Pronotum
narrowest at the hinder section of the prozona, feebly expanding in
front, slightly more on the metazona, the piceous postocular band of
the lateral lobes confined to the prozona and inconspicuous from the
dark color of the insect, though brought slightly into prominence by
the slight paling of the lower portion of the lateral lobes and the rufous
tinge of the sides of the disk, the disk very broadly convex and pass-
ing by rounded shoulders simulating lateral carinae into the vertical
lateral lobes, where each half of the prozona is slightly and independ-
ently tumid; median carina distinct and rather prominent on the meta-
zona, blunt on the prozona, particularly between the sulci; front
margin feebly convex, hind margin rotundato obtusangulate; prozona
longitudinally subquadrate, slightly longer than the somewhat coarsely
punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short and stout, appressed con-
ical, retrorse; interspace between mesosternal lobes about half as long
again as broad. Tegmina abbreviate, rather broad ovate, subfusiform,
apically acuminate, about as long as the pronotum, attingent, blackish
fuscous. Fore and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind
femora rather long and slender, blackish fuscous, the outer face more
or less and irregularly blotched with dull testaceous, the inferior face
dull rufous, the whole geniculation and lower genicular lobe blackish;
hind tibiae very pale dull greenish, minutely flecked with fuscous, the
spines black almost to the base, ten to eleven in the outer series.
Extremity of male abdomen feebly clavate, strongly recurved, the
supraaual plate long triangular, subhastate, the apex subrectangulate,
the lateral margins narrowly elevated, the median sulcus with its low
rounded walls shallow, broad at extremities and narrowed near the
middle, where the plate is traversed by a slight transverse ridge which
does not reach the margins; furcula consisting of a pair of widely
divergent, slender, tapering, acuminate spines crossing nearly the basal
fourth of the supraanal plate; cerci broad, flat, sub vertical laminae,
slightly more compressed at apex than at base, lying nearly in one
plane but feebly incurved and very faintly upcurved, subequal, well
rounded apically particularly on the inferior margin, a little more than
twice as long as broad, falling considerably short of the tip of the
supraanal plate, rather coarsely punctate; subgenital plate small, feebly
subpyramidal, the apex elevated only by the gradual and exceedingly
slight upward curve of the margin, which as seen from above is well
rounded and entire.
Length of body, male, 16 mm.; antennae, 6 mm.; tegmina, 4 mm.;
hind femora, 9.75 mm.
Two males. Rabbit Ears Pass, Colorado, at the height of about
10,000 feet, or probably 1,000 feet below timber line, July 20, 0. F.
Baker (0. P. Gillette). Mr. Baker has also sent me specimens taken
by him at Cameron Pass in northern Colorado at a height of 11,800
feet, and on Clark's Peak, Colorado, at a height of 11,700 feet.
NO. 1124. RE VISION OF THE MELANOPLISC UDDER. 217
43. MELANOPLUS ARTEMISIAE, new species.
(Plate XIV, tig. 8.)
Pezolettix artemiaiae BRUNER!, MS.
Pezotettix parabllis McNEiLLl, MS.
Of rather small size, cinereo-fuscous. Head rather prominent, dull
testaceous, heavily blotched with fuscous if not wholly infuscated,
deepest on the elevated portions, above ciuereo-testaceous, heavily
flecked with fuscous in stripes radiating from the fastigiurn and in a
postocular band; vertex somewhat tumid, distinctly elevated above
the level of the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes fully half
as wide again (male) or fully twice as wide (female) as the first anten-
nal joint; fastigium rather steeply declivent, sulcate; frontal costa per-
current, equal or faintly enlarging below, nearly as wide as the
interspace between the eyes, very feebly sulcate at and a little below
the ocellus, punctate above; eyes not very large but prominent, espe-
cially in the male, distinctly larger than the infraocular portion of the
geuae; antennae testaceous, five-sixths (male) or scarcely three-fifths
(female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum rather short, subequal,
feebly enlarging posteriorly, the lateral lobes with a feeble fuscous
postocular band on the prozona, the disk frequently punctate with
fuscous, very broadly convex and passing by a rounded shoulder,
feebly angulated on the metazona, into the anteriorly feebly tumid
subvertical lateral lobes; median carina percurreut, but blunt on the
prozona, especially between the sulci where it is often subobsolete;
front margin truncate, hind margin rotuudato-obtusangulate, slightly
more augulate in the male than in the female; prozona transversely
subquadrate (male) or distinctly transverse (female), about a fifth
longer than the densely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather
short, erect, conico-pyramidal, subappressed ; interspace between meso-
sternal lobes truncato-cuneiform, a little longer than broad (male) or
distinctly transverse, not much narrower than the lobes (female). Teg-
mina broad-ovate, broader in the female than in the male, scarcely
shorter than the pronotum, attiugent, the apex angulate. Fore and
middle femora very feebly enlarged in the male; hind femora long and
slender, sordid flavo-testaceous, twice rather narrowly demi-cingulate
with fuscous above and touched with fuscous at the base, the genicular
arc fuscous; hind tibiae very pale and very dull glaucous, with a fuscous
patellar spot, the spines black on the apical half, ten to eleven, rarely
nine, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen
barely clavate, scarcely recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with
straight or nearly straight sides, acutangulate apex, the surface nearly
plane, rising rnesially and basally into a pair of high, sharp, feebly
convergent ridges, inclosing a very deep and tapering median sulcus
which covers two-thirds of the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of
distant minute denticulations overlying the subinedian ridges of the
218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
supraanal plate; cerci moderately stout, nearly equal in width through-
out-, the basal half exteriorly tumid, the apical half roundly bent
inward and exteriorly broadly sulcate, the apex well rounded and
nearly reaching the tip of the supraanal plate; subgeriital plate small,
feebly subpyramidal, the margin as seen from above acutely bent
apically and feebly tuberculate by its slight apical elevation.
Length of body, male, 16 mm., female, 21 mm. ; antennae, male, 7.5
mto., female, 5.75 mm. ; tegmina, male and female, 3.5 mm. ; hind femora,
male, 9 mm., female, 10 mm.
Four males, 10 females. Salmon City, Lemhi County, Idaho, August
(U.S.N.M. Biley collection; L. Bruner; S. H. Scudder).
44. MELANOPLUS MANCUS.
(Plate XIV, fig. 9.)
Pezoieitix manca SMITH!, Proc. Portl. Soc. Nat. Hist., I (1868), p. 149. THOMAS,
Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 149. SCUDDER!, Hitchc., Rep. Geol.
N. H., I (1874), p. 374. GIRARD, Trait6 d'Eut., II (1879), p. 246. BRUNER, Rep.
U. S. Ent. Coram., Ill (1883), p. 59. FERNALD, Orth. N. E. (1888), pp. 29, 30;
Ann. Rep. Mass. Agric. Coll., XXV (1888), pp. 113, 114. McNKiLL, Psyche,
VI (1891), p. 77. MORSE, ibid., VII (1894), p. 106.
Poclisma manca WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., V (1871), p. 72.
Of rather small size, blackish fuscous above, the abdomen and legs
more or less ferruginous, below light castaneous. Head not prominent,
the lace and genae testaceous, feebly olivaceous, and sometimes faintly
clouded with fuscous, the summit blackish fuscous with a distinct and
broad piceous postocular baud; vertex gently convex, scarcely elevated
above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes half as broad
again (male) or twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fas-
tigium rather steeply declivent, rather (male) or very (female) shallowly
sulcate; frontal costa subequal, a little contracted narrowly at summit,
especially in the male, slightly narrower than the interspace between
the eyes, fading just before the clypeus, feebly sulcate at and below
the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes of moderate size, rather promi-
nent, particularly in the male, distinctly longer than the iufraocular
portion of the genae; antennae dark castaneous, apically infuscated,
less than three fourths (male) or about two-thirds (female) as long as
the hind femora. Pronotum rather short, feebly enlarging posteriorly
but more rapidly on the inetazona, the upper portion of the lateral
lobes occupied by a broad piceous postocular band, broadening pos-
teriorly and generally weaker on, but never absent from, the inetazona;
disk broadly convex, passing by a broadly rounded shoulder nowhere
forming semblance of lateral carinae into the inferiorly vertical lateral
lobes; median carina distinct on the metazona, blunt, equal, and
almost subobsolete on the prozona; front margin truncate or subtrun-
cate, hind margin very broadly convex, occasionally subangulate, the
angle exceedingly obtuse; prozona slightly longitudinal (male) or
quadrate (female), about a fourth (male) or a fifth (female) as long
NO. 1124. EE VISION OF THE HELASOPLISC UDDER. 219
again as tbe densely and finely punctate nietazona. Prosterual spine
rather short, slightly appressed conical, blunt, erect, rather shorter
and stouter in the female than in the male; interspace between
mesosternal lobes nearly half as long again as broad (male) or trans-
verse, but much narrower than the lobes (female). Tegrnina broad
rounded-ovate, shorter than the pronotum, attiugent or subattingent,
feebly subangulate at apex, dark brownish fuscous. Fore and middle
femora a little tumid in- the male; hind femora ferrugineo-testaceous,
sometimes with an olivaceous tinge, often more or less infuscated on
the outer face, especially next the carinae, the geniculation infuscated,
sometimes almost black; hind tibiae rather deep red, often paler next
the base, with a feeble and narrow fuscous patellar annulus, the spines
black almost or quite to their base, ten to eleven in number in the outer
series. Extremity of male abdomen very feebly clavate, somewhat
recurved, the supraanal plate long subclypeate, the lateral margins
raised and slightly contracted mesially, the apex roundly subrectangu-
late, the median sulcus rather narrow, equal, percurrent, the bounding
ridges not very high, but moderately sharp; furcula consisting of a pair
of approximate, parallel, slight, cylindrical, tapering spines, projecting
over the submedian ridges of the supraanal plate by no more than the
length of the last dorsal segment; cerci rather long and slender, the
lower margin nearly straight, tapering in the proximal half to about
half its basal breadth, thereafter subequal, a little incurved and faintly
twisted, scarcely reaching the tip of the supraanal plate, well rounded
at tip; subgenital plate pyramidal, a little elongate and at tip sub-
tuberculate, the margins in one plane, as seen from above with a para-
bolic curve, entire.
Length of body, male, 15.5 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male,
6.25 mm., female, 7.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 3.25 mm., female, 4.25 mm.;
hind femora, male, 8.75 mm., female, 11 mm.
Eighty-six males, 103 females. Speckled Mountain, Stoneham,
Oxford County, Maine, August 15, S. I. Smith; the same, August 18,
A. P. Morse (A. P. Morse; Museum Comparative Zoology; S. U. Scud-
der); Mount Sargent, Mount Desert Island, Maine, August; Kearsarge
Mountain, North Conway, Carroll County, New Hampshire, 2,000 to
3,251 feet, September 4 (A. P. Morse). It has also been repoited by
McNeill from Running Lake, Illinois.
45. MELANOPLUS CANCRI, new species.
(Plate XIV, fig. 10.)
Of small size, testaceous. Head not prominent, uniformly testaceous,
except in being darker above along the middle line in the male, and
with a narrow postocular black stripe; vertex gently tumid, scarcely
elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes hardly
as wide as (male) or scarcely half as wide again as (female) the first
antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, narrowly sulcate, at least
220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. xx.
in the male, broadening a little anteriorly; frontal costa faintly wider
than the interspace between the eyes, equal, fading just before the
clypeus, feebly sulcate at and below the ocellus, punctate above; eyes
rather large and rather prominent, particularly in the male, half as
long again as the infraocular portion of the genae ; antennae ( ?). Prono-
tum feebly enlarging on the rnetazona, the lateral lobes with only
broken signs of a postocular dark band on the prozona, the disk very
broadly convex, passing by a distinct rounded angle, forming a feeble
lateral carina. into the rounded subvertical lateral lobes; median carina
distinct but slight on the metazona, subobsolete or obsolete on the pro-
zona; front margin truncate, hind margin strongly obtusangulate;
prozona feebly transverse, but lifctle longer than the densely and not
very finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, rather
slender, at least in the male, conical, erect; interspace between meso-
sternal lobes nearly twice as long as broad (male) or quadrate (female).
Tegniina as long as or slightly longer than the pronotum, ovate, moder-
ately broad, attingent or overlapping, apically acuminate. Fore and
middle femora a little tumid in the male; hind femora not very long,
somewhat compressed, uniform light testaceous, with fuscous genicular
arc; hind tibiae light testaceous, the apical half of the spines black, nine
to ten in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen
hardly clavate, a little recurved, the supraaual plate triangular, with
acutangtilate apex, the surface nearly plane, except that it sweeps up to
the sharp, elevated, and apically united subinedian ridges inclosing a
very narrow and deep median sulcus, which crosses two- thirds of the
plate; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate, small, triangular
denticulations, no longer than the last dorsal segment, overlying the
ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci small, sub falciform, tapering to two-
thirds the basal width on proximal half, beyond equal, bent a little
inward and curved upward, exteriorly sulcate, apically rounded, much
shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, feebly sub-
conical, projecting slightly, the apical margin rising very feebly to an
obscure apical tubercle, and as seen from above with a parabolic curve,
entire.
Length of body, male, 14 mm., female, 20 mm. ; tegmina, male, 3.5 mm.,
female, 5.5 mm.; hind femora, female, 12 mm.
One male, 1 female. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, J. Xantus.
The single pair are somewhat broken and have been bleached in alcohol,
so that the colors of the above description will have to be revised with
fresh material.
12. DAWSOKI SERIES.
This group is composed of rather heterogeneous material if the ma-
cropterous forms alone are considered, and is even more loosely com-
pacted when the brachypterous species are mingled with them. In
size they range from rather small to medium. A single species is
dimorphic, being both brachypterous and macropterous,
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEB. 221
The prozona is quadrate or subquadrate in the male, but in some
brachypterous forms longitudinal. The interspace between the meso-
sternal lobes in the same sex is always longer than broad and sometimes
more than twice as long as broad. The tegmina are either fully devel
oped or slightly abbreviate so as not to surpass the hind femora, or
else they are shorter than the pronotum, and then apically rounded or
very bluntly subacuminate, generally slightly maculate. The hind
tibiae vary in color, and have from nine to thirteen spines in the outer
series.
The supraanal plate of the male is generally as in the femur-rubrum
series, but the apical third or more is frequently depressed. The fur-
cula is very variable, being either as in the devastator series, but gen-
erally rather shorter, or reduced to distant slight dentations or to
rounded partially projecting lobes. The cerci are generally symmetric-
ally rounded at tip and otherwise as in the femur-rubrum series, or
with very slight difference in breadth basally and apically, usually
rather short, and in one instance bent abruptly inward at less than a
right angle. The subgenital plate is usually broad throughout, the
apical margin well rounded and slightly elevated but not emarginate?
but sometimes it is rather narrow throughout and not apically elevated.
The species of this group, seven in number, are divided unequally
between macropterous and brachypterous forms, one species being di-
morphic, four others brachypterous, and two macropterous. They
occur almost wholly in the great interior region between the Mississippi
River and the Eocky Mountains, and extend from Alberta and Assini-
boia to central Mexico. No species are known from the Pacific Coast
and only one east of the Mississippi, in Georgia and North Carolina.
46. MELANOPLUS REFLEXUS, new species.
(Plate XV, fig. 1. )
Dull ferruginous brown, lutesceut below and on abdomen. Head
luteo- testaceous, more or less marmorate with light fuscous, fusco-ferrug-
inous above, with a broad postocular piceous patch ; vertex very gently
tumid, not elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the
eyes rather broad, much broader than, in the female twice as broad as,
the first antennal joint; fasti gium rather rapidly declivent, very feebly
and broadly sulcate in the male, nearly plane in the female; frontal costa
broad, failing to reach the clypeus, slightly contracted above, at least
in the male, almost (female) or fully (male) as broad as the interspace
between the eyes, feebly and narrowly sulcate at and below the ocel-
lus, punctate throughout but nowhere seriately ; eyes moderately large,
not prominent, a little longer than the infraocular portion of the geuae;
antennae ferruginous, in the female less than two-thirds as long as the
hind femora. Pronotum short, subequal, very faintly and uniformly
enlarging posteriorly, rather full than contracted in the middle, very
222 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
feebly tectate above, passing by a well-rounded angle into the inferiorly
vertical lateral lobes, ferruginous brown above, fading out on the meta-
zona into ferruginous, luteo-testaceous below ; front margin subtrun-
cate, hind margin broadly convex; median carina percurrent, slight,
the transverse sulci of the prozona slight and not cutting the median
carina; prozona longitudinal, very sparsely and feebly punctate, about
a third longer than the finely and densely punctate metazona. Pro-
sternal spine short, appressed cylindrical, blunt, strongly retrorse;
interspace between mesosternal lobes more than twice as long as broad
(male) or subquadrate (female), the metasternal lobes subattiugent
(male) or subapproxiinate (female). Teginina broad oval, shorter than
the pronotum, very broadly rounded apically, overlapping, wood-brown,
with a basal blackish fuscous cloud in the costal area. Femora luteo-
ferruginous, the fore pair feebly tumid in the male, the hind pair dull
ferruginous on the upper face, feebly and irregularly blotched or freck-
led with light fuscous on the outer and inner faces, flavous or vinous
beneath, the genicular arc and most of the geniculation black; hind
tibiae glaucous-green, the spines black with pallid bases, ten in num-
ber in the outer series. Thoracic pleura piceous, with the front face of
the mesothoracic episterna and the ridge of the metathoracic epimera
luteo-testaceous. Abdomen testaceous, with the sides, especially of
basal segments, piceous or blackish fuliginous; extremity in the male
clavate, well upturned, the supraanal plate broad triangular, the apex
rectangulate but compressed so that the sides are sinuate, the lateral
halves very broadly and very shallowly sulcate, the median sulciis
broad at base, narrowing as far as the middle and thereafter narrow
and percurrent, its lateral walls sharp and high only in the basal por-
tion; furcula consisting of a pair of lobate distant expansions of the
middle of the last dorsal segment, resting upon the outer side of the
base of the marginal ridges of the median sulcus of the supraanal
plate; cerci moderately broad, straight, slightly tapering, flat on the
external face, which is a little more than twice as long as the median
breadth, then abruptly recurved inward, leaving a ragged, concave ter-
minal edge, the reversed flange a little longer than broad, apically
rounded, deeply excavated, pressing against the compressed portion of
the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, considerably longer than
broad, not prolonged, of equal width throughout, except for a feeble
apical elevation, forming a small blunt tubercle.
Length of body, male, 16.75 mm., female, 21.5 mm.; antennae, female,
7.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 4 mm., female, 4.75 mm.; hind femora, male,
10.25 mm., female, 12.5 mm.
One male, one female. Ciudad del Maiz, San Luis Potosi, Mexico,
E. Palmer.
The character of the cerci with their reversed apex distinguishes this
species at a glance from all other Melauopli.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 223
47. MELANOPLUS MERIDIONALIS, new species.
(Plate XV, fig. 2.)
Fu sco-ferruginous, more or less lutescent beneath. Head not promi-
nent, fusco-ferruginous above, elsewhere dark olivaceous, except a
piceous postocular band, the vertex gently tumid, slightly elevated
above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather broad,
much broader than, in the female fully half as broad again as, the first
antennal joint; fastigium rapidly declivent, abruptly broadened in
front, very shallowly sulcate throughout; frontal costa broad, sub-
equal, slightly contracted above in the male, failing to reach the clypeus,
rather broader than the interspace between the eyes, feebly sulcate at
and below the ocellus, densely punctate; eyes of moderate size, mod-
erately prominent in the male, longer than the infraocular portion of
the genae; antennae ferruginous, slightly infuscated apically, about
three-fourths (male) or nearly two-thirds (female) as long as the hind
femora. Pronotum fusco-ferruginous above, luteous or olivaceo-luteous
on the lower half of the lateral lobes, the upper half on the prozona
brownish fuscous, deepening below into piceous, or wholly dull piceous;
subequal, scarcely expanding on the metazona, the disk broadly con-
vex, passing almost insensibly, but with a very bluntly rounded angle,
into the vertical lateral lobes, the median carina slight, percurrent, and
similar throughout; transverse sulci feeble, not cutting the median
carina; prozona very sparsely and feebly punctate, longitudinal (male)
or longitudinally subquadrate (female), one-third (male) or one fourth
(female) longer than the obscurely and finely punctate metazoua.
Prosternal spine moderately long (male) or rather short (female),
con ico- cylindrical, appressed, blunt; interspace between mesosternal
lobes nearly twice as long as broad (male) or slightly transverse
(female). Tegmina broad oval, shorter than the prouotum, apically
broadly rounded and slightly emarginate, brownish fuscous. Hind
femora fusco-ferruginous, the upper carinae often fuscous, the inferior
basal half of the outer face often gradually lutesceut, the inferior face
and base of inner face fulvous or roseate, the geuiculation, including
most or all of the lower genicular lobe, blackish; hind tibiae glaucous,
often more or less diffusely infuscated basally, sometimes lutescent
apically, clothed with rather long pile, the spines black with pallid
base, ten to eleven in number in the outer series. Extremity of the
male abdomen clavate, much upturned, the supraaual plate broad tri-
angular, with nearly straight, narrowly and slightly raised lateral
margins, slightly depressed faintly acutaugulate tip, and a short, tri-
angular, rather deeply impressed, basal, median sulcus; furcula con-
sisting of a pair of rather large, thickened, brief, lobate expansions of
the last dorsal segment, overlying the bases of the apically convergent
ridges, which bound the median sulcus of the supraanal plate; cerci
224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
very simple, being slightly incurved, but otherwise straight and sub-
equal laminae, a little more than three times as long as broad, tapering
feebly for a short distance from the base and apically expanding in the
slightest degree, the apical margin broadly rounded; subgenital plate
a little longer than broad, a little prolonged and slightly elevated
apically, the apical margin angulate, but rounded and entire.
Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 22 mm. ;' antennae, male, 7 mm.,
female, 7.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 3.5 mm., female, 4 mm.; hind femora,
male, 10 mm., female, 12 mm.
Three males; 8 females. Mount Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, Mexico,
E. Palmer.
48. MELANOPLUS MILITARIS, new species.
(Plate XV, fig. 3.)
Blackish fuscous above with some ferruginous tints, pallid below.
Head not prominent or feebly so in the male, blackish fuscous above,
sometimes heavily irrorate with testaceous, the rest, except a rather
narrow postocular piceous band, very pallid plumbeous, sometimes with
a pinkish hue, the genae more or less necked with fuscous posteriorly;
vertex gently tumid, distinctly elevated above the pronotum, the inter-
space between the eyes rather broad, nearly or quite twice as broad as
the first antenna! joint, similar in the two sexes; fastigiurn rapidly
declivent, shallowly sulcate; frontal costa only moderately broad, as
broad as (female) or slightly narrower than (male) the interspace between
the eyes, subequal, just failing to reach the clypeus, slightly sulcate
at and below the ocellus, rather feebly punctate; eyes not very large,
rather prominent in the male, rather shorter than the intraocular por-
tion of the genae; antennae fusco-luteous or fusco-ferrugiuous, more
than three-fourths (male) or less than three-fifths (female) as long as the
hind femora. Pronotum dull testaceous, very heavily sprinkled with
blackish fuscous above, especially on the prozona, sometimes so as to
become almost wholly blackish fuscous, the metazona ferruginous, the
upper half of the lateral lobes with a sometimes broken, broad, piceous
band, which fades partially or completely on the metazona, the whole
prouotum short, equal on the prozona, enlarging gradually and slightly
on the metazona, the disk very broadly convex and passing almost
insensibly but with a very broadly rounded angle into the vertical
(male) or subvertical (female) lateral lobes; front margin truncate, hind
margin broadly convex with a feeble angulation in the male; median
carina feeble on the metazona, subobsolete on the prozona; transverse
sulci of the prozona tolerably distinct, percurrent; prozona quadrate,
about a fourth longer than the obscurely punctate metazona. Pro-
sternal spine short, stout, very blunt, conical, erect, in the female a little
appressed; interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly twice as long
as broad (male) or strongly transverse, nearly as broad as the lobes
NO. 1 124. RE VISION OF THE MELA NOP L ISC UDDER. 225
(female). Tegmina short, sublanceolate, lateral, shorter than the pro-
noturn, the tip rounded, subangulate, brownish fuscous, blackish at
the base of the discoidal area. Hind femora pallid testaceous, very
transversely and narrowly bifasciate with blackish fuscous, the inferior
face and lower half of interior face roseate and unbroken, the genieu-
lation black; hind tibiae red, the spines black almost or quite to the
base, nine to ten in number in the outer series. Abdomen sordid pale
testaceous, heavily overlaid or blotched with blackish fuscous, the
extremity in the male feebly clavate, a little upturned, the supraanal
plate triangular, with convex sides, rectangular apex, the mesial region
broadly elevated in more than the basal half and with a median closed
sulcus of considerable depth, the sides of the plate also basally elevated,
so that two lateral valleys are formed with synclinal sides; furcula
consisting of a pair of slender, a little divergent, tapering, acuminate
spines, crossing the basal third of the supraanal plate; cerci rather
small, rapidly tapering in the basal half by the excision of the upper
margin (much more rapidly than shown in the figure), beyond subequal
and arcuate, being a little upturned, narrowed and well rounded
apically, not at all incurved, as long as the supraanal plate; subgenital
plate small, much longer than broad, not at all produced apically and
elevated only at extreme tip and slightly, the apical margin well
rounded, entire.
Length of body, male, 17.5 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male,
7.5 mm., female, 6.5 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 3.25 mm.; hind
femora, male, 9.1 mm., female, 11.75 mm.
One male, 1 female. Soldier, Logan County, Idaho (L. Bruner).
49. MELANOPLUS NIGRESCENS.
(Plate XV, fig. 4.)
? Pezotettix zimmermanni SAUSSURE, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1861 (1861), p. 159; Ortli.
Nov. Amer., II (1861), p. 9. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873),
p. 150. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comrn., Ill (1883), p. 59.
? Podlsma zimmermanni WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mas., IV (1870), p. 718.
Caloptenus nigrescens SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), p. 27;
Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 5; Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 44.
Pezotettix nicjrescens SCUDDER!, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75.
' Melanoplus nigrescens SCUDDER, Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 84. BRUNER, Rep. U. S.
Eiit. Coram., Ill (1883), p. 61.
Dull wood-brown, the sides and tegmina marked with black. Anten-
nae reddish brown, a little infuscated at the tip; front of head more or
less infuscated, the upper border of the eye margined by a pale yellow-
ish stripe, followed inferiorly behind the eye by a more or less distinct,
broad, blackish belt, which extends upon the pronotum, where it infus-
cates the upper third of the lateral lobes, especially anteriorly, and
deepens to black next the lateral carinae; metathoracic epimera yellow
ish or pale yellowish brown, edged on either side with black. Aral
Proc. X. M. vol. xx 15
226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
field of tegmina testaceous, the remainder black, the extreme tip testa-
ceous. Fore and middle legs dull fusco-testaceous ; hind femora yellow,
more or less tinged with brownish, with a broad black band on either
side of the middle, whose edges follow the impressed lines, the basal
one sending a median shoot to the base; hind tibiae vinous red, a little
infuscated at the base, the spines black, ten to twelve in number in the
outer series.
Vertex gently tumid, a little elevated above the pronotum, the
interspace between the eyes broader than (female) or scarcely as broad
as (male) the basal joint of the antennae; fastigiuin rapidly declivent,
broadly and shallowly sulcate; frontal costa broad, subequal, sulcate
throughout excepting just above the antennae; eyes pretty large, a
little prominent in the male, shorter than the intraocular portion of the
genae; antennae about as long as (male) or two-thirds as long as (female)
the hind femora. Pronotum with equal sides, the transverse sulci
moderate, continuous, nearly straight, the median carina distinct on
the metazona, the disk separated from the lateral lobes by a distinct
but bluntly rounded angle; front margin subtruucate, faintly emarginate
in the female, hind margin very obtusely angulate; prozona longitudi-
nal (male) or subquadrate (female), about a fourth longer than the
ruguloso punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long, cylindrical,
apically tapering but blunt, retrorse, in the female appressed and
stouter; interspace between mesosternal lobes half as long again as
broad (male) or quadrate (female). Tegmina only half as long as the
abdomen, longer than the pronotum, tapering, the inner margin convex,
apically subacumiuate; wings slightly shorter. Hind femora stout and
long. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, a little upturned, the supra-
anal plate triangular, with convex sides, acutangulate apex, and a
percurrent, not very deep, median sulcus; furcula consisting of a pair
of slight approximate spines overlying the ridges bordering the sulcus
of the supraanal plate; cerci moderate in size, compressed, tapering
and straight on the middle half, with an obscure inner superior basal
tubercle, beyond the middle bent inward and a little upward, equal,
the tip squarely truncate with rounded angles; subgenital plate small,
longer than broad, slightly elevated and feebly prolonged at apex,
forming a slight tubercle.
Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 26.5 mm.; antennae, male, 13
mm., female, 11 mm.; tegmina, male, 9 mm., female, 9.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 13.5 mm., female, 16.5 mm.
One male, three females. Georgia, Morrison; Smithville, North
Carolina, November 22.
It seems very probable that this species is the Pezotettlx zimmermanni
of Saussure, described from the female only, but I find it impossible to
determine from the description. If it should so prove, of course the
name has priority over the one here employed.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 227
50. MELANOPLUS DAWSONI.
(Plates I, tig. a; XV, fig. 5.)
Pezotettix dawsoni SCUDDER!, Daws. Rep. Geol. Rec. 49tb Par. (1875), p. 343; Butt.
Orth. N. A. Bound. Comrn. (1875), p. 3; Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75. CAUL-
FIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Out., XVIII (1886), p. 71; Can. Rec. Sc., II (1887),
p. 401; Can. Orth. (1887), p. 13.
Pezotettix lellnstris SCUDDER!, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876 (1876), p. 502; Ann.
Rep. Geogr. Snrv. 100th Mer., 1876 (1876), p. 282; Can. Ent., XII (1880), p.
75. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Eut. Coinm., Ill, (1883), p. 59.
PezoteUix abditum DODGE!, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 113. SCUDDER!, Can. Eut.,
XII (1880), p. 75. BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 27.
Melanoplus abditum OSBORN, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sc., I, Pt. 11 (1892), p. 118.
Obscure fusco testaceous. Head slightly prominent in the male
only, olivaceo-testaceous, iufuscated above, with a broad piceous, post-
ocular band; vertex tumid, distinctly elevated above the pronotum,
the interspace between the eyes rather broad, at least twice as broad
as the fii st antennal joint ; fastigiurn steeply declivent, plane, the lateral
margins feebly and broadly elevated ; frontal costa broad, subequal, as
broad as the interspace between the eyes, fading out before reaching
the clypeus, above plane (male) or feebly convex (female), at and
below the ocellus slightly sulcate, everywhere punctate, with a tend-
ency above to a biseriate arrangement; eyes not very large, not
prominent, scarcely longer than the iufraocular portion of the genae;
antennae ferruginous, four-fifths (male) or three fifths (female) as long
as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal (male) or distinctly compressed
above anteriorly (female), short, the disk transversely a little convex
and passing into the vertical lateral lobes by a rounded angle, which
is nevertheless so abrupt as to form, at least in the male, tolerably dis-
tinct lateral carinae; lateral lobes lighter colored below than the disk,
above on the prozona a broad, lustrous, dark colored band, sometimes
obsolete, sometimes deepening to piceous; median carina slight, per-
current, equal, but blunter on the prozona than on the metazona; front
margin feebly convex, with a slight mesial emargination not always
distinct, hind margin obtusangulate equally in macropterous and
brachypterous forms; prozona distinctly longitudinal (male) or quad-
rate or subquadrate (female) a third to a fourth longer. than the more
closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine very short and blunt,
rather stout, somewhat transverse; interspace between mesosternal
lobes half as long again as broad (male) or a little transverse (female).
Tegmina brownish fuscous, more or less feebly flecked with fuscous
and either greatly surpassing the hind femora, moderately broad and
subequal nearly to the well rounded tip (M. d. completus, Plate I, fig. ),
or ovate-lanceolate, apically subacuminate, a little longer than the
pronotum only (M. d. tellustris}; wings when fully developed ample,
hyaline, with pale brownish fuscous veins, paler and sometimes wholly
pallid in the anal area. Fore femora of male very feebly enlarged;
228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
hind femora luteo- or ferrugineo-testaceous, very obliquely and broadly
bifasciate with blackish fuscous above and outside, with a basal patch
of the same, the whole sometimes reduced to mere clouds, the genicu-
lar arc and sometimes the whole geniculation blackish fuscous ; hind
tibiae wholly red, the spines black except at base, ten to thirteen in
number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a little cla-
vate, upturned, tbe supraaual plate small, subclypeate, much longer
than broad, the lateral margins elevated a little and broadly on the
basal half, the apex subrectangulate, a little rounded, the median
sulcus not deep, percurrent, with sharp but low bounding walls in the
basal half 5 furcula consisting of a pair of subparallel, slender, tapering,
acuminate, flattened fingers, seated on rather tumid bases (forming
part of the last dorsal segment), lying outside the ridges of the supra-
anal plate, and extending about halfway across it; cerci small feebly
falciform lamellae, tapering on the basal half only and well rounded at
tip, gently incurved and almost as long as the supraanal plate; infra-
cereal plates large, scarcely longer than the supiaanal plate, almost
completely concealed by the recumbent cerci; subgenital plate small,
broad but longer than broad, subpyramidal, being apically compressed,
the apical margin slightly elevated and subtubercular, entire.
Length of body (M. cl. telhistris), male, 16 mm., female, 18.5 mm.;
antennae, male, 7.5 mm., female, 6.25 mm.; tegmina, male and female,
5.25 mm. ; hind femora, male, 9 mm., female, 10.5 mm. Length of body
(N. d. completus), male, 14.5 mm., female, 17.5 mm.; antennae, male, 7
inm., female, 6 mm. (est.) ; tegmina, male, 15 mm., female, 16 mm. ; hind
femora, male, 8.75 mm., female, 10 mm.
Thirty-four males, 42 females. Fort McLeod, Alberta, Canada,
August (L.Bruner; U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Souris Kiver, Assini-
boia, G. M. Dawson; Montana (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Dakota
(same; S. H. Scudder); Clifford, Traill County, North Dakota (L.
Bruner); Custer, Black Hills, South Dakota, Bruner (U.S.N.M. Riley
collection); Wyoming, Morrison (same); St. Paul, Minnesota, August
27, Whitman (same); Red River, Manitoba, R. Kennicott; Dallas
County, Iowa, August, J. A. Allen; Jefferson, Greene County, Iowa,
July 20-24, Allen; Crawford County, and Denison, Crawford County,
Iowa, July 10-24, Allen ; Nebraska, Dodge (U.S.N.M. Riley collection ;
S. Henshaw; S. H. Scudder); Lincoln, Lancaster County, Nebraska,
September (L. Bruner); Fort Robinson, Dawes County, Nebraska,
August 21, Bruner (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Colorado, Morrison
(same; S. H. Scudder); Northern New Mexico, Lieutenant Carpenter
Allen found the species in Iowa in grass on prairies.
There are two very distinct forms of this species, differing however
only in the length of the organs of flight, the tegmina being abbreviated
and subacuminate at tip in the form M. d. tellustris (retaining the
second oldest name for the form incapable of flight), and fully developed,
broad and ample, greatly surpassing the hind femora and well rounded
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 229
apically in that to which the name M. d. completus may be given. The
latter appears to be rarer and has so far been found only in Dakota
and at Red Kiver, Manitoba. We owe its discovery to Professor
Biuner.
51. MELANOPLUS GLADSTONI, new species.
(Plates I, fig. 6; XV, fig. 6.)
Melanoplm gladstoni BRUNER !, MS.
Very dark testaceous, much infuscated, especially above. Head not
prominent, luteo-castaueous, more or less clouded or blotched with
fuscous, above wholly fuscous, with a narrow, posteriorly broadening,
testaceous stripe, following the posterior upper edge of the eye and
separating the vertex from a piceous or blackish fuscous postocular
baud; vertex gently tumid, very slightly elevated above the prouotum,
the interspace between the eyes rather broad, nearly (male) or fully
(female) twice as broad as the basal antenna! joint; fastigium steeply
declivent, broadly sulcate throughout; frontal costa rather prominent,
as broad as the interspace between the eyes, equal, percurrent or almost
percurrent, punctate especially laterally, feebly sulcate at and below
the ocellus; eyes moderately large, not very prominent, anteriorly sub-
truncate, a little longer than the infraocular portion of the genae;
antennae luteo-ferruginous, gradually and slightly infuscated apically,
about three-fourths (male) or two thirds (female) as long as the hind
femora. Prouotum subequal, feebly enlarging on the metazona, ferru-
gineo- testaceous, much infuscated on the disk, the lateral lobes with a
broad, more or less distinct, dark, sometimes piceous band crossing the
prozona above; disk nearly plane, passing by a tolerably distinct but
rounded angle into the anteriorly slightly tumid vertical lateral lobes;
median carina slight, percurrent, somewhat feebler and blunter on the
prozona than on the metazona; front margin subtruncate, hind margin
obtusangulate; prozona quadrate, sometimes feebly longitudinal in the
male, scarcely if any longer than the closely but feebly punctate meta-
zona. Prosternal spine rather stout, moderately long, appressed conical,
blunt, feebly retrorse; interspace between mesosternal lobes fully half
as long again as broad (male) or slightly transverse (female). Teguiina
reaching and sometimes a little surpassing the tips of the hind femora,
moderately slender, distinctly tapering, brownish fuscous, distinctly
but not conspicuously maculate in the discoidal area; wings hyaline,
with mostly brownish fuscous veins. Fore femora of male not greatly
tumid; hind femora flavo-testaceous, twice broadly and very obliquely
banded with blackish fuscous, with a basal patch of the same, all some-
times confluent on the outer face, which it then nearly fills, the lower
face and lower half of inner face immaculate, the genicular arc black;
hind tibiae faintly valgate, red with an inconspicuous fuscous patellar
spot, the spines black except their pallid bases, ten to twelve, usually
eleven, iu number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen
230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
clavate, upturned, the supraaual plate rather long triangular, with
tolerably straight sides, slightly and broadly elevated in the basal half,
acutangulate apex, the whole apical half at a slightly lower plane than
the basal, the median sulcus rather broad and distinct, with rather
sharp walls, terminating with the upper shelf; furcula consisting of a
pair of slight, distant, slender denticulations, lying outside the ridges
of the supraanal plate, much shorter than the last dorsal segment;
cerci subequal, punctate, compressed laminae, about four times as long
as broad, feebly and broadly constricted rnesially, the apical portion
scarcely so broad as the base, and gently incurved, somewhat sulcate,
the tip well rounded but subangulate inferiorly, reaching the tip of the
supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, a little broader at base than
at apex, feebly compressed apically and faintly elevated, the apical
margin well rounded, entire.
Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, male and
female, 9 mm. ; tegmina, male and female, 16 mm. ; hind femora, male,
12 mm., female, 13.25 mm.
Eighteen males, 9 females. Medicine Hat, Assiniboia, September,
(U.S.N.M. Riley collection : L. Bruuer); Montana (L.Bruner); Gordon,
Sheridan County, Nebraska (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Fort Robin-
son, Dawes County, Nebraska, August 21, L. Bruuer (same); Custer
County, Colorado, T. D. A. Cockerell (same).
Colorado and Nebraska specimens appear to have the male cerci
slightly broader apically than those from farther north and may prove
distinct.
52. MELANOPLUS PALMERI, new species.
(Plate XV, fig. 7.)
Grayish or brownish fuscous, darker above than below. Head not
prominent, testaceous, sometimes ferrugineo-testaceous, more or less
flecked with fuscous, which prevails above and appears in a broad post-
ocular band; vertex gently tumid, slightly elevated above the prono-
tum, the interspace between the eyes rather broad, much broader than
(male) or twice as broad as (female) the basal antennal joint; fastigiuui
steeply declivent, sulcate throughout; frontal costa rather prominent,
equal, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, percurrent, sulcate
at and below the ocellus, feebly punctate; eyes rather large, moderately
prominent in the male, distinctly longer than the infraocular portion of
thegeuae; antennae luteous or luteo testaceous, about four-fifths (male)
or two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal,
enlarging a very little posteriorly, the lower half of the lateral lobes
cleaner and brighter in color than the rest, the prozona with a more or
less distinct but sometimes nearly obsolete postocular blackish fuscous
band; disk passing by a well-rounded angle into the vertical lateral
lobes, the median carina distinct on the metazona only, almost wholly
obsolete on the prozona; front margin truncate, hind margin feebly
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MEL ANOPLISC UDDER. 231
obtusangulate; prozona a little longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female),
generally a little (male) or no (female) longer than the finely punctate
metazona. Prosternal spine erect, conico-cylindrical, rather long,
bluntly pointed, in the female slightly compressed; interspace between
mesosternal lobes nearly twice (male) or a little (female) longer than
broad. Tegmina surpassing considerably the hind femora, slender,
tapering gently in apical half, brownish fuscous, almost the whole dis-
coidal area maculate with fuscous with varying distinctness and deli-
cacy; wings ample, hyaline, the anterior veins and cross veins fuscous.
Fore femora of male tolerably tumid; hind femora rather short and
moderately stout and compressed, dull testaceous, rather broadly
bifasciate, at least above, with blackish fuscous, the base and apex
also infuscated, the under surface a little warmer in tint; hind tibiae
very delicate pale green, the spines black from a little before their
middle, nine to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of
male abdomen clavate, upturned, the supraanal plate tolerably flat,
triangular with straight sides, acutangulate apex, the median sulcus
percurrent, with low bounding ridges which die out apically; furcula
consisting of a pair of divergent, flattened, tapering, acuminate ringers,
which hardly cross the basal third of the supraaual plate; cerci mod-
erately large and broad, compressed, incurved laminae, a little more
than three times as long as broad, a very little contracted mesially, the
apical portion with its well-rounded tip more or less externally sulcate
and narrower than the basal portion, reaching nearly to the tip of the
supraaual plate; subgenital plate broad but not so broad as long,
apically a little elevated, the apical margin well rounded, a little
thickened and entire.
Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 23 mm. ; antennae, male, 11.5
mm., female, 10 mm.; tegmina, male, 21 mm., female, 22 mm.; hind
femora, male, 13.25 mm., female, 15.25 mm.
Four males, 4 females. Fort Wingate, Bernalillo County, New Mexico
(U.S.N.M. Kiley collection); Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona,
E. Palmer.
13. KUSTICUS SERIES.
This is a tolerably homogeneous group in which the prozona of the
male varies from quadrate to distinctly longitudinal and in which the
mesosternal lobes of the same sex are separated by an interspace
which is rarely a little transverse, usually quadrate or subquadrate,
and rarely as much as nearly half as long again as broad. The hind
border of the pronoturn is usually very obtusangulate, and the tegmina
always abbreviate, usually about as long as the pronotum. The
hind tibiae are usually red, rarely pale greenish, with usually ten to
eleven spines in the outer series, but sometimes nine or twelve, and in
one case only seven spines may be found in the female.
The male abdomen is usually more or less clavate and recurved, the
supraaual plate triangular, its median sulcus inclosed by high walls
232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
which generally terminate beyond the middle; the furcula is usually
developed as slight, tapering denticulations only, and in one case these
disappear, but sometimes they are longer so as to be nearly or quite a
fourth as long as* the supraanal plate; the cerci are simple blades of
moderate breadth, generally a little arcuate, tapering a little in the
proximal, subequal in the distal half and rounded apically, not reach
ing the tip of the supraanal plate; the subgenital plate is small ami
the lateral and apical margins usually on the same plane, except for a
slight apical elevation or angulation which may take the form of a
tubercle, but in one species this also is wanting.
The species, mostly of medium or small size and seven in number,
have a tolerably wide range in the western portion of the continent,
from Washington, South Dakota, and Michigan to southern California,
Texas, and Mexico; but with a single exception (Montana), the same
district does not support two species. One species is found about and
near the upper Mississippi, a second along the eastern border of the
Eocky Mountains from Montana to New Mexico, a third in Montana,
a fourth in Washington, and the others respectively in southern Cali-
fornia, Texas, and Mexico.
53. MELANOPLUS MONTANUS.
(Plate XV, fig. 8.)
Platyphyma montana THOMAS!, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 155
GLOVER, 111. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1874), pi. xvm, fig. 11. BRUNER, Rep. U.>
Ent. Comra., Ill (1883), p. 58.
Of medium size, blackish fuscous with a ferruginous tinge. Head not
prominent, fusco plumbeous, the mouth parts paler, blackish fuscous
above, with a broad postocular piceousband; vertex somewhat tumid,
somewhat elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the
eyes fully half as broad again (male) or fully twice as broad (female)
as the first antenna! joint; fastigium steeply declivent, deeply (male)
or rather shallowly (female) sulcate throughout; frontal costa lost before
the clypeus, subequal, rather narrower than the interspace between the
eyes, slightly (male) or distinctly (female) sulcate at and for a brief
distance below the ocellus, rather heavily punctate throughout, the
larger puncta above the ocellus arranged biseriately and laterally; eyes
not very prominent but a little more so in the male than in the female,
of moderate size, as long as the infraocular portion of the genae; anten
nae nearly as long as the hind femora in the male. Pronotum subeqnal,
feebly expanding posteriorly in the female, the lower portion of the
lateral lobes dull dark testaceous in contrast to the piceous band of
the upper half, which is not lost (though obscured) on the metazona, the
disk rather broadly convex, passing (on the prozona insensibly, on
the metazona with a rounded shoulder) into the subvertical lateral
lobes; median carina distinct on the metazona, obsolete on the prozona;
front margin truncate, hind margin broadly obtusangulate, the angle
well rounded; prozona feebly longitudinal (male) or transverse (female),
NO. 1 124. RE VISION OF THE MEL A NO PLISC UDDER. 233
a little longer than the rather feebly punctate metazona. Prosternal
spine short, transverse, apically subtruucate; interspace between nieso-
sternal lobes a little transverse, much narrower than the lobes, alike in
both sexes, the metastemal lobes subattingent (male) or rather distant
(female). Tegmina abbreviate, about as long as the pronotum, attin-
gent, ovato-fusiform, broader in the female than in the male, apically
acuminate, blackish ferruginous. Fore and middle femora considerably
tumid in the male; hind femora very dull brownish testaceous, heavily
bifasciate with blackish fuscous, the premedian fasciation angulate on
the outer face, the whole geniculatiou, except sometimes the tip of the
lower genicular lobe blackish, the inferior face dull flavous; hind tibiae
red, the extreme base and a subbasal annulation fuscous, the spines
black almost to their very base, ten in number in the outer series.
Extremity of male abdomen distinctly clavate, considerably recurved,
the supra anal plate triangular with slightly convex, basally-raised
lateral margins, acutangulate apex and moderately broad and deep
equal median sulcus extending over a little more than the basal half of
the plate, its bounding ridges sharp and moderately high ; furcula con-
sisting of a pair of approximate, slight but rather coarse, parallel
denticulations, shorter than the last dorsal segment; cerci rather small,
subfalcate, being slightly curved upward but not incurved, tapering
somewhat in the basal half, beyond equal and two-thirds as broad as the
extreme base, the tip well rounded, shorter than the supraanal plate;
subgenital plate small, subconical, apically subtuberculate, moderately
narrow, subequal, the margin as seen from above well rounded, entire.
Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 26 mm. ; antennae, male, 9 mm. ;
tegmina, male, 5 mm., female, 5.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 9*5 mm.,
female, 11.5 mm.
Three males, 2 females. Montana (L. Bruner; U.S.X.M. Eiley col-
lection).
I formerly 1 gave Thomas's name- of this species to M. monticola, q. v.
54. MELANOPLUS WASHINGTONIANUS.
(Plate XV, fig. 9.)
Pezotettix icashingtonianus BRUNER!, Can. Ent., XVII, 1885, pp. 14-15.
Of medium size, rather stout-bodied, brownish fuscous tinged with
ferruginous, flavo testaceous beneath. Head not prominent, fusco-
testaceous with a feeble olivaceous tinge, brownish fuscous above, some-
times blotched with testaceous, with a broad postocular piceous band;
vi-rtex gently tumid, feebly elevated above the pronoturn, the inter-
space between the eyes nearly (male) or fully (female) twice as broad
as the first antenna! joint; fastigium steeply declivent, deeply (male) or
moderately (female) and broadly sulcate; frontal costa failing to reach
the clypeus, subequal but slightly contracted above, especially in the
'Appalacliia, I, 263.
234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
male, a little narrower than the interspace between the eyes, sulcate at
and below the ocellus, punctate throughout like the rest of the face
and genae; eyes of moderate size, only moderately prominent even in
the male, scarcely longer than the iufraocular portion of the genae;
antennae castaueous becoming slightly infuscated apically, consider-
ably more (male) or slightly less (female) than two thirds as long as
the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, faintly enlarging posteriorly,
especially in the female, the prozoua with a broad postocular piceous
band, beneath which the lateral lobes are dull navo-testaceous, the
disk broadly convex, passing by a broadly rounded angulation nowhere
forming lateral carinae into the vertical lateral lobes; median carina
distinct but very low on the metazona, subobsolete on the prozona
except at the extreme front j front margin truncate, hind margin obtus-
angulate; prozona quadrate or feebly longitudinal (male) or feebly
transverse (female), a little (male) or scarcely (female) longer than the
ruguloso-punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately large,
stout, appressed conical, very blunt, slightly retrorse; interspace
between mesosternal lobes subquadrate, a little longer than broad
(male) or transverse, but narrower than the lobes (female). Tegmina
abbreviate, about as long as the pronotum, overlapping, broad sub-
ovate, the costal margin convex, the apex acuminate, brownish fus-
cous, minutely flecked with fuscous. Fore and middle femora consid-
erably tumid in the male; hind femora rather robust, testaceous, rather
narrowly bifasciate with fuscous, the premedian fasciation angulate on
the outer face, the geniculation fuscous, the lower face paleflavous;
hind tibiae red, generally rather pale red, with an obscure fuscous patel-
lar spot, the spines black beyond their base, ten to eleven, rarely
twelve, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a
little clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate triangular,
the apex acutangulate, the median sulcus straight, rather narrow and
moderately deep, extending over the basal three fifths of the plate
between narrow 7 and sharp ridges, terminating abruptly; furcula con-
sisting of a pair of slight spinous denticulations shorter than the last
dorsal segment, overlying the base of the submedian ridges of the
supraanal plate; cerci small, subfalcate, slightly upturned but other-
wise straight lamellae, tapering gently from the base nearly or quite to
the middle, beyond equal, about two-thirds as broad as the extreme
base, apically rounded or subtruncate, much shorter than the supra-
anal plate; subgenital plate small, rudely subconical, terminating in a
feeble blunt tubercle.
Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male, 8
mm., female, 7.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 6.25 mm., female, (3 mm.; hind
femora, male, 11 mm., female, 12.25 nun.
Four males, 3 females. Loon Lake, Colville Valley, Washington,
July 23-25, S. Henshaw (Museum. Comparative Zoology; U.S.N.M.
Hi ley collection).
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPL'ISCUDDER. 235
55. MELANOPLUS WALSHII, new species.
(Plate XV, fig. 10.)
Pezotettix scudderi WALSH ! , MS.
Kather above the medium size, ciuereo- fuscous. Head not promi-
nent, dull testaceous, more or less infuscated, especially above, with a
distinct or obsolete piceous postocular band; vertex gently tumid,
feebly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes
almost (male) or much more than (female) twice as broad as the first
anteimal joint; fastigiuin steeply declivent, broadly and moderately
(male) or very shallowly (female) sulcate; frontal costa hardly reaching
the clypeus, equal, a little (male) or distinctly (female) narrower than
the interspace between the eyes, faintly and broadly sulcate at and
below the ocellus, punctate throughout, but above particularly in lat-
eral series; eyes not very large, moderately prominent, particularly in
the male, the front margin truncate in the female, a little (female) or
distinctly (male) longer than the intraocular portion of the genae;
antennae testaceous, basally lutescent, apically fuscescent, slightly
more than two-thirds as long as the hind femora in the female. Pro-
notum equal except for a feeble posterior enlargement of the inetazona,
the sides with a very broad piceous postocular band crossing the pro-
zona and, obscurely, also the metazona (male) or with scarcely the
slightest trace of the same, but at most a growing depth of tint at the
upper limit of the lateral lobes (female), the disk plano-convex, passing
into the subvertical lateral lobes by a well but abruptly rounded angu-
latiou, forming dull lateral carinae; median carina distinct but low on the
metazona, obsolete on the prozona. except sometimes a slight appear-
ance at extreme front; front margin truncate, hind margin strongly
obtusangulate; prozona distinctly longitudinal (male) or quadrate or
subquadrate (female), much longer than, generally half or nearly half
as long again as, the ruguloso-punctate metazona. Prosterual spine
moderately long and stout, especially in the female, appressed conical,
not very blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes truncato-
cuneiform, quadrate (male) or distinctly transverse but narrower than
the lobes (female). Tegmina abbreviate, a little longer than the prc-
notum, overlapping, with angularly separated dorsal and lateral fields,
particularly in the male, ovate-lanceolate, apically bluntly acuminate,
the costal margin rotundato-angulate, cinereo fuscous, the dorsal field
often wholly cinereous; wings briefer than the tegmiua. Fore and
middle femora not greatly tumid in the male; hind femora testaceous
or luteo-testaceous, rather broadly and distinctly bifasciate with fus-
cons or blackish fuscous, sometimes suifused on the upper face, the
inferior face pale reddish, the genicular arc black; hind tibiae bright
red, at extreme base infuscated, with a fuscous patellar spot, followed
beyond by a broad but not very conspicuous pallid annulus, the spines
236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
black beyond the base, ten to eleven, rarely nine or twelve, in the outer
series. Extremity of male abdomen rather strongly clavate, consider-
ably recurved, the supraaual plate triangular, with feebly elevated
lateral margins and bluntly acutangulate apex, the median sulcns nar-
row, deep, and equal, between high but rounded walls, terminating a
little beyond the middle of the plate and leaving the tip cochlearate;
furcula consisting of a pair of minute slender denticulations overlying
the submedian ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci snbequal, tapering
in the basal fourth only, beyond enlarged to the slightest degree, gently
incurved throughout but otherwise nearly straight, feebly sulcate exte-
riorly at the rounded apex, falling well short of the tip of the supra-
anal plate; subgenital plate small, narrowed ieebly in the middle of
eitlier side, the apical margin gradually and gently elevated, entire,
well rounded as seen from above.
Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, female,
10.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 7 mm., female, 8.5 mm.; hind femora, male,
11 mm., female, 15 mm.
One male, 7 females. Michigan, M. Miles; Kock Island, Illinois, B.
D. Walsh; Dallas County, Iowa, August, J. A. Allen.
This species was determined in 1805 by the late B. I). Walsh as Fez.
scudderi Uhler, described from the same place but quite distinct. It is
possible that the two sexes here described belong to two different spe-
cies, as there is considerable and unusual difference between them in
the shape of the eye and the character of the postocular band; but
they agree so well otherwise, and show the same pallid annulus on the
hind tibiae, that I regard them as the same. If distinct, the name he: e
applied should be given to the female, as only the female was received
from Walsh. The male comes from Michigan.
56. MELANOPLUS ALTITUDINUM.
(Plate XVI, fig. 1.)
Pezotettix marshallU SCUDDER!, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876 (1876), p. 502; Ann.
Rep. Geogr. Surv. 100th Mer., 1876 (1876), p. 282.
Pezotettix altitudinum SCUDDEK!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), p. 86;
Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 75.
Pezotettix sanyuinipes BRUNER!, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 27 undesrr
Of medium (male) or moderately large (female) size, there being
unusual disparity between the sexes, blackish griseons, ferrugineo testa-
ceous beneath. Head not prominent, ferrugineo-testaceous below, pa>s
ing into blackish fuscous above, with a broad, piceous postocular band ;
vertex somewhat tumid, elevated but little above the pronotum, the
interspace between the eyes nearly twice (male) or nearly thrice (female)
as broad as the first auteuual joint; fastigium not very steeply derli-
vent, rather deeply (male) or very shallowly (female) silicate; frontal
costa failing to reach the clypeus, equal or subequal, much narrow -r
than the interspace between the eyes, silicate at and below the ocellus
particularly in the male, punctate throughout like the rest of the face
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEE. 237
and geune; eyes not very large, moderately (female) or distinctly (male)
prominent, scarcely longer (male) or a little shorter (female) than the
intraocular portion of the genae; antennae castaneous, apically fus-
cescent, a little more than (male) or about (female) two thirds as long as
the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, feebly and gradually enlarging
posteriorly, the lateral lobes with a broad piceons postocular band con-
fined to the prozona and sometimes followed beneath by lighter spots,
the disk piano convex, passing into the vertical lateral lobes by a dis-
tinct but rounded angulation forming dull lateral carinae, most distinct
on the posterior section of the prozona; median carina distinct and
moderately high on the melazona, subobsolete on the prozona, often
obsolete between the sulci; front margin truncate, hind margin obtus-
augulate, the angle broadly rounded in tl.e female; prozona slightly
longitudinal (male) or distinctly transverse (female), considerably (male)
or not (female) longer than the ruguloso punctate metazona. Prosternal
spine rather short, conical with a blunt point, suberect; interspace
between mesosternal lobes subquadrate (male) or transverse, as broad as
the lobes (female), the metasternal lobes approximate (male) or distant
(female). Tegmina somewhat abbreviate, attaining about the middle
of the hind femora, overlapping, long lanceolate, very roundly acumi-
nate at tip, the dorsal field more or less ferrugineo- testaceous, the
rest blackish griseous, the whole profusely sprinkled with blackish
fuscous spots; wings a little shorter than the tegmina. Fore and middle
femora, and especially the latter, a little tumid in the male; hind femora
testaceous or ferrugineo-testaceous, rather narrowly bifasciate with
blackish fuscous, the geniculation fuscous, the lightest region of the
femora being a not very broad, dull flavo testaceous, pregenicular
annotation, the inferior surface and lower part of inner surface very
dark red; hind tibiae dark and generally bright red, with a narrow
fuscous patellar annulation, the spines black almost to their very base,
ten to eleven, rarely nine, in number in the outer series. Extremity of
male abdomen clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate tri-
angular, the apex acutangulate, the basal half or more of the lateral
mm gins feebly convex and feebly and broadly elevated, the median
portion of the basal three fifths of the plate broadly elevated and pro-
vided with a deep and equal median sulcus; furcula consisting of a
pair of distant, feeble, blunt denticulations, much shorter than the
last dorsal segment; cerci slender, and tapering rapidly on the basal
fourth or third, mainly by the excision of the upper margin, beyond
subequal, gently incurved and faintly curved upward, apically rounded,
faintly sulcate exteriorly at tip, but failing to reach the tip of the
supraanal plate; subgenital plate subconical, nearly as broad as long,
apically tuberculate.
Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 28 mm.; antennae, male, 8
mm., female, 9 mm.; tegmina, male, 9.5 mm., female, 10 mm.; hind
femora, male, 11.5 mm., female, 13 mm.
238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Thirteen males, 16 females. Montana (U.S.N.M. Riley collection);
Fort Ellis, Montana, July 29-30 (same); Englewood, Lawrence County,
South Dakota, Haggard (L.Bruner) ; Ouster, Black Hills, South Dakota,
Bruner (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Harneys Peak, South Dakota,
7,000 to 8,000 feet, Bruner (same); Fort McKinney, Johnson County,
Wyoming, July (same); Sheridan, Wyoming, August 12, L. Bruner;
Poudre Kiver, Colorado, June (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); south-
ern Colorado, June 11-20, Lieutenant Carpenter (same; S. H. Scudder);
Taos Peak, Sangre de Cristo Mountains, New Mexico, 13,000 feet, Car-
penter (U.S.N.M. Riley collection).
It is also credited to Pine Eidge, in the extreme northwestern part
of Nebraska (Bruner).
57. MELANOPLUS GRACILIPES, new species.
(Plate XVI, fig. 2.)
Pezotettix gracilipes MCNEILL!, MS.
Vf
Of small size and slender form, fusco-testaceous, more or less ferru-
ginous. Head not prominent, testaceous, more or less heavily and dis-
tinctly punctate with fuscous, generally fuscous above, with a broad,
fuscous, postocular band ; vertex feebly tumid, scarcely elevated above
the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes narrow, not (male) or
scarcely (female) wider than the first an ten nal joint; fastigium steeply
declivent, moderately sulcate; frontal costa fading before the clypeus,
equal or subequal, as wide as (female) or slightly wider than (male) the
interspace between the eyes, sulcate at and below the ocellus, punctate
throughout and more or less biseriately; eyes moderately large, rather
prominent, much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae;
antennae testaceous, about four-fifths (male) or one-half (female) as long
as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, faintly enlarging posteriorly,
the lower portion of the lateral lobes testaceous, the upper occupied
by a piceous postocular stripe which only crosses the prozona, the disk
broadly convex, passing into the subvertical lateral lobes by a rounded
but abrupt angulation, which forms very blunt percurrent lateral cari-
nae; median carina distinct but low, percurrent, hardly more distinct
on the metazona than on the prozona; front margin faintly convex,
hind margin subtruucate but faintly augulate; prozona distinctly lon-
gitudinal (male) or transverse (female), more than half as long again as
the densely and very distinctly punctate metazona. Prosternal spine
moderately long, erect, appressed, conical, blunt; interspace between
raesosternal lobes nearly half as long again as broad (male) or trans-
verse, but much narrower than the lobes (female). Tegmina abbreviate,
about as long as the pronotum, broad ovate, attingent, apically angulate.
brownish fuscous. Fore and middle femora slightly tumid in the male;
hind femora long and slender, dull testaceous, sometimes with a ferru-
ginous tinge, more or less sprinkled with fuscous dots, which when
most profuse are collected in two oblique fasciations seen most clearly
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCUDDEE. 239
on the tipper face, the lower face pale red, the geniculation hardly
infuscated; hind tibiae pale testaceous with a faint greenish tinge,
especially upon the tipper half, often minutely flecked with fuscous, the
spines pallid at base and black at tip, ten to eleven in number in
the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, considerably
recurved, the supraanal plate triangular or subhastate with acutaugu-
late apex, the lateral margins broadly and gently elevated on the
basal half, the median sulcus percurrent, deep basally and gradually
shallowing; furcula consisting of a pair of parallel, approximate, slen-
der, acuminate spines, less than one-fourth the length of the supraanal
plate; cerci small, slender, tapering gently on basal third, beyond
equal, nearly straight but feebly incurved, well rounded at tip, much
shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, subequal,
a little longer than broad, the lateral and apical margins in the same
plane, angulate as seen from above.
Length of body, male, 14 mm., female, 18 mm. ; antennae, male, 7 mm.,
female, 4.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 4.25 mm., female, 4.5 mm.; hind fem-
ora, male, 9 mm., female, 10 mm.
Three males, 1 female. Los Angeles, California, Goquillett (U.S.K.M.
Kiley collection ; L. Bruner).
58. MELANOPLUS GENICULATUS, new species.
(Plate XVI, fig. 3.)
Of every small size, fusco-testaceous, the legs and under surface
flavous. Head rather prominent, especially in the male, flavous, more
or less feebly punctate with fuscous, above with a pair of divergent
obscure fuscous stripes; vertex gently tumid, slightly elevated above
the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes scarcely (male) or only
(female) as wide as the first antenna! joint; fastigium steeply declivent,
rather deeply sulcate, broadening anteriorly to double the basal width;
face considerably oblique, the frontal costa fading j ust before the clypeus,
equal except for a slight contraction above, a little broader than the
interspace between the eyes, distinctly sulcate throughout excepting
above, feebly and biseriately punctate; eyes large, prominent, much
longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae rufo-testace-
ous, almost as long (male) or a little more than two- thirds as long
(female) as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal on the prozona, flar-
ing a little on the metazona, with no piceous postocular band, the
lateral lobes short and nearly unicolorous, the disk broadly convex and
passing insensibly into the vertical lateral lobes; median carina faint
and slight on the metazona, obsolete on the prozona, especially in the
male; front margin truncate or subtruncate, hind margin truncate and
very feebly and broadly emarginate; prozona distinctly punctate and
transversely rugose, at least in the male, subqttadrate, almost twice as
long as the densely and rather heavily punctate metazona. Prosternal
spine of moderate size, erect, strongly appressed conical; interspace
between mesosternal lobes quadrate (male) or transverse but much
240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
narrower than the lobes (female). Tegmina abbreviate, much shorter
than the pronotuin, lateral and widely distant, obovate, twice as broad
as long, well rounded apically. Fore and middle femora somewhat
tumid in the male; hind femora uniformly navous witli a faint greenish
tinge, the entire geniculation and base of tibiae black; rest of hind
tibiae greenish yellow, the spines black beyond the base, seven (female)
to nine (male) in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdo-
men scarcely clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraaual plate subtri-
angular with sinuous sides and rounded subrectangulate apex, the
surface subtectate, rising to the sharp submedian ridges which inclose
the percurrent but mesially interrupted median sulcus; furcula obso
lete, represented by mere disk-like thickenings of the inner portion of
the divided halves of the last dorsal segment; cerci small, moderately
slender, subequal, nearly straight but incurved, apically truncate,
shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate very small and very
short, of very unequal breadth, the lateral and apical margins on the
same plane, as seen from above augulate.
Length of body, male, 12.25 mm., female, 14.5 mm.; antennae, male,
8 mm., female, 6.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 2.5 mm., female, 2 mm.; hind
femora, male, 8.75 mm., female, mm.
One male, 1 female. Mexico, W. S. Blatchley.
59. MELANOPLUS RUSTICUS.
(Plate XVI, fig. 4.)
Pezotettix rusticus STAL, Bib. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Hancll., V, Xo. 9 (1878), p. 13.
I have not seen this species, but by the courtesy of Doctor Aurivillius
I am able to give an illustration ot the male abdominal appendages.
StaTs description is as follows:
Praecedenti [MeJ. plebejus] simillimus, differt oculis nounihil minoribus, an tennis
longioribus, vitta lateral! pronoti percurrente, forma interval]! steruorum, lobis geni-
cnlaribusfemorum posticorum nigris, tantum apice imo pallidis nee nou forma partinm
analium maris. , 9 . Long. 20 mill.
$. Antennae femoribus posticis vix breviores; oculi majusculi, modice convex!;
intervallum loborum niesosternalium anterius Jobis dimidio angustius, retrorsnm
sensim ampliatum; lobi rnesosternales leviter transversi ; lob! metasternales fortiter
appropinquati ; abdomen posterius baud vel vix tumescens, apice levissime recurvum ;
segmentum dorsale nltimum e medio lobos duos sat longos, sensiiu acuminates, divari-
cates, ernittens; lamina snpraanalis triangularis paullo longior quam basi latior,
lateribus leviter rotundatis instrncta, apice angulum subacutum formans, sulco lou-
gitudinali an to medium distincto, pone medium obsolete instructa, prope latera longi-
tudinaliter irapressa; cerci compress!, latiusculi, basi sensim nonnihil angustati, deiu
ubique aeque lati, posterius extus leviter excavati ; lamina subgenitalis brevis, fortiter
recurva, sinuato-truncata, macula parva apical! uigra notata.
9 . Antennae femoribus posticis nonnihil breviores; oculi minores; lobi mesoster-
nales transversi, iutervallo circiter duplo latiores; intervallum loborum mesosternal-
ium utrimque sinuatum, prope basin angustius, hinc retrorsum ampliatum; lobi
metasternales sat distantes."
Patria: Texas. (Mus. Holm.)
Stal places this species in his fourth division of the genus Pezotettic,
which he regards as equivalent to Paroxya Scudder, and which he defines
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 241
merely in terms of the abdominal appendages of the male; it is, there-
fore, not equivalent to Paroxya as I formerly denned it and as I here
still more closely distinguish it from the other genera.
14. BOECKII SERIES.
A homogeneous group in which the prozona of the male is distinctly
longitudinal and from a third to a half longer than the metazoua, the
posterior margin of the pronotum being subtruncate. The interspace
between the mesosternal lobes in the same sex varies from a little longer
than broad to twice as long as broad. The antennae vary considerably
in length, but generally differ but little between the two sexes. There
is also little diversity between the sexes in the prominence of the eyes.
The hind tibiae are dark blue, sometimes purplish, and have nine to
twelve spines in the outer series.
The supraanal plate is triangular with acutangulate or rectangulate
apex; the furcula is reduced to mere projecting points; the cerci are
broad and swollen at the base, taper rapidly, and terminate in a slen-
der, produced, more or less curling finger; the supraanal plate is either
very narrow as compared to its length and then deeply hollowed apic-
ally, with a strongly sinuate lateral margin, or it is only a little longer
than broad with a nearly straight margin, the apical margin always
entire.
There are six species, ranging from rather small to a little above the
medium size, and they are mainly confined to the Pacific coast from
Washington to California. But one of the species occurs also as far
inland as Idaho and Wyoming, and another is known from San Luis
Potosi, Mexico.
60. MELANOPLUS PACIFICUS.
(Plate XVI, fig. 5.)
rezotettix pacificm SCUDDEK!, Rep. U. S. Ent. Cornm., II (1881), App., pp. 24-25, pi.
xvii, fig. 16. BRUNER, ibid., Ill (1883), p. 59.
Of medium or slightly less than medium size, ferrugineo-fuscous
above, flavo-testaceous beneath. Head scarcely prominent, flavo-tes-
taceous, heavily punctate with fuscous, above also faintly clouded with
fuscous, with a broad piceous postocular band; vertex gently tumid, a
little elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes
nearly half as broad again (male) or nearly twice as broad (female) as
the first antennal joint; fastigiurn rather steeply declivent, distinctly
(male) or feebly (female) sulcate throughout with weak anterior termi
nation; frontal costa subobsolete below, subequal, but above slightly
narrowed, about as broad as the interspace between the eyes, a little
sulcate at and sometimes a short distance below the ocellus, punctate
throughout; eyes moderate in size, not very prominent, scarcely more
so in the'male than in the female, a little longer than the infraocular
Proc. X. M. vol. xx 16
242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
portion of the genae; antennae luteo-testaceous, gradually darkening
from base to apex, nearly two-thirds (male) or three-fifths (female) as
long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, faintly expanding pos-
teriorly, the disk ferrugineo-fuscous, sometimes testaceous flecked with
fuscous, gently convex transversely and passing by an abrupt but
rounded shoulder, scarcely forming lateral carinae, into the slightly
tumid sub vertical lateral lobes ; these are flavo- testaceous on the lower,
piceous on the upper half, the division line between the colors sharp,
arcuate; median carina sharp and distinct on metazona, feeble on
prozona, and sometimes obsolete between the sulci; front margin trun-
cate, hind margin feebly produced, subtruncate; prozona distantly,
coarsely, and shallowly punctate, feebly convex anteroposteriorly,
longitudinal, nearly one-half (male) or about one-third (female) longer
than the closely and rather finely punctate metazoua. Prosternal
spine small, stout, conical, and rather sharply pointed (male) or blunt
(female); interspace between mesosternal lobes fully half as long again
as broad (male) or fully half as broad again as long but narrower than
the lobes (female); ridge of metathoracic episterna flavous like the
meso thoracic, piceous between. Tegmina abbreviate, shorter than the
pronotum, in the female scarcely longer than the prozoua, very broadly
ovate, very broadly rounded apically, attingent or subattingent, brown-
ish fuscous, the anal area often cinereous. Fore and middle femora
very tumid in the male; hind femora rather stout and plump, ferrugineo-
testaceous, sometimes immaculate, sometimes obscurely and brokenly
trifasciate with blackish fuscous above, sometimes the whole outer face
completely infuscated (the carinae sometimes flavescent). the inferior
surface flavous or pale sanguineous, the geniculation feebly infuscated;
hind tibiae very dark glaucous or bronze green, sometimes with a nar-
row fuscous patellar anuulus, the spines long, pallid on basal, blackish
on apical half, ten to eleven, rarely nine or twelve, in the outer series.
Abdomen flavous, testaceous or ferruginous, the sides marked with
piceous, in the male sharply delimited in a narrowing band; extremity
in the male clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate triangu-
lar, expanded at extreme base, the apex acutangulate, the lateral mar-
gins broadly elevated, the median sulcus very broad at base, rapidly
narrowing so that at and beyond the middle it is very slender, the
arcuate bounding ridges high and sharp ; furcula reduced to the slightly
projecting inner angles of the divided halves of the last dorsal segment;
cerci strongly compressed, very broad and rounded on basal half, with
marginal borders, and a little tumid in the middle, the apical half sub
cylindrical, slender, tapering, pointed, not one-third the width of the
base, the whole not more than half as long again as broad and hardly
attaining the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate much longer
than broad, with very convex lateral margins, deeply hollowed and
entire apical margin, the margins quadrate as seen from above.
Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 19 mm.; antennae, male, C.5
NO .1124. XEriSIOX OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEE. 243
nun., female, 0.75 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 4 mm. ; hind femora,
male, 10.5 mm., female, 11.25 mm.
Four males, 7 females. Siskiyou County, California (U.S.N.M. Eiley
collection); Edgewood, Siskiyou County, California (L. Brunei); Sis-
sous, Siskiyou County, Packard; Mount Shasta, California (L. Bru-
nei); Sbasta County, California, June, J. Behrens (same); Santa Cruz
Mountains, California (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); mountains near
Lake Tahoe, California, September, Henshaw, Wheeler's Expedition,
1870.
This species may readily be confounded with the following; it is a
little smaller and somewhat slenderer than M. borckii, and differs also
in the points mentioned in the table.
61. MELANOPLUS BORCKII.
(Plate XVI, fig. 6.)
Aeridium (Podisma) borcMi STAL, Orth. Eug. Res. (1861), p. 332.
Podisma borckii WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 718.
Pezotettix (Mdanoplus) borcJcii STAL, Recens. Orth., I (1873), p. 79.
Pezotettix borckii THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 149. BRUNER,
Rep.U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59; Can. Ent., XVII (1885), p. 12; Bull.
Div. Eiit. U. S. Dep. Agric., IV (1884), p. 58.
Y Of fully medium size, ferrugineo-fuscous, dull testaceous beneath.
Head scarcely prominent, flavous, often more or less clouded with fus-
cous, above always more or less brownish fuscous, occasionally punctate
or streaked with black, rarely with any sign of a postocular baud;
vertex very gently, tumid, feebly elevated above the pronotum, the
interspace between the eyes fully half as broad again (male) or twice as
broad (female) as the first an tennal joint; fastigium moderately decliv-
ent, sulcate throughout but more feebly in the female than in the male;
frontal costa fading before the clypeus, equal but for the slight narrow-
ing above, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, slightly sulcate
at and sometimes shortly below the ocellus, punctate throughout like
the rest of the face and genae ; eyes of moderate size, feebly tumid and
scarcely more so in the male than in the female, only a little longer than
the infiaocular portion of the genae; antennae luteous or rufous, becom-
ing dusky apically, slightly more than half (male) or about three-fifths
(female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum distinctly enlarging
posteriorly especially in the female, of nearly uniform color but becom-
ing dull fusco-testaceous on the lower part of the lateral lobes, and
sometimes, and especially in the male, with a broad, dull piceous, post-
ocular baud confined to the prozona, the disk broadly convex and sep-
arated by a distinct and tolerably sharp an gulation, 'forming rather
distinct lateral carinae, from the gently tumid but otherwise subvertical
lateral lobes; median carina distinct, percurrent but feebler on the pro-
zona, and feeblest and sometimes subobsolete between the sulci; front
margin truncate or faintly convex, hind margin truncate or feebly
rounded, rarely subangulate; prozona distinctly (male) or feebly (female)
244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
longitudinal, feebly convex antero-posteriorly, fully a half (male) or
about a third (female) longer than the closely and finely punctate
metazona. Prosternal spine rather stout, conical, a little blunter in the
female than in the male; interspace between rnesosternal lobes longi-
tudinally subquadrate or somewhat longer than broad (male) or trans-
versely subquadrate or feebly transverse (female). Pleura marked as
in J/. pacificus. Tegmina a little or considerably shorter than the prono-
tum, broad or very broad oval, attingent or subattiugent, well rounded
apically, usually half as long again as broad but sometimes little longer
than broad, especially in the female, brownish fuscous. Fore and mid-
dle femora very tumid in the male; hind femora ferrugineo-fuscous,
very obliquely bifasciate with blackish fuscous, the proximal fasciation
usually narrow, the distal broad, sometimes more or less suffused on
the outer face, the genicular arc black, the lower surface sanguineous,
though the outer half is sometimes flavous; hind tibiae very dark
bluish purple, sometimes dull dark glaucous and then with a broad,
subbasal, pallid annulation, the spines long, pallid at base, the apical
half or more black, ten to eleven, rarely nine, in number in the outer
series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, strongly recurved, the
supraaual plate precisely as in M . pacificus ; furcula as there, but slightly
more prominent; cerci broad, somewhat rounded and tumid at base,
in the middle third tapering rapidly, the apical third subequal, very
slender, incurved and a little arcuate as seen from the side, the tip
bluntly pointed and almost attaining the tip of the supraanal plate,
scarcely differing from the same parts in If. pacificus ; subgenital plate
as there, but the lateral margins rather angulate than rounded at base.
Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 24.5; antennae, male, 6.75
mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 4.5 mm., female, 5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 13 mm., female, 14 mm.
Eight males, 12 females. California, Kicksecker (S. Henshaw); Cali-
fornia, Behrens (U.S.N.M. Kiley collection); Sonoma and Mariu coun-
ties, California, Baron Osten Sacken ; Sauzalito, Mariu County, Cali-
fornia, July 26, September, Behrens; Santa Cruz Mountains, California
(U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Los Angeles, California, Coquillett (L.
Bruner) ; between San Luis Obispo and San Simeon Bay, California,
v E. Palmer.
It has also been reported from Washington, Montana, Idaho, and
Wyoming by Bruner.
62. MELANOPLUS TENUIPENNIS, new species.
(Plate XVI, fig. 7.)
yTezotettix tenuipennis MCNEILL!, MS.
Of medium or rather above the medium size, the female robust, rather
dark testaceous. Head not prominent, testaceous, feebly and sparsely
punctate with fuscous, above sometimes faintly infuscated especially
along the middle, and with faint and narrow or no postocular band;
NO. 1124. /,'/: r/.svo.v or '////: MLLANOPLISCUDDEE. 245
vertex gently tumid, but little elevated above the pronotnm, the inter-
space between the eyes half as broad again (male) or twice as broad
(female) as the first anteimal joint; fastigium moderately decli vent,
rather shallowly (male) or scarcely (female) sulcate; frontal costa fading
before the clypeus, snbequal, about as broad as the interspace between
the eyes, scarcely sulcate (male) or feebly sulcate at and below the
ocellus (female), punctate throughout ; eyes moderate in size, not very
prominent, only a little longer than the infraocular portion of the genae;
antennae testaceous or rufo-testaceous, more than two-thirds (male) or
about one-half (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum distinctly
enlarging from in front backward particularly in the female, the disk
broadly convex, subtectiform, passing by an abrupt angle forming dis-
tinct lateral carinae into the anteriorly feebly tumid vertical lateral
lobes, the lateral carinae faintly marked with flavous or rufous, followed
beneath at least on the prozona with a narrow bordering of black, occa-
sionally extending, but generally as a feeble suffusion, over the upper
half of the lateral lobes; median carina percurrent, sharp on the meta-
zona, dull but distinct on the prozona, except that it is always feebler
and sometimes subobsolete between the sulci; front margin truncate,
hind margin truncate but inesially emarginate, especially in the female j
prozona subequal and distinctly longitudinal (male) or tapering and
longitudinally subquadrate (female), fully (male) or less than (female)
half as long again as the closely and heavily punctate metazona. Pro-
sternal spine long, slender, erect, conical (male) or moderately long,
stout, conical, rather blunt, erect (female) 5 interspace between meso-
sternal lobes somewhat variable, being from half as long again to fully
twice as long as broad (male) or subquadrate either longitudinally or
transversely (female). Tegmina much shorter than the pronotum, dis-
tant, lateral, elliptical, varying from hardly more than half as long
again as broad to more than twice as long as broad, apically well
rounded, brownish fuscous. Fore and middle femora considerably tumid
in the male; hind femora rather stout but pretty long, testaceous, gener-
ally with feeble remnants of bifasciation with fuscous, especially on the
outer face and upper half of inner face, the lower half of the latter with
the inferior face sanguineous, the genicular arc fuscous ; hind tibiae paler
or darker glaucous, sometimes a little infuscated, the basal third some-
times with a postbasal flavous annulation, the spines pallid on basal,
black on apical balf, nine to twelve in number in the outer series.
Extremity of male abdomen clavate, considerably recurved, the supra-
anal plate triangular with rectangulate apex and straight sides, the
surface nearly plane, the median sulcus occupying at base a large flat
triangular field (represented far too small in our figure), beyond which
it continues to the tip as a feeble slit; furcula consisting of a pair of
approximate, slight, blunt denticulations; cerci broad at base, tapering-
pretty regularly and somewhat rapidly, the apical third subequal and
very slender, not a fourth the width of the base, a little twisted and
246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. xx.
incurved, the tip bluntly angulate below, tbe whole fully twice as long
as basal breadth; subgenital plate long and narrow, narrowest in the
middle, the lateral margins ampliate and well rounded at the base, and
as a whole sinuate, rising again at the apex, the apical margin as seen
from behind broadly angulate, entire.
Length of body, male, 16 mm., female, 26 mm. ; antennae, male, 7 mm.,
female, 8 mm. ; tegmina, male, 3 mm., female, 4.75 mm. ; hind femora,
male, 10 mm., female, 15.5 mm.
Three males, 5 females. Monterey County, California, M. E. Curran
(L. Bruner); Los Angeles, Calfornia, Coquillett (same); Los Angeles
County, California, Koebele (same); San Bernardino County, Califor
nia, August 18 (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Kern County, Cali-
fornia (U.S.KM.).
As there is considerable variation in the slenderness of the tegmina,
the name given by McNeill is not closely applicable.
It is possible that the single female from Monterey County does not
belong here, as it varies from the others, as indicated in part by the
description, in having a subbasal annulus on the hind tibiae, and has
considerably broader tegmina than any of the others and hardly any
trace of markings on the hind femora. If it is distinct, it indicates an
undescribed species of this same series very closely allied to the present.
63. MELANOPLUS MISSIONUM, new species.
(Plate XVI, fig. 8.)
Of average size, dark, ferrugineo-fuscous. Head feebly prominent, at
least in the male, testaceous, heavily punctate with fuscous, above
blackish fuscous, enlivened by a testaceous stripe following the margin
of the eye posteriorly, and separating the fuscous summit from the broad
piceous postocular band ; vertex gently tumid, distinctly elevated above
the level of the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes nearly
(male) or fully (female) half as broad again as the first antennal joint;
fastigium somewhat decliveut, throughout distinctly (male) or scarcely
(female) sulcate; frontal costa rather prominent, almost reaching the
clypeus, equal or, in the male, sometimes feebly narrowed above, slightly
broader than the interspace between the eyes, feebly sulcate at, and in
the male below, the ocellus, rather closely punctate throughout like the
rest of the face; eyes moderately large, slightly prominent, much longer
than the infraocular portion of the^genae; antennae luteo testaceous,
about three-fourths (male) or more than three-fifths (female) as long as
the hind femora. Pronotum feebly expanding posteriorly, the disk
broadly convex, passing by a distinct though slight ruga or rough
angulation into the vertical lateral lobes, these lateral carinae marked,
at least in the male, by a slender fiavous stripe, followed beneath on
the lateral lobes by a slender (female) or broad but posteriorly narrow-
ing (male) piceous postocular band, mostly or wholly confined to the
prozona; median cariiia percurreut and distinct, but duller on the
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER. 247
prozona, though in the female, excepting between the sulci, it is nearly
as elevated though not so sharp as on the metazona; front margin sub-
truncate, hind margin produced, but broadly truncate, with the faintest
possible indication of eruargination ; prozona distinctly longitudinal
(male) or longitudinally subquadrate (female), very faintly and sparsely
punctate, about half as long again as the closely and sharply punctate
metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, conical, rather blunt ;
interspace between mesosternal lobes about twice as long as broad
(male) or quadrate (female.) Tegmina abbreviate, much shorter than
the pronotum, rather distant, obovate, nearly twice as long as broad,
well rounded apically. Fore and middle femora of male only moderately
tumid; hind femora testaceous or ferrugineo testaceous, more or less
confusedly bifasciate with blackish fuscous, the entire geniculation
blackish fuscous, the inner half of under surface and lower half of inner
surface pale sanguineous; hind tibiae very dark glaucous, almost pur-
plish, the spines pallid in basal, black in apical half, nine to ten, usually
nine, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate,
strongly recurved, the supraaual plate triangular, with subrectangulate
apex and feebly and broadly crenate margins, the sharp and low ridges
bounding the exceptionally shallow and flat median sulcus forming a
broad triangle in somewhat less than the basal half of the plate, though
the sulcus continues as a delicate incision and broadens a little at the
apex; furcula consisting only of the rectangulate but projecting inner
corners of the gradually broadening divided lateral halves of the last
dorsal segment; cerci broad at base, gently tumid, rapidly and regu-
larly narrowing in the basal half, beyond subequal, very slender, hardly
a fourth as broad as at base, incurved, the tip bluntly pointed, the
whole about twice as long as the basal breadth; subgenital plate long
and narrow, the lateral and apical margins in nearly the same plane, but
feebly elevated apically, as seen from above well rounded, entire.
Length of body, male, 16.5 mm., female, 20.5 mm.; antennae, male,
7.5 mm., female, 8 mm. ; tegmina, male and female, 4 mm. ; hind femora,
male, 10.5 mm., female, 12.75 mm.
Two males, 1 female. Los Angeles, California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M.
Kiley collection).
This species differs from the preceding mainly in coloring and in the
larger and bulkier female.
64. MELANOPLUS FUSCIPES, new species.
(Plate XVI, %. !).)
s I'ezoteitijr fuscipes McNEiLL,!, MS.
Of rather small size, dark ferrugineo-fuscous with black markings.
Head feebly prominent, testaceous, heavily flecked or sometimes suf-
fused with fuscous, above dark fuscous mesially, separated by a dull
flavo testaceous stripe bordering the eye from the broad piceous post-
ocular band; vertex moderately tumid, elevated somewhat above the
248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
pronotum, the interspace between the eyes hardly (male) or fully
(female) half as broad again as the first an teimai joint; fastigium not
very declivent, distinctly (male) or rather feebly (female) sulcate; frontal
costa rather prominent, not reaching the clypeus, subequal but narrowly
and feebly contracted above, as broad as the interspace between the
eyes, scarcely sulcate below the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes
rather large, rather prominent in the male, not at all in the female,
much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteo-
or fulvo-testaceous, a little iufuscated apically and paler at the base,
nearly four fifths (male) or two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora.
Pronotum feebly expanding posteriorly, the disk dark fuscous, a broad
dull flavous or cinereous stripe on either side, limited exteriorly by the
lateral carinae and generally fading or obsolete on the metazona, leaving
between them a mesial fuscous stripe no broader than they, the lateral
lobes navo-testaceous below with a postocular piceous band, very broad
and sometimes percurrent, but then broadened and diffused or em
browned on the metazona; disk very broadly convex, passing almost
insensibly into the sub vertical lateral lobes; median carina distinct
and sharp on the metazona, almost wholly wanting on the prozona;
front margin truncate, hind margin very broadly rounded or subtrun-
cate, occasionally subangulate; prozona sparsely punctate, varying
from quadrate to distinctly longitudinal, the latter only in the male, a
third to a half longer than the finely punctate metazona. Prosterual
spine short, stout, conical, shorter and stouter in the female than in the
malej interspace between mesosternal lobes twice or more than twice
as long as broad with parallel sides (male) or longitudinally subquad-
rate (female). Tegmina abbreviate, shorter than the pronotum, rotund-
ato-ovate, from a fourth to a half as long again as broad, well rounded
apically, approximate or subattingent, rarely attiugent, brownish fuscous
sometimes streaked with cinereous. Fore and middle femora of male
considerably tumid; hind femora moderately slender, flavo-testaceous,
distinctly and rather narrowly bifasciate with blackish fuscous, the
geniculation blackish fuscous, the inferior face flavous sometimes iufus-
cated; hind tibiae pale fusco-glaucous, the spines pallid on basal, black
on apical half, nine to eleven, usually eleven, in number in the outer
series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate. very strongly recurved,
the supraanal plate triangular with acutangulate apex, nearly plane,
with a pair of lateral arcuate blunt incurved ridges, formed of a plica
tion beginning with the basal half of the lateral margins but ending
abruptly before the median line, the median sulcus very slight and
slender, percurrent; furcula entirely wanting; cerci broad and slightly
tumid at base, rapidly and regularly tapering in the proximal half,
beyond much less rapidly, the distal half forming a compressed, sub-
equal, slender, incurved ribbon, hardly more than a third as broad as
the base, the tip rounded but slightly angulate below, the whole about
twice as long as the basal breadth, suberect; subgenital plate bluntly
NO. 1124. REVISION OF Til E MKI.AXUPLI SCUDDEK. 249
conical, about as long as broad, ending in a slight postmarginal tubercle,
the margins in one plane, broadly rounded, entire.
Length of body, male, 15 mm., female, 20.5 mm.; antennae, male,
6.75 mm., female, 7.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 3.5 mm., female, 4 mm.; hind
femora, male, 9 mm., female, 11.25 mm.
Six males, 4 females. California (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); San
Bernardino County, California, May (same); Los Angeles, California,
Coquillett (same); San Diego County, May (U.S.X.M.); between San
Luis Obispo and San Simeon Bay, California, E. Palmer.
This species is very close indeed to the preceding, but differs from k
in lacking the lateral carinaeof the prouotumand the angulations rep-
resenting the furcula, in the possession of an apical tubercle to the
supra-anal plate, and in the heavier flavous stripe of the disk of the
pronotum.
The name, apparently chosen from the color of the hirid tibiae, is not
very closely descriptive of them.
65. MELANOPLUS SCITULUS, new species.
(Plate XVI, fig. 10.)
Of small size, brownish fuscous. Head not prominent, olivaceo-
fuscous, above much infuscated, with a broad piceous postocular band;
vertex very gently tumid, feebly elevated above the pronotum, the inter-
space between the eyes scarcely broader than (male) or nearly twice as
broad as (female) the first antenual joint; fastigiuin moderately decliv-
ent, feebly sulcate; frontal costa almost or quite percurrent, equal,
about as broad as (male) or slightly narrower than (female) the inter-
space between the eyes, feebly sulcate at and below the ocellus (male),
or distinctly sulcate almost throughout (female), feebly punctate; eyes
rather large, only moderately prominent even in the male, considerably
longer than the mfraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteo-testa-
ceous, slightly infuscated apically, about three-fifths (male) or but
little more than one-half (female) as long as the hind femora. Prono-
tum very gently enlarging from in front backward, varying from testa-
ceo-fuscous to blackish fuscous, always with more or less ferruginous,
luteo-testaceous on the lower half of the lateral lobes, with a broad,
piceous, postocular band either confined to the prozona or extending
obscurely and more widely upon the metazona, the disk broadly convex,
passing by an abruptly rounded shoulder into the inferiorly vertical
lateral lobes; median carina equally distinct and sharp throughout;
front margin truncate, hind margin very broadly rounded, subtruncate;
prozona sparsely and shallowly punctate, distinctly longitudinal, much
more than half as long again as the sharply and closely punctate meta-
zona. Prosternal spine appressed subconical, not very long, trans-
versely and broadly rounded apically; interspace between mesosternal
lobes slightly longer than broad (male) or transverse, but much nar-
rower than the lobes (female). Tegmina abbreviate, somewhat shorter
250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
than the pronotuin, attingent, rotundato-ovate, less than half as long
again as broad, apically rounded, brownish fuscous. Fore and middle
femora somewhat rounded in the male; hind femora ferrugineo fuscous
or flavo-fu scons, darkest along the upper half of the outer face, without
fasciation, the under and inner faces flavous or pale sanguineous, the
genicular arc blackish; hind tibiae dark glaucous, the spines pallid
in basal, black in apical half, nine to eleven, usually ten, in number
in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, considerably
recurved, the supraanal plate hastate with rectangulate apex, the sur-
face nearly plane, the median sulcus shallow, narrow, and narrowing,
inclosed between low rounded walls, which unite near the middle of the
plate; furcula reduced to two slight, approximate, blunt denticulatious,
overlying the base of the just-mentioned ridges; cerci broad at base,
tapering rapidly and subequally so as to form long triangular plates,
faintly incurved, apically faintly decuived and finely acuminate at
tip, the lower margin faintly concave; subgenital plate small, not much
longer than broad, very broadly and bluntly subconical, the cone form-
ing a feeble and blunt apical tubercle, the lateral and apical margins
on the same plane, well rounded, entire.
Length of body, male, 14.5 mm., female, 18 mm.; antennae, male, 5.6
inm., female, 5.5 mm. ; tegniiua, male and female, 3.25 mm. ; hind femora,
male, 9.1 mm., female, 10 mm.
Two males, 1 female. Mount Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E.
Palmer.
This species is the most aberrant of its series.
15. PUER SERIES.
In the species of this small group, the prozona of the male (and
generally of the female) is longitudinal and nearly twice as long as
the metazona, with its truncate or feebly produced hind margin; the
median carina is similar throughout. The interspace between the
mesosternal lobes in the same sex is slightly or much longer than
broad. The male antennae are long and considerably longer propor-
tionately than those of the female. The tegmina are abbreviate, of
about the length of the pronotum, obovate and apically rounded.
The hind tibiae are prevailingly glaucous, the spines ten to eleven,
rarely nine, in number in the outer series.
The supraanal plate of the male is triangular or hastate, the surface
subtectate with a deep median sulcus; the furcula is variable in length,
either reduced to mere denticulations or developed as parallel spines
nearly a third as long as the supraanal plate; the cerci are small and
styliforin with slight concavity of the upper margin, acuminate and
much shorter than the supraanal plate; the subgenital plate varies
considerably but is rather full, and the apical margin entire.
Two species are known, one very small from Florida, the other rather
large from Texas, and they are brought together in one group princi-
pally fioni their simple styliforin cerci.
JIO.IIIM. KEriSIOX OF THE MELANOPLISCrDDER. 251
66. MELANOPLUS FLABELLATUS.
(Plate XV IT, fig. 1.)
Pezotettlx Mellatus SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hitit., XX (1879), pp. 82-83;
Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 71-72. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Eiit. Comm., Ill (1883),
p. 59.
Somewhat above tlie medium size. Head not prominent ; vertex feebly
tumid, barely elevated above the pvonotum, the interspace between the
eyes slightly broader than (male) or fully half as broad again as (female)
the first antennal joint; fastigium rather steeply declivent, shallow,
broad, subspatulate, with distinct but low and coarse bounding walls;
frontal costa broad, equal, rather broader than (male) or as broad as
(female) the interspace between the eyes, flat throughout or faintly sul.
eate down the middle below the ocellus, biseriately punctate above;
eyes moderately large, moderately prominent, a little longer than the
infraocular portion of the genae; antennae nearly four-fifths (male)
or four-sevenths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum very
simple, enlarging backward uniformly but slightly, and less so in the
male than in the female; front margin truncate, hind margin gently
aiigulato-arcuate; median carina distinct, slight, equal, percurreut;
lateral carinae scarcely indicated and on the metazoua wholly obsolete;
whole disk gently punctate, the prozona more sparsely than the raeta-
zona; prozona distinctly longitudinal (male) or quadrate or feebly lon-
gitudinal (female), fully (male) or about (female) half as long again as
the metazoua. Prosternal spine moderately long, appressed conical,
blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes fully half as long
again as broad (male) or transverse but shorter than the lobes (female).
Tegmina abbreviate, a little shorter than the prouotum, rounded ovate,
half as long again as broad, the apex not at all produced, slightly over-
lapping at their inner margins. Extremity of male abdomen a little
clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, of about
equal length and breadth, the apex bluntly pointed, the sides very
nearly straight, with a slight transverse median ridge not reaching the
sides; furcula formed of two rather distant, nearly straight, subconical
processes, scarcely reaching the transverse ridge; cerci simple, conical,
scarcely curved, tapering more on the basal than the apical half, about
half as long as the supraanal plate; subgenital plate broader than
long, the lateral and apical margins on the same plane, well rounded or
feebly angulate apically, entire, the lateral margins incurved basally.
The general color above is either a very pale brownish yellow or a
brownish griseous; below dirty yellow with a greenish tinge; antennae
fulvous, lutescent basally, darker apically; a broad blackish fuliginous
belt runs from behind the eye across the lateral lobes of the pronotum,
generally broadening slightly and fading a little on the metazona. The
pleura are marked as in .17. lexanm and the tegmina areunicolorous and
of the color of the disk of the pronotiun. The hind femora partake of
252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XX.
the color of the upper surface of the body and have faint fuscous indi-
cations of bifasciation above; hind tibiae glaucous, but at the base yel-
lowish with a glaucous or fusco-glaucous annulation; spines black with
a pallid base, usually eleven in number in the outer series. The upper
surface and sides of the abdomen are uniform in fcint, the sides unmarked
by any black band.
Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 27 mm.; antennae, male, 7.75
mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 5 mm., female, 6 mm. ; hind femora,
male, 10.25 mm., female, 14 mm.
Ten males, 21 females. Texas, Belfrage (U.S.N.M. Eiley collec-
tion); Dallas, Texas, Boll (same; S. H. Scudder).
In general appearance and in most points of its structure this species
resembles M. discolor. It may at once be distinguished from it by the
shape of the tegmina and the male cerci and by the color of the hind
tibiae.
67. MELANOPLUS PUER.
(Plate XVII, fig. 2.)
Pezotettix puer SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), p. 87;
(pars), Entom. Notes, VI (1878), p. 28. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill
(1883), p. 59.
Brownish fuscous with a ferruginous tinge. Head feebly prominent,
yellowish brown, heavily mottled with dusky brown in small spots,
often deepening (especially above) to blackish brown; vertex feebly
tumid, elevated but slightly above the pronotum, the interspace
between the eyes narrow, not (male) or scarcely (female) broader than
the first antennal joint ; fastigium very steeply declivent, deeply sulcate
throughout; frontal costa narrow, scarcely wider than the interspace
between the eyes, equal, percurrent, sulcate at and below the ocellus;
eyes large and prominent, in the male as high as the vertex, much
larger than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae castaneous,
gradually infuscated apically, nearly three fourths (male) or nearly
two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum brownish
yellow, more or less infuscated above, regularly expanding posteriorly,
very slightly in the male, noticeably in the female, the disk feebly
convex transversely and passing by a tolerably distinct but smoothed
angle into the vertical lateral lobes, which in the male are marked
with an exceptionally large piceous spot on the upper portion of the
prozona, especially on the anterior section a mark which is only indi-
cated in the female in dull fuscous and is much broken or subobsolete;
median carina equally distinct throughout; front and hind margins
truncate, the latter distinctly emarginate in the middle; prozona longi-
tudinal, nearly twice as long as the more finely punctate metazona.
Prosternal spine rather short, erect, lobate, very strongly appressed,
well rounded, the posterior face flat; interspace between mesosternal
lobes slightly longer than broad (male) or quadrate (female), the
inetasternal lobes subattingent (male) or approximate (female). Teg
no. 1124. REl'ISIOy OF THE MELAXOPLISCVDDER. 253
mina brownish fuscous, minutely flecked with fuscous in the interstices
of the crowded veins, obovate, well rounded, twice as long as broad,
lateral, widely separated, hardly longer than the prozona. Legs vari-
able in color but generally dull yellowish brown, the hind femora
generally bifasciate with fuscous above besides the black geniculatiou;
hind tibiae at base and at tip dull yellqw mottled with brown, the rest
purplish glaucous, the spines black beyond the base, nine to ten,
usually ten, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdo-
men hardly clavate, not at all recurved, the supraanal plate triangular
with slightly convex sides and acutaugulate apex, tectate but with
elevated lateral margins forming large lateral sulci, the median sulcus
deep, tapering, crossing the basal half of the plate; furcula consisting
of a pair of minute pointed projections overlying the submedian ridges
of the supraanal plate; cerci slight, styliform, slender beyond the
thickened base, then scarcely tapering, gently incurved, the tip bluntly
pointed; subgenital plate small, subcouical, of equal breadth, some-
what longer than the apical breadth, with a slight erect tubercle.
Length of body, male, 10.5 mm., female, 16 mm.; antennae, male, 5.5
mm., female, 7 mm.; tegmina, male, 2.2 mm., female, 2.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 8 mm., female, 10 mm.
One male, 4 females. Fort Keed, Orange County, Florida, April 8-10,
J. H. Comstock; Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida, November,
Maynard (S. Henshaw).
This is the smallest known species of Melanoplus.
10. INOKNATUS SEBIES.
The prozoua of the male is here distinctly longitudinal, and the
interspace between the mesosternal lobes in the same sex quadrate,
or feebly longitudinal. The hind margin of the pronotum is either
truncate or very broadly obtusangulate. The tegmina are abbreviate
and nearly as long as if not somewhat longer than the pronotuin, some-
times rounded and sometimes subacuininate apically. The hind tibiae
are generally green, and the species vary much in the number of spines
in the outer series, ranging from nine to fifteen.
The supraanal plate is triangular and generally rather flat, the lateral
margins hardly elevated; the furcula may be either reduced to slight
prominences or produced as delicate spines crossing the basal fourth of
the supraanal plate; the cerci again vary considerably, being either
stout, strongly constricted in the middle and widely expanded apically,
or tapering to a half or two-thirds the basal breadth and then forming
a relatively slender, slightly decurved, compressed finger; the subgeni-
tal plate is narrower, generally considerably narrower, than long, with
angulate, slightly elevated and tuberculate extremity.
The species are rather slender, of about medium size, and are three
in number. One occurs in Mexico, a second in North Carolina, and the
third in Illinois and Indiana.
254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE I'M. VOL. XK.
68. MELANOPLUS INORNATUS, new species.
(Plate XVII, fig. 3.)
PezoMtix inornatus McNEiLi, !, MS.
A little above medium size, ferrugineo-testaceous. Head not prom-
inent, ferrugineo-testaceous, a little darker above, with a broad piceous
postocular band; vertex somewhat tumid, slightly elevated above the
pronotum, the interspace between the eyes as broad as (male) or fully
half as broad again as (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium
steeply declivent, faintly and broadly sulcate; frontal costa nearly per
current, equal, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly sul.
cate at and below the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes moderately
large, slightly prominent in the male, only a little longer than the
infraocular portion ofthegeuae; antennae testaceous, a little infuscated
apically, about three-fourths (male) or five-sevenths (female) as long as
the hind femora. Pronotum subequal but ieebly expanding posteriorly,
the sides with a broad, piceous, postocular band confined to the prozona,
the disk broadly subtectate and gently convex, passing by a tolerably
abrupt shoulder, forming tolerably distinct lateral carinae at least on
the posterior part of the prozona, into the anteriorly tumid subvertical
lateral lobes; median carina tolerably distinct and percurrent, sharper
on the metazona than on the prozona, arid on the latter very feebly
arched longitudinally; front margin faintly convex, hind margin very
obtusaugulate; prozona sparsely and very shallowly punctate and
longitudinal (male) or quadrate or longitudinally subquadrate (female),
about a third as long again as the closely and not very deeply punctate
metazona. Prosternal spine moderate, appressed conical, retrorse,
stouter in the fern ale than in the male; interspace between mesosternal
lobes somewhat longer than broad with diverging sides (male) or
longitudinally subquadrate (female). Tegmina abbreviate, somewhat
longer than the prouotum, overlapping, ovate-lanceolate, apically sub-
acuminate, ferrugineo-fuscous. Fore and middle femora only a very
little tumid in the male; hind femora rather slender, compressed, tes-
taceous with a ferruginous tinge, growing flavescent interiorly, the gen -
iculatioh fuscous; hind tibiae rufo-testaceous, the spines black on the
apical half, eleven to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity
of male abdomen clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraanal plate
triangular with acutangulate apex, the margins not elevated, a trans-
verse, percurrent, median plica, and a median sulcus which is triangular
on the basal half, slender in the apical half, and crosses two-thirds of
the plate; furcula consisting of the feebly projecting lobular expan-
sions of the inner extremities of the divided lateral halves of the last
dorsal segment; cerci rather large and clepsydral, strongly contracted
before the middle, the basal portion tapering but slightly, while the
larger apical portion expands greatly, especially above, the rounded tip
/?/-:r/.s7o.v or Tin: MK/.jxopLificrniH':/!. 255
thus reaching the extremity of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate
small, moderately broad but much narrower than long, the apical por-
tion a little elevated and tumid, subtuberculate.
Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 29 mm. ; antennae, male, 9 mm.
(est.), female, 10 mm.; tegmina, male, 7.r> mm., female, 9 mm.; hind
femora, male, 11.75 mm., female, 14 mm.
One male, 2 females. Locality unknown (J. McNeill); Moutelovez,
Cohahuila, Mexico, September 20, E. Palmer.
All the specimens seen have been immersed in alcohol, which may
have somewhat affected their colors.
69. MELANOPLUS VIRIDIPES, new species.
*>
(Plate XVII, fig. 4.)
I't-oti'ttix i-h-idipex WALSH!, MS. (1865). BLATCHLKY, Can. Eat., XXIII (April,
1891), p. 80; ibid., XXIV (1892), p. 34 undescribed.
PezotHUr ririd'urns WALSH!, MS. (1865).
PezotettiK viriduliis [by error for vir idler nx~\ McNEiLL, Psyche, VI (May, 1891),
pp. 75-76. BLATCHLEY, Can. Ent., XXIV (1892), p. 34; ibid., XXVI (1894),
p. 245 nn described.
Of medium size, brownish fuscous above, flavous beneath; head
not prominent, dark olivaceo-testaceous, sometimes plumbeous, above
much infuscated, with abroad piceous postocular band; vertex mod-
erately tumid, scarcely elevated above the pronotum, the interspace
between the eyes half as broad again (male) or twice as broad (female)
as the first antenual joint; fastigium rather steeply declivent, dis-
tinctly (male) or shallowly (female) sulcatej frontal costa almost per-
current, slightly narrowed at upper extremity, especially in the male,
otherwise equal, about as broad as the interspace between the eyes,
sulcate at and below the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes moderately
large, rather prominent, particularly in the male, somewhat longer than
the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae testaceous or rufo testa-
ceous, apically infuscated, distinctly longer than (male) or three-fourths
as long as (female) the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, faintly
expanding, posteriorly, above ferrugineo testaceous, sometimes infus-
cated, on the sides flavous or fl a vo- testaceous below, but the upper por-
tion wholly occupied by a very broad, percurrent, piceous, postocular
band, broadening slightly on the metazona, the disk convex and pass-
ing by a slight shoulder into the anteriorly tumid vertical lateral lobes;
median carina distinct though rather slight on the metazoua and, in the
female at least, on the front of the prozona, elsewhere obsolete or sub-
obsolete; front margin faintly convex, and in the male with a scarcely
perceptible emargination, hind margin rotundato obtusangulate, almost
subtruncate; prozona distinctly (male) or faintly (female) longitudinal,
about half as long again as the densely but not deeply punctate meta-
zona. Prosternal spine short and rather stout, conical; interspace
256 PK O CEE DINGS OF THE NA TIONA L M I ~SE I 'M.
between mesosternal lobes quadrate (male) or very transverse but nar-
rower than the lobes (female). Tegmina abbreviate, generally a little
longer than the pronotum, slightly overlapping, elliptical, apically
rounded, more than twice as long as broad, brownish fuscous. Fore
and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora mod-
erately slender, flavous, sometimes more or less ferruginous, obliquely
bifasciate with brownish or blackish fuscous, with a large blackish
genicular patch; hind tibiae pale green or glaucous, pallid or pale
flavous at the base, with a dusky patellar spot, the spines black in
more than the apical half, nine to ten in number in the outer series.
Extremity of male abdomen clavate, much recurved, the supraanal
plate triangular with acutangulate apex, rather flat, the median sulcus
broad, equal, shallow and percurrent, lying between low ridges which,
a,s well as the sulcus, are interrupted inesially; furcuhi consisting of a
pair of small, distant, triangular denticulations; cerci long and rather
slender, erect and gently incurved, tapering gradually from base to
middle, which is about two-thirds as broad as the base, beyond almost
equal but feebly enlarged, slightly produced inferiorly at the apex, and
the whole apical subequal portion feebly decurved; subgenital plate
somewhat longer than broad, subequal, apically elevated slightly and
produced to a delicate conical tubercle.
Length of body, male, 16 rnm., female, 21.5 mm. ; antennae, male, 9.5
mm., female, 9 mm.; teginina, male, 5 mm., female, 5.25 mm.; hind
femora, male, 8.5 mm., female, 11.75 mm.
Twelve males, 13 females. Illinois, Uhler; Bock Island, Illinois,
Walsh; Moline, Eock Island County, Illinois, J. McNeill; Ogle County,
Illinois, June 20, J. A. Allen; Riviere de Pare, June 14, L. Brnner;
Vigo County, Indiana, May 25, June 8, 11, Blatchley (W. S. Blatchley;
A. P. Morse). A specimen in the U. S. National Museum from Montana
perhaps belongs here.
It has also been reported by McNeill from McLean County, Illinois,
and Monroe County, Indiana.
This species is remarkable for the length of the antennae. It matures
very early, McNeill having taken it as early as June 5 in Illinois, where
he thinks it is the first Orthopteron to mature from eggs of the same
season. Blatchley records it in Indiana even as early as May 11.
McNeill says "it is by no means common, . . . being restricted to
a few localities [about Moline]. It shows a decided preference for the
sides of open, grassy ravines." One specimen before me is marked by
Blatchley as found in woods.
The species has never before been described, but has been mentioned
by Walsh's names in several publications; the specific name "viridu-
lus" used on one or two occasions was a misreading of Walsh's name
"viridicrus," and probably originally due to bad chirography on my
part.
NO. 1124. EEVISWy OF THE MELANOPL1 SCVDDEE. 257
70. MELANOPLUS DECORUS, new species.
(Plate XVII, fig. 5.)
Of medium size, very slender and elongate, brownish fuscous with
a ferruginous tinge above, flavous beneath. Head not at all prominent,
olivaceo-flavous more or less infuscated, above fuscous, with a broad
piceous postocular band; vertex hardly at all tumid, not raised above
the level of the pronotum. scarcely or not reaching the level of the
upper arch of the eyes, the interspace between the eyes very narrow,
hardly as broad as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply decliveut,
feebly sulcate, oblong obpyriform; frontal costa percurrent, equal,
scarcely broader than the interspace between the eyes, feebly sulcate
at and below the ocellus, faintly punctate; eyes large, very prominent,
nearly twice as long as the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae
testaceous at base. Pronotum long, equal, with a scarcely perceptible
expansion of the metazona, brownish fuscous above, flavous or flavo-
testaceous on the sides, with a rather broad, percurrent, piceous, post-
ocular baud, narrower on the metazona than on the prozona, the disk
considerably convex and passing with only a feeble shoulder into the
vertical lateral lobes; median carina distinct, sharp, equal, percurrent;
front margin feebly convex with the faintest possible emargiuation,
hind margin subtruncate; prozona very longitudinal, nearly twice as
long as the densely and sharply punctate metazona. Prosternal spine
moderate, slender, conico-cylindrical, blunt, erect; interspace between
mesosternal lobes a little longer than broad. Teginina abbreviate,
shorter than the pronotum, attingent or subattingent, ovate, well
rounded apically, less than twice as long as broad, brownish fuscous.
Fore and middle femora somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora
flavous, sometimes more or less ferruginous, the whole geniculation
except the apical portion of the lower lobe black; hind tibiae pale
greenish or pale glaucous, the spines black to their base, fourteen to
fifteen in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen
considerably clavate, recurved, the supraanal plate clypeate with
rectangulate tip, raised and sinuate lateral margins, a narrow, deep,
percurrent, median sulcus, the walls of which are hardly elevated into
ridges, and an apical pair of short, convergent, blunt ridges; furcula
consisting of a pair of basally attingeut, divergent, slender, tapering,
acuminate fingers, crossing rather more than a fourth of the supraanal
plate; cerci composed of a moderately broad, rapidly tapering, slightly
tumid, basal portion, about one-third of the whole, and a very slender,
subequal, gently arcuate, incurved, and apically faintly expanding por-
tion, hardly more than a third as broad as the base, inferiorly augulate
at tip and reaching about to the tip of the supraaual plate; subgenital
plate small, greatly tapering, so as to be very narrow at tip, the apical
margin considerably elevated to form a delicate tubercle.
Proc. N. M. vol. xx 17
258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
Length of body, male, 17.5 min. ; tegmiua, 4 mm. ; hind femora, 9.5 mm.
Two males. Dingo Bluff', North Carolina, November 15, Parker-
May uard.
In general appearance this insect has a strong resemblance to Jf.
attenuatus from the same region.
17. FASCIATUS SERIES.
This group is not very homogeneous, comprising forms of comsider-
able difference in appearance and structure, but which have a number
of important points in common. It is composed in part of brachypter-
ous and in part of macropterous forms. One species is dimorphic in
this respect, and the others, whether macropterous (one only) or
brachypterous (six in number), are exceptionally short-winged or
exceptionally long- winged for their type. The antennae are very vari-
able in length, being sometimes quite similar, sometimes quite dissimi-
lar, in the two sexes and varying in the male from three-fifths as long
as the hind femora to equal their length, and in the female from one-
half to four-fifths the length of the hind femora. In size they range
from very small to a little above the medium.
The prozona of the male varies from quadrate to longitudinal in
both brachypterous and macropterous forms. The interspace between
the mesosternal lobes in the same sex is also very variable in each set
of forms, and in both together ranges from a little transverse to twice
as long as broad. The tegmina in the brachypterous forms are usually
comparable with the length of the pronotuni and are well rounded, but
in the dimorphic form they are apically subacuminate and twice as long-
as the pronotum (as in one of the brachypterous forms) or far surpass
the hind femora and are broad and well rounded apically; while in the
single macropterous form they barely reach the tip of the hind femora.
The hind tibiae are likewise very variable in color, sometimes within the
species, and have from nine to twelve, usually eleven, spines in the
outer series.
The supraanal plate is generally rather long triangular, and rather
flat, with but feebly elevated margins, except in one instance, where it
is strongly compressed apically. The furcula is usually very feebly
developed, but three species have slender fingers extending some dis-
tance over the supraanal plate. The cerci are rather large, compressed,
generally incurved laminae, generally of considerable breadth, but in
one instance exceptionally slender, generally more or less constricted
mesially, in two species greatly, and, with a single exception, enlarged
again apieally, rounded and not acuminate (in one species emarginate)
at tip. The subgenital plate again varies much, but is always longer
than broad, generally moderately broad and nearly equal and usually
a little elevated apically, the apical margin always entire.
The eight species have as little geographical as structural relation.
One is known only from the extreme north in Labrador and Greenland 5
NO.H24. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCFDDEH. 259
two from Florida only; another only from Oregon and Washington; a
fifth from Kentucky; a sixth from North Carolina; a seventh from
Indiana, Texas, and, perhaps, Carolina; while the eighth occurs across
the continent from Newfoundland and New Jersey in the east to Wash-
ington in the west, and from the Saskatchewan to Colorado.
The most aberrant member of the series is M. lorealis. None of
them are likely to be confounded.
71. MELANOPLUS ATTENUATUS, new species.
(Plate XVII, fig. 6.)
Of medium size and very slender, light ferrugineo-fuscous. Head
rather prominent, flavo-testaceous, fuscous above, with a broad piceous
postocular band; vertex moderately tumid, a little elevated above the
pronotum, the interspace between the eyes about as broad as the first
antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, distinctly but not deeply
sulcate; frontal costa percurrent, subequal, faintly narrower above,
slightly broajcler than the interspace between the eyes, faintly depressed
at the ocellus, punctate throughout, biseriately above; eyes large, very
prominent, nearly twice as long as the infraocular portion of the genae;
antennae fusco-testaceous, fully four-fifths as long as the hind femora.
Pronoturu subequal, faintly expanding on the metazona, ferrugineo-tes-
taceous more or less infuscated above, flavous or fusco-flavous on the
sides, with a broad, piceous, postocular band confined to the pro r /oua,
the disk gently convex, passing by a rather broadly rounded shoulder
into the anteriorly tumid vertical lateral lobes; median cariua dis-
tinct, percurrent, equal ; front margin feebly convex, hind margin sub-
truncate; prozoua very longitudinal, nearly twice as long as the sharply
and densely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long, feebly
conical, very blunt, erect; interspace between mesosterual lobes some-
what longer than broad. Tegmina abbreviate, a little shorter than the
pronotum. attingentor subattingent, elliptical, broadly rounded apically,
a little less than twice as long as broad, fusco-testaceous. Fore and
middle femora somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora slender, light
ferruginous, dull flavous beneath, the genicular arc and a basal bar on
the lower genicular lobes blackish fuscous; hind tibiae very pale green
apically, pale ferrugineo-flavous basally, the spines black nearly to their
base, twelve to fourteen in number in the outer series. Extremity of
male abdomen clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate long
triangular, a little and narrowly compressed just beyond the base, the
tip acutangulate but well rounded, the lateral margins somewhat ele-
vated, the median sulcus lying between sharp but not high walls in the
basal two-thirds of the plate, beyond which are a pair of more distant,
short, subparallel, blunt, longitudinal ridges; furcula consisting of a
pair of very slender, tapering and acuminate, divergent fingers, crossing
scarcely the basal fourth of the supraaual plate; cerci very slender and
260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
elongate, apically strongly incurved fingers, tapering uniformly to the
middle so as to be there less tban half as broad as at base, then slightly
enlarging to form an apical rounded lobe a little more than half as
broad as the base, expanding below more than above, the apical mar-
gin rounded but sometimes feebly emarginate so as to appear faintly
bifid; subgenital plate rather small and very narrow, narrowing api-
cally, the apical margin well rounded, faintly and broadly tuberculate.
Length of body, male, 19.5 mm.; antennae, 9.5 mm.; tegmina, 4.25
mm.; hind femora, 11 mm.
Three males. Smithville, Brunswick County, North Carolina, Novem-
ber 22, Maynard.
This can not be the Pezotettix longicornwfat' Saussure, described from
Carolina, from its lack of distinct lateral carfuae and its convex pronotal
disk.
72. MELANOPLUS AMPLECTENS, new species.
(PI ate XVII, fig. 7.)
A little above medium size, luteo-testaceous. Head aT little promi-
nent, luteo testaceous, above very broadly and feebly striped with fus-
cous, with a broad, piceous, postocular band; vertex somewhat tumid,
somewhat elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the
eyes about half as broad again as the first antenna! joint; fastigium
steeply declivent, angularly sulcate throughout; frontal costa fading-
just before the clypeus, subequal, slightly broader than the interspace
between the eyes, feebly sulcate at and below the ocellus, sparsely and
finely punctate throughout; eyes large, very prominent, considerably
longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteous, a
little infuscated apically, fully five-sixths as long as the hind femora.
Pronotum subequal, the sides of the prozona with a broad fuscous
postocular band, the disk broadly convex, passing by an abrupt
rounded shoulder into the anteriorly feebly tumid, vertical, lateral
lobes; median carina distinct and sharp on the metazona, feeble but
tolerably sharp and equal on the prozoua; front margin faintly convex
and faintly and narrowly emarginate, narrowly flaring feebly, hind
margin broadly obtusangulate; prozona distinctly longitudinal, more
than halt' as long again as the sharply but not very closely punctate
metazona. Prosternal spine rather long, conical, a little retrorse, the
hinder face straight ; interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly
half as long again as broad. Tegmina abbreviate, but reaching nearly
to the middle of the hind femora, slender lanceolate, the tip very
bluntly subacuminate, brownish fuscous deepening above to blackish
on the lateral face, cinereous on the dorsal face. Fore and middle
femora somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora luteo-testaceous,
broadly and almost completely bifasciate with blackish fuscous, which
is angularly disposed on the outer face, the whole geniculation blackish
fuscous, the inferior face luteous; hind tibiae luteo-flavous, infuscated
at base, the spines black almost or quite to their very base, twelve to
. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLlSCUDDER. 261
fourteen in number iii the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen
olavate, considerably recurved, the supraaual plate long triangular, a
little narrowed at the tip, with an acutangulate apex, the lateral mar-
gins elevated to the same height as the sharp and high parallel ridges
bounding the median sulcus, which unite just beyond the middle of the
plate, and are crossed at the middle by a straight transverse ruga
which does not reach the margins; furcula consisting of a pair of
minute black denticulations overlying the submedian ridges of the
suprnaual plate; cerci broad at base, rapidly narrowing to the middle,
mainly b} T the excision of the inferior margin, beyond again expanding
as rapidly and nearly as much, and at the same time curved abruptly
inward, the apical flange broadly rounded at tip, compressed, and at
extreme apex curved abruptly backward; subgenital plate moderately
broad, the apical margin broadly and considerably elevated, entire.
Length of body, male, 19.5 mm.; antennae, 10.5 mm.; tegmiua, 7.5
mm.; hind femora, 12.5 mm.
One male. Bee Spring, Edmonsou County, Kentucky, June 14-15,
F. G. Sanborn (Museum Comparative Zoology).
The specimen was formerly in alcohol, which has probably somewhat
affected the colors. The clasping form of the cerci has suggested the
specific name.
73. MELANOPLUS SALTATOR, new species.
(Plate XVII, fig. 8.)
Pezotettix borckii SCUDDER!, Rep. II. S. Ent. Comm., II (1881), App., p. 24, pi. xvn,
fig. 17. BRUNER!, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., IV (1884), p. 58; Can.
Ent., XVII (1885), p. 12.
Ferrugineo-fuscous. Head not prominent, almost wholly fuscous
above, the face and geiiae luteo testaceous, punctate and more or less
marmorate with fuscous; vertex slightly tumid, feebly elevated above
the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes broad, two (male) or three
(female) times as broad as the basal antenna! joint; fastigiuin consider-
ably decliveut, its lateral margins feebly (female) or considerably (male)
elevated, but not otherwise sulcate; frontal costa subequal but feebly
enlarging from above downward, slightly narrower than the interspace
between the eyes, feebly sulcate (if at all) only at and below the ocel-
lus, punctate; eyes moderate in size, not prominent, about as long as
the intraocular portion of the genae; antennae ferruginous, often a little
infuscated apically, fully two-thirds as long as the hind femora in both
sexes. Pronotum subequal, feebly enlarging posteriorly at least in the
female, the disk transversely convex and passing almost insensibly into
the subvertical lateral lobes, the lower part of the latter of. a little lighter
color, and the upper part crossed on the prozona by a broad piceous
yet often obscure band, which occasionally in the female passes, broad-
ened and diffused, upon the metazona; median carina slight but distinct
throughout, feebler on the prozona than on the metazoua; front margin
truncate or subtruncate, hind margin rotundato-obtusangulate ; prozona
262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
quadrate or subquadrate, slightly longer than the closely punctate meta-
zona, the sulcus between them very broadly obtusangulate by wide einar-
giuation of the prozona. Prosternal spine long, subcylindrical, blunt,
erect; interspace between inesosternal lobes twice as long as broad
(male) or a little transverse, narrower than the lobes (female), the
inetasternal lobes subattingeut (male) or tolerably distant (female).
Tegrnina slightly overlapping (male) or attingent (female), ovate, rather
broad, shorter than the pronoturn, uniform brownish fuscous. Femora
rufescent or fusco-luteous, the fore pair and to some extent the middle
pair tuinescent in the male, the hind pair more or less but obscurely
infuscated in premedian and postinedian bands, which are angulate on
the outer face and generally more or less confused; their lower face,
especially exteriorly, more or less ferruginous, the geniculation mostly
fuscous; hind tibiae generally dull red, more or less feebly flecked or
obscured basally with fuscous, sometimes pluuibeo-glaucous, the spines
rather short and black throughout, eleven to twelve, usually eleven,
in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen strongly
clavate, much recurved, the supraanal plate abruptly and obliquely con-
tracted laterally in the apical half so as to make the shape somewhat
clypeate, the lateral margins raised only in the apical half and here form-
ing between them a dorsal channel which nearly continues, but is a little
wider than, the basal median sulcus, which is rather deeply impressed
but between walls which rise but little above the otherwise nearly
plane surface ; furcula consisting of a pair of minute, sometimes scarcely
perceptible, distant denticulatioris on the outer side of the snbmedian
ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci large and stout, elongated, com-
pressed laminae, mesially narrowed so that the apical portion is snb-
spatulate though not so broad as the base, gently incurved, the tip
rounded but distinctly produced inferiorly, reaching the tip of the
supraanal plate; subgenital plate moderately broad, a little longer
than broad, the lateral and apical margins slightly flaring, the latter
elevated, well rounded and entire.
Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 25.5 mm.; antennae, male, 8.5
mm., female, 10 mm.; tegmina, male, 5 mm., female, 5.75 mm.; hind
femora, male, 12 mm., female, 13.75 mm.
Ten males, 14 females. Portland, Multnoinah County, Oregon, Pack-
ard (U.S.X.M. Kiley collection; S. H. Scudder); Oregon City, Clack -
amas County, Oregon, July, W. G. W. Harford; Soda Springs, Yakima
County, Washington, Wickham (L. Bruiier); Loon Lake, Colville Val-
ley, Washington, July 23, S. Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zoology).
It is stated by Bruner that this species is u to be met with in the
mountains of Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming," and it " appears to
abound only where two or three particular plants are met with, one of
which is a species of geranium. 7 '
The female of this species closely resembles the same sex of M. boreMi,
but has relatively longer antennae, about as long as those of the male ?
and the tegmiua are shorter and more strongly rounded at tip.
NO. 1124. KEFISION OF THE MELAXOPLISCUDDEE. 263
74. MELANOPLUS ROTUNDIPENNIS.
(Plate XVII, fig. 9.)
Pezotettix rotundipennis SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), pp.
86-87; Ent, Notes, VI (1878), pp. 27-28. BRUXER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm.,
Ill (1883), p. 59.
Head flavo-testaceous, the summit deeply infuscated, the whole more
or less mottled with small fuscous spots; antennae dull brownish red,
apically infuscated, at base paler, four-fifths as long as the hind femora.
Pronotum above brownish fuscous mottled slightly with dusky yellow,
the median carina black; lateral lobes brownish yellow below, above
occupied by a broad piceous stripe, running from the eyes nearly to the
middle of the abdomen, broader and with vague boundaries on the
abdomen and partially interrupted by a slender, oblique, brownish yel-
low stripe on the crest of the metathoracic episterna. Tegmina but
little longer than broad, hardly longer than the prozona, rotund, ovate,
black concealed by profuse rufous veins. Legs dull yellowish brown,
the middle and hind femora heavily spotted with black, the hind tibiae
dull fusco- glaucous, pale at base, the spines black beyond the pallid
base, twelve in number in the outer series.
Head not prominent; vertex slightly tumid, a little elevated above
the prouotum, the interspace between the eyes scarcely so broad as the
basal joint of the antennae; fasti gium steeply declivent, shallowly and
broadly sulcate in advance of the eyes; frontal costa moderately broad,
as broad as the interspace between the eyes, shallowly sulcate through-
out, slightly and regularly expanding below, obsolescent next the cly-
peus; eyes large and prominent, nearly twice as long as the infraocular
portion of the genae. Pronotum broadening slightly and regularly
throughout, the prozona distinctly longitudinal, almost twice as long
as the metazona, its surface very faintly and very sparsely punctate,
the median carina sharp but slight and equal; metazona with the
median carina not sharp but rather inconspicuous, the surface of the
lobe both above and on the sides delicately rugulose; lateral carinae
wholly obsolete, the nearly plane disk, passing by a well rounded angle
into the lateral lobes; both front and hind margins subtruncate, the
latter minutely emarginate in the middle. Prosternal spine not very
long, appressed cylindrical, very blunt, a little retrorse; interspace
between mesosternal lobes about twice as long as broad. Extremity
of male abdomen tumid, strongly upcurved; supraanal plate triangular
with subrectaugulate apex, the sides gently convex, gently upturned,
the median sulcus extremely broad, short and shallow; furcula consist-
ing of the slightly produced inner angulation of the widely parted and
diverging halves of the last dorsal segment; cerci rather stout but
laminate, tapering at the very base, beyond nearly equal, moderately
broad, directed inward and backward and bent obliquely a little down-
264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. xx.
ward, at the tip slightly expanded, well rounded and scarcely thick-
ened; subgenital plate very small, subpyramidal, a little longer than
broad, of subequal breadth, the apical margin slightly elevated and a
little full, entire.
Length of body, male, 15.5 mm.; antennae, 8 mm.; tegmina. 3 mm.;
hind femora, 10 mm.
One male. Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida, May 6, J. H. Coin-
stock.
75. MELANOPLUS OBOVATIPENNIS.
(Plate XVII, fig. 10.)
? Pezotettix Jongicornis SAUSSURE, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1861 (1861), p. 159; Orth. Nov.
Ainer., II (1861), p. 9. THOMAS, Rep. U. IS. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 150.
BKUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Coinm., Ill (1883), p. 59.
IPoduma longicorn is WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 718.
Pezotettix rotundipennis BLATCHLEY!, Can. Ent., XXIII (1891), p. 80.
Pezotettix olovatipennis BLATCHLEY!, Can. Eut., XXVII (1894), pp. 241-243.
Brownish fuscous, with a ferruginous tinge. Head prominent, par-
ticularly in the male, varying from plumbeo-olivaceous to ferrugiueo-
testaceous, often much necked with fuscous, and above almost wholly
fa sco -ferruginous or fuscous; vertex rather tumid, elevated a little above
the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather broad, nearly twice
(male) or more than twice (female) as broad as the first antennal joint;
fastigiuin steeply declivent, plane (female) or broadly and shallowly
sulcate, or at least with feebly raised lateral margins (male); frontal
costa equal or subequal, slightly narrower than the interspace between
the eyes, percurrent, very feebly (female) or distinctly (male) sulcate
at and below the ocellus, punctate; eyes large, prominent at least in the
male, much larger than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae
luteo-ferruginous, apical lyinfuscated, as long (male) or more than three-
fourths as long (female) as the hind femora. Pronotum rather long,
faintly (male) or distinctly (female) enlarging posteriorly with much
regularity, the disk blackish fuscous (male) or fusco-ferruginous (female),
the lateral lobes below pallid 1 (male) or luteo-testaceous (female), and
above with a broad piceous band which broadens and becomes feebler
on the metazona; disk broadly convex transversely, passing by a dis-
tinct though smoothed angle into the sub vertical lateral lobes; median
carina equally distinct throughout, scarcely blunter on the prozoua than
on the metazona; front margin truncate, hind margin subtruncate (male)
or truncate (female) ; prozona longitudinal (female) or very longitudinal
(male), fully (male) or nearly (female) twice as long as the distinctly and
closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, a little
appressed conical, blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes
about half as long again as broad (male) or distinctly transverse, only
1 Ivory ^vhite, according to Blatchley, who has seen them in fresh condition.
NO. 1124. EE VISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 265
a little narrower than the lobes themselves (female). Tegmina broad
ovate, shorter than the pronotum, well rounded, varying from a little
longer than broad to fully half as long again as broad, lateral, never
attiugent, uniform brownish fuscous. Mesothoracic epimera piceous
and conspicuous from the light color of the thoracic episterna, which is
that of the lower portion of the lateral lobes. Fore femora of male very
feebly tuinesceut; hind femora ferruginous, more or less cinereous on the
outer face and more or less infuscated on apical half, with feeble cloudy
indications of bifasciate fuscous or deeper ferruginous markings on the
upper face, the under surface luteo-rufous, the geniculatiou black or
blackish ; hind tibiae olivaceous, often more or less infuscated, occasion-
ally red, with a subbasal pallid annulus, the spines black beyond the
pallid base, nine to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity
of male abdomen a little clavate, well recurved, the supraanal plate
long triangular with slightly convex sides, the margins broadly and
feebly raised, the median sulcus percurrent but contracted beyond the
middle, before that rather deep, with sharp but not greatly elevated
walls; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate, somewhat diverging,
cylindrical, tapering, slender, acuminate fingers, reaching a little more
than one-third way across the supraanal plate; cerci rather slender,
mesially contracted to nearly half the extreme basal width by the
arcuation of the upper margin, the lower border being straight, beyond
the middle somewhat enlarged again, the apex roundly truncate, the
whole gently incurved, nearly reaching the tip of the supraanal plate;
infracercal plate almost as long as the supraanal, apically broad; sub-
genital plate small, almost as broad as long, the apical margin not ele-
vated, well rounded as viewed from above, entire.
Length of body, male, 16 mm., female, 29 mm. ; antennae, male, 10 mm.,
female, 10.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 3.5 mm., female, 4.25 mm.; hind fem-
ora, male, 10 mm., female, 13.25 mm.
Twelve males, 14 females. Vigo County, Indiana, W. S. Blatchley
(A. P. Morse; 8. H. Scudder); High Bridge, Jessamine County, Ken-
tucky, October 15, H. Garman ; near Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, Octo-
ber 2, Putnam (Museum Comparative Zoology) ; St. Louis, Missouri
(U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Dallas, Texas (U.S.N.M. Eiley collec-
tion ;-L. Bruner).
Blatchley also reports it from Monroe County, Indiana, and if Saus-
sure's species is the same it is also found in Carolina. Blatchley says
"it reaches maturity about September 1, and frequents for the most
part high, dry, open woods, especially those in which beech and oak
trees predominate ... In late October, if the season is dry, it is
often found . . . among the reeds and tall rank grasses near the
border of marshes."
266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
76. MELANOPLUS JUVENCUS, new species.
(Plate XVIII, fig. 1.)
Pezotettix puer SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), p. 87;
(pars), Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 28.
Brownish fuscous with a ferruginous tinge. Head not prominent^
luteo-testaceous with an olivaceous tinge, flecked feebly with fuscous,
above deeply infuscated ; vertex feebly tumid, scarcely raised above the
level of the pronoturn, the interspace between the eyes no wider than
the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, sulcate throughout;
frontal costa narrow, no wider than the interspace between the eyes,
equal, percurrent, distinctly sulcate excepting above, punctate; eyes
large, prominent, much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae;
antennae dull luteous at base, growing rufescent beyond, apically iiifus-
cated, about three-fifths as long as the hind femora. Pronotum sub-
equal, the disk nearly plane but very broadly tectate, passing by an
abrupt angle, forming a distinct lateral carina, into the slightly tumid,
sub vertical lateral lobes, which are marked above on the prozona by an
exceptionally broad piceous belt, broader on the anterior than on the
posterior section ; median cariua equally distinct throughout; front and
hind margins truncate, the latter feebly emargiuate in the middle;
prozoua longitudinal, very sparsely punctate, almost twice as long as
the finely but obscurely ruguloso-punctate metazoua. Prosternal spine
short, lobate, appressed, very blunt, suberect; interspace between
rnesosternal lobes a little longer than broad, the metasternal lobes
approximate. Tegmina obovate, well rounded, twice as long as broad,
longer than the head and pronotum together, attiugent, uniform dark
castaneous. Fore femora feebly tumescent; hind femora rufo luteous,
olivaceous on the outer face, rather broadly and transversely bifasciate
with fuscous, the whole geniculation blackish; hind tibiae pale, rather
dingy greenish, with a lutescent basal aunulus, the spines black almost
or quite to the base, ten in number in the outer series. Extremity of
male abdomen slightly clavate, a little upturned, the supraanal plate
rather long triangular, the lateral margins slightly elevated, a pair of
short, distant, apical ridges, and the median sulcus rather deep and
conspicuous between sharp and rather high walls extending beyond
the middle of the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of slight denticu.
latious overlying the bases of the submedian ridges of the supraaual
plate; cerci long and rather slender, tapering in the basal third only,
beyond equal nearly to the tip, which is rounded but unequally curved,
forming a blunt angle inferiorly, the whole fully four times as long as
the median breadth, yet scarcely surpassing the tip of the supra-anal
plate, gently incurved apically, the whole lower margin straight; sub-
genital plate small, considerably longer than broad, broader at base
than at apex, the apical margin neither elevated nor prolonged, well
rounded but feebly angulate, entire.
NO. 1124. RE VISION OF THE MEL A NO PL lSC UDDEE. 267
Length of body, male, 17 mm.; antennae, 4.75 mm.; tegmina, 4.75
mm. ; hind femora, 8 mm.
One male. Fort Keed, Orange County, Florida, April 8, J. H. Coin-
stock.
I carelessly included this in Pezotettix puer when originally described,
but the description shows that it could not then have been examined
carefully, for it differs obviously both in the male cerci and in the
tegniiua.
77. MELANOPLUS FASCIATUS.
(Plates I, fig. c; XVIII, figs. 2-4.)
Fesotettix lorealis SCUDDER!, Can. Nat., VII (1868), p. 286; Bost. Journ. Nat.
Hist., VII (1868), p. 464. SMITH. Proc. Portl. Soc. Nat. Hist., I (1868), p.
149. PACKARD, Guide Ins. (1869), p. 569. THOMAS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc.
Philad., 1870 (1870), p. 78; Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1871), p.
265; Rep. U. S. Geol. Surr. Terr., V. (1873), p. 153. SCUDDER!, Hitchc.
Rep. Geol. N. H., I (1874), p. 374; Daws. Geol. Rec. 49th Par. (1875), p.
343. BRUNER, Can. Eut., IX (1877), p. 144. THOMAS, Bull. U. S. Geol.
Surv. Terr., IV (1878), p. 484. GIRARD, Traite E"lcm. d'Ent., II (1879), p.
246. SCUDDER, Can. Eut., XII (1880), p. 75. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent.
Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59; Rep. U. S. Ent., 1885 (1886), p. 307. CAULFIELD,
Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71; Can. Rec. Sc., II (1887), p. 401;
Can. Ortb. (1887), p. 13. FERNALD, X.E.Orth. (1888), pp. 29, 30; Ann. Rep.
Mass. Agric. C XV (1888), pp. 113, 114. MORSE, Psyche, VII (1894), pp.
53, 106.
Acridimn fasciatum BARXSTOX, MS., fide WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus.,
IV (1870), p. 680.
Calopteints fatciatxs WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 680;
Can. Ent., IV (1872), p. 30. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873),
p. 224. CAULFIELD, Can. Rec. Sc., II (1887), p. 401 ; Can. Orth. (1887), p. 14.
Melanoplns rectiis SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), pp. 284,
285 ; Ent. Notes., VI (1878), pp. 43, 44 ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX
(1879), p. 71; Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 60. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm.,
Ill (1888), p. 60. FERNALD, Orth. X. E. (1888), pp. 31, 32; Ann. Rep. Mass.
Agric. Coll., XXV (1888), pp. 115, 116. MORSE, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 53.
Mchinoplns curtiis SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 70-71;
Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 59. BRUNEI*, Rep. U. S. Eut. Comm., Ill (1833), p.
61; Can. Ent., XVII (1885), p. 17; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p.
28. MORSE, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 53.
Mehuioplu* faaciatns CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71.
Melanoplns borealis BEUTENMULLER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI (1894), p.
308.
Of rather small size, dark fusco-plumbeous above, dark clay yellow
below. Head not prominent, dull plumbeous flecked with griseous,
above very dark fuscous with a broad postocular piceous baud ; vertex
moderately tumid, distinctly elevated above the pronetum, the inter-
space between the eyes as broad (male) or nearly half as broad again
(female) as the basal antenna! joint; fastigium strongly declivent, shal-
lowly depressed, but with distinct and somewhat abrupt though rounded
bounding walls, which diverge a very little in front of the eyes and
then converge; frontal costa as broad as the interspace between the
eyes, scarcely contracted above where its face is plane (male) or feebly
268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
tumid (female), at and below the ocellus rather narrowly sulcate, deeper
in the male than in the female, percurrent, punctate ; eyes rather small,
not prominent, longer than the intraocular portion of the geuae; anten-
nae ferruginous, growing lutescent toward the base, dusky toward the
tip, nearly or quite as long (male) or about two thirds as long (female)
as the hind femora. Prouotuui subequal, feebly expanding posteriorly
especially in the female, the disk plano-convex, separated by a well-
rounded but distinct shoulder from the vertical lateral lobes, brownish
fuscous, sometimes fusco-testaceous and then generally punctate with
ferruginous, the upper part of the lateral lobes with a broad piceous
band crossing the prozona and sometimes continued as a feeble dusky
cloud on the inetazona; front border truncate, hind border broadly
obtusangulate, the angle rounded; median carina distinct only on the
rnetazona and at the front of the prozona, elsewhere obsolete or sub-
obsolete; prozoua feebly longitudinal (male) or feebly transverse
(female), a very little longer than the minutely rugulose rnetazona.
Prosternal spine short, stout, blunt, conical, erect; interspace between
inesosternal lobes nearly half as long again as broad (male) or consid-
erably transverse but shorter than the lobes (female). Tegmina either
abbreviated, being one and a half to two and a half times as long as
the pronotum and not nearly reaching the tips of the hind femora,
tapering considerably beyond the basal expansion, sublanceolate and
bluntly subacumiuate (M.f. curtus)-, or far surpassing the hind femora,
broad and subequal, very feebly tapering in the apical half and well
rounded at tip (M. f. volaticw, Plate I, fig. c), wholly brownish fuscous
or cinereo-fuscous, occasionally maculate to a greater or less degree, but
generally slightly in the discoidal area, the anal area sometimes more
cinereous than the rest, especially apically; wings in both forms hyaline
with a scarcely perceptible yellowish tint, more or less densely but
always feebly infumated at the tip, the veins and cross veins of the
apical half blackish fuscous. Hind femora relatively longer in the
female than in the male, dull luteo-testaceous, black at apex and at
extreme base and bifasciate with black or blackish fuscous more or less
broadly and obliquely, rarely transversely, the whole often confused
and more or less blended on the outer face; beneath pale or dull red-
dish; hind tibiae red, usually growing paler toward the base and some-
times almost wholly pale greenish luteous, feebly reddening apically,
the base generally pale or at least paler, with a small fuscous patellar
spot, the spines black except at extreme base, nine to twelve, generally
eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen
strongly clavate, well upturned, the supraaual plate long triangular
with well rounded acutangulate apex, the apical half depressed to a
slightly lower plane, with a broad, equal, deep, median sulcus, bounded
by high and sharp walls in a little more than the basal half; furcula
consisting of a pair of minute, parallel, distant, tubercular teeth, twice
as long as broad, resting outside the ridges of the supraanal plate;
cerci simple, straight, and subequal, being contracted a little in the
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCUDDER. 269
middle, about four times as long as the mean breadth, directed upward
and backward, and the apical upper third incurved and externally
tumid, the tip broadly rounded and often feebly downcurved ; infracer-
cal plates of the same length as thesupraanal; subgenital plate pretty
broad and subequal but longer than broad, the apical margin somewhat
elevated, well rounded, entire. Basal tooth of lower valves of ovipositor
sharp, prominent, triangular, but much longer than broad.
Length of body (M. f. curtus}. male, 18.5 mm., female, 22 mm.; an-
tennae, male, 10 mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 10 mm., female,
9.75 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 11.75 mm. Length of
body (M. f. voldticus), male, 19 mm., female, 20 mm.; antennas, male,
9.75 mm., female, 7.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 17.5 mm., female, 17 mm.;
hind femora, male, 11 mm., female, 12 mm.
One hundred and thirty-five males, 192 females. Loon Lake, Colville
Valley, Washington, July 23, S. Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zool-
ogy) ; Laggan, Alberta, Bean ; The Pas, Saskatchewan Eiver, Rapids of
the Saskatchewan River and Point Wigwam, Lake Winnipeg, Scudder
(Museum Comparative Zoology; S. H. Scudder); Ouster, Black Hills,
South Dakota, Bruner (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Harneys Peak,
Black Hills. South Dakota, 7,000 to 8,000 feet, Bruner (same) ; Colorado,
5,500 feet, Morrison; Colorado, Alpine, September (U.S.N.M. Riley
collection); Eagle Lake, Missouri, Packard (Museum Comparative
Zoology); Charlevoix, Michigan, July 25, Walcott (L. Bruner); Nain,
Labrador, W.M. Reed; Salmouier, Newfoundland, in sphagnum swamps,
August 11-15, R. Thaxter ; Anticosti, A. E. Yerrill, August 1 (Museum
Comparative Zoology); Moosehead Lake, Maine; Norway, Oxford
County, Maine, S. I. Smith; Speckled Mountain, Stoneham, Oxford
County, Maine, August 15, 18 (A. P. Morse; Museum Comparative
Zoology); Mount Sargent, Mount Desert Island, Maine, August; Beth-
lehem, Grafton County, New Hampshire, August 11-24 (S. Henshaw);
White Mountain valleys, New Hampshire, late July (S. Henshaw; S. H.
Scudder); Mount Kearsarge, New Hampshire, 2,000 feet (A. P. Morse);
Lynnfield, Essex County, Massachusetts, August 11 (S. Henshaw);
W T inchendon, Worcester County, Massachusetts, July 4-5 (A. P. Morse) ;
Warwick, Franklin County, Massachusetts, Miss A. M. Edmands
(Museum Comparative Zoology); Dover, Norfolk County, Massachu-
setts, June 26 (same); Dedham, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, June
14, July 17 (same); Milton and Blue Hills, Norfolk County, Massachu-
setts, August 14 (S. Henshaw): Concord, Middlesex County, Massachu-
setts; Waltliain, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, July 24, September
5, 9 (A. P. Morse; S. Henshaw); Sherborn, Middlesex County, Massa-
chusetts, June 25, July 12, 15, August 6 (A. P. Morse; Museum Com-
parative Zoology); Sudbury, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, July
10 (A. P. Morse); Belmont, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, August
(same); Melrose, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, July 23 (S. Hen-
shaw); Forest Hills, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, June 24 (same);
270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
Jamaica Plain, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, August 13, 16 (S. Hen-
shaw; S. H. Scudder); Cape Cod, Massachusetts; Provincetown, Barn-
stable County, Massachusetts, September 5 (A. P. Morse"; Museum Com-
parative Zoology) ; West Chop, Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, July
4-30, August 2-6 (A. P. Morse); Thompson, Windham County, Connec-
ticut, August 4 (same). A specimen (female) in the Rational Museum,
from Alaska perhaps belongs here.
The species has also been reported from Montana (Thomas), north-
west Nebraska (Bruner), Souris River, Assiniboia (Scudder), Lake of
the Woods, Manitoba (Caulfield), Minnesota (Scudder), mountains east
of Middle Park, Colorado (Thomas), and New Jersey (Beutenmiiller).
It therefore occurs in a broad belt along our northern border from the
Atlantic nearly or quite to the Pacific.
As seen in the above description, the species occurs in two forms, a
moderately short-winged form, to which the name Jl/./. curtits (Plate
XV III, figs. 2-3) maybe given (it was once described as citrtits); and
a very long and broad winged form, which may be called JL/. volaticus
(Plates I, fig. c; XVIII, fig. 4). The latter is known only from Michi-
gan, and was brought to my attention by Professor Bruner.
Duriug a recent visit to London, Mr. Samuel Henshaw, to whom I
had given specimens of this species for the purpose, verified by com-
parison with the types in the British Museum their identity with
Walker's Caloptenus fasciatus.
78. MELANOPLUS BOREALIS.
(Plates I, fig.d; XVIII, fig. 5.)
Gryllus grunlandicus KOLLAR, MS., Mus. Vien. (1853), fide FIEBER, Lotos, III,
p. 120.
Caloptcnns loreaUs FIBBER, Lotos, III (1853), p. 120; Syn. Eur. Orth. (1854), p.
20. BRUXNER, Verb. Zool.-Bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1861 (1861), p. 223; Ortb.
Stud. (1861), p. 3. WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 678;
Can. Ent., IV (1872), p. 30. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr.. V (1873),
p. 227. BRUNER, U. S. Ent. Coinm., Ill (1883), p. 59. CAULFIELD, Can.
Rec. Sc., II (1887), p. 401; Can. Ortb. (1887), p. 14.
Pezotettix septentrionalis SAUSSURE, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1861 (1861), p. 159; Ortb.
Nov.Amer.,11 (1861), p. 10. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873),
p. 222. SCUDDER, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75. BRUNKR, Rep. U. S. Ent.
Comin., Ill (1883), p. 58. CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71 ;
Can. Rec. Sc., II (1887), p. 401; Can. Ortb. (1887), p. 13. MORSE, Psyche,
VII (1894), p. 53.
f Caloptenus arcticus WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), pp. 681-682 ;
Can. Entom., IV (1872), p. 30. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873),
p. 226. BRUXER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59. CAULFIELD, Can.
Rec.Sc.,II (1887), p. 401; Can. Ortb. (1887), p. 14.
Podisma septentrionalia WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 718;
Can. Ent., IV (1872), p. 30.
Mdanoplus lorcalia CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71.
SCUDDER!, Psyche, VII (1895), p. 320.
? Mdanoplw arcticus CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Orit., XVIII (1886), p. 71.
Ferrugineo fuscous. Head not at all prominent, very sparsely pilose,
rufo testaceous, sparsely punctate over the whole face and geuae and
NO. 1124. RE riSIOX OF THE MELANOPL1SC UDDER. 271
feebly flecked with fuscous; vertex very feebly tumid, Dot elevated
above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather broad, half
as broad again (male) or more than twice as broad (female) as the first
.aiiteunal joiiit; fastigium moderately declivent, distinctly (male) or very
feebly and broadly (female) silicate throughout; frontal costa about as
broad as the interspace between the eyes, subequal, percurrent, plane
(male) or convex (female) above, the puncta biseriately disposed, feebly
sulcate at and below the ocellus; eyes not large nor prominent, barely
exceeding in length the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae ferru-
ginous, increasingly infuscated beyond the middle, nearly three fourths
(male) or scarcely one half (female) as long as the hind femora. Proiio-
tum short, regularly and noticeably narrowing from behind forward by
the gradual constriction of the upper portion, the lateral lobes being
steeply and obliquely decliveut on the prozona, vertical on the metazona,
separated from the nearly plane disk by a tolerably sharp but rounded
angle; median carina distinct and sharp on the metazona, indistinct
and blunt on the prozona, subobsolete between the sulci; front margin
faintly convex, hind margin obtusaugulate, the angle rounded: prozona
darker on the disk than the metazona, and on the lateral lobes furnished
with a broad piceous postocular band, the disk quadrate (male) or
transverse (female), scarcely (male) or not (female) longer than the
subruguloso punctate metazona. Prosterual spine moderately long,
appressed conico-cylindrical, blunt, retrorse (male) or short, stout,
strongly appressed cylindrical, blunt, suberect (female); interspace
between inesosternal lobes feebly transverse, narrower than the lobes
themselves in both sexes. Tegmiua attaining the tips of the hind
femora, moderately broad, tapering, well rounded apically, ruddy fus-
cous, with feeblest possible sparse rnaculation in the discoidal area;
wings not very broad, pellucid, with apically fuscous veins. Fore
femora of male scarcely tuniescent; hind femora dull ferruginous,
broadly bifasciate with blackish fuscous, often more or less confluent
on the outer face, the genicular arc black; hind tibiae red, the spines
black throughout, ten to eleven in number in the outer series. Extrem-
ity of male abdomen clavate, upturned, the supraanal plate long trian-
gular, the apex acutangulate, the basal half of the sides turned upward
and in the middle contracted, with a broad, deep, triangular sulcus in
the basal half, bounded by high but rounded walls which unite in the
middle of the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of adjacent, parallel,
slender, tapering, acuminate, slightly depressed fingers, nearly reach-
ing the middle of the supraaual plate; cerci feebly falciform, tapering
a little in less than the basal half, the tip a little produced but rounded,
the outer surface plane and rather coarsely punctate, not attaining the
tip of the supraaual plate; subgeuital plate moderately broad, but con-
siderably longer than broad, apically elevated and prolonged, the
apical margin broadly rounded, subtransverse. and entire.
Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 24 mm.; antenna?, male, 7.5
272 PROCEEDINGS OF TEE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
mm., female, G min. ; tegmina, male, 14 mm., female, 15 mm.; hind
femora, male, 10.2 mm., female, 12.2 mm.
Seven males, G females. Coast of Labrador, beyond the timber line,
at latitude 59 north, Jewell D. Sornberger (specimens collected in
spirits).
Fieber also reports it from Greenland and North Cape, Norway. It is,
however, not included in the European fauna either by H. Fischer or by
B runner von Wattenwyl; yet Fieber credits specimens to the Vienna
Museum, in which city Brunner lives. Hofrath Bruuner writes me that
he possesses specimens from Labrador, Hudson Bay, and Valdivia,
Chile. I can not forbear expressing a doubt about the accuracy of this
last locality.
As Melanoplus and Podisma are the genera of Melanopli most abun-
dant in forms and most widely spread, the former being especially true
of Melanoplus, and as the present form is the species of Melanoplus
most nearly allied to Podisma, and, like most of the species of the
latter genus, is peculiar to high latitudes or altitudes, it seems proper
to regard M. borealis as an archaic form, perhaps more nearly than any
other resembling the original form from which the Melanopli as a whole
have descended.
Mr. Samuel Henshaw recently compared for me a female specimen of
this species from Labrador with Walker's type of Caloptenus arcticus
in the British Museum. He found them to agree except in length of
wings, which in Walker's specimen, a unique, "extend slightly beyond
the abdomen ;" the prosterual spine was the same. I have accordingly
introduced it in the synonymy with a question mark; if it belongs here
the range of the species should be extended to whatever point it may
have been in "Arctic America" that Doctor Kae collected his specimen.
The specimens which I have seen were taken by Mr. Sornberger
August 15-1G at the Esquimaux village of Kama. He tells me that
they were all taken on the banks of a mountain brook fed by the melt-
ing snows of the summit near by. They were most abundant where
the vegetation was most luxuriant at the boulers of the brook; none
were found below an elevation of 200 feet nor above 1,500 feet, at which
altitude herbaceous plants became few and scattering. Mr. Sornber-
ger can not say upon what it fed, but it was not found on any of
the shrubby plants common there Betula, Vaccinium, Ledum, Salix,
Eiupetriim, etc., though he thinks he saw it on some of the Cyperaceae.
18. ALLEXI SEKIES.
In this small series the prozona of the male is slightly longitudinal,
and the interspace between the mesosternal lobes in the same sex only
a little longer than broad. The antennae are very long. The tegmina
are always abbreviate, but vary considerably, being either elliptical,
attingent, and about as long as the pronotum, or lanceolate, overlap
ping and reaching a little beyond the middle of the hind femora. The
NO. 11 24. REVISION OF THE HELANOPLISCrDDER. 213
latter are rather short, and the hind tibiae either red or glaucous, with
nine to eleven spines in the outer series.
The supraanal plate is triangular, with raised margins; the furcula
consists of a pair of slight and distant or very distant projections; the
cerci are stout and heavy, two or three times as long as broad, mesially
contracted and apically augulate; the subgenital plate is broad,
broader than long by the greater or less elevation of the entire and
well-rounded apical margin.
There are but two species known, of medium size, one from New
Mexico and the other from Iowa and Dakota.
79. MELANOPLUS ALLENI, new species.
(Plate XVIII, fig. 6.)
Of medium size, blackish fuscous, with a ferruginous tinge. Head
not prominent, ferrugineo- testaceous more or less infuscated, above with
a broad, enlarging, median, fuscous stripe, and a broad piceous postoc-
ular band; vertex rather tumid, a little elevated above the pronotum,
the interspace between the eyes fully half as broad again as the firsc
an tenual joint; fastigium rapidly declivent, very feebly and very broadly
sulcate; frontal costa percurrent, subequal, a little narrower above,
about as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly sulcate at
and below the ocellus, biseriately punctate above; eyes rather large
and prominent, much longer than the iufraocular portion of the genae;
antennae ferruginous, almost as long as the hind femora. Pronotum
subequal but slightly enlarging on the rnetazona, with a broad piceous
postocular band confined to the prozona, but sometimes appearing very
faintly on the metazona, the disk broadly convex and passing by a
rounded shoulder nowhere forming lateral carinae into the anteriorly
faintly tumid vertical lateral lobes; median carina distinct on the
metazoua, subobsolete or obsolete on the prozona; front margin trun-
cate, hind margin very obtusangulate; prozona longitudinally sub-
quadrate, about a third longer than the densely and finely punctate
metazoua. Prosternal spine short, stout, conical ; interspace between
inesosternal lobes slightly longer than broad. Tegmina moderately
abbreviate, reaching a little beyond the middle of the hind femora,
moderately broad at base, tapering distinctly and pretty uniformly to
a strongly rounded tip, ferrugiueo- fuscous. Fore and middle femora
considerably tumid in the male ; hind femora moderately short but not
very stout, flavo-testaceous, obliquely bifasciate with fuscous, the under
surface pale carmine, the whole geniculation fuscous; hind tibiae pale
red, infuscated at base with a pale annulus beyond, the spines black
beyond their base, ten to eleven in number in the outer series. Ex-
tremity of male abdomen clavate, strongly recurved, the supraanal plate
triangular, with acutangulate apex, feebly and narrowly compressed
mesially, with a transverse median plica, tho margins broadly and con-
siderably elevated, the median sulcus percurrent between moderately
Proc. N. M. vol. xx 18
274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
high and rather sharp walls; furcula consisting of a pair of minute, dis-
tant denticulations ; cerci moderately broad and stout at base, gradu-
ally narrowing to two-thirds the width in the middle, beyond very
faintly enlarging, the tip rounded but slightly augulate, the whole sub
erect, feebly incurved, and only apically strongly compressed, fully as
long as the supraanal plate; subgenital plate as broad as long by the
considerable rounded elevation of the apical margin, which has a
scarcely perceptible thickening, is entire, and, as seen from above,
regularly and strongly arcuate, with no lateral angles, the base of the
lateral margins rectangulate, slightly incurved.
Length of body, male, 17nim.; antennae, 10 mm. ; tegmina, 9 mm. ; hind
femora, 10.75 mm.
Two males. Crawford County, Iowa, July 13-24, J. A. Allen ; explor-
ations in Dakota under General Sully, S. M. Eothhaminer.
This species is very closely related to Mel. fasciatiiSj but has an api-
cally broader, less thickened, and regularly arcuate subgenital plate,
and slightly different cerci, these being considerably broader at base
than apically. It is named for my ornithological friend, Mr. J. A. Allen,
of the American Museum of Natural History, who many years ago
obtained for me much of the material on which this memoir is based.
80. MELANOPLUS SNOWII, new species.
(Plate XVIII, fig. 7.)
Of medium size, moderately stout, dark brownish fuscous. Head
not prominent, pallid testaceous more or less begrimed with fuscous,
above almost wholly fuscous, separated by a pallid testaceous streak
from the broad piceous postoeular band; vertex somewhat tumid, ele-
vated slightly above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes
nearly (male) or fully (female) half as broad again as the first antenna!
joint; fastigium gently declivent, broadly and in the female slightly
silicate; frontal costa fading before the clypeus, equal, nearly (male) or
quite (female) as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly sul-
cate at and briefly below the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes moder-
ately large, moderately and in the two sexes equally prominent, but
little longer than the intraocular portion of the genae ; antennae basally
ferruginous. Prouotum feebly and gradually enlarging from in front
posteriorly, the disk blackish fuscous with lateral stripes of pallid testa-
ceous at least in the male, the lateral lobes testaceous or ferruginous,
with a very broad piceous postocular band confined to the prozona;
disk considerably convex, passing by a slight shoulder (better marked
in the female than in the male and forming feeble lateral cariuae) into
the tumid but inferiorly vertical lateral lobes ; median cariua low but
tolerably distinct, equal, percurrent; front margin truncate, hind mar-
gin rotundato-obtusangulate; prozona longitudinal (male) or quadrate
(female), nearly a half (male) or about a fourth (female) longer than the
shallowly but closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine stout and not
NO. 1124. EEriSIOX OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEE. 275
very long, appressed conical, blunt, erect; interspace between mesoster-
nal lobes a little longer than broad (male) or distinctly transverse but
narrower than the lobes (female). Tegmina abbreviate, about as long as
the pronotum, attingent, elliptical, but attenuate basally, well rounded
apically, a little less than twice as long as broad, dark brownish fuscous.
Fore and middle femora somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora not
very slender, blackish fuscous on the upper two-thirds of the outer
face inclosing a small median testaceous spot, fuscous on the upper face
externally, with the outer carina dull flavous, the inner face and inner
half of upper face flavous more or less broadly bimaculate or bifasciate
with fuscous, the lower third of outer face flavous, becoming pale orange
below like the lower face, the genicular arc black and the lower genicu-
lar lobe more or less infuscated; hind tibiae pale red or glaucous, pallid
at extreme base, the spines black on the apical half, nine to eleven in
number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen strongly
clavate, strongly recurved, the supraanal plate concealed in the single
specimen seen ; furcula consisting of a pair of very distant, very slight,
parallel spines, shorter than the last dorsal segment; cerci large and
broad, wholly inbent, subequal laminae, somewhat and not very broadly
constricted in the middle, the apical portion as broad as and longer than
the basal, and broadly and angularly sulcate, apically angulate, the
whole somewhat more than twice as long as broad ; subgenital plate
somewhat longer than the basal breadth, subequal except for the ele-
vation of the apical margin, which, as seen from above, is transverse,
entire, and makes the apical breadth equal to the length.
Length of body, male, 17.5 mm., female, 22.5 mm.; tegmiua, male and
female, 4.5 mm. ; hind femora, male and female, 11 mm.
One male, 1 female. Magdalena, Socorro County, New Mexico, July,
F. H. Snow (University of Kansas).
The antennae of both specimens are imperfect. The species is named
for Chancellor F. H. Snow, of the University of Kansas, and Mr. W. A.
Snow, of the same institution, father and son, entomologists of note.
19. FEMUE-EUBEUM SEEIES.
This is a dominant and homogeneous group of medium or rather small-
sized species, in which the male prozona varies from slightly transverse
to slightly longitudinal, and the interspace between the niesosternal
lobes in the same sex is as in the spretus series. The tegmiua are
always fully developed or a little abbreviated (so as to fall a little
short of the tip of the hind femora), immaculate or slightly maculate
along the middle line. The hind tibiae are normally red and have ten
to fourteen spines in the outer series.
The supraanal plate is clypeate, longer than broad and mesially con-
stricted. The furcula consists of a pair of parallel or nearly parallel,
long or moderately long, generally separated, slender, tapering, sub-
cylindrical fingers or spines. The cerci are compressed subfalcate
276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
laminae, the apical half generally about half as broad as the base,
arcuate and with the upper inner portion of the tip produced. The
subgenital plate is peculiar for being very broad at base and narrowing
so as to be at apex only about half as broad as at base (which does not
show in the figures), the whole lower margin nearly straight while the
upper is sinuous, the apical margin not elevated, entire (in one species
very broadly and shallowly emarginate, or rather laterally tuberculate)
and, as viewed above, broadly rounded.
The species, five in number, are spread all over the continent from
Atlantic to Pacific, from central Labrador to central Florida, and from
central Alaska, the Mackenzie Kiver and Hudson Bay to Texas and
central Mexico; they also extend to high altitudes above the forest line.
No other series of Melanoplus has quite so wide an area of distribution,
the bivittatus- series, however, approaching it closely.
81. MELANOPLUS PLUMBEUS.
(Plate XVIII, fig. 8.)
Caloptenus plumbum DODGE!, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 112. THOMAS, Rep. U. S.
Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 42. BRUNER, ibid., Ill (1883), p. 60.
Melanoplus plumbeus BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XVIII (1893),
pp. 32-33, fig. 16; Publ. Nebr. Acad. So., Ill (1893), p. 28.
Of medium size, very dark fusco- olivaceous, with bright luteous or
flavous markings. Head feebly prominent, mostly luteous or flavous,
more or less infusca>ted above and especially clouded or flecked with
fuscous along the lateral margins of the fastigium and posterior to
them, and with a blackish postocular band; vertex somewhat tumid,
the interspace between the eyes nearly (male) or more than (female)
half as broad again as the first anteunal joint; fastigium steeply decliv-
ent, feebly expanding anteriorly, shallowly sulcate throughout; frontal
costa somewhat prominent above, slightly contracted between the
antennae, otherwise subequal and as wide as the interspace between
the eyes, hardly reaching the clypeus, feebly sulcate at and below the
ocellus, biseriately punctate throughout; eyes moderately large, not
very prominent, distinctly longer, especially in the female, than the
infraocular portion of the geuae; antennae more or less ferruginous,
apically infuscated, less than three- fourths (male) or hardly more than
one-half (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, very
feebly and uniformly expanding posteriorly, especially in the female,
the disk dark fusco-olivaceous, with a slender, median, flavous stripe
and more or less distinct lateral stripes of the same upon the carinae,
expanding upon the metazona, the lateral lobes mostly flavous (some-
times obscured with fuscous), the prozona marked above with a broad
piceous band; disk nearly plane, passing by abruptly rounded shoul-
ders, hardly forming true carinae, into the vertical lateral lobes ; median
carina distinct but slight throughout, hardly less elevated on the pro-
zona; front margin truncate, hind margin obtusangulate; prozoua
NO. 11 24. RE VISION OF THE MELA N PLISC UDDER. 277
quadrate or feebly longitudinal (male) or a little transverse (female),
scarcely or not longer than the closely punctate metazona. Prosternal
spine moderately long, erect, cylindrical, in the female slightly appressed,
blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes fully half as long again
as broad (male) or feebly transverse (female). Tegmina generally sur-
passing a little the hind femora, of moderate breadth, distinctly tapering,
olivaceo-fuscous, immaculate or with a feeble line of minute maculations
along the discoidal area; wings hyaline, glistening and iridescent, with
pale fuscous veins darker next the apex. Fore and middle femora
scarcely tumid in the male; hind femora blackish olivaceous on the
outer face excepting sometimes on the lower margin, elsewhere flavous
or luteo-flavous,with two broad blackish olivaceous maculatious above,
especially on the inner side; hind tibiae feebly valgate, red, the spines
black excepting at base, eleven to thirteen in number in the outer
series. Extremity of male abdomen considerably clavate, somewhat
recurved, the supraanal plate subclypeate but mesially contracted,
apically rectaugulate, the margins considerably elevated, forming
deep valleys between them and the opposite curved ridges border-
ing the median sulcus; the latter is deep, gradually contracts toward
the middle and then rapidly expands and shallows (in the specimen
chosen for illustration the apical portion is concealed); furcula consist-
ing of a pair of basally adjacent, apically tapering, parallel, acuminate
fingers, nearly half as long as the supraanal plate, lying in the valleys
of the same; cerci subfalciform lamellae, which taper rapidly in the
basal half and beyond are less than half as broad, slightly incurved
and upcurved, apically tapering by the curve of the lower margin, the
tip blunt and falling short of the extremity of the supraanal plate;
subgenital plate broad at base, narrowing rapidly, the extremity hardly
more than half as broad as the base, the lateral margins strongly arcu-
ate, the apical margin even, entire, well rounded.
Length of body, male 20 mm., female 25 mm. ; antennae, male 8.5 mm.,
female 6.75 mm.; tegmina, male 17 mm., female 17.5 mm.; hind femora,
male 12 mm., female 13.25 mm.
Fifteen males, 29 females. Colorado, 5,500 feet, Morrison (S. Hen-
shaw; S. H. Scudder; U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Pueblo, Colorado,
4,700 feet, August 30-31; Colorado Springs, El Paso County, Colorado,
August, E. S. Tucker (University of Kansas); Manitou, El Paso
County, Colorado (L. Bruner); Topeka, Shawnee County, Kansas,
October 31 ; Nebraska, Dodge.
I )odge originally described it from Glencoe, Dodge County, Nebraska,
and it has since been recorded by Bruner from Canyon City, Fremont
County, Colorado, and the plains of Wyoming.
This species, especially in life, is strikingly different from the next
two in coloring, though the male abdominal appendages are exceedingly
similar. According to Bruner. it is more clumsy in its movements than
M. femur -nibrutn.
278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX,
82. MELANOPLUS FEMUR-RUBRUM.
(Plates I, fig. ft; XIX, figs. 1-4.)
Acridiumfemur-rubrumDEGEERl, Me"m. Hist. Ins., Ill (1773), p. 498, pi. XLII, fig.
5. GOEZE, De Geer, Gesch. Ins., Ill (1780), p. 324, pi. XLIII, fig. 5. HARKIS,
Hitchc. Rep. Mass. (1833), p. 583; ibid., 2ded. (1835), p. 576; Cat. Anim. Mass,
(1835), p. 56; Treat. Ins. Inj. Veg. (1841, 1842), p. 141 ; ibid., 2d ed. (1852), p.
151 ; ibid., 3d ed. (1862), p. 174.
Gryllus (Locusta) femur-rubrum GOEZE, Ent. Beytr., II (1778), p. 115.
Gryllus (Locusta} erythropus GMELIN, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, Pt. iv (1788), p. 2086.
Acridium femorale OLIVIER, Enc. M6th., VI (1791), p. 228.
Gryllus erythropus TURTON, Syst. Nat. Linn., II (1806), p. 568.
Caloptenus femur-rubrum BURMEISTER, Haiidb. Eutom., II (1838), p. 638. PACK-
ARD, Rep. Nat. Hist. Me., 1861 (1861), p. 374. SCUDDER, Can. Nat., VII (1802),
p. 287; Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VII (1862), p. 464. WALSH, Trans. 111. St.
Agric. Soc., V (1865), p. 497; Pract. Ent., II (1866), p. 1. GLOVER, Rep. U. S.
Dep. Agric., 1867 (1867), p. 65. PACKARD, Amer. Nat., I (1867), p. 330. SCUD-
DER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XII (1868), p. 87. SMITH, Proc. Portl. Soc.
Nat. Hist., I (1868), p. 150. WALSH, Rep. Ins. 111., 1 (1868), p. 99. WALSH,
RILEY, Amer. Ent., I (1868), p. 16. PACKARD, Guide Ins. (1869), p. 569.
R[ATHVON], Amer. Ent., II (1869-70), p. 88. WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit.
Mus., IV(1870), p. 678. GLOVER, Rep. U. S. Dep. Agric., 1870 (1870), p. 76, fig.
32; ibid., 1871 (1871), p. 78, fig. 12. KOPPEN, Peterm. Geogr. Mitth., 1871
(1871), p. 361. THOMAS, Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1871), p. 265;
(pars), ibid., V (1872), p. 451. DODGE, Can. Ent., IV (1872), p. 15. SMITH,
Rep. Conn. Bd. Agric., 1872 (1872), pp. 362, 381, fig. WALKER, Can. Ent., IV
(1872), p. 30. LEBARON, Ann. Rep. Nox. Ins. 111., II (1872), p. 158. SCUD-
DER, Fin. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. (1872), pp. 250, 252, 253-257. GLOVER,
111. N. A. But., Orth. (1872), pi. v, fig. 11, pi. vui, fig. 2; Rep. U. S. Dep.
Agric., 1872 (1872), p. 121; ibid., 1873 (1873), p. 136, fig. 6. THOMAS (pars),
Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 163. PACKARD, Amer. Nat., VIII
(1874), p. 502. RILEY, Ann. Rep. Ins. Mo., VII (1875), p. 126, figs. 26, 29.
BETHUNE, Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc, Out., 1874 (1875), fig. 33. THOMAS, Key 111.
Orth. (1875), p. 3; Proc. Dav. Acad. Sc., I (1876), p. 260; Bull. 111. Mus.
Nat. Hist., I (1876), p. 68. WHITMAN, Grasshopper (1876), pp. 18-19, 2 figs.
RILEY, Rep. Ins. Mo., VIII (1876), pp. 114-118, 153; ibid., IX (1877), p. 86;
LOG. Plague (1877), pp. 14-17, 27, figs. 1, 4. BESSEY, Biemi. Rep. Iowa Agric.
Coll., VII (1877), p. 209. PACKARD, Amer. Nat., XI (1877), p. 422. RILEY,
ibid., XI (1877), p. 665. BRUNER, Can. But., IX (1877), p. 144. THOMAS, Rep.
Ent. 111., VI (1877), p. 45; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., IV (1878), p. 499;
Rep. U. S. Ent. Comrn., I (1878), pp. 50-52; Aim. Rep. Chief Eug., 1878 (1878),
p. 1845. PACKARD, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., 1(1878), pp. 77, 135, [141-144].
RILEY, ibid., I (1878), pp. 220, 224, 225, 226, 284, 299, 444-446, 447, 458, pi. 11;
Amer. Nat., XII (1878), p. 285. THOMAS, Rep. Ent. 111., VII (1878), pp. 35,
38-40, figs. 5, 7. GIRARD, Trait6 dle'm. d'ent., II (1879), p. 248. RILEY, Amer.
Ent., Ill (1880), p. 220. THOMAS, Rep. Ent. 111., IX (1880), pp. 91, 95-96,
124-126, figs. 22-23; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., II (1881), pp. 106-107. PACKARD,
Amer. Nat., XV (1881), pp. 285-302, 372-379, pl.i; Nat. Leis. Hour, V (1881),
No. 4, p. 8, figs. BOWLES, Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Out., 1880(1881), p. 29, fig. 11.
LINTNER, Ins. Clover (1881), p. 5 ; Ann. Rep. Ins. N. Y., I (1882), p. 7, fig. 3b.
GRATACAP, Amer. Nat., XVI (1882), p. 1022. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm.,
Ill (1883), pp. 10, 14, 54. SAUNDERS, Ins. Inj. Fruit (1883), p. 157, fig. 164,-
OSBORN, Bull. Iowa Agric. Coll., Dept. Ent., II (1884), p. 83. BRUNER, Rep.
U. S. Eut., 1884 (1885), p. 399. CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1.8HH),
pp. 66, 67, fig. 20. COOK, Ent. Amer., I (1886), p. 209; Beal's Grasses N. A., I
NO. 1124. EE VISION OF THE MELANOPLISC UDDER. 279
(1887), pp. 373, 396, 409, fig. 157. RILEY, Ins. Life, I (1888), p. 87. WEED,
Bull. Ohio Exp. St., Techu. Ser.,I (1889), p. 40. LUGGER, Rep. Agric. Exp.
St. Miuii. (1889), p. 339, figs. 12, It; Bull. Agric. Exp. St. Minn., VIII (1889),
pp. 32, 33, pi. ii. MANX, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., II (1890), p. 73. PACKARD,
Ins. Inj. For. (1890), p. 513. RILEY, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXV
(1891), pp. 27-28, fig. 5. OSBORX, Goss, Bull. Iowa Exp. St., XIV (1891),
p. 175. HOWARD, Ins. Life, VII (1895), p. 274. WILLCOX, Bull. Mus. Comp.
ZooL, XXVII (1895), pp. 9-28, pis. m-v; ibid., XXIX (1896), pp. 193-203,
pis. i-ni.
Acridium (Caloptenua) femur-rubrum DE HAAN, Bijdr. Kenn. Orth. (1842), p. 143.
RATHVON, Rep. U. S. Dep. Agric., 1862 (1862), p. 384, pi., fig. 23.
Pezotettix (Melanoplus) femur-rubrum STAL, Rec. Orth., I (1873), p. 79.
Melanoplus femur-rubrum SCUDDER!, Hitchc. Rep. Geol. N. H., I (1874), p. 375;
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), pp. 285, 287; Ent. Notes, VI (1878),
pp. 44,46; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., II (1881), App., p. 24. BRUNER, ibid.,
III (1883), p. 60; Can. Ent., XVII (1885), p. 17; (pars), Bull. Washb. Coll.,
I (1885), p. 137. FLETCHER, Rep. Ent. Can., 1885 (1885), p. 10, fig. 2. CAUL-
FIELD, Can. Ent., XVIII (1886), p. 212. RILEY, Rep. U. S. Ent., 1885 (1886)-
p. 233. BRUXER, ibid., 1885 (1886), pp. 303,307; Bull. Div. Ent, U.S. Dep.
Agric., XIII (1887), p. 33; Rep.Eiit. Nebr. Bd. Agric., 1888 (1888), p. 88, tig.
5. CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1888), p. 71. COMSTOCK, Intr.
Ent. (1888), pp. 108, 110, figs. 83, 98. FERNALD, Orth. N. E. (1888), pp. 31, 33;
Ann. Rep. Mass. Agric. Coll., XXV (1888), pp. 115, 117. FLETCHER, Rep. Exp.
Farms Can., 1888 (1889), p. 63, fig. 6; Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc, Ont., XIX (1889),
p. 10, fig. 7. RILEY, Ins. Life, II (1889), p. 87. DAVIS, Ent, Amer., V (1889)
p. 81. SMITH, Cat. Ins. N. J. (1890), p. 412. LIXTNER, Rep. Ins. N. Y., VI
(1890), pp. 151-153, fig. 23. KOEBELE, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agric., XXII
(1890), p. 94. TOWXSEXD, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., II (1891), p. 43. BLATCH-
LEY, Can. Ent., XXIII (1891), p. 98. BRUNER, ibid., XXIII (1891), p. 194;
Ins. Life, III (1891), p. 229; ibid., IV (1891), p. 22; Rep. Ent. Soc. Oiit.,XXII
(1891), pp. 48-49. SOUTHWICK, Ins. Life, IV (1891), p. 24. COOK, ibid., IV
(1891), p. 24. WEBSTER, ibid., IV (1891), p. 24. SOUTHWICK, Rep. Ent. Soc.
Ont., XXII (1891), p. 5. COOK, ibid., XXII (1891), p. 5. WEBSTER, ibid.,
XXII (1891), p. 5. BRUXER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXIII (1891),
p. 59. MCXEILL, Psyche, VI (1891), p. 74. OSBORN, Goss, Bull. Iowa Agric.
Exp. St., XV (1891), p. 267. BRUXER, Ann. Rep. St. Bd. Agric. Nebr., 1891
(1891), pp. 243, 306, fig. 80; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXVII (1892), pp.
24, 33. OSBORN, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sc., I, Pt. n (1892), p. 118. KELLOGG, Inj.
Ins. Kans. (1892), pp. 41-42. SMITH, Bull. N. J. Exp. St., XC (1892), pp. 4, 6,
31, fig. 4f. SCUDDER, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XXIII (1893), p. 75. BRUNER,
Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 28; Rep. Nebr. St. Bd. Agric., 1893 (1893;,
pp. 458-459, fig. 98. OSBORX, Ins. Life, V (1893), pp. 323-325; ibid., VI
(1893), pp. 80-81; Papers Iowa Ins. (18G3), p. 57," fig. 27. SMITH, Ent. News,
IV (1893), p. 48. TOWXSEXD, Ins. Life, VI (1893), p. 31. BRUNER, Bull. Div.
Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXVIII (1893), pp. 30-32, fig. 15; ibid., XXX (1893),
p. 35; Rep. St. Agric. Soc. Nebr., 1894 (1894), pp. 163, 205, fig. 68. ASHMEAD,
Ins. Life, VII (1894), p. 26. MORSE, Psyche, VII (1894), pp. 53, 106. BEUTEN-
MULLER, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI (1894), p. 306, pi. vm, fig. 7.
COCKERELL, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX (1894), p. 337. BRUNER, Nebr. St.
Hort. Rep., 1895 (1895), p. 69. COMSTOCK, Elem. Ins. Anat. (1895), pp. 8-27;
Man. Study Ins. (1895), p. 110, fig. 120. LIXTNER, Rep. St. Mus. N. Y., XL VIII
(1895), pp. 440-443, fig. 19. WILLCOX, Observer, VII (1896), pp. 184-192,
figs. 1-4, 6-9, 11-16.
CaJoptent(8 derorator SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII (1875), pp. 474-
475 ; Ent. Notes, IV (1875), pp. 73-74 ; Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 18-19. THOMAS,
Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 42.
280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XX.
Caloptenus sanguinolentua PROVAXCHER!, Nat. Can., VIII (1876), p. 109.
Caloptenus atlanis PROVAXCHER!, Faune Ent. Can., II (1877), p. 35.
Pezotettix femnr-rubrum STAL, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V (1878), No. 9,
p. 13. FORBES, Rep. Ins. 111., XIII (1884), pp. 62, 87, pi. x, fig. 1; ibid., XIV
(1885), p. 23. WEED, Misc. Ess. Econ. Ent. 111. (1886), p. 48. HUNT, ibid.
(1886), pp. 119, 126. WEED, Rep. Ent. 111., XV (1889), p. 40. GARMAX, Orth.
Ky. (1894), pp. 3, 8.
Melanoplm interior SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 71-72;
Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 60-61. BRUNER, Rep. U S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883),
p. 61.
Melanoplus devorator SCUDDER, Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 84.
Caloptenus (Melanoplus} femur-riorum CAULFIELD, Can. Rec. Sc., II (1887), p. 401;
Can. Orth. (1887), p. 17.
f\ Of medium size, brownish fuscous, often with a more or less feeble
ferruginous tinge, particularly in the female. Head a little prominent,
olivaceo plumbeous, above much infuscated, especially in a pair of wid-
ening stripes behind the lateral margins of the fastigium, and with a
piceous postocular stripe ; interspace between the eyes distinctly wider
than (male) or fully twice as wide as (female) the first anteunal joint;
fastigium strongly declivent, considerably (male) or shallowly (female)
sulcate, but variable; frontal costa just failing to reach the clypeus,
subequal, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, sulcate at and
below the ocellus, biseriately punctate above; eyes moderately prom-
inent in the male, not at all so in the female, much longer, especially
in the male, than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae fer-
ruginous or luteo-ferruginous, often a little infuscated apically, about
four-fifths (male) or three-fifths (female) as long as the hind femora.
Pronotum feebly and rather regularly expanding posteriorly, the disk
faintly convex and passing by a well-rounded shoulder (somewhat
abruptly on the metazona) into the anteriorly tumid vertical lateral
lobes, the disk generally darker than the lower portion of the lat-
eral lobes (occasionally by a darker punctation) sometimes irregularly
marked with luteous, the upper part of the lateral lobes crossed by a
broad piceous band on the prozona, the lower portion more or less
closely copying the_^pjoring of the face but usually a little darker;
median carina slight, percufrent, a little (rarely much) less distinct on
the prozona than on the metazona; front margin subtruncate, very
faintly and very narrowly flaring, at least in the male; hind margin
obtusangulate, more obtusely in the female than in the male; prozoua
quadrate or feebly longitudinal (male) or feebly transverse, rarely quad-
rate (female), slightly or not longer than the closely but shallowly
punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather large, appressed cylindrical,
very blunt, often niesially constricted a little, feebly retrorse; interspace
between inesosternal lobes nearly twice as long as broad (male) or a
little longer than broad (female). Tegmina (Plate I, fig. // ) almost invari-
ably surpassing, sometimes but slightly, more often considerably, the
hind femora, of moderate breadth, distinctly though very gradually
tapering, brownish fuscous, sometimes immaculate, sometimes sprinkled
KO.H24. REVISION OF THE VELASOPLISCUDDER. 281
with fuscous dots of greater or less depth and distinctness throughout
the greater part of the discoidal area, but rarely to any considerable
extent or conspicuousuess beyond the middle; wings moderately broad,
hyaline, glistening, with fuscous veins and cross veins darkest apically
and anteriorly. Thoracic pleura piceous or blackish fuscous, the meta-
thoracic episterna with a mesial streak of flavous of greater or less
clarity. Fore and middle femora distinctly but not greatly tumid in
the male; hind femorai olivaceo- testaceous, more or less heavily and
very variably obscured or clouded with fuscous, the fuscous coloring
generally confined to the upper half, and above generally concentrated
in two fasciae, which sometimes extend partly in an oblique direction
on the outer face, but generally in a very obscure fashion, if at all,
while the whole under surface and at least the basal half of the inner
surface is more or less impure flavous, sometimes deepening, especially
beneath, to ferruginous or even carmine; hind tibiae normally red,
sometimes with a slight fuscous patellar spot, occasionally more or
less tinged with yellowish, very rarely pale green with a yellowish
tinge, the spines black nearly to their base, ten to thirteen, usually
eleven, in number in th.e outer series. Extremity of male abdomen
rather strongly clavate, well recurved, the supraanal plate clypeate,
strongly and rather abruptly contracted mesially. the apex subreet-
angulate, the lateral margins elevated, the apical portion more or less
cleflexed, the median sulcus rather large, not very deep, bounded by
moderate but rather abrupt walls, apically expanding and obsoles-
cent; furcula consisting of a pair of subparallel or sometimes feebly
divergent, tapering, subacuminate, apjcally well separated, more or
less feebly depressed fingers, falling a little short of the middle of the
supraanal plate, and except at extreme base lying on the outer side of
the ridges bounding its median sulcus; cerci rudely subfalciform, com-
pressed laminae, tapering considerably and rather rapidly from base to
middle, beyond that subequal but apically very obliquely truncate, so
that the upper angle is considerably produced but blunt, the whole
somewhat incurved and failing to reach the tip of the supraaual plate;
infracercal plates exceedingly broad at base, extending laterally far
beyond the sides of the cerci, as long as the supraanal plate; subgeni-
tal plate very short apically so as to be less than half the breadth of
the base, the lower margin straight, the lateral margin very sinuous,
the apical margin not elevated, strongly rounded, entire.
Length of body, male, 23.5 mm., female, 24.5 mm.; antennae, male,
10 mm., female, 8.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 21.5 mm., female, 19.75 mm.;
hind femora, male, 13 mm., female, 14.25 mm.
Five hundred and seven males, 556 females. Halifax, Nova Scotia,
H. Piers; Montreal, Canada, Caulfield; Grand Manan Island (Museum
Comparative Zoology) ; Eastport, Washington County, Maine, Yerrill
(same); Moosehead Lake, Maine; Norway, Oxford County, Maine,
Smith (Museum Comparative Zoology) ; Bridgton, Cumberland County,
282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MVSErM. VOL.XX.
Maine (S. Henshaw) ; York, Maine (same) ; Bethlehem, Grafton County,
New Hampshire, L. Agassiz (Museum Comparative Zoology; S. Hen-
shaw); White Mountains, New Hampshire, the subalpiue region and
valleys (S. H. Ssudder; S. Henshaw; A. P. Morse); Hancock, Hillsboro
County, New Hampshire (S. Henshaw) ; Mount Kearsarge, 2,000 to 3,251
feet (A. P. Morse) ; Sudbury, Eutlaud County, Vermont; Bridport, Addi-
son County, Vermont, Miss A. M. Edmands (Museum Comparative
Zoology); Chateaugay Lake, Adirondacks, New York, 2,000 feet, F.
C. Bowditch; summit of Greylock, Berkshire County, Massachusetts
(A. P. Morse; S. H. Scudder); Williamstown, Berkshire County, Massa-
chusetts; Adams, Berkshire County, Massachusetts (A. P. Morse);
Springfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts, Allen (Museum Com-
parative Zoology); Warwick, Franklin County, Massachusetts, Miss
A. M. Edmands (same); North Andover, Essex County, Massachusetts,
Emerton (same) ; Salem, Essex County, Massachusetts, Kingsley (same) ;
numerous localities in the vicinity of Boston, Massachusetts (Museum
Comparative Zoology ; A. P. Morse; S. Henshaw; S. H. Scudder); Prov-
incetown, Barnstable County, Massachusetts ; Nantucket, Massachusetts
(S. Henshaw; S. H. Scudder); Penikese Island, Massachusetts (Mu-
seum Comparative Zoology); Canaan and South Kent, Litchfield
County, Connecticut (A. P. Morse) ; Long Island, New York ; Mary-
land, Uhler; Washington, D. C. (Museum Comparative Zoology;
U.S.N.M.; S. Henshaw); Pattonville, Cambria County, Pennsylvania,
Shaler (Museum Comparative Zoology) ; Vigo County, Indiana ( W. S.
Blatchley); Agricultural College, Mississippi, H. E. Weed; Michigan,
M. Miles; Detroit, Michigan, H. Gillman; Illinois, Thomas (U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection) ; northern Illinois, Kennicott; Ogle County, Illinois,
Allen; Chicago, Cook County, Illinois; West Northfield, Cook County,
Illinois, Kennicott (Museum Comparative Zoology) ; Moline, Eock Island
County, Illinois, McNeill; southern Illinois, Barnes (Museum Compara-
tive Zoology); Newport, Campbell County, Kentucky, Willard (Mu-
seum Comparative Zoology); Minnesota; Winnipeg, Manitoba, Kenni-
cott; Muscatiue, Iowa, Witten (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Dallas
County, Iowa, Allen, "rather common;" Crawford County, Iowa,
Allen; Brookfield, Linn County, Missouri, E. P. Austin; Bushberg,
Jefferson County, Missouri (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); St. Louis,
Missouri (same; S. H. Scudder); New Madrid, Missouri, Kennicott;
Booue County , Missouri (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Topeka, Kansas;
West Point, Curning County, Nebraska (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection;;
Nebraska City, Otoe County, Nebraska, Hayden; PlatteEiver, Nebraska,
Haydeu; Fort Eobinson, Dawes County, Nebraska (U.S.N.M. Eiley
collection); Colorado (same); Denver, Colorado; Garden of the Gods,
El Paso County, Colorado; Pueblo, Colorado, 4,700 feet; Garland,
Costilla County, Colorado, 8,000 feet; Colorado, latitude 38, Lieu-
tenant Beckwith; Fruita, Mesa County, Colorado (U.S.N.M.); White
Eiver, Eio Blanco County, Colorado; Dakota, Eothhammer; Yellow-
stone, Hayden; Yellowstone, Montana (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection);
NO. 1124. EE VISION OF THE UELAXOPLI- SC UDDEE. 283
Montana (same); Yellowstone National Park; Salmon City, Lemlii
County, Idaho (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection; L. Brnuer); British
Columbia and Vancouver Island, Crotch ; Portland, Multnomah County,
Oregon, H. Edwards (S. H. Scudder; U.S.N.M. Eiley collection);
Sissons^JJiakiyQu. County ,XaMforrrht; Packard (same); Sierra Nevada,
Wheeler's Expedition, 1876; Camp Hallock, Nevada, E. Palmer; Glen-
brook, Douglas County, Nevada (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection) ; Utah (L.
Bruner); Utah, Packard (Museum Comparative Zoology); Salt Lake
Valley, Utah, 4,300 feet (S. H. Scudder; U.S.N.M. Eiley collection);
Spring Lake Villa, Utah County, Utah, E. Palmer (same) ; Provo, Utah
County, Utah; Wahsatch Mountains, near Beaver, Utah, Palmer;
Fort Whipple, Y/avapai County, Arizona, E. Palmer; Las Cruces,
Donna Ana County, New Mexico, Cockerell (L. Brunei'); Texas, Bel-
frage, Lincecum; Dallas, Texas, Boll (S. H. Scudder; U.S.N.M. Eiley
collection); San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas (U.S.N.M. Eiley col-
lection); Carrizo Springs, Dimrnit County, Texas, A. Wadgymar (L.
Bruuer); Mexico, Botteri, Surnichrast; Guanajuato, Mexico (U.S.N.M.);
Queretaro, Mexico (L. Bruner) ; Otoyac, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 2,700 feet
(same).
It has also been reported from Arctic America 1 (Walker); Great
Bear Lake 1 (Scudder); Labrador l (Packard); Canada (Bethune, Caul,
field, Fletcher) ; Quebec (Provancher) ; Mount Ktaadn, Maine (Packard);
New Jersey (Smith); Pennsylvania (De Geer); Ohio and West Vir-
ginia (Glover) ; Kentucky (Glover, Garmau) ; Tennessee (De Haan), and
Wyoming (Thomas). Specimens from Florida which I formerly referred
to this species probably belong to the next.
It therefore appears to inhabit the entire United States and the set-
tled parts of Canada, excepting only Alaska and also the southeastern
United States (where it is replaced by the next species), and occurs
south of our border as far as central Mexico.
The species described by me as J/\ interior was based upon specimens
from Utah and other parts of the interior of the western country, which
seem to differ from those found elsewhere in having cerci which taper
more gradually and show less contrast in the width of the basal and
apical halves, and at tip are blunter and less manifestly truncate r in
which also the forks of the furcula are relatively longer and more
strictly parallel, the tegmiua rather shorter and generally lacking any
maculatioii whatever; the prostemal spine also is more frequently coin-
pressed before the tumid tip ; but on comparing a large series of speci-
mens from these western regions I find it impossible to draw any line
of demarcation, some specimens having some but not other of these
characteristics, so that I can only regard the species as in a state of
flux in this region, preparing, as it were, to divide into distinct races
not yet clearly enough defined to distinguish them.
1 The first three references are doubtful ; they probably belong to M, extremes.
284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. xx.
"]/. devorator was founded upon specimens of strikingly contrasted
coloration found in Texas, which I have since seen from many other
places; but as they are united with the type by complete series of
intergrades, I am forced to conclude them to be only extreme color-
ational variations, which can not be dignified even as races.
Specimens with green or greenish hind tibiae have been seen by me
from the alpine region of the White Mountains, New Hampshire, Cape
Cod, Nantucket, Great Island, and Cambridge, Massachusetts, Utah,
Carrizo Springs, Texas, and Querataro, Mexico.
There can be no doubt that this is the true femur-riibrum of De Geer,
since Stal has described the anal cerci of the male from the type of
De Geer's description, and I myself made direct comparisons with
varied material when in Sweden, nearly thirty years ago.
In Hayden's report on the survey of Nebraska (1872), I collected
several accounts, printed and unpublished, of the injury to crops attrib-
uted to this species in the eastern United States. As up to that time
M. atlanis had not been distinguished from M. femur rubrum, it is pos-
sible, and I am now inclined to think it probable, that all the serious
injury done to crops in the East is done by M. atlanis; for although
almost everywhere less common than M. femur -rubrum, M. atlanis has
been shown to have the capacity for immense multiplication, and has
been directly proved to be the culprit in some instances; as it is also
much more closely and indeed very closely related to the destructive
locust of the West, M. spretus, it is far more likely to have been the
actual pest in all the records of the past. At least until direct provable
charges are made against it, M. femur-rubrum should be looked upon
as less injurious than M. atlanis ; it is especially doubtful whether it
ever migrates in aerial swarms; as a general rule the tegmina and
wings are longer in M. atlanis than in M. femur-rubrum, though both
species vary considerably and intergrade in that particular. From
measurements made on Missouri specimens, Eiley found that the teg-
mina in the present species extended beyond the abdomen as follows:
In 28 males, 0-2 mm., average, 0.8 mm.; in 54 females, 0-3 mm., aver-
age, 1.1 mm.
Bruner excellently expresses the fact when he says that the imme-
diate distribution of this insect " appears to be controlled altogether by
climatic conditions, the chief of which is the presence of a certain
amount of humidity. . . . It is a frequenter of low grounds, culti-
vated fields, shady margins of woods, etc., where vegetation is rank
and tender." It is rarely found upon dry hillsides when meadows close
at hand may swarm with them, while the opposite is true of other
species, M. collinus for instance; yet such specimens as do so occur will
be found to differ from those inhabiting more favored localities, in being
lighter colored and more uniformly grayish in tone, with slighter con-
trasts; those from drier stations appear also to have on the average
rather shorter wings.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCUDDEB. 285
There is but a single annual brood which begins to appear full fledged
in ]STew England late in July. According to Kiley, the eggs are not
laid in a single mass, but at intervals in several; he has twice obtained
four successive pods from a single female, covering a period of nearly
two months and containing eggs amounting in all to from ninety-six to
one hundred and ten. The eggs have a quadrilinear arrangement in
the pods.
At Andover, Massachusetts, on October 5 many years ago I observed
a pair of this species, male and female, near together alternately sig-
naling to each other with a slight quick movement of the hind legs
upon the tegmina, as if stridulating. I made no note of whether any
sound was actually produced and do not now recall any.
Many interesting notes regarding this species will be found in the
first report of the United States Entomological Commission.
83. MELANOPLUS PROPINQUUS, new species.
(Plate XVIII, fig. 9.)
Caloptenus femur-rubrum SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), p. 86;
Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 27; Psyche, II (1878), p. 154.
Pezotettix propinquus McNEiLL,!, MS.
Of medium size, closely resembling the preceding species in colora-
tion, but generally of a somewhat lighter tint. Head a little promi-
nent, flavo-testaceous, generally more or less infuscated above, with
a postocular band; vertex tumid, the interspace between the eyes
scarcely broader than (male) or half as broad again as (female) the
first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, distinctly (male) or
rather shallowy (female) sulcate; frontal costa just failing to reach the
clypeus, subequal, of the width of the interspace between the eyes,
sulcate at and (especially in the male) below the ocellus, biseriately
punctate above; eyes moderately prominent in both sexes, much
longer, in the female very much longer, than the intraocular portion of
the genae; antennae ferruginous, feebly infuscated apically, five-sixths
(male) or less than two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora.
Pronotum slightly and regularly enlarging from in front backward, the
disk feebly convex and passing into the anteriorly feebly tumid, ver-
tical, lateral lobes by a well-rounded but abrupt shoulder, the disk
brownish fuscous, more or less feebly ferruginous, the lateral lobes dull
luteo- testaceous, with a broad postocular band on the prozona; median
carina slight and percurrent, feebler on the prozona than on the rneta-
zoua; front margin subtruncate, very faintly flaring at least in the
male, hind margin obtusangulate, the angle well rounded; prozona
feebly longitudinal (male) or feebly transverse (female), scarcely if any
longer than the closely but shallowly punctate metazona. Prosternal
spine rather long, suberect, appressed cylindrical, blunt, rather longer
and less appressed in the male than in the female ; interspace between
the niesosternal lobes twice as long (male) or less than half as long
286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
again (female) as broad. Tegmina considerably surpassing the liiud
femora, rather slender, subequal, brownish fuscous, minutely flecked
with fuscous throughout the discoidal area; wings not very broad,
hyaline, iridescent, the veins pale fuscous apically and anteriorly. Fore
and middle femora a little tumid in the male; hind femora brownish
testaceous, more or less infuscated (generally by longitudinal clouds)
on the upper half, but on the inner side above biinaculate with blackish
fuscous, the geuiculation mostly black and with a pregenicular slender
black armulus, the under side of the femora flavous inclining to orange ;
hind tibiae usually bright red with a slight fuscous patellar spot, but
sometimes pale yellowish red, or rarely pale yellowish green, the spines
black almost to their base, ten to twelve, usually eleven, in number in
the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen rather strongly clavate,
well recurved, the supraanal plate subclypeate, but very strongly and
roundly compressed in the basal half, the apex roundly and rather
bluntly rectangulate, the lateral margins strongly and abruptly elevated,
the median -sulcus deep, percurrent and apically expanded, bounded by
rather high but rounded walls ; furcula composed of a pair of greatly
extended, somewhat depressed, straight fingers, tapering by the nar-
rowing of their inner margins, lying outside the ridges of the supraanal
plate, reaching much beyond the middle of the same, and slightly out-
curved at their rather blunt tips; cerci rather broad at base, rapidly
narrowing beyond so as to be hardly half as wide in the middle, beyond
subequal, incurved and blunt-tipped, externally punctate throughout
and not reaching the tip of the supraaual plate ; subgenital plate hardly
half as wide at apex as at base, the lateral margin rapidly decliveut,
the apical margin not elevated, strongly rounded, entire.
Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 25 mm. ; antennae, male, 10
mm., female, 8.5 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 20 mm.; hind femora,
male, 12 mm., female, 13.25 mm.
Seventy-seven males, 87 females. North Carolina, Uhler, Morrison ;
Dingo Bluff, North Carolina, November 15, Maynard; Smith ville, North
Carolina, Maynard; Georgia, Morrison (S. Henshaw; S. H. Scudder;
U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Georgia, King (Museum Comparative
Zoology); Macon, Bibb County, Georgia, September 18 (U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection); Wilmington Island, Georgia, A. Oemler; Florida,
Neal (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection) ; Jacksonville, Duval County, Flor-
ida, May 6, J. H. Comstock; Fernandina, Nassau County, Florida, E.
Palmer; St. Augustine, St. John County, Florida, E. Palmer; Sanford,
Orange County, Florida, G. B. Frazer; Fort Eeed, Orange County,
Florida, April 8-23, J. H. Comstock; Appalachicola, Franklin County,
Florida, E. Thaxter.
This species takes in our Southern Atlantic States the place of M.
femur-rubrum, which it closely resembles; it is most quickly distin-
guished from it by the form and sculpture of the supraanal plate and
the much greater length of the furcula.
NO. 1124. EE VISION OF THE MELANOPLISC UDDER. 287
84. MELANOPLUS EXTREMUS.
(Plates I, figs./, $r; XVIII, fig. 10.)
? Locusta leiicostoma KIRBY, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV (1837), p. 250. BETHUXE, Can.
Ent., VII (1875), p. 129; Ins. Brit. Amer. (1884), pp. 120-121.
? Aaridium (Locusia) leucostomnm DE HAAX, Bijdr. Kenii. Orth. (1842), p. 142.
Caloptenus extremus WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 681; Can.
Ent., IV (1872), p. 30. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p.
225. BRUXER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59. CAULFIELD, Can.
Rec. Sc., II (1887), p. 401; Can. Orth. (1887), p. 14.
Pezotettixjumus DODGE!, Can. Ent., VIII (1876), p. 9. BRUNER. ibid., IX (1877),
p. 144; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59.
Caloptenus parvus PROVAXCHER!, Nat. Canad., VIII (1876), p. 110; Faime Ent.
Can., II (1877), p. 36.
Melanoplus junius SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), p. 286; Ent.
Notes, VI (1878), p. 45. MORSE, Psyche, VI (1892), p. 262. OSBORX, Proc.
Iowa Acad. Sc., I, Pt. n (1892), p. 118. BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill
(1893), p. 28. MORSE, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 106.
Caloptenus jtinius SCUDDER!, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75.
Melanoplus extremus CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71.
Melanoplm parrus CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71.
Caloptenus (Helanoplns] parvus CAULFIELD, Can. Rec. Sc., II (1887), p. 401; Can.
Orth. (1887), p. 14.
Of rather small or medium size, brownish fuscous, generally rather
dark, often with a ferruginous tinge. Head a little prominent, dark
testaceous often somewhat infuscated, above much infuscated, the
added infuscation sometimes confined to the fastigium and two diverg-
ent, enlarging streaks behind it; vertex gently tumid, feebly elevated
above the level of the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes nearly
(male) or more than (female) twice as wide as the first antennal joint;
fastigium steeply declivent, not very deeply (male) or broadly and very
shallowly (female) sulcate throughout; frontal costa failing to reach
the clypeus, slightly narrower than the interspace between the eyes,
subequal but faintly and very gradually broadening downward,
depressed at and sometimes sulcate below the ocellus, biseriately punc-
tate; eyes moderately prominent especially in the male, not very large,
but little longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae
ferruginous, fully four-fifths (male) or from three-fifths to two-thirds
(female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal or enlarging
a little on the metazona (in the female throughout), the lateral lobes
lighter, sometimes considerably lighter than the disk, with a broad,
equal, piceous, postocular band crossing the prozona, the disk often
luteo-ferruginous punctate with fuscous, very broadly convex, and
passing by an abrupt but smoothed shoulder simulating a lateral carina
into the anteriorly tumid vertical lateral lobes; median carina slight,
percurrent, distinctly feebler but rarely subobsolete on the prozona;
front margin subtruncate with feeblest possible indications of a median
emargiuation, hind margin very obtusaugulate, the angle rounded in
288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
the female; prozona distinctly longitudinal (male) or quadrate or trans-
verse (female), distinctly (male) or scarcely (female) longer than the
closely punctate metazoua, the principal sulcus bent angularly forward
slightly in the middle. Prosternal spine moderately long, cylindrical,
blunt, erect (male) or short, conical, feebly appressed, blunt, erect
(female) ; interspace between inesosternal lobes quadrate (male) or dis-
tinctly transverse but much narrower than the lobes (female). Teg-
mina either falling distinctly short of the tips of the hind femora,
generally about as long as the abdomen in the male, rather broad at
base, but rapidly tapering and at apex bluntly subacuminate (J/. e.
junius, Plate I, fig. #), or surpassing the hind femora, generally con-
siderably, rather broad, subequal, and at apex rather broadly rounded
(M. e. scandens, Plate I, fig./), brownish fuscous, generally immaculate,
but sometimes with rather a feeble and obscure narrow line of macula-
tion in the discoidal area; wings considerably (Jl/. e. junius) or a very
little (M. e. scandens) shorter than the tegmina, moderately broad,
hyaline, with brownish fuscous veins in the anterior half. Fore and
middle femora a little tumid in the male; hind femora ferrugineo-
luteous, the outer face often longitudinally infuscated, the inner side
of the upper face bimaculate with fuscous often obscurely, the genicu-
lation blackish and the under surface generally pule orange; hind
tibiae bright red, pale red, or pale dull citron, the spines black beyond
their base, nine to twelve, usually eleven, in number in the outer series.
Extremity of male abdomen clavate, a little recurved, the supraanal
plate sub triangular, longer than broad, feebly compressed in the mid-
dle, apically slightly acutangulate, the lateral margins elevated basally,
the median sulcus moderately deep and narrow, apically expanding
and obsolescent, its bounding walls rounded and not very high; furcula
consisting of a pair of parallel or subparallel, slender, tapering, acumi-
nate, somewhat depressed spines, somewhat less than half as long as
the supraanal plate and resting upon the ridges bordering the median
sulcus; cerci feebly subfalciforin lamellae lying in a slightly oblique
vertical plane, a little incurved throughout, feebly tapering in the basal
third or more, beyond subequal to the obliquely truncate and well-
rounded tip, the whole 'gently arcuate and much shorter than the
supraanal plate; infracercal plates very broad at base, rapidly narrow-
ing and not attaining the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate
about half as broad at apex as at base, regularly narrowing by the
declivity of the feebly sinuous lateral margin, the apical margin not
elevated, well rounded, entire.
Length of body (M. e.junius), male, 16 mm., female, 19 mm.; anten-
nae, male, 8 mm., female, 6.75 mm. ; tegmina, male, 11 mm., female,
10.75 mm.; hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 10.75 mm. Length of
body (M. e. scandens), male, 18 mm., female, 19.5 mm.; antennae, male,
8.75 mm., female, 7 mm.; tegmina, male, 16.25 mm., female, 17.25 mm.j
hind femora, male, 10.25 mm., female, 10.5 mm.
so. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 289
Eighty-four males, 131 females. Norway, Oxford County, Maine,
August 16 (A. P. Morse); Alpine regions of White Mountains, New Hamp-
shire, Mount Washington and Madison, July, August; Mount Wash-
ington 5,000 feet, and Pinkharn Notch, New Hampshire, (A. P. Morse);
Tuckerman's Kavine, White Mountains, (A. P. Morse) ; Jackson, Carroll
County, New Hampshire, July 3 (A. P. Morse); North Conway, Car-
roll County, New Hampshire, July 30 (same) ; Jay, Troy, and Newport,
Orleans County, Vermont, July 12-15 (same); Hyde Park, Lamoille
County, Vermont, July 20 (same); Montgomery, Franklin County,
Vermont, July 18 (same); Summit of Greylock, Berkshire County,
Massachusetts, 3,500 feet, August 17 (same) ; Winchendon, Worcester
County, Massachusetts, June 29-July 6 (same); Bloomington, Monroe
County, Indiana, Bollman (U.S.N.M.); Chicago, Illinois; Nebraska,
Dodge (U.S.N.M. liiley collection; S. H. Scudder); West Point,
Cuining County, Nebraska (L. Bruner); Dallas County, Iowa, August,
Allen; Jefferson, Green County, Iowa, July 20-24, Allen; Crawford
County, Iowa, prairies, July 13-24, Allen; Denisou, Crawford County,
Iowa, July 20, Allen; Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming, 8,000 to 9,000
feet (L. Bruuer); Arctic America, Kennicott; Great Bear Lake, Ken-
nicott; Upper Mackenzie River, Kennicott; Yukon Eiver, at mouth of
Porcupine River, Alaska, Kennicott; Banff, Alberta, Bean(S. Henshaw).
It has also been reported from Quebec (Provancher, Scudder), Dodge
County, Nebraska (Dodge), and the Mackenzie Eiver, British America,
at latitude 65 (Kirby); the last, however, is uncertain, dependingon the
determination of Kirby's species. It probably occurs throughout the
larger part of Canada and the northernmost United States.
As indicated in the description, this insect appears in two forms: a
short winged (M. e.junius), in which the tegmina at rest do not reach
the tips of the hind femora; and a Jong- winged (for which I propose
the name M. e. scandens), in which they surpass them, generally con-
siderably. The latter has also a slightly slenderer body, though the
difference is not marked. It appears to affect high latitudes and alti-
tudes, being found in all the localities in the high north where Kennicott
collected, on the Big Horn Mountains in Wyoming, and on the summits
of Greylock in Massachusetts, and the White Mountains in New Hamp-
shire, in all of which (unless in Wyoming, whence I have only seen two
specimens) it is the prevailing or exclusive form. The short-winged
form, however, occurs in all these places excepting the Alpine region of
the White Mountains, where it has not been taken ; and the long winged
occurs also at lower levels in New England, as at North Conway, New
Hampshire, Jay and Montgomery, Vermont, and Winchendon, Massa-
chusetts, but it is only found in these places exceptionally, to judge
from the specimens seen. The two specimens from the Big Horn
Mountains, the male scandens, the female junius, are of exceptional
size, and Arctic American specimens are also distinctly larger than
those from New England or Nebraska.
Proc. N. M. vol. xx 19
290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
It will probably be impossible ever to determine definitely Kirby's
Locusta leucostoma, as the description is altogether inadequate and the
British Museum does not contain the type; at least I could not find it
by special search for it in 1865, and it is not mentioned in Walker's
catalogues ; Walker, following my earlier but probably wrong determi-
nation, placed it as a synonym of M. bivUtatus, but none of his speci-
mens included Kirby's.
Mr. Samuel Henshaw, during a recent visit to the British Museum,
examined the types of Walker's Caloptenus extremus and found them to
agree with specimens of the present species coming from Keunicott's
collection on the upper Mackenzie, which he took with him; they
differed "only in having slightly shorter wings," in which respect
Walker's specimens agree with others of Kennicott's collection belonging
to this species.
85. MELANOPLUS MONTICOLA, new species.
(Plate XIX, fig. 5.)
Platyphyma montana SCUDDER!, Appal., I (1878), p. 263.
Melanoplus monticola BRUNER!, MS. (pars).
Rather below the medium size, blackish fuscous. Head feebly promi-
nent, dark testaceous, greatly infuscated especially in the female, above
wholly or almost wholly blackish fuscous, the piceous postocular baud
hardly distinguishable in darkest examples; vertex gently tumid, a
little elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes
half as broad again (male) or more than twice as broad (female) as the
first antennal joint; frontal costa rather prominent, percurrent, equal,
as broad as the interspace between the eyes, impressed at the ocellus
and sometimes sulcate below, punctate throughout, above biseriately;
eyes not prominent, of moderate size, as long as (female) or much
longer than (male) the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae cas-
taneous, apically infuscated, nearly four-fifths (male) or nearly three-
fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum enlarging slightly
and pretty regularly from in front backward, wholly blackish fuscous,
more or less ferruginous in the male, occasionally the position of the
lateral carinae faintly marked on the prozona with dull navous, some-
times the lateral lobes a little lighter inferiorly and then showing a
piceous postocular band on the prozona, the disk gently convex and
passing by an abruptly rounded shoulder sometimes forming feeble
lateral carinae into the anteriorly tumid but otherwise vertical lateral
lobes; median carina percurrent, feebler and sometimes subobsolete on
the prozona; front margin truncate, hind margin strongly obtus-
angulate; prozona longitudinal (male) or quadrate or feebly transverse
(female), generally slightly longer than the closely and shallowly punc-
tate metazona. Prosternal spine short (female) or rather short (male),
appressed cylindrical, very blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal
lobes quadrate (male) or feebly transverse (female), the inetasternal
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MEL^NOPLISC UDDER. 291
lobes rather approximate (male) or moderately distant (female). Teg-
mina failing a little (male) or considerably (female) of reaching the tips
of the hind femora, moderately broad, distinctly tapering, strongly
rounded at apex, fusco-ferruginous, immaculate; wings not broad,
impure hyaline with reddish fuscous veins. Fore and middle femora
considerably tumid in the male; hind femora varying from dark testa-
ceous to dark plumbeo-fuscous, the inner half of the upper face dull
flavous, with the base, geniculation, and two large intermediate spots
black, the under surface deep red; hind tibiae deep red, often much
infuscated but then with a narrow, red, subbasal annulus, the spines
black throughout, eleven to twelve, usually eleven, in number in the
outer series. Extremity of male abdomen strongly clavate, somewhat
recurved, the supraanal plate long clypeate, with sides strongly com-
pressed in the middle, the lateral margins strongly elevated, the apex
acutangulate, the median sulcus very narrow and deep, being a mere
slit between moderately high but rounded walls, apically obsolete;
furcula consisting of a pair of basally attingent, basal ly expanded, and
depressed fingers, which beyond are straight, parallel, acuminate
thorns, more than a third as long as the supraanal plate and overlying
its ridges; cerci coarse and heavy subfalciforni laminae, their plane
obliquely vertical and nearly straight, considerably shorter than the
supraanal plate, tapering considerably on the basal half, feebly on the
apical half, which is considerably more than half as broad as the
extreme base, obliquely truncate at apex, the upper angle very blunt;
subgenital plate narrowing from base to apex, somewhat longer than
broad, the lateral margins gently sinuate, the apical margin elevated
by slight tubercles at its somewhat angular junction with the lateral
margins, so that it is broadly notched, as viewed posteriorly.
Length of body, male, 17.5 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, male,
8.25 mm., female, 6.75 mm. ; tegmina, male, 12.25 mm., female, 11.5 mm. ;
hind femora, male, 10.5 mm female, 11.5 mm.
Two males, 2 females. Above timber line on Sierra Blanca, Colorado,
12,000 to 13,000 feet (S. H. Scudder; L. Bruuer). All the specimens,
besides two pupae, taken by me August 29, 1877.
The species is very closely allied to the last, but differs from it dis-
tinctly in the character of the subgenital plate.
20. Cl>s T EREUS SERIES.
In this more than usually homogeneous group, the male prozona is
quadrate or slightly longitudinal, and the interspace between -the
mesosternal lobes of the same sex varies from a little longer than broad
to twice as long as broad. The tegmina are always fully developed,
surpassing somewhat the hind femora, and at most are feebly maculate,
the flecking not always confined closely to the discoidal area. The
hind tibiae are blue or green (in one instance apparently reddish yellow)
and have ten to twelve spines in the outer series.
292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
The supraanal plate is generally rather simple, triangular with
convex sides and a generally produced apex, but is sometimes strongly
and abruptly compressed apically. The furcula is developed to an
extreme as a pair of parallel, flattened, pointed plates, usually more
than half as long as the supraanal plate. The cerci are rather slender
or only moderately broad, apically spatulate or subspatulate, incurved
or inbent, of variable length relative to the supraanal plate. The sub-
genital plate is moderately broad apically, but distinctly narrower
than long, the apical margin entire and not elevated, or only slightly
elevated.
The species, six in number, are of medium or slightly above the
medium size and with the exception of the typical species are found
only in the extreme Southwestern States Southern California, Arizona,
and Texas, and in Lower California and Sonora, but the typical species
extends the range on the north to Washington, Idaho, and Wyoming,
and eastward to Louisiana and western Nebraska. It is a western
type.
86. MELANOPLUS BISPINOSUS, new species.
(Plate XIX, fig. 6.)
Cinereo-fuseous, more or less ferruginous. Head slightly prominent
in the male only, warm testaceous, infuscated above, with a postocular
piceous band; vertex gently tumid, raised but slightly above the level
of the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather broad, much
broader than (male) or fully twice as broad as (female) the first anten-
nal joint; fastigium steeply declivent and plane (female) or broadly
and shallowly sulcate (male); frontal costa fading next the clypeus,
a little narrowed above, but otherwise fully as broad as (male) or
slightly narrower than (female) the interspace between the eyes, feebly
snlcate at and below the ocellus, biseriately punctate above; eyes rather
large, somewhat prominent, a little longer than the infraocular portion
of the genae; antennae ferruginous, apically infuscated, in the male
more than four-fifths as long as the hind femora. Pronotum subequal,
but with distinctly flaring metazona, the feebly convex disk passing by
a broad angle into the subvertical and feebly tumid lateral lobes, leav-
ing no trace of lateral carinae except slightly on the metazona; lateral
lobes with a distinct though sometimes broken broad piceous band
crossing the upper part of the prozona, broadest on its posterior lobe;
median carina distinct on the metazona, inconspicuous and blunt
(male) or subobsolete (female) on the prozona; front margin truncate,
hind margin obtusangulate, the angle well rounded; prozona quadrate,
only a little longer than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal
spine moderately long, stout, cylindrical, very blunt, erect; interspace
between mesosternal lobes fully twice as long as broad (male) or sub-
quadrate (female). Tegmiua surpassing the hind femora, of moderate
width, gently tapering, apically well rounded, fusco-testaceous more or
less ferruginous basally, flecked somewhat obscurely with fuscous and
NO. 1124. REVISION OF TEE MELANOPLISCVDDER. 293
cinereous in the- discoidal area, and often very feebly dotted with
obscure fuscous outside of it; wings hyaline, the apical and anterior
veins testaceous. Hind femora luteo-ferruginous, obliquely bifasciate
on the upper half with brownish or blackish fuscous, and with a small
basal spot of the same, the genicular arc black, but the inferior genieu-
lar lobe light colored with only a basal fleck of fuscous; under half
luteous or rosaceous, externally more pallid than the rest; hind tibiae
dull green becoming lutesceiit at the extremities, with a more or less
obscure fuscous postbasal annulus, the spines black beyond their
pallid base, eleven to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity
of male abdomen clavate, somewhat upturned, the supraanal plate
strongly compressed apically so as to give the sides a very tortuous
course and so as to be composed of two parts: the larger basal part
nearly plane, broader than long, longer laterally than mesially, the
immediate margins elevated slightly and a little overhanging by expan-
sion, the median sulcus moderately deep and not broad, uniform ; and
an apical narrow triangular tip with strongly elevated margins forming
the sides of the very deep median sulcus, fully two-thirds as long as
the basal portion, the tip strongly acutangulate but blunt; furcula con-
sisting of a pair of parallel, flattened, regularly tapering, rather bluntly
acuminate fingers, except at extreme base lying wholly outside the
median sulcus, nearly half as long as the entire plate; cerci slender,
regularly and considerably incurved throughout, narrowing gently and
then as gently enlarging to a regular and rounded spatulate tip not
quite so wide as the extreme base, the whole fully five times as long as
the narrowest breadth and reaching to about halfway between the
lateral angle and the tip of the supraanal plate; infracercal plates
slightly shorter than the supraanal; subgenital plate haustrate, moder-
ately broad but considerably longer than broad, of subequal breadth,
but the lateral margins slightly and roundly elevated at base, and the
apical margin feebly elevated, well rounded, entire.
Length of body male, 24.5 mm., female, 31.5 mm.; antennae, male
(estimated), 12 mm.; tegmina, male, 21.5 mm., female, 23 mm.; hind
femora, male, 14.5 mm., female, 16 mm.
Three males, two females. Texas, Schaupp (S. Henshaw); Tiger
Mill, Buruet County, Texas (L. Bruner); San Antonio, Bexar County,
Texas, M. Newell (L. Bruner).
The name is given from the prominence of the furcula.
87. MELANOPLUS TERMINALIS. new species.
(Plate XIX, fig. 7.)
Brownish fuscous, more or less ferruginous. Head hardly prominent,
lighter or darker castaneous, often much flecked with fuscous, the mouth-
purts paler, above darker being much infuscated, and especially the
lateral margins of the fastigium are marked in black, and there is a
piceous postocular band often streaked with testaceous ; vertex gently
294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
tumid, slightly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between
the eyes not broad, but much broader than the first autennal joint^
fastigium very steeply declivent, deeply sulcate throughout; frontal
costa failing to reach the clypeus, slightly contracted above, elsewhere
fully as broad as, if not broader than, the interspace between the eyes r
sulcate at and below the ocellus, biseriately punctate above; antennae
luteo-ferruginous, nowhere infuscated, except sometimes at extreme
tip, about three-fourths as long as the hind femora. Pronotum sub-
equal, scarcely expanding on the metazona, the lateral lobes with &
somewhat obscure, piceous band, crossing the prozona above; disk
feebly convex, passing by a rounded shoulder, becoming almost a
lateral cariua on the metazona, into the tumid, vertical, lateral lobes ;.
median carina distinct on the metazona, feeble and blunt on the pro-
zona; front margin feebly convex, hind margin almost rectangulate;
prozona quadrate or feebly longitudinal, scarcely or slightly longer
than the densely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long,
erect, cylindrical, rather blunt ; interspace between inesosternal lobes
about half as long again as broad. Teginina surpassing the hind femora,
rather slender, gently tapering, well rounded apically, brownish fuscous,
with very slight, obscure signs of sparse maculation in the discoidal
area; wings hyaline, with the anterior and apical veins testaceous.
Hind femora ferruginous or luteo-ferruginous, sometimes with an oliva-
ceous tinge, bifasciate above with blackish fuscous, generally obscurely,
and with a basal spot of the same, the under surface luteous or ferru-
ginous, the genicular arc black; hind tibiae pale glaucous green, a little
pallid at the base, with an obscure, fuscous, post-basal anntilus, the
spines black beyond their pallid base, eleven in number in the outer
series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, somewhat upturned, the
supraanal plate and furcula as in M. bispinosus; cerci also shaped as
there, but smaller and slenderer, fully six times as long as the narrow-
est breadth; subgenital plate narrowing regularly from base to apex,
much longer than broad, subconical, the apical margin with a hardly
perceptible elevation, entire, as viewed from above acutangulate, the
angle blunt and a little thickened.
Length of body, male, 21 mm.; antennae, 9 mm.; tegmiua, 17.5 mm.;
hind femora, 12.25 mm.
Five males. Gulf coast of Texas, Aaron; Garrizo Springs, Dimmit
County, Texas, Wadgymar, November (L. Bruner).
This species is exceedingly close to M. Mspinosus, but is smaller,
darker, a more southern form, and differs by its slightly smaller and
slenderer cerci, the general characters of the subgenital plate and in
minor peculiarities of its structure. It can be confounded with iio>
other species.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPL1SCUDDEU. 295
88, MELANOPLUS CYANIPES, new species.
(Plate XIX, fig. 8.)
Melanopliis cyanipes BRUNKR!, MS. COQUILLETT, Ins. Life, I (1889), p. 227.
^ BRUNER, Rep. St. Hort. Soc. Nebr., 1894 (1894), p. 163 undescribed.
Varying from light ferrugiueo -testaceous through cinereo-fuscous to
dark brownish fuscous with a ferruginous tinge, thinly pilose. Head
slightly prominent, plumbeo-testaceous, more or less infuscated, some-
times flecked profusely and minutely with fuscous, above darker and
generally more uniform than elsewhere, often blackish fuscous, with a
postocular piceous band; vertex gently tumid, slightly elevated above
the pronotuin, the interspace between the eyes moderate, a little broader
than (male) or twice as broad as (female) the first antenual joint; fas-
tigium rather strongly declivent, sulcate throughout; frontal costa
rather prominent above, but not contracted, just failing to reach the
clypeus, feebly broadening below, fully as broad as the interspace
between the eyes, shallowly sulcate at and generally below the ocellus,
punctate above; eyes large, prominent, particularly in the male where
they rise above the level of the vertex, very much longer than the
infraocular portion of the geuae; antennae luteo-fulvous, four-fifths
(male) or about two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pro-
notuin subequal, scarcely enlarging on the metazona, the very gently
convex disk passing, with a pronounced but well-rounded shoulder,
nowhere forming a lateral cariua, into the inferiorly vertical lateral
lobes; the latter are marked above with a broad, equal, rarely broken,
piceous band crossing the prozona and sometimes indicated on the
metazona by a slight darkening; median carina distinct on the meta-
zona, obsolete or subobsolete on the prozona, always obsolete between
the sulci; front margin truncate; hind margin broadly obtusangulate,
the angle generally broadly rounded in the female; prozona quadrate
or feebly longitudinal (male) or quadrate or feebly transverse (female),
only a little longer than the closely punctate metazona. Prosternal
spine short, conical, very blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal
lobes twice as long as broad (male) or considerably longer than broad
(female). Pleura with a distinct flavo-testaceous stripe bordered with
black following the metathoracic episterna. Tegmina surpassing the
hind femora, sometimes considerably, slender, tapering feebly, well
rounded apically, brownish fuscous, sometimes immaculate but generally
rather sparsely sprinkled with minute fuscous spots throughout the
dlscoidal area almost or quite to the tip; wings rather narrow, hyaline,
often with a very feeble citron tint, most of the veins black or fuscous.
Fore and middle femora but little turnescent in the male; hind femora
slender and elongate, testaceous or ferruginous, obscurely bifasciate
with fuscous, often reduced to a fuscous cloud on the outer face, most
of the geuiculation black, the inferior surface and most of the interior
varying from luteous to carmine; hind tibiae light green or glaucous,
sometimes blue, with a postbasal fuscous spot or annulus, clothed with
sparse pile twice as long as the spines, the spines pallid in basal, black
296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
in apical half, ten to eleven in number in the outer series. Extremity
of male abdomen a little clavate, a little upturned, the supraanal plate
long triangular, the sides bent a little beyond the middle, before which
they are broadly elevated a little, the apex acutangulate, the surface
more than usually plane, the median sulcus slight and hardly percepti-
ble except apically; furcula consisting of a pair of large, broad, greatly
flattened, parallel, strongly and rather regularly tapering and acumin-
ate fingers, reaching more than halfway across the supraanal plate;
cerci elongate, compressed, rather slender, subequal laminae, a little
obliquely vertical at the base, in the middle bent abruptly inward and
then at once again backward, but here completely vertical by a slight
twist in the bend, the apex roundly truncate, the basal half gradually
tnpering and beyond again enlarging to somewhat less than the basal
width, the whole extending to the tip of the supraanal plate; infracer-
cal plates broad and subtruncate apically, just shorter than the supra-
anal plate; subgenital plate broad, but a little longer than broad,
flaring, the apical margin scarcely elevated, thickened, entire, as viewed
from above strongly rounded.
Length of body, male, 21.5 mm., female, 23.5 mm.; antennae, male,
9.5 mm., female, 9 mm.; tegrnina, male, 17 mm., female, 19 mm.; hind
femora, male, 11.5 mm., female, 14.5 mm.
Fifteen males, 9 females. California (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection);
California, H. Edwards (Museum Comparative Zoology); Los Angeles,
California, July, Coquillett (U.S.N.M.; L. Bruiier); Pasadena, Los
Angeles County, California, October 23; San Diego, California, Octo-
Xber 26.
This species is certainly very closely allied in structure to the next,
M. cinereus, and may prove to be a variety of it, found in different sta-
tions. It wholly lacks, however, the cinereous speckling so characteris-
tic of typical examples of the latter species, with the rusty hue of the
pronotum.
Some individuals are much smaller than, hardly more than half as
large as, others; the measurements are taken from the larger and appar-
ently commoner forms.
89. MELANOPLUS CINEREUS.
(Plate XIX, fig. 9.)
Melanoplus cinereus SCUDDER!, Proc. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), pp.288,
290;- Ent. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 47, 49; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., II (1880),
App., p. 24, pi. xvii, figs. 1, 4, 5. BRUNER, ibid., Ill (1883), p. 60; Bull.
Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., IV (1864), p. 58; Can. Ent., XVII (1885). p.
17; Rep. U. S. Ent., 1885 (1886), p. 307. COQUILLETT, ibid., 1885 (1886), pp.
291-293, 295, 297. KOEBELE, Bull. Div. Eiit. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXII (1890),
p. 94. RILEY, Ins. Life, II (1889), p. 27. BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., II
(1893), p. 28 ; Rep. Nebr. St. Bd. Agric., 1893 (1893), p. 460 ; Rep. St. Hort. Soc.
Nebr., 1894 (1894), p. 163; ibid., 1895 (1895), p. 69.
Caloptenus cinereus RILEY, Stand. Nat. Hist., II (1884), p. 195. MILLIKEN, Ins.
/Life, VI (1893), p. 19.
Cinereo-fuscous, the upper surface of head and pronotum frequently
rust-colored. Head somewhat prominent, dull pale testaceous, flecked
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEE. 297
above with fuscous in a pair of parallel longitudinal streaks; vertex
moderately tumid, somewhat elevated above the pronotum, the inter-
space between the eyes not very broad, a little broader than (male)
or half as broad again as (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium
moderately declivent, sulcate broadly throughout, more deeply in the
male than in the female; frontal costa rather prominent above, equal,
just failing to reach the clypeus,as broad as the interspace between the
eyes, feebly sulcate at and below the ocellus, biseriately punctate above;
eyes large, moderately prominent, very much longer than the infraoc-
ular portion of the genae; antennae luteous or fulvous, almost as long
(male) or fully two-thirds as long (-female) as the hind femora. Prono-
tum subequal, feebly expanding on the metazona, the disk feebly con-
vex and passing, by a broadly rounded shoulder occasionally feebly
indicating a lateral carina, into the vertical lateral lobes, which are
marked above on the prozona by an often partially broken piceous band,
followed beneath by irregular quadrate patches of sallow luteous;
median carina distinct on the metazona, almost or quite obsolete on the
prozona; front margin truncate, hind margin slightly obtusangulate;
prozona longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), scarcely if any longer
than the rather closely-punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short,
conico-cylindrical, blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes
more than twice as long as broad (male) or a little longer than broad
(female). Tegmina surpassing, generally to a considerable degree, the
hind femora, slender, gently tapering, apically well rounded, brownish
fuscous, finely speckled throughout with cinereous and with a slender
line of alternate pale and dark bars and dots in the discoidal area and
sometimes a second line along the upper edge of the anal area; wings
ample, very delicate, glistening hyaline with glauco-fuscous veins.
Fore and middle femora somewhat tumescent in the male, all the femora
luteo ferruginous flecked with fuscous, the hind pair bifasciate with
fuscous, which is transverse on the upper face, very oblique and con-
fined to the upper half on the outer face, the lower face a little ruddy;
hind tibiae pale blue, rarely with a luteous tinge, the spines pallid in
their basal, black in their apical half, ten to twelve, usually ten, in
number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen considerably
<?lavate, well rounded, not greatly recurved, the supraanal plate rather
long triangular with feebly acutangulate apex and scarcely elevated
lateral margins, nearly plane, feebly depressed, the median sulcus only
apparent at tip where it passes between two slight lateral bosses;
furcula consisting of a pair of basally adjacent, very broad, flattened,
tapering fingers, apically produced as slender aciculate extensions,
reaching fully three-fourths of the way across the supraanal plate; cerci
moderately narrow, basally tapering, compressed laminae, which at the
middle are abruptly bent inward at right angles but with a rounded
curve, and then bent at extreme tip backward again, all the while
broadening feebly, the whole outer side of the bent portion broadly
298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
sulcate, the apex roundly truncate, sometimes feebly and roundly
emarginate, the lower apical angle usually a little produced, giving the
whole, which reaches nearly to the tip of the supraanal plate, a twisted
appearance; infracercal plates broad, apically rounded, as long as the
supraanal plate; subgenital plate of subequal breadth, narrowing a
little apically, longer than broad, slightly flaring, the lateral and apical
margins in the same plane, except that the latter, which is well rounded
and entire, is feebly elevated at the extreme apex.
Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 26 mm.; antennae, male, 11
mm., female, 9.75 mm.; tegmina,' male, 19 mm., female, 20.5 mm.;
hind femora, male, 12.5 mm., female, 14 mm.
Thirty males, 57 females. Wallula, Wallawalla County, Washi n gton y
September 1, Packard (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection ; S. H. Scudder) ;
Lone Tree, Yakima Eiver, Washington, July 18, S. Henshaw (Museum
Comparative Zoology) ; Salmon City, Lemhi County, Idaho (U.S.N.M.
Kiley collection; L. Brunei 1 ); Wyoming, Morrison (U.S.N.M. Eiley
collection); California (same); California, H. Edwards; Sierra County,
California, J. G. Leinmon (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Los Angeles
County, California, August (same); Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 4,300 feet,
August 1-4; American Fork Canyon, Utah County, Utah, 9,500 feet,
August 2-3; Fort Grant, Graham County, Arizona (U.S.N.M. Eiley
collection); Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, Arizona (same); Texas,
Belfrage (same); Pecos Eiver, Texas, July, Captain Pope; Baton
Eouge, Louisiana, June 8, F. J. Bird (U.S.^.M. Eiley collection).
It has also been reported from the Yellowstone region and Sioux
County, Nebraska (Bruner), Reno, Washoe County, Nevada (Scudder),
and tbe San Joaquin Valley, California (Coquillett).
I have found this insect only upon the sage brush (Artemisia), and so
completely do its gray and rusty colors harmonize with its surround-
ings that it is extremely difficult to detect when at rest. This has
also been noticed by Bruiier, who remarks that the resemblance extends
to the earlier stages of the insect.
Coquillett remarks upon the ease of its flight, describing it as in a
straight line, for a distance of from 5 to 20 feet from the ground. He
found it devouring the ripe kernels of rye in California, and Eiley
reports it as injuring cotton in Louisiana. Coquillett regards it as a
migrating species, but his specific statements refer only to short flights
from the fields to the tree tops or the reverse, fifty to one hundred
yards being the usual distance. In the San Joaquin Valley he found
specimens pairing at the last of July.
90. MELANOPLUS COMPLANATIPES, new species.
(Plate XIX, fig. 10.)
Nearly uniform light testaceous. Head slightly prominent in the
male, hardly darker above than elsewhere, with no trace or but feeblest
trace of any postocular band; vertex very gently tumid, hardly elevated
NO. 1124. RE VISION OF THE MELANOPLISC UDDER. 299
above the pronotum even in the male, the interspace between the eyes
rather narrow, scarcely wider than (male) or about half as wide again
as (female) the first antennal joint; fastigium rapidly declivent, silicate
throughout ; frontal costa percurrent, subequal, not contracted above,
as wide as the interspace between the eyes, snlcate at and below the
ocellus, biseriately sulcate above ; eyes pretty large, rather prominent,
much longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae testa-
ceous, almost as long (male) or about two-thirds as long (female) as the
hind femora. Pronotum equal on the prozona, expanding a little and
gradually on the metazona, more in the female than in the male, the disk
feebly convex and passing by a strongly rounded shoulder (the shoulder
hardly noticeable on the prozona) into the vertical lateral lobes, which
have feeble and broken or no indications of a fuscous band on the
upper part of the prozona; median carina distinct on the metazona,
quite or almost wholly obsolete on the prozona; front margin faintly
convex, hind margin obtusangulate; prozoua quadrate in the male,
transverse or quadrate in the female, feebly emarginate in the middle
posteriorly, scarcely or no longer than the metazona. Prosternal spine
short, conical, blunt, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes much
more than twice as long (male) or half as long again (female) as broad.
Tegniiua much surpassing the hind femora, exceptionally slender,
scarcely tapering, apically well rounded, testaceous with a mesial line of
exceedingly feeble and sparse fuscous spots; wings narrow and pointed,
hyaline with light testaceous veins and with scarcely perceptible
infumation at the extreme tip. Hind femora strongly compressed, the
outer face so flattened as hardly to show any convexity, testaceous,,
immaculate, the outer face sometimes feebly iufuscated, the genicular
arc fuscous; hind tibiae luteo-testaceous, the spines black on apical half,
ten to eleven, usually ten, in number in the outer series. Extremity
of male abdomen clavate, a little upturned, the supraanal plate long
triangular, rather strongly contracted just beyond the base, the lateral
margins narrowly elevated, the apex acutaugulate, the median sulcus
consisting of a basal triangular portion, beyond which it is interrupted
and again appears apically as a channel between two lateral bosses ;
furcula consisting of a pair of basally attingent, broad, flattened plates
which taper very rapidly and then are continued as cylindrical, parallel
needles, reaching at least two-thirds way across the supraanal plate;
cerci slender, mesially contracted, apically spatulate, compressed
laminae, as viewed laterally straight, as viewed from above apically
incurved and then feebly returning to their original direction at
extreme tip and there externally sulcate, the whole almost reaching
the tip of the supraanal plate, and the apex as broad as the base;
infracercal plates well rounded apically, slightly longer than the supra-
anal plate; subgenital plate much longer than broad, of moderate
breadth, a little broader basally than apically, the apical margin
slightly and gradually elevated, well rounded, entire. (The drawing
is made from a specimen somewhat distorted by preservation in spirits.)
300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
Length of body, male, 15.25 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, male,
10 mm., female, 8.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 19.5 mm., female, 20.5 inrn.j
hind femora, male, 11 mm., female, 12.25 mm.
Two males, 3 females. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, J. Xautus;
Sonora, Mexico, C. A. Schott.
91. MELANOPLUS CANONICUS, new species.
(Plate XX, fig. I.)
Luteo-testaceous with a distinct ferruginous tinge. Head a little
prominent, flavo-luteous, below with a slight olivaceous tinge, above a
little streaked with fuscous and, in the male at least, with a dark fus-
cous postocular band; vertex a little tumid, a little elevated above the
pronotum, the interspace between the eyes rather narrow, equal to
(male) or a little exceeding (female) the width of the basal antennal
joint; fastigium rather strongly declivent, deeply (male) or shallowly
(female) sulcate throughout; frontal costa rather prominent above,
straight on a side view, just failing to reach the clypeus, equal, a little
broader than the interspace between the eyes, feebly sulcate at and
below the ocellus, punctate above, biseriately in the male; eyes pretty
large, rather prominent in the male, distinctly longer than the infra-
ocular portion of the geuae; antennae luteous, as long as the hind
femora in the male. Pronotum subequal, feebly expanding on the
metazona, the disk feebly convex and passing by a broadly rounded
shoulder into the subvertical lateral lobes, which in the male are
marked on the upper half of the prozona by a slightly mottled, glis-
tening, brownish fuscous band; median carina distinct on the metazona,
obsolete on the prozona; front margin subtruncate, hind margin obtus-
angulate; prozona feebly longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female),
slightly longer than the closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine
rather short, conical, erect, anteriorly appressed ; interspace between
mesosternal lobes more than twice (male) or nearly twice (female) as
long as broad. Tegmina a little surpassing the hind femora, moder-
ately slender, gently tapering, brownish fuscous, sometimes with a fer-
ruginous tinge, more or less feebly flecked with obscure maculae in the
discoidal area; wings pellucid, very faintly iufumated, the veins black
or blackish fuscous. Fore and middle femora of male feebly tumescent;
hind femora luteo-testaceous, bifasciate with pale fusco ferruginous
above, the outer face feebly infuscated, the lower face luteous, the genic-
ular arc blackish fuscous; hind tibiae very pale glaucous, pallescent
basally, the spines black in their apical half, ten to twelve in number
in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate and
recurved, the supraanal plate longer than broad, tapering at first
slightly then rapidly, the apex obtusangulate except for a slight pro-
duction, the surface nearly plane, the median sulcus slight and incon-
spicuous; furcula consisting of a pair of adjacent flattened plates,
very broad on basal third, then rapidly contracted, and continuing on
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI-SCUDDER. 301
apical third as parallel, cylindrical but tapering, acuminate needles,
reaching to the distal end of the middle third of the supraanal plate;
cerci slender feebly compressed laminae, rapidly narrowing on basal
third, the middle third equal, hardly compressed and half as broad as-
extreme base, then expanding to a nearly equal extent to form a corn-
pressed, spatulate, incurved tip, the apical portion of which is very
strongly compressed and not in<urved; infracercal plates broadly-
rounded apically, as long as the supraanal plate; subgenital plate mod-
erately broad, subequal in breadth, considerably longer than broad,
feebly flaring, the apical margin very broadly and feebly elevated, well
rounded but feebly angulate, entire.
Length of body, male, 25 mm., female, 28 mm.; antennae, male, 12.5
inm.; tegmina, male, 19? mm., female, 21 mm.; hind femora, male, 12.75
mm., female, 14.25 mm.
One male, 1 female. Grand Canyon of the Colorado, Arizona, July
10 (L. Bruner).
This species is rather closely allied to the last, M. complanatipes, but
is easily distinguished from it by its less strongly compressed hind
femora with their bifasciate markings. The differences in the abdom-
inal appendages are slight, but are found at every point.
21. ANGUSTIPENNIS SERIES.
A very homogeneous group (and one very closely allied to the pre-
ceding), in which the prozona of the male is variable, and the interval
between the mesosternal lobes in the same sex varies from a little
longer to several times longer than broad. The tegmina are always
fully developed and reach or somewhat surpass the tips of the hind
femora. The hind tibiae are red or glaucous and have from nine to
thirteen spines in the outer series.
The supraaual plate is long and rounded triangular, and preapically
contracted somewhat conspicuously. The furcula consists of a pair of
slender, tapering, acuminate fingers of considerable length, generally
extending over a third of the supraanal plate. The cerci are rather
short and rather slender, incurved or inbent apically, spatulate, not
nearly reaching the tip of the supraanal plate. The subgenital plate is
large, fully as broad as long, not or but little elevated apically and
there usually feebly notched.
The species, only four in number, are of medium or rather small,
occasionally rather large size, and occur from Iowa to Utah, and from
Montana and Manitoba to Texas, though one species ranges as far east
as Sudbury, Ontario the only one found east of the Mississippi. They
occur mostly in the region between the Rocky Mountains and the Mis-
sissippi.
302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
92. MELANOPLUS COMPTUS, new species.
(Plate XX, fig. 2.)
Of small size and brownish fuscous color. Head dull brownish
luteous somewhat uniformly infumated, above much iufuscated with
only a feeble mottling of luteous ; vertex feebly tumid, only slightly
elevated above the level of the pronoturn, the interspace between the
eyes as broad as the first antennal joint; fastigiuin strongly declivent,
rather deeply sulcate throughout; frontal costa equal, as broad as the
interspace between the eyes, shallowly sulcate at and below the ocel-
lus, biseriately punctate; eyes rather large and prominent, much longer
than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae fulvous, more than
three-fourths as long as the hind femora. Pronotum brownish fuscous
above, luteo-testaceous on lateral lobes, the latter marked above on the
prozona by a broad dull piceous stripe sometimes tinged with smoky
olivaceous; disk scarcely expanding on the metazona, very broadly
convex and passing into the inferiorly vertical Lateral lobes by a well
rounded shoulder nowhere forming distinct lateral carinae; median
carina obsolete on the prozona; front margin transverse, almost imper-
ceptibly einarginate in the middle, hind margin obtusangulate, the
angle rounded; prozona subquadrate or feebly longitudinal, distinctly
longer than the closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short,
conico-cylindrical, compressed, erect, very blunt; interspace between
mesosternal lobes of male at least three times as long as broad, the
nietasternal lobes attingent for some distance. Tegmiua brownish fus-
cous, immaculate or very obscurely and feebly maculate in the discoidal
area, slender, subequal, scarcely expanded on the costa, surpassing a
little the hind femora; wings rather narrow, pellucid, glistening, the
veins pale blue on the lower, fuscous or blackish on the upper half.
Fore and middle femora but little tumid, luteo-testaceous blotched with
fuscous; hind femora luteo-ferruginous, obscured with fuscous above
and on outer face, above interruptedly, so as to cause feeble signs of
dusky fasciation, beneath chrome yellow, the genicular arc dull luteous,
edged only with fuscous; hind tibiae red, narrowly pallid at extreme
base, the spines black on apical half, ten to eleven in number in the
outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate, somewhat
upturned, the supraanal plate long triangular, the basal three-fifths
with well rounded uptilted sides, beyond which the plate is laterally
notched and contracted, the apex produced and very acutangulate, the
tip blunt, the median sulcus broad and not very deep, terminating with
the basal portion; furcula consisting of a pair of depressed, uniformly
tapering, acuminate, slightly divergent fingers less than a third as long
as the supraanal plate; cerci rather sbort and not very broad, regularly
spatulate by the regular, slight and gradual mesial contraction, the
apical half rather strongly incurved, externally hollowed, the apex well
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLl SCUDDER. 303
rounded, not nearly reaching the tip of the supraaual plate; infracer-
cal plates well developed, laterally twice as broad as the cerci, well
rounded, distinctly shorter than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate
scoop-shaped, but slightly augulate behind laterally, the apical margin
scarcely elevated and most feebly notched.
Length of body, male, 19 mm. ; antennae, 9 mm. ; tegmina, 15.75 mm. ;
hind femora, 11.25 mm.
Two males. Northern Minnesota; Sidney, Cheyenne County,
Nebraska, August 25 (L. Bruner).
93. MELANOPLUS COCCINEIPES, new species.
(Plate XX, figs. 3-5.)
Caloptenus minor SCUDDER!, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1876), p. 261.
Melanoplus devastator SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878),
pp. 285-286,287-288; (pars), Eiit. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 46-47, 48-49.
Of medium or small size, dark fuscous, often with a ferruginous
tinge. Head slightly prominent, luteo-testaceous, sometimes flecked
or irrorate with fuscous on the face, above much infuscated often with
a ferruginous tinge, and a more or less distinct piceous or subpiceous
postocular stripe; vertex gently tumid, raised a little above the level
of the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes moderately broad,
half as broad again (male) or twice as broad (female) as the first
an teunal joint; fastigiuin rapidly declivent, slightly (male) or scarcely
(female) sulcate throughout; frontal costa just failing to reach the
clypeus, equal or feebly broader below, scarcely narrower than the
interspace between the eyes, feebly sulcate at and below the ocellus,
biseriately punctate; eyes moderately large and prominent, as long as
the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae more than three-fourths
(male) or a little more than three-fifths (female) as long as the hind
femora, fulvous, sometimes feebly infuscated. Prouoturn dark fuscous,
occasionally ferruginous, the disk sometimes with a distinct, broad,
equal, piceous band crossing the prozona above and occasionally
vaguely continued across the metazona, usually marked beneath by
luteous, or the whole lower portion luteous; disk very broadly convex,
passing by an abruptly rounded shoulder, nowhere* forming lateral
carinae, into the vertical lateral lobes, which are slightly tumid anteri-
orly; median carina subobsolete on the prozona; front margin faintly
convex, hind margin not very obtusely angulate; prozona longitudinal
(male) or quadrate (female), a little (male) or scarcely (female) longer
than the closely but somewhat obscurely punctate metazona. Pro-
sternal spine not very long, cylindrical, erect, very blunt; interspace
between raesosternal lobes twice (female) or four times (male) as long
as broad, the rnetasternal lobes attingent for some distance (male) or
subattingent (female). Tegmiua reaching or a little surpassing the
tips of the hind femora (varying in both sexes), tapering gently, brown-
ish fuscous more or less indistinctly maculate with fuscous, sometimes
304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
blackish fuscous, and pallid; wings hyaline, iridescent, the veins
brownish fuscous anteriorly and apically. Fore and middle femora but
very little tumid in the male; hind femora varying from luteo-testa-
ceous to ferruginous, the inner half of the upper face bifasciate with
fuscous, which sometimes crosses also the outer half of the same and
rarely extends upon the tipper portion of the outer face, and is occa-
sionally subobsolete altogether, the lower face and lower half of
the outer face nearly always luteous or lutescent, the outer face
often streaked with blackish fuscous along its upper margin; hind
tibiae bright red, the spines black except at base, ten to thirteen in
number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate
and upturned, the supraanal plate ovate with an apical ovate exten-
sion, the sides well rounded and broadly elevated, the apical portion
about a fifth of the whole and a miniature of the base, the median sul-
cus rather large, with well-rounded walls, per current but interrupted
in the depressed zone beyond the middle; furcula consisting of a pair
of strongly divergent, arcuate, somewhat depressed but rounded, regu-
larly tapering, acuminate fingers, less than a third as long as the
supraanal plate; cerci rather small, compressed, incurved plates,
gradually constricted in the middle and well rounded apically, the
apical half broadly depressed or sulcate exteriorly, not nearly reaching
the tip of the supraanal plate; infracercal plates similar to those of
M. comptus, but a little less broad and almost as long as the supraanal
plate; subgeuital plate forming a regular, well-rounded, hardly flaring
scoop, the apical margin very feebly elevated and broadly and faintly
notched.
Length of body, male, 22.5 mm., female, 25 mm.; antennae, male, 9.75
mm., female, 8.5 mm.; tegrniua, male, 16.5 mm., female, 17 mm.; hind
femora, male, 12.75 mm., female, 13.5 mm.
Twenty-eight males, 31 females. Sudbury, Ontario, July; Nebraska,
Dodge; Sand Hills, Nebraska, July (L. Bruner) ; Fort Eobinson, Dawes
County, August 21, Gordon, Sheridan County and Valentine, Cherry
County, Nebraska, Bruner (U.S.N.M. Kiley collection); Barbour
County, Kansas, Cragin (L, Bruner); Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas,
3,000 feet, September 1 ; Colorado, 5,500 feet, Morrison ; Rocky Moun-
tains, Colorado, August (University of Kansas); Denver, Colorado,
October 5; Beaver Brook, Jefferson County, Colorado, Uhler; Garden
of the Gods, El Paso County, Colorado, October 6 ; Manitou, El Paso
County, Colorado, August 9; Colorado Springs, El Paso County, Colo-
rado, August, E. S. Tucker (University of Kansas); Garland, Costilla
County, Colorado, 8,000 feet, August 28-29; Salt Lake, Utah, July 21,
Packard.
Specimens sometimes occur, probably only in sandy stations, in which
the insects are of a nearly uniform flavous color, often tinged slightly
with ferruginous, giving a very different general appearance from the
normal.
NO. 1124. /,'/; r/s/o.v OF THE MI:L \\OPLI SCUDDER. 305
94. MELANOPLUS ANGUSTIPENNIS.
(Plate XX, tig. 6.)
Caloptenun angtwtipennis DODGE, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 111. BKUNKR, ibid.,
IX (1877), p. 145. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 43. BRUXER,
ibid., Ill (1883), p. 60.
Melanoplm angustipennis BRUNER, Bull. Wasbb. Coll., I (1885), p. 138; Bull.
Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XIII (1887), p. 11. OSBORN, Proc. Iowa
Acad. Sc., I, Pt. ii (1892), p. 118. BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric.,
XXVIII (1893), pp. 24-25, fig. 12 : Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 27.
Of medium size, dark-fuscous. Head feebly prominent, plumbeo- or
ferrugineo- testaceous, often mottled with fuscous, above much infus-
cated, except at the margins of the eyes, and with a postocular piceous
band; vertex gently tumid, slightly elevated above the pronotum, the
interspace between the eyes considerably broader than (male) or nearly
twice as broad as (female) the first antenna! joint; fastigium strongly
declivent, distinctly (male) or feebly (female) sulcate throughout;
frontal costa equal, percurrent, as broad as the interspace between the
eyes, faintly sulcate at and below the ocellus, biseriately punctate;
eyes moderately large and prominent, as long as the intraocular portion
of the genae; antennae fulvous, about five-sixths (male) or two-thirds
(female) as long as the hind femora. Pronoturn dark fuscous, lighter on
the lateral lobes, with a subluteous median streak, bordering a broad
postocular piceous band on the prozona; disk feebly enlarging pos-
teriorly, very broadly convex, passing into the vertical lateral lobes by a
roundly angulated shoulder, forming tolerably distinct lateral carinae
on the posterior half of the pronotum; median carina distinct on the
metazona, obsolete (male) or subobsolete (female) on the prozona; front
margin subtruiicate, hind margin obtusangulate; prozona longitudinal
(male) or quadrate (female), distinctly (male) or scarcely (female) longer
than the closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine not very long,
erect, conico-cyliudrical, blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes
more than twice as long as broad (male) or quadrate (female), the meta-
sternal lobes attingent over a brief space (male) or approximate (female).
Teginina reaching or slightly surpassing the tips of the hind femora,
slender, tapering, brownish-fuscous, immaculate or with very obscure
and feeble maculation along the middle line; wings moderately narrow,
hyaline, iridescent, with relatively few dark veins and these not so
dark as usual. Fore and middle femora distinctly but not greatly tumid
in the male; hind femora olivaceo-luteous, more or less infuinated or
infuscated excepting below, the inner half of the upper face feebly
bifasciate with fuscous, and the geniculation more or less infuscated;
hind tibiae glaucous, apically growing feebly lutescent, the spines black
apically, pallid basally, nine to twelve in number in the outer series.
Extremity of male abdomen a little clavate but scarcely recurved, the
supra-anal plate long triangular with broadly upturned basally convex
Proc. K M. vol. xx 20
306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
sides, laterally compressed just before the apex and the margin a little
tortuous, the apex itself strongly acutangulate but blunt, the median
sulcus percurrent, but nearly effaced at the constriction; furcula con-
sisting of a pair of slender, subcylindrical, pretty strongly divergent,
arcuate, regularly tapering, acuminate fingers, not a third as long as the
supraanal plate; cerci consisting of spatulate incurved pads, hardly
three times as long as the basal breadth, gently and slightly tapering
from base to middle, beyond well rounded, nearly as broad as at base,
exteriorly hollowed, and reaching only to the compressed part of the
supraaual plate; irifracercal plates forming broad tapering cushions
for the cerci to rest upon, as long as the supraanal plate; subgenital
plate forming a feebly flaring quadratic scoop, the apical margin feebly
elevated laterally and between these elevations feebly notched.
Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 22.5 mm.; antennae, male, 10
mm., female, 8.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 1C mm., female, 16.5mm.; hind
femora, male, 11.5 mm., female, 13 mm.
Three males, 3 females. Fort Eobinson, Dawes County, Nebraska,
August (L. Bruner); West Point, Cuming County, Nebraska, July
(U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Yellowstone, Montana, August (L.
Bruner). Since description, Mr. W. S. Blatchley has sent me speci-
mens from Lake County, Indiana.
Bruner states that this species feeds on Artemisia and prefers u to
jump from plant to plant rather than to alight upon the ground." " It
occurs both on high and low lauds, but appears to be somewhat partial
to old breakings and well-fed pastures of many years' use.' 7
I suspect that the insect from Minnesota, described by Thomas 1 as a
variety of Caloptenus occidentalis, may belong to this species.
95. MELANOPLUS IMPIGER, new species.
(Plate XX, figs. 7, 8.)
Of moderately large size, above rather light brownish fuscous with
a ferruginous tinge, below luteo-testaceous. Head slightly prominent,
dull luteo-testaceous, often punctate with olivaceous, with a postocular
piceous band, and above much mottled or marmorate with fuscous;
vertex gently tumid, considerably elevated above the level of the pro-
notuin, the interspace between the eyes fully half as broad again (male)
or fully twice as broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium
steeply declivent, shallowly and broadly sulcate, sometimes feebly
in the female; frontal costa percurrent (male) or scarcely percurrent
(female), feebly contracted above but otherwise subequal, as broad as
the interspace between the eyes, and so distinctly broader in the female
than in the male, feebly but variably sulcate at and a little below the
ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes rather large, not very prominent,
distinctly longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae
Rep. U. S. Geol. & Geogr. Surv., V., p. 162.
NO. 1 124. RE riSIOX OF THE MELA NOPLISC UDDER. 307
fulvous or flavous, more (male) or less (female) than two-thirds as long
as the hind femora. Proiiotuin subequal, feebly enlarging posteriorly,
with a very broad postocular piceous band, occasionally maculate
especially in the female, rarely surpassing the prozona and then broad-
ening and decidedly weakening on the metazona; disk very broadly
convex, passing by a blunt shoulder nowhere forming distinct lateral
carinae into the vertical, anteriorly feebly tumid, lateral lobes; median
carina distinct on the metazona, subobsolete on the prozona, sometimes
wholly obsolete between the sulci; front margin subtruncate, hind
margin obtusangulate, the angle rounded; prozona longitudinal (male)
or quadrate (female), distinctly (male) or scarcely (female) longer than
the ruguloso-punctate metazona. Prosternal spine conical, bluntly
pointed (male) or appressed cylindrical, very blunt (female), moderately
long, erect; interspace between mesosternal lobes about three times as
long as (male) or a little longer than (female) broad, the metasterual
lobes attingent over a considerable space (male) or approximate (female).
Thoracic pleura luteous, the incisures black and the mesothoracic epi-
inera darber than the ground, often blackish or even black. Tegmina
surpassing considerably the hind femora, of normal breadth, feebly
tapering, brownish fuscous, with usually very distinct and prominent
maculation of quadrate blackish spots, interrupting a median luteous
or pallid stripe in the basal half, becoming a sprinkling of blackish
dots beyond, sometimes found also more or less obscurely in the other
areas; wings moderately broad, hyaline, sometimes very feebly infu-
inated at the edge near the tip, the veins bluish fuscous apically and
anteriorly. Fore and middle legs only a little tumid in the male,
luteo-testaceous flecked with fuscous; hind femora luteo-testaceous,
twice barred above with blackish fuscous besides a basal spot, and
more or less deeply infuscated geniculation, the bars liable on the
middle of the outer face to fuse more or less completely into a
median stripe, which sometimes suffuses the whole face; lower face
sometimes feebly roseate; hind tibiae very feebly valgate, glaucous,
occasionally feebly infuscated, the base and tip feebly lutescent, with
a narrow postbasal fusco-glaucous annulus, the spines rather short, black
beyond their pallid bases, ten to eleven in number in the outer series.
Extremity of male abdomen slightly clavate, upturned but scarcely
recurved, the supraanal plate ovate- triangular, broadest at some dis-
tance beyond the base, the sides broadly and gently uplifted, the eleva-
tion abruptly broken by a preapical lateral transverse sulcation, the
apex acutangulate, the median sulcus occupying only the basal half.
and very shallow and equal, except when, as sometimes, the apical por-
tion is much compressed; furcula consisting of a pair of long and slen-
der, equally tapering and acuminate, more or less flattened, slightly
divergent and very feebly arcuate fingers, somewhat less than half as
long as the supraanal plate; cerci small, compressed, subequal, incurved,
lateral plates, gradually and rather slightly contracted mesially, the tip
308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL
well rounded, subspatulate, and exteriorly broadly sulcate or depressed,
reaching only the break in the lateral margin of the supraanal plate;
infracercal plates extending laterally distinctly beyond the cerci, and
apically to the tip of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate pretty regu-
larly scoop- shaped, scarcely flaring, the apical margin almost entire, or
emarginate only by a feeble lateral elevation of the margin as seen from
behind.
Length of body, male, 26.5 mm., female, 27 mm.; antennae, male, 11
mm., female, 10.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 22 mm., female, 21 mm.; hind
femora, male, 15.5 mm., female, 16 mm.
Sixteen inales,36 females. Texas, Liucecum, Belfrage, Schaupp (S. H.
Scudder; L. Bruner); Dallas, Texas, Boll (S. II. Scudder; L. Bruner;
Museum Comparative Zoology); Bosque County, Texas, October 3,
November 1, Belfrage; TJvalde, Texas, last of July, E. Palmer; San
Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, June, M. Newell, (L. Bruner); Carrizo
Springs, Dimmit County, Texas, November, A. Wadgymar (L. Bruner) ;
Corpus Christi Bay, Nueces County, Texas, December 11-20, E. Palmer;
Gulf Coast of Texas, Aaron; Barber County, Kansas, Cra-gin (L.
Bruner).
I had formerly mistaken this species for Cal. occidentalis Thomas, and
distributed specimens under that name. This note may serve to correct
the error. The longer furcula serves somewhat readily to distinguish
this species from the preceding, smaller and less heavily maculate
species.
22. PACKARDII SERIES.
This is a group in which the prozona of the male is usually quadrate
or subquadrate, and the interval between the mesothoracic lobes of the
same sex varies from quadrate to fully twice as long as broad. The
prosternal spine is usually rather short, often appressed. The tegmina
are always fully developed and reach or surpass a little the tips of the
hind femora; the hind tibiae are generally red, sometimes blue, and
have nine to twelve spines in the outer series.
The supraanal plate is as in the colliuus series. The furcula is
slightly developed, consisting of moderately slender deuticu-latious, not
longer than the last dorsal segment. The cerci are generally moder-
ately broad, gently spatulate, the apical portion generally inbent,
sometimes merely incurved, often externally snlcate. The subgenital
plate is never very broad, ordinarily rather narrow, subequal or apically
narrowed, the apical margin neither elevated nor prolonged, and gen-
erally well rounded and entire.
The five species are of rather large or medium size, and comprise
two tolerably distinct sets: one, of two species, of ordinary form, with
short, apically truncate cerci, not nearly attaining the tip of the supra-
anal plate, and with strongly divergent forks to the furcula; and a
second, of three species, of very robust form, cerci which though short
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 309
reach or nearly reach the tip of the supraanal plate and are apically
sulcate, with parallel or subparallel distant forks to the furcula.
The species are all found west of the Mississippi, ranging from
British Columbia and Assiniboia to Central Mexico, but are not known
in California except in the north.
..'.. .'-'. :
96. MELANOPLUS PACKARDII.
(Plate XXI, figs. 1-4.)
Caloptenus fasciatus SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII (1875), p. 477;
Ent. Notes, IV (1875), p. 76; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1876), p. 261.
BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 144. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I
(1878), p. 42. SCUDDER!, Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 21.
Melanoplus packardii SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), p. 287;
Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 46; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., II (1881), App.,
p. 24, pi. XVH. figs. 7-8. BRUNER, ibid., Ill (1883), p. 60; Can. Ent., XVII
(1885), p. 18; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 139; Rep. U. S. Ent., 1885 (1886),
p. 307. CAULFIELD, Rep. Eut. Soc. Out., XVIII (1888), p. 71. KOEHELE,
Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXII (1890), p. 94. BRUNER, Publ. Nebr.
Acad. So., Ill (1893), p. 27.
Melanophts packardii rafipes COCKERELL, Entoui., XXII (1889), p. 127.
Pezoteltix arJcansana MCNEILL!, MS.
Of tolerably large size, brownish yellow. Head a little prominent,
luteo testaceous; a broad dark brown or blackish median band extends
from the vertex between the eyes to the posterior extremity of the
pronotum, broadest on the latter and occupying about one-third of it,
but sometimes, and especially in southern examples, wholly absent
from the pronotum; besides this, another band runs from behind
the eye to the anterior margin of the metazona; generally this is
comparatively narrow and often obscure, but often sends off streaks
of blackish fuscous down the incisures, and is sometimes tolerably
distinct and uniformly deep in tint; vertex considerably tumid, well
raised above the level of the pronotum, the interspace between the
eyes fully half as broad again ( male) or more than twice as broad
(female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium strongly declivent,
slender, with parallel sides, and rather deeply sulcate; frontal costa as
broad as the interspace between the eyes, equal, scarcely sulcate below
the ocellus, biseriately punctate above; eyes large, not very prominent
even in the male, elongate but no longer than the infraocular portion of
the genae; antennae yt j llow, somewhat infuscated apically, fully three-
fourths (male) or but little more than two-thirds (female) as long as the
hind femora. Prouotum slightly expanding posteriorly, the disk
broadly convex and passing by a well rounded shoulder, which only
posteriorly forms the semblance of lateral carinae, into the vertical
lateral lobes ; median carina scarcely perceptible except on the meta-
zona, where it is distinct but not prominent; transverse sulci distinct;
310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
front margin subtruncate, hind margin obtusangulate; prozona longi-
tudinal (male) or quadrate (female), only'a little longer than the densely
punctate metazon a. Prostemal spine rather long, erect, subpyramidal,
not very blunt, its anterior face vertical ; interspace between mesoster-
nal lobes fully twice as long as broad (male) or a little longer than
broad (female). Tegniina surpassing a little the hind femora, rather
broad, tapering considerably in the apical half, brownish fuscous, with
a row of dusky quadrate spots down the proximal half of the discoidal
area, but sometimes wholly immaculate. Wings hyaline, glistening,
the veins in the apical and anterior regions fuscous. Legs yellow,
tinged with dull orange, the hind femora faintly bifasciate above
internally, and with the upper exterior cariua black; hind tibiae
normally glaucous, paler and dull at the apex, sometimes uniform
red, the spines pallid, black apically, ten to eleven, rarely twelve,
in number in the outer "series. Extremity of male abdomen distinctly
clavate, but little recurved; supraanal plate triangular, with thickened
feebly upraised edges and a coarse percurrent median sulcus; furcula
consisting of a pair of short, divergent, flattened, tapering, often un-
equally tapering fingers, extending over the supraanal plate by hardly
more than the length of the last dorsal segment; cerci rather small,
strongly compressed, bent inward, nearly equal throughout but smallest
mesially, truncate at tip; subgenital plate moderately broad, subequal.
longer than broad, with nearly even lateral margins, entire and sub-
tuberculate at tip, broadly rounded as viewed from above.
Length of body, male 28.5 mm., female 26 mm. ; antennae, male 12.5
mm., female 10.5 mm. ; tegmina, male 24.5 mm., female 23 mm. ; hind
/femora, male 16 mm., female 15 mm.
Seventy males, 106 females. British Columbia, Crotch (Museum Com-
parative Zoology; S. H. Scudder); La Chappies, YakimaEiver, Wash-
ington, July 16, S. Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zoology); Little
Spokane, Washington, July 24, S. Henshaw (same); Camp Umatilhi,
Washington, June 27, Henshaw (same); Ellensburg, Kittitas County.
Washington, July 14-15, Henshaw (same) ; Wallula, Wallawalla County,
Washington, Packard (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection; S. H. Scudder);
Umatilla, Oregon, June 24, Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zoology;
L. Bruner); Siskiyou County, California (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection);
Boise City, Ada County, Idaho (same) ; Salmon City, Lemhi County,
Idaho (same); Henry Lake, Idaho, August (L. Bruner); Soda Springs,
Bannock County, Idaho (same); Montana (U.S.N.M. Eiley collec-
tion); Yellowstone, Montana (same); Fort Benton, Choteau County,
Montana, July (same); Glendive, Dawson County, Montana, Bruner
(same); Fort McKinney, Johnson County, Wyoming, July (same);
Crawford County, Iowa, July 13-24, J. A. Allen; Deuison, Crawford
County, Iowa, July 20, Allen; Dallas County, Iowa, August, Allen;
Jefferson, Greene County, Iowa, July 20-24, in coitu, Allen ; Nebraska,
Dodge (S. Henshaw; S. H. Scudder); Pine Eidge, Nebraska, July (L.
Bruuer)- Valentine, Cherry County, Nebraska, Bruuer (U.S.N.M.
NO. 1124. RE VISION OF THE MELA NOPLISC UDDER. 311
Kiley collection; L. Bruner); Gordon, Sheridan County, Nebraska,
Bruner (same); Fort Robinson, Dawes County, Nebraska, August 22,
Bruner (same); West Point, Cuming County, Nebraska (L. Bruner);
Cheyenne County, Kansas, Cragin (same); Lakin, Kearny County,
Kansas, 3,000 feet, September 1 ; Finney County, Kansas, H. W. Menke
(University of Kansas) ; Pine Bluff, Jefferson County, Arkansas, Sep-
tember 1 (J. McNeill); Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 4,300 feet, August
1-4; American Fork Canyon, Utah County, Utah, 9,500 feet, August
2-3; Salt Lake, Utah, July 26, common, A. S. Packard; Spring Lake
Villa, Utah County, Utah, August 1-4, B. Palmer; Euby Valley, Ne-
vada, E. Ridgway; Colorado, 5,500 feet, Morrison (S. Henshaw; S. H.
Scudder); Colorado, July (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Garden of the
Gods, El Paso County, Colorado, July, October (University of Kansas;
S. H. Scudder) ; Colorado Springs, El Paso County, Colorado, July,
August, E. S. Tucker (University of Kansas); Florissant, El Paso
County, Colorado, 8,000 feet, August 17-22; Pueblo, Colorado, 4,700
feet, July 8-9, August 30-31; Poudre River, Colorado, (L. Bruner);
Santa Fe, New Mexico, June, T. D. A. Cockerell; Texas, Belfrage,
June-September (U.S.N.M. Riley collection; S. H. Scudder); Dallas,
Texas, Boll (same).
It has also been reported from Garden City, Kansas (Bruner), Regina,
Assiniboia (Caulfield), and northern California, abundant (Koebele).
This species bears a elose general resemblance to M. bivittatus, from
which it is nevertheless very distinct. Bruner says, wit a regard to it,
that "it never leaves the open country for timbered or low localities
where the vegetation is rank," as that and other species do. It is a
prairie species.
Cockerell has given the variety with red hind tibiae a distinctive
name. I have seen it from British Columbia, Washington, Oregon,
northern California, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Kansas, Utah, Nevada,
Colorado, and 2s ew Mexico. It appears to be the prevailing if not exclu-
sive form in some northern parts of its range. Specimens before me
from Wyoming, Iowa, and Texas have blue legs only; both forms occur
in Montana, Nebraska, Utah, and Colorado.
In coloring and markings it is one of the most variable species of
Melanoplus known to me, but I have been unable to find grounds for
specific distinctions between the various forms, which seem to run into
each other completely.
97. MELANOPLUS FOEDUS.
(Plate XX, fig. 9.)
Melanoplus foedus SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc.Nat. Hist., XX (1879), p. 69; Cent.
Orth. (1879), p. 58. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comra., Ill (1883), p. 61; Ins.
Life, IV (1891), p. 146; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXVII (1892), p. 29;
ibid., XXVIII (1893), pp. 21-22, fig. 9 a b; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893),
p. 27; Rep. Nebr. St. Bd. Agric., 1893 (1893), p. 460.
Of medium or rather large size. Head rather large, not elevated,
slightly arched; eyes pretty large, but not prominent; interspace
312 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA TIG XA L U USE UM. VOL. xx.
between the eyes as broad (male) or half as broad again (female) as the
lirst antenna! joint; fastigium shallow (female) or moderately sulcate
(male) with low, stout, nearly parallel, bounding walls and scarcely
expanding in front; frontal costa stout, well advanced, subequal,
scarcely enlarging downward, above flat, at the ocellus and below it a
little and broadly sulcate. Pronotum simple, the metazoua coarsely
and faintly punctate, expanding very slightly and a little depressed
above anteriorly, on either side; prozona narrowed a little in front but
above only; transverse sulci distinct and continuous; median carina
slight and confined to the rnetazona, lateral carinae subobsolete. Pro-
sternal spine not very long, erect, appressed conical, blunt; interspace
between mesosternal lobes thrice (male) or nearly twice (female) as long
as broad. Tegmina extending a little (female) or considerably (male)
beyond the abdomen. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, hardly
recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, considerably longer than
broad, bluntly pointed, the sides nearly straight, slightly puckered in
the middle; furcula consisting of a pair of sinuous, depressed, conical,
pointed projections, diverging at right angles, about half as long as
the cerci; cerci forming very simple compressed laminae, the basal
three-fifths straight, tapering a little and directed backward and
upward, the apical two-fifths also straight, enlarging slightly, keeping
the same direction but bent a little inward, the outer surface a little
hollowed, the extremity truncate, its corners rounded; subgenital lobe
scoop-shaped but slightly produced at the apex, the margin entire.
Basal tooth of the lower valves of the ovipositor sharp, triangular, but
much broader than long.
The general color is a dirty cinereous above, a dingy clay yellow
below; antennae dull testaceous, becoming somewhat ferruginous
toward the tip; a pretty broad and usually distinct, blackish brown or
piceous band extends from behind the eye along the upper portion of
the lateral lobes across the prozona, and sometimes as a blurred and
expanded continuation of it across the rnetazona also. Tegmina
brownish cinereous, the anal area sometimes a little lighter, the dis-
coidal area enlivened to a greater or less extent, but seldom conspicu-
ously, by an alternation of blackish and pallid longitudinal rectangular
spots. Hind femora dirty clay brown with dusky incisures, above with
median and subapical dusky or dark fuscous patches; hind tibiae
red with black-tipped spines, ten to twelve in number in the outer
series.
Length of body, male, 24 mm., female, 30 mm.; antennae, male, 13.5
mm., female, 12 mm.; tegmina, male, 21 mm., female, 24 mm.; hind
femora, male, 14 mm., female, 1C.5 mm.
Twelve males, 11 females. Pueblo, Colorado, August 30-31.
The original types of this species are all that I have seen, but it is
said by Bruner to be found also in " Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming,
Utah, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, and the Dakotas, along with New
NO. 1124. EE VISION OF Til /: M I'.LA NOPLISC UDDER. 313
Mexico." As all the specimens seen from tbese regions which might
be referred to this species (and in some instances have been so labeled)
prove to belong to M. packardii, I think it probable that some at least of
these localities may be wrongly given. The species indeed differs
but slightly from M. packardii, and may prove to be merely a varietal
form of it dependent upon station, which in this species is in the dank
vegetation of river bottoms where M. packardii occurs but rarely. I
took a few specimens of the latter, however, in company with the
former.
si , : || . ;:/.,;;
98. MELANOPLUS CORPULENTUS, new species.
(Plate XX, fig. 10.)
Melanoplus corpitlentus BRUNER!, MS.
A heavy-bodied form, somewhat above the medium size, fusco- tes-
taceous, tinged with ferruginous. Head not prominent, olivaceo- testa-
ceous, often much blotched with fuscous, above always much infuscated,
generally in longitudinal streaks, the lateral edges of the fastigium
more or less blackened, aud with a generally distinct postocular stripe;
vertex gently tumid, slightly elevated above the pronotum, the inter-
space between the eyes nearly half as broad again (male) or twice as
broad (female) as the first antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent,
considerably (male) or shallowly (female) sulcate; frontal costa failing
by some distance to reach the clypeus, slightly contracted above, at its
widest as broad as the interspace between the eyes, sulcate at, and in
the male below, the ocellus, punctate throughout; eyes not very large,
feebly prominent in the male, anteriorly truncate (female) or subtrun-
cate (male), about as long as the intraocular portion of the genae;
antennae red, sometimes a little infuscated apically, somewhat more than
four-fifths (male) or than two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora.
Pronotum stout, distinctly enlarging posteriorly, especially in the female,
more or less and irregularly clouded with fuscous on the disk, often
with a ferruginous tinge especially on the metazona, the lateral carinae
occasionally marked obscurely with flavous, the lateral lobes generally
but obscurely infuscated at the upper half of the prozona, often broken
by lighter tints; disk broadly convex, passing into the subvertical
lateral lobes by a rounded shoulder occasionally forming distinct carinae;
median carina distinct on the metazona, less distinct (female) or subob-
solete especially between the sulci (male) on the prozona; front margin
subtruncate, hind margin obtusangulate, the angle generally very
broadly rounded; prozona slightly longitudinal (male) or quadrate or
feebly transverse (female), distinctly (male) or scarcely (female) longer
than the rather obscurely punctate metazona; transverse sulci of pro-
zoua tolerably distinct, feebly arcuate, opening forward. Prosternal
314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
spine moderately long, appressed cylindrical, rather stout, a little
retrorse; interspace between mesosternal lobes about twice as long as
broad (male) or distinctly transverse but narrower than the lobes
(female), the metasternal lobes attingent (male) or moderately distant
(female). Tegmina usually a little surpassing, sometimes hardly attain-
ing the tips of the hind femora, moderately broad, distinctly tapering
in the distal half, blackish fuscous with pallid cross- veins, and heavily
though rather delicately maculate, especially but not exclusively in the
discoidal area; wings ample, hyaline with the feeblest possible bluish
flush, the apical and anterior venation fuscous or blackish fuscous. Fore
and middle femora of male somewhat tumid; hind femora very stout,
with prominent inferior carina, brownish friscous with superior cloudy,
rather broad, dark fasciation, the exterior face more or less testaceous
clouded irregularly with fuscous, the lower face and lower half of inner
face bright deep red, including sometimes a part of the lower genicular
lobes, the rest of the geniculation infuscated; hind tibiae slightly val-
gate, stout, bright deep red, sometimes feebly infuscated at the extreme
tip, the spines short, black to the base, ten to eleven, usually eleven, iu
number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen strongly
clavate, considerably recurved, the supraaual plate subtriaugular with
broadly angulate sides and subrectangulate apex, the surface nearly
plane, a little depressed in the apical half, with a rather shallow and
broad, apically narrowing, percurrent median sulcus ; furcula consisting
of a pair of very slight, short, distant, diverging denticulations lying
on the outer side of the ridges bordering the median sulcus of the supra-
anal plate; cerci compressed, considerably incurved or mesially bent
laminae, hardly three times as long as broad, gradually constricted
mesially, the apex well rounded but subangulate below, the whole apical
portion rather deeply sulcate exteriorly, not reaching the tip of the
supraanal plate; infracercal plates broad, exposed on either side of the
base of the cerci, narrowing rapidly and extending to the tip of the
supraanal plate; subgeiiital plate moderately broad, subequal, the apical
margin well rounded, hardly flaring, mesially subangulate, not elevated,
entire.
Length of body, male, 24 mm., female, 28 mm.; antennae, male, 11.75
mm., female, 11 mm.; tegmiua, male, 16.5 mm., female, 22.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 14 mm., female, 15 mm.
Nineteen males, 15 females. Tlalpan, Mexico, November (L. Bruner) ;
hills about San Luis Potosi, Mexico, October 15, E. Palmer; mount-
ains twelve leagues east of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Palmer; Sierra dc
San Miguelito, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Palmer; Zacatecas, Mexico,
November (U.S.N.M. Kiley collection); Sonora, Mexico, Schott; Silver
City, Grant County, New Mexico, C. H. Marsh (L. Bruiier).
NO. 1124. RE VISION OF THE MEL A NO PLISC UDDER. 315
99. MELANOPLUS CONSPERSUS, new species.
(Plate XXI, fig. 5.)
A stout, medium-sized or rather less than medium sized species,
brownish fuscous above, testaceous beneath. Head a little prominent,
luteo-testaceous clouded with plumbeous, broadly striped above with
blackish fuscous, and with a subpiceous postocular band; vertex
gently tumid, slightly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace
between the eyes considerably broader than (male) or nearly twice as
broad as (female) the first anteiinal joint; fastigium steeply declivent,
distinctly sulcate throughout; frontal costa percurrent, subequal, almost
(female) or quite (male) as broad as the interspace between the eyes,
distinctly sulcate at and below the ocellus, biseriately punctate above;
eyes moderate, slightly prominent in the male, hardly so long as the
infraocular portion of the genae; antennae red, becoming more or less
ID fa seated apically, about four-fifths (male) or about three-fourths
(female) as long as the hind femora. Prouotum stout, distinctly enlar-
ging from in front backward, especially in the female, feebly tinged with
ferruginous, the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona glisten-
ing brownish fuscous, the disk very broadly convex, passing into the
subvertical lateral lobes by a well-rounded shoulder, hardly forming
lateral carinae except feebly on the metazona; median carina percur-
rent, more distinct on the metazoua than on the prozona, alike in the
two sexes; front margin truncate, hind margin obtusangulate; pro-
zona feebly transverse, of the same length as the rather obscurely punc-
tate metazona. Prosterual spine not very high, stout, considerably
appressed, tapering as seen from in front, blunt; interspace between
mesosternal lobes almost twice as long as broad (male) or feebly traits-
verse (female), the metasterual lobes attingent (male) or approximate
(female). Tegmina reaching as far as the hind femora, of moderate
breadth, tapering from the basal fourth, brown, heavily sprinkled
with fuscous dots most abundant in but not confined to the discoidal
area, where in the female they alternate with pallid dashes; wings
moderate, hyaline with pale greenish veins, which become rather feebly
infuscated anteriorly and apically. Fore and middle femora a little
tumid in the male; hind femora very stout, testaceous or pallid testace-
ous, the upper face slightly ferruginous, except the lower third twice
very obliquely and very broadly fasciate with blackish fuscous, the
inferior third flavous, the genicular arc blackish fuscous; hind tibiae
feebly valgate, bright red, the spines black to their base except on their
inner side, ten in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdo-
men somewhat clavate, slightly recurved, the supraanal plate subtri-
angular with basally angulate sides and acutangulate tip, the surface
nearly flat but stepped, the apical half or less at a lower level and the
lateral margins slightly crenate in consequence, the median sulcus
rather slender, percurrent but slight in the apical half; furcula consist-
316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
ing of a pair of slight, distant, slightly divergent, slender denticnla-
tions on the outer side of the ridges bounding the median sulcus of
the supraanal plate; cerci consisting of two parts a straight, slightly
tapering, punctate, compressed lamina about twice as long as broad,
and a more strongly compressed apical flange bent at a tolerably strong
angle with it, a little expanded, apically rounded angulate, externally
deeply sulcate, scarcely falling short of the tip of the supraanal plate;
infracercal plates apparently as in M. corpulentus ; subgenital plate
moderately broad, subequal, the apical margin not elevated, very feebly
flaring, strongly rounded, not mesially angulate, entire.
Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 23.5 mm.; antennae, male, 8.5
mm., female, 9 mm; tegmina, male, 14.5 mm., female, 16 mm; hind
femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 12.5 mm.
One male, 1 female. Southwest Nebraska (L. Bruner).
This species looks like a diminutive form of the preceding, but differs
from it in many points of structure and in coloring, besides those men-
tioned in the table.
ioo. MELANOPLUS COMPACTUS, new species.
(Plate XXI, fig. 6.)
Melanoplus compacius BRUNEK!, MS.
A medium-sized species, blackish fuscous in coloring, more or less
tinged with ferruginous. Head not prominent, rufo-luteous more or
less clouded with fuscous, with a median blackish fuscous stripe above
and a postocular piceous band; vertex gently tumid, feebly elevated
above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes considerably
broader than (male) or nearly twice as broad as (female) the basal
antenual joint; fastigium steeply declivent, sulcate throughout, more
deeply in the male than in the female; frontal costa just failing to
reach the clypeus, feebly narrowed above but otherwise subequal, as
broad as the interspace between the eyes, sulcate at and below the
ocellus, biseriately punctate above; eyes not prominent nor large, about
as long as the intraocular portion of the genae; antennae red, gradually
infuscated apically, in the female more than three-fourths as long as the
hind femora. Pronotum stout, gradually enlarging posteriorly, the lat-
eral lobes of the prozona with a more or less distinct piceous postocular
band, the disk passing into the vertical lateral lobes by a distinctly
though slightly angulated shoulder, for mingfeeblelateralcarinae; median
carina percurrent but much feebler on the prozona than on the metazona;
front margin truncate, hind margin obtusangulate; prozona feebly (male)
or distinctly (female) transverse, no longer than the closely punctate
metazona. Prosternal spine rather short and rather stout, much
appressed, tapering, very blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes
a little longitudinal (male) or a little transverse (female), the nieta-
sternal lobes attingent (male) or moderately distant (female). Tegmina
surpassing a little the hind femora, moderately broad, brownish fuscous
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPL1 SC UDDER. 317
punctate with fuscous, especially in the discoidal area where the puncta
are aligned with lutescent marks; wings moderately ample, hyaline,
the veins pale fuscous, becoming darker anteriorly and apically. Fore
and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora stout,
dull testaceous, very obliquely bifasciate with blackish fuscous, except
beneath, which is flavous; hind tibiae feebly valgate, bright red. the
short black spines with pallid bases, nine to eleven in number in the outer
series. Extremity of male abdomen somewhat clavate, a little recurved,
the supraanal plate subtriangular with acutangnlate apex, nearly plane
surface, apically stepped by a distinct transverse ridge just beyond the
middle, the median sulcus broad and shallow in the basal portion,
narrow beyond; furcula consisting of a pair of slight, distant, parallel
denticulations lying outside the ridges bounding the median sulcus of
the supraanal plate; cerci and infracercal plates entirely as in M. con-
spersus ; subgenital plate rather narrow, equal, not at all flaring, the
apical margin not at all elevated, well rounded, entire.
Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 22.5 mm.; antennae, female,
10 mm.; tegmina, male, 16.25 mm., female, 17.25 mm.; hind femora,
male, 11 mm., female, 12.5 mm
Two males, 2 females. Dakota (U.S.KM. Biley collection) ; Gordon,
Sheridan County, Nebraska, L. Bruner (same).
This species is closely related to the preceding, from which it differs
in the narrowness of the subgenital plate of the male and the
difference in the interspace between the mesosternal lobes. Its general
resemblance is very close.
23. TEXANTJS SERIES.
In this not altogether homogeneous group, the prozona of the male
is longitudinal, generally distinctly longitudinal, and the interspace
between the mesosternal lobes in the same sex is almost, or fully, or
even more than, twice as long as broad. . With the exception of the first
species, the hind margin of the pronotum is obtusangulate. The
antennae are variable. The tegmina are also variable though always
abbreviate, and in most of the species are longer than the pronotum
and overlap, but in the first they are shorter and distant. The hind
tibiae are red or glaucous and have nine to thirteen spines in the outer
series.
The supraanal plate is triangular with more or less elevated margins
and distinct median sulcus; the furcula is reduced to small or even
minute denticulations; the cerci are large, constricted in the middle
and again expanded, more or less incurved and sometimes again
apically bent in the original direction; the subgenital plate is broad,
generally produced or elevated apically, the margin entire.
There are five species, all occurring west of the Mississippi, except
one which is found in the upper Mississippi region; of the others two
occur in Texas (and one of them in Kansas also), a fourth east of the
318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
Sierra Nevada in central California, and the last in central Mexico. I
have also in my collection another species (No. 351) from Mexico, allied
to one of the Texan species, but of which I know only the female, and
therefore do not describe.
This series represents to a certain extent, in brachypterous forms,
the robustus series of macropterous species.
lox. MELANOPLUS DUMICOLA.
(Plate XXI, fig. 7.)
Pezolettix dumicolus SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 76-77;
Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 65-66. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883),
p. 59.
Of small size, smooth and glistening. Head not prominent, the ver-
tex feebly tumid, scarcely elevated above the pronotum, the interspace
between the eyes very narrow, much less than (male) or scarcely equaling
(female) the width of the first an tennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent,
shallow, slender, subspatulate with rather coarse bounding walls;
frontal costa moderate, equal except in being very slightly and roundly
contracted above, wider than the interspace between the eyes, sulcate
at and below the ocellus, sparsely punctate; eyes rather large, rather
prominent especially in the male, very much longer than the infraocular
portion of the genae; antennae four- fifths (male) or two-thirds (female)
as long as the hind femora. Pronotum very simple, uniformly and very
slightly expanding posteriorly, the front border truncate or scarcely
convex, the hind border slightly and broadly mesially einarginate; lat-
eral carinae completely obsolete and uniform, the disk passing insensibly
into the lateral lobes ; median carina faint, very blunt, equal throughout ;
prozona distinctly (female) or very (male) longitudinal, sparsely and
rather faintly punctate, the metazona more distinctly and abundantly
but with minuter puncta. Prosternal spine rather small, erect, conical,
in the female a little appressed; interspace between mesosternal lobes
more than twice as long as broad (male) or quadrate (female). Tegnrina
lateral, minute, considerably shorter than the pronotum, bluntly
rounded apically, the inner margin nearly straight, the costal very con-
vex, the whole twice as long as broad. Fore and middle femora consid-
erably tumid in the male. Extremity of male abdomen considerably
clavate, strongly recurved, the supraaual plate triangular, a very little
longer than broad, the sides nearly straight, the extreme tip blunt;
furcula reduced to a pair of broad, lamellate, triangular teeth, their
angle projecting but little at the middle of either half of the supra-
anal plate; cerci broad, compressed-laminate, subequal but somewhat
and broadly constricted in the middle, straight and directed upward,
the apical half also incurved, the apex excised and produced a little
above; subgenital plate quadrate, tumid, the apical margin semicircu-
NO. 1124. RE I 'TSION OF THE MELA XOPLI-SC UDDER. 319
lar, entire, the pallium projecting over it as a backward directed, stout,
subdepressed, blunt process.
The general color is dark umber above, yellowish testaceous below;
face dull olivaceous, in the female apparently darker by infuscation ;
antennae testaceous, more or less infuscated at the apical half; on the
summit of the head a clay-colored band, which partly encircles the
eyes and extends backward over the pronotum, on which it is very
slightly arched; a similar but much broader and rather paler belt
borders the lower margin of the lateral lobes, while a median line of
the same color occurs on the abdomen, a mere line in front, broadening
as it passes backward, extending over the whole dorsum and apically
confluent with the lighter color of the under surface, leaving on either
side between the upper and lower surfaces a broad but narrowing black
belt. Hind femora with the outer face dark green, more or less infus-
cated, sometimes nearly black, especially on the upper half, the upper
face ferruginous and the lower greenish yellow; hind tibiae rather dull
green, occasionally obscured at either extremity, the spines with their
apical half black, nine, rarely ten, in number in the outer series.
Length of body, male, 14 mm., female, 18.5 mm.; antennae, male, 7.25
mm., female, 7 mm.; tegniina, male, 2.8 mm., female, 3 mm.; hind
femora, male, 9 mm., female, 10.5 mm.
Two males, 3 females. Bosque County, Texas, Belfrage.
Found in woods on plants and bushes in the latter half of September
and the first half of October. Pairs were taken October 11. It is an
aberrant member of the present group.
102. MELANOPLUS VARIABILIS, new species.
(Plate XXI, fig. 8.)
Pezotettix varlabilis BRUNER!, MS.
Of medium size, green, more or less infuscated, the male the darker.
Head a little longer than common but not otherwise prominent, oli-
vaceous green, sometimes feebly suffused with ferruginous, above in
darker examples more or less iufuscated and always darker than below,
with a brownish fuscous postocular band, sometimes broad, sometimes
confined to its upper limits, margined above by lighter tints, the
beginning of a subflavous stripe behind the upper part of the eyes;
vertex gently tumid, faintly elevated above the pronotum, the inter-
spa 3e between the eyes twice (male) or more than thrice (female) as
broad as the first antennal joint; fastigium very gently declivent,
broadly and shallowly (male) or very shallowly (female) sulcate; frontal
costa faintly narrowed above, as broad as (male) or much narrower
than (female) the interspace between the eyes, expanding and evanes-
cent next the clypeus, sulcate at and below the ocellus, sparsely punc-
tate throughout, above biseriately; eyes moderate in size, rather prom-
inent in the male, a little longer than the infraocnlar portion of the
320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
genae; antennae pale rufous or dark olivaceous, apically infuscated,
two-thirds (male) or scarcely more tban half (female) as long as the
hind femora. Prouotum feebly (male) or gently (female) enlarging
posteriorly, olivaceous green, more or less infuscated in the male, with
a broad greenish-fuscous (female) or brownish-fuscous (male) postocular
band confined to the prozona, the lateral carinae above it sometimes
marked with dull flavous; disk nearly plane but subtectate, passing by
an abrupt but rounded augulatiou, forming distinct percurrent lateral
carinae, into the slightly tumid but otherwise vertical lateral lobes;
median carina distinct, sharp, equal, percurrent 5 front margin sub-
truncate, hind margin very obtusaugulate, sometimes rotundato obtus-
angulate; prozona longitudinal (male) or longitudinally subquadrate
(female), but little longer than the densely but shallowly punctate
metazona. Prosternal spine very long, cylindrical or feebly conical,
blunt, somewhat retrorse; interspace between mesosterual lobes more
than half as long again as broad (male) or transversely subquadrate
(female). Tegmina abbreviate, about as long as the prouotum, over-
lapping, short lanceolate, subacumiuate and brownish fuscous (male)
or green more or less suffused with fusco-ferruginous (female). Fore
and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora green
(female) or brownish fuscous (male), the outer face more or less ferru-
ginous (female) or testaceous (male), the under surface sanguineous and
the genicular arc black; hind tibiae green, in the male more or less
infuscated, apically growing very pale ferruginous, the spines pallid,
black-tipped, ten to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity
of male abdomen clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate
triangular, acutangulate at apex, the lateral margins and the sharp
submedian ridges equally and feebly elevated, forming between them
a broad shallow sulcus, the median sulcus moderately broad, percurrent,
not very deep; furcula consisting of a pair of slight approximate tri-
angular denticulations; cerci large, stout, fully twice as long as broad,
much narrowed in the middle by the strong arcuation of the upper
margin, apically expanded into a subtriangular lobe, the whole nearly
straight but slightly upcurved as seen from the side, sinuate as seen
from above (though not so strongly as represented in the figure), being
first curved inward and then slightly outward; subgenital plate sub-
conical, the sides not vertical but inclined inward so that the free mar-
gins unite in an acute angle, while at the same time the apex is pro-
duced and elevated to form a conical marginal tubercle.
Length of body, male, 17.5 mm., female, 22 mm. ; antennae, male and
female, 6.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 6 mm., female, 6.25 mm. ; hind femora,
male, 10.5 mrn., female, 13 mm.
Two males, 2 females. City of Mexico, Mexico, November, L. Bruner ;
Queretaro, Mexico, November (L. Bruner;.
NO. 1 124. HE VISION OF THE MELANOPLISC UDDER. 321
103. MELANOPLUS LEPIDUS, new species.
(Plate XXI, fig. 9.)
lightly below medium size, blackish fuscous, with a feeble ferrugi-
nous tinge. Head not prominent, testaceous, very heavily flecked and
punctate and often suffused with fuscous, above almost wholly blackish
fuscous, with -a slender testaceous stripe separating the dark vertex
from the broad, piceous, postocular band; vertex gently tumid, dis-
tinctly elevated above the prouottim, the interspace between the eyes
scarcely broader than (male) or nearly twice as broad as (female) the
first antenna! joint; fastigium steeply declivent, deeply (male) or mod-
erately (female) sulcate throughout: frontal costa percurrent, faintly
narrowed above in the male, otherwise equal, as broad as the interspace
between the eyes, sulcate at and below the ocellus, punctate through-
out, above biseriately; eyes moderately large, rather prominent, espe-
cially in the male, somewhat longer than the iufraocular portion of the
genae; antennae castaneous, nearly five-sixths (male) or hardly three-
fifths (female) as long as the hind femora. Prouotum subequal, faintly
expanding posteriorly throughout (female) or only on the metazona
(male), the lower portion of the lateral lobes ferrugineo-testaceous,
the upper piceous, at least on the prozoua, and sometimes obscurely so
on the metazona, the disk broadly convex and passing by a scarcely
augulate well-rounded shoulder, nowhere with a semblance of lateral
cariuae, into the vertical lateral lobes; median carina very slight, on
the prozona subobsolete; front margin truncate, hind margin obtus-
angulate; prozona longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), sparsely,
coarsely, and very shallowly punctate, about half as long again as the
finely and closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long,
conical, erect, very blunt, feebly appressed, a little shorter and coarser
in the female than in the male; interspace between mesosternal lobes
nearly half as long again as broad (male) or quadrate (female). Tegmina
abbreviate, about as long as the pronotum, attingent or feebly over-
lapping, broad ovate, nearly or somewhat less than twice as long as
broad, apically augulate, blackish fuscous. Fore and middle femora
somewhat tumid in the male; hind femora slender, particularly in the
female, dull ferrugineo-testaceous, generally very broadly bifasciate
with fuscous, and the whole geniculation fuscous, but these markings
often more or less suffused and confused, the lower face warm testa-
ceous; hind tibiae glaucous or dark glaucous, generally paler at the
base, with a glaucous or fusco glaucous patellar animlus, the spines
black beyond the pallid base, eleven to thirteen in number in the outer
series. Extremity of male abdomen considerably clavate and recurved,
the supraanal plate triangular, with feebly angulate sides and sub-
acutaugulate apex, the margins gently elevated, the median sulcus
equal, percurrent, moderately broad, rather deep, between sharp but
little elevated walls, with a straight median transverse plica; furcula
Proc. N". M. vol. xx 21
322 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
consisting of a pair of distant slight denticulatious, lying well outside
the base of the submedian ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci broad
at base, rapidly tapering to the middle, where they are about half as
broad as at base, beyond again expanding wholly by the triangular
production of the inferior apical portion, the apical margin truncate,
the whole about two and a half times the basal breadth, feebly incurved ;
subgenital plate about as broad as long, the apical margin slightly
elevated above the lateral, the two together, as seen from above, well
rounded, entire.
Length of body, male, 17.5 mm., female, 21 mm.; antennae, male, 8
mm., female, G mm.; tegmina, male and female, 4 mm.; hind femora,
male, 9.25 mm., female, 10.5 mm.
Six males, 7 females. Humboldt Eiver, Nevada, August, S. W. Gar-
man (Museum Comparative Zoology); mountains near Lake Tahoe,
California, October 14, H. W. Henshaw, Wheeler's Expedition, 1876;
Truckee, Nevada County, California, October 10.
104. MELANOPLUS BLATCHLEYI, new name.
(Plate XXI, fig. 10.)
Fezotettix occidental BRUNER, Can. Ent., VIII (1876), p. 124; ibid., IX (1877),
p. 144; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59. McNEiLL, Psyche, VI (1891),
p. 76. OSBORN, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sc., I, Pt.-ii (1892), p. 117. BRUNEK, Publ.
Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 27. BLATCHLEY !, Can. Ent., XXVI (1894), pp.
243-244.
Pezotettix viola BLATCHLEY!, Can. Ent., XXIII (1891), p. 81.
Of moderately large size, cinereo-fuscous with an olivaceous tinge.
Head somewhat prominent, olivaceo-testaceous variably but generally
considerably infuscated, above dark fuscous, separated by a testaceous
stripe from the broad piceous postocular band; vertex gently tumid,
feebly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes
half as broad again (male) or twice as broad (female) as the first antennal
joint; fastigium somewhat steeply declivent, plane, with the lateral
margins faintly raised in the male; frontal costa fading before the clyp-
eus, equal or subequal, as wide as the interspace between the eyes,
sulcate at and below the ocellus, at least in the male, somewhat densely
punctate throughout; eyes moderately large and prominent, very much
longer than the iufraocular portion of the genae; antennae rufo-testa-
ceous, scarcely shorter than (male), or nearly two-thirds as long as
(female) the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, feebly enlarging (at least
below) on the metazona, the sides with a broad piceous postocular band
confined to the prozona in the male, the same being wholly obsolete,
obscure, or confined to the upper limits of the lateral lobes in the female;
disk very broadly convex, passing by a distinct but blunt angulation
forming feeble lateral carinae into the inferiorly vertical lateral lobes;
median carina distinct but not very sharp on the metazoua, subobso-
lete or obsolete, especially between the sulci and, in the male, on the
prozona; front margin truncate, hind margin obtusangulate, the angle
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCVDDER. 323
rounded in the female and sometimes in the male; prozona distinctly
longitudinal (male) or quadrate or feebly longitudinal (female), generally
more (male) or generally less (female) than one-third longer than the
closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine long, appressed cylin-
drical, blunt, retrorse; interspace bet ween mesosternal lobes about half
as long again as broad (male), or feebly transverse (female). Tegmina
abbreviate, a little longer than the pronotum, overlapping, very broad
just beyond the base and rapidly narrowing, short sublanceolate, the
costal margin roundly angulate, apically subacuminate, the dorsal and
lateral fields angularly separated, brownish fuscous, the dorsal field
often cinereous, the lateral often feebly flecked with fuscous. Fore and
middle femora very tumid in the male; hind femora testaceous or flavo-
testaceous r heavily and broadly but sometimes confusedly bifasciate
with blackish fuscous, the geuiculation blackish, the inferior face pale
flavous, pallid apically; hind tibiae red, blackish at the base, fol-
lowed by an obscure pallid annulus, below which the red is feebly
infuscated, the spines black on their apical half, ten to eleven, rarely
nine, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen
strongly clavate, much recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, with
an acutangulate or rectangulate apex, slightly angulate sides which are
considerably and gradually elevated, and a tolerably broad, percurrent,
moderately deep but apically fading median sulcus, broadened at
extreme base, lying between sharp walls; furcula consisting of a pair
of approximate denticulations of varying length, but generally at least
as long as the last dorsal segment, generally slenderer than represented
in the figure; cerci coarse and heavy, broad at base, rapidly narrowing,
so that the middle is about two-thirds as broad as the extreme base,
beyond enlarging slightly, curved rather abruptly inward, and strongly
and abruptly compressed or exteriorly sulcate, the apex rounded sub-
truncate; subgenital plate rather broad and full, the lateral margins
arcuate, the apical margin gently elevated but not tuberculate, entire,
both margins together as seen from above subsemieircular.
Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 24 mm. ; antennae, male, 14 mm.,
female. 10 mm.; tegmina, male, 9.5 mm., female, 8.5 mm.; hind femora,
male, 15 mm., female, 13.5 mm.
Twenty-one males, 10 females. Nebraska, Dodge; Fort Robinson,
Dawes County, Nebraska, August 22, L. Bruner ( U .S.E .M. Riley collec-
tion) ; Omaha, Douglas Cqunty, Nebraska (L. Bruuer ; LT.S.X.M. Riley
collection); St. Louis, Missouri, October 10, 27 (U.S.X.M.^Riley collec-
tion); Moline, Rock Island County, Illinois, McXeill; Putnam County,
Indiana, June 30, October 21 (W. S. Blatchley; A. P. Morse); Yigo
County, Indiana, Blatchley (A. P. Morse). It has also been reported
from Iowa (Osborn).
According to Blatchley and Bruner it is found in woods. Bruner's
specific name for this insect is preoccupied by Thomas.
324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
105. MELANOPLUS TEXANUS.
(Plate XXII, fig. 1.)
Pezotettix texanus SCUDDER!, Proc. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 80-81;
Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 69-70. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883),
p. 59.
Pezotettix scudderi BRUNER!, Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 136.
Of moderately large size. Head hardly prominent, the vertex tumid,
a little elevated above the pronotuin, the interspace between the eyes
half as broad again (male) or twice as broad (female) as the first anten-
nal joint; fasti gium rather steeply declivent, so shallow as to be hardly
perceptible, broad, enlarging, and well rounded apically; frontal costa
moderate, rather prominent, equal, plane, nowhere sulcate excepting
at and for a short distance below the ocellus and slightly, as broad as
the interspace between the eyes, delicately punctate throughout; eyes
moderately large, moderately and similarly prominent in the two sexes
a little longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae five-
sevenths (male) or two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora.
Pronotum very simple, nearly equal, enlarging a little on the metazona
(male) or enlarging posteriorly to a considerable extent and uniformly
throughout (female), the front margin scarcely convex (male) or trun-
cate (female), the hind border very broadly augulate; median carina
distinct and abrupt but slight and equal, the lateral carinae subobso-
lete; prozona distinctly longitudinal (male) or longitudinally subquad-
rate (female), about a third longer than the very faintly rugulose
metazona. Prosternal spine long, subconical, mesially enlarged, blunt,
a little retrorse ; interspace between mesosternal lobes twice or more
than twice as long as broad (male) or subquadrate, by exception half as
long again as broad (female). Tegmiua abbreviate, overlapping, pro-
duced ovate, about as long as the head and pronotum together, nearly
twice as long as broad, the inner margin rather gently the costal mar-
gin considerably convex, the tip roundly pointed. Fore and middle
femora somewhat tumid in the male. Extremity of male abdomen
clavate, considerably recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, a very
little broader than long, pointed, the sides nearly straight; furcula con-
sisting of a pair of slight but broad, depressed, angular teeth, their
points as far apart as the width of one of them; cerci rather broad
and straight, broadly and roundly constricted in the middle, the
extremity truncate and rounded, the whole directed toward the apex of
the subgenital plate and curved considerably inward; subgenital plate
bluntly subconical, the margin quadrate, the apical margin a little ele-
vated, recurved, and entire.
The general color is a dull somewhat cinereous brown above, a dirty
but rather pale greenish brown below, marked conspicuously by a very
broad straight piceous belt, scarcely broader behind than in front,
extending from the eyes across the prozona, its upper edge at the
NO. 1 1 24. R E VISION OF THE MELA NOPLISC UDDER. 325
lateral carinae; antennae pale red, apically infuscated. The upper sur-
face of the body and the tegmina are more or less profusely dotted with
very pale fuscous; an oblique, cuneiform, yellow dash, the apex in front
and above, follows the ridge of the metathoracic episterna, margined
on either side by an equal piceous belt. The hind femora generally
partake of the color of the upper surface of the body, but appear darker
from being specked with blackish fuscous dots, which generally cluster
more or less into two very oblique bands in the middle and beyond the
middle, and also margin interruptedly the upper outer carina; hind
tibiae red, the apical half of the spines black, these eleven to thirteen,
generally eleven, in number in the outer series.
Length of body, male, 23.5 mm., female, 31 mm.; antennae, male, 10
mm., female, 11 mm.; tegmina, male, 7.6 mm., female, 10 mm.; hind
femora, male, 14 mm., female, 17 mm.
Five males, 12 females. Texas, Belfrage (U.S.X.M. Kiley collec-
tion); Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas, May (same); Dallas, Texas,
Boll (same; S. H. Scudder); Labette Counfcy, Kansas, W. S. Newlon
(L. Bruuer).
24. PLEBEJUS SERIES.
In this somewhat homogeneous group, the prozona is distinctly
longitudinal in both sexes (the female of one species is not known) and
nearly or quite half as long again as the metazona, the posterior margin
of which is subtruncate or truncate or sometimes very obtusangulate.
The interspace between the mesosternal lobes in the male is more than
twice, sometimes thrice, as long as broad. The tegmina are very vari-
able; one species is dimorphic, having either fully developed tegmina
and wings considerably surpassing the tips of the hind femora, or
ovate lanceolate overlapping tegmina, acuminate at tip and a little
longer than the pronotum; another is macropterous with subequal
tegmina, reaching the tips of the hind femora; the other species are
brachypterous, but the tegmina are variably shaped, sometimes as
in the brachypterous form of the dimorphic species, at others either
rounded ovate and attingent, or widely separated and lateral.
The supraanal plate is triangular, with generally a tolerably plane
surface; the furcula is obsolete, subobsolete, or reduced to mere brief
denticulatious; the cerci are long, constricted in the middle, but
expanding only a little apically, incurved, and bluntly rounded or
inferiorly subacuminate at tip; the subgenital plate is always small,
distinctly narrower than long, often narrowing apically, and sometimes
ends in a tubercle.
There are five species, most of them widely separated from one
another: one occurs in the upper Mississippi valley from the Dakotas
to Kentucky, while the others are found respectively in Florida (two
species), Texas, and California.
326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
106. MELANOPLUS PLEBEJUS.
(Plate XXII, fig. 2.)
Pezotettix plebejm STAL, Bill. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 12.
Pezotettix pupacformis SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. oc. Nat. Hist., XX, (1879), pp.
83-84; Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 72-73. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill
(1883), p. 59.
Of medium or slightly above medium size. Head not prominent, the
vertex feebly turnid, scarcely elevated above the pronotum, the inter-
space between the eyes half as broad again (male) or twice as broad
(female) as the first autennal joint; fastigium rather steeply declivent,
broad, shallow, enlarging slightly in front, the bounding walls low and
rounded; frontal costa moderate, equal, as broad as (male) or slightly
narrower than (female) the interspace between the eyes, flat, sunken a
little at the ocellus, and in the female sulcate below it, biseriately
punctate above ; eyes large, rather prominent, very much longer, espe-
cially in the male, than the infraocular portion of the geuae; antennae
fully two-thirds (male) or a little more than one-half (female) as long as
the hind femora. Pronotuin simple, equal, the front margin a little full,
the hind margin gently angulated; median carina distinct though
rather slight, equal; lateral carinae rounded off; prozona faintly and
distantly, metazona abundantly but not deeply punctate; prozona dis-
tinctly longitudinal and similar in the two sexes, fully half as long
again as the metazona. Prosternal spine large, long, subcyliudrical,
blunt, a little retrorse; interspace between mesosternal lobes three times
(male) or one and a half, rarely two, times (female) as long as broad.
Tegmina abbreviate, overlapping, obovate, about as long as the prono-
tum, less than twice as long as broad, the curves of the costal and inner
margins similar, the tip acutangulate. Male abdomen long and slender,
the extremity clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraaual plate trian-
gular, sharply pointed, fully as long as broad, the sides straight; furcula
consisting of a pair of minute, rounded, approximate, flattened lobes,
as long as broad; cerci with the basal half tapering by the rapid slop-
ing of the upper edge so as to be half as broad in the middle as at base,
beyond broadening again somewhat on the same side, so that the apical
half is subspatulate, continuous with the basal part but strongly
incurved, externally deeply channeled, the tip broadly rounded, the
whole about as long as the last joint of the fore tarsi; subgenital plate
very small and narrow, tumid, apically subtuberculate, the apical
margin slightly elevated, entire.
The general color is a griseous brown, excepting the abdomen which
is brownish testaceous; beneath clay yellow; the antennae are yellow
at the base, darkening beyond to fuscous ferruginous; from behind
the eye a broad black band extends across the prozona, generally
enlivened on the geuae by an oblique yellow streak, which in the
NO. 1124. BE VISION OF THE MELANOPLISC UDDER. 327
female narrowly traverses the lateral lobes of the pronotum nearly or
quite to the lateral carinae; the tegmina are of the color of the disk of
the pronotum and immaculate. Hind femora clay yellow more or less
infuscated and with a pair of often obscure blackish bars; hind tibiae
glaucous, pallid at base, with a blackish annulus. the spines pallid in
basal black in apical half, twelve to thirteen, generally twelve, in
number in the outer series.
Length of body, male, 21.5 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, male, 8.5
mm., female, 7.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 6 mm., female, 6.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 12.5 mm., female, 14 mm.
Nine males, 13 females. Texas, Belfrage, Lincecum (U.S.N.M.
Ri ley collection; S. H. Scudder); Dallas, Texas, Boll (same; L.
Bruner).
This species resembles M. flabellatus in general appearance.
107. MELANOPLUS GRACILIS.
(Plate XXII, fig. 3.)
Pezotettiv gracilis BRUNER!, Can. Ent., VIII (July, 1876), p. 124; ibid, IX (1877),
p. 144. SCUDDER, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent.
Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59. BLATCHLEY !, Can. Ent., XXIII (1891), p, 81.
McNEiLL, Psyche, VI (1891), p. 76. OSBORN, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sc., I, Pt. n
(1892), p. 117. BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 27. GARMAN,
Orth. Ky. (1894), p. 7.^BLATCHLEY, Can. Ent., XXVI (1894), p. 233.
Pezotettix minutipennis THOMAS!, Bull. 111. Mus. Nat. Hist., I (December, 1876),
p. 66. SCUDDER, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75. THOMAS, Rep. Ent. 111., IX
(1880), pp. 90, 95, 119-120.
A little below the medium size, brownish testaceous above, luteo-
flavous beneath, the whole tinged with green, with bright green hind
legs. Head hardly prominent, luteo flavous, generally tinged with
green and somewhat embrowned, above brownish testaceous with a
greenish tinge, sometimes separated by a distinct slender flavous stripe
from the broad piceous postocular band; vertex scarcely at all tumid,
not at all elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the
eyes scarcely broader than (male) or nearly twice as broad as (female)
the first an tennal joint; fastigiuin strongly declivent, distinctly (male)
or very feebly and broadly (female) sulcate; frontal costa prominent,
percurrent, equal, as broad as the interspace between the eyes, feebly
sulcate at and below the ocellus, biseriately punctate above; eyes
moderate in size, moderately (female) or very (male) prominent, con-
siderably longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae
luteous, feebly infuscated apically, more than four-fifths (male) or a little
more than two-thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum
subequal, faintly enlarging posteriorly, above brownish testaceous, the
lateral lobe^ with a very broad and conspicuous piceous percurrent
postocular belt above, sometimes enfeebled on the metazona, below
varying from bright flavous to flavo- testaceous, the disk very broadly
subtectate, passing by an abrupt but rounded shoulder, forming feeble
328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
percurrent lateral cariuae, into the vertical lateral lobes; median carina
low but distinct, percurrent, equal; front margin faintly convex, hind
margin sub truncate, mesially distinctly but weakly emarginate; pro-
zona sparsely and shallowly punctate, distinctly longitudinal in both
sexes, nearly twice as long as the finely and densely punctate metazona.
Prostemal spine large, conical, blunt, suberect; interspace between
mesosternal lobes twice as long as broad (male) or quadrate (female).
Tegmina abbreviate, about the length of the prozona, lateral, lanceo-
late, the costal margin convex, the inner nearly straight, fully three
times as long as broad, apically subacuminate, brownish fuscous. Fore
and middle femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora very
slender, green, the whole geniculation blackish fuscous, the under sur-
face flavous; hind tibiae green, with a basal, feeble, fuscous annulus,
the spines black in the apical half, eleven to twelve in number in the
outer series. Abdomen ferrugiueo-fuscous, flavescent beneath, com-
pressed, with a distinct median carina, the extremity of the male
abdomen considerably clavate, much recurved, the supraanal plate short
triangular with subrectangulate apex, nearly plane surface, and a
not very deep percurrent median sulcus between low and rounded
walls; furcula reduced to a pair of hardly noticeable approximate
rounded lobules; cerci long clepsydral, moderately broad at extreme
base, tapering regularly in the basal half so that the middle is less
than half as broad as the base, beyond enlarging to a subspatulate
compressed tip, angulate and faintly produced at the lower posterior
extremity, the whole straight except for a faint incurving, and as long
as the supraanal plate; subgenital plate small, narrowing apically so
as to be hardly more than half as wide apically as at base, the lateral
and apical margins in the same plane, well rounded as seen from above,
entire.
Length of body, male, 14 mm., female, 19 mm.; antennae, male, 8.5
mm., female, 7.75 mm.; tegmina, male, 3 mm., female, 4 mm.; hind
femora, male, 10 mm., female, 11.25 mm.
Twenty-nine males, 39 females. Denison, Crawford County, Iowa,
July 20, J. A. Allen; Dallas County, Iowa, August 8-10, September
1-3, J. A. Allen; Nebraska, Dodge; Omaha, Douglas County,
Nebraska (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection; L. Bruuer); St. Louis, Mis-
souri, July, October 27 (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Vigo, Putnam
and Fulton counties, Indiana (W. S. Blatchley: A. P. Morse).
It has also been reported from Dakota (Bruner), Illinois Rock
Island, McLean and Champlain counties (Thomas, McNeill), and Ken-
tucky Webster and Fayette counties (Garman).
This is a sylvan species. Allen found it " abundant in grassy
groves" in Iowa, Blatchley finds it in Indiana "on the iron weeds
(Vernonia fasciculata) which grow abundantly in low open "woods," and
McNeill speaks of it in Illinois as a wood-loving species. It may be
found full grown from the first of July to the middle of November.
NO. 1124. RE VISION OF THE MELA NOPLISC UDDER. 329
108. MELANOPLUS INOPS, new species.
(Plate XXII, fig. 4.)
Of medium size, brownish fuscous. Head not prominent, ferrugineo-
testaceous, very heavily punctate with fuscous above the clypeus, the
summit dark brownish fuscous; vertex very feebly tumid, elevated a
little above the level of the pronotum, but not above the upper level of
the eyes, the interspace between the latter of the same width as the
first antennal joint; fastigium strongly declivent, feebly and broadly
sulcate; frontal costa percurrent, equal, fully as broad as the interspace
between the eyes, scarcely sulcate at and below the ocellus, sparsely
and feebly punctate; eyes large, very prominent, nearly twice as long as
the intraocular portion of the genae; auteunae(?). Pronotum feebly
enlarging from in front backward, a broad, piceous, percurrent, postoc-
ular band occupying more than the upper half of the lateral lobes,
below which these are ferrugineo testaceous, the disk broadly convex
and passing by a well-rounded shoulder nowhere forming lateral carinae
into the vertical lateral lobes; median carina slight, equal, percurrent;
front margin faintly convex, feebly margined, hind margin subtruncate,
very feebly convex, mesially faintly emarginate; prozona sparsely,
coarsely, and shallowly punctate, distinctly longitudinal, fully half as
long again as the finely, densely, and rather shallowly punctate meta-
zoua. Prosternal spine of moderate length, strongly appressed cylin-
drical, subtruncate; interspace between mesosternal lobes more than
twice as long as broad. Tegmina abbreviate, nearly as long as the
pronotum, attingent or subattingeut, rotundato-ovate, bro.adly rounded
apically, about half as long again as broad, brownish fuscous. Fore
and middle femora a little tumid; hind femora moderately slender,
ferrugineo- fuscous above, graduating into dull flavous below, without
fasciation, the upper half of the geuicular arc fuscous; hind tibiae pale
dull green, growing gradually dingy luteous basally, the whole basal
half feebly infuscated, the spines black beyond their base, eleven in
number in the outer series. Abdomen ferruginous, the extremity in the
male strongly clavate, much recurved, the supraanal plate broad tri-
angular, nearly plane, with a short and narrowing shallow median
sulcus; furcula obsolete; cerci moderately large, compressed, moder-
ately broad at base, narrowing on basal third, the middle third sub-
equal and about two-thirds as broad as the base, the apical third again
expanding slightly, well rounded and slightly tumid at tip, the whole
feebly curved upward and more distinctly inward; subgenital plate
small, subconical, the apical margin gradually and feebly elevated
above the lateral, the apex tumid, forming a sort of blunt, coarse,
rounded tubercle, hardly represented in the figure.
Length of body, male, 15 mm.; tegmina, 3.5 mm.; hind femora,
10.25 mm.
One male. Florida, Priddey (L. Bruner).
330 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
109. MELANOPLUS MARGINATUS.
(Plates I, lig. j; XXII, fig. 5.)
Pezotettix maryinatm SCUDDER!, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876 (1876), p. 504;
Ann. Rep. U. S. Geogr. Surv. 100th Mer., 1876 (1876), p. 284 ; BRUNER, Rep.
U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill, p. 59 (1883).
Euprepocnemis occidentalis Bruner!, MS.
Of medium size, slender. Head not prominent, but slightly pro-
jecting, the face retreating more than usual, nearly at right angles with
the not very steeply declivent fastigium; vertex very gently tumid,
scarcely elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes
a little broader than (male) or twice as broad as (female) the first
antennal joint; fastigium rather deeply (male) or slightly (female) sul-
cate; frontal costa percurrent, equal, about as wide as the interspace
between the eyes, shallowly sulcate at and below the ocellus, punctate
throughout; eyes not very large, moderately prominent in the male
only, a little longer, especially in the male, than the infraocular portion
of the genae; antennae at least three-fourths (male) or about four-
sevenths (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum rather long,
the dorsum equal, with slightly sloping sides, distinct but rather slight
and equal median carina, and distinct though very obtuse lateral cari-
nae; hind border scarcely angulate. Prosternal spine rather small,
bluntly subconical, a little retrorse; interspace between inesosternal
lobes more than twice as long as broad (male) or a little longer than
broad (female). Tegruina either surpassing considerably the hind
femora, moderately broad, subequal beyond the basal expansion of the
costa, well rounded apically (M. m. amplus, Plate I, fig. i), or slightly
longer than the pronotum, ovate lanceolate, apically acuminate, over-
lapping, the costal margin very strongly arcuate, about twice as long
as broad (M. m. pauper), brownish testaceous; wings a little shorter
than the tegraina, ample, faintly infumate apically and anteriorly, the
veins and cross veins black or blackish iuscous. Fore and middle
femora considerably tumid in the male; hind femora rather slender,
compressed; hind tibiae with eleven to thirteen spines in the outer
series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, somewhat recurved, the
supraaual plate triangular, the apex acutangulate but blunt, the sur-
face tectate with a moderately deep and narrow median sulcus in the
basal two thirds; furcula consisting of a pair of slight but coarse
approximate denticulations; cerci straight, rather stout, moderately
long, noticeably but broadly constricted in the middle, the tip larger
than the base, gibbous, the whole scarcely depressed, curving slightly
downward beyond the middle; subgeuital plate small, subconical,
ending in a minute tubercle.
General color dull pale olivaceous brown, slightly darker above, with
a broad black stripe, occasionally obsolescent, extending from behind
the eye along the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona; pleura
NO. 1124. RE V I SI OX OF THE MELA NOPLISC UDDER. 331
sometimes marked with black and the abdomen with a lateral black
band, sometimes continuous and equal, sometimes confined to small
triangular spots on the anterior segments; hind femora sometimes a
little infuscated externally, the genicular lobes sometimes blackish, the
hind tibiae rather dark olivaceous, the apical half of the spines black.
The summit of the head is sometimes marked with black in broad
median and diverging supraorbital stripes.
Length of body (Jf. m. amplus), male, 17.5 mm., female, 22 mm.;
antennae, male, 8 mm., female, 7 mm.; tegmiua, male, 15 mm., female,
18 mm. (est.); hind femora, male, 10 mm., female, 12.5 mm. Length of
body (M. m. pauper], male, 14.5 mm., female, 20 mm.; antennae, male,
mm., female, 6.25 mm.; tegmiua, male, 4.5 mm., female, 5.5 mm.;
hind femora, male, 8 mm., female, 11 mm.
Xiiie males, 8 females. California (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection);
Xatoma vineyard, Folsoin, Sacramento County, California, April, C. H.
Dwinell (same); Atwater, Merced County, California, July 27, D. W.
Coquillett (same); southern California, H. W. Heushaw; Fort Tejou,
California, July 26, H. W. Henshaw.
fThe National Museum contains a male and female of the diflereut
brms taken in coitu.
no. MELANOPLUS PAROXYOIDES, new species.
(Plates I, fig. fc; XXII, fig. 6.)
Of rather small or medium size, ferrugineo-testaceous, with a marked
black postocular baiid. Head not prominent, more or less olivaceo-
luteous, clouded with fuscous on face and genae, with fuscous stripes
above, and a black postocular band; vertex very gently tumid, not ele-
vated above the level of the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes
narrow, not (male) or scarcely (female) wider than the first antenna!
joint; fastigium rather rapidly declivent, shallowly (male) or very shai-
lowly (female) sulcate throughout; face retreating more than usual, the
frontal costa rather prominent above, percurrent, equal, fully as broad
as the interspace between the eyes, sulcate excepting above, strongly
punctate; eyes rather large, prominent in the male, very much longer
than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteous or rufo-
Inteous, about five-sixths (male) or two-thirds (female) as long as the
hind femora. Pronotum long, subequal, hardly enlarging posteriorly
even on the metazoua. the upper portion of the lateral lobes with a
broad solid black band crossing the prozona, and sometimes in a dif-
fused form the metazoua, below which the lateral lobes are more or less
obscurely luteous; disk pilose, transversely broadly convex, separated
from the inferiorly vertical lateral lobes by a rounded shoulder, nowhere
forming lateral carinae; median carina uniform, percurrent; front mar-
gin subtruncate, hind margin obtusangulate; prozona distinctly longi-
tudinal especially in the male, fully a fourth longer than the finely and
332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
densely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine long, cylindrical, slightly
retrorse, in the male bluntly pointed, in the female bluntly rounded and
slightly appressed ; interspace between mesosternal lobes about three
times as long (male) or half as long again (female) as broad, the meta-
sternal lobes attingent (male) or approximate (female). Tegmina not
quite reaching the tips of the hind femora, moderately broad, tapering
only in the apical third, brownish testaceous and immaculate (male) or
feebly maculate along the discoidal area (female); wings moderately
broad, hyaline with blackish fuscous veins, lighter colored in the anal
area. Mesothoracic epiinera black, separating the mostly luteous bor-
dering episterna. Fore and middle femora somewhat tumid in the
male; hind femora slender, luteo-testaceous with an olivaceous tinge,
more or less ferruginous above, the outer face often more or less minutely
clouded irregularly with fuscous, the inner half of the upper face thrice
spotted with black, besides the black geniculation, the under surface
luteous or flavous; hind tibiae glaucous, the base lutescent with a fusco-
glaucous annulation, the spines black with pallid base, eleven to thir-
teen, usually twelve, in number in the outer series. Extremity of male
abdomen a little clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraanal plate sub-
triangular with sinuous sides, broadly elevated margins, feebly acut-
angulate apex, and brief, triangular, basal, median sulcus, bounded by
elevated ridges which meet in the center of the plate; furcula consist-
ing of a pair of adjacent, parallel, brief, blunt denticulations overlying
the median sulcus of the supraaual plate; cerci long and slender,
broadly and mesi.ally constricted, apically spatulate, gradually and
considerably incurved, the external surface of the apical portion in no
w T ay sulcate but rather tumid, the tip attaining the extremity of the
supraanal plate; infracercal plates broad, rapidly narrowing, as long or
almost as long as the supraanal plate; subgenital plate very narrow,
subequal, the apical margin in no way elevated or flaring, well rounded,
entire.
Length of body, male, 18.5 mm., female, 27.5 mm. ; antennae, male, 10
mm., female, 10.25 mm.; tegmina, male, 13 mm., female, 17.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 11.75 mm., female, 15 mm.
Three males, 4 females. Key West, Florida, Morrison ; Tallahassee,
Florida, December, F. H. Snow (University of Kansas).
This species is very distinct from any other known to me, and reminds
one strongly of Paroxya.
25. COLLLNTJS SERIES.
This is a tolerably homogeneous group, in which the prozona of the
male is quadrate or nearly so, varying from a little longitudinal (in one
species distinctly longitudinal) to a little transverse, and the interspace
between the mesosternal lobes in the same sex ranges from a little
longer than broad to twice as long as broad. The tegmina are always
fully developed, rarely do not surpass the hind femora, and are more
wo.1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 333
or less, generally rather vaguely, maculate or blotched. The hind
tibiae are either red or green, usually the former, and have ten to four-
teen spines in the outer series.
The supraanal plate is pretty regularly triangular, the apex never
obtusangulate and generally has a median transverse ridge of greater
or less distinctness. The furcula is generally a mere triangular tooth
shorter than the last dorsal segment, but in one species is wanting and
in others forms a pair of slender spines a little longer than the last
dorsal segment. The cerci are of moderate width and invariably forked
more or less distinctly, sometimes the upper, sometimes the lower fork
the longer, or they have a strongly angulate median process beneath,
which stands for gdi inferior branch. The subgenital plate is variable,
but is generally rather broad (but sometimes very narrow) and gener-
ally a little, in one species greatly, elevated apically.
The species, nine in number, are of small or medium size, occasion-
ally a little above the medium. Some species or other of the group has
been reported from every part of the United States excepting Alaska
and California, and is known also from the immediately neighboring
parts of the Dominion of Canada west of the Great Lakes, but none
have been reported from Ontario or Quebec, where they doubtless
exist, nor from the Lower Mississippi Valley, where they also probably
occur; nor is a single species known from any part of Mexico.
in. MELANOPLUS ALPINUS, new species.
(Plate XXII, fig. 7.)
Melanoplm alpinus BRUXER!, MS.
Of rather small size, brownish fuscous, more or less ferruginous
above, luteo-testaceous below, with a distinct piceous postocular band.
Head feebly prominent, luteo-testaceous, sometimes with an olivaceous
tinge more or less deeply infuscated above, sometimes confined to two
oblique stripes on either side, the outer following the margin of the
eye and confluent with the postocular piceous band; vertex gently
tumid, elevated a little above the level of the pronotum, the interspace
between the eyes nearly twice (male) or fully thrice (female) as broad
as the first autennal joint; fastigiuin rather strongly decliveut, shal-
lowly (male) or scarcely and broadly (female) sulcate; frontal costa
nearly or quite percurrent, subequal, scarcely narrower than the inter-
space between the eyes, sulcate at and sometimes below the ocellus,
biseriately punctate above; eyes moderate, not prominent, about as
long as the intraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteous or rufous?
more or less feebly iufuscated apically, about two thirds (male) or half
(female) as long as the hind femora. Prouotum rather short, feebly
expanding posteriorly, the disk more or less ferruginous, the lateral
lobes luteous on the prozoua, except the broad, piceous, almost unbroken
baud across the upper half; disk broadly convex, passing into the ver-
334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
tical lateral lobes by a distinct but rounded shoulder, sometimes form-
ing feeble blunt lateral carinae, especially on the inetazona; median
carina distinct and sharp on the inetazona, less distinct and in the
female sometimes subobsolete on the prozona; front margin truncate,
hind margin bluntly obtusangulate 5 prozona transverse, rarely quad-
rate or subquadrate, slightly longer in the male than in the female, at
least a fourth (male) or scarcely (female) longer than the finely but
obscurely punctate metazoua. Prosternal spine short, very blunt con-
ical, erect or suberect, feebly (male) or strongly (female) appressed;
interspace between mesosternal lobes fully twice as long as broad
(male) or quadrate (female). Tegmina reaching, rarely surpassing, the
tips of the hind femora, of normal width and form, brownish fuscous,
distinctly but not heavily maculate along the discoidal area, rather
more distinctly in the female than in the male; wings moderately
broad, hyaline, the veins pale fuscous, deepening apically and ante-
riorly. Fore and middle femora very little tumid in the male; hind
femora of normal length, above and within bimaculate with fuscous,
which is ordinarily confined in extent, but when extended takes on the
form of very oblique fasciations, developed more on the inner than on
the outer face, the latter luteo testaceous more or less infuscated espe-
cially along the upper margin, beneath and on lower half of inner face
luteous or flavous, the genicular arc fuscous; hind tibiae variable, red,
yellow, or green, but always pale and rather dull in tint, the spines
black beyond the base, ten to twelve, usually eleven, in number in the
outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, recurved, the supra-
anal plate triangular, the apex acutangulate, the surface nearly plane,
with a shallow median sulcus on the basal three-fourths, formed by
parallel and at last united, not very high, rounded, bounding ridges;
furcula consisting of a pair of approximate, feeble, triangular denticu-
lations overlying these ridges; cerci gently arcuate inward, consisting
of a stout, tumid, very rapidly narrowing basal portion, a short, sub-
cylindrical, median stem, and an apical furcation which develops two
flanges: an upper, inward directed brief finger, hardly longer than
broad and blunt tipped; and a long, dowucurved, tapering, pointed
apophysis, angulate on its upper margin and reaching far beyond the
supraanal plate to the base of the apical elevation of the subgenital
plate; the latter moderately broad and equal except for the extreme
and abrupt apical elevation of the margin, forming, as viewed from
behind, a quadrate truncate plate, mesially appressed, rising above
the lateral margins of the plate.
Length of body, male, 22 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male, 7.5
rnm., female, 6.25 mm. ; tegmina, male and female, 16 mm.; hind femora,
male, 10.5 mm., female, 13 mm.
Thirteen males, 11 females. British Columbia, Crotch (Museum
Comparative Zoology); Fort McLeod, Alberta, August, L. Bruner
wo. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI-SCUDDER. 335
(U.S.KM. Kiley collection; S. H. Scudder) ; Henry Lake, Idaho,
August, Bruuer (same). Since this was written, Mr. 0. F. Baker has
sent me specimens from Fort Collins, Colorado, and from Morris Kanch,
Larimer County, Colorado, 8,500 feet.
112. MELANOPLUS INFANTILIS.
(Plate XXII, fig. 8.)
Melanoplm infantilis SCUDDER!, Proc. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 65-67;
Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 54-56. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comra., Ill (1883),
p. 60; Can. Ent., XVII (1885), p. 17. CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII
(1886), p. 71. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent., 1885 (1886), pp. 303, 307; Publ.
Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 28.
One of the smallest if not the very smallest macropterous species of
Melanoplus known. The general color is a dark griseous, the vertex
of the head marked in black and dull yellow in a somewhat radiate
fashion, the whole face and sides of head brownish olive or sordid
yellow, flecked more or less abundantly with black; the antennae are
pale dirty yellow, becoming infuscated toward the tip; behind the eye
is a broad black baud, often edged with yellow above, which also
traverses the upper half or less of the lateral lobes, confined to the
prozoiia, and is often enlivened by a small pale quadrate patch in the
center of the lobes; the rest of the latter varies from yellow to brown,
palest next the margins; the upper surface of the pronotuin varies a
good deal, but is usually griseous, often with a median belt of dirty
yellow or ferruginous, edged on the front of the metazona by a pair of
oblique, crescentic, longitudinal or converging patches of black. Teg-
miua cinereous, with alternate minute blocks of yellow and blackish
fuscous in the discoidal area, apically changing to scattered quadrate
fuscous dots. Hind femora below straw -yellow, above dark brown,
with a pair of conspicuous, very oblique pale bars at the middle and
next the base; hind tibiae pale glaucous, occasionally with a faint
rufous tinge, becoming paler next the base and straw-yellow at the tip,
the spines more or less heavily black-tipped, ten to eleven, rarely
twelve, in number in the outer series; hind tarsi yellowish.
Head rather large, but not elevated, and moderately arched; inter-
space between the eyes scarcely broader than the first antenna! joint
(male) or broader than the length of the same (female); fastigium
steeply dechvent, deeply and roundly (male) or shallowly and flatly
(female) sulcate, the lateral margins blunt and either slightly (female)
or distinctly (male) divergent and then anteriorly convergent; frontal
co3ta broad, nearly equal, slightly broader below than above, tumid
(female) or flat (male) above, with a row of puncta on either side,
narrowly and rather slightly sulcate at and just below the ocellus;
eyes rather large, moderately prominent, a little longer than (male)
or about as long as (female) the intraocular portion of the genae;
336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
antennae about three-fourths (male) or over two-thirds (female) as long
as the hind femora. Pronotuin rather uniform, subequal, the metazona
broadening slightly, especially in the male, subpunctate; median
carina distinct throughout, but much slighter on the prozona than on
the metazona; lateral carinae tolerably distinct throughout, but blunt;
transverse sulci of prozona distinct throughout, unusually sinuous, not
severing the median carina; prozona transverse, occasionally in the
male subquadrate, distinctly longer than the metazona. Prosternal
spine short, stout, erect, conico-cylindrical, appressed, more so in the
female than in the male; interspace between mesosternal lobes half as
long again as broad (male) or transverse, but narrower than the lobes
(female). Tegmina attaining, generally surpassing a little, the tips of
the hind femora, slender, feebly tapering. Extremity of male abdomen
clavate, a little recurved, the supraanal plate rounded triangular, the
extreme apex excised, fully as broad as long; furcula reduced to a pair
of minute and blunt triangular teeth; cerci thickened and tumid at
base, immediately narrowing to half tlie width and compressed, almost
immediately broadening again, curving inward while they run back-
wark and upward, and forking, the upper branch directed upward and
inward, nearly as large as the basal expansion, subtriangular, a little
longer than broad, compressed and apically rounded; the other arm
much longer, nearly as long as the rest of the appendage, slender,
tapering, but bluntly pointed and directed backward and inward, a
little arched from beneath; subgenital plate narrow and equal except
for the abrupt and considerable elevation of the extreme apical margin,
which is mesially notched. Basal tooth of the lower valves of the ovi-
positor large, triangular, sharp, as long as broad.
Length of body, male 15.5 mm., female 20 mm.; antennae, male 6.25
mm., female 6.5 mm.; tegmina, male 10.5 mm., female 13 mm.; hind
femora, male 8.75 mm., female 10.5 mm.
Forty-one males, 52 females. Medicine Hat, Assiniboia, September
(U.S.N.M. Eiley collection) ; Fort McLeod, Alberta, September (same) ;
Yakima Eiver, opposite Ellensburg, Kittitas County, Washington, S.
Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zoology); Salmon City, Leinhi County,
Idaho, August (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Yellowstone, Montana,
August (same); Mandan, Morton County, Xorth Dakota (same); Doug-
las, Converse County, Wyoming, Bruner (same); Evauston, Uintah
County, Wyoming, 6,800 feet, August 6; Cheyenne, Laraniie County,
Wyoming (L. Bruner); Colorado (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Colo-
rado, 5,500 feet, Morrison; Florissant, El Paso County, Colorado, 8,000
feet, August 17-22; South Park, Colorado, 8,000 to 10,000 feet, August
11-16; Garland, Costillo County, Colorado, 8,000 feet, August 28-29;
Fort Robinson, Dawes County, Nebraska, August 21-22, L. Bruner
(U.S.N.M. Eiley collection).
It has also been reported from Eegina, Assiniboia, by Caulfield.
NO. 1124.
REVISION OF THE ^fKLAXOPIJSC^DDER. 337
113. MELANOPLUS MINOR.
(Plate XXII, lig. 9.)
Caloptenus minor SCUDDER!, Proc. Best. Soc. Nat. Hist, XVII (1875), p. 478; Ent.
Notes, IV (1875), p. 77; Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876(1876), p. 501; Ann. Rep.
Geogr. Surv. 100th Mer. (1876), p. 281. BRUNER, Can. Ent.. IX (1877),
p. 145. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Ent. Coram., I (1878), p. 42. SCUDDKK!, Cent.
Orth. (1879), p. 22. DODGE, Rep. U. S. Ent. Coram., II (1881), App., p. 17.
BRUNER, ibid., Ill (1883), p. 60; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., IV (1884),
pp. 57, 58.
Caloptenus occidentaUs THOMAS!, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1878 (1878), 1845.
Melanoplus minor SCUDDKR, Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 84. BRUNER, Can. Ent., XVII
(1885), p. 17. BLATCHLEY, ibid., XXIII (1891), p. 81. MCNEILL, Psyche, VI
(1891), p. 74. MORSE, ibid., VI (1892), p. 250. BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad.
Sc., Ill (1893), p. 28. MORSE, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 53. BEUTENMULLER,
Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI (1894), pp. 307-308.
Of medium size, dark-brownish fuscous, often with a ferruginous
tinge, especially on the disk of the pronotum, luteous beneath. Head
very feebly prominent, testaceous, obscurely mottled with fuscous at
least above, where there is generally a broad, median blackish stripe
and a postocular piceous band; vertex gently tumid, scarcely elevated
above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes nearly twice
(male) or nearly thrice (female) as broad as the first anteunal joint;
fastigium steeply declivent, narrow, equal, deeply (male) or shallowly
(female) sulcate, the lateral margins sharp ; frontal costa percurrent,
faintly narrowed next the antennae, elsewhere subequal, about as broad
as the space between the eyes, shallowly sulcate at and below the
ocellus; eyes moderately large, a little prominent, almost as long as the
infraocular portion of the genae; antennae rufous, apically iufuscated,
about two- thirds as long as the hind femora, the proportions scarcely
differing in the two sexes. Pronotum short, distinctly but not greatly
expanding on the rnetazona, the postocular stripe of the lateral lobes
extending over the prozona, broader and more distinct than on the
head, the disk very broadly convex, passing into the subvertical lateral
lobes by a distinct but always rounded shoulder nowhere forming
lateral carinae; median carina slight, scarcely less distinct on the pro
zona than on the raetazona, cut only by the principal sulcus; front
margin truncate, hind margin obtusangulate ; prozona longitudinally
subquadrate, feebly more longitudinal in the male than in the female,
distinctly longer than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine
not very long, conico-cylindrical, more or less appressed, suberect;
interspace between mesosternal lobes half as long again as broad (male)
or a little transverse (female). Tegmina reaching about to the tips of the
hind femora, sometimes a little short of, sometimes surpassing them,
rather slender and subequal, brownish fuscous, more or less distinctly
but never heavily maculate with fuscous along the discoidal area; wings
moderately broad, hyaline with the faintest possible bluish tinge, the
Proc. N. M. vol. xx 22
338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATEOXAL UUSEl'M.
veins mostly fuscous. Fore and middle femora a little tumid in the
male ; hind femora luteo-testaeeous, outside (excepting below) more or
less deeply iufuscated, the infuscation sometimes confined to, or more
marked in, very oblique dusky fasciations, which also cross the upper
face, the lower face generally dull orange; hind tibiae very variable
but generally nearly uniform in color, pale red or glaucous being the
prevailing color, but they are sometimes plumbeous or yellowish;
spines black tipped, ten to twelve, usually eleven, in number in the
outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, feebly recurved, the
supraanal plate triangular with aeutangulate apex, the surface nearly
flat with a narrowing, moderately deep, median sulcus between rather
prominent ridges, which are confluent apically and terminate a little
beyond the middle of the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of rather
distant, parallel, slender spines, somewhat longer than the last dorsal
segment, overlying the ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci with the
basal portion stout, rectangular, not very strongly compressed, nearly
twice as long as broad, the apical portion of the same shape but broadly
rounded at the tip, nearly as long as the basal part, but narrower, bent
from it upward at an angle of 45, bent also inward, much compressed
and shallowly sulcate, with an inferior bounding ridge; subgenital
plate very short, subequal but apically rounded, the lateral margin
somewhat infolded at base, the apical margin mesially angulate, thick-
ened and feebly tuberculate.
Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male, 8
mm., female, 9 mm.; tegmina, male, 14 mm., female, 16.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 11.25 mm., female, 13 mm.
One hundred and seven ty- three males, 119 females. Fryeburg, Oxford
County, Maine, August 20 (A. P. Morse); Kearsarge village, North
Coiiway, and Jackson, Carroll County, New Hampshire, July 2-30
(same); Faneuil Station, Boston, Massachusetts, July 14 (same); Sher-
born, Belmont, and Natiek, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, June
23-August 6 (same); Wellesley, Needham, Dover, and Blue Hill,
Norfolk County, Massachusetts, June 13-August 4 (same); Winchen-
don, Worcester County, Massachusetts, June 30-July 5 (same) ; Thomp-
son, Windham County, Connecticut, August 4, 6 (same); Montville
and Niantic, New London County, Connecticut, August 7,8 (same);
Stamford, Fairfield County, Connecticut, August 13-17 (same) ; Croton,
Delaware County, New York, June 26; Virginia, July (L. Bruner);
Indiana, Bollman (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection) ; Illinois; Dallas County,
Iowa, August 6, J. A. Allen ; Jefferson, Greene County, Iowa, July 20-
24, Allen; Crawford County, Iowa, July 13-24, on prairies, Allen;
Brookfield, Linn County, Missouri, E. P. Austin; Nebraska, Dodge;
Nebraska?, A. Agassiz (Museum Comparative Zoology); War Bonnet
Canyon, Nebraska, L. Bruner (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Valentine,
Cherry County, Nebraska, Bruner (same); Gordon, Sheridan County,
Nebraska, Bruner (same); Boulder, Colorado, June (same); Poudre
Ittver, Colorado, July 16, Bruner (same); Colorado, 6,000 feet, Mor-
NO. 1124.
REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISGUDDER. 339
rison; Wyoming, Morrison (U.S.N.M. Kiley collection); Fort McKin-
ney, Johnson County, Wyoming, July (same); Douglas, Converse
County, Wyoming, Bruner (same); Barney's Peak, 7,000 to 8,000 feet,
South Dakota, Bruner (same); Fort Buford, Williams County, North
Dakota (same); Dakota (same); Montana, and Yellowstone, Montana
(same); Minnesota; Winnipeg, Manitoba, Donald Gann and R. Kenni-
cott.
It is also reported by Bruner from Washington (State), and from
Fort Collins, Larimer County, Colorado.
114. MELANOPLUS CONFUSUS, new species.
(Plate XXII, fig. 10.)
Of medium size, flavo- testaceous. Head not prominent, probably
tiavo-luteous in life, marked with fuscous above in a median stripe and a
pairof divergent, posteriorly enlarging stripes, besides a broad, distinct,
piceous, postocular band; vertex somewhat tumid, slightly elevated
above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes hardly so wide
as 1 (male) or almosfrtwice as wide as (female) the first antennal joint;
fastigium gently declivent, deeply (male) or shallowly (female) sulcate;
frontal costa subequal, but slightly broader below, about as broad as
the interspace between the eyes, distinctly sulcate at and below the
ocellus, biseriately punctate above; eyes of moderate size and promi-
nence, only slightly more prominent in the male than in the female, a
little longer than the infraocular portion of the genae; antennae luteous,
slightly infuscated next the apex, about two-thirds (male) or but little
more than a half (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum with
the prozona subequal except for the tumid sides, the raetazoua expand-
ing considerably, the sides of the prozona with a broad, piceous,
postocular baud, which is sometimes a little maculate or strigose with
luteous, the disk broadly convex and passing by a well-rounded shoul-
der, forming blunt lateral carinae on the inetazona and extreme front of
prozona, into the vertical lateral lobes; median carina distinct, sub-
equal, percurrent; front margin truncate, with feeblest sign of minute
emargination, hind margin obtusangulate; prozona distinctly longi-
tudinal (male) or longitudinally subquadrate (female), very sparsely
punctate, not a great deal longer than the finely and densely punctate
inetazona. Prosternal spine moderately long, compressed, blunt coni-
cal, feebly retrorse (male), or rather short, appressed conical, very
blunt, erect (female): interspace between mesosternal lobes about half
as long again as broad (male) or quadrate (female), the metasternal
lobes approximate (male) or moderately distant (female). Tegmina
long and rather slender, subequal, slightly or considerably surpassing
'Undoubtedly wider in life, the exceptionally deep sulcation of the fastigium of
the single male indicating a contraction of the intraocular space from drying after
immersion in alcohol.
340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
the liiiid femora, brownish fuscous, with a conspicuous, slender, alter-
nating series of dark fuscous and luteous quadrate spots along the
middle line; wings not very broad, hyaline, the veins fusco luteous.
Fore and middle femora very slightly enlarged in the male; hind
femora slender, compressed, luteo testaceous, very obscurely and on the
sides obliquely bifasciate with fuscous, most distinctly on the upper
face, the geniculation more or less infuscated; hind tibiae luteo-testa-
ceous, the spines black beyond the base, ten to twelve in number in the
outer series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, a little recurved, the
supraanal plate subtriangular with expanded base and feebly angulate
sides, the apex subrectangulate, the apical third a little tumid and dis-
tinctly elevated above the median portion, the median sulcus deep,
percurrent. narrow in the middle and expanded at both extremities;
furcula consisting of a pair of adjacent, subparallel processes, each of
which consists of a tumid base bearing an apical, equal, slender, arcuate
projection hardly longer than the base; cerci with asubequal, rectangu-
late basal portion, straight but transversely arcuate, more than half as
long again as broad, the upper apical corner of which is produced as a
slightly twisted rounded subspatulate lobe, hardly longer than broad,
incurved and exteriorly sulcate, about two thirds as broad as theba>al
portion, which is thus rectangulate at its lower apical extremity; sub-
genital plate small, narrow, apically narrowed, the apical margin a little
incrassate, entire, not elevated.
Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male, 8 mm.,
female, 7.5 mm. ; tegmina, male and female, 15 mm. ; hind femora, male,
11.75 mm., female, 13.5 mm.
One male, 3 females. Munsons Hill [Kentucky?], July 12 (Museum
Comparative Zoology); Newport, Campbell County, Kentucky, C. M.
Willard v same).
The single female from Newport is placed here with some doubt on
account of its divergence from the others; and all the specimens have
been dried after long immersion in alcohol, bleaching the colors to some
extent, and contracting some of the parts.
115. MELANOPLUS ARIZONAE.
Melanoplus arizonae SCUDDER, Proc. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., XX (1879), pp. 64-65;
Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 53-54. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Coram., Ill (1883),
p. 60.
Of medium size. Head rather small, subcompressed, not elevated,
moderately arched; eyes moderately prominent; interspace between
the eyes as broad as the length of the basal antenna! joint; fastigiuin
very shallow, with moderately sharp but not prominent lateral walls,
which give it a subspatulate form; frontal costa rather broad, above
slightly tumid, with punctulate sides, scarcely broader below, sulcate
at the ocellus and to some degree below it. Prouotuin rather slender,
rather uniform but distinctly broadening on the metazona, which is
separated from the prozona by a considerable depression and a pretty
deep sulcus; metazona rather distinctly punctate; median carina dis
no. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELAXOPLISCUDDER. 341
tinct throughout though slight ; lateral carinae obscure on the prozona,
the middle of the prozona tumid on the tipper half of the lateral lobes;
transverse sulci of prozona distinct throughout, not severing the median
carina. Tegm in a considerably longer than the body. Supraanal plate
of male (so far as can be seen on the single specimen in which the parts
are somewhat concealed) semiovate, broadly rounded apically, longer
than broad; the forks of the furcula slender, aculeate, parallel, approx-
imate, about half as long as the supraanal plate; cerci of moderate size,
compressed, the basal half tapering considerably, straight as seen
laterally, directed backward, the apical half a little incurved, nearly
equal, enlarging a little apically and notched at the tip; subgeuital
plate haustrate, rounded, entire. Basal tooth of lower valves of
ovipositor sharp, triangular, as long as broad.
The specimens on which this description is based were collected in
alcohol, and little can be said of their color; there is a more or less
broken black postocular baud crossing the prozona on the upper half
of the lateral lobes; the hind femora may have been faintly banded,
the hind tibiae were probably red, with black spines, and there is a dis-
tinct row of fuscous rectangular spots down the discoidal area of the
tegmiua, especially in the female.
Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 22 mm. ; antennae, male, 9 mm.,
female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 19 mm.; hind femora, male,
12.5 mm., female, 13.5 mm.
One male, 1 female. Arizona, Thomas.
I have never again seen the specimens on which this species was
founded, nor any others that could be referred to it. Accordingly, with
slight change in the phraseology, I reproduce the original description,
to which I may add the following unpublished notes, taken while the
specimens were still in my hands: The species has very much the same
general appearance as M. femur-rubrum. It has, however, entirely dif-
ferent abdominal appendages, as may be seen above, and also slenderer
tegmina, in the venation of which it closely resembles M. keeleri. The
prosternal spine is not very large, but moderately stout and bluntly
rounded at tip, a little appressed, and, on side view, not tapering; the
mesosternal lobes are much as in M. 'keeleri. The median carina is more
distinct on the metazona than on the prozona; the proportions of the
prozona are as in M. keeleri and the whole pronotum almost precisely
as in that species, with a little more rounded angle to the hind margin.
116. MELANOPLUS KEELERI.
(Plate XXIII, fig. 1.)
Caloptenus keeleri 'THOMAS !, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., I, No. 2 (1874), p. 69.
GLOVER, 111., N. A. Ent., Orth. (1874), pi. xvn, fig. 1. THOMAS, Rep. U. S.
Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 42. BRUNER, ibid., Ill (1883), p. 60.
Melanoplus tenebrosus SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. (1879), p. 63; Cent.
Orth. (1879), p. 52. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 60.
Of medium size; above very dark, almost blackish brown, the male
darker than the female; beneath dirty olive. Head not elevated, the
342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
face more or less purplish, the genae flecked with yellowish green and
with black; vertex moderately arched, feebly elevated above the pro-
uotuin, the interspace between the eyes a little broader than (male) or
nearly twice as broad as (female) the first antenna! joint; fastigium
rather shallow, but with distinct blunt bounding walls, which have a
subovate outline; frontal costa fully as broad as the interspace between
the eyes, slightly compressed above, sulcate at and below the ocellus,
laterally pun ctulate above; eyes rather prominent, a little longer than
theiufraocular portion of the geuae; antennae reddish at the base, becom-
ing more and more fuscous apically, about four- fifths (male) or two-
thirds (female) as long as the hind femora. Pronotum pretty uniform,
scarcely expanding on the metazona, wfiich is only slightly separated
from the prozona and is obscurely punctate; behind the eyes is a black
band, which crosses the upper half of the lateral lobes of the prozona,
but is not very distinct from the general iufuscation of the prothorax;
median carina slight, distinct only at the extreme front and on the
metazona; lateral carinae tolerably distinct; transverse sulci of prozona
slight, the anterior scarcely severing the median carina; front margin
truncate, hind margin obtusangulate; prozoua feebly longitudinal (male)
or quadrate or transverse (female). Prosterual spine of moderate
length, stout, conico-cylindrical, somewhat appressed, blunt, erect;
interspace between mesosternal lobes nearly or quite twice as long as
broad (male) or a little longer than broad (female). Tegmina reaching
or somewhat surpassing the tips of the hind femora, moderately broad,
distinctly tapering, very dark brown or blackish, especially in the male,
rather inconspicuously maculate along the discoidal area; wings rather
broad, hyaline, very faintly infumated in the apical half, the veins
mostly dark fuscous. Fore and middle femora a little tumid in the
male, reddish brown, infuscated above, especially at the apex; hind
femora mostly blackish externally, with oblique, more or less broken,
median and basal bands of dull testaceous, especially in the male,
the geniculation black; hind tibiae red with a narrow basal black or
blackish annulus, the spines black, eleven to fourteen in number
in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen a very little clavate,
scarcely recurved, the supraanal plate rounded triangular, of about
equal length and breadth; furcula reduced to a pair of slight, blunt
tubercles; cerci small, compressed, the basal two-thirds straight,
slightly tumid, directed backward, tapering slightly, the apical third
forked, the forks at right angles, the upper generally twice as broad
and half as long again as the lower (but the lower very variable in
size), compressed, straight, but a little incurved, rounded at tip, the
lower more nearly in the course of the basal portion, straight, bluntly
tipped; subgenital plate rather broad, a little longer than broad, haus-
trate, subquadrate, entire. Basal tooth of the lower valves of the ovi-
positor sharp, triangular, as long as broad.
N0 .ii24. /.'A' T/S70.Y nr THE MELAXorLISCTDDER. 343
Length of body, male, 2L* mm., female, 2G mm.; antennae, male, 10. r>
mm., female, 9.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 1.6.5 mm, female, 20.5 nun.; hind
femora, male, 13 mm., female, 14 mm.
Sixteen males, 16 females. North Carolina, Morrison; Dingo Bluff,
North Carolina, November 15, Parker-May nard; Smithville, North
Carolina, November 22, Parker-Maynard ; Florida, Priddy (L. Brimer);
Florida (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Jacksonville, Duval County,
Florida, Ashmead (L. Bruuer); Cadet, Washington County, Missouri,
Eiley (U.S.N.M. Riley collection; S. H. Scudder); Dallas, Texas
(same).
117. MELANOPLUS DELETOR.
(Plate XXIII, tig. 2.)
Caloptenus (Metor SCUDDER!, Proo. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII (1875), pp. 475-
476; Eiit. Notes, IV (1875), pp. 74-75; Cent. Orth. (1879), pp. 19-20. THOMAS,
Rep. U. 8. Ent. Conmi., I (1878), p. 42. BRUNER, ibid., Ill (1883), p. 60.
McJanopltis deletor SCUDDEK, Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 84.
Of moderately large size, brownish fuscous, darkest above. Head
feebly prominent, olivaceo testaceous, more or less heavily infuscated
above in a pair of divergent, longitudinal stripes; vertex rather tumid,
distinctly elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the
eyes scarcely broader than (male) or fully twice as broad as (female) the
tirst antennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, shallow, with slight
but rather sharp lateral margins, greatly expanding anteriorly; frontal
costa broad, expanding a little at the ocellus and a little sulcate in the
same part; eyes rather large, not very prominent, somewhat longer
than the intraocular portion of the genae; antennae pale reddish, infus-
cated apically, about four-fifths (male) or three fourths (female) as long
as the hind femora. Prouotuui faintly constricted in the middle, a
little larger posteriorly than anteriorly, the disk more or less feebly
striped with blackish fuscous, piano convex, passing by an abrupt but
rounded shoulder into the subvertical lateral lobes, which are luteo
testaceous with an olivaceous tinge, passing above more or less gradu-
ally into the postocular stripe; this crosses the prozona only, is always
most distinct and deeper in tint at its upper limit, is sometimes con-
lined to that and often more or less broken with luteous; median
carina distinct but slight, nearly equal, cut only by the principal sul-
cus; front margin subtruncate, hind margin rounded obtusangulate;
prozona longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), distinctly longer
than the obscurely punctate rnetazona. Prosternal spine short, stout,
oppressed cylindrical, blunt, erect, in the female somewhat conical;
interspace between mesosternal lobes fully twice as long as broad
(male) or quadrate (female). Tegmiua fully reaching, generally some-
what surpassing the hind femora, rather broad, distinctly tapering,
brownish fuscous, necked throughout with fuscous, more conspicuously
in the discoidal area from alternating with a line of pallid spots; wings
344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX
broad, hyaline, glistening, the veins fuscous only near extreme apex.
Fore and middle femora distinctly tumid in the male, dull brownish,
the middle femora blackish above, especially apically, all the tarsi
marked with blackish; hind femora with the upper outer half blackish,
sometimes broken into very oblique dashes by a median and post basal
yellowish streak; hind tibiae red, with a narrow black basal annnlus,
the spines black beyond the base, eleven to thirteen in number in the
outer series. Extremity of the male abdomen a little clavate, slightly
recurved, the supraanal plate triangular, with roundly angulate, feebly
and broadly elevated sides and subrectangulate apex, the median
sulcus broad and deep, occupying only the basal half and inclosed
between very high and sharp ridges, which apically diverge abruptly
at right angles to the sulcus; furcula consisting of a pair of slight and
distant denticulations lying just outside the base of the supraaual
ridges; cerci long and slender, compressed, a little incurved, broadest
at the base, uniformly and very slightly tapering on the basal half,
beyond equal, bent a little upward, broadly' and roundly truncate at
tip, and emitting from the inferior angle a slender, compressed, scarcely
tapering shoot, rounded at the tip, running in the direction of the upper
margin of the basal half of the cerci and in the same general plane;
subgenital plate rather broad, slightly longer than broad, the apical
margin feebly elevated, broadly rounded and entire. ^
Length of body, male, 23.5 mm., female, 30.5 mm.; antennae, male,
11.5 mm., female, 12 mm, ; tegmina, male, 21 mm., female, 22 mm. ; hind
femora, male, 14.5 mm., female, 16 mm.
Sixteen males, 21 females. San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas,
May (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Bosque County, Texas, November
l,Belfrage (same; S. H. Scudder); Dallas, Texas, Boll (S. H. Scudder;
U.S.N.M. Eiley collection; Museum Comparative Zoology); Agricul-
tural College, Mississippi (H. E. Weed); Georgia, Morrison (U.S.K.M.
Eiley collection; S. H. Scudder); Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida,
Maynard (S. Henshaw).
This species is closely allied to the preceding smaller species, but may
be distinguished from it by the points brought out in the table.
118. MELANOPLUS LURIDUS.
(Plate XXIII, fig 7.)
Caloptenus luridus DODGE!, Can. Ent., VIII (1876), p. 11. BRUNEH, ibid., IX
(1887), p. 145. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 42. RILEY,
ibid., I (1878), p. 220; Stand. Nat. Hist., II (1884), p. 195.
Melanoplus luridus BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 60; Bull. Washb.
Coll., I (1885), p. 138; Rep. U. S. Ent., 1885 (1886), p. 807. OSBORN, Proc.
Iowa Acad. Sc., I, Pt. n (1892), p. 118. BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill
(1893), p. 28.
Eather small in size, brownish fuscous, more or. less ferruginous.
Head not at all prominent, dull pallid testaceous, feebly flecked with
fuscous, above with widening dull fuscous stripes and a narrow fus-
cous postocular band; vertex gently tumid, slightly or not elevated
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELAXOPLISCrDDER. 345
above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes scarcely wider
than (male) or fully half as wide again as (female) the basal antennal
joint; fastigium steeply declivent, plane, with well elevated and
rounded lateral margins; frontal costa just failing to reach the clypeus,
subequal, fully as broad as the interspace between the eyes, sulcate at
and below the ocellus, biseriately punctate above; eyes of moderate
size, not prominent, shorter than the infraocular portion of the genae;
antennae ferruginous, feebly infuscated apically, nearly five-sixths
(male) or less than three-fourths (female) as long as the hind femora.
Pronotum subequal, feebly and gradually enlarging posteriorly, the
disk nearly plane, passing by distinct but abruptly rounded shoulders
forming subobsolete lateral carinae into the vertical lateral lobes, which
have only an obscure, rarely a distinct, dark postocular band, always
limited to the prozoua; median carina percurrent but blunt and a little
obscure on the prozona; front border subtruncate, hind border obtus-
angulate, the angle well rounded; prozona slightly longitudinal (male)
or quadrate (female), distinctly (male) or not (female) longer than the
closely punctate metazona. Prosternal spine short, conical, blunt, erect,
in the female a little appressed; interspace between mesosternal lobes
a little longer than broad (male) or transverse, but distinctly narrower
than the lobes (female). Tegmina reaching or a little surpassing the
tipsW the hind femora, moderately narrow, very gently tapering,
brownish fuscous, scarcely or distinctly though feebly maculate in the
proximal part of the discoidal area; wings moderately broad, hyaline,
most of the veins fuscous. Fore and middle femora tumescent in the
male; hind femora long and slender, luteo- testaceous, above rather
broadly bifasciate with blackish fuscous, often confluent along the
middle of the outer face and then more or less suffusing the whole face
excepting below, which with the under surface is dull luteous, occasion-
ally tinged more or less distinctly with orange, the sides of the genic-
ulation almost wholly fuscous; hind tibiae red, rarely with a very nar-
row, basal, fuscous annulus, the apical half of the spines black, ten to
twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen
clavate, somewhat recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with slightly
angulate sides, feebly acutangulate tip, and a large, equal, and deep
median sulcus extending over the basal three-fourths of the plate,
bounded by high and sharp ridges, buttressed in the middle of the
plate by slight transverse ridges; furcula consisting of a pair of dis-
tant slight denticulations lying on the outer side of the base of the
submedian ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci consisting of a straight
basal piece, gently and slightly tapering, less than twice as long as the
basal breadth, and a bifurcate apical portion, the bifurcation at right
angles, each fork bearing a similar angular relation to the basal piece,
the lower fork slight and tapering, about as long as the breadth of the
basal piece, directed obliquely downward, the upper fork nearly as long
as and about half as broad as the basal piece, equal, apically well
rounded, directed obliquely upward and bent a very little inward;
346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
subgeuital plate broad, fully as broad as long, the apical margin
abruptly slightly and equally elevated, entire, the whole margin of the
plate as seen from above subquadrate.
Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 27 mm.; antennae, male, 8.5
mm., female, 9.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 14 mm., female, 17 mm.; hind
femora, male, 10.75 mm., female, 13.5 mm.
Sixteen males, 17 females. Dallas County, Iowa, August 8-10, J. A.
Allen; Brookfield, Linn County, Missouri, E. P. Austin; Williams-
ville, Wayne County, Missouri. S. W. Dentou (A. P. Morse) ; Nebraska,
Dodge (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection; S. H. Scudder) ; West Point, Cum-
ing County, Nebraska, August (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection; L. Bruner) ;
Sidney, Cheyenne County, Nebraska, August (L. Bruner) ; Fort Eobin-
son, Dawes County, Nebraska, August (same); Dakota (U.S.N.M.
Kiley collection); Colorado, Morrison (S. Henshaw); Wyoming, Mor-
rison (F.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Mason Valley, Esmeralda County,
Nevada, June 30, A. S. Eichardson (same); Easton, Kittitas County,
Washington (same).
It is also reported from the vicinity of St. Louis, Missouri (Eiley),
Eeuo and Barber counties, Kansas (Bruuer), and the Yellowstone region,
Montana (Bruner).
119. MELANOPLUS COLLINUS.
(Plate XXIII, fig. 6.)
Melanoplus collinm SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), p. 285;
Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 44. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p.
60. FERNALD, Orth. N. Engl. (1888), pp. 31, 32; Aim. Rep. Mass. Agric.
Coll., XXV (1888), pp. 115, 116. SMITH, Cat. Ins. N. J. (1890), p. 413.
DAVIS, Ent. Anier., V (1889), p. 81. BLATCHLEY!, Can. Ent., XXIII (1891),
p. 99. MCNEILL!, Psyche, VI (1891), p. 74. SMITH, Bull. X. J. Exp. St.,
XC (1892), p. 34. BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 28. MORSK !,
Psyche, VI (1893), p. 406; ibid., VII (1894), p. 53. BLATCHLEY!, Can. Ent.,
XXVI (1894), p. 244. BEUTENMULLER, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI (1894),
pp. 306-307.
Medium or rather small sized, dark brownish fuscous, beneath more
or less pale lemon-yellow. Llead not prominent but rather large, the
face and genae mottled with brownish purple and faint purplish white,
the latter sometimes supplanted by an olivaceous tint, the summit with
fuscous or purplish longitudinal streaks and a black postocular band
edged above by purplish or yellowish; vertex rather tumid, distinctly
elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes slightly
broader than (male) or about half as broad again as (female) the first
an tennal joint; fastigium steeply declivent, shallowly sulcate, broaden-
ing considerably in front; frontal costa just failing to reach the clypeus,
equal, of the same breadth as the interspace between the eyes, depressed
at and generally sulcate below the ocellus, punctate throughout, biseri-
ately above; eyes moderately large, moderately prominent, a little
longer than the infraocular portion of the genae, mottled with faintly
purplish black and faintly purplish white; antennae ferruginous grow-
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCUDD ER. 347
ing apically iufuscated, about three-fourths (male) or two thirds (female)
as long as the hind femora; clypeus, labrum and base of mandibles
mottled like the face, the labrnm edged with black; palpi pallid,
streaked exteriorly with purplish brown, the last joint tipped with
purplish black. Pronotura subequal, feebly and regularly enlarging
posteriorly, the upper portion of the lateral lobes with a broad piceous
band, occasionally obsolete, crossing the prozoua, below which the
lateral lobes have the mottling of the face; disk nearly plane, sepa-
rated from the vertical lateral lobes by a bluntly angulate shoulder,
almost forming a lateral carina; median carina distinct on the meta-
zona, subobsolete on the prozona; front margin subtruncate, hind
margin feebly obtusangulate, the angle rounded; prozona longitudi-
nal (male) or quadrate (female), distinctly (male) or scarcely (female)
longer than the closely punctate inetazona. Prosternal spline short,
blunt, conical, a little stouter in the female than in the male and
appressed; interspace between mesosternal lobes about half as long
again as broad (male) or transverse but much narrower than the lobes
(female). Tegmiua extending backward about as far as the hind
femora, with slight variation, moderately broad, distinctly tapering,
brownish fuscous, not infrequently somewhat cinereous, sprinkled with
delicate fuscous rnaculation along the discoidal area; wings not very
broad, hyaline, sometimes with a scarcely perceptible yellowish tinge to
the anal area, the veins fuscous apically and anteriorly so as almost to
give the tip an infumated appearance. Fore and middle legs tumes-
ceut in the male, mottled with the colors of the face; hind femora
alternately marked externally with faint purplish brown, dark brown
and very pale purplish, the inferior carina yellowish bordered with
white, the under surface yellowish; hind tibiae coral red with ft basal
black annulation, the spines tipped with black, eleven to fourteen in
number in the outer series; tarsi of all the legs marked with fuscous
deepening into black, the hind tarsi also with red. Extremity of male
abdomen clavate, a little recurved, the supraanal plate triangular
with convex sides and rectangulate tip, the lateral margins feebly
elevated, the median sulcus as in the preceding species but with rather
less prominent walls; furcula present only as slight swellings of the
inner extremities of the mesially parted lateral halves of the last dorsal
segment; cerci pale brownish compressed laminae, consisting of a gently
tapering basal half, a little tumid, straight and scarcely twice as long
as the basal breadth, and a bifurcate apical half, the forks at a little
less than a right angle to each other, equally divergent from the basal
half, the lower slight and subaculeate, hardly so long as the mesial
breadth of t-lie stem, the upper equal or subspatulate, fully half as
broad and nearly as long as the stem, incurved, subsulcate and apically
rounded; subgenital plate pale yellowish brown, broad, about as broad
as long, the apical margin broadly rounded, entire, sometimes subangu-
late laterally, a little thickened but not raised above the lateral margin
348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
or but in the feeblest degree. Ovipositor pale brownish, tipped with
reddish and margined with black.
The colors in the above description are taken mostly from living
examples.
Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male and
female, 9 mm.; tegmiua, male, 13.5 mm., female, 17 mm.; hind femora,
male, 11.5 mm., female, 13 mm.
Ninety-two males, 74 females. Moosehead Lake, Maine; Norway,
Oxford County, Maine, S. I. Smith (Museum Comparative Zoology);
Mount Kearsarge, New Hampshire, 2,000 feet (A. P. Morse): Pinkham
Notch, New Hampshire, September (A. P. Morse); Sudbury, Rutland
County, Vermont; Adams, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, August
1C, 17 (A. P. Morse); Springfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts,
Allen (Museum Comparative Zoology); Warwick, Franklin County,
Massachusetts, Miss A. M. Edmands (same); Amherst, Hampshire
County, Massachusetts (Museum Comparative Zoology); Andover,
Essex County, Massachusetts ; Maiden and Waltham, Middlesex County,
Massachusetts, September 9 (S. Henshaw); Blue Hill, Norfolk County,
Massachusetts, August 14, 19 (same); vicinity of Boston and Jamaica
Plain, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, August 13, 10 (S. Heushaw; S.
H. Scudder); Barnstable, Massachusetts; Provincetown, Barnstable
County, September (S. H. Scudder; Museum Comparative Zoology);
Naiitucket, Massachusetts, September (S. Henshaw; S. H. Scudder);
North Haven, New Haven County, Connecticut, August 23 (A. P.
Morse); Canaan, Litchfield County, Connecticut, August 18 (same);
Colona, Henry County, Illinois, August, J. McNeill; Vigo County,
Indiana, W. S. Blatchley; Petroleum, Ritchie County, West Virginia
(Museum Comparative Zoology).
It has also been reported from Staten Island, New York (Davis), New
Jersey (Smith), the borders of Lake Michigan, in Indiana (Blatchley),
and Nebraska (Bruner), the last, I think, by mistake.
This species is very closely allied to M. lurldus, but differs in its lack
of any projecting part to the furcula. the less divergent forks of the
cerci, less elevated, apical margin of the subgenital plate and greater
maculation of the tegmiua.
I first observed this species in Sudbury, Vermont, in August, 1868,
abundant in the vicinity of groves in dry upland pastures; compara-
tively few M. femur rubrum occurred with them, the latter being found
in open sunny spots, and especially in hollows in the lowlands.
McNeill, who was the first to find it in the West, says that in Illinois
u it is restricted to the tops of bills and tbe sides of ravines which are
too barren for pasturage.'' At Provincetown, Massachusetts, I found
it at the sandy edges of neglected cranberry beds. According to
Blatchley, this species may be found in pairing time u among the leaves
and branches of the iron-weed." I found one specimen devouring a per-
fectly dry and dead hickory leaf. At the middle of August, in Vermont,
the eggs are quite undeveloped, the ovaries lying as mere films on the
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER. 340
intestines of those dissected. The first pair taken in coitu was found
August 16, though in Indiana many pairs were found by Blatchley by
the first of August.
20. KOBUSTUS SERIES.
In this group the male prozona is quadrate or a little longitudinal
and the interspace between the raesosternal lobes of the same sex
twice or more than twice as long as broad. The eyes are rather widely
separated and the frontal costa broad and equal. The prosternal spine
is usually long. The tegmina are fully developed or only a little
abbreviated and either feebly spotted, longitudinally streaked or wholly
free from markings; the hind tibiae are yellow or red, with from ten to
twelve spines in the outer series.
The supraanal plate is shield-shaped or triangular with feebly con-
vex or sinuous sides, and with the surface tolerably flat; the furculais
entirely wanting or in one or two instances barely indicated; the cerci
are excessively broad and stout, apically greatly expanded and flabel-
late, with the apical border either convex or more or less emarginate;
the subgenital plate is longer than broad, generally moderately narrow,
a little elevated apically and sometimes considerably prolonged, always
entire.
It comprises insects of the largest size only and of a stout and bulky
aspect. Five species are known, occurring in the southern half or
more of the United States.
120. MELANOPLUS DIFFERENTIALS.
(Plate XXIII, figs. 3, 4.)
Caloptenus differentialis UHLER!, MS. (1863). WALSH, RILEY, Amer. Ent., I (1868),
p. 16 ; ibid., I (1869), p. 187. THOMAS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1871 (1871),
p. 149. GLOVER, 111. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pi. vin, fig. 12, pi. ix, fig. 4,
pi. xi, fig. 6. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surr. Terr., V (1873), p. 166, pi.,
fig. 5; Key 111. Orth. (1874-75), p. 3. RILEY!, Ann. Rep. Ins. Mo., VII (1875),
pp. 124, 173, fig. 33; ibid., VIII (1876), pp. 153, 154. PUTNAM, Proc. Dav.
Acad. Sc., I (1876), p. 266. THOMAS, Bull. 111. Mus. Nat. Hist., I (1876), p. 68.
WHITMAN, Grasshopper (1876), p. 19, fig. BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877),
p. 144. BESSEY, Bienn. Rep. Iowa Agric. Coll., VII (1877), p. 209. THOMAS,
Rep. Ent. 111., VI (1877), pp. 44-45. RILEY, Loc. Plague (1877), pp. 89, 194,
198-201, fig 34 ; Amer. Nat., XII (1878), p. 284 ; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878),
pp. 220, 223, 225-226, 228, 298-299, 301, 327, 447, 459,figs. 32, 110, pi. iv, fig. 1.
THOMAS, ibid., I (1878), p. 42 ; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., IV ( 1878), p. 500.
RILEY, Bull. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1880), p. 39; Amer. Ent., 111(1880), p.
220. THOMAS, Rep. Ent. 111., IX (1880), pp. 91, 96, 127-128, fig. 24; Rep. U. S.
Ent. Comm., II (1881), pp. 106-107. LINTNER, Ins. Clover (1881), p. 5.
OSBORN, Amer. Nat., XVII (1883), pp. 1286-1287. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent.
Comm., Ill (1883), pp. 54, 60. FORBES, Rep. Ins. 111., XIV (1884), p. 23.
RILEY, Stand. Nat. Hist. , II (1884), pp. 194-195, fig. 271. OSBORN, Bull. Iowa
Agric. Coll. Dep. Ent., 11(1884), p. 83. BRUNEU, Rep. U. S. Ent., 1884(1885),
p. 399. RILEY, Amer. Nat., XX (1886), pp. 558-559. COOK, Beul's Grasses
N. A., I (1887), p. 373. WEED, Bull. Ohio Agric. Exp. St., Techn. Ser.. I
(1889), pp. 40-41. LUGGER, Rep. Agric. Exp. St. Minn. (1889), p. 340, fig. 16.
350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MI'SKUAT.
OSBORN, Ins. Life, IV (1891), pp. 50, 51, 55; Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XXII (1891),
pp. 70-73. Os BORN, Goss, Bull. Iowa Exp. St., XIV (1891), p. 175; ibid., XV
(1891), p. 267. RILEY, Ins. Life, IV (1891), p. 145; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep.
Agric., XXV (1891), pp. 30-31, lig. 8. OSBORN, ibid., XXVII (1892), pp.
59-60. RILEY, Ins. Life, IV (1892), pp. 323, 393, 401.
Acridium differentiate THOMAS, Trans. 111. St. Agric. Soc., V (1865), p. 450.
Cyrtacantkacris differ en iMls WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p.
610. THOMAS, Proc. Acad. Nat. So. Philad., 1871 (1871), p. 149.
Fezotettix diffenntialis STAL, Bih. k. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V (1878), No. 9, p.
14._\VEED, Misc. Ess. Econ. Ent. 111. (1886), p. 48. HUNT, ibid. (1886), pp.
122-123, 126. WEED, Rep. Ent. 111., XV (1889), p. 40. GARMAN, Orth. Ky.
(1894), pp. 4, 8.
Melanoplns differenHaUs BRUNER, Bull. Waslib. Coll., I (1885), p. 139; ibid., I
(1886), p. 200. RILEY, Rep. U. S. Ent., 1885 (1886), p. 233. COQUILLETT,
ibid., 1885 (1886), pp. 295, 297. BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. D<>p. Agric,,
XIII (1887), p. 33; Rep. Ent. Nebr. Bd. Agric., 1888 (1888), p. 88, fig. 4.
COMSTOCK, Intr. Eut. (1888), pp. 108, 111, fig. 100. SMITH, Bull. N. J. Exp. St.,
K (1890), p. 41. BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXII (1890), p.
104. BLATCHLEY, Can. Ent., XXIII (1891), p. 99. BRUNER, ibid., XXIII
(1891), p. 193; Ins. Life, III (1891), p. 229. WEBSTER, ibid., Ill (1891), p.
300. BRUNER, ibid, IV (1891), p. 22; Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XXII (1891), p. 48;
Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXIII (1891), p. 14. OSBORN, ibid., XXIII
(1891), p. 59. BRUNER, Rep. St. Bd. Agric. Nebr., 1891 (1891), pp. 243, 307, tig.
84. MCNEILL, Psyche, VI (1891), p. 74. SMITH, Bull. N. J. Exp. St., XC
(1892), pp. 4, 31, pi. i. RILEY, Ins. Life, IV (1892), p. 393. KELLOGG, ibid., V
(1892), p. 116. WEED, Can. Ent., XXIV (1892), p. 278. OSBORN, Proc. Iowa
Acad. Sc., I, Pt. ii (1892), p. 118. KELLOGG, Inj. Ins. Kans.( 1892), p. 42, tigs. 22,
23a. BRUNER, Bull. Div. Eut. U. S. Dep. Agric., XX VII (1892), pp. 32-33;
ibid., XXVIII (1893), pp. 15-17, tig. 5; ibid., XXX (1893), p. 35. OSBORN,
ibid., XXX (1893), p. 47. BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 27;
Rep. Nebr. St. Bd. Agric., 1893 (1893), p. 461, fig. 103. OSBORN, Ins. Life, V
(1893), pp. 323-324; Papers Iowa Ins. (1893), p. 58. BRUNER, Ins. Life, VI
(1893), p. 34. OSBORN, ibid., VI (1893), pp. 80-81. BRUNER, Rep. St. Hort.
Soc. Nebr., 1894 (1894), pp. 163, 204, fig. 67; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric.,
XXXII (1894), p. 12 ; Nebr. St. Hort. Rep., 1895 (1895), p. 69.
\ The largest of our species of Melanopli and heavy bodied; excepting
the hind legs and the lateral lobes of the proiiotum, the general color
is a nearly uniform brownish testaceous, becoming paler testaceous in
specimens from arid regions; in those from Nebraska, Kansas, and
Colorado it is sometimes a blackish green, while in those from Illinois
and Indiana it is often of a dark brownish green. The head has some-
times a pair of dusky, divergent stripes, passing from the posterior
corners of the fastigium backward across the vertex and, when these
are present, there are often other but irregular streaks of similar tint
on the genae and clouds over parts of the face; the vertex is gently
arched, more gently in the female than in the male, with a broad inter-
val between the eyes, the fastigium broadly and not very deeply
impressed; frontal costa broad but narrower than the interspace
between the eyes, percurrent, equal except for a slight expansion below,
broadly and shallowly sulcate below (and including) the ocellus, punc-
tate; eyes moderately prominent, short, not a great deal longer than
broad; antennae fulvo-testaceous, nearly twice as long (male) or fully
NO. 1124. HKi'ISIOX OF THE MKLAXOPLf SCTDDEIi. 351
half as long again (female) as the pronotum. Pronotum subequal, the
in eta/on a expanding somewhat, the disk of the prozona sometimes (but
not always) very feebly tumid, the front margin feebly convex, thehiiid
margin obtusely and roundly angulate, more obtusely in specimens
from the Pacific Coast than in others, the median carina distinct and
sharp on the metazona, less prominent but distinct on the anterior half
of the prozona, still less distinct (occasionally subobsolete) between the
sulci; prozona subquadrate in both sexes, smooth, divided in the mid-
dle, and barely before the middle of the posterior half, by sulci, the
principal sulcus bent forward in the middle by the posterior emargina-
tion of the prozona, the metazona plane, finely subruguloso punctate;
lateral lobes nearly vertical, separated from the disk by a well rounded
angle nowhere forming distinct lateral carinae, marked next the upper
limit on the prozona by broken blackish patches, frequently reduced
to a pair of short, oblique, black dashes, one in either longitudinal half
of the prozona, each in a clearer field, and also by the blackening of the
sulci in this region; they are sometimes accompanied by slender,
oblique, parallel, black lines lower down, the hinder the lower; the
pleural incisures are also heavily marked in black. Prosternal spine
rather long, conical as seen from the side, bluntly cylindrical as seen
from in front, a very little retrorse. Tegmina at least reaching (female)
or distinctly surpassing (male) the hind femora, absolutely free from
maculation, the narrowest apical portion about half as broad as the
broadest subbasal portion; wings pellucid or (in darkest forms) very
feebly infurnated, feebly and narrowly opaque along the costal margin,
the veins and cross veins mostly brownish fuscous. Fore and middle
femora of male heavily bullate, the hind femora stout and rather short,
moderately tumid, generally fulvo testaceous, sometimes flavo-testa-
ceous beneath, the outer face with alternate, fulvo testaceous and
black, narrow, equal fish-bone markings, the black rarely interrupted
in the middle, 1 the upper inner face with small basal and large median
and postmedian black patches, the genicular arc black on both inner
and outer sides; hind tibiae yellow or fulvous (occasionally in California
bright coral red), with a postbasal narrow black annulus (in dark
specimens more or less infuscated beyond it), the spines black to their
very base, ten to eleven, rarely twelve, in number in the outer series.
Extremity of male abdomen heavily clavate, the supraanal plate sub-
clypeate, obtusely angulate at apex, the margins feebly and broadly
elevated and the median portion correspondingly elevated and bearing
on its summit a moderately shallow, longitudinal sulcus, tolerably
broad and subequal on the basal half, narrowing and with falling walls
apically; furcula completely absent or indicated only by a thickening
of the last dorsal segment at their proper position; cerci very large
1 In the dark forms the black markings sometimes run together and cover the
A\ hole face, partially interrupted near the middle and in the middle of the basal
half, with fulvous.
352 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
and coarse, laminate, boot- shaped, the basal half subequal, punctate
and straight, beyond expanding and at the same time feebly bifurcate,
the upper fork as long and more than half as broad as the base, feebly
incurved, strongly upcurved, apically tapering slightly and well
rounded, the lower fork at right angles to it, forming only a rounded,
downward and posteriorly projecting lobe, so that the apical margin
of the whole is deeply and roundly emarginate below, the whole sur-
passing a little the supraanal plate; infracercal plates wholly obscured ;
subgenital plate short and broad, scarcely so broad apically as long,
the apical margin thickened, but hardly otherwise either elevated or
prolonged, entire; upper valve of ovipositor abruptly upturned apic-
ally and sharply acuminate, the upper outer carina feebly serrate.
Length of body, male, 39 mm., female, 41 mm.; antennae, male, 18
mm., female, 16 mm.; tegmina, male, 32 mm., female, 34.5 mm. : hind
femora, male, 20 mm., female, 23 mm. Some specimens, especially from
the North (Illinois, e. g.), are hardly more than half this size.
Seventy-two males, 90 females. Cheyenne, Laramie County, Wyo-
ming, August 21, Osten Sacken; Lincoln, Lancaster County, Nebraska,
August 8 (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Brownville, Nemaha County,
Nebraska, August, E. N. Furnas (same); Fort McPherson, Nebraska
(Museum Comparative Zoology); Denison, Crawford County, Iowa,
July 15, J. A. Allen ; Jefferson, Greene County, Iowa, July 20-24, Allen ;
Dallas County, Iowa, August 20-23, September, Allen ; Vigo County,
Indiana, Blatchley (A. P. Morse); Lafayette, Tippecanoe County,
Indiana, November 26, 0. E. Barnes (U.S.N.M. Kiley collection);
Illinois, Uhler, J. H. Treat (Museum Comparative Zoology) ; northern
Illinois, Strumberg (S. Henshaw); Moline, Eock Island County, Illinois,
McNeill; Peoria, Illinois, W. Barnes (Museum Comparative Zoology);
southern Illinois, Kennicott, Thomas; Missouri, in coitu September 4
(U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); St. Louis, Missouri, Geo. Eugelrnann; the
same, August 18, and central Missouri, July (U.S.N.M. Eiley collec-
tion); Garden City, Finney County, Kansas, July 26 (same); Lakin,
Kearny County, Kansas, July 27 (same; S. H. Scudder); Fort Ellis,
Kansas, Watson (Museum Comparative Zoology) ; between Smoky Hill,
Kansas, and Den ver, Colorado, L. Agassiz (same) ; Colorado (U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection); Pueblo, Colorado, 4.700 feet, August 30-31; Sabinal,
Socorro County, New Mexico, August 7, Townsend; Socorro, New Mex-
ico, G. May (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Agricultural College, Missis-
sippi, Weed; Texas, Belfrage, Lincecum ; Dallas, Texas, Boll (U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection; S. H. Scudder); Columbus, Colorado County, Texas
(U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Gulf coast of Texas, Aaron; Pecos Eiver,
Texas, June 20, Captain Pope; Los Angeles, California, Coquillett
(U.S.N.M. Eiley collection; L.Bruner); AguaCalieute, Sonoma County,
California, Palmer; Mexico (Museum Comparative Zoology; U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection); Queretaro, Mexico, November (L. Bruner).
It has also been reported from New Jersey in cranberry bogs
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELAXOPLI SCU1WER. 353
(Smith); Posey and Gibson counties, Indiana (Webster); western Ken-
tucky (Garrnan); Mercer County, Illinois (Thomas); Iroquois County,
Illinois (Kiley); Jackson County, Illinois (Thomas); western Iowa
(Bruner); Buchanan and Nodaway counties, Missouri (Osborn); Shaw-
nee, Labette, and Barber counties, Kansas (Bruner); Hamilton County,
Kansas (Bruner, Kellogg); Indian Territory (Bruner); Brown and
"Washington counties, Texas (Kiley); Grand Junction, Mesa County,
Colorado (Bruner) ; Lincoln County, Nevada (Eiley) ; Arizona (Bruner);
and San Joaquin Valley, California (Coquillett).
It appears from this that it inhabits the Mississippi Valley from as
far north as latitude 43 to the Gulf, and the region to the west as far
as the Pacific, from a somewhat lower latitude to central Mexico. I
do not think it occurs above 6,000 feet. One can not but question the
accuracy of the statement that it occurs in New Jersey, 1 as it has never
been reported elsewhere east of the Alleghanies, and if found there
would also occur farther south; so large an insect and so distinc from
others found there would hardly have escaped notice by entomologists
of the eastern seaboard in Maryland and Virginia.
The oviposition and arrangement of eggs in the egg-capsule of this
insect, as well as its parasites, are described by Eiley in the first Report
of the United States Entomological Commission, and with its life-his-
tory are later summarized by him, as follows :
In the vicinity of St. Louis, Missouri, the tirst specimens of this locust were
observed to become winged July 19. Eggs were laid September 9. As a deviation
from the usual egg-laying habits of the genus . . . the eggs are sometimes very
numerously placed under bark of logs that have been felled on low lands. The eggs
of this species, unlike those of spretus, atlanis and fcmur-rnbrum, are not quadri-
linearly but irregularly arranged. . . . The head ends of the eggs in the pod point
mostly outward. One hundred and seventy-live eggs have been counted in a single
lllilSS.
Mr. Coquillett has made some interesting observations [in California]. . . . They
acquired wings from the last week in June to the last week in July and began lay-
ing eggs July 23. A single female occupied 75 minutes in depositing an egg-mass.
The situation chosen for egg laying was invariably the edge of one of the basin-like
hollows [for irrigation?] at the foot of a tree. This locust is not easily startled,
and its ordinary flight is rather heavy, and sustained only for a distance of 12 to 20
feet.
According to Thomas and Kiley, this insect, is occasionally seen fly-
ing at considerable heights and apparently migrating, though these are
rare occurrences. It certainly is occasionally one of the most destruc-
tive pests in the West, particularly in Kansas, Missouri and Illinois,
and it has been noted as injuring grass, alfalfa, Indian corn, beets,
orchard trees, mulberry, poplar and catalpa trees, and even grape
vines; also dahlias, hollyhocks and other garden flowers have been
specified as its food, not to mention the rag weed, Ambrosia trifida.
'Since this was sent to the printer I have seen specimens from Camden County,
New Jersey, in the collection of the American Entomological Society.
Proc. N. M. vol. xx 23
354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. xx.
Professor Lawrence Bruuer gives the following excellent summary of
its destructi ven ess and habits :
This insect has very frequently multiplied in such numbers in limited areas over
its range as to do considerable injury to cultivated crops growing upon low, moist
ground; and has even been known very frequently to spread over higher and dryer
lands adjoining these, its customary haunts. It is one of the few species of locusts
that has thus far shown a tendency toward civilization. This it has done readily,
since its habits are in unison with the cultivation of the soil. It is only since the
settlement of the country where it originally occurred that it has multiplied so as
to become sufficiently numerous to become a serious pest. . . .
The eggs . . . are laid in cultivated grounds that are more or less compact, pref-
erably old roads, deserted fields, the edges of weed patches, and well-grazed pastures
adjoining weedy ravines. Egg laying begins about the middle of August and con-
tinues into October, varying of course, according to latitude and climatic conditions.
Usually but not always, only a single cluster of eggs is deposited by each female.
Frequently there are two, and in extreme cases perhaps even three, of these clusters
deposited by a single female.
121. MELANOPLUS ROBUSTUS.
(Plate XXIII, fig. 5.)
Calopteims rolmstus SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc.Nat. Hist., XVII (1875), p. 473;
Ent. Notes, IV (1875), p. 72. THOMAS, Eep. U. S. Eut. Comin., I (1873),
p. 42. SCUDDER!, Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 17. RILEY, Am. Ent., Ill (1880),
p. 220. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Cornrn., Ill (1883), p. 60.
Caloptenns ponderosus SCUDDER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII (1875), p. 473;
Eut. Notes, IV (1875), p. 72. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Eut. Comin., I (1878),
p. 42. SCUDDER, Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 17. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm.,
Ill (1883), p. 60.
Pezotettix robitstus STAL, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Haudl., V, Xo. 9 (1878), p. 14.
Melanopbis robustus SCUDDER, Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 84. BUUNEU, Bull. Div.
Ent.U. S. Dep. Agric., XXVII (1892), p. 33; ibid., XXVIII (1893), pp. 17-19,
figs. 6, 7; Rep. Nebr. St. Bd. Agric., 1893 (1893), p. 460.
Melanoplns ponderosus SCUDDER, Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 84. BRUNER, Can. Ent.,
XXIII (1891), p. 193; Ins. Life, IV (1891), p. 22; Rep. Ent. Soc. Out., XXII
(1891), p. 48.
Varying from brownish testaceous to brownish fuscous, with more or
less of a cinereous tint; front of head and sides of prouotnni a little
paler, tinged with yellow, the head obscurely and more or less heavily
flecked with brown ; antennae yellow, iufuscated toward the tip. Inter-
space between the eyes much broader than (male) or twice as broad
as (female) the basal antennal joint, the fastigium broad, broadening in
front, scarcely depressed except sometimes slightly in the narrowest
part, the lateral margins sharp; frontal costa broad, broadening below,
broadly and shallowly sulcate excepting above. Pronotum broadening
a little on the metazona, the median carina slight, broken by all the
sulci, distinct only in front of and behind them; lateral carinae rather
distinct but slight and rounded. Slight black markings follow the
anterior portion of the lateral carinae and the transverse sulci of the
Literal lobes; occasionally these markings are more pronounced, and
then a slender blackish stripe passes from behind the eyes to the meta-
zona, sometimes interrupted, sometimes accompanied by an intuscation
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SCUDDER. 355
beneath, broadening the band; disk of prozona more or less flecked
with dark brown, sometimes collected into a V-shaped patch opening
forward, the apex at the middle of the metazona; hind margin dotted
with blackish; metazona profusely, prozoua sparsely, both shallowly,
punctate; sides of metathorax with a pale oblique stripe narrowing
upward to a point. Prosterual spine moderately long, stout, subcylin-
drical, feebly appressed, erect, blunt- tipped. Tegmiua reaching (female)
or slightly surpassing (male) the tips of the hind femora, darker or
lighter brownish fuscous, flecked rather distantly with brownish spots,
relieved by similar pale spots along the middle, occasionally more or
less confluent. Legs of the color of the under surface, the fore and
middle femora a little deeper or duskier; hind femora broadly bifasciate
with blackish, broken by the pale incisures, the genicular arc black on
both sides; hind tibiae yellow, occasionally tinged with red, paler next
the base with a black annulus, the spines black to their very base, ten
to twelve, usually eleven, in number in the outer series. Extremity of
male abdomen subclavate, upturned slightly, well rounded; supraaual
plate broad, clypeate, with slightly produced rectangulate apex, slightly
sinuate sides, the lateral margins gently elevated, the middle longitudi-
nal half very broadly tectate with a moderately broad and deep median
sulcus extending over a little more than the basal half; furcula wanting
or sometimes indicated by the merest angle; cerci very stout, subspatu-
late, compressed, largest at tip, tire basal two-fifths equal and straight,
the remainder expanding into an obliquely transverse, obovate, rounded
lobe, its outer border convex, directed upward and more produced
above than below, making the tip fully half as broad again as the base;
infracercal plates visible only by their feeble, narrow, blunt-tipped
projection beyond the supraanal plate; subgeuital plate not very broad,
the apex both produced and elevated a little.
Length of body, inale, 29.5 mm., female, 34.5 mm.; antennae, male,
13.5 mm., female, 15 mm.; tegmina, male, 21 mm., female, 24mm.; hind
femora, male, 17.5 mm., female, 21 mm.
Twenty-two males, 18 females. Texas, Belfrage; Dallas, Texas, Boll
(U.S.N.M. Riley collection; S. H. Scudder); Gulf coast of Texas,
Aaron.
Although the single male type of Cal. ponderosus has been lost, I
have no doubt from the study of the larger material now at hand that
it is the same as Cal. robustus, described at the same time and place.
122. MELANOPLUS VIOLA.
(Plate XXIV, fig. 1.)
Pezotettix riola THOMAS!, Bull. 111. Mus. Nat. Hist., I (1876), p. 68. RILE Y, Rep.
U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), pp. 220, 226. SCUDDER !, CaD. Ent., XII (1880), p.
75. THOMAS !, Rep. Ent. 111., IX (1880), pp. 90, 95, 121. MCXEILL. Psych>. VI
(1891), p. 76. BRUNER, Pnbl. Xebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 27. GARM \x.
Ortli.Ky. (1894), p. 8.
Calopieimx (tffillattta UHLER!, MS.
l'e:otcitic ajfiliatu* SCUDDEK!, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75.
356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
Dark brownish fuscous, the upper half of the lateral lobes of thepro-
notum aud especially of the prozona generally distinctly darker than
the lower, often forming a broad dark band. Head brownish fuscous,
lighter below, irregularly flecked and mottled with fuscous, gently tumid
above ; interspace between the eyes broad, but narrower than the frontal
costa, the fasti gium plane but with the margins feebly and roundly
elevated at its narrowest, broadening in front and passing insensibly
into the frontal costa 5 the latter very broad, subequal, not at all con-
stricted above, shallowly sulcate at and below the ocellus, feebly punc-
tate; eyes elongate oval, narrower above than below, but little prom-
inent; antennae about as long (male) or hardly three-fourths as long
(female) as the hind femora, rather slender, fulvo-testaceous. Prono-
tum scarcely enlarging posteriorly, the disk nearly plane, with rounded
lateral carinae separating it from the vertical lateral lobes, the prozona
barely longitudinal (male) or barely transverse (female), about a fourth
(male) or less than that (female) longer than the metazona, the median
carina subobsolete between the sulci and more distinct on the metazona
than on the prozona, the front border barely convex, the hind border
broadly convex or more frequently obtusely angulato-convex, its promi-
nence slightly variable, the principal sulcus not quite transverse by the
slight emargination of the posterior border of the prozona, ferrugineo-
testaceous, profusely and finely flecked with fuscous, rather feebly punc-
tate even on the metazoua, the lateral lobes with a sometimes obsolete,
generally somewhat obscure, dark fuscous band, in extreme cases ex-
tending from the eyes across the whole pronotum and occupying nearly
the whole upper half of the lateral lobes ; thoracic epimera black. Pro-
sternal spine stout, rather long, cylindrical, tapering only at the rounded
apex, somewhat retrorse. Tegmina always abbreviated, distinctly
shorter than the abdomen or the hind femora, generally a little longer
than the head and pronotum together, dark fuscous, the anal area some-
times much lighter, the discoidal area flecked somewhat confusedly
with mingled blackish and light testaceous, the apex bluntly acuminate.
Hind femora moderately stout and rather long, testaceous, varying
from cinereous to dull flavous, broadly bifasciate with black, the genicu-
lar arc black on both sides; beneath they are normally flavous or ful-
vous; hind tibiae dull red, with a narrow, subbasal, black annulus, next
which they are more or less obscured with fuscous, sometimes forming
a dusky belt half way to the tip, the spines black almost to the very
base, ten to eleven in number in the outer series. Posterior extremity
of male abdomen feebly clavate, well rounded, the supraanal plate
rounded triangular with a feebly produced tip, nearly flat, the median
sulcus percurrent, slender, moderately deep, bounded by low rounded
walls which extend over about three-fourths of the plate; furcula want-
ing, the last dorsal segment narrow and narrowly parted in the middle;
cerci heavy, broad, punctate except apically, externally broadly convex,
the basal two-fifths nearly equal, beyond expanding rapidly and con-
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 357
siderably to an obliquely transverse, broad, oval lobe with regularly
rounded contour, above expanding- twice as much as below, the whole
feebly incurved and surpassing the supraanal plate ; infracercal plates
hardly visible, briefer than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate rather
narrow, subequal, abruptly, roundly, and considerably elevated apically,
but not produced, entire.
Length of body, male and female, 25 mm.; antennae, male, 15 mm.,
female, 12 mm.; tegmina, male, 13.5 mm., female, 9 mm.; hind femora,
male and female, 1(5 mm. The female measured has exceptionally short
teginina.
Nine males, 12 females. St. Louis, Missouri (U.S.X.M. Eiley collec-
tion); central Missouri (same); Illinois, Uhler; southern Illinois, Ken-
nicott, Thomas.
It has also been reported from central Illinois (Thomas); Kunning
Lake, Illinois, July 15. September (McNeill); Anderson, Fulton, Hop-
kins and Christian counties and Elk Lick Falls, Kentucky (Garman);
southeast Nebraska (Bruner). It would therefore appear to have a
rather narrow range, in the central Mississippi Valley, between latitude
37-40, and longitude 86-96.
123. MELANOPLUS CLYPEATUS.
(Plate XXIV, fig. 2.)
Caloptenns clypeatns SCUDDER !, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), p. 40; Ent.
Notes, VI (1878), p. 18. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 60.
Melanoplm clypeatus SCUDDER!, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75.
Brownish testaceous. Front of head varying from dull luteous to
dull reddish brown, faintly dotted with fuscous; tips of mandibles and
lower edge of labruin marked with black; interspace between the eyes
a little (male) or much (female) broader than the basal antenna! joint,
very slightly depressed centrally, at least in the male; frontal costa
broad, subequal, slightly depressed at the ocellus; antennae luteous,
inluscated on the apical half, nearly (male) or about two-thirds (female)
as long as the hind femora. Pronotum scarcely enlarging posteriorly,
with but slight transverse sulci and a slight median carina, equal and
percurrent in the female, interrupted slightly between the sulci in the
male; lateral cariuae indistinct, rounded; top of head and pronotum
dotted faintly with fuscous, the lateral lobes of the latter paler, marked
next the lateral carinae with a black streak, which narrows and dis-
appears posteriorly, broadens anteriorly and extends slightly upon
the head. Prosternal spine rather long, cylindrical or conico-c} r lin-
drical, blunt-tipped, feebly retrorse. Tegmina not reaching the tip of
the abdomen, about as long as the femora, the costal field dark testa-
ceous, the discoidal field blackish, and the anal field, which is sepa-
rated angularly from the rest, light testaceous or wood-brown. Fore
and middle legs of the color of the body; hind femora long and moder-
ately stout, blackish on their outer face, but the inferior outer carina
358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
yellow, black interrupted with luteo-testaceous on the inner face y
beneath vinous red; hind tibiae varying from vinous to bright red r
more or less irifuscated on basal half, with a blackish fuscous subbasal
aunulus, the spines black to the base, eleven to twelve in number in
the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen considerably thickened,
forming a subglobose mass; supraanal plate shield-shaped, triangularly
produced at the apex, narrowly and deeply sulcate down the middle;
no furcula; cerci stout, compressed, constricted in the middle as seen
from the side, beyond incurved, expanded especially above, the apical
border much compressed, convex in the middle half, straight above
and below, or feebly einarginate at the union of the convex and straight
portions; iufracercal plates completely concealed; subgenital plate
moderately broad, slightly, broadly, and uniformly elevated apically,
hardly prolonged.
Length of body, male, 28.5 mm., female, 36 mm.; antennae, male, 15
mm., female, 14.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 17 mm., female, 18.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 17 mm., female, 21 mm.
Two males, 1 female. Georgia, Morrison.
124. MELANOPLUS FURCATUS, new species.
(Plate XXIV, fig. 3.)
Brownish-ferruginous, the top of head and prozona very faintly dotted
with fuscous. Head gently tumid above, the interspace between the
eyes broad, but distinctly narrower than the frontal costa, the fastigiuni
most feebly depressed, running without break into the frontal costa,
which is broad, equal, shallowly sulcate at and below the ocellus, punc-
tate on either side; eyes pretty large, rather elongate, not very promi-
nent; antennae fulvous, becoming a little infuscated apically, almost as
long as the hind femora in both sexes, being relatively almost as long*
in the female as in the male. Pronotum enlarging slightly posteriorly,
at least in the female, the disk very flatly tectate, the median carina
very slight and subequal throughout, the lateral carinae merely forming
blunt angles separating the disk from the lateral lobes, the front margin
scarcely convex, the hind margin broadly and roundly angulate ; disk of
prozona feebly longitudinal, sparsely feebly and shallowly punctate lat-
erally, about a fourth longer than the finely and closely punctate meta-
zona, minutely einarginate in the middle posteriorly; lateral lobes
marked precisely as in M. clypeatus. Prosternal spine rattier long,
slightly retrorse, cylindrical, but a little enlarged on the apical half.
Tegmina not much shorter than the abdomen, but not nearly reaching
the tip of the hind femora, testaceo cinereus in the anal field, the rest
fuscous, with dark fuscous flecks (male) or blotches (female) in tbe dis-
coidal area; wings impure hyaline, with very pale brown veins and cross
veins, becoming more and more fuscous in the upper half, especially
toward the apex. Fore and middle femora only a little tumid in the
male, uniform in color; hind femora long and rather stout and tumid,
NO. 1124. JlKriSIOX OF THE MELAXOPLISCUDDEB. 359
the inner face twice barred with black, which sometimes shows feebly
above, and appears again on the outer face, but diffused, subconflueut,
and crossed by the pallid angnlate incisures; inferior face red; genicu-
lar arc black on both sides; hind tibiae red, with a subbasal, narrow,
fuscous annulus, the spines black to their base, twelve in number in the
outer series. Extremity of the male abdomen roundly clavate and
upturned, the supraanal plate triangular and tolerably flat, but with a
deep basal median sulcus reaching more than half way to the tip with
pretty high and sharp bounding ridges, fading apically; furcula wholly
wanting; cerci stout, heavy, and incurved, narrowing considerably
toward the middle, then very rapidly expanding and furcate, the upper
lobe longer than the lower and more equal, well rounded apically,
directed sharply upward, the lower triangular, bluntly pointed, and
turned but little downward, the apical margin of the whole deeply and
angularly excised, scarcely surpassing the supraanal plate; infracercal
plates just longer than the supraanal plate; subgenital plate moder-
ately narrow, the apex a little and angularly elevated, scarcely pro-
longed, entire.
Length of body, male, 31.5 mm., female, 39 mm.; antennae, male, 16
mm., female, 17.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 19.5 mm., female, 23 mm.; hind
femora, male, 18.5 mm., female, 22.5 mm.
One male, 1 female. Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida, Pridday,
(L. Bruner).
27. BIYITTATUS SERIES.
This group is nearly related to the robustus series ; the male prozona
is more or less distinctly longitudinal, and the interspace between the
mesosternal lobes of the same sex nearly or more than twice as long as
broad; the eyes are rather widely separated, and the frontal costa
broad and equal. The prosternal spine is rather long and generally
slightly retrorse. The tegmina are fully developed, at least as long as
the hind femora, without spots or, rarely, very feebly marraorate, but
sometimes with a light stripe dividing the dorsal and lateral faces and
extending across the pronotum. The hind femora are longitudinally
striped on the outer face or unmarked, the hind tibiae usually red,
rarely purplish, with ten to thirteen spines in the outer series.
The supraanal plate is much as in the robustus series; the furcula is
present as small but coarse lobes, and the cerci are much as in the
robustus series, but less extravagantly developed; the subgenital plate
is longer than broad, generally moderately narrow, somewhat elevated
and sometimes thickened apically, hardly prolonged, and always entire.
It comprises insects of a large or a very large size, with heavy bodies
and poor in flight. Five species are known, and among them they cover
our entire territory, from Atlantic to Pacific and from Central Mexico
to the Saskatchewan and Hudson Bay. It comprises two of our com-
monest species.
3()0 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
125. MELANOPLUS FEMORATUS.
(Plate XXIV, fig. 4.)
Caloptenus femoratus BURMEISTER, Handb. Ent., II (1838), p. 638. BRUXXER. Ver-
handl. Zool.-Bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 1861 (1861), p. 224; Ortli. Stud. (1861),
p. 4. WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 678. PROVAXCHER,
Faune Ent. Can., II (1877), p. 35.
Acridium miller ti SERVILLE!, Orth. (1839), p. 649.
Acridium flavomttatum HARRIS, Treat. Ins. Inj. Veg. (1841-42), p. 140; ibid., 2d
ed. (1852), p. 151; ibid., 3d ed. (1862), p. 173. FITCH, Ainer. Journ. Agric.
Sc., VI (1847), p. 146. EMMOXS, Agric. N. Y., V (1854), p. 147. RATH vox,
Rep. U. S. Dep. Agric., 1862 (1862), p. 384.
Locusta flarovlttata PACKARD, Rep. Nat. Hist. Me. (1861), p. 375.
Acridium (Caloptenus) femoratum DE HAAX, Bijdr. Kenn. Orth. (1842), p. 144.
Acridium hudsonium BARXSTOX!, MS. (Brit. Mus.).
Caloptenus bivittatus UHLER (pars) SAY, Ent. N. A., ed. LeC., II (1859), p. 238.
SCUDDER! (pars), Can. Nat., VII (1862), p. 287; (pars), Bost. Journ. Nat.
Hist., VII (1862), p. 465. SMITH, Proc. Portl. Soc. Nat. Hist., I (1868), p.
150. WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 678; Can. Ent.. IV
(1872), p. 30. SMITH, Rep. Conn. Bd. Agric., 1872 (1872), pp. 362, 381, fig. 7.
GLOVER, 111. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pi. v,. fig. 16. THOMAS (pars), Rep.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 166. PROVAXCHER, Nat. Can., VIII (1876),
p. 109. HOWARD, Ins. Life, VII (1895), p. 274.
Pezottetix edax SAUSSURE!, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1861 (1861), p. 161; Orth. Nov. Am..
II (1861), p. 11. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 152.
BRUXER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59. SMITH, Cat. Ins. N. J.
(1890), p. 412.
Acridium (Caloptenus) bivittatum UHLER (pars), Harr. Treat. Ins. Inj. Veg. (1862),
p. 174.
Podisma edax WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 718.
Melanoplua livittatus SCUDDER! (pars), Hitchc. Rep. Geol. N. H., I (1874), p. 376.
SMITH, Bull. N. J. Exp. St., K (1890), p. 41; Cat. Ins. N. J. (1890), p. 413.
BLATCHLEY (pars), Can. Eut., XXIII (1891), pp. 99-100. BRUXER (pars), Can.
Ent., XXIII (1891), p. 193; (pars), Ins. Life, IV (1891), pp. 21-22, 146; (pars),
Rep. Eut. Soc. Ont., XXII (1891), p. 48; (pars), Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep.
Agric., XXVIII (1893), pp. 19-21, fig. 8. MORSE (pars), Psyche, VII (1894),
p. 106. BEUTENMULLER, Bull. Ainer. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI (1894), p. 308, pi.
vin, fig. 8.
Meianoplua femoratus SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist , XIX (1878), pp. 285,
288; Ent.Notes,VI (1878), pp. 44,47; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., II (1881), App.,
p. 24. BRUXER, ibid., Ill (1883), p\ 60; Can. Ent., XVII (1885). p. 18.
CAULFIELD, Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XVIII (1886), p. 71 ; Can. Eut., XVIII (1886),
p. 212. COMSTOCK, Intr. Ent. (1888), pp. 108, 110, fig. 99. FERXALD, Orth.N.
E. (1888), pp. 31, 32, fig. 13; Ann. Rep. Mass. Agric. Coll., XXV (1888), pp. 115,
116, fig. 13. DAVIS, Ent. Amer., V (1889), p. 81. BRUXER, Publ. Nebr. Acad.
Sc., Ill (1893), p. 27.
Caloptenus (Melanoplua) femoratus CAULFIELD, Can. Rec. Sc., II (1887), p. 401;
Can. Orth. (1887), p. 14.
Melanoplus livittatus femoratus MORSE, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 106.
-j/ Very variable in brightness of color, but generally dark brownish
fuscous, marked, generally heavily, with flavous stripes, flavo-fulvous
beneath, the female at least often tinged throughout with olivaceous.
Head navous, more or less blotched or suffused with fuscous, blackish
Ko.1124. EEriSIOX OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEK. 361
fuscous above except in widening Havens stripes which follow the outer
margins of the fastigium and cross the head to the lateral carinae of
the pronotum; vertex gently tumid, the interspace between the eyes
broad, almost or quite as broad as the frontal costa, the fastigium plane
or rarely, in the male, very feebly briefly and broadly sulcate, passing
insensibly into the frontal costa; the latter broad, subequal but feebly
and broadly narrowed above, plane or feebly sulcate below, percurrent;
eyes moderately prominent in the male, moderate^ large, not very
elongate even in the female, scarcely longer than the intraocular portion
of the geuae; antennae fulvous, becoming fuscous apically, as long
(male) or hardly more than two-thirds as long (female) as the hind
femora. Pronotuin subequal, but barely expanding on the metazona
(male) or distinctly though not greatly expanding from the posterior
sulcus of the prozona (female), the disk nearly plane but slightly convex,
separated from the sub vertical lateral lobes by a tolerably pronounced
but rounded angle, the median cariua feeble, between the sulci feebler,
rarely subobsolete; prozona very feebly and very sparsely punctate,
slightly (male) or feebly (female) longitudinal, fully a half (male) or
from a fourth to a third (female) longer than the closely and delicately
punctate metazona; front margin truncate or barely convex, hind margin
broadly rotundato-angulate; disk dark brownish fuscous, more or less
dark olivaceous in life, the lateral carinae more or less heavily marked
with a flavous stripe upon the disk, next to which the lateral lobes are
darkest, gradually fading below, but often forming a blackish lateral
stripe, which extends from the hinder edge of the eyes across the pro-
zona and dies out upon the metazona; at their lowest margin the
lateral lobes are of nearly the same color as the under surface, and
occasionally the whole of the lateral lobes are uniformly dull flavous or
flavo-testaceous, the flavous stripe of the lateral carinae marked only
by its brightness and a feeble blackish external edging. Prosterual
spine rather long and a little retrorse, conical as seen laterally, cylin-
drical or conico-cylindrical from in front. Tegmina reaching or a little
surpassing the hind femora, rarely a little less in the female, tapering
very regularly and gradually from the subbasal expansion, strongly
and uniformly rounded at tip, with a flavous stripe along the anal vein,
elsewhere fuscous, deepest in color in the discoidal area, free from
mottling; wings hyaline with the feeblest flavous tinge, the veins and
cross veins pallid green but becoming more and more fuscous toward
the apex. Fore and middle femora fulvo-olivaceous, a little iufuscated
above and apically; hind femora rather long and only moderately stout,
very variable in ground color but usually lighter than the general color
of the body, sometimes much lighter, sometimes without stripes or
bands except an infuscation along the upper carina of the outer face,
at others iufuscated over most of the upper half of that face, rarely with
three distinct, broad, black patches along the inner half of the upper
face, basal, median, and postmedian, the geuicular arc always black or
362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
blackish fuscous 011 both sides; hind tibiae paler or brighter coral red,
sometimes with a snbbasal, narrow, black, imperfect anuulus, occasion-
ally followed but not immediately by a slight and brief infuscation,
the spines black, at extreme base pale or reddish, ten to thirteen in
number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen feebly clavate,
well rounded, upturned, the supraanal plate subclypeate, nearly flat,
with a narrow and very deep median suleus, fading just before the tip,
bounded by high sharp walls, between which and the lateral margins
is a broad and shallow trough; furcula consisting of a pair of slight
triangular lobes broader than long, separated by their own breadth;
cerci very stout, large and broad, laminate, externally convex, the
basal half narrowing gently, beyond the middle at once expanding into
two lobes : an upper, nearly as long as the basal half of the cerci, directed
upward and backward, forming an ovate pad; and a lower, brief, tri-
angular denticle, broader than long, the apical margin more or less
distinctly emargiiiate below between them; infracercal plates shorter
than the supraanal plate, but expanding a little laterally beyond its
margins; subgenital plate moderately narrow and subequal, at apex a
little elevated and prolonged, with a subdued tubercle.
Length of body, male, 26.5 mm., female, 41 mm.; antennae, male, 18
mm., female, 14 mm.; tegmina, male, 21 mm., female, 23.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 17.25 mm., female, 21 mm.
Ninety males, 124 females. Halifax, Nova Scotia, H. Piers; Maine
(U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Moosehead Lake, Maine; Norway,
Oxford County, Maine, S. I. Smith (Museum Comparative Zoology);
Brunswick, Cumberland County, Maine, Packard (same); Montreal,
Canada; New Hampshire (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); White Moun-
tains, New Hampshire, Shurtleff, Packard (Museum Comparative
Zoology; S. Henshaw); Mount Washington, subalpine, and valleys of
White Mountains, New Hampshire; Mount Washington, alpine (A. P.
Morse); summit Mount Kearsarge, New Hampshire, 3,251 feet (A. P.
Morse); Bethlehem, Grafton County, New Hampshire, L. Agassiz
(Museum Comparative Zoology); Sudbury, Rutland County, Vermont;
Burlington and Hinesburg, Chittenden County, Vermont, J. B. Perry
(Museum Comparative Zoology); Warwick, Franklin County, Massa-
chusetts, Miss Edmauds (same); Salem, Essex County, Massachusetts,
Putnam, Kingsley (same) ; vicinity of Boston, Massachusetts; Nantucket
Island, Massachusetts; Williamstown, Berkshire County, Massachu-
setts; Connecticut; New York, Akhurst; Sullivan County, New York,
Shaler (Museum Comparative Zoology); Chateaugay Lake, Adiron-
dacks, New York, F. C. Bowditch; Long Island, New York; Potts
ville, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Shaler (Museum Comparative
Zoology); Maryland, Uhler (same); Patterson Creek, West Virginia,
Shaler (same); Upper Tract, Pendleton County, West Virginia, Shaler
(same); Williamsport, Virginia, Shaler (same); Shenandoah Valley, Vir-
ginia, Packard (same); North Carolina, Morrison; Indiana (U.S.N.M.;
NO. 1124. RE VISIOX F THE M E L A XO PLISC UDDER. 363
AV. 8. Blatchley); Michigan, M. Miles; Bear Lake, Michigan (T.S.
X.M. Riley collection); Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba; Illinois, Uhler,
Stromberg (8. Henshaw; S. H. Scudder); Moline, Rock Island County,
Illinois, McNeill; Denison, Crawford County, Iowa, J. A.Allen; Mis-
souri, (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Fort Robinson, Dawes County r
Nebraska, Bruner (same); Colorado, 5,500 feet, Morrison ; Cheyenne*
Laramie County, Wyoming, Osten Sacken; Evanston, Uiuta County,
Wyoming, 6,800 feet, August G; Steele, Wyoming (U.S.N.M. Riley
collection); Calgary, Alberta, June 15 (S. Henshaw); British Columbia
(same); Vancouver Island, British Columbia, H. Edwards; Vancouver
Island, Britisli Columbia, Crotch (Museum Comparative Zoology);
Washington, Morrison (S. Henshaw); Mount Shasta district, California,
H. Edwards; Sissons, Siskiyou County, California (Museum Compara-
tive Zoology); Los Angeles, California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M. Eiley
collection).
It has also been reported from Hudson Bay (Walker); Quebec,
Canada (Provancher), and Carolina (Burmeister, Saussure). Its range
in the eastern part of the country is therefore from Hudson Bay to
North Carolina, on the Pacific Coast from Vancouver to southern
California, while in the interior, south of Canada, it occurs in less
abundance as far south as latitude 40 or thereabouts.
An examination of three females in Vermont in the middle of August
showed thirty-nine eggs in the ovaries on one side and thirty on the
other of the first; forty-five on one side and forty-two on the otherof the
second; and thirty eight on each side of the third, the total number of
eggs varying from sixty-nine to eighty-seven. A fourth female had no
eggs in the ovaries, but the abdomen was filled with a filariau worm
at least two feet long; the eggs are pale yellow.
This insect is very fond of perching by the roadside on the broad
leaves of Inula helenium, sunning itself.
126. MELANOPLUS BIVITTATUS.
(Plate XXIV, fig. 5.)
Gryllus binttatus SAY, Jonrn. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., IV (1825), p. 308; Ent.
N. A., ed. LeC., II (1859), p. 237.
Acridium (Opsomala) bivittatum DE HAAX, Bijdr. Kenn. Orth. (1842), p. 144.
Caloptenus birittatua UHLER (pars) Say, Ent. N. A., ed. LeC., II (1859), p. 238.
SCUDDER ! (pars), Can. Nat., VII (1862), p. 287; (pars), Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.,
VII (1862), p. 465. WALSH, RILEY, Amer. Ent,, I (1868), p. 16. PACKARD,
Guide Ins. (1869), p. 570. THOMAS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., 1870 (1870),
p. 78; Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1871), p. 265. DODGE, Can.
Ent., IV (1872), p. 15. SCUDDER, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. (1872), pp.
250, 259. GLOVER, 111. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pi. i, fig. 16. THOMAS (pars),
Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 166; Key 111. Orth. (1874-75),
p. 3. SCUDDER!, Daws. Rep. Geol. Rec. 49th Par. (1875), p. 343. RILEY, Ann.
Rep. Ins. Mo., VII (1875), pp. 124, 173, fig. 34. THOMAS, Proc. Dav. Acad.
Nat. Sc., I (1876), p. 261. SCUDDER!, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II (1876),
p. 261. WHITMAN, Grasshopper (1876), p. 19, fig. UHLER, Bull. U. S. Geol.
3G4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
Surv. Terr., Ill (1877), p. 796. BESSEY, Bienn. Rep. Iowa Agric. Coll., VII
(1877), p. 209. THOMAS, Rep. Geol. Expl. Surv. W. 100th Mer., V (1875 [1877] ),
p. 894. BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 144. RILE Y, Loc. Plague (1877),
pp. 89,194-195, fig. 38. THOMAS, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., IV (1878), p.
484; Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1878 (1878), 1845; Rep. U. S. Ent. Coinm., I
(1878), p. 42. RILEY, ibid., I (1878). pp. 220, 221, 226, 327, 459, fig. 111.
PACKARD, ibid., I (1878) pp. [140, 142]. GIRARD, Traite ele*m. d'ent., II (1879),
p. 248. RILEY, Amer. Eut., Ill (1880), p. 220 k THOMAS, Rep. Eut. 111., IX
(1880), pp. 91, 96, 126-127. LINTXER, Ins. Clover (1881), p. 5. BRUNER, Bull.
Div. Eut. U. S. Dep. Agric., II (1883), p. 9; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comin., Ill
(1883), pp. 9, 10, 14. RILEY, Stand. Nat. Hist,, II (1884), pp. 194-195, fig.
272. COOK, Beal's Grasses N. A., I (1887), pp. 373, 396. RILEY, Ins. Life, I
(1888), p. 87. WEED, Bull. Ohio Agric. Exp. St., Techn. Ser., I (1889), p. 40.
LUGGER, Rep. Agric, Exp. St. Minn. (1889), p. 340, fig. 17. OSBORX, Ins. Life,
IV (1891), pp. 50, 55. RILEY, ibid., IV (1891), p. 145. OSBORX, Rep. Ent. Soc.
Ont., XXII (1891), pp. 70, 73. RILEY, Bull. Div. Eut. U. S. Dep. Agric.,
XXV (1891), pp. 31, 32, fig. 9. OSBORX, ibid., XXVII (1892), pp. 59-64.
MILLIKEN, Ins. Life, VI (1893), pp. 19,21.
IPezoteltix sumichrasti SAUSSURE, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1861 (1861), pp. 160-16] ; Orth.
Nova Ainer., II (1861), p. 11.
Acridium (Caloptenm) birittatum UIILER (pars), Harr. Treat. Ins. Inj. Veg. (1862),
p. 174.
Acridium bivittatum THOMAS, Trans. 111. St. Agric. Soc., V (1865), p. 449.
Melanoplns Mnttatus SCUDDER! (pars), Hitchc. Rep. Geol. N. H., I (1874), p.
376; Rep. U. S. Ent. Coram., II (1881), app., p. 24. BRUNER, ibid., Ill
(1883), p. 60; Bull. Washb. Coll., I (1885), p. 139. RILEY, Rep. U. S.
Ent., 1885 (1886), p. 233. BRUNER, ibid., 1885 (1886), p. 307. RILEY, Ins.
Life, II (1889), p. 27. FLETCHER, Rep. Exp. Farms Can., 1888 (1889), p. 63.
TOWNSEND, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., II (1891), p. 43. BLATCHLEY! (pars), Can.
Ent., XXIII (1891), pp. 99-100. BRUXER (pars), ibid., XXIII (1891), p. 193;
Ins. Life, III (1891), p. 229; (pars), ibid., IV (1891), pp. 21-22, 146; (pars),
Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., XXII (1891), p. 48; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric.,
XXIII (1891), p. 14; ibid., XXVII (1891), pp. 12-29, 33. McXEiLL, Psyche,
VI (1891), p. 74. BRUXER, Rep. St. Bd. Agric. Nebr., 1891 (1891), pp. 243, 307-
308, figs. 85-86. KELLOGG, Ins. Life, V (1892), p. 116. OSBORX, Proc. Iowa
Acad. Sc., I, Pt. ii (1892), p. 118. KELLOGG, Inj. Ins. Kans. (1892), pp. 42-43,
figs. 22, 23 b. NUTTING, Bull. Lab. Nat, Hist. Univ. Iowa, II (1893), p. 291.
BRUNER (pars), Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXVIII (1893), pp. 19-21,
fig. 8; ibid., XXX (1893), p. 35; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., UI (1893), p. 27; Rep.
Nebr. St. Bd. Agric., 1893 (1893), pp. 461-462, figs. 104-105 ; Ins. Life, VI ( 1893),
p. 34. COOK, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XX (1894). p. 337. BRUNER, Rep. St.
Hort. Soc, Nebr., 1894 (1894), pp. 163, 205, fig. 71. MORSE (pars), Psyche, VII
(1894), p. 106. BLATCHLEY, Can. Ent., XXVI (1894), pp. 244-245. BRUXER,
Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXXII (1894), p. 12; Nebr. St. Hort. Rep.,
1895 (1895), p. 69.
Pezotettix biriUatus Stal, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 14.
GARMAN, Orth. Ky. (1894), p. 8.
[Some of the above references belong with little doubt to M.femoratus, with which
this species has often been confounded, but whenever it was not clear, that they
belonged to M.femoratus I have retained them here.]
Varying in general ground color from fusco- testaceous to very dark
brownish fuscous, striped with fulvo- or pallid testaceous. Head flavo-
testaeeous, more or less iiifuscated, the summit with a broad, median,
widening, blackish fuscous stripe, which extends backward from the
so. n 2 4. BE VIS I OX OF THE MELA XOPLISC UDDER. 3 G 5
front of the fastigium but avoids the eyes; vertex gently tumid, the
interspace between the eyes broad, equaling the frontal costa, the
fastigium broadly, equally, and very shallowly suleate; frontal costa
broad, subequnl, with rounded margins, feebly sulcate at and below
the ocellus, feebly punctate laterally; eyes as in M.feworatits; antennae
ferruginous, more or less considerably and broadly iufuscated apically,
about as long (male) or about two-thirds as long (female) as the hind
femora. Pronotum enlarging a little from in front backward, more
feebly in the male than in the female, the disk as in M.femoratus, the
median carina slight but distinct throughout, generally slighter (but
only a little) between the sulci, the lateral cariuae obscure, consisting
of a rounded angle, the front margin very feebly convex, the hind margin
broadly rounded or obtusely rotundato-angulate; prozoua distinctly
longitudinal (male) or quadrate (female), generally a third (male) or a
fourth (female) longer than the metazoua, with very faint and exceed-
ingly sparse punctation, the metazona finely and closely punctate; disk
very dark brownish fuscous, rather broadly bordered laterally, including
the lateral carinae, with an equal, generally percurrent, fulvo-testaceous
or pallid testaceous stripe, usually half as broad as the frontal costa, and
which is bordered more or less narrowly and irregularly on the lateral
lobes of the prozona with blackish fuscous, fading below into fuscous,
except in the sulci. Prosternal spine as in M.femoratus. Tegmina
attaining or a little surpassing the hind femora, generally longer in the
male than in the female (in a single instance seen, a female, no longer
than the femora themselves) brownish or blackish fuscous, the anal
vein marked by a slender flavous stripe, the discoidal area not darker
than the rest, generally almost clear bat frequently with faint and del-
icate mottling; wings hyaline, the cross- veins, except in the inner half
of the expanded anal area, fuscous. Fore and middle femora ferrugi-
nous, more or less heavily infuscated above; hind femora rather long
and moderately stout, ferrugineo-testaceous, the outer and generally
the inner faces black above, flavo-testaceous below, the inner half of the
upper face thrice very broadly banded with black, the genicular arc and
a basal transverse stripe across the lower genicular lobe black on both
sides; hind tibiae passing more or less gradually, at varying points but
generally near the middle, from purplish at the base to greenish yellow
(very rarely red or reddish) at the tip, the patella of the lighter color,
followed in lighter examples by a narrow black annulus, the spines black
almost or quite to their base, ten to thirteen in number in the outer
series. Extremity of male abdomen clavate, rounded, well upturned,
the supraanal plate clypeate, with strongly sinuous sides, rectangulate
tip, a slender percurrent very deep median sulcus, bounded in the basal
half or more by sharp walls, between which and the lateral margins the
whole plate is longitudinally hollowed; cerci very broad, laminate, ex-
ternally con vex, gently incurved, surpassing the supraanal plate, shaped
almost precisely as in M.femoratus but more elongate, and with the
3 1] 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
upper lobe of the expanded extremity bent at a lesser angle with the
basal portion; infracercal plate shorter than the supraanal, scarcely
surpassing its lateral margins; subgeuital plate moderately narrow, at
apex considerably and abruptly elevated and thickened, hardly pro-
longed posteriorly.
Length of body, male, 27 mm., female, 37 mm.; antennae, male. 14.75
inm., female, 13 mm.; tegmina, male, 20.5 mm., female, 26.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 15 mm., female, 20 mm. Specimens in Texas grow to a
much larger size, and it is very variable in this respect.
One hundred and twenty-nine males, 141 females. Franklin County,
Ohio, Lesquereux (Museum Comparative Zoology); Yigo and Fulton
counties, Indiana, AY. S. Blatchley; Chicago, Illinois; Eock Island Illi-
nois, Walsh; Moliue, Eock Island County, Illinois, McNeill; southern
Illinois, Keunicott; St. Louis, Missouri, Engelniann; Iowa (U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection) ; Dallas County, Iowa, August 8-10, September 1-3, J.
A. Allen; Jefferson. Greene County, Iowa, July 20-24, Allen; Crawford
County, Iowa, July 15-24, Allen; Minnesota, Uhler; Lake Winnipeg,
Manitoba, Scudder (Museum Comparative Zoology) ; Winnipeg, Mani-
toba, Kennicott, Gunn (Uhler); Custer, South Dakota, Bruuer (U.S.
N.M. Eiley collection); Dakota, Eothhanimer; Nebraska, Dodge;
Nebraska, A. Agassiz (Museum Comparative Zoology); Fort Eobin-
son, Dawes County, Nebraska, Bruner (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection);
North Fork of Platte Eiver, Hayden; West Point, Cuming County,
Nebraska (L. Bruuer); Nebraska City, Otoe County, Nebraska, Hay-
den; Ellis, Kansas (Museum Comparative Zoology); Fort Hayes, Kan-
sas, Allen (same) ; Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas, 3,000 feet; between
Smoky Hill, Kansas, and Denver, Colorado, L. Agassiz (Museum Com-
parative Zoology); Texas, October 1, November 10, Belfrage (U.S.N.
M. Eiley collection ; S. H. Scudder); northern Texas, Uhler; Dallas,
Texas, Boll (Museum Comparative Zoology; S. H. Scudder); Pecos
Eiver, Texas, Captain Pope; Taos, New Mexico (U.S.N.M. Kiley
collection); Colorado (Museum Comparative Zoology); Colorado, 5,500
feet, Morrison (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection; S. H. Scudder); Garland,
Costilla County, Colorado, 8,000 feet, August 28-29; Yeta Pass, Cos-
tilla County, Colorado (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Pueblo, Colo,
rado, 4,700 feet, August 30-31 ; Grenada and Las Auimas, Bent County,
Colorado; Colorado Springs, El Paso County, Colorado, E. S. Tucker
(University of Kansas); Clear Creek Canyon. Jefferson County, Colo
rado, Packard (Museum Comparative Zoology); Pacific E. E. expl. ?
latitude 38, Lieutenant Beckwith; Grand Junction, Mesa County,
Colorado (L. Bruner); White Eiver, Eio Blanco County, Colorado,
(U.S.N.M. Eiley collection; S. H. Scudder); Fort Collins, Larimer
County, Colorado, Buffuin (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Utah, Gar-
ni an (Museum Comparative Zoology); American Fork Canyon, Utah,
0,500 feet, August 23; Salt Lake Yalley, Utah, 4,300 feet, August 1-4;
Spring Lake Yilla, Utah County, Utah, August 1-4, Palmer; Wyoming,
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCrDDER. 3' 1 7
Morrison (IJ.S.N.M. Riley collection); North Pacific Railroad sur-
vey, George Suckley; upper Missouri River, Hayden; head waters of
Missouri and Yellowstone, Hayden; Medicine Hat, Assiniboia, Canada,
(U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Fort McLeod, Alberta, Canada (same);
various localities on the Yakima River, Washington (Museum Com-
parative Zoology); Loon Lake, Colville Valley, Washington, July 25
(same); Spokane, Washington, July 21-22 (same); Puget Sound, C. P>.
Kennedy.
It has also been reported from Tennessee and Mississippi (Thomas),
Nevada (Riley), Idaho (Thomas, Millikeu), Souris River, Alberta, Can-
ada (Scudder), Grand Rapids, NW. T. (Nutting), and Victoria (Fletcher) ;
also, possibly, from Mexico (Saussure). It therefore probably ranges
from southern Canada to the Gulf, but is unknown along the Atlantic
Seaboard, and wholly unreported from the Pacific Slope south of Wash-
ington, (unless, as above, in Mexico) and it hardly ranges as far north
as M.femoratm.
Brunei* in one of his accounts of this species says it is "a lover of
rank and succulent vegetation, such as is found upon bottom lands,
along the edges of cultivated fields, at the margins of woodlands and
on the shaded mountain slopes." When "it develops in large num-
bers, then these haunts are forsaken, to a greater or less extent, and it
spreads over cultivated fields, eating the choicest of everything." In
Iowa, Mr. J, A. Allen found it common on dry prairies, as well as in
moist sloughs on tall grass.
It seldom develops any marked migratory propensity and its egg-
laying habits " differ considerably from those of the smaller migratory
species, insomuch as but one or two clusters or pods are deposited by
a single female. Nevertheless, just as many eggs are laid by each
female insect. These eggs are deposited in prairie sod or any compact
soil in the vicinity of the regular haunts or feeding places. Old roads
and closely cropped pastures, when located handily, are favorite resorts
for the heavily laden females when attending to this mission of theirs."
(Bruner.)
Its destructiveness appears to be mainly confined to grass, grain,
and garden vegetables. It appears in the winged state the last of
June or early in July, but eggs are not laid until late in August;
sixty-two to seventy-two eggs have been counted in the egg pods by
Donald Gunn in Manitoba.
Blatchley has taken the male of this species in coitu with 3f. femo-
ratus, and considers them the same species, as do many others. The
range of the two species, which are certainly very closely allied, differs
to a considerable extent, though both are found over a large extent of
territory side by side; one is a seaboard and northern form, the other
an interior species. Besides the differences in the hind tibiae, which
rarely cause hesitation in attempting to separate them, there are slight
'differences which I have attempted to state, in the abdominal append
368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE XATIOXAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
ages and in the tegmiua, besides some distinction in the general
coloration.
The specimens from Grand Junction, Colorado, mentioned above as in
B rimer's collection, are short winged and indicate occasional dimorphism
in this species.
127. MELANOPLUS THOMASI, new species.
(Plate XXV, fig. !.)
Melanoplus thomasi BRUNER!, MS.
Dark plumbeo-olivaceous, the abdomen dark ferruginous. Head
marked with flavo- testaceous below and on the inner side of the eyes
above, above the antennal scrobes, along the lateral edges of the fron-
tal costa, and in a broad stripe behind the upper part of the eyes, which
passes backward; vertex gently tumid; interspace between the eyes
scarcely narrower than the frontal costa, the fastiginm broadly and
rather shallowly sulcate in front, the frontal costa broad, equal, deli-
cately punctate, shallowly sulcate at and below the ocellus; eyes mod-
erately large, not very prominent, about as long as the infraocular
portion of the genae; antennae reddish becoming infuscated apically,
a little shorter (male) than the hind femora. Pronotum subequal,
enlarging a very little posteriorly, the front margin nearly truncate,
the hind margin very broadly angulate, the disk nearly plane, separated
by subdistinct but rounded lateral carinae from the subvertical, slightly
tumid, lateral lobes, the median carina distinct on the metazona, very
feeble on the prozona, the smooth prozona considerably and roundly
emarginate in the middle half behind, distinctly longitudinal, nearly a
half longer than the closely but shallowly punctate metazona, with a
moderately broad, equal, navo-testaceous stripe on either side of the
disk of the whole pronotum, limited by the lateral carinae, the Literal
lobes nearly uniform dark plumbeo-olivaceous, but deeper in color above
than below. Prosternal spine stout, rather long, cylindrical, blunt,
enlarging slightly on apical half as seen from the front. Tegmina not
reaching the tip of the femora, testaceous with dark veins, a navo-
testaceous stripe following the anal vein; wings pellucid, the veins tes-
taceous or fusco testaceous, colorless in the lower half of the anal area.
Femora dark plumbeo-olivaceous, the hind pair tinged above with fer-
ruginous, the lower half of the outer side flavous, the inner and lower
face coralline, with a faint pregenicular flavous annulus more or less
complete, preceded on the inner side above by a fuscous patch, the
genicular arc plumbeo fuscous; hind tibiae wholly coral red, the spines
black at the base, eleven in number in the outer series. Extremity of
male abdomen somewhat clavate, rounded, a little upturned, the supra-
anal plate broad and triangular with sinuate lateral margins, recitan-
gulate apex, nearly plane, but with a rather broad and shallow median
longitudinal sulcus in the basal half, bordered by rather low walls, and
a pair of apical, distant and subparallel, short, gently arcuate, slight
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCVDDER. 3fi9
ridges; furcula consisting of a pair of subsemicircular distant lobes,
projecting from the middle of the thickened plates occupying the inner
portion of the last dorsal segment, the projecting portion lying outside
the bases of the ridges bordering the basal sulcus of the supraanal
plate; cerci large, broad, and rather stout, apically a little incurved,
broadly constricted mesially as seen from the side, the apical portion
triangularly expanded above, truncate after a slight expansion below,
the apical margin broadly convex, subtruncate; in fracercal plates about
as long as the supraanal plate, in the apical half a little expanded beyond
the lateral margins of the same; subgenital plate moderately narrow,
considerably prolonged and elevated apically, as well as thickened.
Length of body, male, 33 mm. ; antennae, circ. 16 mm. ; tegmina, 25
mm.; hind femora, 18.5 mm.
One male. Lerdo, Durango, Mexico, November (L. Bruner).
This species is rather nearer to M. femoratus than to M. bivittatns,
though geographically separated more widely from the former.
128. MELANOPLUS YARROWII.
(Plate XXV, fig. 2.)
Caloplenus yarroicii THOMAS, Rep. Geol. Geogr. Expl. 100th Mer., V (1875), p.
894, pi. XLV, fig. 5; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 43. BRUNER, ibid.,
111(1883), p. 60.
Light brownish yellow, somewhat cinereous, nearly uniform. Head
nearly uniform, hardly darker above, the vertex gently tumid, the
interspace between the eyes not very broad, distinctly narrower than
the frontal costa, the fasti giuin feebly sulcate throughout; frontal costa
moderately broad, slightly broader below than above, failing to reach
the clypeus, very feebly and broadly sulcate below the ocellus, punctate
on either side; eyes moderate, only feebly prominent, hardly longer
than the in fraocular portion of the genae; antennae red. Pronotum
feebly enlarging apically, the front margin truncate, the hind margin
bluntly and very obtusely angulate, the disk nearly plane, the lateral
lobes subvertical; median carina feeble, subobsolete between the sulci;
lateral carinae very rounded ; prozoua nearly smooth, scarcely longi-
tudinal (male) or quadrate (female), but little longer than the metazona,
its middle sulcus transverse, the posterior sinuate; metazoua closely
and rather finely punctate; pronotum without markings except a faint
slender flavous streak along the discal side of the lateral carinae and,
in the male at least, some irregular blackish fuscous blotches on the
lateral lobes. Prosternal spine moderately long, conico-cylindrical,
blunt, erect. Tegmina reaching the tip of the hind femora, brownish
testaceous without markings, tapering very gently and regularly to a
well-rounded tip; wings pellucid with a feeble greenish tinge, the veins
and cross veins fuscous only above the anal area, except to a slight
degree. Hind femora olivaceo-testaceous, more or less infumated above
and on the outer face, the lower carina of the outer face flavous, and
Proc. N. M. vol. xx 24
370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MrSEUM. VOL.XX.
dull flavous beneath, with a median and postmedian fuscous patch on
the upper half of the inner face, the geuicular arc plumbeous or fusco-
plumbeous; hind tibiae red, the spines black except at extreme base,
ten to thirteen in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdo-
men feebly clavate, rounded, upturned, the supraanal plate broad,
rounded triangular, the lateral borders slightly bent in the middle, with
a narrow, moderately deep, percurrent, median sulcus with moderately
high, not very sharp walls, on either side of the posterior extremity of
which is a similar, parallel, short ridge; furcula present only as the
sbarply rectangulate inner corners of the slightly parted lateral halves
of the last dorsal segment; cerci broad, stout, laminate, faintly convex,
considerably and regularly incurved, the basal half tapering gently,
beyond the middle expanding considerably, more above than below, into
a flabellate pad considerably broader than long, bluntly rounded above
and below, with nearly straight and truncate, but not broadly truncate,
posterior margin, the whole fully as long as the supraanal plate; infra-
cereal plates broader than the apical half of the supraanal plate, no
longer than it, narrowing rapidly and roundly; subgenital plate rather
broad and short, considerably elevated and prolonged apically, entire,
extending far beyond the supraanal plate.
Length of body, male, 25.5 mm., female, 33 mm.; tegmina, male, 19
mm., female, 21 mm.; hind femora, male, 13.5 mm., female, 16.5 mm.
One male, 1 female. Grand Junction, Mesa County, Colorado,
August 28, C. P. Gillette, through L. Bruner.
Although Thomas's description of C. yarrowii was based upon a
female only, I am tolerably confident that this species is to be referred
to it; it certainly fits it better than any known to me, and its reference
here was suggested to me by Professor Bruner. Thomas gave no locality
beyond "found in the collection," which was made in "portions of
Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona." He
afterwards mentions it as "probably from Arizona, but possibly from
Nevada," without giving reasons. From all that appears it might have
come as well from Colorado or Utah.
129. MELANOPLUS OLIVACEUS, new species.
(Plate XXV, fig. 3.)
^ Melanoplus olivaceus BRUNER!, MS.
Dark brownish testaceous with an olivaceous tint, nearly uniform in
coloring. Head varying in front from dark olivaceous to fuscous or
ferruginous, the vertex like the rest of the body and gently tumid;
interspace between the eyes only moderately broad, distinctly narrower
than the frontal costa; fastigium very slightly and broadly sulcate;
frontal costa moderately broad and equal, hardly reaching the clypeus,
sedately punctate at the sides, more or less shallowly sulcate except-
ing above; eyes moderately large, rather prominent especially in the
male, considerably longer, at least in the male, than the intraocular
NO. 1124. RE VISION' OF THE MELAyOPLISC UDDER. 371
portion of the genae; antennae red, infuscated apically. Pronotum
subequal, scarcely expanding posteriorly even in the female, the front
margin subtruucate, the hind margin broadly angulate, the angle
rounded; disk very feebly convex and separated by subdistinct lateral
cariuae formed of a rounded angle from the subvertical lateral lobes,
the median cariua distinct but slight on the metazona, feeble on the
prozona, sometimes subobsolete between the sulci ; prozoua smooth, dis-
tinctly longitudinal (male) or subtrausverse (female), a third (male) or
scarcely (female) longer than the finely and closely punctate metazona, the
principal sulcus between them straight; without lighter markings at
the lateral carinae, the lateral lobes more or less but feebly discolored,
the posterior lobe of the prozona usually the darker. Prosterual spine
rather long, moderately stout, subcylindrical, blunt, a little retrorse.
Tegmiua surpassing the hind femora, rather slender, tapering very
feebly, brownish testaceous without longitudinal stripes. Fore and
middle femora plunibeo olivaceous, somewhat tumid in the male; hind
femora brown or ferruginous above, dark olivaceous on the outer face,
dull flavous beneath and on the inner side, but on the latter more or
less interrupted with fuscous above, the geuicular arc brownish tes-
taceous; hind tibiae wholly coral red, the spines black almost to the
base, ten to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male
abdomen feebly clavate, upturned, the supraanal plate triangular with
gently sinuate margins, subrectangulate apex, nearly flat, with a very
broad and obscure, feebly percurrent, longitudinal sulcus, bounded by
low broad walls, a little constricted in the apical half; furcula consist-
ing of a pair of slight acuminate deuticulations, arising from the thick-
ened inner extremities of the divided halves of the last dorsal seg-
ment, and overlying the ridges bounding the median sulcus of the
supraanal plate ; cerci large and broad, gently incurved, slightly taper-
ing on the basal half, and then expanding into a transversely suboval
apical flabellatiou, nearly half as broad again as the extreme base,
expanding more above than below, the apical margin broadly convex,
the whole considerably surpassing the supraanal plate; infracercal
plates surpassing but slightly the sides of the supraanal plate, about as
long as it; subgenital plate moderately broad, the lateral margins
hardly elevated apically, but considerably prolonged, subtuberculate.
Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 29 mm.; tegmina, male, 20
mm., female, 24.5 mm.; hind femora, male, 13.75 inin., female 15.75 mm.
Three males, 2 females. Los Angeles, California, Coquillett, July
(L. Bruner; U.S.KM. Kiley collection).
This is the smallest and at the same time the slightest species in this
series.
28. PUNCTULATUS SERIES.
This group is composed of species with prominent head and rapidly
declivent fastigium, and, in the male, very prominent eyes. The joints
of the antennae are unusually long. The prouotum is rather short and
372 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL lirSETM. VOL.XX.
in front rather flaring to receive the head, the prozona quadrate (male)
or distinctly transverse (female), the prosternal spine short, conical,
and erect, and the interval between the mesosternal lobes relatively
broad. The tegmina are fully developed, longer than the hind femora,
maculate over their whole breadth. The hind femora are twice rather
narrowly belted with black, and the hind tibiae red, more or less
obscured.
The supraanal plate of the male is triangular, the furcula very slight
or wanting, the cerci very large and broad, immensely expanded api-
cally and flabellate, with convex apical margin, the subgenital plate
very much prolonged and greatly elevated apically.
The insects are of medium or large size and dark color, much mot-
tled, and live as far as known only on coniferous trees. Two species
are known, one from the Southwest, the other over a large part of the
country east of the Rocky Mountains.
130. MELANOPLUS ARBOREUS, new species.
(Plate XXV, fig. 5.)
Dull grimy olivaceous, heavily spotted and clouded with brownish
and blackish fuscous, giving it a more or less conspicuously mottled
appearance. Head very large and exceptionally prominent ; in brightest
specimens livid or dull pale flavous, heavily and irregularly flecked with
very dark olivaceous inclining to blackish fuscous, forming more or less
well-marked stripes, bordering the upper part of the eyes and following
the median line of the vertex ; vertex tumid ; interspace between the
eyes rather narrow, narrower than the frontal costa; fastigium rapidly
declivent, silicate, the sulcation broadening a little anteriorly; frontal
costa moderately broad, equal, laterally punctate, at and below the
ocellus sulcate; eyes large, very prominent, particularly in the male;
antennae pale flavous, becoming ferruginous apically, infuscated broadly
and obscurely at intervals throughout, a little longer (male) or a little
shorter (female) than the hind femora. Prouotum very feebly subsel-
late, the metazona flaring slightly and the prozona distinctly, though
over but little space, to receive the head, the front margin faintly con-
vex, the hind margin broadly angulate, the angle broadly rounded, the
whole brownish fuscous or yellowish brown, more or less mottled
(except on the metazona) with olivaceous or dull flavous and with fus-
cous, the latter (sometimes tinged with olivaceous) forming on the
upper half of the lateral lobes a broad more or less broken band; pro-
zona gently convex tranversely, passing insensibly into the inferiorly
vertical lateral lobes, quadrate (male) or distinctly transverse (female),
a half (male) or a fourth (female) as long again as the metazona, smooth,
the median carina very feeble, subobsolete between the sulci, but dis-
tinct though slight on the metazona ; the latter punctate, with feebly
indicated lateral carinae. Prosternal spine short, conical, bluntly
pointed, erect; interval between mesosternal lobes slightly longer than
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELAXOPLISCUDDElt. 373
broad (male) or slightly broader than long (female). Tegmiua surpass-
ing considerably the hind, femora, gently and feebly tapering from the
subbasal expansion to the well-rounded tip, fusco-testaceous with an
olivaceous tinge, distantly and uniformly flecked with usually roundish
or subquadrate dark fuscous spots, less abundant in the apical third,
but not confined at all to the discoidal area; wings smoky pellucid,
becoming feebly infuscated apically, the veins and cross-veins mostly
blackish fuscous. Fore and middle femora luteo-ferruginous, flecked
with dark olivaceous or fuscous; hind femora varying from, sordid
luteo-fuscous to dull pale olivaceous, rather narrowly and completely
bifasciate with black, forming unusually regular transverse bands, the
whole apex blackish fuscous or black; hind tibiae plumbeo-fuscous at
extreme base, followed by a very narrow black annulus and this by a
broader pale annulus, beyond which the tibiae are dull red, obscured
above, excepting at apex, and sometimes on the sides for a similar and
beneath for a brief distance, with fuscous, often broken into flecks,
the whole pilose above; spines black nearly or quite to their base,
ten to twelve in number in the outer series. Extremity of male abdo-
men feebly clavate, much upturned, the supraaual plate broad, triangu-
lar, with nearly straight lateral margins, acutangulate tip (too nearly
rectangulate in our figure), with a broad and rather shallow median
sulcus, interrupted beyond the middle, and in the basal half bounded
by moderately high walls; furcula composed of a pair of slight trian-
gular projections at the inner angles of the divided last dorsal segment,
overlying the ridges of the supraanal plate ; cerci large, subequal on the
basal two- fifths or more, then abruptly expanding into a transverse
apical flap, twice as broad as the base, the expansion almost wholly on
the upper side and at right angles to the basal portion, the apical
margin broadly convex, but below emarginate to form a denticulation
of the lower posterior angle of the flap, the whole gently incurved
and surpassing the supraanal plate ; iufracercal plates wholly concealed
beneath the supraanal plate; subgenital plate moderately broad, very
greatly extended and abruptly elevated at the extreme apex.
Length of body, male, 30 mm., female, 44 mm.; antennae, male, IS
mm., female, 16.5 mm.; tegmiua, male, 26 mm., female, 31 mm.; hind
femora, male, 16 mm., female, 21 nun.
Six males, 2 females. Dallas, Texas, Boll (U.S.KM. Kiley collec-
tion; S. H. Scudder); Gulf coast of Texas, Aaron; Arizona, Schaupp
(L. Bruner).
This species is certainly very closely allied to M.punctu latus, which
not only occurs with it, but over a much wider extent of country; it is
a much larger insect and differs in several points in the abdominal
appendages of the male, though it is possible that the two should be
looked upon as races of a single species.
374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
131. MELANOPLUS PUNCTULATUS.
(Plate XXV, fig. 4.)
Caloptenus punctulatus UHLER!, MS. (1862). SCUDDER!, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.,
VII (1862), p. 465. SMITH, Proc, Portl. Soc. Nat. Hist., I (1868), p. 150.
WALKER, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mas., IV (1870), p. 678. THOMAS, Rep. U.S.
Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 163. BRUNER, Can. Ent.., IX (1877), p. 145.
THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 43. BRUNER, ibid., Ill
(1883), p. 60.
Caloptenus griseus THOMAS, Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Snrv. Terr., V (1872), p. 454.
GLOVER, 111. N. A. Eiit., Orth. (1872), pi. xn, fig. 14. THOMAS, Rep. U. S.
Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 165. BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 144.
THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 42. BRUNER, ibid., Ill (1883), p. 60.
Mel anoplus punctulatus SCUDDER!, Hitchc. Rep. Geol. N. H., I (1874), p. 376;
Proc. Bost. Soc, Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), p. 285; Ent. Notes, VI (1878),
p. 44. FERNALD, Orth. N. E. (1888), pp. 31, 32; Ann. Rep. Mass. Agric. Coll.,
XXV (1888), pp. 115, 116. DAVIS, Ent.Amer.,V (1889), p. 81. SMITH, Cat.
Ins. X. J. (1890), p. 413. MCNEILL, Psyche, VI (1891), p. 74. SMITH, Bull.
N. J. Exp. St., XC (1892), p. 34. SCUDDER, Psyche, VII (1894), p. 55.
MORSE, ibid., VII (1894), pp. 55, 106. BEUTENMULLKR, Bull. Amer. Mus. Xat,
Hist., VI (1894), pp. 252, 307.
Caloptenus helluo SCUDDEK!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Xat. Hist., XVII (1875), p. 476;
Ent. Notes, IV (1875), p. 75. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878),
p. 43. SCUDDER!, Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 20. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent.
Comm., Ill (1883), p. 60.
Pezotettix helluo STAL, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 14.
Melanoplus lielluo SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), p. 285;
Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 44; Psyche, VII (1894), p. 55. MORSE, ibid., VII
(1894), p. 55.
Melanoplus griseus BLATCHLEY !, Can. Ent., XXIV (1892), pp. 30-31. BRUNER,
Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 28. SCUDDEK, Psyche, VII (1894),
p. 55. MORSE, ibid., VII (1894), p. 55. BLATCHLEY!, Can. Ent., XXVI
(1894), p. 245.
Dark brownish fuscous much mottled with blackish and often tinged
with dull olivaceous, beneath ferrugineo- testaceous. Head varying
from pale dull olivaceous to f err ugineo- testaceous, irregularly mottled
with blackish fuscous and with a blackish band behind the eyes and a
widening median stripe of the same upon the summit; vertex tumid;
fastigium rapidly declivent, sulcate throughout, the margins much
raised between the eyes, which are separated by a space less than the
width of the frontal costa; the latter prominent above, moderate in
breadth, subequal, sulcate below the ocellus, sparsely punctate through-
out, each point marked by a dark olivaceous dot; eyes large and in the
male very prominent, in both sexes much longer than the infraocular
portion of the genae; antennae varying from fusco luteous to fusco-
ferruginous, much longer (male) or a little or no shorter (female) than
the hind femora. Pronotum subequal, widening a little at the metazona
in the female, slightly flaring in front to receive the head, especially in
the male, varying from luteo-testaceous to brownish fuscous, often
much flecked and punctate with black or blackish fuscous, the lateral
lobes more heavily marked above with black on the prozona, forming
generally a broken or maculate band; front and hind margin as in
NO. 1124. RE I 'ISION OF THE MELAXOPLISC UDDER. 375
M. arboreus; prozona quadrate (male) or distinctly transverse (female),
not more than a third (male) or scarcely (female) longer than the
inetazona, the feebly tumid disk passing insensibly without lateral
carinae into the lateral lobes, though these are sometimes visible in the
posterior section as on the metazona ; median carina occasionally distinct
through out, but always feebler and sometimes very feeble on theprozona;
metazona closely ruguloso-punctate. Prosternal spine short, conical,
erect ; interval between mesosternal lobes su bquadr ate (male) or distinctly
transverse, but narrower than the lobes themselves (female). Tegrnina
somewhat surpassing the hind femora, very gradually tapering to a
well-rounded apex, fusco-testaceous, sprinkled with moderately large
roundish or quadrate fuscous spots; wings pellucid, with a feeble
greenish-yellow tinge, feebly infumated apically where the veins and
cross veins are blackish fuscous. Fore and middle femora luteo- or
olivaceo-testaceous heavily flecked with black, showing a tendency to
form a triple belting; hind femora similar, the black forming mod-
erately narrow basal, preinedian, postraedian, and apical belts, which
do no not touch the coralline under and inner surfaces, except the latter
in a partial way; hind tibiae dull red, with a postbasal obscure flavous
annulus, before which they are sometimes blackened, and beyond which,
above and on the sides, often flecked or suffused with plumbeo-fuscous,
the serial space between the spines often dull luteous, the whole pilose;
spines black nearly or quite to their base, except on the inner side, ten
to twelve in number in the outer series, none arising very near the base of
the tibiae. Extremity of the male abdomen scarcely clavate, somewhat
upturned, the supraanal plate triangular, with convex lateral margins
and subrectangulate apex, its median sulcus terminating abruptly in
the middle, rather broad, somewhat shallow, bounded by rather sharp
walls; furcula entirely wanting; cerci large, broad, the basal half or
less subequal, exteriorly convex and punctate, beyond abruptly expand-
ing to nearly double the width in exactly opposite directions, consider-
ably more above than below, but otherwise symmetrical, the apical
margin angulato-convex, the whole gently incurved; infracercal plates
surpassing the sides of the supraanal plate only at the extreme base
and slightly; subgenital plate moderately broad, apically abruptly
elevated to a considerable degree and thickened, but only a little
prolonged.
Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 28 mm.; antennae, male,
14.5 mm., female, 12 mm.; tegmina, male, 17 mm., female, 18.5 mm.;
hind femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 12 inm.
Nineteen males, 34 females. Maine, Packard, P. E. Uhler; North
Conway, Carroll County, New Hampshire; Audover, Essex County,
Massachusetts, November; vicinity of Boston, Massachusetts, Uhler;
Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, September (Museum
Comparative Zoology; S. H. Scudder); Waltham, Middlesex County,
Massachusetts, September 5, C. J. Maynard (A. P. Morse); Sherborn,
Middlesex County, Massachusetts, September, Mrs. A. L. Babcock
376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. xx.
(same); Amherst, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, August 22
(same); Canaan, Litclifield County, Connecticut, August 18 (same);
Ellen ville, Ulster County, New York, September, Beutenmiiller (A. P.
Morse; S. H. Scudder) ; Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York, August 2.
28 (A. P. Morse); Point of Kocks, Frederick County, Maryland, August
19, Pergande (L. Bruner); Middle States, Osten Sacken; Yirgiuia (L.
Bruner) ; Shenandoah Yalley, Virginia, October, Packard (Museum Com-
parative Zoology) ; Indiana, October 7, Blatchley (A. P. Morse) ; Fulton
County, Indiana, Blatchley; Yigo County, Indiana, Blatchley (A. P.
Morse); Putnam County, Indiana, August 20, Blatchley (same); Bloom-
ington, Monroe County, Indiana, Bollman (U.S.N.M.); Illinois, Sep-
tember (L. Bruner); Eock Island, Illinois, Walsh; Dallas, Texas, Boll
(U.S.N.M. Riley collection; S. H. Scudder).
It has also been reported from Vermont (Scudder); Staten Island,
New York (Davis) ; Ocean County, New Jersey (Smith) ; Ohio (Thomas) ;
Galesburg, Knox County, and Urbana, Champaign County, Illinois
(McNeill), and eastern Nebraska (Bruner).
Bruner reports it from oak groves and Smith on cranberry bogs, but
Beutenmiiller has found that it lives 011 pine trees. Blatchley found it
in the depths of a tamarack swamp, and says it is not an active insect,
"usually, after one or two short leaps, squatting close to the earth, and
seemingly depending upon the close similarity of its hues to the gray-
ish lichens about it to avoid detection." Others have since found it on
coniferous trees, and these are, apparently, its proper station.
24. PHOETALIOTES, new genus.
, aroamer.)
Body elongate, rather slender, a little compressed, very feebly pilose,
including faintly the tegmina and legs. Head large, full, prominent,
relatively elongate, nearly half as long again as the long prozona, the
space behind the eyes fully half as long as the breadth of the eyes, the
genae a little tumescent, the head apart from the eyes slightly broader
than the pronotuin; vertex prominent and well arched both longi-
tudinally and transversely; face a little oblique; eyes rounded broad
oval, moderately prominent, subtruncate anteriorly, moderately dis-
tant, somewhat farther apart than the greatest width of the frontal
costa; fastigium very faintly sulcate, almost plane; frontal costa promi-
nent, markedly narrower above than below the ocellus; antennae
slender, moderately long, but shorter than the hind femora, though fully
twice as long as the prorioturn. Pronoturn of moderate length, faintly
subsellate but otherwise equal, feebly flaring in front to receive the head ;
disk rounded subtectate, with broadly rounded very indistinct lateral
carinae, and a sharp, equal, and percurrent median carina; prozoua
longitudinal, nearly half as long again as the inetazona, with indistinct
transverse sulci; front margin subtruncate, hind margin extremely ob-
tusangulate. Prosternal spine rather large, erect, conical, blunt; meso-
and metastethia together much more than twice as long as broad;
NO. 1124. EE riSIOX OF THE MELAXOPLISC UDDER. 377
interspace between rnesosternal lobes much (male) or a little (female)
longer than broad, the metasternal lobes attingeiit (male) or approxi-
mate (female) ; portion of metasternum behind the lobes about twice
as broad as long and about half as broad as the greatest breadth of
the metasternum. Tegmiua either abbreviate, broad lanceolate, acumi-
nate, attingent, slightly longer than the pronoturn, or fully developed,
surpassing the hind femora, rather broad and equal, well rounded at
tip. hardly tapering in the distal half, at a distance from the apex
equal to the breadth of the tegmina as broad as the metazona, the
intercalaries and cross veins of the discoidal area everywhere few, the
venation in general loose, irregular, and ill-defined, the humeral vein
broadly sinuous, terminating on the costal margin at least as far before
the apex as the breadth of the tegmina, nowhere running closely par-
allel to the costal margin nor gradually merging into it, the area inter-
calata not reaching the middle of the tegmina. Hind femora long and
slender, the genicular lobes pallid with a transverse basal fuscous
stripe, the hind tibiae glaucous, sometimes yellowish, with eleven to
thirteen spines in the outer series. Abdomen compressed, mesially
carinate, apically clavate and recurved in the male, the subgenital
plate narrow and long, with lateral margins ampliate at base, the
apical margin mesially pinched but not elevated, the apical face with
no subapical tubercle; furcula delicately developed; cerci compressed
styliform, rather small; ovipositor of female normally exserted.
This genus is very closely related to Melanoplus, from which it is to
be distinguished by its large tumid head and subsellate equal prono-
tum, as well as by its substyliform cerci, though the last characteristic
is found in some degree in a couple of species of Melanoplus. The
neuration of the tegmina, when the latter are developed, also differs to
a certain degree, pointed out in the descriptions. Bruner ' has already
expressed the opinion that this type should be generically dissociated
from other Melanopli.
A single species is known, found in the western Mississippi basin
and beyond its latitudinal limits from Alberta to Mexico.
PHOETALIOTES NEBRASCENSIS.
(Plates I, fig. e; XXV, figs. 6, 7.)
Pezotettix megacephala THOMAS, MS., fide Dodge, Caii. Ent., IV (1872), p. 15
undescribed.
PHOETALIOTES NEBRASCENSIS NEBRASCENSIS.
(Plate XXV, fig. 6.)
Pezotettix nebrascensis THOMAS, Aim. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1872), p.
455. GLOVER., 111. N. A. Ent., Orth. (1872), pi. xm, fig. 2. THOMAS, Rep.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., V (1873), p. 151. BRUNER, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p.
144. STAL, Bib. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Haudl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 14. BRUNER,
Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59; Bull. Wasbb. Coll., I (1885;, pp.
136-137; Rep. U. S. Ent. (1885-86), p. 307. OSBORN, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sc., I,
Pt. ii (1892), p. 117.
1 Bull. Wnsbb. Coll., I, p. 37.
378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL HrSEVM. VOL.XX.
Pezotettix autumnalis DODGE!, Can. Ent., VIII (1876), p. 10. BRUXER, ibid., IX
(1877), p. 144; Eep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 59. MCXEILL, Psyche,
VI (1891), p. 76.
Caloptenus sanguinocephalus LA MUNYON, Proc. Nebr. Ass. Adv. Sc. (1877), March
8, 1877.
Euprepocnemis nebrascensis BRUXER, Pub. Xebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 28.
PHOETALIOTES NEBRASCENSIS VOLTJCRIS.
(Plates I, fig. e', XXV, fig. 7.)
Caloptenu8 volucris DODGE, Can. Ent., IX (1877), p. 112. BRUNER, ibid., IX
(1877), p. 145. THOMAS, Rep. U. S. Ent. Coimn., I (1878), p. 43. BRUNER,
ibid., Ill (1883), p. 60.
Fu'sco-testaceous, flavous beneath. Head navo-testaceous, in fresh
specimens more or less fusco-olivaceous, much infuscated above, with a
broad piceous postocular band, and often with a pair of divergent fus-
cous or ferrugineous stripes on the summit: vertex very tumid, dis-
tinctly elevated above* the level of the pronotum, the interspace between
the eyes twice (male) or thrice (female) as broad as the first antenual
joint j fastigiuin rather rapidly declivent, with scarcely perceptible sul-
cation ; frontal costa not nearly reaching the clypeus, much broader
below than above the ocellus, the change rather abruptly effected and
more striking in the female than in the male, at its broadest consider-
ably narrower than the interspace between the eyes, distinctly impressed
at the ocellus, and in the male sulcate below it, punctate throughout,
above biseriately; eyes moderately large, rather prominent, with no
great difference between the sexes, fully as long as (female) or distinctly
longer than (male) the infraocular portion of the geuae; antennae
testaceous, feebly infuscated apically, about four-fifths (male) or three-
fifths (female) as long as the hind femora (but in southern examples of
P. n. nebrascensis relatively longer). Pronotum equal, except for being
faintly subsellate, especially in the male, the disk ferrugineo-fuscous,
rounded subtectate, passing by a very broadly and uniformly rounded
shoulder, forming a semblance of blunt lateral carinae, into the ante-
riorly feebly tumid vertical lateral lobes, which are more or less tiavous
below, and above are marked on the prozona with a very broad piceous
postocular baud, generally broader on the posterior section and occa-
sionally broken there; median carina sharp but not high, equal, per-
current; front margin subtruncate, hind margin very obtusaugulate,
in the female often rotundato-obtusaugulate; prozona distinctly longi-
tudinal in both sexes, sparsely and shallowly and sometimes very
obscurely punctate, nearly half as long again as the densely and finely
punctate metazona. Prosternal spine rather long, erect, conical, blunt;
interspace between mesosterual lobes about two and a half times longer
than broad (male) or about half as long again as broad (female). Teg-
mina slightly longer than the prouotum, broad lanceolate, attingent,
the costal margin angulato-convex, the tip bluntly acuminate, ferru
gineo-testaceous (P. n. nebrascensis}, or surpassing a little the hind
femora, overlapping, rather broad, remarkably equal, the apex well
NO. 1124. RE VISION OF THE MELA NOPLISC UDDER. 379
rounded, ferrugineo-testaceous in the basal half, beyond subhyaline
with fusco-testaceous veins and cross veins (P. n. volucris, Plate I, fig. e) ;
wings in the latter form about as long as the tegmina, moderately
broad, hyaline with fusco-olivaceous or fusco-ferrugiuous veins becom-
ing increasingly infuscated apically. Fore and middle femora a little
tumid in the male; hind femora flavo-testaceous, generally more
or less infuscated or fusco-olivaceous in the upper half of the outer
face, the inner side and outer carina of the upper face and upper
limit of the inner face more or less distinctly and rather narrowly
bifasciate or bimaculate with fuscous; lower face flavous sometimes
deepening into roseate; upper genicular lobe and base of lower genic-
ular lobe blackish fuscous; hind tibiae usually glaucous, sometimes
lighter, sometimes darker, occasionally yellowish, with a subbasal black-
ish annulus and the apex fuscescent or flavescent, the spines black
almost or quite to the base, twelve to thirteen, rarely eleven, in number
in the outer series. Extremity of male abdomen feebly clavate, a little
recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with slightly convex sides and
feebly acutaugulate apex, the median sulcus rather broad and equal,
reaching only the middle of the plate and there fading abruptly, the
moderately high walls terminating against a feebly transverse plica;
furcula consisting of a pair of very slender and brief needles overlying
the submedian ridges of the supraanal plate, not nearly so long as the
last dorsal segment ; cerci compressed substyliform, moderately broad
at base, tapering more rapidly in the basal than in the apical half,
bluntly acuminate at tip and about as long as the supraanal plate;
subgenital plate narrow and apically narrowing slightly, the lateral
and apical margins in about the same plane, the apical margin laterally
compressed niesially, so as to simulate an apical tubercle, entire.
Measurements: P. n. nebrascensis (Colorado). Length of body, male,
22 mm., female, 23 mm.; antennae, male, 9.5 mm., female, 7 mm.; teg-
miua, male, 6 mm., female, 6.5 mm.; hind femora, male, female, 11.75
mm. (Texas), body, male, 22.5 mm., female, 30 mm.; antennae, male,
female, 11 mm.; tegmina, male, 6 mm., female, 7.5 mm.; hind femora,
male, 13 mm., female, 15.25 mm. P. n. volucris (male, Nebraska; female,
Montana), body, male, 23 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male, 9 mm.,
female, 7.25 mm., tegmina, male, 18.5 mm., female, 18 mm.; hind
femora, male, 11.2 mm., female, 12.5 mm. (Texas), body, male, 24mm.,
female, 28.5 mm.; antennae, male, 10.5 mm., female, 9 mm.; tegmina,
male, 18.25 mm., female, 20 mm.; hind femora, male, 13.5 mm., female,
15 mm
Twenty-seven males, 28 females. Medicine Hat, Assiniboia, Septem-
ber (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Fort McLeod, Alberta, September
(same); Glendive, Dawson County, Montana (L. Bruuer); Wyoming,
Morrison (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Nebraska, Dodge, October
(same; S. Henshaw; S. H. Scudder); Gordon, Sheridan County,
Nebraska, September (U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Fort Robinson,
380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL xx.
Dawes County, Nebraska, August 21, Bruner (same) ; Ogalalla, Keith
County, Nebraska, August 31 (L. Bruner); West Point, Cuniiug
County, Nebraska, September (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection; L. Bruuer) ;
Omaha, Douglas County, Nebraska, September (U.S.N.M. Riley col-
lection); Cordova, Eock Island County, Illinois, September 28, J.
McNeill; Lakin, Kearny County, Kansas, 3,000 feet, September 1;
between Smoky Hill, Kansas, and Denver, Colorado, September, L.
Agassiz (Museum Comparative Zoology); Pueblo, Colorado. 4,700 feet,
August 30-31; Dallas, Texas, Boll (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection; S.
H. Scudder); Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas, May (U.S.N.M.
Eiley collection); Tucson, Pima County, Arizona (same); Montelovez,
Cohahuila, Mexico, September 20, E. Palmer; Sierra de San Miguel ito,
San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E. Palmer; Guanajuato, Mexico, A. Duges
(U.S.N.M.); Queretaro, Mexico, November (L. Bruner); Tlalpan, Mex-
ico, November (same).
The species has also been reported from Colona, Henry County, Illi-
nois (McNeill), Topeka, Shawnee County, Kansas (Bruner), Iowa
(Osborn), and Dakota (Bruner). McNeill states that the species was
to be found at Cordova, Illinois, only " in a large orchard on the east
side of a high hill."
P. n. volucris has been seen by me from Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska,
Texas, Arizona, and Mexico; P. n. nebrascensis from all the general
regions mentioned excepting Montana, Wyoming, and Arizona.
Bruner long ago pointed out the dimorphism. The antennae of south-
ern examples are relatively longer than in those from northern stations,
at least in the form P. n. nebrascensis.
25. PAROXYA.
(Ilcxpa, beside; Oxya, a genus of Acridiinae.)
Paroxya SCUDDER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), pp. 28-29.
Body straight, subcylindrical, briefly pilose. Head moderately large,
not prominent, the face subdeclivent, the eyes large, prominent, half as
long again (female) or twice as long (male) as the anterior infraocular
portion of the genae, separated from each other above by fully (male)
or very much more than (female) the width of the basal joint of the
antennae; fastigiuin rather broad, slightly sulcate; frontal costa rather
prominent above and punctate, subequal, percurrent, feebly sulcate,
about as broad as the interspace between the eyes; antennae long, half
or much more than half the length of the body in the male, equal, the
joints subdepressed, beyond the middle punctate. Dorsuin of pronotuni
twice as long as the average width, at least in the male, subequal
throughout, there being no median constriction, transversely very
broadly tectate, nearly plane, the median carina slight, equal, percur-
rent, the lateral carinae distinct but blunt, the prozona only about a
third (or less) longer than the metazona, the hind border of latter
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 381
obtusely and bluntly angulate; lateral lobes vertical, their lower border
very obtusely angulate in the middle. Prosternal spine prominent,
subcylindrical, bluntly pointed, laterally compressed at the base, at
least in the male; mesosternal lobes narrowly separated in both sexes;
metasternal lobes subattingent (male) or as distant as the mesosternal
lobes (female). Tegmina and wings variable, but at least as long as
the pronotum. Hind femora reaching or generally surpassing the tip of
the abdomen, moderately stout but tapering very regularly, unarmed
above, the inferior geuicular lobes produced but apically rounded,
marked at base with a transverse dark bar; spiued margins of hind
tibiae smooth, scarcely dilated toward the tip, provided on outer margin
with nine to thirteen, generally eleven, spines, the larger number being
more common in the female. Subgenital plate of male short, transverse,
of subequal width throughout, more or less tumid, the lateral margins
ampliate at the base; anal cerci of male long, laminate, subclepsydral
in shape, incurved; edges of inferior valve of ovipositor smooth.
This genus bears a close general resemblance to the gerontogeic
genus Oxya, but differs strikingly from it in the separated metasterual
lobes of the female, the blunt tips of the inferior genicular lobes of the
hind femora, the smooth edges of the hind tibiae and the absence of
the terminal spine of the outer series of the same. It is very narrowly
separable from Melanoplus, and I do not see how it could be distin-
guished from it if we include in it, as Stal did, his Pezotettix plebejm
and rusticus. The combination of such peculiarities as the long-
antennae and strongly transverse subgenital plate of the male with
the long and parallel- sided prouotum of both sexes serves to distin-
guish it from Melanoplus, as here limited; while the strongly banded
sides of the body and the long and clepsydral cerci of the male in all
the species mark it as a peculiar type even if these markings and form
of genitalia do occur in certain species of the diversified genus
Melanoplus.
Three species are known and appear to be confined almost entirely to
our Atlantic and Gulf borders, though some of the species occur as far
inland as Indiana, Ohio, and Michigan. It is unknown west of the
Mississippi, except in Louisiana and Texas (though Professor Bruner
suspects its presence in Nebraska). They inhabit moist places.
The type is P. floriclana.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PAROXYA.
A 1 . Antennae and cerci of male relatively short; fnrcnla of male consisting of a
pair of triangular plates; teguiina at least as long as body 1. atlantica (p. 382).
A-. Antennae and cerci of male relatively long; furcula of male consisting of a pair
of subequal ringers; tegmina variable.
ft 1 . Furcula coarse, heavy, and depressed, generally straight; supraanal plate
short triangular; tegmiua much shorter than body 2. hoosicri (p. 382).
6*. Furcula relatively slender, cylindrical, often divergent; supraanal plate long
triangular ; tegmina normally as long as body but very variable . 3. floridana(p. 383).
382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. xx.
i. PAROXYA ATLANTICA.
(Plate XXV, fig. 8.)
Paroxya atlantica SCUDDER! (pars), Proc. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), pp.
29,88; (pars), Ent. Notes, VI (1878), pp. 7,29; (pars), Cent. Ortk. (1879),
pp. 46-47.
Dark wood-brown above, luteo-testaceous below, with a broad black
stripe on the sides of the head behind the eye and the upper half of the
lateral lobes of the pronotuin, sometimes not affecting the metazona;
antennae ferruginous, uniform or sometimes slightly infuscatecl apically,
in the male slightly less than half as long as the body. Tegrniua uni-
form brownish fuscous, just about as long as the body in both sexes.
Hind femora luteo-testaceous, the upper inner surface with fuscous
median and postmedian bars, the geniculations black, the hind tibiae
pale glaucous, with ten to thirteen (usually as many as twelve) spines
in the outer row. Supraanal plate of male very short triangular, with
a short basal median sulcus with low walls; furcula consisting of a
pair of flattened short triangular plates, whose adjacent inner walls
are slightly elevated, but which diverge apically; cerci much shorter
than in the other species, not extending beyond the tip of the supra-
anal plate, compressed laminate, strongly incurved, tapering rapidly
at base, then subequal for a short space, ending in a spatulate tip
nearly as broad as the base, well rounded apically.
Length of body, male, 23 mm., female, 29 mm.; antennae, male and
female, 11 mm. ; tegmiua, male, 17 mm., female, 18 mm. ; hind femora,
male, 13 mm., female, 15.5 mm.
Nine males, 4 females. Georgia, H. K. Morrison (U.S.N.M. Eiley
collection; S. H. Scudder); Fort Eeed, Orange County, Florida, April
7, 21, 23, J. H. Coinstock; Sandford, Orange County, Florida, G. B.
Frazer.
2. PAROXYA HOOSIERI.
(Plate XXV, fig. 9.)
Pezotettix hoosieri BLATCHLEY!, Can. Ent., XXIV (1892), pp. 31-33.
Paroxya atlantica BLATCHLEY!, Can. Ent., XXV (1893), p. 90; Proc. Ind. Acad.
Sc., 1892 (1894), p. 118; Can. Ent,, XXVI (1894), p. 244.
Dark wood brown with an olivaceous tinge above, varying from fla
vous to clay yellow beneath, with a broad piceous stripe on the sides,
occupying the upper half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, in the
female often fading out on the posterior part of the metazona. Face of
the color of the under surface, but generally more or less obscured with
fuscous or fuliginous; antennae uniform ferrugineo-testaceous, in the
male much more than half as long as the body. Tegmiua uniform
olivaceous brown, less than twice as long as the pronotum. Legs bright
olive green, the hind femora more or less embrowned, especially above,
the geniculatiou black; hind tibiae pale glaucous, more or less luteous
NO. 1124. HKVISIOX OF THE ^IKI.AXnPLI SCUDDER. 383
basally with a narrow post-basal black aimulus in the luteotis portion,
the spines black excepting at extreme base, ten to eleven in number in
the outer series. Supraanal plate of male short triangular, inesially tec-
tate, with a very slender, deep, percurrent sulcus broadening consider-
ably at the apex; furcula consisting of a pair of adjacent, parallel,
pretty long and coarse, strongly depressed, somewhat tapering, blunt
apophyses; cerci compressed laminate, strongly incurved throughout,
tapering to as much as half the basal width in the proximal half and
then immediately and as regularly widening to nearly the basal width
in the distal half, subtruncate apically.
Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 29 mm.; antennae, male, 12
mm., female, 12.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 9.25 mm., female, 10.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 12 mm., female, 16 mm.
Ten males, 8 females. Yigo County, Indiana (W. S. Blatchley; A. P.
Morse) ; Oberlin, Lorain County, Ohio, September 21, coll. L. Jones, W.
S. Blatchley. Mr. Blatchley has also taken it in a tamarack swamp in
Fulton County, Indiana, and says it is found abundantly from August
to October. It was found around the margins of a pond in Vigo County
and in Ohio in a swamp in woods.
Mr. Lynds Jones writes me that it is "found in abundance in the
rank vegetation which sprang up in a dry swamp surrounded by woods"
in the vicinity of Oberlin, Ohio.
Mr. Blatchley 1 describes the colors of the living insect.
3. PAROXYA FLORIDANA.
(Plate XXV, fig. 10.)
Caloptenus floridianus THOMAS !, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., I, No. 2 (1874), p. 68.
Caloptenus floridanus GLOVER, 111. N.A. Ent., Orth.(1874), pi. xvn, fig. 3. THOMAS,
Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., I (1878), p. 42. BRUNER, ibid., Ill (1883), p. 60.
Paroxya allantica SCUDDER! (pars) r Proc. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), pp.
29, 88; (pars), Ent. Notes, VI (1878), pp.7, 29; (pars), Cent. Orth. (1879),
p. 46. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comni., Ill (1883), p. 61. FERXALD. Orth.
N.E. (1888), p. 34; Ann. Rep. Mass. Agric. Coll., XXV (1888), p. 118. DAVIS,
Ent. Amer., V (1889), p. 81. SMITH, Cat. Ins. X. J. (1890), p. 412; Bull. X. J.
Exp. St., K (1890), p. 41; ibid., XC (1892), pp. 4, 31, fig. 4g, pli i, 2 figs.
BRUNER, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sc., Ill (1893), p. 27. MORSE, Psyche, VI (1893),
pp. 401-402; ibid., VII (1894), p. 105. GARMAN, Orth. Ky. (1894), pp. 3,8.
BEUTENM^LLER, Bull. Anier. Mus. Xat. Hist., VI (1894), p. 305, pi. vni, tin. 5.
Paroxya recta SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), pp. 30, 88; But.
Notes, VI (1878), pp. 8, 29; Cent. Orth. (1879), p. 47. BRUNER, Rep. U. S.
Ent. Comm., Ill (1883), p. 61. SMITH, Cat. Ins. N. J. (1890), p. 412; Bull. N. J.
Exp. St., K (1890), p. 41 ; ibid., XC (1892), pp. 4, 31, fig. 4h.
Pezotcttix atlanticus STAL, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 12.
Pezotettix rectm STAL, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), p. 12.
Paroxya floridana SMITH, Cat. Ins. N. J. (1890), p, 412. BEUTENMULLER, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., VI (1894), p. 305.
Olivaceous, excepting top of head, thorax, and tegmiua, which vary
from light to dark brown. Bead olivaceous yellow on face and sides,
i Can. Ent., XXIV, p. 32.
384 PEOCEEDIXGS OF THE XATIOXAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
in the female more or less infuscated ; above the antennae brownish
fuscous, more or less tinged with castaneous; behind the eyes a broad,
straight, horizontal, black band, edged more or less distinctly, both
above and below, with yellowish 5 antennae varying in length, being
relatively longer in southern than in northern examples, but generally
about two-thirds as long as the body in the male, yellow at base,
beyond testaceous, deepening into fuscous toward the tip, the apices
of the joints normally pallid. Upper surface of the pronotum of the
color of the top of the head, the upper half of the deflected lobes with
a very broad black band in continuation of that on the head, anteriorly
edged more or less distinctly, both above and below, with yellowish
and generally fading out before, or abruptly terminating at, the meta-
zona (in the earlier stages it continues uninterruptedly across the pro-
notum, and this persistence is occasionally shown in the adult, or is
indicated on the metazona by a brown band sometimes percurrent and
usually reduced in width); pleura with a horizontal stigmatal stripe
running backward from the hinder edge of the mesothoracic episterua
(sometimes confined to the mesothoracic epimera), and an oblique stripe
nearly following the division line between the metathoracic episterua
and epimera; when the lower stripe is complete it renders the meta-
thoracic episterna conspicuous, especially in the male, on account of
the cuneiform oblique yellow dash which lies between these two black
stripes. Hind margin of pronotum less distinctly angulate that is,
more uniformly rounded than in the other species, though the differ-
ence is but slight and sometimes disappears. Tegmina nearly uniform
brownish fuscous, often with a faint line of small fleckings down the
middle in the female. Legs of the color of the body, the middle and
hind femora generally more or less infuscated on their outer face, the
upper half of the geuicular lobes of the latter black ; hind tibiae glaucous
with black or blackish spines. Supraanal plate of male long triangular
with a broad mesial rounded ridge extending two- thirds its length, on
the summit of which, in the basal half of the plate, is a very narrow
deep sulcus which, after interruption, is repeated again in the apical
fourth; furcula consisting of a pair of moderately long, moderately
slender, cylindrical, slightly tapering, blunt, adjacent fingers (shorter
thtin usual in the specimen figured and drawn too stout), often diver-
gent; cerci lamellate, very long, strongly incurved, gradually narrow-
ing and then as gradually enlarging, so as to make the spatulate tip
nearly as broad as the base, the apical margin rounded and subeinar-
ginate.
The tegmina are ordinarily of about the length of the body, but, in
the South particularly, it often occurs with tegmina only reaching a
little beyond the middle of the abdomen. I have seen one such from
Massachusetts; and in a pair from Fort Worth, Texas, in the National
Museum the tegmina are scarcely longer than the pronotum and sub-
acuminate at tip. This form may receive the racial name texana.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 385
Length of body (in larger specimens), male, 29 mm., female, 41 mm.;
antennae, male, 19 mm., female, 15.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 18 mm.,
female, 25.25 mm.; hind femora, male, 15.5 mm., female, 21 mm. The
average length of New England specimens is: Male, 21 mm.; fe-
male, 31.
One hundred and thirteen males, 87 females. Michigan, M. Miles;
Cambridge, Massachusetts, Boll (Museum Comparative Zoology);
Fanueil Station, Boston, Massachusetts, July 22, 26, August 11 (A. P.
Morse); Newton ville, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, August 11
(A. P. Morse) ; Niantic, New London County, Connecticut, August 8
(A. P. Morse); New Haven, Connecticut, S. I. Smith; North Haven,
New Haven County, Connecticut, August 23 (A. P. Morse); Deep
Eiver, Middlesex County, Connecticut, August 24 (A. P. Morse);
Stamford, F airfield County, Connecticut, August 13-17, 24 (A. P.
Morse); Staten Island, New York, July 25; Newark, Essex County,
New Jersey, September 13, C. G. Eockwood (U.S.N.M. Eiley col-
lection); Middle States, Baron Osten Sacken; Washington, D. C., July
27, August 23, 28, September 6 ( U.S.N.M. Riley collection); Vir-
ginia, September 10, October 19 (same); Diego Bluff, North Carolina,
November 5, C. J. Maynard; Charleston, South Carolina, August;
Georgia, A. Oemler, H. K. Morrison; Florida (U.S.N.M. Eiley col-
lection); Enterprise, Volusia County, Florida, May 15, E. A. Schwarz;
Fort Eeed, Orange County, Florida, May 1, J. H. Comstock; Baton
Eouge, Louisiana, September 7 (A. P. Morse) ; New Orleans, Louisiana,
June 20, Shufeldt (U.S.N.M. Eiley collection); Dallas, Texas (same);
Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas, May (same). Bruner reports it
doubtfully from Nebraska.
Professor J. B. Smith found this insect injurious to cranberries in
New Jersey.
Mr. A. P. Morse describes l a melanistic form. He found most of his
New England specimens on Spartina and other grasses and sedges.
It is found most abundant in wet localities.
26. POECILOTETTIX, new genus.
(IIoiKiXoc, mottled; rs'rrzc, grasshopper.)
Head and body with the general aspect of Melunoplus. Head nearly
vertical, especially in the female, the eyes moderately large, moderately
prominent in the male, broad oval, not more than half as long again as
broad; antennae very little longer in both sexes than head and pro-
notum together. Pronotuin enlarging very slightly posteriorly, the
suture between prozona and metazona deeply impressed, with rounded
walls; the prozona scarcely or but little longer than the metazona,
coarsely and distantly punctate, the transverse sutures distinct and
rather heavy, transversely broadly convex with no lateral carinae; the
' Psyche, VI, pp. 401-402.
Proc. N. M. vol. xx 25
386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
metazona finely and closely punctate, slightly tumid in the female,
the angle of the lateral carinae well rounded, the posterior border
broadly angulato-convex, margined ; median carina obsolete or sub-
obsolete throughout. Prosternal spine slender, straight, acuminate;
meso- and metastethia together longer than broad; interval between
mesothoracic lobes distinctly, generally very much, longer than broad,
generally broader in the female than in the male, the metasternal lobes
subattingent or approximate, the portion of the metasternum behind
the lobes small, hardly more than twice as broad as long. Tegmiua
fully developed in all known species, remarkably uniform in width,
with the costa very slightly expanded near the base, and a strongly
and uniformly rounded apex. Hind femora moderately slender, with
immaculate inferior genicular lobes, the tibiae with eight to nine exter-
nal spines. Cerci of male extremely slender beyond the tapering lami-
nate base, thefurcula subobsolete; the lateral margins of the subgenital
plate ampliate at base and the apex provided with a distinct tubercle;
the pallium often has a pyramidal erection.
P. picticornis (Thomas) may be regarded as the type.
As far as known, this genus occurs only on the Pacific coast, near
our southern borders. It is remarkable for the tuberculate abdomen,
resembling Helper otettix, but apical instead of subapical, and for the
sometimes vivid and always exceptionally variegated colorings of its
different species.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PGECILOTETTIX.
A 1 . Antennae annulate and pronotum and femora distinctly and distantly punctate
with blackish fuscous ; antennae hardly attenuate apically ; eyes of female anteriorly
truncate; apical tubercle of male abdomen raised above the level of the sides of the
subgenital plate 1. picticornis (p. 386).
A 2 . Antennae coucolorous, distinctly attenuate apically: eyes of female anteriorly
subtruncate ; pronotum and femora variegated with red and brown ; apical tubercle
of male abdomen not elevated above the sides of the subgenital plate.
fe 1 . Relatively stout-bodied, with stout femora; apex of male abdomen with a bifid
tubercle 2. sanguineus (p. 387).
ft 2 . Relatively slender-bodied, with slender femora; apex of male abdomen with a
simple conical tubercle 3. coccinatus (p. 389).
i. POECILOTETTIX PICTICORNIS.
(Plate XXVI, fig. 1.)
Caloptenus (Hesperotettix) picticornis THOMAS !, Proc. Dav. Acad. So., II (1877),
p. 125, pi. iv, figs. 1, 2.
Ground color very uniform luteo-testaceous, the pronotum and femora
slightly darker than the tegmina and feebly lustrous. Head distantly
and coarsely punctate with blackish brown along the carinae of
the face, the front and inferior margins of the genae and across the
labrum; prouotum similarly punctate, except upon the dorsum of the
metazona (though the puncta follow the posterior margin), the puncta
transversely disposed and in the center of the lateral lobes more or less
NO 1124. RErrsrox OF THE MELANOPLiscrnnEit. 387
suffused and confluent, forming infumate spots; and similar puncta
upon the thoracic pleura, all the femora, and the fore and middle tibiae;
antennae coarse, bluntly terminated, annulate with blackish brown,
which oddly occurs at the apex of one and the base of the succeeding
joint, the incisures excepted; frontal costa slightly narrower than the
interspace between the eyes, uniform in width, deeply sulcate; eyes of
female anteriorly truncate, not more than half as long again as the
anterior infraocular portion of the genae. Pronotum most sparsely
pilose, the metazona with exceedingly delicate punctuation and with a
very feeble median cariua, continued on the prozoua as an impressed
line only ; hind margin obtusangulate, the angle rather broadly rounded.
Tegmina subhyaline on the apical half or more, both veins and cross-
veins very pale testaceous ; wings hyaline, nearly as long as the teg-
niina, of ample breadth, with pallid veins and cross veins. Hind tibiae
and tarsi luteous, the spines black tipped, varying from eight to nine
on the outer margin in both sexes. Supraanal plate of male triangular,
rather elongate, with rounded acute apex, the surface with two high
and sharp, subparallel, convergent and then divergent, longitudinal
ridges, fading apically, including between them a rather narrow and
very deep median sulcus extending the whole length of the plate, but
shallow apically; furcula consisting of two distinct, not large, adjacent,
rounded lobes, projecting by half their length; cerci moderately broad
and slightly inflated at the base, at once narrowing, wholly on the
upper side, beyond straight, compressed, equal, scarcely incurved,
about one- third the width of the base, the tip rotmdly pointed, reach-
ing as far as the tip of the supraaual plate; infracercal plates concealed
when the cerci are recumbent; lateral margins of the subgenital plate
sinuous, the apical tubercle a little elevated, broad, subtruncate, and
subbitid as viewed posteriorly, pilose.
Length of body, male, 19 mm., female, 28 mm.; antennae, male, 10
mm., female, 11.5 mm.; tegmina, male, 19.75 mm., female, 23.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 12.75 mm., female, 15 mm.
Two males, 2 females. Arizona, Dunn (L. Bruner; U.S.N.M. Kiley
collection). It was originally described by Thomas from Arizona. Pro-
fessor L. Bruuer writes me that he has received the same species from
Tepic, Jalisco, Mexico.
This insect may be instantly distinguished from every other in the
entire group of Melanopli by its peculiar blackish punctuation and the
annulate antennae. I had an opportunity of studying the type many
years ago, and part of the above description is taken from notes made
at the time.
2. POECILOTETTIX SANGUINEUS, new species.
(Plate XX VI, fig. 2.)
Dactylotum longipennis BRUNER, MS., fide TOWXSEND, Ins. Life, VI (1893), p. 30
undescribed.
Head bright yellow luteous, broadly clouded above and below and
especially below with plumbeo-fuscous and somewhat irregularly enliv-
388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
enecl with crimson at various points, especially along- the cariuae, upon
either side of the labrum, along the clypeal suture and the margins of
the genae, besides a mediodorsal stripe on the vertex, and sometimes an
oblique genal streak, and touches behind the eyes; eyes of female sub-
truncate anteriorly, the lower portion of their front with a distinct pos-
terior curve; antennae rather slender, apical ly acuminate, dark fusco-
plumbeous. Pronotum most sparsely pilose, light olivaceo-fuscous r
the sulci marked with blackish fuscous, a mediodorsal crimson stripe,
and crimson margining the lateral lobes of the metazonn, broadly
behind, narrowly beneath, besides touches in the center of an olivaceous
patch in the upper part of the lateral lobes of the prozona and along
the front margin of the same; metazona with crowded fine punctuation
and a slight median carina, the hind margin obtusangulate, the angle
rounded. Tegmina far surpassing the abdomen, rather slender, hyaline
on much more than the distal half, the veins pea-green ; wings nearly as
long as the tegmiua, with ample breadth, hyaline, the veins pale glau-
cous. Fore and middle femora yellow luteous, longitudinally and nar-
rowly striped with fuscous ; hind femora yellow luteous, the outer face
and especially its lower half, excepting a pregenicular band, plumbeo-
fuscous, the upper face crossed by four plumbeo-fuscous bands a basal
more or less obsolete, an apical covering the geuiculation, and two
between; hind tibiae and tarsi glaucous, the spines pallid glaucous with
black tips, eight in number in both sexes. Abdomen olivaceo fuscous,
above, bright yellow beneath, the lower margins of the dorsal plates
and the dorsal carina marked with carmine; supraanal plate of male
triangular with bluntly pointed apex, the surface with two rather dis-
tant, parallel, longitudinal, somewhat elevated but not very sharp
ridges, extending over the basal two thirds of the plate, inclosing^
between them a rather broad, subequal, moderately deep sulcus which
does not continue to the apex ; furcula consisting of two closely approxi-
mated, rounded, little projecting lobes lying over the sulcus; cerci
moderately broad and laminate at base, rapidly tapering on basal half,
largely by the excision of the upper margin, the apical half or more sub-
cylindrical, very slender, equal, terminating bluntly, gently incurved;
infracercal plates concealed by the recumbent cerci; lateral margins of
the subgenital plate straight beyond the ampliate bases, the apical
tubercle not elevated above its level, rather slight, bifid.
Length of body, male, 21 mm., female, 2G mm.; antennae, male, 8.75
mm., female, 9 mm.; tegmina, male, 18.25 mm., female, 24.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 13.5 mm.
One male, 1 female. Bradshaw Mountain, Arizona, June 21, A. B,
Cordley (L. Bruner).
The bright coloring of this species recalls that of Dactylotum. Pro-
fessor Bruner informs me that this was the species referred to by
Townsend in Insect Life (VI, p. 30) as found at Hance's in the Grand
Canon of the Colorado, 3,000 to 5,000 feet below the rim. As all the
no. 1124. KEVISWX 01- T11K MELAynPLISCUDDER. 3<S9
species of the present genus have similarly long wings, I have not
retained the manuscript name of Brunei*, given by him to distinguish
it from the species of Dactylotum which have short wings.
3. POECILOTETTIX COCCINATUS, new species.
(Plate XXVI, fig. 3.)
Head brighter or duller yellow, more or less infumated, especially on
the lower half, but enlivened with crimson more or less distinctly (but
not so conspicuously) as in P. sanguineus and at somewhat similar
points, but especially on the fastigium, tlje sides of the labrum, the
clypeal suture, and the lateral carinae of the face, besides the medio-
dorsal stripe of the vertex; eyes of female as in P. sanguineus; antennae
apically acuminate, greenish plumbeous, the basal joints pale. Prono-
tuin most sparingly pilose, olivaceo-fuscous with shades varying from
olivaceous to fuscous, the latter more pronounced on the front part of
the metazona and the dorsum of the prozona, except an olivaceous,
continuous, mediodorsal stripe, more or less conspicuously marked with
a crimson thread; crimson also margins the lateral lobes of the meta-
zona and appears more or less distinctly on the upper half of the lateral
lobes of the prozona; the transverse sulci of the disk are only slightly
darker than the ground; metazona with crowded fine punctuation and
a slight median carina, the hind margin strongly convex, hardly angu-
late. Tegmina slender, far surpassing the abdomen, hyaline on more
than the apical half, the veins yellow; wings nearly as long as the teg-
mina, greenish hyaline, the veins of the upper half fuscous or greenish
fuscous, of the lower half and most of the cross veins glaucous. Fore
and middle femora luteous, clouded with fuscous; hind femora luteous,
the outer face infuscated and the upper area alternately pale fuscous
and luteous or carmine; hind tibiae and tarsi glaucous, the spines glau-
cous or pallid with black tips, seven to eight on the outer row in the
female, eight in the male. Abdomen light fuscous with dull luteous
areas, but no enlivennient with brighter colors; supraanal plate of
male triangular, elongate, the apex acute; surface with two parallel,
not distant, sharply elevated ridges which extend, diminishing pos-
teriorly, nearly or quite the length of the plate, including between them
a rather narrow and deep narrowing sulcus; furcula consisting of only
a slight thickening of the posterior edge of the last dorsal segment
above the two ridges of the supraanal plate; cerci not very broad at
extreme base, rapidly and regularly tapering in the basal third, the
remainder very slender, equal or barely expanded at the blunt
extremity; lateral margins of the subgenital plate straight on the
apical half, the apical tubercle not rising above their level but having
the same direction, conical, simple.
Length of body, male, 20 mm., female, 30 mm.; antennae, male, 7.5
mm., female, 8 mm.; tegmina, male, 19 mm., female, 24.5 mm.; hind
femora, male, 10 mm., female, 14 mm.
390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MrSEUM. VOL.XX.
One male, 3 females. Los Angeles, California, Coquillett (U.S.K.M.
Biley collection).
This species closely resembles the preceding, but is rather slenderer,
especially the male, with less pronounced crimson markings, besides
the differences noted in the table.
27. OEDALEONOTUS, new genus.
(OtdaXeoS, swollen; r&jroS, back.)
Body stout, heavy and clumsy. Head large and full, the vertex well
arched, raised considerably above the level of the prothorax, the fas-
tigium broad, broadly and shallowly sulcate and considerably declivent,
the eyes separated rather widely; face nearly vertical: frontal eosta-
very broad, subequal, nearly plane, percurrent but sometimes obscure
basally; eyes rather large, not very prominent, broadly ovate, with a
slight production above anteriorly; antennae not slender, uniform,,
slightly longer (male) or slightly shorter (female) than head and pronotum
together. Pronotum short and stout, enlarging posteriorly only by the
slight flare of the metazoua, with vertical though slightly tumid lateral
lobes, more or less flaring on the metazona below, separated from the
dorsum by more or less pronounced, coarse, rounded rugae, generally
interrupted on the posterior portion of the prozona, the median carina
interrupted between the sulci; disk of prozona distinctly tutnid, but
little longer than the metazona, from which it is separated by a very
deep sulcus, its own posterior transverse sulci deeply impressed,,
approximate, and subparallel, the anterior submarginal sulcus also very
distinct, the margin being elevated to receive the head ; metazona plane,
punctato-rugulose, very obtusely augulate behind, the border inargi-
nate. Prosternal spine short, conical, blunt; ineso- and metastethia
together distinctly longer than broad in both sexes, the mesosternal
lobes a little longer than broad in both sexes, the metasternal lobes
subattingent in the male, slightly distant in the female, the space
behind the latter laterally elongate, extending forward to the coxae.
Tegmina fully developed or abbreviate, rarely shorter than the prono-
tum and then but slightly. Hind femora stout, heavy, and tumid, the
inferior genicular lobe pallid, immaculate. Abdomen of female with
abbreviated terminal segments (recalling Bradynotes) and partially
exserted ovipositor; of male not enlarged at the extremity and scarcely
elevated, terminating roundly and bluntly, the last ventral segment (in
advance of the subgenital plate) scarcely longer than the penultimate j
subgeiiital plate of male very brief and subequal, its lateral margins
distinctly ampliate at the base and entire apically, with no tubercle;
cerci tumid and enlarged at base, suddenly contracted, and terminating
in a slender posterior process.
This genus is quickly separated from those in its immediate vicinity
by the tumidity of the prozona, and the clumsy form, which give it a
very distinct appearance.
NO.H24. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDEE. 391
I know of but a single species, which inhabits the Pacific coast from
Canada to Mexico, and which assumes three forms according to the
length of the organs of flight, that with the organs fully developed
being thus far known only from southern California, from the head of
the San Joaquiu Valley to San Diego. It is distinguished from the
others not only by the development of these organs, but by a slightly
slenderer body, the grossness of the others seeming to be correlated
with their incapacity of flight.
OEDALEONOTUS ENIGMA.
(Plate XX VI, figs. 4-6.)
Melanoplus coUaris SCUDDER!, Can. Ent., XII (1880), p. 75.
3Ie,lano2)lns flai'oannitlatus BRUNKR, Ins. Life, III (1890), p. 140.
Pezotettix enigma BRUNER, Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric., XXVIII (1893),
pp. 33-34, fig. 17.
OEDALEONOTUS ENIGMA COLLAEIS.
(Plate XXVI, fig. 6.)
Melanoplns collaris SCUDDER!, Proc. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1878), p. 286;
Eiit. Notes, VI (1878), p. 45. BRUNER, Eep. U. S. Ent. Coram., Ill (1883), p. 60.
Caloptenus Jiavolineatus BRUNER (nee THOMAS), Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agric.,
XXVIII (1893), p. 33.
OEDALEONOTUS ENIGMA ENIGMA.
(Plate XXVI, fig. 5.)
Pezotettix enigma SCUDDER!, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876 (1876), p. 505; Ann. Rep.
Geol. Surv. 100th Mer., 1876 (1876), p. 285; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX
(18?8), p. 287 ; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 46. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm.,
Ill (1883), p. 59; Can. Ent v XVII (1885), p. 15; Bull. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep.
Agric., XXVII (1892), p. 29.
OEDALEONOTUS ENIGMA JUCUNDUS.
(Plate XXVI, fig. 4.)
Pezotettix jucundus SCUDDER!, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng., 1876 (1876), p. 505; Ann.
Rep. Geol. Surv. 100th Mer., 1876 (1876), p. 285. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent.
Comm., 111(1883), p. 59.
Body yellowish testaceous marked with brownish fuscous. Head
above, behind the narrowest part of the vertex, marked with an
elongated, expanding, blackish fuscous stripe, through the middle of
which runs a yellow line, and by a supraorbital arcuate band of a simi-
lar color, usually broken, often obsolete, and terminating just below
a narrow short yellow stripe behind the upper part of the eye; space
between the eyes rather narrower than the frontal costa, the fastigium
broadening considerably in front of the eyes and broadly sulcate
throughout ; frontal costa broad and nearly equal, broadest just above
the ocellus, rather sparsely punctate, and at the ocellus very shallowly
sulcate, often nearly imperceptible. Pronotum short and rather stout,
392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
the anterior and posterior halves of the lateral lobes nearly symmetri-
cal ; disk obscured with fuscous or dark brown, with equal sides ; the
median carina, which is marked with dark brown and is distinct
though slight on the inetazona, is obsolete on the prozona, represented
only by the dark line, sometimes faintly impressed ; lateral carinae very
obscure, converging anteriorly, and distinguished by a narrow, dull
yellow stripe, the rest of the disk and the upper part of the lateral lobes
being obscurely marked with dusky brown, which on the lateral lobes is
darkest in the sulci; a distinct longitudinal sulcus, more distinct for its
deeper color, unites thetwopercurrent sulci of the lateral lobes in the mid-
dle ; anterior margin of the prozona marked by a submarginal continuous
sulcus, distinct only on the lateral lobes 5 posterior border of the meta-
zona very broadly rounded or subaugulate. Prosternal spine straight,
rather slender, subconical, bluntly pointed. Teginina subovate, slightly
longer than the pronotum in the form jucundus, fully half as long as the
abdomen in the form enigma, fully as long as and generally much longer
than the abdomen in the form collaris, brownish fuscous, the longitudi-
nal veins mostly yellowish, and flecked, principally along the median
area but also without it, with longitudinal series of subquadrate, black-
ish fuscou* spots, the apex subacuminate when abbreviate, well rounded
when fully developed ; wings pellucid with fuscous veins. Pleura with
an oblique, bright yellow stripe, edged with black above the hind coxae.
Hind femora luteous, the outer and in part the upper face marked by
a large, apical, yellowish-brown spot, a very broad, an gulate, transverse
median band of the same color, and a similar basal band, sometimes
obsolete or obsolescent, on tne lower half; outer arc of upper genicular
lobes black; tibiae glaucous, yellow on the sides and at extreme base,
the apical half of the spines black; arolium either quadrate, rather
narrow, longer than the claws (male) or obpyriform, small, but little
more than half as long as the claws (female). Abdomen yellow, the
sides chafed by the femora dark fuscous ; supraanal plate of male rather
short triangular, the sides feebly sinuate, the apex acute, the surface
marked by a pair of deep and broad converging sulci, lying between
the lateral margins and the thereto parallel, elevated and rather sharp
ridges, which inclose a deep, triangular, basal sulcus; a slender deli-
cate median sulcus on apical half; cerci very broadly expanded and
bullate at the base, tapering rapidly and regularly just beyond the
middle, beyond less rapidly, forming a delicate, slender, but bluntly
pointed tip, slightly hooked downward and feebly incurved.
Length of body, male, 25 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male and
female, 8.5 mm. ; teginina, male, 21.5 mm., female, 23 mm. ; hind femora,
male, 14 mm., female, 16 mm. These measurements are taken from the
form collar is.
Seventy one males, 78 females. Boise City, Ada County, Idaho (U.S.
N.M.); Washington, Morrison (U.S.N.M. ; S. Henshaw) La Chappies,
Yakima County, Washington, July 1C (Museum Comparative Zoology);
NO. 1124. EE VISION OF THE MELA NOPL ISC UDDER. 3 < ) 3
Lone Tree, Yakima River, Washington, July 18 (same) ; Spokane, Wash-
ington, July 21-22 (same); Loon Lake, Oolville Valley, Washington,
July 25 (same); Umatilla, Oregon, June 24, 27 (same); The Dalles,
Wasco County, Oregon, H. Edwards; The Dalles, Oregon, June 23,
Henshaw (Museum Comparative Zoology); California, Burrison (S.
Henshaw): Fort Reading, Shasta Valley, California, Lieutenant Wil-
liamson; Walker Basin, Siskiyou County, California, July 15, A. K.
Fisher (U.S.N.M.); Tehama County, California, Coquillett (same);
Agua Oaliente, Sonoma County, California, E. Palmer; Sacramento
County, California, Coquillett (U.S.N.M.); Atwater, Merced County,
California, July 29, Coquillett (same) ; Tipton, Tulare County, California
Orotch (Museum Comparative Zoology; S. H. Scudder); Santa Bar-
bara, California, July 1, H. W Henshaw, C. J. Shoemaker; San Buena-
ventura, Santa Barbara County, California, August 18 (U.S.N.M.);
Mohave River, California, O. Loew; Los Angeles, California, July, C. J.
Shoemaker; Los Angeles County, California, May, June, and in coitu
September, Coquillett (U.S.N.M.) ; Los Angeles, California (L. Bruner) ;
San Bernardino County, California, May, in coitu (U.S.N.M.); San Diego
County, California (E. Palmer; U.S.K.M.); Tighes Station, San Diego
County, California, E. Palmer.
Bruner reports the species also from Nevada and Arizona.
Palmer found this species on grassy slopes, beside brooks.
The form enigma appears to be the only one found in the northern
part of the range of the species north of central Caliibrnia, and the
form collaris is rarely met with anywhere.
The different forms have not been taken in coitu with each other, so
far as I know. The form jucundus besides having very short tegmina,
is noticeably smaller than the others.
I can scarcely think the form collaris to be the insect described by
Thomas as Caleoptenus [sic] flavolineatus, 1 as Bruner has supposed.
Thomas's description very poorly fits it; he makes no mention of the
tumid prozona, and he states, both here and subsequently, 2 that it
closely resembles Melanophis spretus, and that the posterior margin of
the subgenital plate of the male is notched, whereas its general appear-
ance is very different indeed from M. spretus; so much so that it can
hardly be believed that anyone would select it for comparison ; nor has
the apical margin of the subgenital plate the faintest sign of any
emargiuation. Thomas's specimen was derived from Crotch's collection
in the Museum of Comparative Zoology; Crotch collected Oedaleonotus
enigma collaris in central, not southern, California, whereas Thomas
gave his C. Jtavolineatus from southern California. Thomas's description
does not at all fit any species from southern California which has come
under my notice, and until such a form occurs his name should go for
nothing at least until the Acridian fauna of that region is fairly well
known.
1 Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., I, No. 2, p. 68.
* Rep. U. S. Ent. Coram., I, p. 43.
394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
28. ASEMOPLUS, new genus.
$, without device; O7t/\.a, armor.)
Body resembling Conalcaea iu general appearance, rather slender,
compressed cylindrical, feebly and sparsely pilose. Head moderately
large, not prominent, with feebly tumescent genae, the vertex well
arched, raised but little above the general level of the pronotum, the
fastigium rapidly descending, the face rounded and a little retreating ;
eyes separated widely, the fastigium depressed only between them and
very feebly, passing insensibly into the broad and equal frontal costa,
which is yet narrower than the interspace between the eyes, rounded,
fading below the ocellus; eyes large, moderately prominent, very broad
oval, the front border subtruncate, half as long again as the anterior
infraocular portion of the geuae ; antennae very slender, longer than the
head and pronotum together. Pronotum short, subequal, the metazona
flaring somewhat, transversely convex, the disk passing insensibly into
the subvertical lateral lobes, with no sign of lateral carinae, the median
carina slight and occurring only on the metazona; fore and hind mar-
gins both truncate, the latter feebly and broadly emarginate; prozona
coarsely and sparsely punctate, transverse, almost twice as long as the
finely and densely punctate metazona, the transverse sulci of the former
distinct, the postmedian more or less sinuate. Prosternal spine erect,
stout, subconical; meso- and metastethia together distinctly (male)
or slightly (female) longer than broad, the interval between the meso-
sternal lobes quadrate (male) or transverse and as broad as the lobes
(female); metasternal lobes rather (male) or distinctly (female) distant,
but in neither case more distant than the width of the frontal costa, the
portion of the thorax behind the metasternal lobes only a little more
than half as broad as the inetasternuin, but more than twice as broad
as long. Teginiua linear, lateral, shorter than the pronotum. Hind
femora not very long, but slender, the inferior geuicular lobe pallid and
immaculate, the hind tibiae with ten to twelve spines in the outer
series. Abdomen of male feebly clavate apically and somewhat up-
turned, the lateral margins of the subgenital plate strongly ampliate
at base, apically produced and acutangulate, but with no tubercle;
cerci substyliform ; abdomen of female tapering regularly to a pointed
tip, the ovipositor normally exserted.
This genus is represented by a single species, found only in the
extreme northwestern United States.
ASEMOPLUS MONTANUS.
(Plate XXVI, fig. 7.)
Bradynotes montanus BRUNER!, Can. Ent., XVII (1885), pp. 16-17.
Body very dark i eddish brown, marked with black and testaceous,
beneath luteous. Head olivaceo-luteous, infumated, above and on the
NO. 1 124. EE VISION OF THE MELA NOPL ISC TD DER. 395
posterior parts of the genae above the lower level of the eyes dark
reddish brown, with a mediodorsal thread of testaceous, and another
behind the middle of the upper half of the eyes; whole face and espe-
cially frontal costa punctate ; antennae ferruginous, apically infuscated
Prouotuin with the metazona ferrugiueo-testaceous, the prozona very
dark reddish brown, the upper two-thirds of the lateral lobes piceous
or plumbeo-piceous, sometimes merely dull piceous, with black sulci,
the lower portion of the lobes including the metazona luteous, fadiug
upward gradually on the metazona. Mesonotum, metanotum, and
abdomen dark reddish brown, with a sometimes obsolete, slender, flavo-
testaceous or ferrugineo-testaceous dorsal stripe edged with black,
which in some cases reappears on the prozona of the pronotum. Teg-
miua about as long as the prozona, 1 subequal, three or four times as
long as broad and well rounded at tip, fusco-testaceous, lighter along
the inner (upper) margin. Legs luteous, more or less heavily tinged
with ferruginous along the upper surface, the hind femora more than
the anterior pairs, the carinae being often more or less heavily marked
with black, the genicular arc black; hind tibiae very feebly incurved,
yellow luteous, the spines black-tipped. Supraanal plate of male trian-
gular with slightly rounded sides, the tip well rounded, with a deep
basal median sulcus, half as long as the plate and bounded by rather
high ridges, which after uniting in the middle again part slightly and
run parallel to the apex, leaving a slight sulcus between them; furcula
consisting of a pair of slightly separated minute triangular lobes; cerci
slender, slightly compressed, tapering gently on basal half, beyond
very slender, subcylindrical, scarcely tapering, acuminate, and curved
downward (the latter feature not shown in the figure); infracercal
plates rather short, rounded, concealed by the recumbent cerci.
Length of body, male, 17 mm., female 19.5 mm.; antennae, male, 6.75
mm., female, 6 mm.; tegmina, male and female, 3 mm.; hind femora,
male, 8.75 mm., female, 10 mm.
Seven males, 7 females. Montana, L. Bruner (L. Bruner; S. H.
Scudder; U.S.N.M. Kiley collection); Loon Lake, Oolville Valley,
northeastern Washington, July 23-25, S. Henshaw( Museum Compara-
tive Zoology).
Bruner states that the Montana specimens were taken near Helena
" among the trailing junipers on north mountain slopes, at moderate
elevations." He also states that the colors of the living insect are
much more vivid than in cabinet specimens. " The yellowish hair-
lines and dorsal line of the abdomen are glossy white, while the front
and lower surface are of a bright lemon yellow; the brown is a bright
hazel."
In some specimens, especially of the female, the pronotum is crossed
by a narrow testaceous stripe which cuts the darker markings, running
Bruner states that the tegmina are sometimes absent, but I think only from indi-
Tiduals that have lost them by accident. I have seen only one in which they were
lost from both sides; several iu which they have been lost from one side.
396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
obliquely upward from the lower level of the eye toward the upper pos-
terior limit of the lateral lobes of the prozona, usually narrowing as it
goes.
29. PHILOCLEON, new genus.
(3>iXoKh.Gov, a character in Aristophanes "Wasps," who ends the play in a leaping
dance. 1 )
Body closely resembling that of Podisma, compressed cylindrical,
not very slender, rather thinly pilose throughout with rather long deli-
cate hairs. Head moderately large, feebly prominent, the genae not
tumescent, the vertex well arched but only slightly elevated above the
pronotum; fastigium sulcate and declivent, passing insensibly into the
straight and little prominent frontal costa, the face retreating but little;
eyes rather widely separated, moderate in size, rather prominent, broad
oval, the front margin subtruncate (female) or feebly convex (male), not
more than half as long again as broad, produced neither above nor
below; antennae slender, much longer than (male) or as long as (female)
the head and pronotum together. Pronotum short, compressed cylin-
drical, with no trace of lateral cariuae and very feeble median carina,
both front and hind margins truncate; prozona sparsely and feebly,
metazona more closely but not densely punctate, the transverse sulci
moderate. Prosternal spine short, conical; meso- and metastethia
together much longer than broad in both sexes, the latter narrowing
rapidly behind, so that the portion behind the lobes is only (male) or
scarcely more than (female) half as broad as the metasthethiuin; inter-
space between the mesostemal lobes longer than broad (male) or sub-
quadrate (female), the metasternal lobes attingent or subattingeut
(male) or approximate, the interspace narrower than the frontal costa
{female). Tegmiua wanting. Hind femora moderately stout, the
inferior genicular lobe pallid except at extreme base, the hind tibiae with
nine to eleven spines in the outer series. Sides of the first abdominal
segment with no tympanum, the extremity in the male clavate, the sub-
genital plate with no apical tubercle, its lateral margins abruptly and
considerably arapliate at the base; cerci lamellate, narrow beyond the
rather broad base and incurved. Abdomen of female regularly taper-
ing, the ovipositor normally exserted.
The genus is represented by a single Mexican species, originally
described as Pezotettix nigrovittatus Stal.
PHILOCLEON NIGROVITTATUS.
(Plate XXVI, figs. 8, 9.)
Pezotettix nigrovittatm STAL, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Haiidl., Ill, No. 14 (1875),
p. 32; ibid, V, No. 9 (1878), p. 15.
Pezotettix apterus BRUNER!, MS.
Flavo-testaceous, heavily variegated with black and red, pilose.
Head fusco-olivaceous, darker in the male than in the female, above
1 "For now in these sinewy joints of ours
The cup-like socket is twirled about."
NO. 1124. RE VISION OF THE MELAXOPLISC UDDER. 397
with a median black stripe and a broad postocular piceous band
broadly margined with flavo-testaceous; vertex well arched, slightly
or not elevated above the pronotum, the interspace between the eyes a
little broader than (male) or fully twice as broad as (female) the first
antenna! joint; fastigium considerably declivent, rather deeply sulcate;
frontal costa almost percurrent, equal, about as broad as (male) or
distinctly narrower than (female) the interspace between the eyes,
strongly sulcate throughout, sparsely punctate; eyes moderate in size,
prominent particularly in the male, much longer than the infraocular
portion of the genae; antennae pale red, feebly infuscated apically,
fully four-fifths (male) or about two-thirds (female) as long as the
hind femora. Pronotum short, subcylindrical, a little compressed, in
the female feebly and regularly enlarging posteriorly, in the male
equal on the prozona and faintly flaring on the metazona, the
disk in both sexes transversely convex and passing quite insensibly
into the vertical lateral lobes; the ground color of the prouotum
is flavo-testaceous, but it is heavily overlaid with black somewhat
irregularly, which however forms a broad dorsal band (divided
in the female by a mediodorsal flavous stripe) crossing the prozona
only, and very broad piceous (male) or brownish fuscous (female)
postocular bands crossing the whole pronotum, broken to some extent,
and especially posteriorly divided by a flavo-testaceous, posteriorly
flavous, longitudinal stripe running through its upper portion; the
transverse sulci are also marked in black and the lower margins of the
lobes are broadly bordered with blackish fuscous; the disk of the
metazona is ferruginous or rufous, more or less iufuscated laterally;
median carina obsolete; front margin truncate (male) or gently and
mesially arcuate (female), hind margin truncate; prozona very sparsely
punctate, subquadrate, only a third longer (the principal sulcus arcuate,
opening backward) than the finely punctate metazona. Prosternal
spine short, conical, blunt; interspace between mesosternal lobes half
as long again as broad (male) or a little broader than long (female).
Tegmina wanting. Fore and middle femora considerably swollen in the
male, ferrugineo flavous ; hind femora varying from flavo-testaceous to
ferruginous and very broadly bifasciate with black, the fasciations so
confused on the outer face, especially in the female, that this often
becomes wholly black with more or less pronounced flavous incisures,
the lower margin of the outer face flavous, sometimes linearly dotted
with black, the lower face more or less sanguineous, the sides of the
geniculation black except the flavous apical portion of the lower genic-
ular lobe; hind tibiae more or less feebly incurved apically, fusco-glau-
cous with a black patellar annulus, the spines black in their apical half,
ten, rarely nine or eleven, in number in the outer series. Abdomen with
meso- and metathorax dull flavo-testaceous, heavily overlaid with black
in more or less broken continuation of the pronotal stripes and bands, the
slender mediodorsal flavous stripe of the prozoiia also repeated on the
398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. xx.
abdomen in the female ; the extremity strongly clavate in the male and
considerably recurved, the supraanal plate triangular with blunt apex,
the sides nearly straight, feebly emargin ate just before the middle, but
scarcely at all elevated, the median carina very deep in the basal half
between high and sharp walls, beyond shallow and feeble but percur-
rent; furcula consisting of a pair of approximate, minute, slender, par-
allel, blunt fingers, no longer than the last dorsal segment; cerci very
long and slender, exteriorly a little tumid, bent arcuate, tapering
gradually to the middle to less than half the basal breadth, then bent
roundly inward and thereafter equal, blunt-tipped, their tips meeting
over the apex of the supraanal plate; subgenital plate short, slightly
broader apically than at base, almost twice as long as broad, the lateral
margins strongly rounded at base, with the apical margin, as seen from
above, very strongly rounded, not elevated, entire.
Length of body, male, 18 mm., female, 22 mm.; antennae, male, 8.75
mm., female, 8 mm.; pronotum, male, 4.2 mm., female, 5.25 mm.; hind
femora, male, 10.5 mm., female, 12.5 mm.
Two males, 4 females. Comancho, Zacatecas, Mexico (L. Brunei-);
San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E. Palmer; Mount Alvarez, San Luis Potosi,
Mexico, E. Palmer.
By the kindness of Doctor Aurivillius of Stockholm, I am able to
illustrate the male abdomen of StaPs type (fig. 9), which I should have
been unable to identify with certainty from the rather meager descrip-
tion. I do not find the apex of the hind tibiae black, as Stal states
them to be.
30. APTENOPEDES.
(ATtrrfv, unfledged; Ttrfddoo, to leap.)
Aptenopedes SCUDDER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), pp. 83-84.
Body compressed, especially in the female, where it is also feebly
fusiform, feebly pilose. Head projecting, front strongly oblique, whole
summit of head horizontal, scarcely convex, triangular; eyes nearly
meeting above, especially in the male, where they are separated by a
space not wider than the narrowest part of the frontal costa, the fastig-
jum in front of them laterally expanded and slightly tumid; front sub-
appressed, particularly in the female, almost straight; eyes long oval,
moderately prominent, in the female depressed and tapering above;
antennae moderately slender, linear, subdepressed, about as long as
(female) or slightly longer than (male) the head and prouotuin together;
palpi rather small, the last joint nearly cylindrical, not in the least
expanded. Pronotum regularly expanding posteriorly in the female,
only expanding at the very tip and then but slightly in the male; front
margin slightly convex, hind margin slightly and angularly excised;
surface uniformly rugulose, tectiform, especially in the female, the
median carina distinct but not prominent, the lateral carinae wholly
NO. 1124. RE VISION OF THE MELA NOPLISC UDDER. 399
wanting; metazoua less than half as long a& the prozona, the latter
divided a little behind the middle by a scarcely perceptible sinuate
sulcus; lateral lobes nearly twice as long as broad, narrowing down-
ward, the inferior margin very broadly angulate, the posterior margin
roundly excised. Prosternal spine blunt, conico-cylindrical ; inner mar-
gin of mesosternal lobes broadly convex, the lobes subapproximate
(male) or distant from each other by half their width (female); meta-
sternal lobes subcontiguous in both sexes. Tegmiua linear, about as
long as the pronotum, or absent. Hind femora extending nearly to
(female) or a little beyond (male) the tip of the abdomen, the superior
margin unarmed, the hind tibiae with their outer edges smooth, the
spines similar in length on the two sides, those of the outer series nine
to ten in number; first and third tarsal joints equal, the second less than
half as long as either. Abdomen indistinctly carinate throughout, the
extremity scarcely enlarged in the male; subgenital plate ampliate at
base, short, not projecting far beyond the tip of the small supraanal
plate, and in particular so little elevated posteriorly as to expose the
recumbent pallium more or less to a posterior view; furcula feeble;
cerci styliform; infracercal plates highly developed.
In general appearance the species of this genus most nearly resemble
those of Gymnoscirtetes Bruner, Paradichroplus Brunner, and Scopas
Oiglio Tos. The distinctions of the genus from the first, besides its
ampliate subgenital plate, are pointed out under that genus. From
Paradichroplus it differs in its more compressed body, the more taper-
ing vertex, the slenderer tegmina (when they are present), the lack of
any enlargement of the tip of the male abdomen, with the shorter sub-
genital plate, the ampliate basal margin of the same, the posteriorly
exposed pallium, and the wholly simple cerci. From Scopas, which I
have not seen, it appears to differ in its more prominent prosternal
spine, its narrower labruin, more declivent face, less cylindrical pro-
notum, with its excised posterior margin, besides its simple cerci. Its
subconical head, especially in the female, gives it a peculiar aspect.
A. sphenarioides Scudder, is the type.
Three species occur in the Southern States along the borders of the
Gulf of Mexico, and may be separated as follows:
ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SPECIES OF APTENOPEDES.
A 1 . Tegmiua present in one or both sexes ; frontal costa no broader at base than in
the middle.
6 1 . Tegmina present in both sexes; furcula of male as long as the last dorsal seg-
ment; anal cerci tapering only on basal half 1. sphenarioides (p. 400).
6 2 . Tegmina present in female only; furcnla of male not more than half as long
as the last dorsal segment; anal cerci tapering almost uniformly through-
out 2. rufovittata (p. 401).
A 2 . Tegmiua present in neither sex; frontal costa much broader at base than in
middle, at least in the male 3. aptera (p. 402).
400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
i. APTENOPEDES SPHENARIOIDES.
CPlateXXVI, fig. 10.)
Aptenopedes splienarloides SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877) r
pp. 84-85; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 25. BRUNER, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm..
Ill (1883), p. 55.
Body green, the upper surface a little infuscated in the male. Head
and whole front flecked with fuscous or blackish puncta; antennae with
the first two joints pale or greenish, beyond growing testaceous, the
apical third blackish fuscous. Pronotum uniformly dull rugulose,
more obscurely on the lateral lobes than above, and furnished with
very scattered, inconspicuous, delicate, short, white hairs found also
on the head, and with a white or very pale pink, straight lateral stripe,
running from the upper posterior border of the eye to the hinder edge
of the pronotum; this stripe is bordered more (male) or less (female)
distinctly with black beneath; lower edges of lateral lobes a little pale,
especially in the male. Prosternal spine terminating bluntly. Teg-
inina reaching the end of the first abdominal segment, white above,
black below, in continuation of the lateral stripe. Metapleura more
or less distinctly striped with black and white in imitation of the
tegmina. Hind femora green exteriorly, more or less iufuscated in
the female, especially above, the upper carina of the outer face
obscurely marked with black, the outer half of the upper face more
or less distinctly testaceous in the male; hind tibiae green with
a plumbeous tinge, the spines black tipped. Abdomen obscurely
punctate on the basal half with small, indistinct, laterodorsal spots of
mingled white and blue black dots on the posterior extremity of the
segments, which in the male lie at the outer limit of a broad dorsal
testaceous stripe, which is bordered externally with blackish and so
obscures the spots; supraanal plate of male slender, elongate, equal as
far as the middle, beyond subtriangular, acutangulate at tip, the mar-
gins elevated, with a slender, sharp, median sulcus, bordered basally
by slight ridges; furcula consisting of a pair of subattingent, parallel,
blunt, cylindrical processes, extending but a short distance over the
plate; cerci rather small, laminate, tapering rapidly in the basal half,
beyond equal and slender, but at tip acuminate by the excision of the
upper margin, the whole feebly incurved ; infracercal plates large, broad
apically, extending slightly beyond the supraanal plate and very
broadly rounded at tip.
Length of body, male, 17 mm., female, 25 mm. ; antennae, male and
female, 7 mm.; tegmina, male, 3 mm., female, 4 mm.; hind femora,
male, 10 mm., female, 11.25 mm.
Three males, 5 females. Fort Eeed, Orange County, Florida, April
8-28, J. H. Comstock; Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida, April,
C. J. Maynard; The same, August, W. H. Ashmead (U.S.N.M.); Key
West, Florida, C. J. Mayuard : Biscayne Bay, Dade County, Florida,
E. Palmer.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 401
2. APTENOPEDES RUFOVITTATA.
(Plate XXVI, fig. 11.)
Aptenopedes rufovittata SCUDDKK!, Proc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., XIX (1877), pp. 85-
86; Ent. Notes, VI (1878), p. 26. BRUNKR, Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., Ill (1883),
p. 55.
Body green, more or less infuscated above. Face minutely and rather
sparsely dotted with blackish fuscous, the mouth-parts and the lower
part of the face often decidedly pink ; antennae with the first two joints
green, beyond either dull green more or less iufuscated (male) or with
the basal half reddish or pinkish brown and the apical half olivaceo-
fuscous (female); eyes as in A. sphenarioides. Pronotum rugulose,
much more heavily in the male than in 'the female, and the dorsum of
the other thoracic joints and the basal abdominal joints similarly
marked; pronotum with a distinct (female) or inconspicuous (male)
median carina, obscurely infuscated in the male, generally marked dis-
tinctly but narrowly with testaceous in the female, the surface of the
whole pronotum with a few scattered hairs, even more sparsely dis-
tributed than in A. sphenarioides; upper limit of the lateral lobes
marked by a slender black stripe, followed above by a somewhat
broader rufous band, fading to yellowish, and narrowed in the female;
this stripe does not extend upon the head. Tegmina wanting in the
male, very slender, linear, straight and green in the female. Legs green,
the hind femora tipped, at least in the male, with rufo-testaceous and
black; hind tibiae glaucous; hind tarsi red, with black-edged arolium
and black-tipped red claws. Abdomen, in the female, with an obscure
testaceous mediodorsal stripe, extending upon the thorax, and, on
the abdomen, followed by an obscure laterodorsal series of small dark
spots; or, in the male, with a similar distinct stripe, bordered by a more
or less distinct narrow or broad edging of black, fading laterally into
fuscous; supraarial plate of male moderately long and slender, tapering
from the base, at first gently, near tip rapidly, the apex slightly obtus-
angulate, the margins elevated, a median sulcus extending over the
basal half, bounded by pronounced but rounded ridges which unite in
the middle of the plate and then continue halfway to the tip; furcula
consisting of a pair of short, cylindrical lobes diverging at right angles,
projecting but little over the supraanal plate; cerci regularly conical
except that they are feebly compressed, acuminate, straight, reaching
the tip of the supraanal plate; infracercal plates broad, sulcate, broadly
rounded apically, but acutely subacuiuinate at the middle line, extend-
ing just beyond the supraanal plate.
Length of body, male, 15.5 mm., female, 20.5 mm.; antennae, male,
6.5 mm., female, 5.4 mm. ; tegmina, female, 1.85 mm. ; hind femora, male,
8.5 mm., female, 10 mm.
Two males, 1 female. Fort Heed, Orange County, Florida, April 10-
21, J. H. Comstock.
Proc. N. M. vol. xx 26
402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
3. APTENOPEDES APTERA.
(Plate XXVI, fig. 12.)
Aptenopede* aptera SCUDDER!, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. (1877), p. 86; Ent. Notes,
VI (1878), p. 27. BRUNER, Eep. U. S. Ent. Coinm., Ill (1883), p. 55.
Body green; head green; eyes narrower, at least in the female, than
in A. sphenarioides, more closely approximated above, and the fas-
tigium in advance of them less swollen. Thorax with sculpturing simi-
lar to that in A. sphenarioides, but wholly devoid of any lateral stripe or
with feeblest signs of the same in the female ; in the male, however, there
is a faint pallid stripe, edged feebly, narrowly, and interruptedly
beneath with very dark green. Tegmina wholly wanting in both sexes.
Legs as in the other species, except in wanting the testaceous color on
the outer half of the upper face of the hind femora. Abdomen green,
with a inediodorsal testaceous stripe with obscurely infuscated edges,
extending also over the meso- and metanota; supraanal plate of male
sub triangular, with slightly convex sides, the apex acutely aagulate,
the surface tolerably flat except that the lateral margins are elevated
on the basal half, the extreme tip is suddenly raised to a higher level,
and the median basal sulcus, which reaches to the middle of the plate,
is flanked by heavy parallel walls which unite beyond its tip and extend
nearly to the apex of the plate; furcula consisting of a pair of minute,
rounded, divergent lobes, seated upon the ridges bounding the median
sulcus of the supraanal plate; cerci much as in A. rufovittata^ but taper-
ing a little more rapidly on the basal than on the apical half; iufracercal
plates very broad, concave, tapering, entendiug beyond the supraanal
plate by their slightly thickened, bluntly pointed, slightly separated
apices.
Length of body, male, 19.5 mm., female, 24 mm.; antennae, male, 8
inm., female, 6.5 mm. ; hind femora, male, 11.25 mm., female, 10.5 mm.
One male, 3 females. Fort Reed, Orange County, Florida, April 27,
J. H. Comstock; Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida, August, W. H.
Ashinead (U.S.N.M.) ; Texas (U.S.N.M.).
APPENDIX.
1. LIST OF HERETOFORE-DESCRIBED SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN MELANOPLI, IN
THEIR ORIGINAL AND PRESENT NOMENCLATURE, ALPHABETICALLY ARUANGED BY
SPECIES UNDER THE FORMER.
1877. Pezotettix abtlitum Dodge = Melanoplus dawsoni.
1875. Pezotettix acutipennia Scudder = Canipylacantha acutipennis.
1876. Pezotettix alba Dodge Hypochlora alba.
1877. Caloptenua angustipennis Dodge = Melanoplus anguatipenuia.
1877. Aptenopedes aptera Scudder Aptenopedea aptera.
1870. Caloptenus arcticns Walker ? Melauoplus borealis.
1879. Pezotettix aridus Scudder = Melanoplus aridus.
1879. Melauoplus arizonae Scudder =3 Melanoplus arizonae.
1879. Pezotettix aspirans Scudder = Podisma dodgei.
1875. Caloptenus atlanis Riley=; Melanoplus a^lanis.
1877. Paroxya atlantica Scudder Paroxya atlantica.
1876. Pezotettix autumnalis Dodge = Phoetaliotes nebrascensis.
1861. Platyphyma aztecum Saussure = Aidemona azteca.
1870. Caloptenus bilituratns "Walker = Melanoplns bilituratus.
1825. Gryllus bivittatus Say = Melanoplus bivittatus.
1878. Pezotettix bohemani Stal = Podisma dodgei.
1861. Acridium (Podisma) borckii Stal = Melanoplus borckii.
1868. Pezotettix borealis Scudder = Melanoplus fasciatus.
1854. Caloptenus boreali.s Fieber= Melanoplus borealis.
1879. Melanoplus bowditchi Scudder = Melanoplus bowditchi.
1874. Qmniatolampis brevipennis Thomas Hesperotettix brevipennia.
1891. Melanoplus cenchri McNeill Melanoplus flavidus.
1878. Melanoplus cinereus Scudder = Melanoplus cinereus.
1877. Caloptenus clypeatus Scudder = Melanoplus clypeatus.
1878. Melanoplus collaris Scudder = Oedaleonotus enigma.
1878. Melanoplus collinus Scudder = Melanoplu* collinua.
1861. Peopedetes corallinus Saussure. Undetermined ; perbapa not belonging to this group.
1879. Melanoplus curtus Scudder = Melanoplua faaciatua.
1875. Pezotettix davraoni Scudder = Melanoplua dawaoni.
1875. Caloptenus deletor Scudder = Melanoplua deleter.
1878. Melanoplua devastator Scudder = Melanoplua devastator.
1875. Caloptenua devorator Scudder = Melanoplus femur rubrum.
1865. Acridium differentiale Ubler Melanoplus differentialia.
1879. Pezotettix discolor Scudder = Melanoplua discolor.
1871. Caloptenus dodgei Tbomas = Podiama dodgei.
1879. Pezotettix dumicolus Scudder Melanoplua dumicola.
1861. Pezotettix edax Saussure = Melanoplua femoratua.
1876. Pezotettix enigma Scudder = Oedaleonotua enigma.
1788. Gryllua (Locusta) erythropus Gmelin = Melanoplna femur rnbrum.
1870. Caloptenus extremus Walker =- Melanoplua extremua.
1870. Caloptenua fasciatus Walker = Melanoplus fasciatus.
1875. Caloptenus fasciatus Scudder Melanoplus packardii.
1791. Acridium femorale Olivier Melanoplua femur rubrum.
1838. Caloptenua femoratus Burmeister Melanoplua femoratus.
1773. Acridium femur rubrum De Geer = Melanoplua femur rubrum.
1879. Pezotettix flabellatus Scudder = Melanoplus flabellatus.
1879. Melauoplua flabellifer Scudder = Melanoplua flabellifer.
1879. MeLmoplus flavidus Scudder = Melanoplus flavidus.
[1877. Pezotettix flavoanuulatus La Munyon = Dactylotum pictum.]
1874. Caleoptenua [sic] flavolineatua Thomas. Undetermined.
1841. Acridium flavovittatum Harria = Melanoplua bivittatus.
1874. Calopteuua floridianus Thomas = Paroxya floridana.
403
404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
1879. Melanoplus foedus Scudder = Melanoplus foedus.
1872. Acridium froutalis Thomas = Hesperotettix speciosus.
1862. Pezotettix glacialis Scudder = Podisnia glacialis.
1875. Caloptenus glaucipes Scudder = Melanoplus glaucipes.
1876. Pezotettix gracilis Bruner = Melanoplus gracilis.
1872. Caloptenus griseus Thomas = Melanoplus punctulatus.
1875. Caloptenus helluo Scudder = Melanoplus punctulatus.
1893. Melanoplus herbaceus Bruner = Melanoplus herbaceus.
1885. Pezotettix hispidus Bruner = Bradynotes hispida.
1892. Pezotettix hoosieri Blatchley = Paroxya boosieri.
1875. Pezotettix humphreysii Thomas =Melanoplus humphreysii.
1879. Melanoplus infantilis Scudder = Melanoplus infantilis.
1879. Melanoplus interior Scudder = Melanoplus femur rubrum.
1876. Pezotettix jucundus Scudder = Oedaleonotus enigma.
1876. Pezotettix junius podge = Melanoplus extremus.
1874. Caloptenus keeleri Thomas = Melanoplus keeleri.
1878. Melanoplus kennicottii Scudder = Melanoplus kennicottii.
1879. Pezotettix lakinus Scudder = Melanoplus lakinus.
1837. Locusta leucostoma Kirby = ? Melanoplus extremus.
1861. Pezotettix longicornis Saussure== ? Melanoplus obovatipennis.
1891. Dendrotettix longipennis Kiley MS. Bruner Dendrotettix quercus.
1876. Caloptenus lurida Dodge = Melanoplus luridus.
1868. Pezotettix manca Smith = Melanoplus niancus.
1876. Pezotettix marginatus Scudder = Melanoplus marginatus.
1875. Pezotettix marshallii Thomas = Podisma marshallii.
1879. Pezotettix marshallii Scudder = Melanoplus altitudinum.
1872. Pezotettix megacephala Thomas MS. Dodge -- Phoetaliotes nebrascenais.
1861. Pezotettix mexicana Saussure. Undetermined.
1861. Platyphyma roexicanum Bruner = Paradichroplus mexicanus.
1870. Caloptenus mexicanus Walker = Paradichroplus mexicanus.
1838. Acridium milberti Serville Melanoplus femoratus.
1875. Caloptenus minor Scudder = Melanoplus minor.
1876. Pezotettix minutipennis Thomas = Melanoplus gracilis.
1873. Platyphyma montana Thomas = Melanoplus montanus.
1885. Bradynotes montanus Bruner = Asemoplus montanus.
1872. Pezotettix nebrascensis Thomas = Phoetaliotes nebrascensis.
1877. Caloptenus nigrescens Scudder = Melanoplus nigresceus.
1875. Pezotettix nigrovittatns Stal = Philocleon nigrovittatus.
1879. Pezotettix nudus Scudder =^ Paraidemona punctata.
1872. Pezotettix obesa Thomas = Bradynotes obesa.
1894. Pezotettix obovatipeunis Blatchley = Melanoplus obovatipennis.
1872. Caloptenus occidentalis Thomas = Melanoplus occidentalis.
1876. Pezotettix occidentalis Bruner = Melanoplus blatchleyi.
1875. Pezotettixolivacea Scudder = Campylacan tha olivacea.
1881. Bradynotes opimus Scudder = Bradynotes obesa.
1875. Pezotettix oregonensis Thomas = Podisma oregonensis.
1881. Pezotettix pacificus Scudder =r Melanoplus pacificus.
1878. Melanoplus packardii Scudder = Melanoplus packardii.
1876. Caloptenus parvus Provancher = Melanoplus extremus.
[1870. Pezotettix picta Thomas = Dactylotum pictum.]
1877. Caloptenus (Hesperotettix) picticornis Thomas = Poecilotettix picticorniB.
1878. Pezotettix pilosus Stal = Rhabdotettix pilosus.
1876. Pezotettix plagosus Scudder^ A eoloplus plagosua.
1878. Pezotettix plebejus Stal = Melanoplus plebejus.
1877. Caloptenus plumbum Dodge = Melanoplus plumbeua.
1875. Caloptenus ponderosus Scudder = Melanoplus robustus.
1877. Pezotettix puer Sc udder = Melanoplus puer.
1878. Pezotettix punctatus Stal Paraidemona punctata.
1862. Caloptenus punctulatus TThler MS. Scudder = Melanoplus punctulatus.
1879. Pezotettix pupaeformis Scudder = Melanoplus plebejus.
1888. Dendrotettix quercus Riley = Dendrotettix quercus.
1877. Paroxya recta Scudder = Paroxya floridana.
1878. Melanoplus rectus Scudder = Melanoplus fasciatus.
1876. Caloptenus regal*s Dodge = Aeolopl us regalis.
1870. Caloptenus repletus Walker. Probably indeterminable.
1875. Caloptenus robustus Scudder = Melanoplus robustus.
1877. Pezotettix rotundipennis Scudder Melanoplus rotundipennis.
NO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELAXOPLISCUDDER. 405
1877. Aptenopedes rufovittata Scudder = Aptenopedes rufovittata.
1878. Pezotettix rusticus Stal = Melanoplus rusticus.
1877. Caloptenas sanguinocephalus La Munyon = Phoetaliotes nebrascensis.
1877. Caloptenus sanguinolentus Provancher Melanoplus femur rubrura.
1870. Caloptenus scriptus Walker. Determinable only by comparison with types in the British
Museum.
1864. Pezotettix scudderi Uhler= Melanoplus scudderi.
1870. Caloptenus selectus "Walker. Determinable only by study of types in the British Museum.
1861. Pezotettix septentrionalis Saussure = Melanoplus borealis.
1872. Pezotettix speciosa Scudder= Hesperotettix speciosus.
1877. Aptenopedes sphenarioides Scudder = Aptenopedes sphenarioides.
18<>5. Acridium spretis Uhler MS. Thomas = Melanoplus spretus.
1876. Pezotettix stupefactus Scudder = Podisma stupefacta.
1861. Pezotettix sumichrasti Saussure = ? Melanoplus bivittatus.
1876. Pezotettix tellustris Scudder Melanoplus dawsoni.
1879. Melanoplus tenebrosus Scudder = Melanoplus keeleri.
1879. Pezotettix texanus Scudder = Melanoplus texanus.
1872. Caloptenus turnbulli Thomas = A eoloplus turnbulli.
1873. Pezotettix uuicolor Thomas = Melanoplus scudderi.
1878. Pezotettix varicolor Stal = Paradichroplus varicolor.
[1879. Pezotettix variegatus Scudder = Dactylotum variegatum.]
1879. Melanoplus variolosus Scudder Melanoplus occidentalis.
1876. Pezotettix viola Thomas = Melanoplus viola.
1861. Pedies virescens Saussure. Undetermined; perhaps not belonging to this group.
1872. Caloptenus viridis Thomas = Hesperotettix viridis.
1876. Pezotettix vivax Scudder = Campylacantha vivax.
1877. Caloptenus volucris Dodge = Phoetaliotes nebrascensis.
1880. Pezotettix washingtonianus Bruner = Melanoplus washingtonianas.
1875. Caloptenus yarrowii Thomas = Melanoplus yarrowii.
1861. Pezotettix zimmermanni Saussure = ? Melanoplus nigrescens.
2. UNDETERMINED FORMS.
1. Poepedetes corallinus Saussure, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1861, p. 158. Mexico temperata. It is doubtful
if this Mexican species, unknown to me, belongs in the Melanopli ; it seems to be more nearly allied
to Dactylotum.
2. Pezotettix fauriei Bolivar, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., XIX (1890), pp. 322-323. This species from
Yesso, Japan, seems to be a Podisma, but it is described from the female alone, so that I can not
place it more closely.
3. Caleoptenus (sic I) Jlavolineatus Thomas, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., I, Istseries, No. 2 (1874), p. 68.
I am unable to determine this southern California species, and am tolerably confident I have not seen
it; for in this case there is apparently sufficient in the description to fix the species when specimens
are obtained. It has been thought by some to be Oedaleonotus enigma collaris, but that is scarcely
possible.
4. Pezotettix mexicana Saussure, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1861, p. 160. Mexico temperata. From the descrip-
tion it is impossible to determine which of the many Mexican species this may be, but I suspect it
may prove to be Melanoplus atlanis.
5. Pezotettix mikado Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., XIX (1890), p. 323. Yesso, Japan. Like the
other species of Bolivar, No. 2, this is described from the female only, and I can not place it. It is pre-
sumably a Podisma.
6. Caloptenus repletus Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870). pp. 678-679. I had thought this
species to be probably Melanoplus bilituratus, but there was little in Walker's description whereon to
base ;m opinion. Mr. Samuel Henshaw, however, kindly compared bilituratut with the specimens
placed under repletus in the British Museum and found them distinct. Walker credited it to "U.
States " and " Vancouver's Island," one specimen each, but Mr. Henshaw found no specimens from
Vancouver, but two males and a female from " North America," one specimen being further labeled
"Illinois." The two males were different species, one being Melanoplus femoratus, the other (Illinois)
distinct, but allied to it by the cerci, though with short tegmina (probably Melanoplus viola). It was
further doubtful whether the female belonged with either of the males. Certainly, then, we shall be
obliged to consign Walker's species to merited oblivion. Probably no one of these specimens is one
of the original types.
7. Calliptamug sanguineipes Serville, Rev. Meth. Orth. (1831), pp. 93-94 [Aerydium sanguineipet
Olivier, Encycl. Meth., VI (179J), p. 231]. Surinam. It is very doubtful if this belongs in the Melan-
opli. If De Geer's Acridium aeneo-oculatum is the same l his figure would lead us to presume it did
not. I have not seen the species.
' See Serv., Orth., p. 670.
406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. YOL.XX.
8. Caloptenus scriptus Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), pp. 680-681. The only form to
which. I was inclined to refer this was that described here as ^lelanoplus bilitiiratus, but from Mr. Hen-
shaw's examination of the types (see that species, p. 176) it can not be that, and I therefore find it at
present indeterminable. I have specimens from Vancouver, the origin of Walker's species, which may
possibly be referred to scriptus, since they differ from Melanoplus bilituratus in the points specified by
Mr. Henshaw, but as I possess only females I do not feel satisfied of their specific validity.
9. Caloptenus selectus Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV (1870), p. 682. Walker's types (from
Oajaca, Mexico) were examined at my request by Mr. Henshaw to see whether they belong in the
group Melanopli at all, and he states that they do. It is quite impossible by Walker's description
even to guess to what genus it belongs, much less to determine the species without a direct compari-
son with the types. I know of no species with a broad, interrupted, piceous stripe along the costa of
the tegmina.
10. Pedies virescens Saussure, Rev. Mag. Zool., 1861, pp. 157-158. Mexico. I have not been able to
determine this species among my material, and question very much whether it belongs in the Melan-
opli. I am more inclined to think it allied to Dactylotum.
11. Podisma viridis Blanchard, Gay, Faun. Chil., Zool., VI (1851), pp. 75, 76. Chile. This is not one
of the Melanopli, but belongs to Antandrus Stal.
Several other species have not been definitely determined, but have been placed in the synonymy of
the described species with a mark of doubt. Such are Caloptenus arcticus Walker, Locusta leitcostoma
Kirby, Pezotettix longicornis Saussure, P. sumichrasti Saussure, and P. zimmermanni Saussure, for
which see the last preceding list (Appendix 1).
3. LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN MELANOPLI. 1
1. Atrachelacris unicolor Giglio Tos, Boll. Mus. Tor., IX, Ort. Viagg. Borelli, 1894, p. 21. Argentine
Republic, Paraguay.
2. Dichroplus amoenus [Pezotettix amoenus Stal, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878),
p. 8.] (Locality?)
3. Dichroplus arrogans [Acridium (Podisma) arrogans Stal, Eug. Resa, Orth., 1860, p. 333 ; Pezotettix
(Dichroplus) arrogans Stal, Rec. Orth., I (1873), p. 78; Pezotettix arrogans Stal, Obs. Orthopt., Ill,
(1878), p. 6; Acridium strobelii Brunner (MS. ?)]. Argentine Republic, Uruguay.
4. Dichroplus bergii (Pezotettix bergii Stal, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878), pp. 6,7;
Acridium crassipes Brunner (MS. ?)]. Argentine Republic, Paraguay, Brazil.
5. Dichroplus bicolor Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, pp. 21-22. Argentine Republic, Paraguay.
6. Dichroplus client [Acridium (Podisma) cliens Stal, Eug. Resa, Orth., 1860, p. 335; Pezotettix
(Dichroplus) cliens Stal, Rec. Ortb., I (1873), p. 78; Pezotettix cliens Stal, Obs. Orthopt., Ill (1878), p. 6].
Uruguay.
7. Dichroplus distinguendus Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, pp. 22-23. Paraguay.
8. Dichroplus elongatus Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, pp. 23-24. Argentine Republic, Paraguay.
9. Dichroplus exilis Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, p. 23; Argentine Republic, Paraguay.
10. Dichroplus fuscus [Gryllus fuscus Thunberg, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., V (1815), p. 235 ; Pezotettix
(Trigonophymus) fuscus Stal, Rec. Orth., I (1873), p. 78]. Argentine Republic, Nova Cambria.
11. Dichroplus lemniscatus [Acridium (Podisma) lemniscatum Stal, Eug. Resa, Orth., 1860, p. 334;
Pezotettix (Dichroplus) lemniscatus Stal, Rec. Orth., I (1873), p. 78; Pezotettix lemniscatus Stal, Obs.
Orthopt., Ill (1878), p. 6]. Argentine Republic, Brazil.
12. Dichroplus patruelis [Acridium (Pcdisma) patruele Stal, Eug. Resa, Orth., 1860, p. 334; Pezotettix
(Dichroplus) patruelis Stal, Rec. Orth., I (1873), p. 78; Pezotettix patruelis Stal, Obs. Orth., Ill (1878).
p. 6; ? Acridium vittigerum Blanchard, Gay, Faun. Chil., Zool., VI (1851), pp. 73-74 (not Acrid, vittigerum
Blanchard, Voy. pole sud., Zool., IV (1853), pp. 371-372, pi. in, fig. 9)]. Argentine Republic, Paraguay,
Uruguay. If Blanchard' s Chilian vittigerum belongs here it must take precedence.
13. Dichroplus peruvianus [Pezotettix peruvianus Stal, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878),
pp. 7-8]. Peru.
14. Dichroplus punctulatus [Gryllus punctulatus Thunberg, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., IX (1824), p.
408; Pezotettix punctulatus Stal, Obs. Orth., Ill (1878), p. 6; Acridium (Podisma) fraternum Stal,
Eug. Resa, Orth., 1860, p. 333]. Argentine Republic, Uruguay, Brazil, New Grenada, Colombia.
15. Dichroplus robustulus [Pezotettix robustulus Stal, Bih. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., V, No. 9 (1878),
p. 7]. Southern Brazil.
16. Paradichroplus aberrans Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1891, p. 28. Paraguay.
17. Paradichroplus bipunctatus Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, pp. 26-27. Paraguay.
18. Paradichroplus borellii Giglio Tos. loc. cit., 1894, pp. 27-28. Paraguay.
19. Paradichroplus brunneri Giglio Tos, loc. cit. , 1894, pp. 25-26. Argentine Republic, Paraguay.
20. Pezotettix antisanae Bolivar, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., X, Notes Ent. (1881), pp. 36-37. Autisana,
Ecuador.
21 . Scopas obesus Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, p. 29. Paraguay.
22. Scotussa impudica Giglio Tos, loc. cit., 1894, p. 25. Uruguay.
'Not including those mentioned in the body of this memoir.
HO. 1124. REVISION OF THE MELANOPLI SC UDDER. 407
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
With the exception of a few figures specially noted below, all the drawings for
these plates were made by Mr. J. Henry Blake, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and
the expense met by a special grant for the purpose from the ELIZABETH THOMPSON
SCIENCE FUND, which is here gratefully acknowledged.
Unless otherwise stated (under the names of individuals or institutions placed in
parentheses), all the drawings of American species were made from specimens in my
own collection. Plate I illustrates the venation of the tegmina in a few species, and
the figures are here magnified five diameters. The remaining plates show the abdom-
inal appendages of the males of all but two or three of the species, and these are
magnified four diameters.
PLATE I.
FIG. a. Melanoplus dawsoni completes, male. Clifford, North Dakota (L. Bruner).
b. Melanoplus gladstoni, male. Medicine Hat, Assiniboia.
c. Melanoplus fasciatus volaticus, male. Charlevoix, Michigan (L. Bruner).
d. Melanoplus borealis, male. Labrador coast, latitude 59.
. Phoetaliotes nebrascensis volucris, male. Dallas, Texas.
r\ Melanoplus extremus scandens, male. Mount Washington, New Hampshire.
'. Melanoplus extremus junius, male. Jackson, New Hampshire.
. Melanoplus femur rubrum, male. Adirondacks, New York.
r' '. Melanoplus marginatus ampins, male. California (U.S.N.M.).
k. Melanoplus par oxyoides, male. Key West, Florida.
PLATE II.
FIG. 1. Gymnoscirtetes pusillus. Jacksonville, Florida (L. Bruner). From a type
specimen.
2. Netrosomafusiformis. Montelovez, Mexico.
3. Xetrosoma nigropleura. Lerdo, Mexico (L. Bruner). From a type specimen.
4. Paradichroplus mexicanus. Orizaba, Mexico. From Walker's type of Calo-
ptenus mexicanus, the drawings obtained at the British Museum by Mr.
S. Henshaw; magnification unknown; the specimen is a nymph.
5. Paradichroplus mexicanus. Orizaba, Mexico.
6. Paradichroplus varicolor. Columbia.
7. Phaedrotettix angustipennis. Mount Alvarez, Mexico.
8. Conalcaea miguelitana. Sierra de San Miguelito, Mexico.
9. Conalcaea neomexicana. Silver City, New Mexico (L. Braner).
10. Barytettix crassus. Lower California (L. Bruner).
11. Phaulotettix compressut. Montelovez, Mexico.
PLATE III.
FIG. 1. Cephalotettix parvulus. Otoyac, Mexico (L. Bruner). From a type specimen.
2. Rhabdotettix concinnus. Waco, Texas (Mus. Comp. Zool.).
3. Rhabdotettix palmeri. Montelovez, Mexico.
4. Cyclocercus bistrigata. Venis Mecas, Mexico.
5. Cyclocercus accola. Goliad, Texas.
6. Cyclocercus valga. Sierra Nola, Mexico.
7. Sinaloa behrensii. Siualoa, Mexico.
8. Paraidemona punctata. Texas.
9. Paraidemona punctata. Texas. From a type of Pezotettix nudns.
10. Paraidemona mimica. Uvalde, Texas.
PLATE IV.
FIG. 1. Aidemona azteca. San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
2. Hypochlora alba. Colorado.
3. CampylacAxtfia acutipennis. Dallas, Texas.
408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
FIG. 4. Campylacantha olivacea. Texas.
5. Campylacantha similis. Lerdo, Mexico (L. Brunei).
6. Campylacantha vivax. Northern New Mexico. From the type specimen.
7. Eotettix signatus. East Florida (J. McNeill). From the type specimen.
8. Hesperotettix viridis. Lakin, Kansas.
9. Hesperotettix meridionalis. Guanajuato, Mexico. (U.S.N.M.)
10. Hesperotettix festivus. Salt Lake Valley, Utah.
PLATE V.
FIG. 1. Hesperotettix pacificus. Los Angeles, California (L. Bruner). From a type
specimen.
2. Hesperotettix brevipennis. Wellesley, Massachusetts.
3. Hesperotettix pratensis. Dallas, Texas.
4. Hesperotettix speciosus. Nebraska.
r>, Aeoloplus tenuipennis. Fort Grant. Arizona (U.S.N.M.).
0. Aeoloplus elegans. Las Cruces, New Mexico (U.S.N.M.).
, Aeoloplus regalia. Lakin, Kansas.
-!. Aeoloplus californicus. California (S. Henshaw).
9. Aeoloplus chenopodii. Grand Junction, Colorado. From a type specimen.
10. Aeoloplus turnbulli. Newcastle, Wyoming (L. Bruner).
PLATE VI.
FIG. 1. Aeoloplus plagosus. Northern New Mexico. From the type specimen.
2. Aeoloplus uniformis. Fort Whipple, Arizona.
3. Aeoloplus arizonensis. Fort Whipple, Arizona.
4. Aeoloplus oculatus. Mohave, New Mexico (L. Bruner).
5. Bradynotes hispida. Colville Valley, Washington (L. Bruner). From a type
specimen.
6. Bradynotes caurus. Yakima River, Washington (U.S.N.M.).
7. Bradynotes expleta. Eastou, Washington (U.S.N.M.).
8. Bradynotes ping uis. Washington (?) (S. Henshaw).
9. Bradynotes obesa. Helena, Montana.
10. Bradynotes referta. Soldier,' Idaho (L. Bruner).
PLATE VII.
FIG. 1. Bradynotes satur. Placer County, California (U.S.N.M.).
2. Dendrotettix quercus. Travis County, Texas (U.S.N.M.).
3. Podisma glacialis. Mount Washington, New Hampshire.
4. Podisma variegata. Ithaca, New York.
5. Podisma nubicola. Mount Lincoln, Colorado.
6. Podisma stupefacta. New Mexico.
7. Podisma dodgei. Pikes Peak, Colorado.
8. Podisma ascensor. American Fork Canyon, Utah.
9. Podisma marshallii. Mount Lincoln, Colorado. .
10. Podisma oregonensis. Henry Lake, Idaho (L. Bruner).
PLATE VIII.
FIG. 1. Podisma pedemontana. Europe. Drawn by J. Redteubacher.
2. Podisma cobelUi. Europe.
3. Podisma parnassica. Mount Parnassus, Greece. From a type specimen.
4. Podisma pyrenaea. Pic du Midi, France.
5. Podisma salamandra. Europe.
6. Podisma baldensis. Europe.
7. Podisma dairisama. Japan (U.S.N.M.).
8. Podisma fieberi. Europe.
9. Podisma schmidtii. Europe.
10. Podisma pedestris. Vienna, Austria.
NO. 1124. REVISION or Till-: MELANOPLISCUDDEE. 409
PLATK IX.
FlG. 1. Podisma alpina alpina. Villars, Vaud, Switzerland.
2. Podisma f rig ida. Lapland.
3. Podisma (Eupodisma) primnoa. Verschneydinsk, Siberia.
4. Paratylotropidia brunneri. Dakota (L. Bruner). The specimen is partly
damaged.
5. Paratylotropidia brunneri. Texas. From a pen-and-ink sketch by Hofrath
Brunner von Wattenwyl. Natural size.
PLATE X.
FIG. 1. Melanoplus marculentus. Sierra de San Miguelito, Mexico.
2. Melanoplus lakinus. Colorado. From a type specimen.
3. Melanoplus sonorae. Sonora, Mexico.
4. Melanoplus occidentals. Lakiu, Kansas.
5. Melanoplus cuneatus. Silver City, New Mexico. (U.S.N.M.)
6. Melanoplus flabellifer. South Park, Colorado. From the type specimen.
7. Melanoplus discolor. Texas. From a type specimen.
. Melanoplus simplex. Colorado.
). Melanoplus rileyanus. Los Angeles, California. (U.S.N.M.)
10. Melanoplus herbaceus. El Paso, Texas (L. Bruner). From a type specimen.
PLATE XL
FIG. 1. Melanoplus flavescens. San Diego, California. (U.S.N.M.)
2. Melanoplus pictus. Bradshaw Mountain, Arizona (L. Bruner).
3. Melanoplus bowditchi. Pueblo, Colorado. From a type specimen.
4. Melanoplus flavidus. Morrison, Colorado. From a type specimen.
5. Melanoplus elongatus. Bledos, Mexico.
6. Melanoplus nlaucipes. Dallas, Texas.
7. Melanoplus bruneri. Fort McLeod, Alberta (L. Bruner).
8. Melanoplus kennicottii. Yukon River, Alaska. From a type specimen.
9. Melanoplus excelsus. Mount Lincoln, Colorado.
10. Melanoplus utahensis. Salt Lake Valley, Utah. (U.S.N.M.) From the type
specimen. The central figure shows the tip of the supraanal plate from
behind.
PLATE XII.
FIG. 1. Melanoplus alaslcanus. Alaska (U.S.N.M.).
2. Melanoplus affinis. Salt Lake Valley, Utah (L. Bruner). From a type speci-
men.
3. Melanoplus intermedius. White River, Colorado.
4. Melanoplus intermedius. Yellowstone (L. Bruner).
5. Melanoplus bilituratus. Vancouver Island, British Columbia (U.S.N.M.).
> Melanoplus defecta s. Colorado (L. Bruner).
7. Melanoplus ail anis. Salt Lake Valley, Utah.
- Melanoplus spretu*. Salt Lake Valley, Utah.
Melanoplus diminutus. Monterey, California.
i>. Melanoplus consanguiueus. Sou'ora County, California (U.S.N.M.).
PLATE XIII.
]. Melanoplus sierranus. Truckee, California.
Melanoplus ater. San Francisco, California (L. Bruner).
3. Melanoplus devastator obscurus. California (L. Bruner).
'"C. Melanoplus devastator obscurus. Sissons, California.
~. Melanoplus devastator typicalis. Tighes Station, San Diego County, Cali-
fornia.
4" 1 ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL.XX.
Melanoplus devastator affinis. California (S. Henshaw).
Melanoplus devastator conspicuus. Sacramento, California (U.S.N.M.).
Melanoplus virgatus. Sacramento, California (U.S.N.M.).
Melanoplus uniformis. Sacramento County, California (U.S.N.M.).
Melanoplus angelicus. Los Angeles, California (U.S.N.M.).
PLATE XIV.
FIG. 1. Melanoplus impudicus. Georgia.
2. Melanoplm nitidus. Tepic, Mexico (L. Bruner).
3. Melanoplus ariclus. Arizona (L. Bruner).
4. Melanoplus indigens. Salmon City, Idaho (L. Bruner).
5. Melanoplm scudderi. Lexington, Kentucky.
6. Melanoplus scudderi. Dallas, Texas.
7. Melanoplus gillettei. Rabbit's Ear Pass. Colorado (C. P. Gillette).
8. Melanoplus artemisiae. Salmon City, Idaho. From a type specimen.
9. Melanoplus mancus. Speckled Mountain, Maine.
10. Melanoplus cancri. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California.
PLATE XV.
FIG. 1. Melanoplus reflexus. Valle del Maiz, Mexico.
2. Melanoplus meridionalis. Mount Alvarez, Mexico.
3. Melanoplus militaris. Soldier, Idaho (L. Bruner).
4. Melanoplus nigrescens. Georgia. From the type specimen.
5. Melanoplus dawsoni tellustrls. Jefferson County, Iowa.
6. Melanoplus gladstoni. Medicine Hat, Assiniboia. From a type specimen.
7. Melanoplus p aimer i. Fort Whipple, Arizona.
8. Melanoplus montanus. Montana (L. Bruner).
9. Melanoplus washingtonianus. Colville Valley, Washington (Mtis. Comp.
Zool.). From a type specimen.
10. Melanoplus walshii. Michigan.
PLATE XVI.
I . 1. Melanoplus altitudinum. Sheridan, Wyoming.
2. Melanoplus gracilipes. San Diego, California.
3. Melanoplus geniculatus. Mexico.
1. Melanoplus rusticus. Texas. From the type specimen, the drawing fur-
nished by Doctor Aurivillius. (Mus. Stockh.)
n. Melanoplus pacificus. Sissons, California. From the type specimen.
. Melanoplus borckii. Mariii County, California.
. Melanoplus tenuipennis. Los Angeles, California (L. Bruner).
<. Melanoplus missionum. Los Angeles County, California (U.S.N.M.).
'}. Melanoplus fusdpes. San Luis Obispo, California.
10. Melanoplus scitulus. Mount Alvarez, Mexico.
PLATE XVII.
FIG. 1. Melanoplus flabellatus. Dallas, Texas. From a type specimen.
2. Melanoplus puer. Fort Reed, Florida. From a type specimen.
3. Melanoplus inorntus. Mexico ( ?). From a type specimen.
4. Melanoplus virimpes. Moline, Illinois.
5. Melanoplus decorus. Dingo Bluff, North Carolina.
6. Melanoplus attenuatus. Smithville, North Carolina.
7. Melanoplus amplectens. Bee Spring, Kentucky (Mus. Comp. Zool.).
8. Melanoplus saltator. Portland, Oregon.
9. Melanoplus rotundipennis. Florida. From the type specimen.
10. Melanoplus obovatipennis. Indiana.
NO. 1124. RE VISION OF THE MELANOPLISC UDDER. 411
PLATE XVIII.
FIG. 1. Melanoplus juvencus. Fort Reed, Florida.
2. Melanoplus fasciatus curtus. Salmonier, Newfoundland.
3. Melanoplus fasciatus curtus. Colorado.
4. Melanoplus fasciatus rotations. Charlevoix, Michigan (L. Bruner).
5. Melanoplus borealis. Labrador, latitude 59.
6. Melanoplus alleni. Crawford County, Iowa.
7. Melanoplus snoivii. Magdalena, New Mexico (Univ. KauB.).
8. Melanoplus pi umbeus. Colorado.
9. Melanoplus propinquus. Fort Eeed, Florida.
10. Melanoplus extremus junius. Jackson, New Hampshire.
PLATE XIX.
FIG. 1. Melanoplus femur rulrum. Williamstowu, Massachusetts.
2. Melanoplus femur rubrum. Dallas, Texas. From a type of Caloptenus devo-
rator.
^(elanoplus femur rubrum. Salt Lake Valley, Utah. From a type of Melan-
oplus interior.
Welanoplus femur rubrum. Sissons, California.
Melanoplus moniicola. Sierra Blanca, Colorado.
ifelanoplus bispinosus. San Antonio, Texas (L. Bruner).
\felanoplus terminalis. Gulf Coast of Texas.
Melanoplus cyanipcs. Pasadena, California.
Melanoplus cinereus. Wallawalla, Washington. From a type specimen.
10. Melanoplus complanatipes. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California.
PLATE XX.
FIG. 1. Melanoplus canonicus. Grand Canyon of the Colorado, Arizona (L. Bruner).
2. Melanoplus comptus. Sidney, Nebraska (L. Bruner).
3. Mtlanoplus coccineipes. Sand Hills, Nebraska.
4. Melanoplus coccineipes. Barber County, Kansas (L. Bruner).
5. Melanoplus coccineipes. Colorado.
6. Melanoplus angustipennis. Fort Robinson, Nebraska (L. Bruner).
7. Melanoplus impiger. Barber County, Kansas (L. Bruner).
8. Melanoplus impiger. Dallas, Texas.
9. Melanoplus foedus. Pueblo, Colorado. From a type specimen.
10. Melanoplus corpulent us. Sierra de San Miguelito, Mexico.
PLATE XXI.
FIG. 1. Melanoplus packardii. Dallas, Texas. (Specimen with blue hind tibiae.)
2. Melanoplus packardii. West Point, Nebraska (L. 'Bruner). (Specimen with
blue hind tibiae.)
3. Melanoplus packardii. Soda Springs, Idaho (L. Bruner). (Specimen with
red hind tibiae.)
4. Melanoplus packardii. Poudre River, Colorado (L. Bruner). (Specimen
with blue hind tibiae.)
">. Melanoplus conspersus. Southwest Nebraska (L. Bruner).
i. Melanoplus compactus. Dakota (U.S. N.M.). From a type specimen.
7. Melanoplus dumicola. Texas. From a type specimen.
>/ Melanoplus variabilis. City of Mexico. From a type specimen.
, 9. Melanoplus lepidus. Truckee, California.
10. Melanoplus blatchleyi. (Locality unknown '
PLATE XXII:
FIG. 1. Melanoplus texanus. Texas. From a type specimen. %
2. Melanoplus plebejus. Dallas, Texas. From a type specimen of Pezotettix
pupaeformis.
412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XX.
Fit;. 3. Melanoplus gracilis. Dallas County, Jowa.
1. Melanoplus inops. Florida (L. Bruner).
5. Melanoplus marginatus. Southern California. From a type specimen.
6. Melanoplus paroxyoides. Key West, Florida.
7. Melanoplus alpinus. Henry Lake, Idaho (U.S.N.M.). The central figure
represents the posterior view of the subgenital plate.
8. Melanoplus infantilis. South Park, Colorado. From a type specimen.
9. Melanoplus minor. Crawford County, Iowa.
10. Melanoplus confusus. Munson's Hill [Kentucky ?] (Mus. Comp. Zool.).
PLATE XXIII.
FIG. 1. Melanoplus keeleri. North Carolina. From a type specimen of Melanoplus
tenebrosus.
2. Melanoplus deletor. Georgia.
3. Melanoplus differ entialis. Agua Calieute, California.
4. Melanoplus differentialis. Pueblo, Colorado.
5. Melanoplus robustus. Dallas, Texas. From a type specimen.
6. Melanoplus collinus. Provincetown, Massachusetts.
7. Melanoplus lUridus. Nebraska.
PLATE XXIV.
FIG. 1. Melanoplus viola. Illinois. From a type specimen.
2. Melanoplus clypeatus. Georgia. From a type specimen.
3. Melanoplus furcatus. Jacksonville, Florida (L. Bruner).
4. Melanoplus femoratus. Massachusetts.
5. Melanoplus bivittatus. Dallas, Texas.
PLATE XXV.
FIG 1. Melanoplus thomasi. Lerdo, Mexico (L. Bruner). From a type specimen.
2. Melanoplus yarrowii. Grand Junction, Colorado (C. P. Gillette).
3. Melanoplus olivaceus. Los Angeles, California (L. Bruner). From a type
specimenT
4. Melanoplus punctulatus. Ellenville, New York.
5. Melanoplus arborens. Dallas, Texas.
6. Phoetaliotes nebrascensis nebrascensis. Dallas, Texas.
7. Phoetaliotes nebrascensis volucris. Dallas, Texas.
8. Paroxya atlantica. San ford, Florida.
9. Paroxya hoosieri. Indiana.
10. Paroxya floridana. Fort Eeed, Florida.
PLATE XXVI.
FIG. !. Poecilotettix picticornis. Arizona (L. Bruner).
'. Poecilotettix sanguineus. Bradshaw Mountain, Arizona (L. Bruner.)
3. Poecilotettix coccinatus. Los Angeles, California (U.S.N.M.).
i. Oedaleonotus enigma jucundus. Agua Caliente, California. From a type
specimen of Pezotettix jucundus.
5. Oedaleonotus enigma enigma. Santa Barbara, California. From a type speci-
men of Pezoteltix enigma.
6. Oedaleonotus enigma collaris. Tipton, California. From a type specimen of
Melanoplus collaris.
7. Asemoplus montanus. Montana.
8. Philocleon nigrovittatus. Comancho, Mexico (L. Bruner).
9. Philocleon nigrovittatus. Mexico. From a type specimen, the drawing
obtained through Doctor Aurivillius. (Mus. Stockh.)
10. Aptenopedes sphenarioides . Fort Reed, Florida. From a type specimen.
11. Aptenopedes rufovittata. Fort Reed, Florida. From a type specimen.
12. Aptenopedes aptera. Jacksonville, Florida. (U.S.N.M.)
INDEX.
Page.
abditum (Melanoplus) 227
(Pezotettix) 227,403
aberrans ( Paradichroplus) 40G
accola (Cyelocercus) 38
Acridimn aegyptium : 96
aeneooculatum 405
bivittatum 364
(Caloptenus) bivittatum 360, 364
(Caloptenus) femora turn 360
(Caloptenus) femur rubrum . . . 279
crassipes 406
differentiate 350, 403
fasciatum 267
femorale 278, 403
femur rubrum 278,403
flavovittatum 360,403
frontalis 66,404
hudsonium 360
(Locusta) leucostomum 287
milberti 360, 404
( Opsomala ) bi vittat urn 363
(Podisma) arrogans 406 j
(Podisma) borckii 243, 403
(Podisma) cliens 406
(Podisma) fraternum 406
(Podisma) lemniscatum 406
(Podisma) patruele 406
pulchellum 116
spretis 185,405
strobelii 406
vittigerum 406
-Acrydiumapterum 116
pedestre 116
sanguineipes 405
acutipennis ( Campy lacantha) 50, 403
(Hypochlora) 50
(Pezotettix) 50,403
aeneooculatum ( Acridium) 405
Aeoloplus 5,11,68
arizonensis 70,78
californicus 69, 73
chenopodii 69, 74
elegans 69, 71
oculatus 70, 79
plagosus '- 69,76,404
regalis 69,71,404
tennipennis 69,70
turnbulli 69,75,405 '
uniformis 70,77 I
affiliatus (Caloptenus) 355 j
(Pezotettix) 355 j
affinis (Melanoplus) 171, 19
(Melanoplus devastator) 199
Aidemona... 4,10,44
Page.
Aidemona azteca 45,403
alaskanus (Melanoplus) 169
alba (Hypochlora) 47, 403
(Pezotettix) 47,403
alleni (Melanoplus) 273
alpicola (Pezotettix) 117
alpina (Podisma) 116
(Podisma alpina) 116
alpinus (Gryllus) 116
(Melanoplus) 333
(Pezotettix) lie
altitudinum (Melanoplus) 236, 404
(Pezotettix) 236
amoenus (Dichroplus) 406
(Pezotettix) 406
amplectens (Melanoplus) 260
ampins (Melanoplus marginatus) 330
angelicus (Melanoplus) 202
angustipennis (Caloptenns) 305,403
(Melanoplus) 305, 403
(Pezotettix) 22
(Phaedrotettix) 22
antisanae (Pezotettix) 406
Aptenopedes 5,14,398
aptera 399, 402, 403
rufovittata 399, 401, 405
sphenarioides 309, 400, 405
aptera (Aptenopedes) ... 402, 403
apterum (Acrydium* 116
apterus (Pezotettix) 396
arboreus (Melanoplus) 372
arcticus (Caloptenus} 270, 403
(Melanoplus) 270
aridus (Melauoplus) 209, 403
(Pezotettix) 209,403
arizonae (Melanoplus) 340, 403
arizonensis ( Aeoloplus)
arkansana (Pezotettix) 309
arrogans (Acridium Podisma) . 406
(Dichroplus) 406
(Pezotettix) 406
(Pezotettix Dichroplus) 406
artemisiae (Melanoplus) 217
(Pezotettix) 217
ascensor (Pod isma) 107
Asemoplns 5, 14, 394
niontanus 394,404
aspirans (Pezotettix) 105, 403
ater (Melanoplus) 194
atlanis (Caloptenus) 178, 280, 403
(Melanoplus) 171, 172, 178, 179, 403, 405
(Pezotettix) 179
iUlanti.-a (Paroxya) 382,403
atlanticus (Pezotettix) 383
413
414
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XX.
atlantis (Caloptenns) .
(Melanoplus)
Atrachelacris
unicolor . . .
attenuatus (Melanoplus) .
Page.
178
178
4
406
259
autumnalis (Pezotettix) 378, 403
azteca ( Aidemona) 45, 403
(Platyphyma) 45
aztecum (Platyphyraa) 403
aztecus (Pezotettix) 45
baldensis (Pezotettix) 114
(Podisma) 114
Barytettix 4,10,27
crassus 27,28
peninsulae 27, 28
behrensii (Sinaloa) 40
bergii (Dichroplus) 406
(Pezotettix) 406
bicolor (Dichroplns) 406
bilituratus (Caloptenus) 163, 174, 179, 403
(Melanoplus) 163, 174, 403, 405, 406
bipunctatus (Paradichroplus) 406
bispinosus (Melanoplus) 292
bistrigata (Cyclocercus) 37
bivittatum (Acridium) - 364
(Acridium Caloptenus) 360, 364
(Acridium Opsomala) 363
bivittatus (Caloptenus) 360, 363
(Gryllus) 363, 403
(Melanoplus) 360,363,864,403,405
(Pezotettix) 364
blatchleyi (Melanoplus) 322, 404
bohemani (Pezotettix) 105, 403
borekii (Acridium Podisma) 243, 403
(Melanoplus) 243,403
(Pezotettix) 243,261
(Podisma) 243
borealis (Caloptenus) 270,403
(Melanoplus) 267, 270, 403, 405
(Pezotettix) 98,267,403
borellii (Paradichroplus) 406
bowditcbi ( Melanoplus) 157, 403
Bradynotes 5,6,11,80
caurus 81, 83
expleta 81,84
hispida 81,404
montanus 394, 404
obesa 81,87,404
opimus 83,87,404
pinguis 81, 85
referta 81 , 88
satur 81,89
brevipeunis (Hesperotettix) 63, 403
(Ommatolampis) 63, 403
bruneri (Melanoplus) 164
brunneri (Paradichroplns) 406
(Paratylotropidia) 118
caeruleipes (Melanoplus atlanis) 179
(Melanoplus spretus) 185
Caleoptenus flavolineatus 393, 403, 405
californicns ( Aeoloplus) 73
Calliptamus sanguineipes 405
Caloptenus affiliatus 355
angustipennis 305, 403
arcticus 270,272,403
Page.
Caloptenus atlauis 178, 280, 403
atlantis 178
bilituratus 163, 174, 179, 403
bivittatus 360, 363
borealis 270, 403
cinereus 296
clypeatus 357,403
deleter 343, 403
devastator 196
devorator 279, 403
differentials 349
dodgei 105, 403
extremns 287, 290, 403
fasciatns 267, 270, 309, 403
f emorat us 360, 403
femur rubrum 178, 278, 285
navolineatus 391
floridamis 383
floridianus 383, 403
glaucipes 161, 404
griseus 374, 404
helluo 374, 404
(Hesperotettix) picticornis... 386,404
junius 287
keeleri 341,404
lurida 404
luridus 344
(Melanoplus) bilituratus 163, 174
( Melanoplus) femoratus 360
(Melanoplus) femur rubrum . . 280
(Melanoplus) parvus 287
mexicanus 19, 404
minor 303, 337, 404
nigrescens 225, 404
occidentals 145, 306, 308, 337, 404
parvus 287, 404
plumbum 276, 404
ponderosus 354, 355, 404
punctulatus 374, 404
regalis 71,404
repletus 404,405
robustus 354, 404
sanguinocephalus 378, 405
sanguinolentus 280, 405
scriptus 405,406
selectus 405, 406
spretus 178, 184
turnbulli 75, 405
viridis 57,405
volucris 378, 405
yarrowii 369, 405
Campylacantba 4, 5, 10, 48
acutipennis 50, 403
olivacea 50, 51, 404
similis 50, 52
vivax 50, 52, 405
cancri (Melanoplus) 219
canonicus (Melanoplus) 300
caurus (Bradynotes) 83
cenchri (Melanoplus) 158,403
Cephalotettix 4,10,30
parvulus 31
I chenopodii (Aeoloplus) 74
(Pezotettix) 74
Chrysochraon dispar 96
NO. 1124.
KEVISION OF THE MELAXOPLISCVDDER.
415
Page.
cinereus (Caloptenus) 296
(Melauoplus) 296,403
cliens (Acridium Podisma) 406
(Dichroplus) 406
(Pezotettix) 406
(Pezotettix Dichroplus) 406
clypeatus (Caloptenus) 357, 403
(Melanoplus) 357, 403
cobellii (Pezotettix) .' 113
(Podisma) 113
coccinatus (Poecilotettix) 389
coccineipes (Melanoplus) 303
collaris ( Melanoplus) 391, 403
(Oedaleonotus enigma) 391
collina (Podisma alpina) 116
collinus (Melanoplus) 346, 403
compactus (Melanoplus) 316
complanatipes (Melanoplus) 298
completus (Melanoplus dawsoni) 227, 229
compressus (Pbaulotettix) 30
comptus (Melanoplus) 302
Conalcaea 4, 9, 23
miguelitana 24
neomexicana 24, 26
truncatipennis 24, 25
concinnus (Rhabdotettix) 33
confusus (Melanoplus) 339
consanguineus (Melanoplus) 192
conspersus (Melauoplus) 315
conspicuus (Melauoplus devastator) 199
coralliuus (Poepedetes) 403,405
corpulentus (Melanoplus) 313
costae (Pezotettix) 113
(Podisma) 113
crassipes (Acridium) 406
crassus (Barytettix) 28
cuneatus (Melanoplus) 147
curtipennis (Hesperotettix) 62
curtus (Melanoplus) 267, 403
(Melanoplus fasciatus) 268, 270
cyauipes (Melanoplus) 295
Cyclocercus 4, 10, 36
accola 37, 38
bistrigata 37
valga 37, 39
Cyrtacanthacris differentialis 350
Dactylotum longipennis 387
pictum 403, 404
variegatum 405
dairisama (Podisma) 114
dawsoni (Melanoplus) 227, 403, 405
(Pezotettix) 227, 403
decorus (Melanoplus) 257
defectus (Melanoplus) 177
deletor (Caloptenus) 343, 403
(Melanoplus) 343, 403
Dendrotettix 5,6,12,91
longipeunis 92, 404
longipennis quercus 92
quercus 6, 92, 404
devastator (Caloptenus) 196
(Melanoplus) . 178, 196, 199, 201, 303, 403
devorator (Caloptenus) 279, 403
(Melanoplus) 280
Dichroplus 4
Page.
Dichroplus amoenus 406
arrogans 406
bergii 406
bicolor 406
cliens 406
distinguendus 406
elongatus 406
exilis 406
f uscus 406
lemniscatus 406
patruelis 406
peruvianus 406
punctulatus 406
robustulus 406
differentiale (Acridium) 350,403
differentialis (Caloptenus) 349
(Cyrtacauthacris) 350
(Melanoplus) 349, 350, 403
(Pezotettix) 350
diminutus (Melanoplus) 190
discolor (Melanoplus) 149, 403
(Pezotettix) 149,403
distinguendus (Dichroplus) 406
dodgei (Caloptenus) 105,403
(Pezotettix) 105,107
(Podisma) 105,403
dumicola (Melanoplus) 318,403
dumicolus (Pezotettix) 318,403
edax (Pezotettix) 860,403
(Podisma) 300
elegans ( Aeoloplus) 71
elongatus ( Dichroplus) 406
(Melanoplus) 160
enigma (Oedaleonotus) 391, 403, 404
(Oedaleonotus enigma) 391
(Pezotettix) 391,403
Eotettix 5,11,53
signatus 54
ery thropus (Gryllus) 278
(Gryllus Locusta) 278,403
Eupodisma 12
prironoa 1 17
Euprepocnemis uebrascensis 378
<K cidentalis 330
excelsus (Melanoplus) 166
exilis (Dichroplus) 406
expleta (Bradynotes) 84
extremus (Caloptenus) 287, 403
( M.'lanoplus) ' 164, 287, 403, 404
fasciatum (Acridium) 267
fasciatus (Caloptenus) 267. 309, 403
(Melanoplus) 267, 403, 404
fauriei (Pezotettix) 405
femorale (Acridium) 278,403
femoratuui (Acridium Caloptemis) 360
femoratus (Caloptenus) 360, 403
(Calopteuus Melanoplus) 360
(Melanoplus) 360, 403, 404, 405
(Melanoplus bivittatus) 360
femur rubrum (Acridium) 278,403
(Acridium Caloptenus) ... 279
(Caloptenus) 178, 278, 285
(CalopteniiH Mclnnoplus) . 280
(Gryllus Acridium) 278
(Melanoplus) . . 278, 279, 403, 404, 405
416
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XX.
Page.
femur rubrum (Pezotettix) 280
(Pezotettix Melanoplus) . . 279
festivus (Hesperotettix) 60
fieberi (Podisma) 115
flabellatus (Melanoplus) 251, 403
(Pezotettix) 251,403
flabellifer (Melanoplus) 148, 403
flavesceus (Melanoplus) 155
flavidus (Melanoplus) 158, 403
flavoannulatus (Melanoplus) 391
(Pezotettix) 403
flavolineatus (Caleoptenus) 393, 403, 405
(Caloptenus) 391
flavovittata (Locusta) 360
flavovittatum ( Acridium) 360, 403
floridana (Paroxya) 383, 403, 404
floridanus (Caloptenus) 383
floridianus (Caloptenus) 383, 403
foedus (Melanoplus) 311,404
fraternum (Acridium Podisma) 406
frigida (Podisma) 117
frigidum (Podisma) 116,117
frigidus (Gryllus) 117
(Melanoplus) 117
(Pezotettix) 117
frontalis (Acridium) 66,404
furcatus (Melanoplus) 358
fuscipes (Melanoplus) 247
(Pezotettix) 247
fuscus (Dichroplus) 406
(Gryllus) 406
(Pezotettix Trigonophymus) 406
fusiformis (Netrosoma) 17
geniculatus (Melauoplus) 239
gillettei (Melanoplus) 215
glacialis (Pezotettix) 98, 101, 404
(Podisma) 98, 404
gladstoni (Melanoplus) 229
glaucipes (Caloptenus) 161, 404
(Melanoplus) 161,404
gracilipes (Melanoplus) 238
(Pezotettix) 238
gracilis (Melanoplus) 327, 404
(Pezotettix) 327,404
griseus (Caloptenus) 374, 404
(Melanoplus) 374
gronlandicus ( Gry llns) 270
Gryllus alpinus 116
bivittatus '. 363, 403
ery thropus 278
frigidus 117
fuscus 406
gronlandicus 270
(Locusta) ery thropus 278, 403
(Locusta) femur -rubrum 278
pedestris ...* 97,116
punctulatus 406
Gymnoscirtetes 4, 5, 9, 14
pusillus 15
helluo (Caloptenus) 374, 404
(Melanoplus) 374
(Pezotettix) 374
herbaceus (Melanoplus) 153, 404
Hesperotettix 5,6,11,55
brevipennis 56, 63, 403
Page.
Hesperotettix curtipennis 56, 62
festivus 56, 60
meridionalis 56, 59
montanus 57
pacific us 56, 61
pratensis 5, 56, 64
speciosus 56, 66, 404, 405
viridis 7, 56, 60, 63, 64, 78, 405
hispida (Bradynotes) 81, 404
bispidus (Pezotettix) 81, 404
hoosieri (Paroxya) 382. 404
(Pezotettix) 382,404
budsonium (Acridium) 360
humphreysii (Melanoplus) 206, 404
(Pezotettix) 200, 207, 209, 404
Hypochlora 4, 5, 10, 46, 48
acutipeunis 50
alba 47, 403
speciosa 66
impiger (Melanoplus) 306
impudica (Scotussa) 406
impudicus (Melanoplus) 204
indigens (Melanoplus) 211
infantilis (Melanoplus) 335, 404
inops (Melanoplus) 329
inornatus (Melanoplus) 254
(Pezotettix) 254
interior (Melauoplus) 280, 404
intermedius (Melanoplus) 172
jucundus (Oedaleonotus enigma) 391
(Pezotettix) 391,404
j unius (Calopten vis) 287
(Melanoplus) 287
(Melanoplus extremus) 288, 289
(Pezotettix) 287, 404
juvencus (Melanoplus) 266
keeleri (Calopteuus) 341, 404
(Melanoplus) 341,404.405
kennicottii (Melanoplus) 163, 404
lakinus (Melanoplus) 141, 404
(Pezotettix) 141,404
lemniscatum ( Acridium Podisma) 406
lemniscatus (Dichroplus) 406
(Pezotettix) 406
(Pezotettix Dichroplus) 406
lepidus (Melanoplus) 321
leucostoma (Locusta) 287. 40-i
leucostomum (Acridium Locusta) 287
Locusta flavovittata 360
leucostoma 287, 290, 404
longicornis ( Pezotettix) 264, 404
(Podisma) 264
longipennis (Dactylotum) 387
(Dendrotettix) 92,404
lurida (Caloptenus) 403
luridus (Calopteuus) 344
(Melanoplus) 344, 404
manca (Pezotettix) 218, 404
(Podisma) 218
mancus (Melanoplus) 218, 404
marculentus (Melanoplus) 139
(Pezotettix) 139
marginatus (Melanoplus) 330, 404
(Pezotettix) 330. 404
marshalHi (Pezotettix) 105, 108, 236, 404
NO. 1124.
REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCVDDER.
417
Page.
marshallii ( Podisma) 108, 404
mrgac epliala (IV/.otettix) 377,404
Melanopli 3
Melaiioplus 4,5,6,13,120
ubditmn 227
affinis 132,171,106
alaskanus 132,169
alleni 129,273
alpinus 137,333
altitudinum 127,236,404
amplecteiis 128, 260
angelicu.s 133, 202
angustipeimis 136, 305, 403
arboreus 139,372
arcticus 270
arid us 125,209,403
arizonae 137, 340, 403
arteiuisiae 125, 217
ater 133,194
atlauis 5,
132, 171, 172, 178, 179, 284, 403, 405
atlanis caeruleipes 179
atlaiitis 178
attenualus 128,259
bilituratus . . . 132, 163, 174, 403, 405, 406
bispinosus 135, 202
bivittatns. 5, 138, 360, 363, 364, 403, 405
bivittatus femoratus 360
blatcbley i ... 129, 322, 404
borckii 127,243,403
borealis 6, 134, 267, 270, 403, 405
bowditchi 131, 157, 403
bruneri 132,164
cancr i 126, 219
canonicus 135, 300
cencbri 158, 403
cinerens 5, 135, 296, 403
clypeatus 138, 357, 403
coccineipes 136,303
collaris 391, 403
collhms 138, 346, 403
compartuH 136, 310
eomplanatipea 135, 2. 8
com plus 136, 302
conf URUS 137, 331)
consanguineus 133, 102
conspi rsus 136, 3 1 5
eorpulentus 136, 313
cuneatus 130, 147
curtus 267, 403
cyanides 135, 295
dawsoni 5, 0, 126, 134, 227, 403, 405
daw son i complotus 227, 229
dawsoni tellustris 227, 218
decorus 128,257
(k-ffctus 132,177
deleter 137, 343, 403
devastator. 133,
178, 196, 199, 201, 303, 403
devastator affinis 199
devastator conspicuus 199
devastator obscurus 198
devastator typicalis 199
dcvorator 2.80,281
Proc. X. M. vol. xx -7
Page.
Melanoplus differentialis 5, 138, 349, 350, 403
diminutus 133, 190
discolor 124, 149,403
damicola l'J9, :;1H, 403
elongatus 131,160
excelsus ] 32, 166
extremus 5,
6, 135, 164,283,287,40:!, 404
extremus junius 288, 289
extreinus scandens 288, 289
fasciatns 5, 6, 129, 134, 267, 403, 404
fasciattis curtus 268, 270
fasciatus volaticus 268, 270
femoratus 5 t
138, 360, 364, 367, 403, 404, 405
femur rubruni 5,
6, 134, 278, 279, 403, 405
flabellatus 128,251,403
flabellifer 5, 130, 148, 403
flavescens 131,155
flavidus 131,158,403
liavoannuhitus 391
foedus 136, 3 11, 404
frigidus 117
furcatns 138,358
fuscipes 128, 247
geniculatus 127, 239
gillettei 125,215
gladstoni 6. 134, 229
glaucipes 131,161,404
gracilipcs 127, 238
gracilis 130,327,404
griseus '. 374
belluo 374
berbaceus 131,153,404
bumpbreysii 125,206,404
impiger 136,306
imimdicue 133,204
indigens 125, 211
infantilis 137,335,404
inops 130,329
inornatus 128,254
interior 280,283,404
intermedius 132,172
junius 287
juvencus 129, 266
keeleri 137, 341, 404, 405
keimicottii 131,163,404
lakinus 124, 141
lepidus 129, 321
luridus 5,137,344,404
maucuR 126,218,404
marculentus 124, 139
marginatus 6, 130, 137, 330, 404
marginatus ampins 330
marginatus pauper 330
meridionals 1'J'VJ. 1 :
militaris 126,221
minor 5,137,337,401
missionum l-~ -!''>
modeatns . 163
montanus 127,232,404
montirula 102, 13.' _
nigrescens 126, 225, 404, 405
418
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Page.
Melanoplus nitidus 125, 207
obovatipennis 129, 264, 404
occidentals 130, 145, 148, 404, 405
olivaceus 139, 370
paciflcus 127,241,404
packardii 5, 136, 309, 403, 404
packardii rufipes 309
palmeri 134, 230
paroxyoides C, 133, 331
parvus 287
pictus 131, 156
plebejus 130, 326, 404
plumbeus 134, 276, 404
ponderosus 354
propinquus 134, 285
puer 128, 252, 404
punctulatus 5, 139, 374, 404
rectus 267, 404
reflexus 126, 221
regalis 71
rileyanus 125, 151
robustus 138,354,404
rotundipennis 123, 263, 404
rusticus 127, 240, 405
saltator 129, 261
scitulus 128,249
scriptus 174
scudderi 5, 125, 212, 405
sierranus 133, 193
simplex 124, 150
snowii 129,274
sonorae 124, 143
spretus 5, 132, 184, 185, 393, 405
spretus caeruleipes 185
tenebrosus 341,405
tenuipennis 127, 244
terminalis 135, 293
texanus 130,324,405
thomasi 138,368
tnrnbulli 75
uniformis 133,201
utabensis 132,167
variabilis 129,319
variolosus 145, 405
viola 138,355,405
virgatus 13:,', 199
viridipes 128,255
walsbii 127,235
washingtonianus 127, 233, 405
yarrowii 139,369,405
mendax (Pezotettix) 115
meridionalis (Hesperotettix) 59
(Melanoplus) 223
mexicana (Pezotettix) 404, 405
mexicanum (Platypbyma) 19, 404
mexicanus (Caloptenus) 19, 404
(Paradicbroplus) 19, 404
miguelitana (Conalcaea) 24
mikado (Pezotettix) 405
milberti ( Acridium) 360, 404
militaris (Melanoplus) 224
mimica (Paraidemona) 43
minor (Caloptenus) 303, 337, 404
(Melanoplus) 337, 404
minutipennie (Pezotettix) 327, 404
Page.
missionum (Melauoplus) 246
modestus (Melanoplus) 163
montana (Platyphyma) 232, 290, 404
montanus ( Asemoplu.s) 394, 404
(Bradynotes) 394,404
(Hesperotettix) 57
(Melauoplus) 232, 404
monticola (Melanoplus) 102, 290
nebrascensis (Eu prepocuemis) 378
(Pezotettix) 377, 404
(Phoetaliotes) 377, 403, 404, 405
(Phoetaliotesuebrasccnsis). 377, 378
neomexicana (Conalcaea) 26
Netrosoma 4, 9. 16
fusiformis 17
nigropleura 17, 18
nigrescens (Caloptenus) 225, 404
(Melanoplus) 225, 404, 405
(Pezotettix) 225
nigropleura (Netrosoma) 18
(Pezotettix) 18
nigrovittatus (Pezotettix) 396, 404
( Pbilocleon) 396, 404
nitidus (Melanoplus) 207
nubicola (Podisma) 102
nudus (Pezotettix) 42,404
ol/r-sa (Bradynotes) 87, 404
(Pezotettix) 404
obesus (Pezotettix) 87
(Scopas) 406
obovatipennis (Melanoplus) 264, 404
(Pezotettix) 204, 404
obscurus ( Melanoplus devastator) 198
occidentals (Caloptenus) 145, 337, 404
(Euprepoejiemis) 330
(Melanoplus) 145, 1 48, 404, 405
(Pezotettix) 322. 404
oculatus ( Aeoloplus) 79
Oedaleonotus 5. 6, 14, 390
enigma 5, 391, 403, 404
enigma collaris 391, 405
enigma enigma 391
enigma jucundus 391
olivacea (Campylacantba) 51, 404
(Pezotettix) 404
olivaceus (Melanoplus) 370
(Pezotettix) 31, 51
Ommatolampis brevipennis 63, 403
viridis 57,64
opiums (Bradynotes) 83, 87, 404
oregonensis (Pezotettix) 1 10, 404
(Podisma) 110,404
pacificus (Hesperotettix) 6jl
(Melanoplus) 241,404
(Pezotettix) 241,404
packardii (Melanoplus) 309, 403, 404
palmeri (Melanoplus) 230
(Rhabdotettix) 34
Pamphagus 96
parabilis( Pezotettix) 217
Paradicbroplus 4, 9, 18
aberrans 406
bipunctatus 406
borellii 406
brunneri 406
NO. 1124.
nr.l'ISION OF THE MELANOrLISCUDDER.
419
Paradichroplusinexicanus 19, 404
varicolor 19, 21, 405
Paraidemona 10, 32, 41
mimica 42, 43
pilosa 35
punctata 42, 404
Parat ylotropidia - % 5, 12, 117
brunneri 118
sp 120
parnassica (Podisma) 113
parnassicus (Pezotettix) 113
Paroxya 5,6,13,380
atlantiea 381, 382, 383, 403
tioridana 5, 7, 381, 383, 403, 404
Horidana texana 384
hoosieri 381, 382, 404
recta 383.404
paroxyoides (Melanoplus) 331
parvulus (Cephalotettix) 31
(Pezotettix) 31
parvus (Caloptenus) 287, 404
(Caloptenus Melanoplus) 287
(Melanoplus) . 287
patruele (Acridium Podisma) 406
patruelis (Dichroplus) 406
(Pezotettix) 406
(Pezotettix Dichroplus) 406
pauper (Melanoplus marginatus) 330
pedemontana (Podisma) 112
pedemontanus (Pezotettix) 112
pedestre (Acrydium) 116
pedestris (Gryllus) 116
(Pezotettix) 116
(Podisma) 116
Pedies virescens 405, 406
IVl.-cyclus 96
peninsulae (Barytettix) 28
peruvianus (Dichroplus) 406
(Pezotettix) 406
Pezotettiges 3
Pezotettix 3,18,94,96,97
ahditum 227, 403
acntipennis 50, 403
afliliatus 355
alba 47,403
alpicola 117
alpinus 116
altitudinum 236
amoenus 406
angustipennis 22
antisanae 406
apterus 396
aridus 209,403
arkansana 309
406
217
aspirans 105, 403
atlanis 179
atlanticus 3H3
autumnalis 378, 403
aztecus 45
baldensis 114
bergii 406
bivittatus 364
bohemani 105, 403
arrogaus
artemisiae
Pezotettix borckii 243, 261
borealis 98, 267, 403
chenopodii 74
cliens 406
cobellii 113
costae 113
dawsoni 227,403
(Dichroplus) arrogans 406
(Dichroplu-s) Hiens 406
(Dichroplus) lemuiscatus 406
(Dichroplus) patruelis 406
differentials 350
discolor 149, 403
dodgei 105, 107
dumicolus 318, 403
edax 360,403
enigma 391, 403
fauriei 405
femur rubrum 280
flabellatus 251, 403
flavoannulatus 403
frigidus 117
f uscipes 247
glacialis 98,101,404
gracilipes 238
gracilis.. 327,404
helluo 374
hispidus 81, 404
hoosieri 382, 404
humph reysii 206, 207, 209, 404
inornatus 254
jucundus 391,404
junius 287,404
lakinus 141,404
lemniscatus 406
longicornis 260, 264, 404
manca 218, 404
marc 1 1 lent u s 1 39
marginatus 330, 404
marshallii 105, 108, 236. 404
megacepbala 377, 404
(Melanoplus) borckii 243
(Melanoplus) femur rubrum . . 279
mendax 115
mexicana 404, 405
mikado 405
minutipennis 327, 404
nebrascensis 377. 404
nigrescens 225
nigropleura 18
nigrovittatus 396, 404
nudus 42, 404
obesa 404
obesus 87
obovatipennis 264,404
occidentals 322. 404
olivacea 404
olivaceus 31, 51
oregonensis 110, 404
pacificus 24 1, 404
parabilis. 217
parnassicus 113
parvulus 31
patruelis 406
pedemontanus 112
420
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XX.
Page.
P*otettix pedestris 96, 116
peruvianus 406
picta 404
pilosus 35, 404
plagosus 76, 404
plebejus 326,404
propinquus 235
puer 252, 266, 404
punctatua 42, 404
punctulatus 406
pupacformis 326. 404
pyrcnaer.a 114
rectus 383
rileyanus 151
robustulus 406
robustua 351
rotundipennis . . : 263, 264, 404
rubricrua 213
rusticua 240, 405
aalamandra 113, 114
sanguiuipes 230
schmidtii 115
.scudderi 212, 235 ; 236, 324, 405
septeiitrionalis 270, 405
signata 54
apeciosa 405
speciosua 66
spretus 135
stupefactus 104, 405
aumichrasti 364, 405
telluatria 227, 405
tenuipennis 244
texanus B24, 405
(Trigonopbyma) fuscus 406
unicolor 213,405
variabilia 319
varicolor 21, 405
variegatus 405
viola 322,355,405
virgatus 199
viridicrus 255
viridipes 255
viridis 57
viridulua 255
vivax 52, 405
washingtonianua 233, 405
zimmermanni 225, 405
Pbaedrotettix 4, 9, 22
anguatipennia
Phaulotettix 4, 10, 29
compresaua 30
Philocleon 4,14,396
nigrovittatua 396, 404
Pboetaliotea 5,6,13,376
nebrascensia ... 5, 6, 377, 403, 404, 405
nebraacenaia nebraacenaia.. 377, 378
nebraacensia volucria 378, 379
picta (Pezotettix) 404
picticornia (Caloptenua Heaperotettix) . . . 386, 404
(Poecilotettix) 386, 404
pictum (Dactylotum) 403, 404
pictua (Melanoplua) 156
pilosa (Paraidemona) 35
pilosua (Pezotettix) 35,404
(Rhabdotettix) 35, 404
pinguis (Bradynotea) 85
plagoaua (Aeoloplus) 76,404
(Pezotettix) 76,404
Platyphyma 96
azteca .'. 45
aztecum 403
Page.
Platyphyma giornae 96
mexicanum 19, 401
montaua 232, 290, 404
plebejua (Melanoplus) 326, 404
(Pezotettix) 326,404
plumbeua (Melanoplus) 276, 401
plum bum (Caloptenus) 276, 404
Podisma 5, 6, 12, 9 1
alpina 6. 112,116
alpina alpina 1 10
alpina collina 1H>
appulum 96
ascensor 98, 107
baldensia 112, 114
borckii 243
calabrum 96
campanula 96
cobellii 111,113
communia 90
costae Ill, 113
dairisama 112, 114
dodgei 98, 105, 403
edax 360
fieberi 112, 115
frigida 112,117
frigidum 116, 117
glacialis 97, 98, 101, 404
longicornia 264
manca 218
marshallii 98, 108, 404
nubicola 98. 102
oregonenaia 98, 110, 40 i
parnassica Ill, li:i
pedemontana 111. 11J
pedestria 112, 1 lt>
primnoa 112, 117
pyreuaea Ill, 114
salamandra 111,114
schmidtii . 112, 115
scudderi 213
septentrionalia 270
stupefacta 98, 104, 405
subalpinuin 116
variegata 97, 101
viridis 406
zimmermanni 225
Poecilotettix 5, 13, 385
coccinatua 386, 389
picticornia 386, 404
sanguineus 386, 387
Poepedetes corallinua 403, 405
pouderoaus (Caloptenus) 354, 404
(Melanoplua) 354
pratenais (Heaperotettix) 151
primnoa (Eupodisma) 117
(Podiama) 117
Primnoa viridis 117
propinquus {Melanoplua) 285
. (Pezotettix) 285
puer (Melanoplus) 252, 404
. (Pezotettix) 252, 266, 404
pulchellum ( Acridium) 116
punctata ( Paraidemona ) 42, 404
punctatua ( Tezotettix) 42, 401
punctulatus ( Caloptenus) 374, 404
(Dichroplua) 406
( Gryllua) 406
(Melanoplus) 374,404
(Pezotettix) 406
pupaeformia (Pezotettix) 326,404
puaillus (Gymnoacirtetes) 15
NO. 1124.
REVISION OF THE MELANOPLISCUDDER.
421
Page.
pyrenaea ( Podisma) H4
pyrenaeus ( I'ezotettix) 114
quercus (l)cndrotettix) 92,404
(Dendrotettix longipennis) 92
recta (Paroxva) 383, 404
ivctus(Mrlai)opliis) 267,404
(IV/otcttix) 383
retrrta ( Hrady notes)
retiexus ( Mclanoplus)
rejralis (Aeoloplus). ..-* 71,404
(Caloptenus) 71,404
(Melanoplus) 71
repletus (Caloptenus) 404,405
Khabuotettix 4,10.32
concinnus
palmer! 33,34
pilosus 33,35,404
rileyanus (Melanoplus)
(Pezotettix) 151
robustulus (I)ichroplus) 406
(Pezotettix)
robustus (Caloptenus) 354, 404
( \Telanoplus) 354. 404
(Pezotettix) 354
rotundipennis (Melanoplus) 263, 404
( Pezotettix) 263, 264, 404
rubricrus (Pezotettix) 213
rutipes (Melanoplus packardii) 309
rufovittata (Aptenopedes) 401, 405
240, 405
240, 405
113, 114
114
261
405
405
387
236
378, 405
280, 405
89
scandens (Melanoplus extremus) 288, 289
schmidtii (Pezotettix)
(Podisma)
scitulus (Melanoplus)
Scopas
obesua
Scotussa
impudica
scriptus (Caloptenua)
(Melanoplus).
rusticus (Melanoplus)
(Pezotettix)
salamandra (Pezotettix)
(Podisnia)
saltator (Melanoplus)
sanguineipes (Acrydium)
(Calliptamus)
sanguineus (Poecilot ettix)
sanguii.ipes (Pezotettix)
sauguinorephalus (Caloptenus)
sangninolentns (Caloptenus) . . .
satur (Bradynotes) .
4
406
405,406
1., 174
scudderi (Melanoplus) 212. 405
(Pezotettix) 212,235,324,405
(Podisma) 213
selectus (Caloptenus) 405, 406
septentrionalis (Melanoplus) 270
(Pezotettix) 270,405
sierranus (Melanoplus) 193
signata (Pezotettix) 54
sinatus (Eotettix) 54
similis (Campylacantha) 52
simplex (Melanoplus) 150
Sinaloa 4,10,40
behrensii 40
snowii (Melanoplus) 274
sonorae (Melanoplua) 143
specio8a(Hypocblora)... 66
(Pezotettix) 405
speciosns (Hesperotettix) 66, 404, 405
(Pezotettix) 66
Page.
spbenarioides ( Aptenopedes) 400, 405
spretis ( Acridium) 185. 405
spretus (Caloptenus) 178, 184
(Mi-lanoplus) 184, 185, 405
(Pezotettix) 185
Stenobotbrus parallelus 96
Stethophyma 96
strobelii (Acridium) 406
stupefacta (Podisma) 104, 405
stupefactus (Pezoiettix) 104,405
subalpinum (Podisma) 116
sunrchrasti (Pezotettix) 364,405
tellustris ( Melanoplus dawsoni) 227, 228
(Pezotettix)... .- 227,405
tenebrosus (Melanoplus) 341,405
teuuipennis (Aeoloplus) 70
(Melanoplus) 244
(Pezotettix) 244
terminals (Melanoplus) 293
texana (Paroxya floridaua) 384
406 j texanus (Melauoplus) 324,405
(Pezotettix) 324, 405
tbomasi (Melanoplus) 368
truncatipennis (Conalcaea) 25
turnbulli (Aeoloplus) 75, 405
(Caloptenus) 75
(Melanoplus) 75
typicalis (Melanoplus devastator) 199
unicolor ( Atraehelacris) 406
(Pezotettix) 213, 405
uniformis (Aeoloplus)
(Melanoplus) 201
utahensis ( Melanoplus) 167
valga (Cyclocercus)
variabilis (Melanoplus)
(Pezotettix)
varicolor (Paradicbroplus) . . .
(Pezotettix)
variegata (Podisma)
variegatum (Dactylotum)
variegatus (Pezotettix)
variolosus (Melanoplus) 145, 405
115 I viola (Melanoplus) 355,405
115 (Pezotettix) 322,355,405
249 virescens (Pedies) 405.406
4 I virgatus (Melanoplus) 19
406 | (IY/.oH'ttix) 199
viridirrus < Pe/.nt.-ttix) 255
viridiprs ( Melanopius)
(Pezotettix) 255
viridis (Caloptenus) 57,405
(Hesperotettix) 57,60,63,64,78,405
319
319
21, 405
21,405
101
405
405
(Ommatolampis) 57, 64
(Pezotettix) 57
(Podisma) 406
(Primnoa) 117
viridulus (Pezotettix) 255
vittigerum ( Acridium) 406
vivax (Campylacantha) 52, 405
(Pezotettix) 52,405
volaticus ( Melanoplns fasciatus) 268, 270
volucris (Caloptenus) 378, 405
(Phoetaliotes nebrascensis) 378,379
vralsliii( Melanoplus) 235
washingtonianus (Melauoi)lus) 233, 405
(Pezotettix) 233, 405
yarrowSi (Calopten us) 369, 405
(M.-lanoplus) 369,405
ziniiiierniaiini (Pezotettix) 21T-, 4<i.'i
(Podisma) 225
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
TEGMINA OF SPECIES OF MELANOPLUS AND PHOETALIOTES.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 407.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. II
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF GYMNOSCIRTETES, NETROSOMA, PARADICHROPLUS,
PHAEDROTETTIX, CONALCAEA, BARYTETTIX, AND PHAULOTETTIX.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 407.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. Ill
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF CEPHALOTETTIX, RHABDOTETTIX, CYCLOCERCUS,
SlNALOA, AND PARAIDEMONA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 407.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. IV
to
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF AIDEMONA, HYPOCHLORA, CAMPYLACANTHA,
EOTETTIX, AND HESPEROTETTIX.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 407, 408.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. V
10
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF HESPEROTETTIX AND AEOLOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 408.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. VI
9
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF AEOLOPLUS AND BRADYNOTES.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 408.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. VII
10
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF BRADYNOTES, DENDROTETTIX, AND PODISMA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 408.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. VIII
10
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF OLD WORLD SPECIES OF PODISMA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 408.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. IX
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF PODISMA AND PARATYLOTROPIDIA;
PARATYLOTROPIDIA BRUNNERI.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 409.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. X
10
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 409.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XI
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 409.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XII
10
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 409
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XIII
10
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 409, 410.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XIV
10
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 410.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XV
10
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 410.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XVI
10
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 410.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
u /
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XVII
10
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 410.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS VOL. XX PL. XVIII
10
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 411.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XIX
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 411.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XX
9
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 411.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XXI
10
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 411.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
I
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XXII
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 411, 412.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XXIII
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 412.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XXIV
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 412.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XXV
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MELANOPLUS, PHOETALIOTES, AND PAROXYA.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 412.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XX PL. XXVI
10
11
MALE ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF POECILOTETTIX, OEDALEONOTUS. ASEMOPLUS,
PHILOCLEON, AND APTENOPEDES.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAfiE 412.
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