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 ; SOUTHERN REGION 
 
 DS 
 
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 ARY FAC 
 
 A88B78 
 
 
 
 BRODZKY 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 OF THE TWO MELBOURNE 
 SYNAGOGUES. . . 
 TOGETHER WITH SERMONS 
 PREACHED
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 071423 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 TWO MELBOURNE SYNAGOGUES 
 
 By MAURICE BEODZKY 
 
 TOGETHER WITH 
 
 S E IR 1S/L O 1ST S PBEAOHED 
 
 REV. DR. DATTNER JACOBSON 
 
 REV. MOSES R1NTEL. 
 
 UNIV. OF CALIF. LIBRARY, LOS 
 
 IdbouriH : 
 
 w 
 
 ■I 
 
 A. & W. BRUCE, 68 ELIZABETH STREET. 
 5638—1877.
 
 A. L. HENRIQUES & CO., PRINTERS, NO, 7 POST OFFICE TLACK.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 In presenting to the Jewish public this publication, in which I 
 attempt to give some facts relating to the formation and progress 
 of the two Metropolitan Congregations, I deem it necessary to 
 make a few preliminary remarks to the reader. 
 
 The sources from which I have gathered the information 
 relating to the Melbourne Synagogues are, \^ :— " "The Voice of 
 Jacob," local newspapers, printed law books, and minute books 
 of the two congregations. These documents, so to speak, form 
 the Historia seripta of the Jews of this city. However, fortu- 
 nately, there also exists a Historia non seripta, of which several 
 of the early colonists are the repositaries. Their information has 
 been invaluable to me, inasmuch as it has led me to make the 
 most searching inquiries respecting a matter which is of great 
 importance to those who take an interest in the early history of 
 Judaism in this great Southern city. 
 
 Some months ago the Committee of the Melbourne Hebrew 
 Congregation had placed in an anteroom of the Synagogue a 
 memorial stone, on which are inscribed the names of the Past 
 Presidents, and the name of Mr. Solomon Benjamin appears 
 thereon as having had the honor of holding the position of Pre- 
 sident at the foundation of the Synagogue. That honor is claimed 
 for the late Mr. A. H. Hart. I, however (who, as Horace would 
 say, u historiam scribo ") have so thoroughly investigated the matter 
 that I am satisfied beyond all doubt as to whom that honor is 
 due ; and in order to free myself from any charge of partiality, 
 I publish a fac simile of the title-page of the first law book, and 
 [•acts from other documents, which will be found to fully cor- 
 roborate any statement I may have made. 
 
 <XV71 A *>VL
 
 i 
 
 Extract from First Minute Book, lately discovered. 
 
 " Minutes <>f proceedings according the .adoption at a General Meeting of 
 the Jewish Congregation, held at Mr. A. IT. Hart's residence, on Sunday, 
 the L2th September, 1S41 :— 
 
 '•Proposed by Mr. A. H. Hart, and resolved, that the Society for the 
 relief of the poor and infirm Jews be dissolved from the present date. — 
 ( 'allied. 
 
 " Proposed by Mr. A. H. Hart, and seconded by Mr. M. -Lyons, and 
 finally resolved, that a Society be formed and called the ' Jewish Congrega- 
 tional Society.' The following gentlemen were then elected by a majority 
 of voices to act as officers for the ensuing year : — 
 
 Mr. M. Casiimore, President 
 
 Mr. S. Benjamin, Vice-President. 
 
 Mr. M. Lazarus, \ 
 v. . , Lincoln, I n ... 
 
 V .; Fonsaker, Committee. 
 
 ,, H. Davis, ) 
 
 Mr. L. Davis, Secretary. 
 
 Extract from page 5 of the frst Law Book. 
 
 " At a General Meeting held on Sunday, the (20th day of ' Tiveth, 5604, 
 a.m.) 21st day of January, 1844, it was unanimously resolved — That this 
 congregation be designated 
 
 bvtw nn*«y amp bnp 
 
 "The Hoty Congregation of a Remnant of Israel." 
 
 Extract of Minutes. 
 
 " Sunday, 21st January, 5604, a.m.— 1S44. 
 
 v\ " At a General Meeting held this day, at the residence of Mr. A. H. Hart, 
 
 ' •* \ the Laws, as prepared by the Committee, we e read seriatim, and after 
 ^ .i some verbal amendments, unanimously approved of." 
 
 ii 
 
 \\f ''Sunday, 28th January, 5604, a.m.— 1844. 
 
 " .? , " At a General Meeting held this' da}', at the residence of Mr. A. H. Hart, 
 v the foregoing Laws, as amended, were read and unanimously confirmed."
 
 [fac simile.] 
 
 LAWS 
 
 REGULATIONS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Saw rnNty ump> bnp 
 
 "HOLY CONGREGATION OF A REMNANT' OF ISRAEL." 
 
 MELBOURNE: 
 
 ESTABLISHED ANNO MUNDI, 5604. 
 (1844.) 
 
 MELBOURNE: 
 
 PRINTED BY W. CLARKE, AT THE PORT PHILLIP HERALD OFFICE. 
 
 1844.
 
 [fat bimile.] 
 
 OFPICEES AND COMMITTEE, 
 
 PRESIDENT 
 
 MR. A. H. HA R T. 
 
 TREASURER : 
 
 MR. S. BENJAMIN. 
 
 COMMITTEE 
 
 MESSRS. JOHN HART, 
 
 J. L. LINCOLN, 
 
 MESSRS. EDWARD HART, 
 JOHN LEVY. 
 
 HONORARY SECRETARY: 
 
 M R. M. C A S H M R E. 
 
 It will thus be seen that Mr. A. H. Hart was the first Presi- 
 dent of the hik'W nnsilf Wlp bnp Congregation. 
 
 MAUEICE BKODZKT. 
 
 Melbourne Athenaeum, September, 1877 — 5638.
 
 is 
 
 PRESIDENTS AND TREASURERS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 elbmmtc jjkkcto fepgaiioii, 
 
 FKOM ITS FOUNDATION. 
 
 Yeak. 
 
 President. 
 
 1 
 
 — -v- — 
 
 Treasurer. 
 
 
 1843-4 . 
 
 A. H. HART 
 
 
 S. BENJAMIN 
 
 
 1844-5 .. 
 
 A. H. HART 
 
 
 S. BENJAMIN 
 
 
 1845-6 .. 
 
 A. H. HART 
 
 
 S. BENJAMIN 
 
 
 1846-7 . 
 
 S. BENJAMIN 
 
 
 M. BENJAMIN 
 
 
 1847-8 .. 
 
 A. H. HART 
 
 
 M. BENJAMIN 
 
 
 1848-9 .. 
 
 A. H. HART 
 
 
 M. BENJAMIN 
 
 
 1849-50.. 
 
 A. H. HART 
 
 
 E. ELLIS 
 
 
 1850-1 .. 
 
 M. CASHMORE 
 
 
 M. BENJAMIN 
 
 
 1851-2 .. 
 
 D. BENJAMIN 
 
 
 S. BENJAMIN 
 
 
 1852-3 .. 
 
 D. BENJAMIN 
 
 
 JS. BENJAMIN 
 E. HART 
 
 
 1853-4. .. 
 
 . *D. BENJAMIN 
 E. COHEN 
 
 
 M. CASHMORE. 
 
 
 1854-5 .. 
 
 . *A. H. HART 
 
 
 I. HART 
 
 
 
 M. CASH MORE 
 
 r \ 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 * Resigned 2nd April, 1S51. 
 
 * Resigned I'Mk 2iuv. t 1854. 
 
 X 
 
 X Resigned 5th Dec, 1352, 
 
 i
 
 Year. 
 
 President. 
 
 Treasurer. 
 
 1855-6 ... 
 
 E. COHEN 
 
 I. HART 
 
 1856-7 ... 
 
 E. COHEN 
 
 I. HART 
 
 1857-8 ... 
 
 M. CASHMORE 
 
 JA. E. COHEN 
 J. LEVY. 
 
 1858-9 ... 
 
 *M. CASHMORE 
 E. ELLIS 
 
 J. LEVY 
 
 1859-60... 
 
 E. COHEN 
 
 I. LYONS 
 
 1860-1 ... 
 
 E. COHEN 
 
 B. BENJAMIN 
 
 1861-2 ... 
 
 T. LYONS 
 
 E. ISAACS 
 
 1862-3 ... 
 
 E. ISAACS 
 
 H. HORWITZ 
 
 1863-4 ... 
 
 H. HORWITZ 
 
 S. LAZARUS 
 
 1864-5 ... 
 
 H. HORWITZ 
 
 S. LAZARUS 
 
 1865-6 ... 
 
 S. LAZARUS 
 
 S. SOLOMON 
 
 1866-7 ... 
 
 E. COHEN 
 
 J. AARONS 
 
 1867-8 ... 
 
 E. COHEN 
 
 B. BENJAMIN 
 
 1868-9 ... 
 
 B, BENJAMIN 
 
 W. HEY M ANSON 
 
 1869-70... 
 
 B BENJAMIN 
 
 +W. HEYM ANSON 
 I. JACOBS 
 
 1870-1 ... 
 
 B. BENJAMIN 
 
 H. P. HARRIS 
 
 1871-2 ... 
 
 B. BENJAMIN 
 
 H. T HARRIS 
 
 1872-3 ... 
 
 B. BENJAMIN 
 
 S. COHEN 
 
 1873-4 ... 
 
 S. COHEN 
 
 M. MARKS 
 
 1874-5 ... 
 
 S. COHEN 
 
 M. MARKS 
 
 1875-6 ... 
 
 S. COHEN 
 
 L. M. MYERS 
 
 1876-7 ... 
 
 L. M. MYERS 
 
 B. BENJAMIN 
 
 1877:8 ... 
 
 L. M MYERS 
 
 B. BENJAMIN 
 
 
 * Resigned 3rd May, 1859, 
 
 X Resigned 16th May, 1358. 
 % Resigned 2Ath Oct, 1869.
 
 THE JEWS IN THEIR DISPERSIONS. 
 
 When a nation loses its independence, one of two consequences 
 must follow : either it is destroyed in the last struggle, or it is 
 amalgamated with its conquerors. The nation may be preserved 
 in its separate members ; but in its collective form, its especial 
 purpose, its nationality in fine, it exists no longer. To the exist- 
 ence of the Jewish race no such close was appointed, for the ful- 
 filment of its lofty mission forbade alike its annihilation and its 
 amalgamation with its conquerors. That race was dispersed, 
 retaining in its dispersion its peculiar character. This dispersion 
 was the instrument of its material salvation. Had this numeri- 
 cally insignificant nation remained in Palestine, it could not have 
 retained its integrity amid the irruptions of the barbarians, the 
 conquests of the Mahomedan Arabians, the incursions of Ghengis 
 Khan and of the Saracens and Turcomans. That it had been 
 conquered and dismembered by the tolerant Eomans before the 
 outbreak of these wars of devastation and of the Crusades, was a 
 beneficent ordination of the Almig'.iy .Ruler of the Universe, and 
 an evidence of His governing providence. 
 
 The existence of the Jewish race as a people was not necessary, 
 says Dr. Philipson*. Indeed the accomplishment of their sacred 
 task was far more powerfully aided by their dispersion. Through 
 the absence of all political and muni ;ipal vitality in the numerous 
 isolated communities, was this their task more promptly and effi- 
 ciently performed. The religious idea was, by the dispersion of the 
 Jews, freed from the trammelling influence of political and muni- 
 cipal life, and space and opportunity were secured to its deposi- 
 taries for their own and its preserva.ion. 
 
 * Die Entwiukelung dor religiosen Idee vou Dr. LuiTwig Philipson. Magde- 
 burg, 1847.
 
 8 
 
 But for this end, it was also necessary that the Jews should be 
 placed in a position which would prevent their amalgamation with 
 the dominant nation in whose centre they from time to time dwelt. 
 On this point we are anxious to avoid misapprehension. We would, 
 therefore, observe that we here refer exclusively to the times at which 
 nations were specifically ruled by the two new Churches, in part 
 antagonistic to the religious idea, viz., Christianity and Moslemism 
 — then in their most dogmatic stage of development— an era at 
 which the political amalgamation of the Hebrew race would have 
 been inevitably combined with an absorption of the religious idea 
 into the forms of Christianity and Islamism ; an age, as will be 
 admitted, wholly different in its character from the present time, 
 and necessitating, consequently, wholly different conditions of 
 existence. 
 
 That the Jewish race should assume in their dispersions a dis- 
 tinctive and isolating mental costume and character, which should 
 place them in strong contrast to the dominant Churches, and that 
 their temporal position should be exclusive in its tendency, so as 
 to render them wholly dependent on themselves and their own 
 resources, was a historical necessity. Both conditions were indis- 
 pensable to the preservation of the Jewish race in its integrity, 
 and both were fulfilled. It may be objected, and with truth, if 
 the material fact be alone considered, that the social position of 
 the Jews, and the oppression and suffering to which they were 
 exposed, were virtually brought about by the peculiarities to which 
 the race so pertinaciously adhered. But if the Jews had not, both 
 from choice and necessity, preserved their individuality, their 
 fusion with the other dominant creeds would have been inevitable ; 
 and true it certainly is, that had they forsaken Judaism, they 
 would have had nothing to endure. The service of the Religious 
 Idea rendered this immunity impossible. Nor does this afford to 
 the dominant Churches the slightest justification for the tyranny 
 and cruelty exercised by them towards the Hebrew race. The 
 peculiarity of our fellow-man, as long as it does no injury to 
 society, in no way gives us the right to injure him in life, pro- 
 perty and honor ; nor to beat him to death, either morally or 
 physically. And the preservation of this peculiarity was the only
 
 reproach cast upon the Jews after they had been degraded to the 
 very lowest social position by their oppressors. However, for this 
 condition of things there existed a historical necessity. To the 
 Jewish race it was given to preserve within itself the Religious 
 Idea, unscathed by the antagonisms of the dominant Christian and 
 Mahomedan Churches. The only means by which this could be 
 carried out was the adoption of a peculiar external form of reli- 
 gious life. So soon as the dominant Churches came to comprehend 
 the antagonisms to their own systems inherent in Judaism, they 
 naturally sought to annihilate Judaism, or to thrust aside and 
 supplant it. The necessary consequences of this animosity were 
 the constant persecutions of the Jews, and their political and 
 municipal expulsion, whether as communities or as individuals. 
 
 Another historical feature of the Middle Ages was the feudal 
 system. Its most marked tendency was the subdivision of the 
 State into guilds or companies. Feudalism split up the aggregate 
 of society into many separate bodies, and assigned to each a par- 
 ticular position and constitution, and individual rights and privi- 
 leges. Instead of erecting the State on the universal basis of 
 equal and general rights; instead of comprehending each and 
 every portion of society as constituting an integral part of the 
 whole social fabric ; instead of recognising the people collectively 
 to be one body politic, feudalism divides aud subdivides them, 
 according to a certain fixed scheme, from the monarch down to 
 the serf, into classes, guilds, corporations, and arranges them in 
 orders, companies, &c, that stand to each other in the relative 
 positions of inferior and superior. 
 
 What post was appointed to the Jew in this feudal state 'i What 
 rank was hs to hold in this scheme ? Neither amid the nobles, 
 nor the guilds of the towns, nor the serfdom of the peasant, would 
 it concede a place to the Hebrew. Feudalism compelled the Jew 
 to remain a foreign excrescence, an outcast from them all. By 
 feudalism the Jews were considered to be but appendages of the 
 monarch, who in his gracious clemency tolerated their presence as 
 imperial or royal menials. They paid tribute to the sovereign, 
 were under his immediate protection, which he could graut, or rather 
 sell to thum or withhold from them, at his royal pleasure. They were
 
 10 
 
 thus denied all rights, were compelled to dwell in separate quarters 
 of the towns ; were forbidden to hold land, and to pursue any trade. 
 But one alternative was allowed, but one dark retreat afforded 
 them, whence their fellow-men shrunk in disgust. Permission 
 was accorded them to wander as hawkers, pedlars, and money- 
 lenders, footsore and weary, from place to place. How true were 
 then the poet's words : — 
 
 " The wild clove heath her nest, the fox his cave, 
 Mankind their country, Israel hut the grave." 
 
 So abject was the plight to which the feudal system had reduced 
 the sons of Israel — those who in Palestine had been a free and 
 agricultural people ; in Eome, Roman citizens— were now con- 
 demned to be hirelings and menials, earning their exiles' bread in 
 the land of their birth by hawking and usury. Princes and 
 emperors pledged their right to the tenure of Jews, sometimes to 
 towns, sometimes to feudal lords of higher or lower degree. For 
 other instances they conceded their claim to the servitude of the 
 Jews for payment ; or in compliance with petitions or threats, to 
 certain districts and towns. Prom this arbitrary and lawless rule 
 to which they were subjected, other and serious evils resulted to 
 the Jews. The callings they were permitted to pursue acted pre- 
 judicially on their moral condition. It may with truth be asserted 
 that the highest credit redounds to the Jewish race that under the 
 pressure of circumstances so degrading, they not only were not 
 wholly demoralised, but preserved a freshness of spirit and a 
 strength of character which they mainly derived from the peculiar 
 constitution of their spiritual and religious life. In other instances, 
 again, these pursuits brought them constantly into collision with 
 great and small. The borrower hates the lender ; the more deeply 
 he is indebted, the more entirely he is in the power of his creditor; 
 and the more anxious is he to set him aside by physical force' 
 particularly in an age when might made right, and when that 
 lender was without arms and without legal defence. Thus the 
 longer the Jews remained in any one locality, the more imminent 
 and certain were their persecution and expulsion ; simply because 
 the number of those whose interest it was to effect their removal 
 was greater.
 
 11 
 
 A third and necessary consequence was, that just as the snail 
 ever seeks shelter within its shelly tenement from the bruising 
 heel of the passer-by, so the persecuted Jew ever withdrew deeper 
 and deeper into intellectual seclusion. All spiritual connection 
 with other nations gradually ceased. An attachment to scientific 
 pursuits, which endured to a much later period among the Jews 
 ,than among the Arabians and Christians, expired at length amid 
 the universal persecutions to which they were subjected, particu- 
 larly those which accompanied their expulsion from Spain. At 
 the era when the taste for classical studies was revived, and when 
 the other European peoples gladly shook oft' their long iutellectual 
 lethargy no ray of morning light could penetrate into the dark 
 Ghetto, or Jews' quarter, and dawn on the mental vision of the 
 crouching and hopefallen son of Abraham. Even religious specu- 
 lation was arrested in the crushed spirits that were only perma- 
 nently saved from entire paralysation by the exciting study of the 
 Talmud whetting the edge of intellectual subtlety, though this 
 was limited to the analytical disquisitions of casuistry. Of this 
 the result is manifest ; the ecclesiastical system of the Middle 
 Ages sought, in its spirit of exclusiveness, to annihilate the Jews, 
 since in Judaism was included the most uncompromising antago- 
 nism to that exclusiveness — the Religious Idea. Where they 
 could not succeed in extirpating, they tried to expel them from 
 municipal society. Feudalism, amid its divisions, and subdivi- 
 sions, that virtually denied the equality of human rights, had no 
 place for the outcast of the Church — the rejected Hebrews. It 
 placed them without the pale of law and right, and as it trans- 
 formed the peasantry into the bondmen of the nobles, so it made 
 the Jews to be the bondmen of the monarch. Yet, as compared 
 with the Church, the feudal system was the salvation of Judaism. 
 From the personal influence of the monarch they often derived 
 protection : seeing that, as occasion might be, the sovereigns 
 either thought more tolerantly, or felt more humanely than the 
 petty tyrants, their subjects ; or they needed the gold of the 
 Jews, their loans, the purchase -money of protection ; or they 
 were impelled to uphold them by a spirit of opposition to the 
 Church, which spirit was not unfrequently rife in Christendom.
 
 12 
 
 And the Jews, in truth, required nought, save according to the 
 necessities of the hour, a few spots of earth on which to exist, to 
 weather the storm, and to outlive the days of menaced extermina- 
 tion. 
 
 If we have now made clear the historical necessity for the posi- 
 tion of the Jews in the Middle Ages, as also the conditions hy 
 which it was attained, let us proceed briefly to review the facts as 
 they arose : — 
 
 After the final conflicts with the pagan Eomans, the Jews 
 had obtained the full rights of lioinan citizenship, and during its 
 enjoyment, gained a considerable degree of prosperity, and pos- 
 sessed entire civil and religious freedom, in so far as the former 
 anywhere existed, The first Koman Emperors who adopted the 
 Christian religion were compelled to exercise their rule tolerantly 
 in their half-heathen, half- Christian dominions. So soon, how- 
 ever as the Christian Church obtained temporal sway, it began to 
 oppose the Jews, even in their very existence. Bishops who were 
 held to be shining lights among the Church Fathers, such as the 
 holy Ambrosius, Cyril, and others, hurled anathemas and excited 
 the populace against the Jews. Synagogues were reduced to 
 ashes, whole communities compelled by means of murder and 
 plunder to self-expatriation. The councils having found that 
 the Jews were not to be won over to Christianity in the mass, 
 zealously opposed all peaceful social intercourse with them. Mar- 
 riages between Jews and Christians were interdicted ; the 
 Christians were forbidden even to eat with the Jew ; the 
 Jews to have Christian servants, while the Christians were 
 allowed to employ Jews in this capacity. Under such in- 
 fluence, the emperors issued successive decrees, by which the 
 municipal condition of the Jews became more and more fet- 
 tered ; they were expelled from the army, excluded from the civil 
 service, and were at length deprived of all offices of honor in the 
 municipalities, till, under the Emperors Honorius and Arcadiui', 
 in the year 430, they were wholly despoiled of all civil rights, and 
 degraded to the very lowest class among the people. It is here 
 worthy of special note, that these very decrees (preserved to us in 
 the Codex Theodusianm) declare the Jews to be innocent, and thus
 
 13 
 
 testify that they were issued on religious grounds only. For 
 these decrees, while successively depriving the Jews of one right 
 after the other, contain consolatory and laudatory expressions, 
 and refer to such remnants of civil liberty as were preserved, till 
 the final stroke was put to this cruel spoliation. Thus the Church 
 had deprived the Jews of all legal rights, had excluded them from 
 all civil society, long before feudalism had come into existence. 
 
 "When Moslemism subdued and overspread the Eastern world, 
 it assumed, politically only, an attitude hostile to the Jews. 
 Islamism sought but empire, and never practised religious perse- 
 cution against the Israelites. "When excluding the Jews from 
 public functions (those connected with the financial administra- 
 tion excepted) and even when depriving them of privileges enjoyed 
 by true believers, as their right, Mahomedanism granted to the 
 Israelites religious toleration ; but when the East early relapsed 
 into a state of stagnation and non-progress, when the elements of 
 despotism developed themselves more and more in Mahomedan 
 rule, the Jews participated in this degeneracy, and became an 
 ignorant, motionless, spiritless mass. 
 
 In Gaul and Spain, the Jews enjoyed under the Goths the full 
 rights of citizenship. This rendered it the more natural that the 
 Catholic Franks should regard them as adversaries, should deprive 
 them of their legal immunities, and in obedience to the behests of 
 the clergy, should interfere with the freedom of their religious 
 worship, encroach upon their possessions, and coerce them to 
 accept baptism. In Spain, therefore, the Jews hailed the advent 
 of the Moors as that of deliverers, who ensured to them renewed 
 security and peace. 
 
 In the extensive dominions of Charles the Great, at the time 
 when feudalism began to prevail, the Jews were of infinite service 
 in the State. Their frequent journeys, their wide-spreading con- 
 nections, their acquaintance with all parts of the empire, their 
 dexterity, tact and activity, singularly qualified them for the per- 
 formance of business of various kinds ; in circumstances, too, 
 where the ignorance of the great, and even of the ecclesiastics, 
 and the abject condition of the people,"would have given rise to 
 considerable embarrassment. On these accounts, favor was shown
 
 14 
 
 them ; permission to hold landed property, and protection against 
 encroachment and oppression were granted them. The weaker, 
 however, the royal rule of Charles' and Louis' successors became, 
 the more enmity the clergy and councils showed towards the Jews ; 
 the more the feudal system developed itself, the deeper sank the 
 Jewish race ; demands upon them for money became more and 
 more numerous ; taxes on beds, parchments and kitchens, taxes 
 for comings-in and goings-out, followed in rapid succession, and 
 formed at least one source of the interest entertained by the 
 monarch in the presence of Jews in his dominions. Scarcely, 
 however, had the feudal system assigned to the Israelites a posi. 
 tion which, though denying them all rights, was yet determined 
 by law, when the Church, to whose power the Crusades had given 
 a fresh impulse, reintroduced in an extended form the persecution 
 of the Jews throughout Europe. The first outbreak of the Cru- 
 sades reached the Jews, and the flames spread from its birthplace, 
 Treves, over the whole empire. Metz, Cologne, Worms, Mayence, 
 Speyer, prepared destruction and death to the proscribed sons of 
 Israel. They fled to Moravia, Silesia and Poland. After the 
 close of the Crusades, the revival of the accusations against them 
 of purloining the host and of drinking the blood of Christian 
 children, excited the people to frenzy and to deeds of blood, and 
 thousands of Jews without distinction of age or sex, were merci- 
 lessly sacrificed. The carnage began on this occasion in Switzer- 
 land and extended to the borders of Poland. These abominations 
 did not cease till the years of the Reformation ; and even then 
 were occasionally revived ; while in their social position they were 
 even the more enslaved ; they were denied all connection with 
 human society, they were excluded from all participation in the 
 world's movements. They paid tribute for their very bodies, like 
 the beasts of the field. 
 
 While often exposed to murderous violence on the blood-stained 
 soil of Germany, but allowed to exist as a race, they were repeat- 
 edly expelled from Spain, France, and England. Erom Spain, 
 where under the Moorish rule the Jews had attained a high, 
 social, literary and scientific position, they were in the year 1492 
 wholly expelled by Ferdinand, the expeller of the Moors. Three
 
 15 
 
 hundred thousand left their heautiful fatherland ; of these, some 
 perished by the way, others fled to Barbary, and others sought 
 refuge in Turkey and Holland. Four times were the Jews 
 banished from France, and as frequently recalled. In 1299, they 
 were driven from England, where they had long dwelt, but where 
 their exclusion from all save financial business had especially 
 exposed them to the exactions of petty sovereigns. In the time 
 of Cromwell they were re-admitted into Great Britain. After the 
 successful struggle in the Netherlands, against the tyranny of 
 Philip II., they found a ready asylum in that country, and from 
 the commencement a recognition of their freedom and rights. 
 
 We thus perceive that, until the close of the last century, the 
 Jews remained wholly excluded from municipal society, lived in 
 separate quarters of the town, were interdicted from holding 
 land, from exercising certain trades and callings, from pursuing 
 agriculture, from entering into commercial pursuits, and from 
 adopting the vocation of teachers. They were further excluded 
 from the civil and municipal services of the State, and were thus 
 forced to the exclusive assumption of the callings of money-lenders, 
 hawkers and pedlars, as the sole means by which to exist ; and 
 even in these, they were subjected to enormous taxes, and to the 
 payment of protection-money and head-money. It may be truly 
 said with respect to their moral treatment, that they were every- 
 where exposed to contempt and hatred, everywhere despised and 
 oppressed. Forbidden to approach the academies, whether of 
 science or art, shut out from intellectual communion with the 
 rest of the family of man — they were thus, for mental food, cast 
 upon the pages of the Talmud alone. By a singular accident, the 
 faculty of medicine formed the sole exception to this wholesale 
 prohibition. 
 
 Yet, notwithstanding all this, notwithstanding the fearful 
 passage through fifteen hundred years of misery, strong elements 
 of life were latent in the bosom of Judaism. The first of 
 these was their inflexible fidelity to the Religious Idea, and its 
 elaboration in Talmudism, which fidelity neither the horror of 
 death, nor the martyrdom of contempt and scorn, nor the snare 
 of the tempter was of power to shake. The Jews everywhere
 
 16 
 
 saw close at hand the boundary line over which, if they passed, 
 sorrow and Buffering were left behind, viz., their passage to Chris- 
 tianity or to Mahomedanism ; but over that boundary they passed 
 not. And this fidelity was not the appanage of the chosen few, 
 of the best spirits among them, but of the mass ; of the last, as 
 of the first members of their race. Besides this, they found 
 within their own communities, cities of refuge to which to flee, 
 which offered them protection from the infliction of outward in- 
 justice and maltreatment. Congregational life never ceased from 
 the midst of them. Wherever ten Jews' were assembled in one 
 locality, they formed themselves into a congregation, as though 
 they had been dwelling upon the free soil of Palestine ; a congre- 
 gation whose fundamental principles were everywhere personal 
 equality, free choice of their officials, in which dwelt not a trace 
 of the custom of life-tenure or hereditary succession ; a distinct, 
 yet powerful echo of the voice of Mosaism. Within such con- 
 gregations, the synagogue and its service were the first objects of 
 care ; then charitable institutions for the relief of the sick, the 
 indigent, the old and the imprisoned ; for poor brides, for the 
 dying, and for the interment of the dead. The next meteors of 
 solicitude were the schools, some destined for the instruction of 
 youth, others of adults, in which the subjects taught were natu- 
 rally restricted to the domain of Talmudic and Rabbinical learn- 
 ing. In this congregational life the Jews found not only inex- 
 haustible sources of indemnification for external evils and some 
 means to avert them, but also partial compensation for their 
 exclusion from all participation in general and political exist- 
 ence. 
 
 A second shelter the Jew found in the sanctuary of domestic 
 or family life. Repulsed from without, man seeks consolation in 
 the arms of those dear ones belonging to him. The threshold of 
 his house is the boundary-stone beyond which scorn and contumely 
 cannot pass. Within, he finds the love, esteem, and reverence 
 denied him without. Among the Jews unbounded was the inten- 
 sity of family ties and affections. The bond between parent and 
 child, and the conjugal relation, were alike sacred and exalted, 
 prompting to efforts and sacrifices the most sublime. The exclu-
 
 17 
 
 sion from society, and the binding Talmudic statute, necessarily- 
 co-operated to keep the Jews removed and free from the great 
 vices of the age. On the one hand, temperance and chastity dis- 
 inclining them to excess ; on the other, an entire indisposition to 
 deeds of murder, rapine, violence, brutality, and combativeness, 
 were deep-seated qualities in the Jewish heart. If in respect of 
 property they evinced less conscientiousness, so that they were too 
 often prone to artifice, deceit and over-reaching ; to the circum- 
 stances of their enforced condition may this be with justice im- 
 puted, while they ever abhorred to raise their hands against the 
 lives of theL* fellow-beings, and 2iever abandoned themselves to 
 profligacy and sensuality. 
 
 All this in combination, rendered possible and effected the pre- 
 servation of the Jewish race during the seventeen centuries of 
 direst persecution, through which, after the destruction of Jeru- 
 salem, they struggled as for existence, till a new time dawned 
 upon them at the commencement of the present century. The posi- 
 tion of isolation, exclusion, and repudiation, in which ever dwelt 
 this race, rendered its amalgamation with other peoples impossible 
 — the Eeligious Idea, of which the Jewish mind held tenacious 
 possession, whose truth had permeated the very being of this race 
 from its first to its last member, and endowed it with resistless 
 force and was its isolating peculiarity — the distinctive character 
 jinprinted by Tahnudism on daily existence — the acuteness of 
 intellect developed and kept alive in the whole mass by Talmudic 
 studies — congregational life— the depth and strength of family 
 ties and affections — the freedom from the coarsest vices and from 
 moral depravity— all these were, We repeat, the elements which, 
 in combination, invested the Jewish body-politic with a resisting 
 power that enabled them to repel and defy the forces external to 
 themselves aiming at their annihilation. Thus the Jews furnish 
 historical proof that, not only an individual man, but whole races of 
 men, so soon as they have truth dwelling in them, cannot be sub- 
 dued by any power, whether of Church or State — by any oppres- 
 sion, however stringent and enduriug. Judaism existed not only 
 during the whole of the Middle Ages— Judaism not only outlived 
 the dominion of the Koman— Judaism not only witnessed the fall
 
 18 
 
 of all peoples of antiquity, the migrations of countless races, and 
 the irruptions of new ones — it survived not only the rise of 
 Christianity and Moslemism, but it still lives on to behold the 
 dawn of a new era, the development of new social and religious 
 mutations. It has done yet more. With this new era it was 
 itself born to new life ; an era when Judaism and the Jews have 
 stepped forth from their isolation and exclusion into the general 
 world of man. 
 
 Thus the great import of these fifteen hundred years is this. 
 The Christian Church sought to annihilate the Jews, and with 
 them the antagonism to itself, of which they are the depositaries. 
 Being unable in consequence of the dispersion, to accomplish its 
 aim, it condemned the Jews to unmerited exclusion, of which 
 the Roman emperors and the feudal system were the successive 
 instruments. But the Jews overcame all obstacles to their con- 
 tinued existence, adhered within Talmud 1 ' sm to the religious idea, 
 and arose at the dawn of a new era, towards the close of the last 
 century, to re-enter in every relation of life the general world of man- 
 History, like her eternal sister Nature, possesses the great 
 privilege of recording the general results of events, and of passing 
 silently over the griefs and sufferings laid successively by indivi- 
 duals on the altar of the general good. The uninterrupted and 
 eternal production of life is the law of nature. But life necessi- 
 tates death. Countless old generations must die that countless 
 new generations may be born. In order to sustain life nature 
 must destroy life. In like manner, history requires the suffering 
 and the annihilation of millions of individual men, in order to 
 secure to the race of man continued and progressive development, 
 and to prepare for it an ever greater future, an ever more glorious 
 existence. Judged according to this standard, the thousand holo- 
 causts which the annals of every people record are recognised to 
 have been offered for a loftier end. History, which would other- 
 wise present a melancholy picture of tyranny and slavery, of force 
 and thraldom, of human sufferings and passions, becomes, when 
 viewed in this light, a solemn record of the eternal strivings of 
 mankind for higher objects, of its aspirations for the conquest of 
 truth and right.
 
 19 
 
 Let us thus look upon the history of the Jews in their disper- 
 sions, and we shall at once perceive that these dispersions had for aim 
 and end the preservation of the Eeligious Idea ; and that all that 
 the Jews, its depositaries and bearers, were called upon to endure 
 all their sufferings during fifteen centuries (of which sufferings 
 alas ! many still continue) were a necessity which in the fulfil' 
 ment of their sublime mission could not be averted. Nay, instead 
 of the remembrance of the evil treatment received by this peace- 
 able people causing us to mourn, the thought should rather in- 
 spire us with feelings of admiration at the inward power of the 
 spirit, enabling a whole race to conquer all disasters and defy al^ 
 calamities. What more does Judaism desire ? It has gained the 
 victory. The world sought to annihilate it, and yet Judaism 
 exists. The world strove to render it dumb, and Judaism speaks, 
 speaks now, even louder and more audibly than ever, in the ears 
 of mankind. Yet more — Judaism sees the animosity which pre" 
 vailed against her daily diminish — hears the world rescind daily 
 its hostile edicts — feels her sufferings and anguish pass away, 
 virulence and oppression gradually die out. Judaism may with 
 truth exclaim, ' I have endured to the end ; and this endurance 
 has won its reward.' It has achieved that which it was its task 
 to accomplish ; it has preserved the Bsligious Idea for the great 
 future of mankind. Let us, therefore, not deem the history of 
 the Jews in their dispersions to be but a blood-stained record of 
 uniform oppression and violence. Let us, on the contrary, recog- 
 nise it to be that which it truly is — the conflict of the Spirit with 
 its antagonisms for the eternal preservation of the Religious Idea. 
 Seen under this aspect, the existence of the Jewish people is 
 neither a mystic riddle, as by some it has been supposed to be, 
 for the key to its solution lies at hand ; nor is it a mournfid pic- 
 ture veiled in sadness ; it is a brilliant image, delineating the 
 power of the immortal soul of man. 
 
 B 1
 
 20 
 
 JUDAISM IN AUSTBALIA. 
 
 Fab away from the centres of Judaism in the Old World, 
 removed by leagues of land and sea, by change of climate, 
 thought and habit from the " Home," the flame of Judaism yet 
 burns brightly in Australia. As in ancient days, the exiles 
 carried fire from their altars to the strange land whither they 
 went forth to dwell — so do the Jews of the present, whither- 
 soever they wander, carry with them the fire of Judaism, to burn 
 on the new altars which they have raised in their wanderings. 
 Yes, even in this " Ultima Thule," this remote region, where the 
 Jew must turn westward rather than eastward if he would look 
 towards Jerusalem ; where Passover is in the autumn, and the 
 Feast of Tabernacles in the spring of the year : still pious eyes 
 are lifted towards the Holy Home, and pious hearts beat for the 
 ^Restoration. 
 
 First Jewish Woeship in 1839. 
 
 The commencement of the celebration of the rites and 
 ordinances of the Jewish faith in Melbourne was a singularly 
 modest one, and dates far back in the annals of the colony. Even 
 as the Israelites of old in the wilderness had to content themselves 
 with a tabernacle as their place of worship, so their descendants 
 in this far Southern land erected their tent in the then almost 
 wilderness for the worship of the Most High in accordance with 
 all their ancient usages and traditions. Divine service was held 
 for the first time in Melbourne on the festival of the year 5600 — 
 lb39, at the house of Mr. M. Lazarus, Collins-street west. The 
 Jewish residents then residing in this city were not sufficient in 
 number to form a Minyan. In fact, at this gathering the chief 
 persons who took an interest in Judaism were Messrs. Solomon 
 Benjamin and Michael Cashmore. This gathering of Israel in 
 the wilderness was shortly reinforced by the arrival in the colony 
 of Messrs. Edward and Isaac Hart. Mr. Edward Hart was gifted 
 with a naturally sweet and pleasant voice, and had an aptitude 
 for Chasonotli which fitted him particularly for the services which 
 he gladly rendered. Divine service was held on the New Year 
 Festivals 1840, at the residence of Mr. Solomon Benjamin, and 
 the prayers were read on that occasion by Messrs. Edward Hart, 
 Michael Cashmore, S. H. Harris, and Isaac Lincoln. This was 
 the first service held in Melbourne with a full Minyan. And to 
 the Harts, the Benjamins, and Mr. M. Cashmore is due the honor of 
 transplanting Judaism to this colony, and of fostering and aiding 
 the youthful Synagogue in its early struggles. To these and 
 others, who in the early days, under many and great difficulties, 
 bore the burden and heat of the day, and devoted time, wealth,
 
 21 
 
 influence and energy to the maintenance and spread of their 
 religion, the Jews of the present day cannot be too grateful. 
 Now that the work is virtually accomplished, the whole system 
 of Judaism firmly established in good working order, with its 
 whole apparatus of schools, alms-houses, charitable institutions, 
 &c, &c, the impartial historian in reviewing the facts connected 
 with the early history of the Synagogue in Victoria cannot fail 
 to be struck with the zeal and earnestness displayed by these 
 devoted men. 
 
 The Late Ashee Hymen Haet. 
 
 Conspicuous among the honored names of that period is that 
 of the late Asher Hymen Hart, who must be regarded as the 
 chief and real pioneer who cleared the way and acclimatised the 
 practices and ordinances of the Jewish religion in this colony. 
 He not only gave time and means in aid of the congregation, but 
 also acted for many years himself in the capacity of honorary lay 
 reader, and performed the functions of a minister, until the ser- 
 vices of a duly authorised and properly-qualified Rabbi could be 
 secured. That gentleman, embued with true love for his nation 
 and devotion to his religion which have characterised the whole 
 course of his life, made it his first care, as soon as he had 
 set foot in Melbourne, to enquire of his co-religionists — 
 u What have you done towards establis thing a congregation 
 and a permanent place of worship " ; and when he found that 
 there was no organised community and no synagogue, his first 
 endeavors were directed towards the establishing of Judaism in 
 this city on a sound basis, and to erect a place of worship to the 
 Most High. Diligently did he set to work to carry out his reso- 
 lutions and to accomplish the work he had set before himself. 
 Being a man of extensive reading and superior natural ability, he 
 at once took the lead of his co-religionistL 1 , and succeeded in 
 inaugurating a new era for Judaism in Victoria. In 1841, there- 
 fore, we find Mr. Hart already conducting Divine worship in an 
 able and systematic manner. The New T3ar and Yom Kipur 
 services in 1841 were held at the (then unoccupied) Port Phillip 
 Hotel, Plinders-street. The number of attendants was about 25. 
 Mr. A. H. Hart was on that occasion assisted by Messrs. Isaac 
 Lincoln, E. Hart, and Lewis Nathan ; the lat ter gentleman (one 
 of the present Board of Deputies, London) being on a visit to 
 this colony from Hobarfc Town, Tasmania. 
 
 A Poos Society Established. 
 
 Shortly before Mr. A. H. Hart's arrival in Melbourne a 
 society had been established among the Jewish residents for the 
 purpose of assisting their indigent co-religionists. This institu* 
 tion, however, had but a short existence, for Mr. Hart, at a meet- 
 ing which on his personal invitation was held at the residence of 
 Messrs. Ed. and Isaac Hart, pointed out to the Jewish residents
 
 22 
 
 of Melbourne that the natural feeling of sympathy which existed 
 between a Jew and his brother would supply all that was needed. 
 He contended that the natural ie of Jew and Jew was strong 
 enough without requiring any formal pledge to assist one another. 
 And if any poor brother iound his way to Melbourne from the 
 neighboring colonies, he would find friends to assist him. The 
 want of bodily food to the Australian Jew was not to be compared 
 to the want of spiritual food. In the one case the remedy was 
 at hand in the charitable spirit of every true disciple of Moses ; 
 but the other want — the spiritual — was one which could only be 
 supplied by constant and persistent effort : a permanent place of 
 worship was the great want to be supplied. Mr. Hart's eloquence 
 and earnestness produced the desired effect, since the spark to 
 kindle the latent fire of Judaism within being all that was required 
 from his hearers. Those present at once agreed to alter the con- 
 stitution of tke society, as recommended by Mr. A. H. Hart. In 
 1844 a site of land was procured ft om the Government by Messrs. 
 A. H. Hart, M. Cashmore, and Solomon Benjamin, and as soon 
 as a sufficient sum of money wag accumulated, a very suitable 
 building was erected. The four.dation-stone of this synagogue 
 was laid by Mr. Solomon Benjamin. From 1841 until the first 
 synagogue was opened, divine worship was held at the residence 
 of Mr. Benjamin. 
 
 The Fiest Jewish Bueial in Victoria. 
 
 Not only in the direction of synagogue matters was Mr. A. H. 
 Hart's influences beneficially exerted but also in many other ways. 
 The case of a Jewish girl named Davies, who was buried before 
 Mr. Hart's arrival in the colony, in unconsecrated ground near the 
 Merri Creek, awakened his ever active sympathies, and through 
 his exertions the Jews obtained a grant of land in the Old Ceme- 
 tery. Sad to say, the first participf nt in this melanchely privilege 
 of being buried in consecrated ground was Mr Lewis Hart, a 
 brother of the gentleman whose career of usefulness we have 
 faintly indicated, who died suddenly, after a few mouths' residence 
 in the colony. In this case the sad duties and services due to 
 the departed were rendered by Mr. A. H. Hart himself. A tomb- 
 stone erected to the memory of the deceased yet oears the first 
 Hebrew inscription which was written by the hand uf the bereaved 
 brother. 
 
 Foundation Stone of the Peesent Stnagogue Laid 1853. 
 In 1853 the present Synagogue was built, and rhe children of 
 Abraham met in Victoria for the worship of the Most High, in a 
 place befitting their high aims and aspirations, aud which reflected 
 credit both on their energy aud liberality. rn he foandauon stone 
 of this building was laid by the indefatigable, zealous, and 
 liberal Mr. David Benjamin (now in London) on the 1st of 
 
 \
 
 December in the above-mentioned year, and his name is com- 
 memorated on a memorial tablet, which will be observed by the 
 visitor on the right of the entrance. 
 
 Interior of the Synagogue Decorated, 1858. 
 For four years the interior of the Synagogue remained un- 
 finished, and the ceremony, in consequence of the complete repair 
 and decoration, took place on September 2nd, 1858 The conse- 
 cration service was conducted by the Rev. E. M. Myers (now in 
 Montreal), assisted by Messrs. S. Phillips, secretary, S. Nelson, 
 conductor of the choir, and Michael Cashmore, president of the 
 congregation. More than a thousand persons were present, and 
 conspicuous amidst the congregation was Eabbi Cohen, of Jeru- 
 salem, who came to the colony for the purpose of collecting sub- 
 scriptions for the relief of the distressed Jews in Palestine. To 
 his long flowing robes and Turkish turban the Eabbi realised 
 pretty nearly the representation of the High Priest of the Jews 
 in days gone by. 
 
 Palmam Qui Meruit Ferat. 
 
 The Benjamins have always been among the best supporters 
 of Judaism in this city, and their names are honorably associated 
 with every enterprise connected with religious teaching or 
 observance. 
 
 In looking at the list of donations to the present Synagogue 
 we find it headed by David Benjamin, Esq., who munificently 
 gave £1000, and Moses Benjamin, Esq., J.P., by £500. 
 
 There are many other Jews who also acted nobly and supported 
 the cause of their religion in the metropolis of the South, such as 
 the late Hon. Edward Cohen, M.L.A., the late Mr. Henry 
 Harris, and others, gentlemen whose names stand high before the 
 world, not only as staunch supporters of their ancient creed, but 
 also as liberal active supporters of every charitable and benevolent 
 movement, with a noble freedom from prejudice; men who 
 observe not only the letter but also the spirit of the Law, and 
 who thereby have gained the admiration of every class of their 
 fellow-citizens. But to mention the names of all who have taken 
 an interest in Synagogal matters would be too great a task, and 
 quite beyond the limit of this sketch. All that concerns us at 
 
 No notice has been taken in the present work of that distinguished 
 and self-denying body ot men who have associated themselves in other ways 
 with the spread and the teaching of Judaical Truth, and the establishment 
 of the apparatus of schools, benevolent institutions, and charitable mis- 
 sions, which has so long and eminently characterised the chosen 
 people. Had this been done, it woidd have tended to swell the work 
 beyond the limit within which it was necessary to confine it. Such men as 
 Mr. Moses Goldstein, whose liberality and kindness of heart, coupled with 
 the self-sacrificing and assiduous manner in which for years he has 
 discharged the arduous duties of hon. director of funerals has gained him 
 universal respect and esteem. Mr. Solomon Joseph, the founder of the
 
 24 
 
 present is to state a few facts in connection with the establish- 
 ment of the congregation, and to report the proceedings at the 
 consecration of the renovation of the synagogue, which took place 
 on Sunday, the 26th of August, 1877, under the direction of 
 Lewis M. Myers, Esq , the President for the present year, and 
 Past Treasurer, who has taken a lively interest and active part in 
 the work in question, and in the progress and promotion of the 
 interests, aims, and objects of Judaism generally. 
 
 Description of 
 L ww» n>i»ty p'pn no^rr h»a 
 The Synagogue is situated in Bourke-street west, and on the 
 brow of the hill. It is approached by a flight of bluestone steps, 
 leading to a portico in the Italian style, occupying the whole front 
 of the building, supported by f ix columns of the Composite order, 
 and supported by a well-proportioned pediment. Over the 
 entrance-door is a tablet setting forth the date of foundation, and 
 the name of the congregation in Hebrew. Wide swing doors 
 lead into the Synagogue, the total length of which is 70 feet, and 
 the extreme width is 40 feet ; the height from floor to ceiling is 
 about 30 feet ; this latter is cohered and richly c ecorated, gilt pen- 
 dants hang from the intersections. A ladies' galle y spans three sides 
 of the building, supported by luted columns, with foliated caps 
 and carved brackets. At the northern end of the Synagogue is 
 the byn (ark); this consists of two large columns, one on each 
 side, the shafts of which are painted to resemble Sienna msrble, 
 with richly foliated caps, the whole bearing a highly-enriched cor- 
 nice, on which are inscribed in Hebrew the words " Know before 
 Whom thou standest " ; the columns are backed by pilasters, and 
 the central portion filled by ar irch richly moulded with flowers, 
 fruits, etc., the opening of which is covered by r olished mahogany 
 doors and a heavy velvet curtain ; two triple lamps, one on each 
 side, shed their rays over the whole, and a perpetual lamp 
 hangs from the centre ; an ornamented tablet on the top of 
 the cornice, with the decalogue in Hebrew thereon, and a flight 
 of marble steps below, complete the tout enseivMe. Two tablets 
 with a prayer for the Royal family, in Hebrew and English res- 
 pectively on them, hang on each side of the ark. In the centre 
 of the building is the Tiiyi (reading desk) and choir, which is 
 panelled and decorated with fruits and flowers, richly gilded. 
 
 Jewish press in the colonies, would also not go unnoticed, for although the 
 Australian Jews do not now possess an organ of their ow n, yet the foundation 
 has been laid by that gentleman for its proper establishment, and for the 
 promotion of tbis most important mean? of fin therms; the ends and aims 
 and inculcating a correct understac ding of the tenets ai d truths of Judaism. 
 However, in a future publication now in course of preparation ("Jews and 
 Judaism in the Antipodes") these omissions wil be f dly supplied, and an 
 exhaustive record of the progress of Judaism in all its phases up to the 
 present time furnished.
 
 25 
 
 Sittings to the number of 402 run down the east, west and south 
 sides of the building, and 250 in the gallery, which are of carved 
 cedar, highly polished. Light is diffused through the Synagogue by 
 means of large windows glazed with frosted glass, with yellow and 
 ruby color stained glass borders alternately. Attached to the 
 Synagogue is a robingroom for ministers and choir, vestry room, 
 succah, etc. The original cost of the Synagogue was £11500, and 
 that of the renovation £2,500. A collection was made after 
 the ceremony had been gone through, and the sum of £500 
 subscribed, Moses Benjamin, Esq., J. P., being a contributor of 
 £100. 
 
 The Consecration in 1S77. 
 
 The ceremony of the consecration of this Synagogue, on the 
 occasion of its re-opening, took place on Sunday, 26th August, in 
 the afternoon, at three o'clock. There was a crowded congrega- 
 tion, the body of the building being filled with gentlemen, 
 amongst whom were a large number of Christians, the Rev. 
 Thomas Jones, the Poet preacher, and Eev Charles Strong, 
 being present. The ceremony commenced by the ministers and 
 officers of the several congregations in the colony bringing the 
 scrolls of the law to the door of the Synagogue. Each scroll 
 was inclosed in a velvet case, richly and variously ornamented. The 
 officiatingministers were the Eev. Dr. Dattner Jacobson, Melbourne 
 Hebrew congregation'; Eev. Eaphael Benjamin, B.A., Melbourne 
 Hebrew congregation ; Eev. Samuel Herman, Hebrew congrega- 
 tion, Greelong ; Eev Moses Eintel, East Melbourne Hebrew con- 
 gregation; Eev. Elias Blaubaum, Hebrew congregation. St. 
 Kilda ; Eev. J. M. Goldreich, Hebrew congregation, Ballarat.* 
 The congregation having taken their seats, the officiating minis- 
 ters, followed by the wardens of the Synagogue, brought the 
 scrolls of the law (24 in number) to the door of the building, and 
 the leading minister said — 
 
 " Open unto me the gates of righteousness ; 
 I will enter them, and praise the Lord." 
 The doors were then opened, and the procession, consisting of 
 the ministers and chief officers of the different congregations, 
 entered, each carrying a scroll. The procession having arrived at 
 the ark, commenced to seven times circuit the Synagogue. During 
 each circuit a psalm was chanted, and at the end of each chant, 
 while the leading minister stood under a canopy in front of the 
 ark, the choir sang the following verse : — § 
 
 " Thanks to thee, O Lord, we render, 
 
 Let Thy grace accept our lay ; 
 Words are all we now can tender, 
 
 All the homage man can pay." 
 
 * The Rev. Mr. Stone, of the Sandhurst Hebrew Congregation, was 
 absent through indisposition. 
 
 § The Rev. Raphael Benjamin's adaptation of a passage from Handel's 
 Judas Maccabaeus.
 
 26 
 
 The seven circuits having heen made, the procession approached 
 the ark. The heavy velvet curtain was withdrawn, the doors were 
 rolled back, and the scrolls of the law placed within. The Kev. 
 Mr. Benjamin then commenced the usual afternoon service, and 
 after it was gone through, the Rev. Dr. Diittner Jacobson deli- 
 vered an address. 
 
 The Kev. De. Dattnee Jacobson. 
 
 Although the leading tenets and principles of the religion of 
 the Hebrews are so simple and so easily learnt as not to require 
 any vast erudition to teach rudimentarily, and in a certain sense 
 every good Jew may be said to be his own priest ; yet this is by 
 no means a satisfactory or desirable situation for the Synagogue. 
 In times past the progress of Judaism has been slow, and its fol- 
 lowers devoted and zealous, as they undoubtedly are, have labored 
 under many and depressing disadvantages from the want of com- 
 petent instructors. Looking back upon the past, the road is 
 only now and again speckled with a few green and cheering oases, 
 in times when a revival of religious feeling and enthusiasm has 
 taken place ; but since the departure of the Rev. A. P. Ornstein 
 the Melbourne Hebrew congregation has been without an 
 actual head. Since then the services have been carried on 
 and the duties devolving upon the head were performed by 
 the Rev. Raphael Benjamin, B.A., who though originally 
 engaged as Teacher and Second Reader, yet when called upon to 
 perform more serious and important functions, supplied the want 
 and discharged his new and arduous duties in a manner which 
 reflected the greatest credit upon himself, and gave unbounded 
 satisfaction to the members of the congregation. Despite this 
 gentleman's exertions, however, the want of a qualified and com- 
 petent head was felt, and the appointment of the Rev. Dr. D. 
 Jacobson was hailed with heartfelt satisfaction. Under 
 his able leadership it is hoped that a new era of usefulness 
 and revival is opening for the professors of the Hebrew faith in 
 Melbourne, and that the beneficial influence of that gentleman's 
 presence will be felt throughout the colony. This gentleman 
 comes to Melbourne with University diplomas and testimonials from 
 some of the leading Jews in Europe, which speak in the highest 
 terms of his abilities and attainments. To speak of his erudition 
 and accomplishments would be to assume the character of a pane- 
 gyrist, and therefore we simply publish the sermon which he 
 delivered on the occasion of the consecration of the Synagogue 
 above referred to, without any comment on our own account. 
 As for the rev. and learned Doctor's powers of oratory, none of 
 those who were present on the occasion entertained any doubt, 
 and but one opinion could be entertained, while the opinions of 
 the daily press, which we extract, were of the most flattering 
 kind. Little doubt exists but that Dr. Jacobson is a born orator,
 
 27 
 
 and that if after but two months' study of English, he was able 
 to deliver such an address as that of the 2Gth, sure yet greater 
 things may be confidently expected. 
 
 THE SEKMON. 
 (Verbatim Meport.) 
 
 Hail, sacred temple, with thy holy precincts ! Ye rolls of the 
 law, mercy seat, and pulpit, I salute you, in the name of Him who 
 said " Let there be light." I salute you, also, honorable congre- 
 gation, who have come here to worship and to glorify your God. 
 
 Dear friends, when I consider the great importance of the sub- 
 ject of my present discourse, and reflect upon the fact that, as 
 regards the use of your beautiful language every one of this res- 
 pectable assembly, compared with myself, is like a giant to a 
 dwarf, or as a cedar-tree to a little insignificant plant. Verily, I 
 must exclaim, as the great Moses did to God, ^im *3 O Lord, 
 my God, o:« onm wn xb. I am not a man of eloquence, 
 ^3« \wb -mm HQ "DD »3 for I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue. 
 By no means, dear brethren, do I stand here now to make a display 
 of my rhetoric, and much less to boast of my knowledge, which is 
 not more than a tiny drop out of the boundless ocean. But the 
 deep importance of the subject, and my assurance of your kind 
 indulgence inspire me with courage and confidence, and induce me 
 to believe that though my speech be faulty, you, dear friends, 
 will be able to understand me, even as the Lord answered Moses, 
 mab no City >o. Cease, Moses, from thy complaining. Who 
 made man's mouth ? It is the Lord God, I say, whom we are all 
 assembled here to worship and adore. Therefore, I fear not, and 
 I am not discouraged to salute this holy re-decorated house, 
 ■p Crtbttf nj mxiN W) ^M jyob. On behalf of my brethren 
 and friends, sacred temple, I render thee my salutations. 
 i? Slto ntypns irnbH JTn }i?nb. On behalf of the Lord God 
 I offer thee greeting. 
 
 3p}P Tbn** ^to ^ D exclaims Balaam in Scripture, whilst praising 
 Israel. How lovely are thy tents, O Jacob ! b»iw TmwtyD and 
 thy tabernacles, O Israel. '*i i?t03 D^bntO. Like the trees of lign- 
 aloes planted by God — D^a ^bm by DlIM — as cedar trees beside the 
 waters. This image, my friends, although it was depicted 
 fully three thousand years ago, proves itself to be a most exact 
 one again in our own days. For as the lign-aloe and the cedar 
 are conspicuous for their perfect beauty, so is Israel now dis- 
 tinguished for perfect beauty iu all its forms of worship. 
 
 irmxT »b» Mt is Israel's watchword. This is my God, in whom is 
 centred all beauty. lunnb ~nm nil. His garment — namely, the 
 great universe, is the expression of the most perfect beauty. 
 
 »&V fib^ Vio»w W fitft. His chosen capital, Jerusalem, was 
 called " complete beauty"— DW f\tk *T)1 US 1 "pit. Says the Syna- 
 gogue to her God, " Oh, how beautiful art thou, my Beloved !
 
 28 
 
 How I discern in Thee the highest ideal of the most perfect 
 beauty ! The heavy oppression of our forefathers, which weighed 
 down upon them during the last centuries, dulled in them in some 
 measure the delicate taste for beauty which at all times was 
 proper to Israel. But the Israelite of the present day is begin- 
 ning, by the free development of his power, once more to acknow- 
 ledge, in the sphere of his religion, the claims of the Beautiful, 
 and especially in his places of worship. What beautiful and 
 magnificent Synagogues have been, during the last century, 
 erected [in Israel ! What holy emulation has animated men 
 and women to adorn the places of devotion, the rolls of the 
 law, the ark, the reading-desk, and the pulpit ! Yes, yes, we 
 must confess that since the destruction of the Temple in Jeru- 
 salem, and the Synagogue in Alexandria, Israel scarcely ever 
 had Synagogues so exquisitely majestic, so heart-refreshing, and 
 tending to inspire us with devotion, as at the present day. 
 
 'l i*DJ ErbnM. The Judaism of the present, which, like the 
 lign-aloe trees and cedars, distinguishes itself by a strong and 
 powerful stem, knows how to stand up manly and seriously when 
 it has to maintain its place and position. This Judaism — namely 
 of the present day — has nothing to hide and nothing to conceal. 
 The gates of its beautiful Synagogues it can open widely, and call 
 everybody that passes by outside that he should only enter. 
 Here, Judaism exclaims, lie my prayer-books, in Hebrew, Eng- 
 lish, and German ! Bead only the hymns which we have this day 
 sung out of them. 
 
 bl 1Si?D • , D , pD. God raiseth up the poor from the dust, and 
 also poor Israel from his oppression. Dis "»3ib ffi3 psn. " The 
 earth God gave to mankind," nor has he excluded Israel from the 
 right of possessing it. irbhif DTiDM nb. The dead cannot praise 
 God, that is, according to the explanation of the Talmud. 
 bioa ty^n nbi^ Dry and withered palms must not be used. 
 rPlbbiT DTion «b "iD^oty Because religion ought not to consist of 
 dead and chilling formulas and ceremonies, but must be full of life 
 and perennial freshness. 
 
 See here, dear visitors, these silver-adorned rolls which we 
 carry about and kiss in our Synagogues, is our Thora. Do you 
 know what is written therein ? TiDD *imb fiirmi is written in it — 
 " Love thy neighbour as thyself." Come to our dwelling-places, 
 to our homes, there also you will find written on the door-posts, 
 nnn^l — " Love and Friendship." Come to us every morning 
 when we put the phylacteries on our hands and heads. There, 
 too, you will find written rDMNl — " Love and Friendship." Yes, 
 indeed, we heartily rejoice at this command, and we would still 
 more rejoice if you also would take this command to heart when 
 dealing with us. This is our pulpit, which, notwithstanding its 
 small space, has nevertheless room enough for the salvation of all 
 nations that are susceptible of the feeling of Love and Humanity,
 
 29 
 
 d>d >by DTIS3. Yes, Judaism of the present is not the less to 
 be compared to the lign-aloes and cedars, which are distinguished 
 for their fragrance and refreshing shade. 
 
 Our ancestors in Germany and Poland have bequeathed to us 
 a sad inheritance. They occupied themselves very little with that 
 which was written outside of their narrow circle. It very seldom 
 happened that Jews learnt the languages in which the masterpieces 
 of literature were w ritten, and scarcely were they able to express 
 their ideas in intelligible language ; the consequence of which 
 was that during many centuries a literature was spread which 
 heaped on the Jewish name hatred and scorn, without even one 
 Jew being found who could take up his pen and refute the calum- 
 nies hurled at them by the defamers of their name. 
 
 But the Judaism of the present day, which has learned the 
 languages of the nations, was, and is, in a position to enter on a 
 war with the pen ; to defend it victoriously, and make it honored 
 and respected. 
 
 Now, should it be asked what have the Jews done to further 
 the welfare of humanity at large ? With what discoveries or 
 inventions have they distinguished themselves ? To that question 
 the Judaism of the present would reply : For 1800 years I have 
 been a witness to the whole world that religion may develop itself 
 and exist without the support of the sword and State ! 
 
 Listen ! Prom a pulpit in the French capital, about 28 years 
 ago, one of the most celebrated non-Jewish preachers — the great 
 Lacordaire — in addressing his audience, spoke of the Jews. He 
 did not speak of their cunning, nor of their duplicity. No, just 
 the reverse. He proved to his hearers that the Jewish people is 
 the most wonderful, social, and religious creation of antiquity. 
 " Do you wish to have a conception of the gigantic structure of 
 the Mosaic law," he exclaimed, "just recall to your memory, you 
 sons of Prance, how many times even within the last half century 
 you have altered your laws ; and if you require another proof of 
 the durability of the Mosaic code, you will find that proof in the 
 Jews of the present day. For 1800 years Israel existed without 
 a ruler, without a Temple, without a country, merely by force of 
 their religious ideas." 
 
 " Do you not see," he again exclaimed, " that Israel defies the 
 whole world ; that of all the other nations, Israel alone has an 
 existence of 4000 years, without there being as yet the slightest 
 indication of a dissolution. Try and dig Israel the deepest of 
 graves ; immure it as securely as you wish, and place sentinels 
 round about that grave, smilingly will Israel rise again, and prove 
 to you that all material efforts are powerless against the spirit." 
 
 Again, accompany me to the capital of the Netherlands, and I 
 will show another witness, says the Judaism ot the present. 
 There also preached, 150 years ago, one of your renowned ministers 
 — the eloquent iSaurin — the subject of his sermon being Charity.
 
 30 
 
 We are told that his words made such a powerful impression 
 on his audience that before they had left the church they gave all 
 their valuables which they had with them away to the poor. 
 
 But the question is, by what means did that preacher produce 
 such an effect on his hearers ? By what means ? Through no 
 other but the description of the Jewish mode of giving charity. 
 He described to them how the Jews of old gave their firstlings, 
 their tithes, and sacrifices. He also enumerated the countless 
 Jewish injunctions relating to sympathy for the poor, for stran- 
 gers, widows and orphans. He also laid stress on the fact that 
 at the present day, even in the smallest Jewish community, there 
 is a charitable society for the purpose of assisting the poor, to 
 which society every Jew contributes according to his means. 
 This description of Jewish benevolence, which is worthy of emu- 
 lation, acted as powerfully on his own audience as it did on the 
 whole family of European nations, and helped to elevate their 
 moral sentiment. 
 
 Tour benevolent institutions, and the congregation here assem- 
 bled to-day, also bear witness to the whole world how dear and 
 sacred to you is the honor of Israel and that of his God. 
 Who would not conscientiously acknowledge at the first sight 
 of this sacred edifice that you are the rightful and unmistakable 
 descendants of the Patriarch Jacob, who when turned away from 
 the house of his father, and left without any worldly possessions, 
 nevertheless said to his Maker, 'iny a<nbn iTPP dk ? With thy 
 assistance, God, undbb Till Von!? OW ^ jnJI if Thou only grant 
 me bread to eat and raiment to wear ~\b WttWN low "6 jnn luw b$ 
 I will even from this scanty allowance devote a tenth part to Thy 
 holy service. 
 
 So, also, you descendants of the Patriarch Jacob — which of you 
 enjoys the dew of heaven ? Which of you lives upon the fat of 
 the land ? Which of you has not to earn his livelihood and 
 the necessities of his household with the sweat of his brow? 
 And yet, as soon as your contributions were required for reli- 
 gious purposes, to build and renovate the outward and visible 
 sign of Judaism, nobody complained of want of means, and 
 everything required was given richly and in abundance. 
 *]b iriUWN 1UW ~>b fnn num bl. Yes, to adorn Thy Temple, O Lord, 
 I willingly give a portion even of my scanty means, and devote 
 it to Thee with heartfelt joy. 
 
 Allow me, therefore, dear friends, to be on this occasion the 
 representative of your religious feelings, like the firstlings placed 
 into the hands of the priest, to offer to our God with filial grati- 
 tude your deep devotion, and to pray for his gracious acceptance. 
 
 Heavenly Father, receive the fervent words of thanks which 
 come from the depths of the hearts of this congregation. 
 rmtn rrVttJn rwitwin n» "psy TO nru nnw is the unanimous con- 
 fession. Thy merciful assistance alone have we to thank for the
 
 31 
 
 completion of this our work. To Thy honor have we renovated 
 this Temple, and to Thee we also consecrate it to-day, wherein 
 Thy glory shall henceforth be praised. To Thee we consecrate 
 all that is comprised within these walls. To Thee we consecrate 
 the rolls of the Law, and may the word of life contained in them, 
 penetrate all our hearts, and remain a faithful guide and compa- 
 nion throughout our whole life. To Thee we consecrate this 
 pulpit from which Thy word shall re-echo and take deep root in 
 our souls. To Thee we consecrate the tom 13, the perpetual 
 burning lamp, emblem of Thy soul- warming religious flame, which 
 by degrees must thaw and break up ice-cold religious opinions. 
 And to Thee we also offer our heart-felt prayers, which we pour 
 out in this place, with the conviction that they will ascend to Thy 
 seat on high. 
 
 But, Lord, mar not the hope which we are entitled to expect 
 from Thy hands, and fulfil Thy promise rtenrt btti rmn b« y\nwb 
 graciously to accept every prayer of Thy subjects. Bestow Thy 
 bounty on the poor one who comes to pray before Thee. Raise 
 his despairing soul and inspire him with hope. Wipe, we beseech 
 Thee, the hot tears of the widow, and solace the sorrowful heart 
 of the orphan who comes to supplicate before Thee. Illumine 
 their cabins and houses, and let them be convinced that Thy mercy 
 was, is t and will be the Judge of the widow, and Father of the 
 orphan. 
 
 From our innermost hearts we also pray, O Lord, for the peace 
 and happiness of our gracious and beloved sovereign lady, Queen 
 Victoria. Bless her with the love of the nations ; with peace in 
 her dominions, and with happiness in her family ; and may she 
 long continue to reign on the throne of her ancestors. Grant, 
 also, O Lord, that our much beloved Albert Edward, Prince of 
 "Wales, may grow in glory like the strong cedar of Lebanon, and 
 let his name shine like a star on the horizon. Guide and protect 
 also, our estimable and trustworthy Governor, and all the Minis- 
 ters and Servants of the Crown who mete out justice and spread 
 truth, who propagate knowledge, who guard the peace, and devote 
 their energies to their country's welfare. Bless also, O Lord, our 
 congregation ; the much-esteemed and trusted board of manage- 
 ment, who have made great sacrifices for the accomplishment of 
 this work. May peace and concord always prevail amongst them 
 so that they work in unison, and call into existence many humane 
 and charitable works. 
 
 Thus, my dear friends, I behold this sacred temple finished, 
 founded by good men of whom Judaism may justly be proud. 
 And to show that you acknowledge and appreciate the deeds of 
 these good and noble men, it becomes you to share with them 
 their due on this occasion, and give mitop rmbo nnt mtiW nrm Fp 
 A handful of pure gold mixed with the incense of gratitude.
 
 32 
 
 Hoping their honored names will be engraved on the hearts of 
 the pious members of this congregation, who will venerate their 
 memory which deserves everlasting recognition and whose feelings 
 I at present endeavor to express. 
 
 The following criticisms on Dr. Jacobson's sermon appeared in 
 the papers of the following day : — 
 
 " The rev. gentleman preached in English, and considering that 
 three months since he could scarcely express himself in that 
 language, his sermon was an eloquent one." — Argus. 
 
 "The Rev. Dr. Jacobson delivered an impassioned address. 
 And as Dr. Jacobson has only been in the colony three or four 
 months, and at the time he landed could not speak English, great 
 astonishment was expressed at his eloquent discourse." — Age. 
 
 " And what was really the most interesting event of the 
 ceremony took place. Dr. Dattner Jacobson, who has only been 
 three months in the colony, and who when he came could neither 
 understand nor speak the simplest sentence in English, was to 
 preach for the first time in the language. Dr. Jacobson brought 
 with him a reputation as an eminent Hebrew and Latin scholar. 
 His preaching while here has been in German, and good German 
 scholars who have heard him have spoken enthusiastically of his 
 eloquence. That he should in three months be able to master 
 English sufficiently to enable him to stand before a critical 
 audience and preach an extempore sermon, was regarded as very 
 hazardous. The rev. gentleman, however, more than justified his 
 determination, and aftbrded ample proof that his repute for 
 erudition and intellectual power was in no way exaggerated. His 
 language was not only correct, but it was graceful, nervous and 
 forcible ; and though much practice will be required before his 
 pronunciation is free from peculiarity, it is even now quite 
 inoffensive, and every word can be understood. The feat, as a 
 linguistic and mental effort has probably never been surpassed." 
 — Daily Telegraph. 
 
 -N3
 
 33 
 
 SERMON DELIVERED BY DR. JA.COBSON, ON THE 
 FIRST DAY ROSH HASHANA. 
 
 Dear Fbiends, — 
 
 We are told that when Moses had finished the writing of the Law, 
 he commanded the bearers of the Ark T~^in minn iqd na r\pb 
 to take this book of the Law 'i nm p*iN iTto nniK Dnoun place it 
 beside the Ark of the Lord 'tyb *p Dttf rvm and shall there be 
 as a witness against you. Indeed, the whole; of our life is very 
 much like a book ! Our years and days form its divisions and 
 chapters ; and our deeds and works are the words and sentences 
 which are noted in it. Three books, says the Talmud, are opened 
 in Heaven on '*~i '1 day. In one of them, the sentence of the 
 righteous is at once, without any delay, written down for ever- 
 lasting life. In the second, the sentence of the irreclaimable 
 sinner is immediately noted down to everlasting perdition. And 
 the third book is open for the undecided, who are wavering in 
 their minds, and whose sentence is reserved by the Heavenly 
 Judge. To give a more lucid explanation, we shall see that this 
 dictum of the Talmud means that ti.e life of man appears before 
 the Judge of the Universe in three different categories, namely — 
 the pious, who fill up the days of their lives with works of truth 
 and deeds of charity ; those righteous people adorn and embellish 
 with their own hands their records, ao that tneir whole existence 
 in this world becomes a a"nn 1QD a book of life, in which their 
 names appear illuminated with honor and glory. On the other 
 hand, the wicked and sinful, whose doings are ungodly, disfigure 
 their book with imager of death anu corruption. Not a single 
 ray of worth lights it up ; not a single redeeming quality to plead 
 for them— nothing but dark fiendish apparitions dwell in it, that 
 at once drag them down into the bottomless pit. Again, those who 
 are undecided and weakminded, who are continually wavering, 
 vacillating and oscillating between Heaven and earth ; the 
 d-d'^d ifw by otidib those who waver between two opinions, 
 wao jump from one thing to the other — now fearing God, and 
 scon again committing sin; who are ready to change sides at 
 ar y moment — such scrawl and illegible writing with which they 
 fill their book of life the all-knowing God alone can read and 
 understand 
 
 Yes, dear friends, man is a blank, and his deeds and actions 
 are accurately expressed on it in his own style, and as long that 
 ho takes care to preseive the balance between the corporeal and 
 spiritual — that his imperishable and immortal soul receives as. 
 
 c
 
 34 
 
 much aliment as his short-lived and corruptible hody requires — 
 he still may call himself master over his passions, and may confi- 
 dently appear every morning before iiis Creator, and say 
 »>n rmnto >n nriiti; riDtttt tt^n The soul which Thou hast entrusted to 
 me is uncorrupted and preserved in her pristine purity without a 
 blemish. Very different, however, is it with the negligent, who 
 does not calculate, and is carried away by the stream 
 of his natural desires and passions, wallowing in the 
 mire of his sensuality. Such a man does not know what real 
 pleasure is. He is unable to appreciate the bliss and happiness 
 of him who calmly enjoys the pleasures of an undisturbed soul — 
 of him who does not allow himself to be enslaved by his unlawful 
 passions. Such a person's soul is continually bemoaning herself 
 and complaining. She thus reasons with herself: "How deplorable 
 my lot is to inhabit such a body ! Tell me, all ye sluggish mem- 
 bers, where is your solemn promise you made in the first hour of 
 our meeting ? Where is your tribute which you owe me ? Where 
 is your submission due to the heaven-born daughter which took 
 up her temporary abode within you ? Do you not know that I 
 am mistress of the bodily abode ? Are you not aware that your 
 existence was solely created for my convenience ? Ho you forget 
 that your proud dwelling-place will again become dark and deso- 
 late as soon that I leave it ? Notwithstanding all that, I do not 
 assume any authority over you ; and all that I claim is the right 
 of an undisturbed existence, without trying to encroach on your 
 liberty. But you, members of the body, mock and scorn me ! 
 Not only do you snatch away from my mouth my scanty spiritual 
 nourishment, but you even make me the tool of your base and 
 hateful pursuits, and daily and hourly you plague me for your 
 convenience, just like an impudent maid-servant who drives away 
 her mistress." *)Qyo TTiD^ DIN Man's earthly garb, what more is 
 it than a foreign substance ? and after it has done its work, and 
 no more of any use, is thrown away. And yet "inn!? »!'' lttf&il 
 this foreign substance forces the rightful mistress to waive her 
 privileges ; to lower her position and provide man's requirements. 
 In such a case, of course, the beautiful mechanism — man — becomes 
 degraded. Because bnia p»l wy ivi-d intwn D^nD bwa 
 it debases his humanity, and degrades his destiny ; his whole 
 being is shattered and resembles a broken earthen vessel, mowed 
 grass, and the faded flower : he, like those things, is in such a 
 case disfigured and worthless. 
 
 Now, dear friencs, let us read a passage from Holy Writ 
 which bears on the subject, and faithfully illustrates our previous 
 meditation. Right n the middle of the ninety -nine maledictions 
 we find the following verse : — pTW Win n« Ti'Dtt " And I 
 will remember my covenant with Isaac, says the Lord, 
 "cm DiTQN Pr"")! m« t\M I will also remember my covenant with
 
 35 
 
 Abraham. "dik p«m I shall also remember the Land." 
 It is strikingly conspicuous that this piece of soothing 
 consolation should have been inserted right in the midst of the 
 most frightful maledictions, which make one's hair stand on end 
 when reading them. However, according to our interpretation, 
 that passage contains very little consolation indeed. In fact, it 
 partakes more of the nature of a warning to the Israelitish nation 
 than anything else. It is indisputable that Israel, if ever so 
 fallen and deeply immersed in sin, can still hold its own, and 
 favorably compare itself with the heathen nations. But the Lord 
 says to them nro'N'i H3 "ob Come, Israel, let us have our cause 
 tried before another court. I am no more in a position to deliver 
 judgment in a suit concerning myself. What is your plea ? You 
 always compare yourself with other nations, and show how much 
 better you are than they. arwniK W« «3 isb If you are making 
 comparisons, just compare yourself to the greatness and goodness 
 of your own ancestors. And how would you then appear ? A 
 small figure, indeed, you would make alongside those giants of 
 righteousness and piety. As to the comparison of Israel with 
 the other nations of the world, we think that the case is similar 
 to that of two criminals who w* re tried in a certain country for 
 high treason. Both men were accused of one and the same crime, 
 and both had an equal share in it. The judge inquired after their 
 names, their antecedents, and their family connections. One 
 told his interlocutor who he was, and who his relations were. 
 But as soon as the judge heard who the prisoner's father was, he 
 interrupted him, and told him he knew enough already. " Oh, 
 so and so was your lather ! I have had the pleasure of making 
 that gentleman's acquaintance many years ago; he was tried 
 before me for murder, and was convicted. You belong to a very 
 nice family ! I have studied your pedigree. You belong to a 
 brood of thieves and murderers ; there is not a good one in the 
 whole of your family." And now came the turn of the second 
 prisoner to be examined. Him, also, the judge asked the same 
 questions as he did of the first, to which the second prisoner 
 very briefly replied, saying that his father was the celebrated 
 preacher in such-and-such a place; his death was universally 
 regretted and deeply lamented. And who was your father's 
 lather, again asked the judge ? To which the prisoner answered 
 that he also had been a great Kabbi in a certain province, where 
 his memory is still venerated. "Without hesitation, the judge 
 sentenced him to longer imprisonment and to a severer punish- 
 ment than his fellow-prisoner. This severe sentence was an un- 
 expected thunderbolt which almost confounded him, and anxiously 
 he asked the judge why his punishment should be severer than 
 that of his accomplice, since they had both an equal share in the 
 crime? Whereupon the judge explained to him, and gave him 
 his reason. "You know," he said to the prisoner, "that the 
 
 1
 
 36 
 
 apple, as a rule, does not fall far from the tree. Tour accom- 
 plice, of course, I know, was not less concerned in the commit- 
 ting of the crime than yon. But you must not forget that he is 
 a professional criminal and so were all his relations for many 
 generations back. But with you t'le ca^e is qvite different. You 
 belong to a noble race. Xou were brought up on the knees of a 
 renowned and religious father, whose lineage is one of the noblest 
 in the land. And now, tell me yourself if you don't deserve a 
 greater punishment than the other prisoner, your accomplice ? 
 Eemember you have disgraced your father in his grave ! You 
 have trampled with your own feet your noble pedigree ! " The 
 analogy between Israel and these two criminals is now self- 
 evident. 
 
 By rights, Israel ought not to receive from God a severer 
 punishment than the rest of the nations of the world, for the 
 crimes of all of them are alike. But the question is here only of 
 family connection and lineage. How ; are the heathen nations 
 also of noble origin ? Canaan, from Ham ; Javan, from Nimrod ; 
 Mizraim, from Ishmael ; Edom, from Esau — a brood of criminals, 
 of thieves and murderers, whose memory cannot be outraged. 
 
 Israel, on the other hand, can point to his ancestors with pride. 
 And for this very reason, because they are proud of their ances- 
 tors, the degradation of bheir pride goes against them, and their 
 sins weigh heavier in the scale of judgment. And, now we shall 
 understand why that seemingly consoling verse appears amongst 
 the most frightful maledictions. Drvrma pae onia »m»m 
 The Thora forewarns Israel "I shall let you be carried 
 away into the land of your enemies 32111? n» Wl» Wfi to give me 
 satisfaction for your sins " But do you know the reason why I 
 shall deal so mercilessly with you, because npy Tim m« Wttn 
 because I will bear in mind that I made a covenant with Jacob ; 
 on whose knees you were nursed and brought up, I cannot 
 forget. idj« Drma »r»*in n« tp\ prim >n^a n« f]w 
 And because I also shall remember who your grandfather and 
 your great-grandfather weie; therefore, ono ntyn p»m there- 
 fore you must leave thecouatry — a puaishmmt which T would 
 not inflict on other na/fcio as. In tne saiae ms inner, and iyr the 
 same reason, does the Israelii b h nation as a waole, and ev-jry in- 
 dividual Israelite for himself, form an ex^eptio 1 on 'n '1 An often 
 that the Jewish new year begins, so ofte:i agai l that day reminds 
 us with its doleful and merry impressions, t mt everyone of us 
 ought to examine himself a un. We ought to examine again 
 our book of life, and xeac it ta/ough carefully, so that the person 
 ma y — though not knowirg WFh certain;/ what is in stors for him 
 to happen during the ue:.t year — at least to be able to guess and 
 imagine what might happen.
 
 37 
 
 The unhappy one, dear friends, whose book of life till now was 
 nothing but a nyt* rtao " a collection of woes and sorrows," 
 wherein nothing but sighs and tears were inserted, and from 
 beginning to end is almost filled with mpittl niDl¥ ^Tt 
 hunger and lamentations. Let that uihappy one pay atten- 
 tion to the merry and joyous imp -tsssions of this 'n 'l day ; and 
 let him return to his God, who will take pity of him, and order 
 his angels — D5^m 31DD tmrrn by lira Write down in that godly 
 man's book his own wishes and desires, and let his n^N nblD be 
 changed into a 'w'nw r&JD into a book of joyful songs, in which 
 henceforth may be read nraNi pJ> idji mw nnoan puw Happi- 
 ness and joy shall be his lot, sorrow and care far from his cot. 
 
 And the happy one — he who is already in possession of such a 
 book — let him mark and pay attention to the doleful impressions 
 of the 'n '*i day , and let him endeavor to devote himself the more 
 to that which is good and noble, so that he may remain blessed, 
 and that the blessings which he enjoys at present might not be 
 changed into curses. Let him take care that his soul should not self- 
 guiltily accuse herself before God. mro nty« fiDDD «3 ^no p« a»l 
 Forgive me, O Lord, my transgressions ; and if not, blot out 
 my name from Thy book, which Thou hast written ; and that the 
 Lord should not have to reply nQDD uhdh >b «an itttK "D Yes, he 
 who sins before me, I will blot out from my book. And let the 
 miser and avaricious, who till now has only followed the call of 
 his passions, which urged him to take a great tablet and write on 
 it in large characters n tyn bbtlf inob " Plunder and rob quickly." 
 Let him on this 'n'n day crush " this great tablet" under the moun- 
 tain of his stony heart, and let him acquire in its place the 
 tablets of Israel's covenant. He who is friendless and quarrel- 
 some, whose book of life is a rnorfe 'd a book of wars which 
 he constantly carries about him, and is even at war with himself ; 
 and n&lDn am n« is continually foaming and dashing his 
 violent waves : him let the 'iVl day remind ntt» TiNty imp that 
 he is his own cruel enemy. Him let God give quietness, and 
 bless him with peace. 
 
 And the pious one, who has always been leading an enviable 
 course of life : him let the 'n 'l day remind, and urge to new 
 perseverance in doing good and noble deeds; and let him con- 
 tinue his *wn 'd ; his book of righteousness ; his mWDii 'd ; his 
 book of duties ; his iTTinn 'd ; his book of the Law : and, 
 finally, his Motrin 'ohis book of wisdom, in which his noble deeds 
 may be i ascribed and handed down to posterity, and which the 
 Lord God looks upon with pleasure, and commands his servants 
 1DD3 p*Dt riK! ^in:: The man's name who in my book is reported 
 shall have no sorrow nor be heavy-hearted; but joy, love and 
 happiness to him be allotted.
 
 38 
 
 Dear friends, as I am not in the position to know your indivi- 
 dual inclinations, wants, desires and wishes ; and not being able 
 to wish every one of you separately that your prayers may have 
 been accepted ; believe me, therefore, to have discharged a small 
 part of my duty if I wish you all together from the depth of my 
 heart a Dibtin riD^ii n3ti> a year full of blessings and happiness . 
 
 May God Almighty, in the year 'n 'b 'Yn increase your wealth 
 a thousandfold, and may you obtain all and everything according 
 to your own wishes. }DK. 
 
 SEEMON PEEACHED BY DE. JACOBSON ON THE 
 
 EVE OF THE DAY OE ATONEMENT. 
 
 Wo no low Watchman, what of the night ? rr>bo no 1DW 
 Watchman, what from the night ? nW Dn "ipil nn« IDlty 1D» 
 The watchman says, " The morning comes after the night ! " 
 vn» mty Tin p^in D« If you wish to ask more questions, come 
 some other time. 
 
 The night of the tenth of Tishri has once more arrived ; — it is 
 the day on which Israel sheds oceans of tears ! If you look 
 round, you will see that whilst one is complaining of his hard and 
 unbearable lot, another is sighing and lamenting over some fatal 
 disease which gnaws at his vitals ; and perhaps in the third corner 
 a still more appalling sight will meet your eye. There, widows 
 and orphans, deep in mourning, are weeping ; shedding hot tears, 
 bemoaning their desolate condition. Into that corner the bright 
 sheen of our temple does not penetrate ; and, notwithstanding 
 the numerous burning lights, total darkness reigns in their hearts. 
 There is no balm for their wounds, no consolation for the trea- 
 sures which death has snatched away from them, and are now 
 reposing in the silent grave. Too great is their affliction ; and, 
 therefore, the Almighty mtO¥ readily allows them to avail them- 
 selves of His mercies, held out to them on the tenth of Tishri. 
 -\bnn *m3 MUWN "iHDT Yes, and to-morrow is the day appointed on 
 which the King's command will be executed. 
 
 The miDD gives a different reading of the passage just quoted. 
 It reads : 1n» tin |n» mm " Do not say I shall give to-morrow 
 when you can give to-day," says Solomon. And Samuel says — 
 ■•ny *p:n nnK irroi " To-morrow, King Saul, shalt thou and thy 
 sons be with me." And, again, we find that the Lord ordered
 
 39 
 
 Israel DSrnbottf iDiai "inoi avn Dntinjn " Sanctify yourself to-day 
 and to-morrow, and wash your garments." Oh, how difficult it 
 is for me, dear friends, to make you understand the full meaning 
 and the great import of the exhortations contained in those scat- 
 tered passages. Let me, therefore, try with the aid of a simple 
 illustration to explain them. A merchant who was about to go 
 on a long journey assembled before his departure the whole of his 
 family to wish them farewell. His children noticed in him an 
 unusual sadness, and inquired for its cause. " You have left us 
 many times before, dear father," the children said to him, " and 
 you never were so sad as on this occasion." " Ah, dear children," 
 answered he, " you wish to know the reason ? Know, then, that 
 the road which I am to travel this time is a very dangerous one, 
 and many are the sccidents that have happened on it to other 
 travellers. Suppose, now, that I assembled you an hour before 
 my death, should I then not be sad ? And this, also, might be 
 our last meeting, for who can tell what will happen." And now, 
 dear friends, you will understand what this illustration has to do 
 with the subject of my discourse. 
 
 Two seasons are offered to Israel for repentance. The Day of 
 Atonement is the season for the whole nation ; and the last hour 
 before parting from our earthly sojourn is the individual Israelite's 
 time to repent, rrnnn lb D'-iniK mob ntoii rvnm 'D " Whosoever 
 is near his death," say our sages, " ask him to repent." In former 
 days, when the world was several thousand years younger, it was 
 quite different to what it is now. Then the human race was 
 healthy, strong, and robust, and sickness was almost a thing 
 unknown. In those days the 3'JTP was not observed exclusively 
 as a day of lamentation and repentance. In those days every 
 person could safely rely on his calm conscience, and commence 
 his journey without any misgivings, hoping that sufficient time 
 would be left to him for repenting before his death. But very 
 different it is at present. Now the human race is subject to all 
 kinds of diseases. We are harassed by troubles and cares; 
 obstacles are met with at each step and moment of our life. 
 
 Wa fbz l?:n p«l iijn »bl nyw p« Not an hour passes without 
 affliction, and no moment without that some accident happens. 
 No, in our days we cannot and dare not put off our confessions 
 and repentance. If we think it well with ourselves, we must 
 embrace the first opportunity which offers itself to us, and not 
 wait lest it grow dark and it be too late. Just carry back your 
 memory, dear friends, for a few moments, and think of those who 
 have been with us last D'iTP, but are no more amongst us here 
 to-night. Think of those who last 5'iTP still prayed with you 
 here, na D3b 'D nnin Say do you not notice the considerable 
 gap which has-been left since ? Whom did the departed leave in 
 their places ? * Whom did they leave ? Inconsolable wives with
 
 40 
 
 broken hearts and unhappy children ! And are we better off than 
 those who passed away from amongst us ? And that is what the 
 rrriDQ says : Take care, son of Israel ! Do not trust to the 
 promptings of your wicked inclinations, saying there is yet time 
 enough to repent; nnu^Dn b» DVH m^ in your excitement and freaks 
 of folly, you think that bein; 1 - strong and healthy you may go on 
 enjoying yourself, for you think that evil is yet far off, niM>N inm 
 "I^DH *\yV2 and to-morrow will be time enough to give account of 
 yourself to the King. But you must remember -|nM uvi jriN iriDi 
 I advise you not to put trust in the morrow, if you can do it 
 to-day, whilst you are with me. For , Di> yiy\ nm inni how do 
 you know that to-morrow you shall not have already begun your 
 journey, and departed from this world without having carried out 
 your intentions ^ivp > bvnw rnj? bs b« inni and an innocent Israel 
 shall have to suffer for your negligence in leaving unforgiven sins 
 behind. And, therefore, DDnlbnttf 1D3D1 inoi nvn nnttnpi accomplish 
 to-day what you intend to do to-morrow. Cleanse yourself of 
 your iniquities runn W 1N'11 > »!? ItiW *U> before death has entered 
 in your house. Do not be ashamed to confess before your God 
 that which never was a secret to Him. Kneel down and be your own 
 high priest in the sanctuary of sanctuaries, and say Vfiy Dtyn K3N 
 Oh, Father, I have fatally wounded myself iqd DU>n N3K Oh, 
 Father, come quickly to my rescue ! Amen.
 
 MICKVEH YISRAEL 
 
 a$t 3$dforom$ %kw €mm0k% 
 
 ESTABLISHED MARCH 5617-1857.
 
 PRESIDENTS AND TREASURERS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 East Melbourne Webi\ew Congregation 
 FKOM ITS FOUNDATION. 
 
 Year. 
 
 President. 
 
 Treasurer. 
 
 1858-5619 ... 
 
 M. NELSON 
 
 S. SOLOMON 
 
 1859-5620 ... 
 
 M. NELSON 
 
 J. HART 
 
 1860-5621 ... 
 
 M. NELSON 
 
 *ABM, WOLFF 
 L. DAVIS 
 
 1861-5622 ... 
 
 L. DAVIS 
 
 S. COHEN 
 
 1862-5628 ... 
 
 L. DAVIS 
 
 S. COHEN 
 
 1863-5624 ... 
 
 L. DAVIS 
 
 A. WAXMAN 
 
 1864-5625 ... 
 
 S. SOLCBERG 
 
 A. WAXMAN 
 
 1865-5625 ... 
 
 H. J HART 
 
 M. ANDERSON. 
 
 1866-5626 ... 
 
 H. I- HART 
 
 M. ANDERSON 
 
 1867-5627 ... 
 
 H J. HART 
 
 L. C. GERSCHEL 
 
 1868-5629 ... 
 
 H. J. HART 
 
 L. C. GERSCHEL 
 
 1869-5629 ... 
 
 L. C. GERSCHEL 
 
 A. WAXMAN 
 
 1870-5630 ... 
 
 A. WAX MAN 
 
 W. DAVIS 
 
 1871-5631 ... 
 
 A. WAX MAN 
 
 W. DAVIS 
 
 1872-5632 ... 
 
 W. DAVIS 
 
 J. COHEN 
 
 1873-5633 ... 
 
 W. DAVIS 
 
 J. COHEN 
 
 1874-5634 ... 
 
 J. COHEN 
 
 JL. C. GERSCHEL 
 
 1875-5635 ... 
 
 H. J HART 
 
 M. HERMAN 
 
 1876-5636 ... 
 
 H. J. HART 
 
 M. HERMAN 
 
 1877:5637 ... 
 
 A. WAXMAN 
 
 M. HERMAN 
 
 • Resigned. % Resigned.
 
 ESTABLISHMENT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 The most striking feature of the Jewish Synagogue is the sin- 
 gular unity of its history. Since the dispersion of the people and 
 the close of their political existence, its annals know no schism of 
 any kind. No new doctrines have risen to confound the intellect 
 or disturb the faith of its professors. The Jewish creed, long 
 ago rooted in the hearts of the children of Israel, is one and indi- 
 visible, and is beyond the power of false prophets, and no deceptive 
 teachers can sever the ties that unite communities, or to effect 
 that separation of congregations which is so unenviable a feature 
 in younger religions. 
 
 Doubtless some straggler, like a withered leaf, may occasionally 
 drop off from the tree of the nation. But the Jews in all parts 
 of the world, bound together by many and peculiar ties, in spite 
 of ages of envy, hate, and persecution, still preserve a firm and 
 unbroken national existence. The teachings of the rabbis of to- 
 day are identical with those of their predecessors ages ago, and 
 neither the fires of Torquemado nor the sword of Mahomed has 
 ever forced them to adopt any modification of that great law com- 
 mitted to them by Jehovah himself amidst the thunders of Sinai. 
 Not one jot or tittle has been altered ; and in the most distant 
 regions of the earth the Jew still hears within the walls of his 
 Synagogue the same familiar tongue and the same familiar and 
 revered worship. Throughout the whole world the use of the 
 Hebrew language confirms the unity of the Jewish faith. 
 
 However, as in old times, political and social causes have 
 operated to produce temporary separation, so in modern days, 
 whenever large bodies of Jews are associated, differences of opinion 
 will sometimes arise, though in matters of management only ; and 
 this happened in Melbourne soon after Judaism had been estab- 
 lished on a firm basis. 
 
 In the year 1857, the Eev. Moses Kintel, who was one of the 
 pioneers of Judaism in the colony, and the first authorised Jewish 
 minister, resigned his position at the West Melbourne Synagogue, 
 which led to the establishing of another place of worship.
 
 44 
 
 In March, 1857, a numerous meeting of the Jewish community- 
 residing in the east end of the city was held for the purpose of 
 founding a local Synagogue, which was at once established under 
 the name of the " Mikveh Tisrael Melbourne Synagogue." Mr. 
 Solomon Solomon was elected president, and the late Mr. M. 
 Nelson treasurer. The Rev. M. Bintel consenting to officiate as 
 minister, they at once proceeded to and obtained the necessary 
 registration, and secured their right to the use of the burial- 
 ground and mortuary chapel. The first service was held in 
 JSpring-street (in the premises formerly used as the Melbourne 
 Grammar School), and in consequence of the increase of its mem- 
 bers, more extensive premises were leased in Great Lonsdale- 
 street east. 
 
 Through the exertions of the Eev. M. Rintel, Messrs. Nelson, 
 Henri J. Hart, and Moritz Michaelis, the congregation obtained a 
 grant of land in Stephen-street, and the foundation-stone was laid 
 on "Wednesday, the 28th December, 5620—1859, by Mr. Nelson, 
 the president for that year. 
 
 The form of service on the occasion was as follows : — The con- 
 gregation assembled in the building occupied by them as a tem- 
 porary synagogue, situated in Lonsdale-street east, at four o'clock 
 p.m., where, after Mincha (afternoon service), the following 
 Psalms were read in alternate verses by the minister and congre- 
 gation—viz., 24th, 29th, 30th, 93rd, 100th, 122nd, and 132nd. 
 The ark was then opened, and all the congregation rising, the 
 usual prayer for the Qut en and Royal Family was read. The 
 Rev. M. Rintel delivered an address, taking for his text the 1st, 
 2nd, 4th and 5th verses of the 35th chapter of Numbers. He 
 remarked that as all the necessary works for the erection of the 
 tabernacle had to be done by Jewish hands, Moses feared they 
 would in their zeal for its completion violate the Sabbath-day. 
 Moses, therefore, wisely and timely cautioned them against the 
 commission of so great a sin. He also quoted from several com- 
 mentaries, to show that they were actuated in a great desire to 
 appease the wrath of God and propitiate for the sin of making 
 and worshipping the golden calf. He alluded to the manner in 
 which they responded to the call, and pointed out the fact that 
 the Almighty was as much pleased with the small amounts offered 
 by the poor man as the larger offerings made by the wealthy ; as 
 observed by the Talmud — " It is one (to the Almighty) whether 
 it be a large or a small offering, so long as it is accompanied with 
 the heart." But (observed the rev. lecturer), independently of 
 subscribing our share when required for any good purpose, we 
 have other important duties to perform. As parents, we are 
 bound to provide proper education for our children. He then 
 briefly traced the position of the Jews in Great Britain from an 
 early period, when nought but oppression and persecutions were 
 their share. He contrasted their present state to that of days
 
 45 
 
 long gone by, and especially their standing as colonists here. All 
 denominations being placed upon an equal footing, Jews here 
 could hold the highest offices in the State, which rendered it the 
 more desirable that they should be iroperly educated. Nor 
 should their duty to God be neglected. It behoved parents to 
 accustom their children at a very early and tender age to repeat 
 short and appropriate prayers, which tended to instil into their 
 minds the fear of the Lord. After pointing out the great advan- 
 tages to be gained by proper knowledge and learning, he con- 
 cluded with the following prayer : — 
 
 " And we supplicate Thee, O Universal Lord ! at whose command all 
 things were called into existence, and from whom all living creatures derive 
 their being, in thine infinite kindness and love didst Thou select us from all 
 other nations, and hast sanctified us with Thy commands. But, O Lord, 
 through our iniquities and sins were we cast out of our holy land, and scat- 
 tered away among all nations. In the land of our enemies have we suffered 
 from the sword, starvation, burning, drawing, and innumerable other suffer- 
 ings, yet didst Thou not entirely forsake us, nor give us up to destruction. 
 
 " In all our agonies we acknowledged Thy unity, and founded our reliance 
 upon Thee as the rock of our salvation. 
 
 " We now enjoy greater freedom, and under the shelter of our Most Gra- 
 cious Sovereign Lady Queen Victoria, we are in full possession of protection 
 and freedom. 
 
 " Grant, we beseech Thee, O Lord, unto her and her subjects the fulness of 
 Thy blessing ; as, also, bless our beloved Ruler and Governor, Sir Henry 
 Barkly. Crown him with health and happiness. Vouchsafe to prosper the 
 undertaking, which is intended both as a house of prayer and a school, 
 wherein Thy holy laws and sacred knowledge may be imparted to the rising 
 generation of the Hebrew faith. May this new edifice, of which the corner- 
 stone is this day to be laid, be founded on stability ; may the light and truth 
 rest thereon, so that Thy nation may be endowed with the spirit of prudence 
 and wisdom, the spirit of counsel and light, the spirit of knowledge and fear 
 of the Lord ! Amen. 
 
 The offerings towards the new building were then announced, 
 
 and upwards of £300 subscribed. The procession was then formed, 
 
 M. Krohn, Esq., acting as M.C., in the following order, viz. : — 
 
 Messrs. Knight and Kerr, architects. 
 
 Mr. George Connon, builder. 
 
 The Kev. Moses Bintel, minister of the congregation. 
 
 Supported by M. Nelson, Esq., President ; and A. "Wolff, Esq., 
 
 Treasurer. 
 Followed by the Trustees, the Committee, and the members of 
 the community, walking four abreast. 
 On the arrival at the ground, Mr. B. Rapiport presented, in a 
 neat speech, a silver trowel to M. Nelson, Esq., bearing a suitable 
 inscription. The Hebrew portion of the scroll was read by the 
 minister, and the English by Mr. M. Capua, as follows : — 
 "With the assistance of Almighty God, 
 "To commemorate the laying of the foundation-stone of the Jewish School, 
 in connection with the Mickveh Yisrael, East Melbourne Synagogue, on the 
 28th day of December, 185'J— 5(520, by M. Nelson. Esq., President, assisted 
 by the Rev. M. Minte), minister, and Abm. Wolif, Treasurer, in the 23rd year
 
 46 
 
 of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, Sir Henry Barkly, Governor of 
 the Colony. Members of Committee — Messrs. J. Bloomington, L. Davis, 
 E. Rich, A. Waxman, B. Rapipoi't, S. Solcberg, M. Capua, hon. see. ; M. 
 Goldstein and Joseph Avinski, trustees ; Rev. M. Rintel, Henri J. Hart, 
 J. P., M. Miehaclis, M. Nelson, and Abraham Wolff, Esqs. ; Mr. Samuel 
 Saunders, collector ; and Mr. J. M. Goldreieh, shochet." 
 
 The President then spread the mortar, and the scroll, in a her- 
 metically sealed jar, having been deposited in the cavity of the 
 stone, the minister ottered the following prayers, first in Hebrew 
 and then in English, viz. : — 
 
 " May it be Thy will, O Lord, Creator of Heaven and Earth, to enable the 
 building of this house to be carried on successfully to its completion. May 
 Thy blessing overtake the work thus begun, and Thy holy name be established 
 therein." 
 
 The President having applied the square level and plumb-rule, 
 the ceremony of using wine, corn, and oil, was proceeded with? 
 and the minister offered the second prayer, viz. : — 
 
 " May the bountiful hand of Heaven ever supply this province with abun- 
 dance of corn, wine, and oil, and all necessaries of life. May He whose 
 mighty hand encompasseth eternity be the Guard and Protector over this 
 city and its inhabitants, and may He long preserve this building from peril 
 and decay. Amen." 
 
 The President then gave three knocks with the mallet, and 
 declared the stone justly laid. He then spoke as follows : — 
 
 " My Friends, — It is not my intention to trouble you with a lengthened 
 address, since I know full well that I neither possess the talent nor ability 
 required for so difficult a task. But I feel that I should be unworthy of the 
 honor conferred upon me were I entirely to abstain from expressing my sen- 
 timents in reference to the important ceremony of the day. When we seriously 
 reflect on the wonderful formation of the world, how soon our mind becomes 
 lost in the vast abyss of Creation! Wherever we look, on whatever we gaze, 
 His marvellous acts declare His wisdom and power. Not only is He the 
 author of our being, but also the creator of all that we see around us. He 
 has endued man with a Divine competency, in order that He might prosecute 
 B is researches into the innermost secrets of nature, and thereby further deve- 
 lop the numerous hidden treasm-es of arts and sciences which surround him 
 on all sides. This knowledge is acquired by means of study conveyed to the 
 mind by a proper system of education. It is to be hoped, my friends, that 
 you will not consider your attendance here this day to assist me in laying the 
 first foundation-stone sufficient, but that you will continue to afford us your 
 assistance and support in carrying out the several objects for which this edifice 
 is intended — objects botli sacred and important. May the all-wise Providence 
 who in His goodness and mercy has allowed us to lay the foundation-stone 
 this day, preserve and protect the building from decay, and grant that the 
 institution may flourish and thrive. (Cheers ) May we be prosjjerous and 
 successful in all our undertakings, that we may perfect what we have begun. 
 May our offspring, for many succeeding years, assemble within its walls to 
 receive the light of knowledge and understanding, and may our orisons offered 
 therein ascend to " Heaven, His dwelling-place." For such sacred and noble 
 purposes is the structure which we are about to raise intended, the foundation- 
 stone of which you have permitted me to lay. In conclusion, my friends, 
 ac cept my most sincere, cordial, and heartfelt thanks for the mark of respect 
 and privilege you have bestowed on me, in allowing me to afford my humble 
 assistance in so meritorious and holy a work."
 
 47 
 
 A small building was erected, which, was opened for divine 
 worship in 1860. For a long time Mr. Eintel officiated without 
 receiving any remuneration for his arduous and self-imposed 
 duties. And not until the services attracted a large number of 
 wealthy and influential citizens did the officiating ministers receive 
 salaries. 
 
 When, however, it was found that the situation of the Syna- 
 gogue was objectionable, on account of the locality, and that the 
 number of worshippers was too great for the building, efforts 
 were made to bring about an amalgamation of the two metropoli- 
 tan congregations, with a view to the erection of a large and 
 central place of worship. For some reasons, however, these efforts 
 were unsuccessful, and the Mikveh Tisrael congregation decided 
 on building for themselves a new Synagogue, and was brought to 
 a successful issue, principally through the exertions of 
 
 THE TEUSTEES, Viz.:— 
 Eev. Moses Eintel Henri J. Hart, Esq., J.P. 
 
 Aaron Waxman, Esq. Marks Herman, Esq. 
 
 Joseph Cohen, Esq. Edward Eich, Esq. 
 
 Emanuel Steinfeld, Esq. J.P. Samuel De Beer., Esq. 
 Joseph Levy, Esq. 
 
 And the Executive of the Synagogue for the present year : — 
 
 President : 
 HENEI J. HAET, Esq., J.P. 
 
 treasurer : 
 MAEKS HEEMAN, Esq. 
 
 Committee : 
 
 Aaron Waxman, Esq. Joseph Cohen, Esq. 
 
 Edward Eich, Esq. Samuel De Beer, Esq. 
 
 Philip Perlstein, Esq. Abraham Loel, Esq. 
 
 Mark Marks, Esq. Leopold Kraetzer, Esq. 
 
 A site was purchased at a cost of £2500, opposite the Parlia- 
 mentary Eeserve, and the foundation-stone was laid on Tuesday 
 20th March, 1877. 
 
 The ceremony of laying the memorial stone was preceded by a 
 special service, held at three o'clock, in the Synagogue in Stephen 
 street, which was conducted by the Eevs. E. Blaubaum, J. M. 
 G-oldreich, E. Benjamin, S. Greenbaum, and other ministers. The 
 ministers, trustees of the Synagogue, and the office-bearers, 
 accompanied by a number of the leading members of the congre- 
 tion, then proceeded to the site of the new Synagogue (adjoin- 
 ing the Albert-street Baptist Church), where the preparations 
 had been completed for the laying of the stone. The pro- 
 ceedings commenced by the reading of an address by the 
 Eev. Moses Eintel, who said the occasion which had caused 
 them to assemble was one of no ordinary character. It was an
 
 4S 
 
 evidence of the increase of the believers of the venerable faith of 
 Israel in this influential city, and also to a certain extent a proof 
 of the general prosperity of the community of which they formed 
 an integral part. He referred to the principal motives which 
 actuated the congregation in determining to erect a new place of 
 worship. They wished in the first place to give the Eternal a 
 small proof of their gratitude towards him for his many favors 
 towards them : they desired, secondly, to have a becoming edifice 
 in which they and their wives and children might meet together 
 to perform the sacred ordinances of their holy faith ; and, lastly, 
 by no means an objectionable motive, especially by the erection 
 of a synagogue in close proximity to various other places of wor- 
 ship, they wished to show their fellow-citizens that although there 
 might be some external differences in the formularies of the various 
 religious beliefs, yet the intention of all was the same. They 
 would be taught that Gfod was the Father of us all, and that we 
 were therefore all brethren, and were bound as such to help each 
 other in every possible way, and instead of endeavoring to add 
 fuel to the flames of ancient feuds and quarrels, to consider how 
 we might turn the cursed fire of discord into the life-giving 
 warmth of friendship ; for those doctrines alone were worthy of 
 the name of religion which tended to unite men together in the 
 love of each other and of their Grod. The great object we should 
 all propose to ourselves in our various congregations was that 
 next to the paramount duty of loving God, our most important 
 work was to love each other, and to help each other in distress 
 and trouble, irrespective of country or creed. The building which 
 was about to be raised would also be used as a school for the in- 
 struction of their children, and as all learning, when properly 
 used, led us nearer to the Eternal, even this intended use of the 
 building should stimulate them to be as zealous as possible in 
 bringing it to a speedy conclusion. In conclusion, he urged the 
 necessity of their contributing to the building fund as much as 
 possible, imitating the alacrity with which their forefathers had 
 responded to the invitation of the great King to contribute to 
 the service of the House of Grod. 
 
 On the conclusion of the address, prayer was offered in Hebrew 
 and English by the Jiev. Mr. Gfoldreich, after which the treasurer, 
 Mr. Herman, by direction of the committee, presented to the 
 president a handsome silver trowel with which to perform the 
 ceremony. The trowel bore the inscription :— 
 
 East Melbourne Hebrew Congregation. 
 Presented to Henri J. Hart, Esq , J.P., President, on 
 the Occasion oe Laying the Foundation Stone oe the 
 New Synagogue in Albert Street. 20th March, 5637 — 
 
 1877.
 
 49 
 
 Mr. Hart returned his sincere thanks for the gift, which he 
 said he would always keep as a memorial of this very important 
 occasion. 
 
 Several psalms were then sung, and the Rev. Mr. Rintel read 
 the scroll containing the date of the ceremony and the names of 
 officers of the synagogue, the architects, and contractors. The scroll, 
 with the newspapers of the day, were then deposited by the pre- 
 sident in the stone, after which prayer was again offered by the 
 Rev. E. Blaubaum. The stone was then lowered, and laid by the 
 president in the customary manner, pouring over it corn, wine, 
 and oil. The Rev. R. Benjamin then in Hebrew and English in- 
 voked the following blessing on the work : — " May the bountiful 
 hand of Heaven ever supply this province with abundance of 
 corn, wine, and oil, and all the necessaries of life. May He whose 
 mighty hand encompasseth Eternity be the guard and protector 
 over this young city and its inhabitants, and may He long pre- 
 serve this building from peril and decay. Amen." 
 
 The President, Mr. H. J. Hart, then delivered a brief address. 
 He said this congregation had now been established 20 years, 
 and was an offshoot from the older congregation in Bourke-street. 
 The congregation had to contend with a great many difficulties, 
 but they had been all overcome, and he hoped that a bright future 
 was in store which will be satisfactory to all the members of the 
 congregation. The career of this congregation probably might 
 find a parallel in the career of the Jews in ancient times. At the 
 destruction of the Temple the Jews were dispersed, and were to 
 be found in the remotest corners of the world. Traces of their 
 residence were found in Northern Asia, in Africa, in North and 
 South America, but the larger bulk of them found homes on the 
 Continent of Europe. At the destruction of the first Temple, it 
 is related in history that they first found a home in Alexandria, 
 in Egypt, and at one time there were upwards of 100,000 Jews 
 resident in that great city. Persecutions, however, scattered 
 them to Europe, where they suffered many persecutions: Within 
 the last 100 years, or perhaps more properly 50 years, however, 
 the Jews as a body had attained a position of which they may 
 be proud. (Applause.) In happy England they had, by perse- 
 verance, broken down all the barriers which prevented them from 
 rising to political or social eminence, until Jews were now found in 
 the most leading positions in Great Britain. He referred also to 
 the eminence attained by men of the Jewish religion in the 
 United States. He referred to Judge Noah, Judge Joachim, 
 Admiral Levy, and other men of note. In New South Wales, 
 Mr. Saul Samuel had held the post of Treasurer, and had been 
 decorated by her Majesty with the order of St. Michael and St. 
 George, and Mr. Julian Salamans, the eminent barrister, held the 
 position of Solicitor- General ; while, belonging to New Zealand, 
 there was Sir Julius Vogel ; and in Victoria there was the hon.
 
 50 
 
 Edward Cohen, who had filled the honorable position of Com- 
 missioner of Customs, and had always taken an active part in 
 every matter appertaining to religion, education, or social pro- 
 gress. (Applause.) In conclusion, he expresssd a hope that 
 before six months were over the present building would be 
 opened, and he besought their steady help and encouragement 
 to enable it to be made worthy of its objects. 
 
 Psalm lxvii. was then sung, and the ceremony terminated with 
 cheers for the Queen, the Governor, the mayor of Melbourne, 
 and the ladies. 
 
 Description of the Synagogue. 
 The Synagogue has a frontage of 42ft. to Albert-street, a depth 
 of 73ft., and a height of 31ft. The main entrance is approached 
 by a flight of steps, and the central door opens into a hall, upon 
 each side of which stand cloak rooms. Through these rooms the 
 congregation can pass either to the floor of the Synagogue or to 
 the balcony, which is reached by a pair of staircases. Accommo- 
 dation is provided for about 470 worshippers. The furniture 
 at present in use is from the Stephen-street Synagogue. At the 
 north end of the room are conspicuous marble steps, which lead 
 up to the b^n. Over the entrance to the b^n are written in 
 Hebrew the Ten Commandments. On each side of the table are 
 tablets on which vdil be ins "ribed, in E :<y ] ish and in Hebrew, the 
 prayer offered for the Queen and the Royal Family. Within and 
 without, the Synagogue is a handsome, wsll-constructed edifice. 
 Mr. Tobin's plan of ventilation has been adopted to keep the 
 atmosphere of the interior always pure. The cost of the Synagogue, 
 exclusive of that of the land, is £7,000. At the rear stands a 
 schoolroom, which for the p.-esent will be used for the religious 
 instruction of the young. The hall is illuminated by two sun- 
 lights, and a pair of candelabra 8ft. high, erected in front of the 
 entrance to the tabernacle. 
 
 The Consecration. 
 
 The formal opening of the Synagogue took place on Wednes- 
 day evening, the 27th Ellul, 5637 (5th September, 1877). In 
 addition to the members of the congregation, there were many of 
 the leading Jewish citizens present, and many Christian residents 
 of Melbourne. At eight o'clock the doors were closed, and the 
 voices of the choir were heard outside the building — 
 
 icon ~\?d Km obii> ^nna lau^m d^uwi &iw imp 
 In response to a knock, accompanied bv the chanting of — 
 
 re> nTiN on mk p-w s *ww »i> inna 
 the doors were opened, and the Revs. Samuel Herman, Dr. Datt- 
 ner Jacobson, Raphael Benjamin, Elias Bbnibaum, S. Greenbaum, 
 and Mr. Henri J. Hart, entered, carrying the scrolls of the law, 
 the latter handing over his scroll to the Rev. Moses Eintel. The
 
 51 
 
 ministers named, then made the seven circuits round the Syna- 
 gogue, reciting portions of Psalms xxx., xlii., Ibid, v. 7, xliii., 
 cxxx., c, and the xxix. by the choir. All the scrolls but one were 
 then placed in the ark, and the Rev. Moses Rintel gave a prayer 
 for the Royal Family, after which the rev. gentleman delivered a 
 sermon. 
 
 The service terminated with an offertory, which was well res- 
 ponded to. The choir, which was conducted by Mr. Louis Pulver, 
 sang very nicely during the ceremony, and did great credit to 
 that young gentleman's musical attainments. 
 
 The Rev. Moses Rintel 
 was born in the year 1823, in Edinburgh, Scotland, and was edu- 
 cated for the ministry in London, under Dr. Sulzberger. In 1844 
 he arrived in Sydney, where he was engaged in teaching Hebrew 
 until 1849, the year in which he removed to Melbourne, and was 
 appointed minister of the Melbourne Hebrew Congregation, with 
 the understanding that the Rev. Dr. Adler, the Chief Rabbi in 
 London, confirm the appointment. Since 1849 he has watched 
 the progress of Judaism in the colony. The rev. gentleman has 
 recently recovered from a very severe illness ; but it is hoped by 
 all who know him that his assumption of duties in the new build- 
 ing is but the prelude to a renewed and prolonged career of use- 
 fulness. 
 
 Mb. Henei J. Haet. 
 
 "With reference to that gentleman, we feel it our duty to say a 
 few words. Mr. Hart has identified himself with the interests 
 of Judaism in Melbourne from its earliest days. He was hono- 
 rary secretary to the youthful congregation for three years, and 
 his services were acknowledged by the congregation, on his retire- 
 ment from the office, by presenting him on the New Tear 5611 — 
 1850 with a handsome testimonial " for the zealous and efficient 
 manner in which he discharged the multifarious duties of that 
 office " Since 1857, the year in which Mr. Rintel severed his 
 connection with the Melbourne Hebrew Congregation, Mr. Hart 
 was a warm supporter in every enterprise calculated to advance 
 the interest of the East Melbourne Hebrew Congregation. In 
 1870 the members of the congregation presented him with a 
 magnificent service of plate, consisting of a centre epergne and 
 two aide pieces to match, in recognition of his valuable services 
 as President during a period of four years. The gift was accom- 
 panied with an address on parchment setting forth the resolutions 
 of the annual general meeting to acknowledge his services in a 
 suitable manner. 
 
 D 1
 
 52 
 
 SERMON DELIVERED BY THE REV. MOSES RINTEL, 
 ON THE OCCASION OE THE OPENING OE THE 
 NEW ALBERT STREET SYNAGOGUE, EAST 
 MELBOURNE. 
 
 (Verbatim Report.) 
 
 TT&5 pttfo mpDi -\m pj?o Tinn« 'n 
 
 O Lord ! I have loved the habitation of Thy house and the 
 dwelling-place of Thy glory. (Ps. xxvi. 8.) 
 
 My dear brethren, — Worts cannot express the feeling of my 
 heart this day. Deeply and sincerely grateful do I feel unto the 
 Most High, that He rvnito B^»nb teun did not suffer the torrent 
 of sickness to overwhelm me, but brought me through my afflic- 
 tion, and allowed me to gain strength sufficient to be with you on 
 this day, so full of joy to each one of us. Verily he is »ba nttfiy bn 
 a God of wonders, and Hn greatness is above all His works. 
 Blessed for ever be His holv name ! and may all heaven and 
 earth unite with us in chanting His praises : D , D'' pNi D^Dttf irrttiT 
 Di IWD1 boi " Let the heaven and earth praise Him, the seas, and 
 everything that moveth therein" — (Ps. lxix. 34) ; and let the 
 burden of our united song be expressed in these beautiful words — 
 ■pIM pttfD DlpDI 1™1 Pi >D 'J"DnK 'M " Oh, Lord ! I have loved the 
 habitations of Thy house and the dwelling-place of Thy glory.' 
 
 If every pulsation of our heart were an offering of love to the 
 Most High, and if every farthing of our worldly possessions were 
 to be devoted to His service, we know that we should but be 
 offering to Him what is already His own. The Eternal cannot 
 be enriched by our poor offerings, nor could the canticles of the 
 whole world add the slightest increase to His glory. But he has 
 said '151 ^ ittWi nmin ^ inpi out of regard for the creatures of 
 His love. He is pleased to accept our poor offerings, as though 
 they were really ours to give, and as though He were honored and 
 enriched by the gifts of our hands. 
 
 Let us be assured then, dear brethren, that He will look with 
 complacency down from His throne, amid the cherubim and 
 seraphim, when we this day make a solemn offering to Him for 
 this toyo Wlpo TV2 minor temple which you in your devotion and 
 piety have built for the celebration of the services of our holy 
 faith and for the honor and worship of His adorable Majesty. 
 
 We know that ITDD p«M bz nVd " His immensity filleth all 
 space," both actual and possible, and that the gloomiest recesses 
 in the darkest and deepest caves are lit up with His light. 
 (}" 'n'K D^d) !?Qi:m ptt^ IDK 'n " The Lord hath said that He 
 will dwell in darkness." But it is not in the midst of darkness
 
 53 
 
 that He invites His faithful children to come and worship Him 
 on his sahbaths and festivals. No, He puts it into the hands 
 of His children to build beautiful temples to Him — buildings 
 which by their splendor may allure cur little ones to His 
 service, and induce them to love the habitation of His house 
 and the dwelling-place of His glory, and make them think 
 of the ineffable beauty of that great Temple above, in which 
 the Eternal will reward all those who while on earth have been 
 faithful to the observance of His holy precepts. 
 
 It is not the Lord who stands in ne^d of temples, for the whole 
 universe is to Him a temple ; but we, His creatures, require 
 these buildings that are specially dedicated to Him to remind us 
 that while we are in them we must not allow our minds to be 
 filled with our everyday thoughts— thoughts of power and wealth 
 — of speculations, and business, and all such worldly things — but 
 to fix them on the things of eternity, and try to fit ourselves for 
 the duties of Heaven by praising the Eternal, and like the wisest 
 of all kings acknowledge — D'Dtm rj>nb» 7103 p» btcw 'nb» f T% 
 (Y> '1 >'n'i) 02b !m *pab a^bnn ■payi> iDnm man inty p»ai 
 " O Lord God of Israel, there is none like Thee in the heavens 
 nor in the earth ; which keepest the covenant and showest mercy 
 unto Thy servants that walk before Thee with all their hearts." 
 (2 Oh., vi. 14.) 
 
 True it is that even in our own homes, we are bound by the 
 laws of our holy faith to think often of our God, and to let the 
 aspirations of our hearts float upwards to His throne, begging for 
 that divine assistance which is constantly needed by those who 
 wish to lead a pure and holy life. But — speaking more worldly — 
 even as the votaries of pleasure, not satisfied with what they can 
 find in their own abodes, build theatres and halls to give them 
 extra enjoyments, so we build temples to our God, that in them 
 our hearts may be inebriated with the fulness of joy that is vouch- 
 safed to those who make it their delight to walk in the way of 
 His commandments. 
 
 How many and how beautiful are the lessons that will be taught 
 us and our children in this holy place ! Hither the poor wayfarer 
 will come and take his place under the same roof with the 
 wealthiest of the land, and may feel that he is the child of the 
 same God who caused the son of David to build a glorious temple 
 to His name, and as he (immediately on entering) beholds the 
 sacred Ten Commaudmeuts, and as he looks towards the holy spot 
 wherein are enshrined the renin nDD scrolls of the Law, he will 
 not fail to exclaim 71123 pwo D>poi fira pyo TOFT* 'n " O Lord, 
 I have loved the habitation of Thy house and the dwelling-place 
 of Thy glory." 
 
 Yes, my dear brethren, vou who have cheerfully devoted a por- 
 tion of your worldly means for building this sacred edifice to the 
 honor and glory of the Eternal, and a school for the religious in*
 
 54 
 
 struetion of our children, may assuredly speak words of comfort 
 unto your souls this day. You may thank the Eternal for having 
 enabled you to take a psrt in such noble works. Tou may feel 
 that you have not been forgetful of your obligations to honor Him 
 with your substance, and to prove to the children of other faiths 
 that the sons and daughters of Israel are still sensible of all that 
 their God did for them in times past ; and that in these days 
 when the truths of eternity are little thought of by men, or are 
 submitted to the chilling influencee of rationalism, we are still 
 anxious to avail ourselves of all external means of fostering a 
 lively recollection of the grt at deeds of the mighty past, and of 
 the mysterious covenant that has subsisted, and is to subsist for 
 all ages, between the Eternal and us the children of Israel. 
 
 In a spirit of humble confidence that our prayer will be 
 answered, we may therefore address the Eternal this day, saying, 
 ityw rTpann bai Hinn b& yauh >nb» 'n ironn bw -pny nban b» rwai 
 rwi ddv htri rypn b& mmn& yw mw ; ymb bbzrm i~ini? 
 " Have respect to the prayer of Thy servant and to his supplica- 
 tion, O Lord, my God, and hearken unto the cry and the prayer 
 which Thy servant prayeth before Thee ; that Thine eyes may be 
 upon this liouse day and night." (2 Ch., vi.) 
 
 May a spirit of the most sincere and fervent devotion animate 
 our minds the moment we enter within the sacred petals of this 
 edifice which we are this day consecrating. May the world and 
 all its blighting influences be left outside the porch. May we 
 come with hearts full of thankfulness that Tbou hist prepared 
 this temple for us, and permitted us to asserible in it for Thy 
 worship. May we ever be filled with a due sense of our own in- 
 feriority and of Thy supreme Majesty, in whose presence the very 
 pillars of heaven tremble. May we clothe our hearts with the 
 garment of reverence, and may we reflect that we are about to 
 perform a duty which cannot be discharged with becoming fitness 
 even by the angels above. Let us bend down our hearts before 
 the Eternal, and say lbbarv 1ty« b«lttP inyi yas »aiann b* nynm 
 : nnben nyDun &nwn jo in:iu> Dipon yvwn nnw nin Dipnn bx 
 ('D pIDQ Dty). " Hearken unto the supplication of Thy servant 
 and of Thy people Israel which they shall make from this place. 
 Hear Thou from Thy dwelling-place, even from heaven, and 
 when Thou hearest forgive." 
 
 Yes, O righteous and merciful Judge, hearken to us when we 
 beseech Thee on those OWiJ DW most solemn and awful days 
 which are approaching us, and forgive each one of us the offences 
 he has committed against Thee. We know that our transgres- 
 sions have been numerous, and that we have merited many, aye 
 very many, punishments by reason of our ingratitude. We make 
 humble acknowledgment to Thee this day for all our sins. 
 D^n 'an nnb n« niH' "pnb •"'f™ " Thou alone knowest the hearts 
 of the children of men." Thou, therefore, O Eternal, canst see
 
 55 
 
 our sincerity. Bless, therefore, Thy people, from the highest to 
 the lowest. And bless chose whom Thou hast placed in authority 
 over us. Bless us, Thy children, who have built this temple for 
 Thee*, and are now devoting it to Th} service. If in other ways 
 we have slighted Thee, let this temple make some reparation for 
 our neglect. Let our hearts be enlarged even as we have enlarged 
 our temple, and let us feel a delight in contributing liberally to 
 its maintenance and support. Let us and our children learn from 
 the words of wisdom that we shall hear in this place to love Thee 
 for Thy goodness, and to fear Thee for Thy majesty. Speak 
 Thou with Thy silent yet potent voice unto our hearts — speak 
 unto Thy people, by D»n on ittfN d^dtj id idYd rrhb "jini" |i>oi> 
 5iD w «n "OS " That they may fear Thee, to walk in Thy ways, so 
 long as they live in the land." 
 
 Teach us all to love one another for the sake of Thee, and to be 
 kind to one another for the love of Thee, so that when the hour 
 shall come for the temple of our mortal body to be destroyed, 
 having so frequently before exclaimed '151 T~inn« 'ii we may have 
 our thoughts fixed on another temple rf?yob jdorr which is above 
 — a temple before which the gorgeous splendors of the noblest of 
 temples would sink into utter nothingness — the glorious temple 
 of heaven, which is lor ever filled with the presence of the Eter- 
 nal, and in which the souls of the just shall live for ever. Grant, 
 O Father Eternal, that all of us who are here assembled, and all 
 belonging to us may inherit this mercy, and share in this crown- 
 ing blessing of all blessings. Amen.
 
 ADVEBTISEMENT. 
 
 rp HE Executive Officers of the EAST MELBOURNE 
 _|_ HEBREW CONGREGATION acknowledge with thanks 
 Original Donations promised to the Building Fund, as also 
 Amounts Offered at the Consecration of the New Synagogue, 
 Albert- street, on "Wednesday, the 5th September, 1877 : — 
 
 Former 
 Donations. 
 
 ) Mr. Henri J. Hart 
 
 , A. Waxnian 
 
 , M. Herman 
 The late Edward Cohen 
 Mr. S. De Beer 
 
 „ Mark Marks 
 
 , H. Marks 
 
 j, Jos. Cohen 
 
 „ M. Michaelis 
 
 „ L. Levin ... 
 
 „ Woolf Davis 
 
 ., J. Kronheimer 
 
 „ E.Rich 
 
 „ A. Goldberg, Drummond- 
 street 
 Mr. L. Kraetzer 
 
 „ P. Perlstein and family ... 
 Messrs. Crouch and Wilson ... 
 
 The late M. Peter 
 
 Mr. L. C. Gerschel 
 
 „ E. Steinfeld 
 
 „ B. Barnett 
 Messrs. M. Tartakover and Son 
 Mr. M. Harris 
 
 „ A. Stern 
 
 „ L.Allen 
 
 Mrs. L. Allen 
 
 Mr. S. Aaron ... 
 
 „ R. Barnard 
 
 „ I. Benjamin 
 
 Dr. J. G. Beaney 
 
 Mr. Moton Moss 
 Messrs. Warwick Bros. 
 Messrs. Delbridge and Thomas 
 Mr. H. Block 
 
 „ Lionel Marks 
 
 „ J. Hallerstein 
 
 .. A. Barnard 
 
 £ 
 73 
 52 
 52 
 52 
 31 
 25 
 25 
 26 
 20 
 25 
 
 s. d. 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 At Conse- 
 cration. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 31 10 
 21 
 
 25 
 
 3 3 
 
 21 
 
 5 5 
 
 10 10 
 
 10 10 
 
 10 
 
 Total. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 105 
 
 73 10 
 
 52 10 
 
 52 10 
 
 36 15 
 
 30 5 
 
 28 3 
 
 27 11 
 
 25 5 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 24 3 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 *5 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 17 2 
 15 15 
 15 15 
 
 12 12 
 
 12 2 
 
 11 11 
 
 10 10 
 
 10 10 
 
 10 10 
 
 10 10 
 
 10 10 
 
 10 10 
 
 10 10 
 
 10 10 
 
 10 10 
 
 10 10 
 
 10 o 
 
 10 
 
 8 8 
 
 7 7
 
 11. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 Former 
 Donations. 
 
 Mr. S. Jacobson 
 
 „ and Mrs. B. Isaacs 
 Messrs. Myers and Zox 
 Mr. M. Beutwich 
 
 „ M. Cohen 
 
 „ J. Jones ... 
 
 „ L. Samuel... 
 
 ., M. Moses ... 
 
 „ B. Sniders 
 
 „ A. K. Ironson 
 
 „ M. Aion 
 
 „ D. Altson... 
 
 „ H. Allen 
 
 „ D. Barnard 
 Messrs. Bentwich and Co. 
 Dr. Balls-Headley 
 Mr. S. Barnett 
 
 „ H. Coleman 
 
 „ J. Daley .,. 
 
 „ L. Davis ... 
 
 „ F. Ehrman 
 
 „ J. Gerson.. 
 
 ., J. F. Gunsler 
 
 „ H. Glance... 
 
 „ S. Harris ... 
 
 „ A. Harris ... 
 
 „ J. Harris ... 
 
 „ J. Heymanson 
 
 „ M. Jacobson 
 
 „ I. Joel 
 Messrs. A. and L. Lesser 
 Mr. B. Lazarus 
 Messrs. Levi Brothers 
 Mr. G. Meares 
 
 „ G. Magnus 
 
 „ N. Levi 
 
 „ Joseph Levy 
 
 „ J. Monro .-. 
 
 „ J. Phillips 
 
 „ J. Paterson 
 
 „ S Solcberg 
 
 „ A. Sternberg 
 
 „ S. Sternberg 
 
 „ L. Saunders 
 
 £ 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 
 At Conse- 
 cration. 
 
 8. d. 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 10 6 
 
 1 1 
 1 
 10 6 
 10 6 
 10 6 
 
 Total. 
 
 £ s. 
 
 7 7 
 
 15 15 
 2 2 
 
 5 15 
 
 6 6 
 6 
 5 15 
 5 15 
 5 15 
 5 5 
 
 21 
 5 5 
 5 
 
 el. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 (5 
 
 6 
 
 (5 
 
 
 
 
 (t 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 ADVEETI8EMENT. 
 
 Ill 
 
 
 
 Former 
 
 At Conse- 
 
 
 
 
 
 Donations. 
 
 cration 
 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 s. d. 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 £ 
 
 s. d. 
 
 Mr. M.Woolff 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 ... 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Mr. J. "Wittowski 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 ... 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Mr. A. Benjamin 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 Messrs. P. Falk and Co. 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Messrs. Paterson, Laing 
 
 and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Co 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Mr. Carl Franklin 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Messrs. Dodgshun and Co. 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Messrs. M' Arthur, M'Millan, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and Co. 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Messrs. L. Stevenson and Sons 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Messrs. Banks Brothers, 
 
 Bell, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and Co. 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 ... 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Messrs. Wiseman Bros. 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Mr. Moses Benjamin .. 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Messrs. LoeL and Cantor 
 
 
 5 
 
 "5 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Mr. Isaac Jacobs 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Messrs. P. Hayman and Sons 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 Mr. S. Benjamin, London 
 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 „ S. Finklestein 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 „ B. Benjamin 
 
 
 2 
 
 "2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 „ I. Michael 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 „ J. Lyons 
 
 ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 „ E. Samuel... 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 „ S. Greenberg 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 „ M. J. Sloman 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 „ W. Visbord 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 „ B. Mai-ks .. 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 „ D. Walker 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 „ Max Kronheimer . . . 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 Messrs. Connell, Hogarth, 
 
 and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Co 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 Mr. B. Josephson 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 „ E. P. Levy 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 ... 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 ,, J. Matheson 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 Dr. Wilkie 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 Messrs. Whitney, Chamber! 
 
 } and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Co 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 Mr. J. Davis 
 
 ... 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 Messrs. Rosenthal, Aaaronson, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and Co. 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Mark Moss 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. J. Solomon 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 

 
 IV. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 
 Former 
 
 At Conse- 
 
 
 
 
 Donations. 
 
 cration 
 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 £ 
 
 s. d. 
 
 Mr. M. Simon 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 12 6 
 
 „ J. S. Buchner 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 12 6 
 
 „ J. Davis ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 12 G 
 
 „ M. Davis 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 12 6 
 
 „ A. Fry berg 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 12 6 
 
 „ S. Goldschmidt 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 12 6 
 
 „ M. Levy 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 12 6 
 
 „ M. Nettleberg 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 12 6 
 
 ,, Myer Rintel 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 12 6 
 
 „ Charles Levy 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 12 6 
 
 „ J. Levy 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 „ J. Barnett... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 „ A. Pinkus... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 „ B. Allen 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ P. Blashki 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ A. Brodie ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ H. Cohen ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ A. Campi ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Messrs. Chambers and Clntten 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 .. 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Mr. H. Gerson... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Messrs. Eunson and Andrews 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Mr. A. Harris 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ W. Highett 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ S. HamVnirgher 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ J. Hollander 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ J. Hood ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ A. M. Jacobs 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ M. Krakowski 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 ,, H. Levinson 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Messrs. H. and B. Levy 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 ,, 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Mr. J. F. Levien 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ C. Marks 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ A. Levi 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ H. Miller 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ M. Monash 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ D. E. M'Dougall ... 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ P. G. Pendegrast ... 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ P. Philipson 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ P. S. Phillips 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ W. Peterson 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ S. Rosenblooni 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ Robertson ... 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 „ Max Roth 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 .. 
 
 
 2 
 
 2
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 Messrs. Tronson and Ruther 
 
 ford 
 Mr. J. Thompson 
 „ A. A. Samuel 
 
 „ M. Unger 
 
 „ H. Rosenbloom ... 
 
 „ A. Smith ... _ 
 
 Messrs. Felton, Grimwade 
 „ Fenwick Bros. 
 „ "W. Watson and Sons.. 
 „ Weaver, Craig, and Or 
 rock 
 
 Mrs. E. Rich 
 
 Mrs. H. Schlam 
 
 Messrs. W. M'Culloch and Co. 
 
 Mr. A. K. Smith 
 
 „ Gravan Gibson 
 Mrs. J. Davis ... 
 Mrs. H. Marks 
 Mr. A. Pollack 
 
 „ Mr. E. Brett 
 
 „ R. J. Harvey 
 
 „ L. Zucker ... 
 
 „ S. Moss 
 
 „ M Capua .. 
 
 „ A. Levy 
 
 „ M. Simmons 
 
 „ D. Abrahams 
 
 „ J. Barnard 
 
 „ Alfred Levy 
 Mrs. Finklestein 
 Mr. and Mrs. C. Harris 
 Messrs. Cohn Brothers 
 Mr. U. Primer ... 
 
 „ J. Caro 
 
 „ A. Braach ... 
 
 „ T. S. Bellair 
 
 „ S. Jacobs ... 
 
 „ A. M. Isaacs 
 
 „ L. Moss ... 
 
 „ M. Moses and daughters . 
 . „ J. Sagel 
 
 „ R. Bodington 
 
 Form«r 
 Donations 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 2 2 
 
 2 2 
 
 2 2 
 
 1 1 
 
 2 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 At Conse- 
 cration. 
 
 1 1 
 
 2 
 2 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 1) 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 i 11 
 
 6 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 >j 
 
 2 2 
 
 2 2 
 
 Total. 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 2 
 
 2 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 10 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 10 C 
 
 10 6 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 2 2 o 
 
 2 o 
 
 2 
 
 1 11 
 
 1 11 
 
 1 11 
 
 1 11 
 
 1 11 
 
 1 11
 
 ▼1. ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 
 
 
 Former 
 
 At Conse- 
 
 
 
 Donations. 
 
 cration. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 £ S. d. 
 
 Mrs. and Miss Bloch ... 
 
 
 1 10 
 
 1 10 
 
 Mr. M. Stalkowski 
 
 1 1 
 
 5 
 
 1 6 
 
 Mrs. B. Marks 
 
 1 1 
 
 5 
 
 1 6 
 
 Mr. K. Abrahams 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ M. Abrahams 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ L. A. Abrahams ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ P. H. Benjamin ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ A. Benjamin 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ H. Benjamin 
 
 1 1 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ A. E. Benjamin ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Miss Benjamin 
 
 1 1 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mrs. P. Blashki 
 
 1 f 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mr. L. Berwick 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ L. Aarons ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 Messrs. Buckley and Nunn ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mr. J. Bernstein 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 I 
 
 „ F. Cohen 
 
 1 1 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mrs. Ed. Cohen 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mr. M. Crawcour 
 
 1 1 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ Mr. Dynon 
 
 110 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ A. Ellis 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ S. Flock 
 
 110 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ S. Franklin 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mrs. Falk 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Dr. Figg 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mr. E. G. Fitzgibbon ... 
 
 110 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 G. H 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mr. P. Hyams 
 
 1 1 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ H. Heymanson ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Messrs. Halstead and K err ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mr. R. Hodgson 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Master Joel 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mr. A. Kasner 
 
 110 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ M. Kovolski 
 
 10 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ S. Kozminski 
 
 1 I 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ L. Levy 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ H. Loel 
 
 1 1 
 
 ... 
 
 110 
 
 „ B. Marks 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ S. Moses 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ M. Moses, jun. 
 
 1 1 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ J. Marks 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ D. Lyons 
 
 110 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ L. Levy 
 
 1 1 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1
 
 ADVEETTSEMIN'T, 
 
 VU. 
 
 
 Former 
 
 At Conse- 
 
 
 
 Donations. 
 
 cration. 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 £ s. 
 
 d. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Mr. D. Lobascher 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 „ J. Magner... 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 „ J. M'Ewan 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 „ S Natlian... 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 Master J. Phillips 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Dr. Rowan 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 Mr. S. Solomon 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ M. Saunders 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ S. Traxberg 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 „ G. Samson... 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 ,, B. Solomon 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ M. Brodzky 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ J. Cohen ... 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ A. Levy ... ... ... 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Messrs. Stevenson and Elliott 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 i 
 
 Mr. P. Windmiller 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 i 
 
 „ J. Joseph ... 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 i i 
 
 „ Hurry 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ J. Wertheim 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ J. Joseph ... 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Messrs. T. Martin and Co. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 i 
 
 Mr. J. Fletcher 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Messrs. W. Henderson and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Co 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Messrs. Warne and Reid 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ M'Coey and Co. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ Cochrane and O'Brien 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mr. A. Kasner 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mrs. S. Phillips 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mr. P. Bloom 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mrs. L. Zucker 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Major Smith ... 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 The Misses Rich 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mrs. A. Loel 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ A. Barnard 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ F. Ehrman 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 o 
 
 „ S. Moss 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 (1 
 
 Mr. J. Grimwald 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 lilt 
 
 Miss Barnett ... 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 i 
 
 Mrs. Moton Moss 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 o 
 
 Mr. Herman Levy 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 i 
 
 „ Joseph Benjamin ... 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Messrs. Kaufman Bros. 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1
 
 viu. 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 
 Former 
 
 At Conse- 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 Donations. 
 
 cration. 
 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 £ s. 
 
 d. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Mr. M. Rosenfeld 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 Mrs. John Moses 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 ( 
 
 Mr. A. Loel 
 
 
 11 11 
 
 
 
 11 11 c 
 
 „ J. Lazarus... 
 
 .. . 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 ( 
 
 „ D. P. Piser 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 (1 
 
 „ A. Solomon 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 (] 
 
 Mrs. Joseph Cohen 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 (1 
 
 „ E. H. Simeon 
 
 ... 
 
 1 I 
 
 
 
 1 1 (] 
 
 „ S. Leon ... 
 
 
 6 6 
 
 
 
 6 6 (1 
 
 Mr. W. Flegeltaub 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ J. Sternbei'g 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 l i o 
 
 „ Ed. Marks' 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1. 
 
 „ J. Levy 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 „ L. Saunders 
 
 • •• 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ L. Levinson 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Messrs. Davy and Cole 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 Mr. L. H. Phillips 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ J. Lipshut... 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ B. Levy 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 111) 
 
 „ A. Goldberg 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 ,, J. Bloomberg 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ H. Mai-ks ... 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 ,, J. Marks 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 I 1 
 
 Mrs. W. Davis 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Mr. L. H. Hart 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ A. Levy 
 
 ... 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 I 1 
 
 „ and Mrs. Bernard Marks 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 ,. J. Walde 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ I. Barneb ... 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ E. Duckett 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ M. Jacobs... 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 II 
 
 1 1 
 
 „ D. Hecksher 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Mrs. R. Barnard 
 
 
 1 <) 
 
 
 
 loo 
 
 Mr. G. Alexander 
 
 1 6 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 „ A. Cohen ... 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 „ B. Nathan 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 „ L. Solomon 
 
 1 (J 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Mrs. and Miss Goodheim 
 
 
 1 o 
 
 () 
 
 ICO 
 
 Mr. A. Hosking 
 
 
 1 
 
 1) 
 
 10 
 
 „ J. H. Anderson ... 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 „ J. Purvis ... 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Miss Amelia Finklestein 
 
 ... 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 ,, Eva Finklestein ... 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1
 
 ADVERTISEMENT 
 
 
 
 
 IX. 
 
 
 Former 
 
 
 At Conse 
 
 - 1 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 Donations. 
 
 cration. 
 
 1. 
 
 
 £ s. 
 
 d. 
 
 £ s. c 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Master H. Finklestein 
 
 ... 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Dr. L. L. Smith 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Messrs. J. M'Gee and Co. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Mrs. A. Goldberg 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. N. J. Dias 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ E. Doyle 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 ,, S. Davis ... 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 ... 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ M. Levinson 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ W. Lazarus 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ J. Levy 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 ., I. Levy 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ M. Marks 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ T. Martin 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ Stewart O'Brien ... 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ R. Robertson 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ S. Samuels 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 ,, A. M. Simmons ... 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ J. F. Whittey 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 „ E. Rntel ... 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 1" 6 
 
 Mrs. L. Lazarus 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Miss Lazarus ... 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 A Friend 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Mr. P. Levy 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mrs. S. Tartakover 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. H. Venable 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 „ H. J. Alexander ... 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ M. A. Papkin 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ M. L. Woolff 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 G 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ D. Miranda 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ B. Harris ... 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ H. Neustadt 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mrs. J. Michael 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ Mosely Hyman ... 
 
 • »• 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ D. Abrahams 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ M. Jacobson 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ A. Sherman 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 G 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. J. Matthews 
 
 • • » 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ S. Williams 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Miss Barnard ... 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Mrs. M. Marks 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Miss S. Moss 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mrs. D. E. Piser 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Mr. B. Emanuel 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 10 G
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 
 Former 
 
 At Conse- 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 Donations. 
 
 cration. 
 
 
 £ S 
 
 . d. 
 
 £ s 
 
 d. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Mrs. M. Moses 
 
 
 
 1C 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Miss Davis 
 
 
 
 1C 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Mr. L. Waterman 
 
 
 
 1C 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 ,, J. Simmons 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 I 
 
 10 
 
 Mrs. S. Solcberg 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 ) 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ H. Marks 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 ) 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ Kuthe ... 
 
 
 
 1C 
 
 ) 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. Maurice Marks 
 
 
 
 1C 
 
 l 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ S. B. Saunders 
 
 
 
 1C 
 
 ) 6 
 
 10 G 
 
 Master B. Marks 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 ) 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. H. Wolfman 
 
 
 
 1C 
 
 \ 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ S. Solomon 
 
 
 
 If 
 
 ) 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mrs. M. Tartakover 
 
 
 
 1C 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. L. H. Hart 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 ) 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ A. Levy 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 > 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 „ J. Avinsky 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mrs. Nettleberg 
 
 
 
 1C 
 
 » 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. M. Levy 
 
 
 
 1C 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 j, S. Isaacs ... 
 
 
 
 1C 
 
 1 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mrs. A. L. Levy 
 
 
 
 1C 
 
 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Mr. H.Cohen 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 ) 6 
 
 10 6 
 
 Miss Cronson ... 
 
 " 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Mr. J. Ellis 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 A Friend 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 .. 
 
 
 5 
 
 Mr. E. Harris 
 
 , 
 
 5 
 
 .. 
 
 
 5 
 
 Mrs. Moses 
 
 , 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Mr. J. Marks ... 
 
 . 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Miss Marks 
 
 , 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Mr. L. Pollack 
 
 , 
 
 5 
 
 .. 
 
 
 5 
 
 „ A. Simmons 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Miss S. Phillips 
 
 
 
 o "s 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 „ Jude 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 „ C. Marks 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Mr. D. Sonnenberg 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 „ S. L. Fry berg 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Mrs. Harris 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Miss A. Phillips 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Mrs. S. Belinfante 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 „ S. Goldschmidt ... 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Mr. L. Davis ... 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Miss C. Moses 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 „ M. Davis... 
 
 
 
 £ 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Mr. J. Rutherford 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 5
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 Mr. E. Harvey 
 
 Miss C. Davis ... 
 
 Mrs. P. Phillips 
 
 Mr. E. Fruhauf 
 
 Sundry amounts ... 
 Cash collections ... 
 
 Additional subscriptions — 
 Mr J. Solomon 
 
 „ and Mrs. H. Lyons 
 
 „ J. Holton ... 
 
 „ J. O'Brady 
 
 „ E. F. Tronson 
 
 „ J. M'Lellan 
 
 „ M. J. Cohen 
 
 „ D. S. Phillips 
 
 „ A. Anderson 
 Messrs. Wisewould and Gibbs 
 Mr. J. Adamson 
 
 „ C. Anderson 
 
 „ J. Band 
 
 „ J. Fergusson 
 
 „ W. Alexander 
 
 „ J. A. Smith 
 Messrs. Fenwick Bros. 
 Mr. M. Jacobs... 
 
 „ T. M'Dermott 
 
 „ A. Levy 
 
 Former 
 Donations 
 
 At Conse- 
 cration. 
 
 Total. 
 
 £ s. 1. 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 J. 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 ') 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1 2 6 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 18 .0 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 M. HYMAN, Secretary.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 WFT 
 
 ORION OCT15'90 
 
 mm 0C "?* 1 99f 
 
 St?*' 
 
 50m-7,'69 (N296s4) — C-120
 
 University of California, Los t 
 
 L 006 058 378 8