LIBRARY OF 
 
 W. H. LAN6E 
 
 INSECTA BRITANNICA. 
 
 D I P T E R A, 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 FRANCIS WALKER, RL.S. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 KEEVE AND BENHAM, 
 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 
 
 1851. 
 
PRINTED BY EEEVE AND NICHOLS, 
 HEATHCOCK COURT, STRAND. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 THE following descriptions are prepared from British or Irish 
 specimens ; and the species which are doubtful natives of Great 
 Britain and Ireland, or which I have not had the means of 
 examining, are omitted. The Diptera are here divided into 
 Suctoridea, Proboscidea, and Eproboscidea : the Proboscidea com- 
 prise the Nemocera, Brachycera, and Hypocera ; and this volume 
 contains the families of Brachycera in which the Diptera are 
 most highly organized, or have their characters most developed. 
 Mr. Haliday has contributed the characters and synoptical tables 
 of the Diptera) of the Empidte, and of the SyrpMda, and the 
 whole of the Dolichopidte -, and I am also indebted to him for 
 his kind assistance in other parts of the volume. The ten plates 
 are prepared by Mr. Westwood ; two others, by Mr. Haliday, 
 illustrating the wings of Diptera generally, will appear in the 
 next volume. 
 
 The last volume will contain an introduction and general 
 observations on these insects. 
 
 FRANCIS WALKER. 
 
 December, 1851. 
 
EXPLANATION OF THE CONTEACTIONS IN THE 
 REFERENCES. 
 
 Ags. Agassiz. 
 
 Ahr. f. e. and fn. Ahren9, Fauna In- 
 sectorum Europse. 
 
 Be. Bouche. 
 
 Brm. and Bms. Burmeister. 
 
 Brulle exp. m. Brulle, Expedition 
 Scientifique de la Moree. 
 
 Carlier, ann. soc. ent. fr. Carlier, 
 Annales de la Societe Entomolo- 
 gique de la France. 
 
 Ct. b. e. Curtis, British Entomology 
 
 Den. and DC. Duncan. 
 
 Dg. and Deg. ins. and i. De Geer, In- 
 sectes, &c. 
 
 Dmr. and Dml. Dumeril,Dict.Nouv. 
 de 1'Histoire Naturelle. 
 
 Dnv. and Dnvn. Donovan, British 
 Insects. 
 
 Duf. and Df. Leon Dufour. 
 
 Fb. s. e. ; sp. i., sp., and s. i. ; mnt. ; 
 e. s. ; s. a. Fabricius, Systema 
 Entomologiae, Species Insectorum, 
 Mantissa Insectorum, Entomolo- 
 gia Systematica, Systema Antlia- 
 torum. 
 
 Fin. d. s. ; spl., sppl., suppl. ; anthr. ; 
 asil. ; dol. ; emp. ; str. ; syrph. 
 Fallen, Diptera Sueciae; Supple- 
 ment; Anthracides ; Asilici ; Do- 
 lichopodes ; Empidse ; Stratio- 
 mydae ; Syrphici. 
 
 Fischer progr. Fischer von Waldheim ; 
 Programme. 
 
 Ftr. and Frst., s. sp., and ct. Forster, 
 Cent. ; Novae Species Insectorum. 
 
 Gf. and Gfr. ; ins. ed. Fcry. Geoffroy, 
 Histoire des Insects ; Insecta 
 
 edente Fourcroy, or Entomologia 
 Parisiensis. 
 
 Gm. s. n. Gmeliii, Systema Naturae, 
 ed. 13. 
 
 Gmtl. Gimmerthal. 
 
 Gn., Gr. } and Grn. ; ic. Guerin, Ico- 
 nographie du Regne Animal. 
 
 Hal. and A. H. H. ; a. n. h. ; e. m. ; 
 z. j. Haliday, Annals of Natu- 
 ral History ; Entomological Ma- 
 gazine ; Zoological Journal. 
 
 Harris, or Hrs. Harris, Exposition of 
 English Insects. 
 
 Hbst Herbst. 
 
 Hms., Hfg., and Hffg. Hoffmansegg 
 in Meigen. 
 
 Illig. and 111. ; mag. Illiger ; maga- 
 zine. 
 
 Kby. Kirby. 
 
 L. and Lin. ; s. n. ; fn., and f. 8. 
 Linnaeus, Systema Naturae; Fauna 
 Suecica. 
 
 Lch. ; comp., Sam. Comp., and Sm. 
 cp. Leach in the Entomologist's 
 Useful Compendium, by Samou- 
 elle. 
 
 Lhm. ; n. act. ac. dec., and act. acad. 
 dec. Lehmann, Nova Acta Aca- 
 demies, Decade, &c. 
 
 L. and Latr. ; f . n. ; d. h. n. ; g. c., 
 and gen. ; h. n. ; r. a. Families 
 Naturelles ; Dictionnaire de 1'His- 
 toire Naturelle ; Genera Crust, 
 et Insectorum; Histoire Naturelle 
 des Insectes ; Regne Animal ; 
 Precis des Caracteres, &c. 
 
 Lm. Lamarck, Animaux sans Ver- 
 tebres. 
 
VI 
 
 CONTRACTIONS. 
 
 Lw. ; d. b., and bytr. ; e. z. ; 1. e. 
 Loew ; Beytrage ; Entomologischc 
 Zeitung; Linnsea Entomologica. 
 
 Mg. ; kl. ; zw. ; ill. mag. Meigen ; 
 Klassifikazion, &c. ; Zweifliige- 
 ligen Insekten ; Illiger's Magazin 
 fiir Insektenkunde. 
 
 Mgrle. and Mgle. Megerle in Meigen. 
 
 Mk. ; m. b. Mikan ; Monographia 
 Bombyliorum Bohemise. 
 
 Mir. ; pr. Miiller ; Fauna Friedrichs- 
 dahliensis ; Prodromus Zoologise 
 Danicse. 
 
 Mq. ; d., and d. i. ; d. n., and d. n. 
 fr., emp. ; d. e. ; a. s. e. Mac- 
 quart ; Histoire Naturelle des 
 Insectes Dipteres ; Dipteres du 
 Nord le la France, Empides, c. ; 
 Dipteres Exotiques ; Annales de 
 la Societe Entomologique de la 
 France, serie 2. 
 
 Nwm. Newman. 
 
 Ol. enc. Olivier, Encyclopedic Me- 
 thodique. 
 
 Prylsr. Preysler, Insekten, &c. 
 
 Pz. ; fh. Panzer ; Fauna Insectorum 
 Germanise. 
 
 Rdn. Rondani. 
 
 Rfnq. and Rfn. Rafinesque. 
 
 Rgb. See Leptis lineola, p. 66, in 
 Errata. 
 
 Rm, Reaumur, Insectes, &c. 
 
 Ro., Ros., and Rsi. ; etr. Rossi; 
 Fauna Etrusca ; edente Illigerio, 
 
 Roser ; Wurt. zw. Verzeichniss Wiir- 
 temberg. Zweifliigeligen. 
 
 Rs. Rossi; Systematisches Verzeich- 
 niss der zweifliigelichten Insecten 
 (Diptera) des Erzherzogthums 
 Oesterreich. (Wien, 1848.) 
 
 Rtz. Ratzburg. 
 
 Sch., Schf., Schff., and Shf. ; ic. 
 Schseffer ; Icones Insectorum, &c. 
 
 Sd. ; ent. Shuckard in The Entomo- 
 logist. 
 
 Shi., Schlb., and Schll. Schellenberg, 
 
 Shr. ; i. a., and in.; f. b. and fn. 
 Schranck; Insecta Austrise ; Fauna 
 Boica. 
 
 Sib. Sahlberg. 
 
 Spl. ; e. c., and i. c., and earn. Sco 
 poll ; Entomologia Carniolica. 
 
 St. and Steph. ; b. e. ; ill. Stephens ; 
 Illustrations of British Insects, 
 Haustellata ; Illustrations of Bri- 
 tish Entomology. 
 
 St. F. et Srv. St. Fargeau et Serville 
 in the Encyclopedic Methodique. 
 
 Stg. and Stseg. ; e. z. Stseger ; Ento- 
 mologische Zeitung, and in Kroy- 
 er's Naturhistorische Tidsskrift. 
 
 Stn. Stannius in Oken's Isis. 
 
 Wd., Wdm., and Wdn. ; z. m., and 
 mag. Wiedemann ; Zoologische 
 Magaziu. 
 
 Wlbg. ; act. holm. Wahlberg ; Kongl. 
 Sveuska Vetenskaps Academiens 
 Handlingar. Ofversigt, ditto. 
 
 Wlk. e. m. ; c. d. b. m. Walker, in 
 the Entomological Magazine ; Ca- 
 talogue of Diptera in the British 
 Museum. 
 
 Wtw. and Wstw. ; cl., elf., and class. 
 "Westwood ; Classification of In- 
 sects. 
 
 Zll.; and Zlr. ZeUer, in Oken's Isis. 
 
 Ztt. ; d. s. ; i. 1., and lap. ; a. holm. 
 Zetterstedt ; Diptera Scandinavia ; 
 Insecta Lapponica; Kongl. Sven- 
 ska Vetenskaps Academiens Hand- 
 liugar. 
 
INSECTA BRITANNICA. 
 
 D I P T E R A. 
 
 0* suctorium, proboscide, setis inclusis, palpisque. 
 Ala Una ; halteres bini pone alas. 
 Tarsi pentameri. 
 
 Oken, 1821. Burmeister; Strauss Durckheim ; Erichson ; Siebold. 
 Antliata ; Schioedte, 1841. 
 
 Diptera et Suctoria : Degeer, 1778 ; Latreille, 1797 ; Savigny ; Duges. 
 Diptera et Aptera : M'Leay, 1821. 
 Diptera et Siphonaptera : Latreille, 1825. 
 Diptera et ApJianiptera : Kirby, 1826; Westwood. 
 
 Diptera, Omaloptera et Aptera-. Leach, 1819. 
 
 Diptera, Pupipara et Suctoria: Latr., 1821. 
 
 Diptera, Homaloptera et ApJianiptera : Stephens, 1827 ; Curtis. 
 
 Diptera, Omaloptera et Pulicarii : Kondani, 1841. 
 
 * The synonyms are arranged in the following gradations : 
 
 2 . costive. 
 
 " 
 
 7 
 
 3. Supplementary . An entire group and part of another co-ordinate . . 11-17 
 
 4. Indefinite . . . Portions only of groups ... ...... 18, 19 
 
 5. Ancient, before the distinct gradations of groups were observed . . . 20-22 
 VOL. I. B 
 
DIPTERA. 
 
 Diptera et Aptera p.\ Linnaeus, 1753; Geoffrey; Muller; Olivier; 
 
 Cuvier ; Dumeril ; (Meigen ; Fallen ; Zetterstedt.) 
 Halierata et Pedestria p. : Scopoli, 1763. 
 Muscoides et Oniscoides p. : Laicharting, 1781. 
 Halteriptera et Rophoteira p. : Clairville, 1798. 
 Diptera et Antennidia p. : Rafinesque, 1815. 
 Aptera et Diptera p. : Lamarck. 
 
 Angioptera p . : Linnaeus, 1735. 
 
 Antliatap. et Ryngota p. : Fabricius, 1775; Illiger. 
 
 Diptera et Aptera p. : Aristoteles. 
 Bipennia et impennia p. : Plinius. 
 Anelytra bipennia, &c. : Lister. 
 
 Mouth suctorial ; with a proboscis, or sheath, closed on the under- 
 side (Labium), usually shut above by a slighter piece (Labrum), and 
 enclosing (generally an odd number of) lancets, varying between one and 
 five, (Lingua, Maxillae, Mandibulae :) a pair of palpi (maxillary); rarely 
 there are the rudiments of another pair (labial), or there are none at all. 
 Sometimes the mouth is obsolete, or even closed. 
 
 Thorax compact ; prothorax very short, immovably attached to the 
 mesothorax, which is the largest segment. 
 
 A pair of wings (the anterior), the membrane not clothed with 
 scales ; divided into a moderate number of areolets, by interlaced veins ; 
 the base of the wing continued, more or less, in sinuous folds (Alulae), 
 below the sides of the scutellum. A pair of small clavate appendages, 
 filled with air (Halteres), behind them, in place of the posterior wings. 
 
 Sometimes the wings, or both wings and halteres, are wanting. 
 
 Tarsi pentamerous, rarely tetramerous.* 
 
 No nipping jaws ; no wing-cases. 
 
 This order is not liable to be confounded with almost any 
 other, as regards the winged species, which form the vast majority. 
 Only the male Coccidce, when they have compound eyes (some 
 Dorthesia, &c.), resemble Chironomida with the proboscis ob- 
 solete ; but their tarsi, of one joint and with a single claw, are 
 sufficient to distinguish them. The very superficial resemblance 
 which some NEUEOPTERA (Cloeon spp. &c.), wanting the hind 
 wings, bear to dipterous insects, is not likely to mislead : these 
 have not halteres, and both the shape and the veining of the 
 
 * Only two instances are recorded, viz., Dicera furcata (Germar), in which the 
 posterior pairs, and Echinomyia tetramera (Zett.), in which all the tarsi, are tetra- 
 
DIPTEKA. 3 
 
 wings differ from DIPTEEA. Still more remote is the relation to 
 the male Stylopidce, in which it is the metathorax, with the 
 hinder wings alone, that are developed, and the position of the 
 seeming halteres (fore wings) is relatively the inverse. Among 
 HYMENOPTERA, the genus Mymar has the hinder wings only 
 rudimental, but they take the form of a bristle merely. 
 
 The wingless species of Diptera may be distinguished from 
 those of most other orders, (HEMIPTEEA and NEUROPTEEA p., sc. 
 Forficulidce, Podurella, Mallophaga, Termitida, Psocidte, Phy- 
 sapoda, spp. &c.,) by the 5-jointed tarsi ; and where this mark 
 fails (from COLEOPTEEA, HYMENOPTEEA, and the other wingless 
 NEUEOPTEEA), by the want of nipping jaws, or of the maxillary 
 spiral sucker (of LEPIDOPTEEA) ; without going into the other 
 distinctive characters. 
 
 In Diptera, the labiurn seems to be the true pump, or instru- 
 ment of suction. Accordingly, where the fly merely imbibes 
 excreted juices of plants, &c., we find the labium much longer 
 than the rest of the oral organs (e. g. Conops, Siphona, Musca, 
 Hydrotaa, Tephritis, and most of the Mutcida, the Syrphidce, 
 PipunculiddBj &c.). But where the fly preys on other insects, 
 there is a borer (composed of labrum, tongue, and usually also 
 maxillae) nearly as long as the labium (Asilicfa, Empida, Scato- 
 phaga, Ccenosia, Cordylura, &c.) ; and where they have to pierce 
 the skin of larger animals, to make the blood flow to the sucker, 
 this development is more evident (Stomoxys), sometimes the borer 
 being reinforced with mandibular lancets (Tabanida, Culex, 
 Phlebotomus, Ceratopogon, Simulium*). The comparative short- 
 ness of the labrum and tongue in some of the family Dolichopida, 
 which are all predaceous, is only apparently an exception; see 
 further under that head. The length of the labium is not an 
 obstacle to the borer going deep; for while its extremity con- 
 tinues to embrace and steady the lancets of the borer, the inter- 
 mediate length may be detached from them, in a loop, allowing 
 the liplets to slide back as the borer penetrates (e. g. Culex], 
 
 * The entire mouth forming a cupping apparatus. 
 
 B 2 
 
DIPTERA. 
 
 DIPTEEA. 
 
 lying flat in cavities at the sides of the head . 1. SUCTORIDEA. 
 
 seated in front of f^se side by side . . . 2. PROBOSCIDEA. 
 the head : Legs {^^ ...... 3 EPEOBOSCIDEA. 
 
 SUCTOEIDEA. 
 
 Suctoria, Degeer ; Latr. 
 
 Aphaniptera, Kirby ; Stephens ; Curtis ; Westwood. 
 
 Siphonaptera, Latr. 
 
 Aptera, Lamarck ; M'Leay. 
 
 Aptera p., Linn. ; Dumeril. 
 
 Ehophoteira p., Clairville. 
 
 Diptera p., Oken ; Burmeister ; Erichson ; Siebold. 
 
 Eyngota p., Fabr. 
 
 Antliata p., Schioedte. 
 
 Antennae pone oculos, laterales, distantes, recumbentes. 
 Oculi bini, laterales, simplices. 
 Mandibulse extricate, serratse. Lingua nulla. 
 Palpi labiales non semper obsoleti. 
 Alae et halteres nulla. 
 Epimera prothoracis libera, porrecta. 
 
 Corpus compressum, ad juncturaa thoracis cum capite et abdomine non 
 constrictum. 
 
 PEOBOSCIDEA. 
 
 Proboscidea, Latr. 
 Diptera, Leach; Melgen. 
 
 Antennae in fronte inter oculos. 
 
 Labium apice bilobo. Lingua labro inclusa. 
 
 Palpi maxillis affixi, vel fulcro proboscidis. 
 
 Alee et halteres in plerisque. . 
 
 Pedes cujusque paris inter se fere contigui. 
 
 Head attached to the front of the thorax by a slender neck. Large 
 compound facetted eyes at the sides of the head ; on the vertex often 
 three simple eyes. Antenna inserted in front of the head, between the 
 large eyes. Proboscis attached to a fleshy prop inserted in a cavity in 
 
DIPTERA. 5 
 
 the lower and anterior part of the head. Labium ending in a thicker 
 bilobed piece (the "labella"), traversed internally by radiating tracheae; 
 sheathing the mandibles and maxillae when these are developed. La- 
 drum closing this sheath above, embracing the lingua. Palpi attached 
 to the base of the maxilla, or, if these are wanting, seated on the prop 
 of the proboscis. Pro thorax very small, immovably joined to the meso- 
 thorax, which is the largest piece. Wings and halteres developed, 
 almost always. Abdomen at the base much more slender than the 
 thorax, its dorsal segments at least distinct (4 or more). Legs of 
 each pair close together, and the posterior two pairs to each other ; the 
 fore pair usually farther from the intermediate. Ungues and onychia 
 symmetrical pairs. 
 
 PROBOSCIDEA. 
 
 rwith distinct joints, at least 6, 
 g I (usually more than 10) . . . 1. NEMOCERA. 
 
 <! Lwith 3 to 10 joints; after 
 the 3d closely united, or 
 abruptly slighter. Pos- ("branched or inter- 
 terior veins of the wing \ laced, more or less 2. BRACHYCERA. 
 
 I simple, detached, 
 and very faint . 3. HYPOCERA. 
 
 NEMOCERA, Latr.; Macg.-, &c. 
 
 Antennae articulis discretis saltern sex saepius decem et ultra. 
 Palpi plerumque deflexi, articulis pluribus exsertis. 
 Areola analis in marginem posteriorem aperta. 
 
 Add. Antennas plerumque capite longiores, graciles, filiformes aut 
 
 setaceae. 
 
 Alulae scutellares obsoletse ; 
 Lob us axillaris quoque ut plurimum. 
 Alae venis multimodis, nee facile in typum redigendis. 
 Ocelli saepe desunt. 
 Ungues haud raro denticulati. 
 
 BRACHYCERA, Macq. 
 Antennae articulis post tertium connatis, vel extremis (1-3) minis 
 
 attenuatis. 
 
 Palpi porrecti, aut proboscidi incumbentes, quasi exarticulati. 
 Areola analis ferme clausa. 
 Venae posteriores ramosae vel anastomosi connexae. 
 
 Figure usually stouter and more compact than in Nemocera, and the 
 head broader, and more vertical. Cavity of the mouth at the underside 
 
6 DIPTERA. 
 
 rather than at the anterior part of the head, so that the eyes are 
 always separated below in consequence of its interposition. Ocelli 
 seldom wanting. The Jlagellum of the antenna more compact, some- 
 times in one piece (never having more than 8 joints in our native 
 kinds), usually terminating in (one to three) abruptly slighter joints. 
 Palpi short, projecting above the proboscis, or lying on it, appearing 
 externally inarticulated, the first joints, if there be any such distinct, 
 being short. The veiuing of the wings is more easily reducible to one 
 type than in Nemocera* The anal areolet is closed, often at a distance 
 from the margin, or if it reaches this, it is tapered nearly to a point : 
 rarely it disappears with the anal vein. The inner or scutellar alula? 
 are often developed, sometimes so as to conceal the halteres. The 
 ungues are not toothed. The empodium is usually more slender than 
 the onychia. 
 
 HYPOCERA, Macq. = Trineura3, Latr. 
 
 Antennae prope epistoma, articulo uno insigniore et arista. 
 
 Mandibulae et maxillae obsoletae. 
 
 Palpi porrecti, exarticulati. 
 
 Alae venis anterioribus validis, cum costale, circa medium costse desi- 
 
 nentibus ; posterioribus subtilissimis, simplicibus, disjunctis. 
 Coxae et femora crassa, compressa. 
 
 EPROBOSCIDEA. 
 
 Omaloptera, Leach. 
 Pupipara, Latr. 
 Homaloptera, Steph. ; Curtis. 
 
 Antennae foveolis immersae prope os. 
 
 Labium tubulosum, superne fissum, basi inflatum, lingua tenui inclusa 
 
 et labro incumbente inter palpos porrectos fere vaginatum. 
 Pedes dissiti sterno lato. 
 Abdomen coriaceum, vix insectum. 
 Alae et halteres saepius mutila vel nulla. 
 Ungues duplicati, vel triplicati. 
 
 Add. Palpi extra fulcrum labii siti, nee cum eo exserendi. Oculi 
 niultiformes. Prosternum ultra capitis insertionem porrectum. Thorax 
 depressus. Alae ubi completae fere ut in Brachyceris. Abdomen basi 
 constrictum. Ungues et onychia imparia, utraque ex adverse, i. e. unguis 
 major arolium minus subjectum habet et vice versa. Ungues ad scan- 
 sum apti. 
 
 * The veins which run to the hind margin chiefly originate from an intermediate 
 axis, which divides into three branches near the root of the wing, and these are 
 usually again subdivided, and connected by deflexion or by transverse veins. 
 
DIPTERA. 
 
 SUCTORIDEA.' 
 
 Fam. 1. 
 
 NEMOCERA. 
 
 with an angular transverse seam Fam. 10. TIPULID/E. 
 
 wanting . . g. Epidapus in Fam. 2. 
 
 > 
 
 --complete 11. RHYPHOXE. 
 
 ' two or three : I 
 
 Discal areolet j^ ["conspicuous . 4. BIBIONID^. 
 
 Pronotum -s 
 
 (.inconspicuous . 2. MYCETOPHILID.E. 
 
 ending near the ("broad, compressed . . 5. 
 tip of the wing : I 
 Tibiffi and Me- j 
 
 tatarsi Ulender, subcylindrical 6. CniRONOiriD.E. 
 
 II 
 
 11 
 
 " not more than six .3. CECIDOMYZID^E. 
 
 ovate or lanceokte, deflected 
 
 or divaricated .... 8. PHLEBOTOMID^;. 
 
 oblong, rounded ("scales . 7- CULICID.E. 
 
 at the tip, incum- 1 
 
 bent : Hind mar- J 
 
 gin fringed with Lhairs . 9. HETEEOCLIT^E. 
 
 * For Simuliada, the proper etymological form (framed after the analogy of 
 Deucalida from Deucalion), to preserve the uniformity of the termination id<z. And 
 so in other cases following. 
 
DIPTERA. 
 
 BRACHYCERA. 
 
 ' covered by the Alulee : Head minute, nearly all eye Fam. 15. 
 
 ending near the tip of the f 8 J omt8 19 - 
 
 more than 3 joints 
 
 wing : Antennse of \ 
 
 relevated 
 
 not out of proportion, small 
 
 II 
 
 s 
 
 3 a 
 
 
 
 l 
 
 ^ hollowed 
 
 o ; r dilated like the onychia 
 g * * slender and pointed . 
 
 12. 
 14. 
 13. 
 16. 
 
 17. 
 
 18. 
 
 ACROCERIDJS. 
 
 SCENOPINID^. 
 
 STRATIOMIDJS. 
 
 TABANID.E. 
 
 XYLOPHAGID^E. 
 
 ASILID^E. 
 
 LEPTID.E. 
 BOMBYLID.E. 
 
 short, and distant from the hind margin 
 
 
 rounded : Brachial ( reaching (some of them) to f 
 the 
 
 20. EMPID.E. 
 
 and anal areolets J the first third of wing J 
 
 [very minute, or indistinct . 21. 
 
 pointed . 22. 
 
 each accompanied by a spurious vein . . . .25. 
 
 forming a short style 26. 
 
 as its tip . . . - . . . . 23. 
 touching the peristoma 24. 
 
 DOLICHOPID^E. 
 
 LONCHOPTEBID.E. 
 
 SYRPHID.E. 
 
 CONOPID.E. 
 
 PLATYPEZIDJE. 
 
 PIPUNCULID^B. 
 
 bounded by the cheeks 27. MUSCID^E. 
 -obsolete . < 28. 
 
 I abortive: 3rd joint of Antenna f at its ti P (20. Empid* p.) 
 
 bearing the arist a \ onit8upperedge (27 . Muscid* p.) 
 
DIPTERA. 
 
 HYPOCERA. 
 
 Fam. 29. PHORID^S. 
 
 EPROBOSCLDEA. 
 
 {prone, the neck lying on the prosternum . . Fam. 30. HIPPOBOSCID.E. 
 turned back, and upside down, over the mesonotum . 31. NYCTERIBID/K. 
 
 FAMILY!. STEATiOMID JB. 
 
 STRATIOMYD.E, LI. g. c. (1809); Fin.; Mg.; Ztt. Stratiomydes, Mq. 
 Corpus magnum, medium, aut minus. Ocelli 3. Proboscis re- 
 tracta. Labium crassum. Palpi saspissime clavati. Antennas por- 
 rectas, 5-IQ -articulate, basi approximate, apice conicas aut seta 
 elongata aut stylo brevissimo terminates ; articuli tertius et sequentes 
 subasquales. Scutellum muticum aut spinosum. Alas incumbentes, 
 plerumque tenuiter et obsolete venosas. Vena cubitalis furcata. 
 Areola aualis longa. Vena costalis prope alas apicem terminata. 
 Alulas parvas. Abdomen depressum, 5-annulatum, saspissime latius- 
 culum. Pedes breviusculi, simplices, mutici, pubescentes. 
 Mas. Oculi saspissime contigui. 
 Fcem. Oculi remoti. 
 
 Body rather flat, of large, middle, or small size. Ocelli 3. Pro- 
 boscis withdrawn. Palpi most often clavate. Labium thick. An- 
 tennas porrect, approximate at the base, 5IQ-jomted, with conical 
 tips, or terminating in a short style or in a long bristle ; third and 
 following joints compact, almost equal, forming a flagellum. Scutellum 
 unarmed or beset with spines. Wings incumbent, parallel; veins 
 crowded together near tJie fore border; cubital vein forked ; costal vein 
 ending near the tip of the wing ; longitudinal veins generally slender, 
 indistinct, not reaching the border; discal areolet small. Alulas small. 
 Halteres uncovered. Abdomen depressed, generally rather broad, 
 with 5 segments. Legs simple, pubescent, unarmed, of moderate 
 length. Tarsi with 3 onychia. 
 Male. Eyes generally contiguous. 
 Female. Eyes remote. 
 
 The species of this family inhabit flowers, leaves of trees, 
 meadows, or aquatic plants 7 from the spring to the autumn- their 
 movements are slow. The larvae are aquatic, or live in decom- 
 posing matter or in decayed wood. 
 VOL. i. c 
 
10 
 
 STRATIOMID^E. 
 
 ( notstylate: (-almost obsolete 
 Palpi -j 
 I long . 
 
 . . 1. BERTS. 
 
 . 2 ACTINA 
 
 Antennae \ 
 f short .... 
 
 . . 3. STRATIOMYS. 
 
 unarmed : 
 Epistoma 
 
 Istvlate: Style ^ 4 ^^ 
 
 [long; Antennae < 
 
 <-9-jointed 5. CLITELLARIA. 
 
 porrect 6. NEMOTELUS. 
 
 f 8-jointed 
 
 declining: Antennae ( 7 -jointed 
 1 6-jointed 
 
 7. PACHYGASTER. 
 
 8. CHRYSOMYIA. 
 
 9. SARGUS. 
 
 Genus I. BERIS. 
 
 BERTS, LI. g. c. (1809); Mg. ; Wd. ; Mq. ; Ct. ; Ztt. Musca p., L. ; 
 
 Ftr. ; Fb. ; Shr. Stratiomys p., Fb. ; Ftr. ; Gm. ; Gf. ; Pz. ; Fin. 
 
 Actina, Mg. kl. 
 Corpus oblongum, sat angustum. Color metallicus, abdomine interdum 
 
 flavo ; pictura nulla. Palpi subobsoleti. Antennae subfusiformes ; 
 
 flagellum subconicum. Scutellum spinis 4-8 armatum. Alarum venae 
 
 3 longitudinales, prseter areolam analem longe retractam, in alse 
 
 marginem interiorem descendentes ; vena cnbitalis subrecta ; furca sat 
 
 longa. Abdomen depressum. Tibiae muticaa. 
 Mas. Oculi contigui. 
 Fcem. Oculi remoti. 
 
 Body rather narrow, clothed with short hairs. Colour black or me- 
 tallic, without spots, bands, or stripes ; abdomen of some species yellow. 
 Head depressed. Labrum very short, broad, hollow, emarginate at the 
 tip ; the sides thickened. Tongue acute, rather longer than the labrum. 
 Palpi almost obsolete. Labium large. Antenna long-fusiform, porrect, 
 approximate, diverging, 10-jointed, a little longer than the head; first 
 and second joints bristly ; first more slender at the base ; second 
 cyathiform ; third and following joints forming a long-conical flagel- 
 lum. Thorax oval, with some transverse sutures on the sides. Scu- 
 tellum rounded, armed with 4, 6, or 8 spines. Wings finely pubescent ; 
 cubital vein almost straight, its fork rather long. Alulae entire, very 
 small. Abdomen flat. Legs slender. 
 
 Male. Eyes contiguous. Abdomen linear; lateral lamellae of the 
 hypopygium hooked, exserted. Hind metatarsus long, broad. 
 
 Female. Eyes remote. Abdomen long-elliptical. 
 
BEEIS. 11 
 
 These insects inhabit flowers and herbage during the summer. 
 B. clavipes and B. Valletta frequent open meadows ; the other 
 species are more often found in woods. 
 a. Abdomen yellow. Species 1, 2. 
 a a. Abdomen metallic or black. Species 3-6. 
 
 1. clavipes, L. s. n. ii. 981. 12 (1767); Fb. ; Shr. ; Gm.; Pz. ; 
 Gf. ; LI. ; Mg. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw.niffra, Gf. Nigra, scutello 
 sex-spinoso, alisfuscis, abdoinineluieosegmentisfusco-fasciatis, pedibus 
 luteis, tarsis nigris, tibiis anterioribus fuscis basi flavis ; Mas. abdomine 
 basi nigro. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 5-6 lin. 
 
 Black, thinly clothed with tawny hairs. Proboscis tawny. Scutellum 
 armed with 6 spines. Wings brown, dark brown at the base and along 
 the fore border. Halteres yellow. Abdomen luteous ; a slender brown 
 band near the hind border of each segment. Legs luteous ; tarsi black ; 
 posterior tibiaB dark brown, yellow towards the base. 
 
 Male. Abdomen black at the base. Hind metatarsus dilated. 
 
 Generally distributed. The eggs are oval, and form a chain 
 about an inch long, being connected, in an oblique position,, side 
 by side. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. vallata, Ftr. n. sp. i. I. 96 (1771); Gm.; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt.; 
 Lw. nigritarsis, LI. clavipes, Mg. Nigra, scutello sex-spinoso, ab- 
 domine luteo, pedibus flavis, tarsis nigris, tibiis fuscis basi flavis. Long. 
 2i-2J ; alar. 4-5| lin. 
 
 Black, thinly clothed with tawny hairs. Proboscis tawny. Antenna 
 with the third joint sometimes ferruginous or tawny. Scutellum armed 
 with 6 spines. Halteres yellow. Abdomen luteous. Legs yellow ; 
 tibiae dark brown, yellow towards the base ; tarsi black. Far. Hind 
 tibiaB quite yellow; hind metatarsus tawny. Male. Wings brown. 
 Hind metatarsus slightly dilated. Fern. Wings colourless, yellow at 
 the base and along the fore border as far as the stigma, which is 
 brown. 
 
 GeneraUy distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 3. chalybeata, Ftr. n. sp. i. I. 95 (1771); Mg.; Mq. sex- 
 dentata, Fb. ; LI.; Mg. ; Ztt.; Lw. obscura? Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. 
 
 fiampes, Mq. atra, Mg. Viridis, scutelli spinis nigris, pedibus fulvis, 
 tarsis fuscis, metatarso postico fulvo ; Mas. alis nigro-fuscis, abdomine 
 atro ; Fcem. fronte lata, alis fulvo-subcinereis, abdomine piceo. Long. 
 2-2; alar. 4-5 lin. 
 
 Antennae black. Scutellum armed with 4, 6, or 8 black spines. Legs 
 tawny; tarsi brown. Male. Dark green, clothed with short black hairs. 
 Proboscis yellow. Wings dark brown ; stigma very dark brown. Hal- 
 teres brown. Abdomen deep black, not shining. Coxae black. Hind 
 metatarsi dark tawny. Jem. Bright bluish-green, clothed with short 
 tawny hairs.- Proboscis tawny. Wings pale grey, with a tawny tinge ; 
 
 c 2 
 
12 STRATIOMIDJl. 
 
 stigma brown. Halteres tawny. Abdomen piceous, shining. Hind 
 metatarsi tawny. 
 
 Far. Fern. Antennae with the third joint ferruginous. 
 
 Generally distributed; the pupa has been found in moss. 
 (E. S. 1.) 
 
 4. fuscipes, Mg. zw. ii. 8. 11 (1820); Lw. nigra, Mg. ; Mq, 
 Cyaneo-viridis, scutelli spinis nigris, abdomine nigro-cupreo ; Mas. alis 
 subcinereis, pedibus nigro-fuscis geniculis tarsorumque basi flavicantibus, 
 metatarso postico incrassato; Fcem. alis limpidis, pedibus flavis femo- 
 ribus ante apicem, tibiis apice tarsorumque articulis secundo ad tertium 
 fuscis. Long. 2f-3 ; alar. 6-6| lin. 
 
 Bright bluish-green, clothed with tawny hairs. Antennas black. 
 Scutellum armed with & or S black spines. Halteres luteous. Abdomen 
 coppery black. Legs tawny. Male. Wings slightly tinged with grey ; 
 stigma brown ; veins black, tawny at the base. Hind tarsi and tips of 
 the hind tibia brown. Fern. Wings colourless ; femora, tibia, and fore 
 tarsi partly pale brown. 
 
 Rare ; South of England. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 
 
 5. Morrisii, Dale, ent. 175. 75 (1842). pallipes, Lw. Cyaneo- 
 viridis, scutelli spinis nigris, alis subh'mpidjs, abdomine nigro-cupreo, 
 pedibus flavis, tarsorum articulis secundo ad quintum fuscis ; Fcem. fronte 
 angusta. Long. 3|~3J; alar. 6-^7 lin. 
 
 Bright bluish-green, clothed with tawny hairs. Antennae black. 
 Scutellum armed with 6 or 8 Hack spines. Wings almost colourless ; 
 stigma dark brown ; veins black, tawny at the base. Halteres luteous. 
 Abdomen coppery-black. Legs pale yellow ; tarsi brown ; anterior me- 
 tatarsi tawny. Male. Tips of the tibia brown. Fern. Front narrow. 
 Hind metatarsi tawny. 
 
 Rare ; South of England. In the British Museum. (E.) 
 
 6. geniculata, Hal.; Ct. b. e.! 337(1830). Cyaneo-viridis, capite 
 nigro-viridi, antennarum articulo tertio ferrugineo, scutelli spinis viridi- 
 bus, abdomine pedibusque nigris, genubus fulvis ; Mas. alis nigricanti- 
 bus ; Foem. alis cinereis. Long. 3-3 ; alar. 6-6-| lin. 
 
 Bright bluish-green. Head greenish-black. Antennae black ; third 
 joint dark ferruginous. Scutellum armed with 6 green spines. Halteres 
 luteous. Abdomen black, clothed with white down. Legs black; 
 femora, tibia, and tarsi at the base and knees tawny. Male. Wings 
 blackish. Fern. Wings grey. 
 Bare. (E. S. 1.) 
 
 Genus II. ACTINA. 
 
 ACTINA, Ct. b. e. 337 (1830). Stratiomys p., Ftr. Actina p., Mg. 
 olim. Xylophagus p., LI. Beris p., Mg. ; Mq. ; Lw. 
 
STRATI OMYS. 13 
 
 Corpus oblongum, angustum. Color metallicus, abdomine interdum 
 pallido ; pictura nuUa. Oculi remoti. Palpi longi, triarticulati. 
 Scutellum spinis armatum. Alarum venae 3 longitudinales, prater 
 areolam analem subrectangulam longe retractam, in marginem in- 
 teriorem alas descendentes ; vena quarta longitudinalis abbreviata ; 
 vena cubitalis undulata ; furca brevis. Tibiae muticae. 
 Body narrow. Colour mostly metallic. Eyes remote in both sexes. 
 Head depressed. Palpi long, triarticulate, somewhat thicker towards 
 the tips. Antenna 10-jointed, long -fusiform, approximate, diverging, 
 a little longer than the head ; third and following joints forming a long- 
 conical flagellum. Scutellum armed with spines. Wings finely pubes- 
 cent; third, fourth, fifth, and sixth posterior areolets open to the 
 border ; fourth and sixth more or less united ; anal areolet remote from 
 the border ; cubital vein undulating, its fork short. Tibiae without 
 spurs. 
 
 The flies of this genus inhabit woods ; they are nearly allied to 
 Beris, and have the same habits. 
 
 1. tibialis, Mg. zw. ii. 3. 2 (1820) ; Lw. Viridis, capite nigro an- 
 tice albo, antennis nigris, articulis secundo et tertio fulvis, scutello spinis 
 quatuor fulvis armato, pedibus flavis ; Mas. proboscide flava, alis sub- 
 cinereis, stigmate fusco, abdomine lineari purpureo subtus fulvo, tarsis 
 fuscis basi flavis, femoribus posticis fuscis subtus et apice fulvis, tibiis 
 posticis fuscis clavatis ; Foem. proboscide fulva, alis limpidis, stigmate 
 fulvo, abdomine fusiformi fulvo maculis fuscis bivittato, femoribus 
 tibiisque posticis fulvis. Long. 2-J ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Body slender, bright green, clothed with very short tawny hairs. 
 Head black, white in front. Antennae black. Scutellum armed with 
 four tawny spines. Halteres yellow. Legs yellow ; tarsi brown, yellow 
 at the base. Male. Proboscis yellow. Antennae with the second and 
 third joints dark tawny. Wings pale grey ; stigma brown. Abdomen 
 linear, dark purple, tawny beneath. Hind femora brown, tawny be- 
 neath and towards the tips. Hind tibiae dark brown, clavate. Fern. 
 Proboscis tawny. Antennae with the second and third joints* tawny. 
 Wings colourless ; stigma tawny. Abdomen fusiform, tawny, with a 
 row of triangular brown spots along each side. Hind femora tawny. 
 Hind tibiae tawny, with brown tips. 
 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 Genus III. STRATIOMYS. 
 
 STRATIOMYS, Gf. ins. ed. Fcry. (1784); Fb.; Mg. ; Pz. ; LI.; Fin.; 
 
 Mq. ; Ztt. Musca p., L. Hirtea p., Spl. Odontomyia, LI. ; Mg. 
 Corpus ovato-oblongum. Antennae 7-8-articulatae ; articulus primus 
 
 secundo longior ; tertius et sequentes ad septimum flagellum subfusiforme 
 
14 STRATIOMID^E. 
 
 stylo terminali brevissimo fingentes. Scutellum spinis duabus armatum. 
 
 Alarum vense praebrachialis, pobrachialis, et intermediae non usque ad 
 
 summum marginem interiorem descendentes. 
 
 Body oblong-oval, black, of large or middle size, slightly pubescent. 
 Head semicircular. Epistoma convex, forming a keel. Ocelli 3. Eyes 
 green, often with purple bands. Peristoma small, circular. Proboscis 
 withdrawn. Labrum linear, rounded in front, covering the labium. 
 Lingua as long as the labium ? Maxillae very small, pointed, attached 
 with the labrum to the base of the labium. Palpi triarticulate, 
 diverging, seated on each side in front of the base of the labium; 
 joints cylindrical, of equal length ; third somewhat thickened. Labium 
 almost cylindrical. Antennas 7-8-jointed, porrect, contiguous at the 
 base, diverging, inclined upward; first joint cylindrical, longer than 
 the second ; second short, cyathiform ; third and all the following 
 forming a fusiform compressed pointed flagellum, which usually forms 
 an angle with the second joint ; eighth joint like a very short style. 
 Thorax oval ; scutellum semicircular, armed with 2 short spines. Wings 
 lanceolate, not pubescent, incumbent, parallel, not covering the sides 
 of the body. Alulae small, not covering the halteres. Abdomen oval, 
 5 -jointed, flat or but slightly convex, pubescent or almost bare, 
 often with yellow marks on each side, or partly green, which colour 
 prevails chiefly in the smaller species, when it commences beneath and 
 spreads thence over the sides of the back till it occupies the whole 
 surface. Legs slender. 
 
 Male. Eyes contiguous ; facets larger on- the crown than in front. 
 Thorax hairy. 
 
 Female. Eyes remote. Thorax almost bare. 
 
 These flies feed on the honey of flowers, and appear in the 
 spring and in the summer on aquatic plants : their flight in 
 hot weather is very rapid but short, and they quickly return to 
 the spot whence they took wing. The larvae are aquatic, and 
 the metamorphose of S. Cham&leon has been often observed. 
 Its eggs from white become green, and then change to olive- 
 green ; they are arranged like tiles on a roof, one laid partly 
 over another, on the underside of the leaves of Alisma Plantago, 
 the water-plantain. The larva often remains suspended by its 
 radiated anus at the surface of the water, with its head down- 
 wards. Its ganglions are so near each other as to appear like a 
 string of beads. When it is disposed to sink to the bottom or to 
 descend, by bending the sides of its tail so as to form a concavity 
 it includes in them a bubble of air, in brilliancy resembling silver 
 or pearl, and then sinks with it by its own weight : when it 
 would return to the surface it is by means of this bubble. 
 If it moves upon the surface or horizontally, it bends its body 
 
STRATIOMYS. 15 
 
 alternately to the right and left, contracting itself into the form 
 of the letter S, and then extending itself again into a straight 
 line : by these alternate movements it makes its way slowly in the 
 water. It has much resemblance to some of the Polypi vagi- 
 nati. The last joint of the pupa retains the exact form of the 
 larva-body, is extremely long, and terminates in an orifice to 
 receive the air, which is surrounded by a circle of about thirty 
 diverging rays, consisting of beautifully feathered hairs or plumes. 
 The feathery hairs are so prepared as to repel the water, and 
 thus to suspend the animal by its tail at the surface, and preserve 
 a constant access of air. When it has occasion to sink, it turns 
 these hairs in and shuts the orifice, carrying down with it an air- 
 bubble that shines like quicksilver, and, as is conjectured, enables 
 it again to become buoyant when it wants to breathe. The 
 dorsal vessel (series of hearts, or artery) is attenuated at both 
 ends. The ovaries of the fly are agglomerate, and the egg-tubes 
 form two bundles, in which the branches are not discernible. 
 
 a. First joint of the antennae more than six times the length of the 
 
 second. Species 1. 
 a a. First joint of the antennae about four times the length of the 
 
 second. Species 2-4. 
 a a a. First joint of the antennae more than twice the length of the 
 
 second. Species 5-7. 
 a a a a. First joint of the antennae rather longer than the second. 
 
 Species 8-14. 
 
 1. longicornis, Spl. e. c. 999 (1763). strigata, Fb. ; Shr. ; Gm. ; 
 LI. ; Pz. fn. ! xii. 20 ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. villosa, Mg. nubeculosa, 
 Mg. tJioracica, Fb. Nigra, alis fuscis apice margineque postico 
 cinereis, ventre fulvo-vittato, tibiis basi tarsisque fulvis, tibiis posticis 
 fulvis nigro-cinctis ; Fcem. capite flavo-quadrimaculato. Long. 5-6^- ; 
 alar. 10-13 lin. 
 
 Black. Head and thorax most thickly clothed with ferruginous 
 hairs : eyes very thickly clothed with black hairs. Proboscis dark 
 brown. Antennae more than twice the length of the head. Scutellum 
 armed with 2 tawny teeth. Wings brown, grey along the hind 
 borders and at the tips. Halteres yellow. Abdomen clothed with 
 hoary hairs on each side, especially towards the base ; underside with 
 4 or 5 pale tawny bands. Tibiae at the base and tarsi tawny ; hind 
 tibiae tawny with a black band. Fern. Head with 4 yellow spots, 2 
 between and 2 behind the eyes. 
 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 2. Chamaeleon, Dg. ins. vi. 64. 1 (17-52); Fb.; Gf. p.; Ro. 
 etr. ; fig. Sch. ic. i. ix, 3, 4 ; Harris, exp. xi. 1. fig. ; Mg. ; Fin.; Mq, ; 
 
16 STRATIQMIDjE. 
 
 Ztt.potamida, Mg.; Mq. Nigro-senea, capite flavo-bimaculato, scu- 
 tello flavo aut fulvo bidentato, alls subcinereis basi et ad costam sub- 
 fulvis, abdomine nigro flaw-fasciato et utrinque maculato, ventre flavo, 
 pedibus fulvis, femoribus nigris, tibiis nigro-fasciatis. Long. 6-7 ; alar. 
 12-14 lin. 
 
 JSneous-black, thickly clothed with tawny hairs. Head with 2 
 yellow spots in front. Proboscis dark brown. Antennae black, about 
 twice the length of the head. Scutellum yellow or tawny, armed with 
 2 tawny teeth. Wings very pale grey, with a tawny tinge at the base 
 and along the fore border. Halteres yellow, with a brown ring near the 
 base. Abdomen above deep black, marked with yellow : a large trian- 
 gular spot on each side of the first segment ; an often interrupted band 
 on the second ; a band on the third, and a spot at the tip ; underside 
 yellow, with 4 more or less interrupted black bands. Legs tawny ; 
 femora black ; a black band on each tibia. Male. Spots on the front 
 smaller than in the female. Fern. A narrow interrupted yellow band 
 behind the eyes. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 3. furcata, Fb. e. s. iv. 264. 5 (1792); Harris, exp. xii. 2. fig.; 
 Mg.; Mq. ; Ztt. chameleon, L. ; Shr. ; Pz. fn. ! viii. 24 ; var. Ro. 
 etr. -panthaleon, Tin. Nigra, alis subcinereis basi et ad costam fulvis, 
 abdomine fulvo-l -maculato, ventre flavo-quinquefasciato, tibiis basi 
 tarsisque fulvis; Fcem. capite flavo-unimaculato, scutello fulvo nigro- 
 marginato. Long. 6-7; alar. 12-14 lin. 
 
 Black, thickly clothed with tawny hairs. Proboscis dark brown. 
 AntennaB almost twice the length of the head. Wings pale grey, 
 tawny at the base and along half the breadth beneath the fore border. 
 Halteres tawny. Abdomen with 3 more or less triangular tawny spots 
 an each side and 1 at the tip ; underside with 5 yellow bands. Tibiaa 
 towards the base and tarsi tawny. Fern. Head with a yellow spot 
 behind. Scutellum tawny, black along the fore border, armed with 2 
 tawny teeth. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 4. riparia, Mg. zw. iii. 138. 6 (1822) ; Mq. strigata, Mg. kl. 
 Nigra, scutelli margine postico fulvo bidentato, alis fulvis, abdomine 
 albido-1 -maculato, ventre flavo-quinquefasciato, pedibus nigris, tibiis 
 apice tarsisque fulvis, tarsis anticis obscure fulvis. Long. 4-^5 ; alar. 
 9-10 lin. 
 
 Black, thickly clothed with tawny hairs. Proboscis dark brown. 
 Scutellum tawny along the hind border, armed with 2 tawny spines, 
 whose tips are black. Wings tawny, paler along the hind borders and 
 at the tips. Halteres tawny. Abdomen with 3 narrow whitish spots 
 on each side and one at the tip ; underside with 5 yellow bands. Tibiae 
 towards the base and tarsi tawny ; fore tarsi dark tawny. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Saunders's collection. (E.) 
 
STRATI OMY9. 17 
 
 5. microleon, Fb.; Dg.; L. s. n. ii. 980. 4 (1767). Nigra, capite 
 flavo-quadrimaculato, thoracis lateribus fulvis, alis sublimpidis, abdo 
 minis maculis 6 apice ventreque fulvis, tibiis tarsisque flavis. Long. 
 4 ; alar. 8 lin. 
 
 Black, clothed with whitish hairs. Borders of the peris toma and 
 
 2 large spots on each side pale greenish-yellow. First and second 
 joints of the antennae, sides and spines of the thorax, tawny. Wings 
 colourless ; veins and halteres yellow. Abdomen with 3 triangular 
 yellow spots on each side; tip and underside yellow. Legs yellow; 
 femora black ; tips of hind tibice piceous. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. E. Brown's collection. (E) 
 
 6. argentata, Fb. e. s.iv. 266. 15 (1792); Pz. fn. ! xxi. 20.cviii. 
 10 ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Ztt. Nigra, alis albis, abdominis maculis 6 apice 
 ventreque fulvis, tibiis tarsisque fulvis ; Mas. abdomine argenteo, tibiis 
 nigro-cinctis ; Fcem. capite antico ferrugineo-maculato. Long. 3^-4 ; 
 alar. 6-7 lin. 
 
 Black, clothed with short tawny hairs. Scutellum armed with 2 
 tawny spines. Wings white ; veins tawny and clouded, brown and 
 clouded about the discoidal areolet. Halteres tawny. Abdomen with 
 
 3 tawny spots on each side ; tip and underside tawny. Legs tawny ; 
 femora black ; tips of the tarsi dark brown. Male. Abdomen covered 
 with silvery down ; a black band round each tibia. Fern. Head with a 
 ferruginous spot in front. Femora partly tawny. 
 
 South of England ; not common. (E.) 
 
 7. connexa, n. s. Nigro-senea, capite flavo-viridi nigro-maculato, 
 thoracis abdominisque lateribus scutelli margine poatico ventreque flavo- 
 viridibus, alis cinereis ad costam fuscis, pedibus nigris, tibiis tarsisque 
 basijlavis. Long. 4 ; alar. 8 lin. 
 
 Allied to S.fiavissima, Fb. Dull a3neous-black. Head yellowish- 
 green, shining, black about the ocelli and about the base of the an- 
 tennae, and with a black spot on each side of the crown. Sides of the 
 thorax, hind border, and spines of the scutellum, yellowish-green. 
 Wings grey, brownish towards the fore border, darkest along the costa 
 as far as the stigma. Halteres apple-green. Borders and underside 
 of the abdomen yellowish-green, which colour forms an angle on the hind 
 border of each segment. Legs black ; tibice and tarsi towards the base 
 and tips of the femora yellow. 
 
 Very rare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 
 
 8. omata, Mg. kl. i. 129. 1 (1804); LI.; Mq. ; Ztt. Nigra, 
 antennis ferrugineis basi et ad apices nigris, thorace subchalybeo, scu- 
 telli margine postico fulvo, alis albis basi et ad costam subfulvis, ab- 
 domine fulvo-1 -maculato subtus viridi, pedibus fulvis ; Mas. femoribus 
 nigris apice fulvis, tibiis nigro-cinctis ; Fcem. capite fulvo-bivittato bi- 
 maculato et unifasciato. Long. 6-7; alar. 10-12 lin. 
 
 VOL. I. D 
 
18 STEATIOMID^:. 
 
 Black. Head clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Proboscis 
 dark brown. Antennae dark ferruginous, black at the base and to- 
 wards the tips. Thorax slightly chalybeous, very thickly clothed 
 with short tawny hairs ; hind border of the scutellum tawny, armed 
 with 2 tawny teeth. Wings white, slightly tawny at the base and 
 along the fore border ; veins tawny. Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen 
 with 3 more or less triangular tawny spots on each side; tip tawny., 
 underside pale green. Legs tawny. Male. Femora black, with tawny 
 tips; a black band round each tibia. Fern. Head with 2 curved 
 tawny stripes and 2 tawny spots on the crown, and with a tawny or 
 yellow band behind the eyes. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 9. tigrina, Fb.sp.i.ii. 417. 6(1781); Shr.; Gm.;Gf. ; Pz.fn. ! 
 viii. 20 ; Mg. ; LI. ; Mq. nigrita, Fin. ; Ztt. Cyaneo-nigra, antennis 
 nigris, alis albis basi et ad costam subfuscis, abdomine subtus viridi, 
 pedibus fulvis, femoribus nigris, tibiis nigro-cinctis, tarsis apice nigris. 
 Long. 3-i-4-| ; alar. 6-8 lin. 
 
 Bluish-black. Head clothed beneath with pale tawny hairs. Pro- 
 boscis dark brown. Antennae black. Thorax clothed with ferruginous 
 down. Scutellum armed with 2 tawny spines. Wings white, tinged 
 with brown at the base and along the fore border; veins brown. 
 Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen green beneath on the disc. Legs 
 tawny ; femora black ; a black band round each tibia ; tips of the tarsi 
 mostly black above. Male. Head clothed in front with black hairs. 
 Eyes hairy. Jem. Eyes bare. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 10. hydropota, Mg. zw. iii. 147. 16(1822); Mq.; Ztt. Nigra, 
 capite luteo, antennis ferrugineis aut nigris, scutello fulvo, abdominis late- 
 ribus ventreque viridibus, pedibus fulvis. Long. 4-4^; alar. 9-10 lin. 
 
 Head luteous, shining. Antennae ferruginous or black. Thorax 
 aeneous, covered with golden down. Scutellum and its spines tawny. 
 Wings whitish ; veins tawny. Halteres tawny, with apple-green knobs. 
 Abdomen green, with a very broad dorsal black stripe which is contracted 
 on the hind border of each segment. Legs tawny. 
 
 Rare. In tbe British Museum. (E.) 
 
 11. hydrodromia, Mg. zw. iii. 146. 15 (1822); Mq. Nigra, 
 alis limpidis ad costam fulvis, abdominis maculis 6 ventreque flavis, tibiis 
 piceis basi fulvis, tarsi fulvis apice piceis. Long. 4 ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Black, thickly clothed with tawny down. Wings colourless, tawny 
 along the fore border till near the tips ; veins and halteres tawny. Ab- 
 domen adorned on each side with three somewhat triangular yellow spots, 
 which successively decrease in size from the base ; underside yellow. Ti- 
 biae piceous, tawny towards the base ; tarsi tawny, with piceous tips. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 
 
OXYCERA. 19 
 
 12. hydroleon, L. s. n. ii. 980. 5 (1767); Dg. ; Fb. ; Shr.; 
 Gm. ; Gf. ; Pz. fh. ! viii. 21 ; Mg. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt.angulata, 
 Pz. fn. ! viii. 19 ; Mq. Nigra, antennis nigris basi fulvis, scutelli mar- 
 gine postico fulvo, alis limpidis, abdomine fulvo vitta dorsali nigra, pe- 
 dibus fulvis. Long. 5 ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Scapula in front of the head ferruginous ; sides of the peristoma 
 yellow. Mouth black. Antennae black ; first and second joints tawny. 
 Thorax clothed above with tawny hairs, beneath with white hairs; 
 spines and kind border of the scutellum tawny. Wings colourless ; veins, 
 alulae and halteres yellow. Abdomen tawny, with a broad black dorsal 
 stripe which is contracted towards the hind border of each segment, and 
 ends before the tip. Legs tawny. Male. Head black, clothed in front 
 with white hairs. Thorax black. Fern. Head luteous. Thorax asneous. 
 
 Yery rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 
 
 13. viridula, Fb. sp. i. ii. 418. 8 (1781); Shr. ; Gm. ; Pz. fn. ! 
 viii. 18; LI. ; Fin.; Mg.; Mq. ; Ztt. canina, Pz. ; fn. ! viii. 23. Mg. 
 marginata, Fb. dentata, Mg. Nigra, alis albis basi et ad costam sub- 
 fulvis, abdomine viridi nigro-vittato, pedibus fulvis. Long. 2^3 ; 
 alar. 56 lin. 
 
 Black, clothed with tawny hairs. Scutellum armed with 2 tawny 
 spines. Wings white, with a slight tawny tinge at the base and along 
 the fore border ; veins tawny. Halteres tawny, with green knobs. Ab- 
 domen green, with a black dorsal stripe which irregularly widens from 
 the base to the tip, and varies in breadth. Legs tawny. Male. Head 
 much larger than that of the female. Fern. Stripe of the abdomen 
 much broader than that of the male, sometimes occupying the whole 
 surface. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 14. subvittata, Mg. zw. ! iii. 150. 19. pi. 26. f. 15 (1822). 
 Nigra, alis albis basi et ad costam subfulvis, abdomine viridi nigro-ma- 
 culato, pedibus fulvis. Long. 3^ ; alar. 7 lin. 
 
 Black. Antennas black or ferruginous. Thorax clothed with tawny 
 hairs ; spines of the scutellum tawny. Wings white with a slight tawny 
 tinge at the base and along the fore border ; veins tawny. Halteres 
 tawny, with green knobs. Abdomen green, with a narrow, much inter- 
 rupted black stripe which is widened into two short bands towards the tip. 
 Legs tawny. 
 
 Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) 
 
 Genus IV. OXYCERA. 
 
 OXYCERA, Mg. zw. iii. (1822); Mq.; Ct.; Ztt.; Stg.; Lw. Musca p. 
 L.; Spl. ; Dnv. Stratiomys p., Fb. ; Gm. ; Prylsr. ; Pz. ; Fin. 
 
 D 2 
 
20 STRATIOMID.E. 
 
 Corpus minoris magnitudinis, oblongo-ovatum, tenuissime pubescens, 
 abdomine depresso, rotundato. Color niger ; pictura thoracis vitta- 
 tim, abdominisque fasciatim vel ad latera maculatim, flava vel viridi. 
 Antenna 8-articulatte, porrecta?; articuli tertio ad sextum flagel- 
 lum fusiforme fingentes ; septimus brevis ; octavus longus, stylatus. 
 Scutellum bispinosum. 
 Mas. Oculi conjunct!, pubescentes. 
 Fcem. Oculi remoti, nudi. 
 
 Body oblong, pubescent, small, black and yellow, or green and black. 
 Head semicircular. Ocelli 3. Proboscis withdrawn. Labrum 
 short, broad, hollow, emarginate at the tip. Palpi short, linear, mem- 
 branous, compressed, thickened, opake and pubescent at the tips. 
 Labium terminating in 2 hairy transversely striated lobes. Antenna 
 %-jointed, porrect, pubescent, somewhat shorter than the head, seated 
 on the middle of the face, approximate at the base ; the first and 
 second joints short, bristly, almost cylindrical ; third, fourth, fifth, and 
 sixth joints forming a fusiform flagellum ; seventh short, seated very 
 near the tip of the sixth ; eighth forming a long style. Thorax oval. 
 Scutellum armed witli two spines. Wings lanceolate, incumbent, pa- 
 rallel, very finely pubescent. Alulse very small. Halteres uncovered ; 
 club large. Abdomen with five segments, oval, somewhat convex, 
 broader than the thorax. Legs slender, of equal size ; tibias a little 
 thickened in the middle, forming a slight notch on the inside ; onychia 
 small. 
 
 Male. Eyes contiguous, hairy, red and composed of large facets above, 
 green and with small facets in front. 
 Fern. Eyes remote, bare. 
 
 These flies move slowly, and dwell on the leaves of trees and 
 on flowers. 
 
 1. rara, Spl. e. c. 333. 912 (1763). liypoleon>T&%. ; Dnv.; Stg. 
 pulckella, Mg. ; Mq. ; Stg. ; Lw. ! d. b. 14. 3. f. 5, 6. Nigra, scutello 
 flavo, alis limpidis, abdominis maculis quinque ventreque flavis, pedibus 
 
 Jlavisy femoribus nigris ; Mas. antennis fuscis, thorace flavo-bivittato ; 
 Fcem. antennis fulvis, thorace flavo-quadrivittato. Long. 2^ 2f ; alar. 
 5-6 lin. 
 
 Black. Head and thorax clothed with pale hairs. Proboscis tawny. 
 Thorax with a broad interrupted yellow stripe on each side ; scutellum 
 yellow. Wings colourless. Halteres very pale yellow. Abdomen 
 with 2 yellow converging rays on each side and a yellow spot at the 
 tip ; disc beneath yellow. Legs yellow ; femora and tips of the tarsi 
 black. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 2. Palleni, Stg. e. z. v. 410. 3 (1844) ; Lw. ! d. b. 13. 2. f. 3, 4. 
 hypoleon, Ztt. ; Dnv.? Gm. ? Nigro flavoque varia, pedibus flavis t fe- 
 moribus anticis basi nigris. Long. 2f ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
OXYCERA. 21 
 
 Black, varied with yellow. Legs yellow ; fore femora black at the 
 base. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 
 
 3. dives, Lw. 1 d. b. 15. 4. f. 7, 8 (1846). hypoleon, Shr. P Nigra, 
 capite flavo-quadrimaculato, thorace interrupte flavo-bivittato, scutello 
 flavo, alis subcinereis ad costam subfulvis, abdomine flavo-quinque- 
 maculato, pedibus nigris, tibiis basi apiceque fulvis, tarsis fuscis ; Mas. 
 thorace interrupte flavo-bivittato; Fcem. thorace flavo-quadrivittato. 
 Long. 2; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Blacjs:. Head and thorax clothed with pale hairs. Head with four 
 large yellow spots, one on each side of the crown, and one on each 
 side behind the eyes. Proboscis tawny. Antenna black. Thorax 
 with a much interrupted yellow stripe on each side ; scutellum yellow. 
 Wings pale grey, with a slight tawny tinge along the fore border. 
 Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen with 2 nearly round yellow spots on 
 each side and with a transverse yellow spot at the tip. Legs black ; 
 tibia tawny at the base and at the tips ; tarsi dark brown. Jem. Thorax 
 with 2 slightly interrupted yellow stripes in the disc. 
 
 Bare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 4. trilineata, L. s. n. ii. 980. 6 (1767) ; Fb. ; Shr. j Pz. ! fn. i. 
 13; Mg.; LI.; Pin.; Mq. ; Ztt. hypoleon v., L. Viridis, peristomate 
 nigro, antennis fulvis, thoracis disco nigro mridi-bivittato, metathorace 
 nigro, alis albis, abdominis disco nigro viridi-trimaculato lateribus 
 nigro-quinquemaculatis, pedibus fulvis. Long. 2^3 ; alar. 5-6 lin. 
 
 Green, clothed with short whitish hairs. Head yellowish-green ; 
 peristoma black. Eyes purple and green. Proboscis yellow. Antennae 
 tawny. Disc of the thorax black, with 2 green stripes. Metathorax 
 black. Wings white ; veins pale yellow. Halteres bright green. Disc 
 of the abdomen black, including 3 green spots, emitting 2 narrow black 
 bands on each side, and succeeded by a narrow black band near the tip. 
 Legs tawny. Male. Eyes above coppery, and composed of large facets. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.L) 
 
 6. pardalina, Mg. ! zw. iii. 128. 6. pi. 25. f. 30, 31 (1822); Ztt. 
 Nigra, antennis fulvis apice nigris, thoracis vittis maculisque duabus 
 scutelloque fiavis, alis limpidis ad costam subfulvis, abdomine flavo- 
 quinquemaculato, pedibus fulvis, tarsis anticis fuscis; Fcem. capite 
 flavo-bivittato et sex-maculato, thoracis disco flavo-bivittato. Long. 
 2-2| . alar. 4^-5 lin. 
 
 Black. Proboscis tawny. Antennae tawny, with black tips. TJiorax 
 with a yellow stripe on each side, and with a yellow spot near the base 
 of each wing ; scutellum yellow, armed with 2 tawny teeth. Wings 
 colourless, with a tawny tinge along the fore border ; veins tawny. 
 Halteres yellow. Abdomen with 2 pale yellow spots on each side and 
 one at the tip. Legs tawny ; coxae, fore tarsi, and tips of the other tarsi 
 
22 STRATIOMID.E. 
 
 brown. Male. Eyes hairy. Fern. Head with 2 yellow stripes in 
 front, with 4 yellow spots on the crown, and with a yellow spot on 
 each side behind the eyes. Thorax with 2 yellow stripes on the disc. 
 Not rare. (E.I.) 
 
 6. formosa, Wdn. ; Mg. zw. iii. 127. 6 (1822); Mq. Nigra, 
 thoracis lateribus interrupte flavo-vittatis, scutello flavo, alis limpi- 
 dis, abdominis apice pedibusque flavis ; Mas. abdominis maculis utrin- 
 que duabus connexis flavis ; Fcem. capitis vittis duabus fasciaque inter- 
 rupta flavis, abdominis maculis utrinque tribus connexis flavis, ventre 
 plerumque flavo. Long. 1-J-; alar. 3^ lin. 
 
 Black. Head and thorax clothed with short whitish hairs. Pro- 
 boscis yellow. Thorax with a broad interrupted yellow stripe on each 
 side ; scutellum yellow. Wings colourless ; veins pale buff. Halteres 
 yellow. Abdomen with a yellow spot at the tip. Legs yellow. Male. 
 Abdomen with two yellow connected spots on each side. Fern. Head 
 with a yellow stripe on each side of the crown, and with an interrupted 
 yellow band behind the eyes. Thorax with 2 slender yellow stripes 
 on the disc. Abdomen with 3 yellow connected spots on each side ; 
 underside mostly yellow. 
 
 Not rare. (E.I.) 
 
 7. muscaria, Fb. e. s. iv. 268. 21 (1794); Pz. ! Mg.; Mq. 
 pygmcea, Fin. ; Mg. ; Ztt. qffinis, Dale ; Ct. Nigra, tJiorace flavo-bivit- 
 tato, alis limpidis, abdomine jftavo-quinguemaculato, ventre plerumque 
 flavo, pedibus fulvis, tibiis posticis femoribusque nigris, tibiis anterio- 
 ribus nigro-cinctis, tarsis nigris posterioribus basi flavis ; Fcem. capitis 
 vittis duabus fasciaque interrupta flavis. Long. \\ ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Black. Head covered in front with silvery down. Proboscis yellow. 
 Thorax with a yellow stripe on each side. Scutellum yellow, sometimes 
 partly or wholly black. Wings colourless ; veins pale tawny. Halteres 
 pale yellow. Abdomen with 2 connected yellow spots on each side, and 
 1 at the tip ; underside mostly yellow. Legs tawny ; femora and hind 
 tibiae black ; a black band on each of the anterior tibias ; tarsi black ; 
 posterior tarsi yellow towards the base. Fern. Head with two yellow 
 stripes on the crown, and with a yellow interrupted band behind the eyes. 
 
 Not rare. (E.I.) 
 
 8. Morrisii, Ct. ! b. e.x. (1833). Nigra, thorace interrupte albido- 
 bivittato, scutelli apice ochraceo, abdomine flavo-quinquemaculato, pe- 
 dibus flavis, tibiis posticis femoribusque plerumque nigris, tarsis nigris 
 posterioribus basi albidis. Long. 2^- ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Black, shining, thickly and minutely punctured, covered with very 
 short grey down. Proboscis ochreous. Thorax with a whitish stripe on 
 each side, forming a minute spot in front, a larger spot before the base of 
 each wing> and a third spot behind it. Hind border and spines of the 
 scutellum ochreous. Wings colourless ; stigma yellowish-brown ; veins 
 brown along the costa. Halteres white. Abdomen with an oblique 
 
CLITELLARIA. 23 
 
 yellow spot on each side of the third and fourth segments, and with a 
 triangular yellow spot at the tip. Legs yellow ; femora black, yellow 
 at each end ; hind tibiae black, yellow at the base ; tarsi black ; pos- 
 terior tarsi whitish at the base. 
 
 Eare. (E. I.) In Mr. Curtis's and Mr. Dale's collections. 
 
 9. terminata, Mgrle.; Mg. zw. iii. 130. 9 (1822). Nigra, tho- 
 race flavo-bivittato, scutello flavo, alis limpidis, abdominis vittis duabus 
 posterioribusjlavis, tarsis posticis basi femoribusque fulvis j Fcem. capite 
 vittis 2 maculisque 4 flavis. Long. 2^- ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Black. Head and thorax clothed with a few short whitish hairs. 
 Proboscis tawny. Thorax with a yellow curved stripe on each side ; 
 scutellum yellow. Wings colourless; veins tawny. Halteres pale 
 yellow. Abdomen with a narrow yellow border from tJie middle to the 
 tip. Femora tawny ; hind tarsi tawny towards the base. Fern. Head 
 with a short yellow stripe on each side of the antennas, and with 4 
 yellow spots behind the eyes. 
 
 Eare. In Mr. Curtis's collection. (E.) 
 
 10. analis, Mgrle.; Mg. zw. iii. 130. 10 (1822). Nigra, Horace 
 ad alas fulvo, alis subcinereis fusco unimaculatis, abdominis apice Jlavo, 
 pedibus flavis, tibiis posticis femoribusque nigris. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Black. Head and thorax thickly clothed with short hoary hairs. 
 Eyes hairy. Proboscis tawny. Thorax dark tawny at the base of each 
 wing ; spines of the scutellum yellow. Wings very slightly tinged with 
 grey / a brown spot on each beneath the stigma ; veins tawny. Halteres 
 yellow. Abdomen with a yellow tip. Legs yellow ; femora and hind 
 tibia? black ; tarsi tawny towards the tips. 
 
 Eare. In Mr. Curtis's collections. (E.) 
 
 11. longicornis, (Hal. MSS.) Atra, nitens, antennis capite longio- 
 ribus ; thoracis vittis duabus lateralibus scutelloque flavis, alis limpidis, 
 pedibus piceis, tibiis basi femoribusque fulvis. Long. 1 ; alar. 3-|- lin. 
 
 Black, shining. Antenna? longer than the head. Thorax with a 
 yellow stripe on each side ; scutellum yellow. Wings colourless. Hal- 
 teres yellow. Legs tawny ; tibia? and tarsi piceous, the former tawny 
 towards the base. 
 
 Eare ; inhabits Dorsetshire. In Mr. Dale's collection. (E.) 
 
 Genus V. CLITELLARIA. 
 
 CLITELLARIA, Mg. zw. iii. 119 (1822). Muscap., Sch.; Hbst.; Shr.; 
 Gm. ; Gf. Stratiomys p., Fb. ; Shr. ; Pz. Ephippium, LI. ; Mq. 
 
 Corpus oblongo-ovatum. Antennae 9-articulata? ; articuli primus et se- 
 cundus a?quales; tertius et sequentes ad septimum flagellum obclavatum 
 
24 STRATIOMID^l. 
 
 fingentes; octavus brevis ; nonus stylatus. Alarum venae longitu- 
 
 dinale% usque ad alse marginem summum descendentes. 
 Mas. Oculi approximati. 
 Foem. Oculi remoti. 
 
 Body nearly oval, generally rather large, mostly black. Head almost 
 semicircular. Proboscis withdrawn. Labrum short, flat. Palpi tri- 
 articulate, clavate, hairy. Labium short, thick, cylindrical. Antenna 
 9 ] -jointed, porrect, almost as long as the head, approximate at the 
 base, diverging upwards ; first and second joints bristly ; first short, 
 almost cylindrical, somewhat thicker at the tip ; second cyathiform, 
 as long as the first ; third and following a long obclavate flagellum ; 
 eighth short; ninth long, stylate. Thorax almost oval; scutellum 
 semicircular, armed with spines. Wings lanceolate, incumbent, parallel, 
 finely pubescent. Alula3 very small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen 
 oval, with five segments, stightly convex. 
 
 Male. Eyes contiguous. 
 
 Fern. Eyes remote. 
 
 These flies are rare ; they dwell on tbe trunks of trees ; their 
 larvae live on decayed wood. 
 
 1. ephippium, Fb. sp. i. 417. 2 (1781); Sch. ; Hbst. ; Shr.; Gm. ; 
 Gfr.; Pz. ! fn. viii. 23; Mg. Inda, Shr. thoracicum, LI. ; Mq. Atra, 
 thoracis disco ferrugineo-hirto, alis nigricantibus, halteribus flavis. 
 Long. 5f; alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Deep black. Body clothed with short black hairs. Head clothed 
 above with dull tawny hairs. Thorax thickly clothed with bright fer- 
 ruginous hairs. Wings blackish, palest along the hind borders. Hal- 
 teres bright yellow. 
 
 Very rare ; has been found in Coombe wood, Surrey, and in 
 Darenth wood, Kent. In the British Museum, and in Mr. Des- 
 vignes's collection. (E.) 
 
 Genus VI. NEMOTEI.US. 
 
 NEMOTELUS, Gfr. ins. ii. (1784); Fb.; Mg.; Pz.; LI.; Fin ; Mq. ; 
 Ct. ; Ztt. Musca p., L. ; Gm. Stratiomys p., Fb.; Shr. 
 
 Corpus oblongum, minoris magnitudinis, tenuiter pubescens, nitidum. 
 
 Color niger ; pictura albo fasciata vel punctata. Epistoma porrectum, 
 
 conicum. Oculi nudi. Antenna 8 -articulate, porrectaB; articuli 
 
 tertius et sequentes flagellum fusiforme fingentes ; septimus brevis ; 
 
 octavus stylatus. Scutellum inerme. Alarum areola discoidalis venas 
 
 4 emit tens, fere in marginem interiorem summum descendentes. 
 
 Body shining, oblong, rather small, finely pubescent. Colour black, 
 
 often with white bands or spots. Head as broad as the thorax or nearly 
 
 so. Epistoma porrect, conical. Eyes bare. Proboscis withdrawn. 
 
NEMOTELUS. 25 
 
 Labrum horny, stout, small, hollow, acute. Labium long, slender, 
 geniculated near the base, terminating in 2 very long lobes with mem- 
 branaceous and slightly bristly edges. Antennae 8 -jointed, porrect, con- 
 tiguous, seated close to the tip of the epistoma, diverging, shorter than 
 the head, clothed with very short hairs ; first and second joints bristly, 
 cylindrical or somewhat clavate ; second longer than the first ; third 
 and following joints forming a fusiform flagellum; seventh short; 
 eighth stylate. Thorax almost quadrangular, very slightly convex. 
 Scutellum semicircular, unarmed. Wings lanceolate, incumbent, parallel, 
 not pubescent. Alulae small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen with 
 5 segments, short, elliptical, flat or but slightly convex, incurved at 
 the tip, broader than the thorax. Legs slender ; ungues short and stout. 
 
 Male. Eyes approximate, red and composed of large facets above, 
 green and of small facets in front. 
 
 Fern. Eyes remote, of small facets. Epistoma longer than that of 
 the male. 
 
 These flies are slow in their movements ; they inhabit flowers 
 or rushes and grasses oil marshy ground during the spring and 
 the summer. 
 
 1. uliginosus, L. s. n. 11. 982.22(1767); Fb.j Mg.; Fin.; 
 Mq. ; Ztt. muticw t T?b. bifasciatus, Mg. ; Ztt. Niger, ihoraee albo- 
 bivittato, alis albis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis posticis femoribusque nigris ; 
 Mas. capite flavo unimaculato, abdomine albo ad apicem nigro-bi- 
 fasciato subtus nigro-marginato ; Fcem. abdomine albo-marginato maculis 
 albis vittato. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Black ; a white irregular stripe along each side of the thorax. Wings 
 white ; veins pale tawny. Halteres yellow. Legs tawny ; femora black, 
 with tawny tips ; hind tibiae black, tawny at the base and at the tips. 
 Male. Head with a triangular yellow spot above the antennae. Abdo- 
 men white ; 2 black bands near the tip ; underside, excepting the disc, 
 black. Fern. Abdomen black above ; border white ; a row of white 
 spots along the back ; sometimes a row of short white bands along each 
 side. 
 
 Generally distributed. Common in salt marshes by the sea- 
 shore. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. pantherinus, L. fn. 1783 (1761); Gm. ; Mg. ! zw. iii. 115. 2. pi. 
 25. f. 20; Mq. ; Ztt. marginatns, Fb. ; Pz. ! LL ; Fin. uliginosus, 
 Mg. ; LI. ; Pz. ! muticus, Shr. marginellus, Gm. ; Fin. Niger, alis 
 albis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis posticis femoribusque nigris; Mas. ca- 
 pite flavo-unimaculato, abdomine albo ad apicem nigro-maculato subtus 
 nigro-marginato ; Fcem. abdomine supra nigro albo-marginato maculis 
 albis vittato. Long. If ; alar. 3^- lin. 
 
 Very nearly allied to N. uliginosus. Black. Wings white ; veins pale 
 tawny. Halteres yellow. Legs tawny ; thighs black, with tawny tips ; 
 hind tibiae black, tawny at the base and at the tips. Male. Head with 
 
 VOL. I. E 
 
26 STRATIOMID^E. 
 
 a triangular yellow spot above the antennae. Abdomen white, with a 
 black spot near the tip-, underside black, excepting the disc. Fern. 
 Abdomen black above ; border white ; a row of white spots along the 
 back, and sometimes a row of short white bands along each side. 
 Not very common. 
 
 3. brevirostris, Mgrle.; Mg. zw. iii. 117. 6 (1822); Mq. Cy- 
 aneo-niger, antennis nigris, thorace albo-bivittato, alis albis, abdomine 
 maculis fulvis trivittato, pedibus fulvis, femoribus nigris, tibiis nigro- 
 cinctis. Long. %\ ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Bluish-black. Proboscis and antenna black. Thorax with a white 
 irregular stripe along each side. Wings white ; veins pale tawny. 
 Halteres yellow. Abdomen with 3 rows of tawny spots, which are con- 
 nected along each side. Legs tawny ; femora black, with tawny tips ; 
 a black band on each hind tibia. 
 
 Bare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 4. nigrixms, Fin. str. 6. 3 (1814) ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ct. ! b. e. 729 ; 
 Ztt. nigritus, Pz. ! fh. cvii. 17. Niger, alis albis, tibiis tarsisque 
 basi fulvis. Long. \\ ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Black. Wings white ; veins pale tawny. Halteres yellow. Tibiae 
 and tarsi tawny towards the base. 
 
 Generally distributed, but not common. (E. I.) 
 
 Genus VII. PACHYGASTER. 
 
 PACHYGASTER, Mg. kl. i. 146 (1804) ; Mq. ; Ct.; Duf.; Ztt. Fappo, 
 LI. ; Fb. Nemotelus p., Pz. Sargus p., Fin. 
 
 Corpus parvum, ovatum, glabriusculum, punctulatum. Color niger, 
 absque pictura. Epistoma decline. Antennas 7-articulatae, clavatae ; 
 articuh' tertius et sequentes flagellum globosum fingentes ; octavus 
 setiformis, subterminah's. Scutellum inerme. Alarum areola dis- 
 coidalis venas 3 obsoletissimas fere usque in marginem interiorem 
 descendentes emittens. 
 
 Body small, oval, wholly black, shining, almost bare. Epistoma 
 perpendicular. Eyes dark green. Proboscis withdrawn, shorter than 
 the head. Labrum small, robust, cylindrical, hollow beneath, dilated 
 at the base, obtuse and notched at the tip. Tongue acute, attenuated 
 from the base, half the length of the labrum. Maxillae filiform, long, 
 slender, acute, as long as the labrum. Palpi very minute, oblong, 
 cylindrical, subclavate, slightly pilose, diverging. Labium large, oval. 
 Antenna %- jointed, hairy, porrect, approximate at the base, seated 
 rather low on the head, not far from the peristoma, diverging upwards ; 
 first and second joints very short ; first almost cylindrical ; second cya- 
 
CHRYSOMYIA. 27 
 
 thiform, broader than the first; third and following much broader 
 than the second, forming a globose somewhat compressed flagellum ; 
 seventh extremely minute ; eighth setiform, rather hairy at the base, 
 seated near the tip of the flagellum. Thorax obovate, rather long, 
 with a transverse suture. Scutellum unarmed. Wings long, lanceolate, 
 finely pubescent, incumbent, parallel ; veins indistinct. Alulae small. 
 Halteres large, ovate. Abdomen with 5 segments, large, nearly glo- 
 bular, bare, convex above, flat beneath, broader than the thorax. 
 Legs slender. Male. Eyes contiguous. Fern. Eyes remote. Ocelli 
 more in front of the head than those of the male. 
 
 These flies move slowly, and inhabit flowers, hedges, and 
 thickets, in the summer ; their larvae feed on decayed wood ; one 
 species on that of the elm, 
 
 1. ater, Fb. s. a. 254. 1 (1805); LI. ; Pz. ! fn. iv. 5; Mg. ; 
 
 Mq. ; Ztt. -pacJiyg aster, Fin. Niger, alls albidis basi nigris, pedibus 
 flavis, femoribus nigris ; Mas. antenriis nigris ; Fcem. antennis fulvis. 
 Long. 1-| ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Black, shining. Proboscis tawny. Wings whitish, tinged with black 
 for half the length from the base ; veins pale yellow. Halteres dark 
 brown. Legs yellow; femora black. Male. Antennae black. Jem. 
 Antennae tawny. 
 
 Eare. (E.) 
 
 2. Leachii, Ct. ! b. e. 1. 42 (ISZty.pallipennis, Mq.; Ztt. Ni- 
 ger, antennis fulvis, alls albis, pedibus flavis, tibiis posticis apice fusco- 
 maculatis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Black, shining. Proboscis and antenna tawny. Wings white ; veins 
 and halteres pale yellow. Legs yellow ; a brown spot near the tip of 
 each hind tibia. 
 
 Eare. (E.I.) 
 
 Genus VIII. CHRYSOMYIA. 
 
 CHRYSOMYIA, Mq. d. 1. 262 (1834) ; Ztt. Musca p., Fb. ; Shr. Ne- 
 motelus p., Deg. Rhagio p., Shr. Sargus p., Fb. ; Mg. ; Fin. ; Ct. 
 Chloromyia, Den. 
 
 Corpus mediae aut minoris magnitudinis, oblongum, parum pubescens. 
 Color metallicus, aureo-viridis. Pictura nulla. Epistoma declive. 
 Ocelli in vertice approximati. Antennae 6-articulatse ; articuli tertius 
 et sequentes flagellum ellipticum fingentes ; sextus setiformis, termi- 
 nalis. Scutellum inerme. Alarum areola discoidalis venas 4 obso- 
 letas emittens, vix in summum marginem interiorem extensas. Ab- 
 domen ovale. Mas. Oculi contigui. Fcem. Oculi remoti. 
 
28 STRATIOMID^E. 
 
 Body of middle or small size, oblong, smooth, shining, slightly 
 pubescent, wholly metallic, bluish or golden green. Head semicircular, 
 sometimes rather depressed in front. Epistoma perpendicular. Eyes 
 large, green, often with purple bands. Ocelli 3, close together on the 
 crown. Proboscis concealed. Labruin very short, flat, hollow, rounded 
 and emarginate at the tip. Palpi 3-jointed, diverging ; first and second 
 joints cylindrical, short; second thicker and shorter than the first; 
 third oval, pubescent. Labium large, cylindrical, short. Antennae 
 6 -jointed, porrect, short, pilose, seated on the middle of the head in 
 front, approximate at the base, inclined upwards, diverging towards 
 the tips; first joint almost cylindrical; second cyathiform, bristly, 
 somewhat compressed, thicker than the first ; third and three following 
 forming an elliptical flagellum; sixth setiform, seated on the tip of 
 the fifth. Thorax oval, pubescent; scutellum semicircular, unarmed. 
 Wings lanceolate, pubescent, incumbent, parallel. Alulae none. Hal- 
 teres uncovered. Abdomen with 5 segments, flat, rather short and 
 broad. Legs slender ; metatarsus almost as long as the other 4 joints. 
 
 Male. Eyes contiguous. 
 
 Fern. Eyes remote. 
 
 The Chrysomyia are sluggish ; inhabit flowers and the leaves 
 of trees ; the larvae of tbe second division feed on decaying vege- 
 table matter, and the flies are not uncommon about hot-beds. 
 
 a. Body of middle size. Eyes hairy in both sexes. Species 1. 
 
 a a. Body small. Eyes bare in both sexes. Abdomen nearly round. 
 Male. Eyes reddish-cupreous and composed of large facets above, 
 aeneous and with small facets in front. Fern. Eyes wholly aeneous 
 and composed of small facets. Species 2-4. 
 
 1. formosa, Shr. ia. 899 (1781); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. cupraria, 
 Spl. ? (1763). jlavo-geniculata,T)g. aurata, Fb. ; Mg. xanthoptera, 
 Mg. ; Fb. ; Latr. ; Fin. Cyaneo-viridis, capite antennisque nigris, alis 
 fulvis, pedibus nigris, femoribus apice tibiisque basi fulvis. Long. 3-4 ; 
 alar. 6-8 lin. 
 
 Head black. Eyes golden-green ; upper part purple, between which 
 colour and the green there is a narrow blue ani purple band. Pro- 
 boscis and antennae black. Thorax bright bluish-green. Wings 
 tawny; veins darker. Halteres luteous. Legs black; tips of the 
 femora and tibiae towards the base tawny. Male. Body thickly clothed 
 with tawny hairs. Eyes thickly clothed with short black hairs. Ab- 
 domen golden-green, dark green beneath. Fern. Less hairy than the 
 male. Abdomen purple, blue along each side; rarely bluish-green, 
 aeneous-green along each side. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. polita, L. s. n. ii. 894. 93 (1767); Fb. ; Mg. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. 
 aurata, Beg. splendens, Mg. cyanea, Fb. ,/Eneo-viridis vel cyaneo- 
 
CHilYSOMYIA. 29 
 
 viridis, antennis nigris, alis limpidis, pedibus nigris, genubus tarsisque 
 fulvis, tibiis tarsisque anticis subfuscis ; Mas. proboscide fulvo ; Fcem. 
 proboscide fusco. Long, l-2 ; alar. 4-4 lin. 
 
 Body bright coppery-green or bluish-green, clothed with very short 
 whitish hairs. Eyes green, here and there reddish-purple. Antenna 
 black. Wings colourless, sometimes pale brown along the fore border ; 
 veins pale brown. Halteres yellow or tawny. Abdomen sometimes 
 purple. Legs black ; knees and tarsi tawny ; fore tibia tawny ; fore tarsi 
 pale brown. Male. Proboscis tawny. Fern. Proboscis brown. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 3. pallipes, Mg. zw. vi. 311. 31 (1830); Ztt.politus var., Mn. 
 Viridis, antennis fuscis basi fulvis, thoracis lateribus flavo-vittatis, alis 
 limpidis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus posterioribus nigris, tibiis posticis apice 
 fuscis. Long. 1^-lf ; alar. 3^-4 lin. 
 
 Bright green, sometimes coppery or bluish-green. Proboscis tawny. 
 Ardennes brown ; first and second joints tawny. Thorax with a yellow 
 stripe along each side. Wings colourless; veins pale tawny. Hal- 
 teres yellow or tawny. Legs tawny ; posterior femora mostly black or 
 greenish-black ; hind tibiae brown towards the tips. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 4. flavicornis, Mg. zw. iii. 112. 10 (1822); Mq. -polita v., Ztt. 
 pallipes v., Ztt. Viridis, antennis fulvis, thoracis lateribus flavo-vittatis, 
 alis limpidis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus posterioribus nigris, tibiis posticis 
 apice fusco- cinctis. Long. 1 J-l ; alar. 3-3^ lin. 
 
 Bright green or bluish-green. Proboscis and antennae tawny. 
 Thorax with a yellow stripe along each side. Wings colourless, some- 
 times pale tawny along the fore border ; vein pale tawny. Halteres 
 yellow or tawny. Abdomen sometimes bright cupreous or cupreous- 
 black. Legs tawny ; posterior femora more or less black ; hind tibia 
 most frequently with a brown band near each tip. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 5. cyaneiyentris, Ztt. d. s. i. 156. 4 (1842). Aureo-viridis, 
 antennis halteribus pedibusque flavis, abdomine violaceo, femoribus pos- 
 terioribus late nigro-cinctis ; Fcem. fronte violacea. Long. 1 ; alar. 
 3 lin. 
 
 Golden-green. Antenna? and halteres yellow. Abdomen violet. 
 Legs yellow ; a broad black band on each of the posterior femora. 
 Fern. Front violet. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 
 
. : ; _; 
 
 Z~ 1 
 
32 XYLOPHAGID.E. 
 
 white spot on each side above the antennae. Eyes without bands. 
 Proboscis tawny. Antenna black. Wings brownish-grey ; stigina 
 darker ; veins black. Halteres tawny. Male. Body clothed with pale 
 tawny hairs. Abdomen cupreous towards the tip. Legs black ; tibia 
 and hinder tarsi tawny towards the base. Fern. Body clothed with 
 whitish hairs. Head black ; a purple ridge on the crown. Abdomen 
 cupreous, purple towards the tip, which is tinged with blue. Legs 
 tawny ; a black band on each femur ; tips of the tarsi blaok. 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 5. bipunctata, Spl. i. c. 341. 916 (\lW).Reaumuri, Fb. ; Mg.; 
 Mq.; Ct. ! b. e. 305 ; Ztt. Antennis nigris, alis cinereo-fulvis, pedibus 
 fulvis ; Mas. cyaneo-viridis, thorace cupreo-quadrivittato, abdomine 
 seneo ; Foem. viridis vel cupreo-viridis, abdomine purpureo-cyaneo basi 
 rufo-fiilvo. Long. 4-6 ; alar. 9-13 lin. 
 
 Head with a shining white spot on each side above the antennae. Eyes 
 bronzed. Proboscis tawny. Antennae black. Wings pale greyish 
 tawny ; stigma pale brown ; veins black, tawny at the base. Halteres 
 tawny. Legs tawny ; tips of the tarsi brown. Male. Body clothed 
 with tawny hairs. Head bright bluish-green, clothed in front with 
 black hairs. Thorax bright green, with 4 cupreous stripes ; hind part 
 bluish-green. Abdomen aeneous. Fern. Head clothed in front with 
 tawny hairs. Thorax bright green or cupreous-green. Abdomen blue, 
 with a purple stripe ; first and second segments reddish-tawny, with 
 a purple stripe. 
 
 Local. (E.S.I.) 
 
 FAMILY II. X YLOPHAGID^l. 
 
 XYLO?HAGII p., Mg. zw. ii. 1 (1820); LL; Fin.; Ztt. Stratio- 
 mydee p., Lm. Xylophagidce p. et Xylophaga p., Bms. Xylopha- 
 gites p., Nwm. Stratiomince p., Rdn. Xylophagei p., Ags. 
 
 Corpus medium, angustum. Ocelli 3. Proboscis retracta, setis quatuor. 
 Antennae IQ-articulata, porrecta3, basi approximates, apice acuta3 ; 
 articuli tertio ad decimum subaequales, flagellum cylindricum fingentes 
 stylo terminali nullo. Scutellum muticum. Alee incumbentes. Ab- 
 domen segmentis 7. Pedes simplices, nudi. 
 Mas. Oculi cohaerentes, aut approximati. 
 Fcem. Oculi remoti. Segmenta analia vaginata. 
 
 Body of middle size or rather small, narrow, cylindrical. Ocelli 3. 
 Proboscis withdrawn. Antennae 10-jointed, inserted in the middle 
 of the face, porrect, approximate at the base, with acute tips ; joints 
 from the third to the tenth compact, nearly equal, forming a cylin- 
 drical flagellum without a terminal style. Scutellum unarmed. Wings 
 
XYLOPHAGUS. 33 
 
 incumbent, parallel. Alulae small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen 
 with 7 segments. Legs simple, bare. 
 
 Male. Eyes almost contiguous. 
 
 Fern. Eyes remote. Anal segments tubular. 
 
 The species are few, and of rare occurrence. The larvae live 
 in decayed wood. The flies appear in the summer, and rest on 
 the trunks of trees, and are sluggish except in fine calm weather. 
 
 f longer than the second : Palpi clavate . . . . 1. XYLOPHAGUS. 
 First joint of J 
 the Antennae j 
 
 |_as long as the second : Palpi cylindrical ... 2. SUBULA. 
 
 Genus I. XYLOPHAGUS. 
 
 XYLOPHAGUS, Mq. i. 229 (1834). Atilm p., Sib. Empis p., Pz. 
 Rhagio p., Pz. Xylophagus p., Mg. ; Fb. ; LI. ; Ztt. 
 
 Palpi biarticulati, clavati. Antennas subfiliformes ; articulus primus 
 secundo longior. Alarum venas 4 longitudinales, prater areolam 
 analem acutam in marginem interiorem alee descendentes. Tibiae 
 apice spinosaa. 
 
 Body narrow, cylindrical, thinly clothed with short hairs. Colour 
 black, often partly red or yellow. Head depressed. Eyes prominent. 
 Labrum short, thick, with an obtuse tip, shorter than the labium. 
 Palpi biarticulate, clavate, longer than the labium, curved upward; 
 first joint very small ; second large, oval, pubescent. Labium short, 
 cylindrical. Antennas subfiliform, 10-jointed, porrect, approximate, 
 diverging; first joint longer than the second, cylindrical; second 
 cyathiform, short ; third and following joints forming a long almost 
 cylindrical flagellum. Scutellum semicircular. Alulas entire, very 
 small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen rather long. Tibias armed 
 with spines at the tips. 
 
 Male. Abdomen cylindrical. 
 
 Fern. Abdomen obconical, with a tubular-jointed oviduct. 
 
 1. ater, Fb. s. a. 64. 1 (1805); Mg. ; Mq. ; Zit.subulata, Pz. ! 
 fn. L. iv. 23. Niger, thorace cinereo-trivittato, alis fusco-fasciatis, 
 pedibus fulvis, femoribus posticis apice tibiis tarsisque fuscis. Long, 
 lin. 6 ; alar. 10 lin. 
 
 Black, shining. First joint of the palpi yellow. Antennas a little 
 shorter than the thorax. Thorax with three grey stripes. An indis- 
 tinct brown band across each wing. Halteres yellow. Legs tawny ; 
 hind tibiae, hind tarsi, and tips of the hind femora brown. 
 
 Very rare. In Mr. E. Brown's collection. (E.) 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
34 XYLOPHAGID^E. 
 
 Genus II. SUBULA. 
 
 SUBULA, Mgrle. ; Mg. zw. 12. 15 (1820) ; Mq. Nemotelus p., Dg. 
 Xylophagus p., Mg. ; Fb. ; LI. ; Ztt. 
 
 Corpus angustum. Color niger ; pictura saepe rufa vel flava. Palpi 
 
 biarticulati ; articulus secundus longus, cylindricus. Antennae subfili- 
 
 formes ; articuli primus et secundus aquales ; flagellum longum, sub- 
 
 cylindricum. Alse areola analis clausa, retracta. 
 
 Body narrow, cylindrical, thinly clothed with short hairs. Colour 
 
 black, often partly red or yellow. Labrum short, thick, with an obtuse 
 
 tip, snorter than the labium. Palpi biarticulate, longer than the labium, 
 
 curved upward ; first joint slender ; second long, cylindrical, as if annu- 
 
 lated. Labium short, cylindrical. Antennae porrect, approximate at the 
 
 base, diverging ; first and second joints of equal length ; second cyathi- 
 
 form ; third and following forming an almost cylindrical flagellum. Scu- 
 
 tellum semicircular. Wings finely pubescent. Alulae entire, very small. 
 
 Halteres uncovered. Abdomen rather long. Tibiae armed with spurs. 
 
 Male. Eyes approximate, but not contiguous. Abdomen cylindrical. 
 
 Fern. Eyes remote. Abdomen obconical, with a tubular-jointed 
 
 oviduct. 
 
 1. maculata, Fb. s. a. 65. 3 (1805); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt.; Steph. ! 
 b. e. pi. 46. fig. 3. Nigra, antennis ferrugineis basi piceis, thoracis 
 lateribus flavo-vittatis et quadrimaculatis, scutello flavo, ah's sublimpidis, 
 abdominis basi maculis duabus et segmentorum marginibus posticis 
 flavis, pedibus Jlavis nigro-cinctis. Long. 4^; alar. 10 lin. 
 
 Cylindrical, black, shining. Head clothed above with tawny down, 
 and in front with hoary down ; a scapula above the antennae. Eyes large, 
 prominent. Mouth luteous. Antenna ferruginous ; first joint pitchy. 
 Thorax with two yellow spots on each side ; the second pair forming 
 an interrupted band ; a yellow scapula on each shoulder, forming a 
 ridge, which widens towards the base of the wing; a yellow spot 
 beneath the latter on each side. Scutellum yellow. Wings almost 
 colourless. Halteres luteous. Abdomen with the hind borders of the 
 segments and a large spot on each side of the base yellow. Legs yellow ; 
 tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the tarsi, and the whole of 
 the fore tarsi, black ; metatarsus very long. This species resembles 
 the Ctenophorce in colour, and the Xylophagidce seem to connect the 
 Brachycera with the Nemocera. 
 
 Very rare; inhabits the New Forest, Hampshire. In Mr. 
 Stephens's collection. (E.) 
 
 2. varia, Mgrle. ; Mg. zw. ii. 14. 5 (1820) ; Mq. Nigra, tho- 
 racis lateribus scutelloque fulvis, ah's subcinereis, ventris segmentorum 
 marginibus posticis pedibusque fulvis. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6-8 lin. 
 
 Black. Body slender, thinly clothed with tawny hairs. Antennae 
 slender, much more than half the length of the thorax. Thorax with 
 
TABANUS. 35 
 
 a tawny scapula along each side, widening from the shoulder to the 
 base of the wing. Scutellum tawny. Wings pale grey. Halteres 
 luteous. Hind borders of the abdominal segments tawny beneath. 
 Legs tawny. 
 
 Very rare. In the British Museum. The larva feeds on the 
 wood of the oak. (E.) 
 
 FAMILY III. TABANIDJB. 
 
 , Lch. ; Ct. ; Wtw. Tabanii, LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; 
 Ags. Tabanii p., LI. h. n. ; Lm. Anthracina p., Rfnq. Sclerostoma 
 p., Dmr. Tabanica, Brm. Tabinites, Nwm. Tabanina, Rdn. 
 
 Os maris setis 4, feminae setis 6, armatum. Antenna porrectae, 
 
 approximates ; tertius et sequentes flagellum compact um fingentes. 
 
 Ala3 incumbentes, deflexae. 
 
 Structure robust, much developed. Body rather broad, of large or 
 middle size. Head semicircular, generally somewhat depressed. Eyes 
 large, generally golden-green, of various shades, often with purple or 
 brown bands. Mouth projecting. Palpi porrect, inserted at the base 
 of the maxillae. Antennae porrect, inserted in front of the face, 
 approximate at the base, with 6, 8, or 10 joints ; third and following 
 joints forming a compact flagellum, whose tip is not setiform. Wings 
 incumbent, deflexed. Alulae large, half-covering the halteres. Abdo- 
 men with seven segments. Legs stout ; hind legs longer than the 
 anterior ; tips of middle tibiae armed with two spines. 
 
 Male. Eyes contiguous. Mouth without mandibles. Palpi hori- 
 zontal, with obtuse tips. Abdomen obconical, much narrower towards 
 the tip. 
 
 Fern. Eyes remote. Mouth armed with mandibles. Palpi de- 
 flexed, acute. Abdomen broad, depressed, hardly narrower towards 
 the tip. 
 
 These flies appear in summer, chiefly abound in woods, and 
 are most frequent in the hottest weather. Their flight is power- 
 ful ; the males frequent flowers ; the females with their sharp 
 mouths pierce the skins and feed on the blood of quadrupeds. 
 The larva is apod, long, cylindrical, grey, with twelve seg- 
 ments ; it lives in the earth, and feeds on decaying vegetable 
 and animal matter. 
 
 r7-jointed 1. TABANUS. 
 
 , none : Antennae < 
 o ,,.1 l-6-jointed 2. H^MATOPOTA. 
 
 * three . . 3. CHRYSOPS. 
 
TABANID.E. 
 
 Genus I. TABANUS. 
 
 TABANUS, Fin. d. s. (1817) ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Ct. ; Zll. Tabanm p., 
 L.; Fb.; LI.; Wd. 
 
 Corpus magnum, oblougum, pubescens. Color niger, pubescentise 
 cinerascens aut subflavescens, raro obscurus. Ocelli nulli. Palpi 
 maris capitati, foeminae subulati. Antenna 7 -articulates, subretusas : 
 articulus primus cylindricus, subclavatus, apice truncatus ; secundus 
 cyathiformis ; tertius compressus, supra excisus. Alee divarfaatce ; 
 areola analis retracta. 
 
 Body of large size, generally black-brown or tawny, pubescent. 
 Head semicircular. No ocelli. Mouth porrect, as long as the head. 
 Labrum small, long, slender, lanceolate, linear on each side. Lingua 
 small, thin, channelled, pointed. Maxillae long, slender, acute. 
 Palpi hairy, biarticulate, curved inward ; first joint short, somewhat 
 clavate. Labium large, thick, cylindrical, hairy. Antennae 1-jointed, 
 not longer than the head : first and second joints bristly ; second shorter 
 than the first ; third notched or forked above ; flagellum long, com- 
 pressed, curved upward ; fourth joint longer than the following, which 
 are small and cylindrical ; seventh pointed. Thorax large, subqua- 
 drate, slightly rounded on each side, somewhat convex, and generally 
 striped above, having before the base of each wing a slight swelling 
 or indentation, from whence a deep transverse line extends to the 
 middle of the disc, and then ceases ; a crooked fold on each side 
 before the scutum, and in the middle a like one, which encloses a 
 small part of the thorax. Wings lanceolate, finely pubescent, diverging ; 
 anal areolet closed far from the border. Tarsi short. 
 
 Male. Upper region of the eyes composed of large facets. Second 
 joint of the palpi short, capitate. 
 
 Fern. Mandibles horny, flat, knife-shaped, pointed, seated on the 
 under base of the labium, by which they are covered. Second joint 
 of the palpi long, attenuated. 
 
 These flies frequent woods during the summer ; they are com- 
 paratively scarce in England, but very abundant in warm countries. 
 Their flight is accompanied by a humming, which varies in dif- 
 ferent species. Those with hairy eyes appear to be chiefly northern. 
 The fork of the vein between the cubital and submarginal areolets 
 is a constant character of the two last and somewhat aberrant 
 species, and it occasionally, but rarely, occurs as an irregularity 
 in the structure of some of the preceding kinds. The genus 
 may be divided as follows : 
 
 a. Vein between the cubital areolet and the submarginal areolet simple. 
 b. Eyes bare. 
 
 c. Abdomen with one stripe. Species 1. 
 
TABANUS. 37 
 
 c c. Abdomen with three stripes. Species 2-7. 
 b b. Eyes hairy. (Therioplectes, Zeller.) 
 c. Body rather broad. 
 
 d. Abdomen tawny on each side. Species 8-10. 
 dd. Abdomen black, with grey spots. Species 11, 12. 
 c c. Body narrow. Species 13. 
 
 a a. Vein between the cubital areolet and the submarginal areolet 
 forked. Eyes hairy. Species 14, 15. 
 
 1. Bovinus, L. s. n. ii. 1000. 4 (1763); Fb.; Pz. ! ; Mg.; Mq.; Ztt. 
 Nigro-fuscus, capite flavo-albo, antennis nigris basi fulvis, thorace cinereo 
 quinquevittato, alis subcinereis basi et ad costam fulvis, abdomiue maculis 
 trigonis cinereis univittato, segmentorum marginibus posticis fulvis, 
 pedibus fuscis, tibiis flavis. Long. 10-11 ; alar. 20-22 lin. 
 
 Dark brown. Head yellowish- white, clothed in front with pale 
 yellow hairs. Eyes bronzed, not striped. Antennae black, tawny at 
 the base; notch of the third joint large. Thorax with five grey 
 stripes. Wings pale grey, tawny at the base, and thence along three- 
 fourths of the fore border. Halteres brown, with pale yellow tips. 
 Abdomen with a row of whitish triangular spots ; hind borders of the 
 segments tawny on each side. Legs brown ; tibiae yellow. 
 
 This, the largest British Tabanus, is not common ; when on 
 the wing it may be distinguished by its loud hum, by its rapid 
 flight, and by the large circles in which it wheels round its prey. 
 (E. S. L) 
 
 2. autumnalis, L. s. n. ii.1000. 5 (1763); Mg.; DC.; Mq.; Ztt. 
 Nigro-fuscus, capite flavo-albo, antennis nigris, thorace cinereo-quinque- 
 vittato, alis cinereis bad et ad costam subfulvis, abdomine maculis canis 
 quinquemttato, pedibus nigris, tibiis flavis apice nigris. Long. 7^-9 ; 
 alar. 14-18 lin. 
 
 Brownish-black. Head yellowish-white, clothed in front with pale 
 yellow hairs. Eyes bronzed, not striped. Antenna? black. Thorax 
 with five grey stripes. Wings grey, with a slight tawny tinge at the 
 base and along three-fourths of the fore border. Halteres brown, with 
 yellow knobs. Abdomen rather long, with five rows of hoary spots. 
 Tibia? yellow, with black tips. Male. Abdomen ferruginous on each 
 side. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 3. anthracinus, Hfg.; Mg. zw. ii. 36. 7 (1820). Nigro-fuscus, 
 capite flavo-albo, antennis nigris, articulo tertio basi ferrugineo, thorace 
 cinereo-quinquevittato, alis subcinereis, abdomine maculis trigonis 
 canis trivittato, pedibus nigris, tibiis fulvis apice nigris. Long. 7 ; 
 alar. 14 lin. 
 
 Brownish-black. Head yellowish-white, clothed in front with pale 
 yellow hairs. Eyes purplish-green. Antenna black, dark ferruginous 
 
38 TABANID.E. 
 
 towards the base of the third joint. Thorax with five grey stripes. 
 Wings pale grey. Halteres tawny, their knobs brown, with yellowish- 
 white tips. Abdomen rather short and broad, with three rows of tri- 
 angular hoary spots. Tibiae tawny, with black tips. Male. Abdomen 
 tawny on each side towards the base. 
 
 Bare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 4. glaucopis, Mg. zw. ii. 48. 24.pl. 13. f. 18 (1820) ; Mq.; Ztt. 
 Nigro-cinereus, antennis rujis apice nigris, thorace cano-quinquevittato, 
 alis vix cinereis, abdomine maculis trigonis canis trivittato, tibiis fulvis 
 apice nigris. Long. 7 ; alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Dark grey. Head clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Eyes 
 bronzed; facets of the fore part very small. Antenna black ; first 
 joint testaceous ; second dark red ; third slender, dark red at the base, 
 very slightly notched. Thorax with five hoary stripes ; tip and under- 
 side hoary. Wings very slightly tinged with grey. Alulae greyish, 
 with tawny borders. Halteres brown, with whitish tips. Abdomen 
 with three rows of hoary somewhat triangular spots. Tibiae tawny, 
 with black tips. Male. Spots on each side of the abdomen mostly 
 tawny towards the base. 
 
 Yery rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 5. bromius, L. s.n. ii. 1001. 12 (1763) ; Mg.; Mq.; Ztt. macula- 
 tus, Dg. Niger, capite flavo-albo, antennis fulvis, thorace cinereo-quin- 
 quevittato, alis cinereis, abdomine nigro-fusco maculis trigonis fulvis 
 trivittato, tibiis fulvis. Long. 5-7 ; alar. 10-12 lin. 
 
 Black. Head yellowish-white, clothed in front with pale yellow 
 hairs. Eyes bronzed, purple in front. Antenna dark tawny ; third 
 joint paler. Thorax with five grey stripes. Wings grey. Halteres 
 tawny, with brown knobs. Abdomen dark brown, with three rows of 
 dull, pale, tawny, triangular spots. Tibiae tawny. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 6. atricornis, Mg. zw. vii. 59. 47 (1838); Ztt. Nigro-cinereus, 
 antennis nigris, thorace subvittato, alis subcinereis, abdomine maculis 
 trigonis canis trivittato, segmenti secundi lateribus fulvis, tarsis poste- 
 rioribus tibiisque ferrugineis apice nigris. Long. 6-7 ; alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Greyish-black. Head clothed in front with whitish hairs. Antenna 
 black. Thorax indistinctly striped. Wings pale grey. Alulae grey, 
 with tawny borders. Halteres pitchy, with ferruginous tips. Abdo- 
 men with three stripes of nearly triangular hoary spots ; middle spots 
 small ; a tawny spot on each side of the second segment. Tibiae and 
 posterior tarsi ferruginous, with black tips. Male. Eyes reddish-bronze, 
 black, and composed of very small facets in front. Female. Eyes 
 blackish-bronze. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 7. glaucus, Mgrle.; Mg. zw. ii. 51. 28 (1820). Nigro-cinereus, 
 antennis rujis apice nigris, thorace cano-quinquevittato, alis subcinereis, 
 
TABANUS. 39 
 
 abdomine cceruleo-fusco maculis trigonis canis trivittato, tibiis fulvis 
 apice nigris. Long. 4-5 ; alar. 8-10 lin. 
 
 Greyish-black, hoary beneath. Head covered above with fawn- 
 coloured down, whitish, and clothed with white hairs in front and 
 beneath. Eyes bronzed, blackish-bronze in front. Antenna rather 
 deep red,, with black tips. Thorax with five indistinct hoary stripes ; 
 underside hoary. Wings pale grey ; stigmata dark brown. Alulas grey, 
 with tawny borders. Halteres brown, with pale tips. Abdomen dark 
 brown, slightly tinged with blue, with three stripes of nearly triangular 
 hoary spots, tawny on each side and along the hind borders of the 
 segments beneath. Tibias tawny, with black tips. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. 
 
 8. tropicus, L. s. n. ii. 1001 (1763); Dg. ; Pb.; Shr. ; Gm. ; 
 LI. ; Pz. ! fn. xiii. 22 ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Niger, capite flavo- 
 albo, antennis ferrugineis basi et apice obscurioribus, thorace cinereo- 
 subtrivittato, alls cinereis basi et ad costam fulvis, abdomine fulvo 
 maculis trigonis flavis univittato, tibiis fulvis. Long. 7-7-g-; alar. 
 14-15 lin. 
 
 Black. Head yellowish- white, clothed in front with pale yellow 
 hairs. Eyes aBneous-green, with three purple bands. Antennae ferru- 
 ginous ; first, fourth, and following joints darker. Thorax with three 
 very indistinct grey stripes. Wings grey, tawny at the base, and thence 
 along three-fourths of the fore border. Halteres brown, tawny at the 
 base. Abdomen tawny, with a row of triangular yellow spots, which 
 are sometimes indistinct. Tibiae tawny. 
 
 Generally distributed, but not common. (E. S. I.) 
 
 9. luridus, Fin. d. s. tab. 5.4 (1817) ; Mg. ; Mq.; Ztt, Niger, 
 capite albido, antennis ferrugineis et apice nigris, thorace cinereo-sub- 
 trivittato, alis cinereis basi et ad costam subfuscis, abdomine maculis canis 
 univittato, lateribus anterioribus fulvis, tibiis fulvis apice obscurioribus. 
 Long. 6-7 ; alar. 12-14 lin. 
 
 Black. Head whitish, clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Eyes 
 aeneous-green, with three purple bands. Antennae black ; second and 
 third joints ferruginous. Thorax with three indistinct grey stripes. 
 Wings grey, brownish at the base, and thence along three-fourths of the 
 fore border. Halteres brown, tawny towards the base. Abdomen dark 
 tawny on each side, for about half the length from the base, and with a 
 row of triangular hoary spots on the disc. Tibice tawny, darker towards 
 the tips. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 10. signatus, Wdm.; Mg. zw. 34. 4 (1820). Niger, capite cano, 
 antennarum articulo tertio fulvo, thorace vix vittato, alis cinereis basi 
 et ad costam fuscis, abdomine maculis trigonis canis univittato fasciisque 
 abbreviatis canis bivittato, tibiis fulvis apice nigris. Long. 7 ; alar. 
 14 lin. 
 
40 TABANID.E. 
 
 Black. Head hoary, clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Eyes 
 aeneous-green, with 3 purple bands. Third joint of the antenna tawny. 
 Thorax hardly striped. Wings grey, tinged with brown at the base 
 and thence along two-thirds of the fore border. Halteres brown, 
 tawny at the tips and towards the base. Hind borders of the abdo- 
 minal segments with a triangular hoary spot in the middle, and with a 
 short hoary band on each side. Tibiae dark tawny, with black tips. 
 
 Eare. (E.) 
 
 11. austriacus, Fb. s. a. 96. 17 (1805). micans, Mg. ; Mq. 
 Niger, capite cano, thorace vix vittato, alis cinereis basi et ad costam 
 et ad venas disci nonnullas fuscis ; Mas. abdomine maculis canis uni vit- 
 tato ; Fcem. abdomine maculis canis trivittato, lateribus anterioribus 
 cano-maculatis. Long. 6-7 ; alar. 14-16 lin. 
 
 Black. Head hoary, clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Eyes 
 seneous-green, adorned with 3 purple bands. Thorax hardly striped. 
 Wings grey, brown at the base and thence along three-fourths of the 
 fore border and along some of the veins in the disc. Halteres black. 
 Male. Abdomen with one row of hoary spots. Fore tarsi fringed with 
 long hairs. Fern. Abdomen with 3 rows of hoary spots, and with a larger 
 hoary spot on each side near the base. 
 
 Eare. (E.) 
 
 12. cordiger, Wdn.; Mg. zw. ii. 47. 23 (1820). Nigro-fuscus, 
 capite flavo, antennis ferrugineis apice nigris, thorace cinereo-trivittato 
 ad alasfulvo, alis subcinereis basi et ad costam fulvis, abdomine maculis 
 trigonis cinereis trivittato, segmentis primo ad tertium fulvo-bivittatis, 
 pedibus nigris, tibiis anticis basi fulvis, tibiis posterioribus et tarsis 
 fulvis. Long. 6 ; alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Dark brown, narrow. Head yellow, clothed in front with yellow 
 hairs. Eyes seneous-green, with 3 purple bands. Antenna? ferru- 
 ginous, black towards the tips. Thorax with 3 grey stripes, tawny 
 above the base of each wing. Wings pale grey, tawny at the base and 
 thence along two-thirds of the fore border. Halteres brown, yellow at 
 the tips and towards the base. Abdomen with a row of cinereous 
 triangular spots along the disc and with a tawny stripe along each 
 side of the first, second, and third segments. Legs black ; fore tibiae 
 towards the base, posterior tibiae and tarsi, tawny. 
 
 Eare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 13. rusticus, L. s. n. ii. 1000. 11 (1763); Fb.; Fin.; Mg. ; 
 Mq. ; Ztt. Cinereus, capite cano, antennis fulvis basijlavis apice ferru- 
 gineis, alis sublimpidis, pedibus nigris, tibiis fulvis apice nigris ; Mas. 
 abdomine basi fulvo-bivittato ; Fcem. abdomine maculis cinereis trivit- 
 tato. Long. 6 ; alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Grey. Head hoary, clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Eyes 
 yellowish-green. Antennae tawny, yellow at the base, ferruginous 
 towards the tips. Thorax not striped. Wings almost colourless. 
 
H^EMATOPOTA. 41 
 
 Halteres pale yellow, with white knobs. Legs black ; tibia pale tawny, 
 with black tips. Male. Abdomen with a short tawny stripe on each 
 side near the base. Fern. Abdomen with 3 rows of large indistinct 
 cinereous spots. 
 
 Not common. (E. S.) 
 
 14. alpinus, Shr. f. b. iii. 2534 (1798); Ct. ! b. e. IS.rmticus, 
 Shr. i. a. ; Pz. ; Fin. -fulvus, Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Fuscus, capite cario, 
 antennis luteis basi flams, alis limpidis basi et ad costam subfulvis, abdo- 
 minis lateribus basi fulvis, pedibus fulvis, tarsis anticis nigris. Long. 
 6-7 ; alar. 12-14 lin. 
 
 Brown, thickly clothed with short tawny hairs. Head hoary, clothed 
 in front with yellow hairs. Eyes pale green. Antennae luteous ; first 
 and second joints yellow. Thorax not striped. Wings colourless, with 
 a tawny tinge at the base and thence along two-thirds of the fore 
 border. Halteres yellow, with whitish tips. Abdomen tawny on each 
 side near the base. Legs tawny ; fore tarsi black. 
 
 Not common. (E. S.) 
 
 Genus II. HJEMATOPOTA. 
 
 HJSMATOPOTA, Mg. kl. i. 162 (1804); Fb. ; LI. ; Fin.; Mg. ; Ztt, 
 Tabanus, L. ; Fb. ; Dg. ; Pz. ; Shr. ; Gm. ; Gfr. 
 
 Corpus mediocre, lineare, pubescens. Color obscurus. Ocelli nulli. 
 Palporum articulus secundus conicus. Antenna -articulata, por- 
 rectae, lanceolatae, subretusae ; articulus primus cylindricus, sat 
 longus ; secundus cyathiforrnis, perbrevis ; tertius et sequentes com- 
 pacti, flagellum subulatum fingentes. Ala parallels, deflexte ; areola 
 analis angulo acuto usque in marginem summum interiorem descen- 
 dens. 
 
 Body narrow, linear, generally black or grey. Head contracted, 
 semicircular, somewhat depressed. Eyes depressed. Ocelli none. 
 Mouth projecting. Labrum small, stiff, pointed, as long as the 
 labium. Lingua lanceolate., pointed, as long as the labium. Maxillae 
 curved, acute, as long as the lingua. Labium thick, tumid beneath, 
 channelled above. Antenna Q-jointed, inserted in front of the face, 
 longer than the head; first and second joints bristly; first somewhat long, 
 elliptical or cylindrical; second short, cyathiform; third and three 
 following joints compressed, almost bare ; third attenuated, rather stout, 
 nearly as long as the first ; fourth and fifth small, quadrate ; sixth a 
 little longer, rounded at the tip. Thorax oval, narrower than the head; 
 scutellum semicircular. Wings lanceolate, rather narrow, finely pubes- 
 cent, parallel, deflexed, adorned with ringlets ; anal areolet extending 
 to the border. Alulae small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen rather 
 
 VOL. I. G 
 
42 TABANIDjE. 
 
 long, linear, depressed. Legs of equal length ; tibias compressed, not 
 thicker than the femora. 
 
 Male. Mouth horizontal. Labrum lanceolate, hollow. Palpi very 
 hairy ; first joint clavate ; second nearly oval, much broader than the 
 first. First joint of the antennas very much incrassated. 
 
 Fern. Head with two black spots and a black dot, forming a tri- 
 angle on the crown. Mouth perpendicular. Labrum rather broad and 
 stout. Mandibles lanceolate, as long as the labrum, seated on the 
 under base of the labium. Palpi pubescent ; first joint short ; second 
 long, conical, slightly curved, not broader than the first. First joint 
 of the antennas oval, scarcely stouter than the third. 
 
 These flies are much more abundant than the Ta&ani; their 
 flight is silent. 
 
 1. pluvialis, L. s. n. ii. 1001. 16 (1763) ; Dg. ; Fb. ; Shr. ; Gm. ; 
 Gfr.; LI. ; Pz. ; Mg. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. kyetomantis, Shr. equorum, 
 Fb. ; Mg. tenuicornis, Mq. italica, Mg. ; Gt. ! b. e. longicornis, Mq. 
 grandis, Mgrle. ; Mq. Capite cano, antennis nigris, articulo tertio 
 basi ferrugineo, alis cinereis confertim albido-subocellatis, tibiis poste- 
 rioribus fulvis nigro-bicinctis, tibiis anticis et tarsis posterioribus basi 
 fulvis. Mas. Niger, abdominis lateribus nonnunquam fulvis. Fcem. 
 Fuscus, thorace cinereo-trivittato, abdomine maculis cinereis trivit- 
 tato, segmentorum marginibus posticis canis. Long. 3-^-5 ; alar. 
 7-10 lin. 
 
 Head hoary. Eyes green, with 3 or 4 crimson bands. Antennas 
 black ; third joint more or less ferruginous towards the base, sometimes 
 quite black. Wings dark grey, with numerous whitish curved lines 
 and imperfect circlets. Halteres tawny. Legs black ; fore tibiae and 
 tarsi tawny at the base ; posterior tibias tawny, with 2 black bands. 
 Male. Black. Head clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Sides 
 of the abdomen sometimes tawny. Fern. Brown. Head clothed in 
 front with white hairs, black and shining about the base of the an- 
 tennas, above which there are 2 dark brown spots. Thorax with 3 grey 
 stripes. Abdomen with 3 rows of grey spots ; hind borders of the 
 segments hoary. 
 
 Generally distributed, and excessively abundant in the summer; 
 the warmth of a hothouse will develope the fly in the beginning of 
 March. (E. S. I.) 
 
 Genus III. CHRYSOPS. 
 
 CHRYSOPS, Mg. kl. (1804); Fb. s. a.; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Tabanm p., 
 
 L. ; Fb. ; Pz. 
 Corpus mediocre, pubescens, oblongum, sat latum. Color obscurus ; 
 
CHRYSOPS. 43 
 
 pictura abdominis saepe rufa, alarumque albo-maculata. Ocelli 3. 
 
 Antennae 7 -articulate, porrectse, cylindric8e,subretus8e; articuli primus 
 
 et secundus hirti, sequales ; tertius et sequentes flagellum subulatum 
 
 fingentes. Alse divaricatse ; areola analis marginem attingens, sub- 
 
 aperta. Abdomen depressum. 
 
 Body of middle size, pubescent, rather broad. Head semicircular. Eyes 
 resplendent gold-green, with purple-brown spots and lines. Ocelli 3. 
 Mouth projecting, as long as the head. Labrum stiff, pointed, as long 
 as the labium. Lingua slender, stiff, pointed. Maxillae slender, acute. 
 Palpi hairy, biarticulate ; first joint short, cylindrical ; second long, 
 conical. Labium slender, cylindrical. Antenna?, 7 -jointed, inserted in 
 the middle of the front, porrect, cylindrical, a little curved upward, 
 tapering towards the tips, rather longer than the head ; first arid second 
 joints cylindrical, hairy, of equal length ; third and following forming 
 a subulate flagellum ; third of moderate length ; fourth and following 
 joints short. Thorax rather flat, hairy on each side. Wings almost 
 lanceolate, divaricate, finely pubescent, more or less coloured; anal 
 areolet extending to the border, almost open. Abdomen flat. 
 
 Male. Palpi horizontal. 
 
 Fern. Head with 2 black scapula, one above the antennae, the other 
 on the crown. Mandibles thin, lanceolate, as long as the labrum. 
 Palpi perpendicular. Thorax striped. 
 
 These flies are common, but do not swarm like the Hematopota ; 
 their flight is silent. 
 
 1. caecutiens, L. s. n. ii. 1001. 17 (1763); Dg. ; Fb. ; Gm. ; 
 Fin.; Mg. ! ii. 67. 2. pi. 14. f. 6; Mq. ; Zit.lugubris, L. ; Fb. ; 
 Mg. viduafus, Fb. Thoracis lateribus fulvo-hirtis. Mas. Niger, alis 
 nigro-fuscis cinereo-bimaculatis, abdomine basi fulvo-bimaculato. Fosm. 
 Nigro-fuscus, thorace cinereo-bivittato, alis fuscis limpido-bimaculatis, 
 abdomine basi fulvo maculisque trigonis fulvis vittato. Long. 3^-4^ ; 
 alar. 7-9 lin. 
 
 Eyes golden-green ; 5 spots and the hind border purple. Halteres 
 dark brown. Male. Black. Thorax clothed with bright tawny hairs on each 
 side at the base of the wings. Wings dark brown ; hind border at the 
 base, and a large angle on the hind border near the tip, pale grey ; a 
 small whitish spot in the disc. Abdomen tawny on each side towards 
 the base. Fern. Dark brown. Thorax with 2 cinereous stripes, clothed with 
 bright tawny hairs, which are thickest on each side. Wings brown, 
 with 2 large colourless spots, one extending almost across the wing 
 from the hind border near the base, the other forming an angle on the 
 hind border near the tip. Abdomen with a very broad and often inter- 
 rupted tawny band at the base, and with a row of tawny triangular spots 
 along Hie back, the first largest and most distinct. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
44 ACROCERID.E. 
 
 2. relictus, Hfg.; Mg. zw.ii. 69. (1820.) 3; Mq.; 
 Mg.; Fb. Tabanus cacutiens, Pz. ! Thorace fulvo-hirto, abdomine maculis 
 trigonis cinereis univittato maculisque fulvis trivittato, tibiis fulvis. 
 Mas. Niger, alls nigro-fuscis cinereo-bimaculatis. Fcem. Nigro-fuscus, 
 thorace cinereo-quadrivittato, alls fuscis albido-bimaculatis, abdominw 
 lateribus basi fiavis segmentorum marginibus posticis cinereis. Long. 
 3|_4 ; alar. 7-9 lin. 
 
 Eyes golden-green. Thorax clothed with tawny hairs. Halteres 
 brown. Abdomen with a row of cinereous triangular spots along the back, 
 and with a tawny spot on each side of every segment from the first to Hie 
 fourth. Tibiae dark tawny. Male. Black. Eyes with 4 cupreous spots, 
 which join together, and form a band in the middle. Wings dark 
 brown, with 2 very large irregular pale grey spots on the hind border, 
 one near the base, the other near the tips. Fern. Dark brown. Head 
 covered with yellow down, with 8 black shining scapulae ; 2 on the 
 crown, quadrate ; 6 in front. Eyes with purple or brown marks. 
 Wings brown, with 2 very large irregular whitish spots on the hind 
 border, one near the base, the other near the tip. Abdomen with a 
 very large angular yellow spot occupying the sides of the first and 
 second segments ; hind borders of the segments cinereous. 
 
 Not very common. (E. S. I.) 
 
 FAMILY IV. A C R C E R I D^E. 
 
 ACROCERID^E, Lch.'comp. (1809); Ct. ; Wtw. Bombyliarii p., Lm. 
 Aplocera p., Dmr. Inflate, LI. Inflata, Mg. Stratiomyda p., 
 Fin. Fesiculosa, Mq. Asiphonia p., Efn. Cyrtites, Nwm. 
 Ogcodina, Edn. Inflata (Henopii), Ags. Acrocerince, Ztt. 
 Corpus latum, globosum. Caput parvum, rotundum. Oculi magni. 
 Ocelli 3. Antennae triarticulatae, brevissimse, stylatse. Alee divari- 
 catse. Abdomen magnum, segmentis 5. Pedes simplices. 
 Body broad, globose. Head small, almost wholly occupied by the 
 eyes. Ocelli 3. Antennae 3-jointed, very small, porrect, approximate 
 at the base. Wings diverging, deflexed. Abdomen very thick, trans- 
 parent, with 5 segments. Legs slender; onychia 3. 
 
 (forked 1. ACROCERA. 
 
 simple 2. HENOPS. 
 
ACKOCERA. 45 
 
 Genus I. ACROCERA. 
 
 ACROCERA, Mg. ; Illig. mag. (1806) ; LI. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Syrphm p., Pz. 
 Henops p., Fin. 
 
 Corpus minoris magnitudiuis, subglobosum, gibbum, breviter pubescens. 
 
 Color nigricans. Oculi nudi, obscure fusci, unicolores. Antennae 
 
 prope verticem insert*. Alee vena tertia longitudinal! furcata. 
 
 Body small, gibbous, almost globose, downy. Head small, oval, 
 contracted in front. Eyes bare, almost contiguous. Ocelli 3, on the 
 crown. Proboscis concealed. Antennas small, upright, 3-jointed, 
 seated near the crown ; first joint patelliform ; second cyathiform ; third 
 long, setiform. Thorax almost round, gibbous, much broader than the 
 head. Wings lanceolate, diverging, oblique, bare ; third longitudinal 
 vein forked. Alulae large, convex, hiding the little halteres. Abdomen 
 round, broader and thicker than the thorax, with 5 segments. Legs 
 delicate ; metatarsus as long as the other four joints. 
 
 The Acrocerae are very sluggish, and are often seated in groups 
 on the withered trunks and branches of oak and other trees, about 
 which they fly when the sun shines in warm weather ; they also 
 frequent thickets and herbage beneath trees. 
 
 1. globulus, Pz. ! fn. xxxvi. 20; LI.; Fin.; Mg.; Mq. ; Ztt. 
 Nigra, thoracis lateribus navo-maculatis et fasciatis, alis limpidis, abdo- 
 minefulvo apice flavo-fasciato, pedibus fulvis. Long. If; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Black. Head clothed with hoary hairs. Thorax clothed with very 
 short yellow hairs ; a pale yellow spot on each side of the fore border, 
 and a short oblique pale yellow band at the base of each wing. Wings 
 and alulae colourless ; veins and halteres yellow. Abdomen tawny ; an 
 irregular pale yellow band near the tip. Legs tawny ; ungues black. 
 
 Appears during the summer, and frequents the withered 
 branches of the alder, the ash, the aspen, and other trees, (E.) 
 
 2. albipes, Mg. zw. iii. 96. 4 (1822). globulus var., Fin.; Ztt. 
 Nigra, antennis fulvis apice nigris, thoracis lateribus navo-maculatis et 
 fasciatis, scutello flavo, alis limpidis, abdomine luteo basi nigro-fasciato 
 lateribus nigro-maculato, pedibus flavis. Long. 1| 2 ; alar. 4-5 lin. 
 
 Black. Head and thorax clothed with pale, very short, yellow hairs. 
 Antennae tawny, black towards the tips. Thorax with a pale yellow 
 spot on each side of the fore border, and with a short oblique pale yellow 
 band at the base of each wing ; scutellum pale yellow. Wings and 
 alulae colourless; veins and halteres yellow. Abdomen luteous ; a black 
 band at the base, and on each side a row of black spots, which successively 
 decrease towards the tip. Legs yellow ; tips of the tarsi black. 
 
 May be a variety of the preceding species. (E.) 
 
46 ASILIDi. 
 
 Genus II. HBNOPS. 
 
 HENOPS, Dl: mag. (1806); Mg. ; Fb. ; Fin.; Ztt. Mwca p., L. 
 
 SyrphiH p., Pz. Ogcodes p., LI. Ogcodes, Mq. 
 Corpus minoris magnitudinis, subglobosum, gibbuin, breviter pubesceus. 
 
 Color nigricans. Oculi nudi, obscure fusci, unicolores. Antenna ad 
 
 peristoma inserta. Ala vena tertia longitudinali simplici. 
 
 Body small, gibbous, almost globose, downy. Head much con- 
 tracted in front. Eyes bare, almost contiguous. Ocelli 3, on the 
 crown. Peristoma small, round. Proboscis concealed. " Palpi short, 
 filiform. Labium very small " (Fb.). Antennae 3-jointed, very small, 
 seated close to the upper border of the peristoma, nutant, inclined almost 
 perpendicularly downwards, slightly diverging ; first joint very short, 
 patelliform ; second more oval ; third subulate, somewhat thickened at 
 the tip, which bears two little bristles. Thorax almost round, much 
 broader and thicker than the head ; scutellum rounded. Wings lan- 
 ceolate, incumbent, oblique, longer than the abdomen, not pubescent 
 nor fringed; third longitudinal vein simple. Alulae large, rounded, 
 quite concealing the little halteres. Abdomen oval, gibbous, very large, 
 with 5 segments, convex above, flat beneath. Legs slender. 
 
 These flies resemble the Acrocera in general structure and in 
 habits. 
 
 1. gibbosus, L. fh. 1815 (1761); Fb. ; Gin.; Pz. ; Mg.; Fin.; 
 LL ; Mq. ; Ztt. leucomelas, Mg. ; Fin. marginatus, Mg. ; Ct. ! b. e. 
 110 ; Ztt. limbatuz, Mg. I>igro-fuscus, antennis nigris, thoracis late- 
 ribns fulvo-maculatis et fasciatis, alis limpidis, abdomine fusco, seg- 
 mentorum marginibus posticis ventreque flavis, pedibus fulvis, femo- 
 ribus nonnunquam nigris. Long. 2^-3 \; alar. 7-9 lin. 
 
 Blackish-brown. Head prominent above the antennas. Peristoma 
 tawny. Thorax clothed with yellow hairs, having a tawny spot on each 
 side of the fore border, and an oblique tawny band at the base of each 
 whig. Whigs and alulae colourless ; veins and halteres pale yellow. 
 Abdomen brown ; hind borders of the segments pale yellow ; underside 
 pale yellow, with a brown border. Legs tawny ; femora sometimes 
 black, with yellow tips. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 FAMILY Y. ASILIDJE. 
 
 Lch. comp. (1819); Ct. ; Wtw. Eombyliarii p., Lm. 
 Empidia p., Ufa. Asilici, LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Ags. ; Lw. 
 Sclerostomap., Dmr. Asilica, Brm. Asilites,T$wm. Asilina, Rdn. 
 
 Corpus magnum aut medium, hirsutum. Frons et vertex impressa. 
 
LAPHRIA. 47 
 
 Epistoma barbatum. Oculi remoti. Proboscis valida, brevis, por- 
 
 recta aut obliqua. Ala3 incumbentes. Abdomen segmentis 8. 
 
 Pedes saepissime validi, spinis armati. 
 Mas. Anus biungulatus. 
 Fcem. Ungulis analibus nullis. 
 
 Body narrow, cylindrical, of large or of middle size, most often 
 bristly. Crown and front impressed. Epistoma armed with bristles. 
 Eyes remote. Proboscis projecting, horny, short, stout, very sharp, 
 horizontal or oblique. Antennae porrect, approximate at the base, 
 erect ; third joint developed, long, distinct from the succeeding joints, 
 which are very small or obsolete ; fourth seated on the tip of the third. 
 Wings incumbent, parallel. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen cylindrical, 
 with 7 or 8 segments. Legs stout ; tibiae and tarsi armed with bristles 
 and spines. 
 
 These flies are all carnivorous, and are the most powerful and 
 generally the largest of the Diptera. They destroy Coleoptera 
 and Hymenoptercij as well as the insects of their own class, and 
 are most frequent in woods and sandy situations ; their flight is 
 silent. The larvae are apod, smooth, cylindrical, and undergo 
 their metamorphose in the earth or in decayed wood. The genera 
 may be thus divided : 
 
 f not striated 1. LAPHEIA. 
 
 with onychia : J 
 Antennae | 
 
 { stylated : ( closed before the border . . 2. ASILUS. 
 Mediastinal 
 areoleU 
 
 oblique . .3. DASYPOGON. 
 open to the 
 
 border : 
 Proboscis 
 
 I 
 
 horizontal . 4. DIOCTRIA. 
 without onychia 5. LEPTOGASTER. 
 
 Genus I. LAPHRIA. 
 
 LAPHBIA, Mg. kl. (1804) ; Fb. ; Ll. ; Fin.; Mq.; ZU. ; Ct. ; Lw. 
 Asilus p., L. ; Fb. ; Dg. ; Gm. ; Shr. ; Pz. ; Hbst. ; Gfr. 
 
 Corpus magnum, robustum, oblongum, hirsutum. Color niger, hirsutie 
 nitente, interdum albescente vel flavescente. Proboscis porrecfa. 
 Antenna triarticulata, non stylatce ; articulus tertius obtusus. Areola 
 mediastinalis clausa. Onychia compicua. 
 
48 ASILID.fJ. 
 
 Mas. Abdomen angustius ; lamellae 2 magnae cornea? genitalia snpra 
 
 tegentes. 
 Fcem. Abdomen latius, magis obtusum ; lamellae anales nullae. 
 
 Body rather large, stout, hairy, bristly. Head contracted, flat, very 
 hairy, as broad as the thorax; epistoma prominent, bristly. Eyes 
 green, flat, and composed of large facets in front. Ocelli 3, on a little 
 tubercle of the crown. Proboscis almost horizontal, about twice the 
 length of the head. Labrum short, conical, channelled beneath some- 
 what membranaceous at the tip. Lingua small, pointed, as long as 
 the labium, beset above with stiff, thick, revolute hairs along two- 
 thirds of the length to the tip. Maxillae small, pointed, flat, 
 late, cylindrical, short, hairy ; joints of equal length. Labium 
 fringed internally, almost as long as the lingua. Palpi biarticu- 
 cylindrical, with a tubercle beneath at the base. Antennae porrect, 
 triarticulate, not stylate, approximate at the base, diverging, inclined 
 upward to the height of the head ; first and second joints bristly ; first 
 cylindrical ; second small, cyathiform ; third long, bare, subfusiform, 
 compressed, narrow at the base, somewhat dilated in the middle, obtuse 
 at the tip, much longer than the first and second. Thorax oval, 
 rather gibbous; scutellum semicircular. Wings lanceolate, minutely 
 wrinkled, very finely pubescent ; mediastinal areolet closed before the 
 border. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen with 7 segments ; seventh 
 segment very small. Legs stout, hairy ; femora thick ; tibiae curved ; 
 tarsi rather long ; ungues long ; onychia conspicuous. 
 
 Male. Abdomen almost cylindrical, inflected beneath ; tips armed 
 with stout hairy pincers. 
 
 Jem. Abdomen obclavate, obtuse. 
 
 These flies appear in summer, inhabit woods, and their larvae 
 live and change to pupae in the decayed branches. The head, 
 the thorax, the rudiments of the wings, and eight segments of 
 the abdomen are distinctly formed on the outside of the case. 
 The head and the thorax are smooth, and there are a few 
 bristles on the sides of the abdomen. There are four large 
 and four small spines on the head, and the tip of the abdomen is 
 armed with eight spines, which are close together. The back 
 of each segment of the abdomen is beset with a transverse row 
 of small spines. 
 
 1. marginata, L. s. n. ii. 1008. 10 (1763); Dg. ; Shr. ; Gm. ; 
 Fb. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Zll. ; Ztt. ; Lw. nigra, Mg. ; Ct. ! b. e. ii. 
 $4}.fulgida? Mg. Nigra, fulvo-hirta, capite aureo, alls fusco-cinereis 
 basi subcinereis, abdomine purpureo-nigro-aeneo. Long. 5-6 ; alar. 
 8-10 lin. 
 
 Black. Head partly gilded, clothed with long black hairs, and in 
 front with tawny hairs. First and second joints of the antennae clothed 
 
AS1LUS. 49 
 
 with long black hairs. Thorax tinged with white on each side. Wings 
 brownish-grey, pale grey towards the base. Halteres bright yellow. 
 Abdomen bronze-black, with a slight purple tinge, clothed with short 
 tawny hairs ; hind borders of the segments covered on each side with 
 tawny down. Legs clothed with tawny hairs and black bristles ; 
 onychia tawny. Male. Abdominal appendages large, black, clothed 
 with black hairs. 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 Genus II. ASILUS. 
 
 ASILUS, Mg. kl. (1804) ; LI. ; Fin. ; Wd. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Ct. ; Lw. Asi- 
 
 lusp., L.; Fb.; Dg. ; Grm. ; Shr. ; Gfr. ; Hbst. Dasypogon p., Fb. 
 Corpus majoris aut mediae magnitudinis, elongatum, hirsutum. Color 
 
 saepissime niger, hirsutie cinerascente ; raro lutescens. Oculi uni- 
 
 colores. Antenna 5 -articulate, stylatae. Areola mediastinalis clausa. 
 
 Tibiae pilosae et spinulosae. Onychia conspicua. 
 Mas. Geiiitalia prominula ; cauda forficata cornea. 
 Fcem. Anus stylis 2 corneis acuminatus, productus. 
 
 Body narrow, cylindrical, bristly. Head rather small, semicircular, 
 transverse, much compressed between the eyes, with a small deeply de- 
 pressed front, very hairy beneath the mouth ; epistoma prominent, 
 beset with bristles. Eyes green. Ocelli 3, seated on a little tubercle. 
 Proboscis projecting, oblique, somewhat curved, as long as the head. 
 Labrum short, broad, arched, obtuse, half the length of the labium, 
 coriaceous at the base, membranaceous and obliquely truncated at 
 the tip. Lingua stiff, flat, pointed, clothed above with reverted 
 velvet-like hairs, as long as the labium. Maxillae stiff, truncated, 
 linear, rather dilated and membranaceous towards the tips, ex- 
 ceeding the labrum in length. Palpi cylindrical, clavate, obtuse, 
 hairy, curved upwards. Labium thick, hairy, tumid beneath. 
 Antennae 5-jointed, porrect, stylate, hardly larger than the head, in- 
 serted in the middle of the face, approximate at the base, diverging, 
 inclined upward ; first and second joints bristly ; first cylindrical ; 
 second cyathiform, short; third long, subulate, compressed, bare; 
 fourth and fifth very short. Thorax most often with dark and some- 
 times divided stripes, of which the middle one is shortened in front, and 
 those on the sides are interrupted. Scutellum small. Wings lanceo- 
 late, very finely pubescent ; mediastinal areolet closed. Alulae small, 
 very narrow ; their borders fringed. Halteres long, uncovered. Ab- 
 domen with 7 segments, long, lanceolate ; hind part gradually tapering. 
 Legs stout, bristly ; tibiae straight, spinose. Onychia conspicuous. 
 
 The Asili are more generally distributed than the other genera 
 of this family, and are most frequent in sandy situations ; their 
 
 VOL. i. H 
 
50 ASILIDvE. 
 
 food is chiefly small Diptera, which they hold between their 
 fore legs. The larva lives in the earth; it has 12 segments ; is 
 apod, rather long, somewhat flat, smaller at each end, with a 
 horny head ; it sheds its skin during the change into a pupa. 
 The head of the pupa is armed with two robust spines in front, 
 and on each side with 3 smaller spines, which are connected at 
 the base ; the abdominal segments are fringed with spines. 
 The British species comprise the following groups or subgenera 
 of Loew : 
 a. Ovipositor compressed. 
 
 b. Thorax bristly to the front. Group LOPHONOTUS. Species 1. 
 b b. Thorax bristly to the middle. 
 
 c. Terminal lamellae oval, compressed. EUTOLMUS. Species 2. 
 c c. Terminal lamellae free, almost stylate. 
 
 d. Hind border of the eighth abdominal segment of the 
 
 male widened. MACHIMUS. Species 3-8. 
 d d. Hind border of the eighth abdominal segment of the 
 male not widened. 
 e. Body yellowish-grey, or ash-grey. Legs striped or 
 
 banded with reddish-yellow. EPITRIPTUS. Sp. 9. 
 e e. Body more or less blackish-grey. Legs black ; 
 tibiae generally red. 
 
 /. Abdominal appendages of the male very thickly 
 clubbed. Ovipositor formed of the sixth and 
 seventh segments. ITAMUS. Species 10. 
 //. Appendages of the male not thickly clubbed. 
 
 CERDISTUS. Species ? 
 a a. Ovipositor not compressed. 
 
 b. Abdomen without bristles on the sutures. 
 
 c. Abdomen with moderately long straggling hairs. PAMPO- 
 
 NEBUS. Species 11. 
 c c. Abdomen pubescent, depressed. 
 
 d. Large bright-coloured species. ASILUS. Species 12. 
 d d. Small blackish-grey species. EHADIURGUS. Sp. ? 
 b b. Abdomen with bristles on the sutures. 
 
 c. First joint of the anterior tarsi unusually short. ECHTHIS- 
 
 TUS. Species ? 
 c c. First joint of the anterior tarsi not shortened. 
 
 d. Ovipositor very compactly clubbed, closely contracted 
 
 beneath. ANTIPALUS. Species 13. 
 d d. Ovipositor conical, beset with spines at the tip. PHI- 
 
 LONICUS. Species 14. 
 
 1. cristatus, Hffg.; Mg. zw. ii. 322. 24 (1820). Fuscus, capite 
 cano, antennis nigris, thorace cinereo-subtrivittato lateribus cano, alis 
 limpidis, pedibus nigris. Long. 5-6 ; alar. 9-] lin. 
 
ASILUS. 51 
 
 Brown. Head hoary, covered with pale tawny down, thickly clothed 
 beneath with yellowish-white hairs ; a fringe of black bristles behind 
 the eyes ; epistoma convex, beset with yellowish-white bristles, on each 
 side and above with fewer black bristles. Proboscis, palpi, and an- 
 tennae black ; first joint of the latter clothed with tawny hairs and 
 black bristles. Thorax with 3 indistinct cinereous stripes, clothed with 
 long black hairs, beset on each side with yellowish- white bristles ; 
 sutures and sides hoary. Wings colourless ; veins black, slightly 
 clouded, tawny at the base. Halteres tawny. Hind borders of the 
 abdominal segments beset with yellowish-white bristles. Legs black, 
 clothed with short pale tawny hairs, and with a few long black hairs, 
 armed with pale yellow spines ; tarsi armed with black spines. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 2. rufibarbis, Mg. zw. ii. 311. 6 (1820). Cervinus, antennis 
 nigris, thorace fusco-quadrivittato, alis subcinereis, apicibus margini- 
 busque posticis obscurioribus, abdomine supra fusco segmentorum mar- 
 ginibus posticis cervinis, pedibus nigris. Long. 9; alar. 16 lin. 
 
 Pawn-colour. Head thinly clothed on the crown with black hairs, 
 thickly clothed beneath with pale yellow hairs; a fringe of black 
 bristles behind the eyes ; epistoma convex, beset with black bristles 
 above, and more thickly with pale yellow bristles below. Proboscis, 
 palpi, and antennae black ; first and second joints of the latter clothed 
 with black hairs ; tips of the second joint and base of the third joint 
 tawny. Thorax thinly clothed with black hairs, beset with 4 rows of 
 black bristles, having 4 brown stripes, the inner pair partly united, the 
 outer pair short and interrupted. Wings pale grey, darker along the 
 hind borders and at the tips ; veins black, tawny towards the base and 
 along the fore border. Halteres tawny. Abdomen brown above, 
 clothed with short tawny hairs ; hind borders of the segments fawn- 
 colour, beset with pale yellow bristles; tips black, shining. Legs 
 black, clothed with tawny hairs, armed with black spines ; a tawny 
 spine on each hind tibia. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Saunders's collection. (E.) 
 
 3. b as alis, Lw. 1. e. iv. 16. 26. Var. ? Cervinus , antennis nigris, 
 tkorace fusco cervino-subtrivittato, alis subfuscis limpido ad discum 
 subvittatis, abdomine subcinereo cano-fasciato, apice pedibusque nigris. 
 Long. 6 ; alar. 11 lin. 
 
 Fawn-colour. Head clothed beneath with white hairs, beset behind 
 with white and with a few black bristles ; epistoma prominent, beset 
 with white bristles, and towards the antennae with a few black bristles. 
 Antennae black; first and second joints beset with black bristles. 
 Thorax thinly clothed with short black hairs, beset on each side and on 
 the hinder part with a few white and black bristles ; disc brown, excepting 
 3 indistinct stripes. Wings pale brown, colourless along the veins in 
 the disc. Halteres luteous. Abdomen greyish, clothed with short 
 
52 
 
 whitish hairs ; hind borders of the segments hoary, beset with white 
 bristles. Legs black ; femora and tibiae clothed with short white hairs, 
 beset with white bristles ; tarsi beset with black and white bristles. 
 Very rare. In Mr. Stephens' s collection. 
 
 4. forcipatus, L. fn. 1914 (1761); Fb. ; Gm. ; Shr. ; LI. ; 
 Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. cinereus, Dg. -forcipula ? Zll. ; Ztt. Cinereus, an- 
 tennis nigris, thorace fusco-quadrivittato, alis basi et ad costam fulvis 
 ad apices et ad margines posticos cinereis, abdominis apice nigro, 
 pedibus nigris. Long. 8 ; alar. 13 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head thickly clothed beneath with pale yellow hairs ; a 
 few black hairs on each side of the crown; behind the eyes a fringe of 
 white bristles, with which a few black bristles are mixed ; epistoma 
 convex, beset with black bristles above, and with more pale yellow 
 bristles below. Proboscis and palpi black, the latter clothed with 
 tawny hairs. Antennae black ; first and second joints clothed with 
 black hairs. Thorax clothed with short black hairs, beset on each 
 side and behind with black bristles, having 4 dark brown stripes ; the 
 middle pair partly united ; the outer pair short, broad, and interrupted. 
 Wings grey towards the tips and along the hind borders, tawny along 
 the fore borders towards the base ; veins black, tawny towards the base 
 and along the fore borders. Halteres tawny. Abdomen clothed with 
 short tawny hairs ; sides of the hind borders of the segments beset 
 with pale yellow bristles ; tip black, shining. Legs black, clothed 
 with tawny hairs, armed with black spines. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 5. fimbriatus, Mg. zw. ii. 320. 20 (1820) ; Mq. -pilipes? Mg. ; 
 Mq. colubrinus ? Hffg. Mg. ; Lw. Cervinus, capite albido, antennis 
 nigris, thorace fusco-vittato, alis sublimpidis, abdominis segmentorum 
 marginibus posticis canis, alls nigris. Long. 9 ; alar. 16 lin. 
 
 Fawn-colour. Head whitish behind and beneath, clothed with white 
 hairs beneath, fringed behind with white bristles and with a very few 
 black bristles ; epistoma rather prominent, beset with white bristles, 
 and towards the antennae with a very few black bristles. Antennas 
 black ; first and second joints beset with black bristles. Thorax thinly 
 clothed with black hairs, beset on each side with a few black bristles 
 and with very few white bristles, having 3 broad brown stripes, the 
 middle stripe divided along the fore half. Wings almost imperceptibly 
 tinged with grey, colour less in the disc and towards the base. Hal- 
 teres yellow. Hind borders of the abdominal segments hoary, beset 
 with white bristles; tip black, shining, compressed. Legs black, 
 shining, clothed with short hoary hairs ; femora and tibiae beset with 
 white bristles ; tarsi beset with black bristles. 
 
 Bare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 6. obscurus, Mg. zw. ii. 315. 12 (1820); Mq.gonalistes? 
 Zll. ; Lw. Canus, antennis nigris, tfiorace fusco-trivittato, alis sub- 
 
ASILUS. 53 
 
 cinereis, abdominis disco interrupte fusco, pedibus nigris. Long. 7-8 ; 
 alar. 12-13 lin. 
 
 Hoary, very slightly tinged with fawn-colour. Head clothed beneath 
 with white hairs, fringed behind with white bristles ; epistoma very 
 prominent, beset with a few black bristles, and towards the peristoma 
 with more white bristles ; sides of the peristoma beset with slender 
 white bristles. AntennaB black ; first and second joints beset with 
 black bristles. Thorax clothed with short black hairs, beset on each 
 side with long white bristles, having 3 broad brown stripes, the middle 
 one imperfectly divided by a paler stripe. Wings pale grey. Halteres 
 tawny. Disc of the abdomen brown, except the hind borders of the 
 segments, which are hoary and beset with white bristles. Legs black, 
 clothed with hoary ; femora and tibiae beset with white bristles ; tarsi 
 beset with black bristles. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Stephens' s collection. (E.) 
 
 7. rusticus, Mg. zw. ii. 311. 7 (1820) ; Iw.genualis, Ztt. 
 Cinereus, capite fnlvo, antennis nigris, thorace fusco-quadrivittato, alis 
 ad apices et ad margines posticos cinereis, abdominis apice nigro, 
 pedibus nigris. Long. 8-^-9 ; alar. 13-14 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head with a pale tawny covering, thickly clothed beneath 
 with yellowish-white hairs ; a few black hairs on each side of the 
 crown, and a fringe of white bristles behind the eyes ; epistoma very 
 convex, beset with yellowish-white bristles ; a few black bristles above 
 and on each side. Palpi black, clothed with pale hairs. Antenna? 
 black; first and second joints clothed with yellowish-white hairs. 
 Thorax clothed with short black hairs, beset on each side and behind 
 with white bristles, having 4 brown stripes ; middle pair partly united ; 
 side pair broader, interrupted. Wings grey at the tips and along the 
 hind borders; veins black, tawny at the base. Halteres tawny. 
 Abdomen clothed with short tawny hairs ; sides and hind borders of 
 the segments brown; tip black. Legs black, clothed with tawny 
 hairs, armed with yellowish-white spines ; hind tarsi armed also with 
 black spines ; tibia3 red at the base. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Saunders's collection. (E.) 
 
 8. atricapillus, Fin. d. s. 10. 5 (1814); Mg. ; Ztt.; Lw. 
 opacus, Mg. ; Mq. calceatus, Mg. bicornis, Zll. subulatus, Lw. rufi- 
 manus ? Mg. ; Mq. plebeius ? Mg. ; Mq. Cervinus, antennis nigris, 
 thorace fusco-quadrivittato, alis cinereis basi limpidis, abdominis segmen- 
 torum margmibus posticis fuscis, pedibus runs nigro-vittatis ; Mas. 
 abdominis apice ferrugineis ; Fcem. abdominis apice nigro. Long. 
 4-8 ; alar. 7-13 lin. 
 
 Dark fawn-colour. Head clothed with pale tawny hairs, which are 
 thick beneath ; a few black hairs on the crown, and a fringe of black 
 bristles behind the eyes ; epistoma slightly convex, beset with black 
 bristles above, and with a nearly equal number of pale yellow bristles 
 

 54 ASILID^E. 
 
 below. Palpi black, clothed with black hairs. Antennae black ; first 
 and second joints clothed with tawny hairs, beset with black bristles. 
 Thorax clothed with short black and tawny hairs, beset on each side 
 and behind with a few black bristles, having 4 brown stripes, the inner 
 pair partly united, the outer pair short and interrupted. Wings grey, 
 colourless at the base and in part of the disc ; veins black, tawny at 
 the base. Halteres tawny. Abdomen clothed with short tawny hairs, 
 beset along each side with a few black and whitish bristles ; hind 
 borders of the segments brown. Legs red, clothed with short pale 
 tawny hairs, armed with black spines ; femora and tibiae striped with 
 black ; a few whitish spines on the hind femora ; ungues red at the 
 base. Male. Tip of the abdomen ferruginous. Fern. Tip of the 
 abdomen black. 
 
 Bare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 9. cingulatus, Fb. s. a. 172. 36 (1805); Shr. ; Mg. ; Fin.; 
 Mq. ; Zll. ; Lw. annulatus, Mq. Cervinus, antennis nigris, thorace 
 subvittato, alis subcinereis, abdomine cano-fasciato, pedibus ferrugineis, 
 tibiis apice femoribusque nigris. Long. 5^ ; alar. 9 liri. 
 
 Dark fawn-colour. Head clothed behind and beneath with white 
 hairs, beset behind the eyes with a fringe of black bristles ; epistoina 
 prominent, thickly beset with white bristles, and more thinly towards 
 the antennae with black bristles. Antennae black ; first and second 
 joints bristly. Thorax clothed with black hairs and bristles, indis- 
 tinctly striped. Wings pale grey, a little darker at their tips. Halteres 
 tawny. Abdomen thinly clothed with short black hairs, not bristly ; a 
 hoary band on the hind border of each segment. Legs ferruginous, 
 clothed with short white hairs; tibiae and tarsi beset with black 
 bristles ; femora and tips of the tibiae mostly black. Male. Appendages 
 of the abdomen ferruginous, shining, curved, not large. 
 
 Rare. (E. I.) 
 
 10. sestivus, Shr. i. A. 996 (1781); Mg.; Mq. ; Zll.; Ztt. 
 niger? Dg. tibialis, Fin. tabidus? Mg. cyanurus, Lw. Nigro- 
 fuscus, antennis nigris, thorace cinereo nigro-quadrivittato, alis limpidis 
 apice subcinereis, abdominis apice nigro, segmentorum marginibus 
 posticis canis, pedibus nigris, tibiis luteis; Mas. abdomine apicem 
 versus cyaneo. Long. 7-8 ; alar. 12-14 lin. 
 
 Blackish-brown. Head covered with pale tawny shining down, 
 clothed on each side of the crown with black hairs, and more thickly 
 beneath with white hairs ; a fringe of black bristles behind the eyes ; 
 epistoma convex, beset above with black bristles, and more thickly 
 below with yellowish-white bristles. Palpi black, clothed with black 
 hairs. Antennae black ; first and second joints clothed with long 
 black hairs. Thorax with 4 rows of black bristles ; its cinereous 
 covering interrupted by 4 black stripes ; the outer pair short, broad 
 and interrupted. Wings colourless, pale grey towards the tips ; veins 
 
ASILUS. 55 
 
 black. Halieres tawny. Abdomen clothed with short pale tawny 
 hairs ; segments beset on each side with tufts of tawny bristles ; hind 
 borders hoary ; tip black, shining. Legs black ; femora clothed with 
 short pale tawny hairs, beset with pale tawny and black bristles ; 
 tibias luteous with black tips, clothed like the tarsi with black hairs 
 and bristles. Male. Abdomen blue towards the tip. 
 Not common. (E. I.) 
 
 11. germanicus, L. s. n. ii. (1763); Fb. ; Shr. ; Pz. ; Gm. ; 
 Fin. ; Mg. ; Ct. ! b. e. i. 46 ; Mq. ; Zll. ; Ztt. ; Lw. tibialis, Fb. 
 Niger, antennis nigris, thorace fulvo fusco-quadrivittato apice cano, alis 
 fuscis basi albis, pedibus luteis, tibiis tarsisque apice femoribusque 
 nigris. Long. 7-8 ; alar. 13-15 lin. 
 
 Black, clothed with tawny hairs, covered here and there with tawny 
 down. Head thickly clothed beneath with pale tawny hairs ; epistoma 
 very convex, beset with black bristles, and towards the peristoma with 
 tawny bristles. First and second joints of the antennas clothed with 
 black hairs. Thorax with a tawny covering, which is interrupted by 
 4 dark brown stripes, the inner pair of stripes almost united, the 
 outer pair interrupted ; hind part with a hoary covering ; sides and 
 scutellum beset with a few black bristles. Wings brown, white for 
 nearly half the length from the base ; veins black, tawny towards the 
 base. Halteres yellow. Legs luteous ; femora and tips of the tibia3 
 and of the tarsi black. Male. Facets of the fore parts of the eyes 
 smaller than in the other species. 
 
 Bare. (E. S.) 
 
 12. crabroniformis, L. fn. 1008 (1761); Fb.; Gfr. ; Mg. ; 
 LI. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. Fulvus, capite aureo, antennis nigris, 
 thorace fusco-quadrivittato, alis fulvis, areolarum discis margine postico 
 fuscis, abdomine nigro, segmentorum marginibus posticis utrinque 
 albidis, ventre apiceque ferrugineis, femoribus rufo-fuscis. Long. 
 11-12; alar. 20-22 lin. 
 
 Bright tawny, clothed with tawny hairs. Head gold-colour, thickly 
 clothed beneath with golden hairs ; epistoma very convex, beset with 
 numerous tawny bristles ; a fringe of tawny bristles behind the eyes. 
 Antenna? black ; first and second joints tawny ; first joint beset with 
 black bristles ; second with a few tawny bristles. Thorax with 4 
 brown stripes, the outer pair shorter, broader, and less distinct than 
 the inner pair ; pectus and metathorax reddish-brown. Wings tawny ; 
 discs of the areolets brown along the hind border; veins tawny. 
 Halteres tawny, with black tips. First, second, and third segments 
 of the abdomen black, clothed with black hairs, whitish and clothed 
 with pale hairs on each side of the hind borders of the segments ; 
 underside ferruginous. Femora and hind tibiae reddish-brown, the 
 latter sometimes tawny. Male. Tip of the abdomen ferruginous. 
 Fern. Tip of the abdomen brown. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
56 ASILIDJE. 
 
 13. varipes, Mg. zw. ii. 328. 33 (1820). Cervino-canus, an- 
 tennis nigris, thorace nigro-trivittato, alis limpidis apice margineque 
 postico subfascis, abdomine fusco-univittato, pedibus nifis nigro-cinctis. 
 Long. 6-6|; alar. 11-12 lin. 
 
 Hoary, tinged with fawn-colour. Head fringed behind and above 
 with black bristles, thickly clothed beneath with white hairs ; epistoma 
 rather prominent, thickly beset with black bristles and having a few 
 slender white bristles towards the peristoma. Antennae black ; first 
 and second joints beset with black bristles. Thorax beset along the 
 borders with black bristles ; its disc black, with the exception of 3 
 slender stripes, the middle one not extending half the length from the 
 fore border. Wings colourless, pale brown towards the tips and along 
 the hind borders. Halteres tawny. Abdomen with a broad brown 
 stripe ; hind borders of the segments pale hoary, interrupting the brown 
 stripe, beset with white bristles. Legs red, beset with black bristles ; 
 femora black above, with red tips ; tips of the tibia? black ; tarsi black, 
 red at the base. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 14. albiceps, Mg. zw. ii. 312. 8 (1820). Cinereus, capite al- 
 bido, antennis nigris, thorace fusco-quadrivittato, alis albidis, abdo- 
 minis segmentorum marginibus posticis albidis apice nigro, pedibus 
 nigris. Long. 8-f-; alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head whitish, thickly clothed beneath with white hairs ; 
 a few black hairs on each side of the crown, and a fringe of white 
 bristles behind the eyes ; epistoma very convex, beset with whitish 
 bristles and alx>ve with 4 or 6 black bristles. Palpi thinly clothed 
 with pale hairs. Antennae black; first and second joints beset 
 with black bristles. Thorax thinly clothed with short black hairs, 
 beset on each side and behind with a few black bristles, having 4 
 brown stripes, the inner pair nearly united, the outer pair short, broad, 
 and interrupted. Wings whitish ; veins tawny, slightly clouded. 
 Halteres yellow, tawny at the base. Abdomen clothed with short 
 white hairs ; hind borders of the segments whitish, beset with a few 
 white bristles; tip black, shining. Legs black, clothed with short 
 white hairs ; femora and tibiae armed with white spines ; tarsi armed 
 with black spines, clothed beneath with tawny down. 
 
 Bare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 Genus III. DASYPOGON. 
 
 DASYPOGON, Mg. kl. (1804); Pz.; Fin.; LI. ; Mq. ; Ct. ; Ztt. ; Lw. 
 Stilus p., L. ; Fb. ; Gm. ; Pz. Dasypogon p., Fb. Dioctria p., 
 Mg. kl. ; Fb. 
 
 Corpus magnse aut mediae magnitudinis, oblongum, hirsutulum. Color 
 
DASYPOGON. 57 
 
 niger, abdominis pictura saepe albo-maculata vel fasciata. Proboscis 
 
 obliqua. Antenna quinque-articulata, stylate. Areola discoidalis 
 
 aperta. Tibia? pilosae et spinulosae. Onychia conspicua. 
 Mas. Anus obtusus, subglobosus; lamellae scilicet laterales breves, 
 
 corneas, convexae, genitale obtegentes. 
 Fcem. Anus acutior, mucronulatus, seu spiimlis brevibus semicirculum 
 
 fingentibus posticis armatus. 
 
 Body narrow, almost cylindrical. Head short, nearly semicircular, 
 as broad as the thorax, compressed in the front, which is broad ; epi- 
 stoma convex, beset with bristles ; underside and hind part of the head 
 hairy. Eyes green, elliptical. Ocelli 3, on the crown. Proboscis 
 porrect, oblique, as long as the head, or a very little longer. Labrum 
 small, very short, conical, flat, pointed, very slightly widened in 
 front, clothed above towards the tip with thick, retracted hairs. 
 Lingua long, acute. Maxilla? long, linear, flat, pointed, submem- 
 branaceous towards the tips. Palpi biarticulate, short, hairy, of 
 various form. Labium large, tumid, narrow at the base, chan- 
 nelled above, hairy beneath and at the obtuse tip. Antenna? porrect, 
 5 -jointed, stylate, inserted in the middle of the face, as long as the 
 head, approximate at the base, diverging, inclined upward ; first and 
 second joints hairy, almost equally long, subcylindrical, somewhat more 
 slender at the base ; third lengthened, pubescent, compressed, some- 
 what smaller at each end ; fourth very short ; fifth like a style. Thorax 
 oval, very convex ; scutellum rounded. Wings moderately broad, ob- 
 tusely lanceolate, very finely pubescent; mediastinal areolet open. 
 Alulae small, entire. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen with 7 segments, 
 cylindrical, convex, in some species slightly depressed ; first segment 
 short, arched ; tip obtnse. Legs stout, bristly ; tibiae straight. Onychia 
 conspicuous. 
 
 The habits of the insects of this genus are similar to those of 
 the Asili, and the species are more peculiar to warm regions. 
 The two British species are comprised in the following groups 
 or subgenera of Loew : 
 
 a. Tips of the fore tibiae armed with spines. DASYPOGON, Species 1. 
 a a. Tips of the fore tibiae without spines. ISOPOGON, Species 2. 
 
 1. punctatns, Fb. s. i. ii. 463. 15 (1781) ; Gm. ; Pz. ! fh. xlv. 
 24; LI.; Mg.; Mq.; Zll. diadema, Fb.; Gm.; Pz. ! fn. xlv. 23; Lw.~ 
 nervosus, Pz. fh. cv. 9 ; Mg. Ater, capite antico albo-pnbescente ; 
 Mas. epistomate nigro-setoso, alis nigris ; Fcem. epistomate albo-setoso, 
 alis subcinereis apice fuscis, abdominis lateribus albo-maculatis apice 
 rufo. Long. 9-11 ; alar. 16-19 lin. 
 
 Black. Front of the head clothed with white shining down. Male . 
 Epistoma beset with black bristles. Wings black, paler along the hind 
 borders. Fern. Epistoma beset with white bristles. Wings pale grey ; 
 their tips tinged with brown. A row of white spots along the sides 
 
 VOL. I. j 
 
58 ASIL1D.E. 
 
 of the abdomen, whose fourth and following segments are more or 
 less red. 
 
 Very rare; has been found near Bristol. In the British 
 Museum. (E.) 
 
 2. brevirostris, Mg. kl. i. 255. 1 (1804) ; Ct. ! b. e. 153 ; Mq. ; 
 Ztt. ; Lw. armillatus, Fin. longitarsis, Fin. Niger, capite cano, alis 
 limpidis, tibiis plus minusve runs; Mas. alis apice fuscis, tarsorum 
 posticoruin articulo primo longissimo ; Fcem. alis basi fuscis. Long. 
 4-4 ; alar. 8-9 lin. 
 
 Black. Head hoary ; epistoma hardly convex. Palpi cylindrical. 
 Wings colourless, extending beyond the abdomen. Veins black, tawny 
 at the base. Halteres tawny, with yellow knobs. Abdomen thickly 
 punctured, clothed with short hoary hairs. Tibiae more or less red. 
 Male. Head thickly clothed with whitish hairs behind and beneath ; 
 crown clothed with black hairs. Epistoma thickly clothed with long 
 black hairs. Fore part of the eyes nearly flat, composed of large facets. 
 First and second joints of the antennas clothed with black hairs. 
 Thorax clothed with long hoary hairs. Tips of the wings brown. 
 Legs clothed with short black hairs; tibiae towards the base and 
 femora clothed with hoary hairs ; tibiae red towards the tips ; fore 
 tibiae sometimes quite black; hind metatarsus as long as the hind 
 tibiae. Fern. Crown clothed with pale yellow hairs. Epistoma thickly 
 clothed with tawny hairs. First and second joints of the antennas 
 clothed with pale yellow hairs. Thorax thickly clothed with tawny 
 hairs. Wings brown towards the base. Tibiae clothed with yellow 
 hairs ; hinder tibiae red, with black tips. Hind metatarsus nearly half 
 the length of the hind tibia. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 Genus IV. DIOCTRIA. 
 
 DlOCTRIA, Mg. kl. (1804); Fb.; LL; Fin.; Mq.; Ct. ; ZU. ; Ztt.; 
 Lw. Asilus p., Fb. ; Gm. ; Gfr. ; Shr. 
 
 Corpus majoris vel mediae magnitudinis, sublineare, glabriusculum. 
 Color niger, obscurus ; abdominis latera nonnunquam flavo-picta. 
 Oculi unicolores, non lineati. Proboscis vix obliqua. Antennae 
 quinque-articulata, non stylata; articulus tertius longus, linearis; 
 quartus et quintus breves. Areola mediastinalis aperta. Tibiae parce 
 spinulosae, posticae intus villosae sen ciliatae. Onychia conspicua. 
 
 Mas. Abdomen medio gracilius, magis coarctatum. 
 
 Fcem. Abdomen paullo crassius, sublineare. 
 
 Body slender, black, shining, somewhat bare, of large or middling 
 
 size. Head very flat, compressed in front ; front broad in both sexes. 
 
DIOCTRIA. 59 
 
 Epistoma flat, broad, clothed with shining down on each side, beset 
 with a few bristles in front. Eyes generally green, rarely violet ; fore 
 part flat, composed of large facets. Three ocelli on the crown. Pro- 
 boscis porrect, short, almost horizontal. Labrum conical, very short. 
 Lingua subulate, flat, clothed towards the tip with short velvet-like 
 retracted hairs, as long as the labium. Maxillae subulate, flat, pointed, 
 almost as long as the lingua. Palpi short, cylindrical, truncated, 
 bristly. Labium bristly, arched beneath, channelled above, small 
 in front. Antenna porrect, 5-jointed, not stylate, seated on a tu- 
 bercle, closely approximate at the base, curved, diverging, longer 
 than the head ; first and second joints bristly ; first joint cylindri- 
 cal ; second shorter than the first ; almost cyathiform ; third long, 
 compressed ; fourth and fifth very ' short, forming an obtuse tip. 
 Thorax oval, almost bare, often striped on the back, and gilded 
 or silvery on each side. Wings lanceolate, narrow, obtuse, very 
 finely pubescent ; mediastinal areolet open. Alula? small, entire. 
 Halteres uncovered. Abdomen with 7 segments, bare, almost cylin- 
 drical, sometimes marked with yellow on each side ; first segment 
 broader and more arched than the following. Legs slender, slightly 
 bristly or quite bare ; femora and tibiae straight ; hinder tibiae finely 
 fringed with hairs ; fore tibiae slightly hairy by the spurs ; hind tarsi 
 slightly clavate. Onychia conspicuous. . 
 
 These flies inhabit meadows, trees, and bushes, during the 
 summer, and are more abundant than those of the preceding 
 genus ; they feed chiefly on small Diptera ; some species prey 
 upon Uymenoptera. 
 
 1. oelandica, L. s. n. ii. 1008. 1.5 (1763); Fb. ; Shr. ; Gfr.; 
 Gm. ; Mg. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Zll. ; Ztt. ; Lw. Nigra, thorace albido- 
 quadrivittato, alis nigricantibus, pedibus mfis, tibiis apice tirsisque 
 nigris. Long. 6-7 ; alar. 10-12 lin. 
 
 Black, shining, clothed with black hairs. Head with a white 
 covering beneath, and on each side of the front. Epistoma convex, 
 beset with yellow bristles. Palpi clothed with long black hairs. First 
 and second and the base of the third joint of the antennae clothed 
 with black hairs. Thorax with 2 whitish stripes on the back, and with 
 an oblique yellowish white stripe on each side. Wings blackish ; discs 
 of the areolets paler towards the tips and along the hind border ; veins 
 black. Halteres yellow. Legs red, clothed with short tawny hairs ; 
 tibiae and tarsi armed with tawny spines ; tarsi and tips of the tibise 
 black ; claws tawny, with black tips ; onychia yellow. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 2. cothurnata, Mg. zw. ii. 244. 6 (1820). Meigenii, Sd. ent. 
 141. 26. Atra, thorace cinereo-trivittato, lateribus abdominisque seg- 
 mentorum marginibus posticis ferrugineis, alis limpidis, pedibus fulvis, 
 tibiis apices versus tarsisque piceis. Long. 7-j ; alar. 1 3 lin. 
 
60 
 
 Black, shining. Head clothed in front with shining yellowish-white 
 down; epistoma beset with yellowish-white bristles. Thorax with 
 3 grey stripes, more or less ferruginous on each side. Wings colourless ; 
 veins piceous, tawny towards the base and along the fore border. 
 Halteres tawny. Hind borders of the abdominal segments ferruginous. 
 Legs tawny ; tibia towards the tips and tarsi piceous. 
 
 Bare. In the collections of Mr. Desvignes and of Mr. Stephens. 
 (E.) 
 
 3. rufipes, Dg. i. vi. 97. 6 (1752); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. 
 frontalis, Mg. kl. ; Fb. ; IA.fampes var., Fin. Nigra, thorace cano- 
 bivittato, lateribus jlavo-albo notatis, alis fulvo-subcinereis, pedibus 
 runs, tarsorum articulis apice pedibusyue posticis nigris. Long. 5-7 ; 
 alar. 8-10 lin. 
 
 Black, shining. Head with a shining pale yellow covering, clothed 
 beneath and behind with whitish hairs. Epistoma convex, clothed 
 with long pale yellow hairs. Palpi clothed with tawny hairs. First, 
 second, and the base of the third joint of the antennae clothed with 
 black hairs. Thorax clothed with short tawny hairs, with 2 hoary 
 stripes on the back, and with some yelloicish-white shining marks on each 
 side. Wings pale grey, with a very slight tawny tinge ; veins black, 
 tawny at the base. Halteres yellow. Legs red, clothed with short 
 tawny hairs ; tibiae and tarsi armed with a few tawny spines ; tips of 
 the joints of the tarsi and of the claws black ; hind legs black ; femora 
 and tibia red at tlie base. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 4. flavipes, Mg. kl. i. 257. 2 (1804) ; Fin. ; Mq.; Ztt. ; Lw. hya- 
 lipennis, Fb. varipes, Mg. ; Mq. ; -frontalis, Mg. ; Mq. rufipes, Zll. ; 
 Lw. Nigra, thorace cinereo-trimttato, alis limpidis, abdominis segmentis 
 apice fulvis, pedibus fiavis nigro-variis, tarsis fulvis ; Mas. abdomine 
 segmentis tertio et quarto basi fulvis. Long. 4-5 ; alar. 8-10 lin. 
 
 Black, shining. Head clothed beneath and behind with short white 
 hairs. Epistoma almost flat, silvery, beset with a few bristles. Palpi 
 clothed with a few black hairs. First, second, and the base of the 
 third joint of the antennae clothed with a few short black hairs. Thorax 
 with 3 cinereous stripe*, the middle one narrow and linear, the other 2 
 broad and irregular ; sides cinereous. Wings colourless ; veins black, 
 yellow towards the base. Halteres yellow. Abdomen very slender ; 
 hind borders of tJie segments tawny. Legs yellow, armed with a few 
 yellow spines ; tarsi tawny tips of the claws black ; hind legs thickly 
 clothed beneath with short pale yellow hairs ; hind femora striped 
 with black above, with brown beneath ; hind tibiae black, yellow at the 
 base. Male. Third and fourth abdominal segments tawny at the base ; 
 appendages tawny. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
DIOCTBIA. 61 
 
 5. foscipexmis, Fin. d. s. asU. 7. 3 (1814); ZU. ; Ztt.; Lw. 
 
 atricapilla, Mg. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Lw. atrata, Mg. nigripes, Mg. ; Mq. 
 Fallenii, Mg. rufimana, Lw. geniculata, Mg.; ~Lw.fuscipes, Mg. ; 
 Mq. Nigra, capite antico utrinque ferrugineo, thorads lateribus aureo- 
 vittatis ; Mas. alls nigricantibus apice fuscescentibus ; Fern, ihorace 
 bivittato, alls fuscescentibus. Long. 4-5^ ; alar. 7-10 lin. 
 
 Black, shining. Head ferruginous on each side in front. Epistoma 
 nearly flat. Palpi clothed with black hairs. First, second, and base 
 of the third joint of the antennae clothed with a few black hairs. 
 Thorax with an oblique gilded stripe on each side. Veins of the wings 
 black. Male. Head clothed behind and beneath with black hairs. 
 Epistoma beset with 8 or 10 black bristles. Wings blackish for full 
 half the length from the base, brownish from thence to the tips. Hal- 
 teres luteous, tawny towards the base. Legs clothed with very short 
 tawny hairs, armed with black spines. Fern. Head clothed behind 
 and beneath with dark tawny hairs. Epistoma pale gold-colour or 
 almost white, beset towards the peristoma with a few pale yellow 
 bristles. Thorax clothed with very short tawny hairs, which are inter- 
 rupted by 2 stripes. Wl,ngs brownish, darkest towards the base. Hal- 
 teres tawny. Hind borders of the abdominal segments lurid. Legs 
 thickly clothed beneath with very short pale yellow hairs, armed with 
 tawny spines. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 6. Reinhardi, Wd.; Mg. zw.! ii. 247. 13. pi. 19. f. 19, 24 (1820) ; 
 Mq. ; Zll. ; Lw. Nigra, thorace cinereo-bivittato, alls subcinereis ad 
 costam et ad venas subfuscis, femoribus tibiisque basi fulvis. Long. 6 ; 
 alar. 1 lin. 
 
 Black, shining. Head clothed beneath and behind with tawny 
 hairs. Epistoma slightly convex, partly gilded, thickly beset with 
 pale yellow bristles. Palpi clothed with tawny hairs. First, second, 
 and the base of the third joint of the antennae clothed with a few 
 black hairs. TJiorax with 2 cinereous stripes; sides and metathorax 
 partly cinereous. Wrings pale grey, slightly clouded with brown on the 
 fore border and along the sides of tlie veins ; veins black, tawny at the 
 base. Halteres tawny. Abdomen clothed at the tip with short 
 tawny hairs. Legs armed with tawny spines, clothed with very short 
 tawny hairs ; femora and tibue tawny at tJie base. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 7. Baumhaueri, Mg. zw. ii. 245. 9 (1820) ; Mq. ; Lw. Nigra, 
 thoracis lateribus pectoreque argenteis, disco cinereo nigro-bivittato, alts 
 subcinereis, abdomine nigro-ceneo, segmentortim marginibus posticis 
 apicem versus fulvis, pedibus rufa nigro-vittatis. Long. 4-5 ; alar. 
 7-9 lin. 
 
 Black, shining. Head clothed beneath and behind with short pale 
 yellow hairs. Epistoma gilded, almost flat, beset with a few pale 
 
62 ASILIDJ2. 
 
 yellow bristles. Palpi clothed with tawny hairs. First and second 
 joints of the antennae clothed with a few black hairs. Thorax silvery 
 on each side and beneath, ; the disc cinereous, with 2 slender black stripes. 
 Wings very slightly grey; veins black, slightly clouded with brown 
 towards the base, where they are tawny. Halteres yellow. Abdomen 
 bronze-black ; hind borders of the segments towards the tip dark 
 tawny. Legs red, armed with tawny spines ; femora and anterior tibiae 
 striped with black ; hind tibia black, red at the base ; tarsi black at 
 the base of each joint. 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 Genus V. LEPTOGASTER. 
 
 LEPTOGASTER, Mg. kl. (1804); Fin.; Mq. ; Zll.; Ztt.; Lw. Asilusp., 
 Dg. ; Grfr. ; Fb. ; Shr. Dasypogon p., Fb. Gonypes, LI. ; Mq. 
 
 Corpus medium aut minus, glabriusculum, angustum. Color cinereus, 
 opacus. Oculi virides, unicolores. Proboscis porrecta. Antenna 
 quinque-articulatce, stylatce ; articulus tertius longus ; quartus brevis- 
 simus. Alae breves ; areola mediastinalis aperta. Abdomen fragile, 
 elongatum, sublineare. Pedes inermes, glabriusculi ; tibiae recta3. 
 Onychia nulla. 
 
 Body of middle size, slender, almost bare. Head flat, semicircular ; 
 front contracted. Epistoma flat, furnished with a few bristles. Eyes 
 large, green, in front nearly flat, and composed of large facets. Ocelli 
 3, seated on a tubercle. Proboscis short, horizontal. Labrum short, 
 clavate. Lingua flat, narrow, pointed, as long as the labium, 
 beset above towards the tip with retracted hairs. Maxilla3 flat, 
 narrow, linear, pointed, as long as the lingua. Palpi calvate, almost 
 bare, probably one-jointed ; the tips beset with some short bristles. 
 Labium tumid, excavated above, somewhat dilated in the middle, 
 obtuse and hairy at the tip. Antenna -jointed, porrect, stylate, 
 approximate at the base, diverging upwards ; first and second joints 
 short, equally long, almost cylindrical, somewhat more slender at 
 the base, hardly bristly; third long, clavate, compressed, bare; 
 fourth very short; fifth cylindrical, hairy, pointed. Thorax nearly 
 globose, almost without bristles. Wings narrow, lanceolate, very 
 finely pubescent, with fringed hind borders; mediastinal areolet open. 
 Alulae small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen with 7 segments, bare, 
 slender, very long. Legs slender ; hind legs long, with clavate femora 
 and tibiae. Onychia none. 
 Male. Abdomen cylindrical. 
 
 Fern. Abdomen somewhat widened towards the tip. 
 These flies inhabit meadows during the summer ; their move- 
 ments are slow ; they are remarkable on account of the great 
 length and slenderness of the abdomen. 
 
LEPTID^E. 63 
 
 1. cylindricus, Dg. i. vi. 99. 10 (1752) ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Zll. ; Ztt.; 
 Lw. lividus? Gfr. tipuloides, Fb. ; LI.; Mg. ; Fin. fuscus, Mg. ; 
 Mq. Cervinus, capite subtus albo-piloso, epistomate aurato, thorace 
 fusco-trivittato, alis subcinereis, abdomine fusco-univittato, pedibus 
 fulvis nigro-vittatis, tibiis apice .tarsisque nigris. Long. 2| 6 ; alar. 
 4-7 lin. 
 
 Fawn-colour. Head clothed beneath and behind with whitish hairs. 
 Epistoma gilded, convex, beset with many pale yellow bristles towards 
 the peristoma. Thorax with 3 broad brown stripes, beset with 2 or 3 
 black and yellow bristles. Wings very slightly tinged with grey, 
 rather more than half the length of the abdomen ; veins black, tawny 
 towards the base. Halteres tawny, with pale brown knobs. Abdomen 
 striped with brown along the back, about four times the length of the 
 thorax. Legs tawny, more or less striped with black, beset with a 
 few yellow bristles; tips of the tibiae black; tarsi black, tawny at 
 the base. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 FAMILY YI. LEPTID^E. 
 
 LEPTID.E, Wtw. elf. (1840). Leptides, Mg. ; LI. f. n. ; Mq. ; Ags. ; Ztt. 
 Rhagionides, LI. gen. Tabanii p., Lm. Stratiomydce p., Rfn. Aplocera 
 p., Dmr. Leptidoides, Brm. Leptites, Nwm. Anthracides p., Fin. 
 Rhagiomdae, Lch. ; Ct. Leptina., Rdn. 
 
 Proboscis et palpi porrecti. Ocelli 3. Antennae 4-articulatae, por- 
 rectae, basi approximates, setiformes. Abdomen segmentis 7. 
 Ocelli 3. Proboscis and palpi projecting. Antennae 4-jointed, 
 
 porrect, approximate at the base ; fourth joint setiform. Alulae small. 
 
 Halteres uncovered. 
 
 The genera of this family may be thus divided : 
 
 conical or round : fopen . . 1. LEPTIS. 
 
 Anal areolet< 
 long: SrdjointJ loosed > . 2. CHRYSOPILA. 
 
 transverse . , 3. ATHERIX. 
 
 4th joint of 
 the antennae 
 
 {short 4. PTIOLINA. 
 long ........ 5. SPANIA. 
 
64 LEPTIDJE. 
 
 Genus I. LEPTIS. 
 
 LEPTIS, Fb. s. a. (1805); Mg.; LI.; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. ; Gmtl. 
 Musca p., L.; Gm.; Shr. Nemotelus p., Dg. Rhagio p., Fb. ; Shr.; 
 Mg. kl. ; Pz. ; LI. 
 
 Corpus majoris vel mediae magnitudinis, parum pubescens, elongatum, 
 posterius attenuatum. Color obscurus, ferrugineus, vel cinereus. 
 Oculi senei aut virescentes, unicolores. Antenna articulo tertio 
 conico vel rotunda ; quarto longo. Areola analis aperta. Abdomen 
 plerumque flavcscens, subpellucidum, fasciis vel punctis obscuris. 
 Mas. Oculi conjunct!. Anus obtusus. 
 Fcem. Oculi remoti. Anus acuminatus. 
 
 Body rather narrow, tapering, grey, ferruginous or black, of large 
 or of middle size, rarely small. Head semicircular, somewhat depressed 
 in front ; epistoma with 2 deep furrows, which are somewhat curved 
 downward at the base of the antennae. Eyes generally green; all 
 the facets small. Ocelli 3, on the crown. Proboscis and palpi pro- 
 jecting. Labrum lanceolate, stout, rather short, obliquely truncate at 
 the tip. Lingua slender, very flexible, almost membranous, nearly 
 as long as the labrum. Maxillae slender, acute, as long as the labrum. 
 Palpi subfusiform, biarticulate, very large, decumbent, curved, much 
 longer than the maxillae. Labium very thick, short, cylindrical, furrowed 
 above. Antennae 4-jointed, small, porrect, approximate, seated in the 
 middle of the face ; first and second joints bristly ; first short, cylin- 
 drical ; second cyathiform ; third transverse ; fourth setiform, pubescent, 
 muck longer than the 3 preceding. Thorax globose, with a scapula on 
 each shoulder, and with a transverse suture, which is interrupted 
 beneath ; most often with 3 or 4 darker stripes. Wings lanceolate, 
 moderately large, finely pubescent, diverging ; anal areolet open. 
 Alulae small, entire. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen long, obconical 
 or tapering, pubescent, with 7 segments. Legs slender, moderately 
 long ; tibiae armed with 2 spurs ; tarsi with 3 onychia. 
 Male. Eyes contiguous above. Abdomen obtuse. 
 Fern. Eyes remote. Abdomen attenuated towards the tip ; 3 apical 
 segments tubuliform, retractile. 
 
 These flies appear in summer, and dwell in meadows, hedges, 
 thickets, and woods, and the larger and most common species 
 may be often seen on the trunks of trees, sitting with their 
 heads downward ; they sometimes feed on smaller insects. Their 
 larvae live in the earth, in sand, in manure, and in decayed 
 wood. The pupa of L. scolopacea is brown, cylindrical, bare, 
 with 11 segments, of which the 5 posterior are furnished with 
 a series of little teeth. 
 
LEPTIS. 65 
 
 1. scolopacea, L. fn. 1788 (1761) ; Bg. ; Fb.; Shr. ; Gm. ; Pz. ! 
 fn. xiv. 9 ; Mg. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. ; Gmtl. Cinerea, 
 capite cano, antennis ferrugineis apice nigris, scapulis flavis, scutello 
 apice fulvo, alls limpidis fusco-quadrimaculatis basi et ad costam sub- 
 fuscis, apice et margine postico cinereis, abdomine fulvo interrupte nigro- 
 mttato apice nigro, pedibus fulvis, tarsis nigris ; Mas. thorace cinereo 
 cano-trivittato ; Fcem. thorace cervino fusco-trivittato, abdomine subtus 
 plerumque nigro. Long. 5-6 ; alar. 10-13. 
 
 Grey. Head hoary, clothed beneath and behind with white hairs ; 
 epistoma convex. Proboscis ferruginous, clothed with tawny hairs. 
 Palpi yellow, curved, clothed with whitish hairs. Antennae tawny ; 
 fourth joint black. Thorax hoary ; scapula yellow, extending from the 
 fore border to the base of the wing ; tip of the scutellum tawny. 
 Wings colourless, pale brown at the base and along the fore border, 
 grey at the tips and along the hind border ; 4 brown spots on the 
 transverse veins ; stigma dark brown. Halteres tawny. Abdomen 
 tawny ; an interrupted black stripe along the back ; tip black. Legs 
 tawny ; tarsi black, dark tawny towards the base. Male. First and 
 second joints of the antennae ferruginous. Thorax grey above, with 
 3 hoary stripes. Fern. Thorax fawn-colour, with 3 pale brown stripes. 
 Abdomen beneath black, tawny towards the base and on the hind 
 borders of the segments. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. tringaria, L. s. n. ii. 782 (1763); Gm. ; Fb. ; Shr.; LI. ; 
 Fin. ; Mg. ; Lm. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Gmtl. scolopacea var., Dg. Cinerea, 
 capite cervino, antennis fulvis apice nigris, thorace cervino-trivittato, 
 scutello fulvo, alls subfulvis, abdomine maculis nigris trivittato, pedibus 
 fulvis, tarsis nigris ; Mas. thorace subtus cano, abdominis apice nigro ; 
 Fcem. thorace subtus cervino abdomine fulvo-fasciato apice cinereo. 
 Long. 4-6-i; alar. 10-13 lin. 
 
 Grey. Head fawn-colour, clothed beneath and behind with pale 
 yellow hairs. Proboscis tawny. Palpi yellow, curved, clothed with 
 pale yellow hairs. Antennae tawny ; first joint ferruginous ; fourth 
 black. Thorax with 3 fawn-coloured stripes. Scutellum tawny, 
 shining, darker towards the base. Wings pale tawny ; veins black, 
 tawny towards the base and along the fore border. Halteres yellow. 
 Abdomen with 3 rows of black spots, clothed with short black hairs. 
 Legs tawny, clothed with very short black hairs ; tarsi black, tawny 
 towards the base. Male. Thorax hoary beneath. Tip of the abdomen 
 black. Fern. Thorax pale fawn-colour beneath. Spots of the abdo- 
 men more variable and often less distinct than those of the male ; 
 four last segments grey, with tawny hind borders, much attenuated. - 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 8. vanellus, Fb. s. a. 76. 3 (1805); Fin.; Mg.; Ztt. Cinereo-cervina, 
 antennis nigris fulvo-cinctis, thorace flavo-bivittato, scapulis scutelloque 
 
 VOL. I. K 
 
66 LEPTID.*. 
 
 fulvis, alia subcinereis ad costam fulvis, abdomine fusco fulvo-fasciato, 
 pedibus fulvis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 4- 5 ; alar. 11-12 lin. 
 
 Greyish fawn-colour. Head clothed beneath with pale yellow hairs. 
 Proboscis tawny. Palpi yellow, clothed with long pale yellow hairs. 
 Antenna black; third joint tawny. Thorax with 2 slender yellow 
 stripes ; scapulae and scutellum tawny ; underside hoary. Things pale 
 grey, tawny along the fore border. Halteres tawny. Abdomen brown ; 
 hind borders of the segments tawny. Legs tawny ; tarsi, tips of the 
 hind femora and of the hind tibias brown ; spines of the hind 
 tibia3 red. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 
 
 4. notata, Giirtl; Mg. zw. ii. 95. 11 (l82Q).Heyskami, Ct. ! 
 1). e. xvi. 705. Cinerea, antennis nigris, thorace fusco-quadrivittato 
 subtus cano, alts subcinereis basi et ad costam fulvis, abdomine nigro 
 lateribus basi fulvis, pedibus nigris, femoribus anterioribus apice fulvis, 
 tibiis fulvis apice nigris. Long. 4 ; alar. 10 lin. 
 
 Grey. Head cinereous, clothed beneath and behind with whitish 
 hairs ; epistoma slightly convex. Proboscis black. Antennas black. 
 Thorax with 4 brown stripes, the inner pair hardly divided ; underside 
 and scutellum hoary. TPings pale grey, tawny at the base and along 
 the fore border ; stigma dark brown ; veins black, tawny towards the 
 base. Halteres tawny. Abdomen black, tawny on each side towards 
 the base. Legs black ; tips of the anterior femora tawny ; tibiae tawny, 
 black towards the tips. 
 
 Rare. (E. S.) In the collection of the Entomological Club. 
 
 5. strigosa, Mg. kl. i. 299. 3 (1804); Mq. ; Be.; Gmtl. 
 Cana, antennis ferrugineis apice nigris, thorace fusco-trivittato, scu- 
 tello apice fulvo, alis limpidis basi et ad costam subfulvis, apice et mar- 
 gine postico fuscis, venis transversis fusco-nebulosis, abdomine fulvo 
 maculis nigris trigonis vittato subtus nigro, pedibus fulvis, tarsis nigris. 
 Long. 4 ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Hoary. Head clothed beneath and behind with white hairs ; crown 
 cinereous ; epistoma slightly convex. Proboscis black. Palpi dark 
 tawny, clothed with black hairs. Antenna? ferruginous ; third joint 
 tawny ; fourth black. Thorax with 3 brown stripes ; tip of the scu- 
 tellum tawny. Wings colourless, pale brown at the base and along 
 the fore border ; brown towards the tips and along the hind border ; 
 stigma dark brown ; transverse veins clouded with brown ; veins black, 
 tawny at the base. Halteres tawny. Abdomen tawny ; a large black 
 triangular spot on each segment ; underside black, tawny towards 
 the base. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 6. lineola, Fb. e. s. iv. 275. 17 (1792) ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Rtz. ; 
 Ztt. ; Egb. albifrons, Mg. Cinerea, capite subtus albo, antennis 
 nigris, thorace subtus cano, scutello fulvo, alis limpidis, abdomine 
 
CHBYSOPILA. 6? 
 
 fulvo maculis trigonis nigris vittato apice nigro, femoribus flavis 
 apice fuscis, tibiis fulvis apice nigris, tarsis nigris. Long. 2|-3^ ; 
 alar. 6-8 lin. 
 
 Grey. Head white, clothed beneath and behind with white hairs ; 
 epistoma convex. Proboscis black. Palpi black, clothed with white 
 hairs. Antennae black. Thorax hoary beneath; scutellum tawny. 
 Wings colourless ; stigma large, dark brown ; veins black, tawny 
 towards the base. Halteres tawny. Abdomen tawny, black towards 
 the tip ; a large triangular black spot on the back of each segment. 
 Coxae hoary, femora yellow, with brown tips ; tibiae dark tawny, with 
 black tips ; tarsi black. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 7. inutilis, Wlk. c. d. b. m. i. 213 (1848). Fulva, thorace fusco 
 vittis tribus pallidis, pectore cano, alis fulvo-subcinereis, ventre piceo 
 bivittato ; Mas. abdomine maculis piceis vittato. Long. 3 ; alar. 
 6 lin. 
 
 Tawny. Thorax pale dull brown, with 3 paler stripes ; breast hoary. 
 Wings slightly grey, with a tawny tinge along the fore borders ; wing- 
 ribs and veins ferruginous ; no stigmata. Halteres tawny. Abdomen 
 piceous at the tip and with 2 piceous stripes beneath. Tarsi fen- uginous. 
 Male. Abdomen with a small piceous spot on each segment. Fern. 
 Thorax paler than that of the male. 
 
 Eare. In the British Museum. (E.) 
 
 Genus II. CHRYSOPILA. 
 
 CHBYSOPILA, Mq. d. n. (1827) ; Ztt. d. s. Musca p., L. ; Fb. sp. ; 
 Gf. ; Gml. ; Shr. in. ; Dnv. Bibio p., Shr. fn. Styrex, Spl. Rhagio 
 p., Fb. ; Mg. kl. ; LI. ; Shr. fn. Athene p., Fb. Leptis p., Mg. ; 
 Fin. ; Ct. ; Ztt. i. 1. 
 
 Corpus mediae magnitudinis, tenuiter flavo- vel aureo-tomentosum, 
 
 elongatum, posterius attenuatum. Color niger, cinereus, flavescens. 
 
 Oculi aenei, unicolores. Antenna articulo tertio conico vel rotundo ; 
 
 quarto longo. Areola analis clausa. Pedes graciles. 
 Mas. Oculi conjuncti. Anus obtusus. 
 Fcem. Oculi remoti. Anus acuminatus. 
 
 Body slender, of middle or rather small size, black, grey, or tawny, 
 attenuated towards the tip of the abdomen. Head transverse, broad, 
 half elliptical. Epistoma convex. Ocelli 3, seated on a tubercle. 
 Proboscis short. Labram rather long, hollow, broad, rounded at the 
 tip. Lingua nearly as long as the labrum, but narrower, thickened or 
 reflexed on each side, obtuse at the tip. Maxillae stylate, slightly 
 curved, nearly as long as the lingua. Palpi exserted, cylindrical, stout, 
 
68 LEPTIDjE. 
 
 clavate, bristly, recurved, longer than the maxillae. Labium short, 
 thick, composed of 2 large oval lobes with a few hairs or quite 
 bare. Antennae inserted near the middle of the face, porrect, ap- 
 proximate, compressed ; first joint cyathiform ; second transverse, 
 much shorter than the first ; third short, conical ; fourth setiform, 
 long, pubescent, seated on the tip of the third. Thorax ovate-qua- 
 drate ; scutellum semiorbicular. Wings ample, diverging ; anal areolet 
 closed. Alulae small. Halteres long. Legs long and slender, espe- 
 cially the hind pair; tibiae longer than the femora, with 2 distinct 
 spurs at the tips of the middle pair, and with 2 minute spurs on 
 the hind pair. 
 
 Male. Eyes large, contiguous, composed above of large facets. 
 Abdomen rather short and slender. 
 
 Fern. Eyes smaller, remote ; all the facets small. Abdomen stout, 
 obconical, with a tubuliform tip. 
 
 Moist meadows, marshes, and the leaves of shrubs are the 
 habitation of these insects. 
 
 1. holosericea, Spl. e. c. 998 (1763). aurata, Fb. ; Mg. ; Mq. 
 atrata, Eb. (mas) ; Gml. (mas') ; LI. ; Eln. ; Ztt. ; tomentosa, Fb. 
 (foem.) cingulata, Dnv.! 465. fig. Antennis nigris, alls subfuscis, pedi- 
 bus fulvis. Mas. Atra, aureo-pilosa, pectore cinereo, femoribus nigris. 
 Foem. Cinerea, thorace fusco-trivittato, femoribus fuscis. Long. 3-5 ; 
 alar. 6-8 lin. 
 
 Proboscis, palpi, and antennae black ; palpi clothed with black hairs. 
 Wings slightly tinged with brown ; veins black, pale brown towards the 
 base ; stigma dark brown. Legs tawny, clothed with very short dark 
 tawny hairs. Male. Deep black, thinly clothed with gilded hairs. 
 Thorax dark grey beneath. Halteres black. Tarsi towards the tips 
 and femora black. Fern. Cinereous, thickly clothed with hairs. Thorax 
 with 3 brown stripes, the middle one very slender. Wings often paler 
 than those of the male. Halteres tawny, with black knobs. Femora 
 brown, clothed with gilded hairs ; tips of the tarsi brown. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. aurea, Mg. kl. i. 302. 9 (lSQ3).diadema, Fb.; Mg.; Mq. ; 
 Ztt. ; Ct. ! b. e. 713. longipes, Gf. tipuliformis, Shr. Cinerea, aureo- 
 pilosa, capite cano subtus albo-piloso, antennis nigris, pectore cano, 
 alis limpidis, pedibus fulvis; Foem. abdominefulvo-bivittato, apicefulvo- 
 trifasciato. Long. 2-3 ; alar. 4-6 lin. 
 
 Cinereous, clothed with gilded hairs. Head hoary, clothed beneath 
 and behind with white hairs. Proboscis yellow. Palpi dark tawny 
 with brown tips, clothed with white hairs. Antenna? black. Thorax 
 hoary beneath. Wings colourless; veins black, yellow towards the 
 base. Halteres yellow. Legs tawny ; tarsi brown towards the tips. 
 Male. Stigma brown. Halteres with brown knobs. Fern. Stigma 
 pale brown or tawny. Knobs of the halteres pale brown. Abdomen 
 
ATHERIX. 69 
 
 with a tawny stripe along each side ; 3 last segments attenuated, with 
 tawny hind borders. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 Genus III. ATHERIX. 
 
 ATHERIX, Mg. kl. (1804); Fb. ; LI. ; Mq. Musca p., Gm. ; Fb. sp. ; 
 Mq. Ehagio p., Fb. ; Mg. Leptis p., Fb. Anthrax p., Fb. ; Mg. kl. 
 
 Corpus mediae magnitudinis, subpubescens, elongatum, postice attenu- 
 atum. Color obscurus. Oculi rufo-fusci vel virides, parum aeneo-mi- 
 cantes, unicolores. Antenna articulo tertio transverse ; quarto longo. 
 Mas. Oculi conjunct!. 
 Foem. Oculi remoti. 
 
 Body of middle size, downy, nearly obconical. Head transverse, 
 semicircular, somewhat depressed in front. Epistoma not prominent. 
 Eyes large, green. Ocelli 3, on the crown. Proboscis porrect, not so 
 long as the head. Labrum small, robust, flat, pointed, as long as the 
 labium. Lingua slender, subulate, very acute, nearly as long as the 
 labrum. Maxillae small, rather broad, attenuated, acute, somewhat 
 shorter than the labium, seated beneath the labrum. Palpi much 
 longer than the maxillae, biarticulate, porrect, hairy, curved downward, 
 subcylindrical ; first joint short ; second more than twice the length of 
 the first. Labium thick, submeinbranaceous, hairy, longer than the 
 palpi, tumid beneath, channelled above. Antennae porrect, approxi- 
 mate, much shorter than the head ; first joint cylindrical ; second cya- 
 thiform ; third transverse, flat, oval, larger than the second ; fourth 
 long, setiform, bare, seated on the third near the tip. Thorax a little 
 broader, than the head, with a scapula on each shoulder, and with a 
 transverse suture on the back ; hind angles slightly tuberculated. 
 Wings diverging, finely pubescent. Alulae entire. Halteres uncovered. 
 Abdomen hairy, with 7 segments. Legs rather long; tibiae armed 
 with slender spurs. 
 
 Male. Eyes almost contiguous ; facets above a little larger than those 
 in front. Abdomen almost obconical. Hind legs robust. 
 
 Fern. Eyes more remote ; all the facets small. Abdomen broader 
 and more flat. 
 
 These flies inhabit fields and woods, and are slow in their 
 movements. 
 
 1. Ibis, Fb. e. s. iv. 556 (1792); Mg.; Ct. ! b. e. i. 26; Mq. ; 
 Gr.; Lw.; Gmtl. maculata, Mg. kl. ; LI. Titanus, Fb. (fcem.) ; 
 Mg. kl. Cinerea, thorace fusco-trivittato, alia limpidis fusco confertim 
 maculatis ad costam obscurioribus, pedibus fulvis ; Mas. capite subtus 
 cano, antennis nigris, abdomine fulvo maculis nigris trivittato basi 
 nigro apice nigro-bifasciato, femoribus anticis basi nigris ; Foem. capite 
 
70 LEPTID^E. 
 
 fulvo, antennis ferrugineis, abdomine cinereo maculis trigonis nigris 
 univittato apice fulvo. femoribus anticis fusco-vittatis. Long. 3^5 ; 
 alar. 8-11 lin. 
 
 .Cinereous. Epistoma slightly convex. Proboscis black, with a 
 cinereous covering, clothed with short black hairs. Palpi black, 
 clothed with long black hairs. Thorax with 3 brown stripes, thinly 
 clothed with tawny hairs. Wings colourless, with many large irregular 
 brown spots, which are darker and more confluent towards the fore border ; 
 veins black. Halteres tawny, with brown knobs. Legs tawny, clothed 
 with short black hairs. Femora clothed with tawny hairs ; tarsi black 
 towards the tips. Male. Head clothed with black hairs, hoary and 
 clothed with whitish hairs beneath. Antenna? black, cinereous at the 
 base. Abdomen tawny, clothed with tawny hairs, black at the base ; 
 3 rows of black spots along the back ; spots in the middle row large, 
 triangular ; 2 black bands near the tip ; underside with 3 black spots 
 and 2 black blands. Anterior femora black towards the base. Fern. 
 Head pale yellow, clothed with pale yellow hairs beneath. Antenna? 
 ferruginous, cinereous at the base. Abdomen cinereous ; a transverse 
 black spot on the fore border of every segment whose hind border is 
 tawny. Fore femora striped with brown towards the base. 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 The female of this fly is gregarious, and attaches its eggs in 
 large clusters to boughs hanging over streams, and there re- 
 mains, and shortly dies. The cluster is generally pear-shaped, 
 and sometimes contains many thousands of dead flies, and con- 
 tinually receives accessions by new comers settling upon it. 
 When the larva is hatched it falls into the water, its future 
 residence ; it has a forked tail about one-third of the length of 
 the body, and has the power of raising itself in the water by an 
 incessant undulating motion in a vertical plane. 
 
 2. marginata, Fb. s. i. ii. 413. 6 (1781); Gml. ; Mg.; Mq. ; 
 Zw. ; Ztt. ; Ghntl. Cinerea, antennis nigris, alis fuscis ad costam 
 obscurioribus disco maculatis, abdominis segmentis cano-fasciatis, pedi- 
 bus nigris. Long. 4 ; alar. 8 lin. 
 
 Grey, clothed with black hairs. Epistoma slightly convex. Pro- 
 boscis and palpi black, the latter clothed with long black hairs. An- 
 tennse black. Wings dark brown along two -thirds of the fore border, 
 pale brown at the tips and along the hind border ; some almost colourless 
 spots in the disc; veins black. Halteres tawny, with black knobs. 
 Hind borders of the abdominal segments hoary. Legs black, clothed 
 with very short black hairs. 
 
 Hare. (E.) 
 
 3. crassicornis, Hms. ; Pz. ! fn. cv. 10 ; LI. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. 
 griseola, Fin. Cinerea, subtus cana, antennis ferrugineis apice nigris, 
 
PTIOLINA. 71 
 
 thorace bivittato, alls limpidis basi et ad costam fulvis, pedibus nigris, 
 genubus fulvis. Long. 3 ; alar. 7 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head hoary in front and beneath, clothed with pale 
 yellow hairs. Epistoma flat, broad. Proboscis black, clothed with a 
 few tawny hairs. Palpi cinereous, thickly clothed with tawny hairs. 
 Antenna? ferruginous, black towards the tips. Thorax with 2 darker 
 stripes; underside hoary. Wings colourless, tawny at the base and 
 along the fore border ; stigma pale brown ; veins black, tawny towards 
 the base. Halteres tawny, with darker knobs. Legs black ; knees 
 tawny. 
 
 Rare. (S.) 
 
 Genus IV. PTIOLINA. 
 
 PTIOLINA, Stager; Ztt. d. s. i. 226 (1842). Leptis p., Mn. ; Ztt. 
 
 Atherix p., Mg. 
 Corpus minoris magnitudinis, subpubescens, oblongum, postice parum 
 
 attenuatum. Color niger, cinerascens. Oculi fusci, parum seneo- 
 
 micantes. Antennae articulo quarto brevi. Alas abdomine paullo 
 
 longiores. 
 
 Mas. Oculi conjuncti. 
 Fcem. Oculi remoti. 
 
 Body of small size, slightly pubescent, oblong, cinereous or black ; 
 hinder part not much attenuated. Eyes slightly metallic; facets of 
 moderate size. Ocelli seated on a tubercle. Fourth joint of the an- 
 tennae short. Wings a little longer than the abdomen. 
 
 Male. Eyes contiguous. 
 
 Fern. Eyes remote. 
 
 These flies inhabit fields and woods during the summer, and 
 often rest on leaves and trunks of trees; their movements are 
 slow. 
 
 1. melsena, Hms. ; Mg. ii. 109. 6 (1820). Alis fuscis. Mas. 
 Atra, thorace subvittato subtus cinereo, abdomine subtus fusco. Fcem. 
 Cinerea, capite ferrugineo, thorace nigro-bivittato, pedibus fuscis. 
 Long. 1^- ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Wings brown. Male. Deep black, thinly clothed with short black 
 hairs. Thorax grey beneath. Stigma dark brown ; veins black. Hal- 
 teres large, dark brown. Abdomen beneath brown. Fern. Dark ci- 
 nereous. Head ferruginous. T/torax with 2 indistinct black stripes. 
 Halteres dark tawny, with brown knobs. Legs brown. 
 
 Eare. (E. S.) 
 
 2. immaculata, Fb. s. a. 74. 10 (1805); Mg. Oinerea, capite 
 cano, alls subcinereis, pedibus nigris, tibiis basi fulvis, tibiis anticis pal- 
 lidioribus ; Mas. tfiorace subvittato ; Foem. subtus cana, thorace fusco- 
 trivittato. Long. l-J-2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. 
 
72 BOMBYLID.E. 
 
 Grey. Head hoary and clothed with white hairs beneath. Proboscis 
 and palpi black. Palpi clothed with whitish hairs. AntennaB black. 
 Wings very pale grey ; stigma pale brown ; veins black, tawny at the 
 base. Abdomen clothed with short black hairs. Legs black ; tibia? 
 dark tawny towards the base ; fore tibia? paler. Male. Thorax indis- 
 tinctly striped. Halteres yellow. Pern. Paler than the male. Thorax 
 with 3 brown stripes, hoary beneath. Halteres tawny. 
 
 Common in Darenth wood, Kent. (E.) 
 
 Genus V. SPANIA. 
 
 SPANIA, Mg. zw. vi. 335 (1830) ; Hal. ; Mq. 
 
 Corpus parvum, nigrum. Proboscis exserta. Palpi longi, lineares. 
 
 AntennaB stylata? ; articulus tertius longm ; quartm indistinctm vel ob- 
 
 soletus. Halteres longissimi, clavati. 
 Mas. Oculi contigui. Antenna? articulo tertio stylato. 
 Fcem. Oculi remoti. Antenna? articulo tertio lineari, basi crasso. 
 
 Body small, black, rather dull. Proboscis prominent. Palpi exserted, 
 long, linear. Antenna sty late, longer than the head ; first joint short ; 
 second very short ; third long ; fourth indistinct or obsolete. Halteres 
 clavate, very long. Abdomen tapering from the base to the tip. Legs 
 rather short. 
 
 Male. Eyes contiguous. Third joint of the antenna? stylate. 
 
 Fern. Eyes remote. Third joint of the antennae linear, thick at the 
 base. 
 
 1. nigra, Mg.! zw. vi. 335. 1. pi. 66. f. 12 (1830); ^. 
 (famjy Hal. e. m. i. 162. Atra, subtus cinerea, alis nigricantibus, 
 abdomine nigro-fusco, pedibus piceis. Long. 2 ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Male. Black, grey beneath, clothed with short black hairs. Wings 
 blackish. Halteres, abdomen, and legs piceous. 
 
 Bare; frequents woods. "In moist places of open groves, 
 hovering about and alighting on leaves of evergreens. North of 
 Ireland and Wicklow." Haliday, MSS. (E. I.) 
 
 FAMILY VII. BOMBYLID./E. 
 
 BOMBYLIARII p. et Tabanii p., Lm. Bombyliarii, Anthracii, et Myda- 
 sii (quoad Tkerevd), LI. gen. Tanystoma p., LI. r. a. Anthracina p., 
 E-fn. Sclerostoma p. et Aplocera p., Dmr. Bombyliarii et Anthra- 
 cides, Fin. ; Ztt. Homfylida, Anthracida, et Mydasydts (quoad The- 
 
THEREVA. 73 
 
 reva), Lch. Bombyliarii et Xylotomes, Mg. ; Mq. d. e. ; Ags. ; Lw. 
 Bombylica, Brm. Bombyliites, Anthracites, et Therevites, Nwm. 
 Bombylida, Anthracidce, et Therevidce, Ct. ; Wtw. Bombyliarii, 
 Anthracii, et Xylotoma, Mq. d. Bombylince, Anthracmce> et There- 
 vines, Edn. 
 
 Caput rotundatum aut subtransversum. Frons et vertex non impressa. 
 
 Antennae 4-articulatae ; articulus quartus apicalis. Alas divaricatse. 
 
 Pedes tenues. 
 
 Body hairy, rather narrow, of moderate breadth, or broad. Head 
 snbtransverse or rounded. Crown and front not impressed. Ocelli 3. 
 Antennae 3- or 4 -jointed ; fourth joint apical, very short. Wings half- 
 den 1 exed. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen with 7 segments. Legs 
 slender. The genera may be thus divided : 
 
 Wings { 
 
 ( short : f remote . . 
 Antennae at the base< 
 [long: Proboscis/ UpP roxii nate 
 
 . 2. ANTHRAX. 
 . 3. LOMATIA. 
 
 
 I long : f long . 
 First joint of the antennse-j 
 L short . 
 
 . 4. BOMBYLIUS. 
 . 5. PHTHIRIA. 
 
 Genus I. THEREVA. 
 
 THEREVA, LI. g. c. iv. (1809) ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. Musca p., L. ; 
 Gin. Nemotelus p., Dg. Tabanus p. ? Gf. Bibio p., Fb. ; Mg. 
 kl.; Fin.; Pz. Mydasp., Lm, 
 
 Corpus majoris vel mediae magnitudinis, cylindrico-conicum, sat angus- 
 tum, villosum. Color cinerascens, obscurus, pictura abdominis fas^ 
 ciata. Caput subtransversum. Oculi nudi, virescentes, unicolores. 
 Ocelli 3. Proboscis occulta. Antennae porrectae, 5-articulatae, basi 
 approximatae. Aloe mediocre*, semideflexa. Abdomen obconicum. 
 Mas. Oculi contigui. 
 Fcem. Oculi remoti. 
 
 Body cylindric-conical, of moderate or rather large size, clothed with 
 brown, tawny, or white hairs. Eyes green. Ocelli 3, on the crown. 
 Proboscis withdrawn into the peristoma when at rest. Labrum small, 
 flat, as long as the labium. Lingua small, acute, channelled above. 
 Maxillae small, acute, somewhat shorter than the labrum. Palpi cy- 
 lindrical, one-jointed, hairy on the outside, with a knob at the tip, 
 somewhat longer than the labrum. Labium tumid beneath, chan- 
 nelled above. Antennae 5 -jointed, porrect, as long as the head, 
 
 VOL. I. L 
 
74 BOMBYLID^E. 
 
 closely approximate at the base, diverging towards the tips ; first and 
 second joints bristly ; first cylindrical, moderately long ; second cya- 
 thiform, very short ; third conical, bare, somewhat longer than the first ; 
 fourth and fifth extremely small. Thorax oval, hairy, with bristles 
 intermixed, generally with 3 darker stripes; no transverse suture; 
 scutellum semicircular. Wings lanceolate, of moderate length, half- 
 deflexed, very finely pubescent ; longitudinal veins almost straight. 
 Alulae entire, very small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen obconical, 
 finely pubescent. Legs bristly, rather slender ; tips of the tibise armed 
 with spines. 
 
 Male. Head almost semicircular. Eyes contiguous. 
 
 Fern. Head spheroidal. Eyes more or less parted. 
 
 The Thereva often settle on the ground in sandy spots, and in- 
 habit the leaves of shrubs, the trunks of trees, and flowers ; and 
 sometimes prey on other insects. They are not rare, but never 
 very numerous; their flight is sudden, short, and very swift; 
 the males also sometimes dance together in the air. The larvae 
 are vermifprm, with twenty segments, and live in the earth. The 
 pupae are Dare, pale, nearly cylindrical, with many segments, hardly 
 furnished with bristles, armed in front with 2 subulate little horns, 
 and have been found under stones in sandy plains. The sexes 
 differ in the colour of the pubescence. 
 
 1. bipunctata, Mg. zw. ii. 121. 9 (1820) ; Ztt. ; Lw. Mas. Nigri- 
 cans,flavido-cinereo-tomentosa, abdominis segmentis secundo et sequentibus 
 flavo-marginatis obscure flavido-cinereo-fasciatis, fasciis latis non bene 
 determinatis, alis hyalinis stigmate fusco. Fcem. Cinerascens, frontis 
 maculis duabus nigris nitidis, tJioracis vittis tribus dorsalibus fusco-cine- 
 reis, abdominis segmentis cinereo-fasciatis, apicem versus pilis pallidis rni- 
 nutis. Long. 4-4-- ; alar. 7-8 lin. 
 
 Black. Body with a tawny covering, thickly clothed with tawny hairs. 
 Head with a few black hairs behind the eyes and on the crown. Eirst 
 and second joints of the antennae clothed with tawny hairs, beset with 
 black bristles. Thorax hoary beneath. Wings pale grey, tinged with 
 brown at the base, and beneath the fore border, and along the borders 
 of the veins ; veins black, tawny towards the base and along the hind 
 border. Halteres tawny. Abdomen cinereous beneath. Legs beset 
 with black bristles ; femora clothed with tawny hairs ; tibiaa tawny, 
 with black tips ; first and second joints of the hind tarsi tawny, with 
 black tips ; third joint of the hind tarsi and first joint of the anterior 
 tarsi tawny at the base. Male. Epistoma with a few black hairs on 
 each side. Halteres with black knobs. Abdomen gilded on the hind 
 borders of the segments ; a few black hairs at the tip. Fern. Head 
 clothed with yellow hairs, whitish beneath ; 2 black shining united spots 
 on the crown. Thorax with two pale tawny stripes. Wings a little 
 
THEREVA. 75 
 
 paler than those of the male. Knobs of the halteres brown towards 
 the base. Abdomen gilded above, thinly clothed with tawny hairs ; fore 
 borders of the segments black ; tip black, shining, armed with short 
 tawny spines. 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 2. fulva, Mg. kl. i. 215. 5 (1804) ; Mq. ; Lw. Mas. Fulvo- 
 tomentosa, abdomine immaculato, pilis nigris ante incisuras nullis. 
 Fcem. Breviter fulvo-tomentosa, abdomine immaculato, segmentis septimo 
 et octavo atris nitidis. Long. 5; alar. 10 lin. 
 
 Fern. Body clothed with bright tawny hairs. Head tawny, beset 
 with a few black bristles behind and above the antennae, having in 
 front of the crown a shining black band whose fore border is notched. 
 Mouth ferruginous. Antennae grey ; first and second joints beset 
 with black bristles. Thorax dark fawn-colour ; scutellum paler. Wings 
 pale grey, slightly tinged with pale brown along the borders of the 
 veins, and with tawny along the fore border. Halteres tawny. Abdo- 
 men tawny ; hind borders of the third and following segments black, 
 shining ; underside grey, ferruginous and shining at the tip ; hind 
 borders of the segments yellow. Legs tawny, beset with black bristles ; 
 femora grey, clothed with tawny hairs ; tips of the tibiae and of the 
 tarsi black. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Stephens' s collection. (E.) 
 
 3. cincta, Mg. zw. ii. 117. 2 (1820). Nigra, alls subcinereis, 
 abdomine maculis trigonis cervinis bivittato, tibiis fulvis, tarsis basi fulvis ; 
 Mas. abdominis segmentorum marginibus posticis auratis ; Foem. thorace 
 cervino cinereo-trivittato, scutello cinereo-maculato, abdominis segmento- 
 rum marginibus posticis fulvis. Long. 46 ; alar. 711 lin. 
 
 Black, clothed with tawny hairs. Head whitish, clothed with yellow 
 hairs ; hind part, crown, and sides of the epistoma clothed with black 
 hairs. First and second joints of the antennae clothed with black 
 hairs. Sides and hind part of the thorax beset with some black 
 bristles. Wings pale grey ; veins black, tawny at the base and along 
 the fore border. Halteres tawny, with black knobs. Abdomen with 
 a fawn-coloured spot on each side of every segment. Legs black, 
 beset with black bristles ; femora clothed with tawny hairs ; tibiae 
 tawny, with black tips ; first and second joints of the tarsi tawny at 
 the base ; onychia tawny. Male. Hind borders of the abdominal 
 segments gilded. Fern. Two black shining united spots on the crown. 
 Thorax fawn-colour, with 3 grey stripes ; a grey spot on the scutellum. 
 Hind borders of the abdominal segments fawn-colour. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 4. funebris, Mg. zw. ii. 121. 8 (1820). lugubris, Mg. kl. Ni- 
 gra, flavo-hirta, alis limpidis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus fuscis. Long. 
 3 ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Male. Black, clothed with long yellow hairs. Head clothed with 
 
76 BOMBYLID2E. 
 
 black hairs above the antennae, and with pale yellow hairs below. 
 Wings colourless; veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres 
 tawny, with black knobs. Legs tawny, beset with black bristles ; femora, 
 fore tarsi, hinder tarsi towards the tips, and tips of hind tarsi brown. 
 Bare. In Mr. Stephens' s collection. 
 
 5. plebeia, L. fn. 1779 (1761); Fb. ; Ll. ; Mg. ; m.fasciata, 
 Dg. ; Mg. kl. strigata, Fb. rustica, Fin. Nigra, antennis articulo 
 tertio basi ferrugineo, alls subcinereis basi et ad costam fulvis, abdominis 
 segmentorum marginibus posticis auratis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus nigris. 
 Long. 4-i- ; alar. 8 lin. 
 
 , Black, thickly clothed with tawny hairs. Head clothed beneath with 
 yellow hairs, on the crown and on each side of the epistoma with black 
 hairs. Proboscis ferruginous. First and second joints of the antennas 
 clothed with tawny hairs, beset with black bristles ; third joint ferru- 
 ginous at the base. Wings very pale grey, tawny at the base and along 
 the fore border. Halteres tawny ; knobs ferruginous, with a black 
 ring at the base. Hind borders of the abdominal segments gilded. Legs 
 tawny, beset with black bristles ; femora black, clothed with pale tawny 
 hairs ; tips of the tarsi black. 
 Not rare. (E.S.I.) 
 
 6. annulata, Fb. s. a. 68. 11 (1805); Fin.; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt.; 
 Lw. anilis, Fb. s. i. ; Shr. ; Mg. kl. ; LI. Mas. Undique niveo- 
 tomentosus. Fcem. Albicans, fronte antice nivea postice fusca, alis 
 albidis, abdomine nigro-annulato. Long. 4 ; alar. 8 lin. 
 
 Body hoary. Head silvery white ; a Jfew black bristles behind the 
 eyes. Proboscis and antennas black ; first and second joints of the 
 antennae clothed with white hairs and with a few black bristles. Wings 
 whitish ; veins black, tawny towards the base and along the fore 
 border. Halteres tawny. Legs black, beset with black bristles; 
 femora hoary, clothed with white hairs; tibias tawny. Male. Body 
 thickly clothed with white hairs. Knobs of the halteres yellow, with a 
 black ring at the base. Metatarsus tawny, with a black tip ; second 
 joint tawny towards the base. Fern. Crown cinereous. Thorax clothed 
 with cinereous hairs. Knobs of the halteres tawny. Abdomen clotJied 
 with hoary hairs. Metatarsus tawny at the base. 
 
 Not rare. It has much resemblance to T. anilis, L., which is 
 distinguished from it and from the preceding species by the open 
 fourth posterior areolet. (E. S. I.) 
 
 Genus II. ANTHRAX. 
 
 ANTHRAX, Mg. zw. ii. 141 (1820) ; LI. ; Wdm. ; Fin. ; Ztt. Musca 
 p., L. ; Gm. ; Hbst. Asilus p., L. Nemotelus p., Dg. Bibio p., 
 
ANTHRAX. 77 
 
 Fb. ; Shr. Anthrax p., Fb. ; Pz. ; Mg. kl. Anthrax et Exopro- 
 sopa, Mq. 
 
 Caput magnum, obtuse ovatum, subdepressum, hirsutum. Color 
 niger, hirsutie nigra vel flava. Alee long a. Proboscis brevis. An- 
 tenna basi remotcB. 
 
 Mas. Oculi approximati. Anus obtusus. 
 Fcem. Oculi magis remoti. Anus acutior. 
 
 Body large or of middle size, of moderate breadth, black, sometimes 
 partly red, clothed with various-coloured hairs and down. Head 
 globose, somewhat contracted behind ; epistoma bearded. Eyes reni- 
 form, green. Ocelli 3, on the crown. Proboscis either quite withdrawn 
 into the peristoma, or porrect inclined upward and as long as the head. 
 Labrum small, acute, channelled beneath, as long as the labium. 
 Lingua setiform, stiff, acute, somewhat shorter than the labrum. 
 Maxilla? setiform, stiff, acute, somewhat shorter than the lingua. 
 Palpi short, cylindrical, hairy. Labium cylindrical, channelled above. 
 Antenna 4- or ^-jointed, short, porrect, remote at the base ; first joint 
 cylindrical; second cyathiform; third variously formed; fourth very 
 small; fifth very small when present. Wings long, lanceolate, very 
 finely pubescent, expanded when at rest, generally adorned with spots, 
 stripes, or bands; longitudinal veins much curved. Alula? small. 
 Halteres uncovered, but often hidden by the hairs of the abdomen. 
 Abdomen elliptical or cylindrical, rather long, with 7 segments, slightly 
 convex or almost flat. Legs long, slender; hind legs the longest. 
 Onychia small, wanting in some species. 
 
 Male. Eyes almost contiguous. Abdomen obtuse at the tip. 
 Jem. Eyes a little more remote. Abdomen less obtuse. 
 These flies are among the most beautiful of the Diptera-, 
 they are mostly inhabitants of warm climates, appear only in 
 summer, fly very swiftly in the hot sunshine, and feed on 
 the nectar of flowers. They inhabit open parts of woods, 
 pastures, fields, paths, dry spots, and often bask in the sunshine 
 with expanded wings. Some of their larvae live in the earth ; 
 others are parasitic in Lepidopterous larvae. The species may 
 be thus grouped : 
 a. Third joint of the antenna? tapering gradually from the base to the 
 
 tip. Species 1, 2. 
 
 a a. Third joint of the antenna? very slender, thick at the base. 
 Species 3, 4. 
 
 1. lacchus, Fb. s. a. 123. 21 (1805); Mg.; Mq. ; GmtL Pan- 
 dora, Fb. ; Mg. ; Ct. Megara, Hms. ; Mg. italica, Esi. ; Mg. 
 picta, Wdm. ; Mg. Nigra, ferrugineo-hirta, alls nigricantibus maculatis 
 ferrugineo-variis apice margineque postico limpidis, abdominis lateribus 
 argenteo-maculatis. Long. 4^-5^; alar. 11-13 lin. 
 
 Black. Body clothed with ferruginous hairs. Wings blackish, with 
 
78 BOMBYLIDJS. 
 
 some pale spots, which are most ferruginous at the base, colourless along 
 the hind borders and at the tips ; the outline of the black hue is very 
 irregular, and it extends twice nearly to the hind border : hind borders 
 of the abdominal segments adorned on each side with patches of silvery 
 down. 
 
 Very rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 
 
 2. fenestrata, Fin. d. s. anthr. 8. 4 (1814); Mg. ; Mq.; Ztt. ; 
 Zll. ; Gmtl. morio,~L. maura, Hbst.; Mg.; Lin. ornata, Ct. ! b. e. 
 i. 9. 4. Nigra, capite supra nigro-piloso subtus fulvo-piloso, an- 
 tennis basi fulvis, thorace fulvo-piloso ad alas albo-fasciculato, scu- 
 tello rufo, alls nigro-fuscis fulvo et limpido maculatis apice et margine 
 postico limpidis, abdomine nigro-piloso albo-bifasciato et apice fascicu- 
 late basi utrinque et subtus rufo, pedibus fulvis. Long. 4-^; alar. 
 11 lin. 
 
 Black. Head clothed above with black hairs, beneath with tawny 
 hairs ; sides of the epistoma and of the peristoma tawny ; epistoma very 
 prominent. First and second joints of the antennae clothed with short 
 black hairs. Thorax clothed with tawny hairs ; a large tuft of white 
 hairs at the base of each wing; scutellum red. Things dark brown for 
 three-fourths of the length, colourless towards the tips and along the 
 hind border ; 5 or 6 colourless and 2 pale tawny spots in the brown 
 part; veins black, partly ferruginous. Halteres tawny. Abdomen 
 clothed with black hairs ; 2 interrupted bands of short white hairs on 
 the back, and a tuft at the tip ; sides towards the base and underside 
 red. Legs tawny, covered with yellow scales, beset with short black 
 bristles ; tips of the tarsi black. 
 
 Bare; appears in the south and south-west of England 
 during August and September. (E.) 
 
 3. hottentotta, L. fn. 1787 (1761); Shr. ; Fb. ; Fin.; LI.; 
 Lm. ; Ct. circumdata, Hms. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Grmtl. cingulata, 
 Ahr. ! f. e. iii. f. 19. Nigra, fulvo-pilosa, alls limpidis basi et ad costam 
 fuscis, abdominis apice nigro-trifasciculato ; Mas. alis basi argenteo- 
 squamosis, abdominis apice albo-unifasciculato ; Fcem. abdominis 
 apice flavo-unifasciculato. Long. 5-6 ; alar. 11-13 lin. 
 
 Black, thickly clothed with tawny hairs. Head clothed with some 
 black hairs on the crown and on the epistoma. First and second 
 joints of the antenna? clothed with black hairs. Wings colourless, pale 
 brown at the base and along three-fourths of the fore border; the latter 
 is black, and near the base is tufted with black bristles. Three tufts 
 of black hairs on the tip of the abdomen. Male. A cluster of silvery 
 scales on the base of each wing. A tuft of white hairs on each side of 
 the middle black tuft at the tip of the abdomen. Fern. Abdomen with 
 2 two tufts of yellow hairs at the tip. 
 
 Rare. (E. L) 
 
 4. cingulata, Mg. zw. ii. 145. 3 (1820); Mq.; Ct.; Zll.; Ztt. 
 
LOMATIA. 79 
 
 Nigra, fulvo-pilosa, alis subcinereis, basi et ad costam nigro-fuscis, abdo- 
 minis apice nigro-trifasciculato flavo-albo-unifasciculato. Long. 4^-5 ; 
 alar. 10-12 lin. 
 
 Black, smaller and narrower than A. hottentotta, clothed with tawny 
 hairs; crown of the head clothed with black hairs. Wings pale grey ', 
 dark brown at the base and along four-fifths of the fore border-, the latter 
 is black and near the base is tufted with black bristles. The tawny 
 hairs of the abdomen are less thick than those of A. hottentotta, and 
 hide the bands of shorter pale hairs ; 3 tufts of black hairs at the tip, 
 and a tuft of yellowish- white hairs on each side of the middle black tuft. 
 
 Bare. (E.) 
 
 Genus III. LOMATIA. 
 
 LOMATIA, Mg. zw. vi. 324 (1830); Ct.; Mq.; Zll. ; Ztt. Bibio p., 
 Fb. Musca p., Gm. Anthrax p., Fb. ; Mg. ; Pz. Stygia, Mg. 
 
 Corpus media? magnitudinis, oblongum, sublineare, parum pubescens. 
 
 Color niger, pictura abdominis flavo-fasciata. Proboscis brems. 
 
 Antenna basi approximate. Alas longa. 
 Mas. Oculi connexi. 
 Fcem. Oculi discreti. 
 
 Black, narrow, linear, almost cylindrical, of middle size. Head 
 globose, somewhat contracted Behind. Eyes reniform. Ocelli 3, on 
 the crown. Proboscis nearly as long as the head. Labrum curved, 
 acute, channelled beneath, somewhat contracted in front, shorter than 
 the labium. Lingua stiff, setiform, longer than the labrum. Maxilla 
 stiff, setiform, shorter than the labrum. Palpi short, almost cylindrical. 
 Labium slender, cylindrical, channelled above. Antenna 3-jointed, 
 short, porrect, closely approximate at the base, diverging upwards ; 
 first joint short, thick, bristly, dilated above, obliquely truncate; 
 second cyathiform, shorter than the first; third long, conical, bare, 
 finely pointed at the tip. Thorax oval, without a transverse suture. 
 Wings long, narrow, lanceolate, very finely pubescent, expanded in 
 repose; longitudinal veins curved. Alulas very small, with fringed 
 borders. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen long-elliptical, slightly con- 
 vex, with 7 segments, which have yellow bands. Legs slender ; hind 
 legs long ; onychia 2. 
 
 The habits of these flies appear to be similar to those of the 
 Anthraces-, they frequent dry and sandy spots. 
 
 1. Belzebul, Fb. e. s. iy. 260. 14 (1792) ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ct. ; Lw. ; 
 Gmtl. Nigra, aHs subcinereis costa bistrientefusca, abdominis segmentis 
 interruptefulvo-fasdatis. Long. 5-* 6 ; alar. 13-14 lin. 
 
 Black. Head clothed above with black hairs. Thorax clothed with 
 ferruginous hairs ; a tuft of white hairs behind the base of each wing. 
 
80 BOMBYLID.E. 
 
 Wings pale grey ; a brown stripe along the fore border extending from 
 the base to full two-thirds of the length, where it occupies half the breadth 
 of the wing ; veins black, mostly ferruginous towards the base. Hal- 
 teres ferruginous, with yellow tips. Abdomen clothed with pale yellow 
 hairs ; a tawny interrupted band on the hind border of each segment. 
 Male. Sides of the thorax and of the abdomen clothed with black 
 hairs. Fern. Face clothed with white hairs. A tuft of tawny hairs on 
 each side of the base of the abdomen. 
 
 Very rare ; has been found near Bristol ? (E.) 
 
 2. lateralis, Mg. zw. ii. 140. 3 (1820); Ct. ; Mq.; Z1L; Ztt.; 
 Gmtl. Belzebul, Pz. Nigra, alis subcinereis, costce plus bistriente 
 fusca, abdomine basi luteo-bimaculato, segmentis vix interrupte fulvo- 
 fasciatis. Long. 3-| ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Black. Head clothed above with black, in front with pale yellow 
 hairs. Thorax clothed with tawny hairs ; a tuft of white hairs on 
 each side in front and another behind the base of each wing. Wings 
 pale grey ; a brown stripe extending and widening from the base along 
 the fore border of the wing:, veins black, ferruginous towards the base. 
 Halteres tawny. Abdomen thinly clothed with black hairs ; a luteous 
 spot on each side of the second segment, and on the hind border of each 
 segment a half-interrupted band. Male. Stripe of the wings less than 
 three-fourths of the length and than half of the breadth. Spots on the 
 abdomen small ; hind borders of the segments yellow. Jem. Stripes 
 of the wings more than three-fourths of the length and than half of the 
 breadth. Spots on the abdomen large ; hind borders of the segments 
 luteous. 
 
 Very rare in Britain ; has been found near Bristol ? In the 
 British Museum. 
 
 Genus IV. BOMBYLIUS. 
 
 BOMBYLIUS, L. fn. (1761); Dg.; tfb.; Shr. ; Gm.; Ll. ; Mk. ; Mg.; 
 Mq.; Ztt.; Ct. 
 
 Corpus majoris aut mediae magnitudinis, breviter ovatum, tomento 
 denso tectum. Color corporis niger. Oculi asnei, unicolores. Pro- 
 boscis longa. Antennarum articulus primus longus. Alee long as. 
 Pedes longi, graciles. 
 
 Mas. Oculi connexi. 
 
 Fcem. Oculi contigui. 
 
 Body broad, thick, compact, clothed with long woolly hairs. Head 
 
 rounded ; front flat, narrow, projecting ; epistoma bearded, prominent ; 
 
 peristoma very large. Eyes elliptical, dark green or seneous ; all the 
 
 facets very small. Ocelli 3, on the crown. Proboscis long, porrect, 
 
 slender, horizontal. Labrum very long, lanceolate, acute, channelled 
 
BOMBYLIUS. 81 
 
 beneath, shorter than the labium. Lingua attenuated, broadest at the 
 base, channelled above, very slender and acute at the tip, longer than 
 the labrum. Maxillae entire on both sides, setiform, stiff, acute, curved 
 at the base, shorter than the labrum. Palpi short, cylindrical, curved, 
 clavate, clothed beneath with long hairs. Labium cylindrical, linear, 
 rather stout, channelled above, somewhat thickened at the base, as 
 long as the lingua, terminating in 2 long narrow recurved lobes, which 
 are united at the base by a horny plate ; the latter has 2 points and a 
 slender process in the centre. Antenna 6-jointed, slender, porrect, 
 approximate at the base, diverging, almost as long as the head ; first 
 and second joints clothed with long hairs; first joint long, stout, cylin- 
 drical; second short, cyathiform; third bare, compressed, subulate, 
 more than twice the length of the first ; fourth very short ; fifth longer; 
 sixth nearly oval, much shorter than the fifth. Thorax large, sub- 
 globose; scutellum transverse. Wings lanceolate, long, very finely 
 pubescent, expanded when at rest. Alula3 small, entire. Halteres 
 uncovered, but concealed by* the hairs of the body. Abdomen short, 
 elliptical or cylindrical, with 7 segments ; the last very small, com- 
 pressed. Legs long, very slender, beset with minute bristles; first, 
 second, and third joints of the anterior tarsi armed beneath with 
 spines ; onychia long, slender. 
 
 Male. Eyes generally connected. 
 
 Fern. Eyes parted. 
 
 These flies are generally distributed, and appear during the 
 spring and the summer in gardens and woods, or on sandy heaths 
 and plains ; their flight is rapid, flitting, and humming, and they 
 suck the nectar of flowers while hovering on the wing. The 
 larvae are supposed to live on the roots of plants. 
 
 1. major, Lin. s. n. ii. 1009. 1 (1763); Fb.; LI.; Pin.; Dnv.; 
 Mg.; Kby.; Mq.; Ct. ! b. e. 613. 1; ZU. ; Ztt. ; Gmtl. variegatus, 
 Dg. sinuatus, Mk. vicinus, Mq. Niger, pilis fulvis dense hirtus, 
 capite et thorace subtus albo-pilosis, thorace utrinque pilis albis vit- 
 tato, alls limpidis costa usque ad discum sinuatim fuscis, abdomine 
 subtus pilis albis nigrisque fasciato, pedibus fulvis. Long. 4i 5 ; alar. 
 12-13 lin. 
 
 Body black, most thickly clothed with hairs. Head clothed with 
 tawny hairs, on each side of the epistoma with a few black hairs, and 
 beneath with white hairs. Proboscis nearly as long as the body. Palpi 
 clothed with a few long black hairs, as are also the first and second 
 joints of the antennae. Thorax clothed above with tawny hairs, be- 
 neath with white hairs. Wings colourless ; a dark brown stripe occu- 
 pies the base, extends beneath the fore borders nearly to the tip, and forms 
 3 curves along the disc. Halteres brown. Abdomen clothed with 
 tawny hairs, among which are a few black hairs ; underside clothed 
 
 VOL. I. M 
 
82 BOMBYLID^E. 
 
 with bands of alternate black and white hairs. Legs tawny, beset with 
 a few bristles ; tarsi black towards the tips. 
 
 Generally distributed ; appears in the spring. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. medius, Lin. s. n. ii. 1009. 2 (1763); Dg. ; Fb. ; Shr. ; Dnv. ; 
 LI. ; Mg. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. discolor, Mk.; Mg. ; Mq. concolor, Mk. ; 
 LI. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Zll. Niger, pilis flavis dense hirtus, thorace subtus 
 fulvo-piloso, alls subcinereis basi et ad costam flavo-fuscis fusco- 
 \4f-maculatis, abdomine fulvo-piloso basi flavo-piloso subtus nigro- 
 piloso, dimidio dorsali apicali vittatim argenteo-piloso, pedibus fulvis. 
 Long. 5-6; alar. 12-14 lin. 
 
 Body black, most thickly clothed with hairs. Head clothed with 
 yellow hairs, and on each side of the epistoma with a few black hairs. 
 Proboscis nearly as long as the body. Palpi clothed with a few black 
 hairs, as are also the first and second joints of the antennae. Thorax 
 clothed above with yellow hairs, and beneath with tawny hairs. Wings 
 slightly tinged with grey, yellowish-brown at the base, and along the fore 
 border, beneath which are 14 brown spots. Halteres brown. Abdomen 
 clothed with tawny hairs, at the base with yellow hairs, at the tip and 
 beneath with black hairs, and along half the length to the tip with a 
 stripe of short silvery hairs. Legs tawny ; tips of the tarsi blackish. 
 
 Generally distributed ; appears in the spring. (E.) 
 
 3. ctenopterus, Mk. ! m. b. 45. 8. pi. 3. f. 8 ; Mg. minor? Mg. 
 Niger, pilis flavis vel fulvis dense hirtus, alls limpidis vel subcinereis 
 basi ad discumplus minusve fuscis, pedibus fulvis, tarsis nigris. Long. 
 2|_3i; alar. 7-9 lin. 
 
 Black, very thickly clothed with yellow or tawny hairs ; some black 
 hairs on the crown and on each side of the epistoma. Proboscis much 
 shorter than the body. Palpi clothed with a few long tawny hairs. 
 First and second joints of the antennaB clothed with a few long black 
 hairs. Wings colourless or pale grey, brown at the base, and from one- 
 third to two-thirds of the length beneath the fore border. Halteres 
 tawny. Abdomen with a few black hairs towards the tip. Legs 
 tawny, beset with short black bristles ; tarsi black ; onychia yellow. 
 
 Bare. (E. S. I.) The darker variety of this species seems to 
 correspond with the B. venosus of Mikau or the B. minor of 
 Meigen. 
 
 4. minor, L. s. n. ii. 1009. 4 (1763); Fb. ; Fin.; Ztt. Niger, 
 pilis flavis dense hirtus, palpis fulvis, alls subcinereis basi et bistriente 
 antica basali fuscis, pedibus fulvis, tarsi nigris. Long. 3 ; alar. 8 lin. 
 
 Black, very thickly clothed with yellow hairs. Proboscis shorter than 
 the body. Palpi tawny. First and second joints of the antennae 
 clothed with a few long tawny hairs. Wings pale grey, brown at the 
 base and along two-thirds of the fore border. Halteres yellowish-white. 
 Legs tawny, beset with short black bristles ; tarsi black. 
 
 Bare. (E. S.) 
 
PHTHIEIA. 83 
 
 Genus V. PHTHIRIA. 
 
 PHTHIRIA, Mg. kl. (1804); LI. ; Mq. ; Ct. ; Zll.; Ztt. Folucella p., 
 Fb. ; Fin. Bombylius p., Ol. ; Mk. 
 
 Corpus parvum, oblongum, pubescens. Color obscurus, ciuereus. 
 
 Proboscis longa. Antenna? articulo jprimo btevi. Alee longce. 
 Mas. Oculi connexi. 
 Fcem. Oculi remoti. 
 
 Body short, hairy. Head circular. Ocelli 3, on the crown very 
 minute. Proboscis long, porrect, slender, horizontal. Labrum stout, 
 slightly incurved, acute, channelled beneath, as stout as the labrum and 
 longer. Lingua acute, channelled above, as long as the labrum ; its 
 margin membranous except at the tip. Maxillae slender, a little thicker 
 towards the tips, acute, rather shorter than the labrum. Palpi short, 
 slender, clavate, pubescent. Labium semicylindrical, terminated by 2 
 oval articulated lobes. Antenna 5-jointed, porrect, closely approximate 
 at the base, diverging upwards, somewhat shorter than the head ; first 
 and second joints short, of equal length, beset with a few bristles ; first 
 cylindrical, almost cyathiform ; second transverse ; third large, fusiform, 
 compressed, truncated, twice the length of the first and the second ; 
 fourth and fifth extremely small. Thorax oval, convex; scutellum 
 rather large, transverse, semiovate. Things long, diverging, rather 
 large, much longer than the abdomen, very finely pubescent. Alulae 
 small, entire. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen with 7 segments. Legs 
 long, slender; femora short; hind femora the longest; tarsi much 
 longer than the tibiae ; ungues and onychia very distinct. 
 
 Male. Head as broad as the thorax, very hairy in front. Eyes con- 
 tiguous. Abdomen obconical, obtuse. 
 
 Fern. Head a little narrower, more depressed. Eyes remote. Ab- 
 domen stout, elliptical, flat. 
 
 These flies much resemble the Bombyln in structure and 
 habit ; they inhabit sandy situations, and feed on the nectar of 
 flowers. 
 
 1. gibbosa, 01. enc. iv. 329 (llSty.pulicaria, Mk. ; Mg. ; 
 Ct. ! b. e. 521; Zll. ; Ztt. nigra, Mg. kl. pygmcea,1$\).; LI. cam- 
 pestris, Fin. ; LI. Nigra, capite albido, alis limpidis, halteribus flavis ; 
 Mas. pilis albidis erectis hirta, halteribus nigro-maculatis, abdomine 
 obconico ; Foem. pilis ciriereis incumbentibus hirta, halteribus imma- 
 culatis, abdomine lato ovato. Long. 1-1^ ; alar. 2^-3^- lin. 
 
 Black, with a cinereous covering. Head whitish, and clothed with 
 white hairs beneath. Proboscis more than half the length of the body. 
 Wings colourless. Halteres yellow. Male. Body clothed with whitish 
 erect hairs. Epistoma very prominent, clothed with black hairs. 
 Halteres with a large black spot on the knob. Abdomen tapering from 
 the base to the tip, narrower and a little longer than the thorax. Fern. 
 
84 SCENOPINID^E. 
 
 \ 
 
 Body clothed with cinereous incumbent hairs. Epistoma slightly pro- 
 minent, with very few black hairs. Abdomen oval, as broad as the 
 thorax. 
 
 Eare. (E. I.) 
 
 FAMILY VIII. SCENOPINID^. 
 
 SCENOPINID^:, Ct. ; Wtw. Muscides p., Lm. ; LI. Musddia p., Rfn. 
 
 Scenopinii, Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Ags. ; Lw. Scenopina, Rdn. 
 Epistoma brevissimum, latum, excavatum. Oculi rotundati. Ocelli 3 
 in vertice. Proboscis nuda, retracta. Palpi subcylindrici vel sub- 
 clavati. Antennae triarticulatae ; articulus tertius longus. Alae 
 venis validis ; venae longitudinales 2 in marginem interiorem alae 
 fere descendentes, 2 in ipso alae apice conjunctae ; vena interior mar- 
 ginalis nulla. 
 
 Epistoma very short, broad, excavated. Eyes round. Ocelli 3, on 
 the crown. Proboscis bare, withdrawn. Palpi subcylindrical, sub- 
 clavate. Antennae 3-jointed; third joint long. Wings with robust 
 veins ; 4 longitudinal veins almost reaching the interior border, 2 of 
 them uniting at the tip of the wing ; no interior marginal vein. 
 
 Genus I. SCENOPINUS. 
 
 SCENOPINUS, LI. d. h. n. xxiv. (1803) ; Fb. ; Mg. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ct. ; 
 Ztt. Musca p., L. ; Spl. Nemotelus p., Dg. AtricJiia, Shr. 
 
 Corpus parvum, elongato-lineare, subopacum, glabriusculum. Epistoma 
 minime prominens. Oculi nudi, linea media transversa purpurea 
 saepe notati. Proboscis occulta. Antennae subdeflexae, capite paullo 
 breviores ; articulus tertius elongatus, subcylindricus, truncatus. 
 Alae incumbentes. Areola discoidalis subretracta, basalis. Halteres 
 nudi. Abdomen depressum, segmentis 8. Pedes validi, nudi, 
 mutici. 
 
 Body black, small, long, linear, smooth, rather dull. Head large, 
 semicircular, somewhat compressed in front. Peristoma small, round, 
 at a moderate distance beneath the base of the antennae. Proboscis 
 withdrawn, small, widened at the base. Labrum small, short, broad, 
 hollow, not more than half the length of the palpi. Lingua pointed, 
 very short, hardly one-third of the length of the labrum. Palpi large, 
 clavate, as long as the labium, pubescent, with a few bristles on the 
 inside. Labium short, broad, cylindrical, hollow above. Antennae 
 3-jointed, small, inserted near the middle of the face, porrect, slightly 
 deflexed, approximate at the base ; first and second joints small, some- 
 
SCENOPINUS. 85 
 
 what bristly ; first cyathiform ; second transverse ; third long, pointed, 
 nearly cylindrical, slightly compressed, thickest at the base, obliquely 
 truncated at the tip. Thorax oblong, pubescent, somewhat matted ; 
 scutellum small, transverse, semioval. Wings lanceolate, finely pubes- 
 cent, parallel. Halteres uncovered, with large knobs. Abdomen with 
 8 segments, long, linear, marginated ; first segment very short ; second 
 the longest, with 2 oval hairy spots on the back ; third and following 
 short, transversely wrinkled. Legs short, simple, unarmed. 
 
 Male. Eyes with blackish-blue bands ; facets in the upper part larger 
 than those below. 
 
 These flies are very sluggish; they are found during the 
 summer on the leaves of plants, on walls, and on windows, 
 especially of stables. The two British species may be divided 
 into two sections : 
 
 a. Eyes of the male contiguous. Legs red. Hind tibire simple in both 
 
 sexes. Species 1. 
 a a. Eyes remote in both sexes. Legs black. Hind tibias of the male 
 
 dilated. Species 2. 
 
 1. fenestralis, L. fn. 1845 (1761); Dg.; Fb. ; LI. ; Fin.; 
 Mg. ! iv. pi. 36. f. 17; Mq. ; Ct. ; Zii.spoliata, Shr.sulcicollis, 
 Mgrle. ; Mg. ; Ct. vitripennis, Mg. ; Mq. ; Ct. senilis, Fb. ; Mg. ; 
 Mq. ; Ct. domesticus, Mg. ; Mq. ; Ct. Niger, antennis piceis, alis 
 subcinereis, halteribus pedibusque fulvis ; Mas. thorace sulcato. 
 Long. 2-21 . alar. 3|-4| lin. 
 
 Black. Antenna? piceous. Wings slightly grey. Halteres and 
 legs tawny. Male. Thorax furrowed. 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 2. fasciatus, Spl. e. c. (1763.) niger, Dg. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ct.; 
 Ztt. rugosus, Fb. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ct. ! b. e. 609. 7. tarsatus, Pz. 
 ater, Fin. nigripes, Mgle. ; Mg. ; Ct. Niger, alis nigricantibus, tarsis 
 ferrugineis. Long. 2-2f; alar. 31-5. 
 
 Black. Wings blackish. Tarsi ferruginous. 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 FAMILY IX. EMPIDJB. 
 
 EMPLOYE, Leach, Sam. Comp. 1819. Empides, LI., 1804. Empidii, 
 Fallen, 1810. Empidue, Fallen, 1817. Empides et Hybotides, 
 Mcq. Empidina et Hybotina, End. Empidia, Tacky dromides, 
 Hyboiidce, Ztt. Empidice, Tacky dromia, Hybotince, Mg. 
 
 Antenna porrectse ; articulo tertio exannulato ; stylo vel arista apicali, 
 biarticulate aut exarticulata, rarius subdorsali aut obsoleta. Epi- 
 
86 EMPID^E. 
 
 stoma muticum. Proboscis mento recondite. Alae lobo axillari 
 obsolete ; areola brachiali utraque completa ; anali a margine posteriore 
 distante, nonnunquam obsoleta ; venis externo-mediis binis aut ternis. 
 Abdomen segmentis septem (aut ultra). 
 
 Although this family seems sufficiently defined by the essential 
 characters, it is not easy to give a more extended description 
 that will be applicable generally, so many are the modifications 
 of the secondary characters. They are generally small insects, 
 and rather slender : the head more or less globose, and usually 
 much narrower than the thorax : the vertex not impressed ; the 
 front narrow, sometimes entirely occupied by the eyes meeting 
 above the anteniiee ; the epistoma without moustache or bristles, 
 and without a defined orbit : the cheeks vary. The proboscis is 
 often long, and usually rigid, the pointed horny labrum being the 
 most conspicuous part : the development of the other organs 
 varies ; the maxillae at first being found almost as well developed 
 as in the BombyUda, and bearing the palpi attached to their base 
 (Empis, &c.) ; but in the greater number of genera the maxillae 
 become obsolete, and even where small rudiments of them remain, 
 as in Hybos, the palpi are detached from them and inserted at 
 the sides of the mentum.'* The palpi are usually of one piece, 
 rarely presenting another small joint at the base ; their propor- 
 tions, form, and direction vary.f The antennae are horizontally 
 extended, and present the ordinary 3 joints, the last being undi- 
 vided : but the first is sometimes so short and so closely attached 
 to the second, that it may be overlooked, unless the antennas are 
 removed from the head. At the end of the third joint, which is 
 often elongated, there are usually two much more slender joints 
 forming a style or arista, the first of the two joints being very 
 short. Sometimes this first joint disappears. More rarely the 
 arista is placed a little before and above the tip of the third joint 
 (Ocydromia) or disappears entirely (Euthyneura myricce). The 
 thorax is usually compressed, the vertical diameter equalling or 
 exceeding the longitudinal. The transverse suture of the meso- 
 notuin before the wings is widely interrupted in the middle, or is 
 merely commenced at each side. The mesosternum is but little 
 inclined out of the vertical plane, and is covered by the fore coxae. 
 The wings present considerable variation in the veining. In 
 many the cubital vein is forked, as in the series of families pre- 
 
 * Wiedemannia, and a few allied genera, differ most widely from the first type 
 of structure, and approach that of the Dolichopida. 
 
 t The mcntum being short and withdrawn into the oval cavity ; the proboscis 
 has no apparent joint at the base. 
 
87 
 
 ceding; but the anal areolet is small and not prolonged towards 
 the posterior margin. Sometimes the costal vein is continued 
 more faintly round the posterior margin, in others it vanishes 
 about the tip of the wing. In the remaining genera of the 
 family the cubital vein is simple, as in the families which follow ; 
 and sometimes (as in most of them) there are but two externo- 
 medial veins, more frequently, however, three. But the most 
 important distinctive character of the wings of the Empidte is to 
 be found in the disappearance of the rounded axillary lobe, a 
 condition which prevails among the Nemocera, but which this 
 family has in common with the Dolichopidte and Lonchopterida 
 only among the Brackycera. Some genera of the Platypezida 
 (Platycnemia, Opetia) nearly agree with the Empida in this, and 
 form the transition. And the same peculiarity re-appears among 
 the Asilida in one genus (Leptogaster) , which in other respects, 
 even as to the wings, is abundantly distinguished from the Empida. 
 Among the Syrphida, also, this lobe is scarcely apparent in the 
 genera Ascia, Sphegina, and Baccha ; but the two families differ 
 so widely in most respects, that it seems needless to particularize 
 the characters which remove them from a place here. The scutellar 
 alulae are undeveloped. The legs vary much in form and clothing. 
 The fore coxse, though inserted at some distance from the inter- 
 mediate pair, are long enough to pass beyond the base of these, 
 and in some genera (Hemerodromia, Phyllodromia], they are as 
 long as the femora. The abdomen, of 7 or 8 segments, is usually 
 compressed in the male, and nearly linear, or subclavate, the 
 appendages of the hypopygium being directed upwards and 
 towards the back. In the female the last segments are generally 
 much attenuated, and the tentacles of the vagina protruded. 
 
 As has been observed, the want of the axillary lobe to the 
 wings distinguishes the Empidcs from most of the other families 
 of Brackycera. From the Dolichopida they differ in the greater 
 amplitude and completeness of the brachial areolets, and in the 
 number of abdominal segments. The smaller head, with convex 
 vertex, and the slender and often elongated proboscis, destitute 
 of the remarkable cavity at the end, afford subsidiary characters. 
 The unarmed epistoma, rounded tip of the wings, and fewer 
 joints of the aristae, separate them from the Lonchopteridee* 
 
88 
 
 EMPLOYE. 
 
 I 
 
 ' 
 
 (* much longer than the head 1. EMPIS. 
 
 < about as long as the head, straight 2. HILARA. 
 
 I much shorter than the head, incurved 3. RAG AS. 
 
 f vanishing at the tip of the wing ...... .: 4. 
 
 3 r interrupted by f oblong ovate, in- 
 a 11 notch under I dining forwards 5. 
 
 the posterior 
 margin : Cheeks- 
 
 the eyes : Head | oblate spheroidal, 
 
 
 
 'S3 
 
 rl 
 
 11! 
 
 get 
 
 [S3 g ** 
 
 L vertical . 
 
 .prolonged under the eyes . 
 shorter than the terminal arista . 
 
 "S^-2 Tlonger than the head-j 
 J J I- hori 
 
 r perpendicular 
 
 L 
 
 horizontal . . 10. 
 shorter than 
 
 thehead: r curved, shorter than femora 11. 
 Hind tibiae ( 
 
 * straight, as long as femora 12. 
 
 1st and 2nd forming a fork; no discal areolet 
 
 13 
 
 very short: r conical, with the arista at the tip 14. 
 3rd joint of anten.-j 
 
 ^ oval, with the arista above the tip 1 5 . 
 
 longer than the head, horizontal 16. 
 
 apparent . . 17. 
 
 shorter than rmuch shorter ("elongated, co- 
 proboscis : than pobrachial: 1 nical . 18. 
 Prsebrachial J 3rd j. of anten. 1 short ovate, 
 
 areolet I L or round 19. 
 
 .none : 
 Palpi 
 
 Mahout as long as pobrachial . 20. 
 long as proboscis 21. 
 
 {simple 22. 
 forked . , ,23. 
 
 BKACHYSTOMA. 
 
 ARDOPTERA. 
 
 HELEODROMIA. 
 
 WlEDEMANNIA. 
 
 SCIODROMIA. 
 RHAMPHOMYIA. 
 
 EUTHYNEURA. 
 
 (EDALEA. 
 
 MlCROPHORUS. 
 
 CYRTOMA. 
 LEPTOPEZA. 
 
 OCYDROMIA. 
 
 HYBOS. 
 PLATYPALPUS. 
 
 ELAPHROPEZA. 
 
 DRAPETES. 
 
 CHERSODROMIA. 
 
 TACHYDROMIA. 
 
 PHYLLODROMIA. 
 
 HEMERODROMIA. 
 
 * The discal areolet is sometimes incomplete between the first and second externo-medial veins ; 
 so that these are detached, but the second and third are connected in a fork : the reverse of what 
 happens in Cyrtoma. 
 
EMPIS, 89 
 
 Genus I. EMPIS. 
 
 EMPIS, Mq. zw. iii. 15 (1822). Asilus p., L. Empis p., L. ; Dg. ; 
 Fb. ; Shr. ; Fin. Empis et Paehymerina, Mq. 
 
 Corpus majoris, mediae, aut minoris magnitudinis, oblongum, saepe 
 pilosum, parum nitidum. Color niger, raro testaceus. Caput 
 rotundum. Proboscis tenuis, capite multo longior. Antennae 5- 
 articulatae, porrectae, capitis longitudine ; articulus tertius conicus, 
 compressus, quinto longior ; quartus brevissimus ; quintus setiformis. 
 Thorax ovatus. Alae longae, obtusae ; vena tertia cubitalis furcata ; 
 areola discoidalis venas 3 in marginem interiorem emittens. Pedes 
 plerumque simplices, non incrassati ; posteriores elorigati ; coxae 
 femoribus breviores. 
 
 Mas. Oculi contigui. Abdomen cylindricum; anus obtusus, saepe 
 filatim appendiculatus aut vesiculosus. Pedes quam in foemina ple- 
 rumque longiores. 
 
 Fcem. Oculi remoti. Proboscis quam in mare saepe longior. Abdomen 
 oblongum, apice acuminatum. Femora posteriora interdum pennata. 
 Body of large, middle, or small size, oblong, often hairy, seldom 
 shining, black, rarely testaceous. Head round, small, somewhat con- 
 tracted behind. Ocelli 3. Proboscis much longer than the head, 
 slender, perpendicular or inclined downward, most often applied to 
 the breast. Labrum arched, as long as the labium, or rather shorter. 
 Lingua slender, as long as the labrum. Maxillas bristly, shorter than 
 the labrum. Palpi clavate, short, recurved, hairy. Labium almost 
 cylindrical. Antennae 5-jointed, porrect, approximate at the base, as 
 long as the head; first and second joints bristly; first cylindrical; 
 second cyathiform, about half the length of the first ; third subulate, 
 compressed, longer than the fifth ; fourth very short ; fifth stylate. 
 Thorax oval. Wings rather long, obtuse, very finely pubescent, incum- 
 bent, parallel ; cubital vein forked, costal vein vanishing about the tip 
 of the wing ; discoidal areolet emitting 3 veins to the interior border. 
 Halteres uncovered. Abdomen with 7 segments, with rows of punc- 
 tures along the sides, sometimes four on each segment. Legs slender, 
 of various structure ; coxa shorter than the femora. 
 
 Male. Eyes contiguous. Abdomen cylindrical, obtuse, and often 
 with long curved filaments at the tip, which is sometimes tumid. Legs 
 generally longer than those of the female. 
 
 Fern. Eyes parted by a narrow front. Proboscis often longer than 
 that of the male. Abdomen oblong, acuminated at the tip, with an 
 articulated oviduct. Hind femora sometimes feathered. 
 
 These insects inhabit woods, hedges, fields, moors, and other 
 localities, where they find their prey, which chiefly consists of 
 small Diptera ; they also feed on the lesser Ephemerida, and the 
 
 VOL, I. N 
 
90 EMPIDJS. 
 
 female of the larger species is always preying on some little 
 insect during the pairing. The species may be thus grouped : 
 
 a. Hind femora slender. 
 b. Body black or grey. 
 
 c. Legs not fringed nor clavate. Body generally large. 
 
 Species 1-6. 
 
 cc. Legs fringed or clavate. Body small. Species 7-19. 
 b b. Body pale. Species 20-24. 
 a a. Hind femora thick. Species 25. 
 
 1. tessellata, Fb. e. s. iv. 405. 10 (1792); Fin.; LL; Mg. ; 
 Mq. ; Ztt.; Ct. livida, Fb. Cinerea, antennis nigris, thorace nigro- 
 trivittato, alis cinereis basi et ad costam ferrugineis, abdomine tessellato, 
 pedibus ferrugineis. Long. 4| 5 ; alar. 11-12 lin. 
 
 Grey, thickly clothed with black hairs and bristles. Proboscis black ; 
 lancets ferruginous. Antennae black ; first and second joints clothed 
 with long black hairs ; third long-conical, much longer than the first 
 and the second; fifth about half the length of the third. Thorax 
 with 3 linear black stripes. Wings dark grey, ferruginous at the base 
 and along the fore border ; veins black, ferruginous towards the base. 
 Halteres bright ferruginous. Abdomen cinereous, tessellated. Legs 
 ferruginous, clothed with long hairs and bristles ; tibiaa beset with long 
 stout bristles ; tips of the tarsi black. 
 
 Generally distributed ; appears in the spring. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. borealis, L. fn. 1895 (1761); Dg. ; Shr. ; Fb.; Fin.; Mg. 
 Ztt.; Mq. ; Ct. ! b. e. 18. Mgra, thorace cinereo nigro-quadrivittato, 
 alis latis ferrugineo-fuscis, pedibus ferrugineis, femoribus tibiisque 
 posterioribus apice tarsis posterioribus pedibusque anticis rufo-fuscis. 
 Long. 3-3 ; alar. 7 -9 lin. 
 
 Black, hairy. Lancets ferruginous ; palpi beset with a few black 
 bristles. First and second joints of the antenna beset with black 
 hairs ; third lanceolate, much more than twice the length of the first 
 and the second ; fifth very short. Thorax grey, with 4 black stripes. 
 Wings ferruginous-brown ; stigma dark brown ; veins brown, tawny 
 towards the base. Halteres tawny. Legs ferruginous, clothed with 
 black hairs ; coxae grey ; fore legs, except the base of the femora, 
 posterior tarsi, and tips of posterior femora and tibias reddish-brown. 
 Male. Wings broad. Legs darker than those of the female. Jem. 
 Wings very broad, but varying in breadth. 
 
 Eare ; appears in the spring ; has been found in Lancashire 
 andWicklow. (E.I.) 
 
 3. livida, Lin. s. n. ii. 1003. 3 (1763); Dg. ; Shr.; LI. ; Fin.; 
 Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Ct. lineata, Fb. Cinerea, antennis nigris, thorace 
 nigro-trivittato, halteribus pedibusque fulvis, tarsis nigris ; Mas. alis 
 
EMPIS. 91 
 
 ferrugineo-cinereis, abdomine ferrugineo ; Foem. alis limpidis, abdomine 
 fusco. Long. 3^; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Cinereous, thinly clothed with black hairs and bristles. Lancets 
 pale yellow. Antennae black. Thorax with 3 black stripes. Stigma 
 dark brown, very slender ; veins black, tawny at the base. Halteres 
 tawny. Legs tawny, clothed with short black hairs and bristles ; 
 tarsi black, dark tawny at the base. Male. Facets of the eyes rather 
 larger than those of the female. Proboscis black, much longer than 
 that of the female, tawny towards the base. Wings ferruginous, grey. 
 Abdomen ferruginous. Fern. Proboscis ferruginous, black at the base. 
 Wings colourless. Abdomen brown. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 4. opaca, Fb. s. a. 138. 7 (1805) ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ct. rujipes, Fb. 
 Cinerea, antennis nigris, thorace nigro-quadrivittato, alis subferrugineis, 
 halteribus fulvis, abdomine nigro, pedibus rufis, femoribus tibiisque 
 apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 3-3-i- ; alar. 8-8-J lin. 
 
 Cinereous, thinly clothed with black hairs and bristles. Proboscis 
 black ; lancets ferruginous ; palpi yellow, beset with a few black 
 bristles. Antennae black ; first and second joints clothed with black 
 hairs ; third lanceolate, as long as the first and the second. Thorax 
 with 4 black stripes. Wings slightly ferruginous ; no stigma ; veins 
 brown, tawny towards the base. Halteres tawny. Abdomen black 
 and shining above. Legs pale red, thinly clothed with black hairs and 
 bristles ; coxaa, tarsi, and tips of the femora and of the tibiae black. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) The larva and the pupa live in 
 the earth, and the latter is armed with spines. 
 
 5. unicolor ? Brulle, exp. m. 639 (1832); Mq. d. i. 327. 1 (1834). 
 Nigra, thorace cinereo-subtrivittato, alis subcinereis ad costam subfulvis, 
 halteribus fulvis. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6-8 lin. 
 
 Black, shining. Thorax with 3 indistinct grey stripes. Wings very 
 pale grey, with a slight tawny tinge along the fore border ; veins brown, 
 tawny towards the base. Halteres tawny. Male. Clothed with black 
 hairs. Fern. Clothed with pale hairs. 
 
 Very rare. In the collections of the Entomological Club and 
 of Mr. Saunders. (E.) 
 
 6. lucida, Ztt. i. 1. 561. 3 (1840). Nigra, alis subfuscis, halteri- 
 bus luteis. Long. 2-2-i ; alar. 5-6 lin. 
 
 Black, slightly shining, thickly clothed with black hairs and bristles. 
 Third joint of the antenna? lanceolate, very much longer than the first 
 and the second ; fifth not more than one-fourth of the length of the third. 
 Wings pale brown-, stigma black, very narrow; veins black, tawny 
 towards the base. Halteres luteous. Metatarsi very slightly dilated. 
 
 Generally distributed, especially abundant on moors and moun- 
 tains of the north. (E. S.) 
 
92 EMPIDJE. 
 
 7. brnnnipennis, Mg. zw. iii. 32. 30. (1822); Ct. Nigra, alls 
 fuscis, halteribus fulvis, pedibus non clavatis vix ciliatis. Long. l|-2 ; 
 alar. 3^-4^- lin. 
 
 Black, slightly shining, very slightly tinged with grey, thinly clothed 
 with black hairs and bristles. First and second joints of the antennae 
 clothed with short black hairs ; third longer than the first and second ; 
 fourth much more than half the length of the third. Wings brown ; 
 stigma dark brown ; veins black. Halteres tawny. Male. Hind legs 
 slightly ciliated, not clavate. Fern. Hind legs hardly ciliated. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 8. Bistortse, Mg. zw. iii. 29. 22(1822); Mq.; Ct. Cinerea, 
 antennis nigris, thorace fusco-quinquevittato, alls limpidis, halteribus 
 flavis, pedibus nigro-fuscis, tarsis nigris. Long. 2 ; alar. 44 lin. 
 
 Grey, thinly clothed with black hairs. Lancets dark ferruginous. 
 Palpi pale yellow. Antennae black; first and second joints clothed 
 with short black hairs ; third much longer than the first and second ; 
 fifth more than half the length of the third. Thorax with 5 brown 
 stripes. Wings colourless ; no stigma ; veins black, yellow towards the 
 base. Halteres pale yellow. Legs dark brown; tarsi black. Male. 
 Hind tibiae slightly clavate. Hind metatarsi slightly dilated. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 9. chioptera, Tin. d. s. emp. 21. 31 (1815); Mg.; Mq. ; Ztt.; 
 Ct. crassipes, Shr. dnerea, antennis halteribus pedibusque nigris; 
 Mas. alis lacteis; Foem. alis cinereis. Long. 1^-li; alar. 3-3^ lin. 
 
 Gri'ey, clothed with white hairs and a few black bristles. Proboscis 
 and lancets black. Antennae black ; first and second joints thinly 
 clothed with short black hairs ; third conical, longer than the first and 
 second ; fourth and fifth like a short spine, not more than one-fourth 
 of the length of the third. Halteres black. Legs black, thinly clothed 
 with whitish hairs. Male. Wings milk-white ; fore border black along 
 nearly half the length to the tip ; veins pale yellow. Fore metatarsi 
 and hind metatarsi dilated, fusiform. Fern. Wings grey ; veins black, 
 tawny towards the base. Hinder femora compressed, fringed. 
 
 Generally distributed; appears in the spring. (E. S. I.) 
 
 10. decora, Mg. zw. iii. 22. 9. pi. 22. f. 8 (1822); Mq.; Ct. Ci- 
 nerea, antennis nigris, alis limpidis, venis basifiavis, abdomine pedibusque 
 nigris. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Grey, clothed with white hairs. Proboscis black, much more than 
 half the length of the body. Antennae black. Wings colourless ; veins 
 bright yellow towards the base. Halteres yellow. Abdomen and legs 
 black, shining. Male. Tip of the abdomen clothed beneath with tawny 
 hairs. Fern. Legs fringed with black hairs. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 
 
 11. pennipes, L. s. n. ii. 1003. 2 (1763); Fb.; Pz. ! fn. kxiv. 
 
EMPIS. 93 
 
 18; LI.; Mg.; Mq.; Ztt.; Ct- pennata, Shr. -ciliata, Mg. kl. ; Fin. 
 longirostris, Mg. kl. Nigro-cinerea, antennis nigris, tkorace niffro- 
 quadrivittato, alls nigro-fuscis, halteribus fulvis, abdomine pedibusque 
 nigris. Long, ly-lf-; alar. 4^-5 lin. 
 
 Greyish-black, clothed with black hairs and bristles. Proboscis, 
 lancets, and palpi dark brown. Antennae black; first and second joints 
 clothed with short black hairs ; third longer than the first and second ; 
 fifth like a spine, nearly half the length of the third. Thorax with 4 black 
 stripes ; outer pair indistinct. Wings dark brown ; stigma blackish ; 
 veins black. Halteres tawny. Abdomen black, shining. Legs black, 
 thickly clothed with short black hairs. Fern. Tibiae and posterior 
 femora fringed with long black hairs. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 12. pennaria, Fin. d. s. emp. 20. 9 (1815); Mg.; Mq.; Ztt.; 
 Ct. Cinerea, antennis nigris, alis sublimpidis, halteribus ftavis, pedidus 
 nigro-fuscis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Cinereous, clothed with black hairs. Proboscis black ; lancets pale 
 yellow. Antennas black ; first and second joints clothed with short 
 black hairs ; third conical, much longer than the first and the second ; 
 fifth stylate, hardly half the length of the third. Wings almost colour- 
 less; no stigma; veins black, tawny at the base. Halteres pale 
 yellow. Legs dark brown, clothed with black hairs. Male. Hind 
 tibiae slightly clavate ; hind metatarsi slightly dilated. Fern. Posterior 
 femora and hind tibiae fringed. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 13. vemalis, Mg. zw. iii. 27. 19 (1822); Ztt.; Ct. Cinerea, 
 antennis nigris, halteribus flavis, pedibus fulvis, tarsis fuscis ; Mas. alis 
 albo-hyalinis, pedibus posticis subincrassatis ; Fcem. alis subeinereis, 
 femoribus posterioribus tibiisque posticis ciliatis. Long. 1| ; alar. 
 3 lin. 
 
 Grey, thinly clothed with black hairs. Proboscis black; lancets 
 tawny. Antennae black; third joint longer than the first and the 
 second ; fifth much more than half the length of the third. Halteres 
 yellow. Legs dark tawny, clothed with short black hairs ; tarsi brown. 
 Male. Wings white. Hind legs slightly incrassated. Fern. Wings 
 slightly grey ; veins black, tawny towards the base. Posterior femora 
 and hind tibiae ciliated. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 14. lepidopus, Mg. zw. iii. 23. 12 (1822) ; Ct. Nigro-cinerea, 
 antennis nigris, alis nigro-fuscis, halteribus fulvis, pedibus nigris. 
 Long. If ; alar. 3^ tin. 
 
 Greyish-black, thinly clothed with black hairs. Proboscis black; 
 lancets tawny. Antennae black ; first and second joints clothed with 
 short black hairs ; third longer than the first and the second ; fifth 
 more than half the length of the third. Wings dark brown ; stigma 
 
94 EMPID.E. 
 
 blackish; veins black. Halteres tawny. Legs black, clothed with 
 short black hairs ; posterior femora and tibiae deeply ciliated. 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 15. albinervis, Mg. zw. iii. 26. 16 (1822). Cam, antennis 
 nigris, alls albis, abdomine nigro nitido, pedibus piceis. Long. 1J; alar. 
 Silin. 
 
 Hoary. Proboscis black, near half the length of the body. An- 
 tennae black. Wings white ; veins yellowish- white. Halteres yellow. 
 Abdomen black ; shining. Legs pitchy. Male. Fore metatarsus slightly 
 dilated. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 
 
 16. leucoptera, Mg. zw. iii. 27. 18 (1822); Ct. Cinerea, an- 
 tennis nigris, halteribus fulvis, pedibus nigris ; Mas. alis albidis ; Item. 
 alls subfusds. Long. 1-j- If ; alar. 3-3^ lin. 
 
 Dark grey, thinly clothed with black hairs. Proboscis black. An- 
 tennae black ; third joint a little longer than the first and the second ; 
 fifth nearly as long as the third. No stigma ; veins black, yellow to- 
 wards the base. Halteres tawny. Legs black. Male. Wings wliitish. 
 Hind tibiae very slightly clavate ; hind metatarsi very slightly dilated. 
 Fern. Wings slightly tinged with brown. Legs hardly ciliated. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 17. vitripennis? Mg. zw. iii. 25. 15 (1822); Mq.; Ct. Cinerea, 
 antennis nigris, alis subfuscis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis apice tarsisque nigris. 
 Long. 1^-1-J; alar. 3|-4 lin. 
 
 Cinereous, thinly clothed with black hairs. Proboscis black ; lancets 
 dark ferruginous ; palpi pale yellow. Antennae black ; first and second 
 joints clothed with short black hairs ; third longer than the first and 
 the second ; fifth more than half the length of the third. Wings pale 
 brown-, no stigma; veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres 
 tawny. Legs tawny ; tarsi and tips of the tibice black. Male. Hind 
 tibiae very slightly clavate ; hind metatarsi very slightly dilated. Fern. 
 Posterior femora and hind tibiae ciliated. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 18. pilipes, Mg. zw. iii. 31. 29 (1822); Ct. Cinerea, antennis 
 nigris, thorace fusco-quinquevittato, alis limpidis, halteribus luteis, pe- 
 dibus fulvis ; Mas. abdomine fulvo aut fusco. Long. 2-2 ; alar. 
 5-5| lin. 
 
 Light grey, thinly clothed with black hairs. Proboscis dark tawny, 
 with a black tip ; lancets tawny. Antennae black ; first and second 
 joints tawny, clothed with black hairs ; third as long as the first and 
 the second ; fourth very short. Thorax with 5 brown stripes. Wings 
 colourless ; no stigma ; veins black, yellow towards the base. Halteres 
 luteous. Legs tawny. Male. Abdomen tawny or dark brown. Fern. 
 Abdomen black. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
EMPIS. 95 
 
 19. nigritarsis, Mg. zw. iii. 32. 31 (1822); Mq.; Ct. Nigra, 
 alls limpidis, halteribus flavo-albis, abdominis basi utrinque albo-piloso, 
 pedibus fulvis albo-hirtis, coxis posterioribus genubus posticis tarsis et 
 tibiis apice nigris. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Black, shining. Head and thorax thinly clothed with hairs, grey be- 
 neath. Lancets ferruginous. First and second joints of the antennae 
 clothed with a few short hairs ; third lanceolate, much more than twice 
 the length of the first and of the second ; fifth about one-fourth of the 
 length of the third. Wings colourless; stigma brown; veins black, 
 tawny towards the base. Halteres yellowish-white. Abdomen clothed 
 with long whitish hairs on each side towards the base. Legs tawny, 
 thinly clothed with long whitish hairs, which are most prevalent on the 
 tibiae ; posterior coxa, hind knees, tarsi, and tips of the tibiae black ; 
 hind tarsi towards the base and tips of the hind tibiaa dilated, especially 
 in the male. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 20. stercorea, L. fn. 1899 (1761) ; Shr. ; Fb. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; 
 Ct. Lutea, capite cinereo, antennis nigris, thorace nigro-univittato, 
 alis limpidis, halteribus flavis, abdomine nigro-trivittato, pedibus flavis, 
 tarsis ferrugineis. Long. 3^ ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Luteous, shining, clothed with a few black hairs and bristles. Head 
 cinereous. Proboscis luteous, black towards the tip. Antenna black ; 
 first and second joints clothed with black hairs; first long, linear; 
 second very short ; third tapering much longer than the first ; fifth 
 about half the length of the third. Thorax with a black linear stripe. 
 Wings colourless ; stigma pale brown, very narrow ; veins black, tawny 
 at the base. Halteres yellow. Abdomen with 3 black stripes. Legs 
 yellow, long, slender ; tarsi ferruginous. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 21. ignota, Mg. zw. vi. 338 (1830) ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Vl.punctata, 
 Fin. ; Mg. dorsalis ? Ct. Lutea, capite supra cinereo, antennis nigris, 
 thorace cinereo fusco-trivittato, alis subcinereis, halteribus flavis, abdo- 
 mine nigro-trivittato, pedibus luteis, tarsis nigris. Long. 2f ; alar. 
 7 lin. 
 
 Luteous, clothed with a few black hairs and bristles. Head grey 
 above. Lancets luteous, with black tips. Palpi yellow. Antenna? 
 black ; first and second joints clothed with short black hairs. Disc of 
 the thorax grey, with 3 brown stripes. Wings pale grey ; stigma very 
 pale brown, very narrow ; veins black, tawny towards the base. Hal- 
 teres yellow. Abdomen with 3 black stripes ; the middle ,one much 
 broader than the outer pair. Legs luteous, clothed with very short 
 black hairs ; tarsi black. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 22. trigramma, Hms. ; Mg. zw. iii. 38. 42 (1822) ; Ztt.ptmctata 
 var. y, Fin. Lutea, antennis nigris, thorace cinereo-trimttato fusco- 
 
96 EMPID^E. 
 
 univittato, metathoracis disco nigro-cinereo, alls sublimpidis, halteribus 
 flavis, abdomine nigro-trivittato, pedibus luteis, tarsis nonnunquam 
 nigris. Long. 2-3 ; alar. 6-8 lin. 
 
 Luteous, clothed with a few black hairs and bristles. Head with a 
 large black spot behind the eyes. Proboscis black, lancets luteous. 
 Antennas black ; first and second joints clothed with short black hairs. 
 TJwrax with 3 greyish-black stripes ; the middle one including a brown 
 stripe; the side pair short. Disc of the metathorax greyish-black. 
 Wrings colourless or very pale grey ; stigma very pale brown, very 
 narrow ; veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres pale yellow. 
 Abdomen, with 3 black stripes; the middle one much broader than 
 the side pair. Legs luteous; tarsi black, sometimes tawny, with 
 black tips. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 23. testacea, Tb. s. a. 141. 20(1804); LL; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ct. 
 scutellata? Ct. Lutea, antennis nigris basi flavis, thorace nigro-uni- 
 vittato ferrugineoque bimttato, alis limpidis, halteribus flavis, abdominis 
 segmentorum marginibus posticis nonnunquam nigris aut nigro-maculatis, 
 pedibus fulvis. Long. 2 ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Luteous, hardly shining, clothed with a few black hairs and bristles. 
 Proboscis black, tawny towards the base. Lancets luteous, with 
 black tips. Palpi yellow. Antenna black; first and second joints 
 yellow; third yellow towards the base. Thorax with a slender black 
 stripe, on each side of which there is a slender ferruginous stripe ; a 
 brown spot on each side before the base of the wing. Wings colourless ; 
 stigma tawny, very indistinct ; veins brown, yellow towards the base. 
 Halteres pale yellow. Fore borders of the abdominal segments sometimes 
 black, or with a black spot on each side. Legs tawny; tibias darker 
 than the femora ; tarsi darker than the tibiae, their tips brown. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.S.I.) 
 
 24. lutea, Mg. zw. iii. 37. 40 (1822); Ct. ochracea? Ct. 
 Lutea, antennis nigris, alis limpidis, halteribus flavis, pedibus fulvis, 
 tarsis fuscis. Long. 2-2^ ; alar. 6-7 lin. 
 
 Luteous, shining, clothed with a few black hairs and bristles. Pro- 
 boscis brown ; lancets tawny, with black tips. Antennas black. Wings 
 colourless ; no stigma ; veins brown, tawny towards the base. Halteres 
 yellow. Legs tawny ; tibias darker than the femora ; tarsi pale brown. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 25. femorata, Fb. s. a. 140. 14 (1804); LI. ; Mg. ! iii. pi. 22. 
 f. 20. ; Mq. ; Ct. ruralis, Mg. Scotica, Ct. Cinerea, antennis 
 nigris, thorace fusco-quinquevittato, halteribus fulvis, pedibus ferrugi- 
 neis, femoribus nigris crassis ; Mas. alis subfuscis ; Fcem. alis limpidis. 
 Long. 3 ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Cinereous, clothed with black hairs and bristles. Proboscis black, 
 brown at the tip ; lancets ferruginous ; palpi black. Antennas black ; 
 
HILAKA. 97 
 
 first and second joints clothed with black hairs ; third conical, rather 
 broad, much longer than the first and the second ; fifth like a spine, 
 less than half the length of the third. Thorax with 5 brown stripes. 
 Stigma small, pale yellowish-brown ; veins brown, tawny towards the 
 base. Halteres tawny. Legs ferruginous, clothed with short black 
 hairs ; femora black, with ferruginous tips ; hind femora thick, beset 
 with black bristles; knees tawny; tips of the tarsi black. Male. 
 Wings very slightly tinged with brown. Hind tibiae and hind tarsi 
 pale yellow. Fern. Wings colourless. 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 Genus II. HILARA. 
 
 HlLARA, Mg. zw. iii. 1 (1822); Ct. ; Mq. ; Hal.; Ztt. 
 Eb. ; Mn. ; Mg. Bibio p., Pz. Tacliydromia p., Fb. 
 
 Corpus parvum aut minutum, raro mediae magnitudinis, oblongum, 
 
 subpilosum. Color uiger vel cinerascens, rarissime ferrugineus. 
 
 Oculi in utroque sexu disjunct!. Proboscis crassa, recta, capitis 
 
 longitudine. Palpi recurvi. Antennae 5 -articulate, porrectaB; arti- 
 
 culus tertius subnlatus, supra compresaus, quinto longior; quartus 
 
 minimus ; quintus setiformis, gracilis, brevis. Alarum vena costalis 
 
 furcata ; areola discoidalis venas 3 in marginem interiorem emittens. 
 
 Coxa femoribm breviores. 
 
 Mas. Oculi approximate Abdomen cylindricum ; anus obtusus, crassus, 
 
 appendiculatus. Metatarsi antici saspissime incrassati. 
 Fcem. Oculi inagis remoti. Abdomen oblongum, apice acuminatum. 
 Metatarsi antici simplices. 
 
 Body small, rarely of middle size, oblong, slightly hairy, black or 
 greyish, very rarely ferruginous. Head small, spheroidal. Eyes 
 parted. Ocelli 3, on the crown. Proboscis straight, perpendicular, 
 thick, about as long as the head. Labrum semicircular, clavate, cleft 
 at the tip, as long as the labium. Lingua lanceolate, as long as the 
 labium. MaxillaB flat, obtuse, thin along the edges, half the length 
 of the labium. Palpi formed of one fleshy joint, clavate, curved up- 
 wards, very pilose beneath, as long as the maxillee. Labium long, 
 large, very membranous on the upper surface. Antenna 5 -jointed, 
 porrect, approximate at the base ; first and second joints bristly ; first 
 short, cylindrical, longer than the second; second cyathiform; third 
 subulate, compressed above, more than twice the length of the second, 
 longer than the fifth ; fourth very minute; fifth setiform, slender. 
 Thorax oval, with humeral scapula? ; scutellum small. Wings ciliated, 
 incumbent, parallel ; cubital vein forked, costal vein attenuated around 
 the posterior margin of the wing ; discoidal areolet emitting 3 veins 
 to the interior border. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen with 7 seg- 
 VOL. i. o 
 
98 EMPID^. 
 
 ments. Legs slender, almost equal in length. Coxae shorter than the 
 femora. 
 
 Male. Eyes more contiguous than those of the female. Abdomen 
 cylindrical, compressed and recurved at the tip. Fore metatarsi most 
 often dilated. 
 
 Fern. Eyes more remote. Abdomen oblong-, pointed at the tip. 
 Fore metatarsi slender. 
 
 The Hilarae feed on smaller insects, chiefly on Diptera, and 
 also on the nectar of flowers. They assemble in swarms, and 
 dance together over water during the fine summer evenings ; 
 sometimes myriads may be seen near the surface of a river, flying 
 in continual succession and in opposite directions, and appearing 
 like a stream of light. " The myriads of Hilarte, which fill the 
 air over rivulets hi summer, form a pretty spectacle. Their 
 evolutions in the air are graceful and regular. At one time they 
 revolve in circles, horizontal or oblique, so that the spectator sees 
 two or more streams crossing each other, and seeming to inter- 
 lace. At another time, without perceptible cause, the whole 
 multitude sweep away simultaneously in one direction (as if a 
 rush of wind had borne them off), and then return more leisurely 
 to their former station. . It is difficult to single out any indi- 
 vidual among the multitude, so as to trace its course." 
 Haliday, MSS. The genus may be thus divided : 
 
 a. Fore metatarsus of the male incrassated. Species 1-19. 
 a a. Fore metatarsus of the male simple. Species 20. 
 
 1. cilipes, Mg. zw. iii. 3. 1 (1822) ; Ct. ! b. e. 130. Nigro- 
 cinerea t antennis nigris, alia fuscis, halteribus fuscis basi fulvis, pedibus 
 nigris, genubus ferrugineis. Long. 2 ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Greyish-black, hairy. Proboscis, palpi, and antenna? black. Wings 
 brown ; stigma blackish ; veins black, tawny at the base. Halteres 
 brown, tawny towards the base. Legs black ; knees ferruginous. 
 Male. Fore metatarsus and following joint dilated, clothed with long 
 black hairs. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. matrona, Hal. e. m. i. 158 (1833). spinipes, Ztt. Nigricans, 
 alis fumatis, halteribus et femoribus luteis ; Mas. metatarso antico 
 dilatato elliptico, margine ciliato. Long. 2 ; alar. 5^ lin. 
 
 Black. Wings blackish-brown ; stigma darker. Halteres, coxae, 
 femora, and half of fore tibia, as well as the base of the posterior tibiae, 
 dingy yellow. Male. Fore metatarsus and following joint dilated, 
 clothed with long black hairs. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 
 
 3. maura, Fb. s. i. ii. 471. 4 (1781); FJn. ; Mg.; Zii.globu- 
 
HILARA. 99 
 
 lipes, Hms. ; Mg. Cinerea, antennis nigris, thorace nigro-trivittato, 
 alls cinereis, halteribus fuscis basi fulvis, pedibus nigro-fuscis. Long. 2 ; 
 alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Grey, hairy. Proboscis, palpi, and antenna black. Thorax with 3 
 black stripes. Wings grey ; stigma brown ; veins black, tawny towards 
 the base. Halteres brown, tawny towards the base. Legs blackish- 
 brown ; knees tawny. Male. Fore metatarsus and following joint dilated. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 4. chorica, Fin. d. s. emp. 24. 18 (1815); Mg. ; Ztt. Nigra, alis 
 fuscis, halteribus pedibusque nigro-fuscis. Long. 1^- ; alar. 3^ Hn. 
 
 Black, hairy. Wings brown ; stigma blackish ; veins black. Hal- 
 teres and legs blackish-brown. Male. Fore metatarsus dilated, oval. 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 5. clypeata, Mg. zw. iii. 4. 4 (1822); Mq. ; Ztt. Nigra, pectore 
 cinereo, alis limpidis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2^ lin. 
 
 Black, hairy. Thorax tinged beneath with grey. Wings colourless ; 
 stigma dark brown ; veins black ; apical transverse vein almost straight 
 at the base. Male. Fore metatarsus dilated, oblong. 
 
 Eare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E. I.) 
 
 6. nigrina, Fin. emp. 24. 19 (1815) ; Mg. zw. pi. 22. f. 5 ; Mq. ; 
 Ztt. Nigra; Mas. alis nigricantibus ; Fcem. alis sublimpidis. Long. 1 ; 
 alar. 2f Hn. 
 
 Black, hairy. Stigma dark brown ; veins black. Male. Wings 
 blackish. Fore metatarsus slightly dilated. Fern. Wings nearly colour- 
 less. Hind tibiae slightly clavate. 
 
 Eare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E. I.) 
 
 7. manicata, Mg. zw. iii. 5. 6 (1822); Mq. ; Ztt. Nigro-fusca 
 cinereo suffusa, antennis nigris, alis subcinereis, halteribus fuscis, pedi- 
 bus ferrugineis. Long. H ; alar. 3| lin. 
 
 Blackish-brown, tinged with grey, hairy. Proboscis, palpi, and an- 
 tennaB black. Wings slightly grey ; stigma dark brown ; veins black. 
 Halteres dark brown. Legs ferruginous. Male. Fore metatarsus di- 
 lated, oval. 
 
 Not common. In the collection of the Entomological 
 Club. (E.) 
 
 8. pilosa, Ztt. d. s. i. 342. 9 (1842). interstincta, Mg. 
 senilis? Pz. fn. liii. 3. Nigra, thoracis vittis tribus pectoreque cinereis, 
 alis sublimpidis, halteribus fuscis, genubus ferrugineis. Long. 1; 
 alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Black, hairy. Thorax with 3 grey stripes ; underside grey. Wings 
 nearly colourless', stigma dark brown; veins black. Halteres very 
 dark brown. Knees ferruginous. Male. Fore metatarsi dilated, oval. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
100 EMPLOYE. 
 
 9. interstincta, Pin. d. a. emp. 24. 17 (1815) ; Ztt. modesta, 
 Mg. Nigro-fusca, dnerascens, antennis pedibusque nigris, thorace fusco- 
 trivittato ; Mas. alis limpidis ; Fosm. alis fuscis. Long. 2^; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Blackish-brown, tinged with grey, hairy. Proboscis, antennae, and 
 legs black. Thorax indistinctly striped. Stigma blackish-brown; 
 veins black, tawny at the base. Halteres pitchy, with black knobs. 
 Male. Wings colourless. Pore metatarsus slightly dilated. Fern. Wings 
 brown. 
 
 Hare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E. I.) 
 
 10. fuscipes, Pb. e. s. iv. 4. 6. 14 (1792); Mg.; Mq.; Ztt. 
 plumbea, Pb. ; Mg. albida, Mg. Cinerea, antennis nigris, thorace 
 fusco-bivittato, alis subcinereis, halteribus flavis ; Mas. pedibus nigris ; 
 Fosm. pedibusfuscis. Long. 1^-2; alar. 3-4 lin. 
 
 Grey, hairy. Proboscis, palpi, and aritennse black. Thorax with 2 
 brown stripes. Wings very slightly tinged with grey ; stigma brown ; 
 veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres yellow. Legs ferru- 
 ginons. Male. Legs black', fore metatarsi dilated, fusiform. Fern. Legs 
 dark brown. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 11. pminosa, Mgrle. ; Mg. zw. iii. 7. 10 (1822). Cana, antennis 
 nigris, alis albidis, halteribus flavis apice fuscis, pedibus fuscis. Long. 
 1 ; alar. 3^ Hn. 
 
 Fern. Hoary, slightly hairy. Proboscis, palpi, and antennae black. 
 Wings whitish ; stigma dark brown, long and narrow ; veins brown, 
 yellow towards the base. Halteres pale yellow, with brown knobs. 
 Legs pale brown ; knees yellow. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 12. quadrivittata, Wd. ; Mg. zw. iii. 7. 11 (1822) ; Mq. ; Ztt. 
 intermedia, var. minor, Pin. Cinerea, antennis nigris, thorace fusco- 
 quadrivittato, alis subcinereis costts versus apicem obscurioribus, halteribus 
 fuscis, pedibus nigro-fuscis. Long. If ; alar. 4^ lin. 
 
 Dark grey, haiiy. Proboscis, palpi, and antennae black. Thorax 
 with 4 brown stripes. Wings slightly grey, darker along the fore border 
 towards the tips ; stigma brown ; veins black, tawny towards the base. 
 Halteres brown. Legs blackish-brown ; knees tawny. Male. Pore me- 
 tatarsus dilated, long-oval. 
 
 Bare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E. S.) 
 
 13. lurida. Pin. d. s. emp. 22. 13 (1815); Mg.; Ztt. Nigro- 
 cinerea, antennis nigris, thorace fusco-bivittato, alis subcinereis, halteribus 
 fuscis basi ful vis, abdomine basifulvo,ped$usfulvis, tarsis nigris. Long. 
 If ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Greyish-black, hairy. Proboscis, palpi, and antennae black. Thorax 
 with 2 indistinct brown stripes. Wings pale grey ; stigma brown ; veins 
 black, dark tawny at the base. Halteres brown, tawny at the base. 
 
HILARA. 101 
 
 Abdomen dull tawny towards the base. Legs dull tawny ; tarsi black ; 
 metatarsi dull tawny. Male. Fore metatarsi slightly dilated. 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 14. litorea, Fin. d. s. emp. 24. 20 (1815); Mg. ; Mq.; Ztt. 
 univitatta, Mg. Atto-dnerea, antennis nigris, alis limpidis, halteribus 
 ferrugineis, pedidus fulvis. Long. If ; alar. 4^ lin. 
 
 Cinereous-white, clothed with pale hairs and black bristles. Proboscis 
 dark ferruginous. Antenna3 black. Wings colourless ; stigma pale 
 brown ; veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres ferruginous. 
 Legs tawny. Male. Fore metatarsus fusiform, dilated. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 15. tenella, Fin. d. s. emp. 25. 21 (1815); Mg.; Ztt. Caw, 
 antennis nigris, alis subferrugineis, halteribus flavis apice fuscis, abdo- 
 mine cano-fulvo, pedibus fulvis vel flavis, tarsis fuscis. Long. If ; 
 alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Hoary j slightly hairy. Proboscis, palpi, and antennae black. Wings 
 with a very slight ferruginous tinge ; stigma brown ; veins black, tawny 
 towards the base, Halteres pale yellow, with brown knobs. Abdomen 
 dull tawny, with a hoary covering. Legs tawny, sometimes yellow ; tarsi 
 brown. Male. Fore metatarsi slightly dilated. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 16. nana, Mq. d. n. 111. 4 (1827) ; Mg. Atra, alis nigricantibus. 
 Long. \\ ; alar. 2^ lin. 
 
 Deep black, hairy. Wings blackish ; stigma and veins black. Male. 
 Fore metatarsi dilated, nearly round. 
 i Not very common. (E.) 
 
 17. recedens, n. Cinerea, capite antennisque nigris, thorace 
 fusco-bivittato, alis cinereis, halteribus flavis, pedibus nigris. Long. 1 ; 
 
 alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Grey, slightly hairy. Head, proboscis, and antennae black. TJtorax 
 with 2 brown stripes. Wings grey ; stigma and veins black. Halteres 
 pale yellow. Legs black. 
 
 Bare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 18. rufipes? Mq. d. n. 114. 13 (1827); Mg. Nigro-cinerea, 
 antennis nigris, alis subcinereis, halteribus fuscis basi fulvis, tarsis 
 nigris ; Mas. pedibus fuscis ; Fcem. pedibus fulvis. Long. 2-2| ; alar. 
 5-5f lin. 
 
 Greyish-black, hairy. Proboscis, palpi, and antenna black. Wings 
 pale grey ; stigma dark brown ; veins black, dark tawny at the base. 
 Halteres brown, tawny at the base. Tarsi black. Male. Legs brown ; 
 knees tawny ; fore metatarsi much dilated. Fern. Legs tawny ; tarsi 
 tawny towards the base. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
102 EMPID.E. 
 
 19. thoracica, Mq. d.n. 115. 14 (1827); Mg. Fulva, antennis 
 nigris, alls cinereis, tarsis fuscis ; Mas. abdomine fusco. Long. 2 ; 
 alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Tawny, shining >, slightly hairy. Proboscis, palpi, and antenna black ; 
 fourth joint of the antenna longer than the third. Wings grey ; stigma 
 brown ; veins black, tawny towards the base ; fork of the third longi- 
 tudinal vein long, much curved near the base. Tarsi brown. Male. 
 Abdomen brown. Fore metatarsi very long, slightly dilated. 
 
 Common in woods ; not gregarious. (E.) 
 
 20. obscura, Mg. zw. iii. 11. 20 (1822). Nigra, alls sublimpidis, 
 halteribus pedibmque fuscis, tarsis nigris. Long. 1J ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Black y hairy. Wings almost colourless ; stigma dark brown ; veins 
 black. Halteres dark brown. Legs brown ; knees tawny ; tarsi black. 
 Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 Genus III. RAGAS. 
 
 BAGAS, Wlk. e. m. iv. 229 (1837). 
 
 Proboscis incurva, capite multo brevior. Antenna 5 -articulates ; arti- 
 
 culus tertius quinto longior. Alarum vena cubitalis furcata. Coxae 
 
 femoribus breviores. 
 
 Proboscis incurved, much shorter than the head. No maxilla. Palpi 
 obovate. Antenna with the first joint shortest ; third joint longer than 
 the fifth. Wings with the cubital vein forked. Coxa slwrter than the 
 femora. 
 
 Male. Proboscis shorter. Middle femora with an erect spine at the* 
 middle of the underside. 
 
 1. unica, Wlk. e. m. iv. 229. 1 (1837). Atra, pubescens, alis 
 nigro-fuscis ad costam obscurioribus. Long, f-1 ; alar. 1 J 1 lin. 
 
 Black, dull, rather short, not hairy. Proboscis slender, twice the 
 length of the head. Wings dark brown ; no stigma. Abdomen 
 tapering, a little longer than the thorax. Legs moderately long. 
 
 Bare ; appears in woods. In the collections of the Entomo- 
 logical Club and of Mr. Haliday. (E. I.) 
 
 Genus IV. BRACHYSTOMA. 
 
 BEACHYSTOMA, Mg. zw. iii. 12 (1822); Mq. Brachystoma^., Ztt. 
 
 Proboscis capitis longitudine. Antenna 4-articulata3 ; articulus primus 
 cylindricus ; secundus cyathiformis ; tertius conicus, quarto brevior ; 
 quartus longissimus, setiformis. Alarum vena cubitalis furcata; 
 costalis ad ala apicem desinens. Coxa femoribus breviores. 
 
ABDOPTERA. 103 
 
 Proboscis projecting, perpendicular, as long as the head. Antennae 
 porrect, 4-jointed ; first joint cylindrical ; second cyathiform ; third 
 conical, shorter than the fourth ; fourth very long, setiform. Wings 
 incumbent and parallel in repose ; cubital vein forked ; costal vein 
 vanishing at the tip of the wing. Coxes shorter than the femora. 
 
 1. longicornis, Mg. ! zw. iii. 12. 1. pi. 22. f. 6, 7 (1822) ; Mq. ; 
 Ztt. Nigra, gracilis, subtus nigro-chalybea, alis subcinereis, halteribus 
 pedibusque fulvis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 2-| ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Body very slender, black, with a slight tinge of chalybeous, which 
 prevails most beneath. Proboscis dark tawny. Antennae black, very 
 long and slender. Wings pale grey ; stigma pale brown. Halteres 
 tawny. Legs tawny ; tibia3 much darker than the femora ; tarsi brown ; 
 hind tarsi black. 
 
 Very rare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E. I.) 
 
 Genus V. ARDOPTERA. 
 
 ARDOPTERA, Mq. d. n. (1827). Leptosceles, Hal. 
 
 Corpus gracile. Caput nutans, oblongo-ovatum ; gence sub oculis inter- 
 rupts ; epistoma lineare, attenuatum. Oculi magni, ovati, approxi- 
 mati. Proboscis brevis, crassa, palpis incumbentibus. Antenna 
 4-articulatae ; articulus primus minutus ; tertius ovatus, compressus, 
 quarto brevior ; quartus longissimus, setiformis. MSB incumbentes ; 
 vena cubitalis furcata ; vena costalis marginem posticum attingens. 
 Pedes graciles ; coxce femoribus breviores ; coxae anticae longae. 
 Body slender. Head oblong-ovate, inclining forwards ; cheeks inter- 
 rupted by a notch under the eyes ; epistoma linear, attenuated. Eyes 
 large, oval, approximate. Proboscis short, thick; palpi incumbent. 
 Antennae 4-jointed ; first joint small ; third oval, compressed, shorter 
 than the fourth ; fourth very long, setiform. Wings incumbent and 
 parallel in repose; cubital vein forked; costal vein attenuated around 
 the posterior margin. Coxa shorter than the femora ; fore coxae long ; 
 onychia and empodium small, this scarcely thickened. 
 
 1. irrorata, Mn. d. s. emp. 13. 17 (1815); Hal.; Mg. Nigro-aenea, 
 capite argenteo, antennis nigris, thorace albo fasciato et utrinque notato, 
 alis cinereis albo-guttatis ad costam subfuscis, halteribus flavis, pedibus 
 fulvis, tibiis tarsisque apice fuscis. Long. 1-1 \ ; alar. 2-2^ lin. 
 
 Body aeneous-black. Head silvery. Eyes black when dead. Pro- 
 boscis, palpi, and antennas black ; third joint of the antennae conical, 
 compressed, a little longer than the two preceding ; fourth more than 
 twice the length of all the preceding. A whitish stripe on the thorax, 
 and some white marks in front and on each side. Wings grey, brownish 
 along the fore border, chequered with white spots, which are largest and 
 
104 EMPID^. 
 
 most distinct near the fore border, and are almost wanting in the middle 
 of the disc; veins black, slightly waved. Halteres yellow. Legs 
 tawny ; hinder coxae and tips of the tibiae and of the tarsi brown. 
 Inhabits damp woods. (E. I.) 
 
 2. guttata, Hal. irrorata, Mg. zw. iii. 66. 9 (1822). exokta v., 
 Hal. Nigro-aenea, capite argenteo, antennis nigris, thorace albo fas- 
 ciato et utrinque notato, alis cinereis, margine postico apiceque maculis 
 sex limpidis, venis fusco-nebulosis, halteribus flavis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis 
 tarsisque apice fuscis. Long. 1-1 ; alar. 2-2|- lin. 
 
 Male and Fern. Body aeneous-black. Head silvery. Proboscis, 
 palpi, and antennae black; third joint of the antennae conical, com- 
 pressed, a little longer than the two preceding ; fourth more than twice 
 the length of all the preceding. Thorax with a white stripe, and with 
 some white marks in front and on each side. Wings grey, brownish 
 along the borders of the veins, with 6 colourless spots along the hind 
 border and at the tips. Halteres yellow. Legs tawny ; tips of the 
 tibiae and of the tarsi brown. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 Genus VI. HELEODROMIA. 
 
 HELEODROMIA, Hal.; Wtw. class. (1840). Empis p., Fin. suppl. 
 Hemerodromia p., Mg. Heleodromia p., Hal. e. m. i. 159; Ct. 
 Hydrodromia, Mq. Paramesia, Mq. Brachystoma p., Ztt. 
 
 Caput verticale, oblato-orbiculatum, genis infra oculos non continuis, 
 epistomate indiscreto. Proboscis crassa, descendens, palpis incumbenti- 
 bus. Antenna b-articulata ; articulus tertins quinto brevior, apice 
 attenuatus ; quintus setiformis, breviuscula, curvata. Ales vena cubi- 
 tali furcata, externo-mediis 3 ex areola discali oblongo hexagona 
 excurrentibus. Coxae femoribus breviores ; empodium incrassatum ut 
 onychia. 
 
 Body slender. Head small, vertical, oblato-orbiculate. Genes inter- 
 rupted by a notch under the eyes. Face long, attenuated; clypeus 
 apparently divided. Eyes small, oval, remote. Proboscis thick, de- 
 clining. Labrum transverse, very broad at the tip. Lingua broad, 
 lanceolate, with an obtuse tooth on the upper side at the base. Palpi 
 incumbent, large, clavate, pilose. Labium short, thick, pubescent. 
 Antennae 5 -jointed, small, porrect, pubescent, inserted between the 
 eyes near the middle of the face ; first, second, and third joints stout ; 
 first clavate, obliquely truncate ; second cyathiform ; third nearly round, 
 attenuated on one side of the tip, shorter than the fifth ; fourth very 
 minute ; fifth setaceous, rather short, curved. Thorax almost fusiform ; 
 scutellum semicircular, Wings long, narrow, incumbent and parallel 
 
HELEODROMIA. 105 
 
 in repose; cubital vein forked; 3 externo-medial veins proceeding from 
 an oblong hexagonal discal areolet ; costal vein attenuated round the 
 posterior margin. Legs long, slender ; coxae shorter than the femora ; 
 fore coxae large ; empodium thickened in a brush like tJie onychia. Male. 
 Abdomen linear, terminated by a conical, compressed process. Fern. 
 Abdomen fusiform, terminated by two small lobes. 
 
 The Heleodromice frequent moist ground, ponds, lakes, and 
 rivulets. The species may be grouped thus : 
 
 a. Wings with a stigmatical spot. Species 1. 
 a a. Wings with dusky clouds. Species 2, 3. 
 a a a* Wings immaculate. Species 4. 
 
 1. stagnalis, Hal. e. m. i. 159 (1833) ; Qi.Westermanni, Ztt. 
 Cinerea, subtus schistacea, epistomate subquadrato argenteo, antennis 
 nigris, alis subcinereis, vents transversis obsolete fusco-limbatis, halteri- 
 bus fuscis, abdomine supra nigricante maculis cinereis bivittato, femori- 
 bus apice testaceis. Long. If ; alar. 4^ lin. 
 
 Male and Fern. Body olive, slate-colour beneath ; epistoma silvery. 
 Eyes red. Proboscis and antennas black. Wings pale grey; veins 
 black ; transverse veins slightly clouded with brown. Halteres brown. 
 Abdomen blackish above, with a row of grey spots along each side. 
 Legs black ; thighs slate-colour, their tips pale red. 
 
 The most common species ; appears in small flights, on ponds, 
 swamps, and running streams, among the crowded starwort 
 (Cattitriche verna), and on duckweed (Lemna). (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. Zetterstedti, Fin. suppl. (1827) ; Zii.bipunctata, Hal. ; Ct. 
 Cinerea, subtus schistacea, vitta dorsali fusca, hypostomate lineari ar- 
 genteo, alis puncto stigmaticali fuscescente, pedibus pallide ferruginei*. 
 Long, 1; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Hypostoma narrow, silvery. Antennas black. Thorax 
 with a dusky stripe down the middle ; sides pearly grey. Wings 
 greyish, with a brown dot beyond the middle of the costa. Discal areolet 
 more attenuate-elongated than in the other species, thus somewhat 
 approaching the genus Wiedemannia \ anal areolet linear and not 
 oval, with an abbreviated but distinct rudiment of the anal vein con- 
 tinued from its apex; stigmatical dot fusco-ferruginous, somewhat 
 oblong (not round, as in Wied. bistigma). 
 
 Bare ; occurs about rivulets. In Mr. Halida/s collection. (I.) 
 
 3. fontinalis, Hal. e. m. i. 160 (1833); Ci.W"esm<zlii, Mq.; 
 Ztt. Olivacea, subtus schistacea, hypostomate subtrigono argenteo, 
 thorace vittato, alarum costa venisque transversis saturate fusco-limbatis, 
 pedibus posterioribus et femoribus anticis testaceis, his basi fusca subtus 
 trispinosa. Long. 1^ ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Front deep olive ; epistoma silvery. Antennas black. Thorax deep 
 olive, with 2 chestnut stripes divided by a pale line ; underside schis- 
 
 VOL. I. P 
 
106 EMPID.E. 
 
 taceous. Wings dusky ; costa and veins of the tip bordered with a deep 
 tinge; small transverse veins of the base bordered with deep brown; 
 another spot surrounds the fork of the apical vein, and a third includes 
 the ordinary transverse vein ; these markings are rather diffused and 
 cloud-like, but deeply coloured. Abdomen with a blackish indented 
 dorsal stripe. Hinder legs and fore femora testaceous, the latter at the 
 base dusky, glossed with grey, with 3 spines beneath. Male. Hypopygium 
 nearly as in H. stagnalis, with an elongated reflected style pale at the 
 tip and terminated by a curved seta. Fore femora tufted with hairs 
 beneath at the apex. 
 
 In Mr. Halida/s collection. (S. I.) Common enough in many 
 places, such as lakes, rivulets, and on the ground moistened by 
 their overflow, under the shade of trees. (E. S. I.) 
 
 4. unicolor, Ct. b. e. (1834). Roberta ? M.^.Bo7iemanni, Ztt. 
 Olivaceo-fusca, subtus cinerea, femoribus apice coxisque luteis, alls im- 
 maculatis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Olive-brown, grey beneath. Face subquadrate, silvery -white. Coxae 
 and tips of the femora luteous. Wings unspotted. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Holiday's collection. (E. S.) 
 
 Genus VII. WIEDEMANNIA. 
 
 WIEDEMANNIA, Ztt. i. 1. (1837). Heleodromia p., Ct. 
 
 Corpus gracile. Caput infra oculos elongatum, epistomate angulatim 
 inflexo bifido. Proboscis crassa, descendens, palpis incumbentibus. 
 Antennae 5-articulataa; articulus tertius apice attenuatus, quinto 
 brevior; quintus setiformis, brevis, curvatus. Alse angustae, vena 
 cubitali furcata, externo-mediis 3 ex areola discali irregulariter pen- 
 tagona excurrentibus, costali marginem posticum attingente. Coxa 
 femoribus breviores. 
 
 Body slender. Cheeks prolonged under the eyes. Epistoma bifid; its 
 inflection forming an angle. Proboscis thick, declining, with incumbent 
 palpi. Antennaa 5 -jointed; third joint attenuated at tJie tip, shorter 
 than the fifth ; fifth setiform, short, curved. Wings narrow ; cubital 
 vein forked ; costal vein attenuated around the posterior margin ; 3 ex- 
 terno-medial veins proceeding from the irregularly pentagonal discal 
 areolet. Coxae shorter than the femora ; empodium thickened in a 
 brush like the onychia. 
 
 Obs. Clinocera seems to differ from Wiedemannia chiefly in the 
 form of the discal areolet, which is hexagonal, as in Heleodromia ; 
 while in Wiedemannia it is nearly pentagonal, the first and second 
 externo-medial veins springing almost together from the elongated 
 anterior apical angle. 
 
SCIODROMIA. 107 
 
 1. bistigxna, Ct. ! b. e. 513 (1834). borealis, Ztt., vm.juvenilis ? 
 Ztt. Schistacea, disco ferrugineo, alls subcinereis macula costali fusca, 
 halteribus fulvis. Long. 2 ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Opake slate-colour, slightly pubescent, ferruginous on the disc above, 
 pale bluish beneath. Wings pale grey, with a round brown spot near 
 the tip of the costa. Halteres tawny. 
 
 Rare. Mr. Haliday has often found it about the edges of 
 granite blocks bathed by a rapid rivulet, in the county Wicklow. 
 In Mr. Holiday's collection. (E. I.) 
 
 2. lotee, Hal. MSS. Cinerea, subtus schistacea, hypostomate ar- 
 genteo, alis immaculatis. Long. 2-i- ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Half the size of W. bistigma. Slaty grey. Yertex, mesonotum, 
 and less evidently the back of the abdomen cinereous, with a ferrugi- 
 nous cast. Face silvery-white, head less elongated than in W. bistigma, 
 and the antennae and proboscis shorter. Wings broader in proportion, 
 obscure, hyaline, immaculate. Radial vein not sinuated towards the 
 end. Anterior branch of the cubital vein more curved. Mediastinal 
 vein ferruginous, the others dusky. Halteres fuscous, the base ferru- 
 ginous. Legs immaculate, blackish-brown with a cinereous tinge. 
 Male. Hypopygium dusky with a cinereous tinge ; the valves at the 
 end of it pale ferruginous. 
 
 Rare; in the county of Wicklow. In Mr. Halida/s collec- 
 tion. (I.) 
 
 Genus VIII. SCIODROMIA. 
 
 SCIODROMIA, Hal.; Wtw. cl. (1840). Heleodromia p., Mq. Heme- 
 rodromia p., Rs. Microcera, Ztt. 
 
 Antennarum articulus tertius quinto brevior. Vena cubitalis simplex ; 
 
 vena externo-mediae 3. Coxce femoribus breviores. 
 
 Palpi affixed to the base of the compressed maxilla?. Third joint of 
 the antenna shorter than the fifth. Cubital vein simple ; externo-medial 
 veins 3, arising from a discal areolet. Costal vein attenuated round the 
 posterior margin of the wing. Coxa shorter than the femora. 
 
 1. immaculata, Hal. e. m. i. 159 (1833); Gi.fuscipennis, 
 Roser. rostrata, Ztt. Cinerea, antennis nigris, alis subferrugineo- 
 cinereis, halteribus fuscis, pedibus nigro-fuscis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Male and Fern. Body cinereous. Epistoma narrow, silvery ; a fer- 
 ruginous tinge on the front and on the thorax. Eyes red. Proboscis 
 and antenna? black. Wings grey, with a slight ferruginous tinge. 
 Veins black. Halteres brown, yellow at the base. Hypopygium of 
 the male reflected, ventricose. Legs dark brown ; coxse cinereous. 
 
 Not rare. (E.I.) 
 
108 EMPID.E. 
 
 Genus IX. RHAMPHOMYIA. 
 
 RHAMPHOMYIA, Hms. ; Mg. zw. iv. 42 (1822) ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Ct. Empis 
 
 p., Fb.; Gm.; LI.; Pz.j Mg. kl. ; Fin. 
 Proboscis verticalis, capite longior. Antennis articulus tertius quinto 
 
 longior. Vena cubitalis simplex ; vence externo-media 3 ; coxcefemo- 
 
 ribus breviores. 
 
 Head small, globose. Eyes large, elliptical. Proboscis long, vertical, 
 perpendicular. Labrum stout, longer than the head. Lingua flat, 
 lanceolate, as long as the labram. Maxilla? long, slender, acute, much 
 shorter than the lingua. Palpi clavate, pilose, much shorter than the 
 maxillaa. Labium clavate, very slender at the base, as long as the 
 labrum. Antennae inserted in the middle of the face, contiguous at 
 the base, porrect, stout, pubescent, 5 -jointed, not longer than the head; 
 first and second joints bristly ; first linear ; second globose, not half 
 the length of the first ; third long, tapering from the base to the tip, 
 longer than the fifth ; fourth minute, cyathiform ; fifth longer, slender, 
 tapering. Thorax much broader than the head ; scutellum rounded. 
 Wings ample, incumbent and parallel in repose ; cubital vein simple ; 
 externo-medial veins 3, arising from a discal areolet ; costal vein attenu- 
 ated round the posterior margin, but very faint there in most species. 
 Halteres rather large. Abdomen tapering. Legs longer ; hind legs 
 longer and thicker than the anterior ; coxa shorter than the femora ; 
 tibia? more or less clavate ; metatarsi sometimes dilated. 
 
 Male. Eyes contiguous. Ocelli on a tubercle behind the eyes. 
 Abdomen clavate at the tip. 
 
 Fern. Eyes remote. Ocelli on the crown. Abdomen acuminated at 
 the tip with 2 compressed hairy lobes. 
 
 The Ehamphomym resemble the Empides in habit, and the 
 species have nearly the same variations of structure. They may 
 be thus divided : 
 
 a. Body black or cinereous. 
 > b. Halteres white or pale. Species 1-6. 
 
 b b. Halteres brown or black. Species 7, 8. 
 a a. Body partly or wholly pale. Species 9, 10. 
 
 1. nigripes, Fb. e. s. iv. 405. 13 (1792); Mg.! zw. iii. pi. 23. 
 f. 2 ; Mq. ; Ztt. crassirostris, Fin. Antennis nigris, tkorace nigro- 
 quadrivittato, alls limpidis, halteribus flavis. Mas. Cinerea, pedibus 
 nigro-fuscis. Fcem. Cana, pedibus nigris. Long. 2-| 3 ; alar. 6-7 lin. 
 
 Clothed with black hairs. Proboscis, palpi, and antenna black; 
 first and second joints of the antennse cinereous ; third lanceolate, longer 
 than the first and the second ; fifth about one-third of the length of 
 the third. Thorax with 4 black stripes, the outer pair indistinct. 
 Jfings colourless; stigma dark brown, narrow; veins black, tawny 
 
RHAMPHOMYIA. 109 
 
 towards the base. Halteres pale yellow. Male. Cinereous. Legs 
 blackish-brown. Fern. Hoary. Legs black. 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. sulcata, Mg.kl. i. 229. 26 (1804); Fin.; Mq.; Ztt. Oinerea, 
 antennis nigris, thorace fusco-trivittato, alis subcinereis basi et ad costam 
 subfuscis, fyalteribus flavis, pedibus nigris. Long. 3 ; alar. 8 lin. 
 
 Cinereous, clothed with black hairs. Antennae black; third joint 
 lanceolate, more than twice the length of the first and the second ; fifth 
 not more than one-fourth of the length of the third. Thorax with 
 3 dark brown stripes. Wings pale grey, dull tawny at the base and 
 along the fore border ; no stigma ; veins brown, black along the fore 
 border, tawny towards the base. Halteres yellow. Legs black ; hind 
 femora armed with black spines ; hind metatarsi slightly dilated. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 3. spinipes, Fin. d. s. emp. 26. 21 (1815) ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. 
 carbonaria ? Hms. ; Mg. Cinerea, antennis nigris, thorace fusco- 
 trivittato, alis ferrugineo-fuscis, halteribus luteis, pedibus nigris ; Mas. 
 femoribus posticis subtus fasciculato-setosis ; Fcem. abdomine schistaceo, 
 
 tibiis posticis subciliatis. Long. 3-3^ ; alar. 7-8 lin. 
 
 Cinereous, clothed with short black hairs, and with a few black 
 bristles. Proboscis and antennae black; third joint of the antennas 
 much longer than the first and the second ; fifth not one-fourth of the 
 length of the third. Thorax with 3 very slender brown stripes. 
 Wings ferruginous-brown; stigma dark brown. Halteres luteous. 
 Male. Hind femora armed beneath with a cluster of bristles. Fern. Ab- 
 domen slate-colour. Hind tibia3 slightly ciliated. 
 
 Bare. (E. S.) 
 
 4. cinerascens, Mg. kl. i. 230. 28 (1804), Cinerea, antennis 
 nigris, thorace fusco-trivittato 3 halteribus flavis, pedibus nigris ; Mas. alis 
 albidis ; Fcem. alis subcinereis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Grey, clothed with short black hairs. Proboscis and antennas black, 
 Thorax with 3 brown stripes. Stigma brown. Halteres pale yellow. 
 Legs black. Male. Wings whitish. Fern. Wings pale grey. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 5. caesia, Hms.; Mg. zw. iii. 56. 29 (1822). Cana, antennis 
 nigris, alis sublimpidis, halteribus flavis, pedibus fuscis. Long. 1 ^-2 ; 
 alar. 5-6 lin. 
 
 Male. Hoary, thinly clothed with black hairs. Proboscis black, 
 reaching the fore coxae. Antennae black ; fifth joint much shorter than 
 the third. Wings almost colourless; stigma brown. Halteres pale 
 yellow. Legs brown; hind femora and hind tibiae slightly dilated, 
 armed with teeth beneath ; hind femora hairy beneath. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 6. variabilis, Fin. d. s. emp. 29. 33 (1815); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt, 
 
110 EMPID.E. 
 
 Cinerea, antennis m'gris, tJwrace fusco-trivittato, halteribus fulvis, abdo- 
 mineferrugineo, pedibus fulvis ; Mas. alis ferrugineis ; Fcem. alls limpidis. 
 Long. 2 ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Cinereous, clothed with black hairs and bristles. Proboscis black, 
 reaching the fore coxae. Antennae black ; third joint lanceolate, very 
 much longer than the first and the second ; fifth less than one-fourth 
 of the length of the third joint. Thorax with 3 brown stripes. Stigma 
 brown ; veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres tawny. Abdo- 
 men ferruginous. Legs slender, tawny ; tarsi brown towards the tips. 
 Male. Things ferruginous. Fern. Wings colourless. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 7. longipes, Mg. kl. i. 231. 34 (1804) ; Mq. ; Mg. ; Ztt. Nigra, 
 alis albidis. Long. If 2 ; alar. 4-4- lin. 
 
 Black, shining, thinly clothed with black hairs and bristles. Pro- 
 boscis reaching the middle coxae. Third joint of the antennae lanceo- 
 late, much longer than the first and the second ; fifth much shorter 
 than the third. Wings whitish ; no stigma ; veins tawny, black along 
 the fore border. Hind tibiae slightly clavate ; hind metatarsi slightly 
 dilated. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 8. sethiops? Ztt. d. s. i. 436. 60 (1842). Nigra, alis subcinereis. 
 Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Slack, shining, clothed with short black hairs. Proboscis reaching 
 the hind coxae. Third joint of the antennae very much longer than 
 the first and the second ; fifth a little more than half *the length of 
 the third. Wings very pale grey ; stigma black, very narrow. Hind 
 femora and hind tibia ciliated on both sides. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 9. pennata, Mq. d. n. emp. 133. 6 (1827); Mg. ; Ct. ! b. e. 
 517. Cana, antennis nigris basi fulvis, thorace fusco-trivittato, alis 
 subferrugineo-cinereis, halteribus flavis, abdomine pedibusque fulvis, 
 femoribus tibiisque posterioribus ciliatis. Long. 2 ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Fern. Hoary, thinly clothed with black hairs. Proboscis ferruginous, 
 reaching the fore coxae. Antennae black; first and second joints 
 tawny ; third nearly twice the length of the first and the second ; fifth 
 much less than half the length of the third. Thorax with 3 brown 
 stripes. Wings slightly ferruginous-grey ; no stigma. Halteres pale 
 yellow. Abdomen tawny. Legs tawny ; posterior femora and tibiae 
 ciliated with brown hairs. 
 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 10. flava, Fin. d. s. emp. 30. 35 (1815); Mg. ; Ztt. Flam, an- 
 tennis nigris basi flavis, thorace fusco-univittato, metathoracis disco 
 subcinereo, alis limpidis, halteribus fulvis, abdominis segmentorum 
 marginibus posticis apiceque fuscis, pedibus flavis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 2 ; 
 alar. 4 lin. 
 
CEDALEA. Ill 
 
 Yellow, slender, thinly clothed with black hairs and bristles. Head 
 black. Proboscis pale yellow, blackish towards the tip. Antennae 
 black ; first joint yellow ; second brown ; fifth rather more than half 
 the length of the third. Thorax with an indistinct slender pale brown 
 stripe ; disc of the metathorax greyish. Wings colourless ; no stigma. 
 Halteres tawny. Tip and hind borders of the segments of the abdo- 
 men brown. Legs yellow, long and slender ; tips of the tibiae darker ; 
 tarsi brown. 
 
 Not common. (E. S.) 
 
 Genus X. EUTHYNEURA. 
 
 EUTHYNEURA, Mq. a. s. e. iii. (1836). 
 
 Proboscis porrecta, capite longior. Antennarum articulus tertim quinto 
 longior. Alarum vena cubitalis simplex ; vena externo-media 3. Coxae 
 femoribus breviores. 
 
 Proboscis horizontal, longer than the head. Third joint of the an- 
 tenna longer than the fifth. Cubital vein simple ; externo-medial veins 
 3, arising from a ducal areolet. Coxa shorter than the femora. 
 
 1. myrtilli, Mq. a. s. e. iii. (1836). Nigra, antennis apice subu- 
 latis, alls limpidis, tibiis basi femoribusque fulvis. Long. 1 ; alar. 
 31in. 
 
 Black, shining, not hairy. Tips of the antenna subulate. Wings 
 colourless ; stigma pale brown. Tibiae towards the base and femora 
 tawny. 
 
 Eare. In Mr. Holiday's collection. (E. I.) 
 
 2. myricse, Hal., MSS. Nigra, gracilis, antennis apice ootusis, 
 alis limpidis, abdomine attenuato t pedibus fuscis > tarsis nigris. Long. 1^ ; 
 alar. If lin. 
 
 Black, long, slender, not hairy. Tips of the antenna obtuse. Wings 
 colourless. Halteres tawny. Abdomen attenuated, about thrice the 
 length of the thorax. Legs brown, long, slender ; tarsi black. 
 
 Eare. In Mr. Halida/s collection. (E. I.) 
 
 Genus XI. CEDALEA. 
 
 (ED ALE A, Mg. zw. ii. 355 (1820) ; Mq. ; Ztt. Empis p., Fin. 
 dicera, Mq. 
 
 Corpus minutum, subelongatum, glabriusculum, nitidum. Color cor- 
 poris niger, pedum pallidus. Proboscis capite brevior. Palpi dilatati, 
 compressi. Antennae 5-articulatse, porrectae, capite longiores, basi 
 
112 EMPIDvE. 
 
 approximate ; articuli primus et secundus brevissimi ; primus sub- 
 cylindricus; secundus cyathifonnis ; tertius longus, compressus, 
 subuliformis, quinto longior ; quartus et quintus brevissimi ; quintus 
 stylatus. Thorax ovatus, gibbosus. Vena cubitalis simplex ; vence 
 externo-media 3. Alulae integrae, angustae, ciliatae. Coxae femoribus 
 breviores. Pedes postici anterioribus paullo longiores, femora postica 
 subincrassata, subtus plerumque spinulosa; tibia postica arcuata, 
 femoribus breviores. 
 Mas. Oculi connexi. Anus obtusus. 
 Fcem. Oculi paullo discreti. Anus acuminatus. 
 
 Body black, rather long, smooth, shining. Head round. Eyes 
 red, parted above by a suture ; all the facets very small. Ocelli 3, on 
 the crown. Proboscis horizontal, shorter than the head. Palpi dilated, 
 compressed. Antenna? 5-jointed, porrect, longer than the head, ap- 
 proximate at the base ; first and second joints very short, of equal 
 length ; first almost cylindrical ; second cyathiform ; third compressed, 
 subuliform, longer than the fifth ; fourth and fifth very small, hardly 
 visible; fifth stylate. Thorax oval, gibbose. Wings large, obtuse, 
 very finely pubescent ; cubital vein simple ; 3 externo-medial veins arising 
 from a trapeziform discal areolet. Alulae entire, narrow, fringed. 
 Halteres uncovered, with large knobs. Abdomen with 7 segments, 
 cylindrical, pubescent. Coxa shorter than the femora ;' anterior legs 
 slender, of equal length ; hind legs long ; hind femora thick, bristly 
 beneath from the middle to the tips ; hind tibia curved, shorter than the 
 femora. 
 
 Male. Eyes united. Abdomen obtuse at the tip. 
 Fern. Eyes parted by a narrow interval. Tip of the abdomen 
 acuminated. 
 
 These flies inhabit the leaves of shrubs, and herbage in woods ; 
 they move slowly; their flight is heavy, and they often hover in 
 the air. The female lays its eggs in the decayed trunks of trees. 
 The difference between (Edalea and the typical Micropkori con- 
 sists in the shorter curved hind tibiae, and somewhat thicker 
 and spined hind femora, and rather longer proboscis of the 
 former. 
 
 1. stigmatella, Ztt. d. s. i. 216. 2 (1842). Nigra, antennis 
 fuscis, alis subfuscis, abdominis basi fusca subtus fulva, pedibus fulvis, 
 tibiis posticis tarsisque fuscis. Long. If ; alar. 3-J lin. 
 
 Black, shining, thinly clothed with tawny hairs. Proboscis and 
 antenna brown. Wrings slightly tinged with brown ; stigma brown. 
 Halteres yellow. Abdomen glossy at the base, brown above, tawny 
 beneath. Legs tawny, clothed with short yellow hairs ; hind femora 
 armed beneath with black spines; tarsi and hind tibiae brown; an- 
 terior tibiae sometimes dark tawny. Male. Abdomen silky. Hind 
 femora brown on nearly half the length from the tips. Fern. Pleurae 
 
MICROPHORUS. 1 13 
 
 partly pale. Abdomen glabrous, pale beneath. Tips of the hind 
 femora brown. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 2. minuta, Fin. d. s. emp. 32. 40 (1815); Mg. -flampes, Ztt. 
 ti&ialis? Mq..d. i. 321. 1. nifipes? Mq. zw. Nigra, antennis 
 fuscis, alls limpidis ad costam fmcis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis saepissime 
 tarsisque fuscis. Long. If-lf ; alar. 3-3^ lin. 
 
 Black, shining, thinly clothed with tawny hairs. Proboscis and 
 antennae brown. Wings colourless, more or less tinged with brown beneath 
 the fore border ; transverse vein more oblique than that of (E. stig- 
 matella; stigma brown. Halteres yellow. Legs tawny; tarsi and 
 posterior tibiae brown. Tar. Fore tibiae brown. Far. Hind tibia? 
 tawny. 
 
 Not very common. (E. S. I.) 
 
 Genus XII. MICROPHORUS. 
 
 MICROPHORUS, Mq. d. n. (1827); Ztt. Trichina, Mg. Platypeza 
 p., Mg. CEdalea p., Ztt. 
 
 Corpus minutum, vel minutissimum, glabriculum, nitidum. Color 
 niger. Oculi connexi. Proboscis capite brevior, subocculta. Palpi 
 cylindrici. Antennae 5 -articulate, capite longiores ; articuli primus 
 et secundus brevissimi, contigui ; tertius longissimus, conicus, com- 
 pressus, quinto longior ; quartus brevissimus ; quintus brevis, stylatus. 
 Thorax gibbus. Alarum vena cubitalis simplex ; vena externo-media 
 3. Pedes aut simplices aut tibiis posticis dilatatis ; coxa femoribus 
 breviores ; tibia postica recta, femoribus non breviores. 
 Mas. Anus obtusus. 
 Fcem. Anus acutus. 
 
 Body black, small, or very small, smooth, shining. Eyes red, con- 
 nected. Proboscis shorter than the head, almost hidden. Palpi cylin- 
 drical. Antennae 5 -jointed, somewhat longer than the head ; first 
 and second very short, approximate ; third very long, conical, com- 
 pressed, longer than tne fifth ; fourth very short ; fifth short, stylate. 
 Thorax gibbous. Wings lanceolate; cubital vein simple; externo- 
 medial veins 3, arising from a discal areolet. Legs either simple or 
 with dilated hind tibiae. Coxa shorter than the femora ; hind tibia 
 straight, shorter than the femora. 
 Male. Tip of the abdomen obtuse. 
 Fern. Tip of the abdomen acute. 
 
 This genus differs from (Edalea by the conical third joint of 
 the antennae, by the longer and more distinct seta, and by the 
 simple and unarmed hind femora. The Microphori appear in 
 
 VOL.1. Q 
 
114 EMPIDjE. 
 
 summer, and frequent the leaves of shrubs, and herbage in fields 
 and woods. 
 
 1. flavipes, Mg! zw. vi. 336. 1. pi. 60. f. 10 (1830) ; Mq. ; 
 Ztt. Niger, abdomine basi fulvo, pedibus subfulvis ; Mas. alls subfuscis ; 
 Fcem. alls limpidis. Long. 1-1 ; alar. 2^-2f lin. 
 
 Black, shining, clothed with a few hairs. Facets of the eyes rather 
 large. Stigma brown ; veins of the wings black. Abdomen dark 
 tawny towards the base. Legs pale tawny, slender, simple. Male. 
 Wings pale brown. Halteres pale brown. Jem. Wings colourless. 
 Halteres tawny. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 2. clavipes, Mg. zw. vi. 336. 2 (1830) ; Mq. ; Zit.minutus p., 
 Ztt. Niger, pedibus fuscis ; Mas. thorace nigro-ceneo, alis halteribusque 
 
 fuscis, pedibus validis, femoribus anterioribus et tibiis intermediis fulvis, 
 femoribus posticis tibiis anticis et tibiis posticis basi fulvis, femoribus 
 posticis crassis, tibiis posticis clavatis ; Fcem. alis limpidis, halteribus 
 flavis, tarsis basi fulvis, femoribus posticis tibiis anticis et tarsis non- 
 nunquam fulvis apice fuscis. Long. 1-1^ ; alar. 2i-2f lin. 
 
 Black. Legs brown. Male. Facets of the eyes of moderate size. 
 Thorax aeneous-black. Wings brown ; stigma dark brown ; veins tawny 
 towards the base. Halteres brown. Legs stout ; anterior femora and 
 middle tibia? tawny ; hind femora, fore tibia?, and hind tibiae tawny at 
 the base ; hind femora thick ; hind tibia clavate. Fern. Shining. 
 Facets of the eyes very small. Wings colourless ; stigma pale brown ; 
 veins yellow at the base. Halteres yellow. Tarsi tawny at the 
 base ; hind femora, fore tibia?, and tarsi sometimes tawny, with 
 brown tips. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 3. velutinus, Mq. d. n. 140. 2 (1827) ; Mg. Antennis pedibus- 
 que nigris. Mas. Ater, alis cinereis, halteribus nigris. Fcem. Cinereus, 
 alia limpidis, halteribus tibiis anticis genubusque fulvis. Long. 1-1 ; 
 alar. 2^-3 lin. 
 
 Proboscis, antenna?, and legs black. Legs slender. Male. Deep 
 black, clothed with black hairs and bristles. Wings grey ; stigma 
 brown ; veins and halteres black. Legs clothed with black hairs. Fern. 
 Grey. Wings colourless ; veins and halteres tawny ; knees and fore 
 tibia? dark tawny. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 4. crassipes, Mq. d. n. 140. 1 (1827) ; Mg. anomala, Mg. 
 tarsella, Ztt. Mas. Ater, alis limpidis, pedibus posticis subciliatis, tibiis 
 posticis apice tarsisque posticis basi dilatatis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2^- lin. 
 
 Deep black, thinly clothed with black hairs and bristles. Wings 
 colourless ; stigma pale brown ; veins and halteres black. Legs clothed 
 with short black hairs ; hind legs slightly ciliated; hind tibia much 
 
CYRTOMA. 115 
 
 dilated towards the tips ; first joint of the hind tarsi very broad and 
 long. 
 
 Very rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 5. fuscipes, Ztt. i. 1. 540. 1 (1839). Gracilis, pedibus fuscis. 
 Mas. Ater, alls nigro-fuscis, abdomine subtus fusco, tarsis nigris. Fcem. 
 Niger, alls subcinerei*, abdomine fusco subtus basi fulvo, femoribus fulvis 
 apice fuscis. Long. 1J ; alar. 2i lin. 
 
 Slender. Legs long, slender, dark brown, not hairy. Male. Deep 
 black, thinly clothed with short black hairs. Wings dark brown; 
 stigma indistinct ; veins and halteres black, the latter very large. 
 Abdomen brown beneath. Tarsi black. Fern. Black. Wings pale grey. 
 Halteres brown. Abdomen dark brown, dark tawny beneath towards the 
 base. Femora tawny, with brown tips. 
 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 6. pusillus, Mq. d.n. 140. 3 (1827); Mg. ; Ztt. Ater, alis limpi- 
 dis, halteribus fuscis, pedibus validis non pilosis, tibiis posticis subclavatis. 
 Long. |- ; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Fern. Deep black, smooth, shining, clothed with very few hairs. 
 Wings colourless-, veins black. Halteres brown. Legs rather stout, 
 not hairy ; hind tibi(S slightly clavate. 
 
 Hare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 7. minutus, Mg. zw. vi. 336. 2 (1830); Mq.; Zii.elongatus, 
 Hal. Niger, nitidus, gracilis, genubus fulvis ; Mas. alis fuscis ; Fcem. 
 alis limpidis. Long. 1 ; alar. If lin. 
 
 Slender, narrower than M. clavipes. Black. Legs slender ; knees 
 tawny. Male. Thorax bronzed. Wings brown. Hind tibiae some- 
 what clavate. Fern. Wings colourless. Abdomen very much produced 
 and pointed. Fore femora pale, as well as the base of the other femora 
 and of the tibiae. 
 
 Bare; generally appears on larches. In Mr. Haliday's col- 
 lection. (I.) 
 
 Genus XIII. CYRTOMA. 
 
 CYRTOMA, Mg.zw. iv. 1 (1824); Mq. ; Hal.; Ztt. Empis p., Fin. 
 
 Corpus minutum, molle, gibbum, totum pubescens. Color niger. 
 Caput parvum, globosum. Oculi nudi, contigui. Proboscis declivis, 
 brevissima. Palpi compressi, incumbentes. Antennae 5-articulatae, 
 porrectse, basi approximatae ; articulus primus brevissimus ; se- 
 cundus parvus, cylindricus ; tertius longus, obclavatus, compressus ; 
 quartus et quintus stylati. Alae obtusae ; vena cubitalis simplex ; 
 vence externo-media 3 ; prima et secunda furcam Jingentes ; areola 
 discoidalis nulla. Coxa femoribus breviores ; pedes postici longi, 
 tibiis apice subincrassatis. 
 
116 EMPID^E. 
 
 Mas. Abdomen brevius ; anus obtusus, appendiculatus. 
 Fcem. Abdomen longius ; anus vaginatus. 
 
 Body black, small, soft, pubescent. Head small, semicircular. 
 Eyes contiguous ; facets rather large. Ocelli 3, on the crown. Pro- 
 boscis projecting, hardly perpendicular. Labram narrow, curved, 
 tubercular at the base, as long as the labium. Lingua slender, curved, 
 somewhat longer than the labrum. Labium cylindrical. Antenna?. 
 5 -jointed, porrect, approximate at the base, diverging upwards ; first 
 joint very short ; second small, cylindrical ; third long, obclavate, com- 
 pressed, pubescent ; fourth very short ; fifth sty late, curved upward. 
 Thorax gibbous. Wings oblique, finely pubescent, incumbent and 
 parallel in repose. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen long, cylindrical, 
 pubescent. Legs slender; coxae sJwrter than the femora ; hind legs 
 long. 
 
 Male. Tip of the abdomen obtuse, with 2 short points. 
 
 Fern. Tip of the abdomen acute. 
 
 The Cyrtoma appear in spring and summer, and inhabit 
 herbage in woods and fields. 
 
 1. spuria, Fin. d. s. emp. 33. 43 (1815); Ztt. aim, Mg. ; Mq. 
 Atra, opaca, pilosa, alis nigricantibus, halteribus fuscis. Long. 1^-lf ; 
 alar. 3^-3 lin. 
 
 Deep black, hairy, not shining. Wings blackish ; veins black. 
 Halteres dark brown. Abdomen cylindrical, nearly twice the length 
 of the thorax. Legs hairy; hind tibiae slightly clavate; hind tarsi 
 slender. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 2. nigra, Mg. zw. iv. 3. 2 (1824); Mq. ; Ztt. Nigro-fusca, 
 opaca, pilosula, antennis nigris, alis pedibusque fuscis. Long. 1^-1 {; 
 alar. 2^-3 lin. 
 
 Brownish-black, clothed with a few hairs, not shining. Proboscis, 
 palpi, and antennae black. Wrings brown, large. Abdomen rather 
 more than twice the length of the thorax. Legs dark brown, rather 
 hairy ; hind tibiae dilated ; first and second joints of the hind tarsi 
 long, dilated. Male. Halteres dark brown. Fern. Halteres pale yellow. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 3. meleena, Hal. e. m. i. 158 (1833). Mas. Atra, alis cinereis, 
 femoribus ferrugineis, tibiis posticis subclavatis. Fcem. Nigra, alis sub- 
 limpidis, tibiis posticis gracilibus. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Hind tibiae longer than in the two preceding species. Male. Deep 
 black. Wings grey. Femora ferruginous ; hind tibiae slightly clavate. 
 Fern. Black. Wings almost colourless. Hind tibite very slender. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (T.) 
 
LEPTOPEZA. 117 
 
 Genus XIV. LEPTOPEZA. 
 
 LEPTOPEZA, Mq. d. n. (1827) ; Ztt. Empis p., Mn. Ocydromia p., 
 Mg. ; Ztt. 
 
 Corpus parvum, glabriculum, nitidum, subincurvum, molliculum. 
 
 Color niger aut rufo-testaceus. Proboscis brevissima. Antenna? 
 
 4-articulata? ; articuli primus et secundus breves ; tertius conicus ; 
 
 quartus longus, setiformis, apicalis. Thorax gibbosus, glaber. Ala3 
 
 longa?, angusta? ; vena cubitalis simplex ; vena exter no-media 2. Pedes 
 
 omnes simplices, tibiis anticis muticis; coxa femoribus breviores. 
 Mas. Plerumque longior, magis pilosus. Abdomen lineare. Anus 
 
 param clavatus. 
 Fcem. Glabricula. Oviductus exsertus, compressus, gladiiformis, arcua- 
 
 tim recurvatus. 
 
 Body small, smooth, shining, soft, slightly curved, black or reddish- 
 testaceous. Proboscis very short. Antennae 4 -jointed ; first and second 
 joints short ; tliird conical ; fourth long, setiform, apical. Thorax 
 gibbous, very smooth. Wings long, rather narrow ; cubital vein simple ; 
 externo-medial veins 2, arising from the discal areolet. Halteres clavate. 
 Abdomen cylindrical. Legs slender, without spines or bristles ; hind 
 tibia? slightly clavate ; hind metatarsi long, stout ; coxae shorter than 
 the femora. 
 
 Male. Body generally longer and more hairy than that of the female. 
 Abdomen linear, hardly clavate at the tip. 
 
 Fern. Abdomen elongate-fusiform ; oviduct exserted. 
 
 This genus may be distinguished from Ocydromia by the short, 
 oblique, or less perpendicular proboscis, by the thick, porrect, 
 almost cylindrical palpi, by the oblong- conical third joint of the 
 antennae, by the setiform apical joint, and by the ensiform ovi- 
 duct of the female. It is like Ocydromia in its habits. The 
 structure of the veins is almost similar in both genera, but 
 Leptopeza has more often the rudiment of a third externo-medial 
 vein. 
 
 1. ruficollis, Mg. zw. ii. 353. 3 (1820) ; T&t.glabricula 0, Fin. 
 
 Nigra, thorace rufo-testaceo, alis sublimpidis, abdomine subtus testaceo, 
 pedibus flavis, tibiis posticis apice tarsisque fuscis. Long. 2 ; alar. 
 4* lin. 
 
 Black. Thorax reddish-testaceous, very shining. Wings almost 
 colourless ; veins and halteres tawny. Abdomen testaceous beneath 
 and on each side. Legs yellow ; hind tibia? towards the tips and 
 tarsi brown. 
 
 Eare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 
 
 2. flavipes, Mgle. j Mg. zw. ii. 353. 4 (1820) ; Mq. ; Ztt. Nigra, 
 
118 EMPID.E. 
 
 alls limpidis, abdomine piceo, pedibus flavis, tibiis posticis apice tarsisque 
 obscurioribus. Long. 2 ; alar. 4^ lin. 
 
 Black. Thorax very shining. Wings colourless; veins tawny. 
 Halteres yellow. Abdomen piceous. Legs yellow ; hind tibiae towards 
 the tips and tarsi rather darker. Perhaps the male of L. rujicollis. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 
 
 Genus XV. OCYDROMIA. 
 
 OCYDROMIA, Hms.; Mg. zw. ii. 351 (1820) ; Mq. ; Ztt. Tachydro- 
 mia p., Fb. Empis p., Fin. 
 
 Corpus parvum, glabriculum, nitidum, subincurvum. Color niger aut 
 rufo-testaceus. Oculi rufo-fusci, parum aeneo-micantes, in utroque 
 sexu connexi. Proboscis brevissima, subocculta. Antennae 4-arti- 
 culatae ; articulus tertius ovatus ; quartus setiformis, subdorsalis. 
 Alarum vena cubitalis simplex ; vena externo-media 2 ; areola discoi- 
 dalis una. Pedes aut omnes simplices, aut postici raro tibiis apicem 
 versus incrassatis ; tibiis anticis latere interiore prope basin denti- 
 culo minuto semper armatis ; coxa femoribus breviores. 
 Mas. Corpus obscurius, gracilius ; anus obtusus. 
 Fcem. Corpus pallidius, robustius ; anus acutior. Oviductus occultus. 
 Body small, black or reddish-testaceous, smooth, shining, slightly 
 incurved. Head round ; epistoma extremely narrow. Eyes large. 
 Ocelli 3, on the crown. Proboscis very short, almost horizontal. 
 Palpi small, cylindrical, hairy, obtuse. Antennae 4 -jointed, porrect, 
 shorter than the head, closely approximate at the base, diverging 
 upward ; first and second joints almost cylindrical, beset with short 
 bristles ; third joint oval ; fourth setiform, seated on the third near the 
 tip. Thorax oval, gibbous, depressed on the hinder part of the back, 
 hardly bristly, without a suture; scutellum narrow. Wings longer 
 than the abdomen, incumbent and parallel in repose, rounded at the 
 tips, finely ciliated, very finely pubescent ; cubital vein simple ; externo- 
 medial veins 2 ; discal areolet one. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen 
 pubescent, compressed, incurved. Legs simple, slender, pubescent ; 
 coxa shorter than the femora ; hind legs somewhat longer than the 
 anterior ; first joint of the tarsi almost as long as all the 4 following. 
 Male. Eyes parted by a suture. 
 Fern. Eyes parted by a very narrow interval. 
 The Ocydromia appear from the spring to the autumn, and 
 inhabit meadows, flowers, the leaves of shrubs, and especially 
 woods ; they are agile, but their flight is slow. 
 
 1. glabricula, Fin. d. s. emp. 33. 42 (1815) ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. 
 nigripennis, Fb. Mas. ^Eneo- vel purpureo-nigra, an tennis nigris, alis 
 
OCYDROMIA. 119 
 
 nigricantibus, abdominis lateribus ventreque fuscis, pedibus fulvis, coxis 
 flavis, tibiis anticis tarsisque fuscis. Fcem. Testacea, thorace antico 
 capiteque nigris, alls subfusco-cinereis, abdomine maculis nigris vittato. 
 Long. 1-1 ; alar. 3-4 lin. 
 
 Body clothed with very few tawny hairs. Proboscis and antennae 
 black. Scutellum beset with a few black bristles. Legs tawny, clothed 
 with very short black hairs ; tarsi and fore tibiae brown. Male. Body 
 ceneous or purplish-black. Wings blackish, very iridescent ; veins and 
 halteres black. Abdomen brownish on each side and beneath. Coxa3 
 yellow ; posterior tibiae dark tawny ; hind tibiae long, slightly clavate. 
 Fern. Body testaceous. Head and disc of the fore part of the thorax 
 black. Wings very slightly tinged with brownish-grey ; veins black, 
 tawny towards the base. Halteres yellow, with pale brown knobs. 
 Abdomen, with a row of black spots. Posterior tarsi tawny at the base. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. scutellata, Mg. zw. ii. 354. 5 (1820); Mq.; Ztt. Nigro- 
 fusca, antennis nigris, pectore pleuris scutelloque testaceis, alis fusco- 
 cinereis ; Mas. abdomine maculis fulvis bivittato, pedibus fuscis, coxis 
 flavis, femoribus fulvis ; Fcem. thorace testaceo, disco anteriore nigro- 
 fusco, tibiis tarsisque posterioribus fulvis. Long. H-lf ; alar. 3^-4 lin. 
 
 Body blackish-brown, clothed with very few tawny hairs. Head, 
 proboscis, and antennae black. Thorax beneath, pleurae, and scutellum 
 testaceous. Wings brownish-grey; veins black, tawny at the base. 
 Halteres tawny. Abdomen blackish-brown, having along each side a 
 row of tawny spots which sometimes form bands. Legs brown, clothed 
 with very short tawny hairs; coxae yellow; femora tawny. Fern. 
 Thorax testaceous; disc of the fore part blackish-brown. Posterior 
 tibiae and tarsi dark tawny. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) Var. glabricula ? 
 
 3. rufipes, Mg. zw. ii. 353. 2 (1820) ; Ztt. Fcem. Testacea, capite 
 antennisque nigris, thorace nigro-vittato, pleuris scutelloque flavis, alis 
 subfuscis, abdomine maculis nigris vittato, pedibus fulvis, coxis flavis, 
 tarsis fuscis. Long. If ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Testaceous, clothed with very few tawny hairs. Head, proboscis, and 
 antennae black. Thorax with a short black stripe. Pleurae and scutel- 
 lum yellow. Wings very slightly tinged with brown ; veins black, tawny 
 towards the base. Halteres tawny. Abdomen with a row of large black 
 spots. Legs tawny, clothed with very short tawny hairs ; hips yellow ; 
 tarsi and tips of fore tibiae brown; posterior tarsi tawny towards 
 the base. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
120 EMPID.E. 
 
 Genus XVI. HYBOS. 
 
 HYBOS, Fb. s. a. (1805); LL; Mg.; Fin.; Mq. ; Ct. ; Ahr. ; Gr. ; 
 
 Ztt. Musca p., L. Asilus p., Mbr. ; Gm. ; Shr. ; Fb. Empis p., 
 
 Fb. Dasypogon p., Fb. Stomoxys p., Fb. 
 Corpus parvum, nigrum, subpilosum, incurvum, nitidum, firmum. 
 
 Oculi in utroque sexu conjunct!. Proboscis porrecta, capite longior. 
 
 Antennarum articulus tertius breviter conicus ; quartus setiformis, 
 
 apicalis. Alarum vena cubitalis simplex; vents externo-medice 2; 
 
 areola discoidalis una. Pedes ssepe flavi ; coxa femoribus breviores ; 
 
 femora postica subclavata, subtus spinulosa. 
 Mas. Anus subclavatus. Femora postica valde incrassata. 
 Fcem. Anus acutior. Femora postica modice incrassata. 
 
 Body black, slender, shining, slightly hairy. Head small, round ; face 
 very narrow. Eyes large, dark red, slightly notched internally. Ocelli 
 3, on a tubercle of the crown. Proboscis horizontal, longer than the head. 
 Labrum long, lanceolate, as long as the labium. Lingua setiform, as 
 long as the labrum. Maxillae rudimentary. Palpi fusiform, pubescent, 
 with a few bristles inside, as long as the labrum, detached from the 
 maxillae. Labium long, rather stout, tapering. Antennae 5 -jointed, 
 porrect, approximate at the base, diverging upwards ; first and second 
 joints cylindrical, somewhat bristly ; third oval ; fourth very minute ; 
 fifth setiform, long, pubescent, bare at the tip. Thorax globose, gib- 
 bous, without a suture, somewhat depressed on the hinder part of the 
 back; scutellum lunate, smaH, narrow. Wings obtuse, very finely 
 pubescent, incumbent and parallel in repose; cubital vein simple; 
 externo-medial veins 2 ; discal areolet one. Halteres uncovered. Ab- 
 domen with 7 segments, cylindrical, incurved, pubescent. Legs 
 slender ; ungues and onychia large ; coxa shorter than the femora ; 
 hind legs long, with thick and spinose femora ; anterior tibiae beset 
 with bristles ; hinder tibiae stouter and more hairy ; hind tarsi shorter 
 than the rest ; first joint long, very pubescent beneath. 
 
 Male. Head larger. Eyes parted by a suture. Abdomen clavate 
 at the tip. Hind femora much incrassated. 
 
 "Fern. Head smaller. Eyes parted by a narrow interval. Abdomen 
 more acute at the tip. Hind femora slightly incrassated. 
 
 These flies appear in spring and summer in grassy spots, 
 flowers, on the leaves of shrubs, and especially in woods ; they 
 feed on small Diptera. They move slowly, their flight is heavy, 
 and they often hover in the air. 
 
 1. grossipes, L. s. n. ii. 988. 59 (1767). /b^m, Fb.; LI. ; 
 Fin. ;" Mg. ; Ct. ; Mq. ; Ztt.culiciformis, Fb, ; Gin. ; Shr. ; Mg. 
 kl. clavipes, ~Fb.pilipes, Ct. ! b. e. 661. Nigra, cinereo-suffusa, alis 
 cinereis. Long. 2-2i; alar. 4-5 lin. 
 
 Black, with a cinereous covering, thinly clothed with black hairs. 
 
PLATYPALPUS. 121 
 
 Labrum and lingua tawny. Palpi clothed with short black hairs. 
 Wings grey \ stigma brown. Halteres yellow. Legs clothed with 
 short black hairs, beset with black bristles. 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. vitripennis, Mg. zw. ii. 348. 2 (1820); Ct.; Mq.; Ztt. -fu- 
 nebris v., Fin. Niger, cinereo-suffusus, alls limpidis, tarsis pedibusque 
 anterioribus nonnunquam fuscis. Long. 1| 2 ; alar. 4-4 1- lin. 
 
 Black, with a cinereous covering, thinly clothed with black hairs. 
 Labrum and lingua tawny. Palpi clothed with very short black hairs. 
 Things colourless-, stigma very pale brown. Halteres pale yellow. 
 Legs clothed with short black hairs, beset with black bristles ; tarsi 
 and anterior legs often brown. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 3. femoratus, Mir. pr. 2135 (lll^.flampes, Fb. ; Mg. ; Fin. ; 
 Ct. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Gr. ! ic. pi. 94. f. 6. Niger, cinereo-suffusus, alls lim- 
 pidis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tibiisque posticis nigris. Long. If- 2 ; 
 alar. 4-4^ lin. 
 
 Black, with a cinereous covering, thinly clothed with black hairs. 
 Labrum and lingua tawny. Palpi clothed with very short black hairs. 
 Wings colourless; stigma indistinct. Halteres pale yellow. Legs tawny; 
 hind femora and hind tibias black, beset with black bristles, clothed 
 with rather long whitish hairs. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.S.I.) 
 
 4. fumipennis, Mg. zw. ii. 319. 4 (1820); Ahr. ; Ct. Niger, 
 cinereo-suffusus, alia subfusco-cinereis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tibiisque 
 posticis nigris. Long. 2 ; alar. 4|- lin. 
 
 Black, with a cinereous covering, thinly clothed with black hairs. 
 Labrum and lingua tawny. Palpi clothed with very short black hairs. 
 Wings pale brownish-grey ; stigma pale brown. Halteres tawny. Legs 
 tawny ; hind femora and hind tibia3 black, beset with black bristles, 
 clothed with rather long whitish hairs. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 * Genus XVII. PLATYPALPUS. 
 
 PLATYPALPUS, Mq. s. n. (1827). Musca p., Fb. Empis p., Fb. Tacliy- 
 dromia p., Mg. ; Fb. ; Fin. ; Ztt. 
 
 Corpus parvum, sa3pe minutissimum, oblongum, glabrum, parum setu- 
 losum. Color corporis niger, fuscus, flavus ; pictura prseter annulos 
 pedum nulla. Caput parvum. Oculi fusci, unicolores, interdum 
 a3neo-micantes, in utroque sexu remoti. Proboscis capite brevior. 
 Palpi compressi, squamaBformes, incumbentes, apice ciliati. Antenna 
 4-articulata3, capite sa3pius breyiores ; articulus tertius ovatus, acutus, 
 
122 EMPLOY. 
 
 aut conicus; quartus longus, setiformis. Alae subdilatatse ; vena 
 
 cubitalis simplex ; vents externo-medice 2 ; vena subanalis apparem ; 
 
 areola discoidalis nulla. Pedes cursorii ; coxae femoribus breviores ; 
 
 femora anteriora crassa, intermedia subtus spinulosa. 
 Mas. Anus obtusus. 
 Fcem. Anus acutus ; oviductus bifidus. 
 
 Body small, often very minute, oblong, smooth, hardly bristly. 
 Colour black, brown, or yellow; legs most often banded. Head 
 small. Eyes brown, sometimes aeneous, remote. Proboscis shorter 
 than the head. Palpi flat, broad, almost conical, ciliated at the tips. 
 Antennae 4-jointed, generally shorter than the head ; third joint oval, 
 acute, or conical ; fourth long, setiform. Wings slightly widened ; 
 cubital vein simple ; externo-medial veins 2 ; subanal vein apparent ; dis- 
 coidal areolet none. Legs formed for running ; coxes shorter than the 
 femora. Anterior femora thick; intermediate femora generally pec- 
 tinated beneath. 
 
 Male. Tip of the abdomen obtuse. 
 
 Fern. Tip of the abdomen acute. Oviduct bifid. 
 
 The Platypalpi dwell among herbage, and on the leaves of 
 shrubs and of trees, from the spring to the autumn; they are 
 very active, and run with great swiftness. The species may be 
 grouped thus : 
 
 a. Antennae shorter than the head ; palpi pale yellow or white. 
 b. Legs for the most part all yellow. 
 
 c. Thorax cinereous or hoary. Species 1-22. 
 c c. Thorax black, shining. Species 23, 24. 
 c c c. Thorax tawny or yellow. Species 25-31. 
 b b. Legs for the most part black or obscure. Species 32-36. 
 a a. Antennae longer than the head. Species 37-41. 
 
 1. flavipes, Fb. e. s. iv. 406. 19(1794); LI. ; Mg.; Mq. ; Ztt. 
 vulgaris, Mg. kl. Cinereus, capite cano, antennis nigris, alis lim- 
 pidis, abdomine nigro, pedibus fiavis, tarsorum articulis apice genubusque 
 posterioribus nigris. Long. 1J 1^; alar. 3^4 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head hoary, clothed above with black hairs, beneath 
 with white hairs. Eyes red ; facets larger on each side than above. 
 Palpi yellow. Antennae, black, nearly as long as the head. Wings 
 colourless ; veins brown, tawny at the base. Halteres yellow. Abdo- 
 men black, shining. Legs yellow, clothed with very short black hairs ; 
 tips of the tibia3 darker ; hinder knees and tips of the joints of the tarsi 
 black ; middle femora thick ; middle tibias curved, tips of their apical 
 spines black. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. maculipes, , Mg. d. iii. 79.27(1822); Ztt. Cinereus, anten- 
 nis nigris, alis limpidis, abdomine nigro, segmentorum suturis cams, pedi- 
 bus fulvis, tarsorum articulis apice nigris. Long. 1 ; alar. 3} lin. 
 
PLATYPALPUS. 128 
 
 Grey, beset with a few black bristles. Palpi yellow. Antennae 
 black ; third joint broad, conical, a little shorter than the first and the 
 second ; fourth much longer than the third. Wings colourless ; stig- 
 ma brown, long, narrow ; veins brown, tawny at the base. Halteres 
 pale yellow. Abdomen black, shining ; sutures of the segments hoary. 
 Legs tawny, stout ; tips of the joints of the tarsi black ; middle femora 
 very thick ; middle tibiae curved. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 3. agilis, Mg. zw. iii. 80. 29 (1822) ; Ztt. Cinereus, capite an- 
 tico albo, antennis nigris, alis limpidis, abdomine nigro, pedibus fulvis, 
 tarsis fuscis bad fulvis, femoribus anterioribus fusco-vittatis, femoribus 
 posticisfuscis. Long. 1^-1^-; alar. 3-*-- 4 lin. 
 
 Grey. Head shining white in front. Palpi yellow. Antennae black ; 
 third joint conical, rather short ; fourth much longer than all the pre- 
 ceding. Wings colourless ; veins brown, tawny towards the base ; 
 third and fourth longitudinal veins very slightly curved towards each 
 other. Halteres yellow. Abdomen black, shining. Legs tawny; 
 tarsi brown, tawny towards the base ; anterior femora slightly striped 
 with brown ; hind femora mostly brown ; fore femora nearly as thick as 
 the incrassated middle femora. 
 
 Not very common. (E.) 
 
 4. bicolor, Fb. s. a. 143. 2 (1804); Mg.; Mq. ; Zit.JZavi- 
 pes, Pin. Cervinus, capite cano antice albo, antennis fuscis basi flams, 
 pectore cano, alis limpidis, abdomine nigro, pedibus fiavis, tarsorum ar- 
 ticulis apice nigris. Long. 1-li ; alar. 33$ lin. 
 
 Head hoary, white and shining in front. Palpi yellow. Antenna 
 brown ; first and second joints yellow ; third short ; fourth black, 
 slightly pubescent. Thorax fawn-colour, clothed with pale yellow hairs, 
 hoary beneath. Wings colourless ; veins yellow, tawny towards the 
 tips. Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen black, shining, with a triangular 
 cinereous spot on each side of every segment. Legs yellow ; tips of the 
 joints of the tarsi black ; middle femora thick ; middle tibiae curved ; 
 tips of their apical spines black. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 5. paUidiventris, Mg. zw. iii. 82. 35(1822); Mq. ; Ztt.JZavipes 
 var. minor, Fin. Cinereus, capite cano antice albo, antennis fuscis basi 
 
 fulvis, pectore cano, alis limpidis, abdomine nigro subtus fulvo, pedibus 
 flavis, tarsorum articulis apice fuscis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head hoary, shining white in front. Palpi yellow. 
 Antennae brown, slender, rather short ; first and second joints tawny. 
 Thorax hoary beneath. Wings colourless ; veins and halteres yellow ; 
 third and fourth longitudinal veins slightly curved towards each other. 
 Abdomen black, shining, tawny beneath. Legs yellow ; tips of the joints 
 of the tarsi brown ; middle femora thick ; middle tibias slightly curved, 
 tibiae rather thick. 
 
124 EMPID^E. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Saunders's collection. (E.) 
 
 6. albicornis, Ztt. d. s. i. 279. 9 (1842). Canus, capite antico 
 albo, antennis alls halteribusque albis, abdomine nigro, pedibus flavis, 
 tarsorum articulis apice obscurioribus. Long. 1^1^; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Hoary. Head shining white in front, clothed behind with white 
 hairs. Palpi white. Antennae white; third joint conical, a little 
 shorter than the first and the second ; fourth darker and longer than 
 the third. Wings whitish ; veins pale yellow ; third and fourth longi- 
 tudinal veins nearly parallel. Halteres white. Abdomen black, shining. 
 Legs pale yellow ; tips of the joints of the tarsi darker ; tip of the fifth 
 joint blackish; middle femora rather thick; middle tibiae slightly 
 curved ; fore femora nearly as thick as the middle femora. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 7. cursitans, Fb. s. i. 11. 447. 60 (1781); Mg. ; Mq.; Ztt. 
 Cinereus, capite cano antice albo, antennis nigris basi luteis, alis sub- 
 fulvis, abdomine subtus fulvo, pedibus fulvis, tarsorum articulis apice 
 nigris. Long. 1^-2 ; alar. 4-15 lin. 
 
 Cinereous, thinly clothed with pale yellow hairs. Head hoary, 
 shining, white in front, clothed behind with whitish hairs. Palpi 
 yellow. Antennae black, pubescent ; first and second joints luteous ; 
 third conical, a little longer than the first and the second ; fourth very 
 much longer than all the preceding. Thorax grey beneath. Wings 
 sligJitly tawny ; veins tawny ; fourth; longitudinal vein slightly curved, 
 not parallel with the third. Halteres yellow. Abdomen tawny beneath. 
 Legs tawny, clothed with tawny hairs, and with a few black bristles ; 
 tips of the joints of the tarsi black ; middle femora thick ; middle tibiae 
 curved ; fore femora rather thick ; fore tibiae slightly curved. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 8. calceatus, Mg. zw. iii. 87. 45 (1822); Mq.; m.flavipes 
 var. y, Fin. Cinereus, capite cano antice albo, antennis nigris basi 
 fulvis, alis limpidis, abdomine nigro, pedttus flavis, tarsis apice nigris. 
 
 Long, j-1 ; alar. 1 J-2 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head hoary, shining white in front. Palpi white. 
 Antennae black ; first and second joints tawny ; third conical, a little 
 shorter than the first and the second ; fourth as long as the three pre- 
 ceding. Thorax beset with a few black bristles. Wings colourless ; 
 veins and halteres yellow ; third and fourth longitudinal veins nearly 
 parallel. Abdomen black, shining. Legs yellow ; tips of the tarsi 
 black ; middle femora thick ; middle tibiae curved. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 9. ecalceatus, Ztt. i. 1. 550. 6 (1839). Cinereus, capite cano 
 antice albo, antennis flams apice nigris, alis limpidis, abdomine nigro, 
 pedibus flavis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2i lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head hoary, shining white in front. Palpi white. 
 
PLATTPALPUS. 125 
 
 Antenna yellow ; third joint conical, as long as the first and the second ; 
 fourth black, longer than the third. Wings colourless; veins and 
 halteres yellow ; third and fourth longitudinal veins nearly parallel. 
 Abdomen black, shining. Legs yellow ; middle femora thick ; middle 
 tibiae curved. 
 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 10. articulatus, Mq. d. n. 98. 10 (1827); Mg. ; Ztt. Cinereus, 
 capite cano antice albo, antennis nigris basi fulvis, pectore cano, alis 
 limpidis, abdomine nigro, pedibus fiavis, tarsorum articulis apice nigris. 
 Long, li-H ; alar. 2^-3 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head hoary, shining white in front, clothed behind with 
 white hairs. Palpi white. Antennae black, pubescent ; first and second 
 joints tawny ; third conical, longer than the first and the second ; 
 fourth a little longer than the third. Thorax beset with a few yellow 
 bristles, hoary beneath. Wings colourless ; veins and halteres yellow ; 
 third and fourth longitudinal veins nearly parallel. Abdomen black, 
 shining. Legs yellow ; tips of the joints of the tarsi black ; middle 
 femora thick ; middle tibiae curved. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 11. candicans, Fin. d. s. emp. 10. 11 (1815); Mg. ; Ztt. 
 fasciata? Mg. Cinereus, antennis nigris basi fulvis, alis limpidis, 
 abdomine nigro, segmentis anterioribus utrinque cinereis, pedibus flams. 
 Long. H-H ; alar. 2|-3 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Palpi white. Antenna black; first and second joints 
 pale yellow ; third joint conical, longer than the first and the second ; 
 fourth much longer than the third. Wings colourless; veins and 
 halteres pale yellow; fourth longitudinal vein slightly curved, not 
 parallel to the third. Abdomen black, shining; anterior segments 
 cinereous on each side. Legs pale yellow ; tips of the tarsi brown ; 
 middle femora thick ; middle tibia3 slightly curved. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 12. fulvipes, Mgrle.; Mg. zw. iii. 78. 25 (1822). Cinereus, 
 capite cano antice albo, antennis nigris, alis sublimpidis ad costam sub- 
 fulvis, abdomine nigro, pedibus fulvis, tarsorum articulis apice fuscis. 
 
 Long. 1^ ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head hoary, shining white in front. Palpi yellow. 
 Antenna black ; third joint conical, a little longer than the first and 
 the second ; fourth much longer than the third. Wings almost colour- 
 less, with a slight tawny tinge along the fore border ; veins tawny, 
 brown towards the tips ; third and fourth lorigitudinal veins slightly 
 converging. Abdomen black, shining. Legs tawny ; tips of the joints 
 of the tarsi brown ; middle femora thick, more or less brown ; middle 
 tibiae curved. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
126 EMPID.E. 
 
 13. infuscatus, Mq. ; Mg. d. iii. 84. 39 (1822) ; Mq. Cinereus, 
 capite cano antice albo, antennis nigris basi fulvis, alls fusco-cinereis 
 ad costam flavis, abdomine nigro, pedibus fulvis, tarsorum articulis 
 apice nigris. Long. 1-1 i ; alar. 2^-3 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head hoary, shining white in front, clothed with white 
 hairs behind. Palpi yellow. Antenna black ; first and second joints 
 tawny ; third tapering, much longer than the first and the second ; 
 fourth much longer than the third. Wings brownish-grey ', yellow along 
 the fore border for two-thirds of the length from the base ; veins black, 
 yellow along the fore border. Halteres yellowish-white. Abdomen 
 black, shining. Legs tawny ; tips of the joints of the tarsi black ; 
 middle femora thick ; middle tibiae curved. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 14. varius, n. Cinereus, capite albo, palpis flavo-albis, antennis 
 nigris basi flavis, pectore albido, alis limpidis, abdomine fulvo maculis 
 fuscis bivittato, pedibus flavis. Long. If ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Hoary. Head white. Palpi yellowish-white. Antenna black ; first 
 and second joints yellow ; third tapering, much longer than the first 
 and the second ; fourth as long as all the preceding. Thorax beset 
 with a few yellow bristles, whitish beneath. Wings colourless ; veins 
 pale yellow ; fourth longitudinal vein much curved towards the third. 
 Halteres yellowish- white. Abdomen tawny, with 2 rows of brown spots, 
 which are sometimes united and cover the whole back. Legs yellow ; 
 middle femora thick ; middle tibiaa slightly curved ; fore femora a little 
 thicker than the hind femora. 
 
 Not common. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 15. fascipes, Mg. zw. iii. 78. 22 (1822). Cinereus, antennis 
 nigris, alis limpidis, abdomine nigro, pedibus flavis, femoribus inter- 
 mediis fusco-cinctis, femoribus posticis fulvo-cinctis, tibiis apice non- 
 nunquam fulvis, tarsorum articulis apice nigris. Long, li; alar. 
 3 lin. 
 
 Grey. Palpi yellow. Antenna black ; third joint lanceolate, longer 
 than the first and the second ; fourth as long as the third. Wings 
 colourless ; veins brown, yellow towards the base ; fourth longitudinal 
 vein very slightly curved towards the third. Halteres yellow. Abdo- 
 men black, shining. Legs yellow ; a broad brown band on each of the 
 very thick middle femora, and a narrow tawny band on each of the hind 
 femora ; fore femora thick ; tips of the tibia? sometimes tawny ; middle 
 tibia? curved ; tips of the joints of the tarsi black. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 16. fasciatus, Mg.! zw. iii. 86. 43. pi. 23. f. 22 (1822). 'Cer- 
 vinus, capite cano antice albo, antennis nigris basi fulvis, alis limpidis, 
 abdomine cinereo nigro-fasciato, pedibus fulvis, tarsorum articulis apice 
 fuscis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Fawn-colour. Head hoary, shining white in front, clothed with 
 
PLATYPALPUS. 127 
 
 white hairs behind. Palpi tawny. Antenna black, pubescent ; first 
 and second joints tawny ; third conical, a little longer than the first and 
 the second ; fourth much longer than all the preceding joints. Wings 
 colourless ; veins and halteres yellow ; third and fourth longitudinal 
 veins slightly converging. Abdomen cinereous, with a more or less 
 interrupted shining black stripe along the back. Legs tawny ; tips of 
 the joints of the tarsi brown ; middle femora thick ; middle tibiae 
 curved ; fore femora nearly as thick as the middle femora. 
 Bare. (E. I.) 
 
 17. laticinctus, n. Cinereus, capite antico albo, antennis nigris 
 basi fulvis, alls sublimpidis, abdomine nigro, pedibus fulvis, femoribus 
 fusco-cinctis, tarsis apice fuscis. Long. If ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head shining white in front. Palpi yellow. Antenna 
 black, pubescent ; first and second joints dark tawny ; third conical, a 
 little longer than the first and the second ; fourth much longer than 
 the third. Thorax beset with a few tawny bristles, grey beneath. 
 Wings nearly colourless ; veins brown, yellow towards the base ; third 
 and fourth longitudinal veins slightly converging. Halteres pale 
 yellow. Abdomen black, shining. Legs tawny, stout ; tips of the 
 tarsi brown ; femora brown, tawny at the base and at the tips ; middle 
 femora thick ; middle tibia? hardly curved ; fore femora rather thick. 
 
 Bare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 18. dichroa, Mg. zw. iii. 83. 36 (1822). Cinereus, antennis 
 nigris, alis limpidis, halteribus flavis, abdomine nigro, pedibus fulvis, 
 tarsorum articulis apice genubusque intermediis nigris. Long. 1^; 
 alar. 3i lin. 
 
 Grey. Palpi yellow. Antennae black ; third joint long-conical, 
 longer than the first and the second ; fourth longer than the third. 
 Thorax beset with a few black bristles. Wings colourless ; veins black, 
 tawny towards the base ; third and fourth longitudinal veins nearly 
 parallel. Halteres yellow. Abdomen black, shining. Legs tawny ; tips 
 of the joints of the tarsi black ; middle legs with thick femora, black 
 knees, and curved tibiae. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 19. divisus, n. Cinereus, capite cano antice albo, antennis flams 
 apice nigris, alis subflavis apice subcinereis, abdomine nigro, pedibus 
 
 flavis. Long. \\ ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head hoary, shining white in front, clothed behind with 
 white hairs. Palpi white. Antenna yellow ; third joint black towards 
 the tip, conical, longer than the first and the second ; fourth black, 
 longer than the third. Wings tinged with pale yellow, slightly grey at 
 the tips; veins and halteres pale yellow ; third and fourth longitudinal 
 veins nearly parallel. Abdomen black, shining. Legs yellow ; tips of 
 the tarsi black ; middle femora thick ; middle tibiaa curved. 
 Bare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
128 EMPID^E. 
 
 20. commiles, n. Cinereus, antennis nigris, alls sublimpidis, 
 abdomine nigro subtus fulvo, pedibus fulvis, tarsis fuscis basi fulvis, 
 genubus posterioribus fuscis. Long, li-li ; alar. 3^-4 lin. 
 
 Grey. Head clothed above with black hairs, beneath with white 
 hairs. Palpi yellow. Antennas black, pubescent, nearly as long as 
 the head ; fourth joint long, slightly pubescent. Wings nearly colour- 
 less ; veins brown, tawny at the base. Halteres yellow. Abdomen 
 clothed with short whitish hairs, black and shining above, tawny 
 beneath. Legs tawny, clothed with very short pale yellow hairs ; tarsi 
 brown ; first joint tawny, with a brown tip ; second joint tawny at the 
 base ; tips of the hind tibia3 dark tawny ; hinder knees brown. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 21. compungens, n. Cinereus, capite cano, antennis fuscis 
 apice nigris, alis limpidis, abdomine nigro basi subtus fulvo, pedibus 
 flavis. Long. 1|- ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Cinereous, clothed with pale yellow hairs. Head hoary. Palpi 
 yellow. AntennaB brown; third joint as long as the first and the 
 second ; fourth black, longer than all the preceding. Wings colourless ; 
 veins brown. Halteres yellow. Abdomen black, shining, tawny towards 
 the base beneath. Legs yellow ; tips of the tarsi black ; middle femora 
 very slightly thickened ; middle tibia? very slightly curved. 
 
 Eare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 22. robustus, Wlk. e. m. iv. 228 (1837). Cinereus, capite cano, 
 palpis albidis, antennis nigris basi fulvis, alis limpidis, abdomine nigro, 
 pedibus fulvis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Cinereous, rather stout. Head hoary. Palpi whitish. Antenna 
 black ; first and second joints tawny ; third tapering, longer than the 
 first and the second ; fourth much longer than the third. Wings co- 
 lourless ; veins and halteres yellow ; third and fourth longitudinal veins 
 very slightly converging. Abdomen black, shining. Legs tawny, 
 stout; middle femora very thick; middle tibia3 curved; fore femora 
 thick. 
 
 Eare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 23. ciliaris, Fin. d. s. emp. 33. 1,2 (1815); Mg.; Ztt. Niger, 
 thoracis lateribus canis, alis sublimpidis, halteribus albis, pedibus flavis. 
 Long. 1-3 i; alar. 3-4 lin. 
 
 Black, shining, slender. Palpi pale yellow. Antennae pubescent ; 
 third joint tapering, longer than the first and the second ; fourth longer 
 than the third. Thorax hoary on each side. Wings nearly colourless ; 
 veins brown, tawny towards the base ; second longitudinal vein nearly 
 straight; third and fourth almost parallel. Halteres white. Legs 
 yellow ; tips of the tarsi black ; middle femora very little thicker than 
 the other femora ; middle tibiae very slightly curved. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
PLATYPALPUS. 129 
 
 24. mundus, Wlk. e. m. iv. 228 (1837). Niger, palpis flavis, 
 alls limpidis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus posterioribus nigris, tarsis apice 
 fuscis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Black, shining. Proboscis rather long, Palpi yellow. Third joint 
 of the antennae short-conical, broader but not longer than the first and 
 the second; fourth longer than all the preceding joints. Wings colour- 
 less ; veins brown, tawny towards the base ; second longitudinal vein 
 almost straight ; third and fourth nearly parallel. Halteres pale yellow. 
 Legs tawny ; posterior femora black ; middle femora thick ; middle 
 tibiae curved ; tips of the tarsi pale brown. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Ent. Club. (E.) 
 
 25. luteus, Mq.; Fin. d. s. emp. 10. 10 (1815); Mg. ; Mq. ; 
 Ztt. Luteus vel ferruginous, antennis fuscis basi flavis, alls limpidis, 
 venis nigris, pedibus fulvis, tarsorum articulis apice obscurioribus. 
 Long. H-2; alar. 3-4^ lin. 
 
 Luteous or ferruginous, stout, smooth, shining. Head yellow. 
 Proboscis luteous. Palpi yellow. Antennae brown ; first and second 
 joints yellow ; third conical, a little longer than the first and the se- 
 cond ; fourth black, pubescent, much longer than all the preceding joints. 
 Wings colourless; veins black, tawny towards the J)ase. Halteres 
 tawny. Legs tawny; tips of the joints of the tarsi ^darker ; middle 
 femora thick ; middle tibiae curved. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 26. glaber, Mg. zw. iii. 89. 52 (1822); Ztt.? Luteus, capite 
 cano, antennis fuscis basi flavis, alis limpidis, venis fulvis, pedibus 
 flavis. Long, li; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Pale luteous, smooth, shining. Head hoary. Proboscis tawny, with 
 a black tip. Palpi whitish. Antennae brown ; first and second joints 
 pale yellow ; third conical, a little longer than the first and the second ; 
 fourth pubescent, a little longer than the third. Wings colourless; 
 veins tawny; third and fourth longitudinal veins parallel. Halteres 
 yellow. Legs yellow ; tips of the tarsi black ; middle femora a little 
 thickened ; middle tibiae slightly curved. This species does not quite 
 agree with Zetterstedt's P. glaber, whose middle femora are described 
 as being very thick. 
 
 Eare. In the collection of the Ent. Club. (E.) 
 
 27. pectoralis, Fin. d. s. emp. 9. 8 (1815); Ztt.gilvipes, Mg. 
 Luteus, capite cinereo, antennis nigris, thorace nigro-vittato, alis sub- 
 cinereis, stigmate nigro, abdomine fusco vel nigro subtus nonnunquam 
 
 fulvo, pedibus fulvis. Long. li-l; alar. 3-3^ lin. 
 
 Luteous, smooth, shining. Head grey. Proboscis black. Palpi 
 whitish. Antennae black; third joint conical, as long as the first and 
 the second; fourth pubescent, as long as all the preceding joints. 
 Thorax with a black stripe. Wings slightly grey ; stigma black, long 
 and narrow ; veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres tawny. 
 
 VOL. i. s 
 
130 EMPID^E. 
 
 Abdomen brown or black, sometimes tawny beneath. Legs tawny ; tips 
 of the tarsi black ; middle femora thick ; middle tibiae curved. 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 28. stramineipes, Ztt. d. s. i. 296. 29 (l%W).pectoralis, Mg. ; 
 Mq. Luteus, capite cinereo, antennis nigris, thorace nigro-vittato, alls 
 limpidis, stigmate flaw, abdomine nigro, pedibus fulvis. Long, li ; 
 alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Luteous, smooth, shining. Head grey. Proboscis black. Palpi 
 whitish. Antennas black ; third joint conical, a little shorter than the 
 first and the second ; fourth pubescent, longer than all the preceding. 
 Thorax with a Hack stripe. Wings colourless ; stigma yellow, long and 
 narrow ; veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres tawny. Ab- 
 domen black, sometimes tawny towards the tip. Legs tawny ; tips of 
 the tarsi brown ; middle femora thick ; middle tibiae curved. 
 
 Not rare. (E. I.) 
 
 29. flavipennis, n. Luteus, capite cano antice argenteo, an- 
 tennis fuscis basi fulvis, alis Jlavescentibus, pedibus fulvis. Long, li ; 
 alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Luteous. Head hoary, silvery-white in front. Proboscis tawny, 
 with a black tip. Palpi pale yellow. Antennae brown; first and 
 second joints tawny ; third conical, as long as the first and the second ; 
 fourth black, pubescent, longer than all the preceding. Wings yellowish, 
 especially along the fore borders ; veins and halteres yellow ; third and 
 fourth longitudinal veins parallel. Legs tawny ; tips of the tarsi black ; 
 middle femora thick ; middle tibiae curved. 
 
 Bare. In the collection of the Ent. Club. (E.) 
 
 30. pulchellus, n. Luteus, antennis nigris basi fulvis, thorace 
 nigro-vittato, alis sublimpidis, abdomine nigro cano-quadrivittato, pedibus 
 fulvis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 2^ lin. 
 
 Luteous. Head and proboscis black. Palpi whitish. Antennae 
 black ; first and second joints dark tawny ; third conical, as long as 
 the first and the second ; fourth very much longer than all the pre- 
 ceding joints. Thorax with a broad black stripe on the back, partly 
 black beneath. Wings nearly colourless ; veins brown, pale yellow to- 
 wards the base ; fourth longitudinal vein very slightly inclined towards 
 the third. Halteres yellowish- white. Abdomen black, with four broad 
 hoary bands. Legs pale tawny ; tips of the tarsi brown ; middle femora 
 thick ; middle tibiae curved ; fore femora rather slender. 
 
 Bare. In the collection of the Ent. Club. (E.) 
 
 81. formalis, n. Fulvus, antennis apice nigris, alis limpidissimis, 
 pedibus flavis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Tawny, slender. Proboscis with a black tip. Palpi pale yellow. 
 Antennas tawny ; third joint brown towards the tip, as long as the 
 first and the second ; fourth black, pubescent, as long as all the pre- 
 
PLATYPALPUS. 131 
 
 ceding. Wings quite colourless, very transparent', veins black, yellow 
 towards the base. Halteres yellow. Legs yellow; tips of the tarsi 
 brown ; middle femora thick ; middle tibiae curved. 
 Bare. In the collection of the Ent. Club. (E.) 
 
 32. annulatus, Lin. emp. 7. 2 (1815); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Cine- 
 reus, capite cano antice albo, antennis nigris basi fulvis, pectore cano, 
 alis limpidis, abdomine nigro, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tibiis apice 
 tarsorumque articulis plerumque apice nigris. Long. !- 1^; alar. 
 3-31 lin. 
 
 Cinereous, Head hoary, clothed behind with white hairs ; epistoma 
 shining white. Proboscis black. Palpi yellow. Antennae black, pu- 
 bescent ; first and second joints tawny ; third conical, a little longer 
 than the first and the second ; fourth longer than all the preceding 
 joints. Thorax hoary beneath. Wings colourless; veins yellow, 
 brown towards the tips ; fourth longitudinal vein inclined towards the 
 third. Halteres yellow. Abdomen black, shining. Legs tawny; 
 anterior femora mostly black ; hind femora slightly tinged with black, 
 sometimes quite black ; middle femora very thick ; middle tibiae curved ; 
 tips of the hind tibia and of the joints of the tarsi black, the latter, 
 especially the hind pair, sometimes all black excepting the base. Male. 
 Fore femora and fore tibia3 thick ; fore tibiae black at the tips, some- 
 times all black excepting the base. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 33. minutus, Mg. zw. iii. 76. 20 (1822); Mq. ; Ztt. annula- 
 tus var. )3, Fin. Niger, capite thoracis lateribus pectoreque canis, 
 alis limpidis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus nigro-cinctis, tibiis posteriori- 
 bus basi apiceque nigris, tarsis flavis nigro-cinctis. Long. 1-1 i ; alar. 
 2-2> lin. 
 
 Black, shining. Head hoary. Palpi yellow. Third joint of the 
 antennas conical, nearly as long as the first and the second ; fourth as 
 long as all the preceding. Thorax hoary on each side and beneath. 
 Wings colourless ; veins black, yellow at the base ; third and fourth 
 longitudinal veins very slightly converging towards the tips. Halteres 
 tawny ; femora black^ tawny at the base and at the tips ; middle femora 
 thick ; fore femora rather thick ; tibife tawny / posterior tibia black at 
 the base and at the tips ; middle tibiae curved, sometimes black ; tarsi 
 yellow ; tips of the joints black. Male. Fore tibiae thick. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 34. castanipes? Mg. zw. iii. 79. 26 (1822). Cinereus, antennis 
 nigris, alis limpidis, abdomine pedibusque nigris, tibiis posterioribus 
 
 fuscis, tarsis basi tibiisque anticis fulvis. Long. 1^; alar. 2^ lin. 
 
 Grey. Proboscis black. Palpi yellow. Antennae black; third 
 joint conical, as long as the first and the second ; fourth a little longer 
 than the third. Wings colourless ; veins black, tawny at the base ; 
 third and fourth longitudinal veins slightly inclined towards each other. 
 
132 EMPIDvE. 
 
 Halteres yellow. Abdomen black, shining. Legs black; posterior 
 femora thick ; posterior tibia brown ; middle tibiae slightly curved ; fore 
 tibia tawny ; tarsi tawny at the base* 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Ent. Club. (E.) 
 
 35. exiguus? Mg. zw. iii. 81. 31 (1822). Niger, palpis flavis, 
 thorace subcinereo, ah's limpidis, halteribus albis, pedibus fulvis, femo- 
 ribus nigris, tibiis posticis apicefuscis, tar sis basifulvis. Long, f; alar. 
 21in. 
 
 Black, shining. Palpi yellow. Third joint of the antennae conical, 
 a little longer than the first and the second ; fourth much longer than 
 the third. Thorax slightly grey, Wings colourless; veins brown, 
 tawny towards the base ; third and fourth longitudinal veins almost 
 parallel. Halteres white. Legs tawny ; femora black ; middle femora 
 thick ; middle tibia? slightly curved ; tips of the hind tibia brown- ; tarsi 
 black, tawny towards the base. This may be distinct from Meigen's 
 P. exiguus, whose tarsi are ferruginous, with black tips to the joints. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Ent. Club. (E.) 
 
 36. dubius, n. Cinereus, capite pectoreque canis, antennis nigris, 
 alis limpidis, halteribus albis, abdomine pedibusque nigris, tibiis anticis 
 basi genubusque anterioribus fulvis, tarsorum anticorum articulis basi 
 flavis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3^ lin. 
 
 Grey. Head hoary. Palpi yellow. Antennae black ; third joint 
 conical, longer than the first and second ; fourth much longer than 
 the third. Thorax hoary beneath. Wings colourless ; veins brown, 
 tawny towards the base ; fourth longitudinal vein slightly inclined 
 towards the third. Halteres white. Abdomen black, shining. Legs 
 black ; middle femora thick ; fore femora rather thick ; anterior knees 
 tawny ; middle tibiae slightly curved ; fore tibia tawny at the base ; 
 joints of the fore tarsi yellow at the base. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Ent. Club. (E.) 
 
 37. pallipes, Fin. d. s. emp. 8. 6 (1815); Mg.; Ztt. Cams, 
 antennis nigris, ah's limpidis, halteribus flavis, abdomine nigro, pedibus 
 
 flams. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Hoary. Proboscis black. Palpi yellow. Antennae black; third 
 joint tapering, longer than the first and the second ; fourth longer than 
 the third. Abdomen black, shining. Wings colourless; veins and 
 halteres yellow; third and fourth longitudinal veins nearly parallel. 
 Abdomen black, shining. Legs pale yellow; middle femora thick; 
 middle tibiae slightly curved. 
 Not rare. (E. S.) 
 
 38. comptus, Wlk. e. m. iv. 228 (1837). stigmatellus, Ztt. d. s. 
 i. 306. 41. pallipes, var. a, Ztt. i. 1. 553. 16. Niger, palpis flavis, 
 alis limpidis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus posterioribiis tibiisque posticis apice 
 tibiis anticis tarsisque nigris. Long. 1-li ; alar. 2^-3 lin. 
 
PLATYPALPUS. 133 
 
 Black y smooth, shining. Palpi yellow. Antennae long; second 
 joint a little longer than the first ; third linear, about twice the length 
 of the first and the second ; fourth much shorter than the third. 
 Wings colourless ; veins black, tawny at the base ; third and fourth 
 longitudinal veins almost parallel. Halteres pale yellow, black towards 
 the base. Legs tawny ; femora compressed; tips of the posterior femora 
 and of the hind tibia black ; middle femora very broad ; middle tibiae 
 curved ; fore tibiae black ; tarsi black, tawny towards the base. Male, 
 Antennae longer than those of the female. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 39. nigritarsis, Fin. d. s. emp. 34. 1, 2 (1815); Mg.; Ztt. Niger, 
 alis subcinereis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus posticis apice tibiis anticis tar- 
 sisque nigris. Long. | J; alar. 1| 2 lin. 
 
 Black, shining. Palpi yellow. Antennae slender; fourth joint 
 rather short. Wings very slightly tinged with grey ; veins black ; third 
 and fourth longitudinal veins almost parallel. Halteres yellow. Legs 
 tawny ; tarsi, fore tibiae, and tips of the hind femora black ; posterior 
 tarsi tawny at the base ; middle femora thick ; middle tibiae curved. 
 
 Not rare. (E. I.) 
 
 40. dissimilis, Mn. d. s. emp. 9. 9 (1815) ; Mg. ; Ztt. Cinereus, 
 capite cano antice albo, antennis fuscis, alis limpidis, abdomine nigro 
 basi et subtus fulvo, pedibus flavis, tarsorum articulis apice nigris. 
 Long. H ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head hoary, shining white in front. Proboscis black. 
 Palpi yellow. Antennae brown. Wings colourless ; veins and halteres 
 yellow ; third and fourth longitudinal veins nearly parallel. Abdomen 
 black, shining, tawny beneath and towards the base. Legs yellow ; tips 
 of the joints of the tarsi black ; middle femora a little thicker than the 
 fore pair ; middle tibiae slightly curved ; fore femora rather thick. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Ent. Club. (E.) 
 
 41. longicomis, Mg. zw. iii. 73. 12. pi. 23. f. 17 (1822). Cams, 
 antennis nigris, alis limpidis, halteribus flavo-albis, abdomine nigro, 
 pedibu* fulvis, tarsorum articulis apice fuscis. Long, li; alar. 2^-3 lin. 
 
 Hoary, clothed with pale yellow hairs. Proboscis black. Palpi 
 yellow. Antennae black ; third joint pubescent, linear, conical at the 
 tip, longer than the first and the second ; fourth half the length of the 
 third. Wings colourless ; veins brown, yellow at the base ; third and 
 fourth longitudinal veins almost parallel. Halteres yellowish-white. 
 Abdomen black, shining. Legs pale tawny, pubescent ; tips of the 
 joints of the tarsi pale brown ; middle femora very slightly thickened ; 
 middle tibiae very slightly curved. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
134 EMPLOYE. 
 
 Genus XVIII. ELAPHROPEZA. 
 
 ELAPHROPEZA, Mq. d. n. (1827); Ztt. Tackydromia p., Fin. Heme- 
 rodromia p., Mg. 
 
 Corpus minutum, oblongum, glabrum, parum setulosura. Color luteus. 
 Oculi fere connexi. Proboscis brevis, verticalis. Palpi lati, pro- 
 boscide breviores. Antennae 4-articulatae ; articulus tertius lonyus, 
 conicus ; quartus setiformis. Alae sublatiores ; vena cubitalis sim- 
 plex ; venae externo-medice 2; areola discoidalis et vena subanalis 
 nullce ; areola prtebrachialis pobrachiali multo brevior. Pedes sim- 
 plices, valid! ; coxa femoribm breviores. 
 Mas. Anus obtusus. 
 Fcem. Anus acutus. 
 
 Body minute, oblong, smooth, shining, luteous. Head globose. 
 Eyes almost connected beneath and above. Proboscis short, perpen- 
 dicular. Palpi broad, shorter than the proboscis. Antennae 4-jointed ; 
 first and second joints short ; third long, conical, much longer than the 
 first and the second ; fourth setiform, a little longer than third. Wings 
 rather broad; cubital vein simple; externo-medial veins 2; discoidal 
 areolet and subanal vein none ; prcebrachial areolet much shorter than 
 the pobrachial; longitudinal veins simple; second short; third and 
 fourth very slightly diverging from each other ; fifth slightly curved 
 to the hind border. Legs simple, slender ; coxce shorter than the 
 femora. 
 
 Male. Tip of the abdomen obtuse. 
 
 Fern. Tip of the abdomen acute. 
 
 Elaphrojpeza and Platypalpus seem to be alike in habit. 
 
 1. ephippiata, Fin. d. s. emp.ii. 14 (1815) ; Mg.; Ztt. Lutea, 
 capite nigro, antennis fuscis basi flavis, thoracis vittis duabus scutel- 
 loque nigris, alis limpidis, abdomine nigro, pedibus flavis. Long. 1 ; 
 alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Luteous, smooth, shining, thinly clothed with very short black hairs, 
 beset with a few black bristles. Head black. Proboscis yellow, with 
 a brown tip. Palpi yellow. Antennae brown ; first and second joints 
 yellow ; third yellow towards the base. Thorax with 2 broad short 
 black stripes ; scutellum black. Wings colourless ; veins tawny, 
 yellow towards the base. Halteres yellow. Abdomen black. Legs 
 yellow ; tips of the tarsi pale brown. 
 
 Generally distributed ; appears in summer on herbage and on 
 the leaves of shrubs. (E. I f ) 
 
DRAPETIS. 135 
 
 Genus XIX. DRAPETIS. 
 
 DRAPETIS, Mg. zw. iii. 91 (1822); Mq.; Hal.; Ct.; Ztt. Tachy- 
 dromia p., Fin. ; Mg. 
 
 Corpus minutissimum, atrum, oblongo-ovatum, nitidum, glabrum. 
 Oculi hirsutuli, in utroque sexu parum remoti. Proboscis verti- 
 calis. Palpi lati, compressi, proboscide breviores. Antennae 4-arti- 
 culatae, capite breviores, ascendentes ; articulus tertius brevi-ovatus 
 vel rotundatus-i quartus longus, setiformis. Thorax gibbus, non 
 lobatus. Alae sublatae ; vena cubitalis simplex ; venae externo-medice 
 2 ; areola discoidalis et vena subanalis nullce ; areola prcebrachialis 
 pobrachiali multo brevior ; venae longitudinales simplices ; secunda 
 brevis, incurva ; quinta in marginem interiorem descendens. Pedes 
 nudi, simplices ; coxa femoribus breviores. 
 Mas. Abdomen subcylindiicum. Anus obtusus. 
 Fcem. Abdomen subovatum. Anus acutus. 
 
 Body very small, oblong-ovate, black, smooth, shining, beset with a 
 few black bristles. Head almost round ; epistoma very narrow. Eyes 
 somewhat parted in both sexes. Oculi 3, on a tubercle of the crown. 
 Proboscis very short, perpendicular. Palpi broad, shorter than the 
 proboscis. Labrum long, very stout, broad-ovate and convex at the 
 base, lanceolate and curved at the tip. Palpi incumbent, large, ovate, 
 furnished with a few bristles, shorter than the proboscis. Labium rather 
 small. Antennae 4-jointed, porrect, inserted between the eyes in the 
 middle of the face, approximate at the base, diverging, curved upwards, 
 as long as the head ; first joint very short ; second slightly cyathiform, 
 bearing a few bristles ; third short-oval or round, compressed ; fourth 
 setiform, pubescent, as long as all the preceding, forming an angle 
 with the third. Thorax gibbous; scutellum semicircular. Wings 
 rather broad, incumbent and parallel in repose, finely pubescent, 
 rounded at the tips ; cubital vein simple ; externo-medial veins 2 ; discal 
 areolet and subanal vein none ; prcebrachial areolet much shorter than 
 the pobrachial; longitudinal veins simple; second short, incurved, 
 scarcely extending .beyond the middle of the fore border ; fifth de- 
 scending to the interior margin. Legs long, simply pubescent, beset 
 with a few black bristles ; coxae shorter than the femora ; femora rather 
 thick ; tibiae slender ; anterior tibiae with spines at their tips ; hind 
 tibiae slightly curved. 
 
 Male. Abdomen rather long, almost cylindrical ; tip obtuse. 
 Fern. Abdomen more oval, acute. 
 
 These flies appear from the spring to the autumn ; they run 
 with extreme rapidity, and frequent herbage, trunks of trees, hot- 
 beds, and sea-weed. In hot-beds they are much infested with 
 mites. The genus may be thus divided : 
 a. Third joint of the antennae ovate. Radial vein extended beyond 
 
136 EMPLOYE. 
 
 the middle of the costa. Hind tibiae ending in a spoon-shaped 
 lobe. Species 1-4. 
 
 a a. Third joint of the antennae small, orbicular, much more com- 
 pressed than the second. Radial vein ending about the middle of 
 the costa. Hind tibiae simple. Species 5, 6. 
 
 1. aterrima, Hal.; Ct. 1 b. e. 397 (1832). Atra, alis sublimpidis, 
 halteribus flavis, genubus ferrugineis. Long. J; alar. 1^ lin. 
 
 Broad, deep black. Wings nearly colourless ; veins black, nearly 
 equally distant from each other. Halteres yellow. Knees ferruginous. 
 Rare. (E.I.) 
 
 2. nigra, Mg. zw. vi. 344. 2 (1830); Mq. Nigra, alis limpidis, 
 halteribus flavis, tibiis basi apiceque fulvis, tarsis anterioribus fuscis. 
 Long, i-f; alar. 1-1 i lin. 
 
 Black. Wings colourless; veins black. Halteres yellow. Tibice 
 tawny at the base and at the tips ; anterior tarsi brown. 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 3. exilis, Mgrle. ; Mg. zw. iii. 91. 1. pi. 23. f. 27. 28(1822) ; Mq. ; 
 Ztt. Nigra, alis limpidis, halteribus flavis, pedibm fulvis, femoribus 
 nigris, tibiis posticis nonnunquam fuscis. Long, i- f; alar. 1-1 ^ lin. 
 
 Black. Wings colourless; veins black. Halteres yellow. Legs 
 tawny ; femora black, with tawny tips; hind tibiae sometimes brown. 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 4. assimilis, Fin. d. s. emp. 8. 5 (1815). -flavipes, Mq. ; Mg. 
 exilis var., Mg. minima, Mg. ; Ztt. Nigra, alis limpidis, halteribus 
 pedibusque fulvis. Long. J ; alar. 1 lin. 
 
 Black. Wings colourless ; veins black. Halteres and legs tawny. 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 5. graminum, Em. d. s. emp. 15. 31 (1815) ; Mg. ; Hal. Nigra, 
 antennis fuscis basi flavis, alis albidis, halteribus flavis, abdominis basi 
 pedibusque fulvis. Long. ^ ; alar. |- lin. 
 
 Body black, hardly shining. Epistoma white. Proboscis black. Palpi 
 yellow. Antennae brown ; first and second joints yellow ; third nearly 
 round, hardly longer than the second; fourth nearly four times the 
 length of all the preceding. Wings whitish ; veins brown ; second lon- 
 gitudinal vein much nearer to the third than the costa ; third and 
 fourth almost parallel ; fifth slightly curved to the hind border. Hal- 
 teres yellow. Abdomen tawny towards the base. Legs tawny; fore 
 femora thick ; fore tibiae rather thick. 
 
 On herbage. (E. I.) 
 
 6. lunata, Hal. MSS. graminum var. & Fin. Fusco-cinerea, an- 
 tennis basi abdomine pedibusque ferrugineis, alis fusco-ferrugineis basi 
 apice et litura costali pallidis, femoribus anticis crassissimis. Long. ; 
 alar. { lin. 
 
 Differs chiefly in its figured wings from C. graminum. Brownish- 
 
CHERSODROMIA. 13? 
 
 grey. Eyes contiguous beneath the antennae. Antennae ferruginous 
 at the base ; third and fourth joints brown. Wings brownish-ferrugi- 
 nous, pale at the base and at the tips, and with a pale costal mark ; 
 prsebrachial areolet very narrow, three-fourths of the length of the po- 
 brachial. Abdomen and legs ferruginous ; fore femora very thick. 
 
 Bare. On sandy coasts near Dublin. In Mr. Haliday's col- 
 lection. (I.) 
 
 Genus XX. CHERSODROMIA. 
 
 CHERSODROMIA, Hal. MSS. Tachydromia p., Fin. Empis p., Ztt. 
 
 Palpi proboscide breviores. Alarum vena cubitalis simplex ; venae exter- 
 no-medice % ; areola discoidalls et vena subanalis nullce ; areola prae- 
 brachialis pobrachiali aequalis. Coxa femoribus breviores. 
 Palpi shorter than the proboscis. Wings often short ; cubital vein 
 
 simple ; externo-medial veins 2 ; discal areolet and subanal vein none ; 
 
 prcebrachial areolet about as long as the pobrachial. Legs formed for 
 
 running; COXCB shorter than the femora. 
 
 The Chersodromm mostly inhabit the sea-shore, and in their 
 
 habits resemble Drapetis ; they may be thus divided : 
 
 a. Third joint of the antennae ovate-orbiculate, as long as the second. 
 
 Species 1-3. 
 a a. Third joint of the antennae orbiculate, shorter than the second. 
 
 Species 4. 
 a a a. Third joint of the antennae more acute, almost as long as the 
 
 second. Species 5. 
 
 1. hirta, Wlk. e. m. iii. 180 (1836). Niyra, antennis nigris, 
 alls albidis ad costam subfuscis, halteribus ferrugineis, pedibus nigris. 
 Long. If ; alar. 3^ lin. 
 
 Black, hardly shining, clothed with black hairs and with a few 
 black bristles. Proboscis and palpi black. Antennae black; third 
 joint nearly round, a little longer than the second; fourth twice the 
 length of all the preceding. Wings whitish, indistinctly tinged with 
 pale brown along the fore border ; veins dark brown ; second longitu- 
 dinal vein much nearer to the costa than to the third ; third and fourth 
 very slightly diverging from each other; fifth straight. Halter es fer- 
 ruginous. Legs black, stout, hairy, beset with a few black bristles ; an- 
 terior femora and fore tibiae rather thick. 
 
 Eare. Appears in summer and autumn on sandy sea-coasts, 
 among fuci. (E. I.) 
 
 2. cursitans, Ztt. a. holm. 82 (1819); Fin. Nigra, obscura, alis 
 infumatis fusco-venosis, halteribus fuscis, tibiis posterioribus praesertim 
 pilis longioribus. Long, f- ; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 VOL. I. T 
 
138 EMPLOYE. 
 
 Black, dull. Wings clouded ; veins and halteres brown. Posterior 
 tibiae bristly. 
 
 Bare. Inhabits the sea-coast. (E. I.) 
 
 3. incana, Hal. MSS. Canescens, facie et palpis albicantibus, alls 
 albis, abdomine nudo, pedibus fuscis. Long. -| ; alar. 1 lin. 
 
 Hoary. Face and palpi whitish. Antennae with the second and 
 third joints of equal length ; fourth a little longer than all the preceding. 
 Thorax with a thin and very fine pubescence. Wings white:, veins 
 yellowish. Halteres pale, with brown tips. Abdomen bare. Legs 
 brown ; tibiae with a few hairs towards the tips. 
 
 Rare. On sandy coasts of the sea and of lakes. In Mr. Ha- 
 liday^s collection. (I.) 
 
 4. arenaria, Hal. e. in. i. 161 (1833). brevipennis, Ztt. Nigra, 
 antennis nigris, alls brevissimis fuscis ad costam albidis, pedibus piceis. 
 Long, ^-f ; alar. J lin. 
 
 Male and Fern. Body black, not shining. Proboscis black. Palpi 
 brown. Antennae black ; third joint nearly round, not longer than the 
 second ; fourth full twice the length of all the preceding. Things ru- 
 dimentary, brown, whitish along the hind border ; veins black ; second 
 longitudinal vein a little nearer to the third than to the first ; third and 
 fourth almost parallel ; fifth slightly inclined to the hind border. Legs 
 pitchy, stout. 
 
 Local, but very abundant on some parts of the sea-coast in the 
 autumn. (E. I.) 
 
 5. speculifera, Hal. MSS. Cana, facie alba, antennis basi palpis 
 pedibusque totis flavis, pleuris macula rotunda atra nitida supra coxas 
 medias, alis hyalinis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2-f lin. 
 
 Hoary. Face of the head white. Eyes very minutely pubescent. 
 Palpi yellow. Antennae yellow at the base ; third joint almost oval, as 
 if triannulated ; fourth joint long, setiform, on the tip of the third. 
 Thorax with a few scattered hairs. Pleurae with a black round shining 
 spot above the middle coxae. Wings colourless ; veins very pale. Hal- 
 teres pale, with brown tips. Legs yellow, pubescent, with a few scat- 
 tered hairs ; hind tibiae furnished with some longer hairs. 
 
 Very rare. In Mr. Halida/s collection. (I.) 
 
 Genus XXI. TACHYDROMIA. 
 
 TACHYDROMIA, Mq. d. n. (1827) ; Ct. Tachydromia p., Fb. ; Fin. ; 
 Mg. Musca p., L. ; Fb. Calobata p., Fb. Sicus p., LI. Tachypeza, 
 Mg. ; Ztt. 
 
 Corpus minutum, elongatum, glabrum. Color niger, nitidus ; pictura 
 alarum interdum fusco-fasciata. Oculi fusci, aeneo-micantes, in 
 utroque sexu supra paullo disjuncti, infra conjunct!. Proboscis 
 
TACHYDROMIA. 139 
 
 capite brevior. Palpi oblongi, proboscidis longitudine. Antennae 
 4-articulatae, parvae; articulus primus brevissimus inconspicuus, 
 tertius compressus, ellipticus ; quartus longus, setiformis. Alarum 
 vena cubitalis simplex ; vena externo-media 2 ; areola discoidalis et 
 analis nulla. Pedes cursorii ; coxes femoribus breviores ; femora 
 antica crassa. 
 Mas. Anus obtusus. 
 Fcem, Anus acutus. 
 
 Body black, minute, long, slender, smooth, shining ; dull in the last 
 two species. Head oval, narrower than the thorax. Eyes aeneous or 
 green, slightly parted above, connected beneath. Ocelli 3, in front. 
 Proboscis perpendicular, shorter than the head. Labrum acute. 
 Lingua setiform. Maxillae setaceous, as long as the lingua. Palpi 
 generally as long as the proboscis, oblong, large, drooping, bristly at the 
 tips, fringed on the outer border with short hairs. Labium cylindrical. 
 Antennae 4 -jointed, porrect, inserted in the middle of the face, ap- 
 proximate at the base, diverging upwards, as long as the head ; first 
 joint very short, inconspicuous; second short, cylindrical, somewhat 
 bristly ; third rather long, elliptical, compressed, hairy beneath ; last 
 long, setiform. Thorax long-oval ; scutellum semicircular, rather nar- 
 row. Wings pubescent, obtuse, incumbent, longer than the body ; 
 cubital vein simple ; externo-medial veins 2 ; discal areolet and anal vein 
 none. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen cylindrical, rather long. Legs 
 slender ; coxa shorter than the femora ; fore femora incrassated, with 
 a double row of minute spines beneath ; fore tibiae clavate, with a 
 series of spines on the inside ; tarsi longer than the tibiae ; meta- 
 tarsus as long as all the other joints ; ungues and onychia distinct. 
 Male. Tip of the abdomen obtuse. 
 Fern. Tip of the abdomen acute. 
 
 The Tachydromm run with great swiftness, and appear from 
 the spring to the autumn, on trunks of trees, palings, stones, 
 leaves of shrubs, and about the shores of lakes and the banks 
 of rivers. The species may be thus distributed : 
 a. Palpi as long as proboscis. Species 1-4. 
 a a. Palpi shorter than proboscis ; a trace of subanal vein. Sp. 5, 6. 
 
 "The last two, according to the synoptic table of the 
 genera, would belong to Platypalpus. They do not perfectly 
 agree with either of the two genera, and perhaps require the 
 formation of a new one, to which Meigen's name Tachypeza 
 might be applied restrictedly." A. H. H. 
 
 1. arrogans, L. fn. 1857 (1761) ; Fb. ; Gm. ; Fin. ; LI. ; Mg. ; 
 Mq. ; Ztt. ; Ct. ! b. e. 477. Nigra, antennis basi fulvis, thorace ni- 
 gro-aeneo vel nigro-viridi, alia olbis fusco-bifosciatis, venis secunda ter- 
 tiaque approximatis, halteribus flavis, coxis femoribus anterioribus basi 
 subtusque genubusque fulvis, tarsis flams apice nigris. Long. f-1 ; 
 alar. H-2 lin. 
 
14CL 
 
 Black, shining. Head and thorax beset with a very few bristles. 
 First and second joints of the antennae tawny ; third nearly round, 
 very little longer than the second ; fourth very long, more than four 
 times the length of all the preceding joints. Thorax more or less 
 aeneous or greenish-black. Wings white, with 2 very broad dark brown 
 bands ; veins black, tawny towards the base ; second longitudinal vein 
 hardly more remote from the third than from the costa. Halteres 
 yellow. Coxae tawny ; anterior femora tawny beneath and at the base ; 
 knees tawny ; tarsi yellow, black towards the tips. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. cimicoides, Fb.Psp. i. 447. 61 (1781); Gin.; Mg.umbrarum, 
 Hal. albitarsis, Staeg. ; Ztt. d. s. i. 313. 2. Nigra, antennis basi 
 fulvis, thorace nigro-a3neo, alis albis fusco-bifasciatis, venis secunda 
 tertiaque remotis, halteribus flavis, coxis femoribus anterioribus basi 
 subtusque genubusque fulvis, tarsis Jlavis apice nigris. Long. 1 ; 
 alar. 2^ lin. 
 
 Black, shining. Head and thorax beset with very few spines. 
 First and second joints of the antennae tawny ; third nearly round, 
 very little longer than the second; fourth very long, more than 4 times 
 the length of all the preceding. Wings white, with 2 brown bands, 
 which are rather narrower and paler than those of T. arrogans ; veins 
 black, yellow towards the base ; space between the second and third 
 longitudinal veins twice that between the second and the costa. Halteres 
 yellow. Coxae tawny ; anterior femora tawny beneath and at the base ; 
 knees tawny ; tarsi yellow, black towards the tips. The male has the 
 intermediate tibiae at the tip produced into a compressed lobe, and the 
 legs more black. 
 
 Bare. In the collections of the Entomological Club and of 
 Mr. Haliday. (E. S. I.) 
 
 3. connexa, Mg. zw. iii. 70. 3. pi. 23. f. 24 (1822); Mq. 
 cimicoides, Mg. kl. Nigra, antennis fuscis basi flavis, thorace nigro- 
 seneo, alarum fasciis duabus connexis fuscis, halteribus albis, pedibus 
 fulvo flavoque variis. Long. li ; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Black, shining. Head and thorax beset with very few black bristles. 
 Antennae brown ; first and second joints yellow ; third nearly round, 
 very little longer than the second ; fourth more than 4 times the length 
 of all the preceding.' Thorax aeneous-black. Wings wfdte, mostly 
 occupied by 2 very broad dark brown bands, which are connected beneath 
 the costa, and nearly so on the hind border ; veins black, tawny towards 
 the base ; second longitudinal vein as near to the third as to the costa. 
 Halteres white. Coxae, posterior femora and fore tibiae at the base, 
 and fore femora tawny ; anterior tibiae, excepting the tips and anterior 
 femora, sometimes tawny. Legs sometimes yellow, excepting the hind 
 femora and hind tibiae, which are brown. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
PHYLLODROMIA. 141 
 
 4. morio, Ztt. i. 1, 546. 2 (1839). Nigra, alls hyalinis fusco- 
 bifasdatis, tarsis fuscis basi supra flams. Long, f- ; alar. \\ Kn. 
 
 Black, shining, very small. Palpi whitish, covered with whitish 
 pubescence ; apical bristle black. Wings colourless, with 2 broad brown 
 bands, parted by a broader colourless interval. Anterior coxas brownish- 
 ferruginous, with silvery-white pubescence ; tibiae brownish-black, ferru- 
 ginous at the base ; tips of middle tibiae unarmed ; tarsi brown, yellow 
 at the base. Male. Hypopygium terminated by a stout obliquely 
 reflexed claw without cirri. Fern. Vagina with 2 contiguous small 
 linear valves, which proceed from the last oblong slender segment. 
 
 Rare. A pair found among shingle in the bed of the river 
 Dodder, near Dublin. In Mr. Halida/s collection. (I.) 
 
 5. fuscipennis, Fin. d. s. emp. 14. 19 (1815); Mg.; Mq.; Ztt. 
 Nigra, antennis fuscis basi flavis aut fulvis, alis fuscis apice albidis, 
 halteribus flavis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis tarsisque posticis fuscis. Long. 
 1-H ; alar. l-2 lin. 
 
 Black, hardly shining. Head and thorax beset with very few black 
 bristles. Palpi yellow; their bristles black. Antennas brown; first 
 and second joints yellow or tawny ; third joint short-conical ; fourth 
 nearly 4 times the length of all the preceding joints. Wings brown, 
 whitish at the tips ; stigma black ; veins brown, tawny towards the 
 base ; second longitudinal vein as near to the third as to the costa ; third 
 and fourth almost parallel ; fifth slightly curved downward. Halteres 
 yellow. Legs tawny ; fore femora very thick ; fore tibias and middle 
 femora rather thick, the former slightly curved ; hind tibiae and hind 
 tarsi brown, tawny towards the base. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 6. nervosa, Mg. zw. iii. 72. 8 (1822); Ztt. Nigra, antennis 
 fuscis basi flavis, alis albis fusco-vittatis, halteribus flavis, pedibus fulvis, 
 femoribus nigro-vittatis, tibiis apice nigris. Long, li-lf ; alar. 
 2i-3 lin. 
 
 Black, hardly shining. Head and thorax beset with very few black 
 bristles. Palpi yellow; their bristles black. Antennas brown; first 
 and second joints yellow ; third conical, longer than the second ; fourth 
 black, nearly 4 times the length of all the preceding. Wings whitish, 
 brown along the borders of the veins ; stigma black ; veins black, tawny 
 towards the base ; second longitudinal vein as near to the third as to 
 the costa ; third and fourth almost parallel ; fourth slightly curved to 
 the hind border. Halteres yellow. Legs tawny ; femora striped with 
 black; tips of the tibiae black; fore femora thick; fore tibiae and 
 middle femora rather thick. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
142 EMPLOYE. 
 
 Genus XXII. PHYLLODROMIA. 
 
 PHYLLODROMIA, Ztt. d. s. i. 269 (1842). Empis p., Fb. Tackydromia 
 p., Fb. ; Pz. Hemerodromia p., Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. 
 
 Corpus minutum, angustum, subcylindricum, parum nitidum, glabrum, 
 molle, tenerum. Color flavus, raro niger. Proboscis capite paullo 
 brevior. Antennae articulo tertio ovato ; quarto setiformi, longissimo, 
 deflexo. Vena cubilalis simplex. Coxa antica femoribus non bre- 
 mores ; femora antica crassa. 
 
 Body minute, narrow, nearly cylindrical, hardly shining, smooth, 
 soft. Proboscis a little shorter than the head. Antennae with the 
 third joint oval; the fourth setiform; very long, deflexed. Cubital 
 vein simple. Fore coxa as long as the femora, which are thick. 
 
 The Phyllodromia appear in spring and summer, and inhabit 
 the leaves of trees and shrubs ; they run quickly, but their flight 
 is slow. 
 
 1. melanocephala, Fb. e. s. iv. 407. 21 (1794); Fin.; Ztt. 
 mantispa, Pz. ; Mg. ; Mq. obsecratoria, Wlk. Ferruginea, capite 
 cinereo, antennis nigris basi flavis, thorace nonnunquam nigro-vittato, 
 alis limpidis, abdominis dorso fusco, halteribus pedibusque flavis, femo- 
 ribus anticis nonnunquam nigro-vittatis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2i lin. 
 
 Ferruginous. Head grey. Proboscis tawny. Antennae black; 
 first and second joints yellow. Thorax sometimes with a short black 
 stripe. Wings colourless; veins tawny, yellow towards the base. 
 Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen brown on the disc. Legs pale 
 yellow ; tips of the tarsi brown ; fore femora sometimes striped with 
 black. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 Genus XXIII. HEMERODROMIA. 
 
 HEMERODROMIA, Hms. ; Mg. kl. (1804); LI.; Mq. ; Ztt. Tacky dro- 
 mia p., Fin. 
 
 Corpus parvum, saepe minutum, elongatum, angustum, glabrum, paruni 
 nitidum. Color corporis cinereus, flavus, raro niger ; pedum pallidus. 
 Oculi virescentes, in utroque sexu per lirieam angustam in fronte 
 disjuncti. Proboscis capite paullo brevior. Antennae articulo 
 primo brevissimo, tertio ovato subacuto, quarto setiformi, perbrevi. 
 Vena cubitalis furcata. Coxae antica femoribus non breviores ; fe- 
 mora antica crassa. 
 
 Mas. Anus obtusus, interdum incrassatus. 
 
 Fcem. Quandoque aliter coloratus ; anus acutus. 
 
 Body small or minute, long, slender, smooth, hardly shining. Colour 
 
HEMERODEOMIA. 143 
 
 of the body cinereous, yellow, rarely black ; of the legs pale. Head 
 round. Eyes green, parted in both sexes by a very narrow front. 
 Ocelli 3, on the crown. Proboscis perpendicular, a little shorter than 
 the head. Labrum acute. Palpi subulate or cylindrical, bristly at 
 the tips. Labium cylindrical. Antennas 4-jointed, porrect, approxi- 
 mate at the base, diverging upwards ; first joint very small ; second 
 short, cylindrical ; third oval, somewhat pointed in front ; fourth seti- 
 form, very short. Thorax rather long, or almost cylindrical. Wings 
 long, with obtuse tips, very finely pubescent, incumbent and parallel 
 in repose. Cubital vein forked. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen cylin- 
 drical. Legs long, slender. Fore coxae as long as the femora ; fore 
 femora thick in most species, spinose beneath ; metatarsi as long as 
 the other 4 joints. 
 
 Male. Tip of the abdomen obtuse, sometimes incrassated. 
 
 Fern. Occasionally differing from the male in colour ; tip of the 
 abdomen acute. 
 
 The Hemerodromia prey on minute Diptera, and inhabit the 
 leaves of shrubs, hedges, and grassy spots, and are most frequent 
 on the banks of rivers and of lakes ; aU their movements are slow. 
 The genus may be thus divided : 
 
 a. A discal areolet ; prsebrachial areolet longer than the pobrachial. 
 
 b. Stigma black. Species 1, 2. 
 
 b b. No stigma. Species 3. 
 
 a a. No discal areolet ,* pobrachial areolet longer than the prasbrachial. 
 Species 4-6. 
 
 l.praecatoria, Fin. d. s. emp. 10. 12 (1815); Ztt. monostigma, 
 Mg. ; Mq. ; Steph. ill.! pi. 45. f. 3. Cinerea, antennis nigris basi 
 flavis, alis lirnpidis, halteribus pedibusque flavis. Long. 2-2 ; alar. 
 
 Grey. Proboscis yellow, with a black tip. Antennas black, yellow 
 towards the base. Wings colourless ; stigma black ; veins black, yellow 
 at the base. Halteres yellow. Legs yellow ; tips of the tarsi brown. 
 Fern. Abdomen tawny beneath, sometimes also above with a row of 
 grey spots along each side. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. monostigma, Hms.; Ztt. d. s.i. 267.8 (1842). Fulva, capite 
 albo, antennis flavis, thorace cinereo-bivittato, pectore albo, alis limpidis, 
 stigmate nigro, halteribus pedibusque flavis, abdomine maculis nigris 
 vittato. Long. H; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Smaller, paler, and more slender than H. praecatoria. Tawny. Head 
 white. Eyes red. Proboscis yellow, with a black tip. Antennae 
 yellow. Thorax with 2 grey stripes; underside tinged with white. 
 Wings colourless ; stigma black ; veins brown, yellow towards the base. 
 
144 I>OLlCHOPID,fJ. 
 
 Halteres yellow. Abdomen with a row of black spots along the; back. 
 Legs yellow ; tips of the tarsi black. 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 3. flavella, Ztt. i. 1. 543. 4 (1842). -prcecatoria, Mg. melanoce- 
 phala, Hal. Testacea, capite nigro, tJwrace albido-univittato, alis lim- 
 pidis, abdomine supra fusco, pedibus flavis. Long. 1-H ; alar. 3^ 
 41in. 
 
 Testaceous. Head black. Antennae yellow. Thorax with a whitish 
 dorsal stripe. Wings colourless ; no stigma ; veins pale. Halteres 
 white. Abdomen brownish above. Legs yellow. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Haliday/s collection. (I.) 
 
 4. unilineata, Ztt. d. s. i. 263. 3 (1842). oratoria, Mg. ; Mq. 
 Testacea, capite nigro, antennis flavo-albis, thorace nigro-vittato, alis 
 limpidis, halteribus pedibusque flavo-albis, abdominis disco nigro. Long. 
 li ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Testaceous. Head black. Proboscis, antennae, halteres, and legs 
 yellowish- white. Thorax with a black stripe. Wings colourless ; veins 
 pale. Disc of the abdomen black. 
 
 Eare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (E. I.) 
 
 5. albicornis, Hms.; Mg. zw. iii. 64. 4 (1822). raptoria, Fin. 
 Nigra, antennis flavis, thorace nigro-cinereo /wZt-o-trivittato, alis limpi- 
 dis, pedibus flavis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3^ lin. 
 
 Black. Antennas yellow. Thorax greyish-black, with 3 tawny stripes. 
 Wings colourless; veins brown, yellow towards the base. Halteres 
 white. Legs yellow. 
 
 Eare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (E. I.) 
 
 6. oratoria, Fin. d. s. emp. 11. 13, 34. 13 (1815) ; Ztt. Nigra, 
 antennis flavis, thorace cinereo-testaceo, alis limpidis, pedibus flavis. 
 Long. 1J-H; alar.- 2^-3. 
 
 Black. Antennae yellow. Thorax greyish-testaceous. Wings 
 colourless, veins brown. Halteres and legs yellow. 
 Not rare. (E.I.) 
 
 FAMILY. XXL DOLICHOPID M. 
 
 DOLICHOPID^, Leach p. (1819) ; St.; Ct.; Wstw. Dolichopodes, 
 Fin. p. (1823); Mg. ; Lp. ; LI.; Mq. ; Ztt.; Stg. ; Lw. Dolico- 
 pina, Edn. Rhagionida p. et Dolichopodes p., LI. gen. (1809). 
 MydasidcB p. et Stratiomydae p., Efnq. (1815). 
 
 Proboscis deflexa ; palpis compressis, incumbentibus ; maxillis nullis. 
 Antenna porrecta, articulo tertio compresso, arista biarticulata. 
 
DOLICHOPID^E. 145 
 
 Alae lobo axillari obsolete, vena costali circa apicem alas abrupta, 
 cubitali simplici ; areolis prtebrachiali et anali minutmimis, pobrachiali 
 effusa in discalem elongatam, vena transversa simplici clausam. Abdomen 
 segmentis 5 (aut pluribus in mare). 
 
 The Dolichopidte are in general small flies, rarely exceeding 
 three lines in length ; distinguished by the prevalence of metallic 
 tints, with a partial coating of tomentum, repelling water, which 
 communicates a hoary gloss particularly to the lower parts ; this 
 is composed of excessively minute, short, compressed, pellucid 
 hairs, laid flat, and often so thickly set as to overlap in several 
 layers. The head is nearly as broad as the thorax, usually repre- 
 senting a segment less than a hemisphere ; the occiput flat and 
 vertical, its orbit towards the vertex with a row of bristles 
 (" supercilia," Bouche), another row, often of a different colour, 
 or else a beard of soft hair, along the lower orbit. The eyes 
 mostly pubescent, large, occupying the sides of the head entirely, 
 so as to form part of the peristoma, scarcely ever leaving a narrow 
 line of cheek between. On the front they are distant, except in 
 the males of the genus Diaphorus. The vertex is usually more or 
 less sunk between the eyes, leaving a prominent tubercle, which 
 bears the three ocelli in a triangle guarded by long bristles. The 
 face is riot expanded into cheeks below; the lower region not 
 inflected to the peristoma, but separated from the upper by an 
 elevated line or by a tubercle at each side. Sometimes, especially 
 in the males, the face becomes extremely narrow, or the eyes meet 
 below the antennse. There are no vibrissse. The cavity of the 
 rnouth is nearly round, filled by the proboscis, which is directed 
 downwards, in general projecting little, but larger in the female 
 than the male, not forming a visible angle with the short retracted 
 mentum. The palpi of one piece, broad, compressed, inserted on 
 the base of the proboscis, meeting in front, and incumbent on it, 
 like a bibbed epistoma. The labrum is unusually stout, and 
 its deflected sides are furnished with one or two sharp teeth; 
 these are separated by deep incisions, but are not free, as has been 
 represented (Hal. z. j. v. 354), nor does there seem to be ground 
 for considering them as representing the maxillae (LI. gen. iv. 290). 
 The tongue, which is abruptly enlarged at the base, is by this 
 means prevented from fitting closely into the groove of the labrum, 
 and lies lower down between the toothed edges of it. There is no 
 trace of maxillae. The genera Orthochile and Aphrosylus present 
 modifications of ttiis structure, noticed in their proper places. The 
 antenna are extended forwards, usually shorter than the head, 
 VOL. i. u 
 
146 DOLICHOPID^. 
 
 with three distinct joints besides the slender ones which compose 
 the arista, the second joint usually the shortest of these three, and 
 most closely attached to the third, intromitting a slender tubular 
 process into an oblique sinus in the base of the third joint, which 
 is rather thick in this part, but elsewhere compressed, without any 
 trace of division, bearing a two-jointed arista, usually on its upper 
 edge, sometimes at its extremity, the arista in the latter case being 
 sometimes contracted to a style. The thorax is convex, the suture 
 of the mesonotum before the wings merely traced in its commence- 
 ment at each side. The bristles are chiefly disposed in longitudinal 
 lines : the scutellum has commonly two unequal bristles at each 
 side, and the disc rather flat and naked. The wings of them- 
 selves afford very definite characters of the family, although at 
 first sight like some of the Muscidae. The costal vein terminates 
 where the prsebrachial meets it : the subcostal is short, rarely ap- 
 proaching the middle of the anterior margin ; the mediastinal is 
 very faint and lies close to the subcostal ; the radial springs from 
 this almost close to the humeral transverse vein, and the cubital 
 vein, which is simple, parts from it almost immediately, its origin 
 forming a thickened dot, close to which a very short and oblique 
 transverse vein connects it with the prsebrachial ; the prcebrachial 
 areolet, which is thus bounded, is close to the root of the wing, 
 and very minute. So also is the anal areolet (" angular, area," 
 Pin.), which is scarcely circumscribed behind, the anal vein being 
 here very faint, and in its outer course appearing rather as if a 
 continuation from the subanal, which returns back from the po- 
 brachial in a strong curve. The pobrachial areolet is merely indi- 
 cated in position as very minute, but is not separated from the 
 discal ; which is oblong, closed, at about the half length of the 
 wing, or nearer to the posterior margin, by an unbranched trans- 
 verse vein ; only two veins proceeding from it to the margin, as 
 continuations of the prsebrachial and pobrachial veins, the former 
 of which sometimes approaches the cubital thenceforth in a curve, 
 or is bent abruptly, or even branched (g. Psilopus}. No axillary 
 lobe, the sinus straight; the axillary alulse are small, deflected, 
 fringed with long hairs, the colour of which sometimes affords 
 subsidiary specific characters; the scutellar alulse are obsolete. 
 The abdomen is composed of five segments above, the inflected 
 sides of which nearly conceal the ventral plates, and are marked 
 with a row of small polished foveolse. Besides the silvery white 
 tomentum so conspicuous in some (e. g. Argyrd], the abdomen is 
 usually clothed with pubescence pale especially on the sides, and 
 
DOLICHOPID.E. 147 
 
 beset with longer bristles chiefly towards the incisures. The 
 ventral portion of the first segment is obsolete. In the male 
 often a sixth, rarely even a seventh segment appears above, before 
 the hypopygium, which is usually large, bent in under the belly, 
 sometimes imbedded or concealed in a cavity behind the fourth 
 ventral segment, at other times entirely disengaged from it, and 
 is furnished with a number of appendages varying greatly in size 
 and form : these have been particularly examined in several 
 species, and described, by Cuvier, in the second volume of the 
 1 Journal de Physique ' (Bosc's) . In the female the vagina is 
 retracted, very short, its upper lid armed at the edge with a row 
 of (about 8) teeth, or short flattened spines, implanted in distinct 
 sockets, almost concealing the very short tentacula below them, 
 which consist each of one ovate piece. The legs are generally 
 long and slender ; the intermediate pair usually the longest, the 
 hind pair the thickest ; the fore pair seated at some distance from 
 the intermediate, but their coxae long enough to touch the latter. 
 There are usually some scattered spines or bristles on the sides of 
 the tibiae, as well as at the tips at least of the posterior pairs, and 
 the posterior femora mostly bear a single spine in front near the 
 tip. The males are often distinguished from the other sex by the 
 form and pubescence of the legs, particularly of the tarsi. The 
 onychia are of moderate size, flat, membranous, pubescent; the em- 
 podium recurved, usually slender, almost setaceous, and finely 
 pubescent ; in ApJirosylus more thickened. 
 
 The present family, being one of the most distinct among the 
 Erachycera > was early indicated by the consecutive position of the 
 species in general in the works of Fabricius. Harris, in his 
 'Exposition of English Insects' (1782), seized with a keen eye 
 the distinctive veining of the wing for the type of a subdivision 
 of the Linnsean genus Musca (Order V. section 3). The genus 
 Doliehopus was first characterized by Latreille in 1796, and 
 converted into a family (Dolichopodes) in 1809; but the true 
 limits of it were not accurately defined until the appearance of 
 the fourth volume of Meigen's great work in 1824, since which 
 time there has been no difference of opinion in this respect. 
 
 The affinities of the family are more difficult to determine with 
 certainty, on account of the strong characters which separate it 
 from the rest. On the whole, it seems to make the nearest ap- 
 proach to those Empidfs in which the maxillae become obsolete ; 
 and in particular the genus Chersodromia in that, and ApJirosylus 
 in the present family, offer points of resemblance. Agreeing with 
 the Empida and Lonchopterida in the disappearance of the axillary 
 
148 DOLICHOPID^. 
 
 lobe, the Dolichopida differ from the former in the veining of the 
 wings, and particularly in the minute pobrachial areolet not being 
 separated from the discal. Usually also the head evidently larger 
 in proportion, the abdomen of fewer segments, the spines at the 
 end of the posterior tibiae, the different direction of the external 
 sexual organs, and . the metallic tints, assist to characterize them. 
 The Lonchopterida differ evidently by the bristly face and cheeks, 
 and the form and veining of their wings, which want the discal 
 areolet. The Platypezida have the ternate areolets (i. e., prse- 
 brachial, pobrachial, and anal) all complete, and in general a 
 rounded axillary lobe to the wings. Among the Muscida some 
 of the groups towards the end present partial resemblances to the 
 Dolichopida ; in particular the EpJiydrini, with which they were 
 originally united by Fallen ; but the porrected proboscis of these, 
 forming a visible angle with the mentum, the face expanded below 
 into the cheeks, and usually also the deflected antennae, will pre- 
 vent their being confounded with the present family. 
 
 With respect to the internal anatomy, the Dolichopida present 
 some peculiarities so great that Dufour treats of them as excep- 
 tional cases in the Order ; concerning which, see his summary 
 in ' Annales des Sciences Naturelles/ 3 me serie, tome i. 
 
 The Dolichopidce are all predaceous. They can run on the sur- 
 face of the water, like the Gerrida among the Hemiptera, and in 
 this manner many of them catch their prey, consisting of smaller 
 insects, Annelida, and even small conchiferous Gasteropoda. The 
 gaping orifice at the end of the proboscis, formed by the intro- 
 verted labella, admits and holds fast the prey until its juices are 
 sucked out : but the structure of the mouth seems incompatible 
 with what Fischer supposed he saw, viz., that Medeterus diadema 
 swallows its prey whole by this aperture. The groups which have 
 naked eyes (Psilopus, &c.) usually frequent dry places. 
 
 With respect to the earlier states of these insects, we know 
 even now little more than what Degeer observed eighty years ago. 
 In the middle of the month of May he got under ground some 
 slender cylindrical larvae, of twelve segments, white and smooth, 
 pointed at the anterior extremity ; the head variable in form and 
 retractile; the mandibles appearing externally as two tubercles, 
 that meet and part, with a smaller point enclosed between them, 
 their internal continuations separate, long, and much thickened at 
 the root ; on the underside of the segments some protuberances, 
 serving as feet ; the last segment rather thicker, ending with two 
 recurved hooks, and below these two conical fleshy protuberances, 
 in which the trunks of the tracheae seem respectively to have their 
 
DOLICHOPID.E. 
 
 149 
 
 outlet (vi. pi. xi. fig. 14-16). The first week in June they 
 changed into pupse, casting their skin. The head of the pupa 
 was armed with several points; the ends of the legs, in their 
 sheaths, somewhat detached from the body ; the thorax bearing 
 on each side, near the head, an S-shaped process, probably serving 
 for respiration in this stage (fig. 17, 18). Out of these pupa3 
 Dolichopus aneus proceeded in a little more than three weeks' 
 time. From this account, the transformations appear to be most 
 like those of the Empida, among the families of Brachycera 
 which have the pupa stripped of the old skin ; the head of the 
 larva being variable in form, and destitute of jointed appendages : 
 see the transformations of RJiamphomyia spinipes, figured by 
 Bouche ('Naturgeschichte/ pi. 4. fig. 26-30). 
 
 SYNOPTIC TABLE OF THE GENERA. 
 incurved, unguiculated ......... , ...... . . 15. APHROSYLUS. 
 
 rforked ............. ;* ;./<- ...... 1. PSILOPUS. 
 
 ,2 co 
 
 nearly unarmed ...... . . .'".'* .- T . . 14. MEDETERUS. 
 
 'H i ( verv s ^ ort an< * rounded ......... 13. CHRYSOTUS. 
 
 tapering to a point: f S raduaU y enlar S ed RHAPHIUM. 
 
 bruptly enlarged . . , 9. MACH^RIUM. 
 near the hind margin of the wing .......... 5. HYDROPHORUS. 
 
 f very narrow . . . .6. CAMPSICNEMUS. 
 
 | 
 ' 
 
 "S) 
 
 Face 
 
 broad 7. THINOPHILUS. 
 
 conical or com- f distant on the front 1L P ORPHYROPS. 
 
 of the male [ meeting on the front 12 D IAPHORUS 
 
 .more than one-third of the length of the wing . 10. ARGYRA. 
 
 I shorter than the head :f dusk y- ' 3. DOLICHOPUS. 
 I completely free : J Hypopygium of male j pale ^ a. SYBIBTEOKA. 
 
 Proboscis 
 
 longer than the head 4. ORTHOCHILE. 
 
150 DOLICHOP1DJE. 
 
 Genus I. PSILOPUS. 
 
 PSILOPUS, Mg. zw. (1824); Mq.; Ztt. Leptopus, Fin. Sciapus, Zlr. 
 
 Dolichopus p., LI.; Fb. s. a; Wd. z.m; Lhm. Musca^., Fb.; Gm. 
 Antenna articulo tertio patelliformi, ante apicem arista deflexa. Oculi 
 
 glabri. Vena prabrachialis furcata, ramo anteriore oblique Jlexo prope 
 
 cubitalem exeunte. Hypopygium marls extricatum, appendicibus tenuibus. 
 
 Very slender. Eyes apparently glabrous, separated in both sexes ; 
 the lower orbit fringed with soft white hairs ; the face usually broad, 
 more so in the female. Third joint of the antennae short and rounded, the 
 slender pubescent arista placed on its upper edge ; the penultimate joint 
 short, but usually extending beyond the end of the third, and forming 
 an angle with the last, which is drooping and often very long. (In 
 P. platypterus the fourth joint is particularly short, and less distinct.) 
 Wings usually broad, with the anal angle rounded away : the prabra- 
 chial vein in its last or subapical tract forked, the posterior branch 
 running on straight, but becoming faint, and usually vanishing before 
 the margin, the anterior branch distinct (in P. platypterus faint), in- 
 clined forwards, with a strong flexure, and reaching the margin close to, 
 without however meeting, the cubital vein. The alula3 have a narrow 
 denticulated black edge and a radiating fringe of hairs. The abdomen 
 of the males is very long and slender, nearly cylindrical, and a little 
 arched, showing six segments above ; the hypopygium disengaged from 
 the ventral cavity, broad, compressed, with a number of slender ap- 
 pendages of various form and length. In the female the spines of the 
 vagina are longer than usual. The legs are very long and slender, the 
 spines of the tibiaa few and slight. In the females of all, the fore coxae, 
 and the lower edge of the fore femora in their first half, are pectinated 
 with a few long pale spines ; which are slighter in the males, if found 
 at all in this sex. 
 
 The warmer climates of both hemispheres abound in the species 
 of this genus ; some of them, with variegated wings, among the 
 handsomest of the family. The few species that occur in the 
 British islands have the wings spotless, the first two joints of the 
 antennae and the greatest part of the legs pale yellowish. They 
 may be distributed as follows : 
 
 a. First joint of hind tarsi twice as long as the second. Species 1. 
 a a. First joint of hind tarsi little longer than the second. 
 6. Abdomen with narrow indistinct bands only. 
 
 c. Fore tarsi with peculiar marks in the male. Species 2, 3. 
 c c. Fore tarsi alike in both sexes. Species 4, 5. 
 b b. Abdomen with broad dark bands. Species 6. 
 
 1. platypterus, Fb. s. a. 270. 20(1805); Mg.; Mq.; Zlr.; St. 
 ill. h. pi. 45. f . 4 ! tipularius, Fin. ; Ztt. Pallide aneo-viridis, capite 
 albido, pedibus pallidis, metatarsis omnibus elongatis ; Mas. alis divari- 
 catis, femoribus anticis sub apice crinitis, tarsis intermediis ante apicem 
 atrum albis. Long. 2-3 ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
PSILOPUS. 151 
 
 Pale metallic green, somewhat shining. Front and face glossy 
 white. Face long and narrow, in the male very narrow. Wings 
 broad, in the male very broad, rounded and divaricated. Abdomen 
 with dusky incisures. Hypopygium of the male with a pair of hairy 
 oblong valves shorter than itself, the other appendages very minute. 
 Legs pale yellow, only the tips of the tarsi darker. In the male the 
 fore femora are fringed beneath with fine soft hairs, particularly towards 
 tJie tip, the third and fourth joints of the fore tarsi are each longer than 
 the second, the fifth very short ; the middle tarsi have the third and 
 fourth joints compressed, white, the fifth with the tip of the fourth 
 black. TJie first joint of the hind tarsi is twice as long as the second, 
 scarcely so much in the female. 
 
 The most abundant species in these islands ; fond of resting 
 on the shady side of gates and palings, in small troops, chasing 
 each other about very playfully. 
 
 2. Wiedemannii, Fin. d. s. dol. 24. 2 (1823); Ztt. Pallide 
 ceneo-viridis, capite albido, pedibm pallidis, tarsis fuscis ; Mas. tarsorum 
 anticorum articulo quarto lobato, femoribus anticis subtiliter pilosis. 
 Long. 2-3 ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Pale metallic green, somewhat shining. Face glossy white, rather 
 broad, front yellowish-white. Abdomen with dusky incisures, the 
 transparent pale colour of the belly sometimes extending to the sides in 
 spots. Hypopygium of the male with four appendages that end nearly 
 at the same length, the uppermost ("aculeus," Zlr.) very slender, 
 springing almost from the base, then a pair of incurved ones forming 
 the forceps, the undermost one compressed and dilated towards the 
 base ; under this last again a shorter obtuse one, with some longer 
 hairs at the tip of it, as well as of the forceps. Legs pale yellow ; tarsi 
 dusky, except at the base ; the first joint of the hind pair scarcely 
 longer than the second. The male has the tip of the fourth joint in tlie 
 fore pair compressed, and produced in a lobe over the fifth, and black 
 like it, and there are a few long fine hairs on the underside of the fore 
 femora towards the base. The female is usually more yellowish-green, 
 sometimes almost ochre, with little of metallic tinge. 
 
 Not uncommon on some tracts of sandhills close by the sea. 
 (E. S. I.) 
 
 Obs. P. nervosus, Lhm. (Nov. Act. Acad. dec. 2. xii. 242), 
 as synonymous with which Meigen cites P. Wiedemannii, Fin., 
 erroneously, is distinguished by the strongly bent discal trans- 
 verse vein, and the longer first joint of the hind tarsi : the male 
 has a tuft of five long hairs at the base of the fore femora, the 
 first of them longer than the thigh, and the hypopygium furnished 
 with a pair of very long hairy appendages. This species has 
 been introduced into British lists, probably by error for P. 
 Wiedemannii. 
 
152 DOLICHOPID.E. 
 
 3. obscurus, Mg. zw. iv. 39. 7 (1824). JEneo-mridis, fronte et 
 hypostomate albo-micantibus, pedibus pallidis, tarsorum anticorum arti- 
 culo ultimo albo-micante, Mas. Long. 2 lin. 
 
 Shining metallic green ; like P. -lugens, but the fore legs are entirely 
 yellow, only the last joint of the tarsus glossed with white in the male, 
 which has the fore femora pectinated. The other legs are yellow, with 
 the tarsi somewhat brownish. 
 
 This description is derived from Meigen, who received his spe- 
 cimen from England. In the collection of Mr. Clifton. (E.) 
 
 4. longulus, Fin. d. s. dol. 24. 4 (1823); Mg. ; Ztt. Obscure 
 aeneo-mridis, hypostomate parum albo-micante, pedibus pallidis, tarsis 
 fuscis simplicibus,femoribus anticis pectinatis. Long. 1^-2 ; alar. 4| lin. 
 
 Dull metallic green, shining. Face very broad, with a faint shifting 
 white gloss ; front green or cyaneous. 'Abdomen not distinctly banded, 
 belly pale. Legs pale yellow, posterior coxae with the base grey in the 
 male only ; tarsi dusky except at the base ; they are simple, and the 
 fore femora pectinated, in both sexes. 
 
 Bare. In Messrs. Curtis and Haliday's collections. (E.) 
 Obs. The number and length of the appendages of the hypo- 
 pygium, in this and the species which follow, are nearly as in P. 
 Wiedemannii, with some differences in form and pubescence. 
 
 5. lugens, Mg. zw. iv. 38. 6 (1824) ; Mq. ; Ztt. Late <meo- 
 viridis, fronte et hypostomate albo-micantibus, pedibus pallidis, tarsis 
 fuscis simplicibus,femoribus anticis pectinatis. Long. 1^2 lin. 
 
 Like P. longulus, but of a brighter metallic green ; the face with a 
 decided white gloss extending to the front also. The differences seem 
 scarcely sufficient to separate the two. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 
 
 6. contristans, Wd. z. m. i. 72. 19 (1817) ; Fin.; Ztt. regalis, 
 Mg. (fcem.) Opacus glaucus, capite albido, abdomine nigro-fasciato, 
 pedibus pallidis, tarsis fuscis simplicibm ; Mas. femoribus anticis nudis. 
 Long, li-2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Greenish-grey, almost without metallic shine. Face and front glossy 
 white. Abdomen with determinate dusky, or purplish-^c& bands, 
 which are broader in the middle. The colour of the legs t and of the 
 base of the antennae, is a dull yellowish ; the tarsi are dwky, except 
 the base, and simple in both sexes. The fore femora of the male are 
 bare of spines or long hairs. 
 
 Not common ; but extant in the principal collections of British 
 Diptera. (E.) 
 
 Obs. P. contristans, Mg. (zw. iv. 37. 4), is not the same spe- 
 cies, but rather resembles P. Wiedemannii, with which it agrees 
 in the character of the fore legs of the male ; but the structure 
 of the hypopygium is different, the undermost of the four appen- 
 
SYBIST11OMA. 153 
 
 dages disappearing, according to the description and figures 
 given by Zeller, in the f lsis' of 1842. Introduced into the 
 British catalogues, probably by confusion with P. contristans, 
 Wd., or else for P. Wiedemannii. 
 
 P. lobipes, Mg. zw. iv. 38. 5, which has also found its way 
 into the fist, resembles P. contristans, but it, too, has the fourth 
 joint of the fore tarsi bilobed in the male, and the fore femora 
 slightly pectinated beneath towards the base. 
 
 The fore coxae, and the first half of the fore femora beneath, 
 are pectinated with a few long pale spines, in the females of all 
 the species ; and in the males of some, but more slightly. 
 
 Genus II. SYBISTROMA. 
 
 SYBISTROMA, Mg. zw. (1824); Mq.; Stg.; Zlr. Dolichopus p., Fin. ; 
 Lhm.; Ztt. ; Stn. ; Zlr.; Ahr. Hypophyllus, Hal. Medeterus p., Mq. 
 
 Antenna articulo tertio apice attenuate, arista dorsali sinuata. Pro- 
 boscis capite brevior. Hypopygium maris pallidum petiolatum, appen- 
 dicibus tenuibus apice Jimbriatis. 
 
 Eyes pubescent, separated in both sexes ; face very narrow in the 
 male ; lower orbit with fine pale cilia. Proboscis very short. Third 
 joint of the antenna tapering almost to a point ; arista inserted above 
 near the middle of it, slender, almost naked, the penultimate joint ex- 
 tending beyond the end of the third, sometimes very long, curved and 
 forming a slight angle with the last joint. Wings with the prsebrachial 
 vein approaching the cubital towards the end in a gentle sweep (as in 
 many of the Dolichopi). Abdomen rather slender, tapering; in the 
 male somewhat compressed, with the sixth segment about as long as 
 the fifth, but destitute of bristles ; the inflected hypopygium pale 
 except at the base, oblong, somewhat compressed, suspended on a 
 petiole formed of the slender seventh segment, and furnished with 
 several appendages fringed at the tip ; the outer pair not much enlarged 
 nor freely movable. Legs with few spines on the tibiae, and none 
 on the hind metatarsus, which is shorter than the following joint. 
 
 1. discipes, Ahr. fn. iv. 24 (1817); Lhm. ! Mg.; $l%.patellata, 
 Fin. ; Ztt. patellipes, Mg. ventralis, Ztt. (fcem.} ? Obscure anea, 
 capite albido, palpis ferrugineis, pedibus pallidis, alulis pallido-ciliatis ; 
 Mas. arista articulo primo longissimo, tarsorum anticorum articulo 
 ultimo patelliformi atro. Long. 2^; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Brassy-olive, not shining ; face white, front duller whitish. Palpi 
 ferruginous. Antenna black ; third joint, except the base, brown or fer- 
 ruginous, long and pointed in the male, which has the penultimate joint 
 of the long arista tlirice the length of the last joint, while it is short in 
 
 VOL. I. X 
 
154 POL1CHOPID.E. 
 
 the female. Wings brownish ; fringe of tfo alula pale. Appendages 
 of the hypopygium black at the tip, with pale curled hairs. Belly pale. 
 Legs pale yellow ; tarsi dusky, except the first joint. In the male the 
 legs are excessively long, the fore tarsi pale, with the last joint black, 
 compressed, pallet-shaped. 
 
 Rare. In the British Museum and other collections. (E.) 
 
 2. obscurella, Fin. d. s. dol. 13. 11 (1823) ; Stn.; Hal. ; Ztt.- 
 appendiculata, Mq. ; Stg. -plebeja, Mg. (foem.). Obscure cenea, capite 
 albido, palpis nigris, pedibus pallidis, alulis fusco-ciliatis, tarsis simpli- 
 cibus. Long. l|-2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Brassy blackish-green, not shining ; front and face whitish, face clear 
 white in the male. Palpi black. Antenna black, third joint at the 
 end reddish-brown, longer in the male, in which also the penultimate 
 joint is half as long as the last, but much less in the female. Wings 
 brownish, fringe of the alula dusky. Appendages of the hypopygium 
 dusky at the tip, with pale curled hairs. Legs pale yellow ; tarsi 
 darker except the first joint, simple in both sexes. Very like the pre- 
 ceding, but smaller, and the legs shorter, especially in the male. 
 
 Common about rivulets in the shade. (E. S. I.) 
 
 3. fulvicaudis, (Ct. MSS.) Obscure cenea, capite albido, antennis 
 et abdomine basi ferrugineis, pedibus pallidis, Mas. Long. 1^ lin. 
 
 Dull brassy-green y with a hoary tinge; face clear white. Palpi 
 yellowish. Antenna ferruginous, with the end of the third joint dusky ; 
 penultimate joint not elongated. Wings hyaline, fringe of the aluke 
 pale. First two segments of the abdomen somewhat pellucid ferruginous, 
 with their hind margin brassy, more largely in the second. Hypopy- 
 gium with the outer pair of appendages small, but somewhat dilated, 
 blackish-brown, fringed with paler hairs, their margin crenulated. Legs 
 very pale yellowish; tarsi darker towards the end, simple. 
 
 A male found near Bristol; in Mr. Curtis' s collection. (E.) 
 
 Genus III. DOLICHOPUS. 
 
 DOLICHOPUS, Mg. (1824); Stn.; Hal.; Stg.; et Ammobates, Stu. ; 
 Stg. Dolichopus p., LI. (1796) ; Fb. s. a. ; Fin. ; Ztt. Satyra p., 
 Mg. (1803). Muscay., L. ; Spl. ; Gfr.; Mir.; Hrs.; Gm. ; Ksi. ; 
 Shr. Orthoceratium p., Shr. 
 
 Antennae articulo tertio apice attenuato, arista dorsali sinuata. Pro- 
 boscis capite bremor. Hypopygium maris extricatum, obscurum, la- 
 mellis geminis externis patulis. 
 
 Generally stouter than the others of the family. Eyes pubescent, se- 
 parated ; face usually very narrow in the male ; cilia of the lower orbit 
 black, or pale ; supercilia black spines. Proboscis usually very short, 
 never as long as the head. Antenna with the third joint tapering, 
 
DOLICHOPUS. 155 
 
 sometimes long and pointed in the male ; the compressed tip often 
 slightly pellucid brown when the rest is black ; arista seated above, about 
 the middle of it, or nearer to the tip, finely pubescent or naked, the 
 penultimate joint extending beyond the third, but generally shorter than 
 the last, curved and forming a slight (or indistinct) angle with the last. 
 Scutellum usually flat and naked on the disc, sometimes slightly pubescent 
 (sp. 47-50). Metathoracic epimera larger than common, partly concealing 
 the sides of the first segment of the abdomen. Wings with the discal 
 transverse vein placed at about their half-length, its distance from the 
 hind margin (measured on the continuation of the pobrachial) more 
 than its own length ; praebrachial vein approaching the cubital towards 
 the end in a curve, or with a sudden twist, rarely forming two alter- 
 nate right angles with a rudimentary branch (sp. 35-37). The wings 
 often differ in the sexes ; the costal vein being thickened near its junc- 
 tion with the subcostal, or hind margin sinuated, or the markings 
 different, in the male.* The hairs which fringe the alulae are either 
 black or pale; in species 39-42 they have both black hairs and pale 
 pubescence. Abdomen conical, somewhat compressed behind; the 
 sixth segment in the male exserted, but short, glossy-tomentose with- 
 out bristles. Hypopygium long, somewhat compressed, darJc-coloured, 
 free, but scarcely petiolate, the seventh segment being very short : the 
 outer pair of appendages enlarged into plates, slightly concave, somewhat 
 like a bivalve shell, freely articulated by the narrow base, the margin 
 fringed and usually jagged at the end ; these, in conjunction with a 
 compressed lobe of each lateral margin of the hypopygium next the 
 belly, nearly conceal the other appendages excepting the uppermost one 
 (" aculeus ") ; but in some of those with unarmed metatarsi an exterior 
 forceps with slender arms is visible. In the species 39-42, which 
 Stannius has treated as a peculiar genus, Ammobates, the appendages are 
 singularly shaped, especially the aculeus, which is notched or toothed 
 and attenuated at the end into a curved spine. Each species has some 
 peculiarity in the form of these parts. The hind tibiae are rather 
 thickly spined ; in many also the hind metatarsus is spined ; and in a 
 few the posterior femora nave more than one spine towards the tip, 
 (these are liable to be broken off, but the sockets are visible as 
 black dots). In the males the tarsi are often peculiarly formed or 
 marked, or the femora fringed beneath, or the tibiae thickened, mostly 
 the hind pair, which have also a sort of variole in some (e. g., 
 sp. 17, 27). 
 
 This extensive genus has obtained the particular attention of 
 authors. The admirable monograph by Stannius in the ( Isis ' for 
 1831, and that of the Danish species by Stseger, in Kroyer's 
 'Naturhist. Tidsskrift' (1842), deserve particular mention. 
 
 * These distinctions have been minutely examined in most of the species, and 
 illustrated with figures, by Macquart in Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. ser, 2. t. ii. pi. 4, 5. 
 
156 DOLICHOPIDJE. 
 
 The British species being pretty numerous, the following 
 scheme may assist in the investigation of them : 
 
 A. Hind metatarsus spiny. 
 
 B. Cilia of the lower orbit black. 
 
 a. Metatarsus with numerous spines (more than ten, in the male 
 
 at least). Species 1, 2. 
 
 a a. Metatarsus with few spines (less than ten). 
 b. Fore coxae blackish. 
 
 c. Lamellae of male dusky. Species 3. 
 e c. Lamellae pale. 
 
 d. Middle tarsi enlarged at the tip, in male. Species 4. 
 d d. Fore tarsi enlarged at the tip, in male. Species 5, 6. 
 d dd. Anterior tarsi simple in both sexes. Species 7, 8. 
 b b. Fore coxae pale in part. 
 
 e. Posterior femora with several spines. Species 9. 
 e e. Posterior femora with single spine. Species 10, 11. 
 B B. Cilia of the lower orbit pale. 
 /. Face not descending lower than the eyes. 
 
 g. Flexure of subapical vein obtuse-angled, simple. 
 
 h. First joint of antennae entirely black. Species 1214. 
 h h. First joint of antenna? pale, at least in part beneath. 
 t . Middle tarsi of male marked. 
 k. With a white spot. Species 15. 
 k k. Partially enlarged. 
 
 /. Posterior femora with a single spine. Species 16,17. 
 1 1. Posterior femora with several spines. Species 18. 
 i i. Fore tarsi enlarged at the tip, in male. 
 
 m. Posterior femora with several spines. Species 19. 
 m m. Posterior femora with a single spine. Species 
 
 20, 21. 
 
 i i i. Anterior tarsi not enlarged in either sex. 
 . Hind femora not fringed in either sex. 
 
 o. Costal vein swelled about the junction with the 
 
 subcostal, in male. Species 22-24. 
 o o. Costal vein nearly simple in both sexes. Spe- 
 cies 25-28. 
 
 n n. Hind femora fringed beneath, in male. 
 p. Femora dusky. Species 29, 30. 
 p p. Femora yellow. 
 
 q. Costal vein without swelling. Species 31, 32. 
 q q. Costal vein with a swelling, in male. Species 
 
 33, 34. 
 g g. Fracture of subapical vein forming alternate right angles, 
 
 with a rudiment of a branch. Species 35, 36. 
 //. Face descending lower than the eyes. 
 
DOLICHOPUS. 157 
 
 r. Second joint of antennae shortest. Species 37. 
 r r. Second joint of antennae as long as first or third. Sp. 38. 
 A A. Hind metatarsus without spines. 
 C. Cilia of the lower orbit pale. 
 
 *. Face descending at least as low as the jeyes. Species 39-42. 
 * *. Face not descending as low as the eyes. Species 43-46. 
 C C. Cilia of the lower orbit black. 
 t. Disc of scutellum pubescent. 
 . Femora dusky. Species 47. 
 u u. Femora and tibiaB pale. Species 52. 
 1 1. Disc of scutellum glabrous. 
 
 v. Femora yellow. Species 48, 49. 
 v v. Femora dusky. Species 51. 
 
 Section A. Hind metatarsus spined. 
 
 These may be considered as the typical portion of the genus. 
 The lamellae of the male are usually dingy white (sometimes 
 yellowish), edged with black and fringed ; but dusky in species 3. 
 The first eleven species have the cilia of the lower orbit black ; as 
 are also the antennae, palpi, and the fringe of the alulae. 
 
 1. atratus, Mg. zw. iv. 76. 3 (1824); Mq.; Stn.; Hal. Atro- 
 mrens, hypostomate albido, pedibvs nigris, femoribus posterioribus unispi- 
 nosis, alls dimidio exterwre nigricante ; Mas. tibiis et metatarsi* posticis 
 dense hispidis, alarum plaga saturatius nigra. Long. 2 ; alar. 4^ lin. 
 
 Metallic blackish-green. Antennas with the third joint somewhat 
 pointed. Face dull silvery white. Wing* blackish in the outer half, 
 particularly in front, more intensely and determinately so in the male. 
 Black edge of lamella narrow. Legs dull black. Posterior femora with 
 a single spine (as in most). Hind tibia and metatarsus thick-set with 
 spines in the male (nearly twenty on each ; but only an ordinary num- 
 ber in the female). 
 
 Common in swamps among mountains. (E. S. I.) 
 Obs. D. maculipennis, Ztt. d. s. 520. 17, an allied species, 
 differs, having two spines on the posterior femora, and the face 
 dull grey, not so narrow in the male. 
 
 2. picipes, Mg. zw. iv. 76. 4 (1824). Obscure anew, hyposto- 
 mate albo, pedibus piceis, alis fuscanis, tibiis et metatarsis posticis dense 
 hispidis. Long. 2| lin. 
 
 Front blackish in male, white in female. Face silvery wnite. Thorax 
 dark golden green, the sides slate-grey. Abdomen metallic green, in 
 some lights with bluish-grey reflections, the incisures black (as is the 
 case more or less with most of the species). Wings entirely dusky, 
 rather darker at the fore edge. Black edge of lamellae very narrow. 
 Legs piceous, hind tibia and metatarsus very thickly spined on the outside. 
 
158 DOLICHOPID^E. 
 
 The specimen in Mr. Stephens's collection, under this name 
 (a female), has the anterior tibiae ferruginous. The posterior 
 femora bear a single spine. See species 7. 
 
 3. fulgidus, Fin. dol. 15. 18 (1823); TAi.campestris, Mg. ; 
 Stn. ; Mq. ; Hal. ; Stg. ; Ztt. Atro-virens, metatarsis anterioribus et 
 tibiis ferrugineis, femoribus intermediis bispinosis ; Mas. femoribus posticis 
 breviter fusco-ciliatis, lamellis fuscis, hypostomate ochraceo ; Fcem. hypo- 
 stomate cano. Long. 2 ; alar. 4^ lin. 
 
 Metallic blackish-green. Face dull yellow in male, grey in female. 
 Wings hyaline, the hind edge waved in the male. Lamella of male 
 dusky. Legs black ; tibiae ferruginous , hind pair black at the very tip ; 
 first joint of anterior tarsi ferruginous. Intermediate femora with two 
 spines ; hind pair with one, and in the male fringed beneath with very 
 short dusky hairs. 
 
 Not rare. (E. S. I.) 
 
 4. planitarsis. Fin. dol. 12. 8 (1823); Mg.; Mq. ; Stn.; Hal.; 
 Stg. ; Ztt. Atro-virens, hypostomate albo, tibiis tarsisque anterioribus 
 
 ferrugineis ; Mas. tarsis intermediis articulo ultimo dilatato atro. Long. 
 2; alar. 4^ lin. 
 
 Metallic blackish-green. Face white. Wings hyaline. Black edge 
 of the lamellae; very narrow. Hind legs black ; the anterior tibia with 
 the tip of the femora, and the tarsi except the tip, dull ferruginous. In 
 the male the last joint of the middle tarsi is somewhat enlarged and fea- 
 thered, deep black. 
 
 Bare. (E. I.) 
 
 5. melanopus, Mg. zw. iv. 86. 21 (1824); Mq. ; Stg.; Ztt. 
 Obscure ceneus, hypostomate albo, pedibus nigris ; Mas. tarsis anticis 
 articulo ultimo dilatato atro, femoribus posticis nigro-ciliatis, alis lineola 
 costali nigra. Long 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Dark brassy. Face white, duller in female. Wings rather short, 
 hyaline, with a black costal swelling in male. Black edge of lamellae 
 broad. Legs black. The male has the fore tarsus longer than the 
 tibia, the third and fourth joints brownish, i\ie ffth joint dilated, round, 
 deep black-, the hind femora fringed beneath with black hairs. 
 
 Eare. In Mr. Dale's collection. (E.) 
 
 6. nigripes, Fin. dol. 10. 3 (1823); Stg.; Ztt. melanopus, Stn. 
 Atro-virens, hypostomate albido, tarsis anticis medio et genubus ferru- 
 gineis ; Mas. tarsis anticis articulo ultimo dilatato atro, femoribus pos- 
 terioribus basi breviter albido-ciliatis, alis lineola costali nigra. Long. 
 21 -, alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Metallic blackish-green ; front steel-blue. Face white, duller in female. 
 Wrings narrower and longer than in the last, hyaline, dusky at the fore 
 edge, with a black costal swelling in male ; obscure hyaline in female. 
 Blackish edge of lamellae narrow. Anterior legs in male black, with 
 
DOLICHOPUS. 159 
 
 ferruginous knees, the fore tarsus much longer than the tibia, with the 
 intermediate joints yellowish, and the last somewhat dilated, deep black ; 
 in the female piceous, with the knees ferruginous, the extreme base of 
 the metatarsi pale, and the intermediate joints of the fore tarsus light 
 brown; hind legs black, femora in male ciliated towards the base with 
 short white hairs. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Dale's collection. (E.) 
 
 7. fastuosus, Hal. z. j. v. 360. 8 (I83I).picipes, Stn.; Stg.j 
 Ztt. d. s. -plebejus, Ztt. lap. Atro-virens, hypostomate albo, pedibus 
 nigris; Mas. femoribus posticis breviter fusco-ciliatis, alis antice infuscatis 
 postice emarginatis. Long. 2-| ; alar. 4^ lin. 
 
 Metallic blackish-green. Face white, duller in the female. Wings in 
 male obscure hyaline, dusky at the fore edge, narrow, the hind margin 
 being strongly sinuated-, in the female broader, and more generally 
 tinged with brown. Black edge of lamella narrow. Legs long, black, 
 with a ferruginous dot at the knees, and the extreme .base of the 
 anterior metatarsi pale ; hind femora in male fringed with very short 
 dusky hairs. 
 
 Not rare in woods. (E. S. L) 
 
 I have not ventured to follow Stannius in considering this to 
 be D. picipes, Mg., as the hind tibia and metatarsus are not more 
 bristly than usual. 
 
 8. rupestris, Hal. e. m. i. 164 (1833). -festinans, lii.fusci- 
 manus, Ztt. Fusco-ceneus, femoribus tibiisque ferrugineis, posticis apice 
 nigris; Mas. tibiis posticis subincrassatis, hypostomate ochraceo ; Foem. 
 hypostomate canescente. Long. 1-| ; alar. 3^ lin-. 
 
 Dull brassy -brown. Face ochre-brown in male, dull grey in female. 
 Wings hyaline, with a mere dot for the costal swelling in the male. 
 Lamellas dingy yellowish, with dusky edge. Coxa3 blackish, glossed 
 with grey ; trochanters dusky ; femora ferruginous, the fore pair often 
 dusky from the base to the middle or more, the others, or the hind pair 
 only, dusky at tJie tip ; tibice ferruginous, the hind pair black at the tip, 
 in the male slightly thickened above the middle, with a small denuded 
 space and an impression there. Anterior tarsi dusky with the meta- 
 tarsus mostly ferruginous, the hind pair black. Smaller than species 13. 
 
 Not rare, on mountains. (E. S. I.) 
 
 9. aeneus, Dg. vi. 104. 15 (1776). 'Ungulatus, L. ? s. n. x. ; 
 Shr. ; Esi. ; Pz. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Stn. ; Hal. ; Stg. ; Ztt. ; Grn. ! 
 ic. 96. 4. Var. chalybeus, Mg. Var. nigricornis, Mg. ; Mq. Viridi- 
 fsneus, hypostomate albo, antennis nigris, pedibus luteis, tibiis posticis 
 apice tarsisque nigris, femoribus posterioribus pluri-spinosis ; Mas. femo- 
 ribus nigro-ciliatis, alis lineola costali nigra. Long. 2|- ; alar. 4-| lin. 
 
 Brassy-green, varying to coppery, more rarely steel-blue. Face white, 
 sometimes straw-colour in the male. Wings hyaline, with a black 
 costal swelling* in male; smoky hyaline in female. Lamella? dingy 
 
160 DOLICHOPID^E. 
 
 yellowish-white, with a broad black border. Legs, and the tip of the 
 fore coxse, tawny yellow ; hind tibia black at the end to about a fourth 
 of their length ; tarsi black., anterior metatarsi yellowish. Posterior 
 femora with three to jive spines in a row between the middle and the 
 tip. All the femora in the male fringed beneath in the outer half wi^ 
 blackish hairs, longest on the hind pair. One of the largest species, 
 and very stout. 
 
 Abundant on the rank herbage about drains. (E. S. I.) 
 06s. Musca ungulata, L. (fn. i. 1053), originally denoted a 
 different insect (see Hydrophorus binotatus) ; and that trivial 
 name has been since applied so variously that it seems best to 
 drop it entirely. 
 
 10. brevipennis, Mg. iv. 89. 27 (1824) ; Stn. ; Hal. ; Stg. ; Ztt. 
 -plumitarsis var., Fin. ungulatus, L.? s. n. xii. JEneo-mridis, an- 
 tennis nigris, pedibus luteis, posticorum tibiis apice tarsisque nigris ; 
 Mas. tarsis anticis articulis duobus extremis compressis atris, quinto 
 latissimo, femoribus posticis pallido-ciliatis, alis lineola costali nigra, 
 hypostomate ochraceo ; Fcem. hypostomate cano. Long. 2^ ; alar. 
 4f lin. 
 
 Brassy-green. Face ochre-yellow in male, whitish in female. Wings 
 hyaline, with a black costal swelling, in male ; smoky hyaline in female. 
 LamellaB dingy yellow, with a very broad blackish border. Legs, and 
 tip of the fore coxaB, tawny yellow ; trochanters brownish ; hind tibia 
 black at the end, to a fourth of their length in the female, in the male 
 to a full third ; tarsi black first three joints of fore pair, and meta- 
 tarsus of the middle pair, yellowish. In the male the hind femora are 
 fringed with pale yellow hairs, the fore tarsi are slender, half as long 
 again as the tibia, the fourth and fifth joints deep black, short, com- 
 pressed, and ciliated on the upper edge, the ffth much the broadest, 
 
 Common in swampy spots. (E. S. I.) 
 
 11. equestris, Hal. z. j. v. 359. 4 (1831). cinctus, Stg. 
 fferi, Ztt. Mneo-mridis, hypostomate albo, antennis nigris, pedibus flams, 
 posticorum tibiis apice tarsisque nigris; Mas. tarsis anticis articulo 
 ultimo compresso atro, femoribus posticis nigro-ciliatis, alis lineola costali 
 nigra. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Brassy-green. Face white. Wings hyaline, with a slight black 
 costal swelling in the male. Black edge of lamellae narrow. Legs 
 and fore coxse yellow, the latter at the base blackish-grey. Hind tibia 
 at the tip and tarsi black, anterior metatarsi yellowish. In the male 
 the fore tarsus is considerably longer than the tibia, with the inter- 
 mediate joints brownish, the fifth joint shortest, compressed, deep black, 
 (much smaller in- proportion than in the preceding species;) the hind 
 femora are fringed with black hairs. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 
 
DOLICHOPUS. 161 
 
 In the rest (species 12-38), the cilia of the lower orbit are 
 silvery- white or straw-colour ; the fringe of the alulae usually 
 blackish ; the palpi yellow, except in the first three following. 
 
 12. atripes, Mg. zw. iv. 102. 51 (1824); Stn. Atro-mrens, 
 antennis pedibusque nigris, alis fuscanis, hypostomate ochraceo, Mas.; aut 
 cano, Fcem. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Dark brassy-green. Face ochre in the male, dull whitish in the female. 
 Antenna and palpi black. Scutellum slightly pubescent on the disc. 
 Wings dusky hyaline, darker at the fore edge in the male. Lamella? 
 much curved, dingy yellowish-white, with dusky pubescence, the tip 
 blackish, very slightly ciliated. Legs black ; a ferruginous dot at the 
 knee, and at the base of the metatarsus of the anterior pairs ; which are 
 sometimes piceous, or the fore tibiae yet paler. Smaller than species 3. 
 
 Not common. (E. S. I.) 
 
 13. phseopus, (Hal., MSS.) Atro-virens, hypostomate candido, 
 antennis nigris, pedibus piceis, tibiis anticis pallescentibus, alls obscure 
 hyalinis. Long. If ; alar. 3^- lin. 
 
 Dark brassy-green. Face silvery-white. Antenna and palpi black. 
 Wings dusky hyaline, with the costal swelling reduced to a mere dot, 
 as in the next. Lamellae rather oblong-ovate, dingy-white, with a 
 narrow black edge, the tip jagged and ciliated (as is usual). Legs 
 piceous ; the fore pair lighter, with the tibiae rather pale ; the hind 
 tibiae and tarsi blackish. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 
 
 Obs. D. Irachycerus, Ztt. d. s. 526. 22, may perhaps be the 
 other sex of this species. See also D. nigripes, Mg. zw. vii. 164. 64. 
 
 14. vitripennis, Mg. zw. iv. 78. 7 (1824) ; Stn. ; H 
 
 Ztt. Atro-virens, hypostomate candido, antennis pedibusque nigris, tibiis 
 ferrugineis, alis hyalinis ; Mas. alis postice subsinuatis. Long. 1 J ; 
 alar. 3^ lin. 
 
 Dark brassy -green, or bluish-green. Face white. Antennae and 
 palpi black. Wings broad, hyaline ; in the male the hind margin is 
 slightly sinuated, and the costal swelling a mere dot. Lamellae some- 
 what triangular, dingy-white, the black edge narrow and ciliated at 
 the tip. Legs black, the tibia, the tip of the knees, and the anterior 
 metatarsi ferruginous, the latter and the hind tibiae blackish at the tip. 
 
 Not rare. (E. S. I.) 
 
 15. urbanus, Mg. zw. iv. 92. 31 (1824); Stn.; Hal.; Stg. ; Ztt. 
 Viridi-aneus, hypostomate albo, antennis luteis apice nigris, pedibus flavis, 
 tibiis tarsisque posticis nigris, alis fuscanis ; Mas. tar sis intermediis ar- 
 ticulo ultimo candido, femoribus posticis bispinosis, alis postice emargina- 
 tis. Long. 2i ; alar. 4^ lin. 
 
 Brassy -green. Face silvery -white, duller in the female. Antenna 
 tawny yellow, third joint black, with a small yellow spot at the base. 
 
 VOL. I. Y 
 
162 DOLICHOPID^E. 
 
 Wings brownish ; darker along the fore edge, and sinuated at the hind 
 edge in the male. Black edge of the lamella rather narrow, deeply 
 jagged at the tip. Legs and fore coxae yellow, fore coxae with a 
 whitish gloss in the male : femora, especially the hind pair, dusky 
 above towards the tip ; hind tibia black, dusky towards the base and 
 paler there ; hind tarsi black, the first two joints of the others yellow. 
 In the male the last joint of the middle tarsi is white, the preceding 
 joint deep black, and the hind femora bear two, rarely three spines. 
 Not common. (E. S. I.) 
 
 16. plumipes, Spl. earn. 895 (1763). pennitarsis, Fin.; Mg. ; 
 Mq. ; Stn.; Hal.; Stg. ; Ztt. Var. Wahlbergi, Ztt. Jtneo-viridis, 
 antennis luteis, articulo ultimo apice nigro, pedibus flavis, tibiis posticis 
 apice tarsisque nigris, metatarso antico flavido ; Mas. metatarso inter- 
 medio atro-pennato, alls postice emarginatis, hypostomate J/avo ; Fcem. hy- 
 postomate albido. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Brassy or gilded green. Face golden-yellow in male, yellowish-w/M/e 
 in female. Antenna tawny yellow, the upper edge and tip of the third 
 joint blackish. Wings hyaline ; the costal swelling a mere dot, and the 
 hind edge sinuated in the male. Black edge of the lamellae narrow, 
 somewhat jagged at the tip. Legs and fore coxae yellow ; tarsi and 
 tip of hind tibia black ; fore metatarsus yellowish. In the male the 
 middle pair have the tibiae long and slender, with a denuded streak 
 down the outer edge, which is sometimes dusky ; the metatarsus long, 
 and feathered on each side with black bristles. Varies, more rarely, 
 with the hind tibia3 immaculate, and the hind metatarsus pale tipped 
 with brown. 
 
 Common and generally diffused. (E. S. I.) 
 
 17. pennatus, Mg. zw. iv. 90.28(1824); Mq.; Stn.; Hal.; Ztt. 
 signatus, Mg. ; Mq. ; Stg. popularis var., Fin. JEneo-viridis, an- 
 tennis basi subtus luteis, pedibus Jlavis, tarsis nigris, metatarsis anteriori- 
 bus flams ; Mas. tarsis intermediis articulis secundo et tertio dilatatis 
 atris, quarto et quinto albo-micantibus, tibiis posticis incrassatis, alis 
 postice emarginatis, hypostomate Jlavo ; Fcem. hypostomate albido. Long. 
 2| ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Brassy-green. Face golden-yellow in male, yellowish-white in female. 
 Antenna black, first joint tawny yellow, with the upper edge black. 
 Wings obscure hyaline, with the hind edge sinuated in the male, Black 
 edge of lamellae narrow, deeply jagged at the tip. Legs and fore coxae 
 yellow ; tarsi black, anterior metatarsi yellow. In tfa male the first 
 joint of the middle tarsi is as long as the four following together ; 
 these are compressed, the second and third joints dilated, and slightly 
 feathered, deep black, the fourth and ffth glossed with white in front ; 
 the hind tibia are thick, and have a denuded space behind, with an 
 impression above the middle. 
 
 Pretty common and generally diffused. (E. S. I.) 
 
DOLICHOPUS. 163 
 
 18. popularis, Wd. mag. ii. 70. 15 (1818); Fin.; Mg. ; Mq.; 
 Stn. ; Hal. ; Stg. ; Ztt. ungulatus, Fb. s. a. JEneo-viridis, antennis 
 luteis apice nigris, pedibus flavis, tarsis apice nigris, femoribm posticis 
 pluri-spinosis ; Mas. tarsis intermediis articulis tertio et quarto dilatatis 
 atris, ultimo albo, alls postice emarginatis, hypostomate fiavo ; Fcern. hy- 
 postomate albido. Long. 2^ ; alar. 4-i lin. 
 
 Brassy-green. Face golden-yellow in male, yellowish-white in female. 
 Antenna tawny yellow, third joint blackish above and at the tip. 
 Wings hyaline, with the hind edge sinuated in the male ; more obscure 
 hyaline in female. Black edge of lamellss narrow, somewhat jagged at 
 the tip. Legs and fore coxas yellow ; tarsi blackish, the base yellowish, 
 that is, the first two joints of the anterior tarsi, and the metatarsus of 
 the hind pair. Hind femora usually with three spines (in male), or two 
 (in female). In the male the third and fourth joints of the middle tarsi 
 are dilated and feathered, deep black, the last joint white. 
 
 Pretty common and generally diffused. (E. S. I.) 
 
 19. claviger, Stn. isis, xxviii. 56. 9 (1831.) ; Stg. ; Ztt. Aureo-vi- 
 ridis, hypostomate albo, antennis nigris basi subtus luteis, pedibus pallide 
 
 Jlavis, tarsis apice posticis totis nigris, femoribus posterioribus plurispino- 
 sis ; Mas. tarsis anticis tibia sesquilongioribus, articulo ultimo patelli- 
 formi atro, femoribus anticis et alulis pallido-ciliatis, alis lineola costali 
 nigra. Long. 2-| ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Gilded-green. Face glossy white in male, dull white in female. An- 
 tenna black, lower edge of the first joint tawny yellow. Wings hyaline ; 
 the flexure of the subapical vein very faint ; in the male with a black 
 costal swelling. Fringe of alulae pale in male, partly black in female. 
 Black edge of lamella broad, and jagged at the tip. Legs and fore 
 coxa pale yellow, the latter with a grey spot at the base ; the tip of the 
 hind tibiae, the hind tarsi, the middle pair except the metatarsus, and tJie 
 tip of tJie fore pair, black. Posterior thighs with three spines (rarely 
 two or four). In the male, the fore tarsus is half as long again as the 
 tibia, the joints decreasing in length to the fourth, the fifth joint about 
 as long as this, dilated, rounded, deep black ; the fore femora we fringed 
 with pale hairs beneath towards the tip, and the black tip of the hind 
 tibia contains a pale streak. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Stephens' s collection. (E.) 
 
 20. discifer, Stn. isis, xxviii. 57. 10 (1831); Stg.; Ztt. d. s. 
 patellatus, Mg. ; Hal. confusus, Ztt. lap. Aureo-viridis, hypostomate 
 albo, antennis nigris basi subtus luteis, pedibus pallide fiavis, coxis anticis 
 immaculatis, tarsis apice posticis totis nigris, alis vena subapicali levis- 
 sime fiexa; Mas. tarsis anticis tibia plus duplo longioribus, articulo 
 ultimo brevissimo dilatato atro basi puncto albo. Long. 2^ ; alar. 4-| lin. 
 
 Gilded-green. Face glossy white in male, dull white in female. An- 
 tenna black, the lower edge of the first joint tawny yellow. Wings 
 hyaline and rather narrow in male, broader and brownish in the female ; 
 
164 DOLICHOPID^E. 
 
 the subapical vein with a very faint flexure, ending in the costal margin 
 farther from the tip of the wing than is usual in this section. Black 
 edge of lamellae narrow, jagged at the tip. Legs pale yellow, fore coxae 
 pale yellow, immaculate ; the hind tarsi, the middle pair except the me- 
 tatarsus, and the last joint of the fore pair, with a small spot at the tip 
 of the hind tibise, black. The legs of male are very long, the fore coxae 
 naked and glossed with white, the fore tarsus more than twice as long as 
 the tibia and very slender, the intermediate joints of equal length, the 
 first rather longer, the last joint extremely short, dilated, deep black, 
 with a white speck at the base. 
 
 Not common, in moist spots in elevated woods. (I.) 
 
 21. confusus, Ztt. d. s. 535. 29 (1843). -patellatus, Stn.(1831). 
 
 jEneo-viridis, fronte subcyanea, hyposlomate albo, antennis nigris basi 
 subtus luteis, pedibus Jlavis, coxis anticis basi cinereis, tarsis apice 
 posticis totis nigris, alis vena subapicali geniculata ; Mas. tarsis anticis 
 tibia sesquilongioribus, articulo ultimo dilatato atro. Long. 2-^; alar. 
 4flin. 
 
 Brassy-green ; front bluish-green ; face white. Antenna black, the 
 lower edge of the first joint tawny yellow. Wings obscure hyaline, darker 
 in the female ; flexure of subapical vein obtuse-angled, sometimes with a 
 rudiment of a branch. Black edge of lamellae of moderate breadth, 
 deeply jagged at the tip. Legs yellow ; fore coxa yellow, with the base 
 grey ; hind tibiae dusky at the tip ; hind tarsi, middle pair except the 
 metatarsus, and the tip of the fore pair black. In the male, the fore 
 tarsus is fully half as long again as the tibia, the joints decreasing in 
 length to the fourth, which is a little compressed and pale, the Jifth 
 joint as long as the fourth, compressed, much dilated, somewhat trian- 
 gular, deep black. 
 
 Rare. In the collections of Messrs. Curtis and Clifton. (E.) 
 06s. D.plumitarsiSj Tin. dol. 10. 4, which has been introduced 
 into the British lists also, has the twist of the subapical vein 
 almost rectangular, and the fore coxae immaculate yellow; the 
 last two joints of the fore tarsus in the male are dilated and 
 feathered, black. I have not seen a native specimen of it. 
 
 22. longicornis, Stn. isis, xxviii. 53. 7 (1831) ; Ztt.acuticornis, 
 Fin.; Mg. ; Mq. ; Hal.; Stg. Pallide census, antennis acuminatis 
 
 Jlavis supra apiceque nigris, pedibus pallide jlavis, tarsis apice posticis 
 totis nigris ; Mas. antennis capite longioribus, tibiis posticis apice foveo- 
 latis, alis lineola costali nigra, alulis pallido-ciliatis, hypostomate flaves- 
 cente ; Fcem. hypostomate albido. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Brassy-green, rather pale. Face in male pale yellowish, with silvery 
 gloss ; in female white. Antenna pointed, yellow, blackish on the upper 
 edge, and to the tip of the third joint ; in the male as long as the head is 
 broad, the third joint lanceolate, as long as the two preceding together, 
 the tip curved upwards. Wings in the male hyaline, narrow, the anal 
 
DOLICHOPTJS. 165 
 
 angle being much rounded away, with the black costal swelling stronger 
 than in the next two ; in female brownish-hyaline ; bend of subapical 
 vein very slight. Fringe of alula pale in male. Legs very pale yellow ; 
 middle coxa3 outside and the base of the hind pair grey ; tip of the 
 anterior tarsi dusky, and hind pair black. In the male, only the last 
 joint of the fore tarsus is dusky, the fore coxa3 denuded of black pu- 
 bescence, the tip of the hind tibia thickened and foveolated, sometimes 
 dusky. 
 
 Not uncommon. (E. S. I.) 
 
 23. acuticomis, Wd. mag. ii. 74. 23 (1818) ; Stn. ; 'Ztt.ru- 
 ralis, Mg. ; Mq. ; Stg. Pallide aneus, hypostomate candido, antennis 
 acuminatis nigris basi subtus luteis, pedibus pallide fiavis, tibiis posticis 
 apice tarsisque nigris, metatarso anticofiavido ; Mas. antennis capite lon- 
 gioribus, alls lineola costali nigra, alulis paUido-ciliatis. Long. 1 ^ ; 
 alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Brassy, with a pale bloom. Front usually bluish-green. Face 
 silvery-white. Antenna pointed, black, with the under edge of the first 
 joint tawny yellow, spreading into a spot at the tip ; in the male about 
 as long as the head is broad, the third joint lanceolate, curved upwards 
 at the tip, almost as long as the preceding two together. Wrings 
 brownish-hyaline; in the male rather narrow, with a black costal 
 swelling ; bend of subapical vein very slight. Fringe of alula pale 
 in male. Forceps and internal appendages of hypopygium slender and 
 longer than usual. Legs very pale yellow ; posterior coxa? grey out- 
 side ; hind tibia black at the tip ; fore tarsi dusky with the metatarsus 
 pale yellowish; posterior tarsi black, base of middle metatarsus pale 
 brown. In the male the fore coxa? are denuded and glossed with 
 white, and the intermediate joints of the hind tarsus a little com- 
 pressed. 
 
 Not common, on sandy coasts. In Mr. Holiday's collection. (T.) 
 
 24. linearis, Mg. zw. iv. 84. 17 (1824) ; Hal. F(Bm. parvulus, 
 Ztt. Pallide aneus, hypostomate candido, antennis nigris basi luteis, 
 pedibus pallide fiavis, tarsis apice posticis totis nigris ; Mas. alis lineola 
 costali nigra. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Brassy, with a pale bloom. Face silvery- white. Antenna black ; 
 the first joint yellow, as long as the second and third together ; the 
 third somewhat triangular. Wings dark hyaline; rather narrow in 
 the male, with a black costal swelling; bend of subapical vein very 
 slight. Fringe of alula? chiefly black. Legs very pale yellow, middle 
 coxa? with grey spot outside ; hind tarsi, and the tips of the anterior 
 tarsi and hind tibia?, black. Fore coxae denuded in the male. Nearly 
 allied to the preceding two, but the antenna? not longer than in the 
 next ; from which it differs, besides its inferior size, by the coxa? and 
 anterior tarsi more largely yellow, the slighter flexure of the subapicai 
 vein, the clear white face, and by the several characters noticed as 
 peculiar to the male. 
 
166 POLlCHOPIDjE. 
 
 Very rare, on sandy coasts. In Mr. HalidayV collection. (I.) 
 
 Obs. D. agiliSy Stn. ib. 127. 22, seems to come very near to 
 
 this, differing, however, by the stronger bend of the subapical 
 
 vein, the anterior tarsi black with only the metatarsus pale, and 
 
 the thickened tip of the hind tibiae; but see Ztt. d. s. 3081. 
 
 25. simplex, Mg. (mas.) zw. iv. 85. 20 (1824); Stn.; Mq.; Stg.; 
 Ztt. thalassinus, Hal. JEneo-viridis, antennis nigris basi luteis, pedibus 
 
 fiavis, tarsis nigris, metatarsis anterioribus fiavidis, hypostomate fla- 
 vescente, Mas. ; aut cano, Fcem. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Brassy-green. Front usually bluish-green. Face in male pale 
 yellowish, with silver gloss, in female dull whitish. Antenna blackish, 
 the first joint (and in the female the second also) entirely tawny yellow. 
 Wings dark hyaline, rather brownish in female. Legs, fore coxae en- 
 tirely, and the tip of the hind pair, pale yellow ; hind tibiae with a 
 blackish spot at the tip ; tarsi blackish, anterior metatarsi yellowish, 
 rather dusky in the second pair. Fore coxae in male not entirely 
 denuded. 
 
 Pretty common. (E. S.I.) 
 
 26. lineatocornis, Ztt. d. s. 538. 32 (1843). Firidi-aneus, an- 
 tennis nigris basi subtus luteis, pedibus fiavis, tarsis nigris, metatarsis 
 anterioribus fiavidis, hypostomate flavido, Mas. ; aut cano, Fcem. 
 Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Brassy-green. Face ochre-yellow in male, dull whitish in female. 
 Antennae black, lower edge of first joint tawny yellow. Wings dark 
 hyaline. Legs and fore coxa? dull yellow ; tip of hind tibia and the 
 tarsi blackish ; anterior metatarsi yellowish. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Dale's collection. (E.) 
 
 27. sabinus, Hal. a. n. h. ii. 184 (1838). -pictus, Stg.; Ztt. 
 Mneus, hypostomate candido, antennis nigris basi subtus luteis, pedibus 
 fiavis, tibiis posticis apice tarsisque nigris, his basi flamdis ; Mas. alls 
 lineola costali nigra, maculaque subapicali fusca. Long. 1-| ; alar. 
 3ilin. 
 
 Brassy. Front metallic green. Face silvery-white. Antenna 
 black, the lower edge of the first two joints tawny yellow, extending to 
 the base of the third. Wings dark hyaline, immaculate in the female, 
 in the male with a dusky spot along the fore edge in the outer half, and 
 the black costal swelling short. Legs and fore coxae yellow, hind tibiee 
 blackish at the tip; tarsi black; base of the metatarsi yellow, more 
 largely in the anterior pairs. Hind tibia rather thick in the male, 
 with an impression behind above the middle. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 
 
 28. nubilus, Mg. zw. iv. 76. 39 (1824); Stn.; Stg.; Ztt. 
 inquinatus, Hal. Obscure aneo-viridis, hypostomate candido, antennis 
 nigris puncto infero lutescente, pedibus fiavis, femoribus tibiisque posticis 
 
DOLICHOPUS. 167 
 
 apice tarsisque nigris ; Mas. alls versus apicem antice infuscatis, alulis 
 pallido-ciliatis. Var. pallipes, Mq. actaus, Hal. Firidi-cyaneus, alls 
 immaculatis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Dark brassy-green. Front bluish-green, with a faint hoary shade. 
 Face silvery-white in male, dull white in female. Antennae black, with 
 an ochre-brown dot beneath at the tip of the first joint. Wings dark 
 hyaline ; in the male clouded with brown along the fore edge in the 
 outer half. Fringe of alula pale in male. Lamellae dingy white, trun- 
 cated at the end, not jagged and scarcely ciliated, with a very narrow 
 dusky edge ; forceps prominent, with broad, foliaceous, curved, obtuse 
 arms. Legs yellow ; fore coxae yellow, usually with a grey spot at the 
 base, in the male glossed with white ; hind femora with a dusky spot at 
 tip ; tip of hind tibia and the tarsi black, anterior metatarsi yellowish, 
 tipped with black. The variety is usually smaller ; dark bluish-green ; 
 wings immaculate ; legs paler yellow, fore coxa3 immaculate. 
 
 Common on the sea-coast. (E. S. I.) 
 
 29. clavipes, Hal. z. j. v. 365. 23 (1831). vitripennis, Stg. 
 trochanteratus, Ztt. Fcem. fuscipes, Hal. Obscure anew, hypostomate 
 candido, antennis nigris basi subtus lutescentibus, pedibus fuscis, trochan- 
 teribus tibiisque flamdis, tibiis posticis apice nigris ; Mas. tibiis posticis 
 incrassatis,femoribus posticis pallido-ciliatis. Long. 1|-; alar. 3^- lin. 
 
 Dull br assy -brown ', front sometimes greenish. Face silvery-white. 
 Antenna black ; lower edge of the Jirst joint ochre-brown, more largely 
 at the tip. Wings hyaline, darker in the female ; black costal swelling 
 in male reduced almost to a dot. Coxa and femora dusky ; the tip of 
 fore coxa?, and a line down the middle of the hind femora, sometimes 
 paler ; trochanters, tibia, and anterior metatarsi pale ochre, tip of the 
 latter and of the hind tibia, and the rest of the tarsi black. In the male, 
 the hind tibia are thick, especially about the middle, with a denuded 
 and slightly impressed streak behind, the black extending over more 
 than half their length ; the hind femora fringed with pale bristles. 
 
 Not rare on the sea-coast. (E. S. I.) 
 
 30. punctum, Mg. zw. iv. 85. 19 (1824); Stn.; m.signifer, 
 Hal. Chalybeus, hypostomate candido, antennis nigris puncto infero 
 lutescente, pedibus fuscis trochanteribus genubus tibiisque flavidis, tibiis 
 posticis apice nigris, alls hyalinis macula apicali nigricante, femoribus 
 posticis nigro-ciliatis, Mas. Long. 1-|- ; alar. 3^ lin. 
 
 Steel-blue, or brassy-green. Face silvery- white. Antenna black, 
 with a tawny yellow spot beneath at the tip of the third joint. Wings 
 hyaline with a blackish spot occupying the tip, the costal swelling scarcely 
 marked. Coxa and fore femora dusky, the latter yellowish at the tip ; 
 posterior femora tawny yellow, with the upper edge almost entirely, the 
 lower at the base, dusky ; hind femora fringed with long blackish hairs; 
 trochanters, tibia, and anterior metatarsi, tawny yellow ; the tip of the 
 
168 DOLICHOPID^E. 
 
 latter, and of the hind tibiae (to nearly the half length), and the rest of 
 the tarsi, black. Female unknown, wings probably immaculate. 
 
 Rare. On a sandy islet off the western coast. In Mr. Hali- 
 day's collection. (I.) 
 
 31. arbustorum, Stn. isis, xxviii. 125. 20 (1831). Viridi-aureus, 
 hypostomate albido, antennis luteis supra apiceque fuscis, pedibus pal- 
 lidis, tarsis nigris, metat arsis anterioribus pallidis ; Mas. femoribus posticis 
 pallido-ciliatis, tarsis imberbibus. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Gilded-green. Front bluish- green. Face yellowish-white, with 
 silvery gloss in the male. Antenna tawny yellow, the upper edge of the 
 first two joints dusky ; the third joint short triangular, rather obtuse, 
 almost entirely dusky. Wings smoky-hyaline, without costal swelling. 
 Legs very pale yellowish, posterior coxae greyish at the base outside ; 
 tarsi blackish, anterior metatarsi pale. In the male, the fore coxae are 
 denuded of black pubescence ; the fore tarsus about half as long again 
 as the tibiae, with no peculiar pubescence ; the hind femora fringed with 
 long pale hairs. 
 
 Eare. In Messrs. Stephens and Walker's collection. 
 
 32. virgultorum, (Hal., MSS.) arbustorum, Ztt. d. s. 551. 42. 
 
 Viridi-aureus, hypostomate albido, antennis luteis apice fuscis, pedibus 
 pallidis, tarsis nigris basi pallidis; Mas. femoribus posticis pallido- 
 ciliatis, tarsorum anticorum articulis intermediis subtiliter hirtis. Long. 
 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Gilded-green. Face yellowish- white, with silvery gloss in the male. 
 Antenna tawny yellow ; third joint triangular, rather longer and more 
 acute than in the preceding, dusky at the tip. Wings smoky-hyaline, 
 without a costal swelling. Legs very pale yellowish ; middle coxae with 
 a greyish spot at the base outside^ tarsi blackish, the metatarsi, and the 
 second joint also of the fore pair, pale. In the male, the fore coxa3 are 
 denuded ; the fore tarsus half as long again as the tibia, the third and 
 fourth joints, with the tip of the second, clothed in front with very short 
 erect pubescence, without any longer hairs; the hind femora fringed with 
 long pale hairs. Extremely like the preceding. 
 Eare. In Mr. Walker's collection. (E.) 
 
 33. trivialis, Hal. z. j. v. 363. 18 (\%Zl).intermedius, Stg. ; 
 Ztt. JEneo-viridis, hypostomate albido, antennis nigris basi subtus 
 luteis, pedibus flavis, tarsis nigris, metatarsis anterioribus flavidis ; Mas. 
 femoribus poslicis pallido-ciliatis, tarsorum anticorum articulis intermediis 
 subtiliter hirtis, alis lineola costali nigra. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 1m. 
 
 Brassy-green. Face yellowish-white. Antenna black, first joint 
 tawny yellow beneath ; third joint in male oblong-ovate, almost as long 
 as the first. Wings smoky-hyaline ; with a black costal swelling in the 
 male. Legs yellow ; fore coxae yellow, sometimes a little dusky at the 
 base, not denuded in the male ; tarsi black, anterior metatarsi yellowish, 
 
DOLICHOPUS. 169 
 
 tipped with black. In the male, tJie hind femora wet fringed with long pale 
 hairs ; the fore tarsus is not much longer than the tibia, the three inter- 
 mediate joints clothed in front with very short erect pubescence, and the 
 first joint has a bristle at the tip. 
 Common. (E. S. I.) 
 
 34. festivals, Hal. z. j. v. 361. 10 (lS3l).Macquarti, Stg.cili- 
 femoratus, Ztt. Var. Mq. ; Stn. Aureo-viridis, hypostomate candido, 
 antennis luteis supra apiceque fuscis, pedibus Jlavis, tibiis posticis apice 
 fuscis, tarsis nigris, metatarsis anterioribus Jlavis, alis vena subapicali 
 obtuse geniculata ; Mas. femoribus posticis pallido-ciliatis, tarsorum anti- 
 corum articulis intermediis hirtis subarcuatis, alis lineola costali nigra. 
 Long. 2-|; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Gilded-green. Front bluish-green. Face silvery-white in male, 
 more dull in female. Antenna tawny yellow, a little dusky on the 
 upper edge, the third joint short, triangular, rather obtuse, and dusky 
 at the tip ; arista rather long, the penultimate joint not more than one- 
 fourth (while in those preceding it is fully half) the length, of the last 
 joint. Wings broad, smoky-hyaline; the bend of the subapical vein 
 strong, but still obtuse-angled ; the black costal swelling in the male 
 short. Legs yellow ; fore coxse yellow, not quite denuded in the male ; 
 hind tibiae brown at the tip, with a slight pale streak in the male ; tarsi 
 black, anterior metatarsi yellow tipped with black. In the male the 
 kind femora are fringed with long pale hairs ; the fore tarsi are not 
 half as long again as the tibia, the three intermediate joints are a little 
 curved, concave in front, and clothed with long erect pubescence, and 
 the first and second have besides a curved bristle at the tip. 
 
 Not uncommon. (E. S. I.) 
 
 Obs. D. cilifemoratus, Mq. ; Stg. nitidus, Stn., has the bend 
 of the snbapical vein rectangular without a branch, the antennae 
 blackish only at the tip, the third joint longer than in D.festivus, 
 and the fore tarsus of the male not bearded. 
 
 35. nitidus, Fin. dol. 12. 9 (1823); Ztt. ornatus, Mg. ; Stn.; 
 Stg. jucundus, Hal. Aureo-viridis, hypostomate candido, antennis 
 luteis supra apiceque nigris, pedibus flams, tibiis posticis apice tarsisque 
 fuscis, his basi pallidis, alis vena subapicali rectangulatim fracta appen- 
 diculata ; Mas. alis lineola costali nigra. Long. 2^ ; alar. 4f lin. 
 
 Gilded-green ; front often bluish-green. Face white, silvery in male. 
 Antenna tawny yellow, the upper edge and the tip blackish ; third joint 
 short triangular. Wings broad, hyaline, darker in female ; the bend 
 of the subapical vein rectangular, with a little branch ; in the male a 
 black costal swelling. Black edge of lamellaB broad, denticulated, the 
 cilia long. Legs and fore coxse yellow, tibiaa and tarsi paler ; anterior 
 tarsi dusky at the tip ; hind tibia with a blackish spot at the tip ; hind 
 tarsi black, the metatarsus pale tipped with black. Very rarely, the 
 female has black antenna, only the lower edge of the first joint a little 
 
 VOL. i. z 
 
170 DOLICHOP1D.E. 
 
 tawny ; still differing from D. griseipennis, fcem., by the colour and 
 more numerous spines of the hind metatarsus. 
 
 Not rare. (E. S. I.) 
 
 06s. D. nitidus, Mg., which came to him from England, is re- 
 ferred by Stannius to his D. nitens, a species which has black 
 antennae with only the underside of the first joint dull yellowish, 
 and entirely black hind tarsi : while it differs from the next by 
 the beardless hind thighs ; and from D. diadema, by the black 
 fringe of the alulae and the yellowish face of the male, as well as 
 by the colour of the antennae. I know none such. 
 
 36. griseipennis, Stn. isis, xxviii. 49. 4 (1831) ; Ztt. nitidus, 
 Hal. ; Stg. Obscure ceneus, hypostomate albido, antennis nigris basi 
 subtus luteis, pedibus flavis, tarsis nigris, metatarsis anterioribus Jlavis, 
 alis vena subapicali rectangulatim fracta appendiculata ; Mas. femoribus 
 posticis nigro-ciliatis, alis lineola costali nigra. Long. 2i; alar. 4f lin. 
 
 Brassy-green, with little shine. Face yellowish-white. Antennae 
 black, underside of the first joint tawny yellow, third joint rather acute, 
 and in the male oblong. Thorax with coppery stripes more marked 
 than usual. Wings rather broad, dark greyish-hyaline ; bend of sub- 
 apical vein rectangular, with a little branch ; a black costal swelling in 
 male. Black edge of lamellae narrow; ciliated, jagged at the tip. 
 Legs rather dark yellow ; fore coxae yellow with the base dusky, glossed 
 with white in male ; hind tibia black at the tip, in the male at least ; 
 tarsi black, anterior metatarsi yellowish tipped with black. Hind fe- 
 mora in male fringed with black hairs. 
 
 Common in wet places. (E. S. I.) 
 
 37. diadema, Hal. z. j. v. 361. 11 (1831). fraternus, Stg. 
 Stannii, Ztt. bifurcalus, Mq.? Obscure anew, thorace olivaceo, hyposto- 
 mate elongato argenteo, antennis nigris, pedibus Jlavidis, tarsis nigris, 
 metatarsis anterioribus Jlavidis, alis vena subapicali rectangulatim fracta 
 appendiculata ; Mas. tibiis posticis nigricantibus, alulis pallido-ciliatis, 
 alis lineola costali nigra. Long. 2^; alar. 4-| lin. 
 
 Dark brassy, scarcely shining. Face silvery -white, projecting down- 
 wards over the mouth, especially in the male, but not very narrow. 
 Palpi pale at the tip. Antennae black ; third joint short oval, rather 
 pointed; arista naked. Thorax above blackish-ofa. Wings dark 
 hyaline ; bend of subapical vein rectangular with a little branch ; trans- 
 verse discal vein distant from the margin by its own length ; black 
 costal swelling short in male. Fringe of alula pale in male. Lamellae 
 obliquely truncated at the tip, with a narrow black edge, scantily 
 ciliated, except at the jagged outer angle. Legs brownish-yellow ; fore 
 coxae yellowish glossed with white, dusky at the base ; tarsi black ; an- 
 terior metatarsi yellow tipped with black, the hind one a little yellowish 
 at the base in the female ; fore tarsus not longer than tibta. In the 
 male, the fore coxae are partly denuded, the femora dusky at the base 
 
DOLICHOPUS. 171 
 
 beneath, with the pubescence white, the hind tibia blackish except the 
 base. Rarely, the male, with immaculate femora, has merely a blackish 
 stripe down the back of the hind tibia ; were this also effaced, Mac- 
 quart's description would apply, so far as it goes, but he does not 
 notice the rectangular vein in this case. 
 
 Common on the surface of pools overgrown with water-plants. 
 (E. S. I.) 
 
 38. latipennis, Fin. dol. 8. 1 (1823); Mg. ; Stn. ; Mq. ; Stg. ; 
 Ztt. Nigro-aneus, f route cyanea, hypostomate elongato argenteo, antennis 
 capite longioribus atris, pedibus flavis, tarsis nigris basi /avis, femoribus 
 posterioribus pluri-spinosis ; Mas. alis rotundato-dilatatis, stigmate cos- 
 tali atro. Long. 2^ ; alar. 4-f lin. 
 
 Brassy -black, or olive. Front shining steel-blue. Face elongated, 
 silvery -white, in the female duller. Palpi pale silvered. Antenna; 
 black, elongated, in the male much longer than the head is broad ; the 
 first and second joints of equal length, oblong, the first very hairy 
 above in the male ; the third joint shorter, especially in the female, 
 oval, the tip ascending in a point ; arista rather thick. Wings short, 
 hyaline, the bend of subapical vein obtuse-angled ; in the male very 
 broad rounded, the discal areolet long, the transverse vein distant from 
 the margin by scarcely its own length, the black costal swelling very 
 thick. Legs and fore coxae yellow ; tarsi black ; metatarsi yellow tipped 
 with black ; fore tarsus not longer than tibia ; from three to Jive spines 
 on the hind femora, not so many on the middle pair. In the male the 
 fore coxse and the femora are glossed with white, and nearly denuded 
 of pubescence. 
 
 Rare, on the sea-coasts. (E. I.) 
 
 Obs. The number of spines on the hind metatarsus may afford 
 some specific characters, being pretty constant in each species, 
 except that there are sometimes more in the male than in the 
 female. Counting only those in the uppermost row, we find them 
 
 many in Sp. 1 m., 2. 
 
 four in Sp. 15 m., 19 m., (10, 34 m.) 
 
 three in Sp. 1 f., 4 m., 7, 8 m., 9 m., 10 m., 11 m., 12, 15 f., 17 m., 
 20, 21, 28, 33 m., 34. 
 
 two in Sp. 8 f., 9 f., 10 f., 13 m., 14, 16, 17 f., 18, 22, 23, 24 m., 
 25, 26, 27 m., 31, 32 m., 33 f., 35, 37, 38 m., (1 f., 34 f.) 
 
 one in Sp. 29, 30 m., 36. 
 
 Obs. There are three species introduced into the British lists, 
 yet unnoticed, which may probably belong to this section, viz., 
 D. relictus, Mg., a doubtful species, unknown to Stannius, and 
 given as British without grounds ; and D. rusticus, Mg., which 
 may perhaps be the female D. atripes, as it does not seem to 
 agree with the species described by Stannius as D. rusticus, in 
 
172 DOLICHOPIDJE. 
 
 the following section. Lastly, D. azureus, Mq., a species pro- 
 bably allied to D. nitidus, if distinct. 
 
 Section A A. Hind metatarsus unarmed. 
 
 First come the species (39-46) with the cilia of the lower 
 orbit pale ; the first joint of the hind tarsus (spineless except 
 beneath) not much shorter than the second ; the lamellee of the 
 male broad, generally dusky, and fringed at the tip. 
 
 Stannius has made a peculiar genus of those (sp. 39-42) which 
 have the face elongateid, descending in front of the proboscis 
 lower than the eyes. In these the arista is glabrous, slender, 
 curved only at the thickened base, the penultimate joint far 
 shorter than the last ; the four exterior joints of the fore tarsus 
 compressed, and together not longer than the metatarsus, in the 
 males dilated, and often feathered above ; the femora rather hairy 
 beneath, the posterior, or at least the hind pair, with several 
 spines in front ; the subapical vein oblique, ending some distance 
 before the tip of the wing, and approaching very close to the 
 cubital ; its slight flexure and the discal transverse vein usually 
 shaded with brown ; the alulae fringed with black hairs and pale 
 pubescence. The colours also are rather peculiar ; the thorax 
 being coated above, especially in front, with a yellowish dust, 
 composed of round, flat, microscopic scales ; the abdomen che- 
 quered with a changeable hoary gloss, the dorsal stripe and the 
 incisures being blackish. 
 
 39. insignis, Stn. isis, xxviii. 270. 3 (1831); Stg.; Ztt. 
 cens, thorace opaco flavido-cinereo, antennis nigris, articulo primo luteo, 
 femoribus apice, tibiis, metatarsis anticis tarsisque posterioribus flavis, 
 geniculis Tiorum nigris, femoribus posticis pluri-spinosis, alis hyalinis ; 
 Mas. metatarso antico articulis reliquis atris pennatis sesquilongiore, 
 hypostomate ochraceo ; Teem, hypostomate albo. Long. 2 ; alar. 4-i lin. 
 
 Greenish-brassy. Front with an ochreous tinge. Face ochre-yellow 
 in male, yellowish-white in female. Antennce black, first joint tawny 
 yelloio, third somewhat ovate. Thorax opake, greenish-grey, with 
 coppery streaks and ochreous dust. Wings hyaline; in the female 
 darker, with the transverse vein and a dot faintly brownish ; the latter 
 about the middle of the subapical vein ; the transverse vein undulated. 
 Abdomen chequered. Lamella? dusky, rather oblong-obovate, with 
 long cilia ; internal appendages prominent, forceps narrow triangular ; 
 outer lobe of aculeus short and broad. Legs long and slender ; coxse 
 and base of femora blackish-green with a hoary shade ; the tip of the 
 femora largely (the middle pair almost entirely), the tibia, posterior tarsi 
 and fore metatarsus, light yellowish; the tips of the tibiae and joints of 
 
DOLICHOPITS. 173 
 
 the tarsi, and the exterior joints of the fore tarsus entirely, blackish ; 
 the femora with long hair, the middle pair with a single spine in front, 
 the hind pair 4-6. In the male the fore metatarsus is glossed with 
 white, very slender, dilated at the tip, nearly twice as long as the suc- 
 ceeding joints together; these deep black, dilated, strongly feathered 
 above with black, the tip of the last with white, hairs. 
 On sandy coasts. (E. I.) 
 
 40. ammobates. plumipes,~$\\\. dol. 14. 13 (1823) ; Stn.; Stg. ; 
 Ztt. Obscure cenescens, thorace ferruginoso, an tennis nigris, articulo 
 primo subtus luteo, femoribus apice, tibiis et metatarsis Jlavo-ferrugineis, 
 femoribus posticis pluri-spinosis, alis vena transversa punctoque fuscis ; 
 Mas. tarsi antici articulis exterioribus atris pennatis, hypostomate ar- 
 genteo ; Fcem. hypostomate cano. Long. 2 ; alar. 4-i- lin. 
 
 Dark brassy. Face silvery-white in male, dull whitish in female. 
 Antenna black ; Jirst joint tawny yellow, blackish on the upper edge ; 
 third rather ovate. Thorax dusted with ferruginous. Wings dark 
 hyaline ; the slightly curved discal transverse vein shaded with brown, 
 and a brownish dot on the flexure which lies beyond the middle of the 
 subapical vein. Abdomen chequered. Lamella dusky, rather oblong, 
 the cilia long ; forceps prominent. Coxse and femora greenish-black 
 with hoary gloss ; femora at the tip, the middle pair to the half-length, 
 ferruginous-yellow ; tibiae and metatarsi the same, tipped with black ; 
 femora with long hairs, middle pair with 1 or 2 spines in front, the 
 hind pair 46. In the male the fore metatarsus is a little longer than 
 the following joints together ; these deep black, feathered above. 
 
 Inhabits sandy shores of the sea and lakes (in Sweden and 
 Germany). As it is very likely it may occur in these islands, 
 though not hitherto precisely distinguished from the allied species, 
 I do not venture to expunge it from the British lists. 
 
 06s. Since it has become necessary to change the original 
 trivial name, being preoccupied (see sp. 16), I have chosen to 
 substitute the name used by Stannius as generic, which cannot 
 be retained in that application, as it is preoccupied in Hymeno- 
 ptera. Should the group be still thought to claim generic rank, 
 the name Tachytrechus, applied to it by Stannius elsewhere 
 (ib. 261), might be restored instead. 
 
 41. consobrinus, (Ct. Guide). jofa^s, Mg.zw.iv.87.22(1824); 
 Mq. ; Hal. e. m. Obscure cenescens, thorace ferruginoso, antennis lu- 
 teis, articulo tertio nigro, femoribus apice, metatarsis anterioribus tibiisque 
 
 flavo-ferrugineis, femoribus posterioribus pluri-spinosis, alis vena trans- 
 versa punctoque fuscis, lineola costali atra prope basim ; Mas. tibia 
 antica mutica, tarsi antici articulis exterioribus latissimis atris antice 
 argentatis, hypostomate argenteo ; Fcem. hypostomate griseo. Long. 2i ; 
 alar. 4^ lin. 
 
174 
 
 Blackish-brassy. Face silvery-white in male, yellowish-grey in female. 
 Antenna with the first two joints tawny yellow, the third black ; this 
 short, as also the penultimate joint of the arista. Thorax above dusted 
 with ferruginous. Wings dark hyaline ; costal vein near the base with 
 a black swelling, not reaching to the junction of the subcostal ; discal 
 transverse vein very faintly curved, shaded with brown, oblique in the 
 male ; a brownish dot on the flexure which lies before the middle of 
 the subapical vein. Abdomen chequered. Lamellse dusky, broad and 
 rounded at the end ; forceps nearly hidden by the obtuse dilated edge 
 of hypopygium ; aculeus as it were bifid, the outer lobe being nearly 
 as long as the internal spine-shaped one, slender, the tip pointed and 
 slightly incurved, outside before this a recurved spine-shaped tooth, 
 and between the two a small obtuse one. Coxae and femora olive- 
 black, with hoary gloss ; femora ferruginous at the tip, the middle pair 
 to the half-length ; these with 3 or 4 spines in front, the hind pair 4 or 
 5 ; tibia and anterior metatarsi ferruginous, tipped with black, hind 
 tibiae with a dusky spot at the base. In the male the fore tibia is des- 
 titute of spines, and glossed with white as well as the metatarsus, which 
 is as long as the succeeding joints together ; these are much dilated (the 
 third and fourth broader than long), deep black, silvered in front, fringed 
 above with black, the tip of the last with white, hairs. 
 
 On moory uplands of Wicklow. In Mr. Holiday's collec- 
 tion. (I.) 
 
 42. notatus, Stn. isis, xxviii. 269. 2 (1831); Ztg.; Stt. plu~ 
 mipes, Hal. z. j. litoreus, Hal. e. m. Obscure anescens, thorace ferru- 
 ginoso, antennis basi subtus, genubus, tibiis et metatarsis anterioribus basi, 
 tibiisque posticis medio ferrugineis, femoribus posterioribus pluri-spi- 
 nosis, alis vena transversa punctoque fuscis, lineola costali atra prope 
 basim ; Mas. tarsi antici articulo ultimo antice argentato, hypostomate ar- 
 genteo; Fcem. hypostomate cano. Long. 2^ ; alar. 4^ lin. 
 
 Blackish-brassy. Face silvery-white in male, dull white in female. Cilia 
 of the lower orbit whitish (yellow in the allied species). Antenna 
 black, the lower edge of tJie Jirst joint and base of second reddish-ferru- 
 ginous ; the third joint short, as is the penultimate. Thorax above 
 dusted with ferruginous. Wings dark hyaline; costal vein near the base 
 with a black swelling, not reaching to the junction of the subcostal ; 
 discal transverse vein straight and perpendicular, shaded with brown, 
 a brownish dot on. the flexure which lies before the middle of the sub- 
 apical vein. Abdomen chequered. Lamella? dusky, broad, rounded 
 at the end ; forceps nearly hidden ; aculeus as it were bifid, the outer 
 lobe being nearly as long as the inner one, broad, compressed, notched 
 at the tip, with the inner tooth acute incurved, the outer broad 
 rounded, outside before this a recurved spine-shaped tooth. Coxaa 
 and femora olive-black, a little hoary ; tips of anterior femora (a mere 
 dot on the hind pair) and basal half of the tibia and anterior metatarsi 
 reddish-ferruginous, the base of the hind tibia again blackish ; the middle 
 
DOLICIIOPUS. 175 
 
 femora with 3 or 4 spines in front, the hind pair with 4 or 5. In the 
 male, the spines of the fore tibia are slighter, the first joint of the fore 
 tarsus gradually dilated to the tip, the following joints somewhat di- 
 lated, the last joint silvered in front. 
 
 Among sedges on the shores of estuaries and lakes. (E. S. I.) 
 Obs. I), alpine, Mg., which Stannius conjectures to belong to 
 this group, the wings being marked in the same way, remains 
 problematical, perhaps not of this genus. 
 
 In those which follow (species 43-46) the face is shorter, 
 scarcely extending as low as the eyes, mostly yellowish- white with 
 silvery gloss in the male, dull whitish in the female ; the thorax 
 in front has a shifting hoary gloss with darker stripes ; the inci- 
 sures of the abdomen are not blackened ; the subapical vein con- 
 verges less strongly towards the cubital (sometimes they are almost 
 parallel) ; the fringe of the alulse is usually black ; the posterior 
 femora have a single spine in front ; the first joint of the hind 
 tarsus is barely shorter than the second, sometimes even becoming 
 the longest (D. Saklbergi, Ztt.). 
 
 43. nobilitatus, L. s. n. i. 995. 98 (1767); Fb. ; Esi.; Shr.; 
 Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Stn. ; Stg. ; Ztt. Mas. ciliatus, Mir. cupreus, 
 Gf.joco, Hrs. ! Shf. ic. pi. 206. fig. 5 ! Fcem. sericeus, Gf.ludi- 
 crus, Hrs. ! -plumicornis, Mg. ; Mq. Aureo-viridis, antennis nigris, 
 arista villosula, pedibus flams, tibiis posticis apice tarsisque nigris, meta- 
 tarsis anterioribus flavidis ; Mas. lamellis trigonis acuminatis fuscis, 
 alis ante apicem album nigris; Fcem. alis versus apicem infuscatis. 
 Long. 2^; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Gilded-green, sometimes coppery-red. Antenna black, arista with 
 the last joint long, very pubescent. Wings narrowed towards the base, 
 the anal edge being sloped away without any approach to an angle ; 
 hyaline ; brownish in the outer half, in female ; blackish in male, more 
 deeply so at the fore edge, the glabrous tip forming a defined white 
 spot ; the anterior veins are waved within the black patch. Lamella 
 large, triangular, brownish-black, paler towards the base, the apical 
 margin strongly pectinated and ciliated, the outer angle acutely elon- 
 gated. Legs and fore coxae yellow, the tip of the kind tibia and the tarsi 
 black, anterior metatarsi yellowish, tipped with black ; the middle femora 
 have a spine near the tip behind, as well as one (rarely two) in front. 
 
 Among water-plants, about large ponds. (E. S. I.) 
 
 44. gracilis, Stn. isis, xxviii. 255. 44 (1831). Prasinus, antennis 
 nigris, arista nuda, pedibus pallide flavis, tarsis apice nigris, alulis 
 pallido-ciliatis ; Mas. lamellis albidis. Long. 2; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Bright grass-green. Antenna black, arista nearly naked. Wings 
 nearly hyaline, with a slight black costal swelling in male. Fringe of 
 alula pale. Abdomen gilded. Lamella obtuse, dingy white with a 
 
176 DOLICHOPID^E. 
 
 narrow black edge. Legs pale yellow \ posterior coxae grey at the base, 
 fore pair nearly denuded, glossed with white in male. Anterior tarsi 
 dusky towards the tip ; hind pair blackish, the metatarsus yellow except 
 the tip ; hind tibiae sometimes with a dusky spot at the tip ; the middle 
 femora have a small spine behind also. 
 
 Found near Thetford, in Norfolk. In Mr. Curtis's collec- 
 tion. (E.) 
 
 44*. germanus, Wd. z. m. ii. 71. 17 (1818) ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; 
 Stn. ; Stg. ; Ztt. Firidi-aneus, antennis nigris, arista nuda, pedibus 
 luteis, tibiis postids apice tarsisque nigris, metatarsis anterioribus luteis 
 alisfuscis; Mas. lamellis nigris. Long. 1^-2; alar. 3-4 lin. 
 
 Brassy-green. Antenna black, arista nearly naked. Wings sooty- 
 brown, darker along the fore edge. Lamella small, obtuse triangular, 
 blackish, slightly ciliated. Legs nnd fore coxae tawny yellow ; hind tibia 
 at the tip, rather largely, and tarsi black ; anterior metatarsi yellow 
 tipped with black. 
 
 Eare. (E.) 
 
 45. nigriplantis, Stn. isis, xxviii. 250.39(1831); Ztt. Obscure 
 viridi-aneus, antennis nigris, arista nuda, femoribus apice, tarsis anteri- 
 oribus basi tibiisgue Jlavis, alis antice infuscatis ; Mas. lamellis fuscis, 
 tarsi intermedii articulo ultimo atro ciliato. Long. 2i ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Dark brassy-green. Antenna black ; arista nearly naked, the penulti- 
 mate joint little shorter than the last in male. Wings hyaline, dusky 
 along the fore edge; the cubital and subapical veins a little sinuated. 
 Lamella somewhat rounded, dusky, edge blackish. Coxse and femora 
 olive-black ; trochanters ferruginous ; tips of femora and the tibia yellow ; 
 hind tibiae blackish at the tip ; fore tarsi yellow, dusky towards the tip ; 
 middle tarsi blackish, with the metatarsus yellowish tipped with black, the 
 last joint in the male a little dilated and ciliated, deep black, the onychia 
 appearing as a white tip ; hind tarsi black, the first and second joints 
 nearly equal in length. 
 
 Eare. In Mr. Clifton's collection. (E.) 
 
 Obs. D. mgrimaculatus, Mq. (Ct. Guide, 1258. 2), is doubt- 
 less a misprint for D. nigrilamellatus, Mq. (Brassy- green, an- 
 tennae black, arista naked, legs black or piceous, wings smoky- 
 hyaline ; male with black lamella. Length 2| lines.) 
 
 Obs. D. chalybews, Wd. (Blackish-green, front and thorax 
 steel-blue, antennas black, first joint tawny yellow beneath, arista 
 very pubescent, legs yellow, tip of hind femora, hind tibise ex- 
 cept the base, and tarsi black, anterior metatarsi yellow, wings 
 blackish, the cubital and subapical veins nearly parallel ; male 
 with yellowish lamellae edged with black. Length 2 lines), has 
 been admitted into the British lists, perhaps by mistake for D. 
 chalybeus, Mg., which is treated as a variety of species 9, in the 
 first section. 
 
; 
 
 DOLICHOPUS. 177 
 
 46. nigripennis, Fin. dol. 15. 16 (1823); Mg.; Mq. ; Stn.; 
 Hal. ; Stg. ; Ztt. Atro-mrens, hypostomate flavescente, proboscide elon- 
 gata, genubus tibiisque anterioribus ferrugineis, alls nigricantibus, vena 
 subapicali ala apicem attingente ; Mas. lamellis nigris. Long. 1^; 
 alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Metallic blackish-green. Face straw-colour in male, more grey in 
 female. Antennae black, long; third joint oblong in male; arista 
 nearly naked, penultimate joint half as long as last in male. Proboscis 
 half as long as the head in female, not so long in male ; palpi oblong, 
 black. Things sooty-brown, darker at the fore edge; cubital nearly 
 parallel with subapical vein, which runs almost straight to the tip of the 
 wing. Lamellae short, obtuse triangular, pubescent, black-brown. Legs 
 pitchy-black; anterior tibia, with the tip of the femora, ferruginous. 
 
 Common. (E. S. 1.) 
 
 The remaining species, with the cilia of the lower orbit black, 
 are mostly small, and have the hind metatarsus short, seldom 
 much more than half the length of the next joint ; the antennae, 
 and usually the palpi, are black ; the subapical and cubital veins 
 parallel, or but slightly converging, the former nearly straight ; 
 the alulae fringed with black. In those (species 47-49) which 
 have the lamellae of the male broad (as hitherto) the disc of the 
 scutellum is somewhat pubescent. Northern Europe produces 
 many of this character ; some of which have probably been over- 
 looked among us, the distinctive marks being very fine. 
 
 47. cupreus, Fin. dol. 15. 15 (1823); Mg.; Mq.; Stn.; Stg.; 
 Ztt. Obscure ceneus, hypostomate albido, pedibus nigris,femoribus apice 
 tibiis et metatarsis flamdis, alis fuscanis ; Mas. lamellis nigris, tibiis in- 
 termediis incrassatis, alis vena costali subincrassata. Long. 1|- ; alar. 
 4 lin. 
 
 Dark brassy. Front dull greyish-yellow. Face yellowish-white. 
 Arista finely pubescent, the penultimate joint short. Wings brownish ; 
 discal transverse vein waved ; costal vein rather thicker in the male, 
 from the end of the subcostal. Lamella dusky black. Legs dusky 
 black ; trochanters, femora at the tip, metatarsi except the tip, and tibiae 
 yellowish ; hind metatarsus not much shorter than the next joint. In 
 the male, the middle tibia is thickened, towards the tip curved, and 
 armed inside with a few short spines. 
 
 Not rare. (E. S. I.) 
 
 48. celer, Mg. zw. iv. 84. 18 (1824); Mq.; Stn.; Stg.; Ztt. 
 sarus, Hal. Obscure viridi-ceneus, hypostomate cano, arista villosula, 
 femoribus tibiis et metatarsis flams ; Mas. lamellis flamdis, alis lineola 
 costali atra prope basim. Long. 1-^ ; alar. 3i lin. 
 
 Dark brassy-green. Front yellowish-grey. Face dull whitish. An- 
 tenna3 short ; arista very pubescent, the first joint very short. Wings 
 
 VOL. I. 2 A 
 
178 DOLICHOPIDJ5. 
 
 long and rather narrow, light brownish; the subapical and cubital 
 veins nearly parallel ; tJie costal vein in male with a black swelling near 
 the base, not reaching to the junction of the subcostal. Lamellae dingy 
 yellowish ; arms of forceps slender, the tip incurved and spatulate. Legs 
 yellow ; coxae dusky ; tarsi dusky, metatarsi yellow with dusky tip ; hind 
 metatarsus not much shorter than the next joint ; the fore tibia?, be- 
 sides the two or three small spines in the upper half, are very minutely 
 pectinated, in front, along the outer edge, in the last two-thirds of 
 their length. 
 
 Not rare. (E. S. I.) 
 
 49. serosus, Fin. dol. 15. 17 (1823); Mg.; Mq. ; Stn. ; Hal.; 
 Stg. ; Ztt. Obscure viridis, pedibus flams, femoribus posticis supra et 
 tarsorum articulis exterioribus fuscis, alls subhyalinis, venis cubitali et 
 subapicali parallelis ; Mas. lamellis et hypostomate nigris ; Fcem. hypo- 
 stomate cano. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Dark metallic-green. Front yellowish-grey. Face in male narrow, 
 black, greyish at the mouth ; in female dull grey. Arista very finely 
 pubescent ; penultimate joint more than half the length of the last, in 
 male. Wings rather long, dark hyaline, the subapical and cubital veins 
 nearly parallel. Lamellae dusky-black ; arms of forceps very slender, 
 subulate, with the tip incurved. Legs yellow ; coxa? dusky, fore pair 
 paler at the tip ; tarsi dusky, fore pair paler, metatarsi yellow ; the hind 
 femora, sometimes also the fore pair, brownish on the upper edge ; the 
 fore tibia more faintly pectinated than in the preceding. 
 
 Common in shady places. (E. S. I.) 
 
 ' In the rest, the lamellae are attenuated ; the inner appendages 
 lengthened, sometimes fringed at the tip with long pale hairs ; 
 the arista is nearly naked, the penultimate joint long in the 
 males at least; the subapical vein nearly straight, converging 
 slightly to tbe cubital ; the hind metatarsus not much more than 
 half the length of the following joint ; the disc of the scutellum 
 is naked in general, but D. nanus prepares the transition to those 
 last preceding. It might, perhaps, be better to place them with 
 Sybistroma, as Stager has done, I have followed Zetterstedt in 
 limiting that group to the species with tbe hypopygium of the 
 male light-coloured, and the cilia of the lower orbit whitish. 
 
 50. nanus, Mq. emp. 66. 15 (1827). minimus, Ztt. Obscure 
 viridi-aeneus, hypostomate albido, pedibus flams, femoribus tibiisque pos- 
 ticis apice, tarsisque fuscis, metatarsis anterioribus flafois ; Mas. lamellis 
 oblongisflavidis. Long. 1^ lin. 
 
 Dark brassy-green. Front a little hoary. Face silvery-white and 
 very narrow in male, yellowish-white in female. Scutellum very faintly 
 pubescent on the disc. Wings dark hyaline. Lamellae dingy yellow, 
 oblong. Legs yellow ; posterior coxre dark grey ; a spot at the tip of 
 
ORTHOCHILE. 179 
 
 hind femora, tip of hind tibia more largely, and the hind tarsi entirely, 
 blackish-brown ; anterior metatarsi yellowish. 
 
 Bare. In Messrs. Dale's and Walker's collections. (E.) 
 
 51. parvilamellatus, Mq. emp. 66. 16 (1827). Atro-virens, 
 tibiis et tarsorum basi flavidis ; Mas. lamellis linearibus jlavidis, hy- 
 postomate fusco-Jiavescente ; Fcem. hypostomate cano. Long, li ; alar. 
 
 3 lin. 
 
 Blackish-green. Front with an ochreous shade. Face in male dusky, 
 with dull ochreous gloss ; in female hoary. Antenna? long, third joint 
 obtuse or truncated ; arista almost glabrous, penultimate joint as long as 
 the last in male, half as long in female. Wings dark hyaline. Lamella 
 dingy yellow, pubescent, nearly linear, with a tooth at the outer apical 
 angle. Coxae and femora black -brown; trochanters and tip of an- 
 terior femora, and the tibiae yellowish ; tarsi dusky, anterior metatarsi 
 (or more) and base of the hind one (more obscurely) yellowish. 
 
 Not uncommon. (E.) 
 
 52. alutifer, (Hal. MSS.) jEneo-mridis, capite albido, pedibus 
 flavis, tarsis apice posticis totis fuscis ; Mas. lamellis linearibus Jlavidis, 
 
 tarsi antici articulis binis primis elongatis, reliquis compressis atris, ultimo 
 apice albo. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Bright metallic-green. Front whitish. Face silvery-white in male, 
 dull white in female. Palpi ferruginous. Antenna? short, black, third 
 joint triangular. Wings dark hyaline; subapical and cubital veins 
 converging. Hypopygium closely applied to the belly, so that the 
 appendages are scarcely visible ; lamella nearly linear, ferruginous. 
 Legs long and slender, yellow ; middle coxa? grey at the base ; tarsi 
 and tip of hind tibia dusky ; first two joints of the fore tarsus and the 
 middle metatarsus yellow. In the male, those two joints are each nearly 
 half as long as the tibia; the following joints together not longer than 
 one of them, compressed, the third and fourth feathered above, deep 
 black, the last white with black base. Allied to Syb. crinipes, Stg. 
 (D. pectinifer, Zlr.), and to D. crinicauda, Ztt. 
 
 Found near Harrietsham, in Kent. In Mr. Stephens' s collec- 
 tion. (E.) 
 
 Genus IV. ORTHOCHILE. 
 
 ORTHOCHILE, LI. gen. iv. 289 (1809); Mg.; Mq. ; Stg.; Lw. 
 
 Antenna articulo tertio apice attenuato, arista dorsali subsinuata. Pro- 
 boscis capite longior, acuminata. Hypopygium marts extricatum, la- 
 mellis geminis externis patulis. 
 
 Eyes separated, very faintly pubescent ; face nearly of equal breadth 
 in both sexes ; cilia of the lower orbit whitish. Proboscis longer than 
 the Jiead, extending downwards as far as the end of the fore coxae, 
 
180 DOLICHOPID.E. 
 
 tapering to a point ; pnlpi a little shorter, oblong, not pointed. An- 
 tenna not as long as the head is broad, with third joint tapering, some- 
 what ovate ; the arista on its upper edge, about the middle, nearly 
 naked, the penultimate joint curved, scarcely half as long as the last, 
 still snorter in the female. Scutellum naked on the disc. Wings in 
 all the species sooty-brown ; the discal transverse vein distant from 
 the hind margin by more than its own length ; the subapical vein 
 nearly straight, converging towards the cubital, and ending a little 
 before the tip of the wing. Alulae with black fringe. Abdomen 
 conical, somewhat compressed behind ; sixth segment in male exserted, 
 short, glossy-tomentose, without bristles. Hypopygium of male free, 
 large, compressed, blackish, with a pair of somewhat dilated, lanceo- 
 late, movable lamella, the other appendages fixed. Posterior femora 
 with a single spine in front near the tip ; spines of the tibiae not 
 numerous, scarcely any on the sides of the fore pair ; hind metatarsus 
 not spined, but little shorter than the next joint. In the male the 
 tarsi are sometimes partially dilated. The affinity of this genus is very 
 close with the Dolichopi of the second section which have the cilia of 
 the lower orbit pale. D. nigripennis, with its elongated proboscis, 
 forms the link between them. 
 
 Of the three European species which Loew has distinguished, 
 only one has occurred in the British Islands. 
 
 1. nigrocserulea, LI. gen. iv. 289 (1809); Mg. ; Lw. (nigro- 
 carulescens'), Stg. Atro-virens, tibiis anterioribus, posticarum basi, meta- 
 tarsisque anticis Jlavidis, tarsis simplicibus. Long. 1-g- ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Metallic blackish-green. Face and palpi glossed with grey, more 
 yellowish-grey in male. Lamellae brown, blackish at the, tip ; which 
 is attenuated, slightly denticulated and ciliated ; forceps prominent, the 
 arms dilated at the tip, and truncated. Coxse and femora olive-black ; 
 the tip of the femora, the trochanters and tibiae, in the anterior pairs, 
 yellow-ferruginous ; fore metatarsus the same, tipped with black ; the 
 hind tibia ferruginous from the base to about the middle; the tarsi simple 
 in both sexes. 
 
 Bare. (E.) 
 
 Genus V. HYDROPHORUS. 
 
 HYDROPHORUS, Wlbg. act. holm, consp. 1844; p. Fin.; Ztt. Mede- 
 terus p., Mg. ; Mq. ; Ct. ; Hal. Dolichopus p., LI. ; Fb. ; Lhm. 
 Musca p., L. ; Spl. ; Fb. ; Gm. ; Esi. ; Dnvn. 
 
 Antenna articulo tertio brevi, arista dorsali deflexa. Oculi pubescentes, 
 distantes. Vena transversa margini proxima. Femora et tibia spinu- 
 losa. Hypopygium maris immersum, lamella inftexa subbiloba. 
 Eyes pubescent, distant in both sexes. Face bisected by a transverse 
 
 line, the upper face longitudinally furrowed, the lower with a tubercle 
 
HYDROPHOKUS. 181 
 
 above at each side, and ending below in an obtuse angle. Lower 
 orbit sometimes enlarged into cheeks (sp. 7, 8). Supercilia black 
 spines ; lower occiput bearded with pale hairs. Proboscis, with the 
 palpi, moderately prominent. Antenna generally shorter than the head, 
 with the first joint naked ; the second shortest, verticillate ; the third 
 joint scarcely longer than broad, the thickened base separated from the 
 compressed rounded tip by a line inside descending from the insertion 
 of the arista and ending with a tooth below; arista dorsal, nearly 
 naked, the last joint deflected, making an angle with the penultimate, 
 which is about as long as the third joint (except sp. 1, 2). Scutellum 
 usually with two bristles at each side ; (except sp. 1, 10.) Prosternum 
 with a spine at each side, or a bristle stronger than in Dolichopus, 
 sometimes with more than one (sp. 3, 10). Metathoracic epimera much 
 dilated, extending to the base of the second segment of the ab- 
 domen. Things longer than the body, oblong ; with the discal trans- 
 verse vein very close to the hind margin, seldom distant by near its own 
 length. Alulae fringed with fine pale hairs. Halteres usually pale, 
 sometimes with a dusky spot at the end. Abdomen in general not 
 longer than the thorax, depressed, finely pubescent, with the incisures 
 not ciliated ; five segments, the first not shorter than the following ; 
 the foveolae of the inflected lateral margins very conspicuous. In tJie 
 male the abdomen is a little compressed behind, with the fourth ventral 
 segment prominent ; tJie hypopygium for the most part imbedded, with a 
 single inflected appendage beneath (not always visible), composed as if 
 of two lamella united by the hind edge to form a keeled vessel (except 
 sp. 1, 3). Fore legs short ; the coxa but little compressed, very freely 
 articulated, little shorter than the femora, which are swelled towards 
 the base, and form with the curved tibia a strong pincer, tKe spines of 
 the contiguous edges interlacing ; the posterior legs long and slender, 
 the coxae usually unarmed, the femora and tibia armed with short scat- 
 tered spines, the hind metatarsus unarmed, little longer than the second 
 joint ; (except sp. 1, 2.) 
 
 The species of this genus, as the name imports, live mostly on 
 the surface of the water, of ponds and lakes, or even of the sea. 
 Some of them have been found on pools frozen over in winter. 
 
 The British species are not numerous, and may be arranged 
 thus : 
 a. Posterior femora with a single spine in front near the tip. 
 
 b. Abdomen banded. Species 1. 
 
 b b. Abdomen not banded. Species 2. 
 a a. Posterior femora with scattered spines. 
 
 c. Fore tibia obliquely produced at the tip inside. Species 3. 
 c c. Fore tibia with a straight tip. 
 
 d. Arista deflected at a rectilineal angle. 
 
 e. Wings with numerous dusky spots. Species 4. 
 e e. Wings with two dusky dots. 
 
182 DOLICHOPIDjE, 
 
 /. Upper part of the face burnished. Species 5. 
 // Upper part of the face tarnished. Species 6. 
 e e e. Wings not spotted. 
 
 g. With cheeks under the eyes. 
 
 h. Pubescence of the abdomen above blackish. Sp. 7. 
 h h. Pubescence of the abdomen pale. Species 8. 
 g g. Without cheeks. Species 9. 
 d d. Arista decurved. Species 10. 
 
 The first two species depart in several points from the typical 
 character. The third joint of the antenna is obtusely triangular, 
 not toothed, the arista long and slender ; the abdomen longer 
 than the thorax, and convex, the first segment shorter than the 
 second, the hind margin of it (in particular) ciliated at each side, 
 the sixth segment more or less exserted above in the male ; the 
 fore femora not much thicker than the others, and unarmed 
 below, as well as the inner edge of the tibia ; the posterior coxae 
 with a bristle on the outside. 
 
 1. virens, Spl. cam. 921 (1763); LI.; Esi. regius, Fb. ; Fin.; 
 Mg. ! Mq. ; Ct. ; Ztt. Poem, festivus, Dnvn. ! Pallide viridis, abdo- 
 mine nigro-fasciato, alls macula interstitiali fusca ; Mas. alls ante apicem 
 album infuscatis, hypopygii corniculis geminis inflexis, tarsi aatici arti- 
 culo secundo brevissimo incrassato. Long. 3 ; alar. 7 lin. 
 
 Bluish-green with a hoary tinge. Face glossed with white below in 
 male, bluish in female. Thorax with two blackish stripes down the 
 middle, and an irregular one at each side above the wings. Scutellum 
 with six bristles. Wings hyaline, with a brown spot between the cubital 
 and prasbrachial veins a little above the line of the transverse vein, 
 which is oblique and sinuated, and lies very close to the hind margin ; 
 subapical vein obliquely converging towards the cubital, with a veiy 
 faint bend before the middle ; the cubital a little sinuated. In the 
 male the wings outwardly are clouded brown, with a denned white spot 
 at the tip between the cubital and subapical veins. Abdomen with the 
 hinder edge of the segments (except the last) blackish, forming four 
 bands ; the sixth segment exserted more than the fifth in the male, 
 glossed with white, but not pubescent ; the hypopygium large, with the 
 lamella not detached, bearing at the tip a pair of dusky, linear, curved 
 and hairy appendages. Legs dark green, femora with white pubescence 
 beneath, tarsi black. In tJie male the second joint of the fore tarsus is 
 very short, a little thickened, with some minute glandular hairs at the 
 inner edge, and tomentose below, as are also the two following joints. 
 
 About the shaded face of cliffs wetted by the spray of water- 
 falls. (E.S.I.) 
 
 2. lacustris, Spl. earn. 924 (1763). virens, fz.formosus, Hal. 
 viridipes, Mq. Piridi-ceneus, genubus fulvis ; Mas. vena subapicali 
 fere rectangulatimjlexa. Long. 2-f ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
HYDROPHORUS. 1 83 
 
 Brassy-green, varying to coppery-red, somewhat hoary beneath. 
 Face silvery-white in male ; hoary in the female, as well as the front. 
 Thorax faintly striped. Wings hyaline, usually tinged with ferru- 
 ginous towards the fore edge, the subapical vein strongly bent in the 
 middle, in the male nearly forming alternate right angles. Abdomen of 
 the male with the sixth segment but little exserted ; lamella oblong, 
 compressed, broad at the tip and truncated. Legs brassy-green, the 
 femora and tibiae at their junction bright fulvous ; tarsi black, posterior 
 metatarsi glossed with green ; fore tarsus not longer than the tibia. 
 
 On waters, both fresh and brackish. (E. I.) 
 
 The next species is the only native representative of a peculiar 
 group, with longer antennae, the first joint as long as the next 
 two together, the third very slightly toothed at the lower edge ; the 
 prosternum with several spines at each side ; the wings coloured, 
 with the base pale yellowish, extending along the fore edge to the 
 half of the wing ; the hypopygium of the male, besides the keeled 
 lamella beneath, furnished with a longer pair of pale yellow mem- 
 branous lobes in an unusual position, arising one at each side 
 close to the margin of the fifth segment, and extending backwards 
 and outwards, so as to be entirely visible from above, contracted 
 at the end into a slender incurved style ; the fore tibia obliquely 
 produced at the tip inside, forming in the male a compressed lobe 
 there and armed with some teeth higher up, the thick fore femora 
 very spiny below. In the same sex the intermediate femora and 
 tibise are garnished with long hairs and spines. 
 
 3. notatus, Fb. sp. ii. 448. 65 (1781); Mg. ; Mq.; Ct. ! Ztt. 
 armiger p., Fin. Obscure ceneus, thorace fusco-lineato, alts hyalinis, 
 venis fusco-limbatis, basi albida; Mas. appendicibus analibus flavidis im- 
 maculatis intus ciliatis, tibiis anticis dente interne bifido, intermediis 
 apice pectinatis et cirrosis, metatarso pectinato. Long. 2^ ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Dull brassy. Front opake blackish-brown. Face narrow, in the 
 male white, in the female grey. Thorax with four dusky stripes, the 
 intermediate two close together. Wrings hyaline, the veins broadly bor- 
 dered with brown, a darker dot on the flexure of the subapical vein, and 
 a double one on the transverse vein ; the base of the wing and the fore 
 edge to the middle pale yellowish. Abdomen short, flat above, with 
 very slight blackish pubescence ; the ordinary lamella dusky, half as 
 long as the abdomen, attenuated at the tip and cleft ; the pale yellow 
 anal appendages oblong, concave behind^ and fringed on both edges and 
 about the base with long pale hairs, the terminal style naked and spot- 
 less. Legs dark green, with blackish tarsi; the fore tarsus nearly 
 twice as long as the tibia, the hind metatarsus a good deal longer than 
 the following joint ; the hind coxa3 with a bristle outside ; the fore 
 femora prickly in front and pectinated beneath; the tibia spinous 
 
184 DOLICHOPIDjE. 
 
 inside, in the female slightly produced in a point at the tip. In the 
 male it forms an obtuse lobe there, and has besides a long bifid tooth 
 inside above the middle ; the intermediate legs have the tibia towards 
 the tip pectinated in front, and fringed with long curly hairs behind, 
 the metatarsus also pectinated beneath ; the tip of the hind coxae and 
 trochanters is a little prickly ; the hind femora have the pubescence at 
 the base above inverted, the spines in front more thickly set about the 
 middle ; the hind tibiae have two spines inside above the middle, but 
 none on the outside. 
 
 Not rare on the long grass in woods. (E. S. I.) 
 
 The rest have the typical character more complete, the last 
 species alone differing in any material respect. 
 
 4. nebulosus, Fin. dol. 3. 4 (1823); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt.con- 
 spersus, Hal. ^Eneus, alls inter venas seriatim fusco-punctatis. Long. 
 1|; alar. 3| lin. 
 
 Brassy, with shades of grey and rosy. Front opake blackish-brown. 
 Face ochre-yellow in male, yellowish-grey in female. Thorax faintly 
 striped. Things hyaline with dusky dots, particularly in a row between 
 the radial and cubital veins, elsewhere more diffused and irregular, a 
 spot surrounding the transverse vein (which is distant nearly its own 
 length from the hind margin), and a dot on the undulated subapical 
 vein. Alulae broadly bordered with black. Lamella ovate, very 
 slightly notched at the tip. Fore femora strongly pectinated beneath 
 from the base to the middle, and prickly in front ; tibia inside closely 
 set with minute spines in a double row, the last one next the tip much 
 stronger. 
 
 Common on pools, in moors, and among mountains. (E. S. I.) 
 
 5. bipunctatus, Lhm. ! n. act. ac. dec. 2. xii. 243 (1824) ; Mg. ; 
 Mq. ; Ztt. binotatus p., Fin. Olivaceus, alisfusco-bipunctatis, hyposto- 
 mate supero nitidissimo viridi aut cyaneo, infero lutescente ; Mas. femo- 
 ribus anticis basi subtus pectinatis. Long. 2i ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 On pools, both inland and near the sea. (E. I.) 
 
 6. binotatus, Ztt. d. s. 3048 (1849) ; Fin. y.ungulatus, L. fn. 
 Olivaceus, alisfusco-bipunctatis, hypostomate supero sordide virescente, in- 
 fero lutescente, Jcem., aut albicante, Mas.,femoribus anticis basi subtus pec- 
 tinatis, apice fasciculatis, tibiae basi tuberculata. Long. 2-i; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Bare, in similar situations. In Messrs. Hardy's and Haliday's 
 collections. (S. I.) 
 
 The following description applies to both these species : 
 
 Olive above, grey beneath. Front opake blackish-brown. Beard 
 
 of the cheeks tawny-yellow. Thorax above blackish. Wings dark 
 
 hyaline with two blackish dots, one on the transverse vein, the other on 
 
 the subapical. Halteres with a brownish spot at the tip. Abdomen 
 
HYD HOP H OIIUS. 
 
 185 
 
 slightly brassy, with black pubescence above. Legs dark green, with 
 black pubescence, tarsi black ; fore coxae with yellowish pubescence. 
 The distinctive characters are as follows : 
 
 H. bipunctatus. 
 
 Face above burnished, gilded 
 green, or sometimes steel-blue in 
 the male, below dull yellow, the 
 limit denned. Black cilia of the 
 orbit continued all round. 
 
 Lamella of male attenuated at 
 each end, blackish-brown at the 
 tip, paler towards the base. "Fourth 
 ventral segment compressed, trun- 
 cated behind, immaculate. Fore 
 coxse unarmed. 
 
 Tore femora in male with a row 
 of short spines beneath from the base 
 to the middle, and a few still smaller 
 ones near the tip ; the tibia hairy 
 inside, with some very minute spines 
 interspersed. In the female the 
 fore femora have only one or two 
 minute spines towards the tip, and 
 sometimes a single one near the 
 base, and the tibia is not hairy 
 inside. 
 
 H. binotatus. 
 
 Face above tarnished, 
 green, below glossed with white in 
 male, yellowish in female, the limit 
 undefined. Black cilia of the orbit 
 not descending as low as the pe- 
 ristoma. 
 
 Lamella of male shorter, obtuse, 
 blackish-brown. Fourth ventral 
 segment scalloped at the end, with 
 the two intermediate teeth tipped 
 ferruginous. Fore coxse with a 
 few black bristles at the tip. 
 
 Fore femora in male with a row 
 of short spines beneath, and a set 
 of longer ones close together, with 
 a blunt tooth in front of them, be- 
 fore the tip ; the tibia has a tuber- 
 cle in front at the base, and is mi- 
 nutely pectinated inside, indis- 
 tinctly so in the first half. In the 
 female the fore femora have a few 
 
 minute spines in a row nearihe 
 base. 
 
 Obs. The description and habitat of Musca ungulata in the 
 ' Fauna Suecica' applying to either species indifferently, that trivial 
 name, if retained at all, belongs by right to the last, the other 
 having been the first satisfactorily characterized under another 
 name. According to Zetterstedt, H. linotatus is the more 
 northern and alpine species, ascending to the summits of the Alps 
 of Lapland : in Mr. Haliday's collection is a specimen found at 
 a height of 6000 feet on the Swiss Alps. 
 
 7. balticus, Mg. iv. 66. 12 (1824) ; Ztt.litoreus p., Fin. Oli- 
 vaceus, subtus cinereus, abdominis dorso cenescente nigro-pubescente, hal- 
 teribus pallidis, hypostomate infero albido, Mas. ; aut lutescente, Fcem. 
 Long, li; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Front opake blackish-brown. Face greenish-brassy, below glossed 
 with white in male, yellowish in female. Cheeks expanded under the 
 eyes ; beard yellowish. Arista black, not so short as in those which 
 follow next, capillaceous only at the very tip. Thorax above olive-brown, 
 faintly striped, below yellowish ash-colour. Wings hyaline, usually 
 brownish in front ; the veins black, the costal vein from the darkness 
 
 VOL. i. SB 
 
186 DOLICHOPID.E. 
 
 of the colour appearing more evidently thickened after the junction 
 of the subcostal. Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen dark brassy-green, 
 with blackish pubescence above. Lamella rounded at the tip. Legs 
 dark brassy-green, tarsi black ; fore coxse yellowish ash-colour, with a 
 few bristles at the tip ; the pubescence on the underside of the femora 
 and fore metatarsus, and at the tip of the hind tibia, yellowish ; fore 
 femora pectinated beneath from the base to the middle, and in front of 
 this beset with shorter spines, continued in a single row to the tip ; 
 tibia with the sharp inner edge thickly beset with short spines in a 
 single row, only the last one at the tip doubled ; fore tarsus scarcely 
 longer than the tibia. 
 
 Common on pools, particularly in the neighbourhood of the 
 sea. (E.S.I.) 
 
 8. prsecox, Lhm. ! act. acad. dec. 2. xii. 243 (1824). viridis,M.g. 
 oceanus, Mq. Pallide virescens,fronte tlioraceque supra olivaceis, ab- 
 domine cano-pubescente, halteribus pallidis, hypostomate candido. Long. 
 1^; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Hoary greenish, with little metallic lustre. Front blackish. Face 
 glossy white ; beard white ; cheeks expanded less than in the preceding. 
 Arista very short, black, the outer half of the last joint attenuated, 
 paler, the tip capillaceous. Thorax above olive. Wings hyaline ; veins 
 dusky, the costal and subcostal ferruginous. Halteres pale yellow. 
 Pubescence of the abdomen and legs pale, except that on the upper side 
 of the femora. Lamella small. Fore legs not so short as in the pre- 
 ceding ; the tarsus much longer than the tibia ; coxse unarmed ; femora 
 bipectinated ; the inside of the tibia, except at the base, with a single 
 row (close set) of minute spines, the last one slender. 
 
 Abundant on the shallow pools left on the sandy shores of 
 Lough Neagh, in the summer. (I.) 
 
 9. litoreus, Ztt. d. s. 3051 (1849); Fin. p. aquaticus, Mg. ? 
 Obscure viridis subtus canus, fronte thoraceque supra olivaceis, hyposto- 
 mate candido, halteribus apice fuscis ; Mas. femoribus anticis sub apice 
 spinulis ternis compressis luteis. Long. \\ ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Dark bluish-green, beneath hoary. Front blackish. Face silvery- 
 white, rather narrow above. Arista short, blackish, the very tip alone 
 capillaceous. Thorax olive in front, brassy-green behind. Wings hya- 
 line ; veins blackish. Halteres pale, with a dusky spot at the tip. Ab- 
 domen with blackish pubescence above. Legs blackish-green. Fore 
 pair moderately long ; coxaB unarmed, with pale pubescence ; femora 
 pectinated beneath in the first half, and armed with three obtuse com- 
 pressed yellowish spines towards the tip, in the male ; tibia inside pec- 
 tinated with short and fine spines, which are scarcely distinguishable 
 in its upper half; tarsus scarcely longer than the tibia. 
 
 Bare. (E.I.) 
 
 10. insequalipes, Ztt. d. s. 444. 4 (1843). pracox, Mg. Ufa- 
 
CAMPSICNEMUS. 187 
 
 reusvar., Flu. Cinereus, arista decurva, hypostomate albido, Mas.; aut 
 Jlavido, Fcem. Long. \%fcem., 1-^ mas. ; alar. 5,/., 6, m. 
 
 Cinereous. Face broad, dull whitish in male, yellowish in female ; 
 beard yellowish. Antennae with the tooth beneath the tip of the third 
 joint obtuse ; arista decurved, the outer half capillaceous and rather 
 pale, the penultimate joint short in proportion. Bristles of the thorax 
 short, only two on the scutellum, three at each side of the prosternum. 
 Wings smoky-hyaline ; the veins dusky ferruginous, the costal margin 
 appearing faintly pectinated from the scanty pubescence. Halteres 
 yellow, with the apical edge a little darker. Abdomen with a faint 
 brassy tinge, the pubescence pale. Lamella not exserted. Femora 
 and tarsi beneath, fore tibia in front, hind tibia at the tip behind, with 
 yellowish pubescence. Fore legs very short ; coxas with a few spines 
 about the tip, and sometimes one or two at the base ; femora bipec- 
 tinated beneath ; tibia strongly pectinated in a single row inside ; in 
 the female there are a few longer spines in a second row behind, and 
 some more on the outside ; tarsus longer than the tibia. 
 
 Abundant, on the verge of the tide, in sheltered bays ; but not 
 exclusively confined to the salt water. (E. S. I.) 
 
 Obs. Macquart's brief character of M. wwequalipes (dipt. ii. 
 453. 5) scarcely affords sufficient grounds for identifying that 
 with the present species ; but the synonym from Zetterstedt is 
 unquestionable. 
 
 Genus VI. CAMPSICNEMUS. 
 
 Hal. z. j. v. 357 (1831). Medeterus, Wlbg. Mede- 
 terus p., Mg. ; Mq. Dolichopus p., Fin. ; Eoser ; Ztt. 
 
 Antennae articulo tertio apice attenuate, arista dorsali. Hypostoma an- 
 gustissimum. Abdomen depressum, segmentis anterioribus aequilongis. 
 Hypopygium immersum, muticum. Vena transversa a margine distans. 
 Eyes pubescent, distant on the front, approaching very close under tJie 
 antennae (or even contiguous in the male) . Supercilia black ; cilia of 
 the lower orbit usually pale; (except sp. 5.) Proboscis but little pro- 
 minent. Antennae rather short ; with the first joint naked ; the second 
 shortest, transverse, verticillated ; the third joint tapering ; arista dorsal, 
 slender, nearly naked, the penultimate joint short. Scutellum with 
 two long bristles ; prosternum with a slight one at each side ; meta- 
 thoracic epimera not dilated, but much elongated obliquely downwards. 
 Wings oblong ; discal transverse vein distant by about twice its own 
 length from the hind margin ; subapical vein usually parallel with the 
 cubital, and nearly straight, except that before the middle it traverses 
 a round convexity of the membrane. Alulas sparingly fringed with 
 black hairs. Halteres usually yellowish. Abdomen not longer than 
 
188 DOLICHOPID^E. 
 
 the thorax, depressed, finely pubescent, scarcely ciliated ; of five seg- 
 ments, the first segment not shorter than the second ; hypopygium of the 
 male short, imbedded, without visible appendages. Legs long and 
 slender ; posterior femora near the tip in front with a single bristle, 
 which is wanting on the pectinated femora of the males ; posterior 
 tibiaa with a few scattered spines ; hind metatarsus unarmed, a little 
 shorter than the following joint ; fore coxae more or less hairy towards 
 the tip, the posterior ones usually with a single bristle outside. In 
 the male the intermediate tibia is more or less distorted and pec- 
 tinated. 
 
 The species of this genus are smaller than the Hydrophori, 
 which they much resemble, and are less aquatic in their habits, 
 frequenting moist grassy spots, where they may be found, in more 
 or less abundance, at all seasons except mid-winter. 
 
 The British species are few, and may be arranged thus : 
 
 a. Cilia of the lower orbit pale. 
 b. Face yellowish below. 
 
 c. Third joint of antennse pointed. 
 
 d. Thorax brassy-olive. Species 2. 
 dd. Thorax dull brownish. Species 4. 
 
 c c. Third joint of antennae obtuse. 
 
 e. Tore legs stout, with yellow coxa?. Species 1. 
 
 e e. Fore legs slender, coxae mostly dusky. Species 3. 
 b b. Pace silvery -white. Species 6. 
 a a. Cilia of the lower orbit black. Species 5. 
 
 ]. scambus, Fin. dol. 19. 26 (1823); Mg.; Mq.; Hal.; Ztt.-r- 
 clavitibius, Koser. Fcem. prodromus, Mg. Olivaceus, fronte cyanes- 
 cente, hypostomate infero lutescente, coxis anticis pedibusque ferrugineis 
 tarsis nigricantibus, antennis obtusis ; Mas. femoribus anterioribus pecti- 
 natis, tibiis intermediis dilatatis sinuatis nigricantibus, metatarso brevis- 
 simo incrassato appendiculato. Long. 1-| ; alar. 4 b'n. 
 
 Olive. Front bluish. Face below tawny-yellow, above whitish, 
 nearly vanishing in the male. Antennas with the third joint obtuse 
 triangular in male, ovate in female. Thorax a little brassy ; scutellum 
 bluish. Wings dusky, with a faint dot at the convexity. Legs and 
 fore coxce ferruginous, tarsi blackish except at the base. In the male 
 the fore femora are veiy thick, fringed beneath with curly whitish hairs, 
 and pectinated beyond the middle ; the tibia stout, armed with two 
 spines inside below the middle ; the first two joints of the tarsus hairy 
 behind ; the intermediate femora pectinated beneath, at first simply, 
 towards the tip with a double row of shorter spines ; the tibia much 
 dilated, compressed and sinuated, ciliated with long bristles outside and 
 at the tip, blackish-brown, with the attenuated base ferruginous arid 
 armed inside with a double row of minute spines ; the metatarsus very 
 short, ferruginous, thickened, armed with several black, hooked, and spiny 
 
CAMPSICNEMUS. 189 
 
 processes ; the second joint as long as the following three together, 
 hairy, as is also the third. The female may be known from that of the 
 next species by the stouter fore legs with immaculate coxse (which are 
 more hairy outside), and only the base of the fore femora a little dusky 
 beneath. 
 
 Common and generally diffused. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. curvipes, Tin. dol. 20. 27 (1823); Mg. ; Mq. ; Hal. ; Ztt. 
 cilitibius, Roser. Olivaceus, fronte cyanescente, hypostomate infero 
 lutescente, pedibus ferrugineis, geniculis tarsisque nigricantibus, antennis 
 subacutis; Mas. tibiis intermediis incrassatis apice nigris, femoribus 
 poster ioribus pectinatis. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. et ultra. 
 
 Olive. Front bluish. Face below tawny-yellow, above whitish, 
 almost vanishing in the male. Antennae with the third joint elongate 
 triangular in the male. Thorax a little brassy; scutellum bluish. 
 Wings dusky, with a faint dot at the convexity. Legs ferruginous, the 
 extreme base of the tibiae, and tlie tarsi, except the base, blackish, the 
 anterior tibia? a little dusky at the tip. The coxa? and the underside 
 of the femora towards the base (especially the fore pair) dusky. In the 
 male the intermediate femora beneath are doubly pectinated, the anterior 
 row ending before the tip, the other row of shorter spines interrupted ; 
 the tibia sinuated at the base, thickened after the first third on to the 
 blackish tip, pectinated with long spines in front, beneath with a row 
 of shorter ones, interrupted near the base ; the metatarsus short, thick- 
 ened, and ending in a black point above ; the next joint longer than 
 the following three together ; the hind femora pectinated beneath, except 
 at the base. 
 
 Common and generally diffused. (E. S. I.) 
 
 3. loripes, Hal. z. j. v. 357. 10 (1831). -femoralis, Ztt. Olivaceus, 
 fronte cyanescente, hypostomate infero lutescente, coxis anticis pedibusque 
 ferrugineis, geniculis tarsisque nigricantibus, antennis obtusis ; Mas. 
 femoribus et tibiis intermediis interrupte pectinatis, metatarso breviore, 
 
 articulis duobus sequentibus sub&quilongis. Long. 1 ;, alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Olive. Front bluish. Face tawny-yellow below ; above whitish, very 
 narrow, but nearly linear. Antennae with the third joint obtuse tri- 
 angular. Thorax somewhat brassy ; scutellum bluish. Wings dusky, 
 with a faint dot at the convexity. Legs and fore coxce ferruginous ; 
 tibia at the extreme base, and tarsi except the base, blackish, anterior 
 tibiaB dusky at the tip ; intermediate coxes with more than one bristle 
 outside. In the male the intermediate femora are dusky along the lower 
 edge, ^nA. pectinated m a double row, from the base nearly to the middle, 
 and again before the tip ; tJie tibia is pectinated inside with short spines 
 from the base nearly to the middle, where it is bent, and after this again 
 begins a double row of longer spines ; the metatarsus is only as long as 
 the fourth joint, the third twice as long, the second nearly as much. 
 
190 DOLICHOPID.E. 
 
 Not so common as the two preceding, but generally diffused. 
 (E. S. I.) 
 
 4. armatus, Ztt. d. s. 3093 (1849). prodromes, Hal. Fusco- 
 cinereus, coxis anticis pedibusque ferrugineis, tarsis nigricantibus, antennis 
 subacutis ; hypostomate albido, Fcem., aut lutescente, Mas. ; femoribus 
 intermediis subtus ciliatis, tibiis arcuatis pectinatis. Long. 1 ; alar. 
 2* lin. 
 
 Cinereous ; front sometimes slightly bluish. Face tawny-yellow in 
 male, yellowish-white in female. Antennae with the third joint rather 
 long, and acute triangular in male. Thorax above tinged brownish or 
 ferruginous, opake-, scutellum bluish. Wings brownish. Abdomen 
 faintly brassy-green. Legs and fore coxa ferruginous, tibiae with a 
 blackish dot at the base and tip, tarsi almost entirely blackish ; hind 
 metatarsus scarcely shorter than the following joint. In the male the 
 intermediate femora are thickly ciliated beneath, the tibiae curved and 
 pectinated behind with long erect bristles. 
 
 Common on the sea-coast, even early in the spring. (E. S. I.) 
 
 5. pusilhis, Mg.iv. 65. 11 (1824) ; Mq. Aescente-niger, fronte 
 cyanescente, genubus ferrugineis, halteribus nigris ; hypostomate cano, 
 Fcem.,aut atro, Mas. ; tarsis anticis apice dilatatis, femoribus intermediis 
 apice tibiisque basi pectinatis. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Black, slightly brassy. Front steel-blue. Face deep black in male, 
 hoary in female. Cilia of the orbit black. Antennae with the third 
 joint rather acute triangular in male, obtuse in female. Scutellum 
 bluish. Wings dusky, witii the dot very faint. Halteres blackish at 
 the tip at least. Legs dull black, femora ferruginous at the tip. In 
 the male the last two joints of tJie fore tarsus are dilated ; the fourth 
 oval, hairy beneath ; the intermediate femora finely ciliated beneath in 
 a double row, and pectinated behind near the tip ; the tibia compressed 
 and somewhat curved, close to the base a little tooth, pectinated beneath, 
 and in front a tuft of hairs sloping backwards. 
 
 Bare in marshes. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 
 
 6. alpinus, Hal.e. m. i. 163 (1833). Fcem. atomus, Ztt.? Oliva- 
 ceus, fronte cyanea, hypostomate argenteo, pedibus fusco-ferrugineis, alis 
 nigricantibus disco hyalinis ; Mas. oculis contiguis, femoribus intermediis 
 infra apicem spinulosis, alis subpetiolatis. Long. J ; alar. 2-i- lin. 
 
 Olive. Front steel-blue. Face very narrow, silvery -white ; in the 
 male it is produced over the mouth, and the eyes meet under the 
 antennae. Antennae with the third joint obtuse triangular in male, 
 rounded in female. Scutellum steel-blue. Wings narrow, blackish, 
 with the disc nearly hyaline around the clouded transverse vein and the 
 dot of the subapical. In the male the wings are much narrowed towards 
 the base, almost petiolated, the outer veins more darkly bordered, the 
 subapical vein diverging from the cubital much as they approach the 
 tip. Legs and fore coxae dark reddish ; the base of the coxa?, the 
 
THINOPHILUS. 191 
 
 upper edge of the femora, the base of the fore pair beneath, and the 
 tarsi blackish. In the male the intermediate femora have four short spines 
 beneath, in a row, near the tip. 
 
 Not rare on moors and mountains. (E. S. I.) 
 
 Genus VII. THINOPHILUS. 
 
 THINOPHILUS, Wlbg. act. holm, consp. (1844), 37 ; Ztt. d. s. 3100. 
 Medeterus p., Hal. Rhaphium p., Ztt. 
 
 AntenncB articulo tertio rotundato, arista dorsali. Oculi pubescentes, dis- 
 tantes. Proboscis crassa, exserta, palpis magnis. Abdomen depressum, 
 hypopygio marls immerso, appendicibus tenuibus. Vena transversa a 
 margine distans. 
 
 Eyes pubescent, distant. Face broad in both sexes, not descending as 
 low as the eyes, ending in an obtuse angle below. Supercilia black ; 
 beard of the lower occiput soft, pale. Proboscis protuberant, compressed 
 below, thick behind; the palpi large, uncovered. Antenna much shorter 
 than the head, with the first joint naked, the second shortest, produced 
 at the inside above the base of the third joint, which is rounded ; arista 
 dorsal, slender, nearly naked, the penultimate joint short. Metathoracic 
 epimera dilated. Wings oblong ; the discal transverse vein distant 
 from the hind margin by more than its own length ; subapical approach- 
 ing the cubital with a gentle curve, or straight and parallel (sp. 3). 
 Abdomen scarcely longer than the thorax, depressed, with five segments, 
 the anterior ones nearly of equal length ; in the male a little compressed 
 behind, the hypopygium short and thick, partly imbedded, its appendages 
 slender, inflected. Legs of moderate length ; fore coxae with some 
 bristles outside towards the tip ; tibiae more or less spiny ; anterior 
 metatarsi long; the hind one scarcely longer than the next joint, 
 unarmed. 
 
 The separation of this genus seems to be quita justified. Agree- 
 ing with the female Rhaphia, in the broad face, large proboscis 
 and palpi, and not differing much in the wings or legs, the short 
 depressed abdomen gives them more the figure of the two pre- 
 ceding genera, while in the antennae they differ from them all. 
 
 1. flavipalpis, Ztt. d. s. 472. 13 (1843); Wlbg. ^nescens, 
 thoracis dorso antice ferruginoso, antennis subtus et pedum geniculis lutes- 
 centibus, halteribus flamdis ; Mas. tarsis anterioribus albidis, nigro annu- 
 latis et pennatis, tibia antica apice calcarata, hypopygii appendicibus sub- 
 cequilongis fuscis. Long. 2^ ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Dull brassy, beneath greenish-grey. Face burnished in the middle. 
 Supercilia not a detached row, the upper occiput being beset with 
 scattered spines. Palpi pale yellowish. Antenna reddish-tawny, edged 
 
192 DOLICHOPID.E. 
 
 with Hack above and at the tip. Thorax with a rusty tarnish in front ; 
 denuded behind and on the scutellum, with bright metallic tints. 
 Prosternum with three pale spines at each side. Wings smoky-hyaline ; 
 the fore edge, the transverse vein, and a dot on the subapical, clouded 
 with brown. Halteres yellowish. Abdomen with the margins of the 
 segments somewhat ciliated, more so in the male ; appendages of the 
 hypopygium nearly of equal length, dusky, the outer pair oblong, the 
 next bifid. Legs blackish ; the trochanters and the tip of the femora 
 pale yellowish ; the tibia, at the base a little, and at the tip more largely, 
 ferruginous ; in the female the base of the tarsi is also ferruginous, and 
 the femora and tibise sometimes almost entirely so ; the posterior coxae 
 have a spine outside, the hind femora one in front beyond the middle ; 
 all the tibiae are armed with strong spines, the hind pair most thickly. 
 In the male the anterior tarsi and the hind metatarsus are pale yellowish, 
 the joints tipped with black ; the fore pair fringed outside with bla,ck 
 bristles, increasing in length towards the end, but ceasing at the tip 
 of the fourth joint, which has a long spine beneath ; the last three 
 joints of the intermediate tarsi are short, compressed, and ciliated at 
 both sides ; the fore tibia is armed at the tip inside with a black spur, 
 composed of three long spines united. 
 
 Inhabits the sea-coast and about salt springs ; rare with us. 
 'In Mr. Walker's collection. (E.) 
 
 2. mficornis, Hal. a. n. h. ii. 184 (1838). maculicornis, Ztt. 
 Mnescem, thoracis dorso antice ferruginoso, antennis subtus rufis, coxis 
 anticis pedibusque flavis, tibiis apice tarsisque fuscis, halteribus flavis ; 
 Mas. hypopygii a/ppendicibus flavis, interioribus elongatis filiformibus. 
 Long. H ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Dull brassy, beneath greenish-grey. Pace burnished in the middle. 
 Palpi pale yellow. Antenna reddish-tawny, edged with black above and 
 at the tip. Thorax with a rusty tarnish in front ; denuded behind and 
 on the scutellum, with bright metallic tints. Prosternum unarmed, 
 only a little hairy at the sides. Wings smoky-hyaline ; the transverse 
 vein and dot very faintly shaded. Halteres pale yellowish. Appendages 
 of the hypopygium of male pale yellow ; the outer ones small, oblong, 
 pubescent, tJie inner ones elongated into a twisted thread. Legs and fore 
 coxa pale yellowish, tibia a little dusky at the tip, tarsi dusky, except at 
 the base ; the posterior coxa3 and femora unarmed ; the spines of the 
 posterior tibia3 not numerous, the fore pair nearly unarmed. 
 
 On the sea-shore. (E. I.) 
 
 3. versutus, (Hal. MSS.) Oinereus, fronte thoraceque supra fer- 
 ruginosis, antennis subtus femoribus apice tibiisque ferrugineis, halteribus 
 fuscis, Fcem. Long. 1 ; alar. 2f lin. 
 
 Grey, inclining to glaucous on the metathorax and abdomen and 
 beneath. Front with a rusty tinge. Face not so broad as in the 
 preceding. Antenna black, a little rufe&cent below, the last joint 
 
RHAPHIUM. 193 
 
 exceedingly short, so that the arista is close to the tip. Thorax above 
 with a rusty tinge, opake, faintly striped. Prosternum unarmed. Wings 
 dark hyaline, with the veins blackish to the root ; the transverse vein 
 and dot of the subapical clouded with brown. Halteres dusky. Legs 
 blackish, the tip of tJie femora, the tibiae, and the base of the tarsi 
 ferruginous; the fore tibia darker, and almost unarmed, the bristles 
 on the others very few and slight ; the posterior femora near the tip 
 in front, and the posterior cox outside, have each a single one of the 
 same sort. The male is unknown. 
 
 Very rare. In Messrs. Dale's and Halida/s collections. (E. S.) 
 
 Genus VIII. RHAPHIUM. 
 
 RHAPHIUM, Ztt. ; Lw. Hydrochus, Fin. Porphyrops, Mg. (1830). 
 Rhaphium et Porphyrops, Mq. ; Ct. Rhaphium (1803) et Porphy- 
 rops p., Mg. (1824). Rhaphium, Perithinus, et Plectropus, Hal. 
 Dolichopus p., Fb. s. a. Musca p., Fb. Anglearia, Carlier. 
 
 Antenna articulo tertio apice sensim attenuato aut linear i, arista apicali 
 
 vel subapicali. Proboscis obtusa. Vena transversa a margine distans. 
 
 Hypopygium maris immersum. Tibia spinulosa. 
 
 Antenna with the first joint naked, the third joint linear, or tapering 
 gradually ; the arista at the tip, or nearly so. Proboscis short, obtuse. 
 Eyes pubescent, distant on the front. Discal transverse vein distant 
 from the hind margin of the wing ; subcostal vein not surpassing a third 
 of the length of the wing, ending nearly opposite the middle of the 
 discal areolet. Hypopygium of the male short, imbedded in the ventral 
 cavity. Tibia, at least the posterior pairs, armed with spines, both at 
 the sides and tip. 
 
 This difficult genus has been well elucidated and amplified by 
 Loew, in an elaborate critical review of the European species, 
 inserted in the Stettin 'Entomological Journal' for 1850. He 
 has considered it as a receptacle for the species excluded from 
 the other genera with terminal arista. Accordingly a natural 
 character can scarcely be framed for it, containing, as it stands, 
 three, if not four, groups that claim generic rank, but which it 
 will be rather the province of a monograph to establish. The 
 analytic table, and observations thereon, will supply as much as 
 seems requisite, in this respect, for the purposes of a simple fauna. 
 The correct discrimination of the species, as Loew has shown, 
 rests chiefly on the characters drawn from the* male sex ; but in 
 the previous steps of the analysis the distinctive characters com- 
 
 VOL. i. 2 c 
 
194 DOLICHOPlDjE. 
 
 mon to both sexes seem to claim the preference. The British 
 species then may be arranged as follows : 
 A. Antennae with the second joint transverse. 
 
 B. Colour of the body not metallic, &c. Species 1, 2. 
 B B. Colour of the body more or less metallic. 
 
 C. Third joint of the antennae elongated in both sexes, linear, not 
 broader than the second. Alulae tipped with black. Species 3. 
 C C. Third joint of the antennae broader than the second, usually 
 elongated in the male. Alulae pale. 
 a. Front blue. 
 
 b. Hind femora unarmed. (Coxae with black bristles 2 : 2 : 1.) 
 c. Coxae all yellow. Species 4. 
 c c. Posterior coxae grey outside. Species 5,6. 
 b b. Hind femora with a spine or bristle in front near the tip. 
 
 (Coxae with black bristles 3:1:1.) Species 7. 
 a a. Front the same colour as the thorax, or glossed with white. 
 d. Hind femora with a single spine in front near the tip. 
 e. Fore tibia with about three minute spines outside. 
 
 Species 8, 9. 
 
 e e. Fore tibia with a double row of spines outside. 
 /. Arista simple. Species 10, 11. 
 //. Arista capitate in male. Species 12. 
 d d. Femora with more than one spine about the tip. 
 
 Species 13, 14. 
 d d d. Hind femora unarmed. 
 g. Face white. Species 15. 
 g g. Face black in the male. 
 
 h. Outer appendages of hypopygium forked. Species 16. 
 
 h h. Outer appendages of hypopygium simple. Species 17. 
 
 A A. Antennae with the tip of the second joint elongate attenuated, 
 
 received into a deep notch of the base of the third. Alulae tipped 
 
 with black. 
 
 i. Front the same colour as the thorax. Species ]8, 19. 
 i i. Front blue. 
 
 k. Hind metatarsus unarmed. Species 22. 
 
 k Jc. Hind metatarsus armed at the base beneath in the male. 
 
 Species 20, 21. 
 
 k Jc Jc. Hind metatarsus armed towards the tip beneath in the 
 male. Species 23. 
 
 The first two species form a group remarkable especially for the 
 departure from the typical number of abdominal segments in this 
 family. The antennae are not elongated, the third joint ovate 
 acute, the arista long and slender, nearly terminal, the face narrow, 
 yet more so in the male, the palpi ovate, hairy, longer than the 
 compressed proboscis, which they cover in front ; the lower orbit 
 
RHAPHITJM. 195 
 
 has a single row of pale cilia ; the scutellum bears a single long 
 bristle at each side, and the prosternum a slighter one. The wings 
 are somewhat narrowed towards the base, the anal angle being 
 rounded away, the anal arid subanal veins obsolete, the discal 
 transverse vein distant by more than its own length from the hind 
 margin, the subapical vein straight and gradually diverging from 
 the cubital to the end. The abdomen is compressed, merely 
 pubescent, not ciliated at the incisures; of six segments in the 
 female, besides the vagina, and of only as many in the male, 
 including the short hypopygium, which is furnished with a pair 
 of inflected foliaceous, but narrow, pubescent appendages. The 
 posterior femora have a spine in front near the tip, the posterior 
 tibise not many spines, and the" fore pair are nearly unarmed ; the 
 anterior metatarsi are long, the hind one shorter than the following 
 joint, unarmed. The species are very minute, and the colours 
 not metallic. 
 
 1. flavicolle, Mq. iv. 56. 24 (1824); Mq. ; Ztt.paWdum, Ztt 
 Ferrugineum, capite abdominisque dorso fuscis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 liii. 
 
 Ferruginous. Head blackish-grey ; face and palpi yellowish-white ; 
 the bristles of the vertex ferruginous. Antennae ferruginous, the 
 upper edge and the tip of the third joint blackish. Bristles of the 
 thorax blackish ; the pleurae sometimes blackish under the wings. 
 Wings yellowish-hyaline ; alulae with brownish fringe. Abdomen dusky 
 above, pubescence blackish ; appendages of hypopygium pale yellowish, 
 elongated, tapering to a point. Tarsi with the last joint dusky. 
 
 Rare. (E. I.) 
 
 2. cinereum, (Hal. MSS.) Oinereum, pedibus ferrugineis. Long. 
 1 ; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Pace whitish. Antennae ferruginous, with the upper edge 
 and the tip blackish. Bristles of the vertex and thorax ferruginous. 
 Wings yellowish-hyaline, alulae with pale fringe. Pubescence of abdo- 
 men pale. Appendages of hypopygium oblong, pale yellowish. Legs 
 and coxae ferruginous, the posterior tarsi at the tip, the fore pair 
 entirely, with the tip of the tibia, dusky. In the male the middle 
 femora are ciliated at the tip behind. 
 
 Very rare. In Mr. Halida/s collection. (I.) 
 
 In those which follow (species 3-17), the face is narrow in the 
 male, broad in the female, which has the proboscis prominent, 
 compressed below, broader behind, the palpi shorter than it, but 
 large and prominent, meeting in front ; the lower occiput thickly 
 clothed with soft hairs, which are usually white, while the super- 
 cilia are black ; the scutellum with four marginal bristles ; the 
 sternum usually unarmed ; the discal transverse vein distant from 
 
196 DOLICHOPID^. 
 
 the hind margin by double its own length or more ; the subapical 
 vein usually somewhat sinuated and approacliing the cubital 
 towards the tip ; the alulae commonly fringed with pale hairs ; 
 the abdomen in the male somewhat compressed behind, of six 
 segments, besides the hypopygium, which is short and partly 
 imbedded in the neutral cavity, furnished with two pairs of 
 inflected appendages, the inner ones more rigid, forming the 
 forceps, the outer ones foliaceous, usually narrow and pubescent, 
 of a dingy yellow or dusky colour. In the female the abdomen 
 is more depressed, of five segments. The first joint of the hind 
 tarsus is usually rather shorter than the second and unarmed, the 
 other metatarsi elongated. 
 
 The first of these differs from the rest in several respects, and 
 may be considered as the type of the genus Rhaphium. 
 
 3. longicorne, Fin. dol. 5. 1 (1823); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt.; Lw. 
 vitripenne, Mg. Nigro-csneum, nitidum, fronte violacea, alls fuscanis, 
 alulis apice nigricantibus, antennis articulo tertio lineari longissimo, 
 arista brevi. Long. 2-| ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Brassy -Hack, shining. Front violet. Face silvery-white. Antenna 
 elongated, the third joint linear, little compressed, not broader than the 
 second, as long as the thorax in male, shorter in female ; arista half as long 
 as that joint in male, shorter in proportion in female. Scutellum bluish. 
 Prosternum with a slight bristle on each side. Wings dark brown, 
 darker about the veins ; sometimes colourless in immature specimens. 
 Alulae with a blackish edge and pale fringe. Outer appendages of 
 hypopygium dusky, pubescent, straight, oblong, obtuse ; the inner ones 
 elongated, spine-shaped, curved, crossed, enlarged at the base. Legs 
 black ; anterior tibiae dull ferruginous ; fore metatarsus in male com- 
 pressed and slightly dilated at the tip. 
 
 Not rare about pools in peat-mosses. (E. S. I.) 
 
 The rest (species 4- 17) have the alulee pale, the third joint of 
 the antennae compressed and broader than the second, often 
 elongated in the male, with the arista contracted ; but ovate or 
 triangular in the females, with the arista elongated. The species 
 with the front blue have the third joint of the antennae particu- 
 larly long, and the arista very short in the male, while in the 
 females the long arista is not quite terminal ; the discal transverse 
 vein very remote from the hind margin of the wing, the subapical 
 very slightly sinuated or even straight; the hind metatarsus 
 evidently shorter than the following joint. These formed part of 
 the genus Rhaphium, as originally constituted ; they are small, 
 but the female notably larger than the male. The species which 
 follow next in order, with the third joint of the antennee gradually 
 
KHAPHIUM. 197 
 
 diminishing, while the arista increases in length, in the male, 
 lead on to those (species 11-17) which Meigen at first placed in 
 his genus Porphyrops, in which the third joint of the antennae is 
 lanceolate or ovate in the male, and little longer than in the other 
 sex, the subapical vein of the wing distinctly sinuated, and the 
 hind metatarsus scarcely shorter than the following joint, the 
 pubescence at the tip of the middle coxse sometimes elongated, 
 as a compact pencil or spur, in the male. 
 
 4. fasciatum, Mg. ! zw. iv. 31. 9 (1824); Mq. ; Ztt.; Lw. 
 Nigro-ceneum, nitidum, f route violacea, pedibus flavis, femoribus posticis 
 muticis, coxis flams, setis nigris anteriorum lints posticarum unica; 
 Mas. antennis thorace longioribus, arista brevissima, abdominis segmentis 
 secundo tertioque fascia flava. Long. 1 ; alar. 2^ lin. 
 
 Brassy-black, shining. Front violet. Face silvery- white. Antennae 
 in male longer than the thorax ; third joint strap-shaped, four times as 
 long as the arista. Wings smoky-hyaline, attenuated at the base, sub- 
 apical vein straight, parallel with the cubital. Abdomen with the 
 second and third segments, except the hind edge, transparent, yellow. 
 Outer appendages of the hypopygium as long as the inner, oblong, 
 yellowish, pointed and dusky at the tip ; inner ones nearly as in the 
 next two, but without the long hair at the tip. Legs pale yellow ; tarsi 
 dusky at the tip ; tibiae with the spines small and few, the fore pair 
 minutely pectinated outside ; all the coxae yellow, with black bristles 
 2:2:1, and the spur of the middle pair tipped with black. In the 
 female the abdomen is immaculate, according to Staeger and Zetter- 
 stedt, differing in this from Macquart's description. 
 
 Eare. (E. I.) 
 
 5. caliginosum, Mg. ! zw. iv. 29. 4 (1824) ; Mq.; Ztt. ; Lw. 
 macrocerum, Hal. Fcem. nemorale, Mg. ? pallitarse, Mq. Atro- 
 virens, nitidum, fronte cyanea, pedibus Jlavis, femoribus posticis muticis, 
 coxis anterioribus bisetis posticis unisetis ; Mas. antennis thorace longiori- 
 bus, arista brevissima, genubus tibiis tarsisque posticis nigricantibus, 
 appendicibus externis hypopygio non longioribus, internis capillo arcuato 
 glabro terminatis. Long. 1-^-lf ; alar. 3-3^ lin. 
 
 Metallic blackish-green. Front steel-blue. Face silvery-white. An- 
 tenna of male longer than the thorax ; third joint strap-shaped, a little 
 attenuated at the tip ; arista not longer than that joint is broad. Wings 
 brownish, subapical vein slightly sinuated. Inner appendages of hypo- 
 pygium much dilated at the tip and thickly fringed with pale hairs, 
 and ending with a long, simple, curved, pale hair ; outer ones short, dilated, 
 vomeriform, dusky, pubescent. Legs pale yellow, posterior coxae grey 
 outside ; in the hind pair the upper edge of the femora towards the 
 tip, with the tibiae and tarsi, blackish-brown, the tibiae sometimes 
 lighter ; the anterior tarsi dusky towards the tip, the fore metatarsus 
 very slightly dilated at the tip ; black bristles of the coxa 2:2:1. 
 
198 DOLICHOPID^. 
 
 The female has short antennas, with the third joint ovate, the long 
 arista placed a little before its tip ; the wings broader than in the 
 male ; the femora and tibia3 yellow, only the tip of the hind femora a 
 little darker, the tarsi dusky, with the metatarsus yellowish except at 
 the tip. 
 
 Common in swampy spots. (E. S. I.) 
 
 6. cupreum, Mq. d. n. fr. 52. 3 (1827). macrocerum, Ct. ! 
 appendiculatum, Ztt. ; Lw. Atro-virens, nitidum, fronte cyanea, pedi- 
 bus flavis, femoribus postids muticis, coxis anterioribus bisetis posticis 
 unisetis ; Mas. antennis thorace longioribus, arista brevissima, genubus 
 tibiis tarsisque posticis nigricantibus, appendicibus externis hypopygio 
 duplo longioribus, internis filo compresso apice ciliato terminatis. Long. 
 l.U-1! ; alar. 3-3| lin. 
 
 The description of the preceding applies to this also, so exactly, 
 that it is necessary only to mention the differences. The appen- 
 dages are longer, the outer ones twice as long as the hypopygium, 
 strap-shaped, obtuse, pubescent, dingy yellow, but appearing black- 
 ish at the base, where they are applied to the inner ones, which 
 end in a long, pale, compressed, slightly curved thread, ciliated at 
 the tip. The females of the two species are scarcely distinguishable. 
 
 In the like situations with the last, and equally common. 
 (E. S. I.) 
 
 7. macrocerum, Ztt. d. s. 3057. 3 (1849). monotrichum, Lw. 
 caliginosum, Hal. Atro-virens, nitidum, fronte cyanea, pedibus Jlavis, 
 femoribus posticis et coxis posterioribus unisetis ; Mas. antenriis thorace 
 paulo brevioribus, arista brevi, geuubus tibiis tarsisque posticis nigri- 
 cantibus, appendicibus externis hypopygio duplo longioribus capillo termi- 
 natis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Metallic blackish-green. Front steel-blue. Face silvery- white. An- 
 tenna not as long as the thorax, third joint about three times as long as 
 the arista. Scutellum bluish. Wings brownish. Inner appendages 
 short, dilated at the tip, but thinly ciliated on the lower edge ; outer 
 ones elongated, dilated in an angle near the base, after this attenuated, 
 linear, ending in a single long hair. Legs yellow ; posterior coxae grey 
 outside, and each with a single black bristle, the fore pair without any ; 
 in the hind pair the upper edge of the femora towards the tip, with the 
 tibiaB and tarsi, blackish-brown, the tibiae often lighter ; the anterior 
 tarsi dusky towards the tip ; the fore metatarsus a little curved and 
 fringed above with longer pubescence ; the spines of the tibiaB rather 
 stronger than in the preceding two species. The female probably may 
 be best distinguished from them by the fewer black bristles on 
 the coxa3. 
 
 Not uncommon. (E. S. I.) 
 
 8. fissum, Lw. e. z. xi. 128. 26 (1850). Atro-virens, nitidum, 
 
EHAPHIUM. 199 
 
 fronte cano-micante, pedibus ferrugineis, femoribus supra fusco-lineatis, 
 posticis unispinosis, coxis pallido-pubescentibus, antennis thorace longiori- 
 bus, arista brevissima, appendicibus externis hypopygio longioribus basi 
 lobatis, Mas. Long. 1 ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Metallic blackish-green ; front glossed with white. Face silvery- white. 
 Antennae longer than the thorax, the third joint strap-shaped, a little 
 attenuated at the tip, the arista little longer than that joint is broad. 
 Wings brownish-hyaline. Inner appendages spathulated, nearly naked ; 
 outer ones twice as long, linear, but at the base above abruptly dilated 
 into an obtuse lobe. Legs dingy ferruginous ; the posterior coxae and 
 the base of the fore pair grey, the bristles outside as well as the 
 ffubescence pale ; the upper edge of the femora, and the tarsi except at 
 the base, blackish-brown ; the fore metatarsus very slightly dilated at 
 the tip ; the hind femora with a spine in front near the tip. 
 
 Yery rare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 
 
 9. brevicorne, Ct. b. e. 568. 3 (1835). dissectum,Lw. Obscure 
 ceneum, fronte cano-micante, pedibus f err ugineis, coxis pallido-pubescenti- 
 bus, tibiis anticis intus et femoribus posticis apice unispinosis ; Mas. 
 antennis thorace paulo brevioribus, arista brevi, femoribus supra tibiis 
 tarsisque posticis nigricantibus, appendicibus hypopygii externis brevibus 
 bis geminis. Long. 1-1|- ; alar. 2^~3|- lin. 
 
 Dark brassy ; front glossed with white. Face silvery-white in male, 
 dull whitish in female. Antennas of the male scarcely as long as the 
 thorax, third joint elongate conic, half as long again as the arista. 
 Wings brownish-hyaline. Outer appendages short, each divided into 
 two oblong obovate lobes, of which the inner is the smaller ; inner 
 appendages very short, scarcely apparent, naked, subulate, curved, 
 nearly meeting at the points. Legs dark ferruginous ; posterior coxae 
 and the base of the fore pair blackish-grey, with the pubescence and 
 bristles pale ; anterior femora with a dusky stripe towards the base, the 
 hind pair with a small spine in front near the tip, and in the male 
 blackish on the upper edge ; the tarsi blackish, as also the hind tibiae 
 of the male ; the anterior metatarsi ferruginous ; the fore tibia, besides 
 the usual three small spines outside, has one inside (about the middle, 
 and rather towards the back), which in the male is stronger, and fol- 
 lowed by a row of finer hairs. 
 
 Bather rare. (E. I.) 
 
 10. nemorum, Mg. zw. vi. 359. 10 (1830); Lw. nigripes, Mq. 
 laticorne, Fin. var. ; Ztt. Obscure ceneum, opacum, femoribus posticis 
 unispinosis, tibiis anticis bipectinatis ; Mas. antennis thorace parum 
 brevioribus, arista brevi, pedibus nigris, tibiis anterioribus flavidis, 
 coxis intermediis calcaratis, tarsi antici articulis duobus primis subaequi- 
 longis, hypopygii appendicibus externis elongatis apice attenuatis, hypo- 
 stomate argenteo ; Fcem. femoribus tibiisque flavidis. Long. If ; alar. 
 3i lin. 
 
200 DOLICHOPID^E. 
 
 Dark brassy, not shining. Face silvery-white in male, face and front 
 grey in the female. Antennae with the third joint elongated lanceolate 
 in the male, and the arista scarcely half its length, but in the female 
 half as long again as the antenna. Wings brownish-hyaline. Outer 
 appendages of hypopygium long, slender, but dilated at the base to 
 about a third of their length and forming an angle ; inner ones ending 
 in a short pale spine, and a little dilated before the tip. Hind legs of 
 the male entirely black ; in the others the tip of the femora, the tibiae, 
 and the base of the tarsi yellowish ; the middle femora fringed beneath 
 with white hairs, the fore pair with a few long hairs at the base only ; the 
 middle coxae with a long spur ; the first two joints of the fore tarsus 
 nearly equal in length, compressed, the metatarsus hairy above ; in the 
 female the femora yellow, the anterior ones blackish at the base, the 
 hind pair slightly so at the tip, and all the tibiae yellow ; the fore tibiae 
 are strongly bipectinated, the hind femora have a single spine in front 
 near the tip. 
 
 Not uncommon. (E. I.) 
 
 11. gravipes, (Hal. MSS.) Obscure aneum, opacum, hypostomate 
 albo, pedibus nigris, femoribus posticis unispinosis, tibiis anterioribus 
 flavidis, metatarso antico apice dilatato, hypopygii appendicibus externis 
 linearibus elongatis, Mas. Long. 2-^- ; alar. 5 Mn. 
 
 Male. Dark brassy, not shining. Face white. Antenna) as long 
 as the arista. Thorax with the two black stripes rather marked. 
 Wings brownish-hyaline. Outer appendages of the hypopygium linear, 
 hairy, dark rust-brown, nearly twice as long as the inner ones, which 
 are straight, parallel, not dilated. Anterior tibiae, with the tip of the 
 femora and the base of the tarsi, yellow ; spines of the fore tibia not 
 numerous ; first joint of the fore tarsus nearly as long as the rest 
 together, compressed and dilated at the tip ; the middle tarsi very 
 slightly and gradually dilated at the tip. Hind legs black, femora with 
 a single spine ; metatarsus with a short spine above near the middle. 
 Rh. confine, Ztt., seems to differ, having the second pair of legs yellow, 
 with only the last joint of the tarsus black and strongly dilated, and 
 probably the hind femora unarmed. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Walker's collection. (E.) 
 
 12. antennatum, Carlier ann. soc. ent.fr. iv. 659 (1835); Lw. 
 Viridi-ceneum, pedibus flams, genubus tibiis tarsisque posticis nigricanti- 
 bus, femoribus posticis unispinosis; Mas. arista capitata, hypopygii 
 appendicibus externis apice attenuatis, hypostomate argenteo. Long. If ; 
 alar. 3-i lin. 
 
 Brassy-green. Face silvery-white in male, dull whitish in female. 
 Arista longer than the antennae, with the tip enlarged into an oval plate 
 in tJie male. Wings smoky -hyaline. Outer appendages of the hypopy- 
 gium much longer than the inner, dingy yellow, pretty broad towards 
 the base, gradually attenuated and almost pointed at the tip ; inner 
 
RHAPHIUM. 201 
 
 ones a little dilated before the tip, ending in a very minute straight 
 pale bristle. Legs and fore coxae pale yellowish ; the upper edge of the 
 fore and the tip of the hind femora, the hind tibia (except at the base) 
 and the tarsi blackish-brown. In the male the middle coxae have a long 
 black spur ; the fore femora are clothed with pale hairs behind ; the 
 fore tibia3 slightly curved, with the spines outside not numerous ; the 
 fore metatarsus yellow, a little dilated at the tip, as long as the follow- 
 ing four joints together. 
 Very rare. (E.) 
 
 13. fulvipes, Mg. zw. 151. 17 (1838). ^, Mg. ; Hal. 
 consobrinum, Ztt. Obscure aneum, opacum, femoribus apice plurispi- 
 nosis; Mas. hypostomate albo, pedibus fuscis/tibiis flavidis, posticis 
 apice fuscis, femoribus anticis pectinatis, tarsi antici articulis duobus 
 primis sub&quilongis, hypopygii appendicibus externis brevibus apice dila- 
 tatis ; Fcem. femoribus tibiisque flavidis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4-j lin. 
 
 Dark brassy, not shining. Pace silvery-white in male, yellowish- 
 grey in female. Arista as long as the antenna in male, more than twice 
 as long in female. Wings dark hyaline. Inner appendages of hypopy- 
 gium parallel, pointed ; outer ones much shorter, dilated at tJie tip, 
 triangular, blackish-brown. Coxae dusky, the middle pair without a 
 spur ; femora dusky in the male, the anterior ones yellowish at the tip, 
 the fore pair strongly pectinated beneath ; yellow in the female, the 
 fore pair sometimes a little dusky at the base beneath ; the posterior 
 ones with two spines in front near the tip ; tibiae yellow, the hind pair 
 somewhat dusky at the tip in the male, scarcely so at the base, the fore 
 pair moderately spinous outside ; hind tarsi blackish, the others yellow- 
 ish, with the tips dusky ; the first two joints of the fore tarsus com- 
 pressed in male, the first hairy, scarcely longer than the second, which 
 is a little gibbous at the base beneath ; in the female the first is nearly 
 twice as long as the second. 
 
 Common on the sea-coast. (E. S. I.) 
 
 14. elegant-alum, Mg. zw. iv. 51. 12 (1824); Ztt.; Lw. TO- 
 soni, Ct. ! Viridi-aneum, nitidum, pedibus luteis, posticorum femoribus 
 et tibiis apice tarsisque nigricantibus, femoribus apice plurispinosis ; Mas. 
 hypostomate argenteo, abdominis segmento sexto cyaneo, hypopygii appen- 
 dicibus externis elongatis attenuatis. Long. 3 ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Brassy-green, sliining. Face silvery in male, yellowish-white in female. 
 Arista longer than the antennae. Wings brownish-hyaline. In the male 
 the sixth segment of the abdomen blue, the outer appendages of the hypo- 
 pygium much longer than the inner ones, and attenuated towards the 
 tip, inner ones compressed, oblong, obtuse, twisted at the tip. Femora, 
 tibiae, and anterior metatarsi yellow, hind femora and tibia blackish at the 
 tip, especially in the male, all the tibiae pretty strongly spiny, and the 
 femora with several spines about the tip. In the male the middle coxae 
 have a short black spur, the hind pair a slighter one ; the fore metatar- 
 
 2 D 
 
202 DOLICHOPID^E. 
 
 sus is compressed and dilated at the tip, nearly as long as the following 
 joints together. 
 
 Not common about ponds. (E. S. I.) 
 
 15. crassipes, Mg. zw. iv. 50. 10(1824); Mq.; Ztt.; Lw. Ob- 
 scure fsneum, hypostomate argenteo, pedibus anticis flavis, femorum basi 
 nigra, metatarso apice dilatato, intermediis Jlavis, articulis tarsi duobus 
 ultimis dilatatis atris, posticis nigris femore mutico, hypopygii appendici- 
 bus externis elongatis /wrap's, Mas. Long. 2-|; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Male. Dark brassy. Face silvery-white. Antenna3 shorter than the 
 arista. Wings smoky-hyaline, dilated in the middle, the hind edge 
 sinuated, subapical vein strongly curved rather beyond the middle. 
 Outer appendages of the hypopygium very long, slender, dingy yellow, 
 forked about the middle, with the upper branch short ; inner appen- 
 dages slender, curved, setaceous, pale. Anterior legs yellow ; the fore 
 femora, sometimes also the middle pair, blackish at the base ; fore tibia? 
 with very slight and few spines ; fore tarsus shorter than the tibia, the 
 first joint longer than the rest together, compressed and dilated at the 
 tip, the exterior joints dusky ; middle tarsi with the last two joints di- 
 lated, deep black, the last one oval. Hind legs long and stout, black ; 
 femora unarmed, sometimes yellowish at the base ; the tibia? with very 
 few and slight spines. The female is described as having the femora 
 yellow, the base of the fore and the tip of the hind pair usually blackish ; 
 differing from some nearly allied ones (as of species 16) by the longer, 
 hind legs. 
 
 Bare. (E. I.) 
 
 16. commune, Mg. ! zw. iv. 52. 13 (1824). spinicoxum, Lw. Ob- 
 scure viridi-csneum, femoribus posticis muticis ; Mas. capite pedibusque 
 nigris, tibiis ferruginosis, posticis basi et apice nigris, anticis crebro bi- 
 pectinatis, metatarso antico longissimo apice hirto, appendicibus externis 
 hypopygii furcatis ; Fcem. femoribus tibiisque flavidis, femoribus ante- 
 rioribus basi subtus, posticis apice supra fuscis. Long. 2^ ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Dark brassy-green, not shining. Face and beard black in the male ; 
 in the female the face yellowish-grey, and the front glossed with the 
 same. Arista nearly half as long again as the antennas in male, three 
 time as long in the female. Wings brownish-hyaline, darker in female. 
 Alula? fringed with black in male. Inner appendages of hypopygium 
 rather slender, parallel, at the tip pointed and hooked, at the base en- 
 larged into a tooth ; outer ones one-half longer, gradually dilated from 
 the base, forked before the middle, the upper branch about one-third 
 the length of the lower. Legs of the male black, the coxa? and femora 
 (the fore pair behind, the others beneath) clothed with black hair, hind 
 femora unarmed, the middle coxa? with a short black spur ; anterior 
 tibia? brownish, the fore pair strongly and rather thickly bipectinated, 
 the hind tibia? dingy yellow, with the base and tip blackish ; anterior 
 tarsi brownish at the base, the fore metatarsus longer than the following 
 
 
RHAPHIUM. 203 
 
 joints together, hairy towards tJie tip outside, but not dilated. In the 
 female the pubescence of the coxa3 is pale, the femora and tibiae yel- 
 low, the anterior or at least the fore femora at the base beneath, 'the 
 hind pair at the tip above dusky, the hind tibiae have the extreme base 
 dusky ; the anterior tarsi yellowish, with the tip dusky ; the metatarsus 
 of the fore pair as long as all the following joints together. As there is 
 no other species noticed by Loew which answers more nearly to Mei- 
 gen's description, it seems most probable that the latter was mistaken 
 as to the colour of the narrow face of the male which he had in view. 
 
 Not rare. (E.S.I.) 
 
 17. fascipes, Mg. iv. 54. 20 (1824); Ztt.; Lw. latipes, Mq. - 
 insulsum, Hal. Obscure viridi-eeneum, pedibus nigris, tibiis anterioribus 
 flavidis, posticis albidis basi apiceque nigris, femoribus posticis muticis ; 
 Mas. capite nigro, tibiis posticis apice valde dilatatis, appendicibus hypo- 
 pygii externis integris elongatis, internis inconspicuis ; Foem. femoribus 
 posticis basi flavidis. Long. 2i ; alar. 4-g- lin. 
 
 Dark brassy-green, not shining. Face and beard black in male. In 
 the female the face is dingy white, and the front and thorax have a 
 yellowish-grey tarnish. Arista as long as the antenna in male, more 
 than twice as long in the female. Wings dark hyaline, more brownish 
 in female. Fringe of the alula3 black in male. Inner appendages of 
 the hypopygium very short, triangular, not visible externally ; outer 
 ones long, rather broad towards the base, much attenuated towards the 
 tip, undivided. Legs olive-black, the tip of the femora, the tibia3 and 
 the tarsi yellowish in the anterior pairs, the tarsi dusky at the tip ; the 
 base of the hind femora yellowish in the female ; the hind tibia yellowish- 
 white, black at the base and from the middle to the tip, much com- 
 pressed and dilated towards the tip in the male. 
 
 Not rare. (E. I.) 
 
 The remaining species form a peculiar group, with the long 
 and slender tip of the second joint of the antennae received into 
 a deep notch in the base of the third joint : this is elongated in 
 the male, and begins to taper to a point at some distance from 
 the base ; in the female it is short and nearly triangular ; the 
 arista, which is seated at the tip of it, or a little before, is usually 
 short in the male, but much longer than the antennae in the 
 female, with the last joint deflected. The face, narrow in the male, 
 broad in the female, rather concave above and elevated towards 
 the mouth, is glossed with white; the cilia of the lower orbit 
 whitish, with but few hairs behind them ; the proboscis not very 
 prominent even in the female. The scutellum with two long 
 bristles, the prosternum unarmed. The discal transverse vein is 
 distant, .usually by little more than its own length from the hind 
 margin, and not very far beyond it the subapical vein is very 
 
204 DOLICHOPID.E. 
 
 faintly sinuated. The alulae have the tip blackish and the fringe 
 mostly pale. The abdomen in the male of six segments, behind 
 compressed, the small hypopygium without any long appendages ; 
 in the female of five segments, depressed, conical ; the anterior 
 segments with the hind margin ciliated towards the sides. The 
 hind coxse, and sometimes the middle pair also, have a black 
 bristle outside, the posterior femora one at least in front near 
 the tip ; the fore tibiae have scarcely more than a single spine or 
 bristle outside, but often appear minutely pectinated in the 
 apical half, one outside row of the pubescence being lengthened 
 there, which is particularly observable in species 21-23 ; the hind 
 metatarsus is nearly the same length as the following joint, and 
 is usually armed in some peculiar way beneath in the male, except 
 species 22. 
 
 18. denticulatum, Ztt. d. s. 478. 19 (1843). biseriatum, Lw. 
 Obscure ceneum, femoribus apice tibiisque ferrugineis ; Mas. metatarso 
 
 postico subtus denticulis binis acutis aduncis. Long. If ; alar. 3 J lin. 
 
 Dull brassy, not shining. Antenna? of the male scarcely half as long- 
 as the thorax ; arista as long as the antenna?. The tip of the femora, 
 the middle pair more largely, the tibia? and the base of the anterior 
 metatarsi usually ferruginous ; but the extent of this, as well as the 
 shade, variable ; intermediate femora with a double row of short spines 
 beneath; hind metatarsus armed beneath before the middle with two 
 pointed and somewhat curved teeth. 
 
 Eare. In Mr. Walker's collection. (E.) 
 
 19. Zelleri, Lw. e. z. xi. 121. 21 (1850). Obscure aneum, femo- 
 ribus apice tibiisque ferrugineis ; Mas. metatarso antico apice dilatato, 
 metatarso postico basi subtus dente adunco lamellis appendiculato. Long. 
 li ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Dull brassy. Antenna? of male somewhat shorter than the thorax, 
 arista half as long as the antenna?. The tip of the femora, the middle 
 pair more largely, the tibia? and the base of the anterior metatarsi 
 ferruginous, the hind tibia? black at the tip, sometimes to nearly half 
 their length ; the fore metatarsus dilated at the tip ; the hind metatarsus 
 armed at the base beneath with a hooked tooth, accompanied by two pale 
 foliaceous appendages, and both this and the following joint are hairy 
 in front. In the female described by Loew, the tibia? are entirely 
 ferruginous, the femora more largely so than in the male, the hind pair 
 having only the under edge at the base and the tip blackish. 
 
 Yery rare. (E. I.) 
 
 20. pallipes, Fb. e. s. iv. 340. 16 (1794); Mg. ; Mq.; Lw. 
 Jiamatum, Ztt. Firidi-aeneum, fronte cyanea, pedibus tlavis ; Mas. meta- 
 tarso postico basi subtus dente adunco bicuspide. Long. 1J; alar. 3^ lin. 
 
BHAPHIUM. 205 
 
 Brassy-green. Front bluish. Antennae of the male rather shorter 
 than the thorax, arista half as long as the third joint. Second and 
 third segments of the abdomen often yellow at the sides, as well as 
 beneath. Femora and tibiae, fore coxae, anterior metatarsi, and base of 
 the hind pair, yellow. Hind legs stouter in the male, with the tibiae 
 and the tip of the femora more spiny, the metatarsus hairy in front 
 and armed at the base beneath with a hooked tooth, divided at the tip into 
 two points ; the femora usually blackish at the tip, sometimes the tibiae 
 also, this colour again extending more largely over them, and occupying 
 the entire tarsus ; and as it spreads the pubescence and spines of the 
 hind legs also become more abundant. 
 
 Generally diffused and abundant. (E. S. I.) 
 
 21. monile, (Hal. MSS.) Viridi-ceneum, fronte cyanea, pedibus 
 flavis, tarsis intermediis apice dilatatis, metatarso postico basi subtus dente 
 adunco setis appendiculato, Mas. Long. 1 ; alar. 2i lin. 
 
 Brassy-green. Front bluish. Antennae half as long as the thorax ; 
 arista nearly as long as the antennae. Wings narrowed towards the 
 base. Abdomen with the second segment usually yellowish beneath 
 and at the sides. Legs and fore coxae yellow j tarsi and hind femora 
 dusky at the tip ; fore metatarsus slightly dilated at the tip, last two 
 joints of the middle tarsi dilated; hind metatarsus armed at the base 
 beneath with a sharp hooked tooth, fringed with some short curved bristles. 
 
 Bare. (E.I.) 
 
 22. pumilum, Mg. zw. iv. 53. 17 (1824); Mq. ; Hal. longiseta, 
 Ztt. ; Lw. Obscure ceneum, fronte cyanea, pedibus flavis, femoribus 
 anticis basi fuscis ; Mas. femoribus anterioribus basi setigeris, tarsi 
 antici articulo secundo dilatato. Long. 1; alar. 2^ lin. 
 
 Dark brassy-green. Front blue. Antennae of the male shorter than 
 the thorax, the third joint notched inside only, arista more than half as 
 long as the antennae. Wings of the male narrowed towards the base. 
 Fringe of the alulae dusky. Femora, tibiae, and anterior metatarsi, 
 with the base of the hind pair, yellowish ; fore femora dusky at the 
 base. In the male the anterior femora have a few long bristles at the 
 base beneath, the hind pair are a little dusky at the tip, the Jirst joint 
 of the fore tarsus is longer than all the rest, the second dilated into a 
 tooth below, and the first joint of the middle tarsi has a few short 
 spines beneath. 
 
 Not rare. (E. S. I.) 
 
 23. tarsatum, Fin. dol. 7. 4 (1823) ; Ztt.palmipes, Mg. ; Mq. 
 Obscure ceneum, fronte cyanea, abdomine subtus coxis pedibusque flams ; 
 Mas. tarsis intermediis tibiisque posticis apice dilatatis atris, metatarso 
 postico subtus spinis duabus imparibus. Long, l-i ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Dull brassy. Front usually bluish. Antennae of the male a little 
 shorter than the thorax, the third joint oblong, with the tip obliquely 
 truncated and pointed above, the arista inserted before the tip and 
 
206 DOLICHOPIDJE. 
 
 shorter than the antennae. Fringe of the alulae dusky. Abdomen 
 beneath yellowish, this colour also shining through more dimly above 
 in some of the segments after the first, the hind margin of which is 
 strongly ciliated. The legs with all the coxae yellow, the tarsi dusky at 
 the tip. In the male the intermediate femora pectinated beneath ; the 
 third and fourth joints of the middle tarsi much dilated, and black, as 
 well as the fifth joint and the gradually dilated apex of the second ; 
 the hind tibia with the tip dilated, black ; the hind metatarsus rather 
 broad, armed beneath a little beyond the middle with two spines, one of 
 which is longer and bent. 
 Bare. (E. I.) 
 
 Genus IX. MACHJERIUM. 
 MACH^ERIUM, Hal. z. j. v. 351 (1831). Rhaphium p., Lw. 
 
 Antenna articulo secundo transverso, tertio elongato attenuato, basi 
 abrupte dilatato ; arista apicali. Hypostoma latum. Proboscis 
 obtusa. Abdomen segmentis guingue, hypopygio maris recondito. 
 Antenna with the second joint transverse, the third elongated attenu- 
 ated, abruptly dilated at the base, the arista apical. Face broad in both 
 sexes. Proboscis protuberant, obtuse, with large palpi. Abdomen of 
 five segments in both sexes, the hypopygium of the male almost concealed. 
 Loew has comprised in Rhaphiwm the single species for which 
 this genus was formed ; and, in fact, there are yet greater differ- 
 ences between some of the groups that remain united under the 
 former genus. 
 
 1. maritimse, Hal. z. j. v. 352 (1831) ; Lw. Viridi-aureum, 
 pedibus flavis, tarsis apice fuscis. Long. 2i ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Gilded-green, with a slight hoary tinge. Face and palpi glossed 
 with white. Antennae shorter than the thorax, third joint very long, 
 arista scarcely half as long as it. Scutellum with two, prosternum 
 with one long bristle, at each side. Wings hyaline ; discal transverse 
 vein oblique, distant by more than its own length from the hind margin ; 
 subapical vein gently curved about the middle. Alulae and fringe pale. 
 Abdomen conical, depressed, the fifth segment a little compressed 
 beneath in the male, embracing and almost concealing the small hypo- 
 pygium, the appendages of which are slight and not apparent externally. 
 The pubescence of the abdomen and legs strong and black. Legs 
 rather short ; coxae with some black bristles, fore pair more hairy ; 
 femora, tibiae, and base of tarsi yellow ; all the tibiae spiny ; hind 
 metatarsus rather longer than the following joint. In the male the fore 
 tarsus is rather longer, with larger onychia. 
 
 Common in sea-side marshes. (E. I.) 
 
ARGYRA. 207 
 
 Genus X. ARGYRA. 
 
 ARGYRA, Mq. d. i. 456 (1834) ; Mg. vii. Torphyrops p., Mg. ; Ct. ; 
 Hal. Dolichopus p., Fb. s. a. ; Fin. ; Ztt. Musca p., Fb. ; Dnvn. 
 
 Antenna arliculo secundo oblique producto supra basim tertii, tertio 
 
 apice attenuate; arista ante apicem aut apicali. Oculifronte distantes. 
 
 Ala laics, vena subcostali costam dimidiam accedente. Hypopygium 
 
 marls immersum, lamellis geminis deflexis. 
 
 Antenna with the first joint usually pubescent above, as in Dolicho- 
 pus (except species 6) ; second joint obliquely lengtJiened over the base of 
 the third, which tapers to a point and bears the arista before the tip or 
 close to it ; the third joint is usually elongated, and the arista shorter, 
 in the male. Jfyes pubescent, distant on the front. Face narrow in 
 the male, broad in the female ; lower occiput clothed with a soft beard 
 of the same colour as the face. Proboscis very small in male, promi- 
 nent in female, obtuse. Scutellum with two long bristles at each side, 
 the disc flat and naked (except species 2). Prosternum a little hairy 
 at each side, without spines (except species 2). Wings broad, not 
 narrower at the anal angle, the subcostal vein longer than usual, ending 
 nearly opposite the tip of the discal areolet (except species 7) ; discal 
 transverse vein distant by nearly twice its own length from the hind 
 margin. Alula3 with a long fringe and usually edged with black 
 (except species 1). Abdomen of five segments, conical, depressed in 
 female ; in male of six segments, less attenuated behind, and rounded 
 at the tip, where the short subglobose hypopygium is imbedded, which 
 bears below a pair of small deflected lamellaB connected at the base, 
 and ends with a short forceps closely applied to the ventral cavity. In 
 species 7 alone the abdomen of the male is decidedly compressed. 
 The coxa3 all with black bristles or hairs ; posterior femora with one 
 or two spines near the tip ; fore tibias usually with very few spines, in 
 species 2 more numerous (as in the posterior pairs) and in a double 
 row ; hind metatarsus usually rather shorter than the following joint, 
 equal to it in species 2, longer in species 1 ; the other metatarsi elon- 
 gated, the fore one often longer than all the other joints together in the 
 males. Most of the species have a silvery gloss, most decided on the 
 abdomen of the male ; the abdomen besides is usually pale at the base 
 beneath, and at the sides of the second and some of the following 
 segments. The last group of the genus Ehaphium might be better 
 combined with the present genus, on account of the structure of the 
 antennas in particular, to which there is an approach apparent in 
 A. vestita. 
 
 The British species may be arranged as follows : 
 
 a. First joint of the antennas pubescent above. 
 b. Scutellum pubescent. Species 2. 
 b b. Scutellum naked on the disc. 
 
208 DOLICHOPIDjE. 
 
 c. Alulas entirely pale. Species 1. 
 c c. Alulae edged with black. 
 
 d. Thorax bright green above. Species 7. 
 
 d d. Thorax with a whitish coat. Species 3-5. 
 a a. First joint of the antennas naked. Species 6. 
 
 1. confinis, Ztt. d. s. 3090 (1849). Thorace aureo-viridi, alulis 
 pallidis, metatarso postico spinuloso articulum secundum superante, capile 
 nigro, Mas. ; aut albicante, Fcem. Long. 2^- ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Gilded-green. Head black in male, whitish in female. Antennae of 
 male but little elongated. Alula not edged with black ; the fringe pale. 
 Abdomen of male silvery, with the sides of the second and base of the 
 third segment yellow ; in the female the first segment and the sides of 
 the second tawny-yellow. Legs yellow; middle coxa3 grey outside; 
 tarsi dusky at the tip ; hind metatarsus longer than the following joint, 
 and armed with some short spines, more evident in the male, in which 
 also the tip of the hind femora and tibiae is dusky. 
 
 Yery rare. In Mr. Walker's collection. (E.) 
 
 2. diaphana, Fb. mnt. ii. 349. 82 (1787); Mg. ! Mq.; Ztt. 
 pellucens, Fin. hirtipes, Ct. Foem. versicolor, Mg. Thorace obscure 
 viridi, scutello pubescente, capite nigro, Mas.; aut albicante, Fcem. Long. 
 3 ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Head black in male, whitish in female. Antennas elongated in male, 
 arista apical in female. Thorax blackish-green (male) or dull brassy 
 (female), with but little of a hoary shade above; scutellum pubescent ; 
 prostenium with three spines at each side. Subapical vein of the wing 
 very strongly sinuated. Alulae with broad black edge and black fringe. 
 Abdomen of male blackish, with silvery gloss, and a pale transparent 
 spot at each side of the second and third segments ; abdomen of female 
 dull brassy, with a shifting hoary gloss at the sides. Femora of the 
 male nearly black, anterior ones very hairy ; of the female yellowish, the 
 base of the anterior ones and the tip of the hind pair blackish ; tibiae 
 yellow, all of them spiny, the hind pair blackish at the tip ; anterior 
 tarsi yellow, dusky at the tip, hind pair entirely dusky ; fore metatar- 
 sus ciliated beneath in the male. 
 
 Not rare. (E. S. I.) 
 
 3. leucocephala, Mg. zw. iv. 49. 8 (1824); Mq.; Ztt. ^ 
 Hal. TJwrace viridi-incano, alulis nigro-ciliatis, capite nigro, Mas. ; aut 
 albicante, Fcem. Long. 3 ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Head black in male, whituh in female. Antennae of male but little 
 elongated, half as long as the arista. Thorax green, with a hoary coat. 
 Alula with black edge and fringe. Abdomen of male silvery, with a 
 pale transparent spot at each side of the second, third, and often of the 
 fourth segment ; in female brassy-green with a yellow spot at each side 
 of the second segment. Femora dusky in male ; in female yellow with 
 
ARGYRA. 209 
 
 the tip of the hind pair dusky ; tibiae yellow, hind pair dusky at the 
 tip ; anterior tarsi yellow, with the tip dusky, hind pair dusky. 
 Common. (E. S. I.) 
 
 4. argentata, Mq. d. i. 457. 2 (1834) ; m.argyrea, Mg. Tho- 
 race viridi albo-induto, alulis fusco-ciliatis, capite albicante, Mas. Long. 
 2f; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Head silvery-white. Thorax green with a white coat. Alula edged 
 with black, the fringe brownish, in some lights shifting to pale yellow. 
 Abdomen silvery, with a pale transparent spot at each side of the 
 second, third, and often of the fourth segment. Femora blackish ; 
 tibiae yellow, the hind pair blackish at the tip ; anterior tarsi yellow, 
 dusky at the tip, hind pair dusky. The female is not known with cer- 
 tainty, but probably differs from that of the preceding chiefly by the 
 short arista and yellowish fringe of the alulae, and from that of the 
 following by the fore coxae and the tip of the hind femora being dusky. 
 
 Bare. (E. I.) 
 
 5. argentina, Mg. zw. iv. 47. 3 (1824); Mq. ; Ztt. semiargen- 
 tella, Dnvn. ! Thorace viridi albo-induto, alulis pallido-ciliatis, capite 
 albicante, coxis anticis femoribus tibiisque Jlavis. Long. 2-2^ ; alar. 
 4-5 lin. 
 
 Head white, silvery in male. Antennae of the length of the arista in 
 the male. Thorax green with a white coat. Alulae with black edge and 
 pale fringe. Abdomen in male silvery, with a pale transparent spot at 
 each side of the second, third, and often of the fourth segment ; in the 
 female brassy-green, with only the second segment spotted. Fore coxae, 
 the femora, tibia, and base of the anterior tarsi pale yellow, the hind 
 femora often dusky at the tip in the male. 
 
 Common. (E. S. I.) 
 
 6. vestita, Wd. z. m. ii. 75. 24 (1818); Fin.; Mg.; Mq.; Ztt. 
 Viridis, capite albicante, anlennarum articulo primo nudo ; Mas. abdomi- 
 nis segmentis intermediis argentei immaculatis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Shining green. Head white. Antennae with the first joint naked, 
 the third joint longer than the arista in the male. Alulae with black 
 edge and pale fringe. Second to Jifth segments of abdomen in the male 
 silvery, without lateral spots, the sixth blackish. Fore coxae, the femora, 
 tibiae, and base of anterior tarsi yellow, hind femora dusky at the tip, 
 sometimes also the fore coxae and the base of the anterior femora of 
 the male. 
 
 Not rare. (E. S. I.) 
 
 7. elongate, Ztt. d. s. 594. 82 (1843). Thorace viridi nitido, 
 alulis nigro-ciliatis, hypostomate albo. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Shining green. Face white. Antennae of the male with all the joints 
 elongated, and the arista short. Wings with the subcostal vein not 
 elongated as usual in this genus ; the subapical but faintly curved, 
 parallel with the cubital. Alula with a narrow black edge and black 
 
 VOL. I. 2 E 
 
210 DOLTCHOPID^E. 
 
 fringe. Abdomen of the male compressed, the second and third seg- 
 ments yellow, except the hind margin ; in the female only the second 
 segment yellow, forming a band slightly interrupted. Fore coxae, the 
 femora, tibias, and anterior metatarsi yellow, hind femora and tibia3 
 blackish at the tip. 
 Very rare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (S.) 
 
 Genus XI. PORPHYROPS. 
 
 PORPHYROPS p., Mg. zw. iv. (1824). Medeterm p., Mq. ; Mg. Ar- 
 gyra p., Mg. Dolichopus p., Fb. s. a. ; Dml. ; Fin. ; Ztt. Musca 
 p., Fb. 
 
 Antennae articulo tertio apice attenuate ; arista dorsali. Alee vena sub- 
 costali costce trientem vix superante, transversa a margine alee distante. 
 Abdomen subcylindricum aut compressiusculum, segmento secundo primi 
 longitudinem super ante, hypopygio mans brevi, in apice abdominis plus 
 minusve immerso. 
 
 Antennce with the first joint naked, the third joint attenuated to the 
 tip, usually broader than long ; the arista placed on the upper edge and 
 seldom far from the base of it. Eyes distant on the front ; face narrow 
 in the male, the eyes even meeting in some. Proboscis short, obtuse. 
 Wings with the subcostal vein not continued much beyond one-third of the 
 costal margin, ending, therefore, more nearly opposite the middle, than the 
 tip of the discal areolet ; discal transverse vein distant from the hind 
 margin by more than its own length, often by twice that. Abdomen some- 
 what cylindrical, or compressed, in the male at least ; with the hypopy- 
 gium short, more or less imbedded in the tip of the abdomen, varying much 
 in size ; the second segment of the abdomen longer than the first. The 
 spines of the posterior tibiaB usually few, often very slight, and the fore 
 pair usually almost unarmed. 
 
 This genus is retained in order to receive the species with the 
 third joint of the antennse somewhat angular at the tip, and the 
 arista dorsal, which have not the hypopygium so much developed 
 as in Dolichopus, while they are excluded from Hydrophorus by 
 the distance of the transverse vein from the margin, from Camp- 
 sicnemus by the form of the abdomen and the proportions of the 
 segments, and from Argyra as having neither the subcostal vein 
 of the wings elongated, nor the first joint of the antennae pubes- 
 cent. They have, therefore, not many positive distinctive cha- 
 racters in common. P. aulicus would find a more natural place in 
 the group with which the genus Rhaphium ends, while P.flaviven- 
 tris has some likeness to a Sybistroma. 
 
PORPHYROPS. 211 
 
 1. pallidus, Fin. dol. 21. 29 (1823); Ztt. Ferrugineus, antennis 
 brevissimis concoloribus, capite albido, pedibus pallide flavis, tarsis apice 
 fuscis, alls hyalinis, vena prabrachiali leviter flexa ; Mas. angustior, 
 hypostomate angusto, ano crasso atro nitido, appendicibus tribus, qua- 
 rum duabus interioribus subdentiformibus, ultima magna rotundata 
 tumida ; Fcem. hypostomate nonnihil latiore, ano simplici. Long. 3 ; 
 alar. 5^ lin. 
 
 Ferruginous. Face and front whitish. Middle of the metathorax and 
 the mesosternum dusky. Hypopygium of the male black, preceded by a 
 dusky band of the fourth segment. Legs long, pale yellow ; tarsi dusky 
 towards the tip ; femora unarmed; posterior tibia finely spiny ', posterior 
 metatarsi more slightly so beneath. 
 
 Eare. In Mr. Dale's collection (E.) 
 
 2. suturalis, Fin. dol. 21. 32 (1823); Mg. ; Ztt. Capite thora- 
 ceque cinereis, antennis brevissimis, scutello abdomineque flavis, incisuris 
 angustis fuscis, pedibus pallidis, alis subhyalinis basi angustissimis, 
 vena pr&brachiali quarta parum subarcuata in summo apice excurrente, 
 cubitalique parallelis, transversa pone medium alae sita ; Mas. hyposto- 
 mate angustissimo argenteo, ani clava deflexa nigra, alis subpetiolatis, 
 tarsis vix infuscatis ; Fcem. hypostomate latiore cano, ano simplici flavo, 
 alis basi minus angustatis, tarsis apice fuscis. Long. 2^ ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Head cinereous. Face white. Antennae yellow. Thorax cinereous -, 
 scutellum yellow. TTings darker at the fore edge, narrowed at the base, 
 almost petiolated in the male, the subapical and cubital veins nearly 
 parallel. Abdomen yellow, with dusky incisures forming narrow trans- 
 verse lines, more distinct in the female. Hypopygium of the male 
 black. Legs pale yellow ; tarsi dusky towards the tip, more distinctly 
 so in the female. 
 
 Eare. In Mr. Dale's collection. (E.) 
 
 3. Erichsonii, Ztt. d. s. 613. 100 (1843). quadrifasciatus^.^ln. 
 Ferrugineus, antennis brevissimis concoloribus, capite albido, incisuris ab- 
 dominis nigricantibus, pedibus pallide flavis, alis hyalinis, vena prcebra- 
 chiali leviter flexa in apice excurrente, ibique cum cubitali paululum con- 
 vergente, transversa in medio alae sita. Long. 2^ ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Ferruginous. Face and front whitish. Eyes of the male meeting 
 below the antennae. Metathorax with only a dusky line down the 
 middle. Wings hyaline. Abdomen with blackish-brown incisures, which 
 are broader in the female. Hypopygium of the male black. Legs pale 
 yellow ; fore tarsi in the male short, with the metatarsus longer than 
 the other joints together. 
 
 Eare. In Messrs. Curtis's and Clifton's collections ? (E.) 
 
 4. quadrifasciatus, Fb. sp. 1. ii. 448. 69 (1781) ; Gm. Mg. ; 
 Mq. ; Fin. p. ; Ztt. -fasciatus, Dml. Capite cinereo, antennis brevissi- 
 mis, scutello abdomineque flavis, hoc fasciis quatuor nigricantibus, 
 pedibus pallide flavis, tarsorum articulis tertio et quarto apicalibus 
 
212 DOLICHOPIDjE. 
 
 plumatis atris, alls hyalinis, vena presbrachiali flexa in apice excnr- 
 rente, ibique cum cubitali paululum convergente, transversa in media alee 
 sita ; Mas. thorace cinereo vittis duabus obscurioribus, pedibus anticis 
 longissimis ; Fcem. thorace ferrugineo. Long. 2^ ; alar. 4-|- lin. 
 
 Head cinereous behind. Face and front white. Antennae yellow. 
 Thorax in the male cinereous above with two darker lines, in the female 
 ferruginous with sometimes a cinereous spot before the scutellum, which 
 is yellow, with the base dusky in the male. Metathorax entirely 
 cinereous. Wrings hyaline. Abdomen ferruginous, with the base of 
 the segments blackish, forming transverse bands, which in the female 
 are broader and notched behind at the middle so as to be almost 
 interrupted. Hypopygium of the male black. Legs pale yellow ; in 
 the male the first two joints of the fore tarsus very long and slender, the 
 rest short, the third and fourth dusky fringed at each side with black 
 bristles, tJw fifth joint whitish. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Halida/s collection. (E.) 
 
 5. aulicus, Mg. zw. iv. 48. 6 (1824) ; Ztt. Foem. vividus, Mg. 
 TJiorace aenescente, fronte cyanea, hypostomate albido, antennis capite 
 transverso paulo brevioribus nigris, abdomine ferrugineo, fasciis quatuor 
 obscuris, pedibus pallide flavis, tarsis fuscis, alis subhyalinis, prabra- 
 chiali levissime fiexa in summo apice excurrente, cubitalique subparallelis ; 
 Mas. hypostomate angustissimo argenteo, antennis capite paulo tantum 
 brevioribus, metatarso postico intus in medio subexciso et fasciculo 
 spinularum armato ; Fcem. hypostomate latiore cano, antennis capite 
 fere dimidio brevioribus, metatarso postico breviter pubescente simplici 
 et inermi. Long. 2-i- ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Head brassy-green, duller in the female. Front blue. Face white, 
 of the female hoary, concave under the antenna?. Antenna black; 
 third joint short, deeply notched at the base, receiving the tip of the 
 second ; arista defiected before the tip. Thorax brassy-green, dull in the 
 female ; scutellum bluish. Wings almost hyaline ; discal transverse vein 
 distant by little more than its own length from the hind margin. Alula 
 with a narrow black edge, the fringe yellowish in the male, blackish in 
 the female. Abdomen pale yellow with dusky incisures, transparent in 
 the male, with the small hypopygium not prominent ; in the female 
 usually brownish above. Legs pale yellow ; middle coxae grey outside ; 
 posterior femora with more than one spine about the tip ; tarsi dusky, 
 except the base ; hind metatarsus short, notched below in the male, with 
 a tuft of bristles before the notch. Allied to Rhaphium pallipes, &c., 
 more than to any other group, though the antennas are so short even in 
 the males. 
 
 Not rare. (E. I.) 
 
 6. bicolorellus, Ztt. d. s. 617. 104 (1843). Thoracis postici 
 impressi dorso nigro setoso, scutello fronteque virescentibus, hypostomate 
 albo, antennis brevissimis testaceis apice fuscis, abdomine pedibusque albo- 
 
PORPHYKOPS. 213 
 
 flavis, illofasciis tribus obscuris, alls hyalinis, venis prabrachiali et cubitali 
 parallelis, transversa in medio alae sita ; Mas. hypostomate angustissimo, 
 abdomine angusto cylindrico, ano rotundato vix incrassato ; Fcem. hy- 
 postomate latiore, abdomine subdepresso. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Head and thorax metallic green, the long bristles blackish. Face white. 
 Antennae yellow, with the tip dusky. Abdomen pale yellow, with the 
 posterior incisures dusky, forming usually three narrow bands. Hypopy- 
 gium of the male small. Legs and coxae very pale yellow. 
 
 Not common. In Mr. Halida/s collection. (E. 1.) 
 
 7. tenellus, Wd. z. m. ii. 73. 20 (1818); Mg. ; ^. 
 
 Ztt. Flavo-ferrugineus, thorace postico foveola viridi, fronte cana, 
 hypostomate albo, antennis brevissimis, ore subexserto pedibusque pallide 
 flavis, alls flavescenti-hyalinis, venis prabrachiali et cubitali versus 
 apicem subconvergentibus, transversa fere in medio alae sita; Mas. 
 hypostomate angustissimo, ano rotundato parum incrassato j Fcem. 
 hypostomate latiore, ano simplici. Long. \\; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Fellow, inclining to ferruginous. Face and front white. Antennae 
 often dusky at the tip. Thorax with a metallic green spot on the depressed 
 space before the scutellum, the long bristles ferruginous. Abdomen of tJie 
 male clavate, the hypopygium being thick and scarcely inflected. Legs 
 pale yellow, with the last joint dusky, the hind metatarsus rather longer 
 than the following joint. 
 
 Not common. In Mr. Halida/s collection. (E. I.) 
 
 8. ornatus, Hal. z. j. v. 358. 17 (1831). tenellus, Fin. p. ; Ztt. 
 Flavo-fer>rugineis, capite thoraceque supra viridibus, pedibus pallide flavis. 
 Long. 1^ ; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Yellow, inclining to ferruginous. Head and thorax metallic green 
 above, the long bristles ferruginous. Abdomen of the male clavate, 
 the abdomen being thick and scarcely inflected. Legs pale yellow ; 
 the hind metatarsus rather longer than the following joint. 
 
 Not common. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (E.) 
 
 9. flaviventris, Mg. zw. iv. 58. 28 (1824). bifasciellus, Ztt.? 
 Nigro-ceneus, thorace subtus flavescente, antennarum articulo tertio 
 elongato apice fulvescente, pedibus pallide flavis ; Mas. abdomine Jlaves- 
 cente basi et apice fusco, femoribus anticis subtus tibiisque anticis intus 
 ciliatis ; Foem. abdomine supra nigro-cupreo. Long, f ; alar. 1^ lin. 
 
 Brassy -black. Face white. Antenna with the third joint somewhat 
 tawny at the tip, elongated, triangular in the male, shorter in the female ; 
 arista near its base, long, the joints of nearly equal length in the male. 
 Thorax yellowish beneath. Fringe of alulse black. Abdomen of the 
 male yellowish, with the first segment and the last one dusky above, the 
 intermediate ones dark at the incisures. Abdomen of the female blackish- 
 bronze above. Appendages of the hypopygium short, nearly linear, 
 blackish. Legs and coxae pale yellow ; in the male the under side of the 
 
214 DOLICHOPID.E. 
 
 fore femora and the inside of the fore tibia ciliated; the other femora 
 more slightly so, and only towards the base. 
 
 Not common. In the collection of Mr. Haliday. (E. I.) 
 
 10. pulicarius, Fin. dol. 20.28 (1823); Ztt.annulipes, Mg. 
 pygmaus, Mq. cinerellus, Ztt. i. 1. 705. 88. Cinereo-viridis, parum 
 nitidus, fronte obscure anea, hypostomate albido, antennis brevibus nigris, 
 pedibus palHde flams, coxis cinereis anticis apice pallidis, femoribus 
 anticis in medio late posticisque apice fuscis, tarsis omnibus obscuris, 
 metatarsis anterioribus flamdis, alis subfuscis. Long, li ; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Greyish-green, hardly shining. Front somewhat brassy. Hypostoma 
 tohitish. Antenna short, black. Legs pale yellow ; coxa cinereous, fore 
 coxa with pale tips ; fore thigJis in the middle, hind thighs at the tips, 
 brown; tarsi dusky; anterior metatarsi yellowish. Wings slightly 
 brown. Male. Hypostoma very narrow, silvery. Antennae acute, a 
 little shorter than the head. Mouth withdrawn. Abdomen narrow, 
 compressed-cylindrical. Hind tarsi with the three first joints compressed, 
 the third fringed behind with long bristles. Fern. Hypostoma moderately 
 broad, whitish. Antennae oval, half the length of the head. Mouth 
 decumbent ; palpi pale. Abdomen compressed-conical. Tarsi bare. 
 
 Not common. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (E. I.) 
 
 11. cirripes, (Hal. .MSS.) Obscure aneus, pedibus nigris, alis 
 fuscanis ; Mas. tarsorum posticorum articulo tertio ciliato. Long. 1 ; 
 alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Dark brassy, not shining. Face white. Wings dusky. Abdomen of 
 the male somewhat compressed ; hypopygium small, without external 
 appendages. Legs black, femora slightly brassy, trochanters brownish. 
 In the male the first three joints of the hind tarsi compressed, the 
 third fringed behind with long bristles. 
 
 Yery like P. pulicarius, of which it takes the place on the wet 
 slopes of mountains. (E. I.) 
 
 12. spinigerellus, Ztt. d. s. 604. 90 (1843). nigricosta? Eoser 
 {Chrysotus) Wurt. zw. (1840). Firidi-aneus, nitidus, fronte cyanea, 
 hypostomate angusto albo-micante, antennis brevissimis nigris, pedibus et 
 coxis pallide flams, alis hyalinis ; Mas. stigmate basali crasso atro, tibiis 
 posticis sinuatis apice subdilatatis pilosis. Long. |-; alar. 1^ lin. 
 
 Brassy-green, shining. Front blue. Hypostoma narrow, shining 
 white. Antenna black, very short. Wings hyaline ; third and fourth 
 longitudinal veins parallel ; the fourth ending in the tip of the wing ; 
 discal transverse vein in the middle, upright. Legs and coxa pale yel- 
 low; tarsi with brown tips. Male. Mouth withdrawn. Costal vein 
 thick and black at the base of the auxiliary vein. Abdomen narrow, 
 cylindrical. Intermediate femora with a tuft of long hairs in the mid- 
 dle beneath ; hind tibia sinuated, spinulose, subclavate, brown and hairy 
 at the tips. Fern. Mouth slightly decumbent. Abdomen conical. 
 
 Eare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 
 
DIAPHORUS. 215 
 
 Genus XII. DIAPHORUS. 
 
 DIAPHORUS, Mg. zw. iv. 32 (1824); Mq. ; Ztt. Dolichopus p., Fin. ; 
 
 Mg. 
 Antenna articulo tertio patellceformi, arista dorsali. Oculi maris fronte 
 
 contigui. Hypostoma latum. Vena prcebrachialis simplex, transversa 
 
 ab alee margine distans. Hypopygium maris subimmersum, subtus ap- 
 
 pendicibus binis angustis defiexis. 
 
 Antennae short, with the first jo}nt naked, the third joint broader than 
 long, rounded : the arista placed on its upper edge, long, slender, finely 
 pubescent. Eyes finely pubescent, meeting on the front in the male, 
 distant in the female. The face broad in both sexes, and rather short, 
 especially in the male, the antennas being more distant from the vertex 
 than usual. Occiput with a whitish beard behind the lower orbit. 
 Proboscis very short, projecting a little forwards. Wings like those 
 of Argyra, being broad about the anal angle, and the subcostal vein 
 longer than in other genera ; the praebrachial vein simple as in most, 
 not forked as in Psilopus, and the subapical portion of it straight and 
 parallel with the cubital, the discal transverse vein distant by much 
 more than its own length from the hind margin. Fringe of the alulae 
 black. Abdomen conical in the female, in the male rather compressed 
 behind, with the sixth segment exserted, the small hypopygium partly 
 imbedded under the lip of it, armed behind with some spines, and 
 beneath with two slender, deflected, pubescent appendages, besides the 
 stouter forceps which is for the most part hidden in the ventral cavity. 
 The structure differing little from Argyra, and not much from Chry- 
 sotus. The hind margins of the abdominal segments are a little ciliated 
 at the sides. Legs rather long and slender, the spines of the tibiae 
 few and slender, the fore pair with scarcely any, the femora much 
 more hairy in the male, the hind metatarsus unarmed, about as long as 
 the following joint. The males are at once known from every other 
 genus by the eyes meeting on the front ; the females may be more 
 easily confounded with other genera, but the form of the third joint of 
 the antennae and the insertion of the arista in connection with the length 
 of the subcostal vein will help to separate them. The colour is 
 usually dark. 
 
 1. oculatus, Fin. dol. 28. 22(1823); m.Jlavocinctus, Mq. ; 
 Mg. Fcem. tuberculatus, Mg. jfflneus, capite cinerascente, antennis pe- 
 dibusque nigris, alis subfuscis, halteribus pallidis, femorum anteriorum 
 apice lato tibiisque omnibus flavis ; Mas. abdomine in basi fascia pallida 
 subpellucida. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Brassy. Head with a greyish covering. Mouth and antennae black. 
 Wings slightly brown. Halteres pale. Legs black ; anterior femora 
 yellow towards the tips ; tibice yellow. Male. Hypostoma broad, very 
 short, whitish. Eyes bluish-violet, with brassy borders. Palpi small, 
 ferruginous. Abdomen with a yellow semipellucid band on the second 
 
216 DOLICHOPIDjE. 
 
 segment. Ungues of the fore tarsi whitish, slightly lengthened. Fern. 
 Hypostoma as broad as the front, short, hoary, with a transverse 
 suture in the middle. Palpi black, with ferruginous tips, larger than 
 in the male. Ungues short. 
 
 Bare. (E. I.) 
 
 2. obscurellus, Ztt. i. 1. 706. 2. d. s. 492. 2 (1843). Nigro- 
 aneus, antennis hypostomate Jialteribus pedibusque nigris, alls hyalinis ad 
 costam subfumatis. Long. 1-1 ; alar. 2^-3 lin. 
 
 Black, dull. Thorax in certain aspects with a slight brassy hue, especially 
 on the hinder part, slaty-black beneath. Wings smoky-brown towards 
 the costa. Halteres black. Legs brownish-black. Male. Abdominal 
 appendages very short. Ungues of the fore tarsi a little longer than 
 the others. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Halida/s collection. (E. I.) 
 
 Genus XIII. CHRYSOTUS. 
 
 CHRYSOTCS, Mg. zw. iv. 40 (1824); Mq. ; Ztt. Dolichopus p., Fb. 
 s. a. ; Wd. ; Fin. Musca p., Fb. 
 
 Antenna articulo tertio patellaformi, arista apicali. Oculifronte dis- 
 (antes, infra antennas contigui in mare. Alee divaricate, vena trans- 
 versa a margine distante. Hypopygium maris subimmersum, subtus 
 appendicibus binis oblongis deflexis. Tibia spinulosa. 
 Antenna short, the first three joints nearly of equal length, the first 
 naked, the third joint broader than long, rounded, with the arista at the 
 tip. Eyes almost glabrous, distant on the front, meeting below the an- 
 tenna in the male, divided by a rather narrow face in the female. Proboscis 
 short and obtuse. Wings divaricated in repose, the discal transverse 
 vein very distant from the hind margin, lying usually rather nearer the 
 base than the tip of the wing, the long subapical vein nearly straight 
 and parallel with the cubital. Abdomen rather conical ; in the male 
 compressed behind, with the sixth segment exserted ; the small hypo- 
 pygium partly imbedded under the tip of it, armed behind with some 
 very short spines, and beneath with a pair of oblong deflected appendages. 
 Tibia, at least the posterior ones, armed with some spines. 
 
 The species of this genus are among the smallest of the family ; 
 the body is usually of an uniform bright metallic hue. They 
 chiefly frequent the leaves of trees, in the sunshine, and are 
 active and restless. The few species at the end, which have the 
 bristles of tbe thorax yellowish and the abdomen at least partly 
 yellow, seem to compose a distinct group, but from their extreme 
 tenderness they shrivel up so much when dried, that it is difficult 
 to make out the characters. 
 
DIAPHOEUS. 217 
 
 a. Body uniformly metallic ; bristles of the thorax black. Species 1-4. 
 a a. Abdomen at least partly yellow ; bristles of the thorax yellowish. 
 Species 5, 6. 
 
 1. nigripes, Fb. s. a. 269. 12 (1805); Mg. ; M.q.gramineus, 
 Fin. ; Ztt. copiosus, Mg. ; Mq. ^Eneo-viridis, antennis nigris, alis 
 hyalinis, halteribus flavis, pedibus ceneis, tibiis ferrugineis, tarsis nigris ; 
 Mas. tibiis posticis obscuris. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Brassy-green or bluish-green. Eyes golden-green. Mouth black. 
 Thorax schistaceous beneath. Coxa? cinereous, with pale or ferruginous 
 trochanters; anterior metatarsi pale. Male. Hind tibiae blackish, 
 brown in the recently disclosed insect. Fern. Hypostoma moderately 
 narrow, whitish. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. laesus, Wd. z. m. iii. 73. 21 (1818); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. 
 ^Eneo-viridis vel viridi-caerulescens, antennis nigris, alis hyalinis, hal- 
 teribus flavis, pedibus nigricantibus, femoribus ceneis, genubus ferrugineis. 
 Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Green, or blue, or with the thorax blue and the abdomen green ; 
 a little smaller than C. nigripes, and with the third joint of the antenna 
 larger. Tibiae quite black ; knees pale, especially in the female, whose 
 hypostoma is glaucous green. 
 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 3. viridulus, Fin. dol. 18. 23 (1823); Ztt.neglectus, Wd. ; 
 Mg. ; Mq. ^Eneo-viridis, antennis nigris, alis hyalinis, halteribus 
 pedibusque flavis, tarsis apice nigris ; Fcem. femoribus media nigris. 
 Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Brassy-green. Front green. Antennas black. Scutellum of the 
 male sometimes blue ; pleurae schistaceous. Wings hyaline. Halteres 
 and legs yellow; tarsi with black tips. Male. Posterior coxae cine- 
 reous. Fern. Hypostoma narrow, white. Coxae cinereous ; femora 
 brassy-black, more or less yellow at the base and at the tips. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 4. cilipes, Mg. zw. iv. 41. 3 (1824). Aureo-viridis, antennis 
 nigris, alis hyalinis, halteribus pedibusque flams, femoribus tibiisque pos- 
 ticis apice nigris, tarsis posticis nigris, anterioribus fuscis basi flavis. 
 Long, f ; alar. \\ lin. 
 
 Golden-green. Antennae black. Wings hyaline. Halteres and 
 legs yellow ; hind femora and hind tibiae with black tips ; anterior tarsi 
 brown, with the metatarsus yellow ; hind tarsi black. 
 
 Not rare. (E.I.) 
 
 5. molliculus, Fin. dol. 23. 35 (1823); Zii.latus, Mg. Aureo- 
 viridis, antennis nigris, alis cinereis, venis pallidis transversa discali in 
 media alee sita, halteribus pedibusque flavis ; Fcem. abdominejlavo, dorso 
 macula basali viridi, ano nigro. Long. | 1 ; alar. 2-2^ lin. 
 
 VOL. I. 2 F 
 
218 DOLICHOPIDvE. 
 
 Golden-green. Front green. Hypostoma greenish -white, narrow 
 in the male, a little broader in the female. Thorax glaucous-green 
 beneath. Antenna small, black. Wings grey ; veins yellowish, espe- 
 cially towards the base ; discal transverse vein in the middle of the wing. 
 Halteres yellow. Legs yellow, without bristles ; fifth joint of the tarsi 
 black. Male. Abdomen yellow beneath. Fern. Abdomen yellow, with 
 a green spot or band at the base, and with a black dot on the second seg- 
 ment, last segment black. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Halida/s collection. (E. I.) 
 
 6. concinnus, Ztt. d. s. 489. 11 (1843). Anreo-viridis, antennis 
 Jlavis, alis cinereis, venis pallidis transversa discali ante medium ala 
 sita, halteribus pedibusque flavis ; Fcem. abdomine flavo, ano viridi. 
 Long, f ; alar. If lin. 
 
 Golden-green, smaller than the preceding species. Antennae less, 
 yellow with the third joint brownish. Wings grey ; veins yellow ; dis- 
 cal transverse vein more withdrawn towards the base than in C. molli- 
 culus. Halteres yellow. Legs without bristles, yellow to the tips of 
 the tarsi. Male. Abdomen yellow beneath. Fern. Abdomen yellow, 
 with the last segment green. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Walker's collection. (E.) 
 
 Genus XIV. MEDETERUS. 
 
 MEDETERUS, Fischer progr. (1819). Hydrophorus, Mq. Tcechobates, 
 Hal. Orthobates, Wlbg. Hydrophorus p., Fin.; Ztt. Medeterus 
 p., Mg. Dolichopns p., Fb. s. a. Musca p., L. ; Fb. 
 
 Antennte articulo tertio ovato, arista apicali. Oculi glabri, distantes. 
 
 Proboscis protuberans, crassa, obtusa. Abdomen depressum, tomentosum, 
 
 muticum. Hypopygium maris elongatum, inflexum, appendiculatum. 
 
 Pedes mutici. 
 
 Antenna short, the third joint ovate ; arista slender, apical. Eyes 
 glabrous, distant. Face broad in both sexes, divided by a transverse 
 line. Proboscis protuberant, thick, obtuse. Thorax with a large depres- 
 sion before the scutellum. Wings with the subapical vein obliquely 
 converging towards the cubital, the distance of the transverse discal 
 vein from the hind margin varying. Abdomen depressed, finely tomentose, 
 without longer hairs, the first segment as long as the second. Hypopy- 
 gium of the male inflected under the abdomen, and elongated nearly to 
 the base of it, with the appendages developed, the outer ones not much 
 dilated. Legs long and slender, nearly unarmed, the middle tibia3 
 having only two very minute spines between the base and middle, and 
 the hind pair sometimes a single one in the same place ; hind metatar- 
 sus much shorter than the following joint. In some small species, 
 which can scarcely be separated from this genus, the hind metatarsus 
 
MEDETERUS. 219 
 
 becomes longer, while the subapical and cubital veins are parallel, and 
 the discal transverse vein is very distant from the hind margin of the 
 wing. 
 
 The typical species of this genus frequent dry places, running 
 in the sunshine on walls and trunks of trees, with a peculiar gait, 
 the legs being nearly erect and the fore part of the body elevated, 
 while they move with seemingly equal ease in any direction 
 without turning. The bulky proboscis opens into a very large 
 orifice, so as to admit a prey large in proportion. 
 
 1. diadema, L. s. n. xii. 982. 19 (llQl^rostratm, Fb. ; Fin. ; 
 Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. zEneo-cinereus, hypostomate aureo-viridi nitidissimo, 
 ore antennisque nigris, thorace vittis tribus cupreo-fuscis, alis hyalinis, 
 halteribus albis, pedibus ferrugineis. Long. If ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Brassy-cinereous. Hypostoma bright golden-green, sometimes chaly- 
 beous below, naked, with a snow-white transverse suture in the middle. 
 Antenna quite Hack ; third joint- oval. Thorax with three bright 
 coppery-brown stripes, slightly pubescent beneath. Wings hyaline. Hal- 
 teres white. Legs ferruginous ; femora and tarsi more or less brown. 
 
 Eare. (E.) 
 
 2. jaculus, Fin. dol. 5. 7 (1823); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. zEneo- 
 cinereus, hypostomate virescenti-cano, ore nigro exserto, antennis nigris, 
 thorace vittis tribus aeneo-fuscis, alis hyalinis, vena transversa discali 
 elongata ad marginem interiorem subretracto, halteribus albis ; Mas. 
 hypopygio magno, crasso. Long. 1J- ; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Brassy-cinereous. Hypostoma hoary green, broad. Crown bristly. 
 Mouth large, prominent, black. Thorax with three brassy-brown stripes, 
 slightly hairy on each side. Wings hyaline ; cubital and prasbrachial 
 veins approximating towards the tip; transverse discal veins rather 
 long, inclining towards the interior margin ; pobrachial vein inclining 
 beyond the transverse vein to the hind border, which it does not at- 
 tain ; axillary alula3 and halteres whitish. Legs cinereous-black, some- 
 times brown or ferruginous, naked, unarmed ; knees ferruginous ; hind 
 femora pubescent on the outer side. Male. Hypopygium large, long, 
 inflected, black, shining, with brown filiform appendages at the tip. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 3. truncorum, Mg. zw. iv. 67. 15 (1824); Mq.; Ztt. zEneo- 
 cmereus, hypostomate ceneo lateribus virescenti-pruinoso inferne viridi 
 aut cyaneo, ore nigro exserto, anteunis nigris, thorace vittis tribus a3neo- 
 fuscis, alis hyalinis, vena transversa discali elongata ad marginem in- 
 teriorem subretracta, halteribus albis ; Mas. hypopygio modice crasso. 
 Long. 11 ; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Brassy-cinereous, rather smaller and darker than the preceding 
 species, which it much resembles. Hypostoma rather narrow, brassy, 
 yellowish, hoary on each side, green or blue below. Crown bristly, 
 
220 DOLICHOPID.E. 
 
 Mouth large, prominent, black. Thorax with three brassy-brown 
 stripes, slightly hairy on each side. Wings hyaline ; cubital and prse- 
 brachial veins approximating towards the tip ; transverse discal vein 
 rather long, inclining towards the interior margin ; pobrachial vein 
 inclining beyond the transverse vein to the hind border, which it does 
 not attain ; axillary alulae and halteres whitish. Legs black, naked, 
 unarmed ; knees ferruginous ; hind femora pubescent on the outer 
 side. Male. Hypopygium rather smaller ihan that of M.jaculus. 
 Not rare. (E. I.) 
 
 Genus XV. APHROSYLUS. 
 
 Antennae articulo tertio apice attenuate, arista apicali. Proboscis incur- 
 va, apice unguiculata. Vena transversa prope marginem alee. Hypo- 
 pygium marls subglobosum, lamellis geminis in/lexis. Coxce anticce 
 muricatfs. 
 
 Antenna with the first joint naked, second transverse, the third joint 
 attenuated to the tip ; arista apical. Occiput convex, with a pale beard 
 behind the lower orbit. Eyes pubescent, distant on the front, ap- 
 proaching closely below the antennas in the male at least. Palpi pro- 
 truded, oval, very large in the male. Proboscis shorter than the head, 
 conical, somewhat compressed, incurved towards the prosternum, 
 receding from the palpi, and armed at tJie tip with a short stout 
 spine (the projecting extremity of the tongue). Wings oblong, the dis- 
 cal transverse vein distant by much less than its own length from the hind 
 margin, the subapical vein nearly straight and parallel with the cubital. 
 Abdomen finely pubescent, with the first segment not longer than the 
 second ; in the female, of five segments and somewhat conical ; in the 
 male, of six segments, a little compressed behind, rounded at the tip, 
 and enlarged by the protuberance of the hypopygium ; this is nearly 
 globose, deflected, furnished at the tip beneath with two. broad inflated 
 lamella, and some slender appendages between them. Legs long ; the 
 outside of the tibiaa, and the femora towards the tip, armed with some 
 spines ; the whole anterior surface of the fore coxce and the under side 
 of the fore trochanters beset with spines ; the fore tibia armed with a 
 strong spine or spur at the tip inside ; the third metatarsus longer than 
 the following joint ; the onychia more thickened to the tip with pubes- 
 cence than is usual in this family. 
 
 The form of the head, the antennae, and the direction of the 
 proboscis, resemble some of the Empida, as the genus Chersodro- 
 mia. In the general form and the wings, the strongest likeness 
 is to Hydrophorm, and the fore legs are armed yet more formidably 
 than in that genus. The known species both frequent the verge 
 of the sea. 
 
LONOHOPTERIDjE. 221 
 
 1. raptor, (Hal. MSS.) Cinereus, antennis nigris, pedibus ferrugi- 
 neis. Long. 2; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Cinereus. Palpi straw-colour, silvered in the male. Antennae black ; 
 the third joint twice as long as the two preceding together in the 
 female, yet more in the male, very slender except at the base, where it 
 is suddenly thickened ; arista about as long as the antenna, naked, 
 thick at the base, very slender at the tip. Wings brownish-hyaline. 
 Lamellae of the male oblong-ovate, yellowish-brown, fringed at the tip 
 with very long hairs. Legs ferruginous, the coxa3 and sometimes the 
 base of the femora greyish-black ; hind femora a little dusky before the 
 tip ; tarsi much longer than the tibiae, dusky towards the tip. The fore 
 femora are strongly pectinated in a double row beneath, the posterior 
 pairs only so towards the tip, and have three or four long spines in a 
 row in front ; the fore tibiae are minutely pectinated in a double row 
 inside, and slightly dilated at the tip. In the male the base of the 
 second joint of the fore tarsus is a little dilated. 
 
 Rare, on rocks and shingle by the sea. First found at Torquay 
 by Mr. Dale ; it has occurred also at Dundrum Bay. (E. I.) 
 
 2. ferox, (Hal. MSS.) Cinereus, antennis basi pedibusque ferrugi- 
 neis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2i lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Palpi dusky, in the male silvered. Eyes meeting below 
 the antennas in the male, nearly so in the female. Antenna with the 
 first two joints ferruginous, the third joint as long as these together, 
 conical, black ; arista more than twice as long as the antennae. Wings 
 nearly hyaline. Lamellae of the male broadly ovate, blackish-brown, 
 almost naked. Legs ferruginous', the posterior coxae and the base of 
 the fore pair grey ; tarsi dusky towards the tip, the posterior pairs 
 scarcely longer than the tibiae, the last joint a little dilated ; spines of 
 the tibiae slender, femora with only a few scattered ones ; fore tibia 
 lengthened at the tip inside into a slender process, which bears the 
 spur. In the male, the fore tarsus is compressed and dilated from the 
 tip of the first joint, the exterior joints becoming oval, and the hind 
 metatarsus is fringed in the middle with a few long erect hairs. 
 
 Not rare on the southern coast of England. Found by Mr. 
 Walker. (E.) 
 
 FAMILY XXII. LONCHOPTEKID^E. 
 
 Ct. Oxypterce, Mg. Pliytomyidce p., Fin. ; Ztt. 
 Lonchopterinte, Mq. 
 
 Proboscis distincta. GencB mbrissatce. Oculi distantes. Alee apice acu- 
 minatae ; vena cubitalis simplex; areola discalis nulla; lobus axil- 
 laris obsoletus, 
 
222 LONCHOPTEBID^E. 
 
 Proboscis distinct. Cheeks bristly. Eyes distant. Tip of t-he wing 
 pointed; cubital vein simple ; discal areolet wanting ; axillary lobe obsolete. 
 
 Genus I. LONCHOPTERA. 
 
 LONCHOPTERA, Mg. ill. mag. (1803); Mq.; Ztt.; Ct. 
 
 Corpus angustum, lineare, raro setosum. Oculi valde conspicui. 
 
 Antennae articulo tertio suborbiculato, compresso ; quarto tertii 
 
 apice insidente ; sexto longo, setiformi, pubescente. Alae angustee. 
 
 Pedes cursorii. 
 
 Body narrow. Head transverse, almost oval, as broad as the thorax, 
 somewhat lengthened beneath ; front broad, rather flat, beset with a 
 few long stout bristles ; epistoma nearly straight, short, depressed, con- 
 tracted, bristly on each side ; peristoma round, large, bristly on the 
 border. Proboscis hardly projecting, tumid at the base. Labrum 
 stout, sublinear, obliquely acuminated, as long as the labium. Lingua 
 setiform, very slender, half the length of the labium. Maxillas none. 
 Palpi large, clavate, flat, pubescent on the fore border. Labella narrow, 
 elongated, somewhat hairy. Antennaa 6-jointed, porrect, remote at 
 the base ; third joint broad suborbiculate ; fourth and fifth very short ; 
 fourth apical ; sixth long, setiform, pubescent. Thorax oval, bristly ; 
 scutellum transverse, semielliptical. Wings lanceolate, narrow, finely 
 pubescent, without the usuid transverse veins, incumbent, flat and 
 parallel in repose ; pra3brachial vein forked ; alula3 very small. Halteres 
 uncovered, with large oval knobs. Abdomen with 6 segments, long, 
 linear, depressed ; first segment largest. Legs long, bristly, formed 
 for running ; claws and onychia small. 
 
 Male. Anal vein of the wing joining the hind border. Sixth abdo- 
 minal segment curved beneath, with two hairy lamellaB. 
 
 Fern. Anal vein united to the pobrachial vein. 
 
 The veining of the wings may be compared to that of Opetia ; 
 but the prsebrachial vein appears displaced, an oblique transverse 
 vein arising in its place and running to meet the cubital near its 
 origin, while the prsebrachial arises from the pobrachial far beyond 
 this, and is soon after parted into two branches. If the wing be 
 viewed in a particular light, however, a fold of the membrane is 
 visible in the usual place of the prsebrachial vein at its base, as if 
 this portion were obliterated, and the vein, where it commences 
 distinctly, bent back to join the following. The anal vein takes 
 its rise nearly as in Opetia, but in the female it runs in a curve 
 to join the pobrachial vein before the margin. The short sub- 
 costal vein is minutely pectinated, as are also the pobrachial and 
 
PLATYPEZID^E. 
 
 anal veins and the posterior branch of the prsebrachial. The 
 mediastinal vein is very faint and close to the subcostal. 
 
 These flies are small, very active, and abound from the 
 beginning of spring till the end of autumn on shores, marshy 
 woods, and in most grassy spots. 
 
 1. lutea, Pz. ! fn. cviii. 20, 21 (1815 ?) ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt.furcata, 
 Fin. Testacea, alls sublimpidis. Long. li-l; alar. 3-3^ lin. 
 
 Testaceous. Eyes and antennae black. Wings almost colourless. 
 Halteres pale yellow. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. flavicauda, Mg. zw. iv. ]07. 2 (1824); Mq.; Ct. ! b. e. 761. 
 riparia ? Mg. ; Mq. rivalis ? Mg. ; Mq. nigrimana ? Mg. ; Mq. 
 thoracica ? Mg. ; Mq. Lutea, alls subfulvis, abdomine supra fusco late- 
 ribus apiceque luteo. Long, li-li ; alar. 3^-4 liii. 
 
 Luteous. Eyes and antennas black. Wings slightly tawny. Ab- 
 domen brown above, luteous on each side and towards the tip. 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I,) 
 
 3. lacustris, Mg. zw. iv. 107. 3 (1824) ; Mq. -palustrist Mg. 
 Lutea, alls subfulvis, abdomine supra nigro-fusco. Long, 1^-1^; alar. 
 3-4 lin. 
 
 Luteous. Eyes and antennae black. Wings slightly tawny. Ab- 
 domen blackish-brown above. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 4. punctum, Mg. zw. iv. 110. 9 (1824). Ferruginea, tJiorace nigro- 
 vittato, scutello apice albido, alis subfulvis, abdomine nigro-fusco apice 
 luteo. Long. 1^-1^ ; alar. 3-^-4 lin. 
 
 Ferruginous. Thorax with a black stripe; tip of the scutellum 
 whitish. Eyes and antennae black. Wings slightly tawny. Halteres 
 and legs tawny. Abdomen dark brown above. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 5. tristis, Mg. zw. iv. 110. 10 (1824) ; Mq. Obscure ferruginea, 
 alis cinereis, abdomine supra fusco, pedibus pallidioribus. Long, li-1^ ; 
 alar. 3-1-4 lin. 
 
 Dark ferruginous. Eyes and antennae black. Wings grey. Hal- 
 teres tawny. Abdomen brown above. Legs pale ferruginous. 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 FAMILY XXIII. PLATYPEZID^E. 
 
 Dolichopodes p., LI. Platypezince, Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. Dolichopida 
 
 p., Lch. 
 Proboscis brevis, maxillis nullis. Antenna articulo tertio compresso, arista 
 
PLATYPEZID^E. 
 
 apicali. Ala vena ambiente nulla, cubitali simplici ; areola brachiali 
 utraque et anali completis, hac oblique acuminata, lobo axillari ro- 
 tundato (in Opetia et Platycnema fere obsolete). Abdomen segmen- 
 tis sex. 
 
 Proboscis distinct. Antennae with the last joints forming a slender 
 arista, which is attacked to the third joint as its tip. W^ing with the 
 axillary lobe rounded, nearly obsolete in the genera Platycnema and 
 Opetia; cubital vein simple; brachial veins without a spurious vein; 
 mediastinal vein usually distinct and distant from subcostal, the latter 
 extending far beyond the middle of the costa, (but in Platycnema less 
 distinct and nearer to the subcostal.) 
 
 The species of this family are all of small size. The genera 
 may be thus arranged : 
 
 Discal areolet < 
 
 istinct: f forked . . 
 
 Preebrachial vein < 
 
 [.simple . . 
 
 none: f forked . . 
 
 Prsebrachial vein < 
 
 I simple . . 
 
 1. PLATYPEZA. 
 
 2. CALLOMYIA. 
 4. OPETIA. 
 
 3. PLATYCNEMA. 
 
 Genus I. PLATYPEZA. 
 
 PLATYPEZA, Mg. ill. mag. (1803) ; Fin.; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Gr. Lolichopus 
 p., Fb. ; LI. ; Lm. 
 
 Ales areola discali completa, vena prcebrachiali furcata, ramo anteriore 
 
 obliquo prope cubitalem exeunte. Tarsi postici compressi. Oculi 
 
 maris fronte contigui, foem. distantes. 
 
 Body velvety. Head semicircular, somewhat depressed in front. 
 Labrum clavate, very short. Palpi spathulate, pubescent at the tips, as 
 long as the labium. Labium short, cylindrical. Antenna 6-jointed, 
 small, straight, porrect, approximate; first and second joints almost 
 cylindrical ; third somewhat longer, elliptical, compressed ; fourth and 
 fifth very small; fourth apical; sixth long, setiform. Thorax oval; 
 scutellum almost quadrate. Wings rather large, incumbent, flat and 
 parallel in repose ; middle transverse vein very near the base ; apical 
 transverse vein formed by an oblique anterior branch of the prcebrachial, 
 approaching very near to the cubital at the end, without meeting it. 
 Discal areolet complete. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen elliptical. 
 Anterior legs slender ; hind legs broad, especially the tarsi, whose joints 
 are almost equally long; first and second somewhat shorter; fifth 
 slender. Male. Eyes approximate. Fern. Eyes remote. 
 
 The Platypeza inhabit woods, and are scarce ; their larvae live 
 in fungi. 
 
PLATYPEZA. 225 
 
 a. Posterior branch of prsebrachial vein not reaching the margin. 
 
 b. Anterior branch almost straight. Species 1. 
 
 b b. Anterior branch curved. Species 2-6. 
 a a. Posterior branch reaching the margin. Species 7-10. 
 
 1. furcata, Fin. spl. 2. 4(1827); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Nigro-fusca, 
 alisfuscanis, vena subapicalis ramo antico subrecto, postico abbreviate. 
 Long. If ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Dusky black. Head and thorax with a dull cinereous gloss in the 
 female. Antennae with the first two joints dull yellowish, darker in 
 the male, the third joint black, the arista placed rather towards its 
 upper edge, straight. Wings narrow, smoky-hyaline in the female ; more 
 dusky in the male, with the mediastinal areolet darker. Anterior branch 
 of the prabrachial vein almost straight, the other considerably abbreviated. 
 Discal and anal areolets distant from the hind margin, the terminal 
 portion of the pobrachial and anal veins being nearly twice the length 
 of the discal-transverse and subanal veins respectively. Halteres 
 blackish-brown with the base pale. Abdomen with the hinder seg- 
 ments from the fourth somewhat glossy ; in the male ending with an 
 incurved hypopygium (nearly as in Callomyia, but the forceps at the 
 tip small and indistinct). Legs dusky, paler in the female; tarsi 
 except the tip (and fore tibia? in the female) dull yellowish. Hind 
 tarsi nearly as in P. boletina, viz., the joints nearly equal in length 
 and the first three dilated in the male; third joint longest, fourth 
 also dilated with the external angle of the tip produced, in the female. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Halida/s collection. (I.) 
 
 2. boletina, Fin. plat. 4. 1 (1815); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Cana, an- 
 tennis piceis, thoracis disco lurido, alls limpidis, abdomine pedibnsque 
 fulvis. Long. H ; alar. 4f lin. 
 
 Hoary. Antennae piceous. Disc of the thorax lurid. Wings 
 colourless. Halteres, abdomen, and legs tawny. 
 Bare. In Mr. Stephens' s collection. (E.) 
 
 3. fasciata, Fb. s. a. 271. 22 (1805); LI. ; Pz. ! fn. ciii. 20; 
 Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Cana, antennis pedibusque piceis, alls lim- 
 pidis, abdomine basi fasciisque cants, tarsis fulvis. Long. 1^; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Fern. Hoary. Antennas piceous. Wings colourless. Halteres tawny, 
 with piceous knobs. Abdomen black at the base and along the fore bor- 
 der of each segment. Legs tawny ; femora and tibia? mostly piceous. 
 
 Eare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 4. aterrima, Wlk. e. m. iii. 181 (1835). brunnipennis? Mq. 
 Atra, alis fuscis, pedibus nigris vel nigro-piceis. Long. If; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Male. Deep black. Wings dusky. Halteres and legs black or 
 dark piceous. 
 
 Eare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 5. atra, Fin. plat. 6. 3 (1815); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Atra, alis lim- 
 pidis, pedibus piceis, tarsis fulvis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 VOL. I. 2 G 
 
PLATYPEZID^E. 
 
 Male. Deep black. Wings colourless. Halteres tawny, with piceous 
 knobs. Legs piceous ; tarsi tawny. 
 
 p.ar* rrc \ 
 
 ivjuo. utyv 
 
 Rare. (E." 
 
 6. infumata, Hal. a. n. h. ii. 184 (1838). vittata, Zit.ornata? 
 Mg. zw. vii. 145. 11 (1838). Atra, ano cinereo, Mas. ; aut Cceda, tho- 
 racis vitta lata postice tricuspidata, abdominisque fasciis prima et 
 secunda medio connexis atris, Foem. Long. 2 ; alar. 4|- lin. 
 
 Male deep black, the last segment of the abdomen cinereous. Female 
 bluish-white ; antennae and tubercle of the vertex black ; mesonotum 
 with three deep black longitudinal bands, in front confluent, the lateral 
 ones shorter, behind pointed, and not reaching to the scutellum. Ab- 
 domen with the second and third segments deep black, the latter with a 
 bluish-white spot on each side ; the fourth and fifth at the base, the sixth 
 entirely deep black. Wings hyaline, veins blackish ; second branch of 
 the prasbrachial vein little abbreviated, the terminal portion of the 
 pobrachial and anal veins, respectively, only half the length of the 
 discal-transverse and the subanal veins, which they adjoin, so that the 
 discal and anal areolets approach the hind margin ; mediastinal areolet 
 faintly yellowish in the male. Halteres blackish in the male, in the 
 female dusky, with pale base. Legs dusky, in the female inclining to 
 testaceous, the base of the tibias paler ; tarsi dull yellowish at the 
 base, dusky towards the tip. 
 
 Not common. May. In Mr. Halida/s collection. (I.) 
 According to Meigen's description of P. ornata (fcem.}, the 
 second branch of the pisebrachial vein is not abbreviated, and the 
 black markings of the abdomen are somewhat differently distri- 
 buted ; so that, with Zetterstedt, I hesitate to cite it, although 
 the agreement in the marking of the thorax seems to be complete. 
 
 7. picta, Mg. zw. vi. 358. 9 (1830); Ztt. d. s.fasciata, Fin. 
 fumipennis, Ztt. i. 1. Mas. Atra, antennis basi pedibusque lividis, alis 
 fuscis, abdominis apice cinereo. Foem. Cana, antennis basi pedibusque fla- 
 vescentibus, thoracis pictura dorsali abdominisque fasciis inaqualibus 
 atris. Long. 2-3 ; alar. 4-6 lin. 
 
 Male. Deep black, rather hairy. Head greyish-black. Antenna 
 black, livid at the base. Wings pale brown. Halteres brown, with 
 black knobs. Tip of the abdomen grey. Legs brown ; knees and tarsi 
 paler. Fern. Hoary, almost bare. Antenna brown, testaceous at tJie 
 base. Thorax with 2 black stripes in front, and 3 blackish-brown con- 
 fluent spots on each side. Wings colourless. Halteres whitish, with 
 brown knobs. Abdomen whitish, with black bands ; some of them short. 
 Legs yellowish. 
 
 Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 
 
 8. dorsalis, Mg. zw. iv. 7. 5 (1824); Mq. Alis limpidis, pedibus 
 fulvo-fuscis ; Mas. atra ; Foem. thorace cinereo nigro-vittato, abdomine 
 cano fasciis confluentibus atris. Long. 1; alar. 4 lin. 
 
CALLOMYIA. 227 
 
 Wings colourless. Halteres tawny. Legs brownish; tarsi with a 
 tawny tinge. Male. Deep Hack. Fern. Thorax hoary, with 4 black 
 stripes. Abdomen hoary, with confluent black bands. 
 
 Rare. (E.) 
 
 9. holosericea, Mg. zw. iv. 8. 6 (1824); Mq. Alis limpidis ; 
 Mas. atra, abdominis apice cinereo ; Fcem. thorace cinereo fusco-vittato, 
 abdomine cano fasciis maculaque dor sali atris. Long. 1^ ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Wings colourless. Male. Deep black. Halteres and legs piceous. 
 Abdomen hoary at the tip. Fern. Front dull grey. Thorax brownish- 
 grey, with darker stripes. Halteres tawny. Abdomen hoary, with an 
 elliptical black spot extending from the second to the fifth segment ; first 
 segment grey ; sutures black. Legs brown. 
 
 Bare. (E.) 
 
 10. fumipennis, Wlk. e. m. iv. 181 (1835). Mas. Atra, alisfuscis, 
 pedibus piceis, tar sis f alms. Long. If; alar. 3^ lin. 
 
 Male. Deep black. Wings slightly brown. Halteres tawny, with 
 piceous knobs. Legs tawny ; femora and tibiss mostly piceous. 
 Eare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 Genus II. CALLOMYIA. 
 
 CALLOMYIA, Mg. kl. (1804) ; Pz. ; Fin. Dolichopus p., Fb. ; LI. 
 
 Alae areola discali completa, vena prcebrachiali simplici. Tarsi articulo 
 
 primo longissimo. Abdomen maris apice incurvum. Oculi maris 
 
 fronte contigui, foem. distantes. 
 
 Body velvety, convex. Head semicircular. Proboscis very short. 
 Palpi cylindrical. Labium very slender and obliquely furcate at the 
 tip. Antenna 6-jointed, porrect, straight, approximate; first and 
 second joints almost cylindrical, somewhat bristly ; third oblong, acute ; 
 fourth and fifth very short ; fourth apical ; sixth long, setiform. Wings 
 large, finely pubescent, incumbent, fiat and parallel in repose ; discal 
 areolet long ; prcebrachial vein not forked ; middle transverse vein very 
 near the base. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen oblong, cylindrical. 
 Hind legs longer and thicker than the anterior legs; tarsi broad-, me- 
 tatarsi as long as the other 4 joints. Male. Colour generally black. 
 Eyes contiguous. Abdomen compressed, narrow at the tip. Fern. 
 Colour brighter, more varied. Eyes remote. 
 
 The Callomyia inhabit hedges and woods; all the species 
 are scarce. 
 
 1. elegans, Fb. s. a. 271. 21 (1805); Pz. ! fn. ciii. 18, 19; Ll. ; 
 Lm. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. leptiformis (mas.), Fin. Atra, halteribus 
 fulvis, pedibus flams posticis nigricantibus ; Mas. abdominis segmentorum 
 tertii quartique marginibus posticis interrupte albo-fasciatis ; Foem. 
 thorace maculis 3 argenteis, abdomine fasciis antice luteis postice ar- 
 genteis. Long. If; alar. 4 lin. 
 
228 PLATYPEZID^E. 
 
 Black. Wings colourless. Halteres tawny. Legs yellow ; hind legs 
 blackish. Male. Hind border of the third and fourth abdominal segments 
 with interrupted white bands. Fern. Thorax with 3 silvery spots. Ab- 
 domen with 2 luteous and 2 silvery bands. 
 
 Rare. In the British Museum. (E. I.) 
 
 2. amoena? Mg. zw. iv. 12. 2 (1824); Mq. ; TAi.leptiformis 
 var. c, Fin. Atra, antennis pedibusque piceis, alis limpidis, halteribus 
 luteis, tibiis tarsisque anterioribus fulvis ; Foem. thorace maculis 3 argen- 
 teis, abdomine antice fulvo postice fascia argentea. Long. H ; alar. 
 8* lin. 
 
 Male. Deep black, velvet-like. Antenna piceous. Wings colour- 
 less. Halteres luteous. Legs piceous ; anterior tibia and tarsi tawny, 
 the latter piceous towards the tips. Fern. Thorax with 3 silvery spots. 
 First, second, and third abdominal segments luteous Jifth with a silvery 
 band. Femora tawny. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E. I.) 
 
 3. speciosa, Mg. zw. iv. 14. 6 (1824); Mq. ; Ztt. d. s. lepti- 
 formis var. /3, Ztt. a. h. Atra, alis limpidis, halteribus piceis apice 
 nigris, tibiis tarsisque anterioribus ferrugineis ; Foem. thorace maculis 3 
 argenteis, abdomine fasciis 1 lutea Sque argenteis, femoribus ferrugineis. 
 Long. 1|-; alar. 4 h'n. 
 
 Deep black. Wings colourless. Ilalteres piceous, with black knobs. 
 Legs black ; anterior tibiae and tarsi ferruginous. Fem. Thorax with 3 
 silvery spots. Abdomen with 1 luteous and 3 silvery bands. Femora 
 
 Eare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 Var. Male with a silvery spot at each side of the third segment. 
 In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 
 
 4. leptiformis, Fin. meth. d. 25. 2 (1810); Mg. ; Mq.; Ztt. 
 Aterrima, halteribus fulvis, alis hyalinis ; Mas. abdominis strigis 3 
 lateralibus argenteis ; Foem. thoracis maculis tribus argenteis, abdominis 
 
 fasciis 3 interrupts, prima lutea, sequentiuiis et quarta integra argenteis. 
 Long. H ; alar. 3| lin. 
 
 Male. Deep black. Wrings hyaline. Halteres fulvous, with a dusky 
 streak. Abdomen with a silvery streak on each side of the second, third, 
 and fourth segments. Legs dusky ; fore tibia3 and metatarsi yellowish ; 
 hind tibia? and tarsi blackish. Fem. Black. Head silvery. Thorax with 
 three silvery spots. Halteres fulvous, immaculate. Second segment of the 
 abdomen with a broad interrupted luteous band, third and fourth with 
 interrupted, sixth with entire silvery band. Legs luteous ; the tips of 
 the tarsi, the hind pair entirely, with the hind tibia3 and knees, dusky. 
 Legs (especially hind pair) shorter and thicker than usual. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 
 
 5. antennata, Ztt. a. h. (1819). 79. 32; Fin.; Mg. ; Mq. Mas. 
 Atra, alis subfuscis, lialteribus pedibusque nigro-piceis. Foem. Nigra, alis 
 
PLATYCNEMA. 229 
 
 limpidis, halteribus fulvis apice piceis, pedibus fulvis femoribus apice 
 tarsisque fuscis. Long. 1^-1^; alar. 3 lin. 
 
 Male. Deep black. Wings slightly brown. Halteres and legs piceous 
 or almost black. Fern. Black. Wings colourless. Halteres tawny, 
 with piceous knobs. Legs tawny ; tarsi and tips of the femora brown. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E. L) 
 
 Genus III. PLATYCNEMA. 
 
 PLATYCNEMA, Ztt. d. s. i. 332 (1842). Empis p., Fin. Cyrtoma p., 
 Ztt. i. 1. Atelestus, Wlk. 
 
 Ala areola discali nulla, vena prabrachiali simplici. Oculifronte con- 
 
 tigui in utroque sexu. 
 
 Body minute, black, soft, gibbous, pubescent. Head small, globose. 
 Eyes bare, contiguous. Proboscis declining, very short. Palpi com- 
 pressed, incumbent, very minute. Antennas small, very short ; third 
 joint oval. Costa of the wing distinctly ciliated from the base to the 
 middle ; anal areolet short ; prcebrachial vein not forked. Hind tibia and 
 hind tarsi broad. Male. Abdomen obtuse at the tip. Fern. Abdomen 
 longer, acute. 
 
 1. pulicaria, Fin. d. s. emp. 33. 44 (1815) ; m.sylvicola, Wlk. 
 Nigro-cinerea, antennis nigris, alis cinereis, halteribus pedibusque 
 nigro-fuscis, genubus fulvis. Long. |- ; alar. 1^ lin. 
 
 Male. Greyish -black, hairy, hardly shining. Proboscis, palpi, and 
 antenna? black ; third joint of the antenna short-conical, a little longer 
 than the preceding ; fourth about thrice the length of all the preceding. 
 Wings grey; stigma brown; veins black, dark tawny at the base. 
 Halteres blackish-brown. Legs blackish-brown, hairy ; knees tawny ; 
 hind tibia? much dilated; hind metatarsi long, dilated. 
 
 Very rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E. I.) 
 
 Genus IV. OPETIA. 
 OPETIA, Mg. zw. vi. 357 (1830); Mq. ; Ct.; Ztt. 
 
 Corpus parvum, elongatum, rectum, subpubescens, opacum. Color 
 niger. Proboscis subexserta. Antenna? 5 -articulate, porrecta?, 
 longitudine capitis; articulus primus subcyathiformis ; secundus 
 subovatus ; tertius fusiformis ; quartus minutus ; quintus setiformisj 
 pubescens. Thorax gibbus. Ala? incumbentes ; areola discali 
 nulla, pobrachiali et anali minutis ; vena prabrachiali furcata. Alula? 
 minima?, subovata?. Pedes subnudi, inermes, simplices ; tibia? apice 
 spinosa? ; tarsi graciles ; metatarsi postici articulo secundo fere duplo 
 
230 PIPUNCULID.E. 
 
 longiores. Oculi marisfronte contigui, fcem. distantes. Fcem. Abdomen 
 
 apice incurvo laraelliformi. 
 
 Body small, slender, pubescent, black, dull. Head transverse : face 
 orbicular, with a row of bristles on each side. Eyes large, ovate, with 
 a few bristles on each side. Ocelli 3, seated on a tubercle. Proboscis 
 slightly projecting. Palpi bare, clavate, shorter than the labium. 
 Labium short. Antennas 5 -jointed, subsetaceous, pubescent, inserted 
 near the middle of the face, approximate at the base, nearly as long as 
 the head ; first and second joints beset with a few bristles ; first some- 
 what cyathifonn; second larger, nearly oval; third fusiform; fourth 
 minute; fifth long, setiform, hairy to the tip. Thorax subglobose; 
 fore part very gibbous, and projecting over the head; scutellum a 
 little elevated. Wings incumbent and parallel in repose. Alulae very 
 small. Halteres large, uncovered. Abdomen with six segments. 
 Legs simple, unarmed, almost bare; tibise subclavate; tips of the 
 tibiaB slightly spurred ; hind tarsi slender ; hind metatarsi very long ; 
 onychia small, hairy. Male. Eyes connected. Fern. Eyes remote. 
 Abdomen ending in a recurved oblong plate. 
 
 The Opetia appear in summer and autumn on leaves of shrubs. 
 
 1. nigra, Mg. zw. vi. 357. 1 (1830); Mq. ; Zit.lonchopteroides 
 (fcem.), Hal.; Ct. ! b. e. 489. 2. Nigra, alis cinereis ad costam 
 fuscis, abdomine nigro-fusco. Long. 1 ; alar. 2f lin. 
 
 Black, thinly clothed with black hairs. Eyes red ; facets of mo- 
 derate size. Wings grey, brown beneath the fore border ; veins black. 
 Halteres and abdomen dark brown. Legs clothed with very short 
 black hairs. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 FAMILY XXIV. PIPUNCULID.E. 
 
 PIPUNCULID^:, Ct. Syrphits p., LI. Megacephali, Mg. Cephalopsides 
 p., LI. Syrphici, Fin. Pipunculini, Ztt. 
 
 Caput hemispharicum, oculis maximis peristoma stringentibus, fronte et 
 epistomate angustissimis. Proboscis brevis, maxillis nullis, palpis 
 erectis. Antenna articulo tertio compresso deflexo, arista dorsali sub- 
 erecta. Alee vena ambiente nulla, cubitali simplici, areola brachiali 
 utraque completa, lobo axillari rotundato. Tibias apice muticaB. 
 Abdomen segmentis sex. 
 
 Head large, hemispherical, with concave occiput versatile on a pro- 
 jecting slender neck of prothorax. Eyes very large, bordering the 
 narrow peristoma, unarmed ; face and front narrow linear, the eyes in 
 the male sometimes meeting on the front. Ocelli three in a triangle 
 on the vertex. Antenna short, the third joint compressed and deflected, 
 bearing above a slender ascending arista, 3-jointed, the first two joints 
 
PIPUNCULUS. 231 
 
 very minute. Proboscis short, scarcely projecting ; the labella pouting, 
 the labrum and tongue very short ; the palpi slender, erect ; maxillae 
 none. Thorax subglobose; no suture of the mesoriotum before the 
 wings ; sides of the prothorax with defined callosities. Wings long ; 
 the costal vein not continued round the kind margin ; mediastinal dis- 
 tinct ; cubital simple ; prsebrachial outwardly bent towards the cubital, 
 and ending close to it, so that the subapical areolet tapers almost to a 
 point ; brachial areolets both complete, the posterior reaching to about 
 the third of the wing's length, the anterior longer ; anal areolet tapering 
 to a point close to the hind margin. (In some the prsebrachial and 
 anal veins are imperfect, and the subapical, discal, and anal areolets 
 consequently undefined.) Axillary lobe rounded-, alulae inconspicuous. 
 Abdomen cylindrical or depressed, of six segments, besides the hypopy- 
 gium, which in the female forms an incurved pointed horny ovipositor. 
 Legs rather short ; fore pair but little removed, their coxae reaching to 
 the intermediate pair ; tibiae without terminal spines ; tarsi with the 
 first joint longest ; oriychia large ; empodium setaceous, recurved. 
 
 a. Wings with a discal areolet. Genus 1. PIPUNCULUS. 
 a a. Wings without a discal areolet. Genus 2. CHALARUS. 
 
 Genus I. PIPUNCULUS. 
 
 PIPUNCULUS, LI. h. n. xiv. (1810); Mg.; St. F. et Sw.; Hal.; Mq. 
 Cephalops, Pin. Microcera, Mg. 
 
 Ala vena cubitali undulata, prabrachiali et anali integris ; areolis 
 
 subapicali et anali apice attenuatis. 
 
 Head semicircular, large ; epistoma small, linear ; peristoma narrow. 
 Proboscis short, concealed. Labrum horny, triangular, very short. 
 Lingua horny, pointed, extremely small. Palpi clavate, somewhat 
 curved, bare, with 2 little bristles at the tip, as long as the labium. 
 Labium short, thick, fleshy, cylindrical. Antennae approximate, small, 
 5 -jointed; first joint extremely small ; second short, cyathiform; third 
 deflexed, compressed, generally pointed ; fourth seated on the base of 
 the third ; fifth setiform. Thorax oval ; scutellum semicircular. Wings 
 long, pubescent, incumbent and parallel in repose ; cubital vein undu- 
 lated; prabracJdal and anal veins complete ; alulae very small. Halteres 
 uncovered. Male. Eyes contiguous. Tip of the abdomen obtuse. 
 Fern. Eyes parted. Tip of the abdomen homy, pointed, curved 
 beneath. 
 
 The Pipunculi inhabit woods and fields, and often hover in 
 the air. The species may be thus grouped : 
 
 a. Praebrachial vein simple. 
 b. Abdomen cylindrical. 
 
 c. Wings without a stigma. Species 1-3. 
 c c. Wings with a stigma. Species 4-6. 
 
232 PIPUNCULIDjE, 
 
 b b. Abdomen flat. Species 7, 8. 
 a a. Prsebrachial vein forked. Species 9. 
 
 1. maculatus, Wlk. e. m. ii. 264. 1 (1834). lateralis, Mq. 
 JEneo-ater, abdominis lateribus pedibusque fulvis ; Mas. alisfuscis; Fcem. 
 alls subcinereis. Long. 1^ 1|- ; alar. 2| 3^ lin. 
 
 jEneous-black. Head silvery. Halteres yellow. Abdomen with the 
 second and third segments tawny on each side. Legs tawny. Male. 
 Wrings brown. Fern. Wrings pale grey. 
 
 Not common. In the collection of the Entomological Club. 
 (E. L) 
 
 2. sylvaticus, Mg. zw. iv. 20. 3 (1824); Mq.; Wlk.; Ztt. 
 Nigro-viridis, genubus tarsisque fulvis ; Mas. alis subfuscis ; Fcem. alia 
 cinereis. Long. 1 J 1-J- ; alar. 2-2 J lin. 
 
 Greenish-black. Head silvery. Halteres tawny. Knees and tarsi 
 tawny. Male. Wings brownish. Fern. Wings grey. 
 Not rare. (B. L) 
 
 3. geniculatus, Mg. zw. iv. 20. 2 (1824); Mq. ; Wlk.; Ztt. 
 Niger, genubus fulvis ; Mas. alis subfuscis ; Fcem. alis subcinereis. 
 Long. H-f ; alar. 2|-3| lin. 
 
 Black. Head silvery. Wings rather short. Halteres tawny. Knees 
 tawny. Male. Wings slightly brown. Fern. Wings pale grey. 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 4. flavipes, Mg. zw. iv. 21. 5 (1824); Mq. ; Wlk.; Ztt. Niger, 
 alis cinereis, pedibus fulvis. Long. 1^2 ; alar. 4^5 lin. 
 
 Black. Head silvery. Wings grey. Halteres and legs tawny. 
 Not rare. (E. S. L) 
 
 5. pratorum, Mn. d. s. syrph. 15. 1 (1816) ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ct. ! b. 
 e. 757; Wlk.; Ztt. Nigro-cinereus, alis subcinereis, pedibus fulvis, fe- 
 moribus nigro-fasciatis. Long. 1^; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Black, tinged with grey. Head silvery. Wings pale grey. Halteres 
 yellow. Legs tawny ; femora with broad black bands. 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 6. campestris, LI. h. n. xiv. 392 (1810) ; Mg. ; Lch. ; Mq. ; Wlk. ; 
 Ztt. cephalotes, Bosc. Niger, thoracis lateribus abdomineque basi canis, 
 alis subcinereis, tibiis basi genubusquejlavis. Long. 1^2 ; alar. 45 lin. 
 
 Black. Head silvery. Sides of the thorax and base of the abdomen 
 hoary. Wings slightly grey. Halteres tawny. Tibia towards the 
 base and knees yellow. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 7. modestus, Hal. e. m. 1. 162 (1833) ; Wlk. Ater, opacus, anten- 
 nis acuminatis, abdominis maculis lateralibus cinereis. Long. 2 ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Black, dull. Front silvery, glossed above with black. Antenna 
 acuminated. Wings dark grey. Halteres piceous. Abdomen with 
 lateral grey triangular spots almost meeting in the middle. Knees and 
 
CHALARUS. 233 
 
 base of fore tarsi yellowish. Fern. Hypopygium short, globular, with a 
 blackish spine. 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 8. ruralis, Mg. zw. iv. 22. 8(1824); Mq. ; Wlk.; Ztt. Cinereus, alis 
 subcinereis, aldominis lateribus cano-maculatis, genubus fulvis, tarsis 
 piceis. Long. 1^-2 ; alar. 4f-5|- lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head silvery. Wings pale grey . Halteres piceous, with 
 whitish bands. Abdomen with triangular hoary spots along each side. 
 Legs black ; knees tawny, tarsi piceous. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 9. auctus, Mn.d. s. syrph. 61. 1. 2(1816); Mg. ; Mq.; Wlk.; 
 Ztt. Cinereus, alis subcinereis, abdominis lateribus cano-maculatis, 
 genubus fulvis, tarsis piceis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4^ lin. 
 
 Cinereous. Head silvery. Wings pale grey. Halteres ferruginous. 
 Abdomen with triangular hoary spots along each side. Legs black ; 
 knees tawny ; tarsi piceous. 
 
 Not common. (E. S. I.) 
 
 Genus II. CHALARUS. 
 
 CHALARUS, Wlk. e. m. ii. 269(1834). Pipunculus p., Mg. Cephalops 
 
 p., Tin. Ateleneura, Mq. 
 Alee vena cubitali fere recta, praebrachiali et anali abbreviatis. 
 
 Antennae with the third joint oval. Wings of moderate length ; third 
 cubital vein almost straight ; prabrachial and anal veins imperfect. 
 Abdomen depressed. 
 
 Male. Eyes parted. 
 
 1. holosericeus, Mg. zw. iv. 34. 12 (1824); Mq.; Wlk.; Ztt. 
 Niger, thoracis lateribus abdomineque nigro-fuscis, alis subcinereis, pe- 
 dibusfuscis ; Fcem. tarsis flavis. Long. 1 ; alar. 2 lin. 
 
 Black, dull. Sides of the thorax and abdomen blackish-brown. Wings 
 pale grey. Male. Halteres and legs brown ; knees and tarsi paler. Fern. 
 Halteres and legs yellow ; femora and tidies mostly brown. 
 
 Not common. (E. I.) 
 
 2. spurius, Fin. d. s. syrph. 16. 3 (1816); Mg. ; Wlk.; Ztt. 
 velutinus, Mq. Niger, alis cinereis ; Fcem. abdomine tarsisque nigro- 
 fuscis. Long. 1-li ; alar. 2-2| lin. 
 
 Black, dull, hairy. Wings dark grey. Fern. Wings paler. Abdomen 
 and tarsi blackish-brown. 
 Not common. (E. I.) 
 
 3. exiguus, Hal. e.m. 1. 162 (1833). Cinereus, alis limpidis, hal- 
 teribus albis, pedibus fusco-pallidis. Long, f ; alar. 1 lin. 
 
 VOL.I. 2 H 
 
234 
 
 SYRPHID^E. 
 
 Obscure cinereous. Wings colourless, with a faint brown costal spot. 
 Halteres white. Legs dusky yellow ; femora and middle of hind tibia 
 brown. 
 
 Bare. (E.) In Mr. Holiday's collection. 
 
 FAMILY XXV. SYEPIIID^E. 
 
 SYRPHID^J, Lch. ; Wtw. Syrphice, LI. g. e. ; Lm. ; St. F. et Srv. ; 
 Mq. Syrphii, Mq. SyrpJddes, LI. r. a. SyrpJddia p., Efnq. 
 Syrphici, Fin. ; Ztt. ; Ags. Sclerostoma p., Dmr. Aplocera p., Dmr. 
 Chetolona p., Dmr. SyrpJdna, Nwm. Syrphoides, Bmr. SirpMua, 
 Rdn. 
 
 Proboscis porrecta, basi geniculata, maxillis et palpis basi connatis. An- 
 tennae articulo tertio compresso, arista '6-articulata, articulis pe- 
 nultimis minutis aut indistinctis. Ales lobo axillari rotundato ; 
 vena ambiente nulla, cubitali simplici, spuriis binis; areola altera 
 completa juxla discalem propius apicem, bracliiali utraque et anali ala3 
 dimidium circiter attingentibus. Abdomen segmentis 5 (raro pluri- 
 bus). Tibia3 mutica3. 
 
 Body large or middle-sized ; ovate, oblong, or linear ; more or less 
 covered with short pubescence or soft hairs, very rarely a few stiff 
 bristles intermixed on the thorax ( F'olucella, Chrysoclamis) ; colours often 
 brilliant, sometimes metallic, yellow predominating in the markings. 
 Head about as broad as the thorax ; eyes not touching the peristoma, 
 often meeting on the front in the males, but distant in the females. 
 Occiput concave ; neck ligament very slender, so that the head is ver- 
 satile. Ocelli three in a triangle on the unarmed vertex. Face ample, 
 unarmed ; often elongated downwards or forwards, and gibbous below. 
 Peristoma usually oblong, expanded, with a prominent margin, to con- 
 tain the proboscis when retracted. Mentum developed, membranous, 
 forming a flexible fulcrum jointed at an angle with the porrected pro- 
 boscis. Labella pouting, fleshy. Labrum stout, strongly notched on 
 each side near the tip. Palpi slender, more or less connate with the se- 
 taceous maxilla?, their relative length being variable, rarely very minute 
 (Microdon). Antennae porrected or drooping, the third joint large, 
 bearing on its upper edge, but rarely at the extremity (Ceria, Callicera), 
 the slender terminal joints which form the arista or style ; these nor- 
 mally are three, but the first two are very short, and often become in- 
 distinct. Thorax rather depressed ; the mesosteraum little sloped, not 
 entirely concealed by the fore coxa3 ; suture before the wings, inter- 
 rupted in the middle ; scutellum rather large, usually semicircular, over- 
 hanging the metathorax. Lips of metathoracic spiracles, and a twisted 
 filiform appendage on each side between them and the base of the 
 
SYRPHIDJ3. 235 
 
 alulae, lanuginose. Wings incumbent or divaricated in repose ; hind 
 margin veinless, the costal vein ending at or before the tip of the wing, 
 where it receives the cubital, or radial in case the cubital is previously 
 merged in this ( Volucella> Eristalis) ; mediastinal vein distinct, ending 
 about the middle of costa, subcostal continued nearer to the tip ; me- 
 diastinal areolet (contained between the two) often coloured, appearing 
 as a narrow stigma ; ternate areolet long, viz., the prasbrachial extend- 
 ing to about the half-length of the wing, the pobrachial not much shorter, 
 the anal again longer, tapering to a point nearly at the hind margin ; 
 discal approaching the hind margin ; a transverse vein connecting the 
 cubital with the prabrachial vein near the margin, forming- a complete 
 subapical areolet, often like the discal in size and shape, rarely divided 
 into two by another transverse vein about the middle (Microdou) ; ex- 
 terno-medial veins not quite reaching the margin. Two spurious veins, 
 one before the prsebrachial, another behind the pobrachial. The lon- 
 gitudinal creases of the wing are particularly strong in this family, the 
 elevations being crowned by the subcostal, the first spurious, the pobra- 
 chial veins, and the axillary axis, respectively. Axillary lobe usually 
 ample and rounded, rarely indistinct (see table of genera). Alula3 mo- 
 derately large, rarely so large as to cover the halteres (Eristalis), or very 
 small (Baccha, &c.). Abdomen seldom showing more than five seg- 
 ments externally, the first short, but complete below as well as above ; 
 the sides sometimes margined ; the sexual appendages not very obvious : 
 the abdomen is often nearly filled with air, and partly diaphanous. 
 Legs of moderate length ; fore pair distant from the intermediate, and the 
 COXEG not so long as to reach these ; hind femora sometimes enlarged, 
 and toothed or spined ; tibiaa without terminal spurs, posterior pairs 
 rarely with a few bristles at the sides (Chrysoclamis); tarsi with the first 
 joint sometimes enlarged ; onycliia broad, membranous, hairy beneath ; 
 empodiuni recurved, slender, pointed, pubescent. 
 
 The coalescence of the palpi with the maxillae, and the marked 
 spurious veins, are characters almost peculiar to this family. They 
 differ besides, from the Platypezida by the length of the ternate 
 areolets, and the closed subapical areolet, from PipuncuKda by 
 the same characters in a less degree, and also by the ample face, 
 from Conopida by the long pobrachial areolet, from the " calyp- 
 trate " Muscidce by the length of the anal also. 
 
 The flies of this family are not predaceous, feeding mostly on 
 the nectar of flowers. They love to hover in the air over one 
 spot, their wings almost invisible through the rapidity of their 
 vibration, accompanied with a shrill hum ; if alarmed they dart 
 away with astonishing velocity, but soon resume a similar station. 
 The larvse are among those with a flexible head (" leeck-like" 
 Bouche), usually broad behind, attenuated before, otherwise vary- 
 ing much in figure, as they do in their food and habitation. The 
 
236 SYRPHIDjE. 
 
 larva of one (Microdon) has been described as a Gastropod 
 mollusk (Scut ellig era, Spix) ! The pupa is enclosed in the har- 
 dened skin of the larva ("coarctate"). 
 
 Scopoli (A. D. 1763) first distinguished this group from the 
 rest of the Linneean Musca, by an essential character taken from 
 the structure of the proboscis with the development of the 
 maxillary lancets (Ent. Cam. p. 351. g. Conops) ; but having 
 overlooked the slender tongue in Rkingia rostra fa, he was led to 
 constitute a distinct genus for this insect (ibid. 358), and he left 
 a few species of the family still in the genus Musca. Eabricius 
 (A. D. 1775) defined the contents more successfully (Syst. Ent. g. 
 Syrphus), but retained the distinction of the genus Rhingia. 
 Harris, in his 'Exposition of English Insects' (A. D. 1782), ex- 
 hibited the distinctive characters of the wings of this family 
 under three sections, which may be exemplified by the genera 
 Volucella, Eristalis, and Syrphus respectively. Latreille (Precis, 
 A. D. 1797) added the genus Ceria, and in 1802 gave the denomi- 
 nation to the family ; in which fifteen genera were characterized, 
 the year following, by Meigen (Illiger's Magazine, vol. ii.). In 
 the ' Systema Antliatorum/ the latest work of Eabricius, bearing 
 date 1805, the genera Syrphus and Rhingia of his previous 
 arrangements are distributed under twelve genera. The disposition 
 is faulty in many respects, and as he did not attend to the prior 
 applications of the generic names, the book is an authority only 
 as regards the species described in it. In 1809 Latreille gave a 
 more detailed character of the family, which he divided into 
 sections and fourteen genera, but still including in it the genus 
 Pipunculus (Gen. Cr. et Ins. torn. iv.). Pallen, in his first 
 arrangement of the family (A. D. 1810), included not only Pipun- 
 culus, but Scenopinus also, in the SyrpMci, following Eabricius in 
 the application of the generic names : in 1816 he described the 
 Swedish species, and limited the family by the removal of Sceno- 
 pinus. Meigen's first work on the species of European Diptera, 
 published in 1804, was not continued so far as to the present 
 family ; but his arrangement in the third volume of the ' Syste- 
 matische Beschreibung ' (A. D. 1822), with additions in the latei 
 volumes, has not been superseded by any other. Macquart (Ins 
 Dipt, du Nord de Prance) and Zetterstedt (Diptera Scandmavise] 
 have contributed much to the illustration of this family ; and Loev 
 (Entom. Zeitung) has subjected several of the genera to ;i, 
 thorough critical investigation, and has enriched them with many 
 new species. 
 
237 
 
 SYRPHHXE. 
 
 with a terminal style : f abruptly narrowed in the middle 1. CEBIA. 
 
 I gradually widened from the base outwards 2. CALLICERA. 
 
 ... 3. MlCRODON. 
 
 bisected transversely 
 
 meeting before they reach the f covered by the alulae 
 
 margin: halteres* 
 
 \ uncovered 13. VOLCCELLA. 
 
 as long as the breadth of f near the middle of the third joint 
 
 the head : arista < 
 
 I near the base of the third joint 
 
 5. ERISTALJS. 
 
 14. SEBICOMYIA. 
 16. PSABUS. 
 
 15. CHBYSOTOXUM. 
 
 8 r descending straight 4. EUMERUS. 
 
 I impressed 10. XTLOTA. 
 
 keeled: ridge ("angular 8. TEOPIDIA. 
 
 under hind femora* 
 \_ [curved 9. SYRITTA. 
 
 narrowed in the f elongated and tuberculated . 6. HELOPHILUS. 
 middle: epistoma< 
 
 I, short and even J. MERODON. 
 
 r shaggy with soft hair 12. CRIORHINA. 
 
 J merely pubescent 11. MILESIA. 
 
 if p. 1 
 
 .2 o with stiff bristles interspersed among 
 
 fs 5 * the pubescence 24. CHRYSOCLAMIS. 
 
 drawn out into a horizontal cone, as long as the rest of the head 23. RHINGIA. 
 descending straight 19. PIPIZA. 
 
 close together at the base : fundulated . . . .17. PARAGUS. 
 lower transverse vein< 
 
 ^straight 18. PSILOTA. 
 
 diverging f somewhat convex ; margin undefined 22. BRACHYOPA. 
 
 from the I 
 
 posterior < flat, with a sharp ("linear . . . .20. ORTHONEUBA. 
 
 margin : edge : third joint-i 
 
 scutellum {, of antennas ^oval or orbiculate 21. CHRYSOGASTER. 
 
 with seven segments apparent 
 
 pitted or channelled 
 
 28. MELITHREPTUS. 
 
 . 25. CHILOSIA. 
 
 even, convex: fimmaculate . 26. SYRPHUS. 
 sides of thorax < 
 
 Lvariegated with 
 
 yellow . .27. DOROS. 
 
 f slender like the others 29. BACCHJ 
 
 hindfemora< 
 
 frounded at the tip behind . . . .30. SPHEGINA. 
 Unlarged : subapical areolet-i 
 
 Ltruncated 31. ASCIA. 
 
238 
 
 Genus I. CERIA. 
 
 CERIA, Fb. e. s. iv. 277 (1792); Shr.; Mg.; LL; Fin.; St. F. et 
 Srv. ; Mq. ; Ct. ; Ztt. Musca p., L. ; Pz. Conops p., Shr. Syr- 
 pirns p., Pz. 
 
 Antennae articulo quarto apicali. Alee areola subapicali in medio ab- 
 
 rupte angusiata. 
 
 Head broader than the thorax, depressed in front, vertical ; epistoraa 
 long, conical, with a scapula above the peristoma. Proboscis short, 
 vertical. Labrum tapering near the tip which is edged, not so long as 
 the labium. Lingua somewhat shorter than the labrum. Maxillae 
 subulate, curved, compressed, shorter than the palpi. Palpi biarticu- 
 late, cylindrical, membranous, compressed, dilated at the tips; first 
 joint long ; second rhomboidal, pubescent. Labium cylindrical. An- 
 tenna 5 -jointed, pubescent, longer than the head, seated on a short ellip- 
 tical petiole, which is truncated in front ; first joint cylindrical, a little 
 thicker at the tip, longer than the second ; fourth apical, very small ; 
 fifth stylate. Thorax quadrate, rounded behind ; scutellum semicircular. 
 Wings very finely pubescent, diverging ; subapical areolet abruptly nar- 
 rowed in tlie middle ; alulaB very small. Halteres small, uncovered. 
 Legs stout; tibia3 subclavate. Male. Eyes contiguous. Abdomen 
 cylindrical. Fern. Eyes remote. Abdomen subfusiform. 
 
 1. conopsoides, L. 1790 (1761); Sib.; Shr. i. a.; Pz. ; Ll. ; 
 
 Mg.; St. F. etSrv.; Mq. ; Ct. ! b. e. 186; Df. ; Grn. ; Ztt. clavi- 
 cornis, Fb. ; Mg. kl. ; Fin. ; Dmr. vaginicornis, Shr. f. b. conop- 
 seus, Pz. Nigra flavo-varia, alis ad costam fuscis, femoribus basi flavis, 
 tibiis flavis apice nigris. Long. 5i ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Black. Head yellow along each side in front, and along the hind 
 border ; four yellow spots in a band behind the antennae. Two yellow 
 spots on each side of the thorax above and beneath ; a yellow band 
 across the scutellum. Wings brown along near half the breadth be- 
 neath the costa. Halteres tawny. Abdomen with a yellow spot on 
 each side of the base, and with 3 yellow bands along the hind borders 
 of the segments. Femora yellow towards the base ; tibiaB yellow, with 
 black tips. 
 
 Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 
 
 Genus II. CALLICERA. 
 
 CALLICETIA, Mg. kl.? (1804); Pz.; LI.; St. F. et Srv.; Mg. ; Ztt.; 
 Kdn. Bibio p., Fb. Musca p., Gm. Syrphus p., B,si. 
 
 Antenna articulo quarto apicali. Alee areola subapicali basi ad apicem 
 latescente. 
 
MICRODON. 239 
 
 Body broad. Head a little broader than the thorax. Antennas 
 longer than the head, seated on a tubercle; first joint cylindrical; 
 second clavate ; third tapering from near the base to the tip, almost 
 twice the length of the first and the second ; fourtJi very short, seated 
 on the tip of the third; fifth stylate. Thorax elliptical. Wings with 
 the subapical areolet gradually widened from the base outwards. Abdo- 
 men obconical. 
 
 1. senea, Fb. s. i. ii. 413. 4 (1781); Gm.; Mg. pi. 26. f. 20; 
 Pz. ; LI. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Edn. amea, Esi. ; Edn. Nigricans, abdomine 
 aneo, genubus tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis, antennarum articulis primo et 
 secv.udo subaquilongis. Long. 5 ; alar. 11 lin. 
 
 Blackish. First and second joints of the antenna of equal length. 
 Abdomen aeneous. Knees, tibia, and tarsi ferruginous. 
 
 Very rare ; has been found near Petersfield, Hampshire. In 
 Mr. Curtis's collection. (E.) 
 
 Genus III. MICRODON. 
 
 MlCEODON, Mg.; HI. mag. ii. 275 (1803); Mg.; Fin.; Ct.; Ztt. 
 Musca p., L. ; Dg. ; Slir. i. a. Stratiom.ys p., Shr. ; Pz. Syrphus 
 p., Fb. e. s. Mulio p., Fb. s. a. Aphritis, LI. ; Lch. ; St. F. et 
 Srv. ; Mq. 
 
 Antenna arlkulo qnarto dorsali. Ala areola subapicali transverse 
 
 bisecta. 
 
 Body short, broad, thick. Head short, obtuse, semicircular, as 
 broad as the thorax, much compressed in front ; epistoma very flat, 
 convex ? pilose ; peristoma small, oval. Eyes parted. Proboscis nearly 
 vertical, not longer than the head. Labrum short, robust, obtuse, 
 narrow in front. Lingua acute, very slender, as long as the labrum. 
 Palpi cylindrical, very small, hardly visible. Labium cylindrical, much 
 dilated. Antennae 5 -jointed, porrect, contiguous, seated on a hardly 
 perceptible elevation, somewhat longer than the head ; first and second 
 joints armed with fine spines ; first long, cylindrical, slender at the 
 base, almost as long as the two following; second and third com- 
 pressed; second cyathiform; third acute, broad at the base; fourth 
 very short, seated very near the base of the third ; fifth setiform, as long 
 as the third. Thorax nearly round, slightly quadrate ; scutellum semi- 
 circular ; hind border emarginate, armed with two little spines. Wings 
 veiy finely pubescent, a little shorter than the border, incumbent and 
 almost parallel in repose ; subapical areolet bisected transversely ; alulae 
 small. Halteres small, distinct. Abdomen obconical, broader and 
 longer than the thorax. Legs rather stout, pubescent ; tibiae slightly 
 curved. Male. Eyes more contiguous than in the female. 
 
240 SYRPHIDjE. 
 
 1. mutabilis, L. fn. 1807 (1761); Pz.; Fin.; Zit.apiformis, 
 Mg. ; Mq. ; Ct. ! b. e. 70. novus, Shr. i. a. -piger, Shr. f. b. api- 
 arius, Fb. auro-pubescens, LI. Nigro-chalybea, antennis nigris, alis 
 subcinereis, abdomine aureo-tomentoso apice ferrugineo, tibiis tarsisque 
 ferrugineis. Long. 4-5^; alar. 7-10 lin. 
 
 Chalybeous-black, shining, clothed with pale hairs. Antennae black. 
 Scutellum ferruginous. Wings pale grey. Halteres luteous. Abdomen 
 covered with gilded down ; tip ferruginous. Tidies and tarsi ferruginous ; 
 tibiae with black bands. 
 
 Bare. (E.I.) 
 
 2. apiformis, Dg. i. vi. 56. 18 (1783). mutabilis? L. ; Ztt. 
 mutabilis, Gm. ; Fin. ; Fb. ; Mg. ; Mq. -plebeia, Shr. conica, Pz. 
 micans? Mg. Nigro-chalybea, antennis nigris, alis subcinereis, abdo- 
 mine cano-hirto, apice ferrugineo, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis, metatarsis 
 fuscis. Long. 4-5 ; alar. 7-9 lin. 
 
 Chalybeous-black, shining, clothed with pale tawny hairs. Antennae 
 black. Scutellum ferruginous. Wings pale grey. Halteres luteous. 
 Abdomen covered with hoary down ; tip ferruginous. Tibiae and tarsi 
 ferruginous ; tibiae with black bands ; metatarsi brown. 
 
 Eare. (E.) 
 
 Genus IV. EUMERUS. 
 
 EUMERUS, Mg. zw. iv. 202 (1822) ; St. F. et Srv. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. ; 
 Ct. ; Be. Syrphus p., Fb. e. s ; Pz. Eristalis p., Fb. s. a. Milesia 
 p., LI. Pipeza p., Fin. 
 
 Epistoma recte descendens. Antennae capitis latitudine conjunctim bre- 
 viores, articulo quarto dorsali, sexto nudo vel pubescente. Scutellum 
 depressum, margine acuto. Alee areola subapicali Integra, venis sub- 
 costali et radiali margine disjunctis, vena transversa praebrachiali ad 
 vel ultra areolfs discalis medium locata, lobo axillari distincto. 
 Head semicircular, as broad as the thorax, somewhat depressed in 
 front ; face very hairy, slightly convex ; epistoma descending, straight, 
 not extending beyond the eyes, with no scapula; peristoma oval, 
 tolerably broad, somewhat acute in front, inclined upwards. Proboscis 
 short, thick. Labrum short, broad, truncated, notched and bilobed 
 at the tip. Lingua lanceolate. Maxillae short. Palpi linear, pubes- 
 cent, much shorter than the maxillae, their tips rounded and hairy. 
 Labium short, thick, cylindrical. Antenna jointly shorter than the 
 breadth of the Jtead, 6-jointed, approximate, porrect, nutant, diverging ; 
 first joint short ; second cyathiform, much broader ; third large, com- 
 pressed, round or somewhat obliquely truncated in front, or somewhat 
 pointed, with a fovea on the outside; fourth and fifth very short; 
 
EUMERUS. 241 
 
 fourth dorsal, cyathiform, seated on the third just before the middle ; 
 fifth a little longer ; sixth bare or pubescent, thick towards the base. 
 Thorax convex, pubescent, almost quadrate, with two whitish stripes 
 which do not extend beyond the middle ; scutellum flat, semicircular, 
 with a sharp finely granulated edge, which is beset with short bristles. 
 Wings moderately long, finely pubescent, incumbent and parallel in 
 repose ; subapical areolet entire ; subcostal and radial veins ending 
 separately in the margin ; transverse prtebrachial vein placed at or 
 beyond the middle of the discal areolet; axillary lobe distinct. Ab- 
 domen long, linear, pubescent, incurved at the tip ; segments coarc- 
 tate ; first segment very narrow. Legs rather short ; hind legs rather 
 longer than the anterior; hind femora very thick, with a double 
 row of slender spines on the apical half of the underside ; hind 
 tibia3 somewhat curved, subclavate, slightly thickened in the middle ; 
 hind metatarsi rather broad. Male. Eyes contiguous; facets large 
 in front. Abdomen obtuse at the tip. Fern. Eyes remote. Abdomen 
 acute at the tip. 
 
 The larvae feed on bulbous roots. 
 
 1. ornatus, Mg. zw. iii. 205. 4 (1822) ; Mq. ; Ztt. strigatus p., 
 Fin. ^Eneo-viridis, antennis ferrugineis, alis cinereis, abdomine utrin- 
 que lunulis tribus canis, pedibus nigris, tarsis fulvis. Long. 4 ; alar. 
 7 lin. 
 
 Cupreous. Eyes hairy. Antenna dark ferruginous. Thorax aeneous- 
 green. Wings grey ; stigma dark brown. Halteres luteous. Abdomen 
 black, cupreous on each side, with 3 interrupted arched hoary bands, 
 lurid beneath. Legs black ; knees and tarsi tawny ; tarsi brown to- 
 wards the base. 
 
 Eare. In Mr. Stephens^ collection. (E.) 
 
 2. ruficornis, Mg. zw. iii. 206. 5 (1822) ; Ztt. ; Ct. ; Lw. Cha- 
 lybeus, antennis rufis, thoracis disco aneo cano-bivittato, alis subcinereis, 
 abdomine utrinque lunulis tribus canis, pedibus nigris, tibiis basi tar- 
 sisque subtm rufis. Long. 3i ; alar. 6i lin. 
 
 Chalybeous. Antenna red. Disc of the thorax teneous, with 2 hoary 
 stripes. Wings slightly grey ; stigma brown. Halteres yellow. Ab- 
 domen black, adorned on each side with 3 slightly curved hoary bands. 
 Legs black ; tibia towards the base and tarsi beneath red. 
 
 Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 
 
 3. strigatus, Fin. d. s. syrph. 61. 8 (1816); Mg. ; Mq.; Ztt. 
 annulatus, Pz. Chalybeus, antennis nigris, thoracis disco aneo cano- 
 bivittato, alis subcinereis, abdomine utrinque lunulis tribus canis, tibiis 
 basi ferrugineis, t arsis piceis. Long. 4 ; alar. 7 lin. 
 
 Chalybeous. Antenna Hack. Disc of the thorax aneom, with 2 
 hoary stripes. Wings slightly grey ; stigma tawny. Halteres yellow. 
 Abdomen adorned on each side with 3 oblique slightly curved hoary 
 
 VOL. i. 2 i 
 
242 SYRPHID^E. 
 
 bands. Tibiae towards the base and knees ferruginous ; tarsi piceous j 
 hind femora armed beneath with about 12 minute teeth. 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 4. Selene, Mg. zw. iii. 210. 12 (1822). ^Eneus, antennis nigris, 
 thoracis disco cano-bivittato, alls cinereis, abdomine utrinque lunulis 
 tribus canis basiferrugineo, pedibus nigris. Long. 2^ ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 jEneous. Antenna black. Thorax with 2 hairy stripes. Wings 
 grey. Halteres luteous. Abdomen with 3 arched interrupted hoary 
 bands, ferruginous towards the base. Legs black. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 
 
 Genus V. ERISTALIS. 
 
 ERISTALIS, LI. d. h. n. (1804); Fb.; Mg.; St. F. et Srv.; Mq. ; 
 Lw. ; Ct. Mmca p., L. ; Dg. ; Gm. Conops p., Spl. Volucella p., 
 Shr. Syrphus p., Fb. e. s. ; Pz. ; Esi. Syrphus, Fin. ; Ztt. Elo- 
 pliilus p., LI. Milesia p., LI. 
 
 Antenna articulo quarto dorsali. Ala areola subapicali Integra, lobo 
 axillari distincto, venis subcostali et radiali ante marginem conjunctis. 
 Halteres alulis obtecti. 
 
 Body broad. Head semicircular; epistoma somewhat depressed 
 above, with a distinct scapula near the peristoma; peristoma long, 
 narrow in front, inclined upwards. Labrum long, narrower towards the 
 tip, which is notched. Lingua acute, nearly as long as the labrum. 
 Maxillae subulate, curved, much shorter than the lingua. Palpi cylin- 
 drical, curved upwards, longer than the maxillae; the proportionate 
 length of the maxillae and palpi varies much in the different species. 
 Labium long, large, semicylindrical. Antennas approximate, seated on 
 a tubercle in front, 5 -jointed, porrect, nutant ; first and second joints 
 small ; third patelliform ; fourth very short, seated on the base of the 
 third; fifth setiform. Thorax oval, hairy; scutellum semicircular. 
 Wings lanceolate, very shining, diverging; subapical areolet entire; 
 axillary lobe distinct; subcostal and radial veins meeting before they 
 reach the margin; alulae large, double, fringed. Halteres covered by 
 the alula. Abdomen obconical. Hind legs longer than the anterior ; 
 hind tibiae curved, compressed towards the tips. 
 
 These flies are of large size, and some have much resemblance 
 to bees. The larvae live in hollow trees, in mud, in stagnant 
 water, in gutters, and in sewers ; they vary in form according to 
 the species, and are furnished with long tails for the purpose of 
 breathing. In the larva of E. tenax only the two first internodes 
 of the spinal marrow are double, the rest being all single. The 
 fly has three ganglions in the thorax, and two in the abdomen. 
 
 
EEISTALIS. 243 
 
 The optic nerve is very large, cylindrical, and of a diameter equal 
 to the length of the brain, upon the side of which it is supported ; 
 it terminates in a very large bulb corresponding to the eye. The 
 species may be grouped thus : 
 
 #. Marginal areolet not reaching the external border of the wing. 
 
 6. Mediastinal areolet much longer than the marginal areolet. 
 
 Species 1-3. 
 
 6 b. Mediastinal and marginal areolets nearly equally long. 
 c. Antenna? with the fifth joint bare. Species 4, 5. 
 c c. Antennae with the fifth joint plumose. 
 
 d. Body very hairy. Abdomen almost globose. Species 6. 
 d d. Body merely pubescent. Abdomen conical. Sp. 7-12. 
 a a. Marginal areolet extending to the external border of the wing. 
 Species 13. 
 
 1. tenax, L. s. n. ii. 984. 82 (1767); Rm. ; Shi.; Fb.; Shr. ; 
 Gm. ; Mg. ; Pz. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. porcina, Dg. arbus- 
 torum, L. ; Shr. apiformis, Gf. vulgaris, Spl. -fuscus, Spl. campes- 
 tris, Mg. ; Mq. hortorum, Mg. Piceus, scutello fulvo, abdominis seg- 
 mentorum marginibus posticis maculisyue duabus lateralibus basi fulvis. 
 Long. 7 ; alar. 14 lin. 
 
 Piceous, clothed with tawny hairs. Head clothed with black hairs 
 on the crown and with whitish hairs in front, bare and shining above 
 the antennae and on the scapula above the peristoma. Antennae black. 
 Scutellum dull tawny. Wings colourless, slightly tawny along the 
 costa. Halteres tawny with piceous knobs. Abdomen with a large 
 transverse triangular more or less distinct tawny spot on each side near 
 the base ; hind borders of the segments tawny. Var. /3. Wings more 
 or less clouded with brown beneath the middle of the fore border. 
 Var. y. Abdomen with a narrow interrupted tawny stripe on the 
 second segment, spots near the base very large and distinct. 
 
 GeneraUy distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. fumipennis, St. ill. pi. 47. f. 3. Niger, antennis scutelloque 
 ferrugineis, alis nigro-fuscis apice margineque postico cinereis, abdomine 
 basi ferrugineo-bimaculato segmentorum marginibus postico luteis, femori- 
 bus posticis crassis, tibiis posticis latis arcuatis. Long. 6 ; alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Black, mostly clothed with ferruginous hairs. Head testaceous in 
 front, with a ferruginous scapula ; vertex clothed with black hairs. 
 Antenna and scutellum ferruginous. Wings dark brown, dark grey 
 at tlie tips and along the hind border. Abdomen with a large ferruginous 
 spot on each side of the base ; hind borders of the segments luteous. Legs 
 black, clothed with black hairs; hind femora thick', tibiae yellow 
 towards the base ; anterior tibiae brown ; hind tibiae broad, much 
 curved; tarsi ferruginous. 
 
 Very rare. In Mr. Stephens' s collection. (E.) 
 
244 SYRPHHXE. 
 
 3. cryptarum, Fb. e. s. iv. 285. 26 (1792); Fin.; Mg. ; Mq. ; 
 Tiit.^-nubilipennis, Ct. ! b. e. 432. arbustorum, Pz. ! fn. xiv. 22 ? Pi- 
 ceus, capite nigro, antennis scuielloque ferrugineis, alls basi et ad costam 
 fuscis, abdomine ferrugineo-bimaculato segmentorum marginibus posticis 
 Jlavis, pedibus ferrugineis, femoribus basi nigris. Long. 5; alar. 10 lin. 
 
 Piceous. Head black, shining. Antenna bright ferruginous. Thorax 
 clothed with ferruginous hairs ; scutellum ferruginous. Wings colour- 
 less, clouded with dark brown at the base and along three-fourths of the 
 costa. Halteres tawny. Abdom-en with a very large triangular ferru- 
 ginous spot on each side of the second segment ; hind borders of the seg- 
 ments yellow. Legs ferruginous ; anterior femora black, ferruginous 
 towards the tips ; hind femora black at the base ; tips of the tarsi 
 piceous. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E. S. I.) 
 
 4. seneus, Spl. e. c. 967 (1763) ; Fb.; Pz.! fn. Ixxx. 15 ; Ll. ; Fin. ; 
 Mg. ; Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. punctatus, Mir. JEneus, antennis ferrugineis, 
 pedibus nigris, tibiis basi flams ; Fcem. thorace cano-quinquevittato. 
 Long. 5^ ; alar. 1 lin. 
 
 J&neous. Head covered in front with white down. Antenna fer- 
 ruginous. Wings colourless, slightly tinged with brown from the base 
 along two-thirds of the costa. Halteres tawny. Legs black ; tibiae at 
 the base and knees yellow. Jem. Thorax with five hoary stripes. Var. . 
 Middle tarsi yellow at the base. 
 
 Not rare. (E. I.) 
 
 5. sepulcralis, L. s. n. ii. 991. 73 (1767); Fb.; Stir.; Gm. ; 
 Mg.; Mq.; Lw. ; Ztt.tristis, Fb. ; Pz. ! fn. Ixxxii. 16; LI.; Fin. 
 
 Niger, antennis articulo tertio subtus ferrugineo ; Mas. thorace antico 
 cinereo-bivittato, abdomims lateribus a3neo-maculatis ; Fcem. thorace 
 cano-quinquevittato, abdomine aBneo. Long. 4-5 ; alar. 8-10 lin. 
 
 Mack. Head clothed in front with white down. Third joint of the 
 antenna ferruginous beneath. Wings colourless. Halteres tawny. 
 Anterior knees ferruginous. Male. Eyes parted above. Thorax with 
 two cinereous stripes in front. Abdomen with large triangular aeneous 
 spots along each side. Fern. Thorax with five hoary stripes. Abdomen 
 aeneous. 
 
 Not rare. (E. L) 
 
 6. intricarius, L. s. n. ii. 985. 33(1767); Dg.; Fb.; Shr. ; Pz.; 
 Ros.; Fin.; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt.; Iw.bombyliformis,^.', Pz. ! fn. lix. 
 11. aureus, Pz. Piceus, ferrugineo- vel nigro-Mrtus, scutello fulvo, 
 tibiis basi albis ; Mas. abdomine concolore segmentis secundo et tertio 
 lateribus macula fulva; Fcem. abdomine nigro albo-hirsuto, alis in 
 medio macula costali fusca notatis. Long. 5^-6 ; alar. 12-13 lin. 
 
 Piceous. Head clothed with tawny down ; a black scapula above 
 the peristoma. Antennas piceous ; fourth joint tawny. Tfwrax thickly 
 clothed with ferruginous hairs ; scutellum tawny. Wings colourless, 
 
E1USTALIS. 245 
 
 brownish at the base ; alula? grey. Halteres piceous. Legs black ; 
 tibia white towards the base; tarsi piceous. Male. Abdomen ferru- 
 ginous, clothed with tawny hairs; disc black towards the base. Fern. 
 Wings slightly clouded with brown beneath the middle of the costa. 
 Abdomen black, clothed with black hairs ; tip clothed with whitish 
 hairs. Var. /3, mas. Thorax clothed with blackish-brown hairs. Ab- 
 domen black, with two large tawny spots on each side. Var. y, fcem. 
 Tip of the abdomen clothed with tawny hairs. 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 7. similis, Fin. d. s. syrph. 25.16(1816); Mg. ; Mq.j Lw.; Ztt. 
 pertinax ? Spl. Piceus, scutello ferrugineo, abdomine nigro segmen- 
 torum marginibus maculisque duabus lateralibus bad fulvis, pedibus ni- 
 gris, tibiis basi tar sisqueanterioribus fulvis. Long. 6-7 ; alar. 12-14 lin. 
 
 Piceous, clothed with tawny hairs. Head clothed on the crown and 
 above the antennae with black hairs. Antenna? black. Disc of the 
 thorax clothed with ferruginous hairs ; scutellum ferruginous. Wings 
 colourless, slightly clouded with brown beneath the middle of the costa. 
 Halteres tawny. Abdomen black, with a very large triangular tawny 
 spot on each side beneath the fore border ; hind borders of the segments 
 tawny. Legs black ; tibia? towards the base, knees and anterior tarsi 
 tawny. Var. /3. Wings quite colourless. Var. y. Wings much clouded 
 with brown. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.S.I.) 
 
 8. nemorum, L. s.n.ii. 984.30 (1767); Em.; Gf. ; Fb.; Shr.; 
 Ros. ; Gm. ; LI. ; Mg. : Mq. ; Lw, ; Ztt. arbustorum p., Fin. Pi- 
 ceus, fulvo-hirtus, scutello ferrugineo, abdomine nigro, segmentorum 
 marginibus posticis maculisque duabus lateralibus basi fulvis, pedibus 
 nigris, tibiis basi tarsisque fulvis, tarsis posticis piceis. Long. 5-6 ; 
 alar. 10-1 2 lin. 
 
 Piceous, clothed with tawny hairs. Head covered with whitish down ; 
 a black scapula above the peristoma ; crown clothed with black hairs. 
 Antenna? black ; fourth joint tawny. Scutellum ferruginous. Wings 
 colourless, very slightly clouded with brown beneath the middle of the 
 costa. Halteres tawny. Abdomen black, with a large tawny triangu- 
 lar spot on each side near the base ; hind borders of the segments 
 tawny. Legs black ; tibia? towards the base and anterior tarsi tawny ; 
 hind tarsi piceous, ferruginous beneath. Var. /3. Wings quite colourless. 
 Var. y. Anterior tibia? tawny. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 9. arbustorum, s. i. ii. 424. 15 (1775); Gm.; Shr.; RsL; Pz.; 
 LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. horticola var., Dg. fig. Sch. i. e. 
 Ixxxi. 1 . Piceus, fulvo-hirtus, thorace cinereo-subvittato, scutello ferru- 
 gineo, segmentorum marginibus posticis maculisque duabus lateralibus 
 fulvis, pedibus nigris, tarsis intermediis tibiisque basi flavis. Long 5- 
 5; alar. 11-12 lin. 
 
 
246 SYEPHIDJ5. 
 
 Piceous, clothed with tawny hairs. Head covered in front with pale 
 yellow down, clothed on the crown with black hairs. Antennae black. 
 Thorax with indistinct hoary stripes; scutellum ferruginous. Winga 
 colourless. Halteres tawny. Abdomen with a large tawny more or 
 less triangular spot occupying the whole of each side of the second seg- 
 ment ; hind borders of the segments tawny. Legs black ; tibiae and 
 middle tarsi yellow towards the base. Var. /3. Abdominal spots oc- 
 cupying only part of each side of the second segment. Var. y. Abdominal 
 spots occupying the base of each side of the third segment. Var. 8. 
 Wings very slightly clouded with brown beneath the middle of the 
 costa. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 10. horticola, Dg. i. vi. 60. 5 (1783); Fb. ; Mg.; Fin.; Mq.; 
 Lw. -Jlavicinctus, Fin. ; Ztt. Piceus, fulvo-hirtus, abdomine nigro basi 
 
 .et segmentorum marginibus posticis luteis, pedibus nigris, femoribus pos- 
 ticis tarsisque intermediis basi luteis, tibiis luteis apice nigris. Long. 5^ 
 -6; alar. 12-13 lin. 
 
 Piceous, clothed with tawny hairs. Head covered in front with 
 yellow down, piceous above the antennae, with a black shining scapula 
 above the peristoma. Antennae piceous ; fourth joint tawny. Wings 
 colourless, slightly clouded with brown beneath the middle of the costa. 
 Halteres tawny. Abdomen black, with a very large, luteous, irregularly 
 triangular spot occupying tlie whole of the first segment and the base of 
 the second on each side ; hind borders of the segments luteous. Legs 
 black ; hind femora luteous towards the base ; tibiae luteous with black 
 tips; middle tarsi luteous towards the base; fore tarsi ferruginous 
 towards the base. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 11. rupium, Fb. s. a. 241. 38 (1805); Mg. -piceus, Fin. ; Ztt. 
 cryptarum, Pz. ! fn. xc. 18. -Jlavicinctus var. /3., Fin. Niger, ferrugineo- 
 hirtus, scutello ferrugineo, (arsis posterioribus tibiisque Jlavis apice nigris. 
 Long. 5^ ; alar. 10 lin. 
 
 Black. Vertex clothed with black hairs ; front clothed with fer- 
 ruginous hairs ; epistoma, excepting the scapula, covered with whitish 
 down, clothed with whitish hairs. Front joint of the antennae ferru- 
 ginous, clothed with long hairs. Thorax clothed with ferruginous hairs; 
 scutellum ferruginous. Wings colourless, brownish at the base, and 
 with a large rhomboidal dark brown spot beneath the stigma, which 
 is black. Abdomen clothed with ferruginous hairs at the base, and along 
 each side with short whitish hairs. Tibiae and posterior tarsi yellow, black 
 towards the tips ; fore tarsi piceous towards the base. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E. S.) 
 
 1 2. fossarum, Mgrle. ; Mg. zw. iii. 393. 10 (1822) ; Mq. Piceus, 
 fulvo-hirtus, scutello ferrugineo, abdominis segmentis teneo-fcisciatis, pe- 
 dibus nigris, tarsis intermediis tibiisque basiflavis. Long. 5 ; alar. 11. 
 
ERlSTAlIS. 247 
 
 y clothed with dark tawny hairs. Head covered in front with 
 whitish down ; a black shining scapula above the peristoma. Antennae 
 black. Scutellum ferruginous. Wings colourless, slightly tinged with 
 brown along the fore border from the base to the middle, Halteres 
 tawny . Abdomen black ; each segment with an aeneous band ; hind borders 
 tawny. Legs black ; tibia and middle tarsi yellow towards the base. 
 Var. j3. Hind borders of the abdominal segments hoary. Var. y. Second 
 abdominal segment with a triangular tawny spot on each side. 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 13. floreus, L. s. n. ii. 984. 29 (1763); Dg. ; Fb.; Shr. ; Gm. ; 
 Schf. ; Pz.; Rsi.; LI.; Fin.; Mg.; Mq. ; Ztt. atropos, Shr.; Gm. 
 Niger, thorace cano-trivittato, scutello ferrugineo, dbdominis segmentorum 
 marginibus posticis flams lateribus Jlavo-trimaculatis, tibiis flams apice 
 nigris. Long. 6 ; alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Black, clothed with yellow hairs. Head covered with yellow down, 
 which is interrupted by a black shining stripe. Thorax with three hoary 
 bands ; scutellum ferruginous. Wings slightly grey, tinged with pale 
 brown along the costa for more than half the length from the base. 
 Halteres yellow. Abdomen with three transverse yellow spots on each 
 side ; first pair very large; hind borders of the segments yellow. Knees 
 and tibiae yellow, the latter black towards the tips. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 Genus VI. HELOPHILUS. 
 
 HELOPHILUS, Mg. zw. iii. 368 (1822) ; St. F. et. Srv. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Ct. ; 
 Lw. Musca p., L. ; Dg. ; Shr. Syrphus p., Fb. ; Pz. ; Fin. Eristalis 
 p., Fb. Elophilus p., Mg. kl. ; LI. 
 
 Epistoma elongatum, tuber culatum. Antenna capite transfer so conjunc- 
 tim breviores, articulo quarto dorsali, quinto nudo velpubescente. Scu- 
 tellum sat convexum, margine non bene determinato. Ala areola sub- 
 apicaliintegra ad medium contracta, lobo axillari distincto, venis sub- 
 costali et radiali ad marginem disjunctis, vena transversa prabrachiali 
 ultra areolcB discalis medium locata. 
 
 Body broad. Head semicircular; epistoma somewhat compressed, 
 elongated and tuberculated, slightly rostrate in some species ; peri- 
 stoma oblong. Eyes bare, parted. Labrum short, rather long, more 
 slender towards the tip, which has five narrow lobes. Lingua lanceo- 
 late, acute, with a ridge along the middle, as long as the labrum. Max- 
 illae subulate, curved upwards, shorter than the lingua, as long as the 
 palpi. Palpi cylindrical, curved upwards, obtuse, beset with short 
 bristles towards the tips. Labium large. Antenna 5-jointed, porrect, 
 nutant, seated on a little tubercle in front, jointly shorter than the 
 breadth of the head ; first and second joints small ; second cyathiform, 
 
248 SYRPHID^E. 
 
 much broader than the first ; third flat, almost circular ; fourth very 
 minute, seated near the base of the third; fi/tli setiform, bare or 
 pubescent. Thorax subquadrate, pubescent. Scutellum somewhat 
 convex, with an undefined edge, semicircular. Wings lanceolate, very 
 finely pubescent, diverging; subapical areolet entire, narrowed in 
 the middle ; axillary lobe distinct, subcostal and radial veins ending 
 separately -in the margin ; transverse pr&brachial vein placed beyond the 
 middle of the discal areolet ; alulae large, double. Halteres covered. 
 Abdomen elliptical, obconical, or linear. Hind femora long, fusiform, 
 thicker than the anterior, ^beset with spines beneath towards the tips ; 
 hind tibias curved. Male. Eyes more approximate than in the female. 
 
 The larvae of some species of this and of the preceding genus 
 are aquatic, and their structure and habits are described in the 
 following extract : " The larva of Helophilus pendulus has four- 
 teen unguiferous prolegs or tubercula, which are perhaps con- 
 nected with the respiration ; they are affixed by pairs to the ven- 
 tral segments, the twelve posterior ones of which are subconical, 
 and truncate at the apex, which is surrounded with two circles of 
 very minute claws, those of the inner being much more numerous 
 and shorter than those of the exterior circle ; while the anterior 
 pair terminate in a flat expansion, and in shape almost exactly 
 resemble those of a mole. When about to assume the pupa-state, 
 it leaves the water and betakes itself to the shore, and resides in 
 the earth. The respiratory organ is a continuation of the tail, 
 and is composed of two tubes, the inner one, like the tube of a 
 telescope, being retractile within the other. The extremity, which 
 is very slender, and through which the air finds admission by a 
 pair of spiracles, terminates in five diverging hairs or rays, which 
 probably maintain it in equilibrium at its station at the surface. 
 As these larvae seek their food amongst the mud at the bottom of 
 shallow pools, in which they are constantly employed, they require 
 an apparatus capable of being lengthened or shortened, to suit 
 the depth of the water, that they may maintain their necessary 
 communication with the atmosphere ; and therefore, both these 
 tubes are extremely elastic, consisting of annular fibres, so as to 
 admit their being stretched to near twelve times the length of the 
 animal. The mechanism by which the terminal piece is pushed 
 forth, or retracted, consists of two large parallel tracheae ; the di- 
 rection of these is from the head of the grub to the tail, and they 
 occupy a considerable portion of its interior : near the origin of 
 the tail, where they are very ample, they suddenly grow very small, 
 so as to form a pair of very slender tubes, but so long, that, in 
 order to find room in a very contracted space, they form nume- 
 
HELOPHILUS. 249 
 
 rous zigzag folds attached to the terminal tube ; when this issues 
 from the outer tube, they consequently begin to unfold, and when 
 it is entirely disengaged, they are become quite straight and 
 parallel to each other. It is supposed that when the animal has 
 occasion to push forth its respiratory apparatus, it injects into 
 these vessels part of the air contained in the body of the tracheae, 
 which would cause them to unfold and push forth the tube. 
 When this insect assumes the pupa, instead of its anal respiratory 
 organ it has four respiratory horns in the trunk near the head." 
 The species may be thus divided : 
 
 a. Abdomen oval. 
 
 b. Abdomen semitransparent. Antennae black. Species 1-3. 
 
 b b. Abdomen opake. Antennae luteous. Species 4. 
 a a. Abdomen linear. Species 5-7. 
 
 1 . pendulus, L. s. n. ii. 784. 28 (1767) ; Em. ; Schll, ; Schff. ; 
 Dg. ; Fb. ; Shr. ; Gm. ; Gf. ; Pz. ; Mg. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. 
 similis, Ct. Niger, capitejlavo nigro-vittato, abdomine chalybeoferrugineo- 
 quefasciato lateribusfulvo-maculato. Long. 4-6 ; alar. 8-12 lin. 
 
 Black. Head in front yellow with a black stripe. Fourth joint of 
 the antennae luteous. Thorax with four yellow stripes; scutellum 
 tawny. Wings slightly grey. Halteres yellow. Abdomen with chaly- 
 beous bands along tlie ferruginous hind borders of the segments, and with 
 two large tawny angular spots on each side near the base ; first pair 
 yellow in front, larger than the second, which have two yellow dots 
 between them, and a yellow interrupted band behind them. Femora tawny 
 towards the tips ; tibiae tawny ; tips of the fore tibiae and of the hind 
 tibiae black. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. hybridus, *Lw. e. z. vii. 141. 5 (1846). Niger, capite fiavo 
 luteo-vittato, abdomine luteo nigro-vittato. Long. 6 ; alar. 11 lin. 
 
 Black. Head in front yellow, with a black stripe. Fourth joint of 
 the antennae luteous. Thorax with four yellow stripes; scutellum 
 ferruginous. Wings colourless. Halteres yellow. Abdomen luteous, 
 with a black dorsal stripe, which is widened at the base and towards the 
 tip, where there is a dingy yellow band, whose hind border is deeply in- 
 dented. Hind femora with an indistinct tawny band on each tip ; an- 
 terior femora luteous towards the tips ; hind tibiae luteous towards the 
 base ; anterior tibiae luteous ; tips of fore femora black ; middle tarsi 
 tawny towards the base. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E<) 
 
 3. triyittatus, Fb. s. a. 235. 15 (1805); Mg. ; Ztt.; Lw. pen- 
 dulus, Rsi. Niger, capite fiavo luteo-vittato. Long. 7-8 ; alar. 12-14 
 lin. 
 
 VOL. i. 2 K 
 
250 SYRPHID^E. 
 
 Black. Head in front yellow, with a luteous stripe. Fourth joint of 
 the antennae luteous. Thorax with four yellow stripes ; scutellum fer- 
 ruginous. Wings colourless. Halteres yellow. Abdomen with a 
 black stripe which is widened at the base and along the hind border of 
 each segment, and occupies the whole of the tip, where there is an un- 
 dulating hoary band. Hind femora with an indistinct tawny band on 
 each tip ; anterior femora luteous towards the tips ; hind tibia? luteous 
 towards the base ; anterior tibia? luteous ; anterior tarsi ferruginous. 
 Var. j8. Fore tarsi tawny. Var. y. Anterior tarsi tawny. 
 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 4. versicolor, Fb. e. s. iv. 283. 19 (1792); Gm. ; Lw. Antennis 
 luteis, facie sub antennis valde excavata,fronte foemina tola nigro-pilosa, 
 
 femoribus posticis in utroque sexu muticis. Long. 4^-5 ; alar. 9-10 lin. 
 
 Piceous, Head yellow in front ; face much excavated. Antenna 
 luteous. Thorax with four tawny stripes, thickly clothed with tawny 
 hairs; scutellum ferruginous. Wings slightly grey. Halteres yel- 
 low. Abdomen black, with two large angular luteous spots on each 
 side towards the base, and with a luteous band on the hind border of 
 each segment ; tip buff. Legs luteous ; kind femora unarmed, black 
 with luteous tips ; hind knees black ; anterior femora black at the base ; 
 hind tarsi piceous. Fern. Front clothed with black hairs. Var. /3. 
 Bands of the abdomen interrupted towards the tip and forming black 
 spots on each side. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 5. lineatus, Fb. e. s. iv. 375. 2 (1792) ; Fin. ; Mg. I zw. pi. 32. 
 f. 7 ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. muscaria, Fb. ; Pz. Facie longissime producta 
 conica apice acuta, antennarum articulis primo et secundo nigro-fuscis. 
 Long. 4-4^; alar. 8-9 lin. 
 
 Black. Head yellow ; vertex black ; epistoma very much produced, 
 conical, acute, black on each side. Antenna) ferruginous ; first and 
 second joints piceous. Thorax with four slender luteous stripes ; scu- 
 tellum tawny, dingy towards the base. Wings grey. Halteres yel- 
 low. Abdomen with sometimes indistinct whitish transverse dorsal 
 spots on the hind borders of the segments. Legs luteous ; femora, 
 tibia?, and hind knees with black bands ; a black dot on the inner side 
 of each of the hind femora ; hind tarsi piceous. Male. Abdomen with 
 three interrupted slightly curved luteous bands, which are much dilated 
 on each side ; tip pale tawny. Fern. Abdomen with three interrupted 
 curved whitish bands ; tip whitish. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 6. lunulatus, Mg. ! zw. iii. 370. 2. pi. 32. f. 9 (1822); Mq. ; 
 Lw. ; Ztt. Facie producta subconica apice obtusa, thoracis vitta inter- 
 media nigra indivisa. Long. 5 ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Black. Head yellow ; vertex tawny ; epistoma produced, obtuse, 
 black on each side. Antenna? ferruginous, luteous at the base. Thorax 
 
MERODON. 251 
 
 with four luteous stripes ; scutellum tawny, dingy towards the base. 
 Wings slightly grey. Halteres yellow. AMomen with three curved 
 interrupted yellow bands ; hind borders of the segments glaucous ; tip 
 yellow. Legs luteous; hind legs darker than the anterior; hind 
 femora striped with black ; hind tibiae piceous at the base ; hind tarsi 
 piceous or ferruginous. 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 7. transfugus, L. f. s. 1818 (1761); Gm.; Mg. ! zw. pi. 32. 
 
 f. 8 ; Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. lineatus p., Fin. Ruddii, Ct. Facie producta 
 subconica apice obtusa, thoracis vitta intermedia nigra lima pallida di- 
 visa. Long. 4^ ; alar. 8 lin. 
 
 Brown. Head yellow ; vertex tawny, piceous about the ocelli ; 
 epistoma produced, obtuse, black on each side. Antennae ferruginous ; 
 first joint piceous ; second dark ferruginous. Thorax with four slender 
 luteous stripes ; scutellum dingy tawny. Wings pale grey. Halteres 
 whitish. Abdomen black, tawny beneath, adorned on each side above 
 with three transverse curved pale yellow marks ; tip pale yellow. Legs 
 luteous ; femora striped with black ; hind femora spotted with black on 
 the inner side ; tibiae with black bands ; hind tarsi piceous. 
 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 Genus VII. MERODON. 
 
 MERODON, Fb. s. a. 71 (1805) ; LI. ; Mg. ; St. F. et Srv. ; Mq. ; Ct. ; 
 Rdn. Syrphus p., Fb. s. i. ; Rsi. ; Pz. Musca p., Gm. Milesia p., 
 LI.; Fb. 
 
 Epistoma breve, Iceve. Antenna capite transverso conjunctim breviores, 
 articulo quarto dorsali, quinto nudo vet pubescente. Scutellum sat 
 convexum, margine non bene determinato. Alee areola subapicali in- 
 tegra ad medium contracta, lobo axillari distincto, venis subcostali et 
 radiali ad marginem disjunctis, vena transversa prabrachiali ultra 
 areolae discalis medium inserta. , 
 
 Body broad, hairy. Head short, semicircular ; epistoma short, even, 
 without scapula, very hairy ; peristoma oval, somewhat straitened in 
 front. Eyes hairy. Labrum narrower towards the tip, which is notched 
 on both sides. Lingua subulate, acute, nearly as long as the labrura. 
 Maxillae subulate, bare, longer than the palpi. Palpi short, somewhat 
 clavate, beset with long bristles. Labium cylindrical. Antennas six- 
 jointed, porrect, nutant, approximate, seated on a tubercle, rather 
 low on the front, jointly shorter than the breadth of the head ; second 
 joint a little shorter than the first ; third conical, compressed, much 
 longer than the second ; fourth and fifth very short ; fourth seated on 
 the base of the third ; sixth setiform, stout, bare. Thorax almost ellip- 
 
252 SYRPHID^E. 
 
 V- 
 
 tical scutellum semicircular, somewhat convex, with an undefined edge. 
 Wings lanceolate, diverging, finely pubescent ; subapical areolet entire, 
 narrowed in the middle; axillary lobe distinct; subcostal and radial 
 veins ending separately in the margin ; transverse prcsbrachial vein placed 
 beyond the middle of the discal areolet. Alulae large, double. Halteres 
 covered. Abdomen obconical. Legs stout ; hind femora thick, armed 
 beneath with a large tooth ; hind tibia3 curved. Male. Eyes united. 
 Abdomen almost cylindrical. Fern. Eyes parted. Abdomen nearly oval. 
 The larvse feed on the bulbs of the 
 
 1. clavipes, Fb. s. i. ii. 427. 29 (1781) ; LI.; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ct.! 
 b. e. 98. curvipes, Gm. gravipes, Rsi. Niger, alis subcinereis ; Mas. 
 thorace fulvo-hirto nigro-fasciato, abdomine aureo-hirto; Fcem. tho- 
 race rufo-hirto, abdomine basi incisurisque aureo-hirtis. Long. 8; 
 alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Black. Wings pale grey. Male. Thorax clothed with tawny hairs 
 with the exception of a broad black band. Abdomen clothed with 
 gilded hairs. Fern. Thorax clothed with reddish hairs ; abdomen with 
 gilded hairs at the base and at the sutures. 
 
 Very rare; has been found in Northamptonshire. In the 
 British Museum, and in Mr. Desvignes' collection. (E.) 
 
 Genus VIII. TROPIDIA. 
 
 TROPIDIA, Mg. zw. iii. 347. 2 (1822) ; St. F. et Srv. ; Mg. ; Lw. ; 
 Ztt. ; Ct. ; Rdn. Eristalis p., Fin. 
 
 .Epistoma carinatum. Antenna capitis latitudine conjunctim breviores ; 
 
 articulus quintus nudus. Scutellum depressum, acutum. Areola sub- 
 
 apicalis integra; lobus axillaris distinctus; vence subcostalis et radialis 
 
 ad marginem disjunct^; vena transversa prabrachialis trans medium 
 
 areola discalis inserta. Femora postica acie angulata armata. 
 
 Body rather broad, convex. Head semicircular ; epistoma keeled. 
 
 Labrum long, emarginate at the tip. Lingua slender, acute, as long as 
 
 the labrum. Maxillas sublanceolate, nearly as long as the lingua. 
 
 Palpi slender, pilose, shorter than the maxillas. Labium rather large. 
 
 AntennaB 6-jointed, approximate, inserted in a small cavity at the upper 
 
 part of a protuberance in the middle of the face, jointly shorter than the 
 
 breadth of the head ; first joint short, cylindrical ; second stouter, pilose, 
 
 cyathiform ?, oblique at the tip ; third patelliform, truncate at the tip ; 
 
 fourth and fifth extremely short ; fourth seated on the third a little before 
 
 the middle; sixth setiform, bare, very long. Thorax subquadrate, slightly 
 
 rounded ; scutellum semicircular, fiat, with a sharp edge. Wings finely 
 
 pubescent, incumbent, parallel, somewhat deflexed ; subapical areolet 
 
 entire; axillary lobe distinct; subcostal and radial veins 'ending sepa- 
 

 SYRITTA. 253 
 
 rately in tJte margin; transverse prabrachial vein placed beyond the 
 middle of the discal areolet. Hind femora thick, compressed at the 
 tips, armed beneath with an annular ridge ; hind tibise stout, curved. 
 Male, Eyes contiguous. Abdomen somewhat obclavate, furnished at 
 the tip beneath with two short appendages, and with two fascicles of 
 curved hairs. Fern. Eyes approximate. Abdomen nearly cylindrical. 
 
 1. milesiformis, Tin, syrph. Hi. 5 (1816); Mg. ; Mq.; Lw. ; 
 Ztt. rufomaculata, Ct. ! b. e. 401. Nigra, antennis piceis articulo se- 
 cundo feiTugineo, alis subcinereis, abdomine luteo basi apice vittaque 
 dorsali nigris, pedibus fulvis, tibiis apice femoribusque anterioribus pe- 
 dibusque posticis piceis. Long. 3^-4 ; alar. 7-8 lin. 
 
 Black. Head yellow about the peristoma. Antennas piceous ; second 
 joint ferruginous. Wings slightly grey. Halteres yellow. Abdomen 
 luteous ; base, tip, and dorsal stripe black. Legs tawny ; hind legs 
 piceous ; anterior femora piceous, with tawny tips ; anterior tibia3 
 piceous towards the tips. 
 
 Hare. (E.) 
 
 Genus IX. SYRITTA. 
 
 SYRITTA, St. F. et Srv. enc. x. 808. (1825); Mq. ; Mg. zw. vii.; 
 Ztt. ; Edn. Musca p., L. ; Dg. ; Shr. ; Gf. ; Gm. Conops p., Spl. 
 Syrphus p., Fb. ; Pz. Milesia p., Fb. ; LI. ; Fin. Xylota p., Mg. 
 Coprina, Ztt. i. 1. 
 
 Epistoma carinatum. Antenna capitis latitudine conjunctim breviores ; 
 articulus quartus dorsalis, quintus nudus. Scutellum depressum, acutum. 
 Areola subapicalis Integra ; lobus axillaris distinctus ; vence subcostalis 
 et radialis ad marginem disjunct^ ; vena transversa prtebrachialis ad 
 vel trans medium areola discalis locata. Femora postica acie arcuata 
 armata. 
 
 Body rather narrow, convex. Head semicircular ; epistoma keeled. 
 Maxillas much longer than the palpi. Palpi almost clavate, not half the 
 length of the labrum, somewhat bristly towards the tips. Antennae 
 jointly shorter than the breadth of the head ; fourth seated on the third, a 
 little before the middle ; sixth setiform, bare, long. Thorax subqua- 
 drate, slightly rounded; scutellum semicircular,^^, with a sharp edge. 
 Wings narrow, incumbent and parallel in repose ; subapical areolet 
 entire ; axillary lobe distinct ; subcostal and radial veins ending sepa- 
 rately in the margin ; transverse prcebrachial vein placed at or beyond 
 the middle of the discal areolet. Abdomen linear, cylindrical, narrower 
 than the thorax. Hind femora thick, armed beneath with a curved ridge ; 
 hind tibiae stout, curved. 
 
 1. pipiens, L. f. s. 1822 (1761); Dg. ; Fb. ; Spl.; Shr.; Gf. ; 
 
254 SYRPHID^E. 
 
 Gm. ; Pz. ; Mg. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; St. F. et Srv. Nigro-cenea, 
 antennis ferrugineis apice nigris, thorace glauco-bivittato, alls limpidis, 
 abdomine atro maculis sex subtrigonis fulvis ornato, pedibus ferrugi- 
 neis, femoribus posticis supra nigris, tibiis posticis nigro-bifasciatis, 
 tarsis posticis snbfuscis basi nigris. Long. 3^-4 ; alar. 6-7 lin. 
 
 ^Eneous-black. Face, epistoma, sides of the peristoma, and under 
 side covered with whitish bloom ; sides of the peristoma yellow. An- 
 tenna3 ferruginous ; fourth and fifth joints black. Thorax adorned in 
 front with 2 short bluish-white stripes ; sides and breast covered with 
 yellowish-white bloom ; a slight black scapula along each side. Wings 
 colourless ; stigma pale brown. Halteres yellow. Abdomen velvety 
 black, adorned on each side with three almost triangular tawny spots. 
 Legs ferruginous ; hind thighs black above and towards the tips ; hind 
 tibiae adorned with two black bands ; hind tarsi slightly brown above, 
 black at the base. Fern. Front covered with tawny bloom ; third joint 
 of the antenna3 black above. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 Genus X. XYLOTA. 
 
 XYLOTA, Mq. d. i. 521(1834); Mg. zw.vii.; Ct.; Rdn. Musca p., 
 L. ; Dg. ; Shr. Syrphus p., Fb. e. s. ; Pz. TAerevap., Fb. Milesia 
 p., LI. ; Fb. ; Fin. Merodon p., Fb. s. a. Xylota p., Mg. zw. iii. ; 
 St. F. et Srv. ; Ztt. Leptomyia (incl.), Nwm. 
 
 Epistoma impressum. Antenna capitis latitudine conjunctim breviores ; 
 
 articulus quartus dorsalis, quintus basi pubescens. Scutellum depres- 
 
 sum, acutum. Areola subapicalis Integra ; lobus axillaris distinctus ; 
 
 venae subcostalis et radialis ad marginem disjunctae ; vena transversa 
 
 prtebrachialis trans medium areolae discalis locata. 
 
 Body linear, stout. Head semicircular, depressed in front ; epistoma 
 smooth, or with some very little scapulas, obliquely truncate, impressed, 
 retuse beneath ; peristoma oval, straitened in front, curved upwards. 
 Labrum short, robust, notched at the tip. Lingua strong, acute, not 
 longer than the labrum. Maxillae slender. Palpi cylindrical, subclavate, 
 somewhat hairy towards the tips, as long as the maxillae. Labium 
 large, cylindrical. Antennae 6-joiuted, approximate, seated on a tu- 
 bercle of the front, porrect, nutant, jointly shorter than the breadth of 
 the head; first and second joints small, bristly; second cyathiform, 
 broader than the first ; third patelliform, pubescent ; fourth and fifth 
 very minute ; fourth seated on the third at the base ; sixth long, setiform, 
 slightly pubescent at the base. Thorax subquadrate, with two humeral 
 scapulae, and with a transverse suture ; scutellum semicircular, flat, 
 with a sharp edge. Wings lanceolate, very finely pubescent, incumbent 
 
XYLOTA. 255 
 
 and parallel in repose ; middle transverse vein very slightly oblique ; 
 subapical areolet entire ; axillary lobe distinct ; subcostal and radial veins 
 ending separately in the margin ; transverse prcsbrachial vein placed 
 beyond the middle of the discal areolet. Alulae small. Halteres uncovered. 
 Abdomen sublinear ; first segment short ; fifth generally hidden. An- 
 terior legs short, slender ; hind legs stout, much larger ; hind femora 
 clavate, subspinose; hind tibia3 curved, sinuated on the inner side. 
 Male. Eyes contiguous; facets of the front larger than those else- 
 where. Abdomen linear, obtuse at the tip. Jem. Eyes parted. 
 Abdomen fusiform, conical at the tip. 
 
 The larvse of some species live in decayed wood. 
 
 1. sylvarum, L. s. n. ii. 985. 37 (1767); Fb. ; Pz. ! fn. xlv. 
 21; LI.; Fin.; Mg. ; Mq. ; 7Ai.impigra,^i.\ fn. xlv. 21. Clmly- 
 bea, fulvo-hirta, capite albo-pubescente, antennis nigris, alis subcinereis, 
 abdominis apice aureo-hirto, tibiis basi fiavis, tarsis fulvis. Long. 6 ; 
 alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Chalybeous, clothed with short tawny hairs. Head black, as broad 
 as the thorax, covered in front and beneath with white shining down, 
 clothed beneath with white hairs. Mouth and antennas black. Thorax 
 with an aeneous tinge, partly divided by an indistinct transverse suture, 
 which is before the base of each wing ; scutellum with a slight suture 
 along its hind border. Wings pale grey ; stigma brown. Alulas white. 
 Halteres yellow. Abdom.en clothed towards the tip with gilded hairs. 
 Tibiae yellow towards the base ; tarsi tawny, with black tips. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. lenta, Mg. zw. iii. 222. 15 (1822); Mq.; Ztt.pigra, Shr. ; 
 Fin. ; Pz. ! fn. Ixv. Nigra, alis subcinereis, vein's fusco-subnebulosis, ab- 
 dominis segmentis secundo et tertio rufis. Long. 6 ; alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Black. Face and epistoma covered with shining white down. Third 
 joint of the antennae piceous, covered with tawny bloom. Wings pale 
 grey, slightly tinged with brown along the borders of the veins. Hal- 
 teres yellow. Second and third abdominal segments red. Hind legs 
 very long. 
 
 3. segnis, L. s. n. ii. 988. 57 (1767); Dg.; Fb. ; Shr.; Pz. ! fn. 
 Ix. 3 ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Chalybea, antennis nigris apice 
 piceis, alis subcinereis ad costam subfuscis, abdominis segmentis secundo 
 et tertio fulvis, tibiis tarsisque anterioribus fulvis, illis nigro-cinctis, 
 tibiis posticisbasi fulvis. Long. 3^-5 1; alar. 7-11 lin. 
 
 Chalybeous, covered in front and beneath with shining white down, 
 clothed beneath with white hairs. Mouth piceous. Antennas black ; 
 first and second joints beset with black hairs and bristles ; third joint 
 piceous. Scutellum with a transverse furrow near its hind border. 
 Wings pale grey, slightly tinged with brown between the costa and the 
 disc; stigma brown. Alulae white, with yellow borders. Halteres 
 tawny. Second and third abdominal segments tawny. Anterior tibiae and 
 
256 SYRPHID-flB. 
 
 tarsi tawny, a black band on each of the former ; hind tibiae tawny 
 towards the base ; hind tarsi black above at the base and towards the 
 tips. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 4. bifasciata, Mg. zw. iii. 219. 10 (1822); Ct. ! b. e. 425. Miea, 
 alis subfuscis, abdomine fulvo-bifasciato, tibiis tarsisque fusco-fulvis. 
 Long. 4i ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Mneous. Head silvery-white in front. Wings pale brown. Hal- 
 teres whitish. Abdomen black, with two tawny bands, seneous towards 
 the tip. Legs tawny ; femora seneous ; tips of the tarsi brown ; hind 
 tibia3 brown, yellow towards the base. Male. Antennae red ; third 
 joint ferruginous. Abdominal bands interrupted. Fern. Antennae 
 black ; third joint piceous. Abdominal bands almost entire. Anterior 
 tibiae mostly brown. 
 
 Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 
 
 5. nemorum, Fb. s. a. 192. 17 (1805); Mg. ; Mq.; Ztt. ; Lw. 
 ignava, Fin. Chalybea, antennis nigris apice piceis, alis subcinereis, 
 abdominis lateribus fulvo-sexmaculatis, tibiis basi fulvis. Long. 3^-4^ ; 
 alar. 7-9 lin. 
 
 Chalybeom. Head crowned in front and beneath with white down, 
 clothed beneath with white hairs. AntennaB black ; third joint piceous. 
 Wings slightly grey ; stigma pale brown. Alulae white. Halteres 
 yellow. Abdomen adorned on each side with three tawny spots, which are 
 tinged with whitish bloom. Tibiae tawny at the base. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 6. luteola, Gm. s. n. v. 2879. 379 (1788); Nwm. dubia, Fb.- 
 lateralis, Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Nigro-aenea, antennis rujis, alis sub- 
 cinereis basi limpidis ad costarn fusco-maculatis, abdominis lateribus basi 
 
 /avis. Long. 4-i ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 -ZEneous-black. Head partly covered with white down, clothed be- 
 neath with white hairs. Antenna bright pale red. Wings slightly 
 grey, colourless at the base, with a brown spot in the middle of the fore 
 border. Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen with an interrupted yellow 
 band occupying near half the length from the base. Legs black ; poste- 
 rior tarsi tawny. 
 
 Yery rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 Genus XI. MILESIA. 
 
 MILESIA, Ct. b. e. 34 (1824) ; Mq. ; Ztt. Musca p., L. ; Gm. Syrphus 
 p., Pz. Eristalis p., Fb. Milesia p., LI. ; Fb. ; Mg. Milesia et Tern- 
 nostoma, St. F. et Srv. Sphizea, Milesia, et Caliprobola, Rdn. 
 
 Antenna capitis latitudine conjunctim breviores ; articulus quartus dor- 
 salis ; quintus nudus. Thorax pubescens ; scutellum convexiusculum, 
 
MILESIA. 257 
 
 margine non dene determinate. Areola subapicalis Integra, basi ad 
 
 apicem latescens ; lobus axillaris distinctus ; vena costalis et radialis 
 
 ad marginem disjunctte ; vena transversa preebrachialis trans medium 
 
 areolce discalis locata. 
 
 Cylindrical. Head semicircular, compressed in front ; epistoma 
 contracted ; peristoma oblong, straitened in front, inclined upwards. 
 Proboscis nearly vertical, not longer than the head. Labrum robust, 
 semicylindrical, obliquely truncate at the tip, which is bifid, and has 
 three little teeth. Lingua acute, not so long as the labrum. Maxillae 
 small, compressed, subulate, about half the length of the palpi. Palpi 
 membranaceous, hairy, clavate, curved upwards, longer than the 
 labrum. Labium cylindrical, membranaceous. Antennce five-jointed, 
 porrect, nutant, seated on an almost cylindrical petiole, jointly shorter 
 than the breadth of the head ; first and second joints small ; first cylin- 
 drical; second short, cyathiform; third large, nearly round; fourth 
 extremely small, seated on the third near the base ; fifth long, bare, 
 setiform. Thorax simply pubescent, somewhat convex, with an unde- 
 fined edge. Wings lanceolate, finely pubescent, incumbent and parallel 
 in repose ; subapical areolet entire, gradually widened from the base out- 
 wards ; axillary lode distinct ; subcostal and radial veins ending sepa- 
 rately in the margin ; transverse prcebrachial vein placed beyond the 
 middle of the discal areolet. Alulae small, partly covering the halteres, 
 which are small. Abdomen cylindrical or elliptical ; first segment 
 short ; fifth small, almost concealed. Legs rather stout ; hind legs 
 rather long ; hind tibiae curved, slightly compressed. 
 
 Male. Eyes nearly contiguous ; facets of the fore part a little larger 
 than those elsewhere. 
 
 Fern. Eyes parted. 
 
 The larvae of some species live in the mould of decayed wood. 
 
 1. speciosa, Fb. s. a. 188. 6 (1804) ; LI. ; Pz. ; Mg. ; Ct. I b. e. 
 44. J3nea, fulvo-hirta, subtus nigra, antennis runs, thoracis lateribus 
 anticis albo-fasciculatis, alis limpidis ad costam fuscis, pedibus fulvis, 
 femoribus nigris. Long. 8 ; alar. 1 4 lin. 
 
 ^Eneous, black beneath. Front, face, and epistoma tawny, shining. 
 Antennae pale red. Thorax with a white scapula on each shoulder, 
 and with a tuft of yellow hairs on each side near the base of the wings. 
 Wings colourless ; a pale brown streak extending from two-thirds of 
 the length to the tip, where it becomes broader and darker ; stigma 
 tawny; veins clouded with tawny. Alulae white. Halteres tawny. 
 Legs bright tawny ; femora black, with tawny tips. 
 
 June. New Forest, Hampshire; frequents the flowers of 
 Euphorbia amygdaloides, Wood Spurge. (E.) 
 
 VOL. I. 2 L 
 
258 SYRPHID.E. 
 
 Genus XII. CRIORHINA. 
 
 CRIORHINA, Hms. ; Mq. d. s. 497 (1834) ; Mg. ; Ztt. ; Bdn. Eris- 
 talis p., Fb. Syrphus p., Pz. ; Fin. Milesia p., LI. ; Mg. Crio- 
 rhina et Pocota, St. F. et Srv. 
 
 Antenna capitis latitudine conjunctim breviores ; articulus quartus dor- 
 salis, quintus nudus. Thorax pilosissimus ; scutellum convexius- 
 culum, margine non bene determinato. Areola subapicalis Integra, 
 basi ad apicem latescens ; _lobus axillaris distinctus ; vena costalis et 
 radialis ad marginem disjuncta ; vena transversa praebrachialis ad vel 
 trans medium areola discalis locata. 
 Body broad, thick, convex, very woolly. Eyes parted in both 
 
 sexes ; ajl the facets small. Palpi very long, curved, somewhat 
 
 thickened towards the tips, full twice the length of the maxillae 
 
 (C.femoratd). Antenna jointly shorter than the breadth of tlie head ; 
 
 first joint linear ; second clavate, a little shorter than the first ; 
 
 third rounded, much widened, its breadth about twice its length; 
 
 fourth joint seated on the third, near the base ; fifth long, bare, setiform. 
 
 Thorax somewhat convex, with an undefined edge. Subapical areolet 
 
 entire, gradually widened from the base outwards ; axillary lobe distinct ; 
 
 subcostal and radial veins ending separately in the margin ; transverse 
 
 prabrachial vein placed at or beyond the middle of the discal areolet. 
 
 Abdomen obconical. 
 
 1. ranunculi, Pz. ! fn. xci. 21 ; Mg. (1822). Nigra, nigro-hirta, 
 scutello abdominisque apice fulvo-hirtis, alis subcinereis nigro-nebulosis, 
 tibiis piceis, tarsis ferrugineis, femoribus posticis crassis. Long. 7 ; 
 alar. 14 lin. 
 
 Black, thickly clothed with black hairs. Head covered in front with 
 white shining down. Scutellum clothed with pale tawny hairs. Wings 
 pale grey, clouded with black about the transverse veins in the middle. 
 Halteres tawny. Abdomen clothed with tawny hairs towards the tip. 
 Legs black ; hind femora very thick ; tibiae piceous ; tarsi pale ferru- 
 ginous. 
 
 Rare. (E.) 
 
 2. berberina, Fb. s. a. 240. 33 (1804) ; Mg. ! zw. pi. 27. f. 9 ; 
 Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. Nigra,fulvo-hirta,ftnizi\m& ferrugineis, scutello ab- 
 domineque nigro-hirtis, hujus apice albo-hirto, pedibus piceis, tarsis sub- 
 tus ferrugineis. Long. 5 ; alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Black. Head covered in front with white shining down. Antennae 
 ferruginous. Scutellum clothed with black hairs. Wings almost co- 
 lourless, slightly clouded with grey. Halteres tawny. Abdomen 
 clothed with black hairs and towards the tip with whitish hairs. Legs 
 piceous ; tarsi ferruginous beneath. Male. Thorax clothed with bright 
 tawny hairs. Fern. Thorax clothed with pale tawny hairs., 
 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
CRIORHINA. 259 
 
 3. oxyacanthse, Mg. zw. in. 237. 12 (1822). Nigra, fulvo- 
 hirta, antennis ferrugineis, alis subcinereis, tibiis piceis, tarsis ferrugineis. 
 Long. 5-6; alar. 11-13 lin. 
 
 . Black, thickly clotJied with pale tawny hairs. Head covered with 
 whitish down. Antennae ferruginous. Thorax very thickly clothed 
 with bright tawny hairs. Wings slightly grey. Halteres tawny. Legs 
 black; knees and tarsi ferruginous ; tibiae piceous. Jem. Crown of the 
 head covered with tawny down, which is interrupted by a piceous 
 stripe. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 4. regula, Fin. syrph. sppl. 9. 12 (1816); Ztt. -Jhccosa, Mg. ; 
 Mq. Nigra, fulvo-hirta, subtus cano-hirta, antennis piceis fusco-nebu- 
 losis, abdominis lateribus basi jlavo-fasciculatis, pedibus riigris, tarsis 
 subtus ferrugineis. Long. 5^-6^- ; alar. 12-14 lin. 
 
 Black, clothed with tawny hairs. Head with whitish hairs beneath, 
 where it has a pale yellow covering ; face and epistoma covered with white 
 shining down. Antennas piceous, with a hoary covering. Thorax 
 covered beneath with hoary hairs. Wings colourless ; stigma tawny, 
 an irregular brown band extending from it to the disc ; a large diffuse 
 pale brown spot near the tip. Alulae white, with tawny borders. Hal- 
 teres tawny. Abdomen clothed along each side with whitish hairs ; a 
 tuft of long pale yellow hairs on each side at the base ; femora clothed 
 beneath with whitish hairs and at the tips with black hairs; tarsi 
 ferruginous beneath. 
 
 Not rare. (E. I.) 
 
 5. asilica, Fin. eyrph. 22. 10 (1816); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Nigra, 
 antennis ferrugineis, thorace fulvo-Jiirto, alis cinereo-subnebulosis, abdo- 
 mine nigro-cyaneo fasciis tribus canis. Long. 56 ; alar. 1112 lin. 
 
 Black. Head covered on each side in front with hoary down. An- 
 tenna ferruginous. Thorax thickly clothed with dark tawny hairs. Wings 
 slightly clouded with grey ; a brown spot near the middle of the fore 
 border. Halteres tawny. Abdomen bluish-black, thinly clothed with 
 pale hairs, with three hoary bands ; first broad at the base, second and 
 third interrupted. 
 
 Not rare. (E. S.) 
 
 6. femorata, L. fn. 1824 (1761); Gm. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Ztt. ; St. ! ill. 
 pi. 47. f. 4. volvulus, Fb. ; Mg. Nigro-cenea, antennis piceis basifulvis, 
 alis sublimpidis fusco-bifasciatis ad costam subfulvis, abdomine basifulvo- 
 bimaculato, femoribus basi fulvis, tarsis basi tibiisque anterioribus ferru- 
 gineis ; Mas. abdomine albido-hirto basi fulvo-hirto apice nigro-hirto. 
 Long. 6-7 ; alar. 11-12 lin. 
 
 J^neous-black. Epistoma and peristoma covered with white shining 
 down. Mouth piceous. Antennae piceous ; first joint tawny. Thorax 
 thickly clothed with long tawny hairs. Wings nearly colourless, with 
 a slight tawny tinge along the fore border, a narrow band on the 
 
260 SYBPHID^J. 
 
 transverse veins of the middle, and a paler and more diffuse brown spot 
 on the disc near the tip. Alulae whitish. Halteres yellow. Abdomen 
 clothed in the middle part with whitish hairs, at the tip with black 
 hairs, and with tawny hairs towards the base, where there is a tawny 
 spot on each side ; all the hairs pale tawny. Femora tawny at the base ; 
 anterior tibiae ferruginous ; tarsi black, ferruginous towards the base. 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 Genus XIII. VOLUCELIrA. 
 
 VoLUCELLA,Gf.i.(1776); Mir.; Shr.f. b.; Ll.;Mg.; St. F.etSrv.; Ct. ; 
 Mq. ; Ztt. ; Edn. Musca, L. ; Dg. ; Fb. ; Schlb. ; Shr. i. a. ; Gm. ; 
 Hbst. Syrphus, Fb. ; Pz. ; Fin. 
 
 Antennae articulo quarto dorsali, sexto plumoso. Alee areola subapicali 
 
 Integra, lobo axillari distincto, venis subcostali et radiali ante marginem 
 
 conjunctis. Halteres conspicui. 
 
 Body broad. Head almost semicircular, somewhat contracted in 
 front ; epistoma much depressed above, conical and lengthened beneath, 
 notched at the tip; peristoma oblong, narrow, straitened in front, 
 but slightly inclined upwards. Eyes pubescent, bare in some species. 
 Labrum long, narrow towards the tip, which is notched. Lingua nar- 
 row, pointed, nearly as long as the labrum. Maxillae subulate, slightly 
 curved, rounded at the tips, longer than the palpi. Palpi cylindrical, 
 short, narrow, pubescent, membranous at the tips, with a few hairs on 
 the side, almost half the length of the labrum. Labium semicylindrical, 
 twice the length of the labrum. Antennae four-jointed, approximate, 
 inserted low in a cavity ; first and second joints small ; first slightly 
 cyathiform; second broader, obliquely truncate, bristly, a little nar- 
 rower towards the tips ; third oblong, compressed, truncate beneath ; 
 fourth and fifth very small ; fourth seated on the base of the third ; sixth 
 setiform, thickly feathered ; its fringe above much broader than that 
 below. Thorax oval. Wings divaricate; subapical areolet entire ; ax- 
 illary lobe distinct ; subcostal and radial veins meeting before tJiey rmch 
 the margin. Alulae with fringed borders. Halteres uncovered. Abdo- 
 men almost oval. Legs rather stout. 
 
 Male. Eyes almost contiguous. Plume of the antennae narrower 
 than that of the female. 
 
 The species may be thus grouped : 
 
 a. Body oblong, almost smooth. Abdomen elongate oval, slightly 
 convex. Larvae parasitic on those of wasps and hornets. Sp. 1. 
 a a. Body short. Abdomen very convex, almost globose. 
 
 b. Body almost smooth. Larvae parasitic on those of wasps. 
 
 Species 2, 3. 
 b b. Body hairy. Larvse parasitic on those of humble-bees. Sp. 4. 
 
VOLUCELLA. 261 
 
 1. inanis, L. s. n. ii. 989. 61 (1767); Shf. ; Gm. ; Rsi.; Pz. ! 
 fn. 11. 6; LI.; Fin.; Mg. ; St. F. et Srv. ; Dmr. ; Mq. ; Ztt. 
 apivora, Dg. trifasciata, Shr. micans, Fb. Lutea, antennis ferrugineis, 
 thoracis disco nigro luleo-bivittato, alls subfulvis postice subcinereis apice 
 fusco-nebulosis, abdomine nigro-bifasciato. Long. 8; alar. 16 lin. 
 
 Luteous. Antennae pale ferruginous. Disc of the thorax and of tlie 
 pectus black, the former with two slender luteous stripes. Metathorax 
 black. Wings slightly tawny , pale grey along the hind borders and at 
 the tips, near which they are clouded with brown. Halteres yellow. 
 Hind borders of the first and second abdominal segments black. Legs 
 ferruginous ; femora towards the base and coxae black ; tarsi piceous. 
 
 Eare. (E.) 
 
 2. pellucens, L. a. n. ii. 98. 9. 62; Dg. (1767); Gf. ; Fb. ; 
 Schlb. ; Gm.; Shr.; Rsi.; Pz ! fn. i. 17 ; Fin.; Mg. ; St. F. et 
 Srv. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. Nigra, capite antennisque ferrugineis, scu- 
 tello piceo, alis sublimpidis macula subquadrata nigra apice cinereo- 
 subnebulosis, abdomine basi albido semipellucido. Long. 6-7-g- ; alar. 
 14-16 lin. 
 
 Black. Head and antennae ferruginous ; fourth joint black. Scu- 
 tellum piceous. Wings almost colourless, tinged with tawny towards 
 the base, with a large subquadrate blackish spot extending from the 
 middle of the fore border to the disc, slightly clouded with grey near 
 the tips. Halteres luteous. First segment of the abdomen whitish, 
 semipellucid. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 3. inflata, Fb. e. s. iv. 280. 8 (1792) ; Mg. ; St. F. et Srv. ; Mq. ; 
 Ct. ! b. e. 452. dryophila, Shr. Nigra, capite luteo, thorace piceo, 
 antennis scutelloque ferrugineis, alis sublimpidis basi fulvis macula sub- 
 quadrata fusca, abdomine basi interrupte semipellucido flaw. Long. 6 ; 
 alar. 13 lin. 
 
 Black. Head luteous. Antennae pale ferruginous. Thorax piceous. 
 Scutellum pale ferruginous. Wings almost colourless, tawny towards 
 the base, with a large subquadrate dark brown spot extending from the 
 fore border to the disc, slightly tinged with grey near the tips. Hal- 
 teres pale tawny. Abdomen with a broad interrupted semipellucid pale 
 yellow band near the base. 
 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 4. bombylans, L. fn. ii. 1792 (1761) ; Fb. ; Shr. ; Gm. ; Pz. ; 
 St. F. et Srv. ; LI. ; Pz.; Dnv. i. 151. 4 ; Ztt.; Mg.; Mq. ; Lw. 
 plumata, Dg. ; Shi. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Lw. ; 7M*.mystacea, L. ; Fb. ; 
 Gm. ; Shr. ; Pz ! fn. viii. 22. sonora, Mir. plumosa, Gm. ; Shr. 
 apiaria, Shr. h&morrhoidalis, Ztt. ; fig. Sch. ic. x. 7 ; Hrs. x. 3. 
 Var. melanopyrrha, Frst. ct.; fig. Sch. ic. x. 6. Nigra, hirta, antennis 
 ferrugineis apice nigris, scutello piceo, alis sublimpidis macula subqua- 
 drata nigra apice cinereo-subnebulosis. Long. 6-7 ; alar. 14-16 lin. 
 
262 SYRPHID.E. 
 
 Black, clothed with black hairs. Head covered with tawny down. 
 Antennae ferruginous; fourth and following joints black. Scutellum 
 piceous. Wings almost colourless, with a large subquadrate. blackish 
 spot extending from the middle of the fore border to the disc, sb'ghtly 
 clouded with grey near the tips. Halteres tawny. Abdomen clothed 
 towards the tip with orange hairs. Var. /3. Thorax clothed with 
 tawny hairs. Abdomen clothed with whitish hairs, bare towards the 
 base, which has a tuft of pale tawny hairs on each side. 
 
 The larva is fringed along each side with a double row of short 
 spines, and the tip of its abdomen has six />r four radii ; it has six 
 pair of tubercular feet, which much resemble those of Helophilus 
 pendulus ; each of them has three long claws. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 Genus XIV. SERICOMYIA. 
 
 SERICOMYIA, Mg. (1803) ; LI. ; St. F. et Srv. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Rdn. 
 Musca p., L. ; Dg. ; Gm. Syrphus p., Fb. ; Fin. ; Pz. 
 
 Antennae articulo quarto dorsali, quinto plumato. Alee areola subapicali 
 Integra, lobo axillari distincto, venis subcostali et radiali ad marginem 
 
 Body broad, convex, slightly hairy. Head rather flat in front ; 
 epistoma convex, with some scapulas prolonged below the eyes ; 
 peristoma oblong, narrow in front. Labrum stout, notched at the tip. 
 Lingua acute, as long as the labrum. Maxillae subulate, as long as the 
 palpi (S. mussitans), or but half their length (S. borealis). Palpi cylin- 
 drical, hairy, as long as the labrum. Labium semicylindrical. Antennas 
 4-jointed, porrect, nutant ; first and second joints small ; third patelli- 
 form ; fourth setiform, seated on the base of the third ; fifth plumose. 
 Wings lanceolate, finely pubescent, diverging ; alulaB double, fringed, 
 not quite covering the halteres ; subapical areolet entire ; axillary lode 
 distinct; subcostal and radial veins ending separately in the margin. 
 Abdomen elliptical. Legs rather stout. Male. Eyes contiguous. 
 Fern. Eyes remote. 
 
 1. borealis, Fin. syrph. 20. 7 (1816); Mg. zw. iii. 343. 2. pi. 
 30. f. 9 ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. lappona, Dg. Nigra, capite piceo, anten- 
 nis scutelloque ferrugineis, alis cinereis basi et ad costam ferrugineis, 
 abdomine flavo-quadrifasciato, pedibus ferrugineis. Long. 6-8 ; alar. 
 12-16 lin. 
 
 Black. Head piceous, covered in front with yellow down, which is 
 interrupted by a piceous shining scapula. Antenna and scutellum fer- 
 ruginous. Wings grey, ferruginous at the base and along the costa. 
 Halteres black. Abdomen with four slightly arched yellow bands ; hind 
 
CHRYSOTOXUM. 263 
 
 borders of the segments fringed with yellow hairs. Legs ferruginous, 
 jtfafe. First, second, and third abdominal bands interrupted. Fern. 
 First abdominal band interrupted. Var. /3, mas. Femora with piceous 
 stripes. Var. y,fcem'. Second abdominal band interrupted. 
 Not rare in the north. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. lappona, L. s. n. ii. 983. 27 (1767); Fb. ; Mg. ; LI. ; Fin.; 
 Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. Nigra, scutello ferrugineo, alls cinereis basi et ad 
 costam fulvis apice fusco-nebulosis, abdomine albo-trifasciato, pedibus 
 ferrugineis. Long. 5-6 ; alar. 12-14 lin. 
 
 Black. Head covered with yellow down on each side in front. Scu- 
 tellum ferruginous. Wings grey, tawny at the base and along the fore 
 border, clouded with brown at the tips. Halteres tawny, with piceous 
 knobs. Abdomen with three narrow white bands , the first slightly in- 
 terrupted. Legs ferruginous. 
 
 Not rare in the north. (E. S. I.) 
 
 3. superbiens, Mir. pr. 2093 (1776). mussitans, Fb. ; Gm. ; 
 Mg. ; Pz. ! fn. 1-15 ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Nigra, fulvo-hirta, capite an- 
 tico flavo, antennis rufis, alis subcinereis basi subfulvis ad costam fusco- 
 maculatis. Long. 6-7; alar. 14-16 lin. 
 
 Black, thickly clothed with pale tawny hairs. Head yellow in front. 
 Antennae pale red. Thorax clothed with bright tawny hairs. Wings 
 slightly grey, with a tawny tinge at the base and a large brown spot 
 beneath the middle of the costa. Halteres black, Legs almost bare ; 
 tarsi dark ferruginous beneath. 
 
 Not rare. (E.I.) 
 
 Genus XV. CHRYSOTOXUM. 
 
 CHRYSOTOXUM, Mg. kl. ? (1804) ; LI.; St. F. et Srv. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Rdn. ; 
 Ct. ; Lw. Mmca p., L. ; Dg. ; Mir. ; Shr. ; Gf. Syrphus p., Fb. ; 
 Esi. ; Pz. Conops p., Spl. Mulio p., Fb. s. a. ; Fin. Milesia p., 
 Fb. s. a. 
 
 Antenna conjunctim capitis latitudine non breviores, articulo quarto tertii 
 basi inserto, quinto nudo vel pubescente. Ala areola subapicali Integra, 
 lobo axillari distincto, venis subcostali et radiali ad marginem disjunctis. 
 Head semicircular, broader than the thorax ; face vertical, concave ; 
 epistoma with a scapula above the peristoma; peristoma elongate, 
 straitened in front, somewhat curved upwards. Labrum rather large, 
 slightly tapering, narrow in front, notched at the tips. Lingua lanceo- 
 late, rather shorter than the labrum. MaxillaB straight, subulate, 
 curved upwards, shorter than the palpi, clothed with long hairs, 
 rounded at the tips. Palpi shorter than the labrum, longer than the 
 maxilla3, clavate (C. arcuatum) or cylindrical (C.fasciolatum). Labium 
 short, very large. Antenna 5 -jointed, porrect, approximate, com- 
 
264 SYRPHIDJE. 
 
 pressed, seated on a little tubercle of the fore front, jointly as long as the 
 breadtfi of the head ; first, second, and third joints almost equally long, 
 obliquely truncated ; first and second beset with slender bristles ; first 
 cylindrical, subclavate ; second somewhat compressed, widened above ; 
 third compressed, narrower in front ; fourth very minute, seated near the 
 base of tJie third', fifth setiform, bare or pubescent, hardly longer than 
 the third. Thorax almost quadrate, slightly hairy ; scutellum semicir- 
 cular. Wings lanceolate, finely pubescent, diverging, longer than the 
 body ; subapical areolet entire ; axillary lobe distinct ; subcostal and 
 radial veins ending separately in the margin. Abdomen long-elliptical, 
 convex, broader than the thorax, pubescent or quite bare, with a rim 
 on each side. Femora tapering to the tips ; tibia3 clavate, curved, com- 
 pressed towards the tips. Male. Eyes almost contiguous. Fern. Eyes 
 somewhat remote. 
 
 These flies are usually black and bright yellow. The larvae are 
 said to live on the roots of plants. The species may be thus di- 
 vided : 
 
 a. Eyes bare. Species 1-5. 
 
 a a. Eyes pubescent. Species 6. 
 
 1. bicinctum, L. fn. 1805 (1761); Dg.; Fb. ; Shr. ; Gm. ; 
 Dnv. ; Pz. ; Mg. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Rdn. ; Lw. ; Gi.-tricinctum, 
 Rdn. Nigrum, thorace flavo-bivittato, alis costa ferruginea apice fusca, 
 abdomine fasciis arcuatis duabus et segmentorum marginibus posticis 
 pedibusque flams, femoribus anterioribus basi posticisque nigris, tarsis 
 feiTugineis. Long. 5; alar. 10 lin. 
 
 Black. Epistoma luteous, with a broad black stripe. Antennas 
 luteous at the tips. Thorax with four yellow stripes ; the inner pair 
 on the fore part, indistinct ; the outer pair interrupted. Wings ferru- 
 ginous at the base, and along the fore border till near half the length, 
 brown from thence almost to the tips. Abdomen with two arched broad 
 bands, and the hind borders of the segments yellow. Legs yellow ; an- 
 terior femora black at the base ; hind femora black with tawny tips ; tarsi 
 ferruginous. Fern. Vertex with a yellow spot on each side. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. festivum, L. fn. ii. 1812 (1761); Gf. ; $y\.bipunctatum, 
 MlY.arcuatum, Fb. ; Shr. ; Gm. ; Gf. ; Mg. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; 
 Ztt.; Rdn.; Lw. ; Ct. ; Grn. ; fig. Sch. ic. Ixxiii. 8; Hhs. xv. 16. 
 Nigrum, capite plerumque flavo, thorace vittis duabus scutellique mar- 
 gine flavis, alis subcinereis ad costam luteis, abdomine fasciis quatuor 
 interrupts apiceque Jlavis vel luteis, pedibus luteis. Long. 5-5^ ; alar. 
 10-11 lin. 
 
 Black, Head white behind ; epistoma with a broad black stripe. 
 Antenna? luteous towards the tips. Thorax with four yellow stripes ; 
 the inner pair on the fore part, indistinct ; the outer pair interrupted. 
 Wings slightly tinged with grey; a diffused luteous stripe extends along 
 
CHRYSOTOXUM. 265 
 
 the fore border for three-fourths of the length from the base, and ter- 
 minates in a pale brown spot. Abdomen with four interrupted bands 
 and the tip yellow or luteous ; hind borders of the third and fourth seg- 
 ments tawny. Legs luteous ; tibia? occasionally yellow. Male. Epi- 
 stoma luteous. Fern. Epistoma bright yellow ; a yellow spot on each 
 side of the vertex. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 3. arcuatum, L. fn. 1806 (1761). -fasciatum, Mir. ?inter- 
 sectum, Gf. vespiforme, Fb. alternatum, Shr. ?faseiolatum, Mg. 
 (fern.) ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Rdn. ; Lw. ; Ct. hortense, Mg. (mas.) Ni- 
 grum, capite plerumque flavo, thorace vittis duabus scutelloque flavis, 
 alis subcinereis ad costam fulvis, abdomine fasciis quatuor arcuatis qua- 
 tnorque rectis flavis, pedibus luteis, femoribus basi nigris. Long. 5^-6 ; 
 alar. 11-12 lin. 
 
 Black. Head white behind; epistoma luteous, or bright yellow 
 with a luteous fore border ; a short brown stripe on each side of the 
 middle black stripe. Antennae luteous towards the tips. Thorax with 
 two outer interrupted yellow stripes ; fore part with two inner hoary 
 stripes ; scutellum yellow, with a brown disc. Wings slightly grey, 
 with a diffused tawny stripe which extends along two-thirds of the fore 
 border from the base. Halteres luteous. Abdomen with four very 
 slightly arched interrupted yellow or luteous bands, which join the yellow 
 hind borders of the segments on each side ; first of the latter bands nar- 
 row and interrupted ; fourth occupying the whole segment. Legs 
 luteous ; femora at the base and coxa black ; tibiae occasionally yellow. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 4. octomaculatum, Ct. ! b. e. 653. 5 (1838). Nigrum, thoracis 
 vittis duabus interrupts scutellique margine flavis, abdomine fasciis 
 quatuor latis interruptis arcuatis quatuorque integris flavis. Long. 5 ; 
 alar. 10 lin. 
 
 Fern. Black. Vertex with two yellow spots ; epistoma yellow on 
 each side. Thorax with two short hoary stripes on the fore part, and 
 with a yellow interrupted stripe on each side ; scutellum yellow, with a 
 black disc. Wings pale grey, tawny along the fore border. Halteres 
 luteous. Abdomen with four broad interrupted arched bands which widen 
 on each side and are then connected with four entire bands whifhare convex 
 on the fore border, of these tJie second, third, and fourth are very broad, and 
 the abdomen is almost wholly yellow towards the tip. Legs luteous. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 
 
 5. intermedium, Mg. zw. iii. 169. 3 (1822); Mq. ; Ztt. ar- 
 cuatum var. /3, Fin. Abdomine nigro, fasciis quatuor arcuatis inter- 
 ruptis anoquejlavis. Long. 6 ; alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Black. Epistoma yellow on each side. Thorax with two short 
 hoary stripes in the fore part, and with a yellow interrupted stripe on 
 each side; scutellum yellow, with a black disc. Wings colourless, 
 
 VOL. i. 2 M 
 
266 SYRPHIDJE. 
 
 tawny along the fore border. Halteres luteous. Abdomen with four 
 interrupted arched yellow bands ; tip and hind borders of the segments 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 
 
 6. marginatum, Mg. zw. iii. 171. 5 (1822); Ztt. ; Lw.arcua- 
 tum, Pz. ! fn. ii. \Q .fasciolatum, Fin. fig. Hrs. xv. 15. Abdomine 
 nigro, fasciis flavis alterne interruptis, femoribus basi nigris. Long. 6 ; 
 alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Black. Epistoma yellow on each side. Thorax with two short 
 hoary stripes on the fore part, and with a yellow interrupted stripe on 
 each side ; scutellum brownish, with a yellow border. Wings pale 
 grey, tawny along the fore border. Halteres luteous. Abdomen with 
 four interrupted slightly arched yellow lands which are connected on each 
 side with four entire yellow bands, these are successively wider towards the 
 tip, which is yellow. Legs luteous ; femora black towards the base. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 
 
 Genus XVI. PSARUS. 
 
 PSARUS, LI. d. h. n. xxiv. 193. 563 (1804) ; Fb. s. a. ; Mg. ; St. F. et 
 Srv. ; Mq. ; Ahr. ; Lw. ; Kdn. Syrphus p., Fb. e. s. Ceria p., Fb. 
 e. s. sppl. Musca p., Gf. 
 
 Antennas conjunctim capitis latitudine non breviores, articulo quarto 
 tertiiprope medium inserto, quinto nudo. Ala areola subapicali Inte- 
 gra, lobo axillari distincto, venis subcostali et radiali ad marginem dis- 
 
 Body narrow. Epistoma with a scapula above the peristoma ; peri- 
 stoma oblong, straitened in front, inclined upwards. Labrum narrower 
 towards the tip, which is notched. Lingua acute. MaxillaB subulate, 
 bare, somewhat curved, almost as long as the palpi. Palpi clavate, 
 bristly above, shorter than the labrum. Labium cylindrical. Antennae 
 porrect, 5 -jointed, jointly as long as the breadth oftJie head, seated on a 
 petiole in the fore front; first and second joints beset with short 
 bristles ; first cylindrical, hardly thicker at the tip ; second compressed, 
 somewhat widened in front, twice the length of the first, with which it 
 forms an obtuse angle ; third oblong, obtuse, compressed, somewhat 
 shorter than the second ; fourth very short, seated near the middle of 
 the third ; fifth setiform, naked. Thorax almost quadrate, convex ; scu- 
 tellum semicircular. Wings incumbent and parallel in repose ; subapical 
 areolet entire ; axillary lobe distinct ; subcostal and radial veins ending 
 separately in the margin. Halteres almost uncovered. Abdomen 
 long-elliptical, almost linear ; tip obtuse. Male. Front straitened in 
 the middle, narrower than that of the female. Fern. Front of equal 
 breadth. 
 
PARAGUS, 267 
 
 1. abdominalis, Fb. e. s. iv. 307. 108 (1792); Gf.; Ll.j Mg. ; 
 
 St. F. et Srv. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Niger, alls fusco-cinereis, abdomine rufo 
 basi apiceque nigris. Long. 4 ; alar. 7 lin. 
 
 Black. Fourth joint of the antennae luteous. Wings grey, brown 
 along the costa. Halteres luteous. Abdomen red, black at the base 
 and at the tip, and with an interrupted black dorsal stripe. 
 
 Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 
 
 Genus XVII. PARAGUS. 
 
 PARAGUS, LI. d. h. n. (1804) ; Mg. ; St. F. et Srv. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Ct. ; 
 Rdn. Musca p., Gm. Syrphus p., Fb. e. s. ; Pz. Mulio^., Fb. s. a. 
 Pipiza p., Fin. 
 
 Epistoma via elongatum, ad os prominens. Antenna capitis latitudine 
 conjunctim breviores, basi contigua, articulo quarto dorsali, quinto 
 nitdo. Ala areola subapicali Integra, lobo axiUari distincto, venis 
 subcostali et radiali ad marginem disjunctis, vena transversa prabra- 
 chiali ante areola discalis medium locata, vena transversa inferiore 
 undulata. 
 
 Head semicircular, rather large ; epistoma smooth, convex, but little 
 elongated horizontally, protuberant towards the mouth, with a little in- 
 distinct scapula above the peristoma ; peristoma oblong, straitened in 
 front, hardly inclined upwards. Eyes pubescent. Proboscis long. 
 Labrum much shorter than the labium, somewhat narrower near the 
 tip, which is notched. Lingua stout, lanceolate, shorter than the 
 labrum. Maxillas slender, subulate, curved, shorter than the lingua. 
 Palpi membranous, clavate, pubescent, as long as the maxillaB, hardly 
 half the length of the labium. Labium slender, long, cylindrical, mem- 
 branous. Antenna 5 -jointed, close together at the base, porrect, nu- 
 tant, jointly shorter than the breadth of the head, pubescent, inserted 
 above the middle of the face ; first and second joints beset with slender 
 bristles ; first cylindrical ; second depressed, cyathiform, as long as the 
 first ; third subfusiform, compressed, almost longer than the second ; 
 fourth extremely short, seated on the base of the third ; fifth bare. 
 Thorax pubescent, convex, nearly round, as broad as the head ; scu- 
 tellum slightly transverse, almost semicircular. Wings finely pubescent, 
 rather small, incumbent and parallel when at rest ; subapical areolet 
 entire- ; axillary lobe distinct ; subcostal and radial veins ending separately 
 in the margin ; transverse prabrachial vein placed before the middle of the 
 discal areolet ; lower transverse vein undulated. Halteres uncovered. 
 Abdomen linear, pubescent, convex, depressed at the base, with trans- 
 verse wrinkles on each side behind the sutures. Legs slender, short ; 
 tibiaB subclavate ; hind metatarsi somewhat thickened. Male. Eyes 
 contiguous. Tern. Eyes remote. 
 
268 SYBPHID^. 
 
 1. bicolor, Fb. e. s. iv. 297. 71 (1792) ; LI. j Mg. ; St. F. et Srv. ; 
 Mq. ; Ztt. ; Rdn. melanochrysa, Gm. Niger, epistomate Jiavo nigro- 
 fasciato, scutelli marginefulvo, alis subcinereis, abdomine rufo-fasciato, 
 pedibus fulvis basi nigris. Long. 2^ ; alar. 4^ lin. 
 
 Black. Epistoma yellow, with a black band. Hind border of the 
 scutellum tawny. Wings slightly grey. Halteres yellow. Abdomen 
 with a broad red band. Legs tawny ; femora at the tips and tibiae at 
 the base yellow ; femora black towards the base. 
 
 Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) 
 
 2. arcuatus, Mg. zw. iii. 179. 3. pi. 27. f. 20, 21 (1822) ; St. F. 
 et Srv. ; Mq. Niger, epistomate flavo-albo, antennis apic& ferrugineis, 
 scutelli marginefulvo, alis limpidis, abdomine fascia testacea arcubusque 
 tribus interrupts albidis, pedibus flavis basi nigris apice fulvis, posticis 
 fusco-cinctis. Long. 2f ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Black. Epistoma yellowish-white. Third and fourth joints of the 
 antenna ferruginous ; third piceous above. Hind border of the scu- 
 tellum tawny. Wings colourless. Halteres yellow. Abdomen Eeneous- 
 black, with one testaceous band and three arched interrupted whitish 
 bands. Legs yellow ; femora towards the base and coxae black ; tibia? 
 towards the tips and tarsi tawny ; hind tibiae with brown bands ; hind 
 metatarsi brown. 
 
 Bare. In the British Museum. (E.) 
 
 3. obscurus, Mgrle. ; Mg. zw. iii. 183. 12 (1822) ; Mq.; Ct. -' 
 
 sigillatus, Ct. ! b. e. 593. Nigro-chalybeus, epistomatis lateribusflavis, 
 antennis nigris, alis limpidis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus lam nigris. Long. 
 g-U-g^ alar. 4-4 lin. 
 
 Chalybeous-black. Epistoma chalybeous-blue, with a yellow stripe 
 of various breadth along each side. Antennae black. Wings colourless. 
 Halteres white. Legs tawny ; femora towards the base and coxce black ; 
 the black part occupies three-fourths of the hind femora and one- 
 third of the fore femora. Var. /3. A red spot on the disc of the 
 abdomen. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 4. femoratus, Mgrle.; Mg. zw. iii. 184. 14 (1822). Nigro- 
 chalybeus, antennis nigris, alis limpidis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus basi 
 nigris, tibiis posticis nigro-cinctis. Long. 2^; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Male and Female. Chalybeous-black. Head dingy white behind. 
 Epistoma chalybeous-blue, with a pale tawny covering on each side. 
 Antennae black. Wings colourless. Legs tawny ; femora towards the 
 base and coxae black ; the black part occupies three-fourths of the hind 
 femora and one-third of the fore femora ; a black band round each hind 
 tibia. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
PSILOTA. 269 
 
 Genus XVIII. PSILOTA. 
 
 PSILOTA, Mg. zw. iii. 256 (1822) ; LI. ; St. F. et Srv. ; Mq. ; Ztt.; Bdn. 
 
 Epistoma vix elongatum, ad os prominens. Antennae capitis latitudine 
 conjunction breviores, basi contigua, articulo quarto dorsali, quinto 
 nudo. Alae areola subapicali Integra, lobo axillari distincto, venis 
 subcostali et radiali ad marginem disjunctis, vena transversa praebra- 
 chiali ante areola discalis medium locata, vena transversa inferiore 
 recta. 
 
 Body hairy. Head semicircular ; epistoma smooth, convex, but little 
 elongated horizontally, protuberant towards the mouth, with a little in- 
 distinct scapula above the peristoma. Eyes hairy. Antenna 5- 
 joiiiied, jointly shorter than the breadth of the head, pubescent, porrect, 
 nutant, inserted above the middle of the face, close together at the base ; 
 third joint subfusiform, compressed ; fourth extremely shortened, seated 
 on the base of the third ; fifth bare. Thorax convex, as broad as the 
 head ; scutellum slightly transverse, almost semicircular. Wings finely 
 pubescent ; subapical areolet entire ; axillary lobe distinct ; subcostal 
 and radial veins ending separately in the margin ; transverse prabrachial 
 vein placed before the middle of the discal areolet ; lower transverse vein 
 straight. 
 
 1. anthracina, Mg. ! zw. iii. 256. 1. pi. 29. f. 20 (1822); Mq. 
 Nigra, capite nigro-cyaneo, alis cinereis, tarsis basi flavis, tarsis an- 
 ticis basi genubusque luteis. Long. 2 ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Black, shining, pubescent. Head bluish-black. Wings grey. Fore 
 tarsi towards the base and knees luteous ; hinder tarsi yellow towards 
 the base. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 
 
 Genus XIX. PIPIZA. 
 
 PIPIZA, Fin. syrph. (1816); Mg. ; St. F. et Srv. ; Mq. ; Ztt.; Edn. 
 Musca p., L. ; Gm. Syrphus p., Fb. ; Pz. Eristalis p., Fb. s. a. 
 Mulio p., Fb. Milesia p., LI. 
 
 Epistoma vix elongatum, recte descendens. Antenna capitis latitudine con- 
 junctim breviores, articulo quarto dorsali, quinto pubescente. t Alts 
 areola subapicali Integra, lobo axillari distincto, venis subcostali et 
 radiali ad marginem dujunctis, vena transversa prabrachiali ante 
 areola discalis medium inserta. 
 
 Body punctured. Head semicircular ; crown smooth, shining ; 
 front projecting, almost conical ; epistoma pubescent, but little elongated 
 horizontally, descending straight ; peristoma small, oval, not inclined 
 upwards. Eyes hairy. Labrum short, stout, trifid at the tip. Lingua 
 
270 SYRPHIDJ!. 
 
 broad, ovate, acute, shorter than the labrum. Maxillae subulate, a 
 little longer than the lingua, almost as long as the palpi. Palpi short, 
 thick, cylindrical, pubescent, obtuse, clothed with short hairs at the 
 tips. Labium short, thick, semicircular. Antennae 5 -jointed, projecting, 
 uutant, seated on a prominent part of the front, jointly shorter than the 
 breadth of the liead ; first and second joints short ; first clavate, bristly ; 
 second broader, subcyathiform, shorter and broader than the first ; third 
 large, pubescent, compressed, oval or oblong, concave at the base ; 
 fourth very minute, seated on the third near the base ; fifth pubes- 
 cent, rather short, setiform. Thorax subquadrate, convex, pubescent. 
 Wings lanceolate, finely pubescent, incumbent and parallel in repose ; 
 subapical areolet entire; axillary lobe distinct; subcostal and radial 
 veins ending separately in the margin ; transverse prcebrachial vein placed 
 before the middle of the discal areolet. Halteres uncovered. Abdo- 
 men subfusiform, pubescent, almost flat ; segments slightly impressed 
 on each side. Legs short, stout, pubescent ; metatarsi as long as the 
 other four joints ; hind legs longer and stouter than the anterior. 
 
 This genus is allied to Xylota in the structure of the mouth. 
 The species may be thus grouped : 
 
 a. Abdomen with yellow bands or spots. Species 1-8. 
 a a. Abdomen unspotted. Species 9. 
 
 1. quadrimaculata, Pz ! fn. Ixxxvi. 19; Fin. (1816); Mg. ; 
 St. F. et Srv. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. Nigro-asnea, capite chalybeo, anten- 
 nis nigris, alis subcinereis fusco-nebulosis, abdomine maculis duabus 
 magnis subquadratis flams duabusque parvis transfer sis angustis fulvis, 
 genubus tarsisque fulvis. Long. 5 ; alar. 10 lin. 
 
 .ZEneous-black. Head bluish-black. Antennae black. Wings greyish, 
 clouded with brown beneath the stigma. Abdomen with two large sub- 
 quadrate yellow spots on the second segment, and with two transverse 
 slender slightly oblique tawny streaks on the third. Legs black ; knees 
 and tarsi tawny. 
 
 Not common. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 2. quadriguttata, Mq. d. n. 8 (1827). d. i. 570. 10. Nigro- 
 senea, antennis piceis, alis subcinereis, abdomine maculis fulvis duabus 
 magnis subquadratis duabusque parvis arcuatis obliquis, tibiis piceis, genu- 
 bus tarsisque fulvis. Long. 4|- ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 jEneous-black, clothed with tawny hairs. Antennas pieeous. Wings 
 slightly grey. Abdomen with two large subquadrate tawny spots on 
 the second segment, and with two small curved oblique tawny spots on 
 the third. Legs black ; tibias piceous ; knees and tarsi tawny. 
 
 Not common. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 3. noctiluca, L. fn. 181 (1761) ; Fb.; LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; St. F. 
 et Srv.; Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. rosarum, Pz. ! fn. Ixxii. 24. 'xcv. 21. 
 
PIPIZA. 271 
 
 Nigro-senea, alls subcinereis fusco-semifasciatis, abdomine maculis duabus 
 magnis tramversis flams, tarsis ferrugineis. Long. 4 ; alar. 8 lin. 
 
 Jem. .ZEneous-black. Proboscis piceous. Antennae black. Wings 
 pale grey ; a large brown spot extending from tJie stigma to the middle of 
 the disc; stigma dark brown, long and narrow. Halteres white. 
 Abdomen with a large transverse yellow spot on each side of the second 
 segment. Legs black ; knees and tarsi ferruginous. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 4. bimaculata, Mg. zw. iii. 247. 11 (1822). Nigra, alis sub- 
 cinereis fusco-semifasciatis, abdomine nigro-seneo maculis duabus rufo- 
 fulvis. Long. 4|- ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Black, rather broad. Wings pale grey ; an indistinct pale brown 
 spot extending from the stigma to the middle of the disc ; stigma brown. 
 Halteres dark brown, with pale yellow knobs. Abdomen with a slight 
 seneous tinge ; a variable reddish-tawny spot on each side of the second 
 segment, and sometimes a smaller and very indistinct spot of the same 
 colour on each side of the third segment. Tarsi occasionally ferru- 
 ginous. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 5. notata, Mg. zw. iii. 246. 10 (1822); Mq.; Ztt. Nigra, alis 
 subcinereis fusco-semifasciatis, abdomine maculis duabus magnis fulvis, 
 tarsis ferrugineis. Long. 3^ ; alar. 7 lin. 
 
 Black. Wings pale grey ; a large pale brown spot extending from the 
 stigma to the middle of the disc ; stigma brown. Halteres pale yellow. 
 A large tawny spot on each side of the second segment of the abdomen. 
 Knees and tarsi ferruginous, the latter pale beneath. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 6. guttata, Mg. zw. iii. 247. 3 2 (1822) ; Mq. ; Ztt. Nigra, anten- 
 nis ferrugineis basi nigris, alis subcinereis obsolete fusco-semifasciatis, ab- 
 domine nigro-seneo maculis duabus obliquis fulvis, tarsis fulvis. Long. 
 3-4 ; alar. 6-8 lin. 
 
 Black. Antenna ferruginous, black at the base. Wings pale grey ; 
 an indistinct pale brown spot extending from the stigma to the middle of 
 the disc ; stigma pale brown. Halteres white. Abdomen with a slight 
 aeneous tinge ; an oblique tawny spot on each side of the second seg- 
 ment. Knees and tarsi tawny. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 7. vitrea? Mg. zw. iii. 249. 15 (1822); St. F. et Srv.; Mq. ; 
 Ztt. Yar. ? Nigra, epistomate antennis basi pedibusque fulvis, alis sub- 
 cinereis, abdomine fulvo apice nigricante. Long. 2^- ; alar. 7 lin. 
 
 Epistoma tawny. Antenna tawny towards the base. Wings pale 
 grey ; stigma brown. Abdomen tawny, blackish towards the tip. Legs 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E. I.) 
 
272 SYKPHID^E. 
 
 8. flavitarsis, Mg. zw.iii. 248. 44(1822); Mq.; Ztt. Nigro-cy- 
 anea, antennis nigris, alls fusco-cinereis, abdomine fulvo-biguttato, pe- 
 dibus nigris, tarsis flams. Long. 2 ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Black. Body punctured. Head and thorax bluish -black ; third 
 joint of the antennae linear, slender, conical at the tip, much longer and 
 a little broader than the first and the second joints. Wing grey, with 
 some indistinct brown streaks beneath the stigma, which is brown. 
 Halteres pale yellow. A very small round tawny spot on each side of 
 the second segment of the abdomen; underside yellow towards the 
 base. Tarsi yellow, with pitchy tips; anterior knees tawny; hind 
 knees ferruginous. 
 
 Not common. In the collection of the Entomological Club. 
 (E.S.) 
 
 9. lugubris, Fb. s. i. ii. 431. 50 (1781) ; Shr. ; Mg. ; St. F. et Srv.; 
 Mq. ; Ztt. moesta, Grm. lugubris, Shr. ; Fb. Nigra, alls subcinereis 
 basifuscisfusco-semifasciatis. Long. 3^-4 ; alar. 7i-8. 
 
 Black. Wings pale grey, brown at the base, and with a large dark 
 brown spot extending from the stigma beyond the middle of the disc ; stig- 
 ma dark brown. Halteres pale yellow. Knees ferruginous. Tarsi 
 piceous, ferruginous beneath. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 10. melancholica, Mg. zw. iii. 251. 20 (1822). Nigro-cyanea, 
 antennis articulo tertio fusiformi, alis cinereis indistincte semifasciatis, 
 tarsis fulvis, metatarsis posticis nigris. Long. 2|-3; alar. 5-6 lin. 
 
 Male and Female. Bluish-black. Antenna with the third joint 
 fusiform, not much broader than the second. Wings grey, a large inde- 
 finite dark grey spot extending from the stigma to the middle of the 
 disc ; stigma yellowish-brown ; veins black. Halteres yellow. Knees 
 and tarsi tawny; the tarsi somewhat piceous above; hind metatarsi 
 black. 
 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 11. vitripennis? Mg. zw. Hi. 254. 29(1822); Mq. .Nigra, an- 
 tennis subtus ferrugineis, alis subcinereis, abdomine subtus fuscescenle, 
 genubus tarsisque fulvis. Long. 2^-2|-; alar. 5^-6 lin. 
 
 Black, clothed with hoary hairs. Body punctured. Antennae ferru- 
 ginous beneath. Wings pale grey; stigma pale brown. Halteres 
 pale yellow. Abdomen yellowish-brown beneath. Knees and tarsi 
 tawny ; anterior tibise tawny at the base and at the tips-. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 12. virens, Fb. s. a. 186. 12 (1805); Mg.; St.F. et Srv.; Mq. 
 campestris, Fin. ; Ztt. geniculata, Ct. b. e. 593. Nigro-cenea, capite 
 nigro-chalybeo, antennis piceis, alis fusco-subcinereis, tarsis anterioribus 
 basi genubusque fulvis. Long. 2| 3 ; alar. 5-5 lin. 
 
 .aSneous-black, clothed with hoary hairs. Body punctured. Third 
 
ORTHONEUEA. 273 
 
 joint of the antennae piceous, slightly increasing in breadth towards the 
 tip, which is obliquely truncated, rather broader and very much longer 
 than the first and second joints. Wings pale grey ; a large indefinite 
 pale brown spot extending from the stigma to the middle of the disc ; 
 stigma pale brown. Halteres tawny. Knees tawny; anterior tarsi 
 tawny at the base. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 13. interrupta, Hal. e. m. i. 165 (1833). Obscure cenea, anten- 
 nis capite longioribus, alls limpidis, vena transversa apicis interrupta, 
 genubus ferrugineis. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 " Half the size of the small variety of P. virens, which it resembles, 
 but the body is much less pubescent, and the front and face have only 
 a few very inconspicuous greyish hairs ; third joint of the antennaB 
 more oblong than in that species." 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Halida/s collection. (I.) 
 
 Genus XX. ORTHONEURA. 
 
 ORTHONEUEA, Mq. d. n. (1827). Eristalis p., Fin. Chrysogaster p., 
 Mg. ; St. F. et Srv. ; Lw. 
 
 Epistoma vix elongatum, ad os prominens. Antenna basi disjunct^, ca- 
 pitis latitudine conjunctim breviores ; articulus tertius linearis ; quar- 
 tus dorsalis ; guintus nudus. Scutellum depressum, ad marginem 
 acutum. Alae areola discali ab margine posteriore divaricata, areola 
 subapicali Integra, lobo axillari distincto, venis subcostali et radiali ad 
 marginem disjunctis, vena transversa prabrachiali ante areolce discalis 
 medium inserta. 
 
 Body almost bare. Colour metallic. Head semicircular ; epistoma 
 but little elongated horizontally, protuberant towards the mouth. Anten- 
 nee 5 -jointed, porrect, nutant, separated at the base, jointly shorter than 
 the breadth of the head, seated on a tubercle of the front ; first and 
 second joints small ; third linear ; fourth seated on the back of the third ; 
 fifth setiform, bare. Scutellum flat, with a sharp edge. Wings finely 
 pubescent, incumbent and parallel in repose ; discal areolet diverging 
 from the posterior margin; subapical areolet entire; axillary lobe distinct; 
 subcostal and radial veins ending separately in the margin ; transverse 
 prcebrachial vein placed before the middle of the discal areolet. Abdomen 
 oblong, depressed. Legs slender. Male. Eyes contiguous. Fern. Eyes 
 remote. 
 
 1. elegans, Wd.; Mg. zw. iii. 272. 14 (1822); Mq.; Lw. ; Ztt. 
 ^Enea, antennis ferrugineis, alis subcinereis, genubus tanisque fulvis. 
 Long. 2-^ ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Fern. zEneous. Vertex slightly transversely furrowed on each side. 
 
 VOL. I. 2 N 
 
274 SYRPHID.E. 
 
 Antennae ferruginous. Disc of the thorax cupreous. Wings slightly 
 grey; stigma lurid. Halteres luteous. Knees and tarsi tawny, the 
 latter black towards the tips. 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 2. nobilis, Pin. syrph. 57. 17 (1816); Mg. ; Mq.; Lw.; Ztt. 
 j?Eneo-viridis, antennis articulo tertio piceo subtus ferrugineo, alis cinereis, 
 tarsis nigris. Long. 2 ; alar. 5 lin. 
 
 Male. ^Eneous-green. Antennce black ; third joint piceous, ferruginous 
 beneath. Disc of the thorax cupreous. Wings grey. Halteres luteous. 
 Tarsi black. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E. I.) 
 
 Genus XXL CHRYSOGASTER. 
 
 CHRYSOGASTER, Mq. d. n. (1827). Musca p., L. ; Gm. Syrphus p., 
 Fb. e. s. ; Pz. Eristalis p., Fb. s. a. ; Fin. Milesia p. ? LI. Chry- 
 sogaster p., Mg. ; St.F. etSrv. ; Ztt.; Lw. ; Rdn. 
 
 Epistoma vix elongatum, ad os prominens. Antenna basi disjunctce, ca- 
 pitis latitudine conjunction breviores ; articulus tertius ovatus vel orbi- 
 culatus ; quartus dorsalis ; quintus nudus. Scutellum depressum, ad 
 marginem acutum. Alts areola discali ab margine posteriore divaricata, 
 areola subapicali Integra, lobo axillari distincto, venis subcostali et ra- 
 diali ad marginem disjunctis, vena transversa prcebrachiali ante areola 
 discalis medium inserta. 
 
 Body almost bare. Colour metallic. Head semicircular ; epistoma 
 protuberant towards the mouth, but little elongated horizontally ; peri- 
 stoma prominent, oblong, narrower in front, inclined upwards. Eyes 
 bare. Labrum notched at the tip. Lingua acute. Maxillas subulate, 
 not half the length of the palpi. Palpi curved, filiform, somewhat 
 clavate at the tips, slightly hairy, longer than the labrum. Labium 
 semicylindrical. Antennae 5 -jointed, porrect, nutant,. seated on a 
 tubercle of the front, separated at the base, jointly shorter than the 
 breadth of tJte head ; first and second joints small ; third oval or round ; 
 fourth seated on the back of the third ; fifth setiform, bare. Scutellum 
 fiat, with a sharp edge. Wings finely pubescent, incumbent and pa- 
 rallel in repose. Discal areolet diverging from the posterior margin ; sub- 
 apical areolet entire ; axillary lobe distinct ; subcostal and radial veins 
 ending separately in the margin ; transverse prabrachial vein placed before 
 tJw middle of the discal areolet. Abdomen oblong, depressed. Legs 
 slender. Male. Epistoma most often with some tubercles. Eyes con- 
 tiguous. Thorax beset with fine hairs. Fern. Eyes remote. Front 
 with a row of oblique transverse furrows on each side ; these are 
 
CHBYSOGASTEB. 275 
 
 sometimes interrupted, and in some species are replaced by indistinct 
 wrinkles. 
 
 These flies chiefly frequent the Ranunculi and Caltlia palustris 
 on moist ground during the spring and the summer. The species 
 may be thus grouped : 
 
 a. Thorax with three longitudinal stria?. Species 1. 
 a a. Thorax without striae. 
 
 b. Third joint of the antenna round. 
 c. Epistoma with tubercles. 
 
 d. Wings at the base and stigma yellow. Species 2, 3. 
 d d. Wings at the base not yellow. 
 
 e. Antenna? with the third joint red. Species 4. 
 e e. Antennae piceous. Species 5. 
 c c. Epistoma without tubercles. 
 
 /. Front transversely furrowed. Species 6. 
 ff. Front without furrows. Species 7. 
 b b. Third joint of the antenna almost linear. Species 8. 
 
 1. splendens, Mg. zw. iii. 266. 1 (1822); Mg. ; Lw. Viridi- 
 senea, antennis ferrugineis, thorace striato, scutello marginato, alis 
 subcinereis, abdomine atro lateribus cupreo apice et subtus a?neo. 
 Long. 3i-3i ; alar. 7-8 lin. 
 
 Greenish-aeneous. Head greenish-black, punctured. Antenna? fer- 
 ruginous. Thorax with three very slight furrows ; a transverse furrow 
 near the tip of the scutellum. Wings pale grey. Halteres tawny. 
 Abdomen deep black, cupreous along each side, aeneous at the tip and 
 beneath. 
 
 Not rare. (E. I.) 
 
 2. chalybeata, Mg. zw. iii. 267. 4 (1822); Mq.; Lw. ; Ztt. 
 cupraria ? Mg. ; Mq. Antennis rufis, alis cinereis, abdominis disco 
 purpureo ; Mas. aureo-viridis, thoracis disco cupreo-purpureo ; Foem. 
 aanea, alis ad costam luridis. Long. 3 ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Antennas black ; second and third joints red ; third round. Wings 
 grey. Halteres yellow. Disc of the abdomen dark purple. Tarsi 
 black. Male. Golden-green. Disc of the thorax cupreous-purple. 
 Fern. JEneous. Vertex broad, transversely furrowed on each side. 
 Wings with a lurid tinge along two-thirds of the costa. 
 
 Eare. In the collections of the Entomological Club and of 
 Mr. Stephens. 
 
 3. fuxnipennis, Stph. Cuprea, capite nigro-viridi, antennis pedi- 
 busque piceis, alis subcinereis; Mas. abdomine basi lurido. Long. 
 2^-3i ; alar. 6-7 tin. 
 
 Cupreous. Head greenish-black. Antenna? piceous. Wings pale 
 grey, brownish beneath the stigma, which is tawny. Halteres tawny. 
 
276 SYRPHID.E. 
 
 Legs piceous. Male. Abdomen indistinctly lurid towards the base, 
 ferruginous along each side beneath. Fern. Front somewhat ob- 
 liquely striated across each side. Antennae brighter than those of the 
 male. 
 
 Not rare. (E. S.) 
 
 4. ccemeteriorum, L. s. n. ii. 992. 8 (1767); Fb. ; Gm.; Pz. ! 
 fn. Ixxxii. 17; Mg. ; Mq. ; Zw. solstitialis, Fin. ; Ztt. Anteunis 
 genubusque ferrugineis, alis nigricantibus ; Mas. ater, scutello ab- 
 dominisque lateribus apice ventreque seneis ; Foem. thorace eupreo, 
 scutello nigro-viridi, abdomine nigro. Long. 3J 3^ ; alar. 7-7! tin. ^ 
 
 Antennae feiTuginous. Wings blackish, darkest about the stigma. 
 Legs black ; femora aeneous ; knees ferruginous. Male. Deep black. 
 Head aeneous-black. Scutellum aeneous. Halteres piceous. Abdomen 
 aeneous along each side, at the tip and beneath. Fern. Head black, 
 with slightly oblique furrows on each side of the vertex ; face aeneous. 
 Thorax cupreous; scutellum blackish-green. Wings paler. Alulae 
 white. Halteres ferruginous. Abdomen black. 
 
 Not rare. (E.I.) 
 
 5. viduata,* Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. Nigro-aenea, antennis 
 piceis, alis cinereis, pedibus nigris ; Mas. capite nigro-cyaneo, abdo- 
 mine atro. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 5-6 lin. 
 
 ^Eneous-black. Antennas piceous. Wings grey. Halteres ferru- 
 ginous. Legs black. Male. Head bluish-black. Abdomen, except 
 the tip, deep black, velvety. Fern. Vertex almost smooth ; a transverse 
 impression above the antenna. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 6. metallica, Fb. s. a. 246. 67 (1805); Fin.; Mg. ; Mq. ; Lw.; 
 Ztt. metallina, Fb. s. i. ; Gm. Cyaueo-viridis, antennis nigris, alis 
 subcinereis ad costam subfulvis, tarsis piceis. Long. 3 ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Metallic-green. Head and thorax slightly tinged with blue. An- 
 tennas black. Wings pale grey, with a slight tawny tinge along the 
 fore border as far as the stigma, which is tawny. Halteres yellow. 
 Abdomen with an aeneous tinge. Tarsi piceous. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 7. discicornis, Mgrle.; Mg. zw. iii. 270. 8 (1822). Cyaneo-viridis, 
 aeneo-varia, antennis nigris, alis subcinereis. Long. 3 ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Bluish-green, here and there aeneous. Peristoma very prominent. 
 Antennae black ; third joint very large, nearly round, a little broader 
 than long. Wings very slightly grey ; stigma lurid. Halteres tawny. 
 Legs clothed with tawny down. 
 
 Not rare. (E. S. I.) 
 
 * Musca viduala, L. fn. 1852 (1761), is a species of Paragus. 
 
BRACHYOPA. 277 
 
 8. splendida, Mgrle. ; Mg. zw. iii. 271. 11 (1822) ; Mq. ; Lw. 
 jEnea, antennis nigris, alls subcinereis; pedibus piceis, femoribus aeneis, 
 tibiis basi genubusque fulvis. Long. 2^-2f ; alar. 5-5^ lin. 
 
 ^Bneous. Antennae black; third joint long and slender. Wings 
 greyish. Halteres luteous. Legs piceous ; femora aeneous ; tibiae and 
 tarsi clothed with ferruginous hairs; tibiae at the base and knees 
 tawny. 
 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 Genus XXII. BRACHYOPA. 
 
 BRACHYOPA, Mg. zw. iii. 260 (1822) ; St. F. et Srv. ; Mq. ; Lw. ; 
 Ztt. ; Edn. Oscinis p., Fb. ? Musca p., Pz. ; Fb. ? Mingia 
 p. Fin. 
 
 Epistoma vix elongatum, ad os prominens. Antennae basi disjunct^, 
 capitis latitudine conjunctim breviores ; articulus quartus dorsalis ; 
 quintus nudus vel pubescens. Scutellum convexiusculum, margine non 
 dene determinate. Alee areola discali ab margine posteriore divaricata, 
 areola subapicali integra, lobo axillari distincto, venis subcostali et ra- 
 diali ad marginem disjunctis, vena transversa prabrachiali ante areolce 
 discalis medium locata. 
 
 Head semicircular, narrower than the thorax; epistoma but little 
 elongated horizontally, protuberant towards the mouth, much impressed, 
 truncated ; peristoma oblong, retuse in front. Eyes bare, almost 
 round. Labrum narrow, notched at the tip. Lingua acute, as long as 
 the labrum. Maxillae subulate, half the length of -'-the palpi. Palpi 
 filiform, curved, clavate towards the tips, as long as the labrum. La- 
 bium long, semicylindrical, hairy and bilobed at the tip. Antennae 
 5 -jointed, porrect, nutant, seated on a tubercle of the fore front, sepa- 
 rated at the base, jointly shorter than the breadth of the head ; first and 
 second joints small ; second larger than the first ; third almost ellipti- 
 cal ; fourth very short, seated on the base of the third ; fifth setiform, 
 bare or pubescent. Thorax oblong, pubescent, somewhat widened in 
 the middle ; scutellum semicircular, somewhat convex ; margin undejined. 
 Wings twice the length of the abdomen, lanceolate, finely pubescent, 
 incumbent and parallel in repose ; discal areolet diverging from the 
 posterior margin ; subapical areolet entire ; axillary lobe distinct ; sub- 
 costal and radial veins ending separately in the margin ; transverse prce- 
 brachial vein palced before the middle of the discal areolet. Halteres 
 uncovered. Abdomen oval, convex, pubescent. Legs simple; hind 
 legs somewhat longer than the anterior ; hind femora broad ; hind 
 tibiae curved. Male. Eyes nearly contiguous. Fern. Eyes parted. 
 
 1. bicolor, Fin. syrph. 33. 2 (1816); Mg. ! zw. iii. 262. 2. pi. 
 
278 
 
 SYRPHID^E. 
 
 30. f. 6 ; Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. Testacea, an tennis luteis, thoracis disco 
 cinereo, alis limpidis, abdominis segmentorum marginibus posticis nigri- 
 cantibus, pedibus fulvis. Long. 4 ; alar. 8 lin. 
 
 Testaceous. Peristoma very prominent. Mouth piceous. Antennae 
 luteous ; fifth joint pubescent, black, tawny at the base. Disc of the 
 thorax grey above and partly grey beneath. Wings colourless ; veins 
 black, tawny towards the base. Halteres pale lemon-colour. Hind 
 borders of the abdominal segments blackish. Legs tawny ; tarsi black, 
 ferruginous at the base. 
 
 Not common. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. conica, Pz. ! fn. Ix. 20 (1815?); Mg. ; Mq. 
 Testacea, alis subcinereis, abdominis segmentorum 
 nigris. Long. 4 ; alar. 8 lin. 
 
 Testaceous. Fourth joint of the antennas black, 
 grey ; hind borders of the abdominal segments black. 
 
 Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 
 
 dorsata? Ztt. 
 us posticis 
 
 Wings slightly 
 Tarsi brown. 
 
 Genus XXIII. RHINGIA. 
 
 RHINGIA, Fb. s. i. ii. 460 (1781); LI.; Pz.; Fin.; Mg. ; St. F. et 
 Srv. ; Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. ; Ct. ; Rdn. Conops p., L. ; Shr. Musca p., 
 Dg. Stomoxys p., Gm. 
 
 Epistoma productum, porrectum, conicum, capitis posterioris longitudine. 
 Antennae capitis latitudine conjunctim breviores ; articulus tertius dor- 
 mils ; quintus pubescens. Alee areola subapicali Integra, lobo axillari 
 distincto, venis subcostali et radiali ad marginem disjunctis, vena trans- 
 versa prcebrachiali ante areolae discalis medium locata. 
 Head almost semicircular, somewhat compressed in front ; epistoma 
 slightly impressed, drawn out into a horizontal cone, as long as the rest 
 of the head-, peristoma very narrow. Eyes bare; all the facets small. 
 Labrum narrow, long, thin, curved, trilobed at the tip. Lingua thin, 
 acute, transparent, setiform, almost as long as the labruin. Maxillas 
 slender, setiform, acute, as long as the lingua, longer than the palpi. 
 Palpi filiform, somewhat clavate and hairy at the tips, half the length 
 of the labmm. Labium semicylindrical. Antennae 5 -jointed, porrect, 
 nutant, jointly shorter than the breadth of the head, seated on the 
 epistoma; first and second joints of equal length; first small; second 
 larger, cyathiform ; third conical ; fourth very short, seated on the base 
 of the third; fifth pubescent, setiform. Thorax convex, pubescent; 
 scutellum semicircular. Wings lanceolate, finely pubescent, incumbent 
 and parallel in repose, extending beyond the abdomen; subapical 
 areolet entire ; axillary lobe distinct ; subcostal and radial wins ending 
 separately in the margin ; transverse prcebrachial vein placed before the 
 
CHKYSOCLAMIS. 279 
 
 middle of the disced areolet. Halteres half-covered. Abdomen oval, 
 pubescent, slightly convex. Legs slender ; hind metatarsi dilated. 
 Male. Eyes contiguous. Fern. Eyes parted. 
 
 1. rostrata, L. s. n. ii. 1004. 1 (1767); Dg. ; Fb. ; Shr. ; Gm. ; 
 Pz. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. campestris, Mg. ; Mq. ; Ct. ! 
 b. e. 182. Nigro-aenea, capite antico scutello abdomine pedibusque 
 pallidis, thorace cinereo-quinquevittato, alis subcinereis. Long. 3^-4^ ; 
 alar. 7-10 lin. 
 
 Black. Head tawny in front. Antennae pale red, seated on a 
 tubercle. Thorax seneous-black, clothed with black hairs. Scutellum 
 dark tawny, clothed with yellow hairs. Wings pale grey, with five 
 cinereous stripes, which are most distinct in the female, with a tawny 
 tinge at the base and along the fore border as far as the stigma, which 
 is tawny. Halteres tawny, their knobs partly brown. Abdomen testa- 
 ceous, generally black at the base, the tip, and along each side, and 
 with a black dorsal band, which is frequently indistinct towards the 
 tip ; hind borders of the segments more or less dark. Legs tawny ; 
 a black band round each tibia, a black stripe on each of the anterior 
 tarsi ; hind tarsi black. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 Genus XXIV. CHRYSOCLAMIS. 
 
 CHRYSOCLAMIS, Eondani, MSS.* Conors p., Spl. Syrphus p., Fb. ; 
 *Pz. ; Esi.; Mg. ; St. F. et Srv. ; Ct. Musca p., Gm. Mophilus 
 p., LI. Eristalis p., Fb. ; LI. ; Fin.; Ztt. Cheilosia p., Mq. 
 Ferdinandia, Edn. 
 
 Epistoma tuberculatum. Antenna breves, capitis latitudine conjunctim 
 breviores, articulo tertio suborbiculato, articulo quarto dorsali, quinto 
 nudo. Thorax pubescens, setis aspersus. Scutellum convexiusculum, 
 margine non bene determinate. Ala areola subapicali Integra, basi ad 
 apicem gradatim latescente, lobo axillari distincto, venis subcostali et 
 radiali ad marginem disjunctis, vena transversa prabrachiali areola 
 discali media inserta. Pedes simplices. 
 
 Maxillae very short. Palpi longer than the labrum. Antenna 
 jointly shorter than the breadth of the head ; fourth joint dorsal or seated 
 on the back of the third ; fifth naked or pubescent. TJwrax pubescent, 
 with some stiff bristles among the pubescence. Scutellum somewhat con- 
 vex, with an undefined edge. Wrings with the subapical areolet entire, 
 gradually widened from the base outwards ; axillary lobe distinct ; sub- 
 
 * Substituted for Ferdinandia, Rdn., which offends against a canon : see L. Phil. 
 Bot., pp. 236, 237. 
 
280 SYRPHIDjE. 
 
 costal and radial veins ending separately in the margin ; transverse pm~ 
 brachial vein placed at or beyond the middle of the discal areolet. 
 
 1. cuprea, Spl. e.c.(1763); Bdn. norm's, Fb.jKsi.; Gm.; Pz.! 
 fa. Ixxvii. 20 ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Gmtl. Nigricans, epi- 
 stomate luteo immaculate, antennarum articulo tertio testaceo, thorace 
 vittis quatuor cinereis, ahdomine ceneo, epistomate scutello antennarum 
 articulo tertio pedibusque luteis, alis fusco-bimaculatis. Long. 4-5 ; 
 alar. 9-12 lin. 
 
 Black. Head tawny ; crown black. Proboscis piceous. Antennae 
 red, black above ; fourth joint black. Thorax with four grey stripes, 
 beset on each side with black bristles ; scutellum greyish-tawny. Wings 
 pale grey, slightly tawny along the fore border, with two brown spots 
 on the veinlets in the disc. Halteres yellow, with brown knobs. Ab- 
 domen aeneous, thickly clothed with short tawny hairs. Legs tawny. 
 
 Generally distributed. The larva feeds on fungi. (E. S. I.) 
 
 Genus XXV. CHEILOSIA. 
 
 CHEILOSIA, Mg. ; Lw. ; Edn. Musca p., L. ; Dg. ; Gm. Syrphus 
 p., Fb. s. i. ; LI. ; Pz. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; St. F. et Srv. Eristalis p., 
 Fb. s. a. ; LI. ; Ztt. Milesia p., Fb. s. a. Conops p., Spl. 
 
 From cribrata vel canaliculata. Epistoma vix elongatum, ad os promi- 
 nens. Antenna capitis latitudine conjunctim breviores, basi disjunct^; 
 articulus quartus dorsalis, quintus nudus vel pubescens. Ala areolis 
 discali et subapicali margine posteriore fere aqualiter remotis et illi 
 parallelis, areola subapicali Integra, lobo axillari distincto, venis 
 subcostali et radiali ad marginem disjunctis, vena transversa prabra- 
 chiali ante areola discalis medium locata. Abdomen segmentis 5 (vel 6) 
 
 Head semicircular ; front pitted or channelled ; face concave ; epi- 
 stoma but little elongated horizontally, a little compressed beneath the 
 antennae, with a slight tubercle above the peristoma, protuberant towards 
 the mouth, notched in front. Peristoma oval. Eyes hairy. Labrum 
 long, stout, terminating in two lobes which have a spine between them. 
 Lingua attenuate, acute, shorter than the labrum. Maxillae slender, 
 curved, nearly as long as the lingua. Palpi slender, nearly linear, 
 pubescent, slightly pilose, rounded at the tips, as long as the labrum. 
 Labium large, rather long. Antennae 5-joiuted, jointly shorter than the 
 breadth of tlie head, separated at the base, seated on a slight projection 
 in front ; first and second joints bristly ; first long, clavate, obliquely 
 truncate ; second subcyathiform, shorter and broader than the first ; 
 third large, elliptical, velvety ; fourth very minute, seated on- the third 
 near the base ; fifth setiform, pubescent, bare at the tip, of moderate 
 

 CHEILOSIA. 281 
 
 length. Thorax oval, convex, hairy ; scutellum semicircular. Wings 
 lanceolate, finely pubescent, incumbent and parallel in repose ; discal 
 and subapical areolets nearly equidistant from, and parallel to, the pos- 
 terior margin ; subapical areolet entire / axillary lobe distinct ; subcostal 
 and radial veins ending separately in the margin ; transverse prabrachial 
 vein placed before tJie middle of the discal areolet. Halteres uncovered. 
 Abdomen with only jive or six segments apparent. Legs slender ; hind 
 legs longer than the anterior; anterior femora a little thickened at 
 the base ; tibiae slightly curved ; hind tarsi long. 
 
 The CheilosifB are generally of rather large size ; they frequent 
 meadows and woods. The species may be thus grouped : 
 
 a. Wings spotted. Species 1, 2. 
 a a. Wings unspotted. 
 b. Abdomen unspotted. 
 
 c. Body very hairy. Species 3-5. 
 c c. Body slightly hairy. Species 6-16. 
 b b. Abdomen spotted. Species 17. 
 
 1. lucorum, L. fn. ii. 1803 (1761) ; Fb. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; 
 Lw. ; Ct. ! b. e. 753 ; St. ! ill. 47. \.-pradncta, Spl. ; fig. Hrs. xxiv. 
 28. Nigro-cinerea, scutello fulvo, alis macula dimidiata fusca, abdo- 
 mine basiflavo. Long. 5 ; alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Black. Head tawny on the crown, whitish with a black stripe in 
 front, clothed with tawny hairs and with white hairs beneath. Thorax 
 dark green, clothed with ferruginous hairs ; scutellum tawny. Wings 
 colourless, with a very large brown spot extending from the fore border 
 to the disc. Alulae grey. Halteres brown. Abdomen yellow towards 
 the base, chalybeous towards the tip, clothed with hoary hairs and in 
 the middle with black hairs. Femora at the tips and tibiae towards 
 the base yellow. 
 
 Generally distributed ; inhabits woods. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. cestracea, L. s. n. ii. 985. 34 (1767) ; Dg. ; Fb. ; LI. ; Fin. ; 
 Mg. ; Mq. ; Lw.; Ztt. rupestris, Pz. ! fn. lix. 13. Nigro-tmea, alis 
 macula dimidiata fusca. Long. 5-5^; alar. 11-12 lin. 
 
 Black, clothed with short pale tawny hairs. Antennae pitchy ; first 
 and second joints ferruginous ; fourth black. Thorax aeneous-black, 
 clothed with long hoary hairs beneath and on the scutellum. Wings 
 pale grey, colourless towards the base, with a large pale brown spot 
 extending from near the middle of the fore border to the disc. Alulae 
 white. Halteres yellow, with brown tips. Abdomen clothed with hoary 
 hairs at the base, with black hairs in the middle, and with luteous hairs 
 at the tip. Legs black ; tibiae towards the base and tarsi beneath 
 ferruginous. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 3. grossa, Fin. syrph. 53. 7 (1816); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Nigro- 
 VOL. i. 2* o 
 
282 SYRPHID.E. 
 
 aenea fulvo-hirta, antennis nigris, alls sublimpidis ad costam subfulvis, 
 ano nigro-hirto, tibiis fulvis. Long. 5-6; alar. 10-12 lin. 
 
 jEneous-black, thickly clothed with tawny hairs. Antennae black. 
 Wings almost colourless, with a slight tawny tinge along the fore 
 border. Alula? white. Halteres tawny. Tip of the abdomen clothed 
 with black hairs. Legs black ; tibia? tawny. 
 
 Not common ; appears in the spring. (E.) 
 
 4. chrysocoma, Mg. zw. iii. 280. 4 (1822) ; Mq. ; Ztt. ? Nigro- 
 aenea omnino fulvo-hirta, antennis nigris, alis sublimpidis ad costam 
 subfulvis, tibiis fulvis. Long. 6-g- ; alar. 11 lin. 
 
 jEneous-black, thickly wholly clothed with tawny hairs. Antennae 
 black. Wings almost colourless, with a slight tawny tinge along the 
 fore border. Alulae white. Halteres yellow, with brown knobs. Legs 
 black ; tarsi beneath and tibiae tawny. 
 
 Bare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 5. flavipes, Pz. ! Fn. liv. 10; Mg. (1822); Ztt. Nigro-aenea 
 fulvo-hirta, antennis f err ugineis, alis subcinereis, pedibus fulvis, meta- 
 tarsis posticis basi nigris. Long. 5 ; alar. 11 lin. 
 
 ^Eneous-black, clothed with tawny hairs. Antenna ferruginous. 
 Wings pale grey, very slightly clouded about the veinlets. Alulae 
 white. Halteres yellow. Legs tawny ; hind tarsi black towards the 
 base. 
 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 6. means, Fb. e. s. sppl. 562. 63. 64 (1794); Mg.; Mq.; Lw.; 
 Ztt. Nigro-aenea, antennis ferrugineis, alis cinereis ad costam fulvis, 
 pedibus fulvis, femoribus nigris, tibiis subfasciatis. Long. 4-4|- ; alar. 
 9-10 lin. 
 
 JSneous-black, clothed with pale tawny hairs. Antenna bright fer- 
 ruginous ; fourth joint black. Wings grey, tawny along the fore border. 
 Alulae white. Halteres yellow, with ferruginous knobs. Legs tawny ; 
 femora black ; tibia with indistinct bands. 
 
 Not common. (E. S.) 
 
 7. chlorus, Mg. zw. iii. 284. 11(1822); Mq.; Ztt. Nigro-aenea, 
 antennis ferrugineis, alis cinereis ad costam subfulvis, pedibus nigris, 
 tibiis fulvis nigro-cinctis. 
 
 j?Eneous-black, clothed with pale tawny hairs. Antenna ferruginous. 
 Scutellum transversely foveolated. Wings grey, tinged with tawny 
 beneath the fore border. Alulae slightly greyish. Halteres tawny. 
 Legs black ; tibia tawny, with a black band. Fern. Front trisulcate. 
 
 Not common. (E. S. I.) 
 
 8. variabilis, Pz. ! fn. Ix. 10; LI. (1810); Fin.; Mg.; Mq. ; 
 Lw. ; Ztt. atra, Fb, nigrita, Fb. Cyaneo-nigra, albido-hirta, anten- 
 nis nigro-piceis, alis cinereis ad costam subfnscis , pedibus nigris. Long. 
 3-5 : alar. 7-11 lin. 
 
CHEILOSIA. 283 
 
 Bluish-black, clothed with short whitish hairs. Antennae black ; third 
 joint piceous. Wings grey, brownish beneath the fore border. Alulae 
 white. Halteres yellow; sometimes with a brown spot on the knob. 
 Legs black ; tarsi clothed beneath with ferruginous down. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 9. nigrina, Mg. zw. iii. 282. 7 (1822). Nigra nigro-hirta, alis 
 cinereis, abdomine albo-hirto. Long. 5 ; alar. 10 lin. 
 
 Black, clothed with black hairs. Eyes hairy. Wings grey. Halteres 
 tawny, their knobs mostly black. Abdomen clothed with white hairs. 
 
 Rare. In the collections of the Entomological Club and of 
 Mr. Stephens. (E.) 
 
 10. albitarsis, Mg. zw. iii. 290. 22(1822); Mq. Atra, abdo- 
 mine albido-hirto, pedibus piceis, tarsis pallidis. Long. 3| ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Male, var. ? Deep black, clothed with black hairs. Eyes hairy. 
 Wings almost colourless. Alulae white. Halteres pale yellow. Ab- 
 domen chalybeous along each side and at the tip, clothed on each side 
 with rather long whitish hairs. Legs piceous ; second, third, and fourth 
 joints of the fore tarsi yellow, of the posterior tarsi ferruginous. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E. S. I.) 
 
 H. mutabilis, Fin. syrph. 54. 10 (1816); Mg.; Mg.; Ztt. 
 Nigra albido-hirta, antennis piceis, alis subcinereis ad costam subfulvis, 
 abdomine nigro-seneo, tibiis basifulvis. Long. 4-4^ ; alar. 8-9 lin. 
 
 Black, clothed with whitish hairs. Antenna piceous. Wings pale 
 grey, with a very slight tawny tinge beneath the fore border. Alulae 
 white. Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen asneous-black. Tibiae tawny 
 towards the base. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 12. scutellata, Fin. syrph. 55. 13 (1816); Mg. ! zw. iii. pi. 30. 
 f. 29, 30 ; Mq. ; Ztt. Nigro-a3nea, antennis ferrugineis, scutelli margine 
 postico fulvo, alis subcinereis, abdomine nigro, pedibus fulvis piceo- 
 cinctis. Long. 3^-4 ; alar. 7-8 lin. 
 
 JSneous-black, clothed with pale tawny hairs. Antennae bright fer- 
 ruginous ; fourth joint black. Scutellum tawny along the hind border. 
 Wings pale grey. Alulse white. Halteres yellow. Abdomen black. 
 Legs tawny ; femora and tibiae with broad piceous bands ; tarsi partly 
 piceous. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 13. nigripes, Mg. zw. iii. 282. 8 (1822) ; Mq. \Nigra albido- 
 hirta, antennis piceis, alis cinereis basi obscurioribus, abdomine chalybeo. 
 Long. 3-3| ; alar. 6-7 lin. 
 
 Black, clothed with short whitish hairs. Antennae piceous. Wings 
 grey, darker towards the base. AlulaB white. Halteres yellow. Ab- 
 domen chalybeous. 
 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
284 SYHPHID.E. 
 
 14. chalybeata, Mgrle. ; Mg. zw. iii. 294. 32 (1822). Nigra 
 albido-hirta, antennis piceis, alis subcinereis, abdomine subchalybeo, tibiis 
 fulvo-piceis. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 5-6 lin. 
 
 Blacky thinly clotlied with sJiort whitish hairs. Antenna piceous. 
 Wings slightly tinged with grey. Alulae white. Halteres yellow. Ab- 
 domen slightly chalybeous. Legs black; knees tawny; tibiae piceous, 
 tawny towards the base, or tawny with a piceous band. Male. Abdomen 
 more chalybeous than that of the female. Legs paler. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 15. vulpiims, Mg. zw. iii. 292. 27 (1825). Nigra, antennis piceis, 
 thoracefusco-hirto, alls cinereis basi et ad costam subfuscis, abdomine fer- 
 rugineo-hirto. Long. 4^ ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Black. Head hoary in front. Eyes hairy. Antenna piceous. Thorax 
 clothed with short brown hairs. Wrings grey, brownish at the base and 
 along two-thirds of the costa. Halteres tawny with piceous knobs. 
 Abdomen clothed with ferruginous hairs. Knees ferruginous. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 
 
 16. funeralis, Mg. zw. iii. 292. 26 (1822). Nigra nigro-hirta, 
 antennis piceis, alis cinereis, abdomine albido-hirto, tibiis basi ferrugineis. 
 Long. 3 ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Black, clothed with black hairs. Eyes hairy. Antenna piceous. 
 Wings grey. Halteres brownish. Abdomen clothed with whitish hairs. 
 Tibia attJte base and knees ferruginous. 
 
 Rare. In Mr. Stephens' s collection. (E.) 
 
 17. maculata, Fin. syrph. 52.6(1816); Mg. ; Mq.; Ztt. Nigra, 
 antennis luteis, alis cinereis, abdomine maculis sex cinereis. Long. 4 ; 
 alar. 8 lin. 
 
 Black, slightly shining, thinly clothed with short pale tawny hairs. 
 Antennae luteous, black at the base and at the tips. Wings dark grey. 
 Alula? white. Halteres tawny, with brown knobs. Abdomen with 
 three large transverse grey spots on each side, the hind pair almost 
 united. 
 
 Not common ; frequents the flowers of the Wild Garlic. (E. S.I.) 
 
 Genus XXVI. SYRPHUS. 
 
 Musca p., L. ; Dg. ; Mb*. ; Shr. ; Gm. Syrphus p., Fb. s. i. ; LI. ; Mg. ; 
 St. F. et Srv. ; Mq. ; Kdn. Conops p., Spl. Eristalis p., Fb. s. a. 
 Elophilus p., LI. Scava p., Fb. s. a. ; Pz. ; Fin. Scam, Ct. ; Ztt. 
 Platyclteirus (inch), St. F. et Srv. Didea (incl.), Mq. B&ica (incl.), 
 Mg. Syrphus, Spazigaster, et Lasiopthicus, Rdn. 
 
 From lams, convexa. Epistoma vix elongatum, ad os prominens. An- 
 tenna capitis latitudine conjunction breviores, basi disjuncta ; articulus 
 
SYRPHUS. 285 
 
 quartus dorsalis, quintus nudus. Thoracis latera immaculata. Alee 
 areolis discali et sulapicali margine posteriore fere cequaliter remotis et 
 illi parallelis, areola subapicali Integra, lobo axillari distincto, venis 
 subcostali et radiali ad marginem disjunctis, vena transversa prcebra- 
 chiali ante areolce discalis medium inserta. Abdomen segmentis 5 (pel 
 6) tantum conspicuis. 
 
 Head semicircular ; front even, convex ; epistoma but little elongated 
 horizontally, a little compressed beneath the antennas, with some slight 
 tubercles above the peristoma, protuberant towards tlie mouth ; peristoma 
 oblong, straitened in front, directed upwards. Eyes bare or hairy. 
 Labrum curved, notched at the tip, much shorter than the labium. 
 Lingua pointed, nearly as long as the labium. Maxillae and palpi of 
 various length. Labium rather long, semicylindrical. Antennas 5- 
 jomted, jointly shorter than the breadth of the head, seated a little above 
 the middle of the face, porrect, nutant, separated at the base ; first and 
 second joints small, bristly; first clavate; second short, transverse, 
 subcyathiform, oblique ; third large, oval ; fourth very small, seated on 
 the base of the third-, fifth setiform, bare. Thorax oval, convex, hairy; 
 sides immaculate ; scutellum semicircular. Wings lanceolate, finely pu- 
 bescent, incumbent and parallel in repose ; discal and subapical areolets 
 nearly equidistant from and parallel to the posterior margin ; subapical 
 areolet entire ; axillary lobe distinct ; subcostal and radial veins ending 
 separately in the margin ; transverse prcebrachial vein placed before the 
 middle of the discal areolet. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen depressed, 
 elliptical or linear, with only Jive (or six) segments apparent. Legs slender. 
 Male. Eyes contiguous. Fern. Eyes remote. 
 
 The flight of the Syrphi is swift ; they often hover motionless 
 in the air, and then dart away. The larvae of many species feed 
 on Aphides ; they are oblong, depressed, narrow in front, broad 
 behind ; the mouth is armed with a trident or three points, on 
 which they transfix their prey, and then raise it in the air, and 
 devour it. The larva of S.pymstri feeds on the Aphis of the Rose ; 
 it has six rows of tubercular feet, and seven feet in each row. 
 
 "The dorsal vessel of the fly (e. g., 8. pyrastri), instead of the 
 usual form which it had in the larva, assumes the shape of a flask, 
 having its long end directed towards the thorax ; the pulsation 
 and transmission of the fluid in it is manifest. This vessel 
 extends in length from the junction of the trunk with the abdo- 
 men to about the termination of the second segment. The in- 
 cluded fluid is propelled at intervals by drops, first from the wide 
 end towards the trunk, and then in the contrary direction. It is 
 conjectured that the neck of this vessel is composed of two or 
 more approximated tubes, and that the blood is conveyed forward 
 by the outward ones, and backward by the intermediate one ; also 
 
286 SYRPHID.E. 
 
 that there is a kind of secondary heart, at the extremity next the 
 thorax, for the purpose of causing the reflux. This structure has 
 been observed in many of the genera allied to Sueva, and it is sup- 
 posed to be also widely diffused among the Musdda" 
 The species may be grouped thus : 
 
 a. Abdomen oblong-oval, with straight or arched yellow bands. Legs 
 simple. 
 
 b. Wings with the fourth longitudinal vein curved in the disc. 
 c. Eyes bare. Species 1. 
 c c. Eyes hairy. Species 2. 
 
 b b. Wings with the fourth longitudinal vein not or hardly curved. 
 d. Eyes bare. 
 
 e. Scutellum pale. Head yellow. 
 /. Bands of the abdomen simple. 
 
 g. Bands of the abdomen straight. Species 3-6. 
 g g. Bands of the abdomen arched. Species 7-9. 
 //. Bands of the abdomen double. Species 10. 
 e e, Scutellum aeneous. Species 11. 
 d d. Eyes hairy. 
 
 h. Bands of the abdomen straight. 
 
 i. Intermediate bands of the abdomen entire. Species 
 
 12, 13. 
 i i. All the bands of the abdomen interrupted. Species 
 
 34-17. 
 
 h h. Bands of the abdomen arched or lunulate. Species 18. 
 a a. Abdomen narrow, linear ; the yellow bands always straight. 
 k. Scutellum yellow. Epistoma white or yellow. 
 
 I. Bands of the abdomen interrupted. Species 19, 20. 
 
 I 1. Intermediate bands of the abdomen entire. Species 21, 22. 
 Jc Je. Scutellum and epistoma aeneous. 
 
 m. Tarsi of the male dilated. Fore tarsi of the female short, 
 serrated. 
 
 n. Abdomen with interrupted bands or quadrate spots. 
 o. Epistoma long, conical. Species 23. 
 o o. Epistoma tuberculate, not long nor conical. Species 
 
 24-28. 
 
 n n. Abdomen ferruginous-red. Species 29. 
 m m. Tarsi simple in both sexes. Species 30-33. 
 
 1. alneti, Fin. syrph. 38. 4 (1816); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt.glaucius, 
 Pz. ! fn. lix. 17. Nigra, scutello fulvo, alis subcinereis, abdomine 
 flavo-quinquefasciato, pedibus luteis, femoribus basi nigris, tibiis pos- 
 ticis piceo-cinctis. Long. 6 ; alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Black, clothed with tawny hairs. Vertex bluish-black; epistoma 
 yellow, with a black scapula. Scutellum dull tawny. Wings slightly 
 grey, brownish at the base and along the costa ; stigma dark brown. 
 
SYRPHUS. 28? 
 
 Abdomen with five yellow bands ; first interrupted ; second and third 
 half interrupted or notched on the hind border ; fourth and fifth en- 
 tire. Legs luteous ; femora black towards the base ; hind tibiae with 
 piceous bands ; tarsi piceous towards the tips. 
 
 Very rare. In Mr. Stephens' s and Mr. Desvignes' collections. 
 (E. I.) 
 
 2. pyrastri, L. s. n. ii. 987. 51 (1767) ; Fb. ; Shr. ; Gm. ; Esi. ; 
 LI. ; Fin.; Mg. ; Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. roses, Dg. selenitica, Mg. ; Lw.; 
 Ztt. unicolor, Ct. ! b. e. 509. Nigro-cyaneus, scutello subfulvo, alis 
 limpidis, abdomine albo- vel flavo-trifasciato, pedibus flavis femoribus 
 basi nigris. Long. 6^-7 ; alar. 11-14 lin. 
 
 Blackish-blue, clothed with pale hairs. Head whitish, with a black 
 stripe in front. Maxillae more than twice the length of the palpi. 
 Palpi cylindrical, obtuse, extremely short. Antennas piceous, tawny at 
 the base. Thorax with an indistinct tawny stripe on each side ; scu- 
 tellum dull tawny, more or less tinged with blue. Wings colourless. 
 Alulae white. Halteres luteous. Abdomen with three interrupted 
 whitish or yellowish bands, which are sometimes, but rarely, wanting ; 
 hind borders of the fourth and fifth segments whitish. Legs yellow ; 
 femora black towards the base ; hind femora black ; tarsi ferruginous. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 3. grossularise, Mg. zw. iii. 306. 48 (1822); Mq. ; Lw.; Ztt. 
 erratica, L. ribesii, var. major, Fin. Viridi-aeneus, antennis nigris, 
 abdomine nigro fasciis quatuor rectis latis prima interrupta reliquis in- 
 tegris luteis, pedibus luteis, femoribus basi nigris. Long. 6 ; alar. 13 lin. 
 
 Head yellow ; vertex black ; a triangular black spot about the ocelli. 
 Antenna black. Thorax a3neous-green, clothed with tawny hairs, 
 slightly tawny along each side ; scutellum tawny. Wings colourless ; 
 stigma pale brown. Alulae yellowish-white. Halteres yellow. Abdo- 
 men almost linear, black, clothed with black hairs, adorned with four 
 broad luteous bands, which are clothed with tawny hairs ; first band in- 
 terrupted, forming a triangular spot on each side ; the other three entire, 
 linear, and parallel. Legs luteous; femora black at the base; anterior 
 tarsi ferruginous, luteous at the base ; hind tarsi brown, ferruginous at 
 the base. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Saunders's collection. (E. S. I.) 
 
 4. ribesii, L. s. n. ii. 987. 50 (1767); Dg. ; Fb. ; Shr. ; Gm. ; 
 LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Yiridi-aeneus, antennis piceis subtusfer- 
 rugineis, abdomine nigro fasciis quatuor rectis subangustis prima inter- 
 rupta secunda et tertia leviter emarginatis pedibusque luteis. Long. 
 4^-6 ; alar. 9-12 lin. 
 
 Head yellow ; vertex aeneous-green. Maxillae half the length of the 
 palpi. Palpi half the length of the labrum. Antenna piceous, ferru- 
 ginous beneath, tawny at the base ; fourth joint ferruginous. Thorax 
 aeneous-green, clothed with tawny hairs, sometimes with a tawny stripe 
 
288 
 
 SYRPHID^. 
 
 along each side ; scutellum dingy yellow. Wings almost colourless ; 
 stigma lurid. AlulaB white. Halteres yellow, with luteous knobs. 
 Abdomen fusiform, clothed with short black hairs, and on each side of 
 the base with long pale hairs, adorned with four luteous bands which are 
 oblique at each end ; first band interrupted ; second and third notched on 
 the hind borders ; fourth with a black disc or wholly divided. Legs 
 luteous ; anterior tarsi ferruginous ; hind tarsi piceous. 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 5. vitripennis, Mgrle. ; Mg. zw. iii. 308. 50 (1822) ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; 
 Lw. confinis, Ztt. Viridi-aBneus, antennis piceis subtus f err ugineis, ab- 
 domine nigro fasciis quatuor rectis subangustis prima interrupta secunda 
 et tertia leviter emarginatis pedibusque luteis, femoribus basi nigris, tibiis 
 posticis piceo-cinctis. Long. 5-5^; alar. 10-11 lin. 
 
 Head luteous ; vertex a3neous. Antennae piceous, ferruginous be- 
 neath. Thorax aeneous-green; scutellum yellow, clothed with black 
 hairs. Wings colourless ; stigma pale brown. AlulaB yellowish- white. 
 Halteres yellow. Abdomen black, fusiform, clothed with black hairs, 
 adorned with four luteous bands, which are clothed with tawny hairs ; 
 first band interrupted ; second and third notched on the hind border, ob- 
 lique at each end ; fourth more or less divided by a narrow black band. 
 Legs luteous ; femora black at the base ; hind femora black ; hind tibiae 
 with piceous bands ; tarsi ferruginous ; hind tarsi piceous. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S.) 
 
 6. bifasciatus, Fb. e. s. iv. 305. 101 (1781) ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Ahr. ; 
 Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. interruptus, Gm. Viridi-aBneus, antennis piceis 
 subtus ferrugineis, abdomine nigro fasciis duabus pedibusque luteis. 
 Long. 4i-5 ; alar. 10-11 lin. 
 
 Head yellow, with a black stripe above the peristoma ; vertex seneous- 
 green. AntennaB piceous, ferruginous beneath ; fourth joint ferru- 
 ginous towards the base. Thorax seneous-green ; scutellum tawny 
 with an aBneous-green tinge. Wings colourless ; stigma lurid. Alulae 
 white, with yellow borders. Halteres luteous. Abdomen black, fusi- 
 form, adorned with two luteous bands ; the first broad and interrupted ; 
 the second narrow and entire. Legs luteous ; hind tarsi brown. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 7. luniger, Mg. zw. iii. 300. 40 (3822); Mq.; Ztt. arcuata 
 var., Fin. Viridi-aBneus, antennis nigris articulo tertio subtus ferru- 
 gineo, abdomine nigro fasciis tribus latis arcuatis interruptis pedibusque 
 luteis, femoribus basi nigris. Long. 5 ; alar. 10 lin. 
 
 Head yellow, with a short piceous stripe above the peristoma. An- 
 tennae black ; third joint ferruginous beneath. Thorax aBneous-green ; 
 scutellum aeneous-tawny. Wings pale grey; stigma pale brown. 
 AlulaB whitish, with yellow borders. Halteres tawny. Abdomen fusi- 
 form, black, adorned with three luteous spots on each side ; the first pair 
 less lunular than the second or the third; a ferruginous spot on each 
 
SYRPHUS. 289 
 
 side at the tip ; under side luteous with large quadrate black spots in 
 the disc. Legs luteous ; femora black at the base j tarsi ferruginous, 
 with piceous tips ; hind tarsi piceous, ferruginous at the base. 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 8. arcuatus, Fin. syrph. 42. 11 (1816); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Viridi- 
 aeneus, antennis piceis, abdomine nigro fasciis tribus angustis arcuatis 
 interruptis flavis, pedibus luteis femoribus basi nigris, tibiis piceo- 
 cinctis. Long. 4-4^ ; alar. 9-1 lin. 
 
 Head luteous, with a black stripe above the peristoma; vertex 
 aeneous-green. Antenna piceous. Thorax aeneous-green; scutellum 
 tawny. Wings pale grey ; stigma brown. Alulae white, with yellow 
 borders. Halteres yellow. Abdomen fusiform, black, adorned with 
 three transverse yellow spots on each side; second and third pair lunular ; 
 hind border of the fourth segment yellow. Legs luteous ; femora some- 
 times more or less black ; hind tibia3 with piceous bands. 
 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 9. corollee, Fb. e. s. iv. 306. 106 (1792) ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. 
 pyrorum, Shr. olitorius. Fin. Viridi-aeneus, antennis fulvis apice et 
 supra piceis, abdomine nigro fasciis quatuor latis, prima interrupta, se- 
 cunda tertiaque emarginatis pedibusque luteis, femoribus basi nigris. 
 Long. 4-4^ ; alar. 8-9 lin. 
 
 Head yellow, with a short black stripe above the peristoma ; vertex 
 black. Maxillae about one-third of the length of the labrum. Palpi as 
 long as the maxillae. Antenna tawny, piceous above and at the tips. 
 Thorax aeneous-green, clothed with tawny hairs ; scutellum tawny. 
 Wings colourless ; stigma brownish-tawny. Alulae white. Halteres 
 yellow. Abdomen elliptical, clothed with short black hairs, and on 
 each side of the base with long whitish hairs, adorned with four broad 
 luteous bands ; first band interrupted; second and third oblique on each 
 side, notched on the hind borders ; disc of the fourth sometimes black. 
 Legs luteous ; femora black towards the base ; tarsi ferruginous, 
 brownish towards the tips. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 10. balteatus, Dg. ins. vi. 52. 7 (1783); Mg. ; Mq. ; Lw. ; 
 Ztt. alternatus, Shr. ; Gf. ; Gm. ; Esi. canabinus, Gm. nectareus y 
 Fb. ; Pz. ! fn. Ixxxii. 19 ; Fin. .ZEneus, antennis ferrugineis, thorace 
 cano-subtrivittato, abdomine nigro fasciis quatuor latis lineola trans- 
 versa nigra inscriptis luteis, pedibus fulvis. Long. 5-5^- ; alar. 
 11-12 lin. 
 
 ^Eneous. Head luteous in front. Antennae ferruginous ; third 
 joint black above ; fourth black. Thorax with three indistinct hoary 
 stripes ; scutellum dull tawny. Wings colourless ; veins black ; stigma 
 and halteres tawny. Abdomen black, with four broad variable luteous 
 bands, each including a narrow more or less distinct black bajid ; first 
 
 VOL. i. 2 P 
 
290 SYRPHIDJi. 
 
 band interrupted ; fourth rarely interrupted. Legs tawny, rarely 
 shaded with pale brown. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 11. hyalinatus, Fin. syrph. 43. 13 (1816); Mg.; Mq. ; Ztt. 
 Nigro-cupreus, antennis piceis, alis subeinereis, abdomine nigro luteo- 
 sexmaculato, pedibus piceis. Long. 5-5-1- ; a lar. 12-13 lin. 
 
 Cupreous-black. Head chalybeous in front. Antennas piceous. 
 Wings slightly grey ; stigma lurid. Alulae white, with yellow borders. 
 Halteres yellow, with brown knobs. Abdomen fusiform, black, with 
 three luteous spots on each side; the first pair of spots small; the 
 second and third pair subquadrate, very large. Legs piceous. 
 
 Eare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E. S. I.) 
 
 12. topiarius, Mg. zw. iii. 305. 47 (1822); Ztt. Viridi-seneus, 
 antennis piceis basi et subtus pallidis, abdomine fasciis quatuor latis 
 interrupts unaque integra pedibusque luteis. Long. 4-4 ^; alar. 8-9 lin. 
 
 Head yellow, with a short black stripe above the peristoma ; vertex 
 asneous-green. Antennae piceous, partly ferruginous beneath, tawny 
 at the base. Thorax aeneous-green, clothed with tawny hairs.. Scu- 
 tellum tawny, sometimes tinged with green. Wings almost colourless ; 
 stigma pale brown. Alulae white. Halteres yellow. Abdomen fusi- 
 form, clothed with short black hairs, and on each side of the base with 
 long pale hairs, adorned with four broad luteous bands ; first, second, 
 and third bands interrupted ; fourth entire, its disc most often black. 
 Legs luteous ; tarsi darker. Male. Femora black towards the base. 
 Fern. Hind femora very rarely black towards the base. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 13. tricinctus, Fin. syrph. 41. 9 (1816); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. 
 Niger, abdomine fasciis duabus, secunda interrupta, maculisque quatuor 
 pedibusque flavis. Long. 5 ; alar. 11 lin. 
 
 Black, clothed with pale hairs. Vertex bluish-black ; epistoma with 
 a broad yellow stripe on each side. Scutellum tawny. Wings colour- 
 less, slightly tawny at the base ; stigma dark brown. Halteres yellow. 
 Abdomen with two yellow bands ; the second interrupted ; a yellow spot 
 on each side of the disc near the base, and a yellow marginal spot on each 
 side near the tip. Legs yellow ; femora black towards the base. 
 
 Eare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E. S.) 
 
 14. glaucius, L. fn. ii. 813(1761); Spl.; Gm. ; LI.; Fin.; Ztt. 
 nobilis, Mg. leucozonius, Ahr. ! fn. ii. 25. Fuscus, antennis nigris, 
 thorace cano-subquadrivittato, scutello luteo, abdomine nigro fasciis tribus 
 subinterruptis canis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus basi nigris. Long. 5-6 ; 
 alar. 11-12^ lin. 
 
 Brown. Head luteous. Antennae black. Thorax with four indis- 
 tinct hoary stripes, clothed with tawny hairs on each side in front. 
 Scutellum luteous. Wings pale grey ; veins black ; stigma piceous. 
 
SYRPHUS. 291 
 
 Halteres yellow. Abdomen black, with three half-interrupted hoary 
 bands-, first broad; second and third narrow. Legs tawny ; femora 
 black at the base ; hind femora black with taicny tips ; hind tibiae rarely 
 encircled with black. Fern. Crown with a black stripe. 
 Not rare. (E. S. I.) 
 
 15. laternarius, Mr. pr. 2040 (lllfy.glaucius, Fb. ; Mg. 
 mutatus, Ztt. Niger, abdomine fasciis una lata fulva duabusque canis 
 angustis. Long. 4^5 ; alar. 10-11 lin. 
 
 Black. Head hoary, yellow in front ; disc of the crown aeneous. 
 Wings pale grey ; veins black ; stigma piceous. Halteres yellow. 
 Abdomen with three interrupted bands ; first tawny, very broad ; second 
 and third hoary, narrow. Legs black. 
 
 Not common. (S. I.) 
 
 16. albostriatus, Fin. syrph. 42. 10 (1816); Mg. ; Mq. ; Lw. ; 
 Ztt. ^Eneus, antennis fulvis apice fuscis, thorace cano-bivittato, abdo- 
 mine fasciis quatuor interruptisflavis, pedibus flavis, femoribus basi nigris. 
 Long. 4-4i ; alar. 8-9 lin. 
 
 Body clothed with tawny hairs. Head yellow. Antennae tawny, 
 piceous towards the tips. Thorax aeneous, with two hoary stripes. 
 Scutellum aeneous, tawny. Wings colourless, with a blackish-brown 
 stigma. Alulae white. Halteres luteous. Abdomen with four inter- 
 rupted yellow bands ; the fourth forming only a small spot on each side ; 
 hind borders of the fourth and fifth segments yellow. Legs yellow ; 
 femora black towards the base-, hind tibiae indistinctly banded with 
 brown ; hind tarsi brown above towards the tips. 
 
 Not rare. (E. S. I.) 
 
 17. venustus, Mg. zw. iii. 299. 38 (1822) ; Mq. ; Ztt.solitaria, 
 Ztt. Yiridi-aeneus, antennis piceis subtus ferrugineis, abdomine nigro 
 fasciis quatuor interruptis pedibusque luteis, femoribus basi nigris. Long. 
 
 4-5 ; alar. 8-10 lin. 
 
 Head luteous, with a short black stripe above the peristoma ; vertex 
 seneous-green. Antennas piceous, ferruginous beneath; fourth joint 
 ferruginous. Thorax aeneous-green. Scutellum dull tawny. Wings 
 colourless ; stigma lurid. Alulae yellowish-white. Halteres luteous. 
 Abdomen black, fusiform, adorned with four transverse luteous spots on 
 each side ; hind borders of the fourth and fifth segments luteous ; under 
 side luteous with transverse black spots. Legs luteous ; femora black 
 at the base ; tarsi ferruginous ; hind tarsi piceous. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 18. lunulatus, Mg.zw.iii. 299. 39 (1822); Mq.; Ztt. JSneus, 
 epistomate flaw nigro-vittato, antennis fulvis supra fuscis, scutello aeneo- 
 fusco, abdomine nigro-aeneo lunulis bis tribus, pedibusque flavis, femoribus 
 
 basi nigris. Long. 4-5 ; alar. 9-12 lin. 
 
 jEneous. Vertex aeneous-black ; epistoma yellow, with a black sea- 
 
292 
 
 SYRPHIDJ3. 
 
 pula. Antenna tawny ; third joint brown above. Scutellum aeneous- 
 brown. Abdomen aeneous-black, with three yellow lunules on each side ; 
 tip and legs yellow ; femora black at the base. 
 Not rare. (E. S.) 
 
 19. umbellatamm, Fb. e. s. iv. 307. 107 (1792) ; Fin. ; Mg. ; 
 Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. amcenus, Lw. .ZEneus, antennis nigris, abdomine 
 nigro fasciis tribus ad quinque interruptis pallidis, pedibus anterioribus 
 fulvis posticis nigris. Long. 4-4^; alar. 8-9 lin. 
 
 .ZEneous. Head tawny, yellow or whitish, with a black or aeneous 
 scapula in front. Antenna black. Scutellum lurid. Wings slightly 
 grey ; stigma grey or pale brown. Halteres tawny or yellow. Abdo- 
 men black, with three broad interrupted yellow or white bands ; hind 
 borders of the apical segments yellow or white. Legs tawny ; anterior 
 femora black towards the base ; kind legs black ; knees tawny. Var. 
 /3. Third joint of the antennae ferruginous beneath. Abdomen with 
 four interrupted yellow bands ; first and fourth bands narrow. Far. y. 
 Anterior tibiae with black bands. 
 
 Bare. (E.) 
 
 20. decorus, Mg. zw. iii. 319. 66 (1822); Mq. ; Ztt. ^Eneus, 
 antennis piceis, abdomine fasciis quatuor latis interruptis cyaneo-luteis, 
 pedibus fulvis. Long. 4 ; alar. 10 lin. 
 
 .ZEneous, clothed with pale hairs. Head tawny in front. Antennae 
 piceous. Scutellum tawny. Wings colourless ; stigma tawny. Hal- 
 teres luteous. Abdomen with four broad interrupted luteous bands, which 
 have a bluish tinge. Legs tawny. 
 
 Not common. (E.) 
 
 21. cinctus, Fin. syrph. 45. 18 (1816); Mg. ; Mq.; Ztt. cine- 
 tella, Ztt. ^Eneus, scutello fulvo-piloso, abdomine fasciis quatuor pallidis 
 secunda tertiaque integris. Long. 4-5 ; alar. 8-10 lin. 
 
 jEneous. Head tawny ; vertex aeneous ; a triangular aeneous spot 
 above the antennae ; a dark tawny scapula above the peristoma. An- 
 tennae ferruginous ; third joint piceous above; fourth black. Scutellum 
 tawny, clothed with tawny hairs. Wings slightly grey ; stigma grey. 
 Halteres tawny. Abdomen black, aeneous at the base, adorned with 
 four large subquadrate tawny spots, which are broadest on the outer 
 side, their hind borders being oblique. Legs tawny. Var. /3. Scutel- 
 lum with an aeneous tinge. Wings colourless ; stigma pale brown. 
 Abdomen with four tawny bands ; first and fourth interrupted, and 
 forming a triangle on each side ; second and third of equal breadth ; a 
 tawny dot on each side at the tip. Tar. y. Head luteous. Antennae 
 piceous, ferruginous beneath and at the base. Halteres yellow. Ab- 
 domen with four broad luteous bands ; first interrupted ; second and 
 third with a deep angular indentation on the hind border. Hind legs 
 black ; femora at the base and knees tawny. Var. d. Head yellow. 
 
SYEPHUS. 293 
 
 Stigma pale tawny. Hind femora and hind tibiae tawny, with pale 
 brown bands. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 22. auricollis, Mg. zw. iii. 318. 64 (1822) ; Mq. ; Ztt. ^neus, 
 scutello fusco-piloso, abdomine fasciis quatuor pallidis secunda tertiaque 
 integris. Long. 4f-5 ; alar. 9-10 lin. 
 
 zEneous. Head yellow, with a ferruginous scapula above the peri- 
 stoma ; vertex aBneous. Antennse ferruginous ; third joint piceous 
 above; fourth black. Thorax tawny on each side in front of the 
 wings ; scutellum tawny, slightly seneous on the disc, clothed with 
 brown hairs. Wings slightly grey ; veins black ; stigma brown. Hal- 
 teres yellow. Abdomen broad, with four tawny bands; first inter- 
 rupted ; second and third broad ; fourth narrow. Legs tawny ; hind 
 legs black ; hind femora tawny at the base ; hind knees tawny. Male. 
 Middle femora in some cases black at the base. Var. |3. Head tawny ; 
 scapula dark tawny ; an aaneous triangular spot above the antenna. 
 Halteres tawny. Second abdominal band interrupted especially towards 
 the hind border ; third with an angular notch on the hind border. 
 Hind legs tawny, slightly tinged with brown. 
 
 Not common. (E. S.) 
 
 23. manicatus, Mg. zw. iii. 336. 91 (1822); Mq.; Ztt. ^neus, 
 antennis nigris, abdomine maculis bis quatuor subquadratis fulvis. 
 Long. 4-4J; alar. 9-10 lin. 
 
 JSneous. Antenna3 black. Wings slightly lurid. Halteres yellow. 
 Abdomen with four subquadrate tawny spots on each side ; first pair 
 longer and narrower than the second or the third ; fourth very small. 
 Legs black ; anterior tibiae towards the base and knees tawny. Male. 
 Fore metatarsi whitish. Var. /3. Wings grey. Hind tibias tawny 
 towards the base. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 24. peltatus, Mg. zw. iii. 334. 89 (1822); Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. 
 albimanus var., Fin. JEneus, antennis nigris, abdomine nigro maculis 
 bis tribus subquadratis luteis^pedibus nigris; Mas. genubusflavis, metatarso 
 antico dilatato albo, postico modice incrassato nigro ; Foem. pedibus ante- 
 rioribus fulvis. Long. 3^-4i ; alar. 8-9 lin. 
 
 ^Eneous. Antennas black. Wings slightly grey ; stigma pale 
 brown. Halteres tawny. Abdomen black, asneous at the tip, adorned 
 on each side with subquadrate pale yellow spots. Legs tawny ; hind legs 
 black ; femora at the base and knees tawny. Male. Abdomen with six 
 spots. Fore metatarsi whitish. Fern. Abdomen with eight spots ; fourth, 
 pair small., transverse. Tar. /3. Antenna with the third joint ferru- 
 ginous beneath. Wings colourless; stigma pale grey. Halteres yel- 
 low. Hind legs piceous. Var. y. First pair of abdominal spots trian- 
 gular. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
294 SYKPHIDJ3. 
 
 25. clypeatus, Mg. zw. iii. 335. 90 (1822); Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. 
 albimanus var.. Fin. ^Eneus, antennis nigris, abdomine nigro maculis 
 bis tribus aut quatuor quadratis pedibusque fulvis, pedibus posticis plus 
 minusve obscuris ; Mas. tibiis tarsisque anticis dilatatis Jlavo-albidis. 
 Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6-8 lin. 
 
 JSneous. Antennae black. Wings brown. Halteres tawny. Ab- 
 domen black, aeneous at the base and at the tip, with four pair of tawny 
 spots ; Jirst, second, and third pair large, oblong -quadrate ; fourth pair 
 small. Legs tawny ; hind legs black ; tibia at the base and at the tips 
 and knees tawny. Var. /3. Head and abdomen bluish-black. Wings 
 slightly grey. Abdomen with three pair of luteous spots ; first pair 
 small, nearly round. Anterior legs and bands of posterior legs luteous. 
 Var. y. Legs piceous ; tibiae towards the base and knees tawny. Var. 8. 
 Wings almost colourless. Halteres yellow. Abdomen with four pair 
 of large subquadrate tawny spots ; fore angles of the Jirst pair and hind 
 angles of the other six truncate on the inner side. Hind femora and 
 hind tibia and hind metatarsi with irregular piceous bands. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 26. ferrugineus, Mq. d. n. syrph. 81. 7 (1827) ; Mg. ; Ztt. 
 JEneus, antennis nigris, abdomine fulvo linea dorsali media fasciisque 
 angustissimis nigris, pedibus fulvis, metatarsis posticis nigris ; Mas. tibiis 
 anticis emdenter tarsisque nonnihil dilatatis. Long. 4 4-^ ; alar. 89 lin. 
 
 ^neous. Antennas black. Wings slightly grey ; veins black ; 
 stigma brown. Halteres tawny. Abdomen aeneous, with four large 
 subquadrate tawny spots on each side ; fore angles of the Jirst pair, and 
 hind angles of the other six, truncated ; tip tawny. Legs tawny. Hind 
 metatarsi black. Var. ft. Hind femora, hind tibia, and hind metatarsi 
 with irregular piceous bands. 
 
 Bare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 27. scutatus, Mg. zw. iii. 333. 88 (1822); Mq.; Lw.; Ztt. 
 albimanus var., Fin. ^Eneus, antennis nigris aut fuscis subtus luteis, 
 abdomine nigro bis tribus maculis quadratis Jlavidis (mas.} aut albidis 
 (fcem.), pedibus anterioribus pallidis nigro-maculatis posticis nigris, fe- 
 moribus basi genubusque pallidis. Long. 3^-4^ ; alar. 7-9 lin. 
 
 ^Eneous. Antennae black. Wings slightly grey. Stigma brawn. 
 Halteres tawny. Abdomen black, aeneous at the base and at the tip, with 
 three large subquadrate spots on each side. ' Legs tawny ; anterior femora 
 piceous or black above ; hind legs piceous, with tawny knees. Male. Abdo- 
 minal spots yellowish. Fern. Abdominal spots whitish. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 28. cyaneus, Mir. fh. 761 (17^54). albimanus, Fb. ; Gm. ; Mg. ; 
 Fin ; Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. jEneus aut subccerulescens, antennis nigris, ab- 
 domine maculis bis tribus aut quatuor subquadratis glaucis aut ceneis, 
 pedibus nigro-piceis, tibiis tarsisque anterioribus pallidis horum anticis 
 mare dilatatis. Long. 3^-4 ; alar. 7-8i lin. 
 
SYRPHUS. 295 
 
 Maxillae nearly as long as the palpi. Palpi half the length of the 
 labium, subclavate. Antennae black. Male. Mneous. Wings grey ; 
 stigma pale brown. Halteres piceous. Abdomen black, aeneous at the 
 tip, adorned on each side with three aeneous-tawny subtriangular spots 
 whose hind sides are oblique. Legs piceous ; knees and anterior tarsi 
 pale tawny ; fore femora twfted with black hairs at the base. Fern. 
 Bluish-black. Wings almost colourless. Halteres tawny. Abdomen with 
 three pair of glaucous spots on each side, and a glaucous band at the tip. 
 Legs tawny ; anterior tibia with piceous bands ; hind legs black with tawny 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 29. granditarsus, Fstr. cent. i. 99 (1771). ocymi, Fb. ; Pz. ! 
 fn. Ixxxii. 18 ; Fin.; Mg. ; Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. brassicarius, Pz. ! fn. 
 xx. 20. lobatus, Mg. ^Eneus, antennis nigris, capite scutelloque 
 nigro-cyaneis, abdomine rufo-ferrugineo basi apiceque seneo ; Mas. 
 alis fuscis, pedibus nigris ; Fcem. alis cinereis, abdominis apice ferru- 
 gineo-bimaculato, pedibus fulvis. Long. 3|4|- ; alar. 7-9 liu. 
 
 ^neous. Head bluish-black. Antennae black. Scutellum more or 
 less tinged with blue. Halteres tawny. Abdomen ferruginous-red, 
 aeneous at the base and towards the tip. Male. Wings brown. Legs 
 black ; tibiae towards the base and anterior femora towards the tips 
 tawny. Fern. Wings grey, their discs slightly clouded with brown. 
 Abdomen with two large ferruginous spots on each side towards the 
 tip. Legs tawny ; anterior tarsi brown, tawny at the base ; hind tibiae 
 encircled with black ; hind tarsi brown. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 30. rosarum, Fb. e. s. iv. 307. 109 (1792); Gm. ; Pz. ! fn. 
 cviii. 14 ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Lw. ; Ztt. noctilucus, Pz. ! fh. Ixxii. 24. 
 mellinus, Mg. .ZEneus, antennis nigris, capite scutelloque cyaneis, 
 alis fusco-cinereis, abdomine luteo interrupte fasciato, pedibus piceis 
 fulvo-cinctis ; Mas. abdomine atro apice aeneo ; Fcem. abdomine basi 
 apiceque cyaneo. Long. 4-4^ ; alar. 7-8 lin. 
 
 .ZEneous. Head dark blue. Maxillae half the length of the palpi. 
 Palpi half the length of the labium. Antennae black. Scutellum dark blue. 
 Wings grey, brown from the middle of the costa to the disc. Halteres 
 luteous. Abdomen with a luteous interrupted band at the base of the 
 second segment. Legs piceous ; knees and parts adjoining and tarsi 
 tawny. Male. Abdomen deep black, aeneous at the tip. Fern. Abdo- 
 men blue at the base and with two blue bands towards the tip. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 31. mellinus, L. s. n. ii. 988. 55 (1767); Dg. ; Spl. ; Fb. ; Shr.; 
 LI. ; Fin. ; Ztt. mellarius ? Mg. melliturgus ? Mg. JEneus, antennis 
 nigris subtus ferrugineis, alis subcinereis, abdomine nigro maculis bis 
 quatuor subquadratisflavis, pedibus fulvis aut piceis. Long. 4^; alar. 8 lin. 
 
 jftneous. Antennae black ; third joint ferruginous beneath. Wings 
 
296 SYBPHIDjE. 
 
 slightly grey ; veins black ; stigma brown. Halteres tawny. Abdo- 
 men black, aeneous at the tip, adorned with four pair of large subquadrate 
 yellow spots, whose hind sides are .sliyhtly oblique ; fourth pair smaller 
 than the others. Legs tawny ; hind legs black ; hind femora and 
 hind tibiae tawny at the base. Tar. /3. Head slightly tawny on each 
 side in front ; first pair of abdominal spots almost triangular ; fourth 
 transverse. Legs piceous. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 32. scalaris, Fb. e. s. iv. 108. 312 (1792) ; Pz. ! fn. xlv. 20. 
 gracilis, Mg. zw. iii. 228. 80 (1822) ; LI. ; Mg. ; Ztt.mettinm var., 
 Fin. JEneus, antennis fulvis ant piceis, alis subcinereis, abdomine 
 nigro maculis bis quatvor subtrigonis fulvis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis tar- 
 sisque posticis piceo-cinctis. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6-8 lin. 
 
 JEneous. Antennae tawny or piceous. Wings slightly grey ; stigma 
 grey. Halteres tawny. Abdomen black, aeneous at the tip, with four 
 pair of tawny spots ; frst pair nearly round ; second and third pair sub- 
 triangular, slightly undulating on the outer side ; fourth pair transverse. 
 Legs tawny ; hind tibiae and hind tarsi with piceous bands. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 33. concolor, n. JEneo-viridis, antennis nigris articulo tertio 
 subtus ferrugineo, alis limpidis, abdomine maculis sex subquadratis vix 
 conspicuis cants, pedibus fulvis. Long. 3^ ; alar. 7 lin. 
 
 .ZEneous-green. Antennae black; third joint ferruginous beneath. 
 Wings colourless. Halteres tawny. Abdomen with three large sub- 
 quadrate very indistinct hoary spots on each side. Legs tawny. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 Genus XXVII. DOROS. 
 
 Donos, Mg. ; Mq. d. i. 5 (1834) ; Ztt. ; Rdn. Musca p., L. ; Dg. ; 
 Shll. ; Shf. ; Shr. ; Gf. ; Gm. Syrphus p., Fb. ; Pz. ; LI. ; Mg. 
 Mulio p., Fb. Milesia p., Fb. Eristalis p., Fb. Scceva p., Fin. 
 Baccha p., St. F. et Srv. 
 
 From lavis, convexa. Epistoma vix elongatum, ad os prominens. 
 Antenna capitis latitudine conjunctim breviores, basi disjumtce ; arti- 
 culus quartus dorsalis ; quintus pubescens. ITioracis latera Jlavo- 
 maculata. Alfe areolis discali et subapicali margine posteriore fere 
 tiequaliter remotis et parallelis, areola subapicali integra, lobo axillari 
 distincto, venis subcostali et radiali ad marginem disjunctis, vena tram- 
 versa prcebrachiali ante areolce discalis medium locata. Abdomine 
 segmentis 5 (vel 6) tantum conspicuis. 
 
 Head semicircular ; front even, convex ; epistoma but little elon- 
 gated horizontally, a little compressed beneath the antenna, with some 
 slight tubercles above the peristoma, protuberant towards the mouth. 
 
DOROS. 297 
 
 Peristoma oblong, straitened in front, directed upwards. Eyes bare 
 or hairy. Labrum curved, notched at the tip. Lingua acute, as long 
 as the labrum. Maxillse as long as the palpi. Palpi hardly one-fourth 
 of the length of the labrum. Labium rather long, semicylindrical. 
 Antennae 5 -jointed, porrect, nutant, jointly shorter than the breadth of 
 the head, separated at the base ; first and second joints small ; third 
 round or oblong ; fourth very small, seated on the base of the third ; 
 fifth setiform, pubescent. Thorax oval, convex, hairy ; sides variegated 
 with yellow ; scutellum semicircular. Wings lanceolate, finely pubes- 
 cent, incumbent and parallel in repose; discal and subapical areolets 
 nearly equidistant from and parallel to the posterior margin ; subapical 
 areolet entire ; axillary lobe distinct ; subcostal and radial veins ending 
 separately in the margin ; transverse prcebracldal vein placed before the 
 middle of the discal areolet. Alulae small. Halteres uncovered. Ab- 
 domen depressed, with only five (or six) segments apparent. Legs slender. 
 Male. Front distinctly convex. Eyes connected. Fern. Front slightly 
 convex. Eyes remote. 
 
 1. conopseus, Fb. s. i. ii. 429. 38 (1781); Gm. ; LI.; Fin.; 
 Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. conopsoides, Mg. kl. coarctatus, Pz. ! fn. xlv. 22. 
 Niger flavo-vittatus, antennis piceis, scutello fulvo, alis sublimpidis ad 
 costam fuscis, abdomine flavo-fasciato basi coarctato cylindrico, pedibus 
 luteis, femoribus basi nigris. Long. 7 ; alar. 14 lin. 
 
 Black. Head with a yellow stripe on each side of the crown and of 
 the front. Antennae pitchy, black at the base. Thorax with a yellow 
 stripe on each side ; scutellum tawny. Wings almost colourless, brown 
 along the fore border. Halteres tawny. Abdomen coarctate and cylin- 
 drical at the base, with three yellow bands ; the third ridged in the 
 middle, prominent in front ; a very oblique short yellow stripe on each 
 side near the base. Legs luteous ; femora black towards the base ; a 
 brown, sometimes indistinct band on each tibia. 
 
 Bare. (E.) 
 
 2. citrofasciatus, Dg. i. vi. 118. S.festivus, Shr. ; Fb.; Esi. ; 
 LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. vespiformis, Gf. ent. ii. 479. arcuatus, 
 Dnv. ; Hrs. x.v. 17. Niger, thoracis lateribus scutelloque flavis, alis 
 subcinereis, abdomine flavo-fasciato, pedibus luteis. Long. 5-5f ; 
 alar. 10-11 lin. 
 
 Black. Head yellow. Antennae luteous. Thorax with a yellow 
 stripe on each side ; scutellum yellow, brownish at the base ; pectus 
 with a narrow transverse yellow spot on each side. Wings pale grey, 
 tawny towards the base, brown along the fore border. Halteres brown, 
 yellow or tawny towards the tips. Abdomen with four yellow inter- 
 rupted bands ; hind border of the fourth and fifth segments yellow ; 
 under side with four entire yellow bands, its margin mostly yellow. 
 Legs luteous ; coxce black. Fern. Head with a black stripe in front. 
 
 Not very common. (E. I.) 
 
 VOL. I. 2 Q 
 
298 SYRPHIDjE. 
 
 <l 
 
 3. ornatus, Mg. zw. iii. 298. 37 (1822); Mq. ; Ztt. ; Gmtl. - 
 festivus var., Fin. Niger, thoracis lateribus scutelloque flavis, alls 
 subcinereis, abdomine flavo-fasciato, pedibus flavis, femoribus posticis 
 apice nigris, tibiis posticis fusco-cinctis. Long. 3^-5 ; alar. 710 lin. 
 
 Black. Head yellow or luteous in front. Antennae ferruginous. 
 Thorax with a yellow stripe on each side ; scutellum yellow towards 
 the hind border ; pectus with a narrow transverse yellow spot on each 
 side. Wings slightly tinged with grey, tawny along the fore border 
 from the base to the middle, where there is a short dark brown stripe. 
 Halteres brown, with yellow knobs. Abdomen with four broad yellow 
 interrupted bands ; the first very broad, forming a triangular yellow 
 spot on each side ; under side with entire bands. Legs yellow ; coxce 
 black ; kind femora with black tips ; hind tibiae and hind tarsi tawny ; 
 a slight brown band on each hind tibia. Fern. Head with a black stripe 
 in front. 
 
 Not very common. (E.) 
 
 Genus XXVIII. MELITHREPTUS. 
 
 MELITHREPTUS, Lw. btrg. Musca p., L. ; Km. ; Dg. ; Shr. ; Spl. 
 Syrphus p., Fb. s. i. ; LI. ; Mg. Scaeva p., Fb. s. a. ; Fin. Sphte- 
 rophoria, St. F. et Srv. ; Ztt. ; Edn. 
 
 Corpus angustum, fiavo-pictum. Epistoma vix elongatum, ad os promi- 
 
 nens. Antenna capitis latitudine conjunctim breviores, basi disjunctive ; 
 
 articulus quartus dorsalis ; quintus subnudus. Alee areolis discali et 
 
 subapicali margine posteriore fere cequaliter remotis et illi parallelis, 
 
 areola subapicali Integra, lobo axillari distincto, venis subcostali et 
 
 radiali ad marginem disjunctis, vena transversa prcebrachiali ante 
 
 areolce discalis medium locata. Abdomen segmentis septem conspicuis. 
 
 Mas. Oculi connexi, Abdomen longum, cylindricum. Fcem. Oculi 
 
 modice remoti. Abdomen brevius, depressum. 
 
 Body slender, rather small, almost bare. Head, sides of the thorax, 
 
 scutellum, bands or spots of the abdomen, and legs, yellow. Head 
 
 semicircular. Epistoma but little elongated horizontally, protuberant 
 
 towards the mouth. Antenna 5-jointed, porrect, nutant, jointly shorter 
 
 than the breadth of the head., separated at the base ; first and second 
 
 joints small ; third almost round ; fourth very small, seated on the base 
 
 of the third; fifth setiform, almost bare. Wings rather short and 
 
 narrow ; flight feeble ; discal and subapical areolets nearly equidistant 
 
 from and parallel to the posterior margin ; subapical areolet entire ; 
 
 axillary lobe distinct ; subcostal and radial veins ending separately in the 
 
 margin ; transverse prtebrachial vein placed before the middle of the 
 
 discal areolet. Alulae small. Halteres uncovered. Legs slender. 
 
 Male. Eyes connected. Abdomen long, cylindrical. Fern. Eyes 
 
 parted. Abdomen shorter, depressed. 
 
MELITHEEPTUS. 299 
 
 These flies especially frequent sweet-scented flowers; their 
 movements are slow. The yellow marks on the abdomen are 
 very variable. The larvae feed on Aphides. 
 
 1. scriptus, L.fh.i. 1091(1749); Fb.; LL; Mg. ; Mq.; Lw. ; Ztt. 
 
 gemmatus, Spl. ? menthastri var., Fin. JSneus, capite antennis tho- 
 racis lateribus scutelloque flavis, peristomate puncto nigro, alis sub- 
 cinereis, abdomine fasciis quatuor flams prima et quarto, subinterruptis, 
 pedibus flams. Long. 4-5 ; alar. 7-8 lin. 
 
 ^Eneous. Head, antenna?, sides of the thorax, and scutellum yellow. 
 Peristoma with a black dot. Maxillae nearly as long as the palpi. Palpi 
 subclavate, half the length of the labium. Wings slightly grey. Hal- 
 teres tawny. Abdomen with four yellow bands. Legs yellow. Male. 
 Bands of the abdomen broad; first sometimes interrupted ; second and 
 third rarely interrupted ; third slightly notched ; fourth deeply notched, 
 intersected by a black stripe. Fern. Bands narrow ; third notched ; fourth 
 irregular and interrupted. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. menthastri, L. s. n. ii. 987. 53 (1767); Dg.; Fb. ; Spl.; 
 Shr. ; Rsi. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ^Eneus, capite antennis 
 thoracis lateribus scutelloque flavis, epistomate linea media fusca, alis 
 subcinereis, abdomine fasciis quatuor flams inlerruptis secunda integra, 
 pedibus flavis. Long. 3^-4 ; alar. 6-7 lin. 
 
 JSneous. Head, antenna?, sides of the thorax, and scutellum yellow. 
 Epistoma with a brown stripe. Wings slightly grey. Halteres tawny. 
 Abdomen with four luteom bands. Legs yellow. Male. Bands broad, 
 more or less interrupted and shortened ; very rarely entire; fourth more 
 or less marked with black. Femora rarely black towards the base. Fern. 
 Bands narrow, interrupted, sometimes entire ; hind borders of the segments 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 3. tseniatus, Mg. ! zw. iii.325.71.pl. 30. f. 55(1822); Mq.; Lw.; 
 Ztt. menthastri var., Fin. .ZEneus, capite thoracis lateribus scutello- 
 que flavis, antennis fulvis, alis sublimpidis, abdomine fasciis quatuor 
 luteis lemter emarginatis, pedibus flavis ; Mas. peristomatis margine an- 
 guste nigro, femoribus basi nigris ; Fcem. peristomate puncto nigro. Long. 
 4 ; alar. 6 lin. 
 
 Metallic green. Head, scutellum, and sides of thorax yellow. An- 
 tennae tawny. Wings almost colourless. Halteres luteous. Abdomen 
 with four broad entire luteous bands ; the fourth occupying the whole 
 of the last segment, slightly spotted with black. Legs yellow. Male. 
 Fore border of the peristoma with a narrow black band. Femora black 
 towards the base. Fern. Peristoma with a black dot. 
 
 Generallv distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
300 SYRPHID^E. 
 
 Genus XXIX. BACCHA. 
 
 BACCHA, Fb.s. a. 200. 6(1805); Fin.; Mg. ; Mq.; Ztt. ; Ct. ; Udn. 
 Syrphus p., Fb. s. i. Musca p., Gml. Baccha p., St. F. et Srv. 
 
 Corpus gracile. Antenna articulo quarto dorsali. Al& areola sub- 
 apicali Integra, lobo axillari indistincto. Abdomen petiolatum. Fe- 
 mora postica gracilia. 
 
 Body slender. Head semicircular; epistoma slightly depressed, 
 with a scapula ; peristoma oblong, narrow, straitened in front. La- 
 brum targe, broad, notched at the tip, with a spine in the middle and a 
 smaller one on each side. Lingua stout, lanceolate. Maxillae short, 
 slender, subulate, as long as the palpi, slightly curved. Palpi clavate, 
 membranous, hairy towards the tips, not half the length of the labrum. 
 Labium short, stout, cylindrical. Antennae 5-jointed, small, approx- 
 imate, porrect, nutant ; first and second joints small ; first cyathifonn ; 
 second much shorter and broader, bordered with stout bristles ; third 
 almost round, somewhat quadrate, compressed ; fourth very minute, 
 seated on the base of the third ; fifth setiforin, stout, rather short, slightly 
 pubescent. Thorax oval. Wings large, with obtuse tips, very finely 
 pubescent, incumbent and parallel in repose ; subapical areolet entire ; 
 axillary lobe indistinct. Alula3 small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen 
 pubescent, long, very slender; first segment short, thick in front, 
 narrower behind ; second cylindrical, very slender ; third and fourth 
 somewhat widened. Legs very slender; hind femora not enlarged ; 
 hind tarsi hardly dilated. Male. Eyes contiguous. Abdomen obtuse 
 at the tip. Fern. Eyes parted by a narrow linear front. Abdomen 
 acute at the tip. 
 
 The long slender petiolated abdomen is the most apparent dis- 
 tinctive character of this genus. 
 
 1. elongata, Fb.s.i. ii.430. 42 (1781); Gm. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq.; 
 Ztt. ; Lw. sphegina, Mg. tabida, Mg. ; Mq. ; Ct. vitripennis t Mg. 
 Mnea, antennis nigris articulo tertio ferrugineo, scutello pectoreque 
 chalybeis, alls subcinereis, venis transversis fusco-nebulosis, abdomine 
 cupreo, lateribus fulvo-trimaculatis, pedibus fulvis, tarsis posticis fuscis. 
 Long. 4-H ; alar. 7-8 lin. 
 
 jEneous, head covered with hoary bloom excepting a stripe on the 
 crown and a black shining scapula on the epistoma. Antennae black ; 
 third joint ferruginous. Scutellum chalybeous ; under side of the thorax 
 chalybeous, covered with hoary bloom. Wings slightly grey ; transverse 
 veins clouded with brown ; stigma dark brown. Halteres tawny. Ab- 
 domen cupreous, adorned with three pairs of tawny spots ; first pair 
 small, at the base of the third segment ; second pair large, quadrate, 
 partly united, occupying from one-fourth to one-third of the fourth seg- 
 ment from its base ; third pair small, at the base of the fifth segment. 
 Legs tawny; hind tarsi brown. Var. /3. First and second pair of ab- 
 
SPHEGINA. 301 
 
 domiual spots equal in size. Var. y. Third pair of abdominal spots 
 obsolete. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. obscuripeimis, Mg. zw. iii. 199. 4 (1822); Ztt. nigripennis, 
 Mg. Viridi-senea, capite nigro-cyaneo, antennis nigris apice fuscis, 
 alarum venis transversis fusco-nebulosis, abdomine cupreo fasciis dua- 
 bus fulvis ornato, pedibus fulvis, tarsis posticis fuscis ; Mas. alls fuscis, 
 femoribus ferrugineis; Foem. alls cinereis, abdominis apice fulvo-bima- 
 culato. Long. 4-4^-; alar. 7-8 lin. 
 
 Greenish-aeneous. Head bluish-black, covered with hoary bloom 
 excepting a stripe on the crown and a black shining scapula on the 
 epistoma. Antennae black ; third joint brown. Scutellum aeneous- 
 black; a blue tinge on the thorax behind the base of each wing. 
 Wings with a dark brown stigma ; transverse veins of the disc clouded 
 with dark brown. Halteres yellow, with tawny knobs. Abdomen cu- 
 preous, adorned with two tawny bands, one at the base of the third seg- 
 ment, the other at the base of the fourth. Legs tawny ; hind tarsi brown. 
 Male. Wings brown', alulae tawny; femora ferruginous. Abdominal 
 bands narrow. Fern. Wings grey ; alulae yellow. Abdomen with broad 
 bands and with a tawny spot on each side of the base of the fifth 
 segment. 
 
 Not common. (E. I.) 
 
 3. scutellata, Mg. zw. iii. 198. 2 (1822). Mnea, antennis piceis, 
 alis fuscis, venis transversis nebulosis, abdomine fascia pedibusque 
 flavis. Long. 4 ; alar. 7i lin. 
 
 ^Eneous. Antennae piceous. Wings brown', stigma dark brown; 
 transverse veins clouded with ('ark brown. Halteres luteous. Abdo- 
 men with a yellow b&nd on the base of the fourth segment. Legs yellow. 
 
 Rare. In the British Museum. (E. I.) 
 
 Genus XXX. SPHEGINA. 
 
 SPHEGINA, Mg. zw. iii. 193 (1822) ; St. F. et Srv. ; Mq. ; Ztt.; Zll. ; 
 Kdn. Milesia p., Fin. 
 
 Antenna articulo quarto dorsali. Ales areola subapicali Integra apice 
 rotundata, lobo axillari indistincto. Abdomen petiolatum. Femora 
 postica crassa. 
 
 Head semicircular ; epistoma contracted, with no scapula, obliquely 
 truncated in front ; peristoma oblong, narrower in front. Labrum some- 
 what narrower towards the tip, which is notched. Lingua acute. Max- 
 illae subulate, hardly half the length of the palpi. Palpi curved, cla- 
 vate, pubescent, almost as long as the labrum. Labium long, cylin- 
 drical. Antennae porrect, somewhat nutant, 4-jointed ; first and second 
 
302 SYEPHIDuE. 
 
 joints very short ; third almost round, compressed ; fourth setiform, seated 
 on the base of the third. Thorax oval. Wings large, obtuse, incumbent 
 and parallel in repose ; subapical areolet entire, rounded at the tip be- 
 hind ; axillary lobe indistinct. Alulae small. Halteres uncovered. 
 Abdomen petiolated, obclavate ; first segment very short ; second long, 
 very slender ; third and fourth dilated ; fifth small. Hind femora 
 thick, armed beneath with slender spines ; hind tibiae somewhat curved ; 
 hind tarsi slightly dilated. Male. Eyes approximate. Tip of the abdo- 
 men obtuse. Fern. Eyes more remote. Tip of the abbomen some- 
 what acute. 
 
 1. clunipes, Fin. syrph. 12. 10 ; Mg. ! zw. iii. pi. 28. f. 5 ; Mq.; 
 Ztt. ; Lw. Nigra, epistomate fulvo, alis subcinereis, abdomine subtus 
 flavo, pedibus fulvis, femoribus posticis nigris, tibiis posticis piceo- 
 cinctis, tarsis posticis piceis ; Mas. abdomine fulvo-fasciato. Long. 
 2|-3 ; alar. 5-6 lin. 
 
 Black. Epistoma and sides of the peristoma tawny. Wings slightly 
 grey. Halteres yellow. Abdomen mostly yellow beneath. Legs 
 tawny ; hind femora black, pale tawny at the base ; hind tibiae with 
 piceous ba^ids ; hind tarsi piceous. Male. Abdomen with a broad 
 ferruginous band. Var. /3. Antennae piceous. Var. y, male. Antennae 
 tawny. War. 8, fern. Abdomen with three ferruginous bands. 
 
 Not common; partial to the flowers of the Wild Garlic. 
 (E. S. I.) 
 
 Genus XXXI. ASCIA. 
 
 ASCIA, Mgrle. ; Mg. zw. iii. 185 (1822) ; St. F. et Srv. ; Mq. ; Ztt.; 
 Edn. Syrphw p., Fb. ; Pz. Musca p., Shr. ; Gf. ; Gm. Merodon 
 p., Fb. Milesia p., LI. ; Fin. 
 
 Antennae articulo quarto dorsali. Alee areola subapicali Integra apice 
 truncata, lobo axillari indist'mcto. Abdomen petiolatum. Femora 
 postica crassa. 
 
 Head semicircular ; epistoma prolonged, acute and divided at the 
 tip ; peristoma long, narrow, straitened in front. Eyes parted. Pro- 
 boscis elongate. Labrum somewhat narrower towards the tip, where it 
 is notched. Lingua acute. Maxillae subulate, curved, half the length 
 of the palpi. Palpi as long as the labrum, cylindrical, capitate, beset 
 with some short bristles at the tips. Labium cylindrical. Antennae 
 4-jointed, porrect, nutant, somewhat shorter than the head; first 
 joint short, cylindrical, bristly; second compressed, cyathiform, as 
 long as the first ; third elliptical, compressed ; fourth setiform, seated 
 on the middle of the third. Thorax convex ; scutellum semicircular. 
 Winga obtuse, very finely pubescent, incumbent and parallel in repose ; 
 subapical areolet entire, truncated ; axillary lobe indistinct. Abdomen 
 
ASCIA. 303 
 
 petiolated. Anterior legs slender ; hind femora thicJc, clavate, armed 
 beneath with slender spines ; hind tibiae curved ; hind tarsi slightly di- 
 lated. Male. Front narrow. Abdomen fusiform. Fern. Front broad. 
 Abdomen obclavate, broader than that of the male. 
 
 1. podagrica, Fb. sp. i. ii. 430. 43 (1781); Shr.; Gm. ; Pz. ; 
 LI.; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ichneumonea, Shr. i. a. elongata, Shr. f.b. 
 Nigro-chalybea, antennis nigris articulo tertio subtus rufo, alis sub- 
 cinereis fusco-semifasciatis, venis transversis fusco-nebulosis, abdomine 
 fulvo-bifasciato, pedibus fulvis, tibiis nigro-cinctis, femoribus posticis 
 nigris. Long. 2-2 1 ; alar. 4-5 lin. 
 
 Chalybeous-black. Head with a hoary tinge behind and beneath. 
 Antennas black ; third joint red beneath. Wings slightly grey, with a 
 brown band extending from the middle of the costa to the disc ; apical 
 transverse veins clouded with dark brown. Halteres pale yellow. Ab- 
 domen with tawny bands along the hind borders of the second and of 
 the third segments ; fourth and fifth segments aeneous. Legs tawny ; 
 hind coxa? black ; hind femora black, yellow towards the base ; a black 
 band round each tibia, that of the hind tibia much the broadest ; hind 
 metatarsi brown above. War. /3, fern. A notch on the hind border of 
 the second abdominal band. Var. 8, fern. Abdominal bands interrupted. 
 Var. y,fem. First abdominal band interrupted ; second notched. 
 
 Generally distributed and very abundant. (E. S. I.) 
 
 2. dispar, Mg. zw. iii. 188. 4. pi. 27. f. 28 (1822); Mq.; Ztt. 
 ^Eneus, antennis nigris, alis subcinereis immaculatis, abdomine non acu- 
 minato, tibiis tarsisque fulvis, illorum fasciis metatarsisque anticis et 
 posticis nigris. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 JSneous. Epistoma covered with yellow down. Antennas black. 
 Wings pale grey, not clouded:, stigma brown. Halteres luteous. 
 Tibiae and tarsi tawny ; tibiae with black bands ; tips of the tarsi 
 brown ; fore and hind metatarsi black. 
 
 Eare. In the British Museum. (E. I.) 
 
 3. hastata, Hms. ; Mg. zw. iii. 189. 5 (1822). .ZEnea, antennis 
 nigris, articulo tertio subtus rufo, alis subcinereis immaculatis, abdomine 
 acuminato, pedibus fulvis, femoribus anterioribus tibiisque nigro-cinctis, 
 femoribus posticis nigris. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. 
 
 Body aeneous-black. Head with a hoary tinge behind and beneath. 
 Wings slightly grey, not clouded ; stigma pale brown. Halteres pale 
 yellow. Abdomen slender ; last segment aeneous. Legs tawny ; hind 
 coxae black ; hind femora black, yellow towards the base ; tibiae and 
 anterior femora with black bands ; hind metatarsi brown above. 
 
 Eare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
304 CONOPID,E. 
 
 FAMILY XXVI. CONOPID^. 
 
 p., Lch. (1819); Wtw. ; St. Conopsarice p., LI. ; Fin.; 
 Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Conopsidce p. et Conopites, Nwm. Conopsinte, 
 Bdn. Conopica, Brm. ; Ags. Conopsaria p., Lm. 
 
 Proboscis distincta. Antenna apice stylatce. Vena cubitalis simplex, 
 
 spuria nulla ; lobus axillaris rotundatus. 
 
 Proboscis distinct. Last joints of antenna forming a short style. Wrings 
 perfect; cubital vein simple; brachial veins without spurious vein; 
 axillary lobe rounded. Halteres uncovered. 
 
 Genus I. CONOPS. 
 
 CONOPS, Fb. e. s. iv. 390 (1792) ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Wd. ; Dml. ; Ct. ; 
 Mq. ; Ztt. Conops p., L. ; Fb. sp. i. ; Gf. ; Gm. Adlus p., Gf. 
 Empis p., Spl. Brachiglossum, Conopceus, Conops, Spariglossum, et 
 Conopilla, Edn. 
 
 Corpus mediae magnitudinis, sat gracile, flavo aut rufo saspissime fas- 
 ciatum. Caput vesiculosum. Oculi exserti, remoti. Ocelli nulli. 
 Antennas porrectse, capite non breviores, basi approximate et geni- 
 culataa ; articulus primus brevis, cylindricus ; secundus longus, sub- 
 clavatus ; tertius conicus, secundo brevior ; quartus brevissimus ; 
 quintus et sextus latiores; septimus stylatus. Thorax subquadratus. 
 Alaa lanceolatse. Abdomen obclavatum,basi angustum, apice incurvum. 
 Pedes simplices, inermes ; tibiae posticae basi coarctatee ; metatarsi 
 articulo secundo fere triplo longiores. 
 
 Body of middle size, rather slender, generally adorned with yellow 
 or red bands. Head thick, vesiculose ; the crown especially with a 
 transverse vesicular tubercle ; front broad in both sexes. Eyes promi- 
 nent, oblong. Ocelli none. Proboscis long, porrect, stiff, clavate, 
 horizontal or somewhat raised into a curve, geniculate at the base, 
 making a single fold with its angle to the breast. Labrum slender, 
 arched above, hollow beneath, obliquely notched at the tip, much 
 shorter than the lab him. Lingua slender, filiform, transparent. Palpi 
 uniarticulate, short, very small, fringed at the tips with fine bristles. 
 Labium obliquely porrect, cylindrical, twice the length of the lingua, 
 narrower towards the tip, most slender in the male, bilobed, slightly 
 hairy, and with three shallow transverse furrows at the tip. Antenna 
 about as long as the head, porrect, seated on a tubercle, approximate 
 at the base, diverging thence ; first joint short, cylindrical, pubescent, 
 forming an angle with the second ; second long, subclavate ; third 
 conical, shorter than the second ; fourth very short ; fifth and sixth 
 larger, widened on one side; sixth and seventh like a little spine. 
 
CONOPS. 305 
 
 Thorax almost quadrate, slightly convex above, with a scapula on each 
 side ; scutellum small, semicircular. Wings lanceolate, finely pubes- 
 cent, incumbent and parallel in repose ; prsebrachial vein united with 
 the cubital towards the tip ; prasbrachial and discal areolets long, the 
 latter closed near the posterior margin by a transverse vein ; anal areo- 
 let long, distinct, complete. Abdomen arched, rather long, with six 
 segments more or less slender towards the base, obclavate towards the 
 tip, which is incurved. Legs rather stout ; tibiae very slightly curved, 
 compressed and dilated at the tips, in some cases with a transverse 
 suture j tarsi rather broad ; ungues and onychia distinct. Male. Abdo- 
 men with a projecting conical process on the fourth segment beneath. 
 
 These flies frequent flowers ; their larvse are parasitic on those 
 of humble-bees. The second abdominal segment is very variable 
 in the degree of its contraction, and the British species may be 
 grouped thus : 
 
 a. Abdomen more or less sessile. Species 1-8. 
 a a. Abdomen much petiolated. Species 9. 
 
 Conopaus, Edn., includes C. quadrifasciata and C.Jlavipes ; Conops, 
 Edn., contains C. macrocephala ; and C. ceriaformis belongs to Cono- 
 pilla, Rdn. 
 
 1. vesicularis, L. fn. 1903(1761); Gf.; Fb.; Mg.; Ll.j Fln. ; 
 Ct. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Mas. cylindrica, Mg. kl. Ferruginea, capite flavo 
 argenteo-quadrivittato, thoracis disco piceo, alls subcinereis ad costam 
 ferrugineis, abdomine Jlavo-univittato basi piceo. Long. 6 ; alar. 
 
 121in. 
 
 Ferruginous. Head yellow above and in front, with four silvery stripes ; 
 the outer pair along the eyes ; the inner pair diverging from the base 
 of the antennaB to the peristoma. Disc of the thorax piceous. Wings 
 slightly grey ; a ferruginous stripe occupying half tJw breadth from the 
 costa includes a greyish spot near the tip. Halteres yellow. Abdomen 
 piceous towards the base ; hind border of the second segment yellow. 
 
 Eare. (E.) 
 
 2. flavipes, L. fn. 1904 (1761); Fb. ; Gm. ; Pz. fn. ! Ixx. 21, 
 22 ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Edn. trifasciata, Dg. vesicularis, Hrs. ! 
 melanocephala, Mg. kl. macrocephala, Sch. Sml. ! cp. Nigraflavo- 
 varia, capite argenteo-bivittato, alls cinereis ad costam fuscis, pedibusflavis, 
 femoribus nigro-fasciatis. Long. 5-5^- ; alar. 9-10 lin. 
 
 Slack. Head yellow above and in front ; two silvery stripes diverg- 
 ing from the base of the antenna to the peristoma ; vertex piceous, black 
 towards the anteima3. Thorax with two yellow nearly round humeral 
 scapulae ; scutellum yellow along the hind border. Wings grey, brown 
 along the costa. Halteres yellow. Abdomen bluish-black ; first segment 
 with a small yellow scapula on each side ; hind borders of the second and 
 third segments yellow. Femora yellow at the base and at the tips ; tibia 
 
 VOL. I. * E 
 
306 
 
 yellow ; tarsi tawny towards the base. Fern. Hind border of the 
 fourth abdominal segment yellow. 
 Not rare. (E.) 
 
 3. quadrifasciata, Dg. i. vi. 261. 1. pi. 15. 1 (1752); Fin.; 
 Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; ~Rdn.aculeata, Fb. ; Gm. ; Shf. ic. pi. 228. 
 f. 8 ! Nigra, capite antico Jlavo-aurato, thorace Jlavo-bimaculato, alls 
 subcinereis ad costam subfuscis, abdomine flavo nigro-quadrifasciato; Mas. 
 pedibus flavis, femoribus posterioribus nigro-fasciatis, tarsis fulvis ; 
 Fcem. pedibus fulvis, femoribus ferrugineis. Long. 5 ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Black. Head yellow and gilded in front ; a triangular yellow spot on 
 the vertex. Thorax with two yellow nearly round scapula ; metathorax 
 gilded on each side, fringe slightly grey, tinged with brown along two- 
 thirds of the costa. Halteres yellow. Abdomen yellow, slightly silvery 
 towards the tip, with a black band on the fore border of each segment ; 
 first and second bands broad, and, like the third and fourth, more or 
 less angular on their hind borders ; first segment with a yellow scapula 
 on each side. Male. Abdominal bands narrower than those of the 
 female. Legs yellow ; posterior femora with black bands ; tarsi tawny. 
 Fern. Legs tawny ; femora ferruginous. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E. I.) 
 
 4. aculeata, L. fn. 1906 (1761) ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Zii.scutellata, 
 Mg. kl. macrocepkala? Hrs. ex.! pi. 20. f. 2, 3. Nigra, capite 
 antico Jlavo-aurato, thorace Jlavo-bimaculato, alis cinereis basi subfiilvis, 
 abdomine fasciis apiceque Jlavis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus ferrugineis nigro- 
 vittatis. Long. 5i ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Black. Head yelloio and gilded in front ; a triangular yellow spot on 
 the vertex. Thorax with two yellow nearly round hum,eral scapulae ; me- 
 tathorax silvery on each side. Wings grey, slightly tawny at the base. 
 Halteres yellow. Abdomen bluish-black, with yellow bands occupying 
 the hind borders of the segments and the whole of the tip ; a yellow sca- 
 pula on each side of the first segment. Legs tawny ; femora ferruginous, 
 with short black stripes. 
 
 Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
 5. ceriseformis, (Mgrle.) Mg. zw. ! iv. 132. pi. 36. f. 26 (1824) ; 
 Mq. ; Rdn. Nigra, capite antico Jlavo-aurato, thorace Jlavo-bimaculato, 
 alis subcinereis ad costam fuscis, abdomine Jlavo-quadrifasciato, pedibus 
 flavis, femoribus nigro-fasciatis, tarsis fulvis. Long. 5 ; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Black. Head yellow and brightly gilded in front ; a triangular yellow 
 spot on the vertex. Thorax with two yellow humeral scapula ; metathorax 
 silvery on each side. Wrings slightly grey, tinged with brown at the base 
 and along two-thirds of the costa. Halteres yellow. Abdomen long and 
 narrow ; hind borders of the first, second, third, and fourth segments 
 yellow. COXBB silvery ; femora yellow at the base and at the tips ; 
 tibiae yellow ; tarsi tawny. 
 
 Eare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 
 
CONOPS. 307 
 
 6. strigata, (Wdm.) Mg. zw. iv. 133. l(fcem.}(l%Zk\trifasciata, 
 Mg. vii. 165. 23 (fcem.} auricincta, Lw. btr. iii. 10. 11. Nigra, epi- 
 stomate flavo nigroque, abdominis segmentis tribus margine flams, pedibus 
 ferrugineis, femoribus medio nigris, alls margine antico testaceis. Long. 
 4i; alar. 9 lin. 
 
 Black. Face yellow, with a black streak down the middle, tapering 
 upwards to a point, and a triangular black spot on each cheek, sometimes 
 connected with a streak proceeding from a large black spot which occu- 
 pies the portion of the yellow front immediately above the antennae ; 
 the vertex is ferruginous ; the occiput black, with a narrow yellowish 
 orbit. The proboscis, palpi, and antennae black ; the first joint of these 
 last ferruginous beneath. Thorax black, except the humeral scapulae, 
 which are usually yellowish ; the pleurae partially glossed with dull 
 golden tomentum, forming two oblique bands and a broader patch 
 behind them. Wings brown along the anterior margin, hyaline behind, 
 yellowish at the base, with the alulae and halteres. Abdomen black, 
 the hind margin of the second, third, and fourth segments glossed with 
 golden tomentum, forming three narrow yellow bands ; the two follow- 
 ing segments in the male are nearly covered with a duller yellowish 
 tomentum ; and in both sexes the sides of the abdomen are often 
 spotted with brown. In the female the fifth ventral segment is not 
 nearly so prominent as usual, merely forming a semicircular fold with 
 a depression behind it. The coxae are black, the trochanters and tibia 
 ferruginous, as also the base of the tarsi, and the base and tip of the 
 femora ; the last more largely on the under side, and the proportion of 
 black in the femora varies. 
 
 A single specimen (male) was found by Alfred Eurlong, Esq., 
 near Killarney, in the summer of 1850. (I.) 
 
 Individual description of this specimen in full : 
 
 "Black, First joint of antennae ferruginous beneath. Facial orbit 
 yellow, a deep black dot above at its commencement, distinguished 
 from the duller black ground-colour. A bifid yellow band down the 
 face, the arms of which diverge from the base of the antennae and are 
 continued to the peristoma. Occipital orbit narrower, yellow with a 
 silvery gloss, produced downwards to the peristoma, and there meeting 
 the facial band, and also connected along the eyes with the facial orbit. 
 Obs. The black band (rugose in its upper part) which divides the facial 
 yellow band from the anterior orbit is greatly attenuated and almost 
 interrupted in the middle (if this interruption were complete, there 
 would be a triangular black spot on the cheeks, as described by Loew). 
 Peristoma internally yellow. Thorax black ; the prothoracic tubercles 
 fusco-ferruginous. The pleurae with markings of dull golden tomen- 
 tum. Halteres yellow. Wings dusky along the entire costal margin, 
 hyaline behind, but at the base yellow, as are the alulae. Coxae black, 
 with the apex ferruginous. Tibiae yellow-ferruginous, the hind pair a 
 little dusky at the internal apex. Tarsi black-brown, the base and the 
 onychia ferruginous." Haliday, MSS. 
 
308 CONOPTD.E. 
 
 7. macrocephala, L. fn. 467. 1902 (1761) ; Dg. ; Gf. ; Fb. ; 
 Gm.; Cqb. ic. ! pi. 27. f. 5 ; Fin.; Mg. ; Ct. ! b. e. pi. 877 ; Mq.; 
 Ztt. ; Hdn. Nigra, capite piceo aniice Jlavo fusco-vittato, antennis 
 ferrugineis, alls Jlavescentibus ad costam fuscis, abdomine vix sessili, seg- 
 mentorum marginibus argenteo-Jlavo-fasciatis, pedibus ferrugineis, femoribus 
 lasi coxisque fuscis. Long. 6-i; alar. 12 lin. 
 
 Black, slightly cinereous. Head piceous ; face yellow, with a brown 
 streak from the vertex to the antennas, and a triangular brown spot 
 beneath the antennae. Proboscis piceous. Antenna ferruginous. Thorax 
 with two silvery humeral spots. Wings yellowish, broicn along the 
 costa. Halteres ochreous, black at the base. Abdomen hardly sessile ; 
 margins of the segments silvery -yellow ; second segment slender. Legs 
 ferruginous ; femora towards the base and coxce dark brown. 
 
 Bare. In Mr. Dale's collection. (E.) 
 
 8. nigra, Dg. i. vi. 105. 4 (1752) ; Hbst. g. n. viii. 117. 5. pi. 
 70. f. 5 ; Mg. zw. iv. 126. 8. Nigra, capite antico luteo, antennis apice 
 subtus abdominisque fascia ferrugineis, alis hyalinis ad costam fuscis, 
 pedibus fulvis, femoribus basi nigro-variis, tarsis piceis. Long. 6|-; alar. 
 11 lin. 
 
 Black. Head luteous in front, with a black scapula extending from 
 the base of the antenna? to the peristoma. Antennae ferruginous 
 beneath towards the tips. Humeral scapula piceous. Wings hyaline, 
 with a brown stripe occupying half the breadth, and extending from the 
 base nearly to the tips, where it becomes narrow. Halteres tawny. Se- 
 cond abdominal segment ferruginous towards the tip. Legs tawny ; femora 
 streaked with black towards the base ; tarsi piceous. 
 
 Very rare. In Mr. Desvignes' collection. (E.) 
 
 9. rufipes, Fb. sp. i. ii. 466. 3 (1781) ; LI. ; Gm. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; 
 Mq. ; Ztt. -petiolata, Dnv. ! i. xiii. 39, pi. 451. Nigra, capite antico 
 Jlavo argenteo nigro-vittato, thorace piceo-bimaculato, alis subcinereis ad 
 costam ferrugineis, abdominis fasciis apiceque auratis, segmento secundo 
 pedibusque ferrugineis, tibiis basi fulvis. Long. 5-6 ; alar. 9-10 lin. 
 
 Black. Head yellow and slightly silvery from the vertex to the 
 peristoma, with a black stripe from the vertex to a little beyond the 
 base of the antennae, where it has three branches. Thorax with a 
 piceous scapula on each shoulder. Wings slightly grey ; a ferruginous 
 stripe, occupying half the breadth from the costa, becomes brown and in- 
 cludes a greyish spot towards the tip. Halteres yellow. Abdomen 
 gilded on the hind border of each segment and at the tip ; second segment 
 ferruginous, very slender. Legs ferruginous ; tibiae tawny towards the 
 base. 
 
 Generally distributed. (E.) 
 
 END OF VOL. I. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Acrocera . . . 
 
 albipes . . . 
 globulus . . . 
 
 ACROC BRIDGE . . 
 Actina . . . 
 tibialis . . . 
 Anthrax . . . 
 cingulata 
 fenestrata 
 
 Page. 
 . 45 
 . 45 
 . 45 
 . 44 
 . 12 
 . 13 
 . 76 
 . 78 
 . 78 
 
 A. forcipatus . 
 germanicus . 
 obscurus 
 rufibarbis 
 rusticus . . 
 varipes . . 
 Atherix . . 
 crassicornis 
 Ibis . . . 
 
 Page. 
 . . 52 
 . . 55 
 . . 52 
 . . 51 
 . . 53 
 . . 56 
 . . 69 
 . . 70 
 . . 69 
 
 C. antcnnata , . 
 elegans . . . 
 leptiformis . 
 speciosa . . . 
 Campsicnemus 
 alpinus . . . 
 armatus . 
 curvipes . . . 
 loripes . . . 
 
 Page. 
 
 . 228 
 . 227 
 . 228 
 . 228 
 . 187 
 . 190 
 . 190 
 . 189 
 . 189 
 
 hottentotta . . 
 lacclius . . . 
 Aplrrosylxis . . 
 
 . 78 
 . 77 
 . 220 
 
 marginata . 
 Bacclia 
 
 . . 70 
 . . 300 
 
 pusillus . . . 
 scambus . . . 
 Ceria .... 
 
 . 190 
 
 . 188 
 . 238 
 
 ferox . . > 
 
 . 221 
 
 elongata 
 
 . . 300 
 
 conopsoides . 
 
 238 
 
 raptor 
 Ardoptera . . 
 
 . 221 
 . 103 
 104 
 
 obscuripennis 
 scutellata 
 Beris 
 
 . . 301 
 . . 301 
 10 
 
 Chalarus . , . 
 exiguus . . . 
 holosericeus 
 
 . 233 
 . 233 
 233 
 
 irrorata . . . 
 Argyra . . . 
 argentata . . 
 argentina . . 
 confinis . . . 
 diaphana . . 
 elongata . . . 
 leucocephala 
 vestita . . . 
 Ascia .... 
 
 . 103 
 
 . 207 
 . 209 
 . 209 
 . 208 
 . 208 
 . 209 
 . 208 
 . 209 
 . 302 
 
 chalybeata . 
 clavipes . . 
 fuscipes . 
 geniculata . 
 Morrisii . . 
 vallata . . 
 
 BOMBYLID^B . 
 
 Bombylius . 
 
 ctenopterus . 
 major . . 
 
 . . 11 
 . . 11 
 . . 12 
 . . 12 
 . . 12 
 . . 11 
 . . 72 
 . . 80 
 . . 82 
 . . 81 
 
 spurius . . . 
 Cheilosia . . 
 albitarsis . . 
 chalybeata . 
 chlorus . . . 
 cbrysocoma . . 
 flavipes . . . 
 funeralis . . 
 grossa . . . 
 lucorum . 
 
 . 233 
 
 . 280 
 . 283 
 . 284 
 . 282 
 . 282 
 . 282 
 . 284 
 . 281 
 281 
 
 dispar . . . 
 hastata . . . 
 podagrica . . 
 ASILID^E . . . 
 Asilus .... 
 
 . 303 
 . 303 
 . 303 
 . 46 
 . 49 
 
 medius . . 
 minor 
 BRACHYCERA . 
 Brachyopa . 
 bicolor . . 
 
 . . 82 
 . . 82 
 . . 5 
 
 . . 277 
 . . 277 
 
 maculata . . 
 means . . . 
 mutabilis . . 
 nigrina . . . 
 niffripes 
 
 . 284 
 . 282 
 . 283 
 . 283 
 283 
 
 sestivus . . . 
 albiceps . . . 
 atricapillus . 
 basalis . . . 
 cingulatus . . 
 crabroniformis 
 
 . 54 
 . 56 
 . 53 
 . 51 
 . 54 
 55 
 
 conica . . 
 Brachystoma 
 longicornis . 
 
 Callicera . . 
 tcnea . 
 
 . . 278 
 . . 102 
 . . 103 
 
 . 238 
 239 
 
 oestracea . . 
 scutellata . . 
 variabilis . . 
 vulpina . . . 
 Chersodromia . 
 arenaria 
 
 . 281 
 . 283 
 . 282 
 . 284 
 . 137 
 138 
 
 cristatus . . 
 fimbriatus . 
 
 . 50 
 , 52 
 
 Callomyia 
 
 amcena 
 
 . . 227 
 . 228 
 
 cursitans . .. 
 hirta . 
 
 . 137 
 . 137 
 
310 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 
 Page. 
 
 
 Page. 
 
 
 Page. 
 
 C. incana . . . 
 
 . 138 
 
 C. oxyacanthee 
 
 . 259 
 
 D.nanus . . . 
 
 . 178 
 
 speculifera . . 
 
 . 138 
 
 ranunculi . . 
 
 . 258 
 
 nigripeunis . . 
 
 . 177 
 
 Chrysoclamis . 
 
 . 279 
 
 regula . . . 
 
 . 259 
 
 nigripes . . . 
 
 . 158 
 
 cuprea . . . 
 
 . 280 
 
 Cyrtoma . . . 
 
 . 115 
 
 nigriplantis . . 
 
 . 176 
 
 Chrysogaster . 
 
 . 274 
 
 melsena . . . 
 
 . 116 
 
 nitidus . . . 
 
 . 169 
 
 chalybeata . 
 
 . 275 
 
 
 116 
 
 nobilitatus . 
 
 . 175 
 
 coemeteriorum . 
 
 . 276 
 
 spuria . . . 
 
 . 116 
 
 notatus . . . 
 
 . 174 
 
 discicornis . 
 
 . 276 
 
 
 
 nubilus . 
 
 . 166 
 
 fumipennis . . 
 
 . 275 
 
 Dasypogon . . 
 
 . 56 
 
 parvilamellatus . 
 
 . 179 
 
 metallica . . 
 
 . 276 
 
 brevirostris . 
 
 . 58 
 
 pennatus . . 
 
 . 162 
 
 splendens . . 
 
 . 275 
 
 punctatus . . 
 
 . 57 
 
 phseopus . . ; 
 
 . 161 
 
 splendida . . 
 
 . 277 
 
 Diaphorus 
 
 . 215 
 
 picipes . . . 
 
 . 157 
 
 viduata . . . 
 
 . 276 
 
 obscurellus . . 
 
 . 216 
 
 planitarsis . . 
 
 . 158 
 
 Chrysomyia 
 
 . 27 
 
 oculatu8 . . . 
 
 . 215 
 
 plumipes . . . 
 
 . 162 
 
 cyaneiventris . 
 
 . 29 
 
 Dioctria . . . 
 
 . 58 
 
 popularis . . 
 
 . 163 
 
 flavicornis . . 
 
 . 29 
 
 Baumhaueri 
 
 . 61 
 
 punctum . , . 
 
 . 167 
 
 formosa . . . 
 
 . 28 
 
 cothurnata . . 
 
 . 59 
 
 rupestris . . . 
 
 . 159 
 
 pallipes . 
 
 . 29 
 
 flavipes . . . 
 
 . 60 
 
 sabinus . . . 
 
 . 166 
 
 polita . . . 
 
 . 28 
 
 fuscipennis . . 
 
 . 61 
 
 simplex . 
 
 . 166 
 
 Chrysopila . . 
 
 . 67 
 
 oelandica . . . 
 
 . 59 
 
 trivialis . . . 
 
 . 168 
 
 aurea . . . 
 
 . 68 
 
 Reinhardi 
 
 . 61 
 
 urbanus . 
 
 . 161 
 
 holosericea . . 
 
 . 68 
 
 rufipes . . . 
 
 . 60 
 
 virgultorum . . 
 
 . 168 
 
 Chrysops . . 
 
 . 42 
 
 DIPTERA . . . 
 
 1 
 
 vitripennis . . 
 
 . 161 
 
 csecutiens 
 
 . 43 
 
 DOLICHOPID./E 
 
 144 
 
 Doros 
 
 296 
 
 relictus . , . 
 
 . 44 
 
 Dolich.opus . . 
 
 . 154 
 
 conopseus . . 
 
 . 297 
 
 Chrysotoxum . 
 
 . 263 
 
 acuticoriiis . . 
 
 . 165 
 
 citrofasciatus . 
 
 . 297 
 
 arcuatum . >*> 
 
 . 265 
 
 ameus . . . 
 
 . 159 
 
 ornatus . . . 
 
 . 298 
 
 bicinctum . . 
 
 . 264 
 
 eerosus . . . 
 
 . 178 
 
 Drapetis . . . 
 
 . 135 
 
 festivum . . 
 
 . 264 
 
 ammobates . . 
 
 . 173 
 
 assimilis . . . 
 
 . 136 
 
 intermedium 
 
 . 265 
 
 alutifer . . . 
 
 . 179 
 
 aterrima . 
 
 . 136 
 
 marginatum 
 
 . 266 
 
 arbustorum . 
 
 . 168 
 
 exilis 
 
 136 
 
 octomaculatum 
 
 . 265 
 
 atratus . 
 
 . 157 
 
 graminum . . 
 
 . 136 
 
 Chrysotus . . 
 
 . 216 
 
 atripes . . . 
 
 . 161 
 
 lunata . . . 
 
 . 136 
 
 cilipes 
 
 . 217 
 
 brevipennis . 
 
 . 160 
 
 nisra 
 
 136 
 
 concinnus 
 
 . 218 
 
 celer .... 
 
 177 
 
 
 
 Isesus . . . 
 
 . 217 
 
 claviger . . . 
 
 . 163 
 
 Elaphropeza 
 
 . 134 
 
 molliculus . . 
 
 . 217 
 
 clavipes . 
 
 . 167 
 
 ephippiata . . 
 
 . 134 
 
 nigripes . . . 
 
 . 217 
 
 confusus . . . 
 
 . 164 
 
 EMPID^E . . . 
 
 . 85 
 
 viridulus . . 
 
 . 217 
 
 consobrinus . 
 
 . 173 
 
 Ernpis 
 
 89 
 
 CliteUaria . . 
 
 . 23 
 
 cupreus . . . 
 
 . 177 
 
 albinervis . . 
 
 . . 94 
 
 ephippium . 
 
 . 24 
 
 diadema . . . 
 
 . 170 
 
 bistortse . . . 
 
 . 92 
 
 Conops . . . 
 
 . 304 
 
 discifer . 
 
 . 163 
 
 borealis . . . 
 
 . 90 
 
 aculeata . . 
 
 . 306 
 
 equestris . . . 
 
 . 160 
 
 brunnipennis . 
 
 . 92 
 
 ceriseformis 
 
 . 306 
 
 fastuosus . . 
 
 . 159 
 
 chioptera . . 
 
 . 92 
 
 flavipes . . . 
 
 . 305 
 
 festivus . . . 
 
 . 169 
 
 decora . . . 
 
 . 92 
 
 macrocephala . 
 
 . 308 
 
 fulgidus . . . 
 
 . 158 
 
 femorata . 
 
 . 96 
 
 nigra . . . 
 
 . 308 
 
 germanus 
 
 . 176 
 
 ignota . . . 
 
 . 95 
 
 quadrifasciata . 
 
 . 305 
 
 gracilis . . . 
 
 . 175 
 
 lepidopus 
 
 . 93 
 
 rufipes 
 
 . 308 
 
 griseipennis . . 
 
 . 170 
 
 leucoptera . . 
 
 . 94 
 
 . strigata . . . 
 
 . 307 
 
 insignis . .' . 
 
 . 172 
 
 livida 
 
 . 90 
 
 vesicularis . . 
 
 . 305 
 
 latipeunis . . 
 
 . 171 
 
 lucida . . . 
 
 . 91 
 
 Criorliina . . 
 
 . 258 
 
 linearis . . . 
 
 . 165 
 
 lutea .... 
 
 . 96 
 
 asilica . . . 
 
 . 25 9 
 
 lineatocornis 
 
 . 166 
 
 nigritarsis . . 
 
 . 95 
 
 berberina 
 
 . 258 
 
 longicornis . 
 
 . 164 
 
 opaca .... 
 
 91 
 
 femorata 
 
 . 259 
 
 nielanopus . v 
 
 . 158 
 
 pcnuaria . . . u 
 
 . 93 
 
INDEX. 
 
 311 
 
 
 Page. 
 
 
 Page. 
 
 
 Page. 
 
 E.penuipes . . 
 
 . 92 
 
 Henops . . 
 
 . . 46 
 
 L.flavipes . 
 
 . 117 
 
 pilipes ... 
 
 . 94 
 
 gibbosus 
 
 . . 46 
 
 ruficollis . . . 
 
 . 117 
 
 stercorea 
 
 . 95 
 
 Hilara . 
 
 97 
 
 Lomatia . 
 
 . 79 
 
 tcssellata . . 
 
 . 90 
 
 chorica . . 
 
 . . 99 
 
 Bel/ebul . . . 
 
 . 79 
 
 testacea . . . 
 
 . 96 
 
 cilipes 
 
 . . 98 
 
 lateralis . . . 
 
 . 80 
 
 trigramma . . 
 
 . 95 
 
 clypeata . . 
 
 . . 99 
 
 Lonchoptera 
 
 . 222 
 
 uuicolor . 
 
 . 91 
 
 fuscipes . . 
 
 . . 100 
 
 flavicauda . . 
 
 . 223 
 
 vernalis . . . 
 
 . 93 
 
 interstincta . 
 
 . . 100 
 
 lacustris . . . 
 
 . 223 
 
 vitripennis . 
 
 . 94 
 
 litorea 
 
 . . 101 
 
 lutea . . 
 
 223 
 
 EPROBOSCIDEA . 
 
 . 6 
 
 lurida . . 
 
 . . 100 
 
 punctum . . 
 
 . 223 
 
 Eristalis . . . 
 
 . 242 
 
 manicata 
 
 . . 99 
 
 tristis . . . 
 
 . 223 
 
 seneus . . . 
 
 . 244 
 
 matrona 
 
 . . 98 
 
 LONCHOPTERTD.E 
 
 . 221 
 
 arbustonun . . 
 
 . 245 
 
 maura . . 
 
 . . 98 
 
 
 
 cryptarum 
 
 244 
 
 nana . . 
 
 101 
 
 Mach.8erium . 
 
 206 
 
 floreus 
 
 . 247 
 
 nigrina . . 
 
 . . 99 
 
 maritimse . . 
 
 . 206 
 
 fossarum . . . 
 
 . 246 
 
 obscura . 
 
 . .102 
 
 Medeterus . . 
 
 . 218 
 
 fumipennis . 
 
 . 243 
 
 pilosa . . 
 
 . . 99 
 
 diadema . . . 
 
 . 219 
 
 horticola . . 
 
 . 246 
 
 pruinosa . . 
 
 . . 100 
 
 jaculus . . . 
 
 . 219 
 
 intricariu8 . 
 
 . 244 
 
 quadrivittata 
 
 . . 100 
 
 truncorum . . 
 
 . 219 
 
 nemorum . . 
 
 . 245 
 
 recedens . . 
 
 . . 101 
 
 Melithreptus . 
 
 . 298 
 
 rupium . . . 
 
 . 246 
 
 rufipes . . 
 
 . . 101 
 
 menthastri . . 
 
 . 299 
 
 sepulcralis . . 
 
 . 244 
 
 tenella . . 
 
 . . 101 
 
 scriptus . . . 
 
 . 299 
 
 similis . . . 
 
 . 245 
 
 thoracica 
 
 . . 102 
 
 tseniatus . . . 
 
 . 299 
 
 tcn&x 
 
 243 
 
 Hyfoos 
 
 120 
 
 Merodon 
 
 251 
 
 Eumerus . . 
 
 1 240 
 
 femoratus 
 
 . . 121 
 
 clavipes . . . 
 
 '. 252 
 
 ornatus . . . 
 
 . 241 
 
 fumipennis . 
 
 . . 121 
 
 Microdon . . 
 
 . 239 
 
 ruficornis . . 
 
 . 241 
 
 grossipes 
 
 . . 120 
 
 apiformis . . 
 
 . 240 
 
 Selene . . . 
 
 . 242 
 
 vitripennis . 
 
 . . 121 
 
 mutabilis . . 
 
 . 240 
 
 strigatus . . 
 
 . 241 
 
 Hydrophorus 
 
 . . 180 
 
 Microphorus 
 
 . 113 
 
 Euthyneura 
 
 . Ill 
 
 balticus . . 
 
 . . 185 
 
 clavipes . . . 
 
 . 114 
 
 myricse . . . 
 
 . Ill 
 
 binotatus 
 
 . . 184 
 
 crassipes . . . 
 
 . 114 
 
 myrtilli . . . 
 
 . Ill 
 
 bipunctatus . 
 
 . . 184 
 
 flavipes . . . 
 
 . 114 
 
 
 
 insequalipes . 
 
 . . 186 
 
 fuscipes . 
 
 . 115 
 
 Hsematopota . 
 
 , 41 
 
 lacustris . . 
 
 . . 182 
 
 minutus . . . 
 
 . 115 
 
 pluvialis . . 
 
 . 42 
 
 litoreus . . 
 
 . . 186 
 
 pusillus . 
 
 . 115 
 
 Heleodromia . 
 
 . 104 
 
 nebulosus . 
 
 . . 184 
 
 velutinus . . 
 
 . 114 
 
 fontinalis . . 
 
 . 105 
 
 notatus . . 
 
 . . 183 
 
 Milesia . . . 
 
 . 256 
 
 stagnalis . . . 
 
 . 105 
 
 prsecox . . 
 
 . . 186 
 
 speciosa . . . 
 
 . 257 
 
 unicolor . . . 
 
 . 106 
 
 virens . . 
 
 . . 182 
 
 
 
 Zetterstedti . . 
 
 . 105 
 
 HYPOCERA 
 
 . . 6 
 
 NEMOCERA . . 
 
 . 5 
 
 HelopMLus . . 
 
 . 247 
 
 
 
 Nemotelus . . 
 
 . 24 
 
 hybridus . . . 
 
 . 249 
 
 Laphria . . 
 
 . . 47 
 
 brevirostris . . 
 
 . 26 
 
 lineatus . . . 
 
 . 250 
 
 marginata . 
 
 . . 48 
 
 nigrinus . . . 
 
 . 26 
 
 lunulatus . . 
 
 . 250 
 
 LEPTID.E . . 
 
 . . 63 
 
 pantherinus . . 
 
 . 25 
 
 pendulus . . 
 
 . 249 
 
 Leptis . . . 
 
 64 
 
 uliginosus 
 
 . 25 
 
 transfugus . . 
 
 . 251 
 
 inutilis . . 
 
 . . 67 
 
 
 
 trivittatus . . 
 
 . 249 
 
 lineola . . 
 
 . . 66 
 
 Ocydromia . . 
 
 . 118 
 
 versicolor . . 
 
 . 250 
 
 notata . . 
 
 . . 66 
 
 glabricula . . 
 
 . 118 
 
 Hemerodromia 
 
 . 142 
 
 scolopacea . 
 
 . . 65 
 
 rufipes . . . 
 
 . 119 
 
 albicornis . . 
 
 . 144 
 
 strigosa . 
 
 . . 66 
 
 scutellata . V 
 
 . 119 
 
 flavella . . . 
 
 . 144 
 
 tringaria 
 
 . . 65 
 
 CEdalea . -. * 
 
 . Ill 
 
 monostigma 
 
 . 143 
 
 vanellus . . 
 
 . . 65 
 
 minuta . . . 
 
 . 113 
 
 oratoria . 
 
 . 144 
 
 Leptogaster . 
 
 . . 62 
 
 stigmatella . . 
 
 . 112 
 
 precatoria . . 
 
 . 143 
 
 cylindricus . 
 
 . . 63 
 
 Opetia . . , j ; 
 
 . 229 
 
 unilineata 
 
 . 144 
 
 Lentcroeza 
 
 . 117 
 
 niera . 
 
 230 
 
312 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Orthochile . . 
 nigrocserulea 
 Orthoneura . . 
 elegans . . . 
 nobilis . . . 
 Oxycera . . . 
 analis . . . 
 dives . 
 
 Page. 
 . 179 
 . 180 
 . 273 
 . 273 
 . 274 
 . 19 
 . 23 
 21 
 
 Platycnema . . 
 
 pulicaria . ?, 
 Platypalpus 
 
 agilis . . 
 
 Page 
 . 229 
 . 229 
 . 121 
 . 123 
 
 PLATYPEZHLE 
 Porphyrops . . 
 aulicus . . 
 bicolorellus . . 
 cirripes . 
 Erichsonii . . 
 flaviventris . .. 
 ornatus . . . 
 pallidus . . . 
 pulicarius . . 
 quadrifasciatus ; 
 spinigerellus 
 suturalis . 
 tenellus . . . 
 PROBOSCIDEA . . 
 Psarus . . . 
 abdorninalis . 
 Psilopus . . . 
 contristans . . 
 lougulus . . . 
 lugens . . . 
 obscurus . . . 
 platypterus . . 
 Wicdemannii . 
 Psilota . . .v 
 anthracina . . 
 Ptiolina . . . 
 immaculata . . 
 melsena . . . 
 
 Rasas . 
 
 Page. 
 . 223 
 . 210 
 . 212 
 . 212 
 . 214 
 . 211 
 . 213 
 . 213 
 . 211 
 . 214 
 . 211 
 . 214 
 . 211 
 . 213 
 . 4 
 . 266 
 . 267 
 . 150 
 . 152 
 . 152 
 . 152 
 . 152 
 . 150 
 . 151 
 . 269 
 . 269 
 . 71 
 . 71 
 . 71 
 
 . 102 
 
 albicornia . . 
 annulatus . . 
 articulatus . . 
 bicolor . . . 
 calceatus 
 candicans . . 
 castanipes 
 ciliaris . . . 
 commiles . . 
 comptus . . . 
 compungens 
 cursitans . . 
 dichroa . 
 dissimilis . . 
 divisus 
 dubius . . . 
 e^alceatus . . 
 exiguus . . . 
 fasciatus . . . 
 fascipes . . , 
 flavipeimis . . 
 flavipes . . . 
 formalis . . . 
 fulvipes . . . 
 glaber . . . 
 infuscatus . . 
 laticinctus . . 
 longicornis . . 
 luteus . . . 
 maculipes . . 
 minutus . . . 
 mundus . . . 
 nigritarsis . . 
 pallidiveutris 
 pallipes . . . 
 pectoralis . . 
 pulchellus . . 
 robustus . . . 
 stramineipes 
 varius . . . 
 Platypeza . . 
 aterriina . . 
 atra .... 
 
 . 124 
 . 131 
 . 125 
 . 123 
 . 124 
 . 125 
 . 131 
 . 128 
 . 128 
 . 132 
 . 128 
 . 124 
 . 127 
 . 133 
 . 127 
 . 132 
 . 124 
 . 132 
 . 126 
 . 126 
 . 130 
 . 122 
 . 130 
 . 125 
 . 129 
 . 126 
 . 127 
 . 133 
 . 129 
 . 122 
 . 131 
 . 129 
 . 133 
 . 123 
 . 132 
 . 129 
 . 130 
 . 128 
 . 130 
 . 126 
 . 224 
 . 225 
 . 225 
 
 Fallen! . . . 
 formosa . . -. 
 longicornis . . 
 Morrisii . 
 muscaria . . 
 pardalina . . 
 rara . 
 
 . 20 
 . 22 
 . 23 
 . 22 
 . 22 
 . 21 
 20 
 
 terminata 
 triliueata . . 
 
 Pachygaster 
 ater .... 
 
 . 23 
 . 21 
 
 26 
 . 27 
 
 Leachii . . . 
 Paragus . . . 
 arcuatus . . . 
 bicolor 
 femoratus . . 
 obscurus . . . 
 Phthiria . . . 
 gibbosa . . . 
 Phyllodromia . 
 melanocephala . 
 Pipiza . . . 
 
 . 27 
 . 267 
 . 268 
 . 268 
 . 268 
 . 268 
 . 83 
 . 83 
 . 142 
 . 142 
 269 
 
 bimaculata . . 
 flavitarsis . . 
 gutlata . . . 
 interrupta . . 
 lugubris . . . 
 melancholica . 
 uoctiluca . . 
 notata . . . 
 quadriguttata . 
 quadrimaculata 
 virens . . . 
 vitrea . . . 
 vitripennis . . 
 PIPUNCULID^E 
 Pipunculus . . 
 auctus . . . 
 campestris . . 
 flavipes 
 geniculatus . . 
 maculatus . . 
 modestus . . 
 pratorum . . 
 ruralis . . . 
 sylvaticus 
 
 . 271 
 . 272 
 . 271 
 . 273 
 . 272 
 . 272 
 . 270 
 . 271 
 . 270 
 . 270 
 . 272 
 . 271 
 . 272 
 . 230 
 . 231 
 . 233 
 . 232 
 . 232 
 . 232 
 . 232 
 . 232 
 . 232 
 . 233 
 . 232 
 
 unica 
 
 102 
 
 Kh.axnph.oinyia . 
 sethiops . . . 
 csesia .... 
 
 . 108 
 . 110 
 . 109 
 
 cinerascens . . 
 flava .... 
 
 . 109 
 . 110 
 
 longipes . . . 
 uigripes . . . 
 pennata . *:*. . 
 spinipes . 
 sulcata . . . 
 variabilis 
 Rh.aphi'u.in 
 antennatum . . 
 brevicorne .* . 
 caliginosum . 
 cinereum . . 
 commune . . 
 crassipes . .";.' 
 cupreum . . . 
 deuticulatum 
 elegantulum . . 
 fasciatum 
 fascipes . 
 
 . 110 
 . 108 
 . 110 
 . 109 
 . 109 
 . 109 
 . 193 
 . 200 
 . 199 
 . 197 
 . 195 
 . 202 
 . 202 
 . 198 
 . 204 
 . 201 
 . 197 
 . 203 
 
 boletina . . . 
 dorsalis . . . 
 fasciata . . . 
 fumipennis . . 
 furcata . . . 
 holosericea . . 
 infumata 
 nicta . 
 
 . 225 
 . 226 
 . 225 
 . 227 
 . 225 
 . 227 
 . 226 
 . 226 
 
INDEX. 
 
 313 
 
 
 Page. 
 
 
 Page. 
 
 
 Page. 
 
 R.fissmn . . 
 
 . . 198 
 
 S. maculata . 
 
 . 34 
 
 T. autumnalis . . 
 
 . 37 
 
 flavicolle . 
 
 195 
 
 varia . 
 
 34 
 
 bovinus . 
 
 . 37 
 
 fulvipes . . 
 
 '. . 201 
 
 SUCTORIDEA . . 
 
 4 
 
 bromius . . 
 
 . 38 
 
 gravipes . . 
 
 . . 200 
 
 Sybistroma . . 
 
 . 153 
 
 cordiger . 
 
 . 40 
 
 longicorne . 
 
 . . 196 
 
 discipes . 
 
 . 153 
 
 glaucopis . . 
 
 . 38 
 
 macrocerum 
 
 . . 198 
 
 fulvicaudis . . 
 
 . 154 
 
 glaucus . . . 
 
 . 38 
 
 monile . . 
 
 . . 205 
 
 obscurella . . 
 
 . 154 
 
 luridus . . . 
 
 . 39 
 
 nemorum 
 
 . . 199 
 
 Syritta . , . 
 
 . 253 
 
 rusticus . . . 
 
 . 40 
 
 pallipes . . 
 
 . . 204 
 
 pipiens . 
 
 . 253 
 
 signatus . . 
 
 . 39 
 
 pumilum . 
 
 . . 205 
 
 SYRPHIDJJ: . . . 
 
 . 234 
 
 tropicus . . . 
 
 . 39 
 
 tarsatum . . 
 
 . . 205 
 
 Syrplms . . . 
 
 . 284 
 
 Tachydromia . 
 
 . 138 
 
 Zelleri . . 
 
 . . 204 
 
 albostriatus . . 
 
 . 291 
 
 arrogans . . 
 
 . 139 
 
 Hbingia . . 
 
 . . 278 
 
 alneti .... 
 
 . 286 
 
 cimicoides . 
 
 . 140 
 
 rostrata . 
 
 . . 279 
 
 arcuatus . 
 
 . 289 
 
 connexa . . . 
 
 . 140 
 
 
 
 auricollis . . 
 
 . 293 
 
 fuscipcnnis . . 
 
 . 141 
 
 Sargus . 
 
 30 
 
 bul teat us 
 
 . 289 
 
 morio 
 
 . 141 
 
 bipunctatus . 
 
 . . 32 
 
 bifasciatus . . 
 
 . 288 
 
 nervosa . . . 
 
 . 141 
 
 cuprarius 
 
 . . 30 
 
 cinctus . 
 
 . 292 
 
 Thereva . . . 
 
 . 73 
 
 flavipes . . 
 
 . . 31 
 
 clypeatus . . 
 
 . 294 
 
 annulata . . 
 
 . 76 
 
 iridatus . . 
 
 . . 31 
 
 concolor 
 
 . 296 
 
 bipunctata . 
 
 . 74 
 
 nubeculosus . 
 
 . . 31 
 
 corollse . . . 
 
 . 289 
 
 cincta . . . 
 
 . 75 
 
 SCENOPINIDJB . 
 
 . . 84 
 
 cyaneus . 
 
 . 294 
 
 fulva .... 
 
 75 
 
 Scenopinus . 
 
 . . 84 
 
 decorus . . . 
 
 . 292 
 
 funebris . * ' .= 
 
 . 75 
 
 fasciatus . . 
 
 . . 85 
 
 ferrugineus . . 
 
 . 294 
 
 plebeia . ... 
 
 . 76 
 
 fenestralis . 
 
 . . 85 
 
 glaucius . ., ' .... 
 
 . 290 
 
 Thinophilus 
 
 . 191 
 
 Sciodromia . 
 
 . . 107 
 
 granditarsus 
 
 . 295 
 
 flavipalpis . . 
 
 . 191 
 
 immaculata . 
 
 . . 107 
 
 grossularise 
 
 . 287 
 
 ruficornis . . 
 
 . 192 
 
 Sericomyia . 
 
 . . 262 
 
 hyaliuatus . . 
 
 . 290 
 
 versutus . . 
 
 . 192 
 
 borealis . 
 
 . . 262 
 
 laternarius, . . 
 
 . 291 
 
 Tropidia . 
 
 . 252 
 
 lappona . . 
 
 . . 263 
 
 luniger . . . 
 
 . 288 
 
 milesiformis 
 
 . 253 
 
 superbiens . 
 
 . . 263 
 
 lunulatus . . 
 
 . 291 
 
 
 
 Spania . . 
 
 . . 72 
 
 manicatus . . 
 
 . 293 
 
 Volucella . . 
 
 . 260 
 
 nigra 
 
 72 
 
 mellinus 
 
 . 295 
 
 bombylans 
 
 . 261 
 
 Sphegina . . 
 
 . . 301 
 
 peltatus . . . 
 
 . 293 
 
 inanis . . . 
 
 . 261 
 
 clunipes . . 
 
 . . 302 
 
 pyrastri . . . 
 
 . 287 
 
 inflata . . . 
 
 . 261 
 
 STRATIOMID^ . 
 
 . . 9 
 
 ribesii 
 
 . 287 
 
 pellucens . . 
 
 . 261 
 
 Stratiomys . 
 
 . . 13 
 
 rosarum . . . 
 
 . 295 
 
 
 
 argentata 
 
 . . 17 
 
 scalaris . 
 
 . 296 
 
 Wiedemannia . 
 
 . 106 
 
 cliamseleon . 
 
 . . 15 
 
 scutatus . . . 
 
 . 294 
 
 bistigma . . 
 
 . 107 
 
 connexa . . 
 
 . . 17 
 
 topiarius . . 
 
 . 290 
 
 lotse . . . . 
 
 . 107 
 
 furcata . . 
 
 . . 16 
 
 tricinctus . . 
 
 . 290 
 
 
 
 hydrodromia 
 
 . . 18 
 
 umbellatarum . 
 
 . 292 
 
 XYLOPHAGID^; . 
 
 . 32 
 
 hydroleon . 
 
 . . 19 
 
 veuustus 
 
 . 291 
 
 Xylophagus 
 
 . 33 
 
 hydropota 
 
 18 
 
 vitripennis 
 
 288 
 
 ater . 
 
 33 
 
 longicornis . 
 
 . . 15 
 
 
 
 Xylota . . . 
 
 . 254 
 
 microleon . 
 
 . . 17 
 
 TABANID/E . . 
 
 . 35 
 
 bifasciata . . 
 
 . 256 
 
 ornata 
 
 . . 17 
 
 Tabanus . . . 
 
 . 36 
 
 lenta . . . 
 
 . 255 
 
 riparia . . 
 
 . . 16 
 
 alpiuus . . 
 
 . 41 
 
 luteola . . . 
 
 . 256 
 
 subvittata 
 
 . . 19 
 
 anthracinus 
 
 . 37 
 
 nemorum . . 
 
 . 256 
 
 tigrina . . 
 
 . . 18 
 
 atricornis . . 
 
 . 38 
 
 segnis . . . 
 
 . 255 
 
 viridula . 
 
 . . 19 
 
 austriacus 
 
 . 40 
 
 sylvarum ._ . 
 
 . 255 
 
 Subula . . 
 
 , 34 
 
 
 
 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 2 s 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 Page 9. The families STRATIOMIDJ: to EMPID^ (pp. 9-144), which are numbered 
 
 I. to IX., should be numbered XII. to XX., to accord with the Synopsis 
 
 on p. 8. 
 9, line 3 from bottom, for or aquatic plants ; from the spring to the autumn 
 
 their movements are slow, read or aquatic plants, from the spring to the 
 
 autumn; their movements are slow. 
 20, line 30, dele Stg. at the end. 
 23, line 28, for Hal. MSS., read Dale, MSS. 
 32, line 10, for bipunctata, read bipunctatus. 
 66, line 2 from bottom, dele Rgb. 
 82, line 11 from bottom,/0r Mikau, read Mikan. 
 
 107, line 14 from bottom, for vena externo -mediae, read venae externo-mediae. 
 120, line 3, for Mbr., read Mir. 
 121, line 8 from bottom, ybr Mq. s. n., read Mq. d. n. 
 121, line 7 from bottom, add Sicus p., LI. 
 122, line 3 from bottom, for Mg. d., read Mg. zw. 
 126, line I, for Mg. d., read Mg. zw. 
 137, line 9, after Empis p., Ztt., add Tachypeza p., Wlk. 
 141, head- line, for PHYLLODROMIA, read TACHYDROMIA. 
 144, Fam. XXI. DOLICHOPID^E. The hypostoma in the descriptions of this 
 
 family is the epistoma elsewhere in the volume. 
 157, line 10, for Species 52, read Species 48-50. 
 157, line 12, for Species 48, 49, read Species 52. 
 190, line 18, for Mg. iv., read Mg. zw. iv. 
 231, line 20,/or St. F. et Sw., read St. F. et Srv. 
 234, line 9, for Chetolona, read Chetoloxa. 
 237, Genus 25, for CHILOSIA, read CHEILOSIA. 
 239, line 9, for amea, read aurea. 
 
 239, line 18 from bottom,/0r epistoma very flat, convex? read epistoma flat. 
 245, line 5 from bottom, for Dg. fig. Sch. i. e., read Dg. ; fig. Sch. ic. 
 261, line 8 from bottom, dele Pz. 
 264, line 9 from bottom, for Hhs., read Hrs. 
 284, line 10, /or vulpinus, read vulpina. 
 
 Printed by Reeve and Nichols, Heathcock Court, 414, Strand. 
 
PLATE I. 
 
 FAMILY XII. STRATIOMID^E. 
 
 GENUS!. Beris. Fig. 1. Beris chalybeata* 1 a, antenna; 1 b, ex- 
 tremity of tarsus ; 1 c, 8-spined scutellum. 
 
 GENUS 2. Actina. Fig. 2 a, antenna of Actina tibialis (terminal 
 joint showing indications of being formed of three joints coalesced) ; 
 2 by 4-spined scutellum. 
 
 GENUS 3. Strati omys. Fig. 3. Stratiomys chameeleon, fern. 3 a, 
 head of male ; 3 b, proboscis with its palpi ; 3 c, labrum and lingua 
 (bifid at tip) ; 3 d, antenna (IQ-jointed) . 
 
 GENUS 4. Oxycera. Fig. 4 a, head of Oxycera rara, sideways ; 4 b, 
 antenna. 
 
 GENUS 5. Clitellaria. Fig. 5 a, antenna (IQ-joinled) of Clitellaria 
 
 GENUS 6. Nemotelus. Fig. 6 a, head of Nemotelus uliginosus, side- 
 ways ; 6 b, antenna. 
 
 GENUS 7. Pachygaster. Fig. 7 a, antenna of Pachygaster ater. 
 
 GENUS 8. Chrysomyia. Fig. 8 a, head of Chrysomyia polita, male, 
 from above ; 8 b y antenna. 
 
 GENUS 9. Sargris. Fig. 9. Sargus cuprarim, male. 9 a, head of 
 female from above ; 9 6, ditto, sideways ; 9 c, proboscis (palpus 
 detached, after Meigen) ; 9 d, antenna (8 -jointed). 
 
 FAMILY XIII. XYLOPHAGID^. 
 
 GENUS 1. Xylophagus. Fig. 10. XylopJmgus ater (fern.). 10 a, 
 
 head, sideways, with antenna. 
 GENUS 2. Subula. Fig. 11 a, head of Subula maculata, sideways, 
 
 with clavate palpi; 11 b, antenna (L$-jointed: 2nd joint very 
 
 short, llth joint very minute, 12th joint very slender). Fig. 12 , 
 
 cylindrical antenna of Subula varia. 
 
 FAMILY XIV. TABANID^. 
 
 GENUS!. Tabanus. Fig. 13. Tabanusbovinus. 13 a, head of male, 
 sideways; 13 b, proboscis of male; 13 c, head of female, side- 
 ways ; 13 d, proboscis of female ; 13 e, antenna. 
 
 GENUS 2. Hsematopota. Fig. 14 a, head and antenna of Hcemato- 
 
 GENUS 3. Chrysops. Fig. 15 a, head and antenna of Chrysops 
 cacutiens; 15 6, antenna, more enlarged (showing it to be com- 
 posed of twelve joints, those of the flagellum being confluent). 
 
 FAMILY XV. ACBOCERHXE. 
 
 GENUS 1. Acrocera. Fig. 16. Acrocera globulus. 16 , head, side- 
 ways ; 16 b, antenna ; 16 c, extremity of tarsus. 
 
 GENUS 2. Henops. Fig. 17 a, head of Henops globosus, sideways; 
 175, antenna. 
 
 J. 0. W. 
 
 * The natural length of the different species figured, is represented by the longi- 
 tudinal lines drawn at the side or beneath them. 
 
DIPTERA.P1.I 
 
 3. 
 
 7. at,. 
 
 1S.au. 
 
PLATE II. 
 
 FAMILY XVI. ASILIIXS!. 
 
 GENUS 1. Laphria. Fig. 1 a, head of Laphria marginata, side- 
 ways ; I d, antenna. 
 
 GENUS 2. Asilus. Fig. 2. Asilus crabroniformis. 2 a, head, seen 
 sideways ; 2 b, extremity of antenna ; 2 c, proboscis ; 2 d, extre- 
 mity of tarsus. 
 
 GENUS 3. Dasypogon. Fig. 3 a, head of Dasypogon brevirostris, 
 sideways ; 3 b, antenna. 
 
 GENUS 4. Dioctria. Fig. 4, head and antenna of Dioctria celandica, 
 sideways. 
 
 GENUS 5. Leptogaster. Fig. 5 a, head of Leptogaster cylindricus, 
 sideways ; 5 b, antenna ; 5 c, hind tarsus. 
 
 FAMILY XVII. LEPTID^. 
 
 GENUS 1. Leptis. Fig. 6. Leptis scolopacea, fern. 6 a, head, side- 
 ways ; 6 b, antenna ; 6 c, extremity of tarsus. 
 
 GENUS 2. Chrysopila. Fig. 7 a, head of Chrysopila holosericea ; 
 7 b, wing. 
 
 GENUS 3. Atherix. Fig. 8 a, head of Atherix Ibis; 8 b, antenna. 
 
 GENUS 4. Ptiolina. Fig. 9 a, antenna of Ptiolina melcena. 
 
 GENUS 5. Spania. Fig. 10 a, antenna of Spania nigra, male; 10 b, 
 ditto of female. 
 
 FAMILY XVIII. BOMBYLID^. 
 
 GENUS I. There va. Fig. 11. Thereva cincta. 11 a, antenna; 11 b t 
 
 extremity of tarsus. 
 GENUS 2. Anthrax. Fig. 12. Anthrax Jiottentotta. 12 a, front of 
 
 head; 12 b, antenna. 
 GENUS 3. Lomatia. Fig. 13 a, head of Lomatia later alls, from above; 
 
 135, antenna. 
 GENUS 4. Bombylius. Fig. 14. Bombylius major. 14 a, antenna ; 
 
 14 b, extremity of tarsus. 
 GENUS 5. Phthiria. Fig. 15 a, antenna of PMUria gibbosa. 
 
 FAMILY XIX. SCENOPINID^E. 
 
 GENUS 1. Scenopinus. Fig. 16. Scenopinus fenestralis. 16 a, 
 head, seen from beneath ; 16 b } proboscis ; 16 c, antenna ; 16 d, 
 extremity of tarsus. 
 
 J. 0. W. 
 
DIPTERAP1.H. 
 
 f.o 
 
PLATE III. 
 
 FAMILY XX. EMPLOYE. 
 
 GENUS 1. Empis. Fig. 1. Empis limda. 1 a, head with antennae 
 and parts of proboscis extended ; 1 b, antenna ; 1 c, extremity of 
 tarsus ; 1 d, antenna of Empis borealis. 
 
 GENUS 2. Hilara. Fig. 2 a, head of Hilara cilipes, sideways ; 
 2 5, tarsus of fore leg of male. 
 
 GENUS 3. Ragas. Fig. 8. Ragas unica. 3 , head, sideways; 3 b, 
 antenna ; 3 c*, proboscis of female, from side ; 3 d*, ditto, en- 
 larged; 3 e* t ditto, from above; 3/, labrum ; 3 g*, one of the 
 palpi ; 3 h* t outline of head of male, from below, with small pro- 
 boscis ; 3 '*, proboscis of ditto, with palpi in situ and detached. 
 
 GENUS 4. Brachystoma. Fig. 4 a, head of Brachystoma longicornis, 
 sideways; 4 b, antenna. 
 
 GENUS 5. Ardoptera. Fig. 6. Ardoptera irrorata. 5 a, head, side- 
 ways ; 5 b, antenna. 
 
 GENUS 6. Heleodromia. Fig. 6. Heleodromia stagnalis. 6 a, 
 antenna; 6 6*, proboscis with one palpus, the latter seen ob- 
 liquely and somewhat narrowed ; 6 c*, labrum ; 6 d* t labrum 
 with one palpus ; 6 e* t tongue, with portion of epistoma ad- 
 hering (comp. Wiedemannia, fig. 7 d) ; 6/*, base of wing of a 
 specimen with a supernumerary transverse vein marked with a 
 small * (a circumstance not very rare), to illustrate the wing of 
 Clinocera, Meig. 
 
 GENUS 7. Wiedemannia. Fig. 7. Wiedemannia lota (a specimen 
 with a minute triangular cell in the disc of each wing). 7 a*, 
 head ; 7 b*, ditto, sideways ; 7 c*, proboscis, with the tongue 
 and one palpus removed ; 7 d*, the lingua, with the base ab- 
 ruptly enlarged, forming a large blunt tooth on each side (comp. 
 Dolichopus) ; 7 *, labrum, with membranous edge, notched at 
 the tip ; 7 /, antenna ; 7 g, extremity of tarsus seen obliquely. 
 
 J. 0. W. 
 
 * The figures of the generic details in this and subsequent plates, indicated by 
 a *, are engraved from drawings communicated by A. H. Haliday, Esq. 
 
DIPTERA.P1. III. 
 
PLATE IV. 
 
 FAMILY XX. EMPID^l (continued}. 
 
 GENUS 8. Sciodromia. Fig. 1*. Sciodromia immaculata, male. 
 1 #*, labium and palpus ; 1 6*, maxilla and palpus detached ; 
 1 c* t labrum ; 1 d*, lingua ; 1 e* 3 ditto, from beneath ; 1 /*, 
 abdomen of female, sideways ; 1 g* t extremity of ditto ; 1 k* t 
 1 *, 1 &*, different views of vagina detached. 
 
 GENUS 9. Rhamphomyia. Fig. 2 a, head, antenna, and proboscis, 
 with its parts extended, of Rhamphomyia sulcata ; 2 b, wing ; 2 c, 
 hind leg of R. pennata, male ; 2 d, ditto of ditto, female. 
 
 GENUS 10. Euthyneura. Fig. 3. Euthyneura myrtilli. 3 a, head, 
 sideways ; 3 d, antenna. 
 
 GENUS 11. QSdalea. Fig. 4. (Edaleafiampes. 4 a, proboscis ; 4 b, 
 antenna ; 4 c, extremity of tarsus. 
 
 GENUS 12. Microphorus. Fig. 5 a, head of Microphorus clavipes, 
 sideways ; 5 6, hind leg of male. 
 
 GENUS 13. Cyrtoma. Fig. 6. Oyrtoma spuria, male. 6 a, antenna. 
 GENUS 14. Leptopeza. Fig. 7 a, antenna of Leptopeza ruficollis. 
 
 GENUS 15. Ocydromia. Fig. 8. Ocydromia glabricula, fern. 8 a*, 
 head, sideways; 8 b*, proboscis and palpi, from above; 8 c*' 
 ditto, with one palpus, laterally ; 8 d*, 8 e*, labrura, in two po- 
 sitions ; 8 /*, tip of the labella ; 8 g* t antenna ; 8 h*, base of 
 wing ; 8^ i*, extremity of tarsus ; 8 k*, subulate empodium ; 
 8 I*, vagina from above ; 8 m*, oblique view of the tentacula. 
 
 J. O. W. 
 
DIPTEBAP1.ET. 
 
 it, Nicholi , imp . 
 
PLATE Y. 
 
 FAMILY XX. EMPID^E (continued). 
 
 GENUS 16. Hybos. Fig. 1 a*, head of Hybos grossipes, sideways 
 (proboscis deflexed, but porrected in repose) ; 1 6*, lips at the 
 extremity of the labium ; 1 c*, proboscis with epistoma and two 
 palpi ; 1 d*, proboscis, from above, with palpi reflexed and showing 
 the place of the rudimental maxillas remote from the palpi ; 1 e*, 
 ditto, ditto, sideways, with one palpus ; 1 /*, ditto, ditto, ditto 
 (without the palpi), showing rudimental maxilla3, with the labrum 
 and lingua separated ; 1 g*> tip of lingua, sideways ; 1 h* t lingua 
 from above ; 1 i* t claw-joint of the tarsus ; 1 k*, antenna ; 1 I, 
 wing. 
 
 GENUS 17. Platypalpus. Fig. 2. Platypalpus fasciatus, female. 
 2 #*, head of P.fiavipes, sideways ; 2 6* t proboscis, with one of 
 the palpi ; 2 c*, ditto, with labrum forced out ; 2 d*, labium ; 
 2 e* t labrum, sideways ; 2 /*, ditto, from below ; 2 g* 9 tip of 
 ditto, forced open ; 2 /**, antenna ; 2 i* t last joint of tarsus, from 
 above ; 2 k*, ditto, sideways. 
 
 GENUS 18. Drapetis. Fig. 3. Drapetis lunata, fern. 3 a, head, 
 sideways ; 3 , antenna ; 3 c, extremity of abdomen of male, 
 sideways ; 3 d, 3 e, 3/, parts of the male organs of generation, 
 detached ; 3 g t head of Drapetis atra, sideways, after Curtis ; 3 k, 
 wing of ditto. 
 
 GENUS 19. Elaphropeza. Fig. 4. Elaphropeza ephippiata, fern. 
 4 a, head in front, antennae detached ; 4 5, ditto, sideways, with 
 the antenna3. 
 
 GENUS 20. Chersodromia. Fig. 5. Ckersodromia hirta, fern. 5 a, 
 head, sideways ; 5 b, antenna; 5 c, last joint of tarsus. 
 
 GENUS 21. Tachydromia. Fig. 6 a y head of Tachydromia arro- 
 gans, sideways ; 6 5, antenna ; 6 c, wing. 
 
 GE-NUS 22. Phyllodromia. Fig. 7. Phyllodromia melanocephala. 
 
 7 a, head, sideways. 
 
 GENUS 23. Hemerodromia. Fig. 8 a, head of Hemerodromia pre- 
 catoria, sideways ; 8 b* t proboscis, sideways, the labium shorter 
 than the labrum ; 8 c*, ditto, with the labrum, lingua, and one 
 of the maxillas and palpi forced open, the labium somewhat 
 lengthened by pressure ; 8 d*, one of the maxillas, and its palpus ; 
 
 8 e* 9 lingua, from above ; 8 / wing of H. precatoria ; 8 g, wing 
 of H. oratorio,. 
 
 J. 0. W. 
 
DIPTERA Pl.V. 
 
 Z.It, 
 
PLATE VI. 
 
 FAMILY XXI. DOLICHOPID^E. 
 
 GENUS 1. Psilopus. Fig. 1. Psilopus Wiedemanni, male. 1 a, face 
 of male ; 1 b, antenna ; 1 c, extremity of fore tarsus ; 1 d, extremity 
 of abdomen of male, sideways ; 1 e, extremity of abdomen of male 
 of P. platypterus. 
 
 GENUS 2. Sybistroma. Fig. 2 a, extremity of abdomen of male of 
 Sybistroma obscurella, from above (when longitudinally extended) ; 
 
 2 b, ditto, sideways ; 2 c, the eight internal organs exposed on re- 
 moving the two dorsal plates and the two long clavate lateral ap- 
 pendages seen in the two preceding figures. 
 
 GENUS 3. Dolichopus. Fig. 3. Dolichopus discifer, male. 3 a, face 
 of male ; 3 5, face of female ; 3 c, antenna; 3 d, base of wing; 
 
 3 e, extremity of abdomen of male, sideways ; 3/, extremity of 
 fore tarsus of male ; 3 g y antenna of D. longicornis ; 3 k, antenna of 
 D. consobrinus ; 3 i, fore foot of ditto, male ; 3 #, extremity of 
 wing of D. diadem? . 
 
 GENUS 4. Orthochile. Fig, 4 a, head of Orthochile nigro-carulea, 
 sideways. 
 
 GENUS 5. Hydrophorus. Fig. 5. Hydrophorus balticus, male. 5 a, 
 face of male ; 5 6, antenna ; 5 c, abdomen of male, sideways ; 
 
 5 d, extremity of tarsus, from beneath ; 5 e, antenna of H. lacus- 
 tris ; 5 /, extremity of wing of ditto. 
 
 GENUS 6. Campsicnemus. Fig. 6. Campsicnemus scambus, male; 
 
 6 a, face ; 6 b, antenna ; 6 c, base of middle tarsus ; 6 d, abdomen 
 of male, sideways. 
 
 GENUS 7. Thinophilus. Fig. 7 ,face; 7 b, antenna. 
 GENUS 8. Rhaphium. Fig. 8. RJiapUum cras&ipes, male. 
 
 J. 0. W. 
 
DIPTERA.Pl.VI. 
 
 
PLATE VII. 
 
 FAMILY XXI. DOLICHOPED^ (continued). 
 
 GENUS 5. Hydrophorus (continued). Fig. 1. Hydrophorus notatus, 
 male. 1 0, furcate and dentated labrum and lingua of H. regius. 
 
 GENUS 8. Rhaphium (continued). Fig. 2 a, head and antenna of 
 Rhaphium longicorne, male, sideways ; 2 6, antenna of R. cupreum, 
 male ; 2 c, antenna of R. macrocerum, female ; 2 d, antenna of 
 R. pallipes, male ; 2 e, antenna of ditto, female. 
 
 GENUS 9. Machserium. Fig. 3. Macharium maritime. 3 a*, gene- 
 ral side view of the mouth without the palpi, the insertion of which 
 is denoted by a star ; 3 *, side view of labrum and tongue without 
 the palpus or labium ; 3 c*, upper parts of the mouth, from above, 
 with one palpus (labium not shown) ; 3 d* } oblique view of side 
 of labrum, showing the two lateral teeth ; 3 e*, tip of labrum 
 with membranous edge ; 3/*, the tongue seen from above ; 3^*, 
 the same, sideways ; 3 h* t antenna. 
 
 GENUS 10. Argyra. Fig. 4. Argyra leucocephala, male. 4 a, face 
 of male ; 4 b, face of female ; 4 c, antenna of A. diaphana, male ; 
 4 d, extremity of abdomen of male ; 4 e, mouth of A. diaphana, 
 sideways, from Curtis. 
 
 GENUS 11. Porphyrops. Fig. 5 a> antenna of Porphyrops flam- 
 ventris, male ; 5 5, extremity of body of male, sideways.' 
 
 GENUS 12. Diaphorus. Fig. 6 a, face of Diapkorus ottscurellus, 
 male ; 6 5, antenna of ditto. 
 
 GENUS 13. Chrysotus. Fig. 7 a, face of Chrysotus nigripes, male; 
 
 7 t>, wing ; 7 c, antenna. 
 GENUS 14. Medeterus. Fig. 8. Medeterus diadema, female. 8 a, 
 
 face of ditto ; 8 b, head, sideways ; 8 c, antenna ; 8 d, abdomen 
 
 of M. truncorum, male. 
 
 GENUS 15. Aphrosylus. Fig. 9. ApJirosylus raptor, male. 9 a, 
 head, sideways ; 9 6, antenna ; 9 c, fore leg, showing spiny tro- 
 chanter and coxa ; 9 d, extremity of abdomen of male. 
 
 J. O. W. 
 
BIPTEBA, m.VII. 
 
PLATE VIII. 
 
 FAMILY XXII. LONCHOPTEBIDJE. 
 
 GENUS 1. Lonchoptera. Fig. 1. Lonchoptera lutea t male. 1 a*, 
 head, from below, showing the form of the peristoma ; 1 6* t side 
 view of proboscis, showing the elongate labella, the palpus a little 
 shorter than, and parallel to, them, and an upper frame- work 
 which seems to be the epistoma (prcelabrum of Wahlberg) ; 1 c*, 
 the same seen edgeways from above, with the labrum ? disen- 
 gaged ; 1 d* t the labrum ? or clypeus ? with the tongue seen 
 edgeways from above; 1 e*, the labrum alone; I/*, antenna 
 with three-jointed arista ; 1 g, wing of female ; 1 h*, the vagina, 
 the tentacula not distinctly seen ; 1 i*, the same, seen from the 
 opposite direction, with the short tentacula forced open ; 1 k*, ex- 
 tremity of abdomen of male, sideways. 
 
 FAMILY XXIII. PLATYPEZID^. 
 
 GENUS!. Platypeza. Fig. 2. Platypeza picta. 2 a, head of male ; 
 2 b, face of female, showing the mouth and two palpi ; 2 c, an- 
 tenna ; 2 d, middle tarsus ; 2 e, hind tarsus ; 2 /, last joint of 
 tarsus ; 2 g, mouth, from Meigen. 
 
 GENUS 2. Callomyia. Fig. 3. Callomyia elegans. 3 a, face of 
 female ; 3 b, antenna ; 3 c, hind tarsus. 
 
 GENUS 3. Opetia. Fig. 4 a, wing of Opetia nigra ; 4 b, antenna. 
 
 GENUS 4. Platycnema. Fig. 5. Platy enema pulicaria. 5 a, an- 
 tenna ; 5 b, extremity of tarsus, sideways. 
 
 FAMILY XXIV. PIPUNCULID^. 
 
 GENUS 1. Pipunculus. Fig. 6 a, head of Pipunculus campestris> 
 male ; 6 5, ditto, female ; 6 c, antenna ; 6 d, proboscis, sideways ; 
 
 6 e, wing ; 6 /, extremity of abdomen of male ; 6 g } wing of P. 
 auctus. (Chiefly from Curtis.) 
 
 GENUS 2. Chalarus. Fig. 7. Chalarus spurius. 7 , face of female; 
 
 7 b, antenna ; 7 c, middle leg ; 7 d, extremity of tarsus. 
 
 J. O. W. 
 
DIPTERA.,P1.7HI 
 
i * 
 
PLATE IX. 
 
 FAMILY XXV. SYEPHID^E. 
 
 GENUS 1. Ceria. Fig. 1 a, head of Ceria conopsoides, seen sideways ; 
 1 b t extremity of wing of ditto. 
 
 GENUS 2. Callicera. Fig. 2. Callicera anea. 2 a, antenna. 
 
 GENUS 3. Micro don. Fig. 3 #, antenna of Microdon apiformis ; 
 
 3 b, wing of ditto. 
 
 GENUS 4. Eumerus. Fig. 4 a, head of Eumerus strigatm, sideways ; 
 
 4 b, wing of ditto. 
 
 GENUS 5. Eristalis. Fig. 5 a, head of Eristalis tenax, male, from 
 above ; 5 b, head of female, sideways ; 5 c, wing of ditto. 
 
 GENUS 6. Helophilus. Fig. 6 a, head of HelopJiilus pendulus, 
 male, from above ; 6 b, ditto, sideways ; 6 c, extremity of wing. 
 
 GENUS 7. Merodon. Fig. 7 a, head of Merodon clavipes, side- 
 ways ; 7 b, hind leg of male of ditto. 
 
 GENUS 8. Tropidia. Fig. 8 a, head of Tropidia milesiformis, male ; 
 8 b t extremity of wing of ditto. 
 
 GENUS 9. Syritta. Fig. 9. Syritta pipiens, male. 9 a, head, side- 
 ways. 
 
 GENUS 10. Xylota. Fig. 10 a, head of Xylota sylvarum, male; 
 10 b, antenna; 10 c, extremity of wing; 10 d, base of hind leg, 
 showing small spine on the coxa. 
 
 GENUS 11. Milesia. Fig. 11 , head of Mile&ia speciosa, sideways ; 
 115, extremity of wing ; 11 c, base of hind leg. 
 
 GENUS 12. Criorhina. Fig. 12. Oriorhina oxyacanthce. 12 a, head, 
 sideways. 
 
 GENUS 13. Volucella. Fig. 13 , head of Folucella bombylans, 
 sideways; 13 b y antenna; 13 c, extremity of wing. 
 
 GENUS 14. Sericomyia. Fig. 14. Sericomyia borealis. 14 a, head 
 of ditto, sideways ; 14 b, claw joint of tarsus. 
 
 GENUS 20. Orthoneura. Fig. 15. Orthoneura nobilis. 
 
 J. 0. W. 
 
DIPT ERA. PI. DC. 
 
 15. 
 
 Heave fe Nichols , imp . 
 

PLATE X. 
 
 FAMILY XXV. SYKPHID^] (continued). 
 
 GENUS 15. Chrysotoxum. Fig. 1 #, head of Chrysotoxum, fascio- 
 latum, male, sideways ; 1 5, abdomen of male, sideways. 
 
 GENUS 16. Psarus. Fig. 2 #, head of Psarus abdominalis, from 
 above ; 2 b, antenna of ditto. 
 
 GENUS 17. Paragus. Fig. 3 a, head of Paragus femoratm, male; 
 
 3 6, ditto, sideways ; 3 c, extremity of wing. 
 
 GENUS 18. Psilota. Fig. 4 a, head of Psilota antkracina, sideways ; 
 
 4 b, wing : both from Meigen. 
 
 GENUS 19. Pipiza. Fig. 5 a, head of Pipiza noctiluca, sideways. 
 
 GENUS 20. Orthoneura (continued}. Fig. 6 a, antenna of OrtJio- 
 neura elegans (Meigen). 
 
 GENUS 21. Chrysogaster. Fig. 7 a, head of Chrysogaster cceme- 
 teriorum, sideways; 7 b y extremity of wing; 7 c, extremity of 
 wing of C. nigricollis (Meigen). 
 
 GENUS 22. Brachyopa. Fig. 8. Brachyopa conica. 8 a, head of 
 ditto, sideways. 
 
 GENUS 23. Rhingia. Fig. 9 #, head of RMngia rostrata, male; 9 b t 
 ditto, sideways. 
 
 GENUS 24. Chrysoclamis. Fig. 10. Chrysoclamis cuprea. 10 a, 
 labrum and lingua, with one of the maxillae and its palpus (Meigen). 
 
 GENUS 25. Cheiiosia. Fig. 11 a, head of Cheilosia cestracea, male, 
 sideways ; 11 b, proboscis of C. lucorum (after Curtis) ; lie, ex- 
 tremity of wing. 
 
 GENUS 26. Syrphus. Fig. 12. Syrphm pyrastri, female. 12 a, 
 head of male. 
 
 GENUS 27. Doros. Fig. 13 a, abdomen of Doros conopseus, female 
 (8 -jointed), 
 
 GENUS 28. Melithreptus. Fig. 14. Melitkreptusmentkastri,male. 
 14 a, extremity of body of ditto ; 1 4 5, abdomen of female of 
 ditto. 
 
 GENUS 29. Baccha. Fig. 15 a, abdomen of BaccJia tabida\ 156, 
 hind leg of ditto. 
 
 GENUS 30. Sphegina. Fig. 16. Sphegina clunipes. 
 
 GENUS 31. Ascia. Fig. 17 a, head of Ascia podagrica, sideways; 
 17 b, extremity of wing of ditto. 
 
 FAMILY XXVI. CONOPID^E. 
 
 GENUS 1. Conops. Fig. 18. Conops rufipes. 18 , head of ditto, 
 sideways ; 18 b, proboscis ; 3 8 c, antenna. 
 
 J. O. W. 
 
DIPTERA/FLX. 
 
 8. 10 
 
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 13 
 
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 " A delightful sketch of Dr. Hooker's Journey to Calcutta with the suite of 
 Lord Dalhousie." Literary Gazette. 
 
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