THE CELEBRATION OF THE 
 
 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH 
 
 ANNIVERSARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON 
 
 JULY 15-19, 1912 
 
 LONDON 
 PRINTED FOR THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 AT THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 
 AND SOLD BY HUMPHREY MILFORD, AMEN CORNER, E.G. 
 
 1913 
 
OXFORD : HORACE HART 
 PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 1 * I* 
 
 .' > 3 I 
 
 
 " o j ** a ' 
 
 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 NARRATIVE OF THE CELEBRATION AND LIST OF DELEGATES ... 1 
 
 ADDRESS BY THE DEAN OF WESTMINSTER ...... 5 
 
 ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY .... 8 
 
 LATIN SPEECHES BY THE PUBLIC ORATORS OF THE UNIVERSITIES OF 
 OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE IN PRESENTING DELEGATES FOR HONORARY 
 
 DEGREES 24 
 
 ADDRESSES OF FELICITATION ........ 31 
 
 TELEGRAMS AND LETTERS 123 
 
 INDEX 
 
 270349 
 
THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 CELEBRATION OF THE 250iH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 Ox the 15th of July 1662 a Charter granted by King Charles II 
 passed the Great Seal incorporating, under the name of ' The 
 Royal Society ', a company of eminent and enthusiastic men who 
 for some years had been prosecuting the study of Natural Science, 
 or, as it was then termed, Experimental Philosophy. This date 
 has accordingly been reckoned to be that of the birth of the 
 Society as an organized association. The approach of the 250th 
 return of the day suggested that the event was one which might 
 appropriately be marked by some special form of commemoration. 
 Hence, early in the year 1911 the President and Council of the 
 Society determined to make it the occasion of a Celebration 
 which should be held at a time as near as might be found 
 convenient to that of the Society's birthday on 15th July 
 1912. 
 
 As an appropriate permanent memorial of the occasion two 
 volumes were undertaken to be prepared and published (1) a new 
 edition of the ' Record ' of the Society and (2) a facsimile repro- 
 duction of the pages of signatures of the Fellows in the Charter- 
 book, from that of the Royal Founder down to those entered in 
 the summer of 1912. 
 
 The ' Record ', as revised, re-arranged, and enlarged, is intended 
 to give an account of the foundation and early history of the 
 Society with the text of all its Charters, its Statutes with their 
 variations down to the present time, the Society's various Trusts, 
 lists of its Benefactors, its Presidents and Officers and its Medal- 
 lists and Lecturers, with an account of its Library, Portraits, 
 Busts, and Medals, likewise full details regarding the existing 
 Committees and the various work of the Society. The Chrono- 
 
2 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 logical Register of the Fellows has been thoroughly revised and 
 for the first time made complete. 
 
 The facsimile reproduction of the Signatures has been success- 
 fully accomplished by the University Press, Oxford, and has been 
 published in a folio volume with the title, * The Signatures in the 
 First Journal-book and the Charter-book of the Royal Society.' 
 This interesting volume contains the autographs of the Fellows 
 from the first founders down to the present day, and is probably 
 the most extensive existing collection of the signatures of dis- 
 tinguished leaders in science during the last two centuries and 
 a half. Besides the pages of the Charter-book, the volume 
 also comprises facsimiles of three pages of the first Journal- 
 book of the Society, on which, under date 5th December 1660, 
 are inscribed the autograph signatures of the original company 
 of men of science and their friends and well-wishers who resolved 
 to form themselves into an organized Society, and who, some 
 nineteen months later, were incorporated by the King as ' The 
 Royal Society '. One of the chief difficulties in the preparation of 
 this facsimile volume arose in the decipherment of many of the 
 signatures and the compilation of an alphabetical List which 
 should give accurately the dates of admission into the Society, 
 with the page of the Charter-book on which each signature would 
 be found. But in the end every signature was identified, and the 
 volume together with the ' Record ' were both ready for dis- 
 tribution by the 13th of July, on which day the President and 
 Treasurer had the honour of presenting a copy of each volume to 
 His Majesty King George V, who was graciously pleased to 
 accept them and to express his interest in the forthcoming 
 Celebration. Copies of these volumes were subsequently sent to 
 the Universities, Academies, and other Institutions that were 
 represented at the Anniversary. 
 
 The invitations to be present in London for the purpose of 
 attending the Society's Celebration began to be issued in January 
 1912. Each Foreign Member and a number of eminent foreign 
 men of science who were not Members were specially invited, 
 and the Universities, Academies, and other learned Institutions in 
 the United Kingdom, in the British Dominions beyond the Sea, 
 and in all the civilized countries of the world, were each asked to 
 
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250th ANNIVERSARY 3 
 
 send a delegate. The illuminated Invitation was in Latin and in 
 the accompanying form, with the requisite verbal variations in the 
 last paragraph when addressed to individual persons. 
 
 It was arranged that the various functions should extend from the 
 evening of Monday, July 15th, to the evening of Thursday, 18th. 
 The following Diary was printed and placed in the hands of the 
 Fellows and visitors before the proceedings began : 
 
 MONDAY, JULY 15ra. 
 
 Evening Reception of the Delegates in the Rooms of the Royal Society, 
 Burlington House, Piccadilly, 8.30 to 11 p.m. The Enquiry Office will 
 be open from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. this day, and on application there, 
 Delegates and Fellows will obtain all the tickets required for the various 
 functions of the Celebration. 
 
 TUESDAY, JULY 16xH. 
 
 Commemorative Service in Westminster Abbey ; 12 noon. 
 
 Formal Reception of the Delegates and Presentation of Addresses in the 
 
 Great Library of the Royal Society, 2.30 p.m. 
 Banquet in the Guildhall of the City of London, 6.30 for 7 p.m. 
 
 WEDNESDAY, JULY 17TH. 
 
 Visits in the morning to Places of Interest in and near London. 
 
 Garden Party given by Her Grace the Duchess of Northumberland, at Syon 
 
 House, on the Thames (4 to 7 o'clock). 
 Conversazione at the Royal Society, 9 o'clock. 
 
 THURSDAY, JULY ISra. 
 
 Visits in the morning to Places of Interest in and near London. 
 
 Garden Party at Windsor given by Their Majesties the King and Queen. 
 
 In the evening Dinner Parties ; particulars of which will await Delegates and 
 
 Fellows at Burlington House from the morning of Monday, July 15th, 
 
 onward. 
 
 The formal Celebration was held in the Rooms of the Royal 
 Society in Burlington House. For the convenience of those 
 attending it, an Enquiry Office and Post Office were fitted up 
 in the adjoining meeting-room of the Geological Society, which 
 that Society had kindly lent for the occasion, and where all the 
 
 B 2 
 
4 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 cards of invitation, tickets, and other documents connected with 
 the Celebration were obtainable. 
 
 A number of the Clubs in the west end of London elected 
 Foreign and Colonial Delegates Honorary Members during the 
 time of the commemoration. A Committee of Ladies was formed 
 for the purpose of providing entertainment for ladies accompanying 
 delegates, at such times as they would not be present at the 
 functions of the Society. The meeting-room of the Royal Society 
 was set apart for the use of these ladies. The Ladies' Committee 
 took care that some of their number should always be in attend- 
 ance in that room at specified hours in order to render every 
 assistance in their power. By wearing different coloured badges 
 they indicated which of them spoke French, German, or Italian. 
 They organized visits to the Royal Gardens, Kew, and to places of 
 interest in London, and some of their number accompanied the 
 excursionists. 
 
 A Register was kept in which every Delegate was requested 
 to sign his name. This collection of autographs forms an 
 interesting record which will be preserved among the Society's 
 archives. 
 
 The Royal Society's invitation met with a cordial reception 
 all over the globe. The great majority of the Universities, 
 Academies, and other scientific Institutions sent delegates who 
 presented congratulatory addresses. In cases where delegation 
 was not attempted the addresses arrived by post together with 
 many telegrams of felicitation. The following is a brief narrative 
 of the proceedings throughout the Anniversary : 
 
 MONDAY, JULY 15 r rn, 1912. 
 
 This being the birthday of the Royal Society the President, 
 Council, and Fellows assembled in the evening in their Library 
 for the purpose of informally welcoming such of the Delegates as 
 had already arrived in London, and settling with them some of 
 the arrangements for the more formal reception to be held on the 
 following day. A large proportion of visitors were present, though 
 some were unable to reach London in time for this meeting. 
 
250TH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 TUESDAY JULY 16TH. 
 
 By arrangement with the Dean and Chapter, a short com- 
 memorative service was held at noon in the ancient Abbey of 
 Westminster. Assembling in the historic Jerusalem Chamber, 
 the President and Council of the Royal Society, in academic 
 dress and preceded by the Society's Mace, followed in procession 
 the Dean and clergy to the places reserved for them. Seats were set 
 apart for the general body of the Fellows, for the Foreign Members, 
 and for the Delegates and ladies who had accompanied them. 
 The music was arranged and conducted by the organist of the 
 Abbey, Sir Frederick Bridge, C.V.O., Mus.Doc. Towards the 
 close of the service a short address was given by the Dean, the 
 Right Reverend Bishop Ryle, C.V.O., D.D., who, at the request 
 of the Society, has permitted it to be printed here. 
 
 ADDRESS BY THE DEAN OF WESTMINSTER. 
 
 l Esdras iv. 38, 40, 41. Truth abideth, and is strong for ever ; she liveth 
 and conquereth for evermore. . . . Blessed be the God of truth. . . . And all 
 the people then shouted, and said, Great is truth, and strong above all things. 
 
 ' Magna est veritas, et praevalet. 1 
 
 ' There have been times even within the memory of some who 
 are gathered within these walls, when a welcome such as we have 
 desired to give in this Abbey to the Members of the Royal 
 Society on the occasion of its 250th Anniversary, would have 
 received but a faint echo from the religious world of this country. 
 
 ' The perturbation which took possession of men's minds last 
 century at the period of the most startling of the discoveries in 
 Natural Science was wont to betray itself too often in ill-considered 
 words of fear, impatience, and indignation. Nor need we wonder. 
 To quote the words of John Fiske : " The men of the present day 
 who have kept pace with the scientific movement are separated 
 from the men whose education ended in 1830 by an immeasurably 
 wider gulf than ever before divided one progressive generation of 
 men from their predecessors." Misunderstanding, apprehension, 
 and friction were the result. 
 
6 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 ' We look back with regret upon any occasion when the cause 
 of truth on any of its many sides has been compromised by the 
 attitude of its defenders ; or when the spirit of charity and 
 toleration has been forgotten in the wretched atmosphere of 
 controversy. 
 
 ' Times are changed. I believe I may claim to speak in the 
 name of the whole world of contemporary Christian thought, 
 when in this Abbey I give expression to the gratitude which, as 
 a rule, we clergy have little opportunity to render, for the amazing 
 enrichment of human thought which has resulted from the patient 
 researches of Natural Science during the past two hundred and fifty, 
 and in particular during the past eighty, years. We thank God for 
 the great and glorious work that has been done by the men of 
 science; for the widening of human thought ; for the elevation com- 
 municated to the methods and ideals of study. " Science," as has 
 finely been said by an eminent religious teacher in our own day 
 " science is truly a revelation. . . . Instead of the round world which 
 cannot be moved, every star that twinkles in the sky becomes 
 a fiery sun whirling through the deeps of space. Instead of the 
 six days of creation, we look down vistas of time to which 
 a thousand years are no more than a watch in the night. Instead 
 of repeated acts of creation, we see a mighty chain of life 
 stretching upwards from the sea- weeds and the sponges to where 
 shall we put a limit to all-enduring patience and all-sovereign 
 goodness ? " 
 
 ' With all humility we express our grateful obligation for the 
 benefits which for a quarter of a millennium have been rendered in 
 this country by the Royal Society. In no small measure it has 
 been due to the weight of wise opinion created by its studies and 
 observations, that the intellectual life of the people has emerged 
 so far as it has from the influence of the Middle Ages. The work 
 of the Royal Society has tended to elevate and purify thought. 
 It is untrammelled by party politics. Its studies overleap the 
 barriers of race and language. They make for the peace of the 
 world, as well as for the well-being of every class. They con- 
 tinually contribute to the promotion of Unity. Truth is one; 
 and however feebly our words may express it, yet we are convinced 
 
 1 Gwatkin, Knowledge of God, ii. 275. 
 
250m ANNIVERSARY 7 
 
 that the discoveries of Science discharge a truly prophetic office 
 in making known to mankind the facts of the Universe, in which 
 we believe we may read the record of the Will of the Supreme 
 Mind. And in deepest humility we express our conviction that 
 the God whose laws are discerned in evolution, gravitation, and 
 the conservation of energy is He whose laws will be no less 
 clearly discerned in love, forgiveness, and redemption, in the 
 spiritual existence and in the gift of immortality. 
 
 ' We stand, as it were, bareheaded, while you proclaim to 
 a solemnized and attentive world the wonderful mysteries of the 
 Universe. You have added sanctity to the knowledge of phe- 
 nomena ; you have laid deep and lasting the foundations of 
 accurate research ; you have quickened intellectual life with the 
 enthusiasm for the investigation of truth. You bid us not stand, 
 but go forward. 
 
 ' In conclusion, let me remind you, while I bring to an end this 
 word of welcome to our Abbey, that we revere in this place the 
 great names which are famous on your roll of distinction, and 
 which are no less famous among the memorials committed to our 
 keeping. Newton and Darwin, Herschel and Adams, Humphry 
 Davy and Woodward, Buckland, Lyell and Joule, William 
 Spottiswoode and Stokes and Kelvin, how varied, how illustrious 
 is this galaxy of men, so simple in their lives, so potent in their 
 influence ! It is not for me to speak. But I suppose we should 
 not be wrong to assume that even with the light which the work 
 of these great men has shed upon the pathway of the progress of 
 mankind, we have only so far travelled a little way out of darkness. 
 What may we not in all humility pray for and expect from 
 the discoveries of Natural Science in the next two hundred and 
 fifty years ? 
 
 ' That in the future, as in the past, the work of your Society 
 may be blessed to the increase of human knowledge, for the good 
 of our fellow creatures, and in the maintenance of just and 
 charitable opinion among all classes of the community, is, I am 
 sure, the earnest prayer of every man who has the fear of God in 
 his heart. 
 
 ' " If Reason may not command," said Whichcote, some two 
 hundred and fifty -years ago, "it will condemn." And it is 
 
8 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 through the pre-eminent influence of the men of the Royal Society 
 in the field of Natural Science, that we believe that Reason, as 
 the noblest gift of God to man, will assert its unfailing and bene- 
 ficent sway, never ceasing to be touched with the passionate search 
 for the secrets of truth and ever fired with the love of our fellow 
 creatures, and animated with the generous hope of benefiting them 
 through the application of scientific discovery. Magna cst veritas, 
 et praevalet.' 
 
 In the afternoon at 2.30 the formal Reception of the Delegates 
 took place in the Great Library of the Royal Society, which was 
 completely filled. The Delegates w r ere grouped according to the 
 countries they represented, these countries being taken in alpha- 
 betical order. After the visitors had been marshalled to the seats 
 reserved for each country the proceedings began with an address 
 from the President, Sir Archibald Geikie, who spoke as follows : 
 
 ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. 
 
 ' On behalf of the Royal Society, I desire to express our warm 
 appreciation of the sympathetic response which has been made by 
 so many Universities, Academies, and learned Institutions in all 
 parts of the world, and by so many distinguished men of science, 
 to our invitation to celebrate with us on this occasion the 250th 
 birthday of the Society. No more striking proof than is presented 
 by this assembly could be given of the reality and cordiality of 
 that spirit of frank and loyal co-operation which unites into one 
 great brotherhood the students of science in every land and in 
 every language. We welcome you, Gentlemen, with our whole 
 heart. We appreciate most sincerely the honour which has been 
 conferred on the Royal Society by your presence here to-day. We 
 greet the Delegates who bring to us the felicitations of some of 
 the oldest centres of culture in Europe, which had become famous 
 some centuries before our own Society was born. Not less fully 
 do we rejoice to meet the Delegates from the younger Institutions 
 in our own and other lands, who have come from British dominions 
 beyond the seas, from furthest Asia and Africa, and in such numbers 
 from the Great Republic across the Atlantic where the lamp of 
 science now burns with so bright a radiance and in so many 
 
250m ANNIVERSARY 9 
 
 centres of growing activity. While it is a proud satisfaction to 
 receive among our guests to-day leaders in science whose names 
 have become honoured household words in all parts of the globe, 
 the gratification is not less to find, among your number, scholars 
 who represent the older literary learning, who have been deputed 
 to convey to us the congratulations of the time-honoured Univer- 
 sities which they adorn. To one and all we return our grateful 
 thanks for your presence here at our Celebration. We sincerely 
 desire that the few festal days which you are to spend with us 
 may be in every way enjoyable to you, so that your impressions 
 of your visit to London on this occasion may become a pleasant 
 memory which you will care to cherish in the days to come. 
 
 ' Two hundred and fifty years seem in some respects no long 
 span of time in the course of human history, but the two hundred 
 and fifty years across which we look back to-day have been in the 
 history of science a period of momentous importance, crowded 
 with incident, and full of marvellous achievement. When in 
 the earlier decades of the seventeenth century Francis Bacon was 
 so cogently insisting on the necessity of studying Nature by the 
 careful observation of facts and the testing of conclusions by 
 experiment, he made but slight practical impression in England. 
 The seed which he sowed did not spring into life until after he 
 had passed away. About the middle of the century, however, the 
 spirit of eager curiosity and inquiry with regard to the world 
 wherein we live, which spread over all civilized countries, reached 
 England also. Nature was still, as it had been from the earliest 
 days of mankind, a vast unknown region, full on every hand of 
 mystery and wonder. Even the most everyday phenomena 
 presented to thoughtful minds problems for which no satisfactory 
 solution had been found. The earnest desire to seek an explana- 
 tion of some of these familiar phenomena at last induced a re- 
 markable group of men in this country to organize themselves 
 systematically for the prosecution of that experimental philosophy 
 which Bacon had so longed to see pursued. The time, however, 
 was not propitious, for it was one of political turmoil and civil war 
 in England. The studious men who desired to pursue these 
 researches sought refuge from the social strife in the quiet 
 investigation of Nature. They met weekly in London, where they 
 
10 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 discussed many and diverse questions in physical and biological 
 science, devising and carrying into execution numerous experi- 
 ments by which they tried to ascertain the nature and connexion 
 of some of the fundamental processes in the economy of this world. 
 When the civil commotions drove them from their meeting-place 
 in London, some of the more active and enthusiastic among their 
 number sought the shelter of Oxford, where, under the hospitable 
 roof of Wadham College, they were able to continue their inquiries. 
 ' The restoration of the Monarchy in the early summer of the 
 year 1660, which led to the re-establishment of settled order in 
 the country, allowed the resumption of scientific meetings in the 
 autumn of that year. With the brighter prospects of peace 
 before them, the philosophers assembled once more in the 
 picturesque Gresham College in the city of London, and for the 
 better accomplishment of their aims they determined to form 
 themselves into a definite Society with a regular organization and 
 a common fund from which the cost of experiments could be 
 defrayed. Had they restricted the membership of their proposed 
 Society to men of science, properly so called, their number would 
 hardly have exceeded two score. But with commendable fore- 
 sight they took advantage of the prevalent spirit of curiosity 
 regarding the secrets of Nature, and gathered round them 
 a company of three times their own number comprising prominent 
 representatives of the Church, of Law, of Medicine, of Politics, 
 and of the Public Services. Their adherents included also men 
 of letters, and it is specially noteworthy that among these were 
 the foremost poets in the England of that day John Dryden, 
 Edmund AValler, John Denham, Abraham Cowley, William 
 Hammond, and Thomas Stanley. This brilliant assemblage of 
 the intellect and learning of the time soon attracted the notice and 
 the active sympathy of King Charles II, who himself had his full 
 share of the widespread contagion of curiosity and inquiry. He 
 attended some of the meetings of the infant Society, and on the 
 15th July 1662 granted to it a Charter of Incorporation with the 
 name of " The Royal Society " and the definite constitution under 
 which it is still governed. That date was thus regarded as the 
 birthday of the Society which, after the lapse of two centuries and 
 a half, we are met to-day to celebrate. 
 
250TH ANNIVERSARY 11 
 
 * The career of the Royal Society is fully recorded in its various 
 publications. Its "Philosophical Transactions" and "Proceedings", 
 and likewise the separate works which it has issued, form a chro- 
 nicle from which the successive stages in the progress of modern 
 science can be followed. The enumeration of only a few of the 
 names which appear in these volumes shows that the Society has 
 counted among its Fellows some of the great leaders in all branches 
 of Natural Knowledge. Starting its career with a notable group of 
 physicists and mathematicians, among whom were Robert Boyle and 
 John Wilkins, it ere long welcomed Isaac Newton into its ranks, 
 published his immortal " Principia ", and annually elected him as 
 its President for nearly a quarter of a century. The physical 
 sciences have all along been strongly represented here. It seems 
 but yesterday that James Clerk Maxwell's voice was heard in 
 these rooms and that Stokes and Kelvin sat in the presidential 
 chair. That the succession of leaders is still well maintained, the 
 presence here to-day of Lord Rayleigh, Sir William Crookes, Sir 
 Joseph Thomson, Sir Joseph Larmor, and many others amply 
 proves. Nor have the biological sciences been less prominent in 
 the work of the Society. From the early days of John Ray down to 
 those of Charles Darwin, Hooker, Huxley and Lister, every branch 
 of biology has been illustrated and advanced by our Fellows. 
 
 'As Science knows no restriction of country or language, the 
 Royal Society has from its earliest beginning cultivated friendly 
 relations with fellow workers in research all over the world. The 
 first list of original members includes the honoured name of the 
 physicist and astronomer Huygens, some of whose gifts to us we 
 still possess ; and from that time till now the Society has been 
 proud to inscribe on the roll of its Foreign Members the names of 
 the most illustrious exponents of science in each generation. It 
 has been glad also to recognize distinction by the award of its 
 medals far beyond the bounds of the British Dominions. At the 
 same time the Academies and Universities of other lands have 
 ever shown a generous recognition of the labours of the Fellows 
 of the Royal Society, honouring them by electing them into their 
 membership or by conferring upon them academic degrees. This 
 confraternity of the commonwealth of science reaches to-day the 
 climax of its manifestation in our experience, when we receive 
 
12 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 delegates from so many countries who by their presence here ex- 
 press the sympathy and goodwill of the various institutions which 
 they represent. To these institutions, venerable and youthful, 
 a formal expression of our grateful appreciation will in due course 
 be transmitted. In the meantime I will conclude these opening 
 remarks by again thanking you for your presence here to-day and 
 bidding you a cordial welcome to the halls of the Royal Society.' 
 
 The presentation of Addresses from the various Institutions 
 represented then began. The delegations, as arranged in the 
 alphabetical order of the countries represented by them, are given 
 in the following list. As it would have been impossible that the 
 Addresses should be read at the meeting, one delegate from each 
 country was selected who should briefly express the friendly 
 feelings of his compatriots. The Addresses themselves will be 
 found in extenso from p. 31 to p. 122 of this volume. 
 
250TH ANNIVERSARY 13 
 
 LIST OF DELEGATES ATTENDING THE CELEBRATION. 
 
 EUROPE. 
 
 AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 
 
 Imperial Academy of Sciences, 
 
 Vienna 
 Bohemian Karl-Ferdinand Univer- Prof. Dr. Frantisek Vejdovskv, Rector. 
 
 sity, Prague 
 Imperial Academy of Sciences, Cra- Prof. Dr. Leo Marchlewski. 
 
 cow 
 Royal Hungarian University, Buda- Prof. Izidor Frohlich, Rector. 
 
 pest 
 
 BELGIUM. 
 
 University of Louvain . . . Prof. A. de Hemptinne. 
 Royal Academy of Sciences, Brussels Prof. Louis Dollo. 
 
 DENMARK. 
 
 L T niversity of Copenhagen . . Prof. Hector F. E. Jungersen. 
 Royal Danish Society of Science, Prof. Eug. Warming. 
 Copenhagen 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
 University of Paris . . . Prof.EmilePicard, Membre de Tlnstitut. 
 
 Academy of Sciences, Institute of Mons. Gabriel Lippmann, President. 
 France, Paris Prof. Charles Barrois, Membre de 
 
 1'Institut. 
 Observatory, Paris . . . Mons. Henri Deslandres, Membre de 
 
 Tlnstitut. 
 
 Mons. A. Haller, Membre de Plnstitut. 
 French Society of Physics, Paris . Mons. E. B. Baillaud, Membre de 
 
 1'Institut. 
 
 Botanical Society of France, Paris . Mons. Philippe de Vilmorin. 
 Chemical Society of France, Paris . Mons. Hanriot, President. 
 University of Bordeaux . . . Prof. A. Pitres. 
 National Academy of Bordeaux . Prof. A. Pitres. 
 University of Clermont-Ferrand . Prof. Pellet. 
 University of Lille . . . Prof. A. Schatz. 
 
 LTniversity of Nancy . . . M. Ch. Adam,|Rector. 
 University of Toulouse . . . Prof. Jules Drach. 
 
14 
 
 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 EUROPE continued. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 University of Berlin 
 
 University of Bonn 
 University of Breslau 
 University of Erlangen . 
 University of Freiburg-im-Breisgau 
 University of Giessen 
 University of Gottingen 
 University of Greifswald 
 University of Halle 
 University of Heidelberg 
 University of Konigsberg 
 University of Leipzig 
 
 University of Marburg . 
 University of Munich 
 University of Miinster . 
 University of Rostock . 
 University of Strasburg 
 University of Tubingen . 
 Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Royal Society of Sciences, Gottingen 
 Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, 
 
 Munich 
 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Dr. Otto 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 
 Prof. Dr. 
 Prof. Dr. 
 
 W. Waldeyer. 
 
 W. Nernst. 
 
 H. Kayser. 
 
 Adolf Kneser, Rector. 
 
 Varnhagen. 
 
 Oskar Bolza. 
 
 Walter Konig. 
 
 Woldemar Voigt, Rector. 
 
 Jaekel. 
 
 J. Veit. 
 
 G. Quincke. 
 
 G. Winter. 
 
 Eduard Sievers. 
 
 W. Ostwald. 
 
 Eugen Korschelt. 
 
 von Groth. 
 
 Karl Busz. 
 
 Rudolf Hiibner, Rector. 
 
 J. Ficker. 
 
 H. von Vochting. 
 
 H. Rubens. 
 
 O. Wallach. 
 von Groth. 
 
 GREECE. 
 
 University of Athens 
 
 University of Rome . 
 University of Bologna . 
 University of Palermo . . 
 University of Pisa .... 
 University of Padua 
 Royal Academy dei Lincei, Rome . 
 
 Royal Academy della Crusca, 
 
 Florence 
 Royal Lombard Institute of Science 
 
 and Letters, Milan 
 
 , Prof. Andrew Andreadis. 
 
 ITALY. 
 . Prof. Vito Volterra. 
 
 Prof. Giovanni Guccia. 
 
 Prof. Marchese E. Paterno di Sessa. 
 Conte Ugo Balzani. 
 
 Prof. Vito Volterra. 
 
15 
 
 EUROPE continued. 
 
 Royal Society of Naples . . Sir Archibald Geikie, K.C.B., P.R.S. 
 
 Zoological Station, Naples . . Prof. Reinhard Dohrn. 
 Royal Academy of Sciences, Turin . Lord Rayleigh, O.M., F.R.S. 
 
 MONACO. 
 Oceanographical Institute . . Mr. J. Y. Buchanan, F.R.S. 
 
 NETHERLANDS. 
 
 University of Amsterdam . . Prof. C. Winkler, Rector Magnificus. 
 
 University of Groningen . . Prof. G. C. Nijhoff, Rector. 
 
 University of Ley den . . . Dr. F. Pijper, Rector. 
 
 University of Utrecht . . . Dr. A. A. Nyland, Rector Magnificus. 
 
 Royal Academy of Sciences, Am- Prof. P. Zeeman, Secretary. 
 
 sterdam 
 
 Dutch Society of Sciences, Haarlem . Dr. J. P. Lotsy, Perpetual Secretary. 
 
 Batavian Society of Experimental Dr. R. H. van Dorsten, Secretary. 
 
 Philosophy, Rotterdam 
 
 NORWAY. 
 
 Royal University of Norway, Chris- Prof. Waldemar Brogger. 
 
 tiania 
 Academy of Sciences, Christiania . Prof. H. Mohn, President. 
 
 PORTUGAL. 
 Academy of Sciences, Lisbon . . Mr. Edgar Prestage. 
 
 RUSSIA. 
 
 Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Dr. O. Backlund. 
 Petersburg Prince Boris Galitzin. 
 
 Prof. I. P. Pawlow. 
 
 University of Moscow . . . Prof. A. P. Goubaroff. 
 University of Dorpat (Juriew) . Prof. Alexander Ivanovic Jarockij. 
 University of Warsaw . . . Prof. P. I. Mitrophanow. 
 
 FINLAND. 
 
 University of Finland, Helsingfors . Prof. Anders Donner, Rector. 
 Finnish Society of Sciences, Helsing- Prof. J. J. Sederholm. 
 fors 
 
 SPAIN. 
 
 Royal Academy of Sciences, Madrid Prof. Rodriguez Carracido. 
 
10 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 EUROPE continued. 
 SWEDEN. 
 
 University of Lund . . . Prof. C. W. L. Charlier. 
 University of Stockholm . . Baron Gerard de Geer, Pro-Rector. 
 University of Upsala . . . Prof. Allvar Gullstrand. 
 Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Count K. A. H. Morner, Vice-President. 
 Stockholm 
 
 SWITZERLAND. 
 
 University of Berne . . . Prof. Th. Studer. 
 University of Geneva . . . Prof. E. Naville. 
 Helvetic Society of Natural Sciences, 
 
 Berne 
 Federal Technical High School, Prof. P. Weiss. 
 
 Zurich 
 
 EGYPT. 
 
 University of Egypt, Cairo . . H.H. Prince Ahmed Fouad Pacha, Presi- 
 dent-Rector. 
 Gordon College, Khartoum . . Dr. James Currie, Principal. 
 
 JAPAN. 
 
 Imperial University, Tokio . . Prof. R. Fujisawa. 
 Imperial University, Kyoto . . Prof. Jisaburo Yokobori. 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
 University of California . . . Prof. H. C. Plummer. 
 
 University of Chicago . . . Prof. E. B. Frost. 
 
 Clark University, Worcester . . Prof. Arthur G. Webster. 
 
 Columbia University, New York . Dr. N. Murray Butler, President. 
 
 Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. . Prof. J. H. Comstock. 
 
 Harvard University . . . Prof. B. O. Peirce. 
 
 Johns Hopkins University, Balti- Prof. W. Bullock Clark. 
 
 more 
 
 Leland Stanford Junior University, Prof. Vernon L. Kellogg. 
 
 California 
 
 University of Michigan . . . Prof. William H. Hobbs. 
 
 University of Minnesota, Minnea- Dr. Arthur Hamilton. 
 
 polis 
 
 University of Pennsylvania, Phila- Dr. Edgar F. Smith, Provost. 
 
 delphia 
 
 University of Princeton, New Jersey Prof. John G. Hibben, President. 
 
250TH ANNIVERSARY 17 
 
 I'XITED STATES OF AMERICA continued. 
 
 University of Wisconsin . . Prof. Charles K. Leith. 
 
 Yale University .... Dr. Arthur Twining Hadley, President. 
 
 American Academy of Arts and Prof. Edwin H. Hall. 
 
 Sciences, Boston 
 Connecticut Academy of Sciences Prof. Ernest W. Brown, F.R.S. 
 
 and Arts 
 American Mathematical Society, Prof. H. B. Fine, President. 
 
 New York 
 American Philosophical Society, Prof. W. B. Scott, Vice- President. 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Franklin Institute, Philadelphia . Major G. O. Squier. 
 California Academy of Sciences, Mr. Joseph D. Grant. 
 
 San Fransisco 
 
 Carnegie Institution, Washington . Dr. R. S. Woodward, President. 
 National Academy of Sciences, Dr. Arnold Hague, Secretary. 
 
 Washington 
 Smithsonian Institution, Washing- Dr. Arnold Hague. 
 
 ton 
 Washington Academy of Sciences . Dr. L. O. Howard. 
 
 MEXICO. 
 National University of Mexico . Dr. G. C. Martinez. 
 
 BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS 
 AUSTRALIA. 
 
 University of Adelaide . . . Prof. H. Lamb, F.R.S. 
 
 University of Melbourne . . Prof. Henry Laurie. 
 
 University of Sydney, New South Prof. T. P. Anderson Stuart. 
 
 Wales 
 
 Royal Society of Tasmania, Hobart Dr. Gregory Sprott. 
 
 Royal Society of Victoria, Melbourne Mr. J. R. Hogg. 
 
 Royal Society of New South Wales, Mr. Charles Hedley. 
 
 Sydney 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 McGill University, Montreal . . Lord Strathcona, Chancellor. 
 
 Dr. W. Peterson, Principal. 
 
 University of Toronto . . . Mr,. R. A. Falconer, President. 
 Queen's University, Kingston, On- Prof. John Watson, 
 tario 
 
 c 
 
18 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS continued. 
 
 University of New Brunswick, Dr. C. C. Jones, Chancellor. 
 
 Fredericton, N.B. 
 
 University of Manitoba, Winnipeg Prof. Swale Vincent. 
 University of Ottawa . . . The Rev. Dr. Roy, Rector. 
 Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa . Sir Gilbert Parker, M.P. 
 
 Nova Scotian Institute of Science, Prof. J. G. MacGregor, F.R.S. 
 
 Halifax, N.S. 
 
 INDIA. 
 
 H.H. Maharaj Rana Sir Bhawani 
 
 Singh, Bahadur of Jhalawar, 
 
 K.C.S.I., Rajputana 
 
 University of Allahabad . . Rai Bahadur G. N. Chakravati. 
 
 University of Bombay . . . Dr. F. G. Selby, late Vice-Chancellor. 
 
 University of Calcutta . . . Prof. P. C. Ray. 
 
 University of Madras . . . Dr. A. C. Mitchell. 
 
 Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta Mr. G. H. Tipper, Hon. Secretary. 
 
 Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Col- Sir Theodore Morison, K.C.I.E. 
 
 lege of Aligarh 
 
 Indian Institute of Science . . Dr. M. W. Travers, F.R.S., Director. 
 
 SOUTH AFRICA. 
 
 University of the Cape of Good Hope Prof. A. H. MacKenzie. 
 
 Natal University College, Pieter- The Hon. J. C. Dove Wilson. 
 
 maritzburg 
 
 Royal Society of South Africa . Sir David Gill, K.C.B., F.R.S. 
 
 BRITISH ISLES 
 
 ENGLAND AND WALES. 
 
 University of Oxford . . . Dr. C. B. Heberden, Vice-Chancellor. 
 Wadham College Rev. P. A. Wright- Henderson, D.D., 
 
 Warden. 
 
 University of Cambridge . . Lord Rayleigh,O.M., F.R.S., Chancellor. 
 University of London . . . Dr. Wilmot Parker Herringham, Vice- 
 
 Chancellor. 
 
 University of Birmingham . . Sir Oliver Lodge, F.R.S., Principal. 
 University of Bristol . . Prof. Lloyd Morgan, F.R.S. 
 
 University of Durham (Armstrong Sir George H. Philipson, Vice-Chan- 
 College) cellor. 
 University of Leeds . . . Mr. M. E. Sadler, Pro-Chancellor. 
 
250TH ANNIVERSARY 
 
 19 
 
 BRITISH ISLES continued. 
 
 University of Liverpool . 
 University of Manchester 
 University of Sheffield . 
 
 University of Wales 
 
 Royal College of Physicians . 
 
 lloyal College of Surgeons 
 London Society of Antiquaries 
 British Academy 
 British .Museum 
 
 Chemical Society 
 Entomological Society 
 Geological Society 
 Geological Survey of Great 
 
 Britain 
 
 Institute of Chemistry 
 Institution of Civil Engi- 
 neers 
 Institution of 
 
 Engineers 
 Institution of Mechanical 
 
 Engineers 
 
 Iron and Steel Institute 
 Linnean Society 
 Lister Institute of Pre- 
 ventive Medicine 
 Mathematical Society 
 Mercers' Company 
 Mineralogical Society 
 Pharmaceutical Society 
 Physical Society 
 Royal Academy of Arts 
 Royal Agricultural Society 
 Royal Anthropological In- 
 stitute 
 
 Royal Army Medical College 
 Royal Astronomical Society 
 
 Prof. W. A. Herdman, F.R.S. 
 
 Sir Alfred Hopkinson, Vice-Chancellor, 
 
 Prof. W. M. Hicks, F.R.S., Acting 
 Vice-Chancellor. 
 
 Sir H. Reichel Vice-Chancellor. 
 
 Sir Thomas Barlow, Bart., F.R.S., Presi- 
 dent. 
 
 Sir Rickman J. Godlee, Bart., President. 
 
 Sir Charles H. Read, President. 
 
 Dr. A. W. Ward, President. 
 
 The Rt. Hon. The Speaker. 
 
 Sir F. G. Ken3'on, K.C.B., Director. 
 
 Dr. L. Fletcher, F.R.S., Director of 
 Natural History Museum. 
 
 Prof. P. F. Frankland, F.R.S., President. 
 
 The Rev. F. D. Morice, President. 
 
 Dr. A. Strahan, F.R.S., President. 
 
 Dr. J. J. H. Teall, F.R.S., Director. 
 
 Prof. R. Meldola, F.R.S., President. 
 Mr. R. Elliott-Cooper, Vice-President. 
 
 Electrical Mr. S. Z. de Ferranti, President. 
 
 Mr. E. B. Ellington, President. 
 
 Mr. Arthur Cooper, President. 
 
 Prof. E. B. Poulton, F.R.S. 
 
 The Rt. Hon. Sir H. E. Rosfcoe, F.R.S., 
 
 Chairman. 
 
 Dr. H. F. Baker, F.R.S., President. 
 Mr. Horace Cullen, Master. 
 Prof. W. J. Lewis, F.R.S. 
 Mr. C. B. Allen, President. 
 Prof. Arthur Schuster, F.R.S., President. 
 Sir Edward Poynter, Bart., President. 
 Lord Middleton, President. 
 Mr. Alfred P. Maudslay, President. 
 
 Col. B. Skinner, Commandant. 
 Mr. F. W. Dyson, F.R.S., President. 
 c. 2 
 
20 
 
 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 BRITISH ISLES continued. 
 
 London Royal Geographical Society Major Leonard Darwin, Vice-President. 
 
 Royal Horticultural Society Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., President. 
 
 Royal Institute of British Mr. Reginald Blomfield, President. 
 
 Architects 
 
 Royal Institution of Great Dr. Donald W. C. Hood. 
 
 Britain 
 
 Royal Meteorological So- Dr. H. N. Dickson, President. 
 
 ciety 
 
 Royal Microscopical- Society Mr. H. G. Plimmer, F.R.S., President. 
 
 Royal Society of Arts . Lord Sanderson, G.C.B., Chairman. 
 
 Royal Society of Medicine . Sir Henry Morris, Bart., President. 
 
 ,, Royal Statistical Society . Lord George Hamilton, G.C.S.I. 
 
 Royal United Service Insti- Col. Sir Lonsdale Hale. 
 
 tution 
 
 Zoological Society . . The Duke of Bedford, E.G., F.R.S., 
 
 President. 
 
 British Association for the Advance- Sir William Ramsay, K.C.B., F.R.S., 
 
 ment of Science President. 
 
 Cambridge Philosophical Society . Sir George Darwin, K.C.B., F.R.S., 
 
 President. 
 
 Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, Lord St. Levan. 
 
 Falmouth 
 
 Royal Observatory, Greenwich . Rear- Admiral H. E. Purey-Cust, 
 
 Hydrographer to the Navy. 
 
 Manchester Literary and Philo- Prof. F. E. Weiss, President. 
 
 sophical Society 
 
 Ordnance Survey, Southampton . Col. C. F. Close, Director-General. 
 
 Ashmolean Society of Oxford . Dr. A. A. Rambaut, F.R.S., President. 
 
 National Physical Laboratory . Mr. R. Kaye Gray. 
 
 Society of Chemical Industry . Dr. Rudolph Messel, F.R.S., President. 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 University of Aberdeen . 
 University of Edinburgh 
 University of Glasgow . 
 
 University of St. Andrews 
 Royal Society of Edinburgh 
 
 Rev. Dr. G. Adam Smith, Principal. 
 
 Prof. James Geikie, F.R.S. 
 
 Sir Donald MacAlister, K.C.B., Vice- 
 
 Chancellor. 
 Prof. J. C. Irvine. 
 Prof. A. Crum Brown, F.R.S. 
 
 Royal Philosophical Society of Prof. John Glaister, President. 
 Glasgow 
 
250TH ANNIVERSARY 21 
 
 BRITISH ISLES continued. 
 
 IRELAND. 
 University of Dublin (Trinity Prof. J. Joly, F.R.S. 
 
 College) 
 
 Royal Irish Academy, Dublin . Prof. J. A. McClelland, F.R.S., Secre- 
 tary. 
 
 Royal Dublin Society . . . Sir Howard Grubb, F.R.S., Vice-Presi- 
 dent. 
 
 Queen's University of Belfast . . Prof. J. Symington, F.R.S. 
 National University of Ireland, Dr. Alexander Anderson. 
 Dublin 
 
 On the evening of July 16th the 250th anniversary of the 
 Royal Society was celebrated by a Dinner held in the ancient 
 Guildhall of London, which was attended by 490 guests. Besides 
 the representative Delegates whose names are given in the fore- 
 going list (p. 13) the company included a large number of the 
 Fellows of the Society, several members of the Government, the 
 Ambassadors of France, Italy, and Japan, the Archbishops of 
 Canterbuiy and York, Cardinal Bourne, the Dean of Westminster, 
 the Moderator of the Church of Scotland, the Lord Chief Justice 
 of England, the Master of the Rolls, the Lord Justice Clerk of 
 Scotland, and representatives of literature, art, and science. After 
 the usual loyal toasts the toast of ' The Royal Society ' was given 
 by Mr. Asquith, the Prime Minister, and was responded to by the 
 President. The * Universities at Home and Abroad ' were pro- 
 posed by Viscount Morley, Lord President of the Council, and 
 responses were given by Professor Emile Picard, of the Institute 
 of France, Professor Waldeyer, of the University of Berlin, and 
 Professor Winkler, Rector of the University of Amsterdam. The 
 toast of the * Learned Societies in the Old World and the New ' 
 was proposed by His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, and 
 was replied to by the Marchese E. Paterno di Sessa, of the 
 Accademia dei Lincei, Rome, Prince Boris Galitzin, of the 
 Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg, and Dr. R. S. Woodward, 
 President of the Carnegie Institution, Washington. The last 
 toast, that of the ' City of London ', was proposed by Dr. Peterson, 
 Principal of McGill University, Montreal ; and, in the unavoidable 
 absence of the Lord Mayor of London, a reply was made by the 
 Right Honourable Sir T. Vezey Strong, the previous Lord Mayor. 
 
22 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 WEDNESDAY, JULY 17TH. 
 
 The morning of this day was set apart for visits to places of 
 interest in London, such as Lambeth Palace, Westminster Abbey, 
 the British Museum, Bloomsbury, the Natural History Museum, 
 South Kensington, and the Victoria and Albert Museum. 
 Arrangements were made by which the several parties of visitors 
 were conducted over these and other institutions, and the chief 
 features of each were pointed out by the resident officials. 
 
 In the afternoon the Duke and Duchess of Northumberland 
 gave a Garden Party at Syon House, their residence on the 
 Thames, to which the Delegates and Fellows of the Royal Society 
 with their ladies were invited. As the weather was brilliantly 
 fine, a large company assembled in the picturesque grounds and 
 enjoyed the summer beauty of an English park. 
 
 In the evening a Conversazione was held in the rooms of the 
 Royal Society at Burlington House, which was numerously 
 attended. Among the objects of interest presented on the 
 occasion attention was specially directed to the large collection of 
 portraits hung on the walls of the tea-room and meeting-room. 
 In the short handbook which was supplied to the company 
 a brief account of each picture was given. The portraits are 
 valuable not only as likenesses of eminent men who have been 
 connected with the Royal Society, but not a few of them also as 
 works of art. On the walls of the tea-room hang contemporary 
 portraits of Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, Robert Boyle, John 
 Wallis, John Wilkins, Christopher Wren, John Flamsteed, 
 Edmund Halley, John Locke, and other early Fellows of the 
 Society. The meeting-room contains portraits of more recent 
 Presidents. Among the exhibits shown on this occasion were 
 the apparatus devised by Mr. C. T. R. Wilson for making visible 
 the tracks of ionizing particles of vapour condensed upon the ions 
 set free along the paths ; and also some Cloud-photographs showing 
 the nature of the ionization produced by different kinds of rays. Sir 
 William Crookes exhibited his historical collection of Radiometers 
 and Otheoscopes. Mr. C. V. Boys showed his instrument for 
 experimenting with rotating soap-films. Some of the historical 
 relics in the possession of the Society were likewise displayed, 
 including Robert Boyle's air-pump, Huygens' aerial or tubeless 
 
250TH ANNIVERSARY 23 
 
 telescope, Newton's original account of his Reflecting Telescope, 
 dated January 1672, and some instruments that belonged re- 
 spectively to Christopher Wren, Joseph Priestley, Captain James 
 Cook, and Charles Darwin. 
 
 THURSDAY, JULY 18TH. 
 
 The arrangements for the morning were similar to those of the 
 morning of the previous day. In the afternoon, the President, 
 Council, and Delegates went by railway to Windsor, where, by 
 the King's command, they were first conducted to St. George's 
 Chapel and thence through the State apartments of the Castle, 
 where the visitors had an opportunity of seeing the treasures of 
 art collected by successive sovereigns of England. The whole 
 company was marshalled on the terrace overlooking the gardens, 
 the same geographical arrangement of the Delegates being 
 maintained as at the presentation of addresses in Burlington 
 House. The King and Queen then came down to the terrace, 
 and the President, Treasurer, and Secretaries of the Royal Society 
 were presented to their Majesties by the Lord Chamberlain. 
 The Delegates were then presented in succession to their Majesties 
 by the President. After the ceremony of presentation, the 
 company joined the large Garden Party which their Majesties had 
 invited to Windsor on the occasion, and the King and Queen, 
 conversing with their guests on the way, passed to the Royal Tent. 
 
 As the whole Celebration was to end on the evening of this 
 day arrangements were made for a series of farewell dinners, 
 smaller and less formal than the large banquet in the Guildhall, 
 when the hospitality could be mingled with more general 
 friendly intercourse. A number of the Fellows gave parties, at 
 which Delegates and the ladies accompanying them could see 
 a little of English homes. The other Delegates were entertained 
 by the Royal Society Club, a dining club connected with the 
 Society for some two hundred years. At these various parties much 
 pleasant conversation took place, the friendships which had been 
 begun on the previous days were further strengthened, and the 
 Fellows of the Royal Society bade their guests farewell with the 
 assurance that the Celebration had passed off as successfully as 
 could have been desired. 
 
24 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 The various functions arranged by the Royal Society were now 
 completed, but reference should be made to the sympathetic 
 action of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge in organizing 
 an additional day and inviting a considerable number of Foreign 
 and Colonial Delegates, together with a few Fellows of the Society, 
 to partake of the hospitality of these two ancient seats of learning. 
 On the morning of Friday, the 19th, two parties, about equal in 
 number, left London for Oxford and Cambridge respectively. At 
 Oxford the guests took luncheon at All Souls College, with the 
 Chancellor of the University, Lord Curzon, and the Warden and 
 Fellows as hosts. A garden-party in the afternoon at Wadham 
 was full of interest in connexion with the association of this 
 College with the early history of the Royal Society. The 
 Warden gave the visitors a brief address in the Lodge wherein 
 the meetings of the early founders of the Society were held when, 
 owing to the political troubles of the middle of the seventeenth 
 century, they could no longer be held in London. At Cambridge 
 similar hospitality was shown to the guests by the Master and 
 Fellows of St. John's College. 
 
 At both Universities Honorary Degrees were conferred on 
 a few of the more distinguished men who had attended the 
 Celebration of the Royal Society. As a permanent and interesting 
 record of the visits of this day, the Latin eloges pronounced by 
 the Public Orator of each University are here given. Those at 
 Oxford (by Mr. A. D. Godley) were as follow : 
 
 OXFORD 
 
 JONS OSCAR BACKLUND, Central Observatory, Poulkovo. 
 
 Hodie eos hospitio excipimus qui Regiam illam Societatem ducentos et 
 quinquaginta annos peractos celebrantem votis et gratulationibus salutatum 
 venerunt : quos igitur fautrix et altrix naturalis scientiae Universitas Oxo- 
 niensis oblata facultate quoad potest titulis exoptat ornare. Ex his primus 
 ad vos accedit qui antiquissimam omnium scientiam profitetur. Hie origine 
 Suecanus postea in Russiam invitatus migravit : ibi et aliarum turrium astris 
 observandis exstructarum et praecipue eius quae est apud Pulkowenses curam 
 suscepit. Quod si quid de studiis eius loqui audere possum, haec nomine certe 
 eos referre videntur qui longe aliam illi quidem scientiam e caeli motibus olim 
 deduxerunt : est enim mathematicus et mathematicas praesertim rationes 
 
250TH ANNIVERSARY 25 
 
 astronomiae adhibet. His artibus Enckiani illius cometae cursum et veloci- 
 tatem est emensus : propter quod insignissimo praemio Astronomica nostra 
 Societas hominem doctissimum ornavit. Nunc vero habet illud quoque 
 meritorum testimonium, quod Academiarum illius concilii, quod mox Petro- 
 poli conventurum esse audimus, Praeses est nuper electus. Praesento ergo 
 vobis JOHANNEM OSKAR BACKHAND, Turris Speculatoriae Principalis inter 
 Pulkowenses Curatorem, ut admittatur ad gradum Doctoris in Scientia, honoris 
 causa. 
 
 WALDEMAR C. BHOGGER, University of Christiania. 
 
 Eum ad vos duco qui ut geologicae scientiae nullum fere noil genus 
 tetigit, ita in rupium praecipue et saxorum structura atque elementis 
 scrutandis mirabilem peritiam atque eruditionem praestitit. Namque patriae 
 suae litorum et montium formas inspiciendo ea se cognitione imbuit ut 
 priscarum illarum terrae marisque mutationum velut imaginem exprimere 
 potuerit : quod qui scripta eius legerit, is glaciei paulatim recedentis tractus 
 et Oceani modo prolatos modo coartatos fines velut oculis praesens aspicere 
 videatur. Quid quaeritis ? nihil nisi eruditissime idem et disertissime exposuit : 
 novas rerum leges tulit et probavit : quamque alii in singulis geologiae parti- 
 bus diligentiam exercent hie toti illi scientiae adhibuit. Propter illud autem 
 vix minorem laudem mereri videtur, quod his studiis non otio et securitate 
 a ceteris curis remotum se dedit, sed curiae suae consiliis et regendae 
 Universitatis negotiis distractum atque occupatum. 
 
 Itaque cum nemo huius temporis in ea quam profitetur scientia cum maiore 
 laude sit versatus, id quod insigne illud Wollastonianum nuper ei a doctis 
 viris collatum testatur, praesento vobis WALDEMARUM CHRISTOPHORUM 
 BROGGER, Mineralogiae et Geologiae Professorem in Universitate Christianiensi, 
 Rectorem eiusdem Universitatis, ut admittatur ad gradum Doctoris in Scientia, 
 honoris causa. 
 
 WILLIAM B. Scorr, University of Princeton. 
 
 Quod in antiquiore orbis terrarum parte a viris magni nominis iam est factum 
 hie quern videtis in America cuius reipublicae civis est primus effecit. Nam 
 cum alii geologistae aliis scientiae suae partibus se dederint, hie illuc potissi- 
 mum incubuit ut quaenam fuerint ea saecla animantum exquireret quae terras 
 nondum in speciem quam videmus informatas colebant : vestigia eorum 
 e remotissima antiquitate conservata et inclusas ipsis rupibus reliquias 
 enucleavit et in lucem produxit : unde nos modo monstrorum magnitudinem 
 miramur modo notorum hodie animalium fontem atque originem agnoscimus. 
 Quibus rebus inveniendis multum laboris suscepit: immo in ipsa Patagonia, 
 qua terrarum regione nihil potest esse ab humanitate seiunctius, tres continues 
 habitavit annos. Nemo tenebras et crepuscula mundi latiore visu amplexus 
 est, nemo reperta in rationum formam prudentius composuit. Haec ut 
 
26 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 doctorum virorum consensu ita praecipue Geologicae nostrae Societatis iudicio 
 comprobantur : namque ea singular! honore et praemio ingeniosissimum 
 hominem nuper ornavit. Quare praesento vobis WILLELMUM BERRYMAN SCOTT, 
 Geologiae et Palaeontologiae Professorem Blairianum in Universitate Prince- 
 tonensi, ut admittatur ad gradum Doctoris in Scientia, honoris causa. 
 
 WILHELM WALDEYER, University of Berlin. 
 
 Quid est dignius quod ab academicis honoretur quam continuus vitae cursus 
 uno tenore scientiae finibus proferendis deditus ? Hie enim quern videtis ex 
 ineunte aevo in anatomiae studio elaboravit, cuius rei est hodie professor : 
 annum agimus quinquagesimum ex quo primura reperta sua litteris mandare 
 coeperat : neque postea ullus est secutus quin idem commentariis et libellis 
 edendis industriam suam atque eruditionem indicaret. In quo temporis spatio 
 permagnam rerum varietatem scribendo tractavit : modo ovorum partum et 
 generationem animalium, modo oculos et visus rationem studiis et investiga- 
 tionibus amplexus est : vix ullam denique quaestionem quae modo ad corporis 
 humani structuram pertineret intactam reliquit. Neque a doctis hominibus 
 tantum haec laudantur, sed et omnibus profuerunt : multum enim qui medendi 
 artem profitentur sunt huius lucubrationibus et consiliis adiuti. Praesento 
 ergo vobis WILLELMUM WALDEYER, Imperatoris Germanici in Medicina con- 
 siliarium, Anatomiae Professorem et Anatomici Collegii in Universitate 
 Berolinensi rectorem, ut admittatur ad gradum Doctoris in Scientia, honoris 
 causa. 
 
 PETER ZEEMAN, University of Amsterdam. 
 
 Hominem ingeniosissimum et multum experimentis ausum vobis praesento. 
 Et quoniam in hoc doctorum virorum consessu loqui posse mihi videor 
 liberius, quae praecipua fuerit eius famae causa paucis (advertite) docebo. 
 Nam cum ignis ardentis lumen per vitrum lineis distinctum ita transmitti 
 sciatis ut non omnes lineae sed secundum eius rei qua utitur naturam aliae 
 alias immisso lumine fulgeant : hie si vim magnetoelectricam igni adhibueris 
 commixtos una omnes spectri quod vocant colores in singulis lineis apparere 
 experiendo demonstravit. Hoc repertum maximi momenti ab iis haberi quibus 
 cura est primordia rerum quali natura praedita constent investigare, omnes 
 necesse est agnoscant. Itaque cum hie non modo in lucis ratione elaboraverit 
 verum etiam ad mundi totius naturae cognitionem multum contulisse videatur, 
 magnum inter omnes physicistas nomen et laudem consecutus est : neque est 
 quisquam dignior quern titulo aliquo hoc praesertim die ornemus. Praesento 
 igitur vobis PETRUM ZEEMAN, Physicae Professorem in Universitate Amstelo- 
 damensi, ut admittatur ad gradum Doctoris in Scientia, honoris causa. 1 
 
 1 Dr. Gabriel Lippmann, For. Memb. R. S. , President of the Academy of Sciences of 
 Paris, was to have been included among those who received Honorary Degrees, but the 
 sudden death of Professor Poincare recalled him at once to France. 
 
250TH ANNIVERSARY 27 
 
 CAMBRIDGE 
 
 The following are the speeches delivered by the Public Orator 
 (Sir John Sandys) in welcoming the Delegates, on their visit to 
 Cambridge, and in presenting to the CHANCELLOR (Lord Rayleigh) 
 the several recipients of honorary Degrees : 
 
 In ipso limine laudationum nostrarum, Societatis Regalis tot hospites illustres, 
 post sacra saecularia feliciter acta, Cantabrigiam hodie invisentes, Academiae 
 totius nomine iubemus salvere. Unumquemque igitur vestrum salutat et 
 Baconis et Newtoni et aliorum in scientia natural! aut olim aut nunc insig- 
 nium virorum Universitas. Dum tot scientiarum inter se diversarum cultores 
 illustres e tot orbis terrarum partibus ad litora nostra atque adeo Academiae 
 nostrae ad nemora hodie advectos intuemur, denuo nobis rata esse videntur 
 vetera ilia prophetae verba: 'plurimi pertransibunt, et multiplex erit scientia.' 1 
 Tot advenarum illustrium e numero placuit Senatui nostro nonnullos, gentium 
 inter se diversarum legates, scientiarum inter se diversarum antistites, velut 
 exempli causa, titulo nostro decorare, qui honos, vestrum omnium praesentia 
 illustratus, vestrum omnium, ut speramus, benevolentia comprobabitur. 
 
 EDWIN B. FROST, University of Chicago. 
 
 Dignissime domine, domine Cancellarie, et tota Academia 
 Primum omnium respublica maxima trans oceanum Atlanticum nobis 
 coniunctissima quasi nuntium quendam sidereum ad nos misit, qui lacus 
 maximi in litore astrophysica (ut aiunt) praeclare profitetur, lacus minimi in 
 margine speculae astronomicae celeberrimae praepositus. Ibi, astronomi prae- 
 clari, Societatis Regalis baud ita pridem Praesidis, vestigia secutus, stellas, 
 quae inerrantes vocantur, diligenter observavit, et spectri (ut dicitur) auxilio, 
 earum motus aut recedentes aut appropinquantes accurate computavit. Idem, 
 cum collegis optimis consociatus, stellas duplices atque etiam multiplices pluri- 
 mas detexit ; siderum denique illorum praesertim, quorum in aere helium inesse 
 comprobatum est, primus tarditatem quandam motus demonstravit. Astro- 
 nomo autem nostro, viro impigro, viro acerrimo, tarditatem mentis nemo 
 exprobrabit. Etenim, talium virorum auxilio, 'caelum ipsum petimus, 1 non 
 iam ' stultitia \ 2 sed sapientia ; atque, ut philosophi cuiusdam Romani verbis 
 utar, * cogitatio nostra caeli munimenta perrumphV 3 Duco ad vos scientiae 
 astrophysicae professorem illustrem, EDWIN BRANT FROST. 
 
 1 Liber Danielis prophetae, xii. 4. 
 
 2 Hor. Carm. i. 3, 38. 3 Seneca, De Otio, v. 6. 
 
28 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 MARQUIS E. PATERNO DI SESSA, University of Rome. 
 
 Ex Italia ad nos advectus est regni Italici Britannis amicissimi senator, 
 coronae Italicae eques clarissimus, qui, Palermi natus, Romae per annos 
 quadraginta scientiam chemicam experimentis suis luculeuter illustravit. 
 Peritis notum est hunc virum olim benzenii potissimum progeniem explorasse, 
 benzenii, quod matris baud pulchrae filiam, filiarum autem suavium et 
 pulchrarum matrem nominaverim. Notum est eundem postea corpora ex 
 fluorino, elemento illo impigro, composita, penitus investigasse ; in aliis denique 
 elementis, bromio praesertim et phosphoro liquido, particularum pondera 
 accuratius examinasse. Ceterum ha'ec omnia scientiae ad mysteria intima 
 pertinent, non a nobis vixdum initiatis divulganda. Etenim e scriptoribus 
 Romanis unus ait, * omnium rerum sunt quaedam in alto secreta ' ; l alter 
 autem, ' facilius natura intellegitur quam enarratur.' 2 Duco ad vos scientiae 
 chemicae professorem admodum nobilem, MARCHIONEM EMANUELEM PATERN& DI 
 SESSA. 
 
 IVAN PETROVITCH PAWLOW, Imperial Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg, 
 Foreign Member of the Royal Society. 
 
 Russorum ex imperio maximo, a nobis remoto sed studiorum communium 
 in vinculis vicino, ad nos venit physiologiae professor Petroburgensis, qui 
 ciborum digerendorum rationem universam exploravit, his studiis officinam 
 quandam dedicavit, physiologiae studiosorum scholam florentissimam fundavit. 
 Ut alia omittam, quam pulchre ostendit sucos illos, qui cibo concoquendo 
 inserviunt, non modo mentis motu vario etiam ipsos moveri et mutari, sed 
 etiam unicuique ciborum generi esse accommodatos, atque omnibus elementis 
 noxiis adversari et in contrariam partem fortiter contendere. Mentis quidem 
 certamen Prudentii in carmine quodam heroico narratum vidimus ; corporis 
 autem certamen, mentisque et corporis societatem intimam ab hoc viro 
 celebratam audivimus. Talium virorum ex studiis Cornelii Celsi praecepto 
 illi melius obtemperare possumus : ante omnia corporis sui naturam quisque 
 norit. 3 Duco ad vos physiologiae professorem egregium, IVAN PETROVITCH 
 PAWLOW. 
 
 CHARLES E. PICARD, of the Institute of France, Foreign Member of the Royal 
 Society. 
 
 Francogallorum respublica nobis vicina, et vinculis indies artioribus nobis- 
 cum coniuncta, hospitem ad nos misit mathematicum insignem, mathematici 
 insignis (olim cum studii eiusdem antesignanis Cantabrigiensibus consociati 4 ) 
 
 1 Plin. N. H. xvii. 29. 2 Seneca, Epp. 121, 11. 
 
 3 Celsus, De Medicina, i. 3, ' ante omnia norit quisque naturam sui corporis.' 
 * Charles Hermite was associated with Sylvester, Ferrers, Stokes, and Cayley as one of 
 the editors of the Quarterly Journal of Mathematics from 1857 to 1878. 
 
250TH ANNIVERSARY 29 
 
 et generum et operum eius editorem praestantissimum. Reipublicae autem 
 illi hodie propterea praesertim gratulamur, quod talium virorum consilium, 
 populi totius cum fructu, totiens expetit. Primum, abhinc annos quattuor et 
 viginti, praemium ex eadem studiorum provincia reportavit, quam in Scan- 
 dinavia Abelius primus illustraverat. Idem, scientiarum Academiae Parisiensi 
 nuper praepositus, quamquam argumentorum in genere quodam abstruso 
 versatur, stili lucidi lumine libros suos omnes illustravit. Testis est opus 
 praeclarum de scientiae statu hodierno ad sensum popularem accommodatum ; 
 testes sunt Analytica ilia, etiam a iuventute Britannica libenter perlecta; 
 testes etiam illae de methodi analyticae historia Angliae novae in Universitate 
 quadam nova nuper habitae orationes. Ergo in uno eodemque viro et 
 mathematici illustris et oratoris optimi habetis exemplar. Duco ad vos 
 studiorum analyticorum professorem eloquentem, CAROLUM AEMILIUM PICARD. 
 
 HEINRICH RUBENS, University of Berlin. 
 
 Germanorum ex imperio maximo, nobis utinam in perpetuum coniunctissimo, 
 ad nos perlatus est scientiae physicae in Universitate Berolinensi professor, qui, 
 luce cotidiana non contentus, etiam lucem illam, quae oculorum aciem fugit, 
 assidue exploravit. Lucem quidem universam ex undis constare electricis, 
 rationibus exquisitis ductus, Maxwellius noster olim praedixit ; idque et sui 
 ipsius et aliorum experimentis postea prorsus comprobatum est. Hie autem, 
 rem ipsam denuo aggressus, placitis Maxwellianis maxime congruus, lucis 
 undas longas est dimensus, illis quidem multo longiores quae erant antea 
 cognitae, sed illis aliquanto breviores quas vis electrica per artem adhibita 
 generare potuit. Sed, inter has duas undarum varietates penitus exploratas, 
 iam restat intervallum perbreve, quo sine dubio (fortasse per hospitem nostrum) 
 propediem expleto, Maxwellii nostri doctrina universa erit patefacta, et, inter 
 tot rerum naturae miracula, etiam lucis leges melius cognoscentur. Dixit 
 olim Miltonus noster, ' Lux sacra, salve, prima progenies Dei ' ; l et tu, salve, 
 lucis legum explorator indefesse. Duco ad vos scientiae physicae professorem 
 praeclarum, Regis sui consilio privato adscriptum, HENRICUM RUBENS. 
 
 J. E. B. WARMING, University of Copenhagen. 
 
 Regnum Danicum, Scandinaviae pars eximia, cum Britannia vinculis teneris 
 sed eisdem firmissimis coniuncta, misit scientiae botanicae professorem 
 emeritum, qui inter suos horto praefuit admirabilem in modum disposito et 
 ordinato. Idem non modo doctrinae botanicae orbem totum in libro quodam 
 eximio perlustravit, sed etiam, in aliis litterarum monumentis, partes eius 
 nonnullas aut ad Americam Australem aut ad zonae torridae miracula aut ad 
 Floram Arctoam pertinentes subtilius perscrutatus est. In ilia vero scientiae 
 
 1 Paradise Lost, iii. 1, ' Hail, holy Light ! offspring of Heav'n first-born.' 
 
30 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 tarn pulchrae provincia, quae oecologia nuncupatur, viarum novarum explora- 
 tor exstitit. Unde factum est, ut haec studiorum provincia, non modo in 
 regno Danico, sed etiam inter Francogallos, inter Germanos, in Helvetia, in 
 Britannia, inter populos denique mari Atlantico a nobis divisos, cultoribus indies 
 pluribus pateat. Non minus autem quam haec potissimum pars scientiarum 
 imturalium, talium rerum scientia tota munus sibi vindicavit locorum spatiis 
 universum atque adeo orbi terrarum toti conterminum. Ergo hospitibus nostris 
 omnibus, e tot orbis terrarum partibus ad nos hodie allatis, Historiae Naturalis 
 auctoris eruditissimi verba licet sibi confidenter arrogare: 'Non unius terrae sed 
 totius Naturae interpretes sumus. 1 1 Coronam nostram supremam accipit 
 Florae sacerdos venerabilis, EUGENIUS WARMING. 
 
 1 Plin. N. H. xviii. 214. 
 
I. THE ADDRESSES 1 
 EUROPE 
 
 AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 
 
 IMPERIAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, VIENNA 
 
 HOCHGEEHRTE GESELLSCHAFT ! Gerechter Stolz erfullt unsere Seele, wenn 
 wir die Errungenschaften auf dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften betrachten. 
 Von den geheimnisvollen Vorgangen in der Natur liegt ein grosser Teil 
 enthiillt vor unseren Augen. Wir verstehen nicht nur die grossartigen 
 Vorgange, die der Himmel uns darbietet, wir konnen sogar die Bewegungen 
 der unsichtbaren Atome beschreiben. Bis zu den Grenzen der Sichtbarkeit 
 konnen wir noch das organische Leben verfolgen, das so lange ungestort das 
 Dasein der Menschen gefahrdete. Unzahlige praktische Erfindungen waren 
 die Folge der wissenschaftlichen Errungenschaften, Erfindungen, welche fur 
 das Behagen, aber auch fur die Gesundheit der Menschen von hochstem Wer.t 
 sind, Erfindungen, rait denen wir Raum und Zeit besiegen. Die Erforschung 
 der Natur war aber auch ein grosser Gewinn fur die moralische Hebung des 
 Menschengeschlechtes, sie allein war es, die die Menge aus dunklem Aberglauben 
 befreite, die solchen Verirrungen wie Astrologie, Alchemic usf. ein Ende 
 setzte. Allergrossten Dank sind wir daher den Mannern schuldig, die durch 
 ihre Forschungen dieses Emporbluhen der Wissenschaft erzielten. Aber 
 wenn es auch seit jeher nicht an hervorleuchtenden Geistern fehlte, die 
 Kometen gleich Licht in die Finsternis strahlten : die neue Richtung brach 
 sich erst Bahn durch vereintes Streben. Als beim Untergang der Scholastik 
 in den Menschen allmahlich die Erkenntnis aufdammerte, dass das Studium 
 der Natur vor Tillem geeignet ist, unseren Geist zu befreien, da zog gerade 
 in England die neue Richtung zahlreiche Schiller an, die, indem sie in dem 
 Forschen nach Wahrheit den besten Trost fur die Wirren ihrer Zeit fanden, 
 sich zu regelmassiger gemeinsamer Arbeit verbanden und alle Teile der 
 Naturwissenschaft in Angriff nahmen. Das Ansehen und die Zahl dieser 
 Manner, im Anfange noch die ' Invisibles ', stieg rasch, indem ihre Mitbiirger 
 den Wert ihrer Studien fur den Fortschritt der Menschheit erkannten. 
 Konigliche Gnade erhob diese Gesellschaft 1662 zur Royal Society, ein Akt, 
 welcher der ganzen Welt Vorteil brachte, indem die Royal Society nunmehr 
 
 1 These are arrange:! in the same geographical order as the List of Delegates, pp. 13-21. 
 
32 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 durch 250 Jahre unermudlich immer neue Fruchte des Wissens zur Reife 
 brachte. Ihre Schriften enthalten die Bausteine unseres gesamten heutigen 
 Wissens, durch welche sie selbst und darnach die bewundernden Schwester- 
 akademien die Naturwissenschaften auf ihren heutigen Stand bringen konnten. 
 Eine der jimgsten Akademien, die dem Stern der Royal Society bewundernd 
 folgt, die kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, wiinscht der 
 Royal Society zu der 250. Wiederkehr ihres Stiftungstages, dass sie in 
 aller Zukunft ihres Bestandes sich erfreuen und fortfahren moge, eine Letichte 
 fur die Menschheit zu sein. 
 
 Wien, am 30. Juni 
 
 Das Presidium der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften : 
 
 E. VON BOHM-BAWERK, Prdsldent. 
 VIKTOR VON LANG, Vizeprasident, 
 FRIEDRICH BECKE, Generalsekretdr. 
 JOSEF VON KARABACEK, Sekretiir. 
 
 AMPLISSIMAE REGALI SOCIETATI LONDINI. Inter academias liberalium artium, 
 quae in rerum cognitione et scientiae pervestigatione vigent, Societas Vestra 
 principatum obtinet secundisque rerum proventibus antiquitus traditis ea 
 incrementa cepit, in quibus perquam raro alia collegia gloriari possint. Inde 
 ab ipsis cultus atque humanitatis quasi incunabulis clari et docti viri 
 Britannorum gentis societatem privatam constituerunt, quae postea tutela regis 
 Caroli II Regalis nuncupata est, ut non una aliqua in re elaboraret, sed 
 omnia, praecipue philosophiam, scientiae pervestigatione comprehenderet. 
 Gravitate et auctoritate sua iam a primordiis domi ad magnum et honoratum 
 ministerium indicis litterati et consiliarii rerum publicarum curatorum 
 producta est, foris vero editiones eius ab omnibus hominibus, qui in artibus 
 versantur, honorem consequuntur. Raro fit ut aliqua litterarum societas 
 per tarn longum tempus sit industria singulari, sicut Vestra, cui uni omnium 
 ducentesimum quinquagesimum diem natalem celebrare contigit. Qua ex re 
 concludi potest Societatem Vestram munere atque officio feliciter functam 
 esse, nam aliter sentire de societate, cui usus erat cunl luminibus doctrinae, 
 ut cum clarissimo Newton et cum viris doctis Halley, Simpson, Cavendish, 
 Wollaston, Priestley, Herschel, Davy et multis aliis, haud licet. Quamobrem 
 omnes viri docti de his sollemnibus gaudent, imprimis vero Croatarum 
 Universitas Zagrabiensis ex intimo corde amplissimae Regali Societati gratu- 
 latur, optatque ut in scientiae pervestigatione et in posterum fortuna prospera 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 33 
 
 utatur et quani maximos progressus in studiis facial. Senatus academicus 
 regiae litterarum Universitatis Francisco-Iosephinae. 
 
 Zagrabiae, die 9 luln 1912. 
 
 Rector: DR. JULIUS DOM AC. 
 
 Ab epistulis : FRANCISCUS PEVALEK. 
 
 IMPERIAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CRACOW 
 
 REGIA SOCIETAS, quae ducentos quinquaginta iam annos stat tanquam 
 columna ignea omnibus sive apud Britannos praeclaros sive apud reliquas 
 gentes scientiarum studiosis : quotiescunque difficiliores tractabant quaestiones, 
 indefesso praelucebat ardore, ut per tenebras et dubia pervenirent ad veritatis 
 contemplationem. Inter tot nationes, tot doctorum collegia et instituta, quae 
 gratissimam celeberrimae Societatis memoriam conservant, propter consilia 
 monitaque in scientiis colendis saepissime ab ea impertita, etiam antiquum 
 regnum Poloniae cum scholis suis et Academiis locum sibi debitum obtinet. 
 Itaque decet et convenit ut hoc die glorioso, communi laetitiae destinato, 
 quando Regia Societas cum superbia bene merita retrorsum per duo saecula cum 
 dimidio respiciet labores suos ac studia, etiam vox illius regionis audiatur quae 
 protulit Copernicum, utque iungatur chore mundano gratulatorum. Xeque 
 mirum videbitur, si muneri gratulandi celeberrimae Societati nomine nationis 
 Polonae totque generationum studiosorum ac doctorum incumbat detque 
 operam Academia Scientiarum Cracoviensis, non interruptae traditionis haeres 
 legitima et vera. Namque ruina libertatis politicae non inhibuit neque inter- 
 rupit apud Polonos studiorum progressum, erectio vero Imperialis Academiae 
 Scientiarum Cracoviensis, fundatae a Sua Maiestate, Imperatore Austriae Fran- 
 cisco losepho I, novarn et firmam addidit disciplinam et temperantiam antiquis 
 studiis, quae fere numquam cessavere durante regno Poloniae. Iam quadraginta 
 istis annis, qui praeterierunt ab eius institutione, Academia Cracoviensis, 
 imprimis vero eius Classis mathematico-physica multis re vera iungebatur vin- 
 culis Illustrissimae Regiae Societati turn quoad methodum indagationum melius 
 ediscendam turn ad clarius determinandum inceptorum operum finem ultimum. 
 Cuius rei testimoniis abundant tantum, quantum sat est, Academiae Cra- 
 coviensis Annales ; beneficia vero familiaris consuetudinis, concessa nostris 
 Academicis a nonnullis perquam illustribus membris Regiae Societatis his ultimis 
 decenniis quantum et quale fuerit, vere non poterit aestimari, nisi mutuum lit- 
 terarum commercium aliquando in medium proferatur. Itaque gratis animis 
 multiplices has relationes agnoscentes et revocantes Praeses ac Socii Imperialis 
 Academiae Scientiarum Cracoviensis, debitam manifestantes venerationem 
 suam hac occasione laetissima oblata et considerantes magnificam Societatis 
 Regiae historiam turn praeteritam turn praesentem, ex totis cordibus auguran- 
 tur ut historia futura non minus sit splendida utque novae scientiae humanae 
 
 D 
 
34 
 
 provinciae inveniantur omnibusque pateant utque Regia Societas per multa 
 adhuc saecula futura remaneat Britannis gloriosa ac splendens corona, aliis 
 nationibus auxiliatrix et adiutrix omnis generis studiorum, tandem fraternitatis 
 mutuae populorum exemplum vivificans, ut omnes se diligant et adiuvent in 
 Christo, qui est scientiarum fons vivus, numquam exhaustus. 
 Cracoviae, die XII lulii A. D. MCMXII. 
 
 BOLESLAW ULANOWSKI, Secretarius generalis. 
 FRIDERICUS ZOLL Sen., Vice Praesidis. 
 WLADYSLAW NATANSON, Secretarms, 
 
 Classls mathematico-physica. 
 EDWARD JANCZEWSKI, Director, 
 
 Classis matJiematico-physica. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF LEMBEEG 
 
 RECTOR ET SENATUS UNIVERSITATIS POLONIAE LEOPOLIENSIS Societati Regiae 
 Londinensi et vetustate et auctoritate primae inter Academias Scientiarum 
 in toto terrarum orbe salutem summaeque venerationis testimonium mittunt. 
 Inde ab illo Isaaco Newtonio et hodie collegium Vestrum inagno numero 
 virorum praestantissimorum ornatur, qui cum non unius populi, sed generis 
 humani sint praeceptores, Societas Regia quasi sol quidam doctrinarum 
 exstitit, cuius radii usque ad extremes cultus humanitatisque fines descendunt. 
 Ex eis quidem finibus orientalibus, sed ex terra quae Nicolao Copernico filio 
 suo gloriatur, accipite, Viri Illustrissimi, sollemnia semisaecularia quinta 
 Societatis Vestrae celebrantes, plurimam salutem nee non optima omina, 
 ut opera Vestra eodem atque adhuc modo etiam in tempus futurum uberrimos 
 fructus messemque opimam generi ferat humano. 
 
 Leopoli (Lemberg) in Austria, Galicia, die 1 lulii, Anno 191%. 
 
 L. FINKEL, 7i. t. Rector. 
 
 BOHEMIAN KARL-FERDINAND UNIVERSITY, PRAGUE 
 
 REKTOH A SEXAT CESKE UNIVERSITY KARLO-FERDINANDOVY v PRAZE pripojuji 
 se radostne k slavnosti vyznamneho dne, jimz Kralovska Spolecnost v Lon- 
 dyne oslavuje 2501ete vyroci sveho zalozeni. Pfi te pfilezitosti vzpominaji 
 nehynoucich zasluh, jez si Kralovska Spolecnost o rozkvet ved ziskala. Ona 
 prva postavila se v celo hnuti, jimz obrozeno badani ve vsech oborech ved 
 pfirodnich a v tomto smeru razila drahy od prveho sveho vzniku azdo doby 
 dnesni. V dobe, kdy v cechach rieprizni osudu a pohromami valecnymi 
 dohrobeny veskere mnohoslibne pocatky ku pesteni nauk, stalajiz Kralovska 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 35 
 
 Spolecnost v cele ruehu vedeckeho a dala podnet k zakladani jinych sesterskych 
 instituci Evropskych. I vzpomenouti dluzno onech prvych hlubokych myslitelu, 
 jiz postupem doby mystiku z vedy odstranovali, jakoz i neprehledne fady 
 onch slavnych badatelu, kteri v cele Kralovske Spolecnosti exaktnim a 
 biologick^m naukam nove smery vedecke prace urcovali. Na dnesnim pokro- 
 ku a na praktickych vymozenostech ved prirodnich ma Kralovska Spolecnost 
 nejvetsi podil ! Majice tedy stale na pameti velike ony zasluhy, jez si 
 Kralovska Spolecnost o rozkvet ved a tudiz i o prospech lidstva ziskala, 
 osvedcuji rektor a senat ceske university Kralovske Spolecnosti pocity sve 
 hluboke ucty a vaznosti, jakoz i sve uprimne blahopfani ku trvalym vysledkum 
 blahodarne jeji cinnosti. 
 
 v Praze, dne 1. Cervence 1912. 
 
 J. CELAKOVSKY, F. rector. 
 
 KAREL KADLEC, t. c. Dekanfakulty prdvnicJce. 
 
 RECTOR ET SENATUS CAES. REG. UNIVERSITATIS LITTERARUM CAROLEAE FER- 
 DINANDEAE PRAGENsis BoHEMiCAE Societati Regiae Londinensi. Ducentesima 
 quinquagesima natalicia Societatis vestrae quod sollemniter celebratis, gaude- 
 mus eaque sollemnia votis optimis prosequimur. Simul pia memoria illud 
 recolimus, quantopere Societas vestra de cultu ac flore scientiarum, ex quo 
 condita est, meruerit. Nam ilia prima tamquam dux eorum procedebat, 
 quorum opera studium in omnibus scientiarum naturalium generibus renatum 
 est, atque ita novas cogitandi vias per omne aevi sui spatium muniebat. 
 Quando temporum iniquitate bellicisque casibus omnia ferme felicia scientias 
 colendi initia in Bohemia extincta sunt, agmen virorum in doctrinis elaboran- 
 tium Societas vestra iam ducebat, effecitque ut aliae similes per Europae terras 
 conderentur societates. Atque in animum revocandi videntur cum primi illi 
 viri docti ingeniosi, qui procedente tempore superstitiones e doctrinarum 
 rationibus propellerent, turn innumerabiles illi rerum investigatores clarissimi, 
 qui Societati vestrae praepositi exactis quae dicuntur et biologicis disciplinis 
 velut novas vias docti laboris demonstrabant. Quod tantum ad hanc aetatem 
 naturales scientiae profecerunt quodque tantum fructum usus earum tulit 
 hominibus, haec maxima ex parte Societatis vestrae laus est existimanda. 
 Dum igitur memoria tenemus, quantopere Societas vestra de scientiarum 
 incremento et flore meruerit generisque humani commoda auxerit provexerit, 
 verecunde ac pie earn colimus suspicimus, quodque talia tamque utilia et 
 semper duratura effecit, sincere laetamur totoque animo vobis congratulamur. 
 
 Dabamus Pragae, capite regni Bohemiae, Jcalendis luliis anni MCMXII. 
 
 J. CELAKOVSKY, h. t. rector. 
 CAROLUS KADLEC, h. t. decanus facult. iuridicae. 
 D 2 
 
36 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 ROYAL HUNGARIAN UNIVERSITY, BUDAPEST 
 
 RECTOR ET SENATUS REGIAE SCIENTIARUM UNIVERSITATIS HUNGARICAE 
 BUDAPESTINENSIS Magnifico Praesidi Societatis Regalis Londinensis pro 
 Scientia Natural! promovenda S. P. D. Magnifice Domine, E litteris Vestris 
 ad nos perhumaniter datis maximo cum gaudio Vos die decima sexta et 
 duabus insequentibus diebus mensis lulii a. c. Societatis Vestrae, a Carolo 
 Secundo rege Vestro constitutae, feliciter peracti anni ducentesimi quin- 
 quagesimi sollemnia celebraturos esse legimus. Gratias Vobis agimus, viri 
 praestantissimi, quod laeto cum hoc nuntio ad has Ferias saeculares nos 
 quoque benignissime familiarissimeque invitatos esse volueritis. His festis 
 per legatum nostrum publice missum Dominum Dr em ISIDORUM FROHLICH, 
 Consiliarium Aulicum Reg. Hung., Rectorem huius temporis Universitatis 
 Nostrae Magnificum gratulationes nostras, caritatem votaque testamur, ex 
 animi sententia optantes ut per sequentia quoque saecula Societas Vestra 
 floreat et crescat. Haec vero charta sigillo Universitatis munita in tabulario 
 Societatis Vestrae deposita, perenni sit documento, quam sincere voluerit 
 particeps esse gens nostra Hungarica inter populos celeberrimos culturae 
 humanae diebus festis humanitatis et quam ardenter Vobis omnia bona 
 faustaque precata sit. 
 
 Dabamus Budapestini in Capite Regni Hungarian, die trigesima mensis 
 lunii a. D. millesimo nongentesimo duodecimo. 
 
 DR. ISIDORUS FROHLICH, h. t. Rector. 
 
 DR. ANTONIUS MARGITARY, Regis ConsiL, Senatus Notarius. 
 
 BELGIUM 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF LOUVAIN 
 
 A MONSIEUR LE PRESIDENT ET A MESSIEURS LES MEMBRES DE LA SOCIETE 
 ROYALE DE LONDRES. Messieurs,L'Universite Catholique deLouvain, qui garde 
 le souvenir reconnaissant de la participation des Societes savantes a ses propres 
 fetes jubilaires, estheureuse aujourd'hui d'offrir, a son tour, a la Societe Royale 
 de Londres, ses vives felicitations a Foccasion de la celebration solennelle du 
 250 me anniversaire de sa fondation. II n'est pas une Institution scientifique 
 qui puisse se glorifier d'un passe plus brillant et plus fecond. Dans le domaine 
 des sciences physiques et mathematiques comme dans celui de la biologie, 
 la Societe Royale s'est dignement acquittee de la mission que lui confia son 
 Auguste Fondateur : elle a ete un puissant facteur du progres des sciences 
 naturelles. Elle s'est acquis de la sorte un droit incontestable aux suffrages 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 37 
 
 de tous les Corps savants. LUniversite de Louvain forme les voeux les plus 
 ardents pour la prosperite toujours croissante de cette illustre Societe ; Vivat ! 
 Crescat ! Floreat ! Au nom du Conseil Rectoral, 
 
 Le Recteur, P. LADEUZE. 
 Le Secretaire, J. VAN BIERVLIET. 
 Louvain, le 27 Juin 1912. 
 
 ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, BRUSSELS 
 
 A LA SOCIETE ROYALE DE LONDRES. Monsieur le President, Sir ARCHIBALD 
 GEIKIE, Associe de 1'Academie royale de Belgique, Vous voulez bien porter 
 a la connaissance de TAcademie royale de Belgique que la Societe 
 royale de Londres, fondee, en 1645, par un groupe de savants, en vue du 
 progres de la science dans le Royaume-Uni, constituee en association des 
 1660, et investie le 15 juillet 1662, par le Roi Charles II, d'une Charte de 
 corporation, celebrera le 16 juillet de Tannee actuelle son deux cent cinquan- 
 tieme anniversaire. Vouz invitez, en meme temps, on ne peut plus confra- 
 ternellement, 1' Academic royale de Belgique a cette commemoration d'une si 
 haute importance pour la science, en general, de tous les pays qui s'occupent 
 de la culture des connaissances humaines en tete desquelles sont TAstronomie 
 et votre immortel Newton. L' Academic royale de Belgique est on ne peut 
 plus flatte'e de cette gracieuse invitation de la Societe royale pour laquelle 
 elle professe la plus grande admiration, non seulement pour ses membres si 
 illustres, mais aussi pour les travaux dont ils ont enrichi la science europeenne 
 pendant les deux siecles et demi ecoules de votre celebre Societe. Ce n'est 
 pas d'hier, illustre Confrere, que nous apprecions la haute valeur scientifique 
 de la Societe royale et sa valeur morale. Lors de son retablissement par le 
 Roi Guillaume I er , en 1816, le premier soin de TAcademie royale de Belgique 
 fut de demander a la Societe royale de Londres 1'echange de ses publica- 
 tions avec vos celebres Philosophical Transactions. La collection que nous 
 possedons de ces Transactions remonte a Tannee 1777 ; elle constitue le 
 plus beau joyau de notre bibliotheque, au meme titre que les publications de 
 I 1 Academic des sciences de Paris. C'est un tresor inestimable qui fait con- 
 stamment Tadmiration des savants qui y ont recours pour leurs travaux. Ils 
 sont legion les membres de la Societe royale que 1'Academie royale de 
 Belgique a eu Thonneur de compter comme associes depuis 1816. Et leurs 
 noms sont deja entoures parmi nous, comme en Angleterre, de Taureole de la 
 gloire : Charles Babbage, Sir John William Herschel, Pierre Barlow, Sir James 
 South, Sir Edward Sabine, John Barrat, John Taylor, Robert Brown, Sir 
 David Brewster, Michael Faraday, Sir Richard Owen, Sir Charles Wheatstone, 
 Sir George Biddell Airy, Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, Sir Charles Lyell, 
 
38 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 Thomas Davidson, Charles Robert Darwin, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Andrew 
 Crombie Ramsay, Thomas Henry Huxley, Lord Kelvin, John Tyndall, James 
 Prescott Joule, Sir Joseph Prestwich, Arthur Cayley, James Joseph Sylvester, 
 Sir William Henry Flower. D'autre part, c'est un reel honneur pour nous de 
 voir encore figurer dans nos rangs Sir George-Howard Darwin, Sir James 
 Dewar, Sir Edwin Ray Lankester, Sir John Murray et vous meme, Sir 
 Archibald Geikie, le si distingue president actuel de la Societe royale. II 
 nous est ^impossible, Sir, dans le cadre de cette Adresse de felicitations, de 
 citer tous les travaux de votre Societe, meme les plus celebres. Et cependant 
 1'Academie royale de Belgique aurait ete si heureuse d'en parler, surtout de 
 ceux qui, depuis le commencement du xvn me siecle, ont fait progresser les 
 sciences d'une maniere si prodigieuse. D'aussi celebres souvenirs et un aussi 
 memorable passe, dont la Belgique, comme toute TEurope scientifique, a 
 profite, sont le plus sur garant d'un avenir qui sera aussi illustre pour la 
 Societe royale de Londres. L'Academie royale de Belgique souhaite a la 
 Societe royale d'acquerir encore de nouveaux titres a la reconnaissance de 
 Thumanite. Puisse-t-elle, a tout jamais, pour le bien de celle-ci, continuer 
 a tenir avec 1'Academie des sciences de Paris le sceptre de la science qui 
 constitue le flambeau de la verite. Quant a Lord Lister, 1'Academie, au nom 
 de toute la Belgique, s'associe au deuil de 1'Angleterre au sujet de la mort de 
 Tillustre chirurgien. Telle est 1'expression des sentiments de 1'Academie 
 royale de Belgique, que Tun de ses membres, M. Dollo, s'est engage a vous 
 apporter de notre part. 
 
 Bruxelks, le 16 juillet 1912. 
 
 Le Secretaire perpetuel, LE CHEVALIER EDMOND MARCHAL. 
 
 DENMARK 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN 
 
 UNIVERSITAS HATJNIENSIS REGALI SOCIETATI S. P. D. Duo iam saecula et 
 dimidium Regalis Societas ita egit, ut egregium illud dictum, quod vexillo 
 suo inscripsit, semper summa cum fide exsequeretur. Eo tempore exorta, 
 quo nihil fere praeter ecclesiam in lumine erat, praecipueque Naturalium 
 Rerum Scientia crassa superstitionis caligine obfuscabatur, hoc sibi proposuit, 
 ut novam et veram philosophiam naturalem in lucem duceret, experiendi arte 
 fultam et ingenua inquirendi ratione procedentem. Libera, a nullius gratia 
 pendens, nullo auxilio externo munita, incrementum sensu cepit et robur, 
 dum socii, scientiam ipsius causa ardentibus animis amantes, infatigabili 
 studendi vigore provehuntur veritatemque ex tenebris nebulisque eliciunt, 
 minime eo deterriti, quod labores, quibus operam suam impendebant, saepius 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 39 
 
 spes suas fallere nullumque profectum promittere videbantur. Procedente tern- 
 pore non raro apparuit, ea quoque, quae primo aspectu vana et sterilia esse 
 videbantur, uberes et inexhaustos fontes aperuisse. Quod vere dictum est, 
 Anglorum nationem non victoriis terras expugnando coloniasque late per 
 orbem condendo potius quam naturam suae terrae sibi subiciendo magnam et 
 illustrem factam esse, quodque nulla cuiquam relinquitur dubitatio quin 
 accrescens Rerum Naturalium Scientia toti generi humano immane quantum 
 profuerit, Regalis Societas merito gloriari potest, tarn hanc patriae laudem 
 quam illas communis hominum vitae utilitates magnam partem viris deberi 
 quos in sociorum numero habuerit. Ingenuo et grato animo eorum beneficio- 
 rum memoriam retinens, quae bonarum artium studia huic Societati deberft 
 quae ipsa princeps condita postea multis aliis eiusdem generis societatibus 
 originem dedit et normam, Universitas Hauniensis Regali Societati CCL annos 
 gloriose exactos gratulatur, sperans fore ut futura eius tempora digna prae- 
 teritis saeculis luce fulgeant. 
 
 FRANCISCUS BUHL, h. a. Rector Uuiversitatis. 
 
 ROYAL DANISH SOCIETY or SCIENCE, COPENHAGEN 
 
 TIL ROYAL SOCIETY i LONDON. Grundlseggelsen af Royal Society for 
 250 Aar siden var en Begivenhed, som ogsaa nu med allerstorste Paaskonnelse 
 maa mindes af enhver, som glaeder sig over den Hojde, hvortil Nutidens Natur- 
 videnskab har haevet sig. Ved dets Stiftelse lagdes nemlig Grunden til store 
 Laere : Bygninger, som siden den Tid ere voksede op, og som ere i Stand til at 
 baere kommende Tiders rige Arbejder. Uforglemmelige i Videnskabens His- 
 toric ere de hver paa sit Omraade fremragende Maend, der samledes fbrst i en 
 mere privat Kreds og dernaest i det af dem grundlagte Selskab for at fore- 
 tage naturvidenskabelige Forsog i et Omfang og med en Planmaessighed, som 
 ikke var kendt i tidligere Tider. Om den store Betydning af det Samarbejde 
 mellem indenlandske og udenlandske Medlemmer, som Royal Society straks 
 bragte tilveje, vidner den Brevveksling, som med det som Mellemled fortes 
 mellem Newton og Leibniz, og som indeholder de vigtigste Dokumenter 
 vedrorende Infinitesimalregningens Tilbliven. Endelig var det under dette 
 Selskabs Auspicier, at Newton nogle Aar senere, kraftig tilskyndet af dets 
 ovrige Medlemmer, udgav sine Principia. Disse faa Traek vise den Hoved- 
 andel, som Royal Society i sine fbrste Decennier havde i Grundlaeggelsen af 
 den moderne Mathematik, Fysik og Astronomi ; men tidlig udstraktes dets 
 initiativrige og frugtbringende Virksomhed ligeledes til de andre Omraader 
 af Naturvidenskaben, og ogsaa efter Udskillelsen af Selskaber med mere 
 specielle Formaal er Royal Society vedblevet at vaere Centralorganet for den 
 britiske Nations naturvidenskabelige Arbejde, der har haft og bestandig har 
 en saa fremragende Andel i de store Fremskridt paa alle Naturvidenskabens 
 
40 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 Omraader. Som Repraesentant for det mere beskedne Arbejde i de samme 
 Retninger, som gores af en langt mindre, men beslaegtet Nation, tager det 
 Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab levende Del baade i den almin- 
 delige Tak for alt det, som er ydet og den Dag i Dag bliver ydet gjennem 
 Royal Society, og i Onsket om en Fremtid, der svarer til dets Fortid 
 og Nutid. 
 
 I det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Juli 1912. 
 
 President VILH. THOMSEN. 
 Sekretaer H. G. ZEUTHEN. 
 
 FRANCE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF PARIS 
 
 L'UNIVERSITE DE PARIS AU PRESIDENT, AU CoNSEIL ET AUX MEMBRES DE LA 
 
 SOCIETE ROYALE DE LoNDRES. LTUniversite de Paris est heureuse de se faire 
 representer aux fetes donnees par la Societe Royale de Londres a Toccasion 
 du deux cent cinquantieme anniversaire de sa fondation. Ce fut un jour 
 memorable que celui ou le roi Charles II transforma en Societe Royale le club 
 ou se reunissaient chaque semaine quelques curieux de la methode experimen- 
 tale. Le programme de votre Charte etait de developper la nouvelle philo- 
 sophie, comme on disait alors, c'est-a-dire la connaissance de la nature au 
 moven de Inexperience. Votre Societe est toujours restee fidele a son premier 
 but, et Thistoire de la Science montre avec quel eclat vous avez contribue au 
 developpement de ce que vous appelez encore aujourd'hui la philosophic 
 naturelle. On ne peut se reporter aux premiers temps de votre fondation 
 sans evoquer le souvenir de celui qui fut pendant vingt-quatre ans votre 
 president, et dont un de vos poetes a dit eloquemment que c'est un honneur 
 pour le genre humain qu'un tel homme ait existe. Toute louange palit a 
 cote du nom d'Isaac Newton. II n'est pas une branche des sciences physico- 
 mathematiques et des sciences naturelles qui n'ait etc enrichie par les travaux 
 des membres de votre Compagnie. John Dalton et Humphry Davy comptent 
 parmi les fondateurs de la chimie moderne, et les decouvertes de Faraday et 
 de Maxwell en electricite ont eu d'immenses consequences. Toute une philo- 
 sophie se rattache au nom de Charles Darwin, dont les admirables et patientes 
 observations ont mis en evidence d'importants facteurs de 1'evolution des etres 
 vivants. Dans le grand labeur jamais termine, par lequel s'edifie peu a peu la 
 Science, chaque nation apporte sa mentalite particuliere. Vos savants restent 
 toujours soucieux des details et des applications. Quel bel exemple a donne 
 un grand physicien, comme Lord Kelvin, dont 1'esprit puissant, capable des 
 speculations les plus elevees sur la thermodynamique et la theorie des atonies- 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 41 
 
 tourbillons, s'attachait en merae temps aux questions pratiques de la naviga- 
 tion et de la telegraphic transatlantique ! II fut aussi des votres, Tillustre 
 Lord Lister qui, en s'inspirant des doctrines pastoriennes, a cree une methode 
 de pansement bouleversant la chirurgie, et s'est ainsi place parmi les bien- 
 faiteurs de 1'humanite. La Science est dans une perpetuelle evolution. Les 
 faits et les principes qui paraissent les mieux etablis restent toujours sujets a 
 revision. Mais, pour les reviser, il faut parfois une singuliere audace. Elle 
 ne vous a pas manque. Pres d'ici, des gaz nouveaux, Targon et ses conge- 
 neres, out ete extraits de 1'air atmospherique tant de fois analyse par les plus 
 illustres chimistes. (Test dans un laboratoire anglais que fut repris recem- 
 ment Tantique probleme de la transmutation des elements et que la trans- 
 formation du radium en helium a ete etablie ; ce souvenir, ou sont associees la 
 science anglaise et la science francaise, est particulierement cher a PUniversite 
 de Paris. La part aussi est considerable qui revient aux savants de votre 
 pays dans les vues nouvelles sur les theories electroniques de la matiere. 
 Depuis deux cent cinquante ans, 1'influence de la Societe Royale n'a cesse de 
 grandir. Ses Proceedings et ses Transactions comptent parmi les journaux 
 scientifiques les plus renommes et vont porter au loin le temoignage de votre 
 activite. Quelle gratitude tous les savants ne doivent-ils pas a la Societe 
 Royale pour son Catalogue of Scientific Papers pendant le xix e siecle, 
 entreprise immense, devenue internationale pour le siecle actuel, mais dont 
 vous avez conserve la haute direction. C'est encore a votre initiative qu'est 
 due la creation de P Association internationale des Academies ; grace a vous, 
 le projet, digne du chancelier Bacon, d'une Academic Universelle ouverte a 
 toutes les nations est devenu une realite. Vous vous etes toujours preoccupes 
 du role social que doivent jouer les Societes savantes. II n'est pas en Angle- 
 terre une grande entreprise, ayant un caractere scientifique, sur laquelle vous 
 n'ayez ete consultes, ou dont vous n'ayez suggere la creation. Qu'il nous 
 suffise de rappeler, pour des temps recents, le Laboratoire national de Phy- 
 sique, du a Tinitiative de votre Conseil, et qui reste place sous son controle 
 direct. Un passe si brillant repond de Tavenir de la Societe Royale. L'Uni- 
 versite de Paris lui apporte cordialement ses felicitations pour tant d'oeuvres 
 accomplies. Puissent toujours ses membres, rassembles pour Pavancement de 
 la connaissance de la nature, suivant les termes de votre Charte deux fois et 
 demie seculaire, continuer a travailler pour le progres des sciences et la gloire 
 de TAngleterre. 
 
 Paris, k 16juillet 1912. 
 
 Le Vice-Recteur, President du Conseil de FUniversite de Paris, 
 
 L. LIARD. 
 
 Le Professeur deltgue de TUniversite de Paris, EM. PICARD. 
 
42 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 MESSIEURS ET CHERS CONFRERES, Parmi les vceux que vous recevez de tous 
 cotes, a Toccasion de la celebration de votre deux cent cinquantieme Anniver- 
 saire, vous distinguerez, nous en sommes assures, ceux que 1' ACADEMIE DBS 
 SCIENCES DE PARIS nous a charges de vous presenter en son nom. Vous 
 connaissez de longue date les sentiments qui nous animent, Taffection que 
 nous vous portons, 1'admiration profonde que nous eprouvons pour vos 
 travaux. Ces sentiments remontent a nos premieres origines. Notre Aca- 
 demic et votre illustre Societe ont eu des destinees a peu pres pareilles. L'une 
 et Tautre ont ete etablies par les amis de la science, longtemps avant d'etre 
 reconnues par le gouvernement de leur pays. Des le debut du xvn e siecle, 
 nos savants de Paris avaient pris 1'habitude de se reunir periodiquement, pour 
 se proposer des problemes de mathematiques, pour faire des experiences, pour 
 discuter les grandes questions scientifiques que susciterent les decouvertes 
 de Kepler et de Galilee. Vers la meme epoque, vos philosophes, vos savants, 
 dont plusieurs vinrent nous rendre visite, se reunissaient a Londres et a Oxford 
 pour s'occuper, comme les notres, d'experiences et de recherches scientifiques. 
 Lorsque ces assemblies qui se tenaient dans 1'un et 1'autre pays commencerent 
 a y etre connues, elles ne tarderent pas a recevoir 1'investiture officielle. 
 Charles II vous donnait votre premiere Charte en 1662. Quatre ans apres, 
 en 1666, notre Academie recevait la sienne des mains de Louis XIV et de 
 Colbert, ' ce ministre porte de lui-meme aux grands desseins ', en meme temps 
 qu'etait decidee la creation de TObservatoire de Paris. Nos commencements 
 se ressemblent a plusieurs egards. Par exemple, dans cette premiere partie 
 de leur carriere, nos Academies ont, Tune et 1'autre, compte parmi leurs 
 membres d'eminents medecins. II est vrai que les travaux de Newton n'ont 
 pas tarde a illuminer vos debuts d'un eclat incomparable ; notre Academie 
 peut revendiquer du moins 1'honneur d'avoir poursuivi et complete Tceuvre 
 de ce grand horn me. D'Alembert, Clairaut, Laplace, Lagrange figureront 
 dignement a cote des successeurs que vous avez donnes a Newton dans 
 Tachevement de la plus glorieuse conquete qu'ait jamais faite Tesprit humain. 
 Cette union feconde de nos recherches s'est maintenue jusqu'a nos jours. 
 Lorsque, vers la fin du xvin 6 siecle, Lavoisier a jete les bases de la Chimie 
 moderne, ses travaux ont ete etroitement meles a ceux de Priestley et de 
 Cavendish. Au siecle qui vient de finir, et pour ne parler que de ceux qui ne 
 sont plus, la posterite reunira dans une admiration commune les noms de 
 quelques-uns de nos confreres, et ceux a jamais illustres d'Herschel, de 
 Dalton, de Faraday, de Darwin, de Lord Kelvin, de Sylvester, de Cayley, 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 43 
 
 cTAdams, de Maxwell, d'Huggins, de Lord Lister. Quelque incomplete 
 qu'elle puisse etre, cette enumeration montre bien que, tout en conservant 
 Fempreinte de Newton, tout en vous attachant a cultiver cette science 
 maitresse a laquelle il a donne le beau nom de philosophic naturelle, vous 
 n'avez neglige aucune branche du savoir humain. La methode qui vous 
 a guides peut etre aisement definie en quelques mots : Nullius in verba, telle 
 a ete la devise que la Societe royale a toujours appliquee dans les travaux que, 
 depuis sa fondation, Elle n'a cesse d'accomplir pour le developpement et 
 Taccroissement des sciences de la Nature. En repandant ainsi, en faisant 
 connaitre par vos propres recherches et par les directions que vous donnez, 
 cette methode scientifique que le Chancelier Bacon avait preconisee avec tant 
 de force et d'autorite, que Newton avait illustree dans ses Principia et dans 
 son Optique, vous avez rempli avec eclat la partie essentielle de la tache qui, 
 de tout temps, a ete devolue aux Societes Savantes ; mais votre action s'est 
 etendue plus loin encore et vous nous avez donne, sur d'autres points, des 
 exemples que tous doivent s'efforcer d'imiter. Rattaches a votre gouvernement 
 par des liens quelque peu laches, qui vous assurent une independance a peu 
 pres complete, vous avez tenu neanmoins a lui rendre tous les services qu'un 
 grand pays peut attendre d'une Societe Savante. Vous lui pretez votre 
 concours pour la distribution des subventions aux recherches scientifiques, 
 pour la direction de TObservatoire de Greenwich, du Laboratoire national 
 de physique, pour 1'etude des maladies tropicales qui se rencontrent dans 
 votre Empire, le plus vaste que le monde ait jamais connu ; vous provoquez, 
 vous sollicitez sa cooperation pour les expeditions maritimes et scientifiques, 
 pour les decouvertes geographiques, pour 1'etude des tremblements de terre, 
 de 1'Ocean dans ses profondeurs, et pour bien d'autres objets que nous 
 renoncons a enumerer. Tant de travaux, tant de preoccupations sont loin 
 d'epuiser votre activite; et Ton vous a toujours trouves animes d'un esprit 
 large et vraiment liberal, prets a susciter et a faire vivre ces associations 
 internationales qui sont appelees a prendre une place de plus en plus bienfai- 
 sante dans le developpement et dans la vie de Fhumanite. Naguere, vous 
 cooperiez avec nous a la creation de TAssociation Internationale des Academies ; 
 vous avez voulu diriger vous-memes une des entreprises les plus difficiles qui 
 aient jamais ete tentees : nous voulons parler du Catalogue international de 
 litterature scientifique^ qui a ete deja, et qui sera plus encore dans Tavenir, 
 si utile, si necessaire aux chercheurs de tous les pays. Les services que vous 
 avez ainsi rendus a votre pays, a la science et a Thumanite meritent le respect 
 et Tadmiration que vous apportent aujourd'hui tant de voix autorisees, 
 auxquelles nous sommes heureux de joindre les notres. Puissiez-vous prosperer 
 longtemps encore pour servir d'exemple a nos Societes Savantes, pour offrir 
 a votre pays et aux savants de toutes les nations une moisson de plus en plus 
 ample de ces decouvertes qui sont marquees au coin de toutes les qualites, 
 du genie de votre race ! tel est le voeu bien cordial et bien sincere que vous 
 
44 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 presentent en ce jour vos confreres, permettez-nous de dire vos amis, de 
 T Academic des Sciences de Paris. 
 Le 15juilkt 1912. 
 
 GABRIEL LIPPMANN, President. 
 
 FELIX GUYON, Vice-President. 
 
 GASTON DARBOUX, Secretaire perpttuel pour les 
 
 Sciences mathematiques. 
 
 PHILIPPE VAN TIEGHEM, Secretaire perpttuel pour les 
 
 Sciences physiques. 
 
 OBSERVATORY, PARIS 
 
 LE DlEECTEUR DE L'OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS A MONSIEUR LE PRESIDENT 
 
 DE LA SOCIETE ROYALE DE LONDRES. Monsieur le President, En nVinvitant 
 a assister a vos fetes, vous avez voulu honorer TObservatoire de Paris, dont 
 trois directeurs, J.-D. Cassini, Arago, Le Verrier, ont ete associes etrangers 
 de la Societe Royale. Parmi les grands noms qui, dans tous les ordres des 
 sciences, ont illustre votre Societe, ceux des astronomes, avec Bradley, Newton, 
 Herschel et tant d'autres, brillent aux tout premiers rangs. L'Observatoire 
 de Paris est heureux de leur rendre hommage, et d'exprimer a la Societe 
 Royale, avec ses remerciments pour Thonneur qui lui est fait, sa profonde 
 admiration. 
 
 B. BAILLAUD, Directeur de rObservatoire de Paris. 
 
 FRENCH SOCIETY OF PHYSICS, PARIS 
 
 LA SOCIETE FRANCAISE DE PHYSIQUE A LA SOCIETE ROYALE DE LONDRES 
 a 1'occasion du deux cent cinquantieme anniversaire de sa fondation. A 
 MONSIEUR LE PRESIDENT DE LA SOCIETE ROYALE DE LONDRES. Monsieur le 
 President, La Societe Francaise de Physique vous exprime ses bien vives 
 felicitations a 1'occasion de la celebration du deux cent cinquantieme anniver- 
 saire de la fondation de la Societe Royale de Londres. Ces deux siecles et 
 demi de fecond labeur, que nous celebrons aujourd'hui, ont magnifiquement 
 accru, par leurs riches moissons de decouvertes, le patrimoine universel de 
 la Verite et de la Science. Votre illustre Compagnie a eu Fheureuse pensee 
 de convier les Societes savantes etrangeres a cette solennelle commemoration 
 de tant de souvenirs glorieux. La Societe Francaise de Physique est heureuse 
 de repondre a votre cordiale invitation, dont elle sent tout le prix, et de venir 
 apporter a la Societe Royale de Londres son tribut d'hommages et de 
 respectueuse admiration. 
 
 Paris, 1912. 
 
 B. BAILLAUD, President. 
 
 CH.-ED. GUILLAUME, Vice-president. 
 HENRI ABRAHAM, Secretaire general. 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 45 
 
 BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF FRANCE, PARIS 
 
 A LA ROYAL SOCIETY, LONDRES. LA SOCIETE BOTANIQUE DE FRANCE 
 est heureuse d'exprimer a la Royal Society ses plus chaleureuses felicitations 
 a 1'occasion de son 250 &me Anniversaire et elle est particulierement flattee 
 et reconnaissante d'avoir ete invitee a prendre part aux Ceremonies Jubilaires. 
 Pleine d'admiration pour 1'oeuvre scientifique de la Savante Societe Anglaise 
 Elle forme le vceu que 1'avenir lui reserve une riche moisson d'importants 
 travaux et de glorieux lauriers. 
 
 Le President de la Societe Botanique de France, R. ZEILLER. 
 15 JuiOet 1912. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF BORDEAUX 
 
 UXIVERSITATIS Bl'RDIGALEXSIS CoNSILIUM SoCIETATI RfiGALI LoNDINENSI 
 
 PRO SCIENTIA NATURALI PROMOVENDA SALUTEM. Per vos, Viri doctissimi et 
 illustrissimi, liceat nobis quod iam non semel fecimus declarare quanta 
 iamdudum admiratione opera prosequamur sodalium vestrorum qui tantopere 
 ad promovendam scientiam contulerunt et conferunt. Rogamus iidem benigne 
 vota nostra accipiatis optantium ut in posterum non minoribus beneficiis 
 humanitatem donetis, ideoque in aeternum crescat et augeatur decus clarissi- 
 mae vestrae Societatis. 
 
 Datum Burdigalae, die X mensis lulii MCMXII in nomine Universitatis 
 Consilii. 
 
 A. PITRES, delegatus. 
 
 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF BORDEAUX 
 
 L'ACADEMIE NATIONALS DES SCIENCES, BELLES-LETTRES ET ARTS DE BORDEAUX 
 
 adresse a la Societe Royale de Londres a 1'occasion du 250 e anniversaire de 
 sa fondation son salut confraternel et son vceu cordial de prosperite. 
 Londres et Bordeaux sont unis, depuis pres de deux mille ans, par des liens 
 qu'ont noues des interets economiques communs, qu'ont resserres des affinites 
 naturelles et des sympathies inalterables. Des Tepoque romaine Bordeaux 
 fut le point de depart de la voie qui mene de France en Grande-Bretagne et 
 dont Londres est le point d'arrivee. Au Moyen Age, pendant trois siecles, 
 les deux cites eurent des destinees semblables. Le meme roi d'Angleterre, due 
 d'Aquitaine, qui signa la Grande Charte, donna aux Bordelais ces franchises 
 communales dont ils gardent pieusement la tradition. La prosperite com- 
 merciale, nee des echanges entre Londres et Bordeaux, a pour jamais garanti 
 a notre ville son prestige de metropole du Sud-Ouest de la France. Get 
 
46 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 amour des libertes municipales et cette solidarite economique sont les deux 
 traits caracteristiques de 1'histoire de Bordeaux. Au xviii 6 siecle un nouveau 
 lien, d'une autre nature, fut noue. Cinquante ans apres Londres, Bordeaux 
 voulut avoir sa Societe royale, vouee, elle aussi, a Tetude et au progres des 
 sciences de la nature. Des relations tres nobles, dont nos registres conservent 
 la trace, s'etablirent entre la jeune Academie bordelaise et son eminente soeur 
 ainee. L'honneur en revient au membre le plus illustre de notre Compagnie, 
 a rimmortel penseur qui revela a la France la beaute de la constitution 
 anglaise, au grand Montesquieu. A la veille de celebrer le deuxieme 
 centenaire de sa fondation, 1'Academie de Bordeaux est fiere de rappeler 
 ces souvenirs. Puissent-ils resserrer, d'une faon plus etroite encore, les liens 
 seculaires de nos deux cites, affermir la cordiale entente de nos deux nations, 
 gage de la paix du monde ! 
 
 Bordeaux, 8 Juillet 1912. 
 
 Le President de T* Academie nationale des Sciences, 
 Belles-Lettres et Arts de Bordeaux, PAUL COURTEAULT. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CLERMONT-FERRAND 
 
 PRAESIDI CONCILIO ET SODALIBUS AMPLISSIMAE SOCIETATIS REGALIS LONBINI 
 CONSISTENTIS UNIVERSITY CLAROMONTENsis S. P. D. Accepimus, Viri Doctis- 
 simi et Illustrissimi, gratoque legimus animo litteras quibus nos certiores 
 facitis vos natalem vestrum hoc ipso mense lulio celebraturos esse ; vobisque 
 hosce ducentos quinquaginta peractos feliciter annos libentissime gratulamur. 
 Nemo est enim, inter eos qui scientiae Naturali promovendae student, qui 
 nesciat quantum per illud grande temporis spatium in rerum natura inqui- 
 renda, scrutanda, investiganda profeceritis, quantoque doctrinae emolurnento 
 per vos aucti fuerint homines. Unum igitur e nostro numero, uti amicissime 
 rogavistis, PROFESSOREM AUGUSTUM PELLET, delegavimus, qui vobiscum Socie- 
 tatem vestram fundatam concelebret, nostraeque erga vos benivolentiae testis 
 locuples festis diebus proximis intersit. 
 
 Ddbamus Claromonte, Kal. luliis a. MDCCCCXII. 
 
 A. COVILLE, Rector, Concilii Universitatis Praeses. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF NANCY 
 
 UNIVERSITE DE NANCY. MONSIEUR LE PRESIDENT, Un navire, a pleines 
 voiles, franchissant la barriere des deux colonnes d'Hercule, dont Tantiquite 
 avait dit qu'on n'irait pas plus loin ; au-dessous, cette inscription, empruntee 
 a la Bible, Multi pertransibunt et augebitur Scientia, ' Beaucoup passeront, et 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 47 
 
 le domaine de la Science sera augmented: telle est Timage et telle est la devise 
 gravees au-devant du Novum Organum de Francis Bacon. Prophetiques 
 paroles, qui devaient trouver leur pleine realisation dans 1'ceuvre accomplie 
 par cette fille posthume de son genie, la Societe Royale de Londres. Depuis 
 deux siecles et demi, en effet, combien de savants ont passe, qui, apres avoir 
 explore toutes les parties du vaste monde scientifique, ont rapporte de leurs 
 voyages, com me un eloquent livre de bord, ces deux cent onze volumes de 
 vos Philosophical Transactions! Et quelle gloire pour eux d'avoir, sous les 
 plis du pavilion britannique, combattu le bon combat pour cet imperialisme 
 de la Science, le plus grand et le plus beau de tous, le seul qui n'enregistre 
 que des victoires, et dont beneficient tous les peuples ! Au dix-septieme 
 siecle deja, un de nos esprits les plus curieux, qui sous un air frivole cachait 
 le gout des choses serieuses, un Francais enfin, en etait emerveille, et s'inter- 
 rompait dans une de ses Fables pour jeter cette reflexion : 
 
 . . . Les Anglais pensent profondement. 
 Creusant dans les sujets, et forts d'experiences, 
 Us etendent partout Tempire des sciences. 
 
 Cet hommage que vous rendait ingenument notre La Fontaine, toute la 
 France savante vous 1'apporte aujourd'hui : non seulement Paris, la capitale, 
 mais aussi les diverses regions francaises, et la notre en particulier : je veux 
 dire la Lorraine. CTcst la France de 1'Est, sensible plus que toute autre a la 
 gloire scientifique, parce que, plus que toute autre, elle a appris a la connaitre 
 en de glorieux fils nes de son sol : au siecle dernier, les mathematiciens Ponce- 
 let et Hermite, Tun de Metz et Tautre du Pays messin, tous deux Lorrains, de 
 cette Lorraine arrachee depuis lors a notre Patrie; avant eux, Gergonne, 
 connu par ses Annales, et Liouville, par son Journal; apres eux, le plus haut 
 representant actuel des mathematiques parmi nous, un fils de Nancy meme, 
 Henri Poincare. (Test un grand honneur pour notre jeune Universite de 
 Nancy, de meler sa voix a ce magnifique concert d'eloges qui retentissent de 
 partout a la gloire de la Societe Royale de Londres. Par le nombre et la 
 valetir de vos travaux, par Illustration de vos savants, qu'en Angleterre la 
 faveur publique aussi bien que le pouvoir recompensent a 1'envi, puissiez-vous 
 toujours, comme vous avez fait jusqu'ici, poursuivre au cours des ages votre 
 fecond labeur, pro Dignitate et Augmentls Scientiarum, disait encore Bacon 
 * Pour Taccroissement ou le progres des Sciences, et aussi pour leur dignite ! ' 
 
 Nancy, 14 Juillet 1912. 
 
 Le Recteur de V Universite, CH. ADAM, 
 
 Membre correspondant de Vlnstitut de France. 
 
48 
 
 GERMANY 
 
 The Universities of Germany, instead of each preparing an Address, com- 
 bined their felicitations upon a large bronze Tablet which, at the Reception 
 of the Royal Society, was presented in their name by Professor Dr. Woldemar 
 Voigt, Rector of the University of Gcittingen. Delegates were at the same 
 time present from the Universities of Berlin, Bonn, Breslau, Erlangen, 
 Freiburg-im-Breisgau, Giessen, Gottingen, Greifsvvald, Halle, Heidelberg, 
 Konigsberg, Leipzig, Marburg, Munich, Munster, Rostock, Strassburg, and 
 Tubingen. The Tablet, which is shown in the accompanying illustration, 
 now hangs on the wall of the Entrance-hall of the Society's apartments in 
 Burlington House. 
 
 NlCAh 
 VSTRI 
 
 CVLTRIC1ET , 
 
 ^ 
 
 * XLANNOS 
 FELICITERPERACTOS 
 PIE CONGRATVLANTVR 
 NIVERSITATES GERMANIAE 
 
 A-D-MDCCCCXI! 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 49 
 
 ROYAL SOCIETY OF SCIENCES OF GOTTINGEN 
 
 REGIAE SOCIETATI SCIENTIARITM LONDINENSI quinquaginta lustrorum memo- 
 riam feliciter agenti tantam praeteritorum temporum gloriam praesentium- 
 que felicitatem congratulantes futurorum saeculorum pares auguramur even- 
 tus. Nam quo die Societas a Roberto Boylio constituta Regiae nomen 
 accepit, nova lux ingenii humani studiis affulsit, cum semina renatarum 
 litterarum temporibus iacta in agro Baconis Verulamensis opera praeparato 
 altas radices egissent et ad insperatam fructuum adcrescerent ubertatem. 
 Satis est reminisci primitias fere Societatis magnum Newtonem protulisse. 
 Sed post Newtonis tempora dici vix potest quot quantarumque rerum indaga- 
 tio Societati Regiae debeatur. Neque enim attinet commemorare Observa- 
 torii Greenwichensis vel Laboratorii Institutionis Regiae merita, vel expedi- 
 tionum Cookii, Rossii, aliorumque immortalem memoriam, vel summorum 
 virorum nomina suscitare, quorum cum suam quisque aetatem ampliore 
 scientiae lumine auxerit, coniuncti omnes acta Regiae Societatis inlustraverunt 
 labore famaque. Quorum potissimum opera factum, sed et popularium 
 prudenti liberalitate, ut inter Academias naturae scientiae deditas non aetate 
 tantum et vetere gloria, verum virtute et factis aut cum primis aut prima 
 numeretur ac robore vere iuvenali gaudens futuri quoque temporis palmas 
 victrices affectet. Qua laude fulta Regia Societas ut semper quae communi 
 scientiarum utilitati inservirent sua auctoritate promovit, hac nostra aetate 
 Academias totius orbis coniuncti laboris vinculis colligandi grande consilium 
 cepit et executa est. Quod non sine nostra opera factum esse libenter 
 recordamur atque in posterum quoque longam studiorum communionem feli- 
 citer duraturam esse speramus. 
 
 REGIA SOCIETAS LITTERARUM GOTTINGENSIS. 
 
 Datum Gottingae, die XV mensis lunii a. MCMXII. 
 
 ROYAL PRUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, BERLIN 
 
 DER ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON ENTBIETET ZUR FEIER IHRES SSOJAHRIGEN 
 BESTEHENS DIE KONIGLICH PREUSSISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN zu 
 BERLIN HERZLICHEN GLUCKWUNSCH UNO SCHWESTERLICHEN GRUSS. Wenn auch 
 einige andere wissenschaftliche Gesellschaften auf ein ebenso ehrwiirdiges 
 Alter zuriickblicken konnen, so darf sich doch die Royal Society riihmen, in 
 dem Vierteljahrtausend ihres Bestehens auf dem von ihr gepflegten Gebiet 
 der Naturwissenschaften mehr geleistet und auf die Entwickelung dieser 
 Wissenszweige einen grosseren Einfluss ausgeiibt zu haben als irgendeine der 
 gelehrten Korporationen aller Kulturvolker. Die Jubilarin ist nicht, wie 
 viele ihrer Schwestern, aus kleinen Anfangen zu ihrer heutigen Grosse und 
 Bedeutung hervorgewachsen. Vollendet, wie Minerva dem Haupte Jupiters 
 entstieg, tritt sie uns gleich nach ihrer Begriindung als eine stolze Genossen- 
 
 E 
 
50 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 schaft von Forschern ersten Ranges entgegen. In der Liste der Mitglieder, 
 welche die Begeisterung fur die Wissenschaft und die Freude an der neuen 
 Experimentierkunst im Jahre 1662 zu gemeinsamer Arbeit in den Raumen 
 des Gresham College vereinigte, lesen wir mit Ehrfurcht die Namen von 
 Robert Hooke, Robert Boyle und anderen, deren Entdeckungen heute die 
 Grundlage weitverzweigter Wissensgebiete bilden. Aber der Glanz dieser 
 Namen wird iiberstrahlt von der leuchtenden Ruhmessonne Isaak Newtons, 
 des grb'ssten Physikers aller Zeiten und grossten Denkers auf dem Gebiet der 
 Astronomie, wie ihn Helmholtz genannt hat. Mehr als die Begriinder selbst 
 hat dieser gottbegnadete Meister, der wenige Jahre spater der Gesellschaft 
 als Mitglied beitrat und wahrend eines Zeitraums von 24 Jahren ihr Prasi- 
 
 O 
 
 dent war, der Royal Society den Stempel seiner Personlichkeit aufgepragt. 
 Es darf der Jubilarin das hohe Lob gespendet werden, dass sie stets von dem 
 Geiste der grossen Manner beseelt war, die an ihrer Wiege gestanden haben 
 und zu denen sich im Laufe der Jahrhunderte eine unabsehbare Reihe 
 hervorragender Forscher auf alien Gebieten der Naturwissenschaften hinzuge- 
 sellt hat. Frei in ihren Institutionen, ist sie durch alle Zeiten eine Pflegstatte 
 der reinen, von Vorurteilen unbeirrten Forschung geblieben, eine fur geistige 
 Freiheit kampfende Genossenschaft, die ihre hohe Devise : * Nullius in verba ' 
 mit berechtigtem Stolze fiihrt. Moge sie in diesen edeln Traditionen fort- 
 leben, moge es ihr vergonnt sein, auch in kiinftigen Zeiten eine so grosse Zahl 
 hervorragender Manner und fiihrender Geister in ihrer Mitte zu vereinigen, 
 und moge sie, den alten Ruhmesblattern stets neue hinzufiigend, auch ferner- 
 hin die Wissenschaft mit neuer und immer reicherer Erkenntnis beschenken, 
 zur Ehre ihres grossen Vaterlandes und zum Segen der ganzen Menschheit ! 
 DIE KO'NIGLICH PEEUSSISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN. 
 
 ROETHE. DIELS. WALDEYER. PLANCK. 
 
 ROYAL BAVARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, MUNICH 
 
 DER KONIGLICHEN GESELLSCHAFT zu LONDON, gegriindet zu einer Zeit, in 
 welcher nur im Geburtslande der neueren Kultur und auch hier nur als eine 
 ephemere Schbpfung furstlicher Gunst (der besonders von Schiilern Galileis 
 gebildete 'Cimento' in Florenz) eine Akademie zur Pflege der exakten 
 Wissenschaften entstand, und seitdem durch ihre Tatigkeit ununterbrochen 
 einen eminenten Einfluss auf die Fortschritte in der Erforschung der Natur 
 ausiibend, sendet hiemit zu ihrem 250jahrigen Wiegenfeste eine urn 100 
 Jahre jiingere Schwester, die KO'NIGLICH BAYERISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSEN- 
 SCHAFTEN zu MUNCHEN, ihre aufrichtigsten Gluckwiinsche. 
 
 Munchen^ im Juli 1912. 
 
 DR. VON HEIG.EL, Prdsident. 
 
 DR. v. GOEBEL, Sekretar der maihematisch-pliysikalisclien Klasse. 
 
51 
 
 NATURAL SCIENCE UNION, HAMBURG 
 
 DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHE VEREIN IN HAMBURG dankt der Royal Society 
 in London bestens fur die Einladung zum zweihundertflinfzigsten Stiftungs- 
 feste und sendet ihr in freudigster Anerkennung ihrer hohen Verdienste urn 
 unsere Wissenschaft die herzlichsten Gluckwiinsche. Moge sie weiter wachsen, 
 bliihen und gedeihen als leuchtendes Beispiel fur alle Volker und alle Zeiten. 
 
 PROF. DR. G. GURICH, /. Vorsitzender. 
 
 ITALY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ROME 
 
 UNIVERSITAS STUDIORUM ROMANA libentissimo animo se sociam ceteris 
 omnibus optimarum artiurn institutis, quotquot in orbe terrarum sunt, addit, 
 ut una cum iis Societati Regali Londinensi, quae per CCL ex quo condita 
 est annos (grande et gloriae plenum aevi spatium) liberales disciplinas summo 
 opere promoverit atque propagaverit, maximam admirationem gratumque 
 animum profiteatur. Nam ista Societas postquam a Bacone illo \ r erulamiensi 
 animo est concepta, quo tempore disciplinae omnes miro quodam virorum 
 doctorum studio renovabantur atque ut ille apud Britannos, ita in Academiis 
 Linceorum et Experimenti nostrates, Galileius eiusque discipuli, rerum 
 natura qua ratione esset pervestiganda docebant, exemplo praemonstrabant, 
 ab incunabulis suis usque ad hoc tempus in optimis artibus colendis promo- 
 vendisque nunquam viam ceteris munire destitit ; quidquid autem eius 
 auspiciis aut inventum aut investigatum est, id omnibus est hominibus 
 patefactum celeberrimis editis actis quibus nomen est Philosophical Trans- 
 actions^ quo exemplo usi sunt ceteri ad sua quoque inventa in lucem pro- 
 ferenda. Magnum Newtonii nomen est cum Societate Regali Londinensi 
 tarn arte coniunctum, ut nemo possit de illius optimis inventis cogitare quin 
 statim in Societatis memoriam redeat, cui ille usque ad extremum vitae 
 diem praefuerit. Universitas Studiorum Romana vota pro Societate Regali 
 Londinensi nuncupat precaturque ut prospera semper utatur fortuna atque 
 summa ut nunc in perpetuum floreat gloria. Delegatus est qui personam 
 Universitatis Regiae Romanae gerat V. VOLTERRA, Eques torquatus, physicae 
 mathematicae Professor ordinarius, inter Senatores Italici regni adlectus, 
 Facultatis scientiarum Praeses. 
 
 Rornae, Die I mensis Inlii MCMXII. 
 
 ALBERT US TONELLI, Rector Romanae Universitatis 
 E 2 
 
52 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA 
 
 REGALI SOCIETATI rebus naturalibus cognoscendis Londini ante annos prope 
 CCL institutae nunc feriis indictis natalem suum celebrant! Universitas 
 litterarum et artium Bononiensis fausta omnia, proinde ac merita est, spe 
 bona certaque precatur. 
 
 Namque alid ex alio clarescet, nee tibi caeca 
 nox iter eripiet quin ultima natural 
 pervideas : ita res accendent lumina rebus. 
 
 Bonon iae, VIII Kal lul a. MCMXII. 
 
 LEO PESCI, Rector Unvversitatis. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF PALERMO 
 
 RECTOR SENATUS PROFESSORES ATHENAEI PANHORMITANI PRAESIDI CONCILIO 
 SODALIBUS REGIAE SOCIETATIS LONDINENSIS S. D. Qua estis humanitate, annum 
 quinquagesimum et ducentesimum concelebraturi, ex quo Carolus II regio 
 rescripto Societatem vestram constituit, unum e nostro numero vobiscum 
 Londini esse concupivistis. Quod maxima nos voluptate adfecit. Vetus 
 enim amor coniunctioque inter Italos Britannosque est manetque nobis, ut 
 Vergiliano illo versu utamur, alta mente repostum quanto studio Britanni 
 Italiae renascentis exordia prosecuti sint. Cuius amoris vinculo quo Itali et 
 Britanni coniunguntur, alterum additum est, quo praesertim Athenaeum 
 nostrum Societati vestrae adhaeret, ex quo Stanislaum Cannizzarum qui. in 
 hac urbe natus, in Athenaeo nostro decem circiter annos adolescentes docuit 
 atque erudivit antequam Romam se contulit, in amplissimum Collegium 
 vestrum cooptandum et Copleiano nummo ornandum censuistis : cui honori 
 vix ullus anteponendus videtur, cum Societas vestra de tot ingeniis mirifice 
 excellentibus glorietur et, si quis ab ultimo fere initio rem repetere velit, de 
 Newtono illo, sodali vestro et praeside, tarn magni animi viro, ut, Galilaei 
 nostri ardorem aemulatus, animo morituro caeli claustra perruperit polumque 
 rotundum percurrerit. Ergo ex nostro numero libentissime clarissimum 
 sodalem nostrum IOHANNEM BAPTISTAM GUCCIAM misimus qui votorum no- 
 strorum interpres et nuntius his diebus vobiscum bona omnia vobis 
 Societatique vestrae precaretur. Valete. 
 
 Datum Panhormi, Id. lun. A. MDCCCCXIL 
 
 FED. RAFFAELE, Rector. 
 
 V. USSANI, Ab Epistulis Latinis. 
 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 53 
 
 ROYAL ACADEMY OF THE LINCEI, ROME 
 
 REGIA LYNCEORUM ACADEMIA CLARISSIMO PRAESIDI CONCILIO ATQUE REGIAE 
 SOCIETATIS LONDINENSIS SoDALisus Salutem. Longo iam temporis spatio 
 luxuriosae ac munificae suae vitae ista praeclara Regia Societas homines clari- 
 tate praestantes, quorum magnos gerit spiritus genus humanum, domum suam 
 recepit. His diebus festis ad memoriam servandam atque colendam indictis 
 veteris et praeclarae Societatis, quae, anno MDCLXII, Rege Carolo II 
 auspice, orta est, Societates omnes, quibus maxime sunt cordi humanae 
 scientiae progressus, bona omnia mittunt. Regia Lynceorum Academia, 
 me auctore, summam suam animi voluptatem significat et diei Regiae Lon- 
 dinensis Societatis natalis particeps est. 
 
 Romae, Mense Iidio MCMXII. 
 
 PETRUS BLASERNA, Praeses. 
 
 MONACO 
 
 OCEANOGRAPHICAL INSTITUTE 
 
 L'INSTITUT OCEANOGRAPHIQTJE fonde par le Prince de Monaco s'associe aux 
 temoignages de respect que bien des corps scientifiques adressent aujourd'hui 
 a leur doyenne en songeant avec reconnaissance aux efforts qu'elle fit avant 
 tout autre pour agrandir le domaine de 1'esprit. Les savants groupes autour 
 du Prince apportent leurs felicitations pour ce 250 me anniversaire avec un 
 empressement d'autant plus cordial que les savants anglais sont les premiers 
 qui aient compris Timportance du role devolu a 1'Oceanographie dans le 
 progres des connaissances humaines. Cette circonstance est favorable pour 
 reconnaitre la haute influence que la Societe Royale de Londres a su exercer 
 sur le developpement scientifique de TAngleterre en faisant naitre parmi les 
 esprits cultives la puissance de Initiative. (Test ainsi que les grandes 
 expeditions scientifiques cogues par les savants de TAngleterre ont ete presque 
 toujours rendues effectives par le concours des particuliers. Souvent TEtat 
 a joint sa contribution en hommes et en nature aux grandes entreprises telles 
 que la croisiere du Challenger ; puisse-t-il intervenir plus largement encore 
 pour la solution des problemes scientifiques dont la recherche etablit mieux 
 que toute autre manifestation d'energie le prestige moral d'une nation. Un 
 Etat qui favorise la culture de 1'esprit sans entraver le libre essor des opinions 
 fait honneur au pays dont il est une emanation. D'ailleurs la Grande 
 Bretagne qui a montre comment un peuple edifie sa puissance, son prestige et 
 sa prosperite en respectant ce qu'il y a de noble et d'emouvant dans ses 
 traditions, la Grande Bretagne possede deja, avec la longue existence de votre 
 Societe Royale, la tradition scientifique. Aussi une elite intellectuelle vient 
 
54 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 aujourcThui saluer le genie du Peuple Britannique dans une de ses plus belles 
 fructifications. Les hommes de science ne revendiquent pas un privilege 
 exclusif dans revolution de la mentalite humaine : de grands cerveaux ont 
 cultive les elements de celle-ci lorsque la science n'existait pas encore, raais 
 quand, deja, la recherche de la verite en toute chose lui preparait les voies. 
 C'est pourquoi nous voulons glorifier la memoire des hommes qui se sont 
 illustres dans les diverses branches de Tactivite intellectuelle, qui ont repandu 
 sur la Grande Bretagne les premiers bienfaits de la civilisation moderne, 
 et dont la renommee se confond avec celle de la Societe Royale. 
 
 ALBERT, P CE DE MONACO. 
 
 NETHERLANDS 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM 
 
 SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRAESIDI, CONCILIO, SODALIBUS, VIRIS AMPLISSIMIS, 
 RECTOR ET SENATUS UNIVERSITATIS AMSTELODAMENSIS, S. P. D. Societas 
 Regalis illustrissima per CCL annos vim illam scientiae insitam in usum 
 generis humani promovit. Quam ob rem magno et sincero gaudio affecti cum 
 per legatum nostrum C. WINKLER, virum clarissimum, ad Vos missum, turn 
 per hanc epistulam sollemnem, quantum Vestrae laetitiae simus participes, 
 libenter profitemur. Quid scientia sodalibus Vestris, summis illis viris, quid 
 verbis et factis Societatis Vestrae non minus Patria Vestra quam mundus 
 debeat universus, grato animo recordamur. Utinam labores et studia, quae 
 ad hunc diem in promovendas artes impendere voluistis, ad lucem veritatis 
 diffundendam et vim scientiae augendam aptissima, per futura quoque 
 tempora splendeant semper clarissimeque conspiciantur. 
 
 Dabamus Amstelodami, die XI mensis lulii A. D. MCMXII. 
 
 DR. C. WINKLER, Rectore Magnifico. 
 J. D. v. d. WAALS, Jr., Senatus Actuario, 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN 
 
 SOCIETATI REGALI PRO SCIENTIA NATURALI PROMOVENDA LONDINII CONDITAE 
 SENATUS UNIVERSITATIS GRONINGANAE S. P. D. Q. B. F. F. F. Q. S. Si bene 
 et sapienter a maioribus nostris institutum est, ut singuli homines quotannis 
 diem suum natalem celebrent, quo vitam ante actam paulisper saltern respicere 
 possint, non minus prudenter eadem consuetude diei natalis celebrandi etiam 
 ad universitates translata esse videtur. Quapropter, viri illustrissimi, magno- 
 pere gaudemus, quod vos urbem celeberrimam negotiosissimam frequentissimam 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 55 
 
 incolentes, hunc diem festum, quo ducentis quinquaginta annis ante Societas 
 vestra a Carolo Secundo, rege augustissimo, constituta est, silentio praeterire 
 noluistis. lam vobiscum longum illud tempus memoria recolentes laetamur, 
 quod Societas vestra tamdiu floruit viguitque, gratulamur autem, quod 
 numerus Sodalium semper augetur neque eorum studium et diligentia umquam 
 remissa est, denique vehementer speramus fore ut Societatis vestrae gloria et 
 felicitas etiam in posterum firmentur. Petentibus vobis, ut unus e coetu 
 nostro ad vos delegaretur, qui vobiscum dies festos concelebraret, Senatus 
 Universitatis Groninganae decrevit ut ipse Rector, v. cl. GERARDUS CORNELIUS 
 NIJHOFF, ad vos legatus mitteretur. Nos autem eiusdem Senatus decreto 
 sollemni obsecuti hanc gratulationem et haec vota sincera ad vos misimus. 
 
 Groningae, Kalendis luliis MCMXII. 
 
 G. C. NIJHOFF, Senatus Univ. Gron. Rector. 
 J. H. KERN, Senatus Univ. Gron. Ab actis. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF LEYDEN 
 
 SOCIETATI REGIAE LONDINENSI FELICITER PERACTUM QUINQUAGESIMUM LUSTRUM 
 
 GRATULANTUR UNIVERSITATIS LuGDUNO-BATAVAE RECTOR ET SENATUS. Laetissi- 
 
 mas iam iam celebraturis ferias ex animi sententia Vobis gratulamur, utpote 
 qui Vobiscum gaudeamus longum et memorabile respicientes tempus a Vestra 
 peractum Societate, nee minus decus illud vigoremque contemplantes quo 
 nunc splendet ilia nitetque. Quod dum facimus, simul mente pia illorum 
 virorum recolimus memoriam, qui pauci numero atque in ea re Vestra patria 
 fere ceteris omnibus regionibus monstravit viam coierunt ut naturae dete- 
 gerent arcana et prudentibus accuratisque inquisitionibus collectam doctrinam 
 in omnium mortalium converterent utilitatem. Ex illo surculo, strenue 
 adiuvantibus viris illustribus, ipsa adiuvante Republica legibus opibusque 
 suis, sed praesertim Sociis Vestris praeclaras suas mentis dotes indefessamque 
 industriam intendentibus, sanctissima ilia succrevit arbor, quae nunc umbra 
 sua tegit recreatque totum campum ilium disciplinarum physicarum, qui per 
 totum orbem terrarum extenditur. Vestra historia, quae nobis exhibuit ilia 
 nunquam interituro splendentia fulgore ingenia, Newtoni, Harveii, Darwinii, 
 Kelvini, aliorum, eximias quasdam implet paginas libri quo universae humani- 
 tatis fata enarrantur celebranturque. Ilia nobis exponit ars geometrica 
 quomodo humanae mentis opibus subsidio venerit, caeli profunda quae sit 
 emensa ratio, qua sint sagacitate extremi naturae perlustrati recessus, mor- 
 borum avertendorum reprimendorumque quae sint inventae artes. Cumque 
 semper singulorum doctorum conamina prudenti sustentastis atque incitastis 
 admonitione, saepe, cum initum esset aliquod consilium egregium sed unius 
 populi superaturum vires, Vos auctores fuistis communis cuiusdam militiae 
 
56 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 omnibus gentibus allaturae salutem et prosperitatem. Gratissimo vero animo 
 laetissimis hisce diebus quibus vinculis Vobiscum iuncti fuerint permulti viri 
 qui in nostra patria naturae legibus investigandis dederunt operam recordamur. 
 Vobis acceptum referre nunquam desinemus quod Leeuwenhoekius noster suas 
 de animalibus microscopicis disquisitiones in lucem edere communem potuit ; 
 Huygensium quern tamquam physicorum nostrorum principem suspicimus 
 colimusque, semper cum proavis Vestris de gravissimis rebus iniisse consilia 
 tenemus memoria. Neque nostro tempore deesse Neerlandicos doctos, atque 
 ipsius huius Universitatis alumnos, qui extranei socii Vobis sint adscripti 
 laetamur gloriamurque. Quas res pia grataque recolentes mente ex animi 
 sententia pro Vestrae Societatis vota facimus salute. Sint futura praeteritis 
 similia tempora, atque in longam annorum seriem pergat Societas Vestra cum 
 toti vitae humanae turn disciplinis illis augustis salutiferisque lucem ferre 
 subsidiumque. 
 
 Lugduni Batavorum, d. vi m. lulii MCMXII. 
 
 F. PIJPER, Rector. 
 
 B. D. EERDMANS, Actuarius. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF UTRECHT 
 
 SOCIETATIS REGALIS LONDINENSIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO SODALIBUS S. P. D. 
 SENATUS UNIVERSITATIS ULTRAIECTINAE. Propter Societatis Vestrae dignitatem 
 et doctrinae celebritatem eximiam cum Rectorem Magnificum huiusce Acade- 
 miae ad Vos, Viri Doctissimi, legavimus, ut nostro nomine praesentes Vos 
 compellaret sensumque erga Vos nostrum obsequiumque declararet, turn com- 
 mittere non potuimus quin per has litteras diem natalicium Vestrae Societatis 
 ducentesimum quinquagesimum Vobis ex animo gratularemur. Quae quantum 
 in scientia naturali promovenda laborarit quamque uberrimis fructibus 
 humanum genus per lustra ilia quinquaginta bearit, cum nemo ignoret, nunc 
 commemorare non decet ; hoc vero et nos et omnes scientiarum amantes precari 
 vel maxime decet ut diem sollemnem Deus O. M. Vobis^fortunet, Societatem 
 Vestram usque servet incolumem florentemque atque omni bonorum abun- 
 dantia cumulet. Valete, Viri Illustrissimi antistites Societatis Regalis 
 insignissimi, Vobisque ita persuadeatis nos nihil magis optare quam ut diu 
 porro et nos et omnes scientiae studiosi subsidio Vestro ac luce fruamur. 
 Iterum valete. 
 
 Datum Traiecti ad Rhenum, Idibiis luliis A. S. MCMXII. 
 
 A. A. NIJLAND, h. t. Rector Magnificus. 
 C. EIJKMAN, h. t. Actuarius. 
 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 57 
 
 ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, AMSTERDAM 
 
 THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF AMSTERDAM offers its best con- 
 gratulations to the Royal Society of London on the occasion of the cele- 
 bration of its two hundred and fiftieth anniversary. In these two hundred 
 and fifty years Science has reached a high degree of development, to which 
 the Royal Society, as one of the earliest scientific institutions, has powerfully 
 contributed. The Royal Academy of Sciences remembers with pleasure the 
 feelings of friendship which have always existed between the Royal Society 
 and Dutch scholars throughout the period of its existence. For ever memo- 
 rable, not only to the Academy, but also to the whole of the Dutch nation, 
 will be the encouragement which the Royal Society shortly after its founda- 
 tion gave to Leeuwenhoek by appointing him a Fellow of the Society in 1679, 
 a distinction highly valued by him, and which has undoubtedly been pro- 
 motive both to the production and to the spread of his inventions, which he 
 communicated in a correspondence with the Royal Society extending over 
 forty-four years. Further the Academy recalls on this occasion with great 
 acknowledgement, how Christian Huygens, the contemporary and corre- 
 spondent of Newton, Flamsteed, Boyle, Locke, with which famous men he was 
 personally acquainted, was one of the first foreign members of the Royal 
 Society. And how on Boerhaave, also a Fellow of the Royal Society, the 
 special honour was conferred that Cromwell Mortimer, then Secretary of the 
 Royal Society, dedicated the thirty-ninth volume of the Philosophical 
 Transactions to this scholar in 1735. The Royal Academy of Sciences 
 wishes the Royal Society many years of great prosperity, and expresses the 
 hope that the mutual feelings of friendship, which have been entertained for 
 two and a half centuries, may continue to exist in the future. 
 Amsterdam, July 1912. 
 
 P. D. CHANTEPIE DE LA SAUSSAYE, President. 
 P. ZEEMAN, Secretary. 
 
 DUTCH SOCIETY OF SCIENCES, HAARLEM 
 
 THE PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL OF THE DUTCH SOCIETY OF SCIENCES offer their 
 most sincere congratulations to the Royal Society on the occasion of its 
 250th anniversary. Few Societies can look back on an uninterrupted existence 
 of two and a half centuries, less on a continuous activity during so long 
 a time and none on a higher class of scientific work than that published 
 by the Royal Society. The President and Council of the Dutch Society of 
 Sciences can therefore frame no better wish, than that the Royal Society may 
 for many more centuries continue to promote knowledge and consequently 
 human happiness in the same admirable way as heretofore. For the Presi- 
 dent and Council of the Dutch Society of Sciences, 
 
 Haarlem, July 12th, 1912. LOTSY, perpetual Secretary. 
 
58 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 BATAVIAN SOCIETY OF EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY, 
 
 ROTTERDAM 
 
 REGALI SOCIETATI SOCIETAS PHILOSOPHIAE EXPERIMENTALIS BATAVA, anno 
 MDCCLIX a Steven Hoogendijk Roterodami instituta, Salutem. Ducenti 
 quinquaginta fere anni sunt ex quo Carolus Secundus Rex, ut artes atque 
 scientias, praesertim philosophica studia, quae solidis experimentis conantur 
 aut novam extundere philosophiam aut expolire veterem, promoveret, Socie- 
 tatem instituit consistentem de Praesidente Concilio et Sodalibus, quae 
 vocabatur et nuncupabatur Regalis Societas. Sodalium eius magna multitudo 
 iam dudum immortal! doctrinae et ingenii acuminis gloria in omnibus orbis 
 terrarum partibus floret per ea opera quae magnam partem in libris Philo- 
 sophical Transactions, qui dicuntur, servantur. Neque minus qui in eorum 
 locum successerunt optimis artibus maximaque eruditione studia philosophica 
 colere et famam Regalis Societatis tueri pergunt. Optimo igitur iure Socie- 
 tatem vestram fundatam celebratis. Societas nostra, quae isdem studiis 
 operam dat, vobis successum ex imo pectore gratulatur et ut in posterum 
 quoque Societati vestrae non modo eadem gloria frui sed etiam magis 
 magisque crescere detur optat et orat. Quanto studio vobiscum concele- 
 braremus natalem Societatis ut significaremus, hoc documentum, signatum 
 sigillo nostro cum voce, * Certos feret experientia fructus,' conficiendum et vobis 
 mittendum curavimus. 
 
 Datum Roterodami, die XIV mensis lulii MCMXIL 
 Nomine Societatis philosophiae experimentalis Batavae : 
 
 S. BIRNIE, Praeses. 
 
 R. H. VAN DORSTEN, Ab actis. 
 
 NORWAY 
 
 ROYAL UNIVERSITY OF NORWAY, CHRISTIANIA 
 
 THE ROYAL UNIVERSITY OF NORWAY TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 
 Greeting. A quarter of a millennium has elapsed since the foundation of the 
 Royal Society. Since the days of Boyle and Newton, the Royal Society has 
 enrolled on its list of members the names of almost all the eminent scientists 
 of Great Britain, and among these are recorded the illustrious names of 
 founders of all branches of modern science. Always alive to the vast 
 importance of science to the various spheres of mental life throughout the 
 world, the Royal Society has, in all likelihood, contributed more towards 
 the development and advancement of mankind than any other scientific 
 association. As a natural consequence of this leading position among 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 59 
 
 scientific institutions, the Royal Society has suggested the foundation of 
 'the International Association of Academies', and has thus enhanced the 
 prospect of establishing solidarity within the domains of scientific research 
 throughout the universe. The innumerable momentous scientific results and 
 the fundamental ideas this illustrious Society has given to the world merit 
 the admiration and gratitude of all, especially of the scientific institutions of 
 all countries. The Royal University of Norway therefore begs to express its 
 gratitude for the weighty contributions your Society has yielded to the 
 common work of culture, and tenders heartiest greetings and congratulations 
 on the occasion of your 250th anniversary, coupled with best wishes for ever 
 increasing prosperity. 
 
 Ckri&ania, July 4th, 1912. 
 
 BREDO MORGENSTIERNE, Rector. 
 
 CHR. AUG. ORLAND, Secretary. 
 
 ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CHBISTIANIA 
 
 SOCIETATI REGALI ACADEMIA SCIENTIARUM CHRISTIANIENSIS S. In natura 
 rerum pervestiganda per hosce ducentos quinquaginta annos Societas Regalis 
 fulget velut sol splendens, qui vi radiorum penetralia rerum occulta perfringit 
 atque modos illustrat multiplices variosque, quibus in mundo animato inani- 
 moque cum per orbem terrarum turn per spatium caeleste viget natura. 
 Magnum agmen virorum, qui in studiis eminuerunt quorumque nomina 
 praeclara cum Societate Regali conexa sunt, societates sororiae verecunde 
 grateque recordantur, quarum numero coniungi iuvenis nostra societas, quae 
 non minus ducentis annis post vestram instituta est, honorem sibi ducit et 
 magnopere gaudet, cum pie vobis salutem plurimam scribit optatque ut 
 Societas Regalis cursum suum tenere itaque honorem patriae augere univer- 
 soque generi humano prodesse pergat. 
 
 RUSSIA 
 
 IMPERIAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, ST. PETERSBURG 
 
 AMPLISSIMAE SOCIETATIS REGALIS LONDINENSIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO SODALIBUS 
 IMPERIALIS ACADEMIA SCIENTIARUM PETROPOLITANA S. P. D. Cum recitarentur 
 in concilio nostro literae vestrae humanissime nos invitantes, ut sollemni- 
 bus, quibus ducentesimum quinquagesimum Societatis vestrae diem natalem 
 celebraturi estis, per legatum nostrum adessemus, ultro subiit animos illius 
 temporis recordatio, quo Academia nostra, vixdum secundum aetatis annum 
 ingressa, per epistulam, ab ipso Isaaco Newton, immortalis viro memoriae, ad 
 
60 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 concilium Societatis Londinensis relatam, tamquam soror sororem natu 
 maiorem adloquens, Societatem multis magnisque ingeniosae eruditionis 
 operibus iam turn nobilitatam rogabat, ut sibi faveret studiorumque suorum 
 primitias benivole acciperet. Eadem semper reverentia Academia Petro- 
 politana acerrimam fecundissimamque Societatis vestrae industriam prosecuta 
 est, eadem nunc observantia ei gratulatur ducentos quinquaginta annos ita ab 
 ea peractos, ut priorum temporum gloriam novarum laudum cumulaverit 
 splendore atque etiam ad recentissimos naturae rerum cognitionis progressus 
 quam plurimum se contulisse iure gloriari possit. Quorum meritorum magni- 
 tudinem vehementer admirantes et praeteritis praesentibusque futura 
 augurantes, enixe exoptamus ut Societas Regalis Londinensis per infinitam 
 saeculorum seriem vigens ac florens sincerae veri inquisitionis lumen et 
 columen permaneat. 
 
 Datum Petropoli, die XVI mensis Mai anni MDCCCCXII luliani. 
 
 Pro Academiae Praeside, PETRUS NIKITIN. 
 Secretarius perpetuus, SERGIUS DE OLDENBURG. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF Moscow 
 
 Q. B. F. F. F. Q. S. VETUSTISSIMA RUSSICARUM UNIVERSITAS CAESAREA 
 MOSQUENSIS VETUSTISSIMAE BRITANNIC ARUM SOCIETATI REGALI LONDINENSI 
 S. D. P. Magna sunt per annos ducentos quinquaginta Societatis Vestrae 
 amplissimae in litteras merita, cuius sodales fuerunt viri clarissimi et doctis- 
 simi, qui et mathematicas artes et de rerum natura doctrinam studiis suis 
 scriptisque valde adiuverunt. Nam commentarii vestri cum alii, turn ii qui 
 Philosophical Transactions inscribuntur, thesaurus est omnis doctrinae, quae 
 per multos annos collecta per multos annos posteris usui futura est. Quo 
 factum est ut in Societatem Vestram recipi ab omnibus viris doctis pro 
 maximo honore haberetur. Qui honor quod nostris quoque nonnullis pro- 
 fessoribus delatus, non minus id nobis gratum est, quam quod in numero 
 sociorum honorariorum Universitatis nostrae aliquot viros doctissimos Britannos 
 habemus, qui iidem Societatis Vestrae sodales sunt. Sed quoniam Societas 
 Vestra cum ceterarum gentium doctissimos homines sibi asciscit, turn maxime 
 Britannos, Universitas nostra, cum illi gratulatur, Britannorum vim ingenii 
 praedicat, cui omne genus humanum tarn multa inventa tantosque in omnium 
 rerum magnarum scientia progressus gratissimo ammo debet. Vivat crescat 
 floreat Societas Regalis Londinensis per innumerabilem seriem annorum. 
 
 Mosquae, D. XII lunii A. MCMXII. 
 
 Rector Universitatis Mosquensis : MATTHAEUS LUBAWSKY. 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 61 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ODESSA 
 
 REGALI SOCIETATI LOXDIXIENSI. UNIVERSITAS CAESAREA NOVOROSSICA 
 maxima admiratione permota Clarissimorum de litteris artibusque optime 
 meritorum Virorum, quorum memoriam Societas Regalis Londiniensis nunc 
 annum ducentesimum quinquagesimum agens celebrat, gratissimo animo 
 Doctissimos Illustrissimos Sodales salutat et optat cupitque, ut iis eadem via 
 gloriosissima pergere et litteris prosperrima fortuna colendis totum genus 
 humanum semper maximis beneficiis afficere liceat. 
 
 Odessa, 28 lunii 1912. 
 
 Rector: SERGIUS LEVASOFF. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW 
 
 INCLITAE SOCIETATIS REGALIS LONDINENSIS PRAESIDI, CONCILIO, SODALIBUS 
 UNIVERSITATIS CAESAREAE VARSAVIENSIS RECTOR ET SENATUS S. P. D. Quod 
 ducentesimum quinquagesimum natalem illustrissimae Societatis Vestrae 
 sollemniter celebraturi huius laetitiae nos quoque participes esse voluistis, 
 pergratum nobis est. Summa enim reverentia atque admiratione immortalis 
 gloriae virorum doctorum recordamur, qui per hos CCL annos inter sodales 
 Vestros recepti vel scientiarum doctrinarumque experimentalium nova eaque 
 firmiora fundamenta posuerunt, vel in iis promovendis usque ad nostram 
 aetatem maxima diligentia optimoque eventu elaborarunt. Quis est porro 
 quin sciat, Societatem Vestram, certis sapienterque inventis legibus et 
 praeceptis fultam, omnibus scientiae naturalis partibus excolendis strenue 
 sagaciterque studuisse atque, quotiescunque rerum naturae investigationis 
 utilitas postulaverit, pro virili parte operam praebuisse, ut optimo iure 
 Britanniae decus haberi interque clarissima totius orbis instituta, bonarum 
 ai'tium studia spectantia, numerari possit. Quae omnia reputantes atque in 
 ipsis fundamentis et principiis, quibus labores et studia illustrissimae Societatis 
 Vestrae nituntur, pignus quoddam perpetui naturae cognitionis processus 
 incrementique perspicientes, CCL annos feliciter peractos Ei congratulamur 
 piisque animis exoptamus, ut insequentibus quoque saeculis eodem quo adhuc 
 successu pro communi generis humani gloria atque utilitate laborare pergat. 
 Valete, Viri doctissimi, nosque Vobis commendatos habete. 
 
 Datum Varsaviae, a. d. IV. Kalendas lunias a. MDCCCCXII. 
 
 Senatus Academici nomine : 
 I. TREPICIN, h. t. Rector Universitatis. 
 S. VECHOV, h. t. Decanus ordinis historicorum et philologorum. 
 
 P. MITROPHANOV, h. t. Decanus ordinis physlcomm et 
 
 mathematicorum. 
 
 TH. SIGEL, h. t. Decanus ordinis iurisconsultorum. 
 A. KOLOSOV, h. t. Decanus ordinis medicorum. 
 
62 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 IMPERIAL SOCIETY OF NATURALISTS, Moscow 
 
 SOCIETATI REGALI (Londiniensi) SOCIETAS CAESAREA NATURAE CURIOSORUM 
 MOSQUENSIS S. D. P. Omnium quae sunt in Rossia Physicorum societates 
 antiquissima Caesarea Societas Naturae Studiosorum, a. MDCCCV condita, 
 Societati Regali lustrum quinquagesimum celebranti pio lubentique gratulatur 
 animo, gratissima recolens memoria quantum Societas Illustrissima hoc longo 
 spatio ad disciplinas physicas propagandas tribuerit, quantamque ob ingentia 
 erga universum genus humanum merita auctoritatem apud omnes ubicumque 
 sunt viros doctos, scientiarum quae dicuntur exactarum cultores, optimo iure 
 habeat. Quis enim est qui nesciat, quam saepe Societas Vestra virorum 
 doctorum agmina in diversas ingentis Imperii Britannici partes sua impensa 
 legaverit, quibus ex legationibus praecipue eminet ilia quae Challenged ducis 
 nomen prae se fert, vel ilia altera quae solis discum Veneris sidere occultatum 
 observavit ? Summa omnino liberalitate sodales sociosque suos Societas Regali s 
 adsiduo adiuvabat, ita ut omnes denique oceanos omnesque orbis terrarum 
 partes fructiferis laboribus suis amplexa sit, cui rei Philosophical Transactions 
 illae, quae inde ab anno MDCLXIV eduntur, nee non Proceedings, qui iam 
 amplius centum annos florent, luculentissimo documento plane sunt. Crescat 
 ergo Illustrissima Societas, permaneat in iis rationibus, quas Oxonienses illi 
 Societatis Creatores secuti sunt postque hos egregii Sodales pio animo coluere 
 coluntque, quorum quod multi clarissimi viri nostrae Societatis Socii Honorarii 
 sunt, summo est nobis gaudio. 
 
 Praeses: PROF. EMER. N. UMOW. 
 Vice-Praeses : PROF. EMER. A. SABANEJEFF. 
 Secretarii : PROF. ORD. DR. E. LEYST, 
 V. DEINEGA. 
 
 Dedimus Mosquae, die XVI mensis lulii, a. MCMXII. 
 
 FINLAND 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF FINLAND, HELSINGFORS 
 
 SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRO SCIENTIA NATURALI PROMOVENDA PRAESIDI CONSILIO 
 ET SODALIBUS RECTOR ET SfiNATUS L\IPERIALIS UNIVERSITATIS ALEXANDREAE 
 FINLANDENSIS Salutem. In Regali Societate Vestra hodie ducentos quinqua- 
 ginta annos celebratura e longe diversis excultorum populorum civitatibus 
 permulti confluunt ab academiis, Universitatibus, doctrinae institutis legati, 
 ut illi verecunde gratulantes tarn decoram memoriam rite revocent et cum 
 Sodalibus Vestrae Societatis laetentur, quod ea ipsa usque per saecula magnam 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 63 
 
 vim suam servavit et auxit. Ac felici quidem tempore instituta est Societas 
 Regalis, quo tempore cognitio naturae experimentis niti et valere et latius 
 manare coepit, quo primo est intellectum quantum ilia ratione adhibita res 
 naturae obscurae et absconditae erui possint, quo innumerae his in rebus 
 quaestiones quasi proruperunt, quo propter methodorum et operum novitatem 
 in immensis camporum nondum cultorum spatiis omnis conatus magnos attulit 
 scientiae fructus et novas cognoscendi vias invenit. Multa et praeclara in 
 Regalis Societatis Annalibus servantur nomina et ex initiis illis et ex tanto 
 praeteriti iam temporis tenore, et quidquid magni in scientiis naturae per has 
 aetates profectum est, id fere omne variis modis cum operibus sive ipsius 
 Societatis sive Sodalibus eius reperietur coniunctum. Clarissimum autem 
 inter nomina ilia tamquam sidus Isaaci Newton fulget, qui quidem immortalem 
 adeptus honorem reperta universali corporum caelestium attractione non 
 solum ex una repetivit lege eorum corporum motus, quae velut summa 
 suoque genere absoluta in ceteris frustra scientiis expetita est, sed etiam 
 fundamenta posuit cogitandi rationi ad logices artem aptius accommodandae 
 et omnino ei intellegendi mori, qui recentiore humanitatis cultu continetur. 
 Regali Societate constituta magis magisque et consociati sunt inter se in 
 omni scientiarum genere viri docti et quae effecerunt latius fusa sunt et 
 dispersa semina posteritati profutura. Atque etiam si Britannos maxime 
 scientiae deditos voluit in unum cogere, in omni tamen orbe terrarum ei haud 
 modice debentur vires unitae. Ceteris enim gentibus haec Vestra Societas 
 luce clarius propositum est exemplum, quod ut imitarentur monitae quamvis 
 longo, ut par fuit, intervallo secutae sunt. Earum igitur rerum, quas multas 
 a Vestra Societate impulsi in scientiis viri docti gesserunt, memor eademque 
 ad Vos benigne invitata, gratias Vobis agit sinceras Imperialis Universitas 
 Alexandrea Finlandensis et Regalem Societatem hac insigni die optimis 
 omnibus venerabunde prosequitur. Ex decreto Senatus Universitatis Helsing- 
 forsiensis. 
 
 ANDERS DONNER, Rector Magnificus. 
 
 TOR CARPELAN, Secretarius. 
 
 FINNISH SOCIETY OF SCIENCES, HELSINGFORS 
 
 To THE ROYAL SOCIETY. On the occasion of the 250th anniversary of the 
 Royal Society the SOCIETAS SCIEXTIARUM FENNICA begs to present its sincere 
 congratulations and to express its admiration and profound esteem. The 
 Royal Society was already one of the chief centres of science before the time 
 when the great author of Principia Mathematica became its president. Vast 
 indeed has been the growth of the knowledge which it has witnessed and, 
 through its own work, promoted during these two and a half centuries, from 
 a time when the Mosaic cosmogony held universal sway and the alchemist 
 
64 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 was still striving after the philosopher's stone down to the days of Darwinism, 
 radioactivity, and the application of science in all departments of human life. 
 It has seen the birth of many academies, from the antipodes almost to the 
 polar circle, but ever maintains in their midst its position of leadership. Its 
 publications, beginning with the Proceedings and Philosophical Transactions, 
 and ending with the new International Catalogue of Scientific Literature, still 
 carry out to the full its object: 'to improve Natural Knowledge. 1 To the 
 many brilliant names which have illuminated its annals, and still do so, new 
 ones will be added in the future ; and each time a fresh star flashes into being 
 in this bright constellation one of the greatest in the firmament of science 
 that admiration will steadily increase which the scientists of the whole world 
 feel towards your Society. We have the firm conviction that it will, during 
 a limitless future, continue its truly royal work. On behalf of the Societas 
 Scientiarum Fennica. 
 
 KNUT TALLQVIST, President. 
 
 ANDERS DONNER, Secretary. 
 
 SWEDEN 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF LUND 
 
 SOCIETATI REOALI PRO SCIENTIA NATURALI PROMOVENDA. Societati Vestrae, 
 natalem celebraturae CCL annorum, ob egregia in scientiis merita grata 
 memorique admiratione imbuta gratulatur Universitas Carolina Lundensis. 
 Ut in saeculis iam peractis socii Vestri egregii, quales fuerunt Isaacus Newton 
 et Carolus Darwin, summa ingenii sagacitate excellentes naturam rerum 
 indagarunt, haud secus in futura quoque saecula confidenter optamus ut Vestri 
 recipiantur sodales, qui novis ingenii inventis condiciones sublevaturi humanas, 
 nova gloria patriam Vestram inclutam sint afFecturi Societatemque Regalem 
 celeberrimam. 
 
 Datum Lundae, d. XIV m. lunii a. MCMXII. 
 
 AXEL KOCK, Rector. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF STOCKHOLM 
 
 To THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. With the deepest feelings of venera- 
 tion and thankfulness the UNIVERSITY OF STOCKHOLM takes part in the 
 solemn commemorating of the foundation, a quarter of a millennium ago, 
 of the Royal Society of London. The long and glorious history of this 
 distinguished Society is the history of a great number of the most prominent 
 pathfinders and heroes of science. It is also with the fullest appreciation 
 of the great and important influence exerted by the Royal Society upon 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 65 
 
 'the development of human knowledge that we beg on this occasion to submit 
 our most respectful and hearty congratulations to the first scientific institution 
 in the land of Newton and Darwin. 
 
 Stockholm, July, 1912. STOCKHOLMS HOGSKOLA through 
 
 GERARD DE GEER, Prorector. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF UPSALA 
 
 Q. B. F. F. Q. S. UNIVERSITAS REGIA UPSALIENSIS SOCIETATI REGALI 
 LONDINIENSI Salutem plurimam dicit. Vobis perhumaniter invitantibus, ut 
 diem ilium fortunatum vobiscum celebraremus, quo abhinc CCL annos 
 Societas vestra illustrissima rescripto regio constituta est, non mediocri cum 
 gaudio obsecuti e nostro numero legavimus sodalem, qui in coetu vestro 
 ornatissimo grates, gratulationes, vota Universitatis Upsaliensis perferret. 
 Nam quod Societas vestra illustrissima magnum sane ac praeclarum sibi 
 proposuit, ut scientiam promo veret, id Universitates quoque pariter omnes 
 spectant et sequuntur, quamquam illis quidem tot tamque diversa sunt 
 munera sustinenda, ut baud semper tantum quantum optandum est in 
 scientia novis inventis augenda atque amplificanda elaborare valeant. Nihilo 
 tamen minus operae Universitatum atque industriae plurimi in optima quaque 
 arte excolenda debentur progressus ; cuius rei Universitas nostra iusta fiducia 
 memor eo vobis libentius ac sincerius ex animi sententia congratulatur, quod 
 Societas vestra illustrissima tarn egregie de omni humanitatis artiumque 
 liberalium cultura promerita est quodque tot tantosque viros, in suo quemque 
 genere praestantissimos, sodalium in numero habuit. Accedit, quo magis 
 etiam vobiscum gaudeamus, suavis memoria recordantium, praesidem ipsum 
 illustrissimum Societatis vestrae a nobis olim doctorem honorarium creatum 
 esse, unde maior etiam spes nobis certiorque fides suggeritur, amicitiam illam, 
 quasi dato pignore, permansuram, quae ut in posterum magis magisque 
 firmetur et corroboretur, valde nobis cordi erit. Magna spe tenemur, vos 
 in posterum quoque eadem, qua antea, ac maiore etiam fortuna usos multa 
 alia sollemnia saecularia cumulata gloria acturos. Valete nobisque favete. 
 
 Dabamus Upsaliae, mense Maw MCMXIL 
 
 Nomine Universitatis Upsaliensis: 
 
 HENRIK SCHUCK. 
 
 ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, STOCKHOLM 
 
 To THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDOX. It is with great and sincere pleasure 
 that the ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES has received an invitation from 
 your world-renowned Society to take part in the commemoration festival of 
 the 250th anniversary of the Society's foundation, to be held in London on 
 
66 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 the 16th of July and the two following days ; and the Swedish Academy has 
 thought fit to let itself be represented on this great occasion by its Vice- 
 President. Your venerable Society, which in the course of time has united 
 with itself the greatest scientific names in the history of the world, can with 
 legitimate pride look back upon a magnificent work in the service of science 
 and for the benefit of mankind. The Royal Swedish Academy therefore feels 
 impelled to convey their warmest felicitations, and at the same time to express 
 the conviction that your renowned Society will continue henceforth, as in the 
 past, to carry the standard of science high. 
 
 Stockholm, 20th June, 1912. 
 
 For the Royal Swedish Academy of Science : 
 
 H. G. SODERBAUM, President. 
 HJALMAR THEEL, v. Secretary. 
 
 SWITZERLAND 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF BERNE 
 
 UNIVERSITATIS LITTERARUM BERNENSIS RECTOR ET SENATUS SOCIETATIS REGIAE 
 LONDINIENSIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO SODALIBUS S. D. P. Postquam Societas 
 Regia illustrissima abhinc annos CCL Regis Caroli Secundi regio rescripto 
 constituta inter tot societates academias universitates vetustissimas et illus- 
 trissimas nostram quoque Almam Matrem in partem diei natalis ducentesimi 
 quinquagesimi celebrandi vocavit, libenti gratoque animo collegam nostrum 
 THEOPHILUM STUDER, Medicinae et Philosophiae doctorem, Zoologiae et 
 Anatomiae comparatae professorem publicum ordinarium, allegavimus, qui 
 vobis gratias ageret quam maximas gratulationisque nostrae interpres esset 
 disertissimus. Nostro igitur nomine gratuletur vobis ex animi sententia, 
 quod Societatis vestrae sodales inde a primis annis superstitione vulgari 
 impugnata mentis ingenii oculorum testimonio invocato praeter ceteros illorum 
 temporum viros doctos victoriam triumphumque communis qui dicitur sensus 
 effecerunt atque caligine, quae hominum ingeniis offusa erat, discussa totius 
 generis humani cultui atque saluti fortiter et strenue inserviverunt. Non 
 est quod singula omnium sodalium Societatis vestrae merita enumeremus, 
 qui inde ab Isaac Newton usque ad Caroluin Darwin in sua quisque scient'iae 
 naturalis disciplina principes fuerunt, sed nostro nobis iure liceat his diebus 
 festis civis nostri primarii Albrechti de Haller theatri anatomici Gottingensis 
 praesidis et rectoris, urbis Bernensis luminis et principis, memoriam renovare, 
 qui anno MDCCXLIII a Georgio II Rege Britanniae, cuius turn medicus 
 aulicus erat, ordini vestro adscriptus vita doctrina scriptis illo honore dignis- 
 simum se praebuit. Et quum his proximis annis Hugonem Kronecker, qui 
 nunc instituto physiologico Bernensi, quod Hallerianum vocatur, cum 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 67 
 
 diligentia et doctrina praeest, dignum iudicaveritis qui sodalis vester extraneus 
 sit, itaque Alma Mater Bernensis a longissimis temporibus artiore quodam 
 vinculo cum Societate Regia Londiniensi sit coniuncta, hodie pia vota nostra 
 cum vestris coniungimus, ut vivat crescat floreat Societas Regia in aeterna 
 tempora. Valete nobisque favete. 
 
 Dabamus Bernae, mense lulio anno MCMXII. 
 
 Litterarum Universitatis Bernensis h. t. Rector Magnificus : 
 
 CAROLUS MARTI, 
 
 Theologiae Doctor, Theologiae Linguarum Littera- 
 rumque Semiticarum prof. publ. ord. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA 
 
 L'UNIVERSITE DE GENEVE A THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR PROMOTING 
 NATURAL KNOWLEDGE. Le Recteur et le Senat de TUniversite de Geneve 
 nvoient leurs salutations au President et aux membres de la Royal Society of 
 London et leur expriment leurs plus vives felicitations a 1'occasion du glorieux 
 anniversaire celebre les 16, 17 et 18 Juillet. Nombreux sont les rapports qui 
 se sont etablis depuis 1'epoque de la Reformation entre les hommes de science 
 de la Grande Bretagne et de la Cite genevoise. Dans une adresse remarquable, 
 precieuse entre beaucoup, envoyee en 1909 a 1'Universite de Geneve, a 1'occasion 
 du jubile commemoratif de sa fondation, votre President rappelait les noms 
 de nos maitres qui ont figure sur la liste d'honneur de la Royal Society. Les 
 solennites du 250 e anniversaire de la fondation de votre Societe nous rappellent 
 deux noms de savants anglais qui nous sont chers : celui de Robert Boyle, 
 dont les grandes decouvertes sont precisement de 1'epoque ou votre illustre 
 Compagnie s'est constitute, et qui, peu de temps auparavant, passait comme 
 jeune etudiant deux annees a Geneve ; celui de Sir Humphry Davy qui, apres 
 avoir sejourne plus d'une fois dans notre ville, y decedait en 1829 et auquel 
 notre petite Republique, toujours jalouse des prerogatives de la haute culture, 
 fit des funerailles officielles. Ce souvenir s'est perpetue chez nous sous la 
 forme d'un prix universitaire qui porte le nom de Davy : recemment encore, la 
 vie de ce savant illustre etait donnee en exemple a nos etudiants dans une de nos 
 fetes academiques. II nous a paru utile d'evoquer ainsi le passe pour mieux 
 exprimer le caractere des liens qui unissent notre Universite a votre savante 
 Confrerie. Que la Royal Society continue a briller au premier rang des 
 societes scientifiques ! C'est le voeu tres sincere que forment le Recteur et le 
 Senat de TUniversite de Geneve. 
 
 Geneve, Juillet 1912. 
 
 Le Recteur, 
 
 Dr. A. MAYOR. 
 
 F2 
 
68 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE 
 
 L'UNIVERSITE DE LAUSANNE A LA SOCIETE ROYALE BRITANNIQUE. Monsieur 
 le President et Messieurs, Les circonstances ne nous ont pas permis de 
 repondre a votre appel et de vous envoyer un delegue. Mais nous tenons 
 a vous dire qu'en ces jours de fete nous prenons part a votre joie et que, en 
 vous presentant nos felicitations pour votre glorieux passe, nous faisons des vreux 
 pour votre avenir. Creee par le libre effort de quelques hommes avides de 
 penetrer les secrets de la Science, la Societe Royale a recu, voici deux cent 
 cinquante ans, sa premiere charte du roi d'Angleterre Charles II. Tot apres, 
 elle attirait, par ses lettres et ses publications, Tattention de tons les savants et 
 philosophes du continent. Elle n'a, dans la suite, plus cesse de croitre : 
 reunissant des materiaux scientifiques, enrichissant sans relache son admirable 
 bibliotheque, donnant le desir et le pouvoir de vivre a d'autres societes, ses 
 sreurs cadettes du Royaume Uni, groupant, a chaque generation, des 
 hommes toujours nouveaux, chercheurs modestes ou initiateurs illustres, qui 
 prirent part a ses travaux ou, tel le grand Newton, presiderent ses seances. 
 Aujourd'hui la Societe Royale est plus puissante, plus active que jamais ; elle 
 rend des services a Phumanite entiere ; il n'est personne, dans le monde de la 
 culture, qui ne connaisse et respecte son nom. Nous nous joignons a ceux qui 
 1'admirent et, avec tant d'autres, nous lui exprimons notre reconnaissance. 
 
 Lausanne, le Sjmllet 1912. 
 
 Au nom de TUniversite: 
 Le Recteur, 
 
 E. ROSSIER. 
 
 HELVETIC SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, GENEVA 
 
 LA SOCIETE HELVETIQUE DES SCIENCES NATURELLES A THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF 
 LONDON FOR PROMOTING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE. La Societe Helvetique des 
 Sciences Naturelles a tenu a honneur de s'associer au juste tribut d'hommages 
 qui seront rendus par les savants du monde entier a la Royal Society, 
 a Toccasion du 250 e anniversaire de sa fondation. Elle lui apporte ses voeux et 
 souhaits les plus sinceres pour Tavenir en meme temps que Texpression de sa 
 vive admiration pour le passe'. La Royal Society a droit a la profonde 
 reconnaissance de tous en raison des services incomparables rendus a la science 
 et a Thumanite par les hommes illustres qu'elle a comptes au nombre de ses 
 membres. Leur ceuvre admirable embrasse toutes les branches du savoir 
 humain et a rayonne au loin comme un phare etincelant au milieu de TOcean 
 des Sciences. Les naturalistes suisses saisissent cette occasion pour rappeler 
 le role considerable joue par la science anglaise dans Tetude de la grande 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 69 
 
 nature alpestre, role symbolise recemment par Terection du monument eleve 
 dans le site grandiose de Belalp a la memoire de I'illustre Tyndall et place 
 sous Tegide de la Societe Helvetique des Sciences naturelles et du Club alpin 
 suisse. Honneur soit aux savants dont les travaux portent actuellement au 
 loin la renommee de la Science anglaise ! Honneur soit a la Royal Society 
 qui n'a cesse de representer avec eclat la haute culture scientifique dans ce 
 qu'elle a de plus profond et de plus brillant. 
 
 Geneve, Juilkt 1912. 
 
 Pour le Comite Central de la Societe Helvetique des Sciences Naturelles : 
 
 Le President, Le Vice-President, Le Secretaire, 
 
 ED. SARASIN. R. CHODAT. PH. A. GUYE. 
 
 FEDERAL TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL, ZURICH 
 A LA SOCIETE ROYALE DE LONDRES, A L'OCCASION DE SON DEUX CENT CINQUAN- 
 
 TIEME ANNIVERSAIRE, L'ECOLE PoLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE APPORTE SES FELICITA- 
 TIONS ET SES HOMMAGES. Get anniversaire attire les regards du monde savant 
 tout entier vers votre Societe, si venerable par son glorieux passe, si jeune par 
 son inlassable activite. Vos fondateurs ont ete bien inspires, et doues en 
 quelque sorte d'une vue prophetique, quand ils assignment comme but a votre 
 Societe Texploration experimental de la Nature. Les deux cent cinquante 
 ans ecoules depuis lors furent d'une fecondite incomparablement plus grande 
 que les siecles qui les ont precedes. Des relations nouvelles ont ete decouvertes, 
 la chaleur et la mecanique, Toptique et Pelectricite se sont reunies dans des 
 sciences plus larges et le philosophe, de plus en plus, entre en possession d'une 
 vue d'ensemble des phenomenes naturels. Mais plus apparentes encore sont 
 les transformations operees dans les conditions de la vie materielle. Par une 
 serie de brillantes decouvertes Thomme a decuple ses moyens d'action, sa 
 richesse ; la duree de la vie elle-meme a ete prolongee. Dans cette osuvre, 
 Messieurs, votre part a ete grande. L'histoire de la Societe Royale est 
 Thistoire d'une notable fraction de la pensee humaine. Vos annales sont 
 pleines de noms glorieux, que nous ne pouvons tous enumerer. Quelques-uns, 
 tres grands, sont dans toutes les memoires et appartiennent a tous : Newton, 
 Faraday, Darwin, Maxwell, Joule, Kelvin. D'autres, presents parmi. vous et 
 tres grands aussi, continuent la lignee de ces illustres devanciers. La Suisse 
 que rapproche de votre pays la parente des institutions et un egal amour de la 
 liberte a, elle aussi, compris de bonne heure ce que peut la Science pour la 
 culture des esprits et la grandeur des nations. Penetree des pensees qui 
 animent votre Societe, elle doit a Tesprit experimental le developpement de 
 son Industrie et son role initiateur dans les auvres d'education. Les fetes 
 
70 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 auxquelles vous nous avez convies proclament bien haut la vertu efficace (Tune 
 idee qui fut la votre et qui nous est chere. Elles prouvent au monde entier 
 qu'une institution, pour prosperer, pour devenir non seulement grande par la 
 Science, mais aussi puissante par son action et bienfaisante par son rayonne- 
 ment, doit rester en communion intime avec la masse de I'humanite qu'elle 
 eclaire et qu'elle guide dans sa marche vers de lointaines destinees. La Suisse 
 s'associe avec une emotion profonde a des fetes qui sont celles de la Science 
 tout entiere et aux voeux que 1'humanite pensante forme pour la Societe Royale. 
 
 Zurich, Juillet 1912. 
 
 Au nom de PEcole Poly technique Federale : 
 
 Le President du Cornell, Le Recteur, 
 
 Dr. R. GNEHM. THEODOR VETTER. 
 
 JAPAN 
 
 IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY, TOKYO 
 
 ADDRESS OF CONGRATULATION FROM THE IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO TO 
 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. (Translation.) The Imperial University of 
 Tokyo is much honoured in being invited by the Royal Society of London to 
 participate in the celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of 
 its foundation, and is delighted to join with other Universities and Learned 
 Societies in tendering most hearty congratulations on this memorable occasion. 
 So marvellous has been the progress of Science during the last two and a half 
 centuries, and so illustrious the history of the Royal Society, its foremost 
 promoter, that we cannot, in this short address, refer in adequate terms to 
 any of the individual work of its Fellows, however important that work may 
 be. We can but gratefully recall the fact that the two fundamental laws of 
 Nature the law of universal attraction and the law of evolution were both 
 brought to light by the Fellows of the Royal Society, one of whom held the 
 office of President for the long period of twenty-four years and is, probably, 
 the greatest man of science the world has ever produced. We would rather 
 signalize the profound influence which the Royal Society has had upon man's 
 thought. By steadfastly pursuing the great and noble object with which it 
 was founded, the Royal Society has not only enlarged the bounds of man's 
 knowledge and increased his power and happiness to an extent almost beyond 
 words, but has also, especially during the last half-century, broken down 
 inherited prejudices and traditional opinions, established freer and more 
 direct methods of reasoning, and altogether raised the standard and widened 
 the sphere of man's thought. And, immense as are the material benefits 
 which Science has conferred upon mankind, this greater intellectual freedom 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 71 
 
 and this wider range of thought, which have chiefly followed from the work 
 of the Royal Society, are certainly not of less price. Moreover, when we 
 remember that the bringing in of this liberal mental attitude has been of 
 immense service in remodelling the civilization of Japan within the last fifty 
 years, we feel that no words can adequately express our deep sense of 
 gratitude. If, on this occasion of world-wide significance, we are allowed to 
 refer to another matter, which still more directly concerns the Imperial 
 University of Tokyo, we would gratefully record the valuable assistance 
 rendered to us in past days by several, who have since become Fellows of the 
 Royal Society, in fostering the spirit of scientific investigation in this country. 
 We must not omit to express our grateful thanks also for the active part 
 taken by the Royal Society in initiating and organizing the International 
 Catalogue of Scientific Literature and the International Association of 
 Academies. Such international organizations are not only of great impor- 
 tance for the primary objects with which they have been established, but will 
 also be a powerful means of promoting the brotherhood of mankind. In 
 conclusion, the Imperial University of Tokyo tenders its most hearty good 
 wishes for the prosperity of the Royal Society and hopes that in the future, as 
 in the past, it may lead the world in ' The Promotion of Natural Knowledge \ 
 On behalf of the Imperial University of Tokyo. 
 
 BARON ARATA HAMAO, President. 
 The fifteenth of June, one thousand nine hundred and twelve. 
 
 To THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR IMPROVING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE, 
 GREETINGS FROM THE IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY OF KYOTO. The progress of the 
 world is due to the development of science and art. Especially has the advance- 
 ment of the physical sciences been a predominant factor in producing the 
 increased welfare of humanity. The philosophy, the literature, and the Arts 
 of every age are the flowers of its endeavour ; but it is always the advance- 
 ment of the physical sciences that increases our knowledge of nature and 
 points the way to its exploitation, thus substantially promoting the well- 
 being of mankind. Great Britain has produced many scholars remarkable in 
 different spheres of human learning ; but those who are distinguished in the 
 physical sciences are especially numerous. This is due in part to the 
 innate character of the English people who particularly love positive and 
 practical knowledge ; yet more especially is it due to those varied means for 
 promoting and encouraging scientific research in which Great Britain abounds. 
 The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge was estab- 
 lished with the approval of Charles II, and incorporated in sixteen hundred 
 
72 
 
 and sixty-two. It is the oldest scientific association in Great Britain, and 
 one of the oldest in the world. Among its fellows are included those of the 
 greatest scientific eminence in Great Britain; and by their indefatigable 
 activity in the realm of natural science and by their keen counsel, the Society 
 has wonderfully fulfilled its purpose. The institution, by the Society, of the 
 annual grants for the promotion of scientific research, and of awards of 
 various medals to those making important discoveries, has been of great 
 service to the progress of knowledge in physical sciences. The publications of 
 the Society are among the most useful agencies for encouraging and dis- 
 seminating scientific information throughout the world ; and by them Japan 
 has been greatly benefited. The Imperial University of Kyoto appreciates 
 highly the Society's cordial invitation to participate in the celebration of its 
 two hundred and fiftieth anniversary, and herewith commissions her repre- 
 sentative to attend the ceremony, paying honour to the Society's glorious past 
 and praying for its still more glorious future. 
 July 16, 1912. 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
 
 CLARK UNIVERSITY, WORCESTER 
 
 PRAESIDI ET Socus SOCIETATIS REGIAE APUD LONDINENSES UNIVERSITAS 
 CLARKIANA Salutem ! Viri doctissimi, magno cum gaudio accepimus litteras 
 humanissimas, quibus nos ad celebrandum festum diem quo ante hos CCL 
 annos Societas vestra diplomate regis constituta est, invitastis ac libentes 
 merito nobis videmur vestrae laetitiae participes esse. Itaque legatum nostra- 
 rumque gratulationum interpretem creamus et ad vos mittimus virum 
 insignem, magistrum exploratoremque rerum naturae, ARTHURUM GORDON 
 WEBSTER, Ph.D., Sc.D., LL.D., physicorum professorem in Universitate 
 Clarkiana. Non ignoramus longissimam seriem inclutorum virorum qui 
 Societatem Regiam ornaverunt et ornant ; inter alios Newton, Davy, Faraday, 
 Young, Hooker, Huxley, Stokes, Kelvin, Lister, Rayleigh, Geikie. Neque 
 enim de sola patria Britannica, sed de genere humano Societas vestra propter 
 naturam explorandam merita est. lure consanguineo gratulamur vobis, 
 quod, si liceat parvum magno conferre, haec Universitas nostra instar Socie- 
 tatis vestrae ad promovendam scientiam rerum experientia condita est. 
 
 Datum in urbe Vigomia apud Massackusettenses, die XXIV mensis Mali 
 MCMXIL 
 
 G. STANLEY HALL, Praeses. 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 73 
 
 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK 
 
 CURATORES UNIVERSITATIS COLUMBIAE IN URBE Novo EBORACO PRAESIDI 
 CONCILIO SODALIBUS SociETATis REGANS S. P. D. Perquam nobis acceptum 
 exoptatumque accidit quod nos eorum sollemnium testes participesque esse 
 voluistis quibus diem natalem Societatis vestrae per annos iam ducentos quin- 
 quaginta in scientia naturali promovenda florentis propediem celebraturi essetis. 
 Neque enim fieri poterat quin series ilia mirabilis rerum inventarum per 
 quas toti generi humane non solum via et ratio naturam complectendi sed 
 etiam vitae condicio cotidianae tantum in melius mutata esset, nos quoque 
 penitus commoveret. Nam si primam memoriam ordinis vestri repetere libet 
 et recordari quam longe aliter de specie et ratione naturae illo atque hoc 
 tempore vulgo senserint, difficile est eis satis digne gratias agere qui ingeniis 
 studiisque effecerunt ut hodie et qualia sint foedera naturae tanto subtilius 
 intellegamus et qualis necessitudo inter hominem ipsum et universam naturam 
 intercedat tanto liberius iudicemus. Longum est nee vero hoc loco necesse 
 eminent enim omnibusque qui sapiunt in ore sunt eos recensere paene innu- 
 merabiles qui vestrae Societatis sodales se in caecas veri latebras insinuave- 
 runt atque inde victores quid fieri posset, quid nequiret rettulerunt. Duo 
 autem, Carolus Lyell et Carolus Darwin, summo ingenio praestantes, nullius, 
 ut vobis moris est, addicti iurare in verba magistri, rerum cognoscere causas 
 tarn feliciter potuerunt ut si quis reperta eorum praetermittere velit, nullo iam 
 modo neque de hoc orbe terrae neque de vi et natura animantium neque de 
 ipsa omnium hominum consortione quicquam recte cogitare queat. Hi et tot 
 alii ex ordine vestro illustrissimo vitam humanam per inventas artes excolue- 
 runt omnesque sui memores iure fecerunt merendo. Namque eos, ut ait 
 Lucretius divinus ille poeta, 
 
 usus et impigrae simul experientia mentis 
 paulatim docuit pedetemptim progredientis : 
 sic unum quicquid paulatim protrahit aetas 
 in medium ratioque in luminis erigit oras. 
 
 Itaque libenter vobis morigerantes, NICOLAUM MURRAY BUTLER, Universitatis 
 nostrae praesidem, virum et multiplici ingenio praeditum et, ut verbis Evelyn 
 vestri utamur, omnia explorare meliora retinere solitum, ad vos legavimus per 
 quern velut praesentes et vobis partam gloriam gratularemur et ut peractis 
 paria essent futura saecula exoptaremus. Valete. 
 
 Dabamus Novi Eboraci, Idibus luniis anno Salutis MDCCCCXII. 
 
 GEORGE L. TIVES, Curatonim Magister. 
 JOHN B. PINE, A Secretis. 
 
74 
 
 CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y. 
 
 UNIVERSITAS CORNELLIANA SOCIETATIS REGALIS LONDINIENSIS PRAESIDI CON- 
 CILIO SODALIBUSQUE Salutem Plurimam Dicit. Vobis, viri doctissimi, ex 
 animo gratulamur quod Societas vestra annos ducentos quinquaginta peregit 
 laboribus abundantes qui famam vestram gloriamque ad ultimas oras pertu- 
 lerint. Summa quidem voluptate cum ceteris universitatibus orbis totius 
 terrarum matris societatum omnium quae ad scientiam naturalem potissimum 
 spectant promovendam diem natalem reverentes concelebramus. Consilia 
 eorum qui die illo memorabili abhinc tot annos fundamenta vestra iecerunt 
 vos sum ma cum laude exsecuti estis atque indagationis rationes veras legesque 
 inter omnes gentes splendidissime promovistis. Nos Americani vobiscum non 
 lingua solum communi sed etiam eisdem sententiis animisque coniunctissimi 
 quodam modo sentimus viros illustres illos innumerabiles qui annales vestros 
 nominibus illustraverint quosque vos incitatos coronaveritis nobis quoque 
 ipsis esse honori gloriaeque. Quod vos et illi tempore praeterito exemplum 
 tarn insigne ceteris ad imitandum proposuistis nos quidem gratiam habemus 
 merito infinitam. Quod ad posteros pertinet speramus, quin etiam confidimus 
 Societatem vestram annis cedentibus saeculisque beneficia generi toti humano 
 benignius etiam atque copiosius esse diffusuram. Cuius Societatis in honorem 
 JOHANNEM HENRICUM COMSTOCK entomologiae in Universitate nostra professo- 
 rem mittebamus qui illis diebus felicibus faustisque mensis lulii proximi 
 nostro ipsorum nomine interesset gaudii vestri particeps votorum nostrorum 
 
 interpres atque voluntatis amicissimae. 
 
 J. G. SCHURMAN, Praeses. 
 
 D. VIII K. Apr. A. D. MDCCCCXII, Ithaca ex Civitate Noveboracensi. 
 
 HARVARD UNIVERSITY 
 
 UNIVERSITAS HARVARDIANA REGIAE SOCIETATI S. P. D. Societati vestrae 
 vetustissimae, O viri clarissimi et illustrissimi, propter res in scientia promo- 
 venda gestas, propter sodales, propter nummos viris excellentibus donates, 
 propter illas Transactiones Philosophicas laude summa atque gloria ornatae, 
 nostra Universitas his laetis diebus honore potius recepto quam conlato 
 gratulationes facit maximas. De expeditionibus vero terra marique susceptis, 
 de investigationibus, excogitationibus, inventionibusque ex quibus Sodales 
 Regiae Societatis gloriam immortalem consecuti sunt atque de omnibus rebus, 
 ne plura dicamus, quae hac Societate fovente naturalem scientiam auxerunt, 
 vobis gratulamur. Propter studium autem vestrum atque industriam in 
 rerum naturalium cognitione positam meritissimo ad tarn altum dignitatis 
 gradum pervenistis ut beneficia quae omnes cupiunt, pauci adipiscuntur in 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 75 
 
 praeclarissimos atque illustrissimos vobis conferre liceat. Nobis igitur eos 
 recordantibus huius Universitatis alumnos quos sodales peregrines cooptavistis 
 inter alios ilium qui fluminum glacialium est fluxionem mensus et hunc 
 quern nullum sidus umquam fefellit animum spirituraque adsumimus. Nee 
 de memoria excidere potest ille comes, genere Americanus, civitate Anglus, 
 domicilio diu Germanus, qui apud vos nummum memorialem suum instituit, 
 apud nos artem physicam profitendam pecuniis suis curavit. Quibus vinculis 
 vobiscum coniuncti gaudio laetitiaque, ita ut decet, hoc quidem tempore festo 
 complemur atque precamur ut qua laude per saecula peracta Regia Societas 
 ornata est eadem aut etiam maiore si tantum sperare licet per nova 
 
 saecula in perpetuum fruatur. Valete. 
 
 Scribendo adfuit 
 
 A. L. LOWELL, Praeses. 
 
 Datum Cantabrigiae in Aula Universitati^ Kal. lun. A.D. MDCCCCXII, 
 Coll Harv. CCLXXVL 
 
 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE 
 
 UXIVERSITAS HOPKINSIEXSIS SOCIETATI REGALT PRO SCIEXTIA NATURALI PROMO- 
 VEXDA S. P. D. Nomen Societatis Regalis et gloriam illorum qui inter Sodales 
 vestros scientiam promoverunt quis doctorum hominum animo non percepit et 
 memoria custodivit ? Qua de causa vos comprobamus et vehementer laudamus 
 quod, festo per triduum d. XVI-XVIII mensis lulii agendo, illos sodales 
 celeberrimos singular! honore decoraturi estis, et voluptate afficimur non 
 mediocri quod nos participes esse voluistis. Ergo incluta Societas vestra quae 
 rescripto Caroli Secundi constituta iam natalem suum ducentesimum et quin- 
 quagesimum vidit nos absentes precamur ut semper novetur et augeatur. 
 Atque ut dies festos quos acturi estis eo quo par est honore prosequamur, ex 
 nostro ordine Academico GULIELMUM BULLOCK CLARK delegimus professorem 
 illustrem virum Geologiae peritissimum qui praesens vobis gratulandi munus 
 obiret et vobiscum Sodalium vestrorum memoriam debita laetitia et religione 
 celebraret. 
 
 Dabamus Baltimorae, Kal, lun. MCMXII. 
 
 IRA REMSEN, Praeses. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
 
 SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRAESIDI, CONCILIO ET SODALIBUS PRAESES ET SENATUS 
 UXIVERSITATIS MicHiGAXEXsiUM S. P. D. Pergratae nobis sunt litterae 
 vestrae, viri eruditissimi, in omni scientiarum genere praeclari, quibus nos 
 certiores facitis vos consilium iniisse natalem vestrae Societatis illustrissimae, 
 quinquagesimo lustro feliciter exacto, festis sollemnibus celebrandi, et nos 
 
76 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 liberaliter invitatis ut legemus qui gaudiis vestris caerimoniisque intersit. 
 Adlegavimus GULIELMUM HERBERT HOBBS, professorem in nostra Universitate, 
 qui unus pro cunctis vestrae Societati gratuletur et vestris studiis in scientia 
 promovenda laetos in perpetuum successus exoptet. 
 
 HARRY B. HUTCHINS, Praeses. 
 ARTHUR G. HALL, Sec. Senatus. 
 Dabamus Annarbore, die III mensis Maii anno MCMX1I. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIA 
 
 UNIVERSITAS PENNSYLVANIENSIS SOCIETATI REGIAE S. P. D. Litteras 
 vestras quibus nos quoque ad natalem ducentensimum quinquagensimum 
 Societatis Regiae concelebrandum benevole invitastis haud cum parvo gaudio 
 accepimus. Vincula enim perlibenter agnoscimus quibus omnes academiae 
 inter se continentur, nee possumus oblivisci eum quern inter conditores nostrae 
 Universitatis iusto iure nominemus, Beniamin Franklin, Societatis Regiae 
 sodalem fuisse. Itaque, viri doctissimi, voluntati vestrae obsecuti, legato de 
 nostro numero electo imperavimus ut vobis festos dies merito agentibus 
 gratuletur et verbis nostris vobis fausta omnia precetur. Valete. 
 
 Datum Philadelphia^, mense Maio, anno Domini milensimo nongenten- 
 simo duodecimo. 
 
 EDGAR F. SMITH, Praefectus. 
 
 EDWARD ROBINS, Sigilli custos. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 
 
 SOCIETATI REGALI LONDINIENSI per tot annos feliciter exactos lumen scientiae 
 praetendenti, numen veritatis pie colenti, immo quasi soli sapientiae in caelo 
 refulgenti, gloriam dei in operibus manuum eius annuntianti, eo ut in fines 
 orbis terrae exierint mortalibus verba vestra, audita audienda oboedienda, nos 
 quoque qui, ut verbis Tullianis utamur, trahimur et ducimur ad cognitionis et 
 scientiae cupiditatem, in qua excellere pulchrum putamus, labi autem errare 
 nescire decipi et malum et turpe ducimus, sodalitati vestrae illustrissimae 
 lustrum quinquagesimum iam iam impleturae, per praesidem ordinis nostri 
 academici IOANNEM GRIER HIBBEN, qui has litteras vobis adferet praesens, fausta 
 felicia fortunata ore more amore exoptamus Praeses Curatores Professores 
 UNIVERSITATIS PRINCETONIENSIS. 
 
 Dabamus Princetoniae in Aula Nassovica, Kal. lun. MCMXII. 
 
 C. W. McALPIN, Ab actis. 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 77 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN 
 
 To THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN sends 
 to the Royal Society of London its congratulations on the two hundred and 
 fiftieth Anniversary of its foundation, a memorable event in the history of the 
 oldest and most noted scientific society of the English-speaking people. Its 
 long roll of members contains the names of many men who have initiated 
 great movements in science, and includes others less distinguished by whose 
 wisdom and labour science has become enriched. By the lives and work of 
 these men the Royal Society has contributed in large measure to the great 
 intellectual heritage of England, and through that nation to the enlightenment 
 and freedom of the human race. The University of Wisconsin, while gratefully 
 recognizing with all the world of learning this unique service, has the con- 
 fident belief that the Royal Society during the centuries to come will continue 
 its illustrious history. 
 
 CHARLES R. VAN HISE, President. 
 
 AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, BOSTON 
 ACADEMIA ARTIUM ET SCIENTIARUM AMERICANA PRAESIDI CONCILIO SODALI- 
 
 BUSQUE SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRO SdENTIA NATURALI PfiOMOVENDA. Omnium 
 
 orbis terrarum societatum eruditarum quae lingua Anglica utuntur matri, 
 filia, ipsa aetatis non spernendae, Academia Artium et Scientiarum Americana, 
 hoc die natali eius ducentesimo quinquagesimo plurimam dicit salutem atque 
 alterum sperat totidem annorum saeculum non minorem gloriam ei quam 
 primum attulerit, cum maiorem non possit, esse allaturum. Legatum ad vos, 
 viri doctissimi et clarissimi, mittit haec Academia scribam suum ab epistolis, 
 EDVINUM HERBERTUM HALL, Universitatis Harvardianae Philosophiae Naturalis 
 Professorem, qui ipse gratulationes Academiae ferat atque vobiscum Societatem 
 vestram fundatam concelebret. Valete. 
 
 Datum Bostomae, die XXVI mensis lunii MCMXII, in nomine Academiae 
 Americanae. 
 
 JOHN TROWBRIDGE, Praeses. 
 
 CONNECTICUT ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS 
 
 PRAESES ET Socn ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM ET ARTIUM CONNECTICUTENSIS 
 PRAESIDI CONCILIO SODALIBUS SOCIETATIS REGALIS S. P. D. lucundum 
 profecto et honorific um nobis accidit quod participes esse possumus laetitiae 
 vestrae et interesse sacris saecularibus quibus natalem vestrum celebrandum 
 constituistis. Animi igitur sensus qui nostro nomine coram testetur legatum 
 
78 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 ad vos misimus ERNESTUM GULIELMUM BROWN vestrae Societatis nostraeque 
 Academiae sodalem et in Universitate Yalensi professorem. Valete nobisque 
 favete. 
 
 Dabamus Novo Portu in Re Publica Connecticutensi, Id. Apr. A.D. 
 
 SIMEON E. BALDWIN, Praeses. 
 
 AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, PHILADELPHIA 
 
 SOCIETAS PHILOSOPHICA AMERICANA S. P. D. SOCIETATI REGIAE. Vobis, viri 
 illustrissimi, nos ex animo gratulari liceat, quod Societas vestra, non vetus 
 tantum et antiqua, sed summo etiam in honore per totum orbem terrarum 
 merito habita, natalem ducentensimum quinquagensimum optimis hoc anno 
 celebratura est auspiciis. Et est cur id libentiore etiam faciamus animo. 
 Namque omnes ubique societates, quae ad scientiam promovendam sunt 
 constitutae, communi artium et scientiarum studio sunt consociatae ; Societas 
 autem Regia cum principalem inter omnes tenet locum, turn artioribus cum 
 nostra vinculis est coniuncta. Conditor enim noster, Beniamin Franklin, ipse 
 Societatis Regiae sodalis, cum in Terra Nova sodalitatem instituere vellet, quae 
 scientiam utilem, ut ipsis illius verbis utamur, promoveret, usque ab initio 
 Societatem Regiam oculis proponebat ut exemplum dignissimum quod 
 imitaretur. Ubi vero anno millensimo septingentensimo quadragensimo tertio 
 ex sodalitate ab illo condita, cui lunto nomen dedit, provenit Societas 
 Philosophica Americana, Societatis vestrae propositum atque rationem voluit 
 et imitari et, quoad tamen potuit, aemulari. Quae affinitatis vincula semper 
 artiora fiunt fiantque. Quibus de causis quasi fratres natu minores fratribus 
 nostris eisdem pro studiis trans Oceanum laborantibus gratulationes votaque 
 mittimus, et spem fovemus certissimam fore ut Societas Regia sempiterna 
 floreat gloria. Valete. 
 
 Datum Philadelphiae, ante diem quintum Kalendas Iidias, anno Domini 
 millensimo nongentensimo duodecimo. 
 
 WILLIAM W. KEEN, Praeses. 
 
 I. MINIS HAYS, Ab epistulis. 
 
 FRANKLIN INSTITUTE, PHILADELPHIA 
 
 To the President. Officers, and Fellows of THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON 
 for the Promotion of Natural Knowledge. THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE OF THE 
 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts extends to 
 you cordial greetings and sincere congratulations on the happy occasion of the 
 two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of the Incorporation of your Society. 
 Few charters looking to the progress and welfare of peoples have resulted in 
 greater benefits to civilization than that granted to the Royal Society by 
 King Charles II, and no similar society can boast such a long and unbroken 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 79 
 
 chain of illustrious men whose labours have done so much to unravel the secrets 
 of nature and subdue her forces to the uses of man. The Franklin Institute 
 is glad to have this opportunity to acknowledge its deep indebtedness for the 
 inspiration and incentive continuously derived since its founding from the 
 Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society and from the many 
 distinguished men who have represented the Society in America. 
 Philadelphia, U. S. A,, July 15, 1912. 
 
 COLEMAN SELLERS, Jr., Vice-President. 
 
 R. B. OWENS, Secretary. 
 
 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON 
 
 THE TRUSTEES AND THE INVESTIGATORS OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF 
 WASHINGTON extend greeting and congratulations to the Royal Society of 
 London on the occasion of the celebration of its two hundred and fiftieth 
 Anniversary. With sentiments of admiration and gratitude for the encourage- 
 ment of investigation and for the contributions to knowledge which have 
 rendered the Royal Society of London illustrious in the annals of science, 
 we of the younger organization for the promotion of research tender this 
 tribute of appreciation to the officers and fellows of the older organization, 
 and wish for them and their successors a long-continued career in the 
 advancement of learning, understanding, and progress throughout the world. 
 
 ROBERT S. WOODWARD, President. 
 
 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, WASHINGTON 
 
 THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES sends its cordial greeting to the 
 Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge on the occasion 
 of the celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of its 
 foundation. The National Academy of Sciences, having been incorporated 
 as adviser on matters scientific by an act of the Congress of the United 
 States of America, desires, with the congratulations of its members, to express 
 their admiration and indebtedness to the Royal Society of London. Progress 
 has marked its life, and its contributions to science are acknowledged by the 
 world. The Royal Society has a heritage of historic glory which is an 
 inspiration to the learned body which expresses itself in a common language. 
 With felicitations go the earnest hopes of the Members of the Academy for 
 the long life and increasing achievements of the oldest scientific society in 
 Great Britain. The National Academy of Sciences has chosen DR. ARNOLD 
 HAGUE, its Home Secretary, to convey this message to the Royal Society and 
 to unite with representatives of other institutions of learning in celebrating 
 the event. In behalf of the Council and Members of the Academy. 
 
 Washington, June 3, 1912. 
 
 IRA REMSEN, President. 
 
80 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON 
 
 THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AT WASHINGTON sends cordial greeting 
 to the Royal Society upon the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth 
 Anniversary of its foundation. In compliance with the request of the 
 President, the Council, and the Members of the Society, the Secretary of the 
 Smithsonian Institution takes pleasure in designating ARNOLD HAGUE, Pn.B., 
 Sc.D., LL.D., M.N.A.S., Geologist of the United States Geological Survey, as 
 the representative of the Smithsonian Institution at the celebration. In 
 offering its congratulations, the Smithsonian Institution calls to mind, with 
 great satisfaction, the circumstance that its founder was for more than forty 
 years a member of the Royal Society. The unparalleled achievements in 
 science, extending over two and a half centuries, which have made the name 
 of the Royal Society known and honoured throughout the world, are an 
 unfailing source of inspiration to the Smithsonian Institution in its labours for 
 the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men. 
 
 Attest: CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Secretary. 
 June the fifteenth. One thousand nine hundred and twelve. 
 
 UNITED STATES COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY, WASHINGTON 
 
 To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. The 
 members of the UNITED STATES COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY, admiring 
 followers of the illustrious men whose names adorn the records of the Royal 
 Society, send greetings and congratulations on the two hundred and fiftieth 
 Anniversary of the founding of the Society, whose activities have been the 
 inspiration of succeeding generations of scientific workers. 
 
 Washington, July 1912. 
 
 O. H. TITTMAN, Superintendent. 
 
 WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
 
 THE OFFICERS AND THE MEMBERS OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF 
 SCIENCES extend greetings and congratulations to the Royal Society of 
 London on the occasion of the celebration of its two hundred and fiftieth 
 Anniversary. With the admiration of a disciple, the younger Society for the 
 increase of Knowledge hails the elder Society, now dignified by age and 
 illustrious by achievement, and wishes for it continued prosperity and renown. 
 
 FREDERICK V. COVILLE, President. 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 81 
 
 BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS 
 AUSTRALIA 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES 
 
 UNIVERSITAS SYDNEIENSIS SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO SODALIBUSQUE 
 Salutem. Gratum admodum nobis, viri doctissimi, fecistis quod nos ad 
 celebrandum vobiscum natalem Societatis vestrae ducentesimum quinqua- 
 gesimum tarn benigne invitastis. Nostra quidem laude parum indiget Societas 
 Regalis, cuius tot praesides et sodales scientiae naturalis, complures iam per 
 aetates, praeclarissima lumina fuerunt ; ita ut ea certe fundanda Rex Carolus 
 Secundus, qui nunquam, uti fertur, locutus est insulse, fecerit etiam sapien- 
 tissime. Voluntati vestrae libenter obsecuti, adlegamus ANDERSON STUART, 
 M.D., LL.D., Physiologiae Professorem ac Facultatis Medicinae Decanum, 
 qui feriis vestris intersit, quique ut semper floreat Societas vestra, teneatque 
 semper praecipuum ilium inter tales toto orbe terrarum societates locum 
 quern tot per annos fere omnium consensu obtinuit, nostro nomine optet 
 et precetur. 
 
 Datum Sydneiae, Nonis Maiis^ MCMXIL 
 
 H. N. MACLAURIN, Cancellarius. 
 ROBERT A. DALLEN, h. t. Registrarius. 
 
 ROYAL SOCIETY OF TASMANIA, HOBART 
 
 THE PRESIDENT, ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Sir, The President, Council, 
 and Members of the ROYAL SOCIETY OF TASMANIA desire, most cordially and 
 sincerely, to offer to the Royal Society of London their heartiest congratu- 
 lations on the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of its foundation. 
 Honoured by the name of the parent Society, and working to promote its 
 objects in Tasmania, we join with other kindred bodies in gratefully recalling 
 the past of the Royal Society of London, rich in names of men who have 
 profoundly influenced the progress of Science, and who for such service have 
 gained world-wide renown. On this Anniversary not the least cause of pride 
 in the great work of the Society must be the thought that its methods and 
 ideals are animating the lives of men in parts of the world entirely unknown 
 to its distinguished founders. We, at this time, also recall the fact that 
 
82 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 it was at the instance of the Royal Society of London that Captain James 
 Cook was sent out by the English Admiralty on that voyage which led 
 to such remarkable results in the history of these Southern Lands, results 
 none the less famous in Science from the labours of Sir Joseph Banks, 
 afterwards your President for over forty years. The Royal Society of 
 London has ever been pre-eminent in promoting the highest ideals of 
 knowledge and truth. It has helped in a unique degree to mould the 
 intellectual life not only of Britain but also of Europe and the whole civilized 
 world. While it is impossible to estimate the enormous influence that has 
 radiated from it during the two and a half centuries of its existence, yet this 
 aspect may be specially noted : there can be no national bond stronger than 
 that of common scientific interest, and in carrying out its more definite 
 objects the Royal Society of London has also been eminently assisting to 
 draw closer the political and social bonds of the Empire. The Royal Society 
 of Tasmania names as its delegate and representative to convey this greeting, 
 GREGORY SPROTT, M.D., Member of the Council. Signed on behalf of the 
 Council and Members of the Royal Society of Tasmania. 
 
 HARRY BARRON, President. 
 
 GAM. H. BUTLER, Chairman of the Council 
 Hobart, May, 1912. 
 
 ROYAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA, MELBOURNE 
 
 THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA, 
 a humble but aspiring unit of the body of seekers after knowledge, send hearty 
 greetings to the Royal Society of London, its great mother and prototype, on the 
 completion of the 250th year of its valuable life. The faithful work of many 
 devoted students of nature in the London Society has brought fresh light into 
 countless dark places, and the stimulus given by them, rolling like a wave to the 
 remotest corners of the British Empire, inspires distant workers in the fields 
 of science with energy and hope to new endeavours. The Royal Society of 
 Victoria gratefully acknowledges its debt to these noble men, and ventures to 
 trust that the efforts of its own members to emulate the work of the parent 
 Society may have added some vigour to the growth of the Tree of Knowledge, 
 that by continuing so to do it may be for ever weaving fibres of kinship that 
 shall assimilate its results ever more closely to those of its illustrious progenitor. 
 By order of the Council : 
 
 J. R. HOGG, Fellow of the Royal Society of Victoria, Delegate 
 to the Meetings celebrating the 250th anniversary of the 
 foundation of the Royal Society of London. 
 
 July, 1912. 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 83 
 
 CANADA 
 M c GiLL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL 
 
 To THE ROYAL SOCIETY on the occasion of the celebration of the two 
 hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of the beginning of a career in the course 
 of which it has won world-wide fame for the great benefits it has conferred 
 on mankind by the advancement of scientific knowledge and the practical 
 application of that knowledge to the needs of human life M c GiLL UNIVERSITY 
 sends heartiest greetings and best wishes for continued prosperity and 
 usefulness. 
 
 STRATHCONA, Chancellor. 
 
 W. PETERSON, LL.D., D.LITT., Principal 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO 
 
 CANCELLARIUS ET SENATUS UNIVERSITATIS TORONTONENSIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO 
 ETSODALIBUS REGALE SOCIETATIS LONDINI S. P. D. Gratulamur vobis, viri illu- 
 strissimi, vos annum ducentesimum quinquagesimum a Regali Societate inau- 
 gurata feriis saecularibus celebrare. Gratias agimus quod nos, ut feriis vestris 
 per vicarios adsimus, invitastis et, ut gratulationem nostram ad vos ferat, 
 ROBERTUM ALEXANDRUM FALCONER, M.A., LL.D., D.Lrrr., C.M.G., praesidem 
 nostrum, constituimus et delegavimus. Quod quidem a nobis vos summo iure 
 impetratis. li enim qui in hac Universitate cognitioni rerum naturae operam 
 dant quorum e numero quattuor sunt Sodales Regalis Societatis exempla, 
 quae vestra Societas praeposuit, sequuntur et imitantur. Nee enim gloria 
 vestra apud Britannos solum viget et apud exteras nationes quae angusto mari 
 a Britannia dividuntur. Multum quoque hoc Septentrionali orbe valetis. 
 Haud immerito. Viris enim paene divinis qui vestra gerunt et semper 
 gesserunt, eum, quo mine utimur, ordinem rerum et cultum acceptum referre 
 possumus. Illi enim prima clara voce praedicant ilia Baconiana: Artes et 
 scientias per experimentationem solum et observationem promoveri : scientiam 
 et potentiam humanam in idem coincidere. 
 
 W. R. MEREDITH, Cancellarivs. 
 
 JAMES BREBNER, Registrants. 
 D. ex Aede Academ. Toronton., Id. lun., MCMXII. 
 
 G 2 
 
84 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 NOVA SCOTIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, HALIFAX, N.S. 
 
 SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO SODALIBUS SOCIETAS SCIENTIARUM 
 QUAE IN NOVA SCOTIA EST S. P. D. Societas pro Scientia Natural! promovenda, 
 quae in Nova Scotia est, partem aliquam habere cupit in gratulationibus, 
 quae nunc ex omnibus regionibus in quibus sedem invenerit Scientia, vobis 
 offeruntur, quod mox natalem ducentensimum quinquagensimum vestrae 
 Societatis celebraturi estis. Splendide quidem Societas Regalis stimulando 
 et propagando assidue continenterque per tot saecula scientiarum studio 
 se praestitit cum primam turn inclutissimam inter societates quae in imperio 
 nostro Scientiam colunt ; et iuste, inter multa alia, gloriari potest in societa- 
 tibus quae eisdem studiis se dederunt, quae permultae ubicunque terrarum 
 homines lingua Anglica utuntur, diffusae sunt ; nam huic uni hae omnes 
 originem suam debent. Semper viam monstret Societas Regalis atque in 
 scientia promovenda et propaganda et civitatis necessitatibus adhibenda 
 semper sit princeps. 
 
 Datum Halifaxiae, Kalendis luliis MCMXII. 
 
 W. L. BISHOP, Praeses. 
 HARRY PIERS, Secretarvus. 
 
 INDIA 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF BOMBAY 
 
 To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY or 
 LONDON, on the occasion of the 250th Anniversary of the Constitution 
 of the Society by Royal Warrant. THE UNIVERSITY OF BOMBAY, in accepting 
 the invitation of the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society 
 of London to send a delegate to the celebration of the two hundred and 
 fiftieth Anniversary of its constitution by King Charles II, desires to convey 
 through its representative, DR. F. G. SELBY, M.A. (Oxon.), LL.D. (Bom.), 
 its cordial felicitation, and to express its sympathetic interest in the historical 
 commemoration of one of the most important events in the history of 
 scientific inquiry in any part of the world. In the University of Bombay, 
 as in every other seat of learning and research, the influence of the Royal 
 Society has been a stimulus to investigation and interpretation in many 
 different fields, and it is with gratitude that the University desires to share 
 in the celebration. The University of Bombay is specially anxious to be 
 identified with the celebration because the Royal Society has during its 
 history taken such a very large interest in the development of inquiry in the 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 85 
 
 tropics and specially in India. Several of its leaders, and notably Sir Joseph 
 Banks, President of the Royal Society in the latter part of the eighteenth 
 century, and Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, one of its most eminent members 
 in the nineteenth century, spent much of their life and strength in investigation 
 into tropical conditions, and were almost the first to draw attention to the 
 important light which such inquiry would shed on general scientific questions. 
 The interest in tropical and Indian questions has not flagged since that time, 
 and the Society has again and again placed its experience at the disposal 
 of the Government of India and private bodies in this country. At the 
 present time it acts as the adviser of the Indian Government on matters 
 connected with scientific inquiry in India, and also as an advisory body 
 on the management of the Observatories in India. It has Committees which 
 are studying tropical diseases which are among our worst scourges. And the 
 Royal Society has always shown itself willing to assist with advice and counsel, 
 any public body which appealed to it. The University of Bombay, therefore, 
 joins in congratulating the Royal Society of London on the present occasion, 
 on the noble part it has played in the advancement of knowledge in the past, 
 and wishes for it a future even more glorious, in which it will appear that the 
 present commemoration represents but the beginning of a new era of advance- 
 ment and usefulness. 
 
 Bombay, June 20th, 1912. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA 
 
 A CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 1. Those who daily improve the modern world by new discoveries, who 
 spend their lives in search after truths about the material world, who plunging 
 deep into the ocean of science collect gems, may those sober-minded scientists 
 live for ever for the benefit of this world. 
 
 2. Many learned men were born, will be born, and are being born on this 
 earth which was created long ago ; but indeed there are few who are really 
 successful and who by diving into the ocean of science have found out hidden 
 gems. 
 
 3. The Creator, hoary with age, created the universe with the earth and 
 other elements ; but surely he concealed the forces of material objects. 
 A new creator, more powerful than the first, being born discovered the long- 
 hidden forces of material objects. 
 
 4. In the store-house of the universe created by the aged sage Brahma 
 many precious things were kept hidden ; but Newton breaking open the doors 
 of superstition revealed a new method of discovery. 
 
 5. May the bright glory of the Royal Society, founded by him, continue to 
 shine through Royal patronage as long as the Sun and the Moon endure. It 
 
86 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 is time for us to celebrate the jubilee, now that it has completed its two 
 hundred and fiftieth year of existence. 
 
 6. Electricity, fire, water, and other elements that were ever known as 
 inanimate things caught in the machines (of the Society) toil like ghosts 
 discharging vapour (tears), and constantly propel steam-ships, etc. during the 
 day and night : seeing this wonderful mechanical skill the Creator himself is 
 now surprised. 
 
 7. Within London lies the famous tank, called the Royal Society, in whose 
 waters of science on white lotuses plays the Goddess of Learning in her 
 splendour and where the Sun of knowledge never sets but always shines out of 
 joy. To add to the beauty of that tank we send this fresh blooming lotus 
 (Praphullachandra) of our own country. 
 
 8. May the garland of this poem composed by Asutosh and presented by 
 him with deep regard be accepted. If the savants living in the garden of 
 science wear it as an ornament, then his labour will be requited. 
 
 Calcutta University, May, 1912. 
 
 ASUTOSH MOOKERJEE, Vice-Chancellor. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS 
 
 London, 16 July, 1912. To THE PRESIDENT OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 
 Sir, Under instructions from the Vice- Chancellor, I have the honour to convey 
 to the Royal Society of London the congratulations of the University of 
 Madras on the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of the 
 Society. Like all other academic or learned bodies, the University of Madras 
 most cordially recognizes the great work which the Royal Society has done in 
 extending the bounds of natural knowledge and in maintaining the high 
 traditions which ought to be associated with the pursuit of that knowledge. 
 I have the honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient servant, 
 
 A. CRICHTON MITCHELL, Delegate, University of Madras. 
 
 ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, CALCUTTA 
 
 [Translation from the original Sanskrit,] 
 
 THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF INDIA offers her respects, regards, and reverence to 
 the august Royal Society of august England, the importer of scientific know- 
 ledge. 
 
 Be it known : 
 
 How can one describe thy glory, O Society ? Full two centuries and a half 
 have elapsed since thy foundation at the command of the Sovereign. Asia 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 87 
 
 offers her tribute to Europe in the garb of this eulogy of thee. May the wise 
 rejoice at the sight of this union of ours, so beneficial to the world. Vibhvana, 
 Vaja and Rbhu, celebrated in the Rig Veda, these three together rejuvenated 
 their old father and attained to heaven. Still higher and all unrivalled is the 
 region that you have reached by rejuvenating the old world through Science 
 and Art. 
 
 Vayu, Varuna, Agni, the Asvins, Rudras and Vasus, worshipped by the 
 Aryans of old, have been praised in beautiful hymns in the Vedas ; through 
 thy constantly employing all of them in devoted service for the good of 
 humanity, thy glory, moving among the regions of the air and the waters, 
 extends over the earth. Having come to congratulate thee, O [Society] of 
 glorious fame and unequalled majesty, I am satisfied with thy various virtues. 
 Mayest thou live long, patronize the learned, and be highly honoured for the 
 good of the world. 
 
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE 
 
 To THE PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. On 
 the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of the foundation of 
 the Royal Society, the Council and Senate of the INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE 
 send greetings and good wishes. 
 
 MORRIS W. TRAVERS, Director. 
 
 SOUTH AFRICA 
 
 ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AFRICA 
 
 SOCIETATIS REGALIS AFRICAE MERIDIONALIS PRAESES CONCILIUM Socn ET 
 SOD ALES SOCIETATI REGALi S. P. D. Laetissimis animis litteras vestras 
 accepimus quibus certiores nos fecistis vos in animo habere natalem diem 
 Societatis vestrae antiquissimae et illustrissimae lulio mense huius anni 
 celebrare. Gratulamur vobis quod nunc quoque sicut maiorum temporibus 
 Societas vestra operam semper dat ut lumen scientiae quam latissime 
 diffundatur. Nos quidem, huius longinquae Imperil Britannici partis incolas, 
 qui, eius luminis non expertes, vestrum exemplum et nomen imitati, Societatem 
 Regalem ipsi nuper condidimus, in primis decet, filiorum ritu, natalem 
 Societatis vestrae diem ducentesimum quinquagesimum vobiscum concelebrare. 
 Quare commendamus vobis legatum nostrum DAVIDUM GILL, equitem illu- 
 strissimum et optime de scientia astronomica meritum, qui praesens nostro 
 nomine salutem vobis dicat. 
 
 L. PERINGUEY, Praeses. 
 
88 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 BRITISH ISLES 
 
 ENGLAND AND WALES 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD 
 
 CANCELLARIUS MAGISTRI ET SCHOLARES UNIVERSITATIS OXONIENSIS SOCIETATIS 
 REGALIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO ET SODALIBUS S. P. D. Regalem Societatem 
 ducentesimo iam et quinquagesimo anno diem natalicium celebrantem nos 
 Oxonienses salvere ex ammo iubemus. Namque haec ex quo tot abhinc annis 
 est instituta prolatandorum uno tenore scientiae finium dux et auspex exstitit : 
 haec illius sapientiae, cuius res gestas non solum annalium et librorum 
 memoria sed etiam mutata in melius mortalium condicio testatur, arcem et 
 caput ut olim fundavit ita nunc tuetur, 
 
 dotans vitam humanam novis inventis et copiis. 
 
 Neque absurdum videtur gratulationem in tali die a nobis potissimam offerri, 
 quippe qui cum inter primes lucem e tenebris elatam a cive et doctore nostro 
 viderimus, nunc ea quae foveatis studia indies intentius et diligentius exer- 
 ceamus. Quid quod non voluntate solum et animis coniungimur, sed et multi 
 nostrum vestris ordinibus sunt adscripti ? adeo, ut quisque in naturali 
 scientia se exercuit, ita plenissimam laborum mercedem consequi visus est si 
 vestrae Societati adscisceretur : id quod multis Oxoniensibus contigit. Itaque 
 quando aliquem a nobis delegatum festis adhibere benignissime vultis, illi ipsi 
 hoc officium mandavimus qui cum nunc conciliis nostris magna cum laude 
 praesideat, testis erit benevolentiae nostrae locupletissimus. Venit igitur ad 
 vos CAROLUS BULLER HEBERDEN, Artium Magister, Doctor in lure Civili 
 honoris causa, Collegii Aenei Nasi Principals, Vice-Cancellarius : qui quid 
 animis sentiamus voce praesens docebit. 
 
 Datum Oxoniae in Domo nostra Convocations, die Decimo Octavo mens. 
 lunii, A. S. MCMXII. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE 
 
 UNIVERSITAS CANTABRIGIENSIS REGALI SOCIETATI LONDINIENSI S. P. D. 
 Gratulamur vobis omnibus, viri rerum naturae et scientiarum amore 
 nobis coniunctissimi, quod annos ab origine vestra ducentos quinquaginta 
 prospere peractos propediem estis celebraturi. Etenim Idibus illis luliis, 
 die vestro natali, scientiarum templum illud aedificari coeptum est, cuius 
 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 89 
 
 imago quaedam, domus Salomonis sub nomine, Baconis nostri in Nova 
 Atlantide olirn adumbrata est. Vobis igitur etiam in posterum curae erit (ut 
 eiusdem utamur verbis) ' ex eis quae iam sub oculis sunt, nova experimenta, lucis 
 sublimioris, atque in naturam altius penetrantia, excitare et dirigere 1 . Societatis 
 vestrae auspicio (quod et vobis laudi et nobis honori fuit) primum in lucem 
 prodierunt alumni nostri Newtoni, postea Praesidis vestri, Philosophiae 
 Naturalis Prmcipia Mathematica, quorum exemplar ipsius manu scriptum 
 inter thesauros vestros in perpetuum conservandum curavistis. Societatis 
 vestrae consiliis, in inceptis magnis scientiarum in provincia promovendis, diu 
 libenter usi sunt ei qui patriae toti administrandae praefuerunt. Societatis 
 denique vestrae auctoritate pecuniae publicae scientiarum finibus proferendis 
 quotannis distributae sunt, et praestantissimo cuique ex scientiarum cultoribus 
 praemia insignia donata. Atqui non praemiorum exspectatione sed veritatis 
 amore ingenuo per tot annos adducti, rerum naturae miracula recondita et 
 penitus abstrusa orbi terrarum identidem patefecistis, philosophi cuiusdam 
 Romani praeceptum illud praeclarum exemplo vestro comprobantes : 'quod, 
 inquis, erit pretium operae ? quo nihil maius est, nosse naturam ; neque enim 
 quicquam habet in se huius materiae tractatio pulchrius. cum multa habeat 
 futura usui, quam quod hominem magnificentia sui detinet, nee mercede sed 
 miraculo colitur/ Laetamur Societati vestrae tot viros insignes praefuisse, 
 inter quos alumnos nostros complures exstitisse gloriamur. Ergo, congressus 
 vestri saecularis in honorem, Cancellarium nostrum illustrem, BARONEM 
 RAYLEIGH, quondam Praesidem vestrum insignem, legatum ad vos libenter 
 mittimus, qui non modo Universitatis nostrae personam summa cum dignitate 
 sustinebit, sed etiam nostrum omnium in vos benevolentiam optime interpre- 
 tabitur. Valete. 
 
 Datum Cantabrigiae, pridie Idus Marttas, A. S. MCMXII . 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 
 
 SOCIETATI REGALI UNIVERSITAS LONDINENSIS S. P. D. Litteras vestras, 
 viri doctissimi atque insignissimi, summo gaudio accepimus, cum natalicia 
 Societatis Regalis CCL annos abhinc fundatae celebraturi nos etiam participes 
 tarn faustae occasionis esse velitis. Societati vestrae gratulamur, quae per 
 tot iam saecula scientiae lumen non tantum inter Britannos sed per totum 
 terrarum orbem auget atque diff'undit. Vobis enim datur 
 
 munita tenere 
 
 edita doctrina sapientum templa serena, 
 despicere unde queas olios, passimque videre 
 errare, atque viam palantes quaerere vitae. 
 
 Nos vero, quibus, Universitati illius urbis adscriptis in qua vos sedem excelsam 
 et tanquam arcem habetis, scientiae inter cives nostros docendae atque 
 
90 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 propagandae officium est impositum, vestram praecipue Societatem suspicimus ; 
 nee gloriari pudet nonnullos Universitatis nostrae doctores et alumnos, in 
 numerum sodalium vestrorum adscitos, aliquam et ipsos partem vestris 
 auspiciis in scientia promovenda praestitisse. Delegavimus autem Pro- 
 Cancellarium nostrum, WILMOT PARKER HERRINGHAM, Medicinae Doctorem, 
 qui vobiscum in feriis celebrandis consociatus tot tantorumque memoriae 
 meritorum vota pro futura Societatis Regalis prosperitate coniungat. 
 Dabamus Londinii, XV mo mensis lunii, A. S. MCMXII. 
 
 ARCHIBALDUS, COMES DE ROSEBERY, Cancellarius. 
 
 WILMOT PARKER HERRINGHAM, Pro- Cancellarius. 
 
 EDUARDUS HENRICUS BUSK, 
 
 Praeses Graduatorum Convocatorum. 
 
 HENRICUS ALEXANDER MIERS, Praefectus. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM 
 
 To THE ROYAL SOCIETY FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM. Trustee 
 of the loftiest traditions of scientific inquiry, and guardian of natural 
 knowledge through troublous times, we welcome the opportunity of express- 
 ing our admiration for your past, and our confident anticipation of a noble 
 future. The seal of the University of Birmingham was affixed hereto in the 
 presence of the undersigned members of the Council. 
 
 CHARLES G. BEALE, Vice-chancellor. 
 OLIVER LODGE, Principal 
 GEO. H. MORLEY, Secretary. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL 
 
 SOCIETATI REGALI UNIVERSITAS BRISTOLLIENSIS S. P. D. Gratulamur vobis, 
 viri doctissimi, tot lustra feliciter peracta, tot secreta naturae abscondita iam 
 in lucem atque oculorum quotidianum aspectum prolata, tot res salutares in 
 usum commodumque hominum arte miranda inventas. Neque certe Academiae 
 nostrae minimae est laudi quod complures inter professores nostros in 
 praeclarissimam vestram Societatem alii alio tempore adsciti sunt. Nunc autem 
 ipsum Cancellarium nostrum, virum maxime egregium et in rationibus 
 philosophiae vel subtilissimae explicandis imprimis acutissimum, publica 
 legatione mittimus, ut unus pro omnibus hanc nostram communem vocem 
 ad vos deferat. Illius ergo verbis et auspiciis precamur hunc tarn faustum 
 natalem vestrum laeto ac frequentissimo coetu celebretis, atque optima ilia 
 studia, quibus ad hunc usque diem tain bene floruistis, ita in posterum 
 semper excolatis. 
 
 Dabamus ex Universitate Biistolliensi, a. d. IV Kal. lun. MCMXII. 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 91 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM (ARMSTRONG COLLEGE) 
 
 SOCIETATI HEGALI UXIVERSITATIS DUNELMEXSIS CANCELLARIUS ET SEXATUS 
 S. P. D. Cum nuper nobis nuntiatum sit vos Societatis vestrae per quinqua- 
 ginta iam lustra prosperrime servatae diem faustum celebraturos esse, de re 
 tarn felici vobis ex animi sententia gratulamur. Dicitur festivus ille rex 
 Carolus Secundus omnia si quis alius stulte fecisse: sed falso, quoniam id 
 saltern imprimis sapientis fuit, quod Societati vestrae minora ut videtur 
 initia sumenti adftiit ultro Fundator et Patronus. Quo patrocinio exortum 
 quis est quiu sciat quanto splendore quam late turn Britanniae turn ceteris 
 gentibus affulserit saluberrimum Scientiae lumen ? Quippe vos regale nomen 
 regal iter factis exornastis exornatis : adeo ut quern ad modum Cineae 
 Romanus sic nobis vester Senatus totus ex regibus constare videatur. Nam 
 contigit vobis re vera, Baconio quod erat in votis, ut naturae regno potiti 
 fines vestros in dies latius proferatis. At praesidum sociorumque vestrorum 
 tot tantaque Scientiarum in rem publicam merita vix quisquam oratione 
 complectatur : longum est scilicet vel nomina summatim percurrere. Quae 
 tamen ne omnino hoc praesertim tempore praetermittamus, ubi, ubi, inqui- 
 mus, terrarum ignotus est Newtonius vester 
 
 clarum et venerabile nomen 
 
 Archimedes alter, immo ipso Archimede praestantior ? Legentem quern non 
 delectat Pepysii perurbana garrulitas ? aut Boyleii singulare ingenium ? 
 aut Evelynus Dryadum idemque Musarum cultor ? Cui non cordi est secum 
 recolere vel Wrenum basilicarum altitudines molientem vel Harveium 'de 
 motu cordis et sanguinis' disserentem vel operis metallariis consulentem 
 Daveium ? Quid ? recentioris Scientiae qui signa ducebat Darwino num 
 quis hodie iustam laudem denegabit ? Nempe iam nemo ne Episcopus quidem 
 reformidat ne horribili quodam casu inter simios numeretur. Recentissimos 
 autem si quis respiciat, quanto opere desideratur e physicis Kelvinus, e medicis 
 Listerius, quorum alter navigantibus, medentibus alter multo plus praestitit 
 securitatis ! Hos viros insignissimos et alios horum similes recordantibus 
 fieri non potest quin Maronis illud nobis succurrat, 
 
 felix quipotuit rerum cognoscere causas, 
 
 ita tamen succurrat ut felices illos quoque velimus qui cognitione sua alienis 
 commodis inserviendum putarint. Hodie vero feriantibus vobis utinam priscus 
 ille praeses Brounckerius adesset ! Salutaret profecto suae laudis vicarium : 
 salutaret socios tarn fama quam numero pollentes : perlustraret oculis 
 astronomicos, medicos, physicos, mathematicos, mechanicos, chymicos, alios 
 complures, 
 
 nullius addictos iurare in verba magistri, 
 
 sed omnes suam quemque operam navantes, ut Philosophiam Naturalem 
 longius promoverent. Quae cum ita sint, animis libentissimis adlegavimus 
 
92 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 GEORGIUM HARE PHILIPSON, Vice-Cancellarium nostrum, medicum inlustrem 
 inter equites adscitum, qui nostram erga vos amicitiam praesens testetur. 
 Sunt sane multa nobis vobiscum necessitudinis vincula, quorum nunc liceat 
 si non plura at unum vel potius unicum illud referre, quod viget apud nos, et 
 diu vigeat, Gulielmus Green well, socius vester, noster alumnus, archaeologorum 
 Nestor indefessus, qui pariter iam omnes, nisi fallimur, et vestrbs socios et 
 nostros alumnos aetate superavit. Proinde, doctorum doctissimi, scitote 
 nos vestris in gaudiis gaudere et impense simul precari ut nominis vestri 
 vetus amplitudo novis atque amplioribus etiam per saecula praemiis augeatur. 
 
 G. W. KITCHIN, D.D., Cancettarius et Decanus. 
 Datum Dunelmi, Kal. lul, A.S. MDCCCCXII. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS 
 
 To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. THE 
 UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS begs respectfully to congratulate you on the Anniversary 
 which you are about to celebrate. For two hundred and fifty years your 
 Society has filled a unique place in our national life. No institution has 
 ever been animated by a greater love of truth or by a deeper reverence for 
 unfettered freedom of thought. The experimental methods followed by the 
 Royal Society have proved themselves to be true methods of advance ; and 
 to-day mankind is its debtor for the enlightenment and the welfare which 
 attend vast additions to natural knowledge. The scientific achievements of 
 your Society are universally acknowledged both at home and abroad. A point 
 less generally observed is its indirect influence in all parts of the British 
 realms. Happily inclusion in the Royal Society does not withdraw and 
 isolate men who have found a career among the growing populations of our 
 time. No thoughtful dweller in our own city can help feeling that Leeds 
 would have lost greatly had Joseph Priestley never lived and worked here. 
 In large industrial centres men like Priestley are the best of educators. 
 They are true 'merchants of light 1 , if we may borrow a phrase from that 
 New Atlantis which foreshadows so closely, in some important respects, the 
 purposes of your own foundation. And since Priestley's day there have never 
 been wanting among the citizens of Leeds other members of your body who 
 have not merely advanced natural science by special research but have spared 
 no effort to encourage learning in all its many branches. Not the least 
 active among the founders of our University have been Fellows of the Royal 
 Society who have not allowed the claims of particular investigations to blind 
 them to the wide range and essential unity of human knowledge. 
 
 ARTHUR G. LUPTON, Vice-Chancellor. 
 
 MICHAEL E. SADLER, Pro-Chancellor. 
 July, 1912. 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 93 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER 
 
 PRAESIDI CONSILIO SODALIBUS SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRO NATURALI SCIENTIA 
 PROMOVENDA annum CCL feliciter celebrantibus S. P. D. UNIVERSITAS MANCU- 
 NIENSIS. Si iure ille aestimandus est 
 
 felix, quipotuit rerum cognoscere causas, 
 
 ut confiteri non sine dubio aliquo videtur Vergilius, nulla certe hominum 
 Societas quae usquam gentium ad hunc diem exstiterit maiorem huius gloriae 
 ac felicitatis sibi partem vindicavit quam Regalis vestra abljinc iam CCL 
 annos instituta. Sive enim ad fundatorum eius aetatem spectamus ubi de 
 Expansione Aerea primas leges celeberrimus ille Boylius invenit sive ad viri 
 omnium clarissimi Neutonii ipsius reperta, per quae 
 
 caelum ac terras camposque liquentes 
 lucentemque globum lunae Titaniaque astra 
 
 iam tandem Motus Legibus certo fundamento positis subiecit ; sive ad eos 
 qui Neutonium insecuti sunt, loulium qui primus Caloris atque Energeiae 
 coniunctam rationem exhibuit, vel Daltonium qui primus Atomorum pondera 
 certum in ordinem reduxit, ille artis Mechanicae hie Chemicae hodiernae paene 
 fundator ; hos omnes Societas Regalis inspiravit instinxit adiuvit. Quid ? 
 cum ad ingens illud turn fidei Christianae turn artis apud nostrates archi- 
 tectonicae monumentum Sancti Pauli quam vocant Cathedralem suspicimus, 
 nonne recordari libet illam a nobili vestro mathematico Christophero Wren 
 subtilissima in physicis scientia inchoatam exstructamque ? Cum vero ad 
 recentiorum victorias convertimur, quid dicamus de Daruinii illius maximi 
 Wallaciique doctrina unde 
 
 genus omne animantum 
 et quae marmoreo fert monstra sub aequore pontus 
 
 in suam quodque originem luculenter tractum est ? Sin vero ad artes iam 
 plurimas quibus vita hominum tutior vel dulcior facta est, ut de Medicorum 
 vestrorum repertis omnino taceamus, quis hos per menses Humphreii Davy 
 oblivisci potest, qui in subterraneis metallis carbonem quaerentibus 
 
 lumen de suo lumine accendit, 
 
 aut Perkinii, qui ex materia eadem nigerrima pulcherrimos veris colores 
 in solis lucem revocavit, oculos hominum complens ac reficiens purissima 
 naturae voluptate ? Per haec atque talia, doctissime Praeses, Sodales alumni- 
 que vestri veritatis amorem nostrorum saeculorum ingeniis alte insitum 
 stimulantes ipsi atque implentes, hunc ipsum terrarum orbem, ilium in- 
 numeris orbibus splendentem mundum cum in regnum non caecae fortunae 
 sed rationis certae adseruerint, non solum hominibus aptius domicilium sed 
 etiam, si cum poetis reverenter loqui licet, vestem Auctore omnium ipso longe 
 quam unquam antea cognitum est digniorem esse demonstraverunt. Vobis 
 
94 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 igitur festa haec natalicia celebrantibus ex animo nos gratulamur, quibus inter 
 iuniores Britanniae Universitates antiquissimus conceditur locus ; simul a vobis 
 comiter rogati Principem nostrum dilectum, equitem inlustrem, ALUREDUM 
 HOPKINSON, delegavimus laetitiam nostram vobis praesentem praesentibus 
 testaturum. 
 
 ALFRED HOPKINSON, Praeses. 
 
 EDWARD FIDDES, Registrarius. 
 
 R. S. CON WAY, Humanitatis Professor. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD 
 
 UNIVERSITAS SHEFFIELDIENSIS SOCIETATI REGALI PRO SCIENTIA NATURALI 
 PROAIOVENDA S. P. D. Annum vobis ducentesimum et quinquagesimum 
 implentibus cursus felicissimi et eis prope aequalis artibus quas uno nomine 
 scientiae hodie complectimur, vehementer et vere gratulamur, et eadem qua 
 ceteri omnes nos laude prosequimur. Optime enim de sapientibus estis 
 meriti, res plurimae et utilissimae vobis auctoribus et ducibus sunt inventae, 
 annalibus vestris memoria illius quo ad Naturae notitiam pervenimus itineris 
 magna ex parte continetur. Oramus igitur atque obsecramus ut eventu in 
 dies prosperiore ea vobis per multos annos agere liceat per quae sapientissimus 
 quisque maximos faciat progressus et omnes qui in toto orbe terrarum his 
 studiis favent artiore vinculo necessitudinis inter se coniungantur. 
 
 Sheffieldi dabamus, mense lunio, MCMXII. 
 
 W. M. HICKS, Praeses Senatus. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF WALES 
 
 UNIVERSITAS CAMBRENSIS SOCIETATI REGALI PRO SCIENTIA NATURALI 
 PROMOVENDA S. P. D. Ferias celebraturis ob annos ducentos quinquaginta 
 feliciter exactos vobis ex animo gratulamur. Pergratum erit vobis per tot 
 annorum spatium respicere et in memoriam reducere nomina eorum qui 
 Scientiae Naturalis promovendae studio incensi tot arcana Naturae enuclea- 
 verint atque operam ad mentes hominum exacuendas et vitam artibus 
 excolendam navaverint. 'Alii laboraverunt et nos in labores eorum introivimus. 1 
 Delegavimus Vice-Cancellarium nostrum, HENRICUM RUDOLPH REICHEL, 
 Equitem, M.A., LL.D., qui sollemnibus vestris intersit et omnia vobis bona 
 fausta felicia precetur. 
 
 Dabamus pridie Non. lul. MCMXII. 
 
 KEN YON, Pro-Cancellarius. 
 
 J. MORTIMER ANGUS, Registrarius. 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 95 
 
 ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS 
 
 SOCIETATI REGALI COLLEGIUM REGALE MEDICORUM LONDINENSE S. P. D. Ad 
 sollennia vestra, viri doctissimi, per literas vestras gratissimas nuper vocati, 
 misimus nos Praesidem nostrum, THOMAM BARLOW, Baronettum, Ordinis 
 Regii Victoriae Equitem, nostra inter comitia simul ac vestra socium honora- 
 tissimum, qui studia nostra vobis exprimat, et de natalibus gratuletur. 
 Maximi certe debentur .Societati Regali honores, quae per ducentos et 
 quinquaginta annos lampada tradiderit Scientiae, quae tot sibi consociaverit 
 magistros, a Neutono illo usque ad Carolum Daruinum, necnon multos alios in 
 re physica, geologica, chemica, physiologica doctissimos, ne dicam Medicos 
 quosdam illustrissimos, qui inter nostram vestramque Societatem quasi arcta 
 vincula fuerunt, atque amicitiae signa mutuae et perpetuae. At quanta ante 
 oculos vestros patent regna ! nihil enim in natura est pro cognitione vestra 
 nimis vastum, nihil nimis minutum aut arcanum ; quaeritis qua lege labantur 
 sidera, quibus ignibus ardeant soles, quaenam sit terrarum et rupium aedificatio, 
 quaenam molecularum et atomorum intima natura, quomodo et quibus ex 
 primordiis propagentur florum animalium hominumque genera. Talia igitur 
 contemplantes, et tanto Scientiae amore raptos, non turbat vos popularis aura, 
 non odium theologicum, non furor politicus ; sufficit enim ipsam Naturam 
 prospicere, ac divino eius impleri afflatu ; ita ut de vobis illud videatur 
 cecinisse Vergilius, 
 
 felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas. 
 Valete ! 
 
 THOMAS BARLOW, Praeses. 
 J. A. ORMEROD, Registrarlus. 
 
 Datum Londini, Kalendis luliis, MCMXII. 
 
 ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 
 
 WE, the President, Vice-Presidents, and Council of the ROYAL COLLEGE OF 
 SURGEONS OF ENGLAND, have the honour to convey to the President, Council, 
 and Fellows of the Royal Society our cordial congratulations on the occasion 
 of the celebration of the 250th Anniversary of its foundation. It is gratifying 
 to us to remember that, among the many illustrious men who have brought 
 honour to the Society, not the least famous have been members of the medical 
 profession, and that in three instances the Presidential Chair has been filled 
 by a Fellow of our College. It is therefore with special interest and pleasure 
 that we join in doing honour to the Society, and offer to its President and 
 Fellows our best wishes for the success of their commemoration. In witness 
 whereof we have caused the Common Seal of the College to be hereunto affixed 
 
 this 13th day of June, 1912. T^T/-.^ A XT T /-.rvrvn^ n -j 
 
 RICKMAN J. GODLEE, President. 
 
96 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, LONDON 
 
 SOCIETATI REGALI inter omnes Britanniae Societates antiquissimae et 
 praeclarissimae annum a Societate condita Ducentesimum Quinquagesimum 
 Celebrant! SOCIETAS ANTIQUARIORUM LONDINENSIS S. P. D. Societati Regali, 
 inter ipsa scientiarum quae vocantur naturalium incunabula nascenti, mandate 
 Regis Caroli Secundi sancitum est ut aut novam excuderet philosophiam aut 
 veterem expoliret : quod propositum quanto cum successu sit consecuta, iam 
 dudum non patriae modo sed orbi terrarum universe innotuit. Atqui, licet 
 superfluum sit ut seriem virorum qui et Societatem et nomen Britannicum 
 illustraverunt recenseamus, eorum saltern qui in utramque sodalitatem, et 
 vestram et nostram, adsciti fuerint non omittenda est memoria: quorum 
 e numero Martinus Foulkes uno eodemque tempore utrique Societati praefuit, 
 Augustus Franks, Johannes Evans, apud vos socii apud nos Praesides illustris- 
 simi exstiterunt. Neque illud tacendum duximus nostram scilicet Societatem, 
 quamvis LV annis natu minorem, vestrae et proximum obtinere locum, et 
 h'rmissimo semperque ut speramus duraturo amicitiae foedere esse devinctam : 
 quocirca vobis plenum studiorum fructum, felicitatem perpetuam, honoris, si 
 id fieri potest, incrementum, iterum atque iterum libentissimis animis exopta- 
 mus. Delegavimus hodie Praesidem nostrum, CAROLUM HERCULEM READ, 
 militem eundemque Legum Doctorem qui congratulationes nostras vobis unus 
 pro omnibus afferat. 
 
 Dabarmis Londini ex aedibus nostris, KaL lul. anno Domini MDCCCCXIL 
 
 C. H. READ, Praeses. 
 
 BRITISH ACADEMY, LONDON 
 
 THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 
 We, the President, late Presidents, Council, and Fellows of the BRITISH 
 ACADEMY, desire to offer to the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal 
 Society our cordial congratulations on the completion of the two hundred and 
 fiftieth year of its illustrious career. On this memorable occasion we approach 
 you with feelings of special attachment and confidence, inasmuch as our 
 Academy was, at a still recent date, founded with the co-operation and good- 
 will of your august Society, and we take pride in the thought that we may 
 almost regard our own Body as the offshoot of an historic Institution which 
 has flourished through so long a period of the national life. The Royal 
 Society had its beginnings in troublous times, when the proud legend 
 inscribed on the Society's seal found in very deed a wide application ; but at 
 no time has it been other than true to the high and arduous ends to which its 
 labours have from the first been devoted, or ceased from the pursuit and 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 97 
 
 service of Truth. One of the earliest of the Associations founded in any 
 European country 'for promoting Natural Knowledge', it has extended its 
 investigations, so as to comprehend all the Physical as well as Mathematical 
 Sciences, and the roll of its Presidents, Secretaries, and of successive generations 
 of its Fellows, as well as of its Medallists, covers the entire range of modern 
 scientific progress. The ' Invisible College ' of the years preceding the Grant 
 of the Society's first Charter, which it commemorates to-day, has long since 
 established its leading position among the chief agencies in the advancement of 
 * Natural Knowledge ' throughout the world. Nor can we forget that the list 
 of its Officers and Fellows includes many names notable in the annals of British 
 Letters, and in the history of those Studies which have of late found particular 
 representation among the members of our own Body. Of the long and varied 
 labours of the Royal Society a record of monumental completeness is presented 
 in its Transactions, extending over very nearly the whole of the two hundred 
 and fifty years of its strenuous existence. To the work thus unintermittently 
 carried on by the Society has been added its faithful and fruitful administration 
 of the important trusts committed to it by the Government of the Country, 
 and through other Benefactions, as well as its wise distribution of the Annual 
 Grants made to it, and its judicious award of Distinctions marking great 
 achievements in original Scientific Investigation. All these high and onerous 
 functions have been performed by the Royal Society in a spirit of self-devotion 
 and with a fullness of success which entitle it to the grateful acknowledge- 
 ments of a long series of generations, including the present of which we form 
 part. With the sincere expression, on the present great occasion, of this 
 widespread and well-merited recognition, the British Academy, in a spirit of 
 faithful and grateful homage, desires most cordially to associate itself 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 A. W. WARD, President of the British Academy. 
 
 RE AY ] Late Presidents of the 
 
 E. MAUNDE THOMPSON) British Academy. 
 I. GOLLANCZ, Secretary of the British Academy. 
 
 Date of Sealing, June 14, 
 
 BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON 
 
 To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. THE 
 TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM desire to offer to you their cordial con- 
 gratulations on the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of 
 the foundation of your Society. Few institutions for the advancement of 
 natural knowledge can claim an existence of equal length ; none can boast 
 a longer list of services to humanity than that which stands to the credit of 
 
98 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 the Royal Society and its Fellows. A Corporation such as yours, which 
 includes within its ranks all the most eminent representatives of every branch 
 of natural knowledge within the British Dominions, which commands the 
 confidence of the nation and receives the support of the Government, can 
 direct and co-ordinate effort, can encourage enterprise, can reward achievement, 
 and thereby can promote the advance and welfare of scientific investigation 
 with a power altogether outside the reach of individuals or of special societies. 
 The Royal Society is one of the glories of England and the Empire ; and all 
 Englishmen are glad to join in celebrating this landmark in its long career of 
 usefulness. The Trustees of the British Museum feel that they have a special 
 claim to approach you on this occasion and to share in your rejoicings. The 
 British Museum owes its origin to a munificent bequest from a Fellow and 
 President of the Royal Society, Sir Hans Sloane ; and the Act of Incorpora- 
 tion, by which it was founded in 1753, ordains that among the official 
 Trustees of the Museum shall always be the President of the Royal Society 
 for the time being. Thus, throughout its whole existence, the British 
 Museum has had the advantage of the counsel, and has enjoyed the support, 
 of every President of your Society ; and not least would the Trustees grate- 
 fully acknowledge the assistance they have received from the distinguished 
 man of science who now holds that high and enviable post. The interests of 
 the British Museum are closely intertwined with the interests of science. The 
 Museum, in its Library and its Natural History Departments, provides the 
 materials for a vast amount of scientific research. Much of that research has 
 been conducted by the officers of the Museum, past and present, many of whom 
 have received the coveted honour of the Fellowship of your Society. It is, 
 therefore, with the interest that is born of close association and common 
 aspirations that the British Museum, in the person of its Trustees, rejoices in 
 the glorious past of the Royal Society, and wishes it a long and not less 
 glorious future. 
 
 Sealed with the Common Seal of the British Museum, 6 July, 1912. 
 
 CHEMICAL SOCIETY, LONDON 
 
 THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY TO THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE 
 ROYAL SOCIETY, Greeting. Amongst the many learned bodies represented 
 here to-day there is certainly none which can wish to offer you more sincere 
 and heartfelt congratulations than the Chemical Society. The Officers, 
 Council, and Fellows of our Society desire to associate themselves with you 
 in celebrating the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of the birth of 
 a scientific corporation which in the distinction of its history is assuredly 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 99 
 
 second to no similar body in the World. The great army of diligent and 
 determined workers who are united by the solemn covenant to extend Man's 
 knowledge of Nature look with reverence and gratitude on the Society which, 
 during two and a half centuries, has kept alive in these Islands the sacred fire 
 of Research, and has included within its Fellowship men whose names and 
 achievements are amongst the most imperishable glories of the human race. 
 We desire to take this opportunity of expressing, however imperfectly, our 
 indebtedness to the Society of Boyle, of Cavendish, of Priestley, of Dalton, 
 and of Davy, and we are proud to remember that these early masters of our 
 Science, by the stimulus which their investigations gave to the growth of 
 Chemical Knowledge, led to the origin of our Society by a natural process of 
 gemmation from your body. It is, therefore, in the capacity of children, and 
 as an act of filial piety, that we desire to offer to you, our parents, dutiful 
 felicitations to-day. We would take this opportunity again of gladly and 
 freely acknowledging before all men that whatever success our own Society 
 may have achieved, whatever may be the dignity to which we have attained, 
 and whatever service to Science and to Mankind we may have been privileged 
 to perform, we largely owe to the inspiration which our founders drew from 
 the magnificent traditions of the Royal Society. This quickening influence 
 has been and, we trust, may long be maintained by a close association with 
 you, by the community of Fellowship which exists between your Society and 
 ours, and by the kindred ideals and aspirations which animate us both. 
 Signed on behalf of the Chemical Society: 
 
 PERCY F. FRANKLAND, President. 
 ALEXANDER SCOTT, Treasurer. 
 ARTHUR W. CROSSLEY } 
 SAMUEL SMILES ) A 
 
 HORACE T. BROWN, Foreign Secretary. 
 
 Sealed in Council this Twentieth Day of June, One Thousand Nine 
 Hundred and Twelve. 
 
 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, LONDON 
 
 SOCIETATI REGIAE SOCIETAS ENTOMOLOGICA LONDINENSIS S. P. D. Benevole 
 a vobis invitati, ut unum aliquem nostrum delegemus, qui natalicia vestra 
 vobiscum celebret, munus hoc vel potius honorem Praesidi nostro, qui nunc 
 est, contulimus, mandavimusque ei ut, epistolae huius testimonio, vobis 
 declaret, nostrum omnium in votis esse ut Societas vestra virorum illustrium 
 sapientiae doctrinaeque Britannicae iam per tot annos decus et tutamen 
 felicitate, gloria, denique rebus omnibus optabilibus, magis magisque semper 
 
 H 2 
 
100 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 floreat, utque indagatio ac scientia rerum physicarum (quo ex fonte unum 
 quasi rivulum fluentem Sodalitas nostra, quantum potest, consectari amat) 
 patrocinio et favore vestro adiuvari nunquam desinat. Valete. 
 
 F. D. MORICE, Praeses. 
 
 A. HUGH JONES ] T , 
 
 \ Vzce-Praes. 
 JNO. HARTLEY DURRANTj 
 
 JAMES J. WALKER ) , 
 
 [Hon. Sec. 
 GEORGE WHEELER J 
 
 Datum Londini, mense lulio, MCMXII. 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, LONDON 
 
 REGIAE LONDINENSIUM SOCIETATI GEOLOGIC A LONDINENSIUM SOCIETAS S. P. D. 
 Hodie, viri amplissimi, Regiae Londinensium Societati Societas Geologica 
 corde gratulatur ducentos quinquaginta annos summa cum laude confectos. 
 Occasionem auspicatam laeti arripimus confitendi quid nos potissimum 
 debeamus Almae Matri omnium fere collegiorum quae nunc apud Britannos 
 exstant arcana naturae explorandi causa. Ad origines vestrae Societatis 
 paulisper respicere liceat. Videtisne ut ex illo philosophorum globo, qui id 
 temporis congressi sunt inquisitionem rerum physicarum promovendi causa, 
 nata sit indagatio ista subterraneorum aenigmatum (eorum praecipue quae ad 
 interius orbis terrarum tegumentum spectant) quae luce clarius edocuit arcana 
 naturae, non modo in re geologica, verum etiam in unaquaque scientiae 
 provincia, congregationibus indagantium et partitione operis potius quam 
 singulorum investigatorum ope in lucem esse proferenda ? lam centum abhinc 
 annos nos fratres geologici domicilio, ut ita dicam, proprio utimur ; gratis 
 tamen animis ad Almam Matrem nutricemque respicimus. Cui nostrum non 
 surgunt cristae quum secum reputet matris nostrae cordi esse quae ipsi penitus 
 investigare propositum habemus ? Quis non superbit quod tu, vir amplissime, 
 quern nos fratrem commilitonemque in nostra militia salutamus, in sellam 
 praesidialem huius velut praetorii scientiarum, contubernalium suffrages, 
 accitus es ? Societas Regia optime de Republica merita est, quippe quae 
 ubique ardorem indagandi turn genuerit turn stimulaverit. O si quae laus 
 earn saeculis superioribus prosecuta est, ea per ventura saecula splendore baud 
 imminuto illustret ! 
 
 AUBREY STRAHAN, Praeses. 
 
 A. SMITH WOODWARD \ SecretariL 
 HERBERT H. THOMAS J 
 
 BEDFORD McNEILL, Thesaurarius. 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 101 
 
 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND MUSEUM OF 
 PRACTICAL GEOLOGY, LONDON 
 
 ADDRESS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND THE MUSEUM 
 OF PRACTICAL GEOLOGY TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. The Geological 
 Survey of Great Britain and the Museum of Practical Geology desire to take 
 their part in the congratulatiops which are being offered by the whole civilized 
 world to the Royal Society of London on the attainment of its two hundred 
 and fiftieth Anniversary. To the influence of the Society in carrying out its 
 vocation of improving Natural Knowledge, the growth of the science of 
 Geology was chiefly due for nearly a century and a half, and though now for 
 upwards of a hundred years geologists have found other homes, they can never 
 forget that the Royal Society is the parent of all scientific institutions in the 
 British Dominions. The Geological Survey and Museum are proud to 
 remember that all their Directors and many other members of their staff have 
 been Fellows of the Royal Society, and more especially that a former Director 
 General now occupies the Presidential Chair. Being well aware of the great 
 work performed by the Society not only in original research in every branch 
 of science but in advising the State on scientific matters, in administering 
 funds for the furtherance of research, and in investigations leading to the 
 improvement of man's position upon the earth, it is the fervent wish of these 
 Institutions that the Royal Society of London may long continue its eminently 
 distinguished and useful career. 
 
 J. J. H. TEALL, Director 
 
 July, 1912. 
 
 INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY, LONDON 
 
 THE President, Council, and Fellows of the INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY OF 
 GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND have great pleasure in offering to the President, 
 Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London their sincere and hearty 
 congratulations on the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary 
 of the incorporation of the Society. The Institute of Chemistry desires to be 
 associated with Academies, Learned Societies, and all Scientific Institutions in 
 rejoicing that the Royal Society which justly takes precedence as the parent 
 of all our Scientific Societies, has with such marked success upheld the world- 
 wide prestige of Science generally, and that throughout the two and a half 
 centuries of its existence the great objects of its founders have been faithfully 
 maintained to the honour of this country, and to the everlasting benefit of the 
 cause of civilization and humanity at large. In the domain of Chemistry, no 
 less than in other branches of Science, the Royal Society has fostered the 
 
102 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 progress of Learning and Research. The Institute recalls with pride that 
 from its foundation in 1877 its Register has borne the names of no less than 
 106 Fellows of the Royal Society, while at the present time 48 Fellows of the 
 Institute enjoy that distinction. It is the earnest hope of the Institute that 
 the Royal Society may continue its career with undiminished vigour and 
 success and that the great traditions of its past history may be carried on by 
 future generations of its Fellows. 
 This 15th day of July, 1912. 
 
 RAPHAEL MELDOLA, President. 
 WILLIAM A. TILDEN 
 GEORGE BEILBY 
 
 FRANK CLOWES ^-Presidents. 
 
 GEORGE McGOWAN 
 JOHN MILLAR THOMSON 
 ALEXANDER PEDLER 
 
 ALFRED GORDON SALAMON, Hon. Treasurer. 
 RICHARD B.PILCHER, Registrar and Secretary. 
 
 INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, LONDON 
 
 To THE PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON 
 Greeting. The President and Council of the INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL 
 ENGINEERS offer their congratulations to the Royal Society on the completion 
 of the two hundred and fiftieth year of its existence. They are happy to 
 recall how much the Royal Society has done since the days of Robert Boyle 
 and Francis Hauksbee to promote the discovery of electrical phenomena and 
 of the laws of electricity and magnetism. They will ever remember the 
 additions to electrical knowledge due to Sir Isaac Newton, Stephen Gray, 
 Benjamin Franklin, Joseph Priestley, Abraham Bennet, Sir Humphry Davy, 
 Michael Faraday, John Frederick Daniell, Sir William Grove, Sir Francis 
 Ronalds, James Prescott Joule, Sir Charles Wheatstone, John Tyndall, 
 Latimer Clarke, David Edward Hughes, Lord Kelvin, James Clerk Maxwell, 
 John Hopkinson, George Francis FitzGerald, William Edward Ayrton, and 
 other Fellows of the Royal Society. They express the hope that the Royal 
 Society may enjoy unbroken prosperity, and may continue to promote the 
 progress of electrical science. 
 
 On behalf of the Institution, the XVI day of July, MDCCCCXH. 
 
 S. Z. DE FERRANTI, President. 
 
 W. DUDDELL, President Elect. 
 
 P. F. ROWELL, Secretary. 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 103 
 
 IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE, LONDON 
 
 INSTITUTI FERRI ET CHALYBIS PRAESES ET CONCILIUM ET Socn PRAESIDI ET CON- 
 CILIO ET SODALIBUS SociETATis REGALis Salutem. Fausta oblata occasione, quod 
 natalem diem doctissimae vestrae Societatis annos iam CCL constitutae 
 celebrandum statuistis, antiquissimae et illustrissimae omnium in hac patria 
 nostra societatum, quae Scientiae Naturali promovendae studuerunt, nos laeti 
 et pietate affecti, cum ceteris huiusce generis societatibus, parenti nostrae 
 insigni et dilectae gratulationem non simulatam agimus, et vota conferimus ut 
 stabilita in annos floreat et praevalescat. 
 
 Datum Londinii, Id. lul. MCMXII et manu nostra et signo confirmatum. 
 
 ARTHUR COOPER, Praeses. 
 G. C. LLOYD, Secretarius. 
 
 THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON desires to present its congratulations to 
 the Royal Society of London on the celebration of the two hundred and 
 fiftieth Anniversary of its foundation, on the completion of a period which 
 has witnessed so vast a development of the Sciences, and on the noble part 
 which the Society itself has borne in this boundless ' Improvement of Natural 
 Knowledge \ The Linnean Society rejoices to recall, not only the many who 
 have been and are on the Rolls of both Societies, thereby constituting links 
 between the two, but also that Sir Joseph Banks, who took a large part in the 
 foundation of the Linnean Society, presided for forty- one years over the Royal 
 Society, and that the great Swedish naturalist whose name is borne by the 
 Linnean Society, was also a Foreign Member of the Royal Society. 
 
 Given under the Common Seal of the Society this Twentieth day of 
 June, 1912. 
 
 EDWARD B. POULTON, President. 
 B. DAYDON JACKSON 
 
 OTTO STAPF 
 GILBERT C. BOURNE 
 
 'Secretaries. 
 
 PRAESIDI SODALIBUSQUE ILLUSTRISSIMAE SOCIETATIS REGALIS REGENTES, 
 PROFESSORES, STUDIOSI IN COLLEGIO QUOD LISTER INSTITUTE OF PREVENTIVE 
 MEDICINE APPELLATUR S. P. D. Libenter, viri doctissimi, litteras vestras 
 accepimus necnon summa erga vos voluntate quod, tot annis rite peractis in 
 
104 
 
 arcanis Naturae exquirendis, Sodalitatem vestram praeclaram, fortunatis 
 auspiciis conditam, tanta prudentia perfectam, celebrare velitis, Societati 
 Regali pro temporis opportunitate gratulamur. Nos qui sub auspiciis Lister 
 (hominis praeclarissimi et quondam Sodalitatis vestrae praesidis) abditas 
 causas, in quibus requiritur ex quibus principiis nostra corpora sint, quid 
 secundam quid adversam valetudinem faciat, patefacere laboramus, haud 
 immemores sumus illorum tam praeclarorum virorum, Boyle, Mayow, Hales, 
 Jenner, Young quorum nomina cum multis aliis necnon illustribus in fastis 
 Societatis vestrae inscripta sunt. Tanto desiderio, tanta in vos benevolentia 
 vehementer commoti, virum bonum, doctissimum HENRICUM ROSCOE equitem, 
 per multos annos Concilio nostro praepositum, qui ipse praesens ad nostram 
 amicitiam praestandam feriis vestris intersit, legatum destinavimus. Floreat 
 in aeternum Societas Regalis penitus dilecta honoribus novis novisque inceptis 
 
 HENRY E. ROSCOE, Praeses. 
 
 J. LUARD PATTISSON, Aerario Praefectus. 
 
 CHARLES J. MARTIN, Director. 
 
 MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY, LONDON 
 
 THE LONDON MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY, of whose duty it is part to elaborate 
 the instrument without which all pursuit of Natural Knowledge must finally 
 be futile, desires to offer humble congratulations on the attainment of her 
 two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary to the Royal Society. That this 
 Society may ever continue to be imbued with the reverent and enthusiastic 
 desire to unravel the secrets of Nature which has characterized all her most 
 distinguished Fellows, and may ever hold herself in readiness, untrammelled 
 by any too intimate relations with other institutions, to take her rightful 
 place in succeeding times of Renaissance, is the prayer of all the special 
 societies who own her pre-eminence. On behalf of the London Mathematical 
 Society : 
 
 H. F. BAKER, President. 
 
 July 16, 1912. 
 
 MERCERS' COMPANY, LONDON 
 
 To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. THE 
 MERCERS^ COMPANY OF LONDON desire to offer to you the President, Council, and 
 Fellows of the Royal Society their sincere congratulations on the occurrence 
 of the 250th Anniversary of the incorporation of your Society, whose history 
 from its commencement has been an uninterrupted and glorious succession 
 of conquests over Nature, conquests differing from other conquests in that they 
 
105 
 
 have been achieved, not by resistance to Nature, but by an ever increasing 
 knowledge of and obedience to her laws. It is a further subject for 
 congratulation that the true method by which these results have been 
 achieved, the method of experiment and test, which was from the first laid 
 down by your Society, was truly laid, and has since been universally acknow- 
 ledged. We acknowledge also the large share which, on a survey of your 
 successes, must be attributed to the principle represented by the words which 
 you have adopted as your motto and have so greatly fortified in action, the 
 principle of the independence of the human intellect. We acknowledge it with 
 the more gratitude, since in supporting that principle you have conferred 
 benefits on mankind not limited to the particular subjects which you have 
 made more especially your own. We know, from the account which has been 
 preserved, the ideas which actuated the founders of your Society, and it is very 
 fitting that we of the present day, who can judge by the event the value of 
 those ideas, should join with you in celebrating, and render our respectful 
 homage to, the memory of those gifted men who formulated the principles and 
 laid down the lines of your work, though they could only prophetically foresee 
 the grandeur of the results to follow. May the Royal Society long continue 
 its glorious career to the increase of true knowledge, the honour of our nation, 
 and the welfare and happiness of the whole human race. 
 
 HORACE CULLEN, Master. 
 July, 1912. 
 
 MlNERALOGICAL SOCIETY, LONDON 
 
 SOCIETAS MINERALOGICA SociETATi REGALi S. P. D. Gratulamur Societati 
 vestrae quod annos ducentos et quinquaginta ab origine vestra feliciter 
 peractos mox estis celebraturi. Simul maximas gratias agimus quod scientias 
 illas quae ad terrae structuram mineralem pertinent auxilio vestro et hortatione 
 semper fovistis. 
 
 W. J. LEWIS, Praeses. 
 W.P. BE ALE, Thesaurensis. 
 GEORGE T. PRIOR, Secretarius. 
 
 Datum Londini, die XVIII mensis lunii, MCMXII. 
 
 PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY, LONDON 
 
 SOCIETATIS PHARMACEUTICAE MAGNAE BRITANNIAE PRAESES, CONCILIUM, 
 SODALES SOCIETATI REGALI Salutem. Gratulamur animo quam amicissimo 
 Societati vestrae illustrissimae doctissimaeque natalem ducentesimum quinqua- 
 gesimum celebranti, speramusque fore ut ita in posteros annos floreat ut cumu- 
 
106 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 latis quae iam antea laudanda effecit, rerum naturae scientiam proferat atque 
 augeat, totiusque human! generis utilitatibus serviat. Illud quoque nobis 
 pergratum est recordari, quod Gulielmus ille Allen, qui primus fuit Societatis 
 Pharmaceuticae anno MDCCCXLI praeses, et ipse Societatis Regalis sodalis 
 fuit, quodque Societas Regalis semper et sua opera et aliis incitandis magno 
 fuit adiumento Societati nostrae, per hos septuaginta annos id agenti ut 
 artium chemicae et pharmaceuticae scientia apud Britannos amplificaretur. 
 Datum Londinii, die III mensis Iulii, MCMXII^pro Societate Pharmaceutica 
 Magnae Britanniae. 
 
 CHAS. B. ALLEN, Praeses. 
 
 PHYSICAL SOCIETY, LONDON 
 
 To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. Many 
 illustrious names have been inscribed on the roll of the Royal Society during 
 the 250 years which have elapsed since its foundation ; but none have added 
 a greater lustre to the fame of the Society and to the glory of their country 
 than those of the men who devoted themselves to the study of Physics. 
 Newton firmly planted the Tree of Science, Young, Joule, Faraday, Maxwell, 
 Stokes, and Lord Kelvin have spread its branches in many directions. May 
 we, therefore, a young Society specially devoted to the study of Physics pay 
 our warm tribute of regard and affection to the parent body whose members 
 have laid the foundation on which we are trying to build ! May the record 
 of the Royal Society be as glorious in the future as it has been in the past, 
 and may she continue to possess the confidence and admiration of all who seek 
 the advancement of Natural Knowledge ! On behalf of the PHYSICAL SOCIETY 
 
 OF LONDON : 
 
 ARTHUR SCHUSTER, President. 
 
 W. DUDDELL, Treasurer. 
 SILVANUS P. THOMPSON, Foreign Secretary. 
 W. R. COOPER ) 
 S. W.J. SMITH \ Secreta s ' 
 June, 1912. 
 
 ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, LONDON 
 
 To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 
 We, the President, Council, and Fellows of the ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL 
 INSTITUTE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, desire to offer to you our hearty 
 congratulations on the occasion of the completion of the two hundred and 
 fiftieth year of your glorious history. Your Society has during that long 
 period been the centre of scientific thought, the home of the most illustrious 
 workers and discoverers in science, the representative throughout the world 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 107 
 
 of British scientific research and the constant and trusted adviser and almoner 
 of the Crown and the Government of the country in respect of all matters 
 relating to the progress of Science. Our Institute has less than seventy years 1 
 record to look back upon, for the Ethnological Society of London, which forms 
 part of it, was founded in 1843, and the Anthropological Society of London, 
 which forms the other part of it, in 1863. The two Societies were combined in 
 1871, and it is to one who conferred lustre on your Society, our then President, 
 Thomas Henry Huxley, that that happy combination was due. We have 
 owed much to other great men who, belonging to your body, have devoted 
 themselves especially to the work of Anthropological Science, and have 
 presided over our Institute. Among these are George Busk, Francis Galton, 
 John Evans, John Beddoe, Augustus Franks, Augustus Pitt-Rivers, Daniel 
 Cunningham, and others who are departed, as well as Lord Avebury, Alexan- 
 der Macalister, Edward Burnet Tylor, and other distinguished members of 
 your body who happily remain with us. It is to one of the ornaments of your 
 Society Charles Darwin that the science of Anthropology owes its most 
 powerful inspiration. The Origin of Species and the Descent of Man 
 gave a new impulse and direction to the students of our science and formed 
 for them a fresh starting-point for laborious and fruitful investigation. We 
 have for many years felt the assured conviction that your body, as the 
 acknowledged leaders of scientific thought, had the most complete sympathy 
 with our work ; that you viewed the growing development of it with cordial 
 satisfaction ; and that you had thus contributed much towards its successful 
 prosecution. It is accordingly with a special feeling of gratification that we 
 have deputed our President, Dr. A. P. MAUDSLA,Y, to be our representative at 
 the Celebration of your auspicious Anniversary and to present to you in our 
 name this our Address of Congratulation. 
 
 ALFRED P. MAUDSLAY. 
 
 Dated the llth day of June, 1912. 
 
 ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, LONDON 
 
 WE, the President, Vice-Presidents, and Council of the ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL 
 SOCIETY, desire to offer our most hearty congratulations to the Royal Society on 
 the celebration of the 250th Anniversary of its foundation. We would testify 
 to the unceasing efforts of the Royal Society to promote the advancement of 
 Natural Knowledge, which have eminently contributed to the present remark- 
 able development of the sciences and their application to technical and 
 industrial arts. Particularly do we desire to acknowledge the beneficial 
 influence of the Royal Society on the study of Astronomy evidenced by the 
 large number of important memoirs on Astronomical Science found in its 
 publications. We note with pride the long roll of distinguished Astronomers 
 
108 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 who have been Fellows of the Society ; and we are mindful that it was the 
 extensive progress of Astronomy made in Great Britain under the encourage- 
 ment of the Royal Society, which led to the formation of the Royal Astro- 
 nomical Society. We are confident that the Royal Society will in the future, 
 as in the past, continue to exercise the same fostering and effective influence 
 upon the progress and development of all branches of Natural Knowledge. 
 
 F. W. DYSON, President. 
 ARTHUR R. HINKS, Secretary. 
 June 1 
 
 ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, LONDON 
 
 To THE PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY, FROM THE PRESIDENT 
 AND COUNCIL OF THE ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. Gentlemen, On behalf 
 of the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, and as representing the 
 Fellows, I desire to convey to you our warmest congratulations on the occasion 
 of the celebration of the 250th Anniversary of the foundation of your Society. 
 It would be superfluous for me to point out the claims which the Royal 
 Society possesses upon the admiration and gratitude of all who have the 
 interests of scientific progress at heart. Through long years it was the only 
 Institution in this country devoted to the encouragement and publication of the 
 results of scientific research on purely disinterested lines, and without any hope 
 of reward, except the satisfaction which follows the successful search for truth. 
 The most illustrious names in all departments of Science have been connected 
 with the Royal Society from its foundation. From the very first every serious 
 research into any of the many aspects of the universe was welcomed by the 
 Society, and the results were impartially considered. In time, and largely due 
 to the action of the Royal Society, this work of scientific research became so 
 multifarious that other Societies grew up alongside the parent Society, and 
 co-operated in the common object of seeking after the truth, and attempting 
 to interpret the phenomena of the universe. In past generations the subject 
 with which the Society is directly concerned had its fair share of attention at 
 the hands of the Royal Society, many of whose Fellows were specialists in 
 Geography ; and the influence and example of the Royal Society have not been 
 without their effect in inducing British geographers to apply scientific methods 
 in an ever increasing degree to their own department of research. In 
 pursuing its work the Royal Society has rendered eminent services to the 
 Empire and to the world, and we confidently hope that in the future it will 
 continue to occupy the commanding position in Science which it has attained 
 in the past. On behalf of the Council and Fellows of the Royal Geographical 
 Society, I am, Gentlemen, Your obedient servant, 
 
 CURZON OF KEDLESTON, President R.G.S. 
 
109 
 
 ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN, LONDON 
 
 THE MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN congratulate 
 the Royal Society of London on the occasion of the celebration of its two 
 hundred and fiftieth Anniversary, and wish the Society all prosperity and 
 
 success in the future. 
 
 DONALD W. C. HOOD, 
 
 Delegate of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. 
 
 21 Albemarle Street, London, W. 
 July 16th, 1912. 
 
 ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, LONDON 
 
 To THE ROYAL SOCIETY, LONDON. WE, THE PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL OF THE 
 ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, desire to offer to the Royal Society our sincere 
 congratulations on the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of 
 its foundation. We are deeply sensible of the pre-eminent position which the 
 Royal Society has always held in the promotion of natural knowledge, and of 
 the beneficial influence it has exerted upon the advancement of learning and 
 also upon the scientific development of the technical and industrial arts, by its 
 unceasing efforts. We recognize with especial satisfaction the support which 
 the Royal Society has afforded to the science of Meteorology, as exemplified 
 particularly in the labours of the Meteorological Committee. Many names 
 eminent in meteorological science occur in the Roll of Fellowship of the 
 Royal Society, and the published records of the Society contain numerous 
 contributions of outstanding importance to our knowledge of the mechanics 
 and physics of the atmosphere. In congratulating the Royal Society upon 
 a long and brilliant record of past achievement we are assured that it will 
 continue in the future to take an equally important part in the progress of 
 all branches of science. 
 
 Given under the Seal of the Society, June 19th, 1912. 
 
 H. N. DICKSON, President. 
 
 FRANCIS CAMPBELL-BAYARD) 
 
 W. F. CABORNE ^Secretaries. 
 
 THE COUNCIL AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY have 
 commissioned HENRY GEORGE PLIMMER, a Fellow of the Royal Society, and 
 their own President, to act as their Delegate at the 250th Anniversary of the 
 foundation of the Royal Society. They have desired him to convey the 
 
110 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 heartiest greetings and congratulations of one of the younger of its daughters 
 to the Royal Society on this the occasion of its 250th Anniversary, and thus 
 to testify to the honour and respect in which they hold the great Mother 
 of the Learned Societies. Signed on behalf of the Royal Microscopical 
 Society, by 
 
 H. G. PLIMMER, President. 
 
 WYNNE E. BAXTER, Treasurer. 
 JNO. EYRE 
 
 F. SHILLINGTON SCALES fSecretanes - 
 
 ROYAL SOCIETY OF ARTS, LONDON 
 
 THE ROYAL SOCIETY FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF ARTS, MANUFACTURES, 
 AND COMMERCE welcomes the opportunity which has been afforded to it of 
 offering its warm congratulations and best wishes to the Royal Society on 
 the 250th Anniversary of its foundation. Among the many services which 
 the Royal Society has rendered to this country and to Science in general, 
 one not the least has been that in proportion as the increase of knowledge 
 has rendered necessary special and separate study of each branch of in- 
 vestigation, the Society has been instrumental in the formation of fresh 
 Associations for this purpose, while itself maintaining a general interest in 
 the whole field of progress and discovery. The Society of Arts, in whose 
 foundation a century and a half ago several Fellows of the Royal Society 
 took a prominent part, has from its commencement looked to the Royal 
 Society as the parent of such Associations in this country, no less than the 
 model for similar combinations abroad, and congratulates itself on the close 
 connexion between the two Societies, which has been maintained throughout 
 its existence by the presence in its ranks of many distinguished Fellows of 
 the Royal Society. The Council have had pleasure in deputing their CHAIRMAN 
 to represent them among the distinguished crowd of Delegates who have 
 come from all countries of the world to take part in the celebration of this 
 auspicious Anniversary, and they desire to express their earnest hope that 
 the future may have in store for the first and greatest of English Scientific 
 Societies achievements no less illustrious and beneficial to mankind than those 
 which are recorded in its past history. Sealed with the Seal of the Royal 
 Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce in the 
 presence of . 
 
 SANDERSON, Chairman of the Council. 
 
 H. T. WOOD, Secretary to the Society. 
 5th November, 1912. 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 111 
 
 ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE, LONDON 
 
 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE. The President, Council, and Fellows 
 of the Royal Society of Medicine very heartily congratulate the President, 
 Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society on the completion of two hundred 
 and fifty years spent in the execution of the very important duties with which 
 it is entrusted. A Society which has for its object the improvement of the 
 Art and Science of Medicine in all its branches, towards which improvement 
 the advancement in knowledge in various other Sciences so largely contributes, 
 cannot but take the warmest interest in the continued prosperity and use- 
 fulness of the Royal Society, especially as there were among the original 
 members of that Society several Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians 
 of London, and as moreover several of its Presidents have been Fellows 
 either of that College or of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. In 
 former times when the power of Analysis had outrun the means of obtaining 
 knowledge, natural Philosophy and Metaphysics and the analysis of Sense 
 and the analysis of Thought were hopelessly confused by the attempt to 
 solve them, not through an appeal to facts, but by the help of general 
 theories respecting the nature of the Universe. In the philosophy of 
 Antiquity the meaning of the word 'Science' could scarcely be explained 
 to students, except from the mathematical sciences, which alone offered the 
 type of Universality and Certainty. Geometry was regarded as the pro- 
 paedeutic to philosophy. Somewhat of this view perhaps lingered at the 
 time when those who afterwards gave birth to the Royal Society had 'a 
 designe of founding a Colledge for the promoting of Physico-Mathematicall- 
 Experimentall Learning '. But the Royal Society having arisen out of the 
 'Invisible College 1 of which Boyle the disciple of Francis Bacon (both of 
 imperishable fame) speaks in sundry letters, having been granted a Charter 
 on July 15th, 1662, by Charles II, mathematical pupil of Hobbes, and 
 having adopted as its title the name first applied to it by the celebrated 
 diarist Evelyn directed its inquiries, particularly, to what was then called 
 the ' New Philosophy ' or ' Experimental Philosophy ' ' for the improving of 
 natural knowledge by experiments \ True to its origin and history, the 
 Royal Society still elects Princes of the Blood, and persons selected by the 
 Council from among men distinguished in walks of life other than Science ; 
 whilst by the restrictions made during the presidency of Sir Joseph Banks, 
 and subsequently, the number of Candidates recommended for election has 
 been limited to fifteen annually. Concurrently with this restriction of the 
 Fellowship, Science has grown enormously ; and as a consequence, other 
 Scientific Societies have been established, some under the auspices of several 
 Fellows of the Royal Society and by Royal Charter, some independently of 
 either of these advantages, but all active in the promotion of special branches 
 
112 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 of Science. The Royal Society is 144 years younger than the Royal 
 College of Physicians of London, but it is the oldest exclusively scientific 
 body in Great Britain, and one of the oldest in Europe. That it may 
 continue in the successful performance of its various functions as the promoter 
 of scientific investigations and researches, as the adviser of the Government 
 in connexion with national scientific works, and as the administrator of 
 Government grants and trust funds for experiments and for the publication 
 not only of its own invaluable Transactions and Proceedings but also of 
 scientific papers issued through other channels, is the earnest wish of the 
 Royal Society of Medicine, which shares with other learned bodies the honour 
 and special pleasure of taking part in the festivities of this Commemoration. 
 
 HENRY MORRIS, President. 
 July 15th, 1912. 
 
 ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY, LONDON 
 
 To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. WE, THE 
 PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL, representing the general body of Fellows of THE 
 ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY, desire to present to the President, Council, and 
 Fellows of the Royal Society on the occasion of the two hundred and fiftieth 
 Anniversary of its foundation, our sincere congratulations and greetings. 
 We are proud to claim association with your illustrious Society, not only 
 because in the pursuit of exact knowledge we look to you for guidance and 
 inspiration, but also because since the earliest days the Royal Statistical 
 ' Society has received the active support of many who are eminent in Science. 
 We recall with satisfaction that among the great names which adorn your 
 roll are included those of many of our Presidents, while other Fellows of our 
 Society intimately associated with our aims and activities, have added to 
 their distinction as Statisticians the lustre of the Fellowship of the Royal 
 Society. Among our Presidents the names of Lord John Russell, Lord 
 Houghton, William Newmarch, Dr. William Farr, Dr. Guy, Lord Goschen, 
 Sir Robert Giffen, Lord Avebury are prominent ; while our list of Treasurers 
 includes Henry Hallam and George Richardson Porter. It is of interest also 
 to record that Charles Richard Weld, the historian of the Royal Society, was 
 at one time Assistant Secretary to the Royal Statistical Society. On the 
 maintenance of your high traditions and the continuance of your labours 
 depend in a large degree the future welfare and greatness of our nation. 
 Now more than ever must your researches, by their breadth, by their 
 penetration, by their originality, give an impulse to the force and variety 
 of our national life. Great, however, as is your national mission, there is 
 a greater still ; for Science recognizes no geographical frontiers nor is 
 national advancement alone its incentive. Your high ideals touch the 
 welfare of all mankind, and your labours are illumined by the whole 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 113 
 
 firmament of Knowledge. It is because, in our more modest sphere of work, 
 we too are guided by the same standards and inspired by the same ideals 
 that we offer our sincere congratulations on this memorable occasion. 
 
 Given under the Common Seal of The Royal Statistical Society, llth 
 July, 1912. 
 
 F. Y. EDGEWORTH, President. 
 RICHARD B. MARTIN, Treasurer. 
 
 R. H. REW | 
 
 G. UDNY YULE [Honorary Secretaries. 
 A. W. FLUX 
 
 ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY, LONDON 
 
 THE COUNCIL AND FELLOWS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON send 
 greetings to the Royal Society. They have commissioned SIR HERBRAND 
 ARTHUR RUSSELL, DUKE OF BEDFORD, Knight of the Most Honourable Order of 
 the Garter, Fellow of the Royal Society, and their own President, to act as their 
 delegate at the celebration of the 250th Anniversary of the foundation of 
 the Royal Society and to testify to the honour and respect in which they hold 
 this great instrument for the advancement of natural knowledge. Signed for 
 the Council of the Zoological Society of London : 
 
 BEDFORD, President. 
 
 P. CHALMERS MITCHELL, Secretary. 
 July 15, 1912. 
 
 To THE PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. WE, THE PRESIDENT 
 
 AND COUNCIL OF THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, 
 
 offer our cordial congratulations to the Royal Society on the occasion of the 
 celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of the foundation of 
 the Society. The British Association, since its birth in 1851, has been 
 constantly in close relations with the Society. The great majority, not only 
 of those who took the leading parts in the foundation of the Association, but 
 of those who have filled its presidential chair, besides many others to whose 
 earnest co-operation the success of its Annual Meetings has been due, have 
 been Fellows of the Society. We would express the hope that the Society 
 may continue to prosper, and may always maintain that pre-eminent position 
 which is the fitting reward of its labours. Signed on behalf of the Council : 
 
 WILLIAM RAMSAY, President. 
 July, 1912. 
 
114 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY 
 
 WHEREAS on the eighth day of January of the year 1912 the President, 
 Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society invited the President and Council 
 of the CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY to send a representative to be 
 in London on the fifteenth day of July following at the celebration to be then 
 held of the two hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of the foundation of the 
 Royal Society, now the President and Council of the Cambridge Philosophical 
 Society hereby appoint their President, SIR GEORGE HOWARD DARWIN, Knight 
 Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Plumian Professor of 
 Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy in the University of Cambridge, and 
 Fellow of Trinity College in the same University, to be their representative 
 on this occasion and to bear to the President, Council, and Fellows of the 
 Royal Society their felicitations on the long-continued and illustrious services 
 to science of the Society. The Fellows of the Philosophical Society desire to 
 avail themselves of the present opportunity of expressing their pride in the 
 fact that, from the days of Newton, members of the University of Cambridge 
 and in later times of their Society have always borne an important part in the 
 beneficent work of the Royal Society. 
 
 Sealed this sixth day of July, 1912. 
 
 G. H. DARWIN, President. 
 
 E. W. BARNES, Secretary. 
 
 MANCHESTER LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY 
 
 PRAESIDI CONSILIO SODALIBUS SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRO SCIENTIA NATURALI 
 PROMOVENDA ANNUM CCL SUUM FELICITER CELEBRANTIS S. P. D. SOCIETAS 
 LITTERARIA EX PniLosopHiCA MANCUNiENsis. Etsi vix omnibus persuadebit 
 poeta qui censebat 
 
 in magnis et voluisse sat est> 
 
 tamen cum praeclaros Societatis vestrae annales per tot iam saecula florentis 
 spectemus, nostrae certe non ingrata laus erit si quis nos voluisse iudicaverit, 
 quantum quidem intra provinciam nostram fieri posset, insistere vestigiis 
 vestris. Nee sine gloria quadam propria nobis, qui usque ad hunc diem 
 Daltonii illius domum habitamus, recordari licet et Daltonium ipsum et 
 loulium quibus quae nomina in rebus physicis magis illustria ? communes 
 socios vestri et nostri corporis fuisse, nee non inter nos, ut inter familiares suos, 
 aliquanto prius reperta sua quemque esse confesses. Nonne enim, ut cecinit 
 Salomo, 'ceu ferrum ferro, sic ab amico exacuitur amici facies 1 ? Nos certe si 
 quid unquam boni in medium conferre vel poterimus vel potuimus, inde id 
 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 115 
 
 nobis contigerit quod vestro exemplo instincti doctos viros et naturae 
 investigatores singulos ac solos laborare non patimur, sed in sociorum convivia, 
 in rationis commercia attrahere conamur. Sit de nobis quoque dictum, ut a 
 Vergilio olim cum Roma Mantuam comparante, 
 
 sic canibus catuli similes, sic matribus haedi, 
 
 dummodo quis hoc pro certo habeat nos haedos, quanquam iam et ipsi per 
 centum et triginta annorum cursum saltavimus, victorias ac triumphos vestros, 
 velut parentis, summo semper gaudio revereri, feriasque vestras hoc tempore 
 laetissime celebrare. Et in tanto hoc populo, cuius necessitates in dies acrius 
 Scientiae exauctae opem ante omnia implorant, diu vobis excitare ac ducere 
 liceat magnum istum exercitum quaerentium veritatem. Horum ergo votorum 
 nuntium, Praesidem nostrum dilectum, artis botanicae acerrimum Professorem, 
 FREDERICUM ERNESTUM WEISS, a vobis benigne vocati delegavimus qui vobis 
 ipse laetantibus laetitiam nostram repraesentet. 
 
 F. E. WEISS, Praeses. 
 R. L. TAYLOR 
 GEORGE 
 
 Datum Mancunii, ex aedibus Daltonianis, Kal. lul. MDCCCCXII. 
 
 ASHMOLEAN NATURAL HlSTORY SOCIETY OF OXFORDSHIRE 
 
 THE ASHMOLEAN NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF OXFORDSHIRE sends heartiest 
 congratulations to the Royal Society on the celebration of the 250th 
 Anniversary of its foundation. It begs to express its profound admiration 
 for the great part the Royal Society has played in the extensive development 
 of Natural Knowledge, and in the enormous advancement of the beneficial and 
 industrial Arts, during those 250 years, and thanks the Royal Society for 
 the stimulus and encouragement it has always afforded to other Societies, 
 throughout the Empire, by its splendid example in the field of research. For 
 these reasons the Ashmolean Natural History Society of Oxfordshire, thus 
 named in memory of Elias Ashmole, one of the earliest Fellows of the Royal 
 Society, desires herewith to offer its humble homage and greeting. 
 
 ARTHUR A. RAMBAUT, President and Delegate. 
 
 To THE PRESIDENT, COUNCIL, AND MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. THE 
 PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL OF THE SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY offer to the 
 Royal Society their most hearty congratulations on the attainment of the two 
 hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of its foundation and have nominated to 
 
 i 2 
 
116 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 represent them on this happy occasion RUDOLPH MESSEL, their President. At 
 no time in the history of experimental science has there been any hard and fast 
 line dividing science from its applications, and the President and Council of 
 the Society of Chemical Industry recognize with pride that among the Fellows 
 of the Royal Society have been found some of the most brilliant examples the 
 world has seen of the genius which, while it seeks and grasps the highest 
 generalizations, is at the same time intensely alive to the applications of 
 science in arts and manufactures. As the oldest chartered scientific society in 
 this country and the mother of many daughter societies, the Royal Society 
 rouses the sympathy and admiration of all followers of applied science 
 throughout the world. The Society of Chemical Industry cannot forget that 
 it owed much of its early success to the timely support of Fellows of the Royal 
 Society : the Right Honourable Sir Henry Roscoe, its first President ; Sir 
 Frederick Abel, Sir Lowthian Bell, Sir William Perkin, Sir William Siemens, 
 Dr. Angus Smith, Mr. Walter Weldon, Prof. A. W. Williamson, and Dr. 
 James Young, its first Vice-Presidents ; and Capt. W. de W. Abney, Sir 
 William Crookes, Dr. Peter Griess, and Dr. Hermann Sprengel, Members of its 
 first Council. When the Society of Chemical Industry opened its doors to men 
 of every country and every race, the Royal Society at once welcomed this 
 manifestation of the brotherhood of Science, and marked its appreciation of the 
 great importance of such international exchanges of courtesy and scientific 
 opinion by the new departure of a reception to the Society and its members 
 who had come across the sea. In industrial production the gain of one nation 
 may be the loss of another, but the victories of science stand alone in that 
 there is no enemy to vanquish but ignorance, and its conquests are for the gain 
 and enrichment of the whole human race. The increased power over nature 
 won by the work of Davy and Faraday, of Rumford, and of Rutherford gives 
 no exclusive gain to any one country. The Royal Society and the Society 
 of Chemical Industry have a common object in improving and increasing 
 natural knowledge, and the future condition of mankind, both intellectually 
 and materially, depends upon the growth and activity of scientific Societies. 
 The organized and systematic application of science to industry is still far 
 from complete. The Society of Chemical Industry looks to the Royal Society 
 to continue to bestow upon its work the interest and encouragement which 
 have been so fully granted in the past. In wishing for the Royal Society 
 continued and increasing prosperity, the President and Council trust that the 
 cordial relations existing between the Societies may be maintained and result 
 in a more extended co-operation. 
 
 RUDOLPH MESSEL, President. 
 THOMAS TYRER, Treasurer. 
 CHAELES G. CRESSWELL, Secretary. 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 117 
 
 SCOTLAND 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN 
 
 SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRAESIDI COXCILIO SODALIBUS UNIVERSITAS ABERDONENSIS 
 Salutem. Societatem Regalem praeclarissimam per annos fere ducentos quin- 
 quaginta durasse omnibus saltern quotquot minimara scientiam habent probe 
 notum est. Neque iustum esset si talis occasio silentio praetermitteretur, prae- 
 sertim ab Universitatibus Britannicis. Per ea enim quae ad inlustrandam 
 rerum naturam sodales vestri contulerunt doctrina nostra quotannis increbruit. 
 Nos vero, qui adulescentes informare conamur, oblivisci nequimus vos semper 
 quicquid boni operis in eorum studiis inveneritis summopere fovisse, et eodem 
 tempore quinque professores nostros inter vestros socios esse adscriptos 
 gloriari oportet. Itaque summa voluptate Vice-Cancellarium nostrum, virum 
 admodum reverendum, GEORGIUM ADAM SMITH, D.D., LL.D., Litt. D., qui 
 gaudium nostrum praesentia sua testetur, legare constituimus. 
 
 STRATHCONA, Cancellarius. 
 Datum Aberdoniae, vicesimo quinto die mensis lunii, MCMXII. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH 
 
 SOCIETATI REGALI S. P. D. UNIVERSITAS ACADEMICA EDINBURGENSIS. Societa- 
 tem Regalem cum ceteris ubique Universitatibus nos quoque, Universitas 
 Edinburgensis, iam pridem veneramur et magni facimus, ut omnis Scientiae 
 praeclarissimam inventricem et altricem. Multarum ilia quidem instar 
 Universitatum est, multa in fastis suis nomina habet eorum virorum qui 
 maximo ingenio praediti, veritatis investigandae acerrimi cultores, plurimum 
 generi humano profuerint, Newton, Humphry Davy, Faraday, Darwin, 
 Lister, Kelvin, ut pauca tantum et praecellentia e multis enumeremus. Annum 
 ducentesimum quinquagesimum ita implevit Societas vestra ut nullo saeculo 
 quicquam magni in Scientia novatum et in melius provectum sit cuius ilia expers 
 fuerit. Videmus haud minus hodie florentem quam his tot annis praeteritis, 
 diuque ut floreat optamus : diu rerum naturam indagantibus viam praemonstret 
 novosque ad nova incepta animos inspiret; sint futuris quoque temporibus 
 permulti qui digni sint ut in ordinem istum tarn praeclarum adscribantur. 
 
 WILHELMUS TURNER, Praeses. 
 L. J. GRANT, Secretarius Senatus Academki. 
 Dabamtis Edinburgi, mense lulio, anno Salutis Nostrae MGMXI1. 
 
118 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW 
 
 AD SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRAESIDEM, CONCILIUM, SODALES. UNIVERSITAS 
 GLASGUENSIS salutem sibi a vobis humanissime impertitam perlibenter reddit. 
 Et grato animo officii gratiam accipere iuvat, quod nos in consortium tantae 
 sollemnitatis vocare dignati estis, et eum praecipue ad vos legare cuius vel ex 
 auctoritate eluceat quanti honoris hunc diem habeamus. Magnus enim sane 
 ille dies qui quinquagesimum lustrum claudit ex quo nobile illud sapientum 
 sodalicium, iusti non sine libertate imperii instaurati specimen, regiis auspiciis 
 inchoatum est. Et proprium quoddam nobis gaudium inde percipere licet 
 quod illorum vestrorum luminum et satis multa et satis clara se educavisse 
 haec nostra academia profited potest. Placuit igitur vir. cl. DONALDUM 
 MACALISTER, Praesidem nostrum et Vicecancellarium, plurimarumque eundem 
 ipsum artium antistitem, vobis hisce litteris commendatum mittere, qui et 
 nostris verbis et suo iure vobis de amplissima qua adhuc floruistis laude et de 
 profectus venturi spe auspicatissima, praesens gratuletur. 
 
 Dabamus Glasguae, mens. lid. anno MCMX1I. 
 
 GEORGIUS MILLIGAN, Senates Academici Scriba. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS 
 
 SOCIETATIS REGALIS PRAESIDI CONCILIO ET SODALIBUS UNIVERSITAS ANDREANA 
 S. P. D. Non sine gaudio neque alieno a vobis animo acceperamus, viri 
 doctissimi et amicissimi, ferias vos hoc anno acturos esse natalicias Societatis 
 vestrae ducentesinias quinquagesimas, quibus ut intersit legavimus Scientiarum 
 Facultatis nostrae Decanum, IACOBUM COLQUHOUN IRVINE, Scientiae Chemicae 
 Professorem. Scilicet vix ullam Universitatem esse arbitramur quae benevolen- 
 tius magisque ex animo Societatem vestram salutare debeat, cum apud nos 
 litteris et philosophiae operam dederit Robertus Murray qui primus vobis 
 praefuit et quern Societatis vestrae Animam vir summus Christian. Huygens 
 appellavit. Nee defuerunt qui postera aetate e vestro numero apud nos quoque 
 de scientiis bene meruerint, e quibus iuvat nomina apponere Davidis Brewster, 
 Collegii S. Salvatoris et S. Leonardi apud Andreanos Praefecti, et Domini 
 Playfair de St. Andrews, qui quam diligenter in scientiis promovendis elabora- 
 rint omnibus notum est. Nihil dicimus de iis quos his temporibus e nostro 
 numero in vestram Societatem adscivistis, cum eos vobis satis cognitos et pro- 
 batos certo sciamus. Vetera sane inter vos nosque vincula sunt et studiorum 
 velut consanguinitas ; optamus igitur et precamur ut vestra Societas, sicut 
 adhuc floruit, haud minus in posterum floreat semper et vigescat. 
 
 IACOBUS DONALDSON, Vkecancellarius. 
 Dabamus Andreapoti, mense lulio, MCMXII. 
 
CELEBKATION ADDRESSES 119 
 
 ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 
 
 To THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF THE 
 ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH desire to offer their congratulations to the 
 Royal Society of London upon the attainment of the two hundred and 
 fiftieth Anniversary of its foundation. Founded for the purpose of ' further 
 promoting by the authority of experiments the science of natural things and 
 of useful arts', the Royal Society of London has with increasing zeal and 
 power continued to fulfil its high calling, and commands in the world of 
 scientific endeavour a position peculiarly its own. The Royal Society of 
 Edinburgh recalls with pride and satisfaction that since its own foundation in 
 1783 there has always existed between the two Societies a close association, 
 based not only on community of aim and interests, but in great measure 
 also upon community of membership. Scientific men of eminence have served 
 on the Councils, and contributed to the publications", of both Societies ; 
 and each Society can claim the late Lord Kelvin as one of the most renowned 
 of its Presidents. At this time the personal connexion is happily exemplified 
 by the fact that the distinguished President of the Royal Society of London 
 has been a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh for fully half a century. 
 May the important work which the Royal Society of London has achieved 
 in the past be continued and extended, during many centuries to come, to 
 the furtherance of natural knowledge and the progress of humanity. 
 
 WM. TURNER, President. 
 
 C. G. KNOTT, Secretary. 
 July, 1912. 
 
 ROYAL PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF GLASGOW 
 
 THE ROYAL PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF GLASGOW TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF 
 LONDON FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF NATURAL KNOWLEDGE. We, the Members 
 of the Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow, desire to express our gratifica- 
 tion at the courteous invitation to take part in celebrating the two hundred 
 and fiftieth Anniversary of the foundation of the Royal Society of London, 
 and our heartiest congratulations on the uninterrupted and pre-eminently 
 fruitful activity of the Society over a period of such duration. Scientific 
 Societies and Learned Bodies of all nations are bound and indebted in many 
 ways to the Royal Society ; for leadership in scientific thought, for encour- 
 agement of research, and for an unsparing hand in the dissemination of 
 knowledge. Since its inception the history of the progress of the Royal 
 Society has been largely the history of the advancement of science : the long 
 
120 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 Roll of its Fellows bears the names of almost all the illustrious men of two 
 and a half centuries. Many of these we can recall whose names have adorned 
 our own Roll, and we cherish with peculiar satisfaction the recollection that 
 the late Lord Kelvin, during wellnigh sixty years, gave liberally of the 
 offspring of his great genius to forward the interests of both societies. We 
 also recall with pride that on the celebration of the Centenary of our Society 
 in 1902 we were honoured by a cordial greeting from the Royal Society the 
 Mother and the Model of all the learned societies in the English-speaking 
 world. It is our earnest hope that the Royal Society may long continue, 
 with ever fresh ardour and increasing power, to carry on its great work for 
 the advancement of knowledge. 
 
 Signed on behalf of the Members of the Royal Philosophical Society of 
 Glasgow, this second day of July., Nineteen hundred and twelve. 
 
 JOHN GLAISTER, President. 
 
 IRELAND 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN (TRINITY COLLEGE) 
 
 SOCIETATI REGIAE UNIVERSITAS DUBLINENSIS S. P. D. Societas vestra, viri 
 doctissimi, quae rerum naturalium investigatoribus, tamquam sol, in regno 
 nostro lucem et calorem praebet, vim beneficam tamdiu et tarn efficaciter 
 exercet ut vix animo concipere possimus olim, neque multis abhinc annis si 
 vitam nationis quis consideret, earn non esse exortam. Sed cum invitatio 
 vestra benignissima venerat ut gaudii vestri participes essemus quo quartam 
 partem millennii naviter et feliciter peractam celebraturi estis, recordati sumus 
 quanta et qualia in brevi spatio animus excelsus, improbi laboris prodigus, 
 veritatis amore instinctus efficere possit. Gratis animis agnoscimus nullam 
 esse rerum naturae partem quae non manum adiutricem Societatis vestrae 
 senserit, sive quis ad extremes mundi fines iverit ut ad Arctoum polum via 
 pateret, sive maris altitudines rimatus sit ut quae ibi latitarent plantae atque 
 animalia cognoscerentur, sive ad coelum oculorum verterit obtutum ut transi- 
 tiones planetarum ibi dispicerentur. Quid ? opere vestro vetus cohors 
 febrium plane fugata est et morborum vis malefica sensim in dies debilitatur : 
 denique in omni genere laboris beneficentia vestra munere suo salutari semper 
 fungitur. Meminisse iuvat inter auctores Societatis vestrae fuisse Robertum 
 Boyle nostratem, multosque Hiberniae filios in Albo Sociorum vestrorum 
 inscriptos esse, inter quos praecipuo honore nominandus est unus e Praesidibus 
 vestris illustrissimis Gulielmus Thomson, Baro Kelvin, cuius infantia coelum 
 hausit Hibernicum. Laeti igitur libentesque vobis gratulationes et grates 
 agimus, et delegamus virum doctum e coetu nostro eundemque coetui vestro 
 iamdudum adscriptum, paene tarn vobis dilectum quam nobis, IOHANNEM 
 
CELEBRATION ADDRESSES 121 
 
 JOLY, Scientiae Doctorem, Geologiae Professorem in his aulis, qui feriis vestris 
 adsit vobisque et nostro et suo nomine omnia bona fausta felicia ex animo 
 precetur. Valete. 
 
 IVEAGH, Cancellarius. 
 
 ANTHONY TRAILL, M.D., Praepositus Collegii SS. Trinitatis. 
 Dublinii, in Collegia SS. Trinitatis, mense lulio, A.S. MCMXII. 
 
 ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY, DUBLIN 
 
 SOCIETATI REGIAE ACADEMIA REGIA HIBERNICA S. P. D. Cum iam, viri 
 doctissimi, post annos ducentos quinquaginta feliciter peractos Societas 
 vestra illustris optimo iure ferias plusquam saeculares habitura sit, laeti 
 libentes invitationem vestram benignam accepimus qua nos quoque in partem 
 gaudii vestri vocavistis, utpote qui vobis non solum studiorum et naturae 
 similitudine simus consociati sed etiam vinculis quibusdam propriis constricti. 
 Nam ad exemplum vestrum saeculo XVIII fundata est Academia nostra, unde 
 utrisque nobis Prid. Kal. Decembr. quotannis dies est prae ceteris sollemnis : 
 porro loseph Banks, Eques auratus, Societatis vestrae Praeses in diplomate 
 constitutionum nostrarum inter primes sodales nostros nominatus est, et 
 Praesides vestri propter coronam tantam illis a vobis collatam inter sodales 
 nostros honoris causa merito sunt semper adscript!. Quanta beneficia generi 
 humano semper et ubique contuleritis in scientia rerum promovenda, in ignora- 
 tione removenda, gratis animis cum toto orbe terrarum agnoscimus ; neque 
 immemores sumus nosmet ipsos munificentia vestra esse nuper adiutos cum 
 opus magni laboris suscepimus, scilicet in Hibernia Occidentali rerum natura- 
 lium perlustrationem accuratam. Nulla est sane maior hominibus voluptas 
 quam gaudere cum gaudentibus, praecipue cum, sicut vos et nos, multis 
 amicitiae necessitudinibus sunt inter se coniuncti. Itaque invitatio vestra 
 nobis maximae est laetitiae, et vobis commendamus virum doctum in coetu 
 tarn vestro quam nostro inscriptum, IOHANNEM ALEXANDRUM MCCLELLAND, 
 Scientiae Doctorem, ab Actis Academiae, Professorem Rerum Naturalium in 
 Collegio Universitatis Dublinensis, qui feriarum vestrarum celebrationi adsit 
 et Academiae gratulabundae et vobis grates gratiasque habentis personam 
 tarn laete quam sincere gerat. Valete. 
 
 J. P. MAHAFFY, Praeses Academiae. 
 LOUIS C. PURSER, Ab Actis Concilii Academici. 
 Dublinii, in domo Academica, a. d. IV. Idus lulias, A. S. MCMXII. 
 
122 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 ROYAL DUBLIN SOCIETY 
 
 THE ROYAL DUBLIN SOCIETY TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON Greeting. 
 The President and Council of the ROYAL DUBLIN SOCIETY heartily join in 
 congratulating the Royal Society of London on the attainment of the two 
 hundred and fiftieth Anniversary of its foundation. Great has been the 
 progress of science since the Society under Royal auspices undertook the task 
 of improving natural knowledge, and the Fellows may well look with pride 
 upon the conspicuous part they have taken in winning from Nature her well- 
 guarded secrets. We earnestly hope that the Royal Society may continue its 
 beneficent labours with increasing success, ever widening the bounds of know- 
 ledge and extending man's control over Nature. 
 
 Given under our Common Seal at Leinster House* Dublin, this first day of 
 August, 1912. 
 
 HOWARD GRUBB, Vice-President. 
 
 QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY OF BELFAST 
 
 To THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. WE, 
 THE CHANCELLOR AND MEMBERS OF THE QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY OF BELFAST, desire 
 to convey our congratulations on the occasion of this your Fifth Jubilee, and, 
 with our elders in learning, to acknowledge the blessings which your example 
 and generous endeavour have bestowed upon the commonwealth of Science. 
 The Virtuosi of Gresham College planned with confidence in their purpose and 
 in their successors. Within five years the poet's compliment that your Society 
 was ' worthy a history ' found proof in the memorable record of your first 
 efforts 'to increase the Powers of all Mankind'. At this remove it is our 
 privilege to do honour to a great tradition, and to see in that tradition less 
 the pride of accomplishment than the continuing promise of ' ransom to the 
 mind of man '. 
 
 Signed in name of the University, on the fifteenth day of July , one thousand 
 nine hundred and twelve. 
 
 SHAFTESBURY, Chancellor. 
 
II. TELEGRAMS AND LETTERS 
 
 I FROM FOREIGN MEMBERS AND OTHER MEN OF 
 SCIENCE ABROAD 
 
 PROFESSOR EMIL FISCHER, University of Berlin, Foreign Member of the Royal 
 Society. Zum Jubelfeste beehre ich mich der Royal Society herzlichen 
 Gltickwunsch darzubringen. EMIL FISCHER. 
 
 PROFESSOR HENDRIK ANTOON LORENTZ, For. Memb. R.S., and PROFESSOR VAN- 
 DESANDE BAKHUYSEN, both of the University of Leyden. Hearty wishes for 
 lasting prosperity and glorious future. VANDESANDE BAKHUYZEN, LORENTZ. 
 
 PROFESSOR CLEMENT A. TIMIRIAZEFF, University of Moscow, For. Memb. R.S. 
 Accept warmest congratulations to the fifth jubilee of the Society's glorious 
 career. TIMIRIAZEFF. 
 
 PROFESSOR C. WILHELM RONTGEN, University of Munich. Leider gestattet 
 meine Gesundheit nicht nach London zu reisen ; ich bitte der Royal Society 
 meinen Dank und die herzlichsten Gliickwiinsche zu uberbringen. WILHELM 
 RONTGEN. 
 
 PROFESSOR PHILIPPE A. GUYE, University of Geneva. Empeche a mon vif 
 regret de prendre part au brillant anniversaire Royal Society, je prie son 
 President et ses membres d'agreer mes felicitations les plus sinceres et mes 
 vceux les plus cordiaux. Professeur PHILIPPE GUYE. 
 
 II. FROM UNIVERSITIES, ACADEMIES, &c. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ. Universitas literarum Graecensis gratulatur ex animo. 
 HAUKE, Rector. 
 
 BOHEMIAN KARL-FERDINAND UNIVERSITY OF PRAGUE. SIR, lam very sorry 
 to be prevented by official duties from personally taking part in the Celebration 
 of the 250th Anniversary of the Royal Society. 
 
 I beg to heartily congratulate you and the Royal Society in the name of 
 the Bohemian University of Prague, adding my own sincere wishes for 
 the continued prosperity of the Royal Society, of which you are the President. 
 I remain, Sir, very truly yours, F. VEJDOVSKY. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF SOPHIA. University of Sophia congratulates the Society at 
 its jubilee and wishes it a still more glorious future in intensive and 
 scientific work. Rector JURINITCH. 
 
 THE PRUSSIAN MINISTER OF EDUCATION, BERLIN. Der Royal Society, die 
 wahrend eines Vierteljahrtausends durch ihre beruhmten Mitglieder und 
 
124 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 ihre bedeutenden Arbeiten die Wissenschaft hervorragend gefdrdert hat, 
 spreche ich zu ihrer Jubelfeier die herzlichsten Wiinsche der Preussischen 
 Unterrichtsverwaltung aus. Preussischer Kultusminister, VON TROTT zu SOLZ. 
 UNIVERSITY OF PADUA. Celeberrimae isti Societati Regali natalem suum 
 ducentesimum et quinquagesimum omnium cum plausu peragenti Rector 
 et Sodales Universitatis Patavinae uno consensu gratulantur, ut omnia 
 bene fausteque eveniant auspicantes adprecantes.- Rector, Rossi. 
 
 UNIVERSITY" OF PISA. Presidente, Royal Society, London : Dispiacente che 
 il Prof. Nasini non possa recarsi costa prego V. S. accogliere nome questo 
 Ateneo i voti piu fervidi per la prosperita di cotesta benemerita Associazione. 
 Rettore, SUPINO. 
 
 MARCHESE A. DE GREGORIO, Vice-President of the Sicilian Society of 
 Natural Sciences. In the happy anniversary of the constitution of the Royal 
 Society, I have the honour to send to you (who are the honoured President) 
 the homages of our Societa Siciliana of Natural Sciences, of which I am the 
 Vice-President. I pray you to accept my best regards and believe me, Yours 
 very truly, ANTONIO DE GREGORIO. 
 
 BERGEN MUSEUM. Bergens Museum, grateful for the Society's important 
 contributions to the world's scientific progress during 250 years, sends its hearty 
 congratulations to the jubilee with best wishes for the future. KLAUS HANSEN, 
 JENS HOLMBOE. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF DORPAT. Universite Jouriew (Dorpat) presente ses felicita- 
 tions et vceux de prosperite. DE LA RUE JAROTZKI. 
 
 IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY OF KASAN. Die memorabili quern Societas Regalis 
 Londinensis in scientia promovenda natalem 1912 celebrat Universitas Caesarea 
 Casanensis vota ei sincera mittit : floreat, in dies crescat, scientiam ad maiorem 
 patriae laudem fortiter promoveat clarissima Societas Regalis. Pro Rectore 
 Universitatis, TONKOFF. 
 
 RUSSIAN CENTRAL CHAMBER OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. The Central 
 Chamber of Weights and Measures, founded by the late Foreign Member of 
 Royal Society, Mendeleeff, considers it as its duty to congratulate on the 
 occasion of the fifth jubilee, and expresses the hope that also in future the 
 Royal Society will flourish as highest authority promoting science and human 
 prosperity. Director, EGOROFF. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. University Chicago extends Royal Society cordial 
 congratulations upon anniversary. Its distinguished membership includes men 
 whose achievements are pride of English-speaking race. University expresses 
 appreciation of their high accomplishment by sending Professor Frost as 
 delegate. JUDSON. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND. Chancellor, Queensland University, sends 
 greetings Royal Society. 
 
INDEX 
 
 A. 
 
 Aberdeen University, Delegate from, 20. 
 Adelaide University, Delegate from, 17. 
 Africa, South, Delegates from, 18 ; Address 
 
 from Royal Society of South Africa, 87. 
 Agram University, Address from, 32. 
 Aligarh, Delegate from, 18. 
 Allahabad University, Delegate from, 18. 
 American Academy, Boston, Delegate from, 
 
 17 ; Address from, 77. 
 
 American Mathematical Society, New York, 
 
 Delegate from, 17 ; 
 National Academy (Washington), 
 
 Address from, 79. 
 
 Philosophical Society, Phila- 
 delphia, Delegate from, 17 ; 
 Address from, 78. 
 
 Amsterdam, Delegates from, 15 ; Address 
 from University, 54 ; Address from Royal 
 Academy of Sciences, 57. 
 Antiquaries, Delegate from Society of, 19 ; 
 
 Address from, 96. 
 Ashmolean Society of Oxfordshire, Delegate 
 
 from, 20 ; Address from, 115. 
 Asiatic Society of Bengal, Delegate from, 
 
 18 ; Address from, 86. 
 Athens, Delegate from, 14. 
 
 Australia, Delegates from, 17 ; Addresses 
 
 from, 81, 82. 
 Austria-Hungary, Delegates from, 13. 
 
 B. 
 
 Bakhuysen, Professor, Telegram from, 123. 
 Belfast, Queen's University of, Delegate 
 
 from, 21 ; Address from, 122. 
 Belgium, Delegates from, 13 ; Addresses 
 
 from, 36. 
 
 Bergen Museum, Telegram from, 124. 
 Berlin, Delegates from, 14 ; Address from 
 
 the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, 
 
 49 ; Telegram from the Prussian Minister 
 
 of Education, 123. 
 Berne, Delegate from, 16 ; Address from 
 
 University, 66 ; Address from Helvetique 
 
 Society of Natural Sciences, 68. 
 Birmingham University, Delegate from, 18 ; 
 
 Address from, 90. 
 Bologna, Delegate from, 14 ; Address from 
 
 University, 52. 
 Bombay University, Delegate from, 18 ; 
 
 Address from, 84. 
 Bordeaux, Delegates from, 13; Address from 
 
 University, 45 ; Address from National 
 
 Academy, 45. 
 Boston, Delegate from, 17 ; Address from 
 
 American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 
 
 77. 
 
 Breslau, Delegate from, 14. 
 
 Bristol University, Delegate from, 18 ; 
 Address from, 90. 
 
 British Academy, Delegate from, 19 ; Ad- 
 dress from, 96. 
 
 British Association, Delegate from, 20 ; 
 Address from, 113. 
 
 British Isles, Delegates from Institutions 
 in, 18-21. 
 
 British Museum, Delegate from, 19 ; Ad- 
 dress from, 97. 
 
 Brussels, Delegate from, 13 ; Address from 
 Royal Academy of Sciences of, 37. 
 
 Budapest, Delegate from, 13 ; Address from 
 Royal Hungarian University of, 36. 
 
 Burlington House, 3, 4, 22. 
 
 C. 
 
 Cairo, Delegate from, 16. 
 
 Calcutta, Delegates from, 18 ; Address from 
 University > 85 ; Address from Asiatic 
 Society of Bengal, 86. 
 
 California, Delegates from, 16, 17. 
 
 Cambridge, Delegates from, 18, 20. 
 
 Cambridge Philosophical Society, Delegate 
 from, 20 ; Address from, 114. 
 
 Cambridge University, Honorary Degrees 
 conferred by, on some distinguished 
 Delegates, 27-30; Address from, to Royal 
 Society, 88. 
 
 Canada, Delegates from, 17 ; Addresses 
 from, 83. 
 
 Cape of Good Hope University, Delegate 
 from, 18. 
 
 Chemical Industry, Delegate from Society 
 of, 20 ; Address from, 115. 
 
 Chemical Society, Delegate from, 19 ; Ad- 
 dress from, 98. 
 
 Chemistry, Delegate from Institute of, 19 ; 
 Address from, 101. 
 
 Chicago University, Delegate from, 16 ; 
 Telegram from, 124. 
 
 Christiania, Delegates from, 15 ; Address 
 from Royal University, 58 ; Address from 
 Academy of Sciences, 59. 
 
 Clark University, Worcester, U.S. A., Dele- 
 gate from, 16 ; Address from, 72. 
 
 Clermont-Ferrand, Delegate from, 13 ; Ad- 
 dress from University, 46. 
 
 Columbia University, Delegate from, 16 ; 
 Address from, 73. 
 
 Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 
 Delegate from, 17 ; Address from, 77. 
 
 Conversazione given by Royal Society, 
 22. 
 
 Copenhagen, Delegates from, 13 ; Address 
 from University, 38 ; Address from Royal 
 Danish Society of Science, 39. 
 
126 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Cornell University, Delegate from, 16 ; 
 
 Address from, 74. 
 Cracow, Delegate from, 13 ; Address from 
 
 Academy of Sciences, 33. 
 
 D. 
 
 Denmark, Delegates from, 13. 
 
 Dorpat, Delegate from, 15 ; Telegram from 
 
 University, 124. 
 Dublin, Delegates from, 21 ; Address from 
 
 University, 120 ; Address from Royal 
 
 Irish Academy, 121. 
 Durham University, Delegate from, 18 ; 
 
 Address from, 91. 
 
 E. 
 
 Edinburgh, Delegates from, 20 ; Address 
 from the University, 117 ; Address from 
 Royal Society of, 119. 
 Egypt, Delegates from, 16. 
 Engineers, Delegate from Institution of 
 
 Civil, 19. 
 
 Delegate from Institution of 
 
 Electrical, 19 ; Address from, 
 102. 
 Delegate from Institution of 
 
 Mechanical, 19. 
 Entomological Society, Delegate from, 19 ; 
 
 Address from, 98. 
 Erlangen, Delegate from, 14. 
 
 F. 
 
 Finland, Delegates from, 15 ; Addresses 
 
 from, 62-4. 
 
 Fischer, Emil, Telegram from, 123. 
 Florence, Delegate from, 14. 
 France, Delegates from, 13 ; Addresses 
 
 from, 40-5. 
 Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Delegate 
 
 from, 17 ; Address from, 78. 
 Freiburg im Breisgau, Delegate from, 14. 
 
 G. 
 
 Garden Party at Windsor and reception of 
 the Council of the Royal Society and 
 Delegates by their Majesties the King 
 and Queen, 23. 
 
 Geneva, Delegate from, 16 ; Address from 
 University, 67. 
 
 Geological Society, Delegate from, 19 ; Ad- 
 dress from, 100. 
 
 Geological Survey of Great Britain, Delegate 
 from, 19 ; Address from, 100. 
 
 Germany, Delegates from, 14 ; Combined 
 Address from Universities of, on bronze 
 Tablet, 48. 
 
 Giessen, Delegate from, 14. 
 
 Glasgow, Delegates from, 20 ; Address from 
 University, 118 ; Address from Royal 
 Philosophical Society, 119. 
 
 Gottingen, Delegates from, 14 ; Address 
 from Royal Society of Sciences, 49. 
 
 Graz University, Telegram from, 123. 
 
 Greece, Delegate from, 14. 
 
 Greifswald, Delegate from, 14. 
 Groningen, Delegate from, 15 ; Address 
 
 from University of, 54. 
 Guildhall, Dinner in, 3, 21. 
 Guye, Professor, Telegram from, 123. 
 
 H. 
 
 Haarlem, Delegate from, 15 ; Address from 
 
 Dutch Society of Sciences, 57. 
 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Delegate from Insti- 
 tute of Science, 18 ; Address from, 84. 
 Halle, Delegate from, 14. 
 Hamburg, Address from Natural Science 
 
 Union of, 51. 
 Harvard University, Delegate from, 16 ; 
 
 Address from, 74. 
 Heidelberg, Delegate from, 14. 
 Helsingfors, Delegates from, 15 ; Address 
 
 from University of Finland, 62 ; Address 
 
 from Finnish Society of Sciences, 63. 
 Hobart, Address from Royal Society of 
 
 Tasmania, 81. 
 
 I. 
 India, Delegates from, 18 ; Addresses from, 
 
 84-7. 
 Indian Institute of Science, Delegate from, 
 
 18 ; Address from, 87- 
 Ireland, Delegates from, 21 ; Addresses 
 
 from, 120-2. 
 Iron and Steel Institute, Delegate from, 19 ; 
 
 Address from, 103. 
 Italy, Delegates from, 14, 15 ; Addresses 
 
 from, 51-3. 
 
 J. 
 Japan, Delegates from, 16 ; Addresses from, 
 
 70-2. 
 Johns Hopkins University, Delegate from, 
 
 16 ; Address from, 75. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kasan University, Telegram from, 124. 
 Khartoum, Delegate from, 16. 
 Kingston, Ontario, Delegate from, 17. 
 Konigsberg, Delegate from, 14. 
 Kyoto, Delegate from, 16 ; Address from 
 Imperial University, 71. 
 
 L. 
 
 Lausanne, Address from University of, 68. 
 
 Leeds University, Delegate from, 18 ; Ad- 
 dress from, 92. 
 
 Leipzig, Delegates from, 14. 
 
 Leland-Stanford University, Delegate from, 
 16. 
 
 Lemberg University, Address from, 34. 
 
 Leyden, Delegate from, 15 ; Address from 
 University, 55. 
 
 Lille, Delegate from, 13. 
 
 Linnean Society, Delegate from, 19 ; Ad- 
 dress from, 103. 
 
 Lisbon, Delegate from, 15. 
 
 Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, 
 Delegate from, 19 ; Address from, 103. 
 
INDEX 
 
 127 
 
 Liverpool University, Delegate from, 19. 
 London, 'Delegates from Institutions in, 
 
 18-20. 
 
 London University, Address from, 89. 
 Lorentz, Professor, Telegram from, 123. 
 Louvain, Delegate from, 13 ; Address from 
 
 University, 36. 
 Lund, Delegates from, 16 ; Address from 
 
 University, 64. 
 
 M. 
 
 McGill University, Montreal, Delegate from, 
 17 ; Address from, 83. 
 
 Madras University, Delegate from, 18 ; Ad- 
 dress from, 86. 
 
 Madrid, Delegate from, 15. 
 
 Manchester, Delegates from, 19, 20 ; Ad- 
 dress from University, 93 ; Address from 
 Literary and Philosophical Society, 114. 
 
 Manitoba University, Delegate from, 18. 
 
 Marburg, Delegate from, 14. 
 
 Mathematical Society, Delegate from, 19 ; 
 Address from, 104. 
 
 Melbourne, Delegates from, 17 ; Address 
 from Royal Society of Victoria, 82. 
 
 Mercers' Company, Delegate from, 19 ; Ad- 
 dress from, 104. 
 
 Mexico, Delegate from, 17. 
 
 Michigan University, Delegate from, 16 ; 
 Address from, 75. 
 
 Milan, Delegate from, 14. 
 
 Mineralogical Society, Delegate from, 19 ; 
 Address from, 105. 
 
 Minnesota University, Delegate from, 16. 
 
 Monaco, Delegate from, 15 ; Address from 
 Oceanographical Institute, 53. 
 
 Moscow, Delegate from, 15 ; Address from 
 University, 60 ; Address from Imperial 
 Society of Naturalists, 62. 
 
 Munich, Delegates from, 14 ; Address from 
 Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, 50. 
 
 Miinster, Delegate from, 14. 
 
 N. 
 
 Nancy, Delegate from, 13 ; Address from 
 University, 46. 
 
 Naples, Delegates from, 15. 
 
 Natal University College, Delegate from, 18. 
 
 National Academy, Washington, Delegates 
 from, 17. 
 
 National Physical Laboratory, Delegate 
 from, 20. 
 
 Netherlands, Delegates from, 15; Addresses 
 from, 54-8. 
 
 New Brunswick University, Delegate from, 18. 
 
 New South Wales, Delegate from, 17 ; Ad- 
 dress from, 81. 
 
 New York, Delegates from, 16, 17 ; Ad- 
 dress from, 73. 
 
 Norway, Delegates from, 15 ; Addresses 
 from, 58. 
 
 Nova Scotia, Delegates from, 18 ; Address 
 from, 84. 
 
 O. 
 
 Odessa University, Address from, 61. 
 
 Ordnance Survey, Delegate from, 20. 
 
 Ottawa, Delegates from, 18. 
 
 Oxford University, Delegates from, 18 ; 
 Honorary Degrees conferred by, on dis- 
 tinguished Delegates, 24-6 ; Address 
 from, to Royal Society, 88. 
 
 P. 
 
 Padua University, Telegram from, 124. 
 
 Palermo, Address from University of, 52. 
 
 Paris, Delegates from, 13 ; Address from 
 University of, 40 ; Address from Academy 
 of Sciences of, 42 ; Address from Observa- 
 tory of, 44 ; Address from French Society 
 of Physics, 45 ; Address from Botanical 
 Society of France, 45. 
 
 Pennsylvania, Delegate from, 16 ; Addresses 
 from, 76-8. 
 
 Pharmaceutical Society, Delegate from, 19 ; 
 Address from, 105. 
 
 Philadelphia, Delegates from, 16 ; Address 
 from University, 76. 
 
 Physical Society, Delegate from, 19 ; Ad- 
 dress from, 106. 
 
 Pisa University, Telegram from, 124. 
 
 Portugal, Delegate from, 15 ; Address from 
 University of, 34. 
 
 Prague, Delegate from, 13 ; Telegram from 
 Bohemian Karl Ferdinand University, 
 123. 
 
 Princeton University, Delegate from, 16 ; 
 Address from, 76. 
 
 Q. 
 
 Queensland University, Telegram from, 124. 
 
 R. 
 
 Rome, Delegates from, 14 ; Address from 
 
 University, 51 ; Address from Academy 
 
 of the Lincei, 53. 
 
 Rontgen, Professor, Telegram from, 123. 
 Rostock, Delegate from, 14. 
 Rotterdam, Delegate from, 15 ; Address 
 
 from Batavian Society of Experimental 
 
 Philosophy, 58. 
 
 Royal Academy of Arts, Delegate from, 19. 
 Royal Agricultural Society, Delegate from, 
 
 19. 
 Royal Anthropological Institute, Delegate 
 
 from, 19 ; Address from, 106. 
 Royal Army Medical College, Delegate 
 
 from, 19. 
 Royal Astronomical Society, Delegate from, 
 
 19 ; Address from, 107. 
 Royal College of Physicians, Delegate from, 
 
 19 ; Address from, 95. 
 Royal College of Surgeons, Delegate from, 
 
 19 ; Address from, 95. 
 Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, Dele- 
 gate from, 20. 
 
128 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Royal Dublin Society, Delegate from, 21 ; 
 
 Address from, 122. 
 Royal Geographical Society, Delegate from, 
 
 20 ; Address from, 108. 
 Royal Horticultural Society, Delegate from, 
 
 20. 
 
 Royal Institute of British Architects, Dele- 
 gate from, 20. 
 
 Royal Institution of Great Britain, Dele- 
 gate from, 20 ; Address from, 109. 
 Royal Irish Academy, Delegate from, 21 ; 
 
 Address from, 121. 
 Royal Meteorological Society, Delegate 
 
 from, 20 ; Address from, 109. 
 Royal Microscopical Society, Delegate from, 
 
 20 ; Address from, 109. 
 Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Delegate 
 
 from, 20. 
 
 Royal Society, Address by President of, 8. 
 Charter of, 1, 2. 
 Diary of Anniversary Cele- 
 bration of, 3. 
 Invitation issued by, 2. 
 List of Delegates to, 13. 
 Record of, 1, 2. 
 Royal Society Club, Dinner to Delegates 
 
 given by, 23. 
 Royal Society of Arts, Delegate from, 20 ; 
 
 Address from, 110. 
 Royal Society of Medicine, Delegate from, 
 
 20 ; Address from, 111. 
 Ro3'al Statistical Society, Delegate from, 20 ; 
 
 Address from, 112. 
 Royal United Service Institution, Delegate 
 
 from, 20. 
 Russia, Delegates from, 15 ; Addresses 
 
 from, 59-62. 
 Russian Central Chamber of Weights and 
 
 Measures, Telegram from, 124. 
 
 S. 
 
 St. Andrews University, Delegate from, 20 ; 
 Address from, 117. 
 
 St. Petersburg, Delegates from, 15 ; Ad- 
 dress from Imperial Academy of Sciences, 
 59. 
 
 San Francisco, Delegate from, 17. 
 
 Scotland, Delegates from, 20 ; Addresses 
 from, 117-20. 
 
 Sheffield University, Delegate from, 19 ; 
 Address from, 94. 
 
 Sicilian Society of Natural Sciences, Letter 
 from President of, 124. 
 
 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, Dele- 
 gate from, 17 ; Address from, 80. 
 
 Sophia University, Telegram from, 123. 
 
 Spain, Delegate from, 15. 
 
 Stockholm, Delegates from, 16 ; Address 
 from University, 64 ; Address from Royal 
 Swedish Academy of Sciences, 65. 
 
 Strasburg, Delegate from, 14. 
 
 Sweden, Delegates from, 16 ; Addresses 
 from, 64-6. 
 
 Switzerland, Delegates from, 16 ; Addresses 
 from, 66-70. 
 
 Sydney University, Delegate from, 17 ; Ad- 
 dress from, 81. 
 
 Syon House, Garden Party at, given by the 
 Duke and Duchess of Northumberland, 
 22. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tasmania, Delegate from, 17 ; Address 
 
 from, 81. 
 
 Timiriazeff, Professor, Telegram from, 123. 
 Tokyo, Delegate from, 16 ; Address from 
 
 Imperial University, 70. 
 Toronto University, Delegate from, 17 ; 
 
 Address from, 83. 
 Toulouse, Delegate from, 13. 
 Turin, Delegate from, 15. 
 
 U. 
 
 United States of America, Delegates from, 
 
 16, 17 ; Addresses from, 72-80. 
 United States, Coast and Geodetic Survey, 
 
 Address from, 80. 
 Upsala, Delegate from, 16 ; Address from 
 
 University, 65. 
 Utrecht, Delegate from, 15 ; Address from 
 
 University, 56. 
 
 V. 
 
 Victoria, Delegates from, 17. 
 Vienna, Address from Imperial Academy 
 of, 31. 
 
 W. 
 
 Wales, University of, Delegate from, 19 ; 
 
 Address from, 94. 
 Warsaw, Delegate from, 15 ; Address from 
 
 University, 61. 
 Washington, Delegates from, 17. 
 
 ,, Address from Carnegie Insti- 
 
 tution, 79. 
 
 ,, Address from National Acad- 
 
 emy of Sciences, 79. 
 Address from Smithsonian 
 
 Institution, 80. 
 ,, Address from Washington 
 
 Academy of Sciences, 80. 
 Westminster Abbey, 3, 5, 22. 
 
 ,, ,, Dean of, Address by, 5. 
 
 Windsor, Garden Party at, 3, 23. 
 Wisconsin University, Delegate from, 17 ; 
 Address from, 77. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yale University, Delegate from, 17. 
 
 Z. 
 
 Zoological Society, Delegate from, 20 ; Ad- 
 dress from, 113. 
 
 Zurich, Delegate from, 16 ; Address from 
 Federal Technical High School, 69. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
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