g, 0. CARUTHERS, THE AMERICAN TRAVELLER; THROUGH THE UNITED STATES. CONTAINING BRIEF NOTICES OF THE SEVERAL STATES, CITIES, PRINCIPAL TOWNS, CANALS AND RAIL ROADS, &c. WITH STatUs of Utstancnj, BY STAGE, CANAL AND STEAM BOAT ROUTES. The whole Alphabetically arranged, with direct Reference to the accompanying Mop of the Roads, Canals, and Railways of the. United States* r SECOND EDITION BY H. S. TANNER. PHILADELPHIA : PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, SHAKSPEARE BUILDINGS. 1836, Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1836, BY H. S. TANNER, In the office of the Clerk of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. PREFACE. BREVITY being an essential quality in a book designed for the pocket of the traveller, I have endeavoured to embody within the compass of a small volume, as many facts, and as much useful information, as a due regard to the leading object of the present work would admit. I have therefore omitted all such details and extraneous matters, as would on- ly serve to augment the size of the volume, without produc ing a corresponding increase of utility. The work will accordingly be found to consist of little else than very con cise statements of such facts in relation to the several states, their population, number of counties, area, forms of govern- ment, cities, towns, roads, canals, distances, &c. as would be most likely to prove useful to, or deserve the notice of the traveller. Under the head of each city, or large town, is given an account, arranged in tabular form, of all the leading routes from each, distinguishing between those by Steam-boats, Stages or Canal-boats, with the distances from place to place, carefully noted. A brief account of the principal objects of curiosity, in or near the larger towns, will also be found under the head of each. With regard to the canals and rail-roads of the United State?, the reader will perceive, that I have entered rather more into details that in the other parts of the work. Regarding the subject as one of importance, I have drawn up from the most authentic sources, accounts of those works which will be found under the heads of the respective states. Those accounts will elucidate the extent, points of commencement and termination, and such other facts, as are considered important in reference to the general system of internal improvements in our country. The accompanying map, it will be perceived, exhibits all the leading towns, roads, canals, &c. with the distances from one place to another, distinctly indicated by figures. The numbers contained in each of the rhombs, formed by the intersecting lines oflatitude and longitude, refer to cor responding numbers in the descriptive volume. By consulting either the book or map, the place sought for in the other can be found with great facility. In addition to the information contained in the body of the map ; there are appended to the same sheet, the following supplementary maps, plans, &,c. 1. Environs of Boston. 2. Of Providence. 3. Of New York. 4. Of Philadelphia. 5. Of Baltimore and Washington, with a plan of the City of Washington. 6. Of Richmond, Va. 7. Of Charleston. 8. Of Quebec. 9. Of Montreal. 10. Of the falls of Nia gara. 11. Of Albany. 12. Of Pottsville, Pa. 13. Pittsburg, 14. Map of the Hudson River. 15. Plan of Cincinnati. 16. Of Louisville, Ohio. 17. Of New Orleans. Four additional plans on a more extended scale, of Boston, New York, Phil- adelphia and Baltimore, respectively, will be found opposite the description of each of those places in the volume. H. S. TANNER. THE AMERICAN TRAVELLER, &c. EXPLANATION. To find tho position of any place on the map, observe the num ber in brackets, thus, (100,) immediately succeeding the name in the volume. Look for the corresponding number on the map, and within the rhomb containing that number, the place sought for will be found. The map itself contains in each of the rhombs, figures which refer to the index; thus reciprocally tending to faci litate their use and application, one to the other. Abbreviations. Me. Maine. N. H. New Hampshire. Vt. Ver mont. Mass. Massachusetts. R. I. Rhode Island. Ct. Connec ticut. N. Y. New York. N. J. New Jersey. Pa. Pennsylvania. D. Delaware. Md. Maryland. Va. Virginia. N. C. North Ca rolina. S.C. South Carolina. G. Gorgia. F.Florida. Al. Al abama. Miss. Mississippi. L. Louisiani. Ark. Arkansis. Ten. Tennessee. K. Kentucky. Mo. Missouri. II. Illinois. In. In- dianna. Mic. Michigan. O.Ohio. Can. Canada. C. H. Court-house. R. River. The population of the several states, &c. is given, according to the census of 1830, unless otherwise expressed. The great leading roruls can be found by referring to the cities and towns through which they pass, thus for example, if the road from Washington to New Orleans, be required, turn to the article " Washington," where will be found the route to Richmond Va. then to that of "Richmond," where the road to Raleigh is given, and so on. ARE ALA Abbot s Town, Pa. (155.) Alabama Paver, (299.) Adcocks, N. C. (236.) Alabama, state of, (247,) is divided into forty-six coun ties, and contained in 1830, a population of 300,527, in cluding 1 1 7,549 slaves. Area 52,000 square miles. Capital, Tuscaloosa. Metropolis, Mobile, Lat. 30 41 . Long. 11 12 W. General election, first Monday in August. Legis lature meet, fourth Monday in October. Constitution formed, 1819. 1* ALABAMA. Government. The Governor is elected for two years ; salary $2,000. Secretary of State, Treasurer and Comp troller of Public Accounts; salary of each $1,000. Legislature. The legislative power is vested in two brandies; a .Senate end House of Representatives, which tog-ether are styled the General Assembly of the State of Atabamli. The representatives aro elected annually, and are appor tioned among the different counties in proportion to the white population ; the whole number cannot exceed 100, nor fall short of 60. The senators are elected for three years, and one-third of them are chosen every year. Their number cannot be more than one-third, nor less than one- fourth the number of the representatives. Judiciary. The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, in circuit courts, and such inferior courts as the General Assembly may, from time to time, direct or estab lish. The Judges, are elected by joint votes of both houses of the General Assembly, every six years. The supreme court consists of seven Judges ; and the state is divided into seven Circuits, in each of which a judge of the Supreme Court presides as a circuit judge. The salary of eacli of these judges is $1,750. Physical Structure. In tl>e northern part of Alabama, mountains of considerable elevation occur between the val ley of the Tennessee and the head waters of the Tornbec- bee, Black Warrior, &c. Here the forests consist chiefly of oak, ash, hickory, elm, poplar, (fee. The central and southern portions of the state, are nearly destitute of moun tains, which wholly disappear in the south. The products of the forests here, are similar to those in the north, but insterspersod with pine, which increases towards the south, forming, with the long leaved-pine, cypress, gum, swamp, oak, holly, &c. the immense forest which still exists there. Rivers. Tennessee, Alabama, Talapoosa, Coosa, Ca- hawba, Tombecbee, Black Warrior, Chattahooche, &c. Productions. Cotton and corn are the chief, rice and sugar. Gold has been found in the northern part of this state. ALBANY. 7 Internal Improvements. Consist of a Rail-road now in progress, from Decatur in Morgan Co. to a point 10 miles below Tuscumbia, on the Tennessee. Length, 62 miles. Huntsville Canal, from Triana, on the Tennessee, to the town of Huntsville, 16 miles in length. A canal has been commenced, extending from the head of the muscle shoals to Florence, length 37 miles. Other improvements are contemplated. Principal Towns. Mobile, Blakely, Montgomery, Tus- caloosa, Tuscumbia, Florence, Huntsville, &,c. Alaqua, FJ. (313.) Alachua Ferry, Fl. (329.) Alatamaha R., G. (304.) Albemarle Sound, N. C. Alatamaha Canal, see Geor- (238.) aia, (304.) Albion, II. f!66.) Albany, N. Y. (83.) Capital of the state of New York, contains a population of about 35,000. The principal buildings are : the Capital in State street. Academy in which the lyceum of the Albany Institute is established. City Hall near the capitol, and about 20 churches, some of which are handsome edifices ; theatre, museum, public library, several banks, &c. The canal pier, and basin, deserve particular attention. ROUTES FROM ALBANY. To New York by Steam Singsing, 10 113 Boat. Phillips burg, 16 129 Miles. New York, 16 145 Coeymans, 13 Coxackie, 7 20 To Buffalo by Erie Canal. Hudson, 8 28 Troy, 7 Catskill, 6 34 Junction, 2 9 (thence to Pine Orch . Schenectady, 19 28 ard 14 miles.) Amsterdam, 18 46 Red Hook Landing, 11 45 Schoharie Cr. 7 53 Kingston, 10 55 Caughnawaga, 4 57 Hyde Park, 10 65 Canajoharie, 12 69 Pokeepsie, 5 70 Little Falls, 19 88 Newburg, 15 85 Herkimer, 7 95 West Point, 8 93 Frankfort, 5 100 Peekskill, 10 103 Utica, 10 110 ROUTES FROM ALBANY. Whitesboro, 4 114 Manchester, 9 105 Rome, 11 125 Vernon, 8 113 New London, 7 132 Lenox, 9 122 Canistota, 14 146 Sullivan, 8 130 New Boston, 4 150 Manlius, 6 136 Chitteningo, 4 154 West Hills, 12 148 Manlius, 8 162 Skaneateles, 14 162 Syracuse, 9 171 Auburn, 7 169 Geddesburg, 2 173 Cayuga, 9 178 Canton, 12 185 Waterloo, 8 186 Jordan, 6 191 Geneva, 6 192 Weedsport, 6 197 Canandaigua, 16 208 Montezuma, (Lake Bloomfield, 9 217 Port) 9 206 Lima, 9 226 Clyde, 11 217 Avon, 7 233 Lyons, 9 226 Caledonia, 8 241 Lockville, 6 232 Leroy, 6 247 Palmyra, 9 241 Batavia, 10 257 Fairport, 11 252 Pembroke, 14 271 Pittsford, 8 260 Ransom s Grove, 8 279 Rochester, 10 270 Williamsville, 8 287 Ogden, 12 282 Buffalo, 10 297 Adams, 3 285 Brock port, 5 290 To Ithaca, by Stage. Holly, 5 295 Hamilton, 8 Albion, 10 305 Duanesburg, 12 20 Lock port, 28 333 Esperance, 6 26 Pendleton, 7 340 Beekmansville, 19 45 Tonnewanta, 12 352 Cherry Valley, 7 52 Buffalo, 11 363 Cooperstown, 12 64 Burlington, 10 74 To Buffalo, ly Stage. Smyrna, 20 94 Schnectady, by R. R 16 Deruyter, 21 115 Amsterdam, 16 32 Truxtun, 10 125 Caugbnawaga, 11 43 Cortlandt, 13 138 Palatine Bridge, 11 54 Ithaca, 21 159 Manheim, 13 67 Little Falls, 7 74 To Socket s Harbour ly Herkimer, 7 81 Stage. Utica, 15 96 Utica, 96 ROUTES FROM ALBANY. Rome, 16 112 Fort Edward, 8 46 Fish Creek, 1 1 123 Sandy Hill, 3 49 Redfield, 20 143 Kingsbury, 5 54 Lorain, 16 150 Fort Ann, 4 58 Adams, 8 167 Whitehall, 14 72 Sacket s Harbor, 10 177 To Montreal, by Stage and To Ballston and Saratoga by Steam Boat. Rail Road. Whitehall, as above, 72 Schenectady, 16 Ballston, 14 30 f Ticonderoga, 23 95 Crown Point, J4 109 Saratoga, 6 36 "3 Basin Harbor, 12 121 (thence to Lake George pq 1 Essex, 9 130 32 miles.) 5 J Burlington, 15 145 | f S. Hero, 9 154 To Whitehall, by Champlain 02 Plattsburg, 8 162 Canal. Chazy 14 176 Troy, 7 Isle au Noix, 15 191 Junction, 2 9 . St. Johns, 9 200 Watcrford, 2 11 La Prairie, by Stage, 17 217 Mechanicsville, 8 19 Montreal, by Steam Stillwater, 4 23 Boat, 8 225 Bemus Heights, 3 26 Schuylersville, 9 35 To Burlington, Vt.,via Fort Miller, 5 40 Bennington, Middlebu- Fort Edward, 8 48 ry, Sfc. by Stage. Kingsbury, 5 53 Sand Lake, 1 1 Fort Ann, 7 60 Berlin, 10 21 Narrows, 6 66 Warm Spring, 8 29 Whitehall, 6 72 Pownall, 4 33 Bennington, 8 41 To Whitehall, by Stage. Shaftsbury, 8 49 Troy, 6 Sunderland, 8 57 Lansingburg, 3 9 Waterfbrd, 1 10 Manchester, 8 65 Tin mouth, 18 83 Mechanicsville, 8 18 Rutland, 17 100 Stillwater, 2 20 Pittsford, 8 108 Schuylersville, 13 33 Brandon, 9 117 Northumberland, 2 35 Middlebury, 16 133 Fort Miller, 3 38 Vergennes, 14 147 10 ALB ARE Charlotte, 9 15G Northampton, Burlington, 13 169 Hadley, Belchertown, To Boston, by Stage. Western, Union, ] 1 Brookfield, Lebanon Spring, 14 25 Spencer, Pittsfield, 7 32 Worcester, Dalton, 5 37 Farmtngton, Peru, 9 46 Brookline, Worthington, 9 55 Boston, Chesterfield, 5 60 14 74 4 78 10 88 14 102 5 107 8 115 9 124 21 145 17 162 4 169 Alboro Bay, U. C. (75.) Aldie, Va.076.) Allegheny R. Pa. (103.) Allegheny Portage Rail R. see Pennsylvania, (130.) Allentown Pa. (133.) Alligator Pt. Fl. (328.) Alexandria, N. Y. (34.) Alexandria, Me. (42.) Alexandria, II. (93.) Alexandria, Pa. (128.) Alexandria, Mo. (142.) Alexandria Canal, see lumbia, (176.) Co. Alexandria, D. C. (176.) A neat and pleasant city and port of entry, on the right bank of the Potomac, occupies the southern angle of the District of Columbia. Popula tion about 9,000. The public buildings are, a Court house, six churches, two banks, &c. (For routes from Alexandria, see Washington, D. C,) Alexandria, L. (294.) Alfred, Me. (63.) Alton, II. (163.) Alston, S. C. (274.) Amboy, N. J. (134.) America, II. (185.) Amesville, O. (151.) Amhurst, U. C. (74.) Amhurst, N. H, (85.) Amhurst C. H. Va. (195.) Amsterdam, N. Y. (82.) Amelia I., F. (318.) Amoskeag Canal,, See New Hampshire, (62.) Alachua, F. (315.) Anastatia I. F. (330.) Annapolis, Md. (Capital of the State), (177.) Andover, Mass. (85.) Ann Arbour, Mich. (73.) Antwerp, N.Y. (34.) Andersonville, S. C. (252.) Angelica, N. Y. (78.) Anson^Me. (40.) Appalachie Bay, F. (327.) Applington, G. (271.) Arringtons, N. C. (216.) ARKANSAS. 11 Arkansas territory, (220,) is divided into 30 counties. Population in 1830, 30,388, including 4,575 slaves. Area, 60,700 square miles. Capital, Little Rock. Metropolis, Arkansas. Lat. 34 N. Long. 14 21 W. The officers of the government are appointed by the President and Senate of the United States. Government. The Governor is appointed by the Presi dent, by and with the consent of the Senate, salary, $2,000 per annum ; Secretary, do. salary, $1,000 per annum. There is a legislative Council consisting of five mem bers; and a House of Representatives comprising twenty- three members, who are elected biennially, on the first Monday in August ; and they meet in the following Octo ber. Judiciary. There are four Judges, appointed by the President, with the consent of the Senate. They hold Circuit Courts throughout the territory. The salary of each is $1,500. There is an Attorney and a Marshal for the United States. Physical Structure. In the eastern part of the Territory, it is level, portions of it often inundated ; in the centre, hills begin to show themselves, and further west the country becomes mountainous, though level and elevated plains of considerable extent occur between the ridges. Rivers. Arkansas, St. Francis, White, Washita, Red, &c. Productions. Cotton, Corn, Wheat; the Peach, Grape, Plum, and some other fruits flourish in great abundance. Towns. Little Rock, Arkansas, Point Chicot, St. Fran cis, Jackson, Batesville, Litchfield, Lewisburg, Helena, Jefferson, Scotia, &c. Arkansas River, Ark. (242.) Asheville, Ala. (267.) Arkansas, Ark. (243.) Atchafalaya R., Lou. (322.) Arlington, Vt. (60.) Atchafalaya Bay, Lou. (322.) Armagh, P. (129.) Athens, P. (106.) Ash, Va. (176.) Athens, O. (150.) Assatcaguc I., Md. (178.) Athens, II. (164.) Asheville, N. C. (232.) Athens, T. (230.) Ashboro, N. C. (235.) Athens, Ala. (247.) 15 ATM fcALLSTON. Athens, G. (270.) Aurora, II. (145.) Atkins, Va, (21 3.) Aurora, O. (101.) Atlas, II. (142.) Austenville, Va. (214.) Auburn, N. Y. (80.) Autauga, Ala. (284.) Augusta, K. (170.) Averysboro, N. C. (236.) Augusta, Miss. (297.) Avon, Me. (39.) Augusta, G. (272.) Avon, N. Y. (79.) Aurora, N. Y. (80.) B. Back Bay, Va. (219.) Balcony Falls Canal, see Bainbridge, O. (149.) Virginia, (195.) Bairibridge, G. (303.) Balize, Lou. (325.) Ballston Spa, N. Y. (83.) The Springs at Ballston have long been celebrated for their medicinal virtues, and are resorted to by many invalids and others. The waters re semble those of Saratoga, though not so strongly impreg nated with the mineral ingredients. There are several good Hotels and private Boarding Houses, Reading Rooms, &c. in the village, which is justly regarded as one of the most pleasant and salubrious places of resort, in the country. ROUTES FROM BALLSTON. Saratoga Springs, 6 Saratoga Lake, 6 Schenectady, by Rail R. 14 Albany, " 30 Waterford, by Stage, Glenn s Falls Lake George, 22 25 38 Ballsville, Va. (196.) Baltimore, Md. (156.) Is the chief city in Maryland, and the third in point of population in the United States. It occupies a favourable position and appears to much ad vantage on approaching it from the west. The country immediately in the rear swells into hills, sufficiently eleva ted to afford an extensive view of the city and its environs, and to render -the entire landscape particularly attractive. Population in 1830, 80,625. The objects most worthy of attention, are Washington Monument, at the intersection of Charles and Monument Streets ; it is surmounted by a colo- BALTIMORE. 13 sal statue of Washington, elevated 163 feet. Battle Monu ment in Calvert street. Exchange in Gay street. City Spring- in Calvert street. Penitentiary on Madison street. Hospital in the N. VV. suburbs. Cathedral ; Custom House; two Colleges; University buildings; Alms House; Court House; two Theatres; Museum; Water Works, &c. &c. ROUTES FROM BALTIMORE. To Philadelphia by S. Boat To Washington by Stage. and Rail Road. Elkridge Landing, 8 Fort M Henry, 3 Waterloo, 5 13 Sparrows Ft. 6 9 Vansville, 10 23 North Ft. 3 12 Bladensburg, 8 31 Fool s Island, 13 25 Washington, 6 37 Turkey Pt. 23 48 Frenchtown, 16 64 To Washington by Steam N. Castle, by R. R. 16 80 Boat. Chester, by S. Boat, 17 97 Bodkin Pt. 13 Philadelphia, 18 115 Herring Bay, 32 45 Patuxent, 32 77 To Philadelphia by Steam Pt. Lookout, 20 97 Boat and Canal. Washington s B. P. 31 128 Turkey Pt. as above, 48 Matthews Pt 18 146 f Bohemia, 10 58 Cook s Ferry, 23 169 ~ Deep Cut, 5 63 Mt. Vernon, 18 187 c J St. Georges, 4 67 Alexandria, 9 196 O Delaware City, 5 72 Washington, 8 204 [NewCastle, 6 78 Philadelphia, 35 113 To Wheeling, Va. by Rail . Road and Stage. To Philadelphia by Stage. Deep Cut, 2 Gunpowder V. 14 Washington road, 3 5 Abingdon, 1C 24 1 Still house run, 1 6 Havre De Grace, 10 34 pS . Patapsco river, 4 10 Elkton, 16 50 - 1 Ellicotts, 2 12 Wilmington, 2C 70 fg Eagle Factory, 2 14 Chester, 13 83 Crossing of Pa- Philadelphia, 15 98 I tapsco, 15 26 14 BAL BAR rSykes, 3 29 To Frederick by Stage. ^ 1 Gillets run, 6 35 Ellicotts, 10 jS | Parrsville, 5 40 Lisbon, 12 22 ~ 1 New Market, 6 46 Poplar Spring, 5 27 ,5 1 Monocacy river, 9 55 Parrsville, 4 31 t Frederick, 4 59 New Market, 5 36 (Thence to the Pt. of Frederick, 11 47 Rocks, 11 miles.) . Middletown, 9 68 To Annapolis, by Stage. Boonsboro, 7 75 Patapsco R. 7 (Thence to Hagcrs- Indian Landing, 14 21 tovvn 11 miles.) Annapolis, 9 30 Williamsport, 12 87 Big Spring, 10 97 To Gettysburg, Pa. by Stage. Hancock, 17 114 Hook ton, 6 Prattsville, 18 132 Reistcrton, 11 17 f Cumberland, 21 153 Westminster, 12 29 Mt. Pleasant, 10 163 Petersburg, 15 44 T3 Petersburg, 25 188 Gettysburg, 10 54 J Smythfield,j 4 192 5 J Union, 21 213 To York, Pa. by Stage. a } Brownsville, 12 225 Govanston, 5 js Hillsboro, 11 236 Towsenton, 2 7 ;g Washington, 12 248 Golden Ho. 7 14 W. Alexandria, 15 263 Hereford, 7 21 L Wheeling, 16 279 Wisebury, 2 23 Strasburg, 11 34 York, 14 48 Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road. See Maryland, (156.) Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail Road. See Mary land, (156.) Baltimore and Port Deposit Rail Road. See Mary- land, (156.) Baltimore and Washington R. Road. See Md. (156.) Bangor, Me. (41.) Banister, Va. (216.) Barataria Bay, Lou. (323.) Barataria Lake, Lou. (323.) Barbourville, K. (211.) Bardstown, K. (189.) Bargaintown, N. J. (158.) Barnegat Inlet, N. J. (158.) Barnesvillc, O. (151.) Barnstable, Mass. (112.) Barnwell,S.C. (272.) BAR BER 15 Batavia, N. Y. (55.) Bartonville, Mo. (163.) Batcsvillc, Ark. (233.) Bath, N. Y. (79.) Bath Rail Road. See New York, (79.) Bath, Va. (154.) Bath, N. C. (238.) Baton Rouge, Lou. (308.) Bays T., N. C. (231.) Beaufort, N. C. (258.) Beans Station/! 1 . (2 11.) Beaver, P. (128.) Beaufort, S. C. (290.) Beardstown, II. (118.) Beck s Settlement, II. (144.) Bedford, N. Y. (109.) Bedford, P. (130.) Bellair, Md. (156.) Belle Fontaine, O. (125.) Belleville, II. (164.) Bellville K. (187.) Bellcfonte, P. (131.) Belfast, Me. (40.) Belfont, Ala. (248.) Belgrade, II. (186.) Bcclersville, F. (312.) Bellows Falls Canal. See Vermont, (61.) Belmont, P. (107.) Belpre, O. (151.) Belvedere, N. J. (133.) Bennetvillc, S. C. (255.) Bennington, Vt. (83.) Benton, Vt. (60.) Benton, Mo. (185.) Benton, Miss. (280.) Berkshire, Vt. (37.) Berlin, P. (154.) Berges, N. C. (236.) Berwick, P. (106.) Berkshire, O. (126.) Bertrand, Lou. (277.) Bethany, P. (107.) Bethania, N. C. (214.) Bethlehem, P. (133.) Beverly, Va. (173.) Big Hatchee, R. T. (225.) Bird, N. C. (273.) Big Spring, K. (188.) B. la Fourche, Lou. (323.) Binghamton, N. Y. (81.) Blacksburg, Mich. (70.) Blacksburg, Va. (194.) Black s R. Ark. (204.) Black s Bluff, Ala. (299.) Blackwater, Va. (218.) Blakely, G. (301.) Blakely, Ala. (311.) Blandfbrd, Mass. (84.) Block I., R. I. (111.) Bloomfield, N. Y. (79.) Bloomfield, K. (189.) Bloomfield, Ind. (146.) Blootnington, Ind. (146.) Blountville, T. (212.) Blountsville, Ala. (248.) Boardman, O. (102.) Boat Yard, or Kingsport, T. (212.) Bogue Inlet, N. C. (257.) Bolivar, Miss. (265.) Bolivar, T. (226.) Bolton, Mass. (85.) Boonville, N. Y. (58.) Boonville, Mo. (161.) Boonsville, Ind. (166.) Bordentown, N. J. (134.) Boston, Me. (19.) 16 BOSTON. Bellows Falls Canal See Virginia, (176.) Vermont, (610 Blackstone Canal. See Mas- Belleplain Rail Road, See sachuselts, (85.) Boston, Mass. (85.) Is the chief city of Massachusetts, and the fourth in magnitude in the United States. It is sit uated on a peninsula, which extends in a north-east direc tion from the main land, with which it is connected by seve ral bridges, in addition to" the neck" so called. Its outline is about five miles in extent. There are several thriving villages in the neighbourhood of Boston, which may be considered as parts of the city, though under different municipal regulations. The principal of these villages, are Charleston, Lechmere point, the Neck, and South Boston. \ The objects of interest, in and about Boston, are Tremont house, in Common st., an immense hotel containing 202 apartments.^ State house, opposite the common, (western part of the city). Old State house, Court street. Faneuel hall, in Chatham St. Theatre, Federal street. Tremont Theatre. Atheneum. Statue of Washington in the state-house. Navy Yard, and Breed s hill, rendered memorable by the battle between the British and American forces, on the 17th of June, 1775, commonly called the battle of Bunker s Hill. Besides the buildings devoted to public uses, there is in Boston, an unusual proportion of splendid private dwellings, churches, and scientific and literary institutions, forming altogether, one of the most attractive places in the Union. ROUTES FROM BOSTON. To Albany by Stage. Chesterfield, 14 106 Brookline, 4 Peru, 14 120 Farmingham, 17 21 Dalton, 9 129 Westboro, 10 31 Pittsfield, 5 134 Worcester, 11 42 Lebanon Springs, 7 141 Spencer, 9 51 Albany, 25 166 Brookfield, 8 59 Belchertown, 19 78 To Hartford, by Stage. Hadley, 10 88 Brookline, 4 Northampton, 4 92 Dover, U 15 ROUTES FROM BOSTON. 17 Medway, 12 27 Taunton, 12 34 Mendon, 9 36 Douglass, 12 46 To BarnstaUc, by Stage. Thompson, 14 62 Quincy, 9 Ashfbrd, 20 82 Weyrnouth, 6 15 Willington, 2 84 Hanover, 9 24 Tolland, 7 91 Kingston, 11 35 Ellington, 5 96 Hartford 14 110 Plymouth, 6 41 Sandwich, 18 59 Barnstable, 13 62 To Providence by Stage, and thence to New York by To Rutland, Vt. by Stage. Steam Boat, Cambridge, 4 Roxbury, 5 Concord, 14 18 Dcdham, 5 10 Groton, 14 32 Wrentham, 18 28 Townsend, 9 41 Attleboro, 7 35 New Ipswich, 12 53 Pawtuckct, 7 42 Keene, 27 8J Providence, 3 45 Bellows Falls, 20 100 Pawtuxct, 5 50 Chester, 13 113 Newport, 20 70 Cavendish, 12 125 Point Judith, 14 84 Rutland, 26 151 New London Harb. 35119 (Thence to New London, To Concord, N. H. and 4 miles.) thence to Monpelier, Vt. Connecticut R. 14 133 by Stage. Falkner s Is. 19 152 Medford, 6 New Haven Harb. 12 164 Stoneham, 4 10 (Thence to N. Haven, Andovcr, 11 21 4 miles.) Methuen, 4 25 Blackrock, 19 183 Londonderry, 16 41 South port, 5 188 Hookset Falls, 19 60 Oldwell, 8 196 Concord, 8 68 West Greenwich, 16 212 Boscawen, 10 78 Frogs Pt. 19 231 Andover, Vt. 14 92 New York, 16 247 Grantham, 22 114 Dartmouth Col. 11 125 To Taunton, by Stage. Stratford, 16 141 Dorchester, 7 Chelsea, 9 150 Bridgewater, 15 22 Barre, 15 165 18 BOS BUI Montpelier, 9 174 To Portland, by Steam-boat. Point Shirley, 4 To Portland, Me . by Stage. Nahant, 6 10 Saugus, 10 Marblehead, 6 16 Danvers 7 17 Salem Harbor, 3 19 Topsfield, 6 23 (Thence to Salem, Rowley, 8 31 5 miles.) Newburyport, 5 36 Gloucester Harb. 8 27 Hampton, 9 45 Thence to Gloucester, Portsmouth, 13 58 4 miles.) York, 9 67 Cape Ann, 10 37 Wells, 15 82 Newbury Harb. 16 53 Kennebunk Pt. 6 88 Boars Head, 7 60 Saco, 10 98 Portsmouth Harb. 12 72 Portland, 16 114 York Harb. 5 77 Kennebunk H. 12 89 To Newburybort, via Salem, Fletcher s Neck, 12 101 by Stage . Cape Elizabeth, 13 114 Chelsea, 5 Portland, 10 124 Lynn, 5 10 Salem, 5 15 Miscellaneous routes by Beverly, 2 17 Steam Boats. Wen ham, 4 21 Fort Warren, Hamilton, 2 23 Fort Independence, Ipswich, 5 28 Long Island, 6 Newburyport, 10 38 Pt. Alderton, 1 The Brewsters, 10 Boston and Lowell Rail Road. See Massachusetts, (85.) Boston and Providence Rail Road. See Massachusetts, (85.) Boston and Worcester Rail Road. See Massachusetts, (85.) Boston, O.( 101) Boston, N. Y. (78.) Bowling-green, Va. (176) Bowling-green, Mo. (141.) Bowling green, K. (188.) Bowdoinham, Me. (40.) Bowerbank, Me. (19) Bow Canal. See New Hamp shire, (62.) Boydtown, Va. (216.) Brandon, Vt. (60.) Brandon, Miss. (280.) Brattleboro, Vt. (84.) Brasstown, N. C. (230.) Brashears, Miss. (280.) Bridge Town, Md. (157.) Bridgetown, N. J. (157.) BRI BUFFALO. 19 Bridgetown, Me. (6.3.) Bridge Town, D. (178.) Bridgetown, Va. (198.) Bridgevvater, Ala. (247.) Bristol, R.I. (111.) Brockport, U. C. (34.) Brock port, N. Y. (55.) Brookfield, Mass. (84.) Brooklyn, C. (111.) Brooklyn, N. Y. (135.) Brookville, Ind. (148.) Brookville,Md. (156.) Brownington, Vt. (37.) Brownstown, Mich. (73.) Buffalo, N. Y. (78.) A flourishing city, situated on Lake Erie, and at the western termination of the Erie Canal. Population about 16,000. The public buildings are a court-house, several churches, banks, museum, hotels, &c. Stages, stsam-boats arid sailing vessels, arrive at and depart from Buffalo almost every hourv ROUTES FROM BUFFALO. Brownsburg, T. (225.) Brownsville, P. (120.) Brownstown, Ind. (168.) Brownsville, II. (185.) Browns, G. (250.) Bruinsburg, Miss. (295.) Brunswick, Me. (63.) Brunswick, N. J. (134.) Brunswick, N.C. (256.) Bryan C. H., G. (281.) Buchannan, Va. (152.) Buckstown, Me. (41.) Buffalo, Va. (172.) To Albany by the Erie New Boston, 12 213 Canal. Canistota, 4 217 Tonnewanta, 11 Rome, 21 238 Pendlcton, 12 23 Whitesboro, 11 249 Lock port, 7 30 Utica, 4 253 Albion, 28 58 Herkimer, 15 268 Holly, 10 68 Little Falls, 7 275 Brockport, 5 73 Canajoharie, 19 294 Ogden, 8 81 Caughnewaga, 12 306 Rochester, 12 93 Amsterdam, 11 319 Fair port, 18 111 Schenectady, 18 335 Palmyra, 11 122 Troy, 21 356 Lyons, 15 137 Albany, 7 363 Montczuma, 20 157 Jordan, 15 172 To Albany, by Stage. Syracuse, 20 192 Williamsville, 10 Manlius, 9 201 Ransoms, 8 18 20 ROUTES FROM BUFFALO. Pembroke 8 26 To Erie, Pa. by Stage. Batavia, 14 40 Hamburg, 11 Leroy, 10 50 Cattcraugus, 19 30 Avon, 14 64 Dunkirk, 15 45 Lima, 7 71 Westfield, 15 60 Bloom field, 9 80 Burget s town, 16 76 Canandaigua, 9 89 Erie, 14 90 Geneva, 16 105 Cayuga, 14 119 To Erie, and thence to De Auburn, 9 128 troit by Steam Boat. Skaneateles, 7 135 Oattaraugus, 28 Westhills, 14 149 Dunkirk, 13 41 Manilas, 12 161 Westfield, 15 56 Lenox, 14 175 Erie, 30 86 Vernon, 9 184 Fairport, 74 16Q Utica, 17 201 Cleveland, 30 190 Herkimer, 15 216 Sandusky, 60 250 Little Falls, 7 223 Detroit, 75 325 Palatine Bridge, 20 243 Amsterdam, 22 265 To Hamilton, by Stage. Schenectada, 16 281 Hamburg, 11 Albany by Rail R. 16 297 Boston, 12 23 Springville, 10 33 To Niagara Falls, by Stage. Ellicottville, 16 49 Blackrock, 1 Hamilton, 20 69 Chippewa, 16 17 Niagara Falls, 2 19 To Ithaca, by Stage. Aurora, 15 To Niagara Falls, by Stage, Warsaw, 26 41 via Manchester. Perry, 8 49 Blackroek, 1 Moscow, 7 56 Tonnewanta, 8 9 Geneseo, 4 60 Schlosser, 10 19 Dansville, 18 78 The Falls, 2 21 Conhocton, 8 86 . Bath, 20 106 To Rochester, by Stage. Jersey, 10 116 Batavia, as above, 40 Salubria, 15 131 Bergen, 13 53 Ithaca, 20 151 Rochester, 17 70 BUL CAP 21 To Ithaca, via Batavia Cayuga Lake. Cayuga, as above, 119 Union, by Steam B. 6 125 Bull s Bay, S. C. (291.) Bulltown, Va. (173.) Burksville, K. (209.) Burgettstown, P. (77.) Burling-ton, Vt. (36.) Burlington, N. Y. (81.) Burlington, N. J. (134.) Burlington, K. (148.) and | Aurora, by Steam B. 7 Milton, do. 7 132 139 Ludlowsville, do. Ithaca, do. 10 149 8 157 Burlington, Tnd. (146.) Burlington, O. (171.) Burnthorn, Ala. (299.) Bushville, P. (108.) Butler, P. (120.) Buzzard s Bay, Mass. (112.) Byron, G. (302.) Byron, Mich. T. (73.) Cabin Pt. Va. (197.) Cadiz, K. (207.) Cadiz, O. (127.) Cahawba R. Ala. (267.) Cahawba, Ala. (283.) Calcasiu R. Lou. (306.) Calcasiu Lake, Lou. (320.) Caldwell, N. Y. (60.) Caledonia, Mo. (184.) Calhoun T. (230 ) Cambridge, O. (127.) Cambridge, Md. (177.) Cambridge, S. C. (253.) Camden, Me. (40.) Camden, N. J. (157.) Camden and Amboy Rail Road. See New Jersey, (134.) Camden, S. C. (254.) Campbcllsvillc, K. (189.) Campbells T. (230.) Campbells, N. C. (255.) Campbellton, G, (269.) Canandaigua, N. Y. (79.) Canaseraga, N. Y. (58.) C. Canajoharie, N. Y. (82.) Canadea, N. Y. (78.) Canfield, O. (102.) Canton, N. Y. (34.) Canton, Ind. (145.) Canton, O. (127.) Canton, Ala. (283.) Canisteo, N. Y. (79.) Cantwell, D. (157.) Cantrell s Ch. Lou. (323.) Cape Ann, Mass. (86.) C. Elizabeth, Me. (63.) Cape Cod, Mass. (86.) Cape Cod Bay, Mass. (112.) Cape Henlopen, D.( 178.) Cape May, N. J. (179.) Cape Malabar, Mass. (112.) Cape Girardeau, Mo. (185.) Cape Hatteras, N.C. (239.) Cape Charles, Va. (199.) Cape Henry, Va. (199.) Cape Lookout, N. C. (258.) Cape Fear, N. C. (275.) Cape Fear R., N. C. (235.) Cape St. Bias, F. (326.) 22 CAP CHARLESTON. Cape St. Joseph, F. (326.) Cape St. George, F. (327,) Cape Vincent, N. Y. (33.) Carrolton, II. (143.) * Carrolton, G. (268.) Carlisle, Penn. (131.) Carlisle, Ind. (166.) Carlisle, K. (170.) Carlyle, II. (164.) Carrni, II. (165.) Carman, N. Y. (136.) Carnesville, G. (251.) Carney, G. (305.) Cartersville, Va. (196.) Carthage, N. C. (235.) Carthage, N. Y. (58.) Carthage, T. (209.) -< Casco Bay, Me. (63.) Castine, Me. (41.) Catskill, N. Y. (83.) Catskill and Canajoharie R. Road. SeeN.Y.(82.) Cattaraugus, N. Y. (77.) Catletsburg, K. (171.) Catawba R., N. C. (233.) Catavvba Canals. See S. Carolina, (254.) Catharinestown, N. Y. (80.) Cavendish, Vt. (61.) Cayuga, N. Y. (80.) Cayuga, Lake, N. Y. (80.) Cedar Bay, N. J. (158.) Cedar Inlet, N. C. (258.) Central Rail Road. See Pennsylvania, (132.) Centreville, O. (150.) Ccntreville, Md. (157.) Centreville, V a . (176.) Centreville, K. (187.) Centreville, Ala. (283.) Centreville, Pa. (103.) Centre, N. Y. (81.) Centre, P. (103.) Ceres, P. (104.) Chataugay, N. Y. (35.) Champlain, N. Y. (36.) Champlain Canal. See New York, (60.) Chambersburg, P. (155.) Chandclleur Isles, L. (325.) Chaplin T., K. (209.) Charleston, N.H. (61.) Charleston, Va. (155.) Charleston, Ind. (168.) Charleston, Va. (172.) Charleston, S. C. (291,) the metropolis of the state of South Carolina, and the sixth city of the Union in point of population. It contained in 1830, 30,289 inhabitants, in- eluding 15,534 slaves. It is situated at the point of junc tion of Cooper and Ashley rivers, which here unite and form the outer harbour. The public buildings are : Alms- house in Mazyck street ; the Orphan s Asylum ; Exchange ; Circular Church ; Court-house and City Hall in Broad street; Medical College in Short street; Academy of Arts and Circus in Queen street ; South Carolina Society s Hall ; Hospital in Back street : and about twenty churches, some of which are very splendid. CHARLESTON. ROUTES FROM CHARLESTON. 23 To Hamlmnr, Bloody Point, 18 94 by S. C. Rail Road. Savannah. 17 111 To Bcesville, 15 . Sumnicrsville, 6 21 To Wilmington, N. C. via. Branchville, 4 1 62 Georgetown. Midway, 10 72 Jones , 33 Blacksville, 15 87 N. Santee R. 12 45 Aikcn, 32 119 Georgetown, 14 59 Hamburg, 17 136 Gr. Pedee R. 26 85 Conwayboro, 15 100 To Columbia, by Stage. Lit. River Inlet, 27 127 Dorchester, 20 Brunswick C. H. 24 151 Four Holes Swamp, 17 37 Brunswick, 17 168 Kcrrs, 14 51 Oldtown, 8 176 Orangeburg, 25 76 Wilmington, 8 184 Conhcim, 25 101 Columbia, 13 114 To Fayettville, N. C. by Stage. To Savannah, Ga. by Starre. Quinby Br. 25 Gucrin s Ferry, 11 Santee R. 19 44 Parker s, 17 28 Black Cr. 15 59 Pocataligo, 32 60 Port s F. 34 93 Coosawhatchie, 6 66 L. Pedee R. 30 123 Hoggstown, 17 83 Lumberton, 34 157 Savannah, 23 106 Fayetteville, 32 189 To Savannah by Steam To Cheraw, by Stage. Boat. Bedheimer s 24 Fort Moultrie, 4 Monk s Corner, 9 33 Coffin Land, 6 10 Gourdine s F. 25 58 Stono Inlet, 11 21 Kingstree, 14 72 So. Edisto Inlet, 27 48 Lynch s Cr. 28 100 St. Helena So. 3 51 Darlington, 19 119 Truncard s Inlet, 21 72 Society Hill, 14 133 Hilton Head, 4 76 Cheraw, 13 146 Chardon, O. (101.) Charlottsville, Va. (175.) Charlotte, N. C. (234.) Charlotte, T. (207.) CHA C1N Chataugay, L. C. (15.) Chattahochie, G. (269.) Chattahochie River, Ala. (301.) Chattahochie R., G. (250.) Chatham, Mass. (112.) Chaumont, N. Y. (33.) Chagrine, O. (101.) Chehaw, G. (286.) Chelmsfbrd, Mass. (85.) Chelsea, Vt. (61.) Checks, T. (211.) Chemung Canal. See New York, (80.) Chenango Canal. See New York, (80.) Cheraw, S. C. (255.) Cherokee, G. (249.) Cherry Valley, N. Y. (82.) Chester, N. Y. (60.) Chester, Vt. (61.) Chester, N. H. (85.) Chester, Pa. (157.) Chester T. Md. (156.) Chesterville, Me. (39.) Chesterville, S. C. (253.) Chesterfield, S. C. (254.) Chesapeake Bay, Md. (177.) Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. See Md. (157.) Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. See Md. (157.) Chicago, 11. (95.) Chiekasaws, Miss. (245.) Chichis, Texas, (293.) Chicot, Ark. T. (262.) Chillicothe, O. (149.) Chipola, F. (314.) Chippewav, U. C. (54.) Chiswell, Va. (198.) Chittenango Canal. See New York, (80.) Cholsonville, Va. (217.) Chowan Navigation. See Virginia, (21 8.) Christianburg, Va. (194.) Christianville, Va. (216.) Church, N. C. (257.) Cincinnati, O. (148,) the great emporium of the state of Ohio, was founded in 1789. Its population at present (1836,) is about 38,000, and is rapidly increasing. The public buildings consist of a Court House in Tenth street ; "four Market-houses jN&azaar in Third street ; Theatre in Second street; Banks; College in Walnut street; Athe- neurn in Sycamore street; Medical College in Sixth street; Mechanics Institute in Walnut street ; two Museums, one in Main, and the other in Fourth street ; Hospital in Plum street, Lunatic Asylum; High-school, and about twenty-seven churches, some of which are very elegant. ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI. To Louisville, by Steam-boat. I Aurora, 4 28 Lawrenceburg, 24 | Rising Sun, 7 35 ROUTES FROM CINCINNATI. 25 Fredericksburg, 20 55 To Dayton, by Canal. Vevay, 10 65 Reading, 12 Fort William, 10 75 Hamilton, 16 28 Madison, 13 88 Middletown, 14 42 Westport, 21 109 Franklin, 6 48 Jeffersonville, 22 131 Miamisburg, 6 54 Louisville, 1 132 Dayton, 14 68 Thence to N. Orleans, 1448 -i - Miles. See Louisville. To Columbus, by Stage. Reading, 10 To Pittsburg, by S. Boats. Sharon, 5 15 New Richmond, 21 Lebanon, 16 31 Ft. Pleasant, 5 26 Waynesville, 9 40 Moscow, Xenia, 15 55 Mcchanicsville, 3 35 Charleston, 18 73 Augusta, 6 41 London, 11 84 Ripley, 9 50 Gcorgesville, 12 96 Maysville, 7 57 Columbus, 13 109 Manchester, 10 67 Portsmouth, 36 103 To Greenville, by Stage. Burlington, 41 144 ML Pleasant, 11 Guyandot, 7 151 Hamilton, 12 23 Gallipolis, 34 185 Newcomb, 18 41 Ft. Pleasant, 3 188 Eaton, 8 49 Letart sls. 29 217 Greenville, 28 77 Bclville, 30 247 _____ Parkeisburg, 17 264 Marietta, 13 277 To Indianapolis, by Stage. Miami, 15 Newport, 16 293 Harrison, 8 23 Sistersville, 17 310 Brookville, 17 40 Elizabethtown, 35 345 Somerset, 11 51 Wheeling, 13 358 Rushville, 14 65 Warrentown, 8 366 Indianapolis, 40 105 Wellsburg, 6 372 Steubenville, 7 379 To Louisville, by Stage. Fawcetstown, 22 401 Lawrenceville, 23 Beaver, 19 420 Madison, 34 57 Economy, 9 429 Louisville. 38 95 Middletown, 9 438 Pittsburg, 11 449 CIN CLEVELAND. To Lexington, by Stage. Newport, 1 Gaines, 12 13 Theobolds, 12 25 Georgetown, 29 54 Lexington, 13 G7 To Chillicothe, by Stage. Newton, 8 Batavia, 15 23 Williamsburg, 8 31 Hillsboro, 28 59 Bainbridge, 22 81 Chillicothe, 18 99 Cinthiana, K. (169.) Circleville, O. (150.) Claiborne, Ala. (2!)9.) Clarksburg, Va. (152.) Clarksburg, Md.( 155.) Clarksburg, K. (170.) Clarksville, T. (207.) Cleveland, O. (101.) is a place of considerable trade, being situated at the northern termination of the Ohio and Erie canal. ROUTES FROM CLEVELAND. Clarksville, G. (251.) Clarksville, Ala. (298.) Clarktown, N. Y. (109.) Claytonville, G. (251.) Clearfield, P. (104.) Clerrnont, N. Y. (83.) To Buffalo by Steam Boat. To Portsmouth, by Canal. Fairport, 30 Akron, 38 Erie, 74 104 New Portage, 9 47 Westfield, 30 134 Massillon, 21 68 Dunkirk, 15 149 Bolivar, 12 80 Cattaraugus, 13 162 New Philadelphia, 14 94 Buffalo, 28 190 Gnadenhutten, 13 107 Coshocton, 26 133 To Detroit , by Steam Boat. Newark, 40 173 Huron, 50 Bloomfield, 52 225 Sandusky, 10 60 Circleville, 11 236 Detroit, 75 135 Chillicothe, 20 256 Piketon, 24 280 Portsmouth, 27 307 Clinton, N. Y. (58.) Clinton, T. (210.) Clinton, K. (206.) Clinton, Lou. (308.) Clinton, G. (270.) Clover Ball, Va. (174.) Clubfoot Canal, See N. C. (258.) Coal M., P. (104.) COD COLUMBIA. 27 Codorus Navigation, sec Pa. Colcrainc, N. C. (218.) (132.) Coleraine,G. (317.) Colchester, C. (110.) Coles, Va. (215.) Coldearnp, N. C. (256.) Coles, N. C. (218.) Cochecton, N. Y. (107.) Colington, F. (327.) Coleman, Lou. (307.) Coolidge, Ala. (298.) Coleraine, P. (148.) Columbia, District of, (176.) Is divided into two coun ties. Population in 1830, 39,858. Area, 100 square miles. Capital, City of Washington, Lat. 38 53 , N. The other towns, are Georgetown and Alexandria. Rivers. Potomac, and its eastern branch. Internal Im provements. Alexandria canal, extends from the point of termination of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal at George town to Alexandria, 7 miles. Chesapeake and Ohio canal. See Maryland. Baltimore and Washington Rait roads. See Maryland. Columbia, N. H. (38.) Columbia, Me. (42.) Columbia, P. (132.) Columbia, Mo. (161.) Columbia, Ind. (166.) Columbia, K. (189.) Columbia, Va. (186.) Columbia, T. (227.) Columbia, S. C. (254.) The capital of the state of South Carolina, situated on the great road from Washington to New Orleans. The legislative halls, state offices, and S. C. College, are the chief buildings. ROUTES FROM COLUMBIA. To Charleston, by Stage via To Augusta, Ga. by Stage. Orangeburg Lexington C. H. 12 Granby, 1 Leesville, 17 29 Conheim, 12 13 Lumkins, 6 35 Orangeburg, 25 38 Lotts, 12 47 Kerrs, 25 63 Edgefield, 10 57 Four Holes Swamp, 14 77 Augusta, 15 72 Dorchester, 17 94 Charleston, 20 114 - COLUMBUS. To Fayetteville, N. C. by f Yorkville, 22 76 Stage. (Thence to Salisbury, N. C. Colonels Cr. 16 74 miles.) Ferry over Wateree, 14 30 Camden, 2 32 Debrules, 12 44 To Greenville, by Stage. Lexington C. H. 12 Sanders, 12 56 Saluda R. 14 26 Black Cr. 9 65 New berry, 17 43 Cheraw, 22 87 Belfast, 16 59 Boundary, 15 102 Huntsville, 8 67 Laurel Hill, 13 115 Laurensville, 9 76 Lumber R. 9 324 Reedy R. 19 95 Fayetteville, 24 148 Greenville, 19 114 To YorTtmlle, by Stage. To Winsboro, 29 Round Top, 10 Ruff s Ferry, 39 Winnsboro, 19 29 N. Edisto River, 22 Chesterville, 25 54 M Cord s Ferry, 33 Columbia, N. C. (238.) Columbiana, O. (128.) Columbia, Ala. (301.) Columbus, Ind. (147.) Columbus, O. (140,) capital of the state, founded in 1812. Population, about 4500, and rapidly increasing 1 . Public buildings : State-house, Court-house, State offices, Peniten tiary, &c. ROUTES FROM COLUMBUS. To Cincinnati, by Stage. Circlevillc 9 26 Georgeville, 13 Chillicothe, 19 45 London, 12 25 Piketon, 19 64 Charleston, 11 36 Lucasville, 13 77 Xenia, 18 54 Portsmouth 13 90 Waynesville, 15 69 Lebanon, Sharon, 9 78 16 94 To Athens, by stage. Lythopolis, 21 Reading, 5 99 Green Castle, 4 25 Cincinnati 10 109 Lancaster, 7 32 , Logan, 17 44 To Portsmouth, by Stage. Nelsonville, 16 65 Bloo infield, 17 Millvffle, 4 69 Athens, 7 76 CONCORD. 29 To Wheeling, Va. by the Jackson, 12 105 National Road. Medina, 12 117 Hebron, 28 Cleveland, 27 144 Zanesville, 27 55 Cambridge, 25 80 To Portsmouth, by Canal. Fairvicw, 21 101 Junction, 10 St. Clairsville, 24 125 Bloomficld, 7 17 Wheeling-, 10 135 Circleville, 11 28 Chillicothe, 20 48 To Portland, ly stage. Worthington, 9 Piketon, Portsmouth, 24 72 27 99 Delaware, 17 26 Norton, 11 37 To Cleveland, by Canal, Bucyrus, 26 63 Hebron, 34 Portland, 55 118 Newark, 10 44 Coshocton, 40 84 To Cleveland, by stage. Gnadenhutten, 26 110 Granville, 27 Bolivar, 26 136 Mt. Vernon, 20 47 Massillon, 12 148 Loudonville, 24 71 Akron, 33 181 Wooster, 22 93 Cleveland, 37 218 Columbus Canal. See Ohio, (149.) Columbus, K. (206.) Columbus, Miss. (265.) Cornells, Ala. (285.) Concord, N. H. (62,) capital of the state of New Hamp shire. ROUTES FROM CONCORD. Columbus, G. (285.) Competition, Va. (215.) Coombsville, K. (189.) Compte, Lou. (293.) To Boston, by Stage. Hookset Falls, 8 To Montpelier, Vt Boscawen, by stage. 10 Londonderry, 19 27 Andover, 14 24 Methuen, 16 43 Grantham, 22 46 Andover, 4 47 Dartmouth Col. 11 57 Stoneham, 11 58 Stratford, 16 73 Medford, 4 62 Chelsea, 9 82 Boston, 6 68 Barre, 15 97 Montpelier, 9 106 3* 30 CONNECTICUT. To White Hills, by stage. I To Portsmouth, by stage. Boscawen, 10 | Deerfield, 18 Bristol, 22 32 Nottingham, 6 24 Plymouth, 13 45 | Deriham, 10 34 Thornton, 12 57 Newington, 5 39 Peeling, 11 68 | Portsmouth, 7 46 Bethlehem, 19 87 I Mt, Washington, 15 102 | Concord, N. Y. (83.) Coudersport, Pa. (104.) Concord, N. C. (234.) Cornwall, Can. (14.) Concordia, L. (295.) Copenhagen, N. Y. (58.) Conestoga Navigation. See Conneaught, O. (102.) Pennsylvania, (132.) Connecticut R. (38.) Covington, N. Y. (78.) Connecticut, state of (109,) is divided into eight counties. Population in 1830, 297,711. Area, 5,100 square miles. Capitals, Hartford and New Haven. Metropolis, New- Haven. Lat. 41 19 N. Longitude 3 58 E. General election, first Monday in April; Legislature meet first Wednesday in May; constitution formed, 1818. Government. The governor isellccted annually; salary $1,100. Lieutenant Governor receives $300 pe* annum. The Legislature is styled the General Assembly, and consists of twenty-one senators, and 208 members of the House of Representatives, elected annually. The pay of the former is $2 a day each, and of the latter $1,50 a day. The general Assembly has one stated session every year, alternately at Hartford and New Haven. Judiciary. The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court of Errors, a Superior Court, and such inferior courts as the Legislature may establish. The judges are appointed by the General Assembly, and those of the Supreme and Superior Courts hold their offices during good behaviour, but not beyond the age of seventy years. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court receives $1100 per annum. The four Associate Judges $ 1050 each. Physical Structure. The state of Connecticut is natu rally divided into three parts by the rivers Connecticut and Housatonic. The eastern section is comparatively level, having but few, if any elevations deserving the name of COF CRO 31 mountains. The middle section, or that portion of the state lying between the Connecticut river on the east, and the Housatonic on the West, is strictly a mountainous region, especially the N. W. part of it. The third, or western sec tion is, with the exception of the southern portion of Fairfield county, composed almost entirely of hills and mountains, some of which attain to an elevation of 3,500 feet. Rivers, Housatonic, Saugatuck, Connecticut, Farming- ton, Thames, Quinebaug and Shetucket. Towns. Hartford, New Haven, Middletown, New Lon don and Norwich are incorporated cities; Bridgeport, Guilford, Killingworth, Newtown, Stamford, Stonington, Water bury, &c. Productions. Indian corn, wheat, rye and other small grains ; flax, hemp, &c. &c. Internal Improvements. Farmington Canal extends from New Haven, to the north boundary of the state. It is proposed to continue this canal to Northampton, a further distance of 22 miles; entire length so far as completed 56 miles; Enjield Canal is designed to overcome the Enfield falls in Connecticut River. Length 5 miles. Coffecville, Ala. (298.) Coteau du Lac, Can. (14.) Connecuh R., Ala. (300.) Connclsville, P. (129.) Constant, N.C. (218.) Coolidge, Ala. (298 ) Coupee, Lou. (308.) Cowpens, S. C. (233.) Conwayboro, S. C. (274.) Cootes Paradise, Can. (54.) Conyngham, P. (lOli.) Covington, II. (164.) Cooperstown, N. Y. (82.) Corydon, In. (167.) Coopersport, P. (104.) Cote Sans dessein, Mo. (162.) Coosa, Ala. (267.) Coosawatchie, S. C. (290.) Coosa R., Ala. (267.) Cottonport, Ala. (248.) Covington, G. (270.) Covington, Lou. (309.) Covington, T. (225.) Coshattie Indians, L. (306.) Coyemans, N. Y. (83.) Crab Orchard, Va. (213.) Covington, P. (105.) Crab Orchard, T. (230.) Coshatta Village, Ark. (277.) Crabs Bottom, Va. (174.) Craftsbury, Vt. (37.) Crawfordsville, Ind. (122.) Crocket, N. C. (254.) Croghanville, O. (99.) Crooked Lake Canal, see N. York, (79.) Cross River, Miss. (296.) Cr. Keys, Va. (217.) 32 CRO Croton, N. York, (109.) Crown Point, N. Y. (60.) Crow Town, Ala. (249.) Crugers T., Md. (155.) Cuffey T., S. C. (271.) Culbreaths, S. C. (271.) Cumberland, Md. (154.) Cumberland, Va. (197.) Cumberland R., K. (207.) DELAWARE. Cumberland R., K. & T. (209.) Cumberland I., G. (318.) Cumberland Gap, Va. (211.) Cumberland and Oxford Canal, see Maine, (63.) Cunningham, Id. O. (100.) Cruttituck inlet, N. C. (219.) Curwinville, P. (104.) Cuthbert, G. (302.) P. Duguidsville, Va. (195.) Dateville, Ala. (301.) Dallas, T. (229.) Damascus, O. (98.) Damascus, P. (107.) Dan Navigation, see Viro 1 . (215.) Danbury,C. (109.) Danbury, N. C. (215.) Danby,Vt. (61.) Dandridge, T. (231.) Danielsville, G. (251.) Danville, P. (132.) Dansville,N.Y.(79.) Danville, Vt. (37.) Danville, II. (121.) Danville, K. (190,) Danville, Va. (215.) Darlington, S. C. (255.) Darlington C, H., S.C. (272.) Daricn, G. (305.) Davidsonvillo, Ark. T. (204.) Davis, Va. (217.) Dayton, O. (148.) Decatur, II. (144.) Decatur, G. (269.) Dedham, Mass. (85.) Defiance, O. (98.) Delaware, state of, (157,) is divided into three counties. Population 76,739, including 3,305 slaves. Area, 2,200 square miles. Capital, Dover. Metropolis, Wilmington ; Lat 39 44 N. Long. 1 23 E. General election, first Tuesday in October. Legislature meet, first Tuesday in January, biennially. Constitution formed, 1792. Government. Governor, term of office four years ; elect- ed by the people ; salary, $1,333, not eligible a second time. Legislature consists of a Senate, nine members. House of Representatives composed of twenty one members. Jndiciary. Comprehends a court of errors and appeal ; a superior court ; a court of chancery ; an orphan s court ; DEI DET 33 a court of oyer and tcrminer ; and some other minor courts. Physical Structure. The two southern counties in this State are level. In the Northern part of New Castle county hills of considerable elevation occur. One of the most re markable features in the natural geography of the state, is the noted swamp, situated on the summit of the main ridge, from which the water flows into both the Chesapeake Bay on the West and Delaware on the East. Rivers. Delaware, Indian, Mispillion, Duck, Brandy- wine, and Christiana creeks, branches of the Delaware, Nantikoke River which flows into Chesapeake Bay. Islands. Pea Patch, Reedy and Bombay, Hook Islands. Productions. Wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, oats, buckwheat, &c. Towns. Wilmington, New Castle, Dover, Delaware City, Milford, Georgetown, Lewistown, &c. Internal Improvements. Chesapeake and Delaware canal from Delaware to Bohemia ; length 13 63-100 miles. New Castle and French town Rail Road extends from New Castle to Frenchtown, length 16 19-100 miles. A Rail Road to extend from Wilmington to Downingtown in Pennsylvania is proposed. Delaware, O. (125.) Delhi, N. Y. (82.) Delaware, R. P. (134.) Delphi, Ind. (122.) Delaware Bay, N J. (157.) Demopolos, Ala. (283.) Delaware, Va. (198.) Demints, II. (165.) Delaware $ Raritan Canal, Denton, Md. (178.) see N. Jersey, (134.) Dennyville, Me. (42.) Delaware & Raritan Feeder, Dennis Cr. N. J. (158.) see N. Jersey, (134.) Deposit, N. J. (81.) Delaware, Ark. T. (260.) Deerfield, O. (101.) Detroi (, Mich. T. (74.) This is the present capital of Michigan Territory. Its population is now (1836.), about 5,000. Founded by the French in 1670. The puplic buildings are, a legislative hall, market and court houses, churches, &c. S4 DETROIT. ROUTES FROM DETROIT. To Cincinnati, by Stage. Factory, 16 102 R. Rouge, 6 Post O. St. Joseph s Brownstown, 10 16 River 50 152 Monroe, 19 35 Edvvardsville, 20 172 Perrysburg, 30 65 Calamic River, 81 253 Finley, 40 105 Chicago, 14 267 Hardin, 31 136 Bellefontaine, 22 158 To Chicago via Montcalm. West Liberty, 8 166 Schwarzburg, 20 Urbana, 11 177 Dexter, 29 49 Springfield, 14 191 Montcalm, 25 74 Yellow Springs, 9 200 Kalamazoo, 63 137 Xenia, 9 209 Mouth of St. Waynesville, 15 224 Joseph s 47 184 Lebanon, 9 233 Chicago by Steam B. 64 248 Reading, 21 254 Cincinnati, 10 264 To Chicago, by Steam Boat. . Grants Pt. 12 To Buffalo, by Steam Boat. Horsons I. 18 30 Sandwich, 3 Cottrellville, 8 38 Fighting Island, 5 8 Palmer, 12 50 Grosse I. 7 15 Bunceville, 6 56 Amherstburg, 4 19 Fort Gratiot, 7 63 Middle Sister, 20 3 f > White Rock, 42 105 Bass I. 17 56 Pt. au Barques, 35 140 Sandusky, 19 75 Thunder Island, 30 170 Cleveland, 60 135 Middle I 25 195 Fairport, 30 165 Presque I. 60 255 Erie, Pa. 74 239 Mackinaw, 55 310 WcstfieM, 30 269 Beaver I. 45 355 Dunkirk, 15 284 Manitou I. 35 390 Cattarau 3 us, 13 297 Chicago, 250 640 Buffalo, 28 325 To Ft. Howard, Green Bay, To Chicago, by Stage. by Steam Boat. R. Rouge, 10 Beaver I. as above, 355 Ypsilanti, 18 28 I. Brule, 30 385 Jackson, 11 39 G. Traverse, 10 39$ Joaesville, 47 86 DIG Chambers I. Green I. Fort Howard, To Saginaw, by Stage. Ponliac, Indian Vil. Dickinsonville, Va. (212.) Dismal Siuamp Canal. See Va. (218.) Dittos, Ala. (248.) Dixmont, Me. (40.) Dixon s F., II. (93.) Doaks, Miss. (280.) Dobson, N. C. (214.) Doby Inlet, G. (305.) Doctortown, G. (305.) Dagsboro, D. (178.) Donaldsonville, Lou. (308.) Dorchester, S. C. (290.) Dorchester, L. C. (15.) Dover, N. II. (63.) Dover, capital of the state of Delaware, (157.) Dover, Va. (197.) Dover, T. (207.) 25 420 15 435 40 475 tage. 24 35 59 EASTON. Saginaw, To Fort Gratiot, Ml. Clemens, Palmer, Bunceville, Ft. Gratiot, 35 34 93 by Stage. 20 26 46 6 52 7 59 E. Downing- T., Pa. (133.) Doylestown, Pa. (133.) Drehr s Canal. See S. C. (253.) Drummondton, Va. (199.) Dresden T. (206.) Duanesburg, N. Y. (82.) Dublin, G. (288.) Ducrville, N. Y. (36.) Dulatsburg, P. (133.) Dumfries, Va. (176.) Dumfries, Ala. (298.) Dundaff, P. (107.) Dunkirk, Va. (197.) Dunlapsvillc, Ind. (148.) Dunn, Ala. (266.) Dupliri C. H., N. C. (257.) Dwight, Ark. T. (221.) Dyersburg, T. (225.) Earleysburg, Pa. (131.) Eastport, Me. (42.) East Andover, Me. (39.) Easton, Pa. (133.) a flourishing town, and seat of justice of Northampton county. It contains a court house, jail, academy, and two banks, with a population of about 6000. ROUTES FROM EASTON. To Mauch Chunk, by Bethlehem, Allentown, Berlin, Lehightown, Mauch Chunk. Canal. 12 5 17 11 28 14 42 4 46 To Bristol, by Penn. Raubsville, Monroe, Ervventown, Lumberville, New Hope, Tayloraville, canal. 5 6 11 9 20 9 29 6 35 8 43 36 EAS ELM Yardleyville, 3 46 [ To Wilkesbarre, by Stage. Morrisville, 4 50 Wind Gap, 13 Tullytown, 5 55 Stoddartsville, 27 40 Bristol, 5 60 Wilkesbarre, 18 58 To Jersey City, Ly Morris To New York, by Stage. canal. Schooley s Mt. Springs, 26 Racket s, N. J. 26 Morristown, 21 47 Dover, 20 46 Newark, 19 66 Boon ton, 10 56 New York, 10 76 Paterson, 16 72 Newark, 14 86 To Philadelphia, by Stage. Jersey City, 14 100 Ottsville, 17 Doylestown, 15 32 To Reading, by Stage. Willow Grove, 11 43 Bethlehem, 10 Philadelphia, 13 56 Allentown, 6 16 Trexlersville, 8 24 To Trenton, N. J., by Stage. Kutztown, 9 33 Bloomsbury, N. J. 8 Reading, 17 50 Flernmington, 19 27 Pennington, 16 43 Trenton, 8 51 Easton, Md. (178.) East Fork, Ind. (167.) Eaton, O. (148.) Eatonton, G. (270.) Ebenezer, G. (280.) Ebensburg, P. (130.) Edenton,N.C.(218.) Edgar Town, Mass. (112.) Edgeficld, S. C. (272.) Edington, Me. (41.) Edinburg, G. (252.) Edisto R., S. C. (273.) Edwardsburg, Mich.T. (96.) Edwardsville, II. (164.) Eddyville, K. (187.) Egnice, N. C. (215.) Elba, N. Y. (36.) Elberton, G. (252.) Elizabeth I., Mass. (112.) Elizabethtown, N. J. (134.) Elizabethtown r K. (189.) Elizabeth, Mo. (162 ) Elizabeth, N. C. (256,) Elizabeth City, N. C. (218.) Elkton, T. (227.) Elkton, Md. (157.) Elkton, K. (207.) Elkheart Grove. II. (143.) Ellicott, Md. (156.) Ellicottsville, N. Y. (78.) Ellis, N. C. (256.) Ellisville, Miss. (297.) Ellisto I., S. C. (290.) Elms, S. C. (290.) ELM FLORIDA. 37 Elmore, Vt. (37.) Elyria, O. (100.) Elysiun Fields, Miss. (295.) Elyton, Ala. (267.) Emporium, P. (104.) Enjield Canal, see Ct. (110.) Englishman s Bay, Me. (42.) Epels, S. C. (254.) Erie Canal, in N. Y. (56.) Erie, Ala. (283.) Erncstown, U. C. (33.) Erie, Pa. (76.) Errol, N. 11. (38.) Essex, N. Y. (36.) Estelsville, Va. (-212.) Etowah, G. (250.) Etovvah R., G. (250.) Euphrata, P. (132.) Eutaw Springs, S. C. (273.) Evansville, Ind. (166.) Evunsham, Va. (2 1 3.) Exeter, N. H. (86.) Fairfield, C. (10:).) Fairfield, II. (165.) Fairfield, Va. (195.) Fairfax, Va. (175.) Florida, (313.) The territory of Florida is divided into 19 counties, and has a population of about 44,000. Area 55,680 square miles. Government. The Governor is appointed by the Presi dent, by, and with the advice and consent of the Senate : salary, $2,500 per annum. Secretary, salary, $1,500. The Legislative Council consists of sixteen members, and meets annually (at Tallahassee) on the first Monday in Jan uary. Judiciary. There are four judges, appointed by the President and Senate one for each of the four districts which have been named. The salary of each, $1,500. Physical Structure. The entire Territory of Florida, Fairfax, Va. (176.) Fairhaven, O. (100.) Fairvievv, O. (127.) Falmouth, K. (16-).) Falmouth, Mass. (112.) Fannetsburg, P. (131.) Farmington, Ct. (110.) Farmington Canal, see Ct (108.) Farmington, Mo. (184.) Farrington, II. (118.) Farmville, Va. (196.) Fayctteville, N. C. (236.) Fayctteville, T. (228.) Favetteville, Ala. (266.) Fayetteville, G. (269.) Firiley, O. (99.) Fincastlc, Va. (195.) Fish house, N. Y. (59.) Fishkill, N.Y. (109.) Fisher s I., C. (110.) Flat Rock, P. (153.) Flemington, N. J. (134.) Flemingsburg, K. (170.) Flint River, G. (302.) 38 FLORIDA. with the exception of a small portion west of the Appalachi- cola, is remarkable for its level and unbroken surface*- No elevation deserving the name of mountain, nor any hill exceeding 300 feet in height, is to be found. In the vi cinity of Toloso, a limestone ridge occurs, merely sufficient to give motion to the waters. Natural bridges, common to limestone regions, abound in this section of the territory. Proceeding southward, the ridge just mentioned becomes more depressed, until it reaches the source of the Oclavvaha, where it disappears entirely, though similar geological features may be traced several miles further south. All below the 28 of N. Lat. consists of flat lands, subject to oc casional,, and a large poition of it, to constant submersion. Rivers. St. Johns, Escambia, Yellow Water, Chocta- whatchic, Appalachicola, Oclackonnce, Suwanec, St. Ma rys, &c. Bays. Pcrdido, Pensacola, Choctawhatchie, St. An drews, Appalachce, St. Josephs, Charlotte, Gallivans, and Chatham on the Gulf. No bays of any importance exist on the Atlantic side of the Territory; Mosquitto, Lagoon, Jndian river, &c., re semble bays, but like the St. Johns, they are merely ex panded rivers, arid cannot with propriety be called bays. Productions. Cotton, rice, sugar, tobacco, indigo, In dian corn, &c., together with a great variety of garden vegetables. Towns. Tallahassee, the capital; Pensacola, St. Augus. tine, Alaqua, Webbvillc, Appalachicola, Quincy, Monticello, Jacksonville, &c. Florida, F. (312.) Fort Portage, O. (99.) Florida, Ala. 0298.) Fort Ann, N. Y. (60.) Florence, Ala. (247.) Fort Dearborn, II. (95.) Fords, Miss. (2D7.) Fort Edwards, II. (117.) Forsyth, G. (270.) Fort Erie, U. C. (77.) Forlin, Lou. (309.) Fort Brown, O. (98.) Fort Gratiot, Mich. T. (51.) Fort Necessity, O. (125.) Fort St. Mary, O. (124.) Fort Deposit, Ala. (248.) Fort Amanda, O. (124.) Fort Early, G. (286.) Fort Recovery, O. (124.) Fort Armstrong, Ala. (249.) FOR GALENA, 39 Fort StrothcT,,Ala. (267.) Fort Chinnabie, Ala. (267.) Fort Talladega, Ala. (267.) Fort Williams, Ala. (267.) Fort Jackson, Ala. (284.) Fort Mitchell, Ala. (285.) Fort Bainbridge, Ala. (285.) Fort Lawrence, G. (286.) Fort Mimtns, Ala. (299.) Fort Crawford, Ala. (299.) Fort Dale, Ala. (300.) Fort James, G. (304.) Fort Gaines, G. (301.) Fort Scott, G. (315.) Fort Barrington, G. (305.) Fort Bowyer, Ala. (3 11.) Fort St. Phillip, Lou. (324.) Fowl, T. (314.) Francestown, N. H. (85.) Franconia, N. H. (38.) Franklin, Pa. (103.) Franklin, Va. (174.) Franklin, Ind. (147.) Franklin, K. (208.) Franklin, T. (228.) Franklin, N. C, (231.) Franklin, G. (269.) Franklin, Miss. (295.) Franklin, Lou. (322.) Frauklintown, Lou. (309.) Franklinville, G. (316.) Frankfort, 11. (186.) Frankfort, Ind. (122.) Frankfort, Va. (194.) Frankfort, capital of Ken tucky, (169.) Franktown, Va. (]99.) Fraser,N. C. (217.) Fredericksburg, Ind. (167.) Fredericksburg, Va. (176.) Fredcricktown, Md. (155.) Fredericktown, Mo. (184.) Fredcricktown, O. (126.) Fredonia, N.Y.(77.) Fredonia, O. (167.) Freehold, N.J. (134.) Freeport, Pa. (129.) Freeport, Me. (63.) Frenchmans B. Me. (41.) French T., Miss. (311.) Friendsville, Pa. (106.) Fulsoms, Miss. (265.) Fry burg, Me. (62.) Foxboro, Mass. (85.) G. Gainsville, G. (251.) Galvczton,L. (309.) Galena, 111. (66,) is the centre of an extensive lead re gion, in Illinois, and the districts of Huron or Wisconsin, and Sioux. Population about 2000. ROUTES FROM GALENA. To St. Louis, by Steam Rush Creek, 8 26 Boat. Plum Creek, 10 36 Mississippi River, 4 Maradozia, 10 46 Apple Creek, 14 18 Fort Armstrong, 24 7,0 40 GAL GEORGIA, Copper Creek, 26 96 To Fort Winnebago, by land. Fort Edwards, 100 196 Gratiot s Grove, 15 Hannibal, 41 237 Dodgeville, 30 45 L uisiana, 25 262 Moundville, 14 59 Illinois River, 72 334 Fort Winnebago, 54 113 Missouri River, 17 351 St. Louis, 17 368 To Chicago, by land, 169 To Prairie du Chien. To Vandalia, by land. N. boundary of 11. 17 Rock River, 65 L. Platte Cr. 7 24 Peoria, 76 141 Grant Cr. 6 30 Springfield, 65 206 Cassville, 14 44 Vandalia, 55 261 Prairie du Chien, 24 68 Gallipolis, O. (171.) Gallatin, T. (208.) Gandysville, Va. (153.) Gap, N. H. (38.) Garland, Me. (40.) Gasconade, Mo. (162.) Gasconade R., Mo. (182.) Gasaways, II. (186.) Gates C. H., N. C. (218.) Gate woods, II. (166.) Geneseo, N. Y. (79.) Geneva, N. Y. (80.) Georgetown, P. (132.) Georgetown, Pa. (128.) Georgetown, D. C. (176.) Georgetown, O. (170.) Georgetown, D. (178.) Georgetown, S. C. (274.) Georgetown, G. (271.) Georgetown, K. (169.) Genereau, Mich. (49.) Georgia, (270.) The state of Georgia is divided into ninety-nine counties. Population 516,567, including 217,470 slaves. Area, 61,500 square miles. Capital, Mil- ledgeville. Metropolis, Savannah, lat. 32 03 N., long. 4 03 W. General election, first Monday in October. Legis lature meet first Monday in November. Constitution formed, 1798. Government. The governor is elected by the people, for two years; salary $3,000. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Representatives, styled the Gene ral Assembly. The members of both houses are chosen annually, on the first Monday in October, and meet on the first Monday in November. One Senator is elected for each county, and the number of Representatives is in pro - GEORGIA. 41 portion to population, including three-fifths of all the people of colour ; but each county is entitled to at least one, but not more than four. Judiciary Superior Court, the judges of which are elected by the legislature for three years and receive an nually $2,100 each. The justices of the inferior courts, and justices of the peace, are elected quadrennially by the people. Physical Structure. Nearly two-thirds of the state, on the south-east, presents a level aspect, nearly destitute of mountains. North-west of the great road leading from Augusta to Columbia, the country becomes mountainous, increasing in elevation as we proceed westward, until it attains a mean altitude of about 1200 feet. This inclined plane, which contains the gold region, is suddenly termi nated by the Blue Kidge, which separates the waters of the Tennessee from those of Coosa, &c. Rivers. Coosa, Chattahooehc, Flint, Suwanee, Santilla, Alatamaha, Ocrnulgec, Oconee, Ogechee, and Savannah. Productions. Cotton, rice, timber, tobacco, Indian corn, and fruits in great variety and abundance. Gold and some other minerals. Internal Improvements. Savannah and Ogechee Canal, commences at Savannah, and intersects the great Ogechee a short distance above the mouth of the Cannouchee river. An extension of tins work is proposed, of sixty miles, to the Alatamaha. Aldtamaha and Brunswick Kail Road, twelve miles in length. Towns. Savannah, Milledgeville, Augusta, Darien, Macon, Columbus, Washington, Louisville, St. Marys, Greensboro, Sparta, &c. Germantown, Pa. (133.) Gilead, II. (143.) Gcrmantown, Va. (195.) Gilford, N. H. (62.) Germantown, N. C. (236.) Gilmanton, N. H. (62.) Gettysburg, Pa. (155.) Gloucester, Mas. (86.) Germantown, N. C. (214.) Gloucester, Va. (198.) Gibraltar Pt. U. C. (54.) Glasgow, K. (189.) Gibsonport, Miss. (295.) Golconda, II. (186.) Gilboa, N. Y. (82.) Goldboro, Me. (41.) 42 GOL HAR Gold Region, G. (250.) Good, N. C. (233.) Gorham, Me. (63.) Goshen,N. Y. (108.) Governeur, N. Y. (34.) Grand Lake, Me. (2l.) Grand Id. U. C. (33.) Grand R. Mich. (71.) Granger, O. (101.) Granville, Mass. (84.) Grata, Pa. (132.) Gr. F ( >irg Harbour, N. J. (158.) Gr. Menan Id., N. B. (42.) Gr. Ogcchee R., G. (288.) Greensboro, Vt. (37.) Greensboro, G. (270.) Greensboro, Ala. (283.) Grcensburg, P. (12).) Greerisburg, Ind. (147.) Greensburg, K. (189.) Green upsbursf, F\.(171.) Greenville, II. (164.) Haddara,Con. (110.) Hadensville, Va. (196.) Hadlcy (south) Canal, see Massachusetts, (84.) Hagerstown, Md. (155.) Halifax, P. (132.) Halifax, N.C. (217.) Hiillowell, Me. (40.) Halls, N. C. (235.) Hamburg, N. J. (108.) Hamburg, P. (133.) Hamburg, S. C. (272.) Hamilton, N. Y. (78.) Hamilton, O. (148.) Hamilton, Miss. (280.) Harniltoris, Lou. (278.) II. Greenville, S. C. (252.) Greenville, K. (187.) Greenville O. (124.) Greenville, Ind. (168.) Greenville, Mo. (184.) Greenville, T. (212.) Greenville, N. C. (237.) Greenville, Mis. (295.) Greenfield, Mass. (84.) Greenfield, Ind. (147.) Greenfield, O. (149.) Grcensville, Va. (213.) Greensvillc, Ala. (300.) Green River, K. (187.) Greene C. H., Miss. (298.) Greene, N.Y. (810 Greenca?tle, Ind. (146.) Greencastlc, P. (155.) Grecnock, Ark. (224.) Grinders, T. (227.) Grabb, Lou. (294.) Guildhall, Vt. (38.) Guyandot. Va. (171.) Hampton, Va. (198.) Hampton N. J. (158.) Hampton, Lou. (309.) Hanbyvillc, Ala. (267.) Hancocks, T., Md, (154.) Hannas, N. C. (235.) Hanover, N. H. (61.) Hanover, Va. (1 ( J7.) Hardin, O. (124.) Hardin, O. (125.) Hardinsburg, K. (188.) Hardinsville, (226.) Hardwich, Mass. (84.) Hartford, Md. (156.) Hargroves, Ala. (267.) Harleam C /, see N. Y.(l35.) HARTFORD. 43 Harlaem Rail Road,$ee New York, (135.) Harlcesvillc, S. C. (255.) Harmony, Me. (40.) Harmony, P. (128.) Harmony, Ind. (166.) Harperficld, N. Y. (82.) Harpersficld, O. (101.) Harper s Ferry, Va. (155.) Harpshead, K. (187.) Harrington, Me. (42.) Harrisburg, P. (132.) Harrisburg, T. (225.) Harrisonburg, Va. (1 75.) Harrison burg, Lou. (294.) Harrisville, Va. (217.) Harrisonville II. (163.) Harrodsburg, K. (190). Haitford, Con. (110,) one of the capitals of Connecticut, and, next to New Haven, the most populous town in the state; population 9,769 ; its public buildings consist of the State House, Deaf and Dumb Asylum on Tower-hill, the Lunatic Asylum, College, and several splendid churches. ROUTES FROM HARTFORD. To New Haven, by Stage. Mendon, 12 74 Nevvington, 6 Medway, 9 83 Worth ington, 6 12 Dover, 12 95 Meriden, 6 18 Brooklyne, 11 106 Wallingford, 4 22 Boston, 4 110 North Haven, 9 31 New Haven, 5 36 To Providence, by Stage. Ashford, as above, 28 To New Haven via Middle- Potnfret, 14 42 town, by Stage. Killingly, 6 48 Stepney, 8 Providence, 26 74 Middletown, 8 16 Durham, 7 23 To New London, by Stage. North ford, 8 31 Glastenbury, 7 New Haven, 10 41 Marlboro, 11 18 Colchester, 8 26 To Boston, by Stage. New Salem, 7 38 Ellington, 14 Chesterfield, 6 39 Tolland, 5 19 New London, 7 46 Wellington, 7 26 Ashford, 2 28 Thompson, 20 48 To Springfield, by Stage. Windsor, 7 Douglass, 14 62 Warehouse Ft. 7 14 44 HAR HOP Enfield, 4 18 Salisbury, 7 48 Springfield, 10 28 To Litchjield, by Stage. To Worcester, by Stage. Farmington, 10 Tolland, 19 Burlington, 9 19 Stafford Spr. 8 27 Harwinton, 7 26 Stafford Ch. 2 29 Litchneld, 8 34 Sturbridge, 23 52 Charlton, 10 62 Worcester, 10 72 To D anbury, by Stage. Farmington, 10 .. Bristol, 7 17 To Salisbury, by Stage. Northington, 9 Plymouth, 6 23 Watertown, 7 30 Canton, 5 14 Woodbury, 7 37 Winsted, 12 26 Newtown, 15 52 Norfolk, 10 36 Danbury 9 61 N. Canaan, 5 41 Hartford, K. (188.) Hartford, N. C. (218.) Hartford, G. (287.) Hartsville, T. (208.) Harwich, Mass. (112.) Hauppage,N. Y. (135.) Havana, Ala. (246.) Haverhill, N. H. (37.) Havre de Grace, Md. (156.) Haysboro, T. (208.) Hyatts, L. C. (17.) Hazlepatch, K. (191.) Helena, Ark. (244.) Hempstead, N. Y. (135.) Henderson, II. (118.) Henderson, K. (187.) Henderson, N. C. (234.) Henncpin,!!. (93) , Henry C. H,, G. (269.) Herculaneum, Mo. (163.) Hereford Inlet, N. J. (158.) Herkimer, N. Y. (59.) Hicks, G. (249.) Hickstown,F. (316.) Hicksford, Va. (217.) Hickory Hill, S. C. (289.) Hickory T., P. (103.) High Pt., U.C. (74.) Hill, N. C. (217.) Hills West, N. C. (80.) Hillsboro, (143.) Hillsboro, O. (149.) Hillsboro, N. C. (215.) Hillsboro, N. H. (162.) Hilton Head, S. C. (2!jO.) Hindostan, Ind. (167.) Hogton,N. C. (237.) Hollidayburg-, P. (130.) Holmes, F. (314.) Hoknesville, Miss. (296.) Holrnesville, G. (304.) Holston R. Va. (213.) Hookset Canal, sec New Hampshire, (62.) Hoof Inn, N.C. (238.) Hope, N. J. (134.) ILLINOIS. 45 Hopctown, N. Y. (80.) Hulinsburg, P. (103.) Hophinton, N. Y. (35.) Humes, S. C. (274.) Ilopkinton, N. H. (62.) Iluntersville, Va. (173.) Hopkinsville, K. (207.) Huntingdon, P. (130.) Horn T. Va. (199.) Huntingdon, T. (206.) Horns N. C. (256.) Hunts, N. Y. (79.) Horry, G. (286.) Huntsvillc, N. C. (214.) Hot Springs, Ark. (241.) Huntsvillc, Ala. (248.) Howards, S. C. (255.) Huntsville Canal, see Ala- Hudson, N. Y. (83.) barna, (248.) Hudson Sf Delaware Canal, Huntsville, S. C. (253.) see New York, (108.) Huston, N. C. (254.) Hughsville, Va. (214.) Huttonsville, Va. (173.) Illinois, state of, (186,) is divided into 68 counties. The population in 1830, was 157,445, but has greatly in- creased since. Area, 57,900 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Vandalia, lat. 38 58 N. long. 11 57 W. Ge neral election, first Monday in August biennially. Legis lature meets first Monday in December every second year. Date of constitution, 1818. Government. Governor is elected for four years, salary S1000. The lieutenant-governor is president of the senate. The " General Assembly" consists of a senate and house of representatives. The members of the former are elected for four years, and those of the latter biennially ; pay of each, three dollars a day ; meet every other year on the first Monday in December. General election, first Monday in August, biennially. Judiciary. The Supreme Court consists of a chief jus. tice and three associate judges ; salary of each $1000. They hold circuit courts also. There is another judge for the circuit north of Illinois river. The court of county commissioners, is composed of three persons, who are elected every two years. Justices of the peace are elected by the people, and hold office four years. There is a judge of probate in each county. Imprisonment for debt, except in certain cases, is not allowed. Slavery is prohibited by the constitution. Physical Structure. The whole state is remarkably 46 INDIANA. level, having no mountains, nor indeed any hills of great elevation. In the northern part of the state, a partial change in the surface is perceptible ; the country is somewhat bro ken and undulating, but its level character is maintained throughout the whole. The " American Bottom," so called, celebrated for its fertility, extends along the left bank of the Mississippi, from the mouth of the Missouri to Kaskas- kia, nearly ninety miles. Prairies and barrens abound to a great extent in this state ; probably one-half of its sur face consists of these natural meadows. Rivers. Mississippi, Rock, Illinois, Sangamo, Kaskas- kia, Ohio and Wabash. Productions. Indian corn, wheat, tobacco, cotton, lead, &c. Internal Improvements. Are merely prospective, none having yet been completed, A canal about 100 miles in length, from Ottowa, or perhaps from Hennepin, lower down the Illinois to lake Michigan, has been long contemplated. Towns. Vandalia, Edwardsvills, Belleville, Carrolton, Albion, Kaskaskia, Shawneetown, Springfield, Beardstown, Ottowa, Galena, and many others. Illinois R., II. (94.) Illinois, R., Ark. (200.) Illinois Canal. See II. (94.) Indiana, P. (129.) Indiana, state of, (166,) is divided into eighty-six counties, and had, in 1830, a population of 343,031. Area, 36,500 square miles. Capital, Indianapolis ; metropolis, New Albany, lat. 38 19 N. long. 8 44 W. Date of constitu tion, 1816. General election, 1st Monday in August. Leg islature meet, 1 st Monday in December. Government. The governor is elected for three years ; salary $1,000 per annum. Lieutenant-governor is presi dent of the senate, and receives two dollars per day during the session of the legislature. The legislature is called the General Assembly of Indi ana, and is composed of a senate, the members of which are elected for three years ; and a house of representatives, whose members are elected annually. The number of the former is at present 30 ; and the latter 75. Pay of mem bers of both houses is two dollars a day each, INDIANA. INDIANOl OLIS. 47 Judiciary. The judiciary power is vested in a Supreme Court, circuit courts, and such other inferior courts as the general assembly may establish. The supreme court con sists of three judges; and each of the circuit courts con sists of a president and two associates. All the judges hold their office for seven years, if not removed for improper conduct. The judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate. The presiding judges of the circuit courts are appointed by the legisla ture ; and the associates are elected by the people. There are seven presiding judges of circuit courts. The judges of the supreme and circuit courts receive $700 per annum. The associate judges receive $2 a day each, during the session of the courts. Physical Structure. The country along the Ohio, from the Wabash to the Miami, and 20 or 25 milts back, pre sents a broken and hilly appearance : it is not however hilly in the strict sense of the term. The ridges, con- monly so called, are mere buttresses which support the elevated plateaus in the rear. These gorges have evidently been occasioned by the abrasions of the streams which have thus formed those dark ravines which abound in this part of the state. In the central portions, the land is less broken, and in the north no mountains or hills of any mangitude exist. Rivers. Ohio, Wabash, White water, Laugherry, Sil ver, Indian, the four last are merely creeks. Productions. Corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats, flour r &c. many sorts of vegetables grow in great abundance. Internal Improvements. Wubash and Erie Canal. It is to extend from Lafayette, to the eastern boundary of the state. Length 127 miles. Towns. Indianapolis the capital ; Vincennes, Lawrence- burg, Aurora, Vevey, Madison, Jeffersonville, New Albany, Fredonia, Troy, New Harmony, Richmond, Loganport, Lafayette, &c. &c. Indianapolis, (146.) ROUTES FROM INDIANAPOLIS. To New Albany, by stage, I Edinburg, 10 30 Franklin, 20 | Columbus, 12 42 48 INDIANAPOLIS. JAM Brovvnstown, 25 67 Greencastle, R. 17 37 Vallona, 3 70 Terrehaute, 33 70 Salcrn, 19 89 Umbarras R. 45 115 Greenville, 24 113 Ewington, 25 140 N. Albany, 9 122 Vandalia, 30 170 (Thence to Louisville, K. 3 miles.) To Covington, by Stage. Crawfordsville, 50 To Cincinnati, by Stage. Covington, 29 79 Rushville, 40 Somerset, 14 54 To Wayne, by Stage. Brooke ville, 11 6.3 Connerstown, 17 Harrison, 17 82 Noblcsville, 4 21 Miami, 8 90 Strawtown, 7 28 Cincinnati, 15 105 Wayne, 83 111 To Vincennes, by Stage. To Columbus, O. by Stage. Port Royal, 16 Greenfield, 20 Martinville, 14 30 Centreville, 44 64 Spencer, 24 54 Richmond, 6 70 Bloomfield, 23 77 Lewisburg, 17 87 Vincennes, 45 122 York, 16 103 Springfield, 26 129 To Vandalia, K. by Stage. Columbus, 43 172 Innfield, N. C. (217.) Instantur, P. (104.) Ipswich, Me. (86.) Irvine, K. (191.) Jackson, Mich. (73.) Jackson, O. (J50.) Jackson, Mo. (185.) Jackson, T. (226.) Jackson, capital of Miss. (280.) Jackson, Ala. (298.) Jacksonville, 11. (142.) Jacksonville, G. (303.) Jacksonville, F. (318.) J. Ithaca Sf Owego Rail Road. see N. Y. ( .) Ischua, N. Y. (78.) Isle of Wight Va. (218.) Jacksonburg, O. (148.) Jacksonboro, G. (289) Jucksonboro, S. C. (290.) Jacksboro, T. (210.) JafTrey, &. H, (84.) Jamaica, N. Y. (135.) Jamestown, N. Y. (77.) James River Canals, see Virginia, (197.) James R., V a . (197.) JAM KENTUCKY, 49 James and Jackson R.Canal, see Va. (196.) James I., S. C. (210.) Jarncsville, S.C. (273.) Jasper, T. (22j.) Jay, Me (3J.) Jefferson, O. (102.) Jefferson, P (103.) Jefferson, Mo. (161.) K. Kalarnazoo, R., Mich. (71.) Kanawhn, Navigation, see Virginia, (172 ) Kanawha R., Va. (172.) Kankakce, R., Ind. (95.) Kaskaskia R , II. (144.) Kaskaskie, Ind. (95.) Kaskaskia, II. (185.) Keene, N. H. (84.) Jefferson, Va. (176.) Jefferson, N. C. (213 ) Jefferson, Mis. (246.) Jefferson, G. (251.) Jefferson, G. (316.) Jeffcrsonville, Ind. (168.) JeffersonvilK, Va. (193.) Jericho, N. Y. (81.) Kempsvillc, Va. (218.) Kellyvale, Va. (37,) Kenjua, P. (103.) Kennard, G. (302.) Kennebeck R., Me. (40.) Kennebeck R., Me. (64.) Kenncburik, Me. (63.) Kent I, Md. (]77.) Kentucky R., K. (191.) Kentucky state of, (206,) is divided into 84 counties. Population in 1830, 687,917, including 165,213 slaves. Area, 40,500 square miles. Capital Frankfort, metropolis Louisville, Lat. 38 18 N. Long-. 8 46 VV. General election first Monday in August. Legislature meet, first Monday in November. Constitution framed, 1799. Government. Governor s term of office, four years. Sala ry $J,000 per annum. Lieutenant-governor $4 per day, as president of the senate ; secretary of state, $750 ; audi tor, register and treasurer, each $1,500. The legislature consists of a Senate and House of Repre sentatives, styled the General Assembly of the Common wealth of Kentucky. The members of the former are cho- sen for 4 years ; those of the latter annually. The senate consists of 38 members; and the house of representatives of 100. The members of both houses receive $2 per day during the session of tbe legislature. Judiciary. The court of appeals consists of a Chief Jus tice and two other Judges ; salary of each $1,500. Cir cuit courts; the state is divided into 16 judicial districts 50 KENTUCKY. for holding 1 circuit courts. There is a judge for each cir cuit, who has jurisdiction of law cases over $50, and ot chan- ccry cases over 5, and holds three terms a year in each county of his circuit. The salary of the judges of the cir cuit courts is $1000 per annum. County courts are also held by three or more justices of the peace. Their juris diction is over inferior suits. They hear appeals from the decisions of single justices. Physical Structure. The south-eastern portion of this state borders upon the Allegheny range of mountains, some of the spurs and detached ridges of which descend for a con siderable distance into it. That part of the state is con sequently of a mountainous character, with lofty eminences and deep ravines and valleys between them, affording land scape views of uncommon boldness and beauty. Along the Ohio river, and extending from 10 to 20 miles in different places from it, are the "Ohio Hills," parallel with that beautiful stream. These hills are often high, generally gracefully rounded and conical, with narrow vales and bottoms around their bases. They give to that portion of the state, through which they extend, a very rough ap pearance. They are covered with lofty forests, and have often a good soil on their sides and summits. The alluvial bottoms between them and the Ohio, and along the streams which full into that river, are of the richest kind. Rivers. Ohio, Big and Little Sandy, Licking, Kentucky, Salt, Green, Cumberland, Tennessee, &c. Productions. Indian corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat, oats, hemp, tobacco, &c. Internal Improvements. Louisville, and Portland canal. Length about one and a half miles. Lexington and Oliio Rail Road, commences at Lexington, passes through Frank fort, and thence to Shippingport, near Louisville. Length 85 miles. Towns. Frankfort the capital ; Lexington,. Louisville, Marysville, Greensburg, Augusta, Newport, Co^ington, Port William, Owenboro, Henderson, Flemingsburg, Wash ington, Paris, Georgetown, Harrodsburg, Verseilles, Bards- town, Shelbyville,. Russelville, Bowling-green, Princeton, K.NOXVILLE. 51 Glasgow, together with others, many of them equally im portant. Keys, N.J. (158.) Kilbourns, Vt. (37.) Killingworth, Con. (110.) Kilpatricks, I1.(1G4.) Kinderhook, N. Y. (83.) Kingston, U.C. (,33.) Kingston, N. Y. (108.) Kingston, R. I. (111.) Kingston, Md. (178.) Kingston, T. (230.) Kingston, N. C. (537.) Kingstrec, S. C. (274.) Kings, N. C. (237.) Kings, S. C. (-Jb9.) K. Geo. C. H. Va. (176.) K. & Queens C. H. Va. (198.) King wood, Va.( 153.) Kinsman, O. (102.) Kittanning, P. (129.) Knoxville, T. (231,) the most important town in east Tennessee. Population about 3,000. The public buildings consists of a college, several churches, county offices, &,c. ROUTES FROM KNOXVILLE. To Nashville, by Stage. \ To Warm Springs N. C. by Loveville, 14 Stage. Kingston, 23 37 Dandridge, 32 Crab Orchard, 20 57 Newport, 15 47 Sparta, 38 95 Warm Springs N. C. 28 75 Liberty, 32 127 Lebanon, 26 153 To Athens, by Stage. Nashville, 28 181 Maryville, 8 Madisonville, 29 48 To Abingdon, Va. by Stage. Athens, 15 62 Rutledge, 32 Bean s Station, 10 42 To Clinton, 18 Mooresburg, 8 50 Jacksboro, 36 Rogcrsville, 13 63 Montgomery, 54 King-sport, 26 89 Tazewell, 50 Blouritsville, 17 106 Abingdon, Va. 24 130 Knoxville, G. (286.) Kutztown, Pa. (133.) L. Lacadie, L. C. (15.) Lafayatte, Ind.(122.) 52 LAG LANCASTER. La Grange, G. (269.) Lake Champlain, N. Y. (36.) Lake Ontario, N. Y. (55.) Lake Michigan, Mich. (69.) Lake St. Clair, Mich. (74.) Lake Erie, O. (100.) Lake Borgne, Lou. (310.) Lake Ponchartrain, Lou. (303.) L. St. Francis, L. C. (14.) L. of the two Mts. L.C. (14.) L. George N. Y. (60.) L. George, F. (330.) L. Memphramagog, L. C. U6.) L. Mermentou, Lou. (321.) L. Bernard, G. (286.) Lancaster, N. II. (38.) Louisville and Portland Canal, sec Ken. (168.) La Fourche Canal, see Lou- isiana, (323.) Lake Vert t Canal, see Lou isiana, (323.) Lucka waxen Canal, see Pennsylvania, (108.) Lake Dnnninond Canal, see N. Carolina, (218.) Lancaster Canal, see Ohio, (150.) Lehigh Navigation, see Pennsylvania, (133.) Lacka waxen, Rail Road, see Pennsylv.nia, (107.) Lykins Valley Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (132.) Loiicks Canal, see S. Caro lina, (253.) Lockharts Canal, see South Carolina, (253.) Lancaster, P. (132.) The city of Lancaster formerly the capital of Pennsylvania, is a large and thriving place, having a population of 7,683, and considerable trade. The great road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, and the Colum bia rail road pass through it. Its public buildings are, a court house, jail, Laucasterian school house, and several handsome churches. ROUTES FROM LANCASTER. To Philadelphia, by Stage. Soudersburg, 8 Coatsville, 17 25 Downingstown, 7 32 Paoli, 12 44 Philadelphia, 20 64 To Philadelphia, by Rail Road. Soudersburg, 9 Mine Ridge, 8 17 Coatsville, 12 29 Downingstown, 8 37 Schuylkill river, 29 66 Philadelphia, 3 69 To Harrisburg, by Stage. Mountjoy, 12 Elizabeth town, 7 19 LANCASTER. 53 Middletown, 7 26 Stoystown, 28 156 Harrisburg, 9 35 Laughlintown, 16 172 Youngstown, 13 185 To Pittsburg Greensburg, 10 195 Columbia, by Rail R 13 Stuarlsville, 13 208 York [by stage,] 11 24 Pittsburg, 19 227 Abbotstown, 15 3.9 Gettysburg-, 14 53 To Reading, by Stage. Charnbcrsburg, 25 78 Ephrata, 13 M Connelstown, 19 97 Adams, 9 22 Bedford, 31 128 Reading, 9 31 Lancaster, O. (150.) Lancaster, Va. (198.) Lancaster, S. C. (-254.) Landisburg, P. (131.) Langford, Ala. (298.) La Prairie, L. C. (15.) Lattimore, Miss. (296.) Laughlin T., P. (129.) Lawrenceburg, Ind. (148.) Lawrenceboro, T. (227.) Lawrenceville, S. C. (-^53.) Lawrenceville, Mich. (99.) Lawrenceville, Ind. (166.) Lawrenceville, G. (251.) Lawrenceville, Va. (218.) Lawrenceburg, P. (103.) Laurel T., D. (178.) Lead Mines, II. (66.) Lead M., Mo. (163.) Leaf R., Miss. (297.) Lebanon, N. Y. (83.) Lebanon, P. (132.) Lebanon, O. (148.) Lebanon, II. (164.) Lebanon, K. (189.) Lebanon, T. (208.) Lebanon, Va. (212.) Leesburg, Va. (155.) Leeds, Va. (177.) Le FJors, Miss. (281.) Lehighton, P. (133.) Leicester, Va. (196.) Lenox, Mass. (83.) Leominster, Mass. (85.) Leonard T., Md. (177.) Le Raysville, N. Y. (34.) Leroy, N. Y. (78.) Lewistown, N. Y. (54.) Lewistown, D. (178.) Lewistown, II. (66.) Lewistown, II. (118.) Lewistown, P. (131.) Lewistown, Va. (216.) Lewis, Lou. (307.) Lewisburg, Va. (194.) Lexington, N. Y. (82.) Lexington, P. (102.) Lexington, K. (169.) Lexington, Va. (195.) Lexington, T. (226.) Lexington, N. C. (234.) Lexington, G. (270.) 54 LIB LOUISIANA. Liberty, K. (190.) Liberty, Va. (195.) Liberty, S. C. (273.) Liberty, Miss. (2:)6.) Licking R., K. (170.) Licking station, [{.(191.) Lincolnton, N. C. ( 233.} Lincolnton, G. (271.) Lisbon, G. (271.) Litchfield, Con. (109.) Litchfield, K. (188.) Little Kunawha River, Va. .(151.) Li! tie Rock, capital of Ar kansas, (242 ) Lit. Egg Harbour, N. J. (1.58.) Lit. Prairie, Mo. (205.) Lit. Red R., Ark. (22^.) L. Wabash R., II. (165.) Livingston, Miss. (280.) Lockport, N. Y. (55.) Loftus Heights, Miss. (295.) Logansports, Ind. (122) Logan C. H., Va. (193.) Logan, O. (150.) London, U. C. (52.) London, O. (14.-).) Long Ft, U. C. (56.) Long Pt., U. C. (7(i.) Long Lake, N. Y. (59.) Long Island, N. Y. (135.) L.I. Sound, N. Y. (110.) Long Branch, N. J. (135.) Long Bay, N. & S.C. (275.) Longacoming, N. J. (158.) Lorain, N. Y. (58.) Louisiana, Mo. (141.) Louisiana, state of, (277,) is divided into 33 parishes ; had in 1830, 215,739 inhabitants, including 109,588 slaves. Area, 49,300 square miles. Capital and metropolis, New Orleans, lat. 30 N., long. 13 1 W. General election, first Monday in July, biennially. Legislature meet, first Monday in January. Constitution formed, 1812. Government. Governor term of office four years salary, $7,500 per annum. Secretary, treasurer, attorney general, and surveyor general. Legislature. The legislative authority is vested in a senate and a house of representatives, styled the General Assembly of the state of Louisiana. The senators are elected for four years. Their number is 17. The repre sentatives are elected for two years. Their number is at present 50. The elections are held on the first Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday of July. The general assembly elect by joint ballot, for governor, one of the two who have received the highest number of the votes of the people. Judiciary The supreme court consists of three judges, who are appointed by the governor, with the advice and consent of the senate. This court has only appellate juris- LOUISIANA. 55 diction. It sits in New Orleans for the eastern district, during the months of November, December, January, Feb ruary, March, April, May, June, and July. And for the western district, at Opelousas and Attakapas, during the months of August, September and October. The criminal court of New Orleans has one judge. There are eight district courts, and nine judges. The district courts, with the exception of the first, hold in each parish, two sessions a year. The parish courts hold a regular session in each parish, on the first Monday in every month. The courts in the first district, viz : the parish, district, criminal and probate courts, are in session the whole year, excepting the months of July, August, September, arid October, in which months they hold special courts if neces- ,sary. I liysical Structure, There are three very distinct por tions in this state, as it regards soil and surface. 1. The north-eastern part, or the country lying cast of the Missis sippi and north of Ponchartrain, Maurepas, and Ibberville outlet, embracing the parishes of east and west Fdiciana, east Baton Rouge, Washington, St. Helena, and St. Tam many, is hilly, of a sandy soil, covered with pine, possess ing fine springs and a salubrious climate. The north western portion of the state is also generally elevated, some of it very much so. 2. The south-western part, in the Op elousas country, is covered with extensive prairies, of great fertility and generally level, or gently undulating. 3. The whole delta, or country lying between the Atchafalaya (Charfalio) outlet on the west, and the Ibberville outlet with its continuation in lakes Maurepas, Ponchartrain and Borgne, on the east, is a dead level, and excepting along the margins the numerous rivers and streams of a variable width of from a quarter of a mile to a mile and more, is chiefly continuous swamps, covered with cypress, swamp oak, gum, &c. This is the character of much of the coun try bordering the lower parts of the Red river, and the Ouachita, the Courtableau, and other streams. The whole southern line is a low marshy country, scarcely rising above the level of the ocean, and often over- 56 LOUISVILLE. flown by the tides. Rising in the most gradual manner, the north-western part even reaches the aspect of a moun tainous character. The coast is lined with low and sandy islands, separated from the main land by shallow bayous, or stagnant inlets, and covered with stinted live-oaks. Rivers* Mississippi, Red, Ouachita, Atehafalaya, Courtableau, Teche, La Fourche, Amite, &c. Productions. Sugar and rice are the principal, cotton, Indian corn, fruits of various sorts. Towns. New Orleans, Madisonvillc, St. Helena, Baton Rouge, St. Francisville, Franklin, St. Martinsville, Opelou- sas, Alexandria, Natchitochcs, &c. Internal Improvements. La Fourche Canal, extends from New Orleans to Berwicks Bay, entire length, inclu ding the natural navigation, 85 miles. L. Veret Canal, extends from a point on the La Fourche, to Lake Veret, about 8 miles in length. New Orleans and Pontcharlrain Canal, six miles in length, commences at the S. W. part of the city, and intersects Lake Pontchartrain, west of fort St. John. The New Orleans and Pontchartrain Rail Road, 5 miles long. Several unimportant canals exist in the neighbourhood of New Orleans and in the parishes border ing on the Mississippi, these have been constructed by in dividuals for private use. Louisville, K. (168), situated on the Ohio at the head of the falls ; is a place of considerable trade ; population at present, 17,000. The public buildings are a court house, market houses, eight or ten churches, high school, marine hospital, and several factories of iron, cotton, &.c. ROUTES FROM LOUISVILLE. To Lexington, by Stage. Middletown, 12 Shelbyville, 20 32 Frankfort, 21 53 Lexington, 24 77 To Nashville, Ten. by Stage. West Point, 21 Elizabethtown, 22 43 Coornbsville, 9 52 Munfordsville, 21 73 Glasgow, 19 93 LOUISVILLE. 57 Scottsville, 24 117 To Hopkinsville, by Stage. Gallatin, 20 137 West Point, 21 Nashville, 25 162 Philadelphia, 16 37 Hardinsburg, 22 59 To Indianapolis, by Stage. Hartford, 36 95 New Albany, 3 Greenville, 23 118 Greenville, 9 12 Hopkinsville, 27 145 Salem, 24 36 Valona, 19 55 To Lexington, by Stage. Brownstown, 3 53 Middletown, 12 Columbus, 25 83 Shelby ville, 20 32 Edinburg, 12 95 Frankfort, 21 53 Franklin, 10 105 Lees, 12 65 Indianapolis, 20 125 Lexington, 12 77 To Vincfnnes, by Stage. To Lexington, by Rail Road. New Albany, 3 Newcastle road, 30 Greenville, 9 12 Frankfort, 31 61 Fredericksburg, 15 27 Lees, 12 73 Paoli, 18 45 Lexington, 12 85 Mt. Pleasant, 25 70 _____ Washington, 18 88 Vincennes, 20 108 To Springfield, by Stage. Sheperdsville, 23 Bardstown, 18 41 To Cincinnati, by Stage. Fredericksburg, 10 51 Charleston, 13 Springfield, 8 59 Bethlehem, 13 26 New London, 8 34 To Pittsburg, by Steam Boat. Madison, 12 46 West Point, 23 Aurora, 31 77 Madison, 11 44 Lawrenceburg, 3 80 Port William, 13 57 Cincinnati, 23 103 Vevay, 10 67 Fredericksburg, 10 77 To Troy, by Stage. Lawrenceburg, 31 108 New Albany, 3 Cincinnati, 24 132 Corydon, 16 19 New Richmond, 21 153 Fredonia, 16 35 Point Pleasant, 5 158 Troy, 28 63 Augusta, 15 173 Mary s ville, 16 189 Portsmouth, 46 235 LOU MAINE. Burlington, 41 276 j Henderson, 11 199 Gallipolis, 41 317 Mt. Vernon, 22 221 Lctarts Rapids, 32 349 Carthage, 12 233 Belville, 30 379 Shawneetown, 19 252 Parkersburg, 17 396 Cave in Rock, 20 272 Marietta, 13 409 Cumberland R., 41 313 Wheeling, 89 490 Tennessee R., 11 324 Stcuhcnville, 21 511 America, 36 360 Pittsburg, 70 581 Mouth of Ohio, 11 371 New Madrid, 65 436 To New Orleans, by Steam Little Prairie, 30 466 Boat. Memphis, 119 585 Northampton, 42 Arkansas R., 172 757 Leaven worth, 17 59 Vicksburg, 284 1041 Stephen sport, 33 92 Natchez, 103 1144 Rockport, 53 145 St. Francisville, 139 1283 Owensburg, 8 153 Baton Rouge, 34 1317 Evansvillc, 35 188 New Orleans, 131 1448 Louisville, G. (271.) Louisburg, N. C. (216.) Louisa, K. (171.) Lovelace, Lou. (295.) Lower Canada, (12.) Lucas, N. C. (256.) Lumbcrton, N. C. (255.) Lumpkin,G. (285.) Lynchburg, Va. (195.) Lynhaven Bay, Va. (198.) Lower Marlboro, Md. (1 77.) Lyons, N. Y. (57.) M. Machias, Me. (42.) Mackeysvillc, N. C. (232.) Macon,G. (287.) Madison, II. (164.) Madison, Ind. (168.) Madison, Va. (175.) Madison, T. (229.) Madison, G. (270.) Madisonville, K. (187.) Madisonville, T. (330.) Madisonville, Lou. (309. Maine, state of, (18,) is divided into ten counties, and had, in 1830, a population of 399,462. Area, 38,250 square miles; capital, Augusta; metropolis, Portland; lat. 43 39 N. long. 6 39 E. General elections, second Monday in September ; legislature meet first Wednesday in Jan* uary ; constitution formed, 1819. Government. The governor is elected annually by the people, salary, $1,500 ; seven counsellors also elected an- MAINE. 59 nually. The legislative power is vested in a "General Assembly," consisting of a senate and house of representa tives, members of both elected annually by the people. Judiciary. Supreme court consists of a chief justice, who receives a salary of $1,800, and two associate judges, salary 1,500 each. Court of common pleas, a chief justice and two associate justices, each receives $1,200 per an- num. Physical Structure. The north-western border of this state consists of a series of steps or escarpments which fol low each other in such rapid succession, as in some places to attain an elevation of nearly ^000 feet in the space of a tew miles. This elevation continues with slights inter ruptions along the entire line from the sources of the Con necticut to its termination in the north-east angle of the state. From these data it will be perceived that the coun try, forms an inclined plane, having the atluntic coast for its limit towards the south-east. This plane, however, is much broken by high hills and insulated mountain peaks ; examples are presented by Bald Ridge mountain, a spur from the main ridge ; Mt. Bigelow, Saddleback, Katawdin, and others ; some of these peaks are of great height, espe cially the one last mentioned. The state may be divided into three grand sections ; the atlantic section is compara tively level, being much intersected by lakes and other in dications of a flat surface ; the second or middle section is hilly, and the third, or north-western part, is decidedly mountainous. Rivers. Androscoggin, Kcnncbcck, Pcnobscot, St. Croix, St. Johns, Madawaska, Walloostook, &c. Productions. Lumber, fish, pot and pearl ashes, small grain, provisions, &c. Towns. Portland, the metropolis ; Augusta, the capital ; York, Paris, Wiscasset, Bath, Halle-well, Castine, Belfast, Banger, Maehias, Ea^tport, &c. &c. Internal Improvements. Cumberland and Oxford Canal, extends from Portland to Sebago Pond, 20^ miles, whence, by a lock in Songo river, the navigation is extended into and through Brandy and Long Ponds, a further distance of 30 miles. Middlesex Canal) sec Massachusetts, (85.) 60 MARYLAND. Muscle Shoals Canal, see Alabama, (217.) Montague Canal, see Massa chusetts, (84.) Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road, see N. York, (83.) Miami Canal, see O. (148.) Mauch Chunk Rail Road, see Penn. (133.) Mount Carbon Rail Road, see Penn. (132.) Mill Creek Rail Road, see Penn. (132.) Morris Canal, see N. Jersey, (134.) Manasquan Canal, see New Jersey, (158.) Monongahela Navigation, see Virginia, (152.) Manchester Rail Road, see Virginia, (197.) Malone, N. Y. (35.) Manaks, Ala. (284.) Manahawken, N. J. (158.) Manchester, Vt. (60.) Manchester, S. C. (273.) Manchester, K. (191.) Manlius,N. Y. (58.) Mansfield, O. (126.) Mansfield, N. J. (134.) Mine Hill Rail Road, see Pa. (132.) Mansfield, V a . (196.) Mantua, O. (101.) Mararnic, Mo. (183.) MararnicR., Mo. (162.) Marathon, Ala. (247.) Marengo, Ala. (2o3.) Mariaville, Me. (41.) Marietta, O. (151.) Marion, lud. (123.) Marion, O. (125.) Marion, Mo. (161.) Marion, Ala. (283.) Marion, G. (287.) Marion C. H., S. C. (255.) Marksville, Lou. (294.) Marshville, Va. (152.) Marshallsville, Va. (216.) Marthas Vineyard, Mass. (112.) Marthasville, Mo. (163.) Martinsburg, N. Y. (58.) Martinsburg, P. (130.) Martinsburg, Ind. (146.) Martinsburg, Va. (154.) Martin ville.N.C. (215.) Martinsville, Va. (215.) Martins, N. C. (213.) Martins, N.C. (214.) Marysville, O. (125.) Marysville, K. (16.9.) Marysville, T. (230.) Maryville, Va. (196.) Maryland, state of, (153,) is divided into 19 counties, and contained in 1830, 447,040 inhabitants, including 102,994 slaves; area, 11,150 square miles; capital, Annapolis; metropolis, Baltimore; lat. 39 18 N. ; long. 26 E. General election, first Monday in October for delegates, third Monday in September, every fifth year, lor electors of senators. Legislature meets, first Monday in December, Constitution formed, 1776. MARYLAND. 61 Government. Governor elected by the General Assem bly, term of office, one year, salary, $2666. Executive council, consisting of five members, chosen annually by the General Assembly on the first Tuesday in January. Sen ate, consisting of 15 members, and house of delegates, 80 members, called the General Assembly, meet on the last Monday in December at Annapolis, pay of member $4 a day, of the speakers, $5, each. Members of the senate, are elected every fifth year by electors chosen by the people, on the first Monday of September. The members of the house of delegates are elected annually by the people, on the first Monday of October. Judiciary. Chancery court, chancellor $3,600 per an num. Court of appeals, chief judge and four associate judges, who receive a salary of $2,200 each, and one for the city of Baltimore, who receives $3,000 per annum. Balti more court, one chief judge, and associate judges ; salary of the former $2,400, of the two latter, 1,500 each. Physical Structure. Eastern section, bordering on the Atlantic ocean and eastern shore of Chesapeake bay, level ; centre, hilly, gradually, increasing in elevation, until it meets the western section of the state, which presents little else than a succession of mountain ridges, extending from the Monocacy to the western limits of the state. The Back Bone mountain, so called, the main ridge of the Alleghe- neys, has a mean altitude of about 2,500 feet, and is the divid ing ridge between the waters of the Atlantic and those run ning into the Ohio. Rivers. Potomac, Patuxent, Patapsco, Susquehanna, Elk, Chester, Choptank, Nantikoke, &c. Productions. Tobacco, wheat, some cotton, flax, hemp, &c. &c. Towns. Baltimore, Annapolis, Frederick, Hagerstown, Rockville, Port Tobacco, Upper Marlboro, and on the east ern shore, Elkton, Chester, Centreville, Easton, Cam bridge, &c. Internal Improvements. Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, extends from Georgetown to Pittsburg, length as proposed, 311 J miles. A canal 9 miles long, leading from Alexan dria to intersect the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, at George- 6 62 MASSACHUSETTS. town is now constructing. (See District of Columbia.) Port Deposit Canal, is designed to overcome the rapids of the Susquehanna, above Port Deposit, length nearly 10 ms. Canal at Little Falls of Potomac, 2% ms. long. Canal at Great Falls, built of stone, 1^00 yards long. Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road, extends from Baltimore to the Point of Rocks on the Potomac, 67 5-8 ms. from Baltimore. This road is to be continued to the Ohio river. A road of a single track extends from the main line to Frederick, 3^ rns. Bal timore and Susquehanna Rail Road, commenced in 1830, is to extend to York, Pa. ; length, when completed, 76 ms. An other rail road is projected, to extend from Baltimore to the Susquehanna at Port Deposit, and thence to unite with the Oxford Rail Road of Pa., which intersects the Colum bia Rail Roud, about 40 ms. from Philadelphia. Baltimore and Washington Rail Road, length 37 3-4 miles; this work is now completed. Mason s N. C. (233.) Maysville, Va. (196.) Massachusetts, state of, (83,) is divided into 14 counties. Population in 1830, 610,014. Area, 8750 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Boston, Lat. 42 22 N. Long. 5 57 E. General election for governor and senators, first Monday in April; for representatives, in May. Legislature meet, fourth Tuesday in October. Constitution formed, 1780. Government. Governor, term of office, one year, salary $3,666 67. Lieutenant Governor $533 33. Secretary of com monwealth, and state treasury, each $^,000; adjutant general, $1,500, who are chosen by joint ballot, from the senators, and nine counsellors; each holds his office for one year. Legislature, styled the General Court, is composed of a Senate snd House of Representatives. Members of the senate are elected annually on the first Monday in April ; the representatives are elected annually in May. Judiciary. The judiciary power is vested in a Supreme Court, and a Court of Common Pleas, and such others as the General Court may establish. The judges are appoint ed by the governor and senate, and hold their offices during good behaviour. Physical Structure. The eastern part of the state is generally level, with occasionally an isolated hill. In the central part, between Worcester and the valley of the Con- MASSACHUSETTS. 63 necticut, those hills occur at frequent intervals, until pass ing to the westward, the lands increase in elevation, and assume the aspect of a mountain region. The mean elevation of Berkshire, the extreme western county of the state, is not less than 1000 feet above tide. This portion is studded with innumerable hills and moun tain peaks, some of which rise to a height of 3000 feet above their bases. Rivers. Housatonic, Connecticut, Pawtucket, Charles, Merrimack, &c. Productions. Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats barley, peas, beans, flaxseed, &c. To was. Boston, the capital; Salem, Newburyport, Low- ell, Worcester, Springfield, Northampton, Greenfield, Pitts- field, and many extensive towns and villages. Internal Improvements. Middlesex Canal, extends from Boston to Chelmsford. Length 27 miles. Pawtucket Ca nal, in the town of Lowell, is used both for navigation and for manufacturing purposes, length li miles. Blackstone Canal, extends from Providence, R. I., to Worcester, Mass, length, 45 miles. Hampshire and Hampden Canal, see Connecticut. Montague Canal, near the Montague falls in Connecticut river, 3 miles long. South Hadley Canal, around the S. H. falls in the Connecticut, length 2 miles. Worcester Rail Road, 43 miles in length. It is proposed to continue this road to the Connecticut, and to construct a branch to Milberry. Boston and Providence Rail Road, length, 43 miles. Boston and Lowell Rail Road, length 25 miles, now in progress. Quincy Rail Road, used for trans porting granite from the quarry in Quiricy to Neponsct river, length 3 miles, branches 1 mile. Massacre I,, Ala. (311.) M Minnville, T. (229.) Mathews C. H., Va. (198.) M Kinstry, S. C. (254.) Mauch Chunk, P. (133.) M Catteums, S. C. (254.) Maumee, O. (99.) M Gees, Miss. (265.) Maumee R., O. (98.) M Conns Bluff, Ala. (266.) M Connelsville, O. (151 .) M Clair, Miss. (280.) M Connelstown, P. (154.) M Intoshs, (G.) (286.) M Leansboro, II. ( 1 65.) M Intosh C. H., G. (305.) M Neilles, N. C. (235.) M Daniels, Lou. (307.) 64 MEA MICHIGAN. Meadville, P. (102.) Mercersburg, P. (154.) Mechanicsville, S. C. (255.) Meridianville, Ala. (248.) Medina, O. (100.) Merritteville, S. C. (232.) Medway, Me. (85.) Metcalf boro, T. (229.) Meigsville, O. (151.) Mexico, Mo. (162.) Memphis, T. (224.) Micanopy, F. (329.) Meredith, N. Y. (82.) Miccoton, F. (316.) Mercer, P. (102.) Michigan Territory, (22,) is divided into 40 counties, in cluding those in the district of Huron, or Wisconsin. Pop ulation in 1830, 31,639. Area, 158,975 square miles. Cap ital and metropolis, Detroit, _Lat. 42 20 N.; Long. 60 10 W. The executive and judicial officers are chosen by the president and senate of the United States. Government. Governor, appointed by the president salary, $2,000 ; secretary, do. salary, $1,000. The legisla tive couucil is elected by the people ; they continue in office two years. Their present number is 13. Judiciary. There are four judges, who hold courts in the several counties salary of each, $1,200. They are ap pointed by the president with the consent of the senate. In 1820, the population of Michigan, including the Hu ron District, was 8856; in 1830, including the same dis trict, it was 31,639. But exclusive of Huron, the peninsula of Michigan, to which the name of Michigan is commonly confined, contained in 1830, 27,378 inhabitants. The num ber is now not short of 40,000 ; and is rapidly increasing by reason of the great tide of emigration which has been setting into that territory during the last two years. Physical Structure. The southern part of this territory is very level, or gently undulating. The northern part is more uneven. Along the shore of Huron there are, in pla ces, very high bluffs ; and along the east shore of Lake Michigan, are in many places, immense hills of pure sand of from fifty to several hundred feet in height, which have been blown up by the almost constant western winds, sweeping over the lake and the sandy margin on its east. ern side. Rivers. Maumee, Raisin, Huron, Clinton, Black, Sag- MIC MISSISSIPPI. 65 inaw, Traverse, Monistic, White, Maskegon, Kallemazoo, St. Josephs, &,c. Productions. Corn, wheat, rye, buckwheat; potatoes, and every variety of similar vegetables, grow here in great abundance. Towns. Detroit, Monroe, Frenchtown, Erownstown, Pontiac, Ann Arbour, Byron, Montcahn, Niles, Newbury- port, Saginaw, Mackinaw, &c. Michigan, Ind. (96.) Milford, P. (108.) Middle T., Mich. (71.) Milledgeville, capital of Middle T., N. J. (134.) Geo. (270.) Middle T., O. (148.) Millers T., P. (131.) Middle T., O. (149.) Millgrove, S. C. (274.) Middle T., Pa. (1 32.) Millhaven, G. (289.) Middle T , K. (166.) Millheim, Pa, (131.) Middletown, N. Y. (82.) Mills, Va. (175.) Middle-town, Con. (110.) Millvillc, N. J. (158.) Middletown, Va. (154.) Millers, Ala. (248.) Middleton, Pa. (128.) Milton, Vt. (36.) Middlebury, Vt. (60.) Milton, N. H. (62.) Middleburn, Va. (152.) Milton, P. (106.) Middleboro, Mass. (112.) Mineral point, Mich. (67.) Mifflin, Pa. (131.) Mines, lead, Mo. (184.) Mikasukie, F. (316.) Miriam, Ind. (145.) 10 Mile river, N. Y. (108.) Mississippi R., (92.) Milford, D. (178.) Mississippi, state of, (243,) is divided into 42 counties. Population, 1830, 136,621, including 65,659 slaves. Area 47,680 square miles. Capital, Jackson, metropolis, Natchez, Lat. 31 35 N. Long. 14 33 E. General election, first Monday in August. Legislature meets, first Monday in November. Constitution Ibrmed, 1817. Government. The governor is elected for two years salary $2,500 per annum. The secretary of state, treasurer, and auditor receives each $1,200 per annum, and the attor ney-general $1000. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, styled The General Assembly of the state of 6* 66 MISSISSIPPI. Mississippi. The members of the senate are elected for three years, and the representatives annually. The num ber of the representatives cannot be less than 37, nor more than 100, as soon as the free population shall amount to 80,000. The senate cannot consist of less than one fourth, nor more than one third, as many as there are representa tives. The general election for the state takes place on the first Monday and Tuesday of August. The General As sembly meets (at Jackson) annually on the first Monday in November. Judiciary. The Court of Chancery. Chancellor s sal ary $2,000. The supreme court consists of a chief justice and five associate judges the salary of each $2,000. The state is divided into six districts, in which the judges of the su preme court severally hold circuit courts. These courts have original jurisdiction in cases where the sum in dispute exceeds $50 ; and appellate jurisdiction from the courts of justices of the peace, where the sum exceeds $20. They have also criminal jurisdiction. The county of Adams has a separate criminal court, whose jurisdiction however, does not supersede that of the circuit court. Every organized county has a probate court, and a coun ty court held by three judges, of which the probate judge is the presiding justice. This court takes cognizance of of fences committed by slaves, &c. The judges hold their offices during good behaviour, but not beyond the age of 65 years. Imprisonment for debt is not allowed in this state, except in cases of a debtor who fraudulently withholds his property from his creditors. Physical Structure. Along the Mississippi river, at va rious distances, there is a line of bluffs, of from 50 to 150 feet in height. The portions which are contiguous to the river, are called by different names, such as Walnut Hills, Grand Gulf-bluffs, Natchez Bluffs, White Cliffs, and Lof- tus Heights, &c. The country beyond these bluffs spreads out into a high, beautiful and fertile table-land, gently undulating and pro ductive. MISSISSIPPI. MISSOURI. 67 Beyond the fertile belt of land, there stretches from south to north, and reaches eastward to the Alabama line, an extensive district of country, of various soils, but pos sessing much that is alluvial and fertile. The southern, middle, and northern parts of this state, may be said to be beautifully undulating, with numerous ravines and streams. In its natural state, in which almost the entire state still is, it was covered with a vast forest of oak, hickory, mag- nolia, sweet guru, ash, maple, yellow poplar ; cypress in the swampy alluvial Mississippi bottoms, pine, holly, &,c. &c., with a great variety of underwood, grape vines, pawpaw, spice wood, &c. Rivers. Mississippi, Yazno, Tombeckbee, Yellowbusha, Buffalo, Big Black, Bayou Pierre, Homochitte, Amite, Pearl, Pascagoula, &c. Productions. Cotton, tobacco, corn, sugar, the orange, fig, and fruits are abundant. Towns. Jackson, the capital, Natchez, Monticello, Port Gibson, Shieldsboro, Greenville, Winchester, Washington, Vicksburg, Warrenton, &c. Internal Improvement. St. Francisville and Woodville Rail Road, 26 miles in length. Vicksburg and Clinton Rail Road, length 37 miles (proposed.) Missisinevva, Ind. (123.) Missouri, state of, (115), is divided into 54 counties, and had, in 1830 a population of 140,455, including 25,091 slaves. Area, 65,500 square miles; capital, Jefferson; metropolis, St. Louis; lat. 38 37 N., long. 13 J4 E.; general election, first Monday in August, biennially; legislature meet, first Monday in November, every second year ; constitution formed, 1820. Government. Governor, term of office four years salary $1,500 per annum. Lieutenant governor is presi dent of the senate. Legislature. The legislative power is vested in a Gene- ral Assembly, consisting of a senate and a house of repre sentatives. The members of the former body are elected 68 MISSOURI. for four years ; the members of the latter, for two years. Every county is entitled to one representative ; but the whole number can never exceed 100 members. The senators are chosen by districts. The constitutional num ber is not less than 14 nor more than 33. The present number of senators is 18 and of representatives 49. The elections for senators and representatives are held biennially, and for governor, and lieutenant governor, once in four years, on the first Monday in August. The legislature meets every second year (at the city of Jefferson,) on the first Monday in November. Judiciary. The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, circuit courts, and such other inferior tribunals as the general assembly may, from time to time, establish. The judges are appointed by the governor, by and with the consent of the senate ; and they hold their offices during good behaviour, but not beyond the age of 65 years. The supreme court consists of a presiding judge and two associate judges ; the salary of each $1,100 per an num. There are five circuit courts and as many judges. The salary of each is $1,000 per annum. Physical Structure. The surface of this state is greatly diversified. The alluvial bottoms are level. In the middle part rises a hilly region, extending from St. Genevieve south-westward into Arkansas, and is the commence- naent .of the Ozurk Mountains of that territory. The northern part is undulating, but no where approaching what may, with propriety, be called mountainous. Ex tensive prairies stretch out in the western and northern parts of this state. Even the St. Genevieve hills are marked with this character, and have the appearance, in places, of extensive uncultivated fields. The mine region, which lies about 70 milts south west of St. Louis, is hilly, and a considerable portion of the state lying south of the Missouri and Osage rivers, is of the same character, and is in many places, marked with flint knobs of considerable elevation. The country between the Mississippi and Mis souri rivers is delightfully undulating and variagated. The MISSOURI. MOBILE. 09 prairies, which are of variable widths, are generally fertile The Mississippi is skirted with many rich alluvial prairies, as well as extensive tracts of heavily timbered land. Rivers. Mississippi, Missouri, Osagc, Meramcc, St. Francis, White, &e. Towns. Jefferson, the capital ; St. Louis, New Madrid, Perryville, St. Genevieve, Alexandria, New London, Pal- inyra, Hannibal, Wyaconda, St. Charles, Florissant, Frank lin, Boonevillc, Chariton, &c. Productions. Corn, wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat, to- bacco, hemp, cotton, and garden vegetables in great variety. The forests consist of the oak, black and white walnut, yellow poplar, ash, elm, hackberry, hickory, sugar-tree, cypress, yellow pine, cedar, &/c. Missouri R., (139.) Missouri, (163.) Missouriton, (139.) r Mobile, Ala. (311,) the seat of justice for Mobile county, has a population of about 4,000 ; several handsome churches, cathedral, &c., and is a place of considerable trade. ROUTES FROM MOBILE. To Neio Orleans. Leakesville, 11 59 Springhill, by stage, 6 Portcrsville, 24 30 To Tuscaloosa, by Stage. (Thence to New Orleans Florida, 31 by steam boat and rail Dumfries, 15 46 road, 123 miles.) St. Stephens, 24 70 Clarksville, 14 84 To Montgomery, by Stage. Chocktawcorner, 28 112 Taitsville, 35 Whitehall, 40 152 Burnt Corn, 52 87 Greensboro, 25 177 Fort Dale, 45 132 Tuscaloosa, 31 208 Montgomery, 48 180 To Tuscaloosa, by Steam To Leakesville, by Stage. Boat. Escatappa R., 28 Fort Stoddart, 47 Chickasawhay R., 20 48 Dumfries, 15 62 70 MONTREAL. St. Stephens, 31 93 Washington, 16 29 1 Coffeeville, 18 111 Montgomery, 10 301 Demopolis, 87 198 Erie, 30 228 To Pensacola, by Steam Tuscaloosa, 57 285 Boat. Dog R., 10 To Montgomery, by Steam Fowl R., 6 16 Boat. Fort Bowyer, 18 34 Tombeckbe R., 51 Perdido R., 30 64 Fort Miinms, 8 59 Barancas, 15 79 Claiborne, 45 104 Pensacola, 10 89 Black Bluff, 26 130 Canton, 50 180 To Pensacola, by Stage, Sfc. Portland, 14 194 Blakely, by Steam B. 11 Cahawba, 22 216 Bellefontaine, by Selma, 15 231 Stage, 26 37 Vernon, 44 275 Pensacola, 37 74 Mobile Bay, Ala. (31 1 .) Mobile Pt., Ala. (312.) Mohawk Indians, L. C. (32.) Monks Corner, N. C. (273.) Monroe, Mich. (99.) Monroe, O. (100.) Monroe, G. (-270.) Monroe, T. (209.) Montaug Pt, N. Y.(lll.) Montcalm, Mich. (72.) Montezuma, N. Y. (57.) Montezuma, Ala. (300.) Montcvalo, Ala. (267.) Montgomery, N. Y. (108.) Montgomery, T. (210.) Montgomery, Ala. (284.) Monticello, N. Y. (108.) Monticello, K. (210.) Monticello, G. (270.) Monticello, Miss. (296.) Monticello, Ala. (301.) Monticello, F. (316.) Montpelier, capital of Ver mont, (37.) Montpelier, Ala. (312.) Montreal, L. C. (15,) the most populous city in British America ; by the census of 1825 it contained 24,787 in habitants, this number has greatly increased since that time, and now probably amounts to 30,000. The chief objects of interest in and about Montreal, are "the moun tain," new cathedral, catholic college, the barracks, hospital, baths, &c., in St. Paul s street, masonic hall, theatre, Nel- MONTREAL. 71 son s monument, convents, seminary of St. Sulpice and seve ral churches, public walks, &c. (See map of Montreal.) ROUTES FROM MONTREAL. To Quebec by Steam Boat, To Boston, by Stage, via (the distances by land are Burlington, Vt. nearly the. same.) St. Johns, 25 St. Sulpice by Stage, 27 Phillipsburg, 23 48 La Valtrie, 5 32 St. Albans, 16 64 La Noraye, 10 42 Milton, 13 77 William Henry, 11 53 Burlington, 12 89 Three Rivers, 43 96 Richmond, 14 103 Gentilly, 14 110 Montpelier, 26 129 St. Anne, 15 125 Chelsea, 24 153 Pt. aux Trembles, 38 163 Dartmouth Col. 25 178 Quebec, 17 180 Shaker s Vil. 11 189 Andover, 22 211 To Albany by Steam Boat. Concord, N. H. 24 235 and Stage. Hook set Falls, 8 243 La Prairie, by Stage, 8 Londonderry, 19 262 f St. Johns, 17 25 Andover, 20 282 I Isle au Noix, 9 34 Boston, 21 303 Chazy, 15 49 ~ 1 Plattsburg, 14 63 To the Falls of Niagara, by o | S. Hero, 8 71 Steam Boat, Sfc. *> Burlington, 9 80 La Chine, 8 1 Essex, 15 95 Cascades, 16 24 ~ Bason Harbor, 9 104 Les Cedres, 7 31 Crown Pt. 12 116 Coteau du Lac, 7 38 Ticonderoga, 14 130 Lake St. Francis, 4 42 Whitehall, 23 153 Head of ditto. 22 64 f Fort Ann, 14 167 Cornwall, 6 70 Sandy Hill, 9 176 Long Saut I. 10 80 gj Fort Miller, 11 187 Chrysler s field, 17 97 3 ] Still water, 18 205 Hamilton, 1 98 w Troy, 14 219 Prescot, 18 116 .Albany, 6 225 Elizabethtown, 14 130 Kingston, 48 178 Oswego, 59 236 MON NAS Coburg, Port Hope, Toronto (York), 74 310 36 346 66 412 Niagara Vil. Queenston, Falls of Niagara, 30 442 7 449 6 455 Montrose, Pa. (K 7.) Morristown, N. J. (134.) Mooneys, Ark. (243.) Moore, N. C. (256.) Moorfield, O. (127.) Moorfields, Va. (153.) Moosehead Lake, Me. (19.) Moscow, Mo. (162.) Moosetocrnaguntic Lake. Me. (39.) Moundville, Mich. (44.) Mount Holly, N. J. (158.) Mount Jolict, II. (94.) M Coy, Mich. (48.) Mt. Clemen, Mich. (74.) Mt. Desert, Id. Me. (41.) Mt. Maria, Pa. (107.) Mt. Pleasant, K. (211.) Mt. Oarmel, II. (166.) Mt. Sterling, K. (170.) Mt. Salus, Miss. (280.) Mt.Vcrnon, Me. (39.) Mt. Vernon, O. (126.) Mt. Vernon, 11. (165.) Mt. Vernon, Va. ( 176.) Mt. Vernon, K. (190.) Moscow, Mo. (163.) Mullins Ford, G. (251.) Munfbrdsville, K. (189.) Monroe, Lou. (278.) Munrows, N. C. (235.) Munsee, T., In. (123.) Murfrcesboro, T. (228.) Murcellas,G. (305.) Murphy, N. C. (215.) IVIuskingum R., O. (127.) Miamisport, Intl. (123.) Miami K, O. (148.) Maysville, K. (170.) Maysville,Va. (196.) Morgan, N. C. (256.) Morganfield, K. (187.) Morgantown, Va. (152.) Morgantown, K. (188.) Morganton, N. C. (233.) Morganville, Va. (196.) Moulton, Ala. (247.) N. Nacogdoches, (292.) Nantucket, Mass. (112.) Nantucket I., Mass. (112) Natches, Miss. (295.) Natchitoches, Lou. (293) Natural Bridge, Va. (195.) Natural Bridge, Va. (212.) Natural Bridge, F. (314.) Nashville, T. (208.) The capital and most important town in Tennessee, was founded in 1784, and is a remark ably beautiful city. Population about 8,000. The public buildings arc : a court-house, market-house, college, aca demy, baptist, presbyterian and episcopalian churches, NASHVILLE. 73 penitentiary, water-works, by which the city is supplied with water from the Cumberland, &c. ROUTES FROM NASHVILLE. To Florence, AL. by Stage. TJ Lexington, K. by Stage. Franklin, 18 Haysboro, 6 Coliiinbm, 23 41 Franklin, K. 23 35 Mt. Pleasant, 11 52 Bowlinggreen, 22 57 Lawrenceburg, 22 74 Monroe, 51 108 Florence, 41 115 New Mirket, 31 133 Harrodsburg, 34 \T\ To Memphis, by Stage. Lexington, 29 202 Charlotte, 3 J Reynoldsburg, 39 78 To New Orleans, by Steam Huntingdon, 2D 107 Boat. Jackson, 38 145 Hillsboro, 20 Bolivar, 28 173 Clarkesville, 49 69 Sommerville, 24 197 Palmyra, 6 75 Memphis, 43 240 Dover, 32 107 Eddyville, 55 162 To Knozville, by Stage. Ohio River, 41 203 Lebanon, 28 America, 47 250 Alexandria, 18 46 Memphis, 225 475 Liberty, 8 54 Vicksburg, 456 !)3l Sjarta, 32 86 Natchez, 103 1034 Crab Orchard, 38 124 New Orleans 304 1338 Kingston, 23 141 Loveville, 23 167 To Louisville, by Steam Knoxville, 14 181 Boat. Ohio River, as above, 203 To Huntsvitle, bij Stage. Rock Haven, 34 237 Nolensville, 17 Shawneetown, 27 264 Gidecmville, 21 38 Carthage, 19 283 Farmiugton, 12 50 Mt. Vernon, 12 2J5 Fayetteville, 27 77 Henderson ville, 27 317 Haz3l Green, 17 94 Rock port, 5i 371 Huntsville, 12 106 Laavenworth, 88 457 Louisville, 59 516 74 NEW HAMPSHIRE. New Orleans and Lake Pontchartrain Canal, see Louisiana, (309.) New Orleans and Pontchar- train Rail Road, see Lou isiana, (309.) North West Canal, see N. Carolina, (218.) Newcastle and Frenchtown, Rail Road, see Delaware, (157.) New Jersey Rail Road, see New Jersey, (,134.) Nash C. H.,N.C. (236.) Nashua, N. H. (85.) Nauyaucau, Ala. (268.) Nelson, K. (169.) Nelson s Ferry, S. C. (273.) Neuson, S. C. (255.) Neuse River, N. C. (236.) New Alexandria, P. (129.) Newark, O. (126.) Newark, N. J. (134.) New Berlin, Pa. (131.) New Berlin, N. Y. (81.) New Bedford Mass. (112.) Newberne, N. C. (237.) New berry, S. C, (253.) Newburn, Va, (194.) Newburg, N. Y. (108.) Ncwburyport, Mass. (86) Newburyport, Mieh. (70.) New CaslIe,Pa. (102.) NewCastle, Ind. (147.) New Castle, K. ( 1 68.) New Castle, D. (157.) New Columbia, Miss. (297.) Newcomers O. (127.) N. Geneva, Pa. (153.) New Hampshire (62,) is divided into eight counties. Population, in 1830, 269,533. Area, 9,200 square miles. Capital, Concord. Metropolis, Portsmouth, lat. 43 04 N. long. 6 11 E. General election, second Wednesday in March. Legislature meet, first Wednesday in June. Con- stitution formed, 1792. Government. Governor, salary, $1,200. Five counsel lors, all elected annual! v. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, called, jointly, The General Court. The members of both are elected annually by the people, on the second Tuesday in March. Judiciary. Supreme court, consists of one chief justice, salary $1400, and two associate judges, $1200 each. Court of common pleas, chief justice $1200, and associates $1000 each. Physical Structure. Within twenty or twenty-five miles of the coast, the land is nearly level. In the central part of the state it becomes hilly, with an occasional moun tain peak or spur, from the elevated region in the north. All above is mountainous, having the White Hills, Moose- NEW HAVEN. } hillock, Monadnuc, Kearsarge, Sunapee, Ossipee, and other mountains, which impart to the entire north half of the state, a rugged and broken aspect. Rivers. Connecticut, Merrimac, Androscoggin, Saco, Piscataqua, &c. Towns. Concord, Portsmouth, Piscataqua, Exeter, Do ver, Meredith, Amherst, Keene, Charleston, Claremont, Haverhill, Plymouth, Lebanon, &c. Productions. Wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, flax, slock, provisions, &c. Internal Improvements. Bow Canal, near Concord, around Bow falls, three quarters of a rnile long. Hookset Canal, at the Hookset fall of Merriinac, 825 feet in length. Amoskeig Canal, at the falls of Amoskeigin the Merrirnac. Union Canal, passes seven falls in the Merriinac; length, including pools, nine miles. New Haven, O. (100.) New Haven, C. (110,) one of the capitals of the state of Connecticut. Population, 10,180. On a large open square in the centre of the town, stands the public buildings, state- house, Yale college, and several very handsome churches. The other places worthy of attention, are, the observatory, museum, alms-house, and various factories, and the ceme tery. ROUTES FROM NEW HAVEN. To New York by Stage. To New York by Steam Milford, 11 Boat. Stratford, 5 16 Black Rock, 23 Black Rock, 6 22 Southport 5 28 South port, 5 27 Oldwell, 8 36 Saugatuck, 4 31 Stamford Harb. 8 44 Norwalk, 4 35 West Greenwich, 8 52 Stamford, 9 44 New York, 35 87 West Greenwich, 7 51 ._. . Rye, 4 55 To Providence, by Steam Mamaronec, 6 61 Boat. W. Chester, 8 69 Faulkners Island, 16 New York, 15 84 1 Connecticut River, 1!) 35 _ New London Harb. 14 49 76 NEW HAVEN. NEW JERSEY. (thence to N. London To Hartford, by Stage. 4 miles.) North Haven, 5 Point Judith, 35 84 Wallingford, 9 14 Newport, 14 its Meriden, 4 18 Pawtuxet, 20 118 Worthington, 6 24 Providence, 5 123 Newinglon, 6 cO Ilartibrd, 6 36 To Danbury, by Stage. Derby, 10 To Hartford via Middle. Housatonic Ferry New Strafford, , 3 4 13 17 town. North ford, 10 Newton, 8 25 Durham, 8 18 Danbury, 9 34 Middlctown, 7 25 Stepney, 8 33 To Granby, by Canal. Hartford, 8 41 East Plains, 6 Hamden, 2 8 To Newport, by Stage. Cheshire, 8 16 Bran ford, 8 Southinglon, 6 22 Guilford, 10 18 Farmington, 11 33 E. Guilford, 4 22 Northington, 7 40 VVestbrook, 9 31 Sirnshury, 7 47 Connecticut R., 6 37 Granby, 5 52 New London, 17 54 Mystic, 8 62 Newport, 39 101 New Hope, Pa. (134.) New Ipswich, N. H. (85.) Ncwlnlet, N.C. (239.) New Iberia, Lou. (322.) New Jersey, state of, (134,) is divided into 14 counties. Population in 1830, 220,779, including 2,446 slaves. Area, 7,500 square miles. Capital Trenton ; rnetropoiis, New ark, bt. 40 44 N. long. 2 45 E. General election, se cond Tuesday in October. Legislature meets, fourth Tuesday in October. Constitution formed, 1776. Government. Governor, chosen annually, by a joint vote of the council and assembly ; salary $2,0(10 per annum ; he is president of the council. The governor, in conjunction with the council, form a court of appeals. Legislature is composed of a legislative council, consisting of 14 members, NEW JERSEY. 77 and general assembly 50 members ; the members of both houses are elected annually. Judiciary. Supreme court, eomposed of a chief justice, salary $1iJOO per annum, and two associate judges, $1,100 per annum each. The judges are appointed by the legisla ture ; those of the supreme court for a term of seven years, and those of the inferior courts for five years. Physical Structure. All that part of the state which lies south of a line extending from Bordentown to Amboy, is level, partly composed of sea-sand, which is entirely desti tute of vegetation. Immediately north of this line, an im provement in the surface and general character of the soil becomes visible; hills appear in rapid succession, forming steps up to the elevated region in Morris and Sussex coun ties. These, and the adjoining counties, are much broken by the ridges of the Allegheny mountains, which intersect this part of the state, ranging in a direction from north-east to south-west. Rivers. Delaware, Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, Millstone, Hackensack, Schencks, G. Egg Harbor, L. Egg Harbor, Maurice, Rancocus, .Musconecung, Pawling?, &c. Productions. Wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat, &c. Towns. Newark, Patcrson, New Brunswick, Trenton., Elizabethtown, Belvedere, Bridgetown, Salem, Camden, Mount Holly, Perth Amboy, Morristown, &c. Internal Improvements. Delaware and Raritan Canal, commences at Bordentown, and extends through Trenton, and along the valleys of the Millstone and Raritan, to New Brunswick. Length 43 miles. A navigable feeder, 24 miles long, has been constructed along the east ban-k of tho Delaware, intersecting the renin trunk in the city of Tren ton. Morris Canal, commences at Jersey City, opposite New York, and terminates on the Delaware at Phillips- burg, opposite Easton. Length 101 miles. Salem Canal, extends from Salem creek to the Delaware. Length four miles. Manasquam and Bnrnegat Canal (proposed). Washington Canal, cuts off a considerable bend in Mano- lapan creek, and lessens the distance from Washington to the Raritan river. Length one mile. Camden and Am boy Rail Road, commences at Camden, opposite Philudel- 78 NEW ORLEANS. phia, and terminates at South Amboy. Length 61 miles. Paterson and Hudson River Roil Rood, from Jersey city opposite New York to Paterson, on the Passiac. Length 36 30-100 miles. It is proposed to extend this road to the Morris canal. New Jersey Rail Road, commences on the last mentioned rail road, about two miles from Jersey City and terminates at New Brunswick, length 28 miles. New Milford, Con. (109.) Newmarket, Va. (175.) New Madrid, Mo. (205.) New Mexico, Miss. (279.) New Portland, M. (39.) New Richmond, O. (150.) New Echota, G. (249.) New London, Con. (110.) New London, Mo. (141.) New Lexington, Ind. (1G8.) New Lisbon, O. (128.) New Lebanon, N. C. (218.) New Orleans, L. (324.) The great commercial emporcum of the Mississippi valley, was founded in 1719, and has about 60,000 inhabitants. The chief objects of interest are the cathedral in Charlrcs street, College in St. Cloude street, Ursuline Convent in Ursuline street, Orleans theatre St. Anne street, theatre of St. Philip in St. Philip street, city hall Conde street, churches, almshouse, &c. Five miles below the centre of the city is the ground, rendered memorable by the battle of the 8th of January, 1815. ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS. To Louisville by Steam Boat. St. Francisville Arnauds Point, 13 and Pt. Coupee, 10 159 Red Church, 9 22 Tunica, 27 186 Destretchens Pt. 12 34 Red River, 22 208 Bonnet Q. Bend, 2 36 Fort Adams, 9 217 B. Quarre Church, 5 41 Homochitto R. 10 227 Cantrels Do. 19 60 White Cliffs, 27 254 Bringiers, 8 68 Natchez, 17 271 Hamptons, 5 73 Coles Creek, 22 293 Donaldsonville 5 78 Rodney, 19 312 St. Gabriels, 24 102 Bruinsburg, 4 316 Plaquemine 6 108 Chitteloosa and Baton Rogue, 18 126 Big Black River, 14 330 Thomas Pt. 11 137 Pt. Pleasant, 10 340 Thompsons Cr. 12 149 Palmyra, 13 353 ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS. 79 Warrenton, 14 367 Leaven worth, 33 1233 Vicksburg, 10 377 Northampton, 17 1250 Yazoo River, 12 389 Louisville, 42 1292 Tornpkins, 32 421 (For continuation to Cin Providence, 26 447 cinnati, Pittsburg, &c. Princeton, 8 455 see " Louisville.") Old River, 48 503 Pt. Chicot, 12 515 To St. Louis, by Steam Arkansas River, 59 574 Beat White R. 9 583 Mouth of Ohio, as above, 921 Helena, GO 643 Tyawappita B. 29 950 St. Francis I. 14 657 Cape Girardeau, 13 963 35 N. Lat. 48 705 Bainbridjre, 9 972 Noncona R. 10 715 Muddy R. 13 985 Memphis, 4 719 Kaskaskia R. 31 1016 Grecnock, 12 731 St. Gencvicve, 17 1033 3rd Chickasaw Bluff, Charticr I. 11 1044 18 749 Herculancum, 19 1063 Randolph, 12 76J Maramec R. 11 1074 Fulton, 6 767 Carondelet, 12 1086 PlumPt. 11 778 St. Louis, 6 1092 Needhams Cut-off, 26 804 Little Prairie 20 824 To Balize and Gulf of Kiddles Pt. 23 847 Mexico by Steam New Madrid, 13 860 Boat, Mills Pt. 28 888 Battle Ground, 5 Columbus, 16 904 English turn, 6 11 Mouth of Ohio, 17 921 Fort St. Leon, 5 16 America, 11 932 Poverty Pt. 18 34 Tennessee R. 36 968 Grand Prairie, 27 61 Cumberland R. 11 979 Fort St. Philip, 9 70 Rock Cave, 41 1020 S. W. Pass, 9 79 Shawneetown, 20 1040 South Pass, 2 81 Carthage, 19 1059 Pass a Loutre, 2 83 Mt. Vernon, 12 1071 Balize, 4 87 Hendersonville, 22 1093 Gulf, 5 92 Evansville, 11 1104 Owensburg, 35 1139 To Nachitoches, ly Steam Rockport, 8 1147 Bout. Stephensport, 53 1200 Red River, as above, 208 80 ROUTES FROM NEW ORLEANS. Ouachita, 36 244 To Natchez. Bayou Saline, 20 264 Madisonville, by St. Bt. 32 Alexandria, 54 -318 Liberty, by Stage, 69 101 Bayou Cane, 60 378 Natchez, " 50 151 Natchitochcs, 24 402 To Berwick s Bay and To Little Rock, by Steam thence to Opelousas. Boat. Donaldsonville, 78 Arkansas R. as above, 574 Verct Canal, 14 92 Arkansas, 27 601 S. end Canal, 7 99 Harrington s, 43 644 Lake Palourde, 13 112 Vaugines 23 667 Berwick s Bay, 10 122 Little Rock, 81 748 Franklin, 21 143 Fausse Ft. 27 170 To Mobile by Steam Boat, St. Martinsville, 8 178 and Stage. Opelousas, 36 214 L. Ponchartrain, by Rail Road, 5 To Nashville, ly Stage via fPt.AuxHerbes, 15 20 Florence, Ala. Ft. Coquilles, 7 27 L. Ponchartrain, 5 L. Borgne, 11 38 Madisonville, 27 32 *> Grand Island, 9 47 Covington, 7 39 pg St. Josephs Isl. 4 51 Jacksonville, 33 72 - { W. Marianne, 6 57 Columbia, 30 102 5 E. Marianne, 5 6"2 Ellisville, 48 150 | Cat Island, 10 72 Old Church, 47 197 Deer Island, 17 89 Koomsha, 45 242 1 Krebsville, Har.18 107 Columbus, 68 310 L Portersville, 16 1^3 Pikeville, 64 374 Mobile, by stage, 30 153 Russelville, 30 404 Florence, 22 426 To St. Stephens, by Stage Madisonville, 32 Lawrenceburg, 41 467 Mt. Pleasant, 22 489 Jacksonville, 40 72 Columbia, 11 500 Leakesville 66 138 Franklin, 23 523 Chickasawhay R. 17 155 Nashville, 18 541 St. Stephens, 24 179 N. Philadelphia, O. (127.) Newport, N. Y. (55.) NEW YORK. 81 Newport, N. H. (61.) Ncwtown, Mich. (48.) Newport, Ind. (145.) Newtoxvn, N. Y. (80.) Newport, R. I. (111.) Newtown, N. J. il08.) Newport, Mo. (162.) Ncwtown, 11. (143.) Newport, O. (151.) Newville, P. ( l3l.) Newport, T. (231.) New York, Va. (175.) N. Paltz, N. Y. (108.) New York, state of, (78), is divided into 56 counties. Population in 1830, 1,913,508, including 46 slaves. Area, 4!),000 square miles. Capital Albany ; metropolis, New York ; lat. 40 43 N. long. 2 55 E. ; general election at such time in October or November, as the legislature may provide. Legislature meet, first Tuesday in January ; Constitution formed, 1821. Government. Governor, term of office two years, salary, $4,000. Lieutenant-governor and president of the senate, pay $6 a day during the session. Legislature senate con sisting of 32 members, who are elected for four years, one- fourth being chosen annually. House of representatives, consists of 1 C 28 members, elected annually. Judiciary. Court of chancery, one chancellor, $2000 per annum ; register, &c. The eight circuit judges are vice- chancellors for their respective circuits. Supreme court chief justice, $2,000 a year, and two associate judges, each $2,000 per annum. There are eight circuit courts, with eight judges, salary of each, Si, 250. Superior court of the city of New York, chief justice and two associate judges, pay of each, $2,500 per annum. P-liysicfjl Structure. The eastern part of the state is greatly diversified ; the Allegheny mountains pass through this section about 70 miles above the city of New York, cross the Hudson below Newburg, and pass in a north-east direction into the state of Massachusetts. Somewhat farther north, the Catskill mountains may be seen in the distance ; these are the most elevated mountains in the state. There are mountains of great elevation west of Lake Champlain, some of which are 3,000 feet above the lake. The western part of the state is merely undulating, being entirely des- titute of such mountains as mark its eastern section. 82 NEW YOKK. Rivers, Hudson, St. Lawrence, Mohawk, Delaware, Susquehanna, Allegheny, Genesee, Oswego, Black, Os- wegatchis, Raquette, Saranac, &,c. Productions. Wheat, corn, rye, oats, flax, hemp, several kinds of grasses, vegetable and fruit. Iron is found in great abundance ; gypsum, limestone, marble, slate, and lead occur in many places. In the centre of the state, salt is made in immense quantities. The mineral springs of New York are well known, the chief of which, those at Saratoga, are resorted to by people from all quarters. Cities and Towns. New York, (city) ; Albany, the capital ; Troy, Ulica, Rochester, Buffalo, Schenectady, Hud son, Newburg, Poughkeepsie, Catskill, together with a large number of incorporated villages, and others not incor porated, having names different from their respective town- ships. Internal Improvements. Erie Canal, from Albany to Buffalo, length 363 miles. Champlain Canal, from the Erie canal to Whitehall, length 72 miles. Hudson and Delaware Canal, from Hudson river near Kingston, to the mouth of the Laxawaxen, length 82J miles. Oswego Canal, from Salina to Oswego, length 38 miles. Seneca Canal, from Montezuma to Geneva length 20 miles. Chemung Canal, from Elmira to Seneca Lake, length 31 miles. Crooked Lake Canal, from the Penyan to Seneca Lake 7 miles. Tonnewanta Canal, from the Erie Canal near Wrightsville, to Tonnawanta creek, length 13 miles. Harlaem Canal on Manhattan Island, from the Hudson to East river, lengtii lg miles. Proposed Canals. Chenango Canal, from Binghampton to Erie Canal, length 93 miles. Black River Canal, from Rome to the falls of Black river, 40 miles. Sodus canal, from Sodus Bay to Seneca River, &c. &c. Rail Roads. Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road, from Albyny to Schenectady, 16 miles. Schenectady fy Saratoga. Rail Road, from Schenectady to Saratoga Springs, 20 miles. Catskill and Canajoharie Rail Road, from Cats- kill to Canajoharie, (now in progress,) 70 miles. Ithaca and Oicego Rail Road, 29 miles. Harleam Rail Road on Manhattan island. Rochester Rail Road, (now in pro NEW YORK. 83 grass,) from Rochester to a point below the falls of Gene- see. Sckenectady and Utica Rail Road, (now in progress,} length, 80 miles. Bath Rail Road, irorn Bath to Crooked Lake, 5 miles. Rochester and Batatia Rail Raod, (in pro gress,) 28 miles. Troy and Baliston Rail Rood, (in pro gress) 22 miles. Several other rail roads arc proposed in various parts of the state. New York city, (134 ) The commercial emporeum of the United States and metropolis of the state of New York, is situated at the point of junction of the Hudson and East rivers ; in N. lat. 40 42 and E. long. 55 30" from Washington. The city proper, or that portion where the population is mostly concentrated, occupies the southern quarter of Manhattan island, the whole of which, including Harlaern, Yorkville, and some other villages, is under tha jurisdiction of the city corporation, and is identical with the county of New York. The city, together with the sub urbs just mentioned, containing in 1830 upwards of 30,000 buildings, and 213,470 inhabitants. The population at this time (1836) may be estimated at 278,000. The densely settled part of the island, or what is called " the city," has an outline of 50,000 feet or 10 miles, nearly. Its princi pal streets are Broadway, in which most of the retail busi ness is transacted, Greenwich street, Pearl street, Broad, Wall and Chatham streets, the Bowery, Maiden-Lane &c. &c. The public buildings, and objects of curiosity, are the city hull, in the Park, exchange buildings* in Wall street, college, hospital, and Clinton hall, in Broadway, battery, castle garden, N. Y. Institution, academy of fine arts, alms- house, three theatres, medical college, baths, rooms of the National Academy of Design, masonic hall in Broadway, house of refuge, orphan s asylum, lunatic asylum, besides many others, and about 100 churches, some of which are very splendid and capacious. The city government consists of a mayor, ten aldermen, and ten assistants, with an able and effective body of police officers. Steam boats, packets and stages, arrive at * Since the first edition of this work was issued, the Exchange, together with 700 other buildings, have been destroyed by fire. 84 NEW YORK. and depart from the city, at almost every hour, and for every part of the United States. ROUTES FROM NEW YORK. To Albany, by Steam Boat. Rhinebeck, 1 90 Fort Gansewort, 2 Redhook, L. L. 6 96 Hamilton s Monument 2 4 Glasgow, 3 99 Manhattanville, 3 7 Redhook, U. L. 1 100 Fort Lee, 3 ] Sangerties, 1 101 Spuyten Duyvel Cr. 2 12 Bristol, 1 102 Phillipsburg, 4 16 Catskill, 9 111 Dobb s Ferry, 6 22 (Thence to Pine Orchard, Tappan Landing, 3 J5 14 miles.) Tarryiown, 1 26 Hudson and Athens, 5 116 Nyack, on Tappan sea, 3 2i) Columbiaville, 5 121 Sparta, & State Prison, 3 32 Coxackie, 3 124 Tellers Point, 2 34 Kinderhook Landing, 1 125 Havcrstraw & Croton, 1 35 New Baltimore, 5 130 Stony Point, 3 38 Coeymans, 2 132 Verplanks Point, 1 39 Schodack, 2 134 Peekskill, 2 41 Castleton, 1 135 St. Anthony s nose, 2 43 Albany, 10 145 Fort Clinton 1 44 For routes from Albany, West Point, 7 51 see article " Albany." 4 f Crows Nest Mt. 4 55 g \ Butter Hill, 1 56 3 1 Caldvvell, 1 57 g Canterbury, 1 58 The stage route from N. York to Albany, dues not differ materially from the above. New Windsor, 1 59 To Boston by Steam Boat. New burg, West side, > o ri Newtown Creek, 4 Fiski 11 landing, E. S. (** Hell Gate, 5 9 Hamburg, 6 67 Flushing Bay, 4 13 Hampton, 1 68 Frogs Point, 3 16 Barncgat, 2 70 Cow Neck, 2 18 Poukeepsie, 5 75 New Rochelle L. 6 24 Hyde Park, 5 80 West Greenwich, 11 35 Pelham, 3 83 Stamford, 8 43 WalkillCr. 6 89 Oldwell, 8 51 NEW YORK. 85 Southport, 8 59 ~ 3 Point no point, 14 86 Black rock, 5 64 ) Philadelphia, 5 91 Stratford Point, 7 71 New Haven harb., 12 83 To Philadelphia, via New (Thence to N. Haven, Brunswick, <$fc. 4 miles.) Perth Ainboy, S. Bt. 25 Falkners Is. 12 95 New Brunswick, " 12 37 Harnmonassct Ft., 8 103 <y t Kingston, 14 51 Connecticut River, 11 114 %> << Princeton, 3 54 New London harb., 14 128 m ( Trenton, 10 64 (Thence to N. London, pq \ Bordentown, 6 70 4 miles,) w ) Philadelphia, 30 100 Fishers Is., 5 133 Point Judith, 30 163 To Philadelphia, ly Stage. Beaver Tail, (Narra- Newark, 10 gunsetbay,) 9 172 Elizabethtown, 6 16 Newport, 5 177 Rahway, 5 21 Bristol Harb., 10 187 New Brunswick, 13 34 Pawtuxet, 10 197 Kingston, 13 47 Providence, 5 202 Princeton, 3 50 Boston, (by land,) 43 245 Trenton, 10 60 Bristol, 11 71 To Philadelphia, via South Holmsburg, 11 82 Amlioy, iSfc. Frankford, 4 86 f Castle Williams, 1 Philadelphia, 5 91 Bedlow s Is. 1 2 S Kills, 3 5 To Easton,Pa. ly Stage. J | Ryers ferry 2 7 Newark, 10 -( Newark bay, 1 8 Morristown, 19 29 Elizabethtown pt., 4 12 Chester, 13 42 w Rahway river, 4 16 Schooley s mt. Springs, 8 50 Perth Amboy, 9 25 Mansfield, 11 61 1 South Amboy, 2 27 Easton, 15 76 ^ fSpotswood, 9 36 g West s, 4 40 To Ithaca, N. Y. j 1 Rocky Brook, 8 48 Newark, 10 " 1 Centreville, 4 52 " iBordentown, 9 61 Pompton, 21 31 Snufflown, 12 43 I Bristol, 10 71 Deckertown, 12 55 ojj } Burlington, 1 72 Milford, 17 72 86 NEW YORK. NIAGARA FALLS. Wilsonville, 24 96 Fairfield, 3 58 Rixes Gap, Pa. 15 111 Bridgeport, 4 62 Mont rose, 34 145 Slumlord, 4 66 pi S Owego, 32 177 Milford, 5 71 pj ( Ithaca, 30 207 New Haven, il 82 To New Haven, Conn., To Montauk PL by Stage. by Stage Jamaica, 11 West Chester, 15 Dix Hills, 18 29 Mamuroriec, 8 23 Smithtown, 11 40 Rye, 6 2J Carman, 18 58 West Greenwich, 2 21 Morriches, 10 68 Stamford, 7 38 Quag, 9 77 Norwalk, 9 47 S. Hampton, 14 91 Saugatuck, 4 51 B. Hampton, 7 98 Southport, 4 55 Montauk Pt. 23 121 Niagara, U. C. (54.) Niagara Falls, N. Y. (54.) This stupendous and une qualled work of nature, is formed by a ridge of lirne-stcne rocks, which is here broken and torn asunder by the waters frotn the great lakes above. This ridge, as it is improperly called, is a mere shelf, or a succession of steps, from the basin of lake Ontario, up to that of Erie, the difference of level being about 334 feet. The elevation of the great cat aract from its brow at the crescent, to the surface of the strait is 158 feet, hence it will be seen that the rapids above the falls have a greater actual descent than the falls them- selves. The rapids commence near the Burning Spring, about a mile above the precipice. The inclination of the plane over which the waters pass, increases as it approaches the chute, and thus augments the velocity of the current and the turbulence of its trou bled wati rs. uNo spectacle can be more sublime, than is presented by the great falls, when viewed in connection with the rapids above. -The high grounds, in the rear of Forsy Ih s hotel, afford such a view In addition to the falls, there are several interesting ob jects in their vicinity, which deserves attention; among them may be mentioned the Burning Spring, near the outlet NIAGARA. NORTH CAROLINA. 87 of Chi ppewa creek ; whirlpool, two miles below the falls ; the bridge and platform at Goat Island ; the sorcerer s cave, just below the lulls ; u.ineral spring, mile below ; the battle fields of Chippewa, Luudy s lane, and Queenston, Brock s monument, Welland canal, and the villages of Chippewa, Manchester, Lewistown, Queenston, Tuscurora indians,&c. ROUTES FROM NIAGARA. To Montreal via Lake Onta To Rochester, by Stage. rio, by Slcam Bout, 6 c. Lewistown, 7 Queenston, 6 Cambria, 15 22 Niagara Vil., 7 13 Harlland, 11 33 Toronto, (York,) 30 43 Oak Orchard, 14 47 Port Hope, 66 109 Gainesville, 7 54 Coburg, 36 145 Clarkson, 16 69 Oswego, 74 219 Parma, 7 76 Duck s Isld., 23 242 Rochester, 11 87 Kingston, 35 277 Elizubethtown, 48 325 To Buffalo, by Stage, Cana- Prescot, 14 339 da side. Hamilton, 18 357 Chippewa, 2 Long Saut I., 18 375 Waterloo, 15 17 Cornwall, 10 365 Black rock, 1 18 Lake St. Francis, 6 391 Buffalo, 1 19 Foot of do. 22 413 Coteau du Lac, 4 417 To Buffalo, Am. side. Les Cedres, 7 424 Schlosser, 2 Cascades, 7 431 Tonnewanta, 10 12 La Chine, 16 447 Black rock, 8 20 Montreal, 8 455 Buffalo, 1 21 Nicholasburg, P. (129.) Nichoiasville, K.(190.) Nickojack, G. ( ^4J.) Nolilt-sboro, P. (128.) Noblesvil e, Ind. (I ,3.) Norfolk, Va. (218.) Norridgewock, Me. (40.) Norristown,P.(1330 Northampton, Mass. (84.) Northampton C. H., Va. (199.) Northfielcl, Mass. (84.) North wood, N. H. (62 ) Northumberland, P. (132.) North Carolina, state of, (2. .2,) is divided into 65 coun ties. Population in 1830, 738,470, including 246,462 slaves, 88 NORTH CAROLINA. Area, 49,500 square miles; capital, Raleigh ; metropolis, Newburn, in N. Lat. 35 06 , Long. 6 . General elec tion, no fixed day. Constitution formed, 1776. Government. Governor, term of office, one year, salary $2,000; executive council of 7 members; state treasurer, $1,500. Secretary of state, $300 and fees ; attorney gene ral. Judiciary. Supreme court, composed of a chief justice, salary $2,500, and two associate judges, each, $2,500, per annum. Circuit court consists of two judges. All the judges are appointed by a joint vote of the senate and house of commons. The members of these bodies are elected an nually by the people. Physical Structure. The state of N. Carolina presents almost every variety of surface. In the east, we find im. mense flats of sea-sand marsh, swamp, and other alluvious matter, but little elevated above their common parent, the at- lantic ocean. In the centre, hills of nearly all sizes and heights present themselves. These increase in magnitude and number in approaching the western section of the state, which is in every respect a mountain region. Some of the most elevated peaks of the Allegheny system, occur in the counties of Macon, Buncombe, Haywood, Yancy, &c. Rivers. Meherrin, Roanoke, Tar, Pamplico, Neuse, Cape Fear, Lumber, Yadkin, Catawba, Tennessee, French, Broad, &c. Productions. Cotton, rice, wheat, corn, tobacco, tar, pitch, turpentine, lumber, and recently gold. Towns. Raleigh the capital; Newburn, Salisbury, Wil mington, Fayetteville,Edenton, Salem, Charlotte, Hillsboro, Halifax, Milton, &c. Internal Improvements. Dismal Swamp Canal, (see Virginia.) Lake Drummond Canal, a navigable feeder of the preceding, it extends from lake Drummond to the sum mit level of the Dismal Swamp Canal, length 5 miles. North West Canal, connects N. W. river with the Dismal Swamp Canal, length 6 miles. Weldon Canal, forms the commencement of the Roanoke Navigation. It extends around the falls of Roanoke above the towns of Welden and Blakely, length 12 miles. Clubfoot and Harlow Canal, NORTH CAROLINA. OHIO. 89 extends from the head waters of Clubfbot to those of Har- low creek, near Beaufort, length 1 \ miles. The navigation of the Roanokc from the Weldon Canal, to the town of Sa- lern in Virginia, a distance of 232 miles, the Cape Fear, the Yadkin, the Tar, New, and Catawba rivers, has been greatly improved by joint stock companies. Rail Roads, are projected to extend from Fayetteville to Cape Fear river; from Wilmington through Fayetteville and Salis bury to Beattysford on the Catawba, a distance of 250 ms. : and several others. (For an account of the Rail Road ex tending from Blakcly to Petersburg and Norfolk, respec tively, see Virginia.) Norton, O. (125.) Norwich, Conn, (110.) Norway, N. Y. (59.) Nottoway, Va. (196.) Norwich, N. Y. (81.) Nunen, G. (269.) O. Oakfuskec, Ala. (2,85.) Oconee R., G. (288.) Oakfuscoonene, G. (285.) Ocrnulgee R., G. (303.) Obion R., T. (205.) Oewooha, Ala. 0284.) Occacock Inlet, N. C. (239.) Ogdensburg, N. Y. (34.) Ocklawaha R., F (32!).) Ohio R., Pa. (128.) Oconee Station, S. C. (252.) Ohio R., K. (168.) Ohio, state of, (171,) is divided into 74 counties; popula tion in 1830, 937, ( )03. Area, 3:),750 square miles. Capi tal, Columbus; metropolis, Cincinnati, in Lat. 3.) 06 N. Long. 7 31 , W. Gener.il election, second Tuesday in Oc tober. Legislature meets, first Monday in December, Con stitution formed in 1802. Government. Governor, term of office two years, salary $1,200; secretary of state; treasurer, and auditor. Senate consists of 36 members, elected biennially; house of repre sentatives consists of 72 members, elected annually. Judiciary- Supreme court consists of a chief judge and three associate judges salary, $1,200 each. Courts of Common Picas. The state is divided into 9 districts, in each of which there is a presiding judge, salary $1000 ; and two associates in each county, who receive each $2 50 per day, during their attendance at court. 8* 90 OHIO. All the judges of the supreme court and the courts of common pleas are elected by the house of representatives for the term of 7 years. The supreme court sits once a year in each county, arid the court of common pleas three times a year. The only capital crime in Ohio is murder in the first degree. There is no imprisonment for debt, except in cases of fraudulent withholding of property. Physical Structure. The eastern part of the state which borders on Pennsylvania is hilly, but gradually becomes more level as you advance westward. Along the whole course of the Ohio river, there is, in this state, a strip of land, of from 10 to 15 miles, and in some places more, in width, which is broken and hilly. These hills, especially in the immediate vicinity of the river, are very high and often of quite a mountainous aspect. The western half of the state is in general remarkably level. On the immediate borders of Indiana, it is so much so, as to assume a very monotonous appearance. The cen tral parts of the state, from the neighbourhood of the Ohio river up to lake Erie may be com pared, as it regards level character, not with entire accuracy, to the country around Philadelphia, or rather that portion of Pennsylvania which is seen by the traveller as he passes from that city to Lan caster, by the main turnpike road. Rivers. Ohio, Mahoning, Little Beaver, Muskingum, Hocking, Scioto, Little Miami, Great Miami, Maumee, Portage, Cuyahaga, Grand, Ashtabula, &c. Productions. Wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, Indian corn, garden vegetables and fruits, are produced in great abun dance. Towns. Cincinnati, Columbus, Ripley, Portsmouth, Ma rietta, New Lisbon, Canton, Wooster, Massillon, New Phil adelphia, Coshocton, Newark, Zancsville, Lancaster, Chilli- cothe, Circleville, Dayton, Springfield, St. Clairsville,Hills- boro, Ravenna, Athens, and many others. Internal Improvements. Ohio and Erie Canal, extends from Portsmouth on the Ohio River, to Cleveland on Lake Erie, length 307 miles. Miami Canal, from Cincinnati to Dayton, 68 miles, the extension of this canal to the Maumee is in progress. Columbus Canal, from the Ohio and Erie OHIO. PAT 91 Canal, to Columbus, 10 miles. Lancaster Canal, from the Ohio and Erie Canal, to Lancaster, 9 miles. Ohio and Erie Canal, see Ohio, (171.) Old Agency, Miss. (282.) Oneida L., N. Y. (57.) Onslow, N. C. (257.) Onslow bay, N. C. (257.) Opelousas, Lou. (307.) Opilucloy, F. (329.) Orange, C. H., Va. (175.) Orangeburg, S. C. (273.) Orwigsburg, P. (132.) Osage, Mo. (162.) Osborn, Va. (197.) Ossipee, N. H. (62.) Ossabaw Sound, G. (305.) Oswego, N. Y. (57.) Oswego Ca /, see N. Y. (57.) Painesville, O. (101.) Painsville, Va. (196.) Painted Post, N. Y. (79.) Palatine, N. Y. (59.) Palestine, II. (145.) Palestine, Ind. (167.) Palermo, Me. (40.) Pallachuchec, Ala. (285.) Palmyra, Me. (40.) Palmyra, N. Y. (56.) Palmyra, Mo. (141.) Palmyra, Miss. (279.) Paoli, Ind. (167.) Pamplico Sound, N.C. (238.) PamplicoR.,N.C. (238.) Papakunk, N. Y. (82.) Paris, K.(169.) Paris, Me. (39.) Paris, T. (206.) Ottowa, or Grand R., L. C, (13.) Ottsville, P. (133.) Ovid, II. (185.) Ovid, N.Y. (80.) Owego, N. Y. (80.) Ovventon, K. (169.) Owenboro, K (167.) Owingsville, K. (170.) Oxford, N. H. (61.) Oxford, N.Y. (81.) Oxford, 11. (166.) Oxford, N. C. (216.) Oxford Rail R., see Pa. (156.) Oyster bay, N. Y. (135.) P. Park man, O. (101.) Parker, N.C. (218.) Parkers, S.C. (210.) Parkers, Miss. (264.) Parkersburg, Va. (151.) Parrishvillc, N. Y. (35.) Parryville, II. (164.) Parrots, S. C. (254.) Parsonfield, Me. (63.) Pascagoola R., Miss. (311.) Pasgacoola Bay, Miss. (311.) Pas Marian, Lou. (3ll.) Paterson and Hudson river R.Road. see N. J. (134.) Patterson, N. Y. (109.) Paterson, N. J. (134.) Patesville, K. (188.) Pattonsburg, Va. (195.) 92 PAT PENNSYLVANIA. Patton, N. C. (236.) Pellicers, Fl. (330.) Pawtucket Canal, see Mass. Pembroke, Mass. (86.) (65.) Pemmaquid Pt. Me. (64.) Peaces, Ala. (248.) Pennsboro, Pa. (106.) Pearl R., Miss. (2.96.) Penobscot H., Me. (20.) Pearlington, Miss. (310.) Penobscot Hay, Me. (64.) Peedee R., S. C. ( 255.) Pensacola, F. (312.) Peekskill, N. Y. (109.) Pensacola Bay, F. (312.) Pennsylvania, state of, (133,) is divided into 52 counties. Population, 1,347,672, including- 386 slaves. Area, 47,500 square miles. Capital, Harrisburg; metropolis, Philadel phia, in N. Lat. 3,3 57 E. Long-. 1 47 . General election, second Tuesday in October ; legislature meet first Tuesday in December. Constitution formed, 1790. Government. Governor term of office three years, sal- ary $4,000; secretary of state ; treasurer; auditor-general; surveyor-general ; and attorney-general. Legislature. Senate consists of thirty-three members, elected for four years. House of Representatives, one hun- dren members, elected annually. Judiciary. There is a supreme court, consisting- of a chief justice and four associate judges. This court holds its courts in five places in the state, which is divided into five districts for that purpose. The state is also divided into 16 districts, for the sessions of the courts of common pleas. Each of these circuits has a presiding judge, and two associates from each county. The judges of the supreme court receive a salary of $2,000 per annrium ; the judges of the common pleas, $1,61)0 ; and the associates, $200. Physical Structure. The Allegheny mountains pass obliquely across the central part of the state, ranging, generally, from north-east to south-west. The several ridges which constitute the system here are known by lo cal name^ differing in many cases, from those generally adopted by writers on geography. In passing along the great road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, the traveller crosses, successively the following ridges: Mine Hill ; South Mountain; Blue Mountain ; Cove ; Sideling Hill; Tussey a PENNSYLVANIA. 93 Mountain; Dunning s Mountain ; Will s Mountain ; Alle gheny Mountain ; Laurel Hill, and Chesnut ridge. The Allegheny Mountain is by far the most elevated among the group ; it is here that the waters which run eastward and those flowing into the Ohio, have their sources. The ridges on either side of the great Allegheny, are little else than mere steps from the plains below, up to the main ridge ; the valleys, as well as the ridges, becoming more and more elevated, as they approach the dividing ridge. Some of the peaks attain an elevation of 3,000 feet; the mean altitude of the Allegheny system, is about 2,500 feet above tide water. Islands. With the exception of a few small islands in the Delaware and Susquehanna, there is none within the borders of the state. Those in the Susquehanna, are, Dun can s island, at the mouth of the Juniata ; Hill island, near Middletown ; Fishing island, a few miles below, and some others. And in the Delaware, Tinicum, Hog, League, Petty s, Biles, &c. Jjnkes ; Erie, which borders the N. W. part of the state, and Conneaut, are the only lakes in the state, which is remarkably destitute of such aggregations of waters, as deserve the name of lakes. Rivers. Delaware, Schuylkill, Lehigh, Susquehanna, Swatara, Juniata, West branch, Ohio, Beaver, Allegheny, Conernaugh, Clarion, French creek, Monongahela, Yough- iogeny, &c. 1 reductions. Wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, oats, flax, lumber, live stock, iron, &c. &c. Cities and Towns. Philadelphia, the metropolis ; Harris- burg, the capital; Pittsburg, Erie, Lancaster, York, Read ing, Bethlehem, Easton, Pottsville, Chester, West Chester, Carlisle, Bedford, Washington, &c. &-C. Internal Improvements : State Canals. Central division, Pennsylvania Canal, ex- tends from Columbia to Ilolidaysburg, length 171 3-4 miles. Western division, Pennsylvania Canal, from Johnstown to Pittsburg, length, 104 miles. Susquehanna division, Penn sylvania Canal, extends from the central division on Dun can s island, to Northumberland, 39 miles. West Branch division, Pennsylvania Canal, from Northumberland to 94 PENNSYLVANIA. Dunnstown, 65 34 miles. North Branch division, Pennsyl vania Cunul, Ironi Northumberland to Nanticoke falls, 60 miles. An extension of this canal, 14 98-100 miles, is now in progress. Delaware division, Pennsylvania Canal, ex tends from Bristol to Easton,59 3-4 miles. Pittsburg and Erie Canal, is tj extend from Pittsburg to Erie, 73-40 miles of this work is completed. Canals constructed by joint stock- companies. Scltvyl- kill Navigation, extends from Philadelphia to Port Carbon, 108 miles. Union Canal, extends from theSchuylkill near Reading to Middletown on the Susquehanna, 82-08 miles. Pine Grove Canal, a branch of the preceding, 6-75 miles in length. Lehigh Navigation, from Easten to Mauoh Chunk, 46-75 miles. Lackawaxf.n Canal, from M Carty s point to Honesdale, 25 miles. Conestoga Navigation, from Lancaster to Safe Harbor, on the Susquehanna, 18 miles. Codorus Navigation, from York to the Susquehanna, 11 miles. West Philadelphia Canal, around the western abut ment of the permanent bridge, over the Schuyliiill, about 500 yards in length. Stale Rail Roads. Columbia Rail Road, extends from Philadelphia to Columbia, on the Susquehanna, length 81-60 miles. Allegheny Portage Rail Road, from Holli- daysburg to Johnstown, forms the connecting link between the central arid western divisions of the Pennsylvania ca nal, length 36-G9 miles. Rail Roads constructed by joint stock companies: Mauch Chunk Rail Road, from Mauch Chunk to the coal mines, 9 miles. Room Run Rail Road, from Mauch Chunk to the coal mine on Room Run, 5-26 miles. Mount Carbon Rail Road, from Mount Carbon to Norwegian valley, 7-24 miles. Schuylkill Valley Rail Road, from Port Carbon to. Tuscarora, 10 miles. Branches of the preceding, 15 ms. Schuylkill Rail Road, 13 miles. Mill Creek Rail Road, from Port Carbon to the coal mines, near Mill Creek, length, including branches, 7 miles. Mine Hill and Schuyl kill Haven Rail Road, from Schuylkill Haven to the coal mines at Mine Hill, length, including 2 brandies, 20 ms. Pine Grove Rail Road, 4 miles in length. Little Schuyl kill Rail Road, from Port Clinton to Tamaqua, 23 miles, X ^ ^ > v *v \,X J A irii >>^V^N(^^ * s tl AA?^/. M^,. V "^r^ * ar>^Hi i i. / ^i 1 ^ I^tb, r*% "V* >Sil_l4a!teiuiiL_ I- | j ^ pg^ta*.!.^N. L_l_lil | t t ^"^ ^ ^ M^nipif^iii ri iii ^ 1 1 ssr // ^ 7 // i^wiW^^? " ^"V ? !i r u-u x**i v *3>& MM-^n *IL ii Hi I I US" I . V /) --^" .\ < g " yvivv^vw 1 ! r.u-, Vi n r u ^ I - L (-li- ! G*l TOTw^^w i; t f f fl^fei; J^ / 1 r 1 1! PENNSYLVANIA. 05 Lackawaxen Rail Road, from Honcsdale to Carbondale, 16 miles. West Chester Rail Road, from the Columbia R. R. to West Chester, 9 miles. Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristoiun Rail Road, (about 7 miles of this road are completed, a new rout to Norristown, leaving Germantown to the N. E. has been adopted.) Lykin s Valley R. Road, from Broad Mountain to Millersburg 1 . Philadelphia and Trenton Rail Road, 26 1-4 miles in length. Central Rail Road, from the vicinity of Pottsviile to Sunbury, 44-54 ms. Danville branch, 7 miles long, whole length 51-54. Oxford R. Road, now in progress, extends from the Columbia R. R. to the Maryland state line. Reading R. R. to extend from Norristown to Port Clinton. Pennsylvania Canals and Pcrrysville, T. (227.) Rail Roads, see Pennsyl- Person C. H., N. C. (215.) vania, (132.) Petersburg, P. (131.) Pcnyan, N. Y. (79.) Petersburg,?. (153.) Pcoria, Ind (119.) Petersburg, P. (155.) Perdido R., F. (317.) Petersburg, Ind. (166.) .; Perrysburg, O. (99.) Petersburg, Va. (197.) Perry, G. ( L 287.) Petersburg and Roanoke Perrysville, O. (126.) Rail Road, see Virginia,, Pcrrysville, P. (128.) (217.) Perrysville, Mo. (Ib5.) Peters T., Va. (194.) Philadelphia, P. (137.) The metropolis of the state of Pennsylvania, and, after New York, the largest city in the U. S. Population, 180,OUO. It is favourably situated be- tweenthe Delaware and Sehuylhill rivers, about five miles from the junction of the latter with the Delaware. The city proper, or that portion of it which is limited by the Dela ware on the east, the Schuylkill on the west, Vine st. on the north, and South or Cedar st. on the south, is under the ju risdiction of the corporation. The adjoining districts have each separate and distinct municipal authorities and regu lations, wholly unconnected, in a legal point of view, with the others, or either of them. These regulations, being 1 merely local in their operation, are unimportant in refer ence to the city, as it is generally understood, which, for all practical purposes, may be regarded as embracing the 96 PHILADELPHIA. adjoining districts of Kensington, the Northern Liberties, Spring Garden, Southwark, Moyamensing, &c. The densely built parts of the city and districts, have an outline ol about 8^ miles. The principal streets of the city proper, are Market or High, Arch or Mulberry, Race or Sassafras, Vine,Chesnut, Walnut, Dock, Spruce, Lombard, South or Cedar, Front, Second, Third, &,c. uij to Thirteenth, which is suceeded by Broad street, &c. Those of the Nor thern Liberties, are Callovvhill, Noble, Green, Coates, Brown, Front, Budd, Second, St. Johns, Third sts., Old York Road, &c. Those of Kensington, Beach, Queen, Maiden, Shackamaxon, Marlboro, Hanover street, &.c. In Spring Garden, are John, Lawrence, Eighth, Ninth, &c. Callowhill, James, Buttonwood, Spring Garden, Washing ton streets, &c. In Southwark, Shipper), Plum, German, Catharine, Queen, Christian, Carpenter, Prime streets, etc. And in Moyamensing, Shippen, Fitzwatcr, Catharine, Tid- marsh, Prime, and Federal streets. In addition to the above, each district has several cross streets and avenues, most of which are well built. Public buildings, and other interesting objects in or near the city, are : Independence Hall or State-house, in which the various courts are held, Bank of the United States, Philadelphia Bank, Theatre, Arcade and Philadelphia Mu seum, Masonic Hall, Academy of the Fine Arts, United States Mint; all the above are in Chesnut street. Perm- sylvania Hospital, in Pine street ; Alms-house, in Blockley Township; Orphan s Asylum, in Cherry street; Wills s Hospital for the Lame and Blind, in Race street; Pennsyl vania Institution for the Blind, Thirteenth st. ; Orphan s (Catholic) Asylum of St. Josephs, in Chesnut street ; Widow s Asylum, in Cherry street; Pennsylvania Institu tion for the Deaf and Dumb, on Broad and Pine streets; Merchants Exchange and Post Office, on Dock, Thiid and Walnut streets; Custom-house, in Second street; City Library, and Philosophical Hall and Athenium, in Fifth street near Chesnut; Hall of the Franklin (mechanics ) Institute, in Seventh street ; Academy of Natural Sciences, in Twelfth street ; University buildings, in Ninth street ; Jefferson College, in Tenth street; Musical Fund Hall, in PHILADELPHIA. 97 Locust street ; Adelphi, in Fifth street ; Washington Hall, in Third street ; Theatre, in Walnut street ; Theatre, in Arch street ; Prison, on Arch and Broad streets ; Prison, on Passyunk Road ; Eastern Penitentiary, and House of Refuge, in Francis street; Fair Mount Water Works, on the Schuylkill, N. W. of the State-house ; Marine Asylum, and United States Arsenal, on the Schuylkill, S. W. of the State-house ; Navy Yard, on the Delaware ; Friends Lu natic Asylum, near Frankford; about 80 churches, 12 banks; Alms-house, west side of the Schuylkill; Girard College, N. W. of the State-house, &c. &c. ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA. To Pittsburg. i Laughlintown, 16 241 f Fair Mount, 1 ** 1 Greensburg, 23 264 Viaduct over the ! ( Pittsburgh, 32 296 Schuylkill, 2 3 Buck Tavern, 8 11 To Pittsburgh, via Harris- Spread Eagle, 5 16 burg. Paoli, 5 21 Lancaster, by rail road, 69 *"U Warren, 1 22 Mountjoy, by stage, 12 81 g Valley Creek, 7 29 Middletown, 15 96 M. Downingtown, 3 32 Harrisburg, 9 105 "3 Coatesville, 8 40 Carlisle, 18 123 W Gap Tavern, 11 51 Slough s T. 13 136 Mine ridge, 1 52 Shippensburgh 7 143 Mill Creek, 5 57 Cbambcrsburgh, 11 154 Soudersburg, 3 60 Pittsburg, as above, 147 301 Lancaster, 9 69 Mt. Pleasant, 8 77 To Pittsburg, by Pennsyl- ^Columbia, 5 82 vanit Rail Road and Ca York, 11 91 nal. Abbotstown, 15 108 Columbia, as above, 82 Gettysburg, 14 122 f Marietta, 3 85 u CJO j Chambersburg, 25 147 . | Bainbridge, 6 91 3 } M Connelstown, 19 166 1 j Falmouth, 4 95 m | Bedford, 31 197 * } Middletown, 4 99 Shellsburg, ^Stoystown, 9 206 19 225 U Highspire, 3 102 I Harrisburg, 6 108 93 ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA. fBlueMt. Gap, 5 113 New Berlin, 11 133 Port Dauphin, 3 1 16 Millheirn, 25 153 Duncan s Isd. 9 125 Bellefbnte, 21 179 Newport, 10 135 Phillipsburg, 27 206 Thorn psontown, 11 146 Curwinville, 19 225 Mexico, 7 153 Brookville, 37 262 Mifflintown, 4 157 Ship;)ensville, 27 2o9 ^3 J Lewistown, 14 171 Franklin, 18 307 ] Waynesburg, 14 Ib5 Meadville, 25 332 ^ Aughwiek F s, 12 197 Watcrford, 23 355 Huntingdon, 17 214 Erie, 15 370 Petersburg, 7 221 Alexandria, 7 228 To Pottsville, by Schuylkill Williarnsburg 12 240 Canal. Frankstown, 10 250 Manvunk, 1 L Hollidaysburg, 3 253 Flat "Rock, \ 8 Johnstown, bv R. R. 37 290 Spring Mills, 3 11 f Laurel Hill, 7 297 Norristown, 5 16 Lockport, 10 307 Phenixville, 12 28 Chesnut Hill, 5 312 Pottstown, 15 43 Blairsville, 8 320 Unionville, 3 46 ~ j Saltzburg-, 16 33o Birds boro> 6 52 g ] Warrentown, 12 348 Reading, 12 6.4 O Leechburg, 10 358 Hamburg, 23 87 Allegheny aqua. 3 361 Port Clinton, 4 91 Logan s Ferry, 15 376 Tunnel, 7 98 IPittsburg, 18 394 Sch uy Ik ill Haven, 3 101 Mount Carbon, 4 105 To Erie, Pa. by Stage. Pottsville, 1 106 Manyunk, 7 Port Carbon, 2 108 Norrislown> 9 16 _____ Trap, 9 25 To Bethlehem, Pa . &w Stage Poltstown, 10 35 Sunville, 3 Warrens ourg, 5 40 Germantovvn, 3 6 Exetertown, 5 45 Flowertown, 5 11 Reading, 7 52 Spring, 6 17 Hamburg, 15 67 Montgomery, 4 21 Orwigsburg, 11 78 Lexington, 4 25 Potts v. lie, 8 86 Sellersville, 7 32 Sunbury, 36 122 Quakertown, 5 37 ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA. 99 Fryburg, 6 43 To New York, by Steam Boat Bethlehem, 8 51 and R<jil Road. Bordenlown, by S. Boat, 30 To Efjston, by Stage. Centreville, by Rail R. 9 39 Shoemaktrtown, 9 Spotswood, 16 55 Jenkintown, 1 10 South Am boy, 9 64 Abington, 1 11 Perth Amboy, by S. Willowgrove, 2 13 Boat, 2 66 Newvillo, 7 20 New York, 25 91 Doylestown, 4 24 Ottsville, 15 3!) To Baltimore, by Steam Boat Easton, 17 56 and Rail Road. ^ fFort Mifflin, 8 To New York, by Stage. 2 | Lazaretto, 5 13 Frank ford, 5 W J Chester, 5 18 Holinsburg, 4 9 s ) Marcus Hook, 4 22 Bristol, 11 20 S j Christiana Cr. 8 30 Trenton, 11 31 <0 I New Castle, 5 35 Princeton, 10 41 Frenchtown, by R.R. 16 51 King-ton, 3 44 Baltimore, by S. B. 69 120 New Brunswick, 13 57 , Milton, 13 70 To Baltimore, by Stage. Klizabethtown, 5 75 Darby, 6 Newark, 6 81 Chester, 9 15 New York, 10 91 Wilmington, 13 28 . Elkton, 20 48 To New York, by Steam Boat Havre de Grace, 16 64 and Stage. Baltimore, 34 98 Burlington, by S. Boat, 19 Bristol, "do. 1 20 To Baltimore, by Steam Boat Bordentown, do. 10 30 and Canal. Trenton, do. 6 36 New Castle, as above, Princeton, by Stage, 10 46 by Steam Boat, 35 New Brunswick, do. 17 63 Delaware City, 6 41 Perth Am boy, by S. St. Georges, by Canal, 5 46 Boat, 12 75 Deep Cut, do. 4 50 New York, do. 25 100 Bohemia, do. 5 55 Turkey Point, by S. Boat, 10 65 Baltimore, do. 48 113 100 PHI PIT To Cape May, by Steam Cape May, C. H. 4 70 Boat. Cold Spring, 9 79 Delaware City, as above, 41 Cape Island, 2 81 Reedy Island, 5 46 Allaways Creek, 5 51 To Tuckerton, N. Jer. by Bombay Hook, 12 63 Stage. Egg Island, 17 80 Pensauken Creek, 9 Light Ho., C. May, 20 100 Hampton, F. 17 26 Cape Island, 2 102 Washington, 9 35 Tuckerton, 14 49 To Cape May, by Stage. Woodbury, 9 To Long Branch. Jonesboro, 10 19 Bordentown, by S. B. 30 Malaga, 10 29 Allentown, by Stage, 7 37 Millville, 13 42 Mon mouth, do. 18 55 Port Elizabeth, 6 48 Eaton, do. 10 65 Dennis Creek, 14 62 Long Branch, do. 4 69 Goshen, 4 66 Philadelphia (West) Canal, see Pennsylvania, (157.) Philadelphia, Germantown fy Norristown Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (133.) Philadelphia, K. (188.) Phillipsburg, L. C. (16.) Phillipsburg, P. (130.) Pickensville, S. C. (252.) Pickensville, Miss. (280.) Picolata, F. (330.) Pierces, Ga. (289.) Pike, N. Y. (78.) Pikeville, K. (192.) Pikeville, T. (229.) Pikeville, Ala. (246.) Piketon,O. (150.) Pinckneyville, S. C. (253.) Pine Bluff, Ark. (242.) Pine Log, Ga. (250.) Pineville, S. C. (273.) Pine Grove Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (1 32.) Pine Orchard, N. Y. (83.) Pinthocco, Ala. (284.) Piscataway, Md. (177.) Piqua, O. (124.) Point au Tremble, L. C. (15.) Pt. Pyrites, Mich. (G9.) Pt. au Pins, U. C. (75.) Pt. au Playe, U. C. (100.) Pt. Pleasant, Va. (171.) P. du Rocher, II. (163.) P. Frederick, Md. (177.) Pt. Tobacco, Md. (177.) Pt. Comfort, Ala. (285.) Pt. au Fer, Lou. (322.) Pt. of Pines, Fl. (328.) Pt. Chico, Lou. (324.) Pittsfield, Mass. (83.) PITTS BU4G-. 101 Pittston, Pa. (107.) \ .. ,> ,! , : S V> Pittsburg, Pa. (128.) The city of Pittsburgh was founded in 1765 ; and now contains a population of about 34,000 in cluding the adjoining villages of Allegheny, fiirmirgham, kc. It is a place of great trade, and has extensive manu factures. The public buildings are, a court house, ex change, college, monitorial school house, several hotels, museums, U. States and Pittsburg banks, market-house, many foundries, and 16 or 18 churches of various denomi nations. ROUTES FROM PITTSBURG. To Cincinnati, O. by Steam Cincinnati, 26 449 Boat. (See Cincinnati.) Middletown, 11 Bcavertown, 18 29 To Philadelphia, by Stage. Fawcetstown, 19 48 j East Liberty, 5 Stcuberiville, 22 70 ! Wilkinsburg, 3 8 Wellsburg, 7 77 Howardsville, 3 11 Warrcnton, 6 83 Stewartsville, 8 19 Wheeling, 8 91 Adamsburg, .6 25 Elizabeth town, 13 104 Grcensburg, 7 32 Sistersville, 35 139 Youngstown, 10 42 Newport, 17 156 Laughlin, 13 55 Marietta, 16 172 Stoystown, 16 71 Parkersburg, 13 185 Bedford, 28 99 Belville, 17 202 M ConnelsT. 31 130 Latarts rapids, 30 232 Chambersburg, 19 149 Point Pleasant, 29 261 Gettysburg, 25 174 Ga Hi polls, 3 264 York, 29 203 Guyandot, 34 298 Columbia, 11 214 Burlington, 7 305 Lancaster, by R. R. 13 227 Portsmouth, 41 346 Downingtown, 37 264 Manchester, 36 382 Philadelphia, 32 2J6 Maysville, 10 3)2 Ripley, 7 399 To Philadelphia, by Canal Augusta, 9 408 and Rail Road. Point Pleasant, 15 423 Allegheny aqueduct, 23 9* 102 PIT PORTLAND. FlairsvEh, 41 74 Mercer, 15 60 Johnstown, by R. R. 30 1 04 Georgetown, 15 75 f Hollidaysburg, 37 141 Meadville, 15 90 { Huntingdon, 39 180 Waterford, 23 113 "| I Lewistown, 43 223 Erie, 15 128 ] Duncan Island, 46 269 U Middletown, 26 295 To Wheeling, by Stage. L Columbia, 17 302 Findlaysville, 13 Philadelphia, R. R. 82 394 Washington, 11 24 Martinsburg, 5 29 To Erie, Pa. by Stage. Claysville, 4 31 Woodville, 18 W. Alexandria, 6 39 Butler, 9 27 Wheeling, 16 55 Centrevillc, 18 45 Pittboro, N. C. (235.) Plattsburg, N. Y. (36.) Pleasant Valley, N. Y. (36.) Pleasant Grove, Va. (216.) Pleasant River Bay, Me. (42.) Plymouth, N. H. (62.) Plymouth, Mass. (112.) Plymouth, N. C. (238.) Pocomoke Bay, Va. (199.) Pogoi Is., Fl. (323.) Point Alderton, Mass. (86.) Pokanaweethty, Fl. (314.) Pompton, N. J. (108.) Pontiac, Mich. (73.) Poplar Spring, Md. (155.) Portage, N. Y. (57.) Portage, O. (101.) Port Deposit Canal, see Maryland, (156.) Port Genessec, N. Y. (56.) Port Glasgow, N. Y. (57.) PortBarnet, Pa. (103.) Port Allegheny, Pa. (104.) Port Williams, K. (168.) Port Royal, Va. (176.) Portland, (63,) the metropolis of Maine, has a population of 12,600. Several handsome public and private buildings, among the former are a court-house, custom-house, 10 churches, 6 banks, &c. ROUTES FROM PORTLAND. To Boston, by Stage. Saco, 16 Kennebunk port, 10 26 Wells, 6 32 York, Portsmouth, Hampton falls, Newburyport, 15 47 9 56 13 69 9 78 PORTLAND. 103 Bowley, 5 83 Eastport, 15 231 Topsfield, 8 91 Danvers, 6 97 To Quebec, by Stage- Sangus, 7 104 Brunswick, 27 Boston, 10 114 Bodoinham, 13 40 Gardner, 11 51 To Boston, via Salem, by Hallowell, 4 55 Stage. Augusta, 3 58 Rowley, as above, 83 Waterville, 17 75 Ipswich, 5 88 Norridgwock, 16 91 Hamilton, 5 93 Solon, 20 111 Wenham, 2 95 Moscow, 13 124 Beverly, 4 99 Ferry over Kenne- Salem, 3 102 beck river, 17 141 Lynn, 5 107 Monument, 48 189 Boston, 10 117 St. Joseph, 54 243 St. Henry, 28 271 To Eastport, by Stage. Quebec, 12 283 Freeport, 18 Brunswick, 9 27 To Alfred. Bath, 7 34 Buxton 15 Wiscasset, 15 49 Alfred, 14 29 Waldoboro, 18 67 Warren, 9 76 To White Hills. Thomastown, 4 80 Standish, 17 Carnden, 11 91 Hiram, 14 31 Belfast, 18 109 Boundary line, 10 41 Castine, (by water,) 9 118 Mt. Washington, 47 83 Bluehill 10 128 Elsworth, 14 142 To Paris. Franklin, 12 154 Windham, 15 Cherryfield, 20 174 Raymond, 11 26 Columbia, 12 186 Otisfield, 11 37 Machias, 15 201 Paris, 13 50 Whiting, 15 216 Portland, N. Y. (77.) Portland, Ala. (283.) Portersville, Ind. (167.) Ports, S.C. (274.) Portsmouth, N. H. (63.) Portsmouth and RoanoJce Rail Road, see Va. (218.) Portsmouth, O. (171.) 104 POT Potato F., S. C. (274.) Potomac, Md. (154.) Potomac R., Md. (177.) Potomac Navigation, see Virginia, (155.) Potosi, Mo. (184.) Potsdam, N. Y. (35.) Pottstown, Pa. (133.) Pottcrsvillc, Pa. (102..) Poukeepsie, N. Y. (109.) Powclton, Ga. (271.) Prairie duChien, Mich. (66.) Prairie Bluff , Ala. (2t3.) Prattsville, Md. (154.) Prestonburg, K. (192.) Prescott, U. C. (34.) Prcsque I., U. C. (56.) Presque Is. Pa. (76.) RALEIOH. Princeton, N. J. (134.) Princeton, Ind. (166.) Princeton, K. (187.) Princess Anne, Md. (178.) Prophetstown, Ind. (122.) Providence, R. I. (111.) Providence and Norwich Rail Road, see R. I. (111.) Provincetown, Mass. (86.) Prudhomme, Lou. (293.) Prunty, Va. (152.) Puckna, Ala. (267.) Pugbtown, Va. (154.) Pulaski, T. (227.) Pullneyville, N. Y. (56.) Purdy, T. (226.) Paris, S. C. (289.) Putnam, Ind. (146.) Q. Quapaw Villagea,Ark. (242.) Quincy, II. (141.) Queenstuwn, Md. (177.) Quincy, F. (315.) Quincy, Mass. (86.) R. Raleigh, T. (225.) Racoon Spring, K. (191.) Reasville, Ga. (271.) Raleigh, N. f 1 . (236.) Capital of North Carolina, con tained in 1830, 1,700 inhabitants. Tiie public buildings ure a state-house, court-house, jail, market-house, theatre, two or three banks, 2 churches, &,c. ROUTES FROM RALEIGH. To Richmond, Va., by Stage. \ To Edcnton, by Stage. Louisburg, 35 j Wakefield, 20 Warrenton, 23 58 j Turboro, 46 66 Lawrcnccville, 38 96 ! Williiimston, 34 100 Petersburg, 50 146 Jamestown, 11 111 Richmond, 21 167 I Plymouth, 13 124 ! Edenton, 14 138 RALEIGH. READING. 105 To Newburn, by Stage. Smithfield, Waynesboro, Kingston, Newbern, To Wilmington, by Stage. Fayetteville, Elizabeth, 39 Wilmington, 61 To Columbia, S. C. Fayetteville, Laurel Hill, 33 Cheraw, 28 Evans Ford, 22 Raleighs Bay, N. C. (258.) Ravenna, O. (101.) Rantales, S. C. (290.) Raymond, Me. (63.) Rappahannock R., Va. (198.) Reading, N. Y. (80.) Reading, Pa. (133.) Seat of justice of Berks county. Population in 1830, 5,859. The public buildings consist of a court-house, two banks, county offices, 7 or 8 churches, &c. The inhabitants are mostly Germans, or descendants of Germans. ROUTES FROM READING. r e - Lit. Lynches Cr. 21 162 30 Camden, 12 174 [ 54 Columbia, 32 106 ; so r 127 To Knoxmlle, T. by Stage. Branthys, 16 tage. Pittboro, 20 36 58 Ashboro, 34 70 1 97 Salisbury, 32 102 L 158 Statesville, 27 129 Morgantown, 38 167 1 Ashville, 62 229 58 Warm Springs, 36 265 I 91 Newport, T. 28 293 3 119 Dandridge, T. 15 308 I 141 Knoxville, T. 32 340 To Philadelphia, by Stage. Unionville, 6 18 Exetertown, 7 Pottstown, 3 21 Warrenburg, 5 12 Phenixville, 15 36 Pottstown, 5 17 Norristown, 12 48 Trap, 10 27 Manayunk, 9 57 Norristown, 9 36 Philadelphia, 7 64 Manayunk, 9 45 Philadelphia, 7 52 To Pottsville, by Schuylkill Canal, To Philadelphia, by Scliuyl- Hamburg, 23 kill Canal. Port Clinton, 4 27 Birdsboro, 12 Schuylkill Haven, 10 37 106 REA RHODE-ISLAND- Polfpvillo, 5 42 To Lancaster, by Stage. Fort Cm bon, 2 44 Ad;ims!own, 9 Reainstown, 5 14 To Potls-cUle, by Stage. Ephrata, 4 18 Maiden (_ reek 1 Lancaster, 13 31 1 . amburg, 8 15 Port Clinton, 5 20 To Harrisburg, by Stage. Orwigsburg, 6 26 Sinking Spring, 4 Potts ville, 8 34 Womelsdorf, 9 13 Myerstown, 7 20 To Middletown, by Union Lebanon, 6 26 Canal , Milkrslown, 5 31 Perneville, 15 Palmyra, 6 37 "Womelsdorf, 10 25 Huinnielstown, 6 43 Stouchtitown, 3 2rf Harrisburg, 9 52 Myerslown, 5 33 Lebanon, 8 41 To Easton, by Stage. Tunnel, 1 42 Kulztown, 17 Swatura river, 7 4.9 IVexlerstown, 9 26 Quittapahilla R., 11 60 Allcntown, 8 34 Middletown, 19 79 Bethlehem, 6 40 Eastun, 10 50 Reading-, O. (148.) Reister, Md. (156.) Red River, Lou. (294.) Renssellaerville, N. Y. (82.) Red Church, Lou. (323.) Eeynoldsburg, T. (207.) Redheimers, S. C. (273.) Rhode Island, state of, (111,) is divided into five coun ties. Population in 1830, 97,212. Area, 1,300 square miles. Capitals, Providence and Newport ; metropolis, Providence, lat. 41 49 N. long. 5 28 E. General elec tion, April and August. Legislature meets, first Wednes day in May, and last "Wednesday in October. Date of Charter (from Charles II.), 1663. Officers of the government for one year : governor, sala ry $400 ; lieutenant-governor, $ 200 ; secretary of state, ices and $750 ; state treasurer, $450 ; attorney-general, fees. General Assembly. Senate consists of the governor, RHODE ISLAND. 107 lieutenant-governor, and eight senators. House of repre- sentatues consists of 72 members, elected semi-annually. Judiciary, is vested in a supreme court, composed of a chief justice ($650 per annum), arid two associate judges ($550 each), and a court of common pleas, composed 01 five judges, for each county of the state. All the judges are appointed annually by the general assembly. Physical Structure. No mountains of great elevation exist in this state. In the north-west quarter, hills of con siderable magnitude occur, at frequent intervals; the sub stratum being composed almost entirely of rocks which fre quently exhibit themselves, not only on the hills, but in the valleys also. These give to this part of the state a ruggid, and exceedingly broken surface. The other three quarters may be regarded as level, with slight interruptions occa sioned by low hills : these, however, diminish in number and importance as the sea-board is approached, and within a few miles of which they terminate altogether. Lakes. Watchogg and Charles in the south west. Pavv- tuxet arid several smaller lakes in the north-west. Rivers and Bays. Narraganset Bay; Taunton, Paw- tucket, Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, Charles rivers, &c. Islands. Rhode, Connanicut, Prudence, and some smaller islands. Productions. Wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, garden vegetables, cattle, &c. &c. Towns. Providence, Newport, Bristol, S. Kingston, Pawtuckct, Burrelville, Slatersville, Pawtuxet, &.c. Internal Improvements. Rlackslone Canal, (see Massa chusetts.) Stonington Rail Road (now in progress), ex tends from Stonington in Connecticut, to Providence, 46 miles in length. A company has been incorporated to con struct a Rail Road from Providence to Norwich in Con necticut. Rhodes, T. (228.) Richland, N. Y. (57.) Rhinebeck, N. Y. (109.) Richmond, N. Y. ( 1 34.) Riceboro, G. (305.) Richmond, Ind. ( 1 48.) Richardsonville, S. C. (272.) Richmond C. H., Va. (177.) Richfield, N. Y. (81.) 108 RICHMOND. Richmond, Va. (197,) capital and metropolis of Virginia. Population in 1830, 16,085. Public buildings, state house, penitentiary, court house, Virginia armory, theatre, arid 8 or 10 handsome churches. ROUTES FROM RICHMOND. To Norfolk, by Steam Boat. Fredericksburg, 22 64 Warwick, 7 Stafford C.H. 9 73 Osborn, 10 17 Aquia, 5 78 Eppes Island, 22 39 Dumfries, 9 87 Windmill Point, 11 50 Occoquan, 9 96 Jamestown, 24 74 Alexandria, 17 113 Burrels Bay, 13 87 Washington, 9 122 Newport News, 15 102 Craney Island, 9 111 To Raleigh, N. C. by Stage. Norfolk, 6 117 Petersburg, 21 Notoway R. 32 53 To Baltimore, by Steam Lawrenceville, 18 71 Boat. RoanokeR. 19 90 Newport News, as VVarrenton, 19 109 above, 102 Louisburg, 23 132 FortCalhoun, 8110 Raleigh, 35 167 Old Pt. Comfort, 1 111 New ditto. 23 134 To Norfolk, by Stage. Rappahannoc R. 22 156 Petersburg, 2 1 Light Boat, 21 177 Cabin Point, 26 47 Cedar Point, 32 209 Surry, C. H. 14 61 Sharps Island, 25 234 Smithfield, 18 79 Herring Bay, 10 244 Nansemond R. 11 90 Thomas Point, 12 256 Norfolk, 25 115 Bodkin Pt. 20 276 North Pt. 3 279 To Knoxville, Ten. by Fort M Henry, 7 286 Stage. Baltimore, 3 289 Powhatan C. H. 32 Cumberland C. H. 25 57 To Washington City, by Lynchburg, 56 113 Stage. New London, 11 124 Hanover, C. H. 19 Liberty, 15 139 Bowlinggreen, 23 42 Big Lick, 28 167 RICHMOND. 109 Salem, 7 174 | Warm Springs, 36 168 Christiansburg, 27 201 Hot do. 5 173 Nevvbern, 17 2J8 White Sulphur Sp. 38 211 Evansham, 28 246 Lewisburg, 10 221 Mt. Airy, 15 161 Salt Works, 82 303 Abingdon, 41 302 Charleston, 4 307 Blountsville, 24 326 Guyandot, 41 348 Kingsport, 17 343 Rogcrsville, 26 369 To Winchester, via Harris Rutledge, Knoxville, 31 400 32 432 sonburg, by So. Anna R. Stage. 21 Louisa C. H. 30 51 To Guyandot, via. Warm Gordonsville, 15 66 Springs, by Stag e. Barboursville, 6 72 Goochland C. H. 29 Stannardsville, 15 87 Columbia, 19 48 Magaughey T. 23 110 Monticello, 17 65 Harrisonburg, 11 121 Charlottesville, & ) o 70 Mt. Pleasant, 25 146 University of Va. o /o Woodstock, 13 159 York, 19 97 Strasburg, 11 170 Waynesboro, 6 103 Newtown, 11 181 Staunton, 12 115 Winchester, 8 189 Gap, 17 132 Richmond, K. (190.) Ridgefield, N. Y. (58.) Ridgeville, Pa. (131.) Ridge, S. C. (27-2.) R. des Moines, (90.) R. St. Croix, Me. (21.) R. St. Francis, L. C. (16.) R. St. Lawrence, U. C. (33 ) River St. Clair, U.C. (51.) River Head, N. Y. (136.) Rivers, S. C. (272.) Roanoke R., Va. (216.) Roanoke inlet, N. C. (23J.) Robbinston, Me. (42.) Robertsville, S. C. (289.) Rochester Rail Road, see N. York, (56.) Rochester and Batavia R. Road, see N. York, (56.) Roanoke Navigation, see N. Carolina & Va. (216.) Room Run Rail Road, see Pennsylvania, (133.) Reading R. R. see Pa. (133.) Rappnhannoc Navigation, see Virginia, (176.) Richmond and Petersburg Rail Road, see Va.(197.) Richmond and Fredericks- burg Rail Road, see Va.. (197.) 10 110 ROCHESTER. Rochester, N. Y. (56,) a large commercial and manufac turing city, in Monroe county, situated on the Genesee river, above the great falls, and six miles from its entrance into Lake Ontario ; founded in 1812; population is about 16,000. Public buildings, &c. court house, jail, twelve churches, two banks, arcade and observatory, a splendid aqueduct, 804 feet long, and five or six excellent hotels, bath house, &c. &c. ROUTES FROM ROCHESTER. To Albany by Erie Canal , Tonnewanta, 1083 Pitts ford, 10 Buffalo, 12 95 Palmyra, 19 29 Newark, 8 37 To Niagara Falls. Lyons, 7 44 Parma, by ridge road, 11 Clyde, 9 53 Clarkson, 7 18 Montezuma, 1 1 64 Gainsville, 15 33 Jordan, 15 79 Oak Orchard, 7 40 Syracuse, 20 99 Hartland, 14 54 Manlius, 9 108 Cambria, 11 66 Canistota, 16 124 Lewistovvn, 15 81 Rome, 21 145 Niagara Falls, 6 87 Utica, 15 160 Little Falls, 22 182 To Utica. Canajoharie, 19 201 Pittsford, 8 Amsterdam, 23 224 Mendon, 7 15 Schenectady, 16 240 Bloomfield, 5 20 Albany, 28 268 Canandaigua, 9 29 Geneva, 16 45 To Buffalo by Erie Canal. Cayuga 14 50 Ogden, Auburn, 9 68 Adams Basin, 3 15 West Hills, 21 89 Brockport, 5 20 Lenox, 26 115 Holly, 5 25 Utica, 26 141 Albion, 10 35 Wrightsville, 11 46 To Buffalo, by Stage. Middleport, 9 55 Bergen, 17 Lockport, 9 64 Batavia, 13 30 Pendleton, 9 73 Pembroke, 14 44 ROC Ransoms Grove, Williamsville, SAN 8 52 8 60 Buffalo, 111 10 70 Rock R., 11. (93.) Rock Ft., Lou. (279.) Rockaway, N. Y. (135.) Rock Haven, II. (186.) Rockford, N. C. (214.) Rockport, Ind. (188.) Rockville, Ind. (145.) Rockville, Md. (155.) Rockingham, N. C. (235.) Rockymount, Va. (215.) Rogers, Pa. (106.) Rome, N. Y. (58.) Rome, N. Y. (108.) Rome, Ind. (167.) Romney, Va. (154.) Saluda Canal, see S. Caro lina, (253.) Savannah and Ogechee Canal, seeGa. (289.) Seneca CanaJ, see N.Y. (80.) Schencctady and Saratoga Rail Road, see N.Y. (83.) Schencctady and Ulica Rail Road, see N. Y. (82.) Sc/ntyikill Navigation, see Pa. (134.) Schuylkill Valley Rail Road, see Pa. (132.) Schuylkill Rail Road, see Pa. (132.) Schuylkill (Little)BatZ Road, see Pa. (133.) Stonington Rail Road, see Rhode Island, (111.) Salem Canal, see New Jer sey, (157.) Rossville, T. (229.) Rotterdam, N.Y. (58.) Rouses Point, L. C. (15.) Rowlando, (255.) Royalton, Vt. (61.) Rumford, Me. (39.) Rushville, II. (118.) Rushville, Ind. (147.) Russel, N. Y. (34.) Russelvillc, K. (208.) Russelville, Ala. (247.) Rutland, Vt. (61.) Rutledge, T. (211.) Rutherfordton, N. C. (233.) Ryegate, Vt. (37.) S. South Carolina Rail Road, see S. Carolina, (273.) Santee Canal, see S. Caro lina, (273.) Sabine Lake, Lou. (319.) Sabine R., Lou. (306.) Sacket s Harb., N. Y. (57.) Saco, Me. (63.) Sagharbor, N. Y. (136.) Salem, Mass. (86.) Salem, O. (148.) Salem N. J. (157.) Salisbury, N. H. (62.) Salem, II. (165.) Salt Works, II. (121.) Salt Licks, Lou. (278.) Salt River, Mo. (141.) Salubria, N. Y. (80.) Saltzburg, Pa. (129.) Sandersville, Ga. (288.) 112 SARATOGA SPRINGS. Sandusky Bay, O. (100.) Santa Rosa Bay, F. (313.) Sandusky C., O. (100.) Sautaffe Bay, Fl. (328.) Sandwich, U. C. (74.) Santee R., S. C. (273.) Sandwich, Mass. (1 12.) Santilla R., Ga. (304.) Sandy Point, Mass. (112.) Sapclo Sound, Ga. (305.) Sandy Hook, N. Y. (135.) Sauk Village, II. (92.) Sandy Hill, N. Y. (60.) Slate Kavigalion, see Vir- Sangamo R., II. (144.) ginia, (196.) Sangerfield, N. Y. (81.) Shenandon/i Navigation, see Santa Rosa I., F. (312.) Virginia, (175.) Saratoga Springs, N. Y. (60.) The most celebrated of these springs, 7 in number, occupy the central part of Sara toga county, and are about equi-distant from Schnectady and Glenn s falls. Every accommodation is afforded the visi- ters, by the spacious and elegant hotels, which abound here. The most noted of these are, Congress Hall, near the Congress Springs, United States Hotel, in the centre of the village, the Pavillion, near Flat Rock Spring, Union Hall, Opposite Congress Hall, Columbian Hotel, near the Pavilion, Washington Hall, in the north end of the village, together with some other hotels and boarding houses. There are also commodious bathing houses, circulating library, reading rooms, mirieralogical cabinet, &c. &c. ROUTES FROM SARATOGA SPRINGS. To Albany, by Rail Road. Ballston Spa, 6 Schnectady, 14 20 Albany, 16 36 To Albany, via Waterford. Ballston Spa, 6 Wateribrd, 12 28 Troy, 4 32 Albany 6 40 To Whitehall by Stage. Northumberland, 4 Glenn s falls, and Sandy hill, 15 19 Fort Ann, 10 29 Whitehall, 12 41 Savannah, Ga. (289,) metropolis of Georgia. Population in 1830, 7,303. Public buildings, &c. exchange, banks, academy, several handsome churches, public squares, &c, SAVANNAH. ROUTES FROM SAVANNAH. 113 To Augusta, by Steam Boat. To Augusta, by Stage. Arg-yle Island, 7 Abercorn, 17 Isla I. 8 15 Ebenezer, 8 25 Purisburg, 16 31 Jacksonboro, 45 70 Beck s Ferry, 5 36 Augusta, 65 135 Ebenezer, 10 46 Sisters Ferry Hudson s Ferry, 19 65 25 90 To Milledgeville, by Stage. Gr. Ogechee R. 20 Blanket Point, 5 95 Statesboro, 29 49 Brier Creek, 16 111 Sandersville, 86 135 Burton s Ferry, 24 135 Milledgeville, 28 163 Lower 3 runs, 11 146 Steel Creek, 12 158 To St. Mary s, by Stage. Limestone Bluff, 13 171 Bryan, old C. H. 17 Dog Ferry, 3 174 Riceboro, 17 34 Demaries Ferry, 11 185 Barrington, 20 54 Gray s Landing", 10 195 Buffalo Cr. 14 63 Wallicon s Ferry, 29 2 : 24 Scilla R. 10 73 Augusta, 7 231 Jefferson, 20 98 . St. Mary s, 20 118 To Charleston, by Steam ___ Boat. To Darien, by Stage. Fort Jackson, 3 Sunbury, Elba Island, 5 8 Sapelo, 16 36 Long I. 3 11 Darien, 12 48 Bloody Point, 6 17 Hilton Head, 18 35 To Charleston, by Stage. Trancard s Inlet, 4 39 New River, 14 Fripp s Inlet, 12 51 Hog-town, 9 23 St. Helena Sound, 9 60 Coosawhatchie, 17 40 S. Edisto Inlet, 3 63 Pocotaligo, 6 46 N. do. do. 13 76 Parker s Ferry, 32 78 Stono Inlet, 14 90 Guerin s Ferry, 17 95 Coffin I. L. House, 11 101 Charleston, 11 106 Fort Moultrie, 6 107 Charleston, 4 111 Savannah R., Ga. (290.) Schenectady, N. Y, (83.) 10* 114 SOUTH CAROLINA. Scodic Pt., Me. (41.) Seawright, S.C. (273.) Sellers, Pa. (133.) Selma, Ala. (283.) Seneca Ind., U. C. (77.) Seneca L., N. Y. (80.) Shakers, (61.) Shallow Lakes, N. H. (31.) Shandeean, N. Y. (82.) Sheffield, Mass, (83.) Shelbyville, II. (144.) Shelby ville, Jnd. (147.) Sher bourne, N.Y. (81.) Shieldsboro, Miss. (310-) Shippensburg, Pa. (131.) Shinersville, Pa. (106.) Shirleyburg, Pa. (131.) Shoreham, Vt. (60.) Shoal R., II. (11 8.) Shullsburg, Mich. (66.) Sidney, Me. (40.) Sistersville, Va. (151.) Three Sister s Islands, Mich. (99.) Skeneateles, N. Y. (80.) Small Pt., Me. (54.) Smithport, Pa. (104.) Smithfield, Va. (152.) Smyrna, Del. (157.) Solon, N.Y. (81.) Somerset, Pa. (129.) Somerset, O. (150.) Somerville, N. J. (134.) Sorcl, Lou. (322.) Sorrel R., L. C. (15.) So. Bend, Ind. (96.) Sotos, Lou. (277.) South Carolina, state of, (253) ; is divided into 29 dis, tricts. Population in 1830, 581,458, including 315,665 slaves; area, 31,750 square miles; capital, Columbia; metropolis, Charleston; lat. 32 45 N. long-. 2 53 W, General election, second Monday in October, biennially. Legislature meet, fourth Monday in November ; constitu tion formed 1790, since amended. Government. Governor term of office two years, salary, $3,500, chosen by the general assembly lieutenant- governor, &c. Legislature : The legislative power is vested in a senate having 45 members, elected for four years, one half being chosen biennially ; and a house of representatives, composed of 124 members, elected for two years; these bodies are styled the General Assembly. Judiciary. Consists of a court of appeals, composed of three judges, who receive $3,500 per annum, each ; a court of equity, with two judges, styled chancellors, each of whom receives $3,500 per annum; and a court of general sessions SOUTH CAROLINA. 115 and common pleas, six judges, with a salary to each of $3,500 per annum. Physical Structure. The entire sea coast and for several miles inland, the surface is remarkably level. The soil consists of swamps and marches, insterspersed with ridges sufficiently elevated merely to escape submersion, some of which are quite inaccessible, and are thus rendered useless. After passing the alluvial border, which is marked by the great road leading from Fayetteville to Augusta, the coun try assumes a more undulating appearance ; the hills in crease in number and magnitude, until they become so numerous as to form continuous ridges; these continue to enlarge in proceeding westward, and ultimately form the spurs and flanks of the great blue ridge, which here forms a part of the boundary of the state. Rivers. Pedee ; Waccamaw; Little Pedee ; Lynches Creek ; Santee ; Wateree ; Catawba ; Congaree ; Broad ; Tyger ; Ennorce ; Saluda ; Cooper; Ashley; PJdisto; Combahee, and Savannah. Islands. North I.; Murphey ; Cape Roman; Bulls; Dewecs ; Sullivans ; Holly; Johns; Wadrnelaw ; Edisto ; Reynolds; Hunting; St. Helena; Ladies; Port Royal; Hilton Head, &c. &c. Productions. Cotton, rice tobacco, fruits, &c. &c. Totcns. Charleston, Columbia, Georgetown, Cheraw, Camden, Yorkville, Spartanburg, Pendlelon, Abbeville, Edgefielci, Hamburg, Beaufort, &c. &c. Internal Improvements. South Carolina Rail Road, commences at Charleston, and terminates in the town of Hamburg opposite Augusta, entire length, 135-75 miles. It is proposed to construct a branch to Orangcburg, and thence to Columbia, &c. and another to Barnwell C. H. Santee Canal connects the harbour of Charleston with the Santee, length 22 miles. Winyaw Canal, extends from Win- yaw Bay to Kinlock Creek, a branch of Santee river, length 7-40 miles. The navigation of the Catawba has been im proved by the construction of several small canals. Saluda Canal, extends from the head of Saluda shoals to Granby Ferry on the Congaree, 6-20 miles in length. Drehr s Canal, 116 SPA SYR is designed to overcome a fall of 120 feet in Saluda river, length 1 1-3 miles. Lorick s Canal, on Broad river, 1 miles above Columbia, 1 mile long. LockharCs Canal, in Union District, around Lockhart s shoals, in Broad river, 2 3-4 miles long. Spains, Ga. (286.) Sparta, Lou. (279.) Sparta, Ala. (299.) Spencer, N. Y. (80.) Spencer, Ind. (146.) Spillers, Lou. (309.) Springfield, Mass. (84.) Springfield, II. (143.) Springfield, O. (149.) Springfield, Lou. (309.) Springfield, Va. (154.) Springs, Schooley s Mt., N. J. (134.) Squam Beach, N. J. (134.) St. Albans, Vt. (36.) St. A maud, L. C. (16.) St. Andrew s Bay, Fl. (314.) St. Andrew s Sd., Ga. (318.) St. Augustine, Fl. (330.) St. Catharine s Sound, Ga. (305.) St. Charles, Mo. (163.) St. Clairsville, O. (128.) St. Clair, Mich. (74.) St. Dennis, L. C., (15.) St. Francisville, Lou. (308.) St Gabriel, Lou. (308.) St. Helena Sound, S. C. (290.) St. Helena, Lou. (309.) St. Joseph s R., Ind. (97.) St. Johns s R., Fl. (318.) St Louis, Mo. (163.) St. Marks, Fl. (315.) St. Martins, Lou. (308.) St. Mary s R., Ga. (317.) St. Mary s, Ga. (318.) St. Regis, L. C. (14.) St. Simons I., Ga. (305.) St. Stephens, Ala. (2!)8.) St. Sulpice, L. C. (15.) Stafford, Ct. (110.) Statesboro, Ga. (289.) Stedham, PI. (314.) Sterling, 11. (145.) Steubenville, O. (128.) Stillwatcr, N. Y. (83.) Stoddardsville, Pa. (107.) Stockbridge, Mass, (83.) Stockport, Pa. (107.) Stoystown, Pa. (130.) Strasburg, Pa. (156.) Strawberry Ferry, S. C. (274.) Stuart T., N. H. (38.) Sturbridge, Mass. (84.) Sturgeon Pt., N. Y. (77.) SullivansL, S. C. (291.) Sun bury, Pa. (1.32.) Susquebanna R., Pa. (105.) Suwanee R., Ga. (316.) Suvvanee, Fl. (328.) Swansboro, Ga. (288.) Sweatz, Lou. (307.) Swedesboro, N. J. (157.) Syracuse, N. Y. (57.) TALLAHASSEE. TENNESSEE. 117 Tallapoosa R., Al. (268.) Talbot Ft. U. C. (76.) Tallahasse, Fl. (315.) Capital of Florida, founded and immediately incorporated as a city, in 1855. Population about 1500. The public buildings are the capital, some churches, &c. ROUTES FROM TALLAHASSEE. To Pensacola. Richardson, 29 45 Salubrity, 10 Suwance ferry, 30 75 Aspalaga, 34 44 Dells P.,0. 54 129 Chipalo, ]6 60 Picolati, 55 184 Choctawhatchee R., 47 107 St. Augustine, 22 206 Andersons, 58 165 Pensacola, 37 202 To Lake lamony, 9 To Lake Jackson, 4 To St. Augustine. To St. Marks, 21 Gadsden, 16 Taylorsville, Va. (214.) Taylor, Ga. (289.) Tecumseh, Mich. (73.) Tolland, Ct. (110.) Tennessee R., T. (206.) Tennessee R., Ala. (248.) Taney T., Md. (155.) Tappahannock, Va. (198.) Tarboro, N. C. (237.) Tarleton, O. (150.) Tatesville, Ala. (299.) Tattnall C. H., Ga. (288) Taunton, Mass. (111.) Tennessee, state of, (226,) is divided into 63 counties. Population in 1830, 681,903, including 141,603 slaves. Area 40,200 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Nash ville ; Lat. 36 07 N. Long. 9 44 W. General election, first Thursday, and Friday in August, biennially. Legis lature meet, third Monday in September every second year; date of constitution 1796. Government. Governer, term of office two years, salary $2,000 per annum ; legislature is composed of a senate and house of representatives, styled the General Assembly, the members of both are elected biennially, and receive each $4 a day during the session of the legislature. Judiciary. The supreme court of errors and appeals consists of three judges, salary of each $1,800 per annum, 118 TENNESSEE. two chancellors, $1,500 each. There are eleven circuits, and a like number of judges, salary of each $1,300, per annum. Physical Structure. The most elevated portion of this stale is a ridge of mountains which divides it from the state of North Carolina, to which several local "names have been applied. The most noted of these are Unika, Iron, Smoky Bald, and Stone mountains. These several mountains form a single ridge of the Alleghenies, which next to the blue ridge on the east, is the most elevated in the series. In descending the ridge just mentioned, westward, several inferior mountains occur at frequent intervals, from which spurs issue in all directions, and thus modify and establish the hydrogaphy of this portion of the state. The same, or nearly a similar configuration, marks the country in the west of the Tennessee river, whose bed, though in a deep valley, is greatly elevated alove the base of tide water. A few miles west from and nearly parallel with the Ten- nessee the Cumberland mountain attains its greatest height, and presents a remarkable feature in the geology of this part of the stale. The Cumberland mountain so called assumes the appearance, and is in fact an extensive pla teau, elevated probably, from 1,200 to 1,500 feet above the ocean. The mean width of this table-land is not. less than 40 miles ; the western shelf of the Cumberland plateau, forms, with the exception of some hills, the last of the nu merous elevations which distinguish the whole of the eas tern part of the state, which is emphatically a " moun tain region." Immediately west of the Cumberland, but few hills are seen, and the country generally begins to assume a level aspect; further west, the surface continues to decline until it is again broken by the Tennessee, which here intersects the state from south to north ; all beyond is comparatively level, no elevation deserving the name of mountain, existing in the entire space between the Tennessee and Mississippi rivers. Rivers. Mississippi, Obion, Forked-deer, Hatchy and Wolf, branches of the Mississippi. Tennessee, French- TENNESSEE. TRENTON. 119 Broad, Holston, Clinch, Tliwassee, Elk, Duck, &c. branches of the Tennessee. Cumberland ; Clear Fork, Obeys, Caney, and Stones, branches of the Cumberland. Productions. Wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, corn, cotton, tobacco, hemp, garden vegetables, and fruits of many sorts. Towns. Knoxville, Kingston, Washington, Clinton, Rutledge, Newport, Bluntsvillc, &c. in east Tennessee. Nashville, Franklin, Columbia, Murfreesboro, M Minnville, Fayctteville, &c. in the Centre ; and Memphis, Bolivar, Brownsville, Lexington, Jackson, Trenton, Dresden and Reynoldsburg in West Tennessee. Internal 1/nprovements. None yet completed. Naviga ble communication between the waters of the Tennessee and those of the Coosa, are contemplated. A Rail Road from the town of Randolph on the Mississippi, to Jackson in Madison county, 65 miles, and one from Nashville to New Orleans, are proposed, and measures for insuring their early completion, have been adopted. Terre Haute, Ind. (145.) Ticonderoga, N. Y. (60.) Tazwell, T. (211.) Tirnballier Bay, Lou. (323.) Tessuntee, N. C. (231.) Tioga R., N. Y. (79.) Texes, Mex. (274.) Tolosa, Fl. (329.) Theobald, K. (169.) Tornbecbee R., Ala. (282.) Thomasvillc, Ga. (316.) Tomkinsville, K. (209.) Thompson, Ct. (111.) Towanda, Pa. (106.) Thompsons, S. C. (290.) Towson, Ark. (260.) Thornton, N. H. (62.) Trenton, Me. (41.) Thorntown, Ind. (122.) Trenton, N. Y. (58.) Thurlow, U. C. (32.) Trenton, N. J. (134.) Capital of New Jersey. Popula- tion about 5000. The public buildings are, a state-house, two banks, jail, several large cotton- factories, &c. ROUTES FROM TRENTON. To Philadelphia , by Stage. Tullytown, 7 Bristol, 4 11 Holrnsburg, 11 22 Frankford, 4 26 Philadelphia, 5 31 120 TRENTON. TROY. To Philadelphia, by S. Bt. To Crosswicks, by Stage. Laniberton, 2 Bloomsbury, 1 Bordentown, 4 6 White Horse, 3 4 Bristol, 9 15 Sand Hills, onC. &. A. Burlington, 1 16 Kail Road, 2 6 Bridesburg, 16 32 Crosswicks, 3 9 Philadelphia, 3 35 To New Brunswick, by Del To Easton, Pa. by Stage. aware and Raritan Canal. Penington, 9 Millham, 1 Ringoes, 10 19 Williarnsburg, 10 11 Fleinington, 6 25 Kingston, 3 14 Pittstown, 9 34 Rocky Hill, 2 16 Hickorytown, Griggstown, 2 18 Blooinsbury, 5 43 Blackwells, 4 22 Easton, 8 51 Millstone, 3 25 Boundbrook, 5 30 To New York, by Stage. New Brunswick, 7 37 Princeton, 10 Kingston, 3 13 To Bordentown, by Dela New Brunswick, 13 26 ware and Raritan Canal. Milton, 13 39 Bloomsbury, 1 Elizabethtown, 5 44 Larnberton, 1 2 Newark, 6 50 Bordentown, 4 6 New York, 10 60 To Saxtonville, by Canal. To New York, by Stage and Yardleyville Ferry, 5 Steam Boat. Jacobs Creek, 2 7 New Brunswick, as Titusville, 3 10 above, 26 Belle Mt. 3 13 Perth Amboy, 12 38 Lambertville and New York, 25 63 New Hope, 3 16 Prattsville, 5 21 Saxtonville, 3 24 Trenton, T. (226.) Troupsville, N. Y. (56.) Trenton, N. C. (,237.) Troy, N. Y. (83.) A large and flourishing city, and seat of justice for Ranssellaer county. Its population is about 15,000 with numerous elegant public buildings and TRO UNI 121 private dwellings. Among the former are four banks, seven churches, a court-house, &c. ROUTES FROM TROY. To Whitehall, by Champlain Sandy Hill, 2 50 Canal. Kingsbury, 4 54 Lansingburg, 4 Fort Ann, 4 58 Anthony s Kill, 10 14 Whitehall, 12 70 Stillwatcr, 3 17 (For routes to Montreal, Bcrnis Heights, 4 21 Utica, Buffalo, &c. see Fort Miller, 12 43 " Routes from Albany.") Fort Edward, 5 48 , Tanneicanta Canal, see N. York. Troy and Ballston Rail Road, see N. York, (83.) Troy, O. (124.) Troy, Ind. (167.) Troy, Ten. (205.) Truxtun, N. Y. (80.) Truxville, O. (126.) Tuckcrton, N. J. (158.) Ufallah, Ga. (301.) Unadilla, N. Y. (81.) Underwood, Ala. (246.) Underwoods, Miss. (264.) Union, N. Y. (83.) Union Canal, (132) see Pa. Tuckersville, Ga. (305.) Tulins, Lou. (277.) Tunkhannock, Pa. (107.) Turner, N. C. (2 1 7.) Tuscaloosa, Ala. (266.) Tuscaloosa R., Ala. (266.) Tuscumbia, Ala. (247.) Tuscumbia Rail Road, see Alabama, (246.) Tushcacuta, Miss. (246.) U, Union, Pa. (153.) Union Canal, (85.) see N. H. Union, Mo. (163.) Union, S. C. (253.) Union T., Va. (194.) Unity, Me. (40.) United States of North America, or "AMERICA," as they are termed by foreigners, consist of the following States, Territories and Districts. States. Maine; New Hampshire; Vermont; Massa chusetts; Rhode Island ; Connecticut; New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania; Delaware; Maryland; Virginia; North Carolina; South Carolina; Georgia; Alabama; Mississippi : Louisiana ; Tennessee ; Kentucky ; Missouri ; Illinois; Indiana, and Ohio. 11 122 UNITED STATES. Territories. Michigan, Arkansas, and Florida, Districts. Columbia; Sioux; Mandan ; Oregon ; Osage ; Ozirk and Huron; which last is attached to Michigan. The Districts of Oregon, Mandan, Sioux, and Ozark, comprehend the entire region lying west of the states of Missouri and Illinois, and the territories of Arkansas and Michigan. The whole having a population according to the census of 1630, of 12,835,106, and an area of 2,037,165 square miles. (A more detailed account of the States, &c. will be found under the head of each.) Capital, Washington, lat. 33 53 N. Metropolis, New York, lat. 40 43 N. long. 2 55 E. Congress meet, first Monday in December. Date of Constitution, September 17th, 1787. The elections for President, and members of the Senate and House of Representatives are determined by the state governments respectively, and occur at differ ent periods. The president is elected for four years ; the members of the senate for six, arid those of the House of Representatives, for two years. Government. The executive department, consists of a President, who receives $25,000, and a Vice-President, $5,000 per annum. Four Secretaries who are respectively charged with the duties of the various departments of state, the treasury, war, and the navy. Each of the secretaries receive a salary of $6,000 per annum; one post master general, $6,000 ; and an attorney general, $3,500. These hold their offices at the will of the president. Department of State. The secretary of this branch of the government, conducts the diplomatic correspondence at home and abroad ; negotiates treaties with foreign powers ; disseminates the acts of Congress and all treaties ; grants passports; has charge of the patent office, and of the seal of the United States, &. &c. The secretary of the treasury, superintends all fiscal concerns of the government, and, upon his own responsibi lity, recommends to Congress measures for improving the condition of the revenue, and settles all government ac counts, in which he is aided by two comptrollers, five UNITED STATES. 123 auditors, a treasurer and a register. The General Land Office is a subordinate branch of this department. The secretary of war has the superintendence of mili tary affairs generally; the erection of fortifications; of making- topographical surveys; surveying and leasing the national lead mines, and of the intercourse with Indian tribes. The secretary of the navy issues all orders to the navy of the United States, and superintends the concerns of the navy establishment generally. The board of navy com missioners consisting of three officers of the navy, is at tached to the office of the secretary of the navy. This board discharges all the ministerial duties of that office. General Post Office. This department is- under the su perintendence of the post master general, who has two assistants. The post master general has the sole appoint ment of all the post masters throughout the United States, and the direction of every thing relating to this department. The Legislature, consists of a Senate and House of Representatives; meet once every year. The Senate is composed of 48 members ; two from each state. They are chosen by the legislatures of the several states, for the term of six years, one-third of them being elected biennially. The vice president of the United States is president of the Senate. In his absence a president pro tempore is chosen by the Senate. The House of Representatives is composed of members from each of the slates, elected by the people for a term of two years. The present number of representatives is 235, and three delegates, one from each of the territories. The Judiciary. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice, with a salary of $5000 per annum, and six associ ate justices, who receive annually $4500 each ; one attor ney-general, clerk, marshal, &c. The Supreme Court meets once a year, on the second Monday in January. Circuit Courts. Each of the justices of the Superme Court, attends also in a certain circuit, consisting of two or more districts, appropriated to each, and, in conjunction with the judge of the district, compose a Circuit Court, which is held in each district of the circuit twice a year. 124 UNI VANDALIA. The District courts are held respectively by the district judge alone. They are composed of twcnty-cightjudges, to each of whom a certain district is assigned. Each ol these districts embraces an entire state, except those of New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Tennessee, which are divided into two districts each. (For information on the physical structure, productions, &c. of the United States, see the individual states.) University, N. C. (235.) Uppcrville, Va. (155.) Upper Canada, U. C. (54.) Urbzinna, O. (1 25.) Upper Marlboro, Md. (177.) Urbanna, Va. (198.) Upper Sandusky , O. (1 25.) Utica, N. Y. (58.) Vacasausa B., FJ. (328.) Vance, G. (250.) Vandalia, II. (164,) capital of the state of Illinois. Popu lation, 1,500. STAGE ROUTES FROM VANDALIA. To Terre Haute. To America. Ewington, 31 Salem, 25 Embarras R. 28 59 Mt. Vernon, 24 49 Terre Haute, 4G 105 Frankfort, 30 79 _____ Vienna, 36 115 To St. Louis, Mo. America, 25 140 Greenville, 16 Edwardsville, 33 49 To Kaskaskia. St. Louis, 20 69 Carlyle, 28 Covington, 10 38 To Vincennes. New Nashville, 8 46 Maysville, 45 Kaskaskia, 40 86 Lawrenceville, 42 87 Vincennes, 10 97 To Galena. Springfield, 70 To Sfiawneetown. Elk Hart Grove, 8 78 Salem, 25 Athens, 10 88 Mt. Vernon, 24 49 Pekin, 40 128 M Leansboro, 30 79 Little Prairie, 9 137 Shawneetown, 28 107 Peoria, 1 138 Rock River, 76 214 Gelena, 63 277 VERMONT. 125 Vansville, Md. ( 1 56.) Venus, II. (1 1 7.) Vareens, S. C. (-275.) Vcrgennes, Vt. (3G.) Varermes, S. C. (252.) Vennillion R., II. (120.) Vassalboro, Me. (40.) Vermillion Bay, FJ. (321.) Vermont, state of, (84,) is divided into 13 counties. Po pulation in 1830, 280,679. Area, 9,800 square miles. Capi tal, Montpelier. Metropolis, Bennington, lat. 42 53 N. long. 3 45 LO. General election, first Tuesday in Septem ber. Legislature meet, second Thursday in October. Constitution formed, 1777. Government. Governor, salary 8750 per annum. Lieu tenant-governor, and a council of 12 persons, who are all chosen annually. Legislature consists of a single body, a house of representatives, the members of which are elected annually, and are styled the General Assembly. Judiciary: consists of a supreme court, having a chief justice and four associate judges, and a county court for each county, composed of one of the judges of the supreme court and Uvo assistant judges, all elected annually by the general assembly. A council of censors (13 persons), is chosen every seven years, for the purpose of inquiring whether the laws have been faithfully executed, &c. Physical Structure. Vermont, as its name implies, is a mountainous region. The great Allegheny mountains pass through the entire length of the state, separating the waters of the Connecticut, from those running into Lake Cham- plain. A few miles east from Middlebury, a spur leaves the main ridge, and passing in a north-eastern course, is successively broken by Onion, Lamoelle and Misisque rivers. The space intervening between the primary arid secondary ranges, forms a table-land having a mean alti tude of not less than 800 feet above the surface of Lake Champlain. This plateau, in its turn, supports a multitude of hills and mountain peaks, in some places insulated, and in others forming continuous ranges of several miles in ex tent. Besides the ridges just mentioned, other mountains of great elevation, occur in the south-western part of the state, altogether presenting a surface exceedingly rough and uneven. 11* 126 VERMONT. VIRGINIA. Lakes. Champlain, Memphramagog, Seymour, West- more, Trout, Bombazine, fcc. Rivers. Connecticut, White, Pasumsick, Black, Missis- que, La Moelle, Onion, Otter, &c. Islands. North Hero, South Hero, La Motte, &c. Productions. Wheat, rye, barley, Indian corn, oats, pot and pearl ashes, provisions, &,c. Towns. Montpelier, Bennington, Burlington, Middle- bury, Windsor, Woodstock, Rutland, Danville, Fayetteville, Vergennes, St. Albans, &c. <fcc. Internal Improvements. tifllows Falls Canal, around those falls, hah a mile long. Water quechy Canal. W/iite River Canal. All the preceding canals are designed to overcome falls in the Connecticut river. Vernon, N. Y. (58.) Versailles, K. (1 69.) Vernon, O. (102.) Vevay, Ind. ( 1 68.) Vernon, N. J. (108.) Vicksburg, Miss. (279.) Vernon, Ind. (1 47.) Victor, N. Y. (79.) Vernon, T. (2*7.) Vienna, Md. (178.) Vernon, Ga. (288.) Vienna, II. (186.) Versailles, Ind. (147.) Vincennes, Ind. (166.) Virginia, state of, (193,) is divided into 116 counties. Population in 1830, 1,211,272, including 489,724 slaves. Area, 66,6~24 square miles. Capital and metropolis, Rich mond. Lat. 37 32 N. Long. 26 W. Constitution amended and adopted in 1830. General election, April. Legislature meet, first Monday in December. Government. Governor elected by the General Assembly term of office, three years, salary 3,333 1-3. Lieutenant- governor, $1,000. Two counsellors, each $1000. Trea surer and auditor, each $2000. Legislature, styled the General Assembly of Virginia, consists of a senate arid house of delegates. The senate consists of 32 members: and the house of delegates of 134, of whom 31 are elected by the counties in western Virginia. The legislature meets annually on the 1st Monday in December, at Richmond, the capital of the state. Judiciary. The court of appeals consists of a president with a salary of $2,720, and four other judges, whos alary VIRGINIA. 127 is $2,500 each. This court holds two sessions annually, one at Richmond for East Virginia ; the other at Lewisburg in Greenbier county, for West Virginia, including all the counties west of the blue ridge, commencing on the first Monday in July, and continuing ninety days, if business requires it. General Court. The state is divided into ten districts and twenty circuits. There are twenty judges, one for each circuit. A circuit superior court of law and chancery is held twice every year in each county and corporation. Physical Structure.. All that portion of the state which lies east of the road leading from Fredericksburg to Peters burg, &c. comprising about 8,000 square miles, is level and but little elevated above the ocean ; some parts of it are constantly, and others occasionally inundated. The coun try which intervenes between that just mentioned and the Blue ridge, is much broken, its ascents abrupt and rocky, and presents other characteristics of a mountainous region. West of the Blue ridge, the entire region consists of a sue- cession of elevated ridges, between which, valleys of great fertility occur, these, although greatly depressed below the summits of the adjacent mountains, are elevated several hundred feet above the ocean tides. After passing the Allegheny mountain, the surface is much broken by the action of the waters, as they passed over the surface of that immense inclined plane, and thus formed those deep chasms and ravines, through which the streams generally flow. To this abrasion may be ascribed the mountainous appearance which the western part of the state presents. What appears to be mountains, are how ever nothing more than buttresses which support the table land in the rear. The natural geography of the state may be thus briefly defined ; in the east, level ; in the centre, mountainous ; and in the west, hilly with extensive elevated plains. Bays and rivers. Chesapeake Bay, and rivers Potomac, south branch of Potomac, Shenandouh, Rappahannoc, York, James, Appomattox, Nottoway, Roanoke, Dan, &c. in the east ; Ohio, Monongahela, Cheat, Great and Little Kanawha 128 VIRGINIA. Elk, Gauley, Greenbricr, New, Guyandot, Sandy, Clinch, Holston, &,e., in the western part. Productions. Wheat, rye, Indian corn, oats, buck wheat, tobacco, &c. Salt is manufactured in large quantities in the western part of the state, gold is found in Spotsylvania, and some of the adjacent counties. Towns. Richmond, Petersburg, Norfolk, Lynchburg, Fredericksburg, Williamsburg, Charlottsville, Fairfax, War, renton, Leesburg, east of the blue ridge. Winchester, Staunton, Harrison burg, Warm Spiings, Wheeling, Par- kersburg, Charleston, Pt. Pleasant, Abington, &.c. in the west. Internal Improvements. James River Canal, is merely a series of 12 locks, which connects the river with a basin at Richmond 80 feet above tide water. From this basia proceeds the Richmond Canal, 25 feet wide, and 4 deep, for 2 miles, when it unites with the river. Three miles fur. ther is a short canal of three locks, around a fall of 34 feet. James and Jackson River Canal and Navigation, com mences at the basin at Richmond, and extends to Maiden s Adventure Falls, 30| miles. Balcony Falls Canal extends along the bank of Jarnes river, through a gap of the Blue ridge, length G-81 miles. An extension of the James River Canal, is now in course of execution. The Roanoke im provement consist of a slack water navigation, and extends from the Wcldon Canal in N. Carolina to Salem in Vir ginia, 244 miles. The Dan, Chowan, Slate, Rappahannoc, Shenandoah, Potomac, Monongahela, and Kanawha rivers, have been similarly improved. Dismal Swamp Canal, ex tends from Deep Creek, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, to Joyces Creek, a branch of Pasquotank river of Albemarle sound, length 23 miles. Two lateral Canals, one from Lake Drummond, 5 miles in length, which in addition to its uses for the purposes of navigation, serves as a feeder to the main trunk ; and the other 6 miles long, opens a com munication between the principal canal, and the head waters of North West River. Rail Roads. Manchester Rail Road, extends from Manchester to the coal mines, length 13 miles. Winchester Rail Road extends from Harper s Ferry to Winchester, length 30 miles. Peters- VIRGINIA. WARM SPRINGS. 129 burg and Roanoke Rail Road, extends from Petersburg in Virginia, to Blakely at the foot of the Roanoke canal, in N. Carolina, length 59-38 miles. A branch from this road leaves the main lines about 10 miles from Blakely, which extends to the head of the rapids of Roanoke length about 12 miles. Portsmouth and Roanoke Rail Road, commences at Portsmouth opposite Norfolk, passes in a direct course, intersects the Petersburg Road, 6 miles from Blakely arid terminates in the Roanoke, a short distance below the Petersburg branch, length 80 miles. Richmond and Pe tersburg Rail Road, (now in progress,) length 21 -50 miles, Richmond and Fredericksbvrg Rail Road, (now in pro- gress,) length 64 miles. BeUeplain Rail Road extends from Fredericksburg to BeUeplain, situated on a branch of the Potomac, (in progress,) length 11 miles. Several other Rail Roads arc proposed. Volina, F. (338.) W. Wabasfi and Erie Canal, see Carolina, (274.) Indiana, (123.) Winchester Rait Road, see Wcldon Canal, see N. Caro- Virginia, (154.) lina, (217.) Wabash R., Ind. (122.) West Chester Rail Road, see Wabash R., II. (144.) Pennsylvania, (133.) Wacanda, Mo. (117.) Waterqueche Canal, see Ver- Waddington, N. Y. (34.) mont, (6 1.) Wadesboro, K. (206.) White river Canal, see Ver- Wadesboro, N. C. (234.) mont, (61.) Wallace, Lou. (277.) Wilmington and Downing. Waliingford, Ct. (110.) town Rail Road, see Dcla- Walnutgrove, K. (190.) ware (157.) Walterbbro, S. C. (290.) WashingtonCanal, see New Walton, N. Y. (81.) Jersey, (134.) Wareboro, Ga. (304.) Winyaw Canal, see South Warm Springs, N. C. (132.) Warm Springs, Va. (174,) a noted watering place, situ- ated in Bath county on the western declivity of Spring mountain. The waters, used chiefly for bathing, are char- acterised by a high and uniform degree of temperature, (97 i,) and the presence of sulpheretie hydrogen, and carbonic acid gasses. 130 WASHINGTON. Warren, Me. (40.) Washington, N. H. (61.) Warren, O. (102.) Washington, Pa. (128.) Warren, Pa. (103.) Washington, O. (1 49.) Warren, O. (128.) Washington, Ind. (166.) Warren, Va. (196.) Washington, Va. (175.) Warrenton, Va. (176.) Washington, T. (230.) Warrenton, N. C. (216.) Washington, N. C. (237.) Warrenton, Ga. (271.) Washington, N. C. (257.) Warrenton, Miss. (279.) Washington, Ark. (260.) Warwasing, N. Y. (108.) Washington, Ga (271.) Warwick, R. I. (111.) Washington, Ala. (284.) Warwick, Md. (157.) Washington, Miss. (225.) Washington, D. C. (176.) Capital of the United States, Population, 18,827. This city is laid out on a great scale. Its avenues and principal streets, radiate from centres formed by the various public buildings, and are from 130 to 160 feet wide. Penn sylvania avenue, which leads from the Capitol to the Presi dent s house, is the principal place of business, and the great promenade of the city. Many of the other streets are wide and well built. The greater part of the city plot, however, remains unoccupied. The public buildings, &c. are. 1. The capitol, 363 feet in length, with an open area containing 22| acres ; cost of the capitol was $2,596,500. 2. The president s house about 1 1-4 mile from the capital. 3. The public offices, four in number, in the immediate vicinity of the president s house ; these buildings are occupied by the four departments of the government. 4. The general post office. The navy yard is situated on the eastern branch of the Potomac. In addition to the above, which belong to the United States, there are many public buildings, erected by the local au thorities of the city and others, among these are ; the city hall, Columbia college, catholic college, market house, the atre, several banks, 17 churches, &c. ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. To Baltimore by Stage. \ Vansville, 8 14 Bladensburg, 6 | Elkridge Landing, 15 21) WASHINGTON. 131 Baltimore 8 37 Millwood, 10 71 Winchester, 13 84 To Dover, Del. Bladensburg, 6 Pawtuxet R., 20 26 To Virginia Springs by Stage. Annapolis, 14 40 Alexandria, 9 Broad Cr. ( by water,) 12 52 Fairfax C. H. 15 24 Sharktovvn, 4 56 Centreville, 8 32 Qucenstovvn, 8 64 Bull Run, 3 35 Centreville, 7 71 Buckland Mills, 11 46 Georgetown, 25 96 New Baltimore, 4 50 Dover, 8 104 Warrenton, 6 56 Lee s sulphur Sp 6 62 To Point Lookout. Jefferson, 3 65 Welby, 7 Fairfax C. H. 12 77 Piscataway, 8 15 Cedar Mt. 6 83 Port Tobacco, 14 29 Rapidan, 6 89 Newport, 13 42 Orange C. H. 7 96 Chaytico, 10 52 (Thence to Montpelier, Leonardtown, 5 57 seat of Mr. Madison, Great Mills, 11 68 5 miles.) St. lingoes, 7 75 Gordonsville, 8 104 Pt. Lookout, 10 85 Monticcllo, 16 120 Charlottsville and ) q 190 To Richmond, Va. University of Va.( Alexandria, 9 York, 19 142 Oecoauan, 17 26 Waynesboro, 6 148 Dumfries, 9 35 Staunton, 12 160 Aquia, 9 44 Jennings N. Mt. 17 177 Fredericksburg, 14 58 Cloverdale. 12 189 Bowlm^grecn, 22 80 Green Valley, 11 200 Hanover C. H. 23 103 Warm Springs, 13 213 Richmond, 19 122 Hot Springs 5 218 Jackson River, 9 227 To Winchester, Va. White Sulphur Sp. 29 256 Alexandria, 9 (Thence to Sweet Sul Fairfax C. H. 14 23 phur Sp. 18 miles.) Aldie, 24 47 Sweet Sulphur Sp. 28 284 Upperville, 14 61 Salt Sulphur Sp. 1 285 132 WASHINGTON; Red Sulphur Spr. 14 299 Mathew s Point, 8 58 (Sje Warm Spring-, Sweet Cedar Ft. 7 65 Sulphur Springs, &c.) Washington s Birth place, 11 76 To Frederick, Md. Ragged Point, 15 91 Simsonville, 7 Pt. Lookout, 16 107 Rockville, 7 14 Patauxent R. 20 127 Seneca, 7 21 Sharp s Island, 22 149 Middlcbrook, 5 26 Herring Bay, 10 159 Hyattstown, 8 34 Bodkin Pt. 3-2 191 Frederick, 11 45 Baltimore, 13 204 To Baltimore, by Steam To Harper s Ferryfiy Canal. Boat. Great Falls, 13 Alexandria, 8 Seneca Creek, 10 23 Mount Vernon, 9 17 Peter s Quarry, 17 40 Crane Island, 5 22 Monocacy R. 5 45 Cook s Ferry, 13 35 Cotoelin Cr. 12 57 Boyu-s Hole, 15 50 Harper s Ferry, 12 69 Washitta R., Ark. (241.) Washitta R., Lou. (278.) Watcrford, Me. (39.) Waterford, N. Y. (83.) Water ford, Pa. (102.) Waterford, Pa. (131.) Waterford, O. (151.) Waterholes, Miss. (296.) Waterloo, Ala. (246.) Watertown, N. Y. (58.) Watcrtown, Ct. (109.) \Vaynesboro, T. (227.) Wayncsboro, G. (272.) Waynesboro, N. C, ( 236.) Waynesville, N. C- (232.) Waynesburg, Pa. (152.) Wayne, Ind. (97.) Wayne, Pa. (133.) Weathersford, Ala. (284.) Weatlotucko, Ga. (285.) Webbville, Fl. (314.) Well, K. (189.) Wellfleet, Mass. (112.) Wellsboro, Pa. (105.) Wells, Me. (63.) Wells, Pa. (156.) Wentvvorth, N. H. (62.) Wentworth, N. C. (215.) Westminister, Vt. (61.) Westminister, Md. (156.) Wcstport, Md. (153.) West Point, N. Y. (109.) Weston, Va,(152.) Westville, Miss. (S.36.) West Union, O. (170.) W. Chester, Pa. (157.) West, N. Y. (57.) Wey mouth, N.J. (158.^ WHEELING. 133 Wheeling, Va. (128.) This town is not only important as it regards population, but is also a leading point in one of the great thoroughfares of this seetion of the United States. Its population in 1830, was 5,221, but the number has increased considerably since that period. The national road leading from Cumberland to the western capitols, passes through Wheeling; at this point emigrants and travellers embark on board of steam boats for every part of the western country. ROUTES FROM WHEELING. To Baltimore, by the Nation To Chillicothe. al Road. Zanesville, as above, 80 W. Alexandria, Pa. 16 Union, 9 89 Claysville, 6 22 Somerset, 9 98 Washington, 9 31 Rushville, 8 106 Hillsboro, 12 43 Lancaster, 10 116 Brownsville, 11 54 Tarlton, 14 130 Union, 12 66 Kingston, 8 138 Smythficld, 21 87 Chillicothe, 12 150 Mt. Pleasant, Md. 29 116 Cumberland, 10 126 To Wooster, O. Prattsville, 21 147 Harrisville, 13 Hancock, 18 165 Cadiz, 9 22 Williamsport, 27 192 New Philadelphia, 33 55 Boonsboro, 12 204 Dover, on Canal, 3 58 Frederick, 16 220 Paintville, 18 76 Baltimore, by R. R. 59 279 Wooster, 16 92 To Columbus, O. by the National Road. To Pittsburg. Washington, Pa. 31 St. Clairsville, 10 Canonsburg, 7 38 Morristown, 12 22 Birmingham, 17 55 Fairview, 12 34 Pittsburg, 1 56 Washington, 14 48 _____ Cambridge, 7 55 To Pittsburg, by Steam Norwich, 15 70 Boat. Zanesville, 10 80 Warrenton, 8 Hebron, 27 107 Wellsburg, 6 14 Columbus, 28 135 Steubenville, 7 21 134 WHITE SULPHUR SPRING. Fawcetstown, 22 43 Point Pleasant, Va. 29 170 Beaver, 19 62 Gallipolis, 3 173 Economy, 9 71 Guyandot, 34 207 Middletown, 9 80 Burlington, 7 2i4 Pittsburg, 11 91 Portsmouth, 41 255 Manchester, 36 2Jl To Cincinnati^ by S. Boat. Maysville, 10 301 Elizabeth town, 13 Ripley, 7 308 Sistersville, 35 48 Augusta, 9 317 Newport, 17 65 Point Pleasant, O. 15 332 Marietta, 16 81 Cincinnati, 26 358 Parkersburg 1 13 94 (For continuation to N. Or Btlville, 17 111 leans, see " Cincinnati." Letart s Rapids, 30 141 White Apple, Miss. (295.) Whitehall, N. Y. (60.) White Hills, N. H. (38.) White Plains, N. Y. (109.) White River, Ind. (123.) White R., Ark. (201.) White Sulphur Spring, Va. (194,) in Greenbrier county a place of fashionable resort during the months of July August and September, and the most celebrated among the innumerable mineral springs, which abound in the central parts of Virginia. The water is highly charged with sul phuretted hydrogen gas, which affects the atmosphere at night, to a considerable distance around the spring. Wickford, R. I. (111.) Wilderness, Va. (176.) Wilford, Ala. (238.) Wilkesbarrc, Pa. (107.) Wilkcsville,N. C.(213.) Williamsburg, O. (14J.) Williarnsburg, Va. (198.) Williamsburg, T. (20J.) Williamsburg, K. i210.) Williamsburg, Miss. (2J7.) Williamsboro, N. C. (216.) Williamsport, l a. (105.) WilliamsDort, Ind. (121.) Williamston, Vt. (37.) Williamston, Mass. (83.) Williamston, N. C. (237.) Williamstown, N. Y. (34.) Williams, Ark. (259.) Williams, Ala. (311.) Williamsport, K. (169.) Williston, Vt. (37.) Wilio .vgrove, Pa. (133.) Willstown, Ala. (249.) Wilmington, Vt. (84.) Wilmington, O. (1 26.) Wilmington, O. (149.) WILMINGTON, 135 Wilmington, Del. (157,) the metropolis of the state of Delaware. Population in 1H30, 6,6-28, is now probably 8,000. The public buildings are a city hall, two market, houses, three banks, alms house, arsenal, 13 churehes, &.c. There arc in and about Wilmington, upwards of 100 ex- tensive manufactories, chiefly on the Brandywine creek. The Brandywine springs are situated about 5 miles west of Wilujington. ROUTES FROM WILMINGTON. To Philadelphia, by Stage. St. George s, 3 15 Chester, 13 Trap, 4 19 Darby, 9 21 Cantwell s, 4 23 Philadelphia, 6 28 Smyrna, 10 33 Hamsville, 7 40 To Baltimore, by Stage. Dover, 5 45 Christiana, 9 Elktori, 11 20 To Philadelphia, by Steam Ha v rede Grace, 16 36 Boat. Hartford, 11 47 Delaware R. 3 Gunpowder, 10 57 Marcus Hook, 8 11 Baltimore, 15 72 Chester, 4 15 Lazaretto, 5 20 To Dover, Del. Fort Mifflin, 5 25 New Castle, 5 Gloucester Point, 5 30 Red Lion, 7 12 Philadelphia, 3 33 Wilsons, Miss. (264.) Wiltshire, O. (124.) Winchendon, Mass. (84.) Winchester, Ct. (109.) Win-, heater, O. (124.) Winchester, Va. (154.) Winchester, K. (16J.) Winchester, T. (-228.) Winchester, Miss. (2J8.) Wind Gap, Pa. (133.) Windham, Me. (63.) Windham, Ct. (110.) Windsor, Vt. (61.) Windsor, Ct.; 110.) Windsor, N. C. (237.) Winsboro, S. C. (253.) Winy aw Bay, S. C. (274.) Wiscasset, Me. (64.) Wisconsin R , Mich. (44.) Witamky, Fl. (3:29.) Womelsdorf, Pa. (132.) Woodbury, N.J. (157.) Woodsfied, O. (151.) Woodstock, Me. (39.) 136 woo ZA.N Woodstock, Vt. (61.) Woodstock, Va. (175.) Woodville, Va. (175.) Woodville, Va. (197.) Woodville, Miss. (295.) Woodville, Lou. (324.) Xenia,O.(149.) Yadkin R., N. C. (213.) Yakunnee, Miss. (282.) Yancyville, Va. (196.) Yazoo R., Miss. (263.) York, or Toronto, U. C. (54.) York, Me. (63.) York, II. (145.) Wooster,O. (126.) Worcestsr, Mass. (85.) Worthington, O. (125.) Wyliesburg, Va. (216.) Wynton, N. C. (217.) Wyoming, Pa. (107.) X. Y. York, Pa. (156.) York, Va. (198.) York H., P. (132.) York R., Va. (198.) Yorkville, S. C. (253.) Youngs, II. (165.) Zanesville, O. (150.) TABLE OF MONEY. 137 TABLE OF THE COMPARATIVE VALUE OF MONEY, IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF EUKOPK, F.STIMATFD IN DOLLARS AND CENTS. The fractional parts of the cents are decimals. GREAT BRTAI.V. HOLLAND. $ cts. $ cts. Farthing 00,46 Stiver 01,94 Penny 01,85 Scalin 11,64 Groat 07,40 Guilder, or Florin 38,80 Shilling- 22,-J2 Rix dollar 97,00 Crown, or 5 shillings Ducat 2 07,86 1 11,16 Gold Ducat 8 00,00 Sovereign, or pound 4 44,44 Guinea, 21 shillings 4 66,66 PORTUGAL. Re 00,12 FRANCE. Vinton 02,50 Denier 00,08 Testoon 12,50 Sol, or 12deniers 00,92 Crusade of ex 50,00 Livre Tournois, or Milrc* 1 25,00 20 sols 18,52 Moidore 6 00,00 Ecu, or crown, 6 Joannese 8 00,00 livres 1 10,00 Pistole,* 10 livres 1 85,17 ITALY. Louis d or 4 44,44 Soldi 00,80 Franc 18,74 Chevelet 03,18 Five franes 93,70 Lire* 15,92 Testoon 23,88 SPAIN. Croisade 79,60 Maravedie* 00,30 Pczzo of ex* 92,60 Rial 10,00 Gcnouine 1 36,12 Pistarine 20,00 Pistole 3 20,00 Piaster of ex* 80,00 Dollar 1 00,00 SWITZERLAND. Ducat of ex* 1 10,00 Pistolo 3 60,00 Penning- Cruitzer 00,24 00,92 i-a* 138 TABLE OF MONET, $ cts. PRUSSIA. Sol* 02,77 $ cts. Gulden 55,55 Grosh 00,86 Rix dollar 1 00,00 Coustic 04,32 Tinse 12,96 AUSTRIA. Ort 15,55 Cruitzer 00,86 Florin 25,92 Grosh 03,14 Rix dollar* 77,76 Batzen 03,44 Ducat 2 07,40 Gould 51,85 Frederick d or 3 88,80 Rix dollar 77,77 Ducat 2 07,40 RUSSIA. Altin 03,00 SWEDEN. Grievener 10,00 Stiver 00,72 Polpotin 25,00 Copper marc 02,88 Poltin 50,00 Silver marc 08,64 Ruble 1 00,00 Copper dollar 11,52 Zervonitz 2 00,00 Caroline 25,92 Rix dollar 1 03,70 TURKEY. Ducat 2 07,40 Mangar 00,28 Asper* 01,12 DENMARK. Parac 03,33 Skilling 01,04 Bestic 05,55 Duggen 06,24 Estic 11,11 Marc* 16,66 Solata 22,22 Rix marc 20,83 Piaster* 88,88 Rix ort 25,00 Caragrouch 1 11,10 Crown 66,C6 Xeriff 2 22,20 Rix dollar 1 00,00 Ducat 8 83,34 - * These are merely nominal, and not represented by any real coin. A LIST OF MAPS, CHARTS AND GEOGRAPHICAL WORKS, Recently publis ird, and for sale by H. S. TANNER, Geographer and Map Publisher, Shakspeare Buildings, Philadelphia. No. 1. A new American Atlas, containing Maps of the several States of the North American Union, projected and drawn on a uniform scale of fifteen miles to the inch. Price of the work in half binding, . . . $30 00 2. The same, with the Maps mounted on rollers and var nished, . . . . 45 00 3. The same, omitting the Maps of the World and quar ters, and reserving all those relating to North and South America, the States, &c. Price in half binding, 25 00 4. The same as the preceding, omitting the Map of South America, and the Geographical Memoir, and reserving all the Maps relating to the continent of North America, in cluding the State Maps. Price . . 20 00 5 Atlas of the United States. Price, half bound, 800 6. The same pasted on pasteboards. Price 10 00 7. A new general Atlas, consisting of imperial sheet Maps of the World, 2 sheets ; World on Mercator s pro jection, Europe, Asia, Africa, America, North America, South America, 2 sheets ; United States, Mexico, and British possessions. Price . . . 10 00 8. A new College Atlas, consisting of a series of General Maps of the various grand divisions of the known world, imperial folio. Price, half bound, . 5 00 9. The same as in the preceding, with the Maps pasted on thick pasteboards and varnished, for the use of schools Price . . . . . 7 50 10. Atlas of Ancient Geography, designed to illustrate the works of the ancient writers, both sacred and profane, 16 select Maps on imperial quarto. Price, half bound, 3 00 11. A new Map of North America, on four sheets, em bracing all the recent discoveries of Ross, Parry, Franklin, Long, &c. &c. Price, mounted on rollers or in a portable form, . . . . . 8 00 !40 Maps, Charts $c. 12. A 4 sheet Map of Europe, improved to 1836, 8 00 13. Ditto Asia, ditto. 8 00 14 - Ditto Africa, ditto. 8 00 15. A new Map of South America, in 2 sheets, 4 00 The Maps numbered 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, are usually sold together ; they form a set on which is delineated the entire surface of the earth, and form as complete a body of geographical information on the known world, as the cxisfinjr state ofknowledge will admit. 10. Map of the World on the Globular projection, tvo sheets. Price, on rollers and varnished, . 3 00 17. A new Map of the United States of Mexico, with numerous tables. Price in pocket case, . 1 50 18. The Traveller s Guide, or Map of the Roads, Canals, and Railway routes of the United States. Price, in pocket case, ..... 75 19. Map of the existing and Contemplated Canals of the State of Pennsylvania. Price . . 1 25 20. Map of the New England States, for travellers in pocket case, . . . . 1 00 21. Map of the State of New York, ditto. 100 2?. Do. States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, for travfllers, in pocket case, . . 1 00 23. Map of the States of Ohio and Indiana, do. do. 1 00 24. Ditto. Virginia, Maryland &, Delaware, for travellers, in pocket case, . . 1 00 25. Map* of the Sts. of Kentucky & Tennessee, do. 1 00 26. Ditto. Nonh & S.Carolina, do. do. 100 27. Ditto. Georgia & Alabama, do. do. 1 00 28. Ditto. Louisiana & Mississippi, do. 1 00 29. Ditto. Illinois & Missouri, do. do. 1 00 H). Map of the territory of Florida, do. do 100 The same Maps are put up separately on muslin, in a portable case. Price each, . . 2 00 31. Chart of the World on Mercator s projection, one large sheet, .... 00 32. Map of Europe, one large sheet, . 00 33. Map of Asia, ditto . . 00 34. Map of Africa, ditto . . 00 35. Map of America, ditto . . 00 Maps, Charts, <%c. 141 36. The four preceding Maps pasted together on 1 sheet of convas and rollers, suitable for schools. Price 5 50 37. Map of North America, one large sheet, 1 00 38. Map of the United States, medium sheet, 50 39. Map of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfound land, &c. . . . . 1 00 40. Chart of Delaware Bay, two sheets, 1 00 41. Dissected Maps of the World, 1 large sheet, 2 50 42. Ditto Europe, ditto. 2 50 43. Ditto Asia, ditto. 2 50 44. Ditto Africa, ditto, 2 50 45. Ditto United States, ditto. 2 00 45. The Mariner s Atmospherical Register or Weather- Book, . . . . 2 50 47. A general outline of the U. States, with plates, 2 50 48. Atlas of Outline Maps, of the World and Quarters, the set, ... 50 49. School Atlas, consisting of the World, Quarters, and United States, ... 50 50. A Geological Survey of the environs of Philadelphia, with a Map coloured geologically. Price . 63 51. Map of the country 15 miles round Philadelphia, with the roads, public houses, &c. in a pocket case, 50 52. Maps of the World, Europe, Asia, Africa &, America, mounted on rollers and varnished, suitable for counting houses, schools, c. Price each $1 50, or the set 7 00 53. Map of Schuylkill county, Pa. on a scale of two miles to the inch. Price . . 1 00 53. The Stranger s Guide to the public buildings, places of amusement, streets, lanes, alleys, wharves, principal hotels, steam-boat landings, stage offices, &c. in the city of Philadelphia and adjoining Districts, . 1 00 55. A new and authentic Map ofColumbia, with its de partments and provinces, constructed principally from the manuscript maps drawn at Bogota by order of the Colum bian government. Price on rollers or in portable form, 5 00 Same printed on bank note paper, in pocket case, 3 50 56. A View of the United States historical, geographi cal and statistical, exhibiting, in a convenient form, the natural and artificial features of the several states, and em- 142 Maps, Charts, <fyc. bracing those leading branches of history and statistic?, bet! adapted to dcvelope the present condition of the North American Union; illustrated with Maps, &c. by William Darby, forming an 18mo book of 6UO pages, with 14 maps. Price . . . . . 2 50 57. A new Pocket Atlas, of the United Slates, the Maps, drawn on an uniform scale, with the distances from place to place, Price . . . . 1 35 58. Map of the state of Pennsylvania, . 038 59. Drawing Book. No. 1. Human Figure. Price 38 60. Ditto " 2. Landscapes, . 25 61. Ditto " 3. Shipping, . 38 62. Ditto " 4. Landscapes, . 38 63. Ditto " 5. The same coloured, 50 64. Ditto " 6. Flowers, . 38 6". Ditto " 7. Flowers, . 38 66. Ditto " 8. Flowers, . 38 67. Ditto " 9. Flowers, . 38 68. Ditto " 10. Roses, . 38 69. Ditto containing 8 sheets of Flowers col d, 1 GO 70. A new and elegant Map of the United States, on a scale of 30 miles to the inch 5 feet 4 inches long, and 4 feet 2 inches high. Price of the map, on rollers or in a portable form, . . . . 8 00 Ditto in pocket case, . . 6 50 This map contains the following supplementary maps plans, &c. 1 Plan of the city of Boston. 2 of New York. 5 of Washington. 6 of Charleston. 7 of New Orleans. 3 of Philadelphia. 4 of Baltimore. 8 Map of the environs of Boston. 9 of Albany, Saratoga, &c. 10 of New York and New Brunswick. 11 of Philadelphia and Trenton. 12 of Baltimore and Washington. 13 of Savannah, Georgia. 14 of Piltsburg, Pennsylvania. 15 General Map of Oregon and Manden Districts, 16 Chart of the outlet of Oregon river. Maps, Charts, <J*c. 143 17 South Part of Florida. 18 Profile of the Grand Portage, Maine. 19 of Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. 20 of Dismal Swamp Canal. 21 of Florida Canai. 22 of Erie Canal. 23 of Ohio Canal. 24 of Morris Canal 25 of Union Canal 26 of Schuylkill Navigation. 27 of Pennsylvania Canal, 23 of Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. 23 of Massachusetts Rail Road. 30 of Columbia Rail Road. 31 of Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road. 32 Statistical Table of the Western Districts. 33 of United States, exhibiting the Area, Capital, Metropolis, with its latitude, longitude, and population ; date of constitution ; time of stated meeting of the Legislature ; day of general election ; popuh Uon of 1830, of each state and territory in the Union. 71. Memoirs on the recent Surveys, Observations and Internal Improvements in the United States, with bi u i no tices of the new counties, towns, villages, caiiuls and rail roads, never before delineated, By H. S. Tanner. Intend- ed to accompany his new map of the United Slates. Price. . . 1 00 72. Map of the United States, including the Western Dictricts. Price . . . . 75 73. Print. View of Mount Vernon, . 050 74. The same coloured, . . 75 75. Atlas of the state of South Carolina, containing maps of the several districts drawn on a uniibnn scale of 2 miles to the inch. . . . . 12 00 76. The same maps put in a portable form, at a price from $3 5i) to SI 50 each. 77. Map of the state of South Carolina on four sheet?, draAvn and published in conformity to the law of tho State. . . 5 OJ 78. A view of West Florida, embracing its geography, topography, &c. with an appendix treating of its antiqui- 144 Maps, Charts i fyc. ties, land titles, and proposed canals, with maps, by J. L, Williams. Price . . . 2 00 79. Map of the western part of Florida, extending from Mobile bay to the Suwannee river, both inclusive, in pocket case, . . . . . 1 00 80. A map of the state of New Jersey, with parts of the adjoining States, engraved on three sheets, by Thomas Gor don. Improved to 1833. Mounted on rollers or in a por- able form. Price, . . . 8 00 81. Plan of the city of Pittsburg and adjacent country. Price, in pocket case, . . . 1 00 82. Map of Northampton and Lehigh counties, Pa. on rollers, 2 00 83. The same in pocket case, . . 1 50 84. Map of Montgomery county, Penn. on rollers, 1 50 85. The same in pocket case, . . 1 00 86. Map of Bucks county, Penn. on Rollers, 1 75 87. The same in pocket case, . . 1 25 88. Map of Luzerne county, Penn. on rollers, 2 00 89. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 50 90. Map of Chester county, Penn. on rollers, 1 75 91. The same in a pocket case, . 1 25 92. Map of Huntingdon county Penn. on rollers, 2 00 93. The same in a pocket case . . 1 50 94. Map of Somerset county Penn, on rollers, 2 00 95.. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 50 96. Map of Dauphin and Lebanon counties, Penn. on rollers, , . . . . 1 75 97. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 25 98. Map of Philadelphia county, Penn. on rollers 1 75 99. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 25 The above county maps are projected on a uniform scale of two and a half miles to an inch, 100. Map of the Mexican province of Texas, on one large sheet, complied by S. F. Austin, . 1 00 101. The same in a pocket case, . . 1 50 102. The Traveller s Pocket Map of New York, 38 103. Ditto ditto Pennsylvania, 38 103. Ditto ditto Virginia, 38 104 Ditto ditto North Carolina, 38 \Y U.C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES