sGz \ 1 i 00 = =c ^ =^o UJ = ^z ^= 'B b-* ^^r- ■l b-' ^ ^^■n ° — 1 -D ^ ru = ^ = — ';^ 1 lii ■i! liil iS ■"ililllliiiiii! "I i '11 m m mm mm\ jil The New Speller for Foreigners Jl Sounding and Pronouncing System By CHARLOTTE WHEELER The New Speller for Foreigners Jl Sounding and Pronouncing System By CHARLOTTE WHEELER ' « » ? -' Copyrlgrht 1913 By CHARLOTTE WHEELER KEY TO THE SYSTEM. I. — Learn the NAME of each letter In the alphabet. A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I i J J K k L 1 M m N n O o P p Q q R > r S B T t U U V ▼ W w X X Y y Z z II. Learn the SOUND of these 35 Initial lettera and syllables. Use cards for these. (c-k); p; m; n; r; t; f; v; s; st; h; fl; d; dr; pi; pr; spl; si; dw; pr; y; sh; sm; th; br; bl; blem; sn; sw; g; j; en; w;wh; thr: III. Write, spell and then pronounce the root syllable of each word. Foreigners must be taught HOW to pronounce the root syllable rather than to recognize it by sight. DRILL OUT LOUD. Go over the same group of root words again and again. INTRODUCTION. This book is not intended as a reader. It does not talie the place of the reader or in any way change the method you choose to teach by. It will be doubly effective in the hands of the teacher M'ho knows the language of the foreign pupil he isi instructing. Great care should be given to the teaching of the 35 initial sounds. "M" should be made with closed lips. "N" is made by sounding the name of the letter against the roof of the mouth and top of the nose. "th" is a different sound. It i& made by placing the tongue between the teeth and holding it there while the sound is made. "s" is a soft whistling through the teeth. "v" another difficult sound is made by catching the lower lip between the teeth and holding it while the letter "v" is pronounced. The most important sound for the German pupil is the short *'u". It is made at the diaphram by forcing the breath out as if hurt. It is nearly a grunt. Do not let them make this sound in the throat. You cannot drill too much on this sound. "h" is made with an open throat. It is a long harsh breath and as such should be practiced. "sh" is a soft sound, while "eh" is clear and loud, "j" is the loudest, clearest single sound we have. Practice it often. You will find that the pupils like the card drill as much as little children do. The writing qf each root and word produces two results; first it makes them rapid mechanical writers; second it fixes the sound with the sight of the syllable and makes them recognize it instantly when s,een in their readers. Do not be afraid of oral DRILL. Do not neglect writing each root six times no matter how easy the root may be. METHOD OP USING BOOK. .... The length of these lessons was tested on a class of twenty-four foreigners in the Central Night School, Oakland, California, last winter. The method I found most effective is as follows: The claas takes its place at the blackboard and writes the syllable which forms the root of the word, calling the NAME of each letter and then pronouncing the syllable. We drill on each syllable at least six times. Do not bother with any sounding except the introductory letter or syllable. They then write each word as you dictate it. After the entire lesson has been written by them on the black board, have them spell in chorus each word, pronouncing it after spelling it. Pronouncing the name of the letter itself throws the vocal organs in the proper position to pronounce the word correctly. If they are advanced enough discuss the meaning of each word. They are now ready to take their seats and study the lesson correctly. They will not have to guess at the pronunciation. .... Do not be afraid of ORAIj spelling with a written copy always before them. TO THE RESOURCEFUL TEACHER. You will find the lists of words with each lesson material for much original work upon the part of the pupils; such as forming original sentences; reproduction stories; word building; rhyming games; etc. remembering always that the fundamental object of this book is to teach the foreigner to place the sounds correctly. an - a - c - f - m can fan man pan ran tan -p-r a has I my the see t. LESSON NO. 1. I see the man. I see a fan. The man has a can. I see a pan. The man ran. I ran. A man ran. The man has the can. The man has the fan. The man can fan. at • b - s - bat have fat he hat is mat on rat this Nat to sat in LESSON NO. 2. This is little Nat- Nat has a little cat. The cat is fat. This is Nat's hat. The fat cat sees Nat. The rat sat on the mat. The little rat is fat. The man sat on the mat. LESSON NO. 3. and - b ■ ■ h - 1 - s - St. and by Nat hears the band. band near Nat has a cat. hand like The cat is little. land likes Nat can hear the band. sand they Nat likes the band. stand your Nat likes to pat the cat. I like the man. The man likes the band- ake . dr - fl* from bake his drake me flake see lake sees make will sake LESSON NO. 4 I can bake a cake. I can see the lake. The fat man likes the cake Nat bakes. Hand me the cake. I see a drake. I see a cat. I see a rat. Nat sat on the sand by the lake. Nat will hand me the cake. Nat will hand me his hat. ing - br - cl baking bring bringing cUng clinging fanning handing landing • spr - 1. making raking ring sing singing spring standing taking LESSON NO. 5. Nat is standing by the lake. He likes to stand by the band. I see that drake on the lake. Nat is singing- Nat's cat can cling to him. I see the cat cling to him. Nat \^'ill bring the cat with him. It is spring. LESSON NO. 6. ate - f - g - m - sk - si - St. fate as This is Nat's slate. gate by It is a large slate. mate good Here is Nat by the gate. skate here He sat on the sand by the band-stand* slate large I like Nat. it state The land is good in this state. ell- dw- sp- w. fell Nell sell shell spell well bell dell dwell liosson No. 7. Tuesday Nell stands by the gate. Wednesday Nat is well. Thursday Nat will sell the bell. Friday The bell will ring. Saturday Nat will ring the bell. Sunday Nat fell on the sand by the gate. This is Monday-Tuesday-Sunday. The bell rings Wednesday. Monday I like to spell Saturday and Sunday. et- b- f- g- 1- p- s. bet fret get let letter letters met net pet set Lesson No. 8. I met the man Monday. He was on the sand by the gate. He was standing by the band. I will get a rake. I will pet the cat. I will set the pan by the gate. I will spell fret. Nat is making a rake. Nell is baking a cake. Nat is petting the cat. ip- ch-ah- d-l-n-r. chip dip lip nip rip ship shipping sip cent dime dollar five half one quarter ten Lesson No. 9. The ship was on the lake Monday. The lake is in this state. The man will see the ship. The man will dip the shell in the sand. The cat will dip in the pan. The pan is on the mat by the gate. The gate is by the lake. Ten cents make one dime. Ten dimes make one dollar. Fifty cents is half of a dollar. Twenty-five cents is a quarter of a dollar. Five cents is one nickel. I like dollars and dimes. it- bit do flit not hit she lit so little fifty cents mit hundred mittens seventy-fiv as twenty cei came Lesson No. 10. Nell will sit on the mat. Nat will hit the cat. The cat bit the rat. Nell igi making mittens. Nell is sitting on the sand by the lake. Twenty-five cents is a quarter of a dollar. seventy-five Fifty-cents is a half of a dollar, twenty cents One hundred cents is a dollar. ear- blear clear day dear hour drear minute fear second hear month near week sear time spear year Lesson No. 11. One clear day Nell was sitting on the sand. In her hand was a little shell. Nell has no fear of the lake. She likes to see the ships and the shells on the sand. Nat will make her a ship and a rake. ed- feared forenoon flaked morning flitted night fretted noon matted neared netted nipped petted fatted sipped baked afternoon batted day cleared evening Lesson Xo. 12. Nat feared to sit on the gate. Nat batted the ball. The cat nipped the rat. Nell petted the cat. The ship neared the sand. 60 seconds make a minute. '60 minutes make an hour. 24 hours make a day. am- 3- dam coffee jam drink lamb milk ram tea Sam water sham wine Lesson No. 13. Sam ran for a drink of water. Sam likes milk for his pet lamb. Sam likes tea and jam. Sam will not hit the little ram. The ram is not as large as the lamb yet. ink- dr- th- blink die blinking earn drink live drinking play ink-well spend linking work sink sinking think thinking wink winking Lesson No. 14. I think the ship is sinking. It is on the brink of the lake. It is a tall ship. The man is calling to Nat to come and see it. Nat will drink tea that comes in on the ship. I think Sam's play ship is sinking. Sam ran to the brink of the dam to see. He fears for his play-things. He has worked hard to make them. all- sm- er- est- call called calling fall hall (a room) haul (to drag) smaller smallest stall tall taller tallest •wall Lesson No. 15. The man is hauling sand near the wall. There is a gate in the wall. Nat is calling the small ram. The ram is a pet. The ram is smaller than the lamb. Nat is making a stall for his pet ram. est- best chest guest lest (for fear that) nest pest rest west bread butter cake meat pepper pie potatoes salt vegetables er- better player caller sinker clearer skater earner smaller hauler spender hearer taller latter thinker letter winker nearer worker ice- ice about ice-cream every ice-man many lice may mice much rice these slice very splice with Lesson No. 16. bitterest coldest fattest nicest ripest stillest Sam will get the small chests from the ship. The ship came in this morning. I think the best chests are the large ones. The ship came from the west. Sam is a little guest on the ship. Sam will do his best to be good while he is a guest on the ship. Lesson No. 17. Sam is taller than Nell. The man is hauling the chest. Sam ran west. The caller is Nell. Sam works well and earns money but I fear that he is a large spender. The dam is nearer than the lake I think. Lesson No. 18. I think Nell will eat rice and milk. She likes ice-cream better. I fear that bread and butter will not be good for her. She is too small to eat much. There is ice on the lake. Sam will eat a slice of bread. The cat eats rats and mice. 10 end- bend bender bending blender end fender ended lender ending render friend lender friendship tender lend mend mending send sending tend tending Lesson No. 10. Nell will lend her h&t to Nat. It is her best hat. Nell met Sam near the tall gate. The lamb is in the tall stall, Nat is Sam's friend. Nat will take water to the pet lamb. Nat will lend hia ship to Nell to play with. When they finish their play they will sit by the dam and rest. old- . . ed-. est-. Ing. bold bolder boldest cold colder coldest fold folded folding gold golden mold molding old older oldest scold scolding sold told liesson No. 20. Tuesday was a very cold day. I told Nell to fold her mittens. Nell sold them to Nat Friday. I will not scold Sam or his friend, Nat. They are very bold to play there this cold day. Little Nat has a slice of cold meat. It is a clear cold day. I will hold your hand. ame- blame January came February dame March fame frame game same shame tame Lesson No. 21. This is the same game we played by the lake. Nell sold the bell but not the gold mold. The little frame came from the tall ship on the lake. The ram is tame. Nat's pet lamb is lame. Sam has the same hat on. 11 ane- ope- bane cane fane (a church) lane pane (of glass) sane dope doping hope lope loping mope moping rope scope April May June Lesson No. 22. Nell sat on the slope one cold day. A small lane is near the slope. Little Nat came down the lane. He has a rope in his hands. The rope holds his pet lamb. He is taking it to its stall. It does not want to go so Nat scolds it. ite- oke- bite kite mite (small) quite site (place) white whiten whitening whitewash write broke hoke choking joking poke smoke smoking stroke July August September Lesson No. 23. Nell will write a letter to her friend to-day. Her friend is old and lame. She will write about her pet lamb and the lame ram. Nell will tell about her gold mold. She will fold her letter nicely. Nell told Sam that she was going to write about all these things. ipe- OS&- gripe close pipe foes ripe goes ripening hose riper nose ripest rose snipe toes stripe wipe October November December Lesson No. 24. There is a splice in the rope. It is the best work in splicing I ever saw. Nat told me to fold the rope where is was spliced. Nell has a rose in her hand. It came from the cold slope near the dam. Nell holds the rose to her nose. December is a cold month. 12 Lesson No. 25. Review. Can the cat see the fat rat. The rat stands on the sand. The drake likes the water. Nell can make a cake and bake it well. Nat will fling the rope to Sam. Sam is clinging to the wall by the dam. When spring comes they like to play by the lake. They play with their ships and ropes and chests. They were down to the lake Monday and were raking in the sand. There are some flakes of sand clinging to Nat's hat still. That same day Nat and Sam were playing that they were mates on the sinking ship. Nell helped them to land with a large rope. Nell will call them to come in when the tea bell rings. Nell is good to Sam and Nat. They like to skate on the lake when it is cold. They never fret or scold, they are all good children. They have many dear pets to play with. ind- ine- blind find but finding pretty finder said grind saw kind say mind some wind want brine were dine diner fine line nine shine Lesson No. 26. Nell will find a kind friend in Sam. Nell has nine little pets. Some of them are old and lame but she likes them all. Sam sees a little smipe. It shines as it flits by. She thinks the little snipe will make a nice pet. Sam has a small rope to hold the snipe when they get it. 13 ack- Ish- back blemish black dish blacker dishes blacking finish Jack finished lack fish pack fishes rack fisher sack fisherman slack fishing stack relish tack Spanish track English aunt cousins daughter father husband mama man papa mother relatives son uncle wife Lesson Xo. 37. Sam has a fish in his net. He plays that he is a fisherman and that Nell is his: wife. Nell likes to be a fisherman's wife. She gets pretty shells from the sand. She likes to see Sam's little play-ship sink- ing in the water. She likes to hold the rope and bring it back to land. She does not mind if it is cold and wet. ill- ong>- bill mill chill miller dill pill drill rill fill shrill filled sill frill spill hill still kill thrill killed will long longer longing gong Bong songster strong strongest throng wrong Lesson No. 28. The man will drill his friends so that they will stand better. They are all strong men. Not one of them is old or lame. They make a large throng when they all stand near the gate. The gate is in the wall near the dam. The men will all stand still when the bell rings. The bell is a kind of gong. It is the mill bell and Is an old one. 14 arm- Ight- arm farm harm farmer farming charmed charming harmed farmed charm alarm alarming alarm-clock Lesson No. 29. blight fight light might sight night plight tight Wright bright brightest frightening delight fruit peaches plums apples pears strawberry strawberries grapes oranges lemons figs prunes raspberry- Nat has a sack of ripe fruit. Sam thinks some of it is blighted. and tells Nat so. The farmer gave the fruit to Nat. There are some apples and plums and pears. The grapes are not ripe yet. Little Nat gave some of the fruit to Sam and Nell. Lesson No. 30. boldness coldness fatness flakiness redness sickness willingness fondness slowness gladness stillness kindness niceness stubbornness The snipe is a pretty bird but it is not a songster, bill which shines in the light. It is bold and strong, by the wall. It flits down the long slope when it see Nell thinks she will make a pet of it. It has a bright It stands still Nell still un- up- bun cunning cup fun cupboard gun pup nun puppy run sup running supper shun up spun upbraid sun upheave sunny upheld sunshine uphill stun upholster stunning upland thunder upon thundering upper thunder-stormupraise uncle upright understand upside unfold upset unheard unkind unsafe untold Lesson No. 31. Sam thinks it is fun to take his gun and go hunting. His cunning little pup goes with him. The sun shines clear and It is not very cold. Sam takes a bun from the cupboard. It is for the pup's supper. It would be unsafe for the pup to go near the dam. Sam is never unkind to his pets. 16 ock- clock dock flock frock lock locked locket mock Lesson No. 32. mocking There is a small dock at the lake, pocket The little ones like to play there nice days, rock It ia near the dam. rocket They like to play games on the first flat shock rock near the end of the slope, socks Sam plays that he is a clock maker. Stock He gets fine large fish in his net. tock He stacks them in nine long lines on the sand. Nat plays that he is a hunter. He says that he will kill many kinds of game. He is a cunning little hunter. He sits very still on the flat rock. Lesson No. 33. ank- igh- rank high sank sign bank nigh blank thigh-bone lank after plank been tank children thank over drank corn blanket wheat spank when On one side of the lake is a high bank. The children do not play there very often. It is too near the mill. They fear the miller's wife. She often scolds them for calling so shrill and clear. They take a long plank and put it on a flat rock. Sam sits on one end of it and Nell on the other. They go up very high but they have no fear. They call this game see-saw. Lesson No. 34. ash- ashes ash-tree cash cashier clash clashes dash dashing flash flashing hash mash nash rash sashes splash splashing trash Alameda Co. California City Continent Country County Golden Gate St. North America Oakland State United States Sam will be a cashier in a bank when he is a man. He likes to play cashier now. He has a bank near the old wall. He makes Nell bring her dollars and dimes to his bank. Sam sits on a small plank. 16 ig- OSS- big boss brig floss fig floss-silk giggle flossy- giggling gloss jig loss pig moss whig mosses wig mossy wiggle toss wiggling tossing Lesson No. 35. There is moss on the side of the dam. Nat will poke some of the moss off the bank and toss it to Nell. Nell can not come to play with him for she is making mittens. She is making them of pink floss. She made a frill of pink floss Monday. Nat has a good rig. Sam has a pet pig. It is a cunning little fellow. Nat and Nell giggle to see the pig wiggling. Nat likes ripe figs. atch- batch batches Bay catch Gulf catching Ocean hatch River hatching Sea latch Strait match matches patch patches patching siatchels scratch thatch watching Lesson No. 36. Sam had a drink of water at the mill. The miller's wife asked him to patch the lock. He mended the latch on the small gate Monday, while the other children were playing on the plank over the dam. The miller has gone hunting. He just went up the long slope with his gun. He is after a large flock of ducks which he , has been watching all morning. They vrere in the moss near the lake. He thinks that he might catch some of them by going up the hill and around by the other side of the lake. ag- bag bagging bank drag buildings flag church flag-staff home flag-stone house lag saloon laggard school lagging store nag theater rag sag sagged stag stagger stagnant tag tagging Lesson No. 37. The children are watching the miller at work. He is grinding something. They wish he would let them get a bag and help him. They think they can do the sacking. They like to hear the rocks as they grind together. They like to hear the crashing and grind- ing. They like to hear the drip of the water which makes the mill run. It is not a big mill. The children like to run on the plank near the dam. They like to see the water under them. They have no fear for they are brave children. 17 ush- blushes animals brush calf brushes cow hushes donkey crush duck gush hen hush horse mush mule plush pig rush ram rushes sheep ark- ove- bark ove- barking dove Clark glove dark hovel darker love darkest lover lark move larkspur movement mark novel marking prove park shove shark shovel sky-lark stove ape- og- ape og- cape bog drape clog drapery dog nape flog tape frog tape-line hog taper hoggish tape-worm log tog around more Lesson No. 38. The miller's wife has baked a fine large batch of bread. She gave the children each a slice of it with some cold meat. They thank her for the bread and meat and then they rush down to the tank for a drink of clear, cold water. The miller's wife is always kind to them. Nell often plays that she is the miller's wife and makes mush from the corn he grinds. Lesson No. 39. The children are going home from the miller's. Nell is putting on her gloves, riiey are red gloves. Nat is behind. He has his shovel and is making lines in the sand. 'Jell sees a dove on the branch of a tall tree. She likes doves better than larks, rhey are so gentle that she can not help loving them. Lesson No. 40. That is not a dog by the log, it is a large black hog. Dick has been watching him for an hour. Still he will rush down the hill and dash over the bank near the dock when Dick runs after him. Dick is little Nat's dog and Jack is Sam's dog. Jack will rush after a cow or a horse or a pig. He can play tag with Sam. asp- ut- asp ut- aspen but clasp cut gasp hut grasp nut rasp nut-cracker shut butter clutter cutting . flutter shutter putty Lesson No. 41. There is a small bog between the mill and the lake. A large frog lives on the brink o* the bog. The children are kind to him. They have made him very tame. He sits on a plank near and watcnes them play. The children run and jump on the plank while he sits still and eats and drinks. He thinks they are his friends. There is an old hut near the bog. The children have cut the brush away and play around it. 18 ang- ox- bang ox- clang box gang boxer hang boxes rang boxing sang fox slang ox sprang oxen oxidize Lesson No. 42. The children sang a song this morning as they ran down the long sunny slope to their play-house by the dam. They like to play by the lake and in tbe old hut by the bog. On cold days they hunt the warm hill slopes. Some days they play by the tall gate in the wall near the lake. It is warm and sunny there. They often go to the mill and play on the mossy plank over the water. To-day they sprang over rocks and bushes. They rushed down the hill singing as hard as they could. ap- ea r ee- cap chap ea- clap pea flap plea flapping sea gap tea kidnap kidnaper ee- kidnaping bee lap flee map glee nap Greece rap see sap trees scrap wee slap snap strapping tap tapping trap wrap ix- ung- fix fixed ung- fixing flung fixture hung mix rung mixes stung mixing wrung mixture sung mixtures sprung six sixteen sixth sixpence sixty Lesson No. 43. When the clang of the bell told the child- ren that it was play-time, they sprang for their caps and mittens. They strap on their skates and run for the lake. They rush down the long hill slope to the mill dam. They saw a large black fox in the bushes. They do not fear him for they have Jack , with them. The fox sprang over a mossy log and loped down the bank. He fears that the children will catch him. They clap their hands to see him running away. Jack wishes to catch him. Lesson No. 44. A bee was flitting from flower to flower. Jack snapped at it and it stung him on the nose. Jack is a kind old dog, and Nat will watch that no more bees sting him. Nat never slaps or scolds him. I thing Jack will not snap at any more bees. There is stagnant water near the bog so the children go over to a patch of shade by some tall bushes, near a bright little rill. The little rill dashes over the rocks. Its waters flash in the sun. Nat likes to watch the rill. Jack thinks of the bee and does not like it. 19 or- ord- ork-; -orn- cord orn- for adorn fork born forth corn hord corner horse forlorn nor horn north morning northern scorn pork scorning shortest shorn torch thorn torn Lesson No. 45. The children will take their lunch to-day for they are all going to the forest. They will take pies and fruit and bread and meat. They will bring cold water from the bright little rill which runs down the slope over the mill wheel. Jack is with them. Jack dashes over fallen logs and through the brush. He thinks he will catch the black fox he saw yesterday. It is a bright morning and they are all happy and singing. They take the short way to the lake. ide- y (i)- bride y-ye-yi- bridegroom buy brides-maid buyer glide buying hide by pride dry ride fly slide fry stride frying my ply shy sly spy spry sty try trying why Americans Foreigners Indians people Lesson No. 46. It is nice in the forest. The children play Indian. Nan and Nell and little Nat are white people. Sam is an Indian. Nell hides behind tall trees and Nan and Nat and Jack get down behind some bushes near the bank. Sam has a black and white blanket around him. He is a big Indian man and will kill Nan and little Nat if he can catch them. He will cut off Nell's hair if he gets her. Nell says "Hush, he is coming." Sam thinks that he will kidnap little Nat and wrap him up in his black and white blanket and strap him on his big red horse. He will lope down the long hill slope to the old thatched hut near the mill dam. Sam will make Nell buy Nat back, if he catches him. They keep very still for they do not wish to be kidnapped. It is a fine game. 20 ad- unch- bad clad unch- fad bunch gad bunches glad haunches gladden launch lad launching mad lunch madam munch mad-house staunch Madonna punch pad paddle padlock sad shad tad tadpole en- op- den hen op- men chop pen crop ten drop wren flop hop blacken lop chicken mop frozen pop lighten stop oven stopped quicken seven sudden sweeten tighten wooden written ick- im- brick im- click brim Dick dim lick glimmer pickel Jim pickerel limb ticket primer quick simmer sick slim slick slimmest thicket trim trick trimmer trimming Lesson No. 47. When the children had played Indian for a long time they thought they would play mad dog. Jack thought this was great fun. He ran at them and barked. He rushed through the dry brush and around trees and over fallen logs until the dark forest rang with their gladness. Jack sprang at the lads again and again in fun. He likes this game best of all. Lesson No. 48. The children have stopped playing for awhile. They are all hungry. They sit down under a large pine tree and ,eat their lunch. They play that it is supper time. Nell cuts a slice of bread and butter for Nat. Sam puts his fork in a slice of cake. Nell baked this cake so he thinks it will be good. Sam does not like corn bread or pork chops. He likes nice pie or ripe fruit best. They are all hungry after their long play. They all like to play in the forest. Lesson No. 49. It has been a fine picnic but the children are thinking of going home now. It is still early but they wish to go by farmer Jim's to get a cup of butter-milk. Farmer Jim has a big crop of corn which he is cutting. He will stop his work and take the child- ren to the milk-house. Sam has a cup filled to the brim. He wishes that he had the corn bread that he would not eat in the forest. He says that corn bread is good with but- ter-milk. 21 ed- ug- bed ug- bled bug fed chug Fred drug led dug Ned pug red rug reddish slug redness snug shed struggle Ted tug wedding tugging ugly cheeks chin eyes; eyebrows eyelashes eyelids hair lips mouth nose skin tongue Lesson Xo. 50. The sun hung like a great red ball in the sky when the children struggled up the last hillslope and through the gate at home. It had been a happy day but now they are glad to be at home again. Little Nat has a sack with a funny bug on some dry moss. He dug the moss up by the big pine tree where they had their lunch. The bug he caught by a tall thick bush near farmer Jim's corn patch. Sam calls it a slug in a bag but Nell says it is a snug little bug in a rug. They are all glad they went. Lesson No. 51. east- oy- ump- It is Easter Sunday and the children are going to church. The church bell rang an hour ago. The boys went to the lake. They thought they might pick some red and white roses in the little lake-side park. The roses are for a little sick friend. She has not many toys to play with. When the children bring her the roses she will trim her hat with them. She sits out in the sun as much as she can. She can not jump and run for she is thin and lame. beast ump east Easter clump Easter-eggs dump eastern hump eastward jump feast lump feasting plump least pump yeast rump thumb oy- annoy boy - boyish enjoy joy loyal oyster Roy toy voyage 22 liesson Xo. 52. ax- ub- UBt- bar car far bust farther dust garden crust gardener custard-pie jar duster mar dusting scar dusty- scarlet gust star gusty hustle ub- just dub justice grub justice-court lubber luster rub lust rubber lusty rubbing lustily scrub must stub mustard stubble mustard-seed stubborn musty tub trustworthy Nell can not go with the boys to-day. She must stay at home and work. She must dust and scrub and bake and mend. She likes to do her work well. Nell is very plump and strong. She enjoys such work as brushing the dust from the slender jars and dusting the dear little cups and the pretty toy fans that Uncle Fred has in his big sea-chest. Uncle Fred has many large boxes and chests. They came from far countries. He is a sea-faring man, and makes long voyages. He enjoys a trip on a brig or a ship. amp- ax- ot- damp ot- lamp pamper forgotten scamper hot scampering lottery stamp not tramp pot pottery ax- rot bees-wax rotten flax flaxen Max tax taxes wax waxen Lesson Xo. 53. Nell will make wax flowers to-day. She will make them like the garden flow- ers not like the hot house flowers. She will make roses and lilies. She got the wax from the miller who has a lot of bees. She put the bees-wax in a pot and let it get hot. Then she molded it in the form of roses and lilies and pansies. 1ft- um- drift um- drifted bumble drifting dumb gift drum lift glum lifting gum rift humble shift lumber swift plum swiftly slumber 'tumbler Lesson Xo. 54. Nell likes candy and nuts and gum. She has a lot of peaches .and plums. The plums are too ripe and soon will be rotten. Nell gave them to Sam and he put them out in the park for the blackbirds to eat. Nell says that she loves the little dove be- cause it is so humble. She lifts it in her hands. Nat made Nell a gift of It. It is very sweet and gentle. 23 Lesson No. 55. age - In ■ - cok - rage pin book page sin look sage fin took stage finish cook gage din nook age dinner shook aged sinner looking-glass agent chin brook agency thin brooklet When Sam had finished the last page in his story-book, he took a look at his fish-hooks and lines. He intends to go fishing tomorrow. Nat will go with him. Sam thinks that they will cook all the fish that are caught. He will make a fire in the forest and they will fry the fish there. Sam thinks that he can make a fine camp near that tall stack of lumber. Little Nat thinks it will be a sin to fry the pretty fish. Sam grins and says that the fish have not been caught yet. Lesson No. 56. aunt - ew - itch - ive. aunt dew ditch hive daunt few pitch dive flaunt new stitch five haunt grew itching knives haunted flew switch lives jaunt pew pitcher thrive jaunty stew pitch-dark strive saunter newness pitch-fork striving sauntering yew-tree stitching thriving Little Nat is only five years of age. He was playing near the bee- hive, yesterday. He was digging in the sand on the bank of the ditch. He had his new shovel. The bees ahunt that bank for it is covered with clover and daisies which lift their tiny pink faces to the warm sunshine. Nat went to lift a shovel full of sand into his little red wagon when a bumble-bee stung him on his small fat hand. He ran crying to Nell. She took him into the house and put some water on it. Nat was in a fearful rage at the bees. Nell tells him that he is wrong, for the bees can not think so did not intend to harm him. Nat takes a long switch when he returns to his play at the ditch. He thinks it will daunt the bees and keep them from stinging him. He says he will wear gloves to-morrow. 24 aw- uck- caw arithmetic claw examples dawn feet fawn foot law figures lawyer measure lawn mile paw numbers raw inch saw paper shawl pencil sprawl problems straw rod strawberry slate thaw yard uck- buck buckboard bucket bucking duck duckling luck luckily luckiest lucky muck-fork suck stuck truck truck-man liesson No. 57. Nan's cat has five little kittens. They are too small to play with yet. It will be nine days before they can see to eat or play. They sprawl all over the nest and paw their mother. They have a bed of straw . Nell puts an old shawl under them to make their bed nice and warm. Sam runs for a pan of new milk. It Is warm and frothy, but the kittens are too little to lap it up. Mama-kitty eats it. Nat wants to take them out on the lawn to play. 12 inches make a foot. 3 feet make a yard. 5% yards make one rod. 320 rods make one mile. (ai-a) Lesson No. 58. aid- ail- aim- afraid ain- braid chain laid contain maid drain maiden explain paid gain slain ail- main fail pain frail paint hail painter mail plain nail quaint pail saint quail sprain rail stain sail train snail tail The children are playing a new gv.me to- day. They are on the lawn in front of the bouse. They have a saw and a hammer and some nails. Sam is the finest kind of a carenter. He has good luck in sawing straight. He can hit the nail almost every time. He does not fail very often. They are going to make a house for the mama cat and her five little kittens. 25 Lesson No. 59. ace - each > ould. laces each would Grace beach could grace teach should brace bleach couldn't lace peach wouldn't race reach shouldn't pace teacher can place preacher will trace teaching shall face preaching can not space peaches will not spaces reaching shall not The boys have been running a race. Nat set the pace and Sam kept up with him. When they reached the beach they were quite out of breath and willing to sit still and rest for a while. Nell and her little friend, Grace came earlier. Nell brought Nat's pail and shovel, and now he is digging in the sand. Nell is teaching him to trace his name on the shore out of reach of the water. Nell is a good teacher. eam- eem- ood- beam ood- cream food dream good gleam goodly scheam goodness steam hood team hooded hoodwink eem- . .n stood green wood screen wooden seem wood-pile sieen wood-box sheen wood-shed Lesson No. 60. Nell is learning to cook. She can bake bread and make yeast. She says that if Sam will start a fire on the beach she will steam some clams. The children like this kind of a feast. They always bring a ' few slices of bread and butter and sometimes a bucket of ripe peaches and plums. Sam gets a lot of rotten wood and starts a fire. Dick the dog seems afraid for he puts his tail down and runs away. Little Nat races after him. Nell says that steamed clams are good food for hungry children. 26 er- Ir- ur- Bert ir- clerk birch fern bird her dirt infer first jerk girl perch girlish pert girlishness verse skirt were thirsty whirl ur- curl curve fur hurt nurse purr surf turn oi- ry- anoint ry- broil berry boil burly choice carry coil curry coin curry-comb hoist dreary join every joint fairy moist furry noisy- Harry pointer hungry soil hurry spoil merry toil sorry voice starry story very art- eat- eet- art eat artist beat dart cheat part feat party meat smart heat starting neat startling seat treat eet- beet feet greet greeted greeting meet sheet sleet Lesson Xo. 61. When the clams have steamed enough Nell takes them from the fire and they all sit down to eat. Sam burns his fingers the first thing. He says it does not hurt much. He is hungry and thirsty too. Eick wants a place at the table. He puts his nose into the pail of clams. Sam calls to him sternly and he turns away. The clams are good. They are well cooked. Lesson No. 62. Sam did not want to be so stern to Dick when he called to him in that sharp voice, but he did not want him to spoil the clams. Dick is a pointer and likes birds. He will jerk one out of the water when his ' little master shoots it and it falls into the lake. Nell put on her shawl and Sam and Nat took the buckets and shovels and, saying good-bye to Grace, they went home. When they reached the rail fence by farmer Jim's corn patch they saw a brace of ducks. Sam jerked his shot-gun into place but the ducks flew away before he could shoot. Sam is sorry they were not nearer. Lesson No. 63. The children are down by the brook to-day. A tall birch tree makes a fine shade just where their mossy seat is. Little Nat wants to wade but the water is too cold. Nell tells him to pick some wild flowers and trade them to her for a pile of cookies. A few brake ferns are on the bank by the tall straight pine. A bird flew out of its nest of sticks and moss and sped away. The children did not mean to frighten it. 27 Lesson Xo. 64. ust - ass - ue must pass blue bust glass bluer rust lass cruel dust class cruelly lust brass flue just assistant hue justice assistance rue Nell la thirsty. She wishes she had a glass of water. Sam likes to be of assistance, so dips up a can of cold sparkling water from the brook. The waters of the brook run into a wide ditch from which farmer Jim waters his corn-patch. Farmer Jim says that if he irrigates his corn the ears will be large and tender. Nell says that s;he can spell "irrigate" and "irrigating". Sam is not sure that he can spell as well as Nell, but he is certain that he can eat more corn than Nell when it is ripe. aft- ly- after ly- aftermath badly afternoon Billy afterthought daily afterwards Dolly craft hardly craftily hilly daft jelly draft jolly drafting lovely graft nearly grafters only raft partly rafters sadly shaft silly Taft slowly waft snugly wafted ugly wafting liesson No. 65. Sam has been working with his saw and hammer all day. He is making a raft. After it is finished he and Nat will take it to the lake and have a jolly time. Sam will hoist the flag on it as soon as they reach the beach. Sam pushes off from the shore very slowly for the craft is not skillfully made and he fears it will turn over. The craft moves slowly and uncertainly. Sam will not take Nat or Nell for a sail for there is too much danger. 28 ube-ude-ule- •une-ure- use-ut< tube use- tuber abuse tuberose bruise contuse ude- fuse nude muse prude mused rude use rudely useful rudeness used ule- ute- mule brute mule-team flute rule lute ruler mute yule-tide salute une- tune prune ure allure capture mixture cure moisture cured murine demure picture endure picture-frame failure picturesque insure pure insurance sure lure surely L/esson No. 66. Nell will not go on the raft. She fears that it will turn over and spoil her best clothes. She sits on the bank and holds a large coil of rope. The end of the rope is fastened to the raft, and some one must hold it flrmly. The rope soils her hands and hurts them too. The raft jerks first to one side and then to the other. Nell is very brave and strong. Sam is astonished that she can hold such a heavy coil of rope for such a long time. Nell calls for him to come on shore for it is beginning to get dark and they must go home. They will come again to-morrow. out - ess - ad snout about gout pout lout trout shout sprout rout outer outbound outside outshine outline outing Lesson No. 67. Bess mess Jess dress press lesson guessing sickness kindness fondness willingness stubbornness slowness pressing dressing bad sad mad glad fad pad gad paddle padlock saddle tadpole gladden madam Madonna madhouse That is little Nat shouting. He has caught a trout and is making a great fuss about it. He went to the brook about an hour ago. Nell tells him that a tadpole is only half as long as this trout. She says that she will cook it for his supper, if he wishes her to. Nat likes to see the fish in the frying pan. 29 Lesson No. 68. ard - ask -ass - orn. bard Alaska muss corn lard cask cuss corner hard bask fuss born card ask buss torn harder asking fussy thorn larder basket fussily scorning pardon casket Gussie horn pardonable flask tussle morning yard masker musselfish shorn yard-stick pocket-flask puss adorn hardship masking pussy (cat) forlorn Just out side the yard in the corner of the fence is a large green bush with pink flowers on it. Nell reached for a flower and scratched her hand on a thorn . It was not an easy task to keep from crying, but Nell thinks she is too old a girl for tears. Lesson No. 69. Sam asks Nell to take two loaves of bread and some slices of cold roast pork and some ripe fruit and pack them in a large basket. They are going to the lake for a picnic. They will have Harry* boat and will float out to where the fish will bite well. Nell is not afraid in a boat for she is a good sailor. She will sit in the stern of the boat. Nat can hoist the flag and make as much noise as he wishes. Nell says he will hurt his throat shouting so loudly. She says he roars like the surf on the beach. They hope to catch plenty of fish to fry. iss- oa- bliss boat hiss cloak kiss coach kisses coat miss float missel gloat missing goad mission goal misspell groan missend loan misstatement moan mistaken moat misunderstandoatmeal oats rolled-oats roach road roar soap soapsuds throat toad toadstool toast arch- sy- zy- anarchist zy- anarchy cozy arch crazy arches dizzy Archie fuzzy larch (a tree) lazy march mazy parch citizen starch idler laborer sy- merchants daisy pupils posy sailor rosy students teachers Lesson No. 70. It is evening and the sky is full of rosy lights. The children are marching home from their picnic by the lake. Nell says it makes her dizzy to look up at the arches of red and golden light made by the setting sun. A big green toad sits by the roadside and croaks as they pass. Nell tells Nat that the little toa;ds are call- ing "Katy did — Katy did." Nell tells him that they all sing on a sum- mer evening. Nell holds Nat's hand for he is sleepy as well as tired. 30 ex- ounce- exact exactly exchange excite excitement excuse exercise explain explaining express extend extending ounce - bounce bouncing denounce renounce flounce flouncing ounces pounce pouncing pronounce pronouncing renounce liesson No. 71. The children are playing house-keeping to- day. Nell is the little house-keeper and buys her groceries from Sam. She buys an ounce of pepper and a bar of soap and some lard. Sam is a good merchant and Nell expects to get exact weight. She explains to Sam that his groceries must be exchanged if she finds they are not first class goods. Sam gets very much excited trying to ex- plain that he carries only the best class of groceries. He claims that he carries excellent groce- ries which he sells at cash prices. liesson No. 72. dii -ole - ny. disappoint hole funny disappointment mole rainy discard pole pony discharge role downy dismay sole Jenny display knot-hole Benny distinctly mole-hill sunny distress doleful penny disturb stolen Fanny Little Nat Is the expressman and brings Nell the groceries she has ordered from Sam. He is running fast and does not stop quickly enough. The pole of his little red wagon pokes into a pile of boxes. The boxes form Nell's kitchen. Nell does not like to be disturbed so scolds Nat for his carelessness. Nat is dismayed for he fears that Sam will discharge him. He trys to explain just how It happened. Nell says that she will excuse him this time. She pays for the things that he brought with a bright new penny. When Nat was running to deliver the goods, the bar of soap bounced out of the bed of the wagon. Nat feels dismayed for Sam will be disappointed in him as an ex- pressman. liesson No. 73. aught - ought - use. caught naught naughty haughty haughtily naughtiness slaughter haughtiness This is a very useful game as it teaches the children to count quickly. Nell sometimes buys the fraction of an ounce. This is really naughty, because Sam can not count as quickly as she can. It disturbes him and makes him feel very much ashamed. He in- tends to study very hard this winter, in school, so that Nell will not outdo him in sums next winter. bought use sought fuse fought muse wrought useful ought abuse boughten bruise brought mused wrought-iron contuse useful game as it teaches the children to 31 ect- collected collection collector correct dialect election intellect intellectual Intellectually lecture lecturer recollect recollection reject select selection Lesson No. 74. Sometimes Sam is the collector and comes for Nell to pay him for the groceries. He plays that he is a German with quite a dialect. They often get into heated discussions over the bill. Sam never fails to give her a good lecture on the bad habit of letting accounts stand unpaid. Sometimes she finds an error in the account and Sam has to correct it. She can always recollect if she has had to reject any parcels and select new ones, or if there has been any change in the original account. It is an amusing as well as an intellectual game. Lesson No. 75. ow - mow show arrow elbow grow shown tallow fellow grown know shallow follow bow known shadow sparrow blow knowing narrow willow blown snow pillow yellow slow snowing minnow flown slowly snow-ball mellow unknown crow throw meadow yellower crovv'ing thrown lower narrower The children are playing under the willow tree to-day. The willow grows in the narrow strip of meadow just below the house. A shallow stream flows close by. There are little minnows in the stream. Nat cuts a willow branch and ties a crooked pin to a string and throws it into the water. He always wants to fish when ever he comes near water of any kind. He is a dear little fellow with blue eyes and yellow curls. Nell Is always kind to him. com- combat combative combativeneea combine combustive comet comic comical command commander commandingly commemorate commence commencement commend comment commerce commit committee common commonly complain complaining complete complex compliment comply compose communicate compound commute comprise compact compute comparison comrade Lesson No. 76. When Nat has finished Nell makes a cocked hat for him. Nat likes to play that he is the commander of a large army. He usually carries a sword and wears a cocked hat to show that he is the com- mander. Sam is the head officer and gave him the commandership. Nat gives the commands in a very stern voice, which sounds quite comical com- ing from such a dear little fellow. He and Nell are great comrades. Nell never laughs at him. alk- adge-edge-idge- balk balking idge- chalk bridge stalk fidget talk fidgety talked midge talking ridge walk walked walking Adge- badge badgeless? badger Madge edge- acknowledgment edge fledge hedge ledge knowledge pledge sedge sledge sledge-hammer wedge Lesson No. 77. The meadows are full of daisies and dan- delions. They are white and yellow and pink. The children play near the edge of the bridge where an old badger has made his hole in the soft sand. They have been talking of the strange way he always commences his underground lodge. Sam walked near the edge of the baijk which commanded a view of the badger's hole and there he caught sight of the badger himself. Sam called to Nell and Nat to look. The badger heard him, and looking around in a confused way, for a moment, darted into his hole. The children cried out excitedly for him to s*^op, but he darted over the edge of the ridge and disappeared. ool- some- cool cooler fool foolish foolishness school schooling schoolhouse some- handsome handsomely /handsomeness lonesome lonesomeness somebody somehow schoolmaster somerset ischoolmistresasomething spool stool tool scholar scholarship coughs cries groans howls laments laughs lisps moans screams sighs sings sneezes stammers stutters weeps sometime somewhat somewhere tiresome winsome winsomeness Lesson No.78. When Sam came back from watching the badger he had both hands full of flowers. They all sat down in the shade of the wil- low and made a chain of pink and white daisies for Nell. After they had placed the daisy chain around her neck and crowned her with a wreath of yellow flowers, they started some music. Nell sang a lot of pretty school songs and Sam blew on a willow fife or whistle. Little Nat beat his drum and Dick howled. They were very noisy children. ble-dle- ow- feeble brow marble browbeat sable brown stable browner table brown-bread table-cloth brownish bridle browse cradle cow girdle coward idle cowardice ladle cowardly needle cow-catcher cowlick cowslip crown drown flower frown howls mow now row towel gown Lesson No. 79. Nell takes off her crown of yellow dande- lions and smooths her sleke brown hair. She takes some sweet cowslips anJ trims her hat with them. It will soon be time to go home. The old red cow is browsing on the other side of the meadow. Sam will drive her home with them when they go. The hired man will milk her when they reach the stable. Little Nat asks if hisi cowhide shoes were made from the skin of an old red cow like their bossy. He seems quite interested in all Nell tells him about cowhide and leather goods. Nat is anxious to learn. He is always asking Sam and Nell questions. 34 tion- (shun)- ambition attention auction auctioneer celebration combination combustion commemoration commutation conception junction mention motion question section station vacation fraction fractional liesson No. 80. Nell can not always answer all Nat's ques- tions. He always pays close attention to her answers. He has a very good conception of what she tells him. So she always endeavors to answer in such way that he will understand. They seldom play school as many children do. They feel that it is better for them to be in motion during their vacation time. They are happy active children. They romp and run but never fidget. ale- age- bale hale male pale paleness palette salable sale tale message management passage cabbage cabbage-worm package damage sausage village manage courage discourage encourage courageous courageously carmage carriage-horse adage tonnage Lesson No. 81. Sam is having an auction sale to-day. He has collected all the salable things he ' could find and has sent word to Nell and Nat to come and buy from him. The first thing he auctions off is a package of chocolate-drops. It belongs to Nell. Sam found it in her sewing-bag. Little Nat bids one cent and after crying it several times Sam is forced to give it to Nat for a cent. Nell will not bid at all for she feels very indignant toward Sam for taking her sweet-meats and selling them. Sam thought it would be a great joke to make Nell buy her own chocolates. He said that the package was damaged anyway. Next Sam auctions off Nell's doll-carriage but she does not care about that for al- though Nat bought it for five cents, she knows that he will return it to her. Nell has not bid at all so far but now that Sam puts his box of paints up for sale and his palette and brushes she bids over Nat and gets them all for ten cents. Sam thinks it is time to stop now for he realizes that the joke is on him. He fears that Nell will not give him back his paints until he buys her another box of chocolates. .So ast - sion- (shun)- astonish astonished astonishment cast elastic elasticity fastening last mast master master-piece past plaster excursion intermission mansion mission missionary- permission procession Lesson No. 82. It is the 4th of July and the children are taking in the celebration. They listen to the band and watch the long lines of people in procession. The village street is decorated with flags and bunting and arches of bright flowers. The children have never attended such a fine celebration before and they are as- tonished at the number of people present Little Nat has permission to buy fire- works for the evening. He wants to purchase them now but Nell says it will be too much trouble to carry them around all day. After watching the procession pass the children go over to the merry-go-round to ride until it is time to go to the cir- cus tent. re - reason rebound recall receive reception recess rechange reclaim recoil reconciler recopy recount recovering recovery recross redeem redress reduce refresh refreshments regards reinstate rejoice remark remarkable remain remelt remember remind remit remittance remonstrance Lesson No. 83. remorseful It is a wonderful circus, or so the children remould think. repay They buy pop-corn and candy and pink reply lemonade for their noon-day refresh- report ments. repulse Even Nell thinks it is not necessary to re- repulsing strict their appetites on such a glorious request holiday. resentment She grants every request of little Nat's. reside It is warm and dusty in the circus tent resist but the children do not mind that resisted There are wonderful trained dogs and resolve beautiful prancing horses and cages full respond of strange interesting animals, responsible There are clowns with funny painted faces, restore There are beautiful women who stand restrain erect on their horses backs and jump restrained through paper hoops, resound Nell watches them breathlessly, result She feels certain she would never have retain the courage to try such a thing no mat- retort ter how well she might ride, return There is shouting and clapping of hands returned and stamping. reveal The air resounds with the confusion of revealing many sounds. reverse The children have enjoyed every moment revolt of the day. revolting When the circus is over the children return reward to their homes tired but happy, rewarded rewards 36 be - ist ■ ■ py - became Ist- "because blister become Christina before gist began glisten begin grist behold list belong listen below minister beyond mist beseech Mister (Mr.) < -i sister py- sister-in-law croupy r^f droopy dusty happily happy lusty musty poppy puppy sleepily sleepy sloppy Liesson No. S-t, For nearly a week after the circus Sam and Nat spend most of their spare time train- ing Nat's little puppy Dick to stand on his hind legs and beg and beseech them for a bit of bread or meat. Nell thinks it is a pitty when they first begin the training. But as she listens to their plan of giving a circus of their own she too becomes in- terested in the training of Nat's sleepy little puppy. Even the puppy seems to enjoy it and is happy because they all notice him so much. in - Inactive inarticulate inattention inattentive inaudible inaugurate incapable incident incline inclose income incomplete inconsiderate inconstant increase independent Independence inquire insist instead intend intrude invert index initial invite Lesson No. 85. Yesterday an incident occurred which in- creased Sam's desire to give a circus. They were invited to help increase the in- come of the minister in the Independ- ence Church by helping with a small en- tertainment. Sam was never an inactive member, but now he proves so active and sees so many ways of helping with the increase of salary that even Nell advises him to go into something and make money for himself. 37 au - int - audible audience audit auger August because Claude defraud fraud haul inaudible inaugurate inauguration laud Maud Paul pause sauce vaudeville Iiesson No. 86. dint Nell has a little visitor to-day. flint Grace Brown has come to spend the after- hint noon with her. intend Sam begins to tell what a fine auctioneer intended he was this morning but Nell interrupts intending him by showing Grace the palette and lint brushes and paints which she purchased flint at the sale. flinty Sam thinks this is a gentle hint for him to mint talk about something else, peppermint He suggests that they play circus or show peppermint-tree out under the old willow tree, print Sam says that he will send Nat for Paul printer and Claude to come and help him. printing Grace and Nell and little Nat can be the splint audience. splinter Back of the willow tree, near the bridge, stint is a thick hedge. tint Sam says they can dress for the circus be- hind this thick screen of leaves. Sam takes a plank, puts it on two flat rocks and so makes a seat for the girls. He tells them that they must buy a badge, for no badgeless person will be allowed in the audience. ph - (f) - atmosphere camphor camphor-ice cipher ciphering decipher nephew orphan orphanage orphan-hood Orpheum Orpheum-circuit phaeton Philip philisophy phonograph phosphorus photograph photographer photography physical physician phrasing sphere Lesson No. 87. When Nat returns with the other children Sam takes Paul and Claude to one side and outlines his plans to them. They will give a vaudeville performance. The boys are both eager and interested but feel a little doubtful about carrying out Sam's plans. Nell and Maud and Grace and little Nat make quite an imposing looking audi- ence. They sit very still for a long time waiting for the boys to begin the circus. Nell says it makes her feel quite like at- tending an Orpheum. It is very pleasant out under the willow. A large bumble bee drones lazily over a cluster of fragrant honeysuckles. The children talk in subdued whispers. Little Maude who is an orphan and lives with Grace Brown's mother, nods sleep- ily. It is so quite and peaceful that they all begin to feel drowsy, when suddenly the hazy quiet of the afternoon is broken by such a confusion of harsh sounds that they all jump up startled It is Sam and his two assistants entering the circus ring. 38 inter - disinterested intercede Interest interfere interference internal internally internationally interplace interpledge interpose interrogate interrogation interrupt intersect intertangle intertwine interval interview interweave Lesson No. 88. The three boys are dressed like clowns with painted faces and old clothes. They rush into the ring and tumble and fall over each other and are quite as funny as real clowns could be. In the interval between this and the next act Sam asks the audience to please sing something. So Nell starts a song that they all know. The second act in their vaudeville Sam an- nounces as an "international" boxing contest. It is between Paul and Claude. Sam acts as referee. The two boys box very skillfully but soon the fighters get so excited that Sam has to interfere. They both seem to resent the interruption but the audience applaud so warmly that the boxers finally bow themselves out of the ring and disappear behind the hedge, in a perfect storm of applause. Sam disappears behind the hedge also but soon reappears with a plate of cookies and a basket of ripe peaches. It will take the boys some little time to prepare the last act and Sam thinks that the audience will wait more contentedly if he treats them to these nice refresh- ments. ence - odge defence defenceless fence fence-post fenced fencer fencing hence henceforth henceforward pence thence dodge lodge lodger lodgings lodgment -udge- ount- drudgery grudge judge judgment judgship trudge trudging dismount amount bountiful bounty dismount fount fountain fountain-pen mount .mountain '.Mountain-top dismounting Lesson No. 89. Sam finally appears in the opening of the hedge fence and announces that the last act of their circus will be Professor Paul Dodge and his two wonderful trained dogs. Paul has on Nat's little red cap and Nell's red coat and the two dogs are dressed in bright colored blankets with ribbon bows and bells. Paul makes the dogs stand erect and walk and jump through a hoop and mount a box. Nell says that in her judgment the closing act is by far the best. They all pronounce it a fine circus and well worth the admission price. 39 eck - oc - checking occasion checkmate occasionally deck occasional fleck occult freckles occupation neck occupy necktie occur peck octagon speck octant speckled octave reckless October reckoning octopus decking octoroon pecking oculist Lesson No. 90. It is Saturday morning and a beautiful day. Neil has just finished her morning's prac- ticing. She can reach an octave now. Sam stops on his way to the lake to ask her to join him and little Nat in their Sat- urday's play. Sam has an old toy ship which he is going to wreck. He will let Nat be the captain and Nell may be the only passenger rescued. When they reach the smooth sandy beach Sam takes oE his necktie and uses it as a fiag. Nat hoists the flag and the ship is launched. It is a great occasion and they all shout with glee. But soon Sam drops a heavy rock in the stern of the staunch little ship. It sways and staggers and flnally sinks slowly out of sight. con - concave conceal concealment conceit conceivable concent concentrate (Concentration conception concern concerning concession concise conclave conclusion conclusive concord Concord concrete condense condition condole conductive conductor consequence contradict contradiction Lesson No. 91. Sam and Nat run v/ildly up and down the beach waving their hands frantically and pretending to feel very depressed over the condition of their vessel. Sam wades recklessly into the water and rescues the ship. He says that he will collect heavy damages from the Insurance Company for the wreckage of his beautiful vessel. Nell has taken off her hat and the warm sun is making freckles on her face. Sam tells her that ship-wrecked people never wear hats and that an occasional freckle or two is nothing. Sam throws a few drops of water on Nell's checked apron to give it the appearance of being foam-flecked. 40 Lesson No. 92. cious- (shus) ; ous- (us) tious-(shus)- delicious deliciously gracious graciousness luscious lusciousness precious famous famously gorgeous gorgeously joyous joyously porous wondrous cautious cautiously fractious Sam came running in shouting joyously. He waves on high a precious letter bearing the post-mark of a famous European city. It is from uncle Philip who is abroad studying to be a sculptor. Sam cautiously breaks the seal so as not to tear the envelope. Nell and Nat crowd around him while he reads it. This is Sam's first letter bearing a foreign post-mark. He is so excited that Nell has to help him read it aloud. Nell can read writing much more rapidly than Sam can anyway. She reads aloud the following letter. Lesson No. 93. ench - ure bench benches drench drenching French instruments stench wrench wrenching sure lure failure mixture capture moisture picture picture-frame picturesque r Paris, France. April 15, 1910. Mr. Samuel Long. Oakland, Cal., " Dear Nephew Sam: u- r Well, youngsters, I saw something to-day that made me think of you kids at home. It was a boy about your size, and a girl who reminded me of Nell,, and a dear little chap who made me think of Nat. They were not French children, although they were dressed in the height of French fashion. They were English children. The boy who looked like you, Sam, was driving a small pony which was hitched to a smart little two-wheeled cart. The youngster, Nat'9 size, had his hair cut off "Dutch fashion" and looked quite DicturGSQUG. The little miss, whom I called Nell from the start, was not nearly as pretty as our Nell at home but was dressed much more gorgeously. The driver was a bit more pompous than our Sam but never-the- less there was a wondrous resemblance to you three youngsters at home. 41 esh - olt - ac©. Lesson No. 04. tresh bolt necklace mesh colt terraces flesh molt palaces freshness molting furnace fleshiness bolted surface freshet 5f coltish graceful threshing poultry gracefully meshes , poultice disgraceful (Letter continued.) They were in a shady lane just outside the small village of Mezin. They were driving down this shady lane which was near a green pasture. The pasture was dotted with daisies and dandelions and larkspurs. I was sitting on a rustic bench under a spreading elm tree when I distinctly heard the little girl say, "Brother, can't we stop and pluck some of those beautiful weeds?" The boy answered, "No, Sis, it's too much of a nuisance to sit so jolly still and hold this bloomin' nag. Just fancy that you have them." ay - (a); - ire- ore - bay fire bray .hire day hired fay hired-man gay mire gray tire lay wagon-tire away coal-fire may bore nay gore pay lore play more pray pore stay snore stray sore tray tore Lesson No. 95. (Letter continued) Sometimes of an evening I sit on the ter- race smoking and dreaming of you dear ones at home and of the time when I shall return to you a famous sculptor. When I do return I shall bring Nell a neck- lace, just like the one the girl had on to-day. It shall have blue stones set in a rough surface. I shall bring Sam the Frenchiest watch fob I can find, and dear little Nat shall have the grandest picture-book and the most interesting games I can find in all Paris. Don't forget your Uncle and be good chil- dren. So long. Uncle Philip. P. S. Say bow-wow to Jack for me. 42 Lesson No. 06 inch - igh - mince nigh prince quince since mincing mince-meat princess quinces high sigh higher highest sighing thigh thigh-bone The children read this wonderful letter a dozen times. Nat wants to know if there will be pictures of princes and princesses in his book. Nell sighs with delight at the mere thought of her beautiful neck- lace and moves her head gracefully from side to side. She can almost feel the links of the chain about her slim throat. Sam puts his thumb and finger into his vest pocket and wonders raguely how he ever got along without a watch. It is really necessary that he should have one in order to let the boys know exactly what time it Is. He is sure that Uncle Philip will bring the watch too if he re- members that Sim has none. cent - de -inge cent deceit center deceive 'centigram declare centiped decline central defeat centralize defend century degree incentive delay decent delightful cringe fringe hinge hinging infringe singe singeing twinge twingeing Lesson No. 97. Sam read an advertisement in the Century yesterday morning. It was a chance to get a watch free. If he sends five dollars to the company they will send him six watches. He can sell five of them and keep the other one for himself. Sam declares that he will have one, but he must wait for he has only |2.45. Sam dislikes the delay but must wait until he earns the rest of the money. It will be delightful to have a watch of his own. Sam feels not the slightest twinge of con- science in asking little Nat to loan him all his money. Little Nat has only 15 cents but he is de- lighted to help in even the smallest de- gree. He wishes he had more to lend Sam. 43 -aim- (am) almanac almond alms calms palms psalms chance dance distance glance glancing prance -ance gh-(f); laugh laughed laughter laughing calf half aloft loft loftier loftiest often soft Lesson Xo. 98. ■oft - Sam's first chance to make the price of the watch came that morning when his father started to the city. Sam asked him if he might go with him and sell a half bushel basket of clams he had dug before day-light and also a box of almonds which he had gathered and shelled the day before. Sam's father was much amused and not a little pleased at the business like way in vv'hich Sam set to work to earn the watch. He will help Sam if he needs it but thinks it v.-isest to let him do his own planning as far as he can. ei-(a) -eigh-. ,ght - oom - veil broom veiling broomstraw reindeer coop skein cooper eight droop eighty groom freight hoop freighting loom neigh moon neighbor noon neighborhood [ room sleigh scoop sleighing snoop eighteen soon weight sooner weighty soonest Lesson No. 99. oon - oop - Sam came home that night with eighty cents from the clams and fifty cents from the almonds. It had cost him ten cents each way on the train and five cents car-tare. The baskets weighed far too much for him to carry alone and although his father helped him on the train with them Sam had to manage by himself when he reached the city. The train conductor, who was a neighbor, and knew Sam's father, was very kind to him. He did not charge Sam any freight on his heavy baskets, and also gave him a help- ing hand in changing from the train to the car. Sam knew that the clams and almonds were worth more but felt satisfied with his day's work as it was all pure gain. 44 Lesson Xo. 100. ant-ave -other- ound - ants grave brother bound bantam gravel mother found disenchant have motherly- ground disenchantment pave others hound enchant save otherwise mound implant shave smother pound plants wave smothered sound The next morning Sam's mother told him that he might have fifty cents for raking the gravel walks and spading the vegeta- ble bed behind the house. Sam worked hard all day and at night his mother gave him not only the fifty cents but an extra dime besides. This made Sam just four dollars and twenty-five cents. Earned. $2.45 Had at first. .15 Borrowed from Nat. .80 Clams. .50 Almonds. .60 From mother. Spent. .20 Two train fares. .05 One car-fare. $4.50 Total. .25 Total. ful - ion - careful beautiful cheerful gleeful faithful playful thankful hopeful helpful graceful (yun) - ast - Lesson No. 101. billion million trillion onion companion cushion fashion fashionable opinion Union last mast ' past plaster master mastiff master-piece elastic elasticity fastening After dinner Sam sat down and wrote the following letter to the Manufacturing Co. Oakland, Cal. April 17, 1910. Waterbury Manufacturing Co., Springfield, Mass. Gentlemen: — Inclosed in this letter you will find a five dollar money order for which please send me six (6) of your best waterbury watches, (as per advertised in the April number of the Century). Very respectfully, Samuel Long, Oakland, Cal. 45 re - Temit re melt remittance rebound reception rechange recoil reclaim reconsider recopy recount Lesson No. 102. recall recess receive refresh refreshments rejoice repay remind remain remark remember recover recovering recross redeem redress reduce remonstrance reason remound remarkable remorseful It took Sam some time to write out this letter, and it was quite late when he remembered that he must see Nell that evening and borrow 75 cents from her. Nell had just received her weekly remittance from her father, so Sam had very little trouble in getting the seventy-five cents. Sam remained a little while and told the story of his remarkable luck. He promised to repay Nell when he sold his first watch. He re- joiced greatly when, a half hour later, he recrossed the street with the full amount in his possession. The next morning his father took the letter and money with him. He promised to advance the money for the money-order fee and the expressage on the watches. Sam remained at home chopping kindling, and currying the horses, and weeding the garden, to repay his father. el -il l)arrel bushel chapel funnel hazel kennel kernel level morsel navel novel tl- (n). Lesson No. 103. panel parcel quarrel satchel tassel travel tunnel weasel April pencil pupil knapsack knead knee knight knit knives knob knock knuckle knowledge acknowledge Nell was out under the laurel tree knitting a bead satchel. Little Nat was kneeling by the puppy ken- nel playing with Jack. Sam comes up the gravel walk with a small parcel in his hands. His watches have come. Sam calls Nat to come and see them. They are beautiful. So shiny and new. Sam has wound one of them up to show how it goes. He will not wear hig own watch until he has sold the other five. 46 oud - oup - our - aloud courage cloud court cloudy four loud fourteen louder fourth loudest pour proud sour proudest sourness couple couplet coupling croup group grouping soup soup-ladle Lesson No. 104. They all crowd around to see. Sam lets Nat hold one of the watches and hear it tick. Then he asks Nat if he does not want to buy one. Sam says that he already has a deposit of fifteen cents and that Nat can pay him the rest a little at a time. Nat runs into the house to ask Mama. He takes one of the watches clasped tightly in both his little fat hands. Nat's mama comes out under the laurel- tree and asks Sam many questions. Sam says that Nat may turn the account with Nell if he wishes. That he may pay Nell the 75 cents when he gets it and pay him the remaining ten. Nat's mother thinks this is the best plan. She does not mind Nat owing his sister 75c but she dislikes the idea of her tiny five year old boy getting in debt to his little neighbor. She will give Nat the 10c now. So little Nat buys the first watch and wears it. proudly. L^son Xo. 105. able - ible - outh agreeable inflammable lovable miserable peaceable remarkable vegetable corruptible credible terrible mouth mouthful mouth-piece south south-east southern southerner southward south-west southwestern Cook came to the kitchen door and watched then. She had a long- handled soup ladle in her hand. Little Nat ran up and showed her his beautiful new watch. Cook came out under the tree and looked at them herself. In an incredibly short time Sam had one watch wound and running, and ready for inspection. He told her in his most agree- able manner how it worked. Cook bought one for her nephew, a boy about fourteen years old, who lives in a neighboring town. They smelt something burning so cook ran into the house to see if the chicken she had left in the oven was all right. It was then time to prepare the vegetables for dinner. Little Nat ran into the house with her to bring the dollar back to Sam. Claude and Paul both bought a watch before the day was over. Claude did not have money enough to pay for his watch so Sam trusted him. Sam is a remarkable salesman. 47 Lesson No. 106. eep - nr- (r) carpet-sweeper creep deep deeper keep peep sheep sleep sleeping steep sweep weep wrap wrapper wreaths wrench wren wriggle wrist write written wrong wrote wrung Sam could hardly sleep that night for planning how to dispose of his fifth watch. He decided to raffle it off. The next morning Sam cut twenty pieces of paper, and wrote numbers on them. He wrapped the watch up carefully and let Claude take it and the tickets around town. That afternoon they all met under the laurel tree at Nell's. Claude had sold all the tickets. Little Nat had bought one, and Ned Hood, Sam's old enemy, had two. It seemed as though all the boys in town were there. Sam counted all the money Claude had and put It in his pocket, then he collected ?11 the slips of paper, and folding them, put them in a deep box. They put a handkerchief over Nell's eyes so that she could not possibly peep, and let her thrust her hand and wrist deep into the box and select a ticket. Lesson No. 107. ouch-ouse crumb couch dumb crouch dumb-bells grouch dumb-waiter grouse lamb house limb housewife limber louse plumber mouse numb souse thumb houses the paper from Nell's hand, and, opening it, read Nat's number. The silence was intense. Every one seemed too surprised to speak for a moment, and then all talked at once. Little Nat stood with eyes and mouth open with amazement. Then, as Sam held the watch out to him, a wave of color swept over his face and tears of pure joy filled his eyes. Having two watches was too much for one little boy. Silently he grasped the watch, and without a word or look at the group of disappointed boys, he ran breathlessly to tell mama all about it. Sam was sorry that one of the larger boys had not won the watch; but after the first shock of surprise they all felt amused that little Nat should be so lucky. Sam took his watch to the jeweler's to have his initials engraved on it. eap - mb - (m) - cheap cheaper cheapest heap heaped heaping leap reap reaper reaping Sam gravely took 48 Lesson No. 108. pro - probable progress proceed prohibition process prolong proclaim prominence procure promise produce promote production prompt profane pronounce professor pronunciation professional property profile propose profit prose profitable protect profound protest profuse provide programme prove Little Nat is wearing both watches to-day, much to the envy of the larger boys. He is very profuse in his expressions of gratitude. He produces the watches every few minutes to prove that they are real and not a delightful dream. He wonders if the tax collector will tax him for his personal property. The boys propose to raffle one of them off for him, but he promptly says no. He feels that he could not possibly part with either. He protests vigorously against lending one to Ned Hood in exchange for his top. In fact, he can not see how any boy can do with less than two watches. Lesson No. 109. en - encore engross encounter enhance encourage enjoy encyclopedia enlarge endanger enlighten endeavour enough endure enquire enemy enrage energy enter enfold enthusiastic enforce entice engage entreat engineer envelope engrave envy It was a rainy Saturday and the children felt very much abused. They did not enjoy staying in the house and playing quiet games. They could not endure the house on a holiday. It was bad enough on school days. On Saturdays they liked to run and romp, and vent their enthusiasm in shouts and laughter. Nell took down the encyclopedia and selected the longest word she could find. Then they endeavored to build as many small words from it as they could. It was a very engrossing game, for Nell. Little Nat did not enjoy it very much. He went to the window and looked out. He flattened his nose against the window pane and watched the raindrops trickle down. He gave a shout of joy when he saw Sam opening the garden gate. There was a loud knocking at the front door and Sam entered, dripping. An Lesson No. 110. ange - onge - unge - gn - (n) granger sponge range ranger stranger lunge plunge plunging orange spongecake sponging strangers oranges changes lunging ranging gnaw granl gnat gnash gnawing gnome gnawed gnashing He took them off on the welcome. Ranger is the Sam had on his rain-coat and rubbers, kitchen porch. Old Ranger wagged him a hired-man's dog. Dick was there too, knawing a bone Nat had given him. Ranger lunged at Dick, and growled and gnashed his teeth. Dick plunged down the kitchen steps and ran to the barn and hid his precious bone in the manger. Sam returned to the sitting-room. He paused in the kitchen just long enough to help himself to an orange and a piece of sponge-cake. Lesson No. 111. imp - imp dimple simple pimple simpleton limping impure impulse imprint impress impose imposition impart impair impassable impassion impatient impediment impending impel imperfect impersonal improvement imperceptable Nell put away the encyclopedia. She knew that Sam would rather play some more active game. She liked to play games which improve the mind. She was always ready to impart her knowledge. Her im- pulsive desire to lead always impressed the other children. It made Sam feel impatient to think he was more imperfect in general knowl- edge than Nell. He said he felt like a simpleton. He would rather play Wild Indian than even the simplest kind of a guessing game. Nell thought that Wild Indian was too noisy for indoor play. 50 Lesson No. 112. pre - pretend preface prevent prefer previous prefix precede prejudice precept preliminary precious preclude precipitate prepare precise present prelude presentment predict press predicate presume predominate . president Nell's mama was present. She knew, from previous experience, what a noisy game Wild Indian was. She had a prejudice against it. So to prevent them from playing it she suggested some more quiet game. She pressed them to form a club. As a prelude she nominated Sam as President. She said that Nell might be the only active member. This precluded little Nat. He said that he did not care- as he prefered almost any other game. Nell started to prepare a paper in her usual precise manner. She was always careful to place her subject and predicate in their proper places, and she wrote each prefix very clearly. Sam opened the meeting with a few preliminary remarks. He began each statement with polite smiles and bows. As a preface to his speech he explained what a great nation this is. Then he predicted greater things for the future. He presumed they would all wish to help with the good work. He closed his remarks with the precept that they should not waste one precious moment. 51 Singular Plural book books bridge bridges bush bushes chair chairs chief chiefs dish dishes dog dogs fish fishes flame flames flower flowers game games hoof hoofs hut huts Indian Indians lake lakes path paths peach peaches plank planks shawl shawls stamp stamps tray- trays tree trees watch watches wharf wharfs wish wishes Lesson No. 113. The Singular Number denotes only one. The Plural Number denotes more than one. Nearly all nouns are made plural by add- ing s or es to the singular form. es is added to words ending in s, z, x, sh, or ch (soft) because they sound so much like s that we can not pronounce the plural without giving it another syllable. The children trooped noisly up to the attic. It is a large pleasant room in the top of the house, with sleeping roofs that reach the eaves on two sides. Large dormer windows on the east and west let in plenty of light, even on the darkest days. From the west windows they can see the wharfs where they usually play on pleasant days. Two large brick chimneys take up lots of room, but make it a warm and comfortable place to pay. Mama has it swept and dusted each week, so that it is an ideal play-room. Many old chairs and books and a few cracked and nicked dishes are packed neatly away in the corners. There are three large sea-chests that belong to Uncle Fred. These chests are full of beautiful things that he has brought from for- eign countries. They are never locked and the children esteem it a great honor to be allowed to look through them when ever they wish to. 52 Singular Plural barley barleys boy boys chimney chimneys day days donkey donkeys honey honeys journey journeys money moneys monkey monkeys play plays ray rays stay stays toy toys turkey turkeys Lesson No. 114. Rule: Words ending in y preceded by a vowel form their plural by adding s. Sam drags the largest chest into the middle of the room, where the light which filters through the leaded panes of the dormer window will strike it, and throws the heavy lid back with a bang. They all crowd around to see. The chest is full of beautiful things. There are large squares of embroidered linen and beautiful silk shawls with heavy fringe. There are curious toys, and dainty fans with frail twisted handles. Nell takes up one with quaint carved ivory sticks, and unfurls it. Uncle Fred has promised it to her on her thirteenth birthday. She carefully closes it and returns it to its fragrant sandlewood box, with its beau- tiful inlaid lid. Uncle Fred has made many journeys to distant lands, and he always brings back some beautiful curio. Singular berry candy city daisy dolly fairy fifty ivy Plural berries candies cities daisies dollies fairies fifties ivies Lesson No. 115. Rule: Words ending In y preceded by a consonant change the y to i and add es to form their plural. jelly jellies Kitty Kitties lady ladies pansy pansies pantry pantries party parties penny pennies pony ponies puppy puppies story stories thirty thirties twenty twenties baby babies They take out these things one by one, and Sam places them in a huge pile by the chimney. Then, with reverent fingers, he pulls out a large bundle of flags. Nell spreads a newspaper on the floor, and they carefully unroll them. There are flags from every country in the world. The children take them up carefully, one after another, and look at them. Little Nat greatly admires the bright colors in the Spanish flag. 53 singular Plural brother child cow foot brethern children kine feet goose louse geese lice man men mouse mice ox tooth oxen teeth woman women Lesson No. 116. Eleven nouns form their plural by adding en or by changing a vowel. Sam takes up the flag of the new Chinese Republic and compares its bright orange and black with the old Chinese flag. Nell thinks the flags of Norway and Sweden are beautiful, but hastily adds that they can not compare with our own stars and stripes. Sam unrolls the German flag and holds it up to the light. He says there are more soldiers under this banner than any other; that Germany has the largest and strongest standing army in the world. Lesson No. 117. Eleven nouns ending in f and three in fe form their plurals by changing f or fe to ves. Singular Plural' beef beeves calf calves elf elves half halves leaf leaves loaf loaves self selves sheaf sheaves shelf shelves thief thieves wolf wolves knife knives life lives wife wives There is one old smoke-stained tattered banner. Little Na,t thinks that the rats have gnawed it, but Nell says no, that no rat has been allowed to set his sharp little teeth into its folds. She tell.s him that the ragged holes have been made by bullets, and that the dark spots are smoke stains; that it has been carried in battle. The children look it over with awe. They can almost see the long lines of soldiers marching and hear the roll of the drums. annals riches ashes scissors bitters suds dregs thanks eaves tidings goods tongs mumps trousers pincers victuals proceeds vitals Lesson No. 118. The following nouns are always plural both in form and meaning: Little Nat says that he would fight if an enemy came to hurt his country. They hold up the Stars and Stripes and admire its beautiful colors. They decide that it is the most beautiful flag of all. At Nell's suggestion they sing "The Star Spangled Banner" and "America." 54 Singular Plural buffalo buffaloes calico calicoes cargo cargoes echo echoes embargo embargoes hero heroes motto mottoes negro negroes potato potatoes tomato tomatoes volcano volcanoes alto altos banjo banjos canto cantos contralto contraltos domino dominos halo halos lasso lassos piano pianos solo solos soprano sopranos zero zeros tiesson No. 119. Names of musical instruments (and a few other nouns), ending in o preceded by a consonant, form their plurals by add- ing s. This is an exception to the regular rule for most nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant form their plurals by ing es to the singular. After putting away the flags they go down to the kitchen. Cook has just taken five loaves of bread out of the oven. She always bakes an extra loaf for the children. So they all have a slice of hot bread ajid butter. Nell's mama telephones to ^am's mama and asked if he may stay to dinner and spend the evening. It is the last evening of their vacation, and she intends letting them roast chestnuts and pop corn in the huge fireplace in the library. Nell's papa tells them wonderful fairy tales. It proves to be a very enjoyable evening. 55 Lesson No. 120. Bingnlar Plural alumnus alumni Many foreign nouns retain their native analysis analyses plurals. appendix appendices aquarium aquaria basis bases crisis crises oasis oases phenomenon phenomena radius radii vertex vertices Many foreign nouns are so commonly used that they have an English as well as a foreign plural. Singular For, Plural Eng. Plural bandit banditti bandits beau beaux beaus cherub cherubim cherubs radius radii radiuses seraph seraphim seraphs stamen stamina stamens It is Monday morning and the children have been up since dawn. The storm of yesterday has passed and the sky is bright and clear. School opens to-day. Although not quite six, little Nat is to begin to- day. He is so excited that he can hardly eat. At breakfast he asks for the tomatoes instead of the potatoes. Every one Is happy and eager. They are all ready for school almost an hour before opening time. Little Nat looks more like a blue-eyed bandit than a five-year-old cherub as he struts along between Sam and Nell. He looks very brave and important with his red cap on the back of his yellow curls. Although his mama smiles there are tears in her eyes. She knows that this is the first great change in his life. He will never be her baby again. From now on he must be more self-reliant, more manly. Now he must begin to fight his own battles. She sighs softly as she whis- pers: "Good luck go with you, little Nat." 66 V-' UNlv'ERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAIvIPED BELOW ==1 OCT 18 ^^^^ DEC 31 t3W m^ 9 i^w OCT 20 I9f f