DEDICATED TO 
 
 TO WHOSE PERSEVERANCE AND ZEALOUS WORK FOR THIRTY YEARS- 
 IS DUE THE REVIVAL AND FINAL SUCCESS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ic ClSamrs 
 
HON. WILLIAM H. TAFT, 
 Honorary President Olympic Games, 1912. 
 
SPALDING "RED COVER" SERIES OF 
 ATHLETIC HANDBOOKS 
 
 No, i;R 
 
 THE 
 OLYMPIC GAMES 
 
 STOCKHOLM 
 
 1912 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 JAMES E. SULLIVAN 
 
 American Olympic Commissioner to the Olympic 
 Games of 1912 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING 
 
 COMPANY 
 21 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK 
 
COPYRIGHT, 1912 
 
 BY 
 
 AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 NEW YORK 
 
HIS MAJESTY KING GUSTAVE V., OF SWEDEN, 
 
 257871 
 
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS CROWN PRINCE GUSTAVE, OF SWEDEN, 
 President of the Swedish Olympic Committee. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Introduction 9 
 
 The Olympic Idea Its Origin, Foundation and Progress 15 
 
 The Work of the International Olympic Committee 25 
 
 Organization of the American Committee 29 
 
 The Steamship Finland Trip 37 
 
 The Stadium '. . . . , 53 
 
 The Fifth Olympiad 55 
 
 Members of the American Team 91 
 
 Receptions in Sweden 99 
 
 Olympic Records 109 
 
 Score of First Seven Men in Pentathlon 137 
 
 Score of First Six Men in Decathlon 139 
 
 Marathon Race 141 
 
 Olympic Records for Events Not on Stockholm Programme 143 
 
 Olympic Swimming 149 
 
 Swimming Records 155 
 
 Winners of Olympic Competitions Other Than Track and Field 179 
 
 Rifle Shooting Competitions 187 
 
 Pistol and Revolver Competitions 195 
 
 Base Ball at Stockholm, 1912 199 
 
 Soccer Foot Ball Competition 201 
 
 How the Points Were Scored 211 
 
 The Prizes 218 
 
 Points Scored by the Different Nations in the Purely Athletic Events 220 
 
 Points Scored at the Conclusion of the Entire Olympic Programme 220 
 
 Winners in Olympic Games, Stockholm, 1912 221 
 
 Winners in Olympic Games Since 1896 222, 223 
 
 Number of Competitors from the Different Countries who Entered for the 
 
 Olympic Games at Stockholm, 191:2 224 
 
 Robert Means Thompson 225 
 
 New York Reception to Returning American Olympic Team 227 
 
 The International Olympic Committee 235 
 
 How the Team Trained on the Finland 237 
 
 Organization of Sports in Sweden 240 
 
 Now for Berlin in 1916... 245 
 
BARON PIERRE DsCOUBERTIN, 
 President International Olympic Committee. 
 
SPALDING'3 ATHLETIC LIBRARY, 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 The Fifth Olympiad, held under the auspices of the Swedish 
 Olympic Committee at Stockholm, will unquestionably go down 
 in history as the greatest of all international- contests, as well as 
 the premier gathering of the world's most expert athletes. 
 Twenty-seven countries sent teams of more or less size and merit 
 for thirty-one events on the track and field programme, and a 
 majority tried for such odd contests as the aquatics, gymnastics, 
 wrestling, rowing, fencing, shooting, cycling and yachting. 
 
 Chiefly on account of the fact, that originally the Olympic 
 Games only embraced track and field contests, that part of the 
 programme, as at all previous Olympic struggles, proved to be 
 the most attractive. On it was focusse.d the main strength of 
 the teams, and the battle for supremacy, both individually and 
 for points, produced one continuous string of the most sensa- 
 tional performances. Record after record went tottering to 
 oblivion and in many instances new marks saw the light, and of 
 a quality which even the most enthusiastic followers of amateur 
 sport had calculated to be impossible to modern prowess. 
 
 While almost every track event is worthy of a descriptive 
 chapter in itself, there are two which stand out in bold relief, 
 and these are the 1,500 and 800 meters, the latter being the 
 greater, as it was the means of contributing a new world's rec- 
 ord for the half-mile. An extra string had been put at the 880- 
 yard mark, and though the winner hesitated slightly after hitting 
 the finish of the 800 meters, he reached the half mile in I minute 
 52 1-2 seconds. There in the broad light of day, at a great 
 occasion, among the choicest of the world's competitors, and 
 before the world's keenest experts, all previous marks for the 
 800 meters and half-mile were blotted out and the new ones 
 substituted were of a caliber simply bordering on the marvelous. 
 The young man to perform the feat was an American and it is 
 still more satisfactory to remember that the second and third 
 were also Americans and that they beat the previous record. 
 
 The track and field part of the programme occupied the Sta- 
 dium, or Stadion, as the Swedes termed it, from July 6th to 
 I5th, the grand opening occurring on the former date. Every- 
 thing that went to make the inaugural was propitious, the 
 weather was glorious, and a bright, warm sun shone on the 
 arena, making the flags of all nations ruffling in the breeze 
 
A. G. SPALDING, 
 
 First American Director to the Olympic Games from the United States ; 
 appointed by President McKinley to Olympic Games at Paris. 1900. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAKY. 11 
 
 resemble an enormous multi-colored bow. Long before the hour 
 set for the ceremonies to begin the streets were thronged with 
 persons quietly wending their way to the Stadium. Trolley cars, 
 cabs, hacks and taxis were crowded to double their capacity, and 
 any sort of a conveyance was at a premium. 
 
 At one o'clock, to the fanfare of heralds and the applause of 
 the waiting multitudes, King Gustave V., accompanied by the 
 Queen, the Crown Prince Gustave Adolphe and the royal house- 
 hold, entered the Stadium, the arrival of their majesties being 
 the signal for the festival to begin. As the Swedish ruler 
 entered the royal box the band played the national anthem and 
 in a few minutes the gates were thrown open and the teams 
 began to enter. The general impression among the spectators 
 was that the athletes would line up alphabetically, by nations, in 
 front of the royal box, but that was not done. In such Case the 
 Americans would naturally be ranged according to the letters 
 "A" or "U," standing for America or United States, but that 
 did not happen, for the country's official designation on the pro- 
 gramme was "Forenta Staterna," which is Swedish for United 
 States. England was styled "Storbritannien," France was "Fran- 
 krike," Germany was "Tyskland," and so on with nearly all the 
 countries entered. As each team came in it was applauded, the 
 Americans receiving a tremendous cheer. Of the visitors the 
 Finlanders aroused the most enthusiasm, a company of Finnish 
 girls dressed in gray being no doubt the prime cause of the 
 warm reception. Besides the track and field team, the Swedes 
 were represented by a big contingent of men and women gym- 
 nasts, and the Stadium fairly shook with cheering when they 
 appeared, bringing up the rear. 
 
 After the groups came to a standstill the International Olympic 
 Committee, headed by the Crown Prince, took its place before the 
 royal box. Just then an immense choir at the far end of the 
 Stadium sang a hymn, accompanied by several bands, after 
 which the Rev. Oscar Clemens Aehfeldt, the royal pastor, 
 preached a short sermon. The Rev. R. S. De Courcy Laffan, a 
 member of the British Olympic Committee, offered a prayer in 
 English, followed by a wish for the peace and friendship of the 
 world. Then came the most solemn part of the ceremony, when 
 everybody uncovered and, standing, sang the well-known Luth- 
 eran hymn, "A Mighty Fortress Is Our God." 
 
 For a few moments there was a solemn stillness as the Crown 
 Prince advanced to the front of the international group and 
 addressed the King, saying : 
 
 "In every country the physical development keeps pace witlr 
 the intellectual. Physical culture is again occupying the place; 
 it formerly held in the life of nations. But if athletics are toj 
 
COL. ROBERT M. THOMPSON, 
 
 President of the American Olympic Committee and the largest contributor to 
 the Olympic Fund. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 13 
 
 be of great importance, all must take Interest in them. The] 
 more athletes the better. The aim of athletics is to develop the! 
 physique of all nations, not of a favored few. 
 
 "It is but natural that the athletes of every country should 
 meet like you are doing to-day and measure their strength in 
 peaceful rivalry. This, of course, is done every year in more or 
 less important contests, but the most important athletic struggle 
 is the quadrennial Olympiad, which alone is of sufficient impor- 
 tance to gather the athletes of every civilized country. 
 
 "As far as we are able to judge, the Fifth Olympic Games 
 will be the greatest international gathering of athletes that the 
 world has ever seen. We wish to thank the International Olym- 
 pic Committee for the great confidence shown us Swedes when 
 they accepted our invitation to arrange for the Fifth Olympic 
 Games in Stockholm. 
 
 "We believe that we have done our best ; and we know that 
 our motto always has been and ever will be : THE BEST WILL 
 CONQUER. 
 
 "Your Majesty ! In the name of the Swedish Organization 
 Committee I beg you to declare the Olympic Games in Stock- 
 holm opened." 
 
 Amidst a profound silence the King advanced to the front of 
 the royal box and in the clearest accent said : 
 
 "To-day, with justifiable pride and joy, we Swedes see ath- 
 letes from all parts of the world around us. It is a great honor 
 for Sweden that the Fifth Olympic Games should take place in 
 Stockholm, and I wish you and all the friends and followers 
 of sport a hearty welcome to this peaceable International .Con- 
 test of Nations. May the same noble thoughts that found an 
 expression in the Olympic Games of antiquity be so carried 
 out that these competitions become conducive to the physical 
 health and development of the wide world. With these words 
 I now declare the Olympic Games in Stockholm to be opened." 
 
 As the King retired to his seat the trumpeters, standing on 
 the battlements of the towers of the Stadium, clad in ancient 
 costumes, blew several long blasts. This was in keeping with 
 the custom of the early days of Greece when the heralds pro- 
 claimed to the world that the Olympic Games had begun. As 
 the last echo of the bugles died away on the distant hills the 
 Crown Prince lifted his hat and called for three cheers, which 
 were given with tremendous vigor. Then the athletes resumed 
 their march, each squad saluting as it came in front of the King. 
 No sooner had the last man disappeared outside the gate than 
 the lanes were strung out for the 100 meters and the battle 
 royal on the track for the supremacy of nations in athletics be- 
 gan without further delay. 
 
PROF. WILLIAM M. SLOANE. 
 
 American Member of the International Olympic Committee; member Board of 
 Governors Amateur Athletic Union. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 15 
 
 THE OLYMPIC IDEA ITS ORIGIN, 
 FOUNDATION AND PROGRESS 
 
 BY WILLIAM MILLIGAN SLOANE, 
 
 Professor of History in Columbia University and Senior 
 
 Member of the International Olympic Committee. 
 
 (Reprinted from the Century Magazine) 
 
 Some thirty years ago, M. Pierre de Coubertin, a young 
 Frenchman whose heartstrings had been wrung by the humilia- 
 tion of his country in 1870, began to study outdoor life in Eng- 
 land and America. He traveled extensively, published several 
 books on the subject, and in his own land was the organizer of 
 clubs for cultivating the more strenuous, inspiriting, and daring 
 sports which had hitherto been neglected. 
 
 The motto of M. de Coubertin was u Ludug_pro Patria." Its 
 spirit took possession of all continental Europe (especially where 
 patriotism was strongest), either because of its comparative nov- 
 elty or because the particular country was menaced by internal 
 or external danger. M. de Coubertin again took the lead, sum- 
 moning to the Sorbonne representative delegates, selected chiefly 
 from his wide personal acquaintance in different countries, for 
 the combined purpose of deliberation and action. 
 
 The meeting, which assembled on June 23, 1894, was not 
 imposing either in numbers or in the personal distinction of 
 those who attended it ; but it was impressive from the place of 
 its session, from the associations aroused by the great hall of 
 the Sorbonne, oldest of Western universities, from the interest 
 it awakened in the enlightened public, and, above all, from the 
 earnestness of the delegates. And there was faith, that mighty 
 mustard-seed. The result of the conference was the adoption of 
 the Olympic Idea, and the formation of an International Olym- 
 pic Committee, the object of which was, first and above all else, 
 to define and promulgate a purpose, until then rather vague ; 
 secondly, in the fullness of time to revive Olympic contests. 
 
 Of this committee the writer has been a member from the 
 beginning, until now, by priority of interest and anticipation, he 
 is almost, if not quite, the dean of its regular floor members. 
 The president, even premier in council and prime mover in 
 action, is Baron Pierre de Coubertin. The- committee's fore- 
 most task that with which it began its labors was to arrive at 
 
GUSTAVUS TOWN KIRB1. 
 
 President Amateur Athletic Union; Chairman Intercollegiate A. A. A. A. Advisory 
 
 Committee; Member Recreation Commission, New York City; 
 
 Member American Olympic Committee. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 17 
 
 some general definition of the Olympic Idea by the study of the 
 merits and demerits of the spirit shown at ancient Olympia in 
 Greece; to select those concepts which were still vital and use- 
 ful, and to adapt them to modern conditions; in short, to get 
 an outline of policy, and try it out by experiment and practice. 
 
 For this purpose the president, a man of classical training and 
 spirit, consulted not only men of similar caliber in his own land, 
 but those in other countries as well, making extended journeys 
 for the purpose. In America he was greeted enthusiastically, 
 winning many valiant hearts to his cause. Here, as elsewhere 
 among the select few, the Olympic Idea became almost an obses- 
 sion ; the many of course could not find time to bother with 
 an idealist and his strange doctrines. But the little handful in 
 each country was undismayed. There was lively corresponding, 
 comparing, and suggesting; finally came the appointment of a 
 small volunteer executive committee in Paris, whose modest 
 expenses were borne in part by slender contributions from those 
 in the International Committee, but mainly, however, by them- 
 selves. So by fairly rapid stages the idea took form and grew. 
 
 That the nucleus of the Olympic meeting must be field and 
 track athletics is inevitable, because these have become the com- 
 mon possession of vigorous, enterprising youth the world over. 
 The various events can, moreover, be standardized with greater 
 ease; that is, the details of rules, judges, and possible styles are 
 not difficult to arrange with equal justice to all. In regard to 
 field and track athletics there is likely to be less particularism, 
 less national jealousy, than in other forms of contests. From 
 the very outset, in the first Olympic gathering at Athens, 
 common ground for friendly emulation was easily established. 
 
 From this position it was inevitable that further discussion 
 would ensue, and for twenty years it has gone on in the public 
 forum of all countries, until opinion has become alert, concep- 
 tions have been clarified, and the earnest desire for definition 
 applicable to the widest field has become poignant. Clear, stable, 
 and definite legislation will be possible if, as proposed, a con- 
 gress of delegates from all the great federations of sports can 
 meet at Paris in 1914 in order to establish the standard Olym- 
 piad and thereby to celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the 
 first meeting at the Sorbonne. Lack of space forbids the his- 
 tory of Olympic evolution or even the recapitulation of the 
 events which have furnished its environment. There have been 
 thirteen plenary sessions of the International Committee, in 
 Paris (1894, 1901, 1902) ; Athens (1896, 1906) ; Havre (1897) ; 
 London, (1904, 1908) ; Brussels (1905) ; The Hague (1907) ; 
 Berlin (1909) ; Luxemburg (1910) ; and Budapest (1911)- Four 
 general congresses have been summoned by the committee, and 
 
BARTOW S. WEEKS, 
 
 Member Executive Committee of the American Olympic Committee ; Chairman 
 of Transportation Committee, and who for nearly a year did much of the work 
 of the Team Selection Committee and attended to all matters pertaining to the 
 transportation of the team. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 19 
 
 held under its auspices, for the discussion of vital questions, and 
 a fifth should be held in 1914 to create the type Olympiad. 
 Throughout this period The Olympic Review, now in its sev- 
 enty-fourth number, has appeared regularly; and most impor- 
 tant of all, under the auspices of the committee, four great 
 international contests have been held: the first at Athens, as was 
 ieemly (1896) ; the second in Paris (1900) ; the third in St. 
 Louis (1904) ; the fourth in London (1908). The fifth was 
 ^held in Stockholm, in July of the present year. The committee 
 has forty-four members, from thirty-one countries ; each of 
 these has a National Olympic Committee, larger or smaller, and 
 for the Stockholm games there were entries from forty nations. 
 How far the Olympic Idea may go is not yet determined. Its 
 definition for present uses is sufficiently fixed on the lines of 
 its first appearance : first, to create and strengthen bonds of 
 friendship, such as ought to exist among all civilized nations, 
 by frequent, peaceful intercourse; secondly, to purify sport, 
 abolish selfish and underhand methods in the struggle for ath- 
 letic supremacy, secure fair play for all, even the weakest, and, 
 as far as possible, make the contest and not the victory the joy 
 of the young. Incidentally the Olympic Idea in this form is 
 steadily and beneficently permeating the physical training of 
 most nations to-day. That is an enormous gain ; but there is 
 more to be hoped for. To realize these hopes, athletic, habits^ 
 must be common to all. Thus far, whichever nationhas beefT^ 
 our host for the four-year period has naturally exercised a high 
 measure of control in preparing the programme, fixing the rules, 
 and selecting the judges. The system has worked fairly well, 
 and it would be rather Utopian to suppose that a people taxing 
 itself to the extent of half a million dollars for building a 
 stadium, creating an administration, entertaining its guests, and 
 for all incidentals besides, should forego any advantage for its 
 own contestants by the complete surrender of itself and its ath- 
 letic ways into the hands of such an international body as has 
 been described. Yet such a surrender to a competent athletic 
 senate would be a superb tribute on the altar of international 
 friendship, and there is a way to secure it, a method already 
 suggested earlier in this article, a plan still inchoate, but in 
 process of careful study; namely, the summoning of a repre- 
 sentative, federal, athletic congress of all nations, composed of 
 delegates formally elected by the different national federations 
 of sports, and granted full power to legislate. 
 
 It would be the duty of this congress, probably meeting at 
 long intervals, first, to fix a type programme; secondly, to 
 promulgate rules; and thirdly, to create a body of impartial, 
 international judges and juries, possibly even a final court of 
 

 
 JULIAN W. CUBTISS, 
 Treasurer American Finance Committee, Olympic Games, 1912. 
 
SPALDINQ'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 21 
 
 appeal for the adjustment of unforeseen difficulties a body 
 which would be continuous and easily summoned at short notice. 
 It is almost certain that such a congress will meet in Paris dur- 
 ing 1914. All depends on how widely it is <tajkcd. Its success 
 would mean the fixing of the Olympic Idea anBts perpetuation. 
 All nations proposing to hold the Olympic Games would thus 
 be cognizant of the conditions beforehand, and' graceful acquies- 
 cence in them would be as far-reaching an influence as that of 
 The Hague Tribunal, and an example of priceless value to the 
 rising generations. 
 
 Another extension of the Olympic Idea is already in progress ; 
 that is the inclusion of other sports in the period of the Olym-; 
 piad. The Stockholm programme included tennis, horsemanship, 
 yachting, cycling, shooting, swimming, gymnastics, and a modern 
 pentathlon, to test the ability of those who do several things 
 well, and are not expert in one to the exclusion of every- 
 thing else. 
 
 In ancient Greece there was only one Olympia to which at 
 first all the little nationalities, and eventually the greater ones, 
 repaired without question, and during the contests there was a 
 general truce in order that all might be safe in their going and 
 coming. The modern Olympiads so far have been favored by 
 peace, but should there be war between the nations, the idea of 
 rotating in meeting-places would have of necessity to be aban- 
 doned, at least temporarily. What then? The struggle for bal- 
 ance of power between the free and the slave State systems of 
 America, between the Northern and Southern countries of 
 Europe, has wrought havoc in the past by setting one nation 
 against another, fanning ambition into selfish rivalry and rivalry 
 into bloodshed, conquest and expansion, the end of which has 
 been empire. But it has had one beneficent result the neutral- 
 izing of the small states of Europe states which are models to 
 the world in showing what peace and security can enable men 
 to accomplish for the general welfare. Of these states the most 
 central is Switzerland, which has been called the railway turn- 
 table of Europe. Wherever and whenever war-dogs may be 
 unchained, it is at peace. 
 
 Sentimentally, of course, Athens would be the natural refuge 
 for a peace movement based on international competition under 
 the Olympic Idea. Its superb stadium, restored by the generosity 
 of Averof, further emphasizes its fitness. The Greeks were so 
 impressed with this conviction that after the first successful 
 meeting they and their friends set on foot a movement to secure 
 all future Olympic meetings for their city. Other nations, 
 through their representatives, protested, with the very sound 
 argument that general interest must be secured and intensified 
 
EVERETT C. BROWN, 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Member Executive Committee 
 
 American Olympic Committee and 
 
 Chairman Western Finance Committee. 
 
 COL. GEORGE B. BILLINGS, 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Member American Olympic 
 Committee. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 23 
 
 by a long period of rotation. Then was evolved the plan of 
 interim meetings, alternating every two years with the others. 
 But a single trial sufficed to show plainly that there could be 
 only one series of Olympiads, and the interim meetings were 
 abandoned. 
 
 Athens is as remote from European centers as America, and, 
 notwithstanding the luxuries of ocean greyhounds, ten days of 
 travel is still a troublesome barrier. Perhaps in the future the 
 main Olympia will be in Switzerland, with a subsidiary one in 
 America. Of course these are only visions. Meanwhile other 
 visions have become realities, and these realities have brought 
 about other international contests for which the name Olympic 
 is earnestly desired. This cannot be fairly or honestly granted, 
 although to all such contests the International Committee is 
 friendly. It has pledged it hearty co-operation with the Panama 
 games at San Francisco in 1915, and has offered an Olympic 
 medal for excellence in the modern pentathlon. But one must 
 protest and cry aloud, appealing to the general sense of fair- 
 ness, against calling even such an important international con- 
 test "Olympic." That designation should be reserved primarily 
 for the quadrennial contests of athletes, but likewise for those 
 contests of other generous rivals in sport and the arts which 
 occur in rotation at the great capitals of the world under the 
 auspices not of one nation, but of all. 
 
 The record of American athletics at the six Olympiads is 
 brilliant in two ways : first, that interested friends have been so 
 liberal in raising funds sufficient to send on long journeys the 
 many selected to represent the country, and, second, in the suc- 
 cess of the contestants. Our victors have taken as many first 
 prizes, twice over, as those of all other lands combined ; and of 
 five Marathon races they have won two. It has been largely 
 due to American enthusiasm and interest that other lands have 
 come to exhibit the same qualities. Four of the original foun- 
 ders remain at their posts beside the president and the writer: 
 Colonel Balck of Sweden, M. Collot of France, and the famous 
 Bohemian novelist, Dr. Jiri Guth. These, with many who are 
 dead, and more who are still alive, have maintained the cause 
 against many discouragements, until now it is triumphant. But 
 the lifelong devotion of M. de Coubertin, his tact, his ingenuity, 
 his self-sacrifice in time and money, in short, the qualities of 
 faith and merit, have been the chief reason for the solid estab- 
 lishment of the enterprise. 
 
Appo 
 Sto 
 
 J. E. SULLIVAN, 
 
 inted by President Taft American Commissioner to the Olympic Games at 
 
 tockholm, 1912 ; appointed by President Roosevelt American Commissioner 
 
 to the Olympic Games at London, 1908 ; appointed by President Roosevelt 
 
 American Commissioner to the Olympic Games at Athens, 1906: 
 
 Director and Manager Olympic Games, St. Louis. 1904; 
 
 Assistant Director Olympic Games, Paris, 1900. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 25 
 
 THE WORK OF THE INTERNATIONAL 
 OLYMPIC COMMITTEE 
 
 BY BARON PIERRE DE COUBERTIN. 
 
 At my request and in agreement with the plan I had placed 
 before the International Congress, which was assembled at the 
 Palais de la Sorbonne in Paris, it was determined on the twenty- 
 third of June, 1894, to revive the Olympic Games, and resolved 
 that they should be held every fourth year in one or other of 
 the great capitals of the world. In order to superintend and 
 develop the duties of the institution a permanent International 
 Olympic Committee was appointed, with power to fill any vacan- 
 cies that might arise in the course of time, so as thereby to be 
 independent of organizations already existing, and their rivalry. 
 This was in pursuance of endeavors long thought of and long 
 prepared. I have elsewhere explained the reasons why I con- 
 sidered such a revival of the Olympic Games, in a modern form, 
 to be of advantage for athletics too many injurious and unprin- 
 cipled elements threatened to annihilate true sportsmanship; the 
 Olympic Games were the necessary remedy. 
 
 The International Olympic Committee has not betrayed the 
 great task with which it was entrusted. Every year has given it 
 increased reputation and increased strength, and by its efforts 
 there have been celebrated the five first Olympiads (Athens, 
 1896; Paris, 1900; St. Louis, 1904; London, 1908; Stockholm, 
 1912), under conditions which have often been difficult, but 
 which have been overcome in a most brilliant manner. It has 
 met every year in different countries, under the patronage of 
 the rulers of those lands, and has been received in a most flat- 
 tering way by the authorities. It has been an element of peace 
 and union for rival associations which were very often hostile to 
 each other. 
 
 The Committee has at present forty-five members belonging 
 to thirty-one different countries. Five of the founders still 
 remain at their post; besides myself these are Professor W. M. 
 Sloane (United States of America), Colonel V. G. Balck (Swe- 
 den), E. Callot (France), and Dr. Jiri Guth (Bohemia). 
 Amongst those whom death has taken, General von der Asseburg 
 (Germany) and Sir Howard Vincent (England) live in immor- 
 tal memory. I salute them when I call to mind these names 
 which are so dear to us. 
 
 As was said above, the International Olympic Committee is a 
 permanent one and renews itself in such a way that there is at 
 least one member, sometimes even three or four, for every 
 land that is represented. The number of the countries that can 
 
WM. F. GARCELON, THOMAS RILEY, 
 
 Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. 
 
 Member American Olympic Member American Olympic 
 
 Committee. Committee. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 27 
 
 be represented is unrestricted. The members are regarded as 
 the delegates of the International Olympic Committee to the 
 sporting and athletic associations in the respective countries. 
 They are not allowed to be entrusted by these associations with 
 any commission calculated to bind them more than as individual 
 members of the Committee or that can influence their independ- 
 ence in voting. They are chosen for an unlimited period. 
 
 The task of the International Olympic Committee is not only 
 to secure the regular celebration of the Games, but also to 
 form plans, or to organize all the measures, which may serve to 
 increase the reputation of athletics and to lead them along the 
 desired paths. With this purpose in mind congresses have been 
 held at Havre (1897), Brussels (1905), Paris (1906). The Con- 
 gress at Havre, at which the President of the French Republic 
 was present, discussed questions concerning hygiene, morals and 
 athletic pedagogics. The Congress at Brussels, which was held 
 under the patronage of King Leopold II, treated the question of 
 athletic technics. The Congress of 1906 renewed the bonds exist- 
 ing between art, literature and sport. On this occasion the 
 important resolution was passed that to every future programme 
 of the Olympic Games there should be added five competitions, 
 viz., in architecture, painting, music, sculpture and literature. 
 These competitions are open to works that have not previously 
 been made public and which have been directly inspired by 
 sports. In 1911 the International Olympic Committee discussed 
 the plan of a "Modern Olympiad" and for this purpose has 
 arranged a competition in which the architects Messrs. Monod 
 and Layerriere of Lausanne were the victors. 
 
 It is in Lausanne, too, that a new congress is to be held in 
 1913; on this occasion it will be scientific in character and will 
 be devoted to the study of questions in the domains of physi- 
 ology and athletic psychology. Finally, the International Olym- 
 pic Committee has determined to celebrate the twenty years' 
 anniversary of the revival of the Olympic Games by a congress 
 in Paris in 1914, to which delegates from all the national Olym- 
 pic Committees will be called for the purpose of drawing up 
 fixed and definite rules for the celebration of the Olympiads. 
 This grand memorial celebration will precede the holding of the 
 sixth Olympiad, and will be a worthy completion of the immense 
 work which the International Olympic Committee has performed 
 since its institution in 1894. 
 
 As the author of the revival of the Olympic Games and as 
 the president of the International Olympic Committee, it is my 
 privilege to here express to my colleagues the deep feelings of 
 gratitude which I entertain for their valuable, faithful and 
 untiring assistance. It is our friendship and our unity that have 
 given us strength. 
 
FREDERICK J. V. SKIFF, 
 
 Director Panama Exhibition, San Francisco, 1915. Through Mr. Skiff's efforts as 
 
 Director of the World's Fair, St. Louis, 1904, the Olympic Games 
 
 of 1904 were secured for St. Louis, the only time the 
 
 event has been held in America. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC MBRARY. 
 
 29 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF THE AMERICAN 
 COMMITTEE 
 
 Acting on the request of the Swedish Olympic Committee to 
 create an American Olympic Committee for the Fifth Olympiad, 
 Prof. William M. Sloane appointed Mr. James E. Sullivan of 
 New York, secretary of the American Olympic Committee and 
 immediately conferred with him relative to the appointment of 
 a committee that would arouse interest throughout the entire 
 United States in the Fifth Olympiad. As a result of this con- 
 ference the following were chosen : 
 
 HON. PRESIDENT, 
 Hon. William H. Taft, Washington. 
 
 PRESIDENT, 
 
 Robert M. Thompson, New York. 
 
 TREASURER, 
 Julian W. Curtiss, New York. 
 
 SECRETARY, 
 James E. Sullivan, New York. 
 
 VICE-PRESIDENTS 
 
 August Belmont, New York. 
 Everett C. Brown, Chicago, 111. 
 Andrew Carnegie, New York. 
 Hon. Victor J. Dpwling, New York. 
 J. J. A. Ehrensviird, Washington, 
 
 D. C. 
 
 .George J. Gould, New York. 
 *S. R. Guggenheim, New York. 
 Gustavus T. Kirby, New York. 
 Harold F. McCormick, Chicago, 111. 
 
 A. G. Mills, New York. 
 J. Pierpont Morgan, New York. 
 F. J. V. Skiff, Chicago, III. 
 J. W. Spalding, New York. 
 Rodman Wanamaker, New York. 
 Bartow S. Weeks, New York. 
 Gen. Geo. W. Wingate, New York. 
 Hon. Egerton L. Winthrop, Jr., 
 New York. 
 
 MEMBERS AMERICAN OLYMPIC COMMITTEE. 
 
 W. Rufus Abbott, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Dr. Frank Angell, Stanford Univ., 
 
 Cal. 
 
 G. W. Axelson, Chicago, 111. 
 Edward E. Babb, Boston, Mass. 
 Dr. J. A. Babbitt, Haverford, Pa. 
 Hugh H. Baxter, New York. 
 Romeyn Berry, New York. 
 George B. Billings, Boston, Mass. 
 C. W. Billings, New York. 
 George W. Braden, Los Angeles. 
 Everett C. Brown, Chicago, 111. 
 Walter Camp, New Haven, Conn. 
 Charles H. Carter, Boston, Mass. 
 P. J. Conway, New York. 
 Julian W. Curtiss, New York. 
 A. H. Curtis, New York. 
 W. W. Damon, New York. 
 
 Paul J. Dashiel, Annapolis, Md. 
 Charles A. Dean, Chicago, 111. 
 L. DiBenedetto, New Orleans, La. 
 Maj. John J. Dixon, Brooklyn, N.Y. 
 Robert W. Dodd, San Francisco,Cal. 
 Hon. Victor J. Dowling, New York. 
 W. L. Dudley, Nashville, Tenn. 
 T. Morris Dunne, Portland, Ore. 
 Frank B. Ellis, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 John Elliott, San Francisco, Cal. 
 J. Frank Facey, Cambridge, Mass. 
 Terence Farley, New York. 
 Harry W. Fitzpatrick, New Orleans. 
 J. B. Franklin, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 W. F. Garcelon, Cambridge, Mass. 
 Thornton Gerrish, New York. 
 H. L. Geyelin, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 A. S. Goldsmith, Seattle, Wash. 
 
FREDERICK W. RUBIEN, 
 
 Member American Olympic Committee; Chairman Plan and Scope Committee on 
 Welcome to Returning Olympic Athletes, at New York. Auerust 24. 1912. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARt. 
 
 31 
 
 S. R. Guggenheim, New York. 
 
 Dr. Luther H. Gulick, New York. 
 
 Dr. Walter B. Gunnison, Brooklyn. 
 
 K. K. Hall, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Lee F. Hanmer, New York. 
 
 E. T. Hart, New York. 
 
 Dr. George K. Herman, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Evans Holbrook, Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 
 H. R. Holmes, Denver, Colo. 
 
 Dr. B. Merrill Hopkinson, Balti- 
 more, Md. 
 
 Charles C. Hughes, New York. 
 
 W. F. Humphries, San Francisco. 
 
 Maj. W. M. Inglis, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Darwin R. James, Jr., Brooklyn. 
 
 W. C. Johnston, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 R. F. Kelsey, New York. 
 
 Gustavus T. Kirby, New York. 
 
 W. A. Lambeth, Charlottesville, Va. 
 
 H. H. Latham, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Walter H. Liginger, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 A. J. Lill, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Hon. Joseph B. Maccabe, Boston. 
 
 J. T. Mahoney, New York. 
 
 Dr. J. H. McCurdy, Springfield. 
 Mass. 
 
 H. W. McDavitt, New York. 
 
 Charles J. McDermott, New York. 
 
 R. Tait McKenzie, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Gustave Moe, New York. 
 
 George B. Morison, Boston, Mass. 
 
 W. P. Murray, Cleveland, O. 
 
 W. Scott O'Connor, New York. 
 
 John J. O'Connor, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Prof. E. O'Neill, Berkeley, Cal. 
 
 W. Osterburg, New York. 
 
 Charles A. Painter, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Capt. Palmer E. Pierce, Kansas. 
 
 George F. Pawling, Philadelphia. 
 Henry G. Penniman, Baltimore, Md. 
 Sidney S. Peixotto, San Francisco. 
 Prof. W. L. Phelps, New Haven. 
 James R. Pilkington, New York. 
 George D. Pratt, New York. 
 W. Roper, Princeton, N. J. 
 Edward C. Racey, Chicago, 111. 
 William T. Reid, Jr., Belmont, Cal. 
 Thomas F. Riley, Cambridge, Mass. 
 Frederick W. Rubien, New York. 
 Robert Connell Sands, New York. 
 C. W. Savage, Oberlin, Ohio. 
 Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, New York. 
 George A. Schneider, Cleveland, O. 
 
 A. L. Shapleigh, St. Louis, Mo. 
 F. J. V. Skiff, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Hon. Arthur S. Somers, Brooklyn. 
 J. Walter Spalding, New York. 
 Alonzo A. Stagg, Chicago, 111. 
 Nathan P. Stauffer, Philadelphia. 
 Lieut. J. W. Stillwell, West Point. 
 C. B. Stuht, Spokane, Wash. 
 
 B. P .Sullivan, New Orleans, La. 
 Col. Robert M. Thompson, N. Y. 
 Col. N. B. Thurston, New York. 
 F. Vonnegut, Indianapolis, Ind. 
 P. T. Walsh, New York. 
 Rodman Wanamaker, New York. 
 Bartow S. Weeks, New York. 
 Evert Jansen Wendell, New York, 
 Carleton White, Chicago. 111. 
 
 H. L. Williams, Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Francis M. Wilson, New York. 
 Gen. Geo. W. Wingate, New York. 
 M. F. Winston, Lynn, Mass. 
 Egerton L. Winthrop, Jr., N. Y. 
 Norman L. Wymard, Washington. 
 
 The following Executive Committee was appointed : 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 
 
 Frederic B. Pratt, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 William M. Sloane, New York. 
 James E. Sullivan, New York. 
 Robert M. Thompson, New York. 
 Bartow S. Weeks, New York. 
 Evert Jansen Wendell, New York. 
 
 Allison V. Armour, Chicago, 111. 
 Edward E. Babb, Boston, Mass. . 
 Everett C. Brown, Chicago, 111. 
 Julian W. Curtiss, New York. 
 Dr. Luther H. Gulick, New York. 
 Gustavus T. Kirby, New York. 
 Joseph B. Maccabe, Boston, Mass. 
 
 On Thursday evening, December 7, 1911, a meeting of the 
 Executive Committee was held at the New York Athletic Club, 
 and among the matters taken up were the appointments of a 
 Team Selection committee and a manager and a trainer for the 
 team. Mr. Matthew P. Halpin, of New York, was unanimously 
 selected as manager, and Mr. Michael C. Murphy, of Philadel- 
 phia, as trainer. The following Team Selection committee was 
 appointed : 
 
EDWARD E. BABB, 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Ex-President Amateur Athletic Union. 
 Member American Olympic Committee. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 33 
 
 TEAM SELECTION COMMITTEE. 
 
 Dr. Frank Angell, Leland Stanford. W. F. Humphries, San Francisco. 
 
 Colonel H. T. Allen. W. C. Johnston, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Allison V. Armour, Chicago, 111. Lieut. Albert S. Jones. 
 
 Edward E. Babb, Boston, Mass. R. F. Kelsey, New York. 
 
 Lieut.-General John C. Bates. Gustavus T. Kirby, New York. 
 
 Romeyn Berry, New York. Lieut.-Commander Harris Laning. 
 
 G. W. Billings, New York. Joseph B. Maccabe, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Theodore Bland, St. Louis, Mo. W. P. Murray, Cleveland, O. 
 
 Everett C. Brown, Chicago, 111. Prof. E. O'Neill, Berkeley, Cal. 
 
 P. J. Conway, New York. C. A. Painter, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Julian W. Curtiss, New York. George F. Pawling, Philadelphia. 
 
 L. DiBenedetto, New Orleans, La. James R. Pilkington. 
 
 A. F. Dugosh, San Antonio, Tex. Frederic B. Pratt, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 T. Morris Dunne, Portland, Ore. E. C. Racey, Chicago, 111. 
 
 John J. Elliott, San Francisco, Cal. Thomas F. Riley, Boston, Mass. 
 
 J. B. Franklin, Los Angeles, Cal. F. W. Rubien, New York. 
 
 Thornton Gerrish, New York. Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, New York. 
 
 H. L. Geyelin, Philadelphia, Pa. William M. Sloane, New York. 
 
 A. S. Goldsmith, Seattle, Wash. A. A. Stagg, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Dr. Luther H. Gulick, New York. James E. Sullivan, Chairman, New 
 E. K. Hall, Boston, Mass. York. 
 
 Dr. Graeme Hammond, New York. Lieut.-Colonel N. B. Thurston. 
 
 Dr. B. Merrill Hopkinson, Balti- Bartow S. Weeks, New York, 
 
 more, Md. Evert Jansen Wendell, New York. 
 
 Following this, frequent meetings of the Executive Committee 
 were held, at which the question of transportation was thor- 
 oughly discussed, and Col. Robert M. Thompson, Mr. Bart&w S. 
 Weeks, Mr. Allison V. Armour and Mr. G. T. Kirby, President of 
 the Amateur Athletic Union, were appointed a committee of four 
 to report on a proposition submitted relative to the chartering of the 
 steamship "Oceanic," and on the question of transportation. The 
 committee reported unfavorably on the proposal to charter the 
 "Oceanic," but suggested that the "Finland" of the Red Star 
 Line would make an ideal boat for the purpose. After several 
 conferences with the steamship agents the "Finland" was char- 
 tered by the American Olympic Committee and reservations 
 placed on sale, after a sufficient and suitable space had been set 
 aside for the team the Committee proposed to send. 
 
 Responding to the. urging of Treasurer Julian W. Curtiss, the 
 chairmen of the various local finance committees made great efforts 
 to collect a sufficient amount of money to enable the Committee to 
 meet its obligation to the Red Star Line and to carry out its 
 plan of taking to Stockholm every athlete capable of scoring 
 points for the United States. The Finance Committees of Bos- 
 ton, Chicago and San Francisco were especially fortunate in 
 receiving subscriptions, the San Francisco Examiner holding an 
 athletic meeting, the proceeds of which were turned over to the 
 Olympic Fund. A trip ma'de by Mr. Gustavus T. Kirby, member 
 of the Executive Committee and President of the-Amateur Ath- 
 letic Union, was instrumental in arousing increased interest 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 Kristian Hellstrom, General Secretary of the Swedish Olympic Committee, to 
 -whom a great deal of the success of the Olympic Games of 1912 is due. 
 
SPALDING*6 ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 35 
 
 throughout the West and Middle West and the effect was felt in 
 the number of contributions. 
 
 The question of selecting a suitable date for the Eastern try- 
 out meeting was one that greatly worried the Committee. Entries 
 closed with the Swedish Olympic Committee on June 13, 1912. 
 Owing to the inclement weather in the East it was impossible to 
 hold try-outs on a date early enough to enable the American 
 Committee to select the team and forward the entries to Stock- 
 holm before the designated date. At the meeting of the Inter- 
 national Olympic Committee at Budapest, however, the. matter 
 was presented to the Swedish Olympic Committee by Prof. 
 William M. Sloane and Mr. Allison V. Armour, the American 
 members of the International Olympic Committee, and the 
 Swedish Olympic Committee kindly consented to permit the 
 American Committee to make as many entries as they desired 
 prior to the date of closing entries, those not selected being can- 
 celled by cable before June 13. 
 
 The Harvard Stadium was secured as the place to hold the 
 Eastern try-outs, and June 8, the earliest available date, was set 
 for the meeting. The Western try-outs were held on Marshall 
 Field, Chicago, on the same day, and the Far West try-outs at 
 Leland Stanford University on May 18. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 THE STEAMSHIP FINLAND TRIP 
 
 The departure of the S. S. Finland of the Red Star Line, char- 
 tered by the American Olympic Committee to take the American 
 Olympic athletes direct to Stockholm, from the port of New 
 York, on Friday, June 14, was an innovation in the history of 
 American athletics. It was the first instance of an ocean-going 
 vessel being secured to take exclusively a representative team ot 
 athletes to uphold the prestige of America. The departure of 
 the Finland, with the greatest team ever selected to represent any 
 one country in an athletic event, has been described elsewhere. 
 In all 274 passengers were on board, 164 of them being mem- 
 bers of the American Olympic competition. 
 
 Arrangements were made prior to departure looking to the 
 diet and means of keeping the athletes in condition. As the 
 trip was necessarily a long one, promiscuous indulgence in the 
 great variety of food that .comprised the ship's menu would serve 
 to possibly incapacitate some of the athletes. Consequently the 
 dining rooms were divided, the athletes having their own cuisine, 
 every one of course being first class. Owing to the fact that 
 the American Committee practically owned the boat there was 
 no second or third class and no discrimination was made what- 
 ever. 
 
 It is doubtful if there ever was an athletic invasion to com- 
 pare with that made by the American Olympic team of 1912. 
 Provisions were made by the American Committee so that the 
 athletes could enjoy some of the advantages of a modern gym- 
 nasium on board the Finland. A cork track, 100 yards long 
 and wide enough for two men to run abreast, was constructed 
 on the upper deck especially for the sprinters, which the dis- 
 tance -men also found useful. Mr. Michael C. Murphy, the ath- 
 letic trainer of the team, cautioned the men before the steamer 
 reached the ocean swells, on the necessity of being very careful 
 to avoid getting leg-sore from the bounding of the boat. The 
 advice bore good fruit, for outside of slight soreness in the 
 shins and muscles, nothing seriou ( s whatever happened to the 
 men on the trip. It was particularly noticeable that all the ath- 
 letes appreciated the importance of their journey and took the 
 best of care of themselves, thus helping the trainer secure the 
 best possible results. 
 
 After the first day out Trainer Murphy and Manager Halpin 
 prepared a schedule, dividing the men into groups, each with a 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 39 
 
 leader, according to the events in which they were to compete, 
 and they were told just how and when to work. The men 
 reported on deck daily at 10 130 in the morning and at 3 :oo in the 
 afternoon and faithfully kept the schedule. It was a sight long 
 to be remembered. Nearly all the runners and jumpers did a 
 little sprintinsr and practiced starts and the distance men circled 
 the deck, which was about a tenth of a mile in circumference. 
 Each group started off by itself with a leader, and all the men 
 took to their work and stuck to it religiously. The Marathon 
 men would start running with the milers and distance men and 
 would keep it up until long after all the other athletes had re- 
 tired. While the runners were doing their work the jumpers 
 would get out their implements on another section of the deck 
 and practice jumping, skip the rope and throw the medicine 
 ball. Outside of putting the shot and passing the medicine ball 
 around the weight men naturally found the greatest trouble 
 in practicing their specialties, owing to the limited working 
 room. Walking was indulged in to some extent, but it must 
 be confessed the big fellows were not over anxious for work. 
 They sat around and enjoyed themselves and relied on their 
 natural ability. The discus champion, James Duncan, was one 
 of the first to be affected by the ocean roll, and for some days 
 suffered from mal-de-mer. When he finally began to regain 
 his accustomed health an ingenious idea occurred to him by 
 which he hoped to get some practice. He brought out his discus 
 and had the ship's carpenter bore a hole in it, through which 
 he ran a rope, the other end of which was tied to the deck rail- 
 ing, and proceeded to heave the implement out into the ocean 
 and haul it back by the rope. This was continued for two days, 
 after which he was advised to stop, as it would make him slow 
 and one-sided. He thereafter confined his efforts to throwing 
 the medicine ball and indulging in the numerous deck games. 
 
 Deck shufifleboard, quoits, and other forms of shipboard amuse- 
 ment formed the means of passing many hours, not occupied in 
 training. Mr. Arthur McAleenan of the New York Athletic 
 Club put up several prizes, which brought out many entries, and 
 the games were closely contested. It gave the boys something to 
 do to pass the time away and they all enjoyed it. 
 
 The swimmers were under the direct charge of Mr. Otto 
 Wahle of the New York Athletic Club, who was appointed by 
 the American Committee to look after them, and he performed 
 his work well. The swimmers practiced in a canvas tank about 
 fifteen feet in length and five in width, which was filled daily. 
 A belt, suspended from a rope, was placed around the swimmer's 
 waist which held him in the center of the tank and he then went 
 through all the motions of swimming. This was not only quite a 
 
SPALDING^S- ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 41 
 
 novelty for the travelers, but also an unusual objeet lesson, as 
 they had the good fortune to see the world's greatest swimmers 
 at close range and study the individual strokes of each. 
 
 On the after deck of the boat was built an imaginary tennis 
 court. It consisted of a backstop, about ten feet in height, with 
 a black line extending across about the 'height of a tennis net, 
 and for hours and hours each day Mr; Theodore Roosevelt Pell 
 would take the deck and persistently practice such strokes as 
 were possible., -In this way he kept himself in pretty fair condi- 
 tion. 
 
 The rifle men did their practice on the upper deck, usually 
 early in the morning, under the watchful eye of Lieutenant A. S. 
 Jones, Lieutenant-Colonel Libbey and Lieutenant-Colonel Foltz. 
 
 Dr. R. H. Sayre, in charge of the small arms contestants, had a 
 revolver gallery erected at the stern. Shooting with duelling 
 pistols, the same as was used in Stockholm, at a man target, was 
 practiced twice a day, two hours in the morning and two in 
 the afternoon, the distance being twenty-two yards instead of 
 the regulation thirty. The revolver team did not practice the 
 deliberate fire or fifty meters shooting at the bullseye target, 
 on account of the motion of the vessel, as it was thought that 
 the other practice would be more beneficial. The scores of the 
 shooters showed a progressive increase day by day. 
 
 Manager W. C. Stroud of the bicycle team had his men work 
 on the forward deck. Each member of the team was provided 
 with a bicycle securely lashed to the structure of the vessel. Tt 
 was a pretty sight to see these nine men at their work. 
 
 The one wrestler on the team had his branch of the sport all 
 to himself and had a hard time getting someone to work out with 
 him. "Bill" Hayward, a well known Western trainer, was on 
 board. Mr. Hayward cheerfully consented to give the young- 
 ster some work, and he succeeded admirably. 
 
 Certainly the fencing team, under the direction of Dr. Graeme 
 H. Hammond and Prof. Dungey, put in their full amount of 
 practice during the voyage. There were no laggards and all 
 worked on deck morning and afternoon, in order to get as much 
 practice as possible before they met the foreign experts. All ad- 
 mitted that the fencers had the hardest proposition before them 
 than any of the other groups. It was something new to have a 
 team from America compete against the experts of the world in 
 this branch of sport. If the deck was being used by the track 
 athletes, the fencers would do their work in the dining saloon or 
 other available rooms. Nothing would interfere with their daily 
 practice. 
 
 The life aboard the Finland was very similar to that one will 
 see daily at the training quarters of the prominent clubs or col- 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 43 
 
 leges. The boys were prohibited from sitting in the smoking j. 
 room during the day and eating between meals was also under ! 
 the ban. One prominent newspaper correspondent aboard said 
 he felt that it was a great opportunity to be able to be aboard a 
 ship with such a group, and added that it was too bad that some 
 of the large educational societies did not make arrangements 
 to have representatives accompany the Olympic team in order 
 to observe the gentlemanly conduct of the contestants and the 
 methods followed to keep in good condition. It was an example 
 worth holding up to the youth of our land. Work it was work, 
 day in and day out. Some of the men began to think they were 
 being worked too much, but Trainer Murphy knew best. 
 Undoubtedly there was never a finer lot of young gentlemen 
 gathered together before for athletic purposes. 
 
 Ten days passed and at last the boys were able to do some 
 outdoor track work on terra firma. As previously stated, some 
 of them were affected by the bounding of the vessel and it was a ; 
 great relief when they found that they could work out on land . 
 for a couple of days. As soon as Antwerp was reached, where 
 a stop was scheduled en route to Stockholm, Manager Halpin 
 and his assistant, Paul Pilgrim, of the New York Athletic Club, 
 who was one of the stars at Athens in 1906, got in touch with 
 the athletic authorities of that city and through the kindness of 
 Mr. Paul Havenith, President of the Beershot Athletic Club, the 
 American team was permitted to use the grounds of that club 
 during their stay in Antwerp. 
 
 The first day on European soil turned out to be very dis- 
 agreeable. All the men went to the field and just as they 
 started to work out it started to rain. The Belgians told them 
 not to mind the rain, that it would be all over in a few minutes. 
 However, on that particular day it did not let up, but that did , 
 not stop anyone. All were too eager to find out what Neptune - 
 had left them. It was remarkable to see how they would pick 
 out spots on which they could do a little fast work. The weight 
 men and pole vaulters all found spots here and there which 
 enabled them to get some good outdoor exercise. 
 
 The boys were not allowed to extend" themselves the first day 
 and no time was taken of the different runs nor were the field 
 events measured, but all were in fine spirits and each time a 1 
 good throw was made with the hammer or discus a new Belgian 
 record was instantly claimed and allowed by themselves., On 
 the second day many of the men .worked twice ; in fact, the 
 majority of the men donned their athletic costumes both morn- 
 ing and afternoon it was a continuous performance at the 
 Beershot A. C. grounds, much to the edification of the Belgian 
 athletes. Trainer Murphy and Manager Halpin went out to the 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 grounds each morning and stayed all day, watching that some 
 of the newer men did not overdo it and noting the style and 
 methods of those unfamiliar to them, whose prowess previous 
 to the try-outs had never been revealed. Practice was kept up 
 almost to the moment that the Finland resumed the voyage, the 
 boys being ordered out on the third day the day of sailing. 
 Promptly at noon on Wednesday, June 26, the band started to 
 play and with all the passengers and members of the team again 
 on board, to the cheers and good wishes of their Belgian hosts, 
 the Finland sailed for Stockholm, the Mecca of the athletic 
 world in 1912. 
 
 In looking over the following list of passengers who enjoyed 
 the Finland's glorious trip to the city of the Fifth Olympiad one 
 quickly notices the names of many men who have been famous 
 in the annals of American athletics, "old-timers" now, but who 
 acted and were as enthusiastic as the youngest Olympic com- 
 petitor aboard. It would be invidious to select any single names 
 from amongst such a roster of those that have ever been in the 
 vanguard of America's athletic advance; their names and rec- 
 ords are known wherever athletics are practiced. Had there 
 been some historian of the rise and progress of athletics in 
 America on the vessel, he would have had the opportunity 
 which may never again occur of securing from these men 
 authentic, first-hand data of the old days of athletics unique 
 memories and stories from the lips of the actors themselves. Let 
 us hope that some of. these, at least, may be preserved. The 
 ladies also were not unrepresented, as a fair proportion were on 
 board, ready to cheer for our victorious athletes in the Stock- 
 holm stadium. Below, is a complete list of those who made 
 this never-to-be-forgotten voyage on the good ship Finland r 
 
 LIST OF PASSENGERS. 
 
 Mr. Benj. W. Adams 
 
 Sergt. H. L. Adams 
 
 Mr. Platt Adams 
 
 Mr. Francis P. Albertanti 
 
 Mr. Fred W. Allen 
 
 Capt. Edward L. Anderson 
 
 Mr. Lewis R. Anderson 
 
 Mr. Harry S. Babcock 
 
 Miss Baker 
 
 Ensign H. T. Bartlett ' 
 
 Mr. John Becht 
 
 Mr. Edw. I. Beeson 
 
 Mr. S. H. Bellah 
 
 Mr. F. V. Belote 
 
 Mr. Tel S. Berna 
 
 Mr. John A. Biller 
 
 Mr. Vaughn S. Blanchard 
 
 Mr. George V. Bohhag 
 
 Dr. F. N. Bonine 
 
 Mr. William L. Bowman 
 Mrs. Bowman 
 Mr. Eugene Boyd 
 Mr. Lawrence D. Bragg 
 Dr. Scott D. Breckinridge 
 Mr. George H. Breed 
 Mr. Edward T. Brennan 
 Mr. C. E. Brickley 
 Capt. Allan L. Briggs 
 Mrs. Allan L. Briggs 
 Mr. George V. Brown 
 Mr. Avery Brundage 
 Mrs. Brundage 
 Mr. H. E. Buermeyer 
 Mrs. Buermeyer 
 Capt. C. L. Burdette 
 Mr. Jervis W. Burdick 
 Mr. Edward R. Bushnell 
 Mr. R. L. Byrd 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 47 
 
 Mr. David S. Caldwell 
 
 Mr. John R. Case 
 
 Mr. Clarence C. Childs 
 
 Mr. George A. Chisholm 
 
 Mr. Carl C. Cooke 
 
 Mr. Alfred R. Conkling 
 
 Mr. J. Ira Courtney 
 r. Frank J. Coyle 
 Mr. Ralph C. Craig 
 
 M 
 
 Mr. Alfred H. Curtis 
 
 Mrs. Curtis 
 
 Miss Helen Curtis 
 
 Miss Maurine Curtis 
 
 Prof. J. L. Dungey 
 
 Mr. Ira N. Davenport 
 
 Mr. Martin A. Delaney 
 
 Mrs. Delaney 
 
 Mr. Clarence H. De Mar 
 
 Mr. John A. Dietz 
 
 Mr. P. J. Dolfen 
 
 Mr. J. J. Donahue 
 
 Mrs. Donahue 
 
 Mr. Howard P. Drew 
 
 Mr. Gordon B. Dukes 
 
 Mr. James H. Duncan 
 
 Mr. Martin T. Durkin 
 
 Mr. Clarence S. Edmundson 
 
 Mr. John J. Eller 
 
 Mr. Harold B. Enright 
 
 Mr. Egon R. Erickson 
 
 Mr. Joseph Erxleben 
 
 Mr. Eberhard Faber 
 
 Mrs. Faber 
 
 Mr. Terence Farley 
 
 Mrs. Farley 
 
 Mr. Edw. L. Farrell 
 
 Mr. Daniel J. Ferris 
 
 Mr. Edw. J. Fitzgerald 
 
 Mr. Forrest Fletcher 
 
 Mr. Joseph Forshaw, Jr. 
 
 Miss Lucille Forshaw 
 
 Lieut. Col. Fredk. S. Foltz 
 
 Mrs. Foltz 
 
 Mr. W. H. Fritz, Jr. 
 
 Mr. George W. Gaidzik 
 
 Mr. John J. Gallagher, Jr. 
 
 Miss Dorothy Garrison 
 
 Miss Eulalia Garrison 
 
 Mr. Thomas Gavin 
 
 Mr. P. C. Gerhardt 
 
 Dr. John Ernest Gignoux 
 
 Mr. Simon P. Gillis 
 
 Mr. Leo. Goehring 
 
 Mr. L. B. Goodwin 
 
 Lieut. E. F. Graham 
 
 Sterling E. Graham 
 
 Mr. Harry J. Grumpelt 
 
 Mr. Albert L. Gutterson 
 
 Mr. Sherman Hall 
 
 Mr. John J. Hallahan 
 
 Mr. Thomas J. Halpin 
 
 Mr. M. P. Haloin 
 
 Dr. Graeme H. Hammond 
 
 Mrs. Hammond 
 
 Miss Helen Hammond 
 
 Miss Martha M. Hanan , 
 
 Mr. Eugene Hart 
 
 Mr. Charles A. S. Hatfield 
 
 Mr. Martin N. Hawkins 
 
 Mr. William Hayward 
 
 Mr. H. J. Hehner 
 
 Mr. Harold W. Heiland 
 
 Mr. Harry H. Hellawell 
 
 Mr. Oscar F. Hedlund 
 
 Capt. Guy V. Henry 
 
 Mrs. Henry, Nurse and Infant 
 
 Mr. Donald Grant Herring 
 
 Mrs. Herring 
 
 Capt. Fred S. Hird 
 
 Mr. Harold B. Haff 
 
 Mr. Harland W. Hplden 
 
 Mr. George L. Horine 
 
 Mr. Kenneth Huszagh 
 
 Mr. Frank C. Irons 
 
 bergt. John E. Jackson 
 
 Mr. John O. Johnstone 
 
 Lieut. Albert S. Jones 
 
 Miss Jones 
 
 Mr. John Paul Jones 
 
 Duke Kahanamoku 
 
 Mr. Frederick H. Kaiser 
 
 Mr. Fred W. Kelly 
 
 Mr. James Kinlock 
 
 Mr. Abel R. Kiviat 
 
 Mr. Ernest Kockler 
 
 Mr. Joseph Kopsky 
 
 Mr. William J. Kramer 
 
 Mr. Paul Krimmel 
 
 Mr. Al. Kruschel 
 
 Mr. A. P. Lane 
 
 Lieut. Com. Harris Laning 
 
 Lieut. M. W. Larimer 
 
 Lieut. Ben Lear, Jr. 
 
 Mrs. Ben Lear 
 
 Sergt. William H. Leushner 
 
 Lieut. Col. William Libbey 
 
 Mr. Thomas H. Lilley 
 
 Mr. Edward F. Lindberg 
 
 Mr. Donald F. Lippincott 
 
 Mr. Alvin Loftes 
 
 Mr. Thomas Loughran 
 
 Mr. Arthur McAleenan 
 
 Mrs. McAleenan 
 
 Mr. Kenneth McAleenan 
 
 Mr. Henry McAleenan 
 
 Miss Rita McAleenan and Maid 
 
 Mr. Arthur McAleenan, Jr. 
 
 Mr. Walter McClure 
 
 Mr. Wallace M. McCurdy 
 
 Mr. M. McDermott 
 
 Dr. W. Neil McDonnell 
 
 Mr. Patrick McDonald 
 
 Mr. Perry McGillivray 
 
 iVir. Matthew J. McGrath 
 
48 
 
 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 SOLEMN OPENING OF OLYMPIC 
 
 The Athletes of All Nations Assembled in the Stadium, at Attention, 
 
 Mr. Duncan M. McLean 
 
 Mr. John A. McLoughlin 
 
 Mr. Louis C. Madeira, 3rd 
 
 Mr. H. F. Maguire 
 
 Mr. W. C. Martin 
 
 Mr. Frank Meissner 
 
 Mr. James A. Menaul 
 
 Mr. James E. Meredith 
 
 Mr. Eugene R. Mercer 
 
 Mr. Alvah T. Meyer 
 
 Mr. James S. Mitchel 
 
 Lieut. Jno. Carter Montgomery 
 
 Mrs. Montgomery 
 
 Miss Montgomery 
 
 Nurse and Infant 
 Mr. A. M. Mucks 
 Mr. Emil J. Muller 
 Mr. Frank D. Murphy 
 Mr. M. C. Murphy 
 Miss Murphy 
 Mr. James Nasson 
 Mrs. E. H. Nelson 
 Miss Nelson 
 Mr. Frank T. Nelson 
 Mr. Nicholas T. Nerich 
 Miss Katherine Newman 
 Mr. John P. Nicholson 
 Mr. Wesley M. Oler, Jr. 
 Lieut. C. T. Osburn 
 
 Mr. N. J; Patterson 
 
 Mr. George S. Patton 
 
 Mrs. Patton 
 
 Lieut. George S. Patton, Jr. 
 
 Mrs. George S. Patton, Jr. 
 
 Miss Patton 
 
 Mr. Theo. Roosevelt Pell 
 
 Mrs. Pell 
 
 Mr. Allan M. Penfield 
 
 Mr. George W. Philbrook 
 
 Mr. George L. Pierce 
 
 Mr. Richard F. Piggott 
 
 Mr. Jesse Pike 
 
 Mr. Paul H. Pilgrim 
 
 Mr. Albertson Van Zo Post 
 
 Mr. Edwin M. Pritchard 
 
 Mr. Herbert N. Putnam 
 
 Lieut. Harold M. Rayner 
 
 Mr. Charles D. Reidpath 
 
 Mr. Tames H. Reilly 
 
 Mr. E. Renz 
 
 Mr. G. W. Retzer 
 
 Mr. Howard G. Reynolds 
 
 Mr. John J. Reynolds 
 
 Mr. Charles W. Rice 
 
 Mr. Leslie B. Rich 
 
 Mr. Aimer W. Richards 
 
 Mr. Lawson Robertson 
 
 Mr. Hans Roedder 
 
Sl'ALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 49 
 
 3AMES. STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912 
 
 is His Majesty King Gustave V. Declared the Fifth Olympiad Opened 
 
 Mr. Ralph W. Rose 
 
 Mr. James M. Rosenberger 
 
 Mr. Thomas Russell 
 
 Mr. Michael J. Ryan 
 
 Miss Ruth Sands 
 
 Mr. Alfred Ernest Sauer 
 
 Dr. Reginald H. Sayre 
 
 Mr. H. B. Scharman 
 
 Mr. Carl Schutte 
 
 Mr. Samuel Schwartz 
 
 Mr. Henry Louis Scott 
 
 Dr. Henry E. Sears 
 
 Mr. Wm. Edward Seybel 
 
 Miss Mary Seybel 
 
 Mr. Melvin W. Sheppard 
 
 Mr. W. G. Shepherd 
 
 Mr. Andrew Sockalexis 
 
 Mr. A. N. Smith 
 
 Mr. Harry J. Smith 
 
 Dr. Raymond Spear 
 
 Mr. W. A. Sprout 
 
 Mr. D. M. Stern 
 
 Mr. Jerome Steinert 
 
 Mr. Gaston Strobino 
 
 Mr. W. C. Stroud 
 
 Mr. James E. Sullivan 
 
 Mr. Jphn J. Sweeney 
 
 Mr. Norman S. Taber 
 
 Mr. Louis Tewanima 
 
 Mr. Rupert B. Thomas 
 
 Col. Robert M. Thompson 
 
 Miss Ruth Thompson 
 
 Mr. James Thorpe 
 
 Mr. J. F. Turrill 
 
 Mr. James Twohig 
 
 Mr. H. V. Valentine 
 
 Mrs. Valentine 
 
 Mr. Alfred Voellmeke 
 
 Mr. Otto Wahle 
 
 Adm. Richard W. Wainwright 
 
 Mrs. Wainwright 
 
 Mr. Phil Ware 
 
 Mr. Charles Warke 
 
 Mr. Glenn S. Warner 
 
 Mr. James Wendell 
 
 Mrs. Eustace Wheeler 
 
 Mr. P. M. Whelan 
 
 Mr. Lawrence A. Whitney 
 
 Major Charles E. Whitney 
 
 Mr. Clement P. Wilson " 
 
 Miss Julia Wood 
 
 Mr.. George S. Woolley 
 
 Mr. Harry T. Worth ington 
 
 Mr. George Wright 
 
 Mr. Marc S. Wright 
 
 Mr. Garnett M. Wikofif 
 
 Mr. Donnell B. Young 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 51 
 
 If anything had happened to Trainer Murphy there was an 
 abundance of material in the way of professional trainers on 
 board, Lawson Robertson, of the Irish-American Athletic Club 
 of New York, being the most prominent. An old-time amateur 
 champion athlete himself and a member of two previous Ameri- 
 can Olympic teams, he has undoubtedly brought out more cham- 
 pions in his short career as a professional trainer than any other 
 trainer of the present day; "Bill" Hayward, famous on the 
 Pacific Coast; big, good-natured Glenn Warner, the Carlisle 
 Indian School coach, who accompanied Louis Tewanima and 
 Jim Thorpe; Martin Delaney of Chicago; James Kinlock of 
 South Paterson, N. J., and A. H. Smith of the University of 
 Maine, who was particularly anxious to watch over and look 
 out for the interests, of the young Indian, Sockalexis, and was 
 sent abroad especially for that object. 
 
 That the newspapers and news gathering agencies of the 
 United States appreciated the importance of the Olympic Games 
 and the interest displayed in the performances of the American 
 athletes will- be thoroughly understood from the representative 
 list of newspaper correspondents on board the Finland, some 
 of the best men in America at their specialty being assigned to 
 report the daily happenings, were to be found, among them 
 being James S. Mitchel, of the New York Herald, the dean of 
 the profession, also an ex-Olympian of the Athens trip, at one 
 time the world's greatest weight thrower, and a man who has 
 won more championships probably than any dozen men aboard ; 
 John Hallahan of the Boston Globe, ever popular; Reynolds of 
 the Boston Post ; Whelan, a free lance doing work for the New 
 York Sun; Brennan of the American Press Association; Howard 
 Valentine of the New York Globe; F. P. Albertanti ("Francis") 
 of the New York Evening Mail, a general favorite. Last, but not 
 least, was W. G. Shepherd of the United Press Association. Mr. 
 Shepherd has covered all sorts of important events, not only in 
 the United States but all over the world, and naturally his nar- 
 ratives of his experiences were many and fascinating. 
 
 Then there was the photographic staff. One would think it 
 was an expedition to the North Pole or that a world-deciding bat- 
 tle was to be fought, so many cameras were in commission. The 
 American Press Association, the International News Service and 
 the United Press Association were represented professionally, as 
 were several of the newspapers, besides which were the many 
 amateurs intent on getting pictorial reminiscences of this event- 
 ful trip. The American Sports Publishing Company had its 
 special photographer on board and many of the photographs 
 in this bgok are by him. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY.. 53 
 
 THE STADIUM 
 
 The Stadium is built of grey-violet Swedish brick and 
 undressed granite. The plan shows a typical amphitheater in the 
 form of a horseshoe magnet, only the arena being open to the 
 sky. The two arms of the building rest against the rocky slope 
 at the north, being there built into the hill by means of two 
 watch towers, behind which lie the administrative buildings on 
 the flanks of the sloping background. This slope is crowned by 
 an arcade which completes the frame of the arena and the 
 united buildings at the flanks. Under the amphitheater and along 
 the corridor there are arranged the royal foyer, all the dressing- 
 rooms, shower-baths, and toilet-rooms for the athletes, the 
 luncheon kitchen, the promenade arcades, etc. The seats in the 
 amphitheater can be reached only from the outer promenade by 
 means of twelve staircases each of which leads to the center of 
 a section of the amphitheater. Admission to the interior com- 
 peting fields is gained through four portals, one at the southern 
 end, distinguished by two octagonal entrance towers ; one in the 
 middle of the northern arcade, and one at each of the eastern 
 and western watch towers. Admission to the park is gained by 
 three groups of entrances for the amphitheater and one for each 
 half of the northern slope. 
 
 The arena contains a foot ball field, places for the jumping 
 and throwing competitions, and around all these, a running track, 
 the inner circumference of which measures 383 meters. During 
 the winter the arena can be used as a skating rink. 
 
 The composition of the building is a modern, independent, 
 organic development of early mediaeval Swedish architecture. 
 Round the southern end runs an outer, open arcade, looking 
 towards the park. Its contrefort is crowned by granite blocks 
 intended for sculptur.ed figures, a cyclus of thirty erect figures 
 , in life size. The eight sidewalks are flanked in pairs by similar 
 blocks. On the great eastern tower there is an immense block 
 of black hammered iron, with two granite figures representing 
 the first pair of human beings belonging to northern mythology, 
 Ask and Embla. 
 
 The Stadium will become a center for northern athletics and 
 it will also be a forum for open-air festivities of every kind. 
 As its acoustic properties are excellent it will be possible to have 
 choir-festivals, public meetings and open-air theatrical represen- 
 tations there. 
 
 
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SFALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 55 
 
 THE FIFTH OLYMPIAD 
 
 BY JAMES E. SULLIVAN, OLYMPIC COMMISSIONER 
 
 The real feature, of course, of the Olympic Games, no mat- 
 ter where held, is the track and field events that take place in 
 the Stadium. It is true that in whatever country an Olympiad 
 has been sanctioned, events have been added to the programme 
 to make it as attractive as possible, and also to lengthen it so 
 that it will extend over a certain period, but that part in which 
 the greatest interest is taken and upon which the eyes of the 
 world are focused is the track and field events, without which 
 the Olympic Games would be a dismal failure. This is not 
 only true of Stockholm but also of Athens, Paris, St. Louis and 
 London. 
 
 When the announcement was made that the Fifth Olympiad 
 would take place at Stockholm those of us who had more or 
 less intercourse with the Swedes at the Olympic Games held in 
 1904, 1906 and 1908 realized that they would do something out 
 of the ordinary, and they did. The Stadium was erected at a 
 very large expenditure and was as near perfect as one could 
 expect. It has a seating capacity of 27,000, and is well con- 
 structed, although from an athletic standpoint it could have been 
 better planned, . In its arrangement it is doubtful if there 
 ever has been a Stadium so complete, and a standard has been 
 set by the Swedes that will be hard for other nations to surpass 
 insofar as it pertains to Stadium construction. One fault, 
 however, in the Stadium at Stockholm that should be remedied: 
 in the construction of future athletic plants was the necessity 
 of running the 200 meter dash in lanes around one turn and 
 running the 400 meter race around a path with two turns. It is 
 to be hoped that in future the quarter-milers will be given a 
 chance to run their favorite race with a straightaway of at 
 least 250 yards a turn and a full straightaway to the finish 
 somewhat on the lines of those at the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania, Harvard, Yale and other places. Nevertheless, it must ' 
 be admitted that if there ever was an athletic plant as nearly 
 perfect as human skill could make it, that plant was at Stock- 
 holm, and no matter how critical one may be, it must be con- 
 ceded that the Stadium was most complete and reflects great 
 credit on the Swedish Olympic Committee. Sweden, through 
 its athletic officials and competitors, has been preparing for 
 the Olympic Games for some years- At Athens, Paris, St. 
 Louis and London they were in evidence, and from their atten- 
 
OLYMPIC' GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Three American Flags raised in the Stadium when American athletes scored 
 first, second and third in 100 Meters, 800 Meters, 16-lb. Shot, 110 Meters. 
 Hurdle, and Pole Vault. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 57 
 
 tion to every detail it was apparent that when the time came\ 
 to hold the Olympic Games in Stockholm something would be \ 
 done that would please the entire athletic universe. The Swedes 
 are sportsmen of the true type. 
 
 Much has been written in relation to the organization of the 
 Olympic Games and how the privilege comes to each country 
 to hold them, but that is merely organization. The Swedish 
 Olympic Committee, having been accorded the privilege of 
 holding the Fifth Olympiad with absolute power to name the 
 events and the officials and make the rules, did so. No one 
 criticized the committee for taking over the games under such 
 conditions. Nevertheless I feel firmly convinced that if the 
 Olympic Games are to be perpetuated each and every country 
 that furnishes the contestants will have to be consulted in re- 
 lation to the rules and events, and the International Committee, 
 if it is to have any longer life, shall decide. If the committee, 
 will make the rules and decide on the events to be contested, 
 and at once, the entire athletic world will accept its decision as 
 final. But if the committee is going to Berlin in 1916 ^uncer- 
 tain as to rules and events, it is inevitable that the countries 
 that furnish the contestants will lose interest. This is no 
 criticism of the Swedish Olympic Committee or of those who 
 worked so hard to make the Olympic Games of 1912 a success, 
 as nearly all countries knew in advance what events v\f,ould be 
 contested and what rules would prevail. They took. them, sent 
 their teams to compete, and have a perfect right to criticize 
 and make suggestions for the betterments of future contests. 
 
 As to officials, there is no reason wh^ ^all of the officials 
 should come from one country. No matter where the games 
 are held, each country that has representation should have 
 officials on the field. There should be that fellowship on the , 
 field that is not there at present, and never Has ; been there. 
 If there is to be an international jury why should it be tfiere 
 in name only, with the members seated so far away from the 
 scene of action that they could never decide intelligently any 
 protest that might arise? If there is to be an international 
 jury its members should be at the track and on the field near 
 the competitions. 
 
 We have some perfectly equipped athletic plants in the United 
 States, there are some in England, and Athens was well nigh 
 perfection, but never before have we had such a field as the 
 Swedes presented to the athletes of the world during the month 
 of July, 1912. There was a running track second to none, jump- 
 ing pits, and every necessity anticipated, competent officials were 
 in charge, assisted by a well drilled force of ^attendants to see 
 that any requests of the contestants were carried out. The 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 His Royal Highness Crown Prince Gustave Adolphe, who presented the third 
 prizes to the athletes. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 59 
 
 judging of the events was without question, and it must be 
 remembered that the Swedes had had very little experience in 
 international or other large athletic meetings. 
 
 The official starter covered himself with glory when one con- 
 siders that he undertook to fill that arduous position under 
 rules that would worry even the most expert. 
 
 When the announcement was made in this country that there 
 was to be no penalty for a false start it was received with a 
 feeling of apprehension. The rules were construed to mean 
 that if a man broke away and stole a couple of yards on the 
 starter it would be a start. However, that was really not the 
 case. As a matter of fact, if a contestant did beat the gun 
 and get away, an official blew a whistle and the men were 
 compelled to come back. There was no penalty. When the 
 facts were explained to our sprinters and they saw personally 
 how the matter worked out, many of them were inclined to favor 
 that method of starting, for in this country, if there is a bad 
 start, our rules do not permit a recall, with the result that, 
 in many cases, particula-rly in handicap races, one contestant 
 sometimes receives an advantage to which he is not entitled- 
 It would be a good thing to have a uniform rule on starting. 
 If the start is* an unfair one, allow the starter to recall the 
 contestants and start over, but penalize the offender or offenders. 
 In my opinion, with many years of attendance at athletic events, 
 the Swedish starter acquitted himself most creditably. Very few 
 of the final heats that he sent away were subject to comment, 
 and when a man can do that under such trying rules it proves 
 that he must be very competent and should receive the com- 
 mendation of all. 
 
 Electrical timing apparatus in connection with instantaneous 
 photography at the finish was, to a certain extent, a step for- 
 ward, but it is doubtful if it served the purpose. So long as 
 the human agency enters into the decision, there will always 
 be a doubt in the minds of onlookers where a close race has been 
 run. It was said that the photograph taken at the finish of each 
 race from the high platform was snapped by hand, same as with 
 any ordinary camera. This could be improved by attaching an 
 electrical apparatus to the end of the finish tape, and when the 
 man broke the tape it would snap the camera. In the electrical 
 timing and starting, the system was far behind that used by the 
 A.A.U. at St. Louis in 1891. At the latter city, when the 
 starter fired his gun, it started the watch at the finish and when 
 the winner hit the tape the watch stopped and recorded the 
 winner's time. In Stockholm the watch was started the same as 
 in St. Louis, but as the winner crossed the finish, one of the 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARr." 61 
 
 officials would press a button which would stop the watch, there- 
 fore leaving the decision to the judgment of one official. The 
 Swedes could have made the timing system absolutely perfect if 
 they had followed the St. Louis system of 1891 and improved it 
 by having a separate finish tape in each lane which would record 
 the time of each as he finished. In this way the apparatus would 
 not only act as a timer, but positively decide in what position 
 each man finished. 
 
 The events themselves produced some of the most remarkable 
 racing ever witnessed in international competition. The fields 
 of starters were larger than ever. As a matter of fact, the 
 total number of entries in the Olympic Games went away beyond 
 expectation, over four thousand athletes having entered, nearly 
 four times the number at Athens in 1906. 
 
 As usual the contests produced several athletic wonders who 
 will go down in athletic history. As in all previous Olympic 
 Games, the athletes from the United States showed their superi- 
 ority. In 1896, at Athens; in 1900, at Paris; at St. Louis in 1904; 
 at Athens, 1906, and at London four years ago the American run- 
 ners, ; jumpers and weight throwers clearly demonstrated their 
 superiority. It was immaterial whether the American repre- 
 sentation was large or small, when the final computation was 
 made it was found that the men carrying the Stars and Stripes 
 had excelled, and the meeting at Stockholm this year was no 
 different from the ones that preceded. Nevertheless, in the 
 games of 1912 other countries furnished some surprises and 
 some athletic wonders, and what Berlin may develop in 1916 
 time alone will tell. 
 
 To describe the performance of each man is of course out 
 of the question in a work like the present volume and during 
 the Olympic period at Stockholm so many sensational races 
 were contested that it is almost impossible to go into details 
 of any one particular performance without having to slight an- 
 other of almost equal importance. 
 
 To have been an official part of an expedition like the Ameri- 
 can invasion of Sweden in 1912, means something to one deeply 
 interested in the outcome and it is doubtful if the average 
 person only casually interested in athletics can thoroughly ap- 
 preciate the feeling how it affects one the nervous strain. For 
 months you have been planning ; attending to the thousand and 
 one details that arise, wondering how many the finances will 
 permit to comprise the team, finally the selection, and then 
 to have all questions answered, sometimes in seconds and other 
 times in minutes with always the possibility of the wrong answer. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 62 
 
 When the day of the "solemn opening" at last has arrived 
 the Stadium rilled to its capacity and the Royal Family in 
 their places in the state box, the band and the athletes of all 
 nations file in and assemble on the field facing the celebrities, 
 the International Committee solemnly walk before the royal 
 box and the President steps forward and delivers his address. 
 The Crown Prince then delivers an address to the King and 
 His Majesty answers and declares the Olympic Games opened. 
 There is something about it all that is beyond definition, particu- 
 larly in this country of ours, where athletic meetings are con- 
 sidered "hurly-burly" affairs. Then when all is quiet again, 
 the clerk of the course calls, "all out for the hundred," and 
 the games are on. If you are interested, you are then under a 
 strain that words can hardly explain. The hundred is under 
 way heats, and semi-finals and some of those that you expected 
 to figure in the final heats are eliminated and the unexpected 
 happens. 
 
 At Stockholm the United States athletes came through with 
 precision and when the final heat of the "100" was reached 
 America had five out of the six starters, the only "outsider" 
 being Patching, the phenomenal sprinter from South Africa. 
 Only four of the five sprinters started in the final, however, as 
 Drew, who many expected to win the race, was unable to con- 
 tinue on account of a strained tendon. 
 
 When the five starters went to the mark for the final it was 
 regretted by all of the American contingent that there was no 
 penalty for a false start- The statement has been made that 
 the American athletes purposely broke away from the barrier to 
 upset Patching. That statement is absolutely false. As a mat- 
 ter of fact, this method of starting took a lot out of our boys. 
 When our athletes took their marks the "team" was eliminated ; 
 each man was there to win and to grasp the laurel wreath 
 that represented the sprinting superiority of the world. Each 
 one was extremely nervous, keyed to the highest tension, and 
 realizing that a lost fraction of a second meant defeat. This was 
 the sole reason for the many false starts in the final heat of the 
 "100." The fact that the American athletes scored one two three 
 in the sprint showed that we easily surpass the world in that 
 department. 
 
 We must all acknowledge the wonderful sprinting ability of 
 Ralph Craig, formerly of the University of Michigan, and in his 
 college days the greatest sprinter we had. He equalled several 
 world's records during his college career. Craig was out of 
 the game for a long time and many believed that he could never 
 come back and run anywhere near his old form. He did come 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 65 
 
 back, however, and his winning of both the 100 and 200 meter 
 races at Stockholm were two great performances. 
 
 The running of Lippincott in the sprints was a revelation. 
 Lippincott was a freshman at the University of Pennsylvania 
 in 1911 and ran a few good races for the Red and Blue. The 
 team selection committee of the American Olympic Committee 
 had great faith in him, and although his performances on this 
 side of the water did not warrant his selection on the first list, 
 the committee felt that perhaps he might come around and 
 named him on the supplementary list. The wisdom of this was 
 proven by his being placed in both the 100 and 200 meter races. 
 
 Volumes could be written, if one wanted to specialize, on the 
 heats and finals of the 400, 800 and 1500 meter races. Each and 
 every day the heats and finals furnished some phenomenal racing. 
 To many the sensational feature and the most thrilling race 
 of the Olympic Games was the 800 meter, which is a little short 
 of a half mile. In this race the world's greatest half-milers 
 toed the mark. The race was exciting from beginning to end 
 and the finish will never be forgotten. It brought to light a 
 new world's record holder in "Ted" Meredith, the great middle 
 distance runner from Mercersburg Academy. Meredith's record 
 had preceded him to Stockholm, his performances as a school- 
 boy being well known. The form he showed in the quarter 
 and half mile events in scholastic games had earned him a 
 place on the team, but many athletic experts felt that the old 
 timers, of the type of Sheppard and Davenport, at the critical 
 moment would outgeneral the youngster. In this they were 
 wrong. Meredith won in a blanket finish with Sheppard and 
 Davenport. Meredith not only won the world's championship, 
 but he made a new Olympic record for the 800 meters and 
 a new world's record for the half mile. Here we have a 
 schoolboy, one who at the time of the last Olympic Games had 
 not yet entered college, winning the world's championship and 
 grasping the much coveted half mile record. That certainly is 
 glory enough for one day. Then, to make everything even, 
 a couple of days later, in his trial heat of the 400 meter, he 
 broke the Olympic record for the distance. 
 
 Reidpath, that sterling quarter-miler, who during the year 1912 
 added to his record the fastest quarter mile performance ever 
 made in college competition, having run the distance in 48 
 seconds flat, won the 400 meter championship from Braun, that 
 gritty quarter and half mile representative of Germany, but 
 only after one of the greatest 400 meter races ever seen in 
 the world. 
 

 
 OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 James Thorpe, the world's greatest all-round athlete ; winner of Pentathlon and 
 
 Decathlon, 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 67 
 
 Thanks to the persistence of the American Olympic Commit- 
 tee members present, the quarter mile final at Stockholm was 
 contested in lanes. It was hardly necessary, but owing to the 
 feeling that had been created in connection with the games at 
 Stockholm, where the impression had got abroad that when one 
 man started in a race against five from another country, the 
 five would outgeneral the one, the committee felt that the 
 only fair way would be to have lanes and let the best man win. 
 
 The efforts of the American Committee to convince the 
 Swedish Committee that lanes would be the only solution of the 
 problem was long but fruitless. After two days the American 
 Committee was overruled and the Swedish Committee decided 
 that there would be no lanes. Nevertheless, the American Com- 
 mittee insisted that if there was to be a fair race without criticism 
 it should be run in lanes. At the last minute the Swedish Com- 
 mittee acquiesced and the final heat of the 400 meters was run 
 in lanes. Had this race not been run in lanes, the Americans 
 would undoubtedly have finished one two three, instead of 
 first and third, because our second best man if not our best 
 Lindberg, drew the outside lane and many think it cost him first 
 or second place. However, the result was gratifying as it was, 
 the much-feared Braun was beaten and no one could say that 
 he was not given a fair chance. 
 
 The 1500 meter race certainly was a sensational one, and 
 we must all take our hats off to that sterling British runner, 
 Jackson. In athletics, one can safely trust the records. An 
 expert can go over the athletic records of a country where there 
 is some standard of time or measurement and form a pretty 
 fair idea of what kind of competition to expect at a common 
 meeting ground, such as the Olympic Games, unless a world's 
 wonder suddenly leaps into prominence, 'which is not usually 
 the case. The United States had several 1500 meter men with 
 records of 4.15 2/5, 4.16 and 4.18 for a mile, and should have 
 finished one two three. Jones, Kiviat, Taber and Hedlund 
 were old campaigners, all tried and true, and surely when any 
 one suggested the mere possibility of Jackson beating such a 
 quartette, he was laughed at. But Jackson did break that com- 
 bination, and I doubt if in my thirty-five years in athletics I 
 ever saw a man run with such rare good judgment. Jackson's 
 style in his preliminary heat was impressive, and I watched him, 
 as I realized that there was the man our boys had to beat. 
 Jackson paid no attention to pace. He trailed the field for the 
 greater part of the distance, and only had in mind his own race. 
 He had his schedule, and he knew if he could be within striking 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 James Edward ("Ted") Meredith, winner of the 800 Meters Run, creating a 
 new world's record for the distance. Time, 1m. 51 9-10s. Meredith also 
 made a new world's record for the 880 Yards Run, Time, Jm, 52 l-2s, 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 69 
 
 distance on the bell lap, he had a sprint that few milers have, 
 one that would bring him home ahead of all others, and it cer- 
 tainly did. 
 
 If the American runners had ran the kind of a race that 
 Jackson did perhaps there would have been a different story 
 to tell to-day. Our boys watched one another. Kiviat felt that he 
 had to beat Jones and kept his eyes on him all through the race. ' 
 Taber knew that he had that wonderful finish that made him 
 the sensation of the college year, but none of them ever expected ! 
 to have Jackson come up at the critical moment and snatch the 
 honors from them. After the excitement attending the race 
 had subsided I was asked by Mr. C. W. Williams of the Hearst 
 Syndicate to describe it for publication in the American papers, 
 and although the contest has become a matter of history, I cannot 
 do it better now than at the finish of the race itself. The cable- 
 gram was as follows : , 
 
 "The 1500 meter has proved a terrible disappointment. I did 
 not think there was a man living who could break up our won- 
 derful combination John Paul Jones, Abel Kiviat, Norman 
 Taber and Mel Sheppard. All I can say is that the man who 
 did beat them is one of the greatest, brainiest racers in the 
 world. He should be England's idol. Although I was sure 
 America would win this event, the name of Jackson haunted me 
 ever since I saw him in the semi-final heat. I marked his name 
 on my programme, unconsciously selecting him as winner, as 
 is my habit of doing after sizing up a field. I realized all along 
 that Jackson was good. Yet not even now will I admit that he is 
 a better man than Kiviat. Kiviat was not in his best form in 
 Sweden. The long voyage disagreed with him. To back up my 
 argument, I wish to call attention to the fact that Jackson did 
 not beat Kiviat's record. That is pretty strong proof. But we 
 may as well begin training now against Jackson for the 1500 
 meter in the Olympiad of 1916. All of our boys deserve much 
 credit. John Paul Jones was not the Jones of old I know that. 
 After his semi-final with Jackson I said so. Nobody believed 
 me. Kiviat was handicapped by drawing the outside position. 
 This forced him to lose many yards in getting the pole. Taber 
 did as well as was to be expected. But poor Mel Sheppard ! ' 
 It cut me to the heart to see that grand old veteran go down to 
 such a crushing defeat. Yet he ran the race he planned. At 
 the very start he jumped to the front and tried to keep the 
 crowd back with a slow pace that would leave him strong for a 
 sprint at the finish. If Mel had had that sprint left in him, 
 Jackson could never have caught him. Jackson has a tremendous 
 springy stride and a long, rangy build, just right for a miler. 
 He used excellent judgment, letting the others have their own 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 The three Americans that finished first,' second and third in the 110 Meters 
 Hurdle Race. F. W. Kelly in the center, winning; James I. Wendell, second* 
 and M. W. Hawkins on the right, third, 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. ft 
 
 way, and lagging almost at the rear until the last lap. Then 
 he shot out like a racehorse. The race was cleanly run. Four- 
 teen starters are too many in a running event, yet I failed to 
 see any jostling. I had talked long and loud how I would like 
 to see the man who could beat the American runners in this 
 event. Well, I saw." 
 
 Of course, the Olympic Games had its Craigs. Reidpaths, 
 Merediths and Jacksons, but there was another contestant, long 
 to be remembered, and that is Hannes Kolehmainen of Finland. 
 We, in America, had heard of him, read of him, and I published 
 his picture in the Athletic Almanac, but we never expected that 
 he would prove to be such a wonderful piece of running machin- 
 ery. Kolehmainen was really the sensation of the Olympic 
 Games. He ran heats in the 10,000 meter, stopped, looked around 
 and smiled at the second man. In the final he stopped and 
 watched the second man finish. In the 5,ooo meter heat he walked 
 away as though it was an everyday occurrence. Then with 
 everyone speechless with amazement at his prodigies, Kolehmainen 
 proceeded to win his heat in the team race, after which he went 
 out and won the cross-country race, apparently without even 
 an effort. I have been an official at four of the five Olympic 
 Games since their revival in 1896, and have seen all the great 
 distance runners of America and Europe, and when they ran one 
 hard race it was all that they wanted to run, but never in my 
 life have I had the pleasure of seeing such a phenomenal piece 
 of human machinery as this representative of Finland to the 
 American team a name more nautical than geographical. He al- 
 ways won without an effort. His smile and that whole souled 
 something that we call personal magnetism endeared him to the 
 hearts of all, and then to think that he comes from a nation that is 
 not athletic, as we know the term. Kolehmainen told us that 
 he was led to take up running by reading accounts of the Olym- 
 pic Games at Athens in 1906 and wanted to become a runner 
 and he succeeded. He comes from a land where the training 
 table is unheard of, and certainly disproves the theory of many 
 trainers and athletes of past ages who decried the idea that an 
 athlete could secure valuable aid from books. 
 
 The field events at the Olympic Games comprised the usual 
 standard events: hammer, shot, discus, pole vault, javelin, 
 high and broad jumps, in which events the American athletes 
 again demonstrated their superiority, but the Swedes had two 
 events on the programme never held heretofore the Pentathlon ' 
 and Decathlon. These two events were added to the Olympic 
 Games in Sweden to give the world a chance to see the type] 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Albert L. Gutterson, University of Vermont ; winner of Running Broad Jump. 
 A new Olympic record, distance, 24ft. 11 1-5 in. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 73 
 
 of athlete that comes from countries that believe in all-around , 
 excellence, the claim having been made that certain nations 
 especially America specialized, some in sprinting, some in jump- I 
 ing, throwing the weights, etc., but here' were two events that 
 would give to each nation a chance to show its proficiency in 
 all-around work. A mistaken impression had become prevalent ; 
 in Europe that the American athlete was a specialist. Of course, 
 to us it was ridiculous. The average American amateur athlete 
 can probably perform meritoriously in many more athletic events, \ 
 outside of his specialty, than any other athlete in the world, 
 not to mention proficiency in some field pastime what athlete 
 is not an adept at our national game of base ball? So these 
 two events were put on to give the athletes of the world a chance 
 to show their all-around ability. 
 
 I was told by one of the members of the International Com- 
 mittee, at Stockholm, who voted to have these events on the 
 programme, that while America was conceded to have the best 
 chance in the standard track and field events, the Pentathlon 
 and Decathlon were sure to be won by a European, owing 
 to the fact that the Continent produced the best type of all- 
 around men. What a shock it was when James Thorpe, that 
 wonderful all-around athlete from the Carlisle Indian School, 
 demolished all theories and calculations. His performances were 
 marvelous. 
 
 The "blue ribbon" event of the Olympic Games is the Mara- 
 thon race, there is no argument about that. America would 
 rather win the Marathon race than any other three races on 
 the programme, but we did not, and we want to bow, and grace- 
 fully, too, to McArthur of South Africa, a great runner. 
 
 The showing of the Americans as a team was a most wonder- 
 ful exhibition of distance racing. Twelve men started ; ten fin- 
 ished. These ten men were in the first eighteen. Our first man, 
 Strobino, finished in third position. Strobino left Paterson, N. J., 
 the unheralded champion, and to-day he stands out as the pre- 
 mier American Marathoner. The others finished fourth, seventh, 
 eighth, ninth, tenth, twelfth, fifteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth. 
 All were in excellent shape, some of them not run out, and the 
 experts think that if a few had extended themselves earlier in 
 the race the finish might have been different. On the whole, 
 America established its right to the all-around distance champion- 
 ship of the world, for no other country of the world ever 
 equalled our record in a Marathon race. 
 
 While America naturally receives credit for the remarkable 
 showing of her athletes, no article , on the Olympic Games is 
 complete without an appreciation of the sterling athletes that 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 A. W. Richards, Brigham Young University ; winner of Running High Jump. 
 Height. 6 ft. 3.98 in. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 75 
 
 represented Sweden and Finland in the Olympic Games. As the 
 point score shows, the United States was first, Finland second 
 and Sweden third. The showing of Finland was of course 
 wonderful when one considers that this score was rolled up by 
 a few men. Sweden's score was made by a well balanced team, 
 which must be reckoned with in future. 
 
 Finland had four great athletes on its team Kolehmainen, 
 Niklander, Taipale and Saaristo and, much to the astonish- 
 ment of all, Finland finished one two three in the javelin throw 
 (with both hands). Taipale defeated Duncan of America in 
 the discus (best hand), and in doing so created a new record. 
 From the records made in America by Duncan, very few had 
 any doubts as to his ability to win. Sweden defeated the pick 
 of the Americans in the hop, step and jump and finished one 
 two three. In the field it was a three-cornered battle between 
 the Swedish, Finnish and American athletes. 
 
 "It is customary at all Olympic Games to have a platform at 
 one end of the Stadium with three flagpoles on which the flags 
 of the different nations are raised when their representatives 
 win certain places, and great was the joy in the American sec- 
 tion when the three American flags were displayed, telling to all 
 the results first, second and third in the 100 meter dash, 800 
 meter run, no meter hurdles, putting the shot, and the pole 
 vault, but it is impossible to describe the feelings of the twenty 
 thousand or more Swedes when their national banner on the 
 three flagstaffs indicated that Sweden took first, second and 
 third in the hop, step and jump. When Finland finished first, 
 second and third in the javelin an encouraging and sympathetic 
 cheer arose from all. It was not the Finnish flag that went to 
 the masthead, but the Russian flag, with a pennant attached on 
 which the word "Finland" was printed in bold relief. 
 
 While it is true that the battle for points was keen between 
 the twenty-seven natio'ns represented, and all due recognition was 
 given to the victors, it must not be overlooked that winners, 
 and winners only, will not make the Olympic Games popular. 
 We must not forget the losers, as all concerned put forth their 
 best effects, and with the approach of another Olympiad, four 
 years hence, the lessons learned in Sweden in 1912 will have 
 borne fruit and while we hope to again see the triple signal of 
 victory for America, we will not be disappointed if it does not 
 appear as frequently as in the past, but be glad that America 
 was able to point the way in international contests to the nations 
 of the world. 
 
 While it is admitted that in the distance running events, Koleh- 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 F. W. Kelly, University of California ; winner of 110 Meters Hurdle Race, 
 
 Time. 15 MOs. 
 
--SPALUIN6PS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 77 
 
 mainen, the Finnish distance runner, was the bright particular 
 star, we must not overlook the high class performances of some 
 of the other men that took part in these events. For instance, 
 Bouin of France, who had startled the world with his remark- 
 able distance running during the past couple of years, should not 
 be overlooked, as he was a contender in the 5,000 meters run, 
 and a very important one. The form he displayed in his heat 
 proved conclusively that the records that had been sent broad- 
 cast from France in relation to his running were not exagger- 
 ated. He won the fifth heat in this race quite easily in 15 min- 
 utes and 5 seconds, which was by far the fastest preliminary 
 heat. In the final, Kolehmainen will long remember the race 
 that this wonderful Frenchman gave him and the contest will 
 be long remembered by the twenty thousand or more spectators 
 that witnessed that thrilling race. It was really a match race, 
 after the first few laps, between these two great runners, and 
 the finish that they furnished will never be forgotten. Bouin 
 was just beaten in record time that is the answer. We must 
 all proclaim this French runner as one of the wonders of the 
 Fifth Olympiad. 
 
 In the 10,000 meters race, which was also won by Koleh- 
 mainen, Louis Tewanima, the little Hopi Indian of the American 
 team, gave a remarkable exhibition of grit and persistency. This 
 young Indian, who hails from the Carlisle Indian School, the 
 hero of many thrilling races, stuck to his work in a true Indian 
 fashion, and many thought at one time that he had a chance to 
 defeat the great Kolehmainen, but it was not to be. Tewanima 
 proved, however, that with Kolehmainen out of the way, he was 
 superior to all other long distance runners and the world's best 
 were on the mark for this race. All Americans can feel proud 
 of the wonderful race that Tewanima ran against the best in the 
 world. 
 
 Team and relay racing formed an important part of the Fifth 
 Olympiad. The 400 meters relay race for teams of four men, 
 each man to run 100 meters, was won by a team that was not 
 the best team entered. The United States team defeated Great 
 Britain in the first heat of the semi-final round, but was dis- 
 qualified for not passing the small piece of wood or baton within 
 the allotted space, which permitted the British team to compete 
 in the final. Great Britain won the final, with Germany second. 
 Germany was also disqualified for the same offense as the American 
 team, and the second prize was given to Sweden. The time made 
 by the German team in their preliminary heat, 42.3 seconds, 
 stands as the Olympic record. 
 
 The cross-country race in connection with Olympic Games was 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Two of America's Crack Sprinters 1, Donald F. Lippincott, University of 
 Pennsylvania, third in 100 meters and second in 200 meters races. Made new 
 world's record in bis heat in 100 meters race, time, 10 3-5s. ; 2, Ralph Craig, 
 University of Michigan, winner of both 100 and 200 meters races. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 79 
 
 a new feature, and the conditions were such that it is hoped no 
 other country will ever duplicate them. Here was an Olympic 
 championship scheduled months in advance and the route of the 
 course was kept secret. Why should_this be so? I hope it will 
 be a long time before there will be another race in connection 
 with Olympic Games where the contestants go to the mark with- 
 out knowing over what kind of a course they will have to run. 
 The Olympic course of 1912 was a very stiff one and, as a mat- 
 ter of fact, it killed off some of the greatest cross-country run- 
 ners in the world. In this race Kolehmainen, the wonderful 
 Finn, again demonstrated his ability and had no trouble in win- 
 ning the first prize. The Swedes won the team championship, 
 with the Finns second and the English third. All of the teams 
 that finished are entitled to a great deal of praise. The first 
 man wearing the shield of the United States to finish was young 
 Hellawell, who came in twelfth. He ran a wonderfully g-ame 
 race and made a remarkable showing when it is considered that 
 he came in ahead of all the crack British cross-country runners. 
 Hellawell certainly deserves a great deal of credit for his per- 
 sistency and stoutheartedness in coming through such a gruel- 
 ling race. 
 
 While it is true that the world's greatest stars performed in 
 the track events, we must not overlook the men who took part 
 in the field events, where the world's best compete in their 
 specialties. Is it any wonder there was unrestrained joy in the 
 hearts of the Finns when the three Finnish pennants were raised 
 to the' tops of the flagstaffs indicating the victories of Saaristo, 
 Siikaniemi and Peltonen of Finland in the order named in the 
 javelin throwing competition (with both hands) ? Saaristo, the 
 new wonder at this game, threw the javelin over 200 feet with 
 his right hand and over 157 feet with his left, a record that will 
 no doubt remain for a long time. 
 
 In the discus throw (free style) those of us who had been fol- 
 lowing the wonderful work of James H. Duncan in the United 
 States felt confident that he would win this event. Niklander, 
 the big Finn, was the only one feared in this particular event, 
 but the best Duncan could do was to finish third. Duncan was 
 beaten by Taipale, a Finlander, whom we had heard of very little, 
 and Byrd, Duncan's team mate. Taipale's throw of 148 feet 
 3.9 inches created a new Olympic record for this style. It must 
 be said, however, that Duncan was far from being right en the 
 trip. The long sea voyage did not agree with him. His best 
 performance in Stockholm was far behind his average perform- 
 ance in America. 
 
 In the pole vault, a new Olympic record was created by Harry 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 The three Indians Sockalexis, Thorpe and Tewanima. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 81 
 
 Babcock of the American team. He vaulted 12 feet n 1-2 inches. 
 This was another event in which the three American flags were 
 hoisted, denoting the winning of first, second and third places, 
 and it gave the American enthusiasts a good chance to cheer. 
 Babcock was first, and M. S. Wright and Frank Nelson tied for 
 second at 12 feet 7 1-2 inches. The vaulting witnessed at Stock- 
 holm was remarkable. It is doubtful if we ever have had in the 
 history of the world such fine performances in the final of a 
 pole vault. One has merely to glance at the records made in 
 the final to see how remarkable this vaulting really was : Bab- 
 cock (U.S.A.), 12 feet n 1-2 inches; Wright and Nelson 
 (U.S.A.), 12 feet 71-2 inches; Murphy (U.S.A.), Uggla (Swe- 
 den), Happenny (Canada), 12 feet 5.6 inches; Bellah (U.S. A), 
 12 feet 3.6 inches ; Dukes, Coyle and Fritz (U.S.A.), n feet n 
 3-41 inches, and Paseman (Germany), n feet 1.9 inches. The 
 performance of any one of the first seven men could have won the 
 world's championship at the Olympic Games at Athens, in 1896; 
 Paris, 1900; St. Louis, 1904; Athens, 1906, or London, 1908. 
 
 In the standing high and broad jumps Ray Ewry was missed. 
 This world's greatest jumper decided, for business reasons, not 
 to try for the American team, although if Ewry had signified 
 his intention of going to Stockholm, I think the Committee 
 would have selected him on his past performances. His records 
 show he was the best in the world at Paris, St. Louis, Athens 
 and London. Without him records were not expected, but it 
 was a good thing for America that we had the Adams brothers, 
 although in the standing broad jump both Platt and Ben Adams 
 incurred defeat at the hands of Tsiclitiras of Greece, who per- 
 formed so meritoriously at London in 1908. The experts felt 
 we would have to develop another Ewry in order to defeat the 
 Greek. He was a beginner in 1908, at London, and has been 
 consistently at work ever since- His performance shows what 
 four years of hard training and competition will do for an ath- 
 lete. In the standing high jump the Adams boys turned the 
 tables on the Greek, Platt finishing first and Ben second, the 
 Greek taking third. 
 
 The running broad jump was somewhat of a disappointment. 
 One might wonder why that remark is made when we look at 
 the performance of Gutterson, the American who won with a 
 jump of 24 feet n 1-5 inches, but from the records made before 
 leaving the United States, first, second and third places were 
 expected in this event. Mercer and Worthingtpn, had they 
 jumped to form, would have taken second and third places for 
 us. However, the long drawn out voyage on the Finland, and 
 lack of practice for a couple of weeks had its effect and, on the 
 whole, the Americans should congratulate themselves that 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 83 
 
 Gutterson jumped to form. Many felt Gutterson had the ability 
 to jump 25 feet when pressed. 
 
 In the hop, step and jump the American contingent were 
 blanked outclassed and there was unbounded joy among the 
 Swedes when the three national flags were displayed, denoting a 
 triple victory for the Swedish representatives. The American 
 chances in this particular event were not considered seriously, 
 as there was no one entered from the United States in this event 
 whose performance gave any hope of winning. 
 
 In the shot putting and hammer -throwing events, those who 
 had analyzed the various records of the world felt the United 
 States had very little opposition in the weight events; in fact, 
 the only man feared was Niklander, the giant from Finland. 
 The American Committee and those responsible for the selec- 
 tion of the Olympic team had carefully reviewed the records 
 of the athletes in America and also those abroad and came to 
 the conclusion that Niklander would be the greatest stumbling 
 block. Nevertheless they felt that at the critical moment the 
 tried campaigners would come through, and their judgment was 
 affirmed. McDonald, that sterling and popular champion, fin- 
 ished first; Rose was second and Whitney third. However, 
 Niklander's performance justified the reports of his proficiency 
 and proved that he is to be reckoned with in future interna- 
 tional competitions. He certainly had the Americans anxious, for 
 a time, about their laurels in the shot putting event (with both 
 hands), but Pat McDonald and Ralph Rose were not to be denied 
 and came through and the Stars and Stripes again went up for 
 first and second places, with Niklander responsible for Finland 
 in the third. 
 
 The Fifth Olympiad certainly was an American triumph.' Not 
 only were premier honors won on track and field, in shooting 
 and swimming, but, for the first time in the history of the Olym- 
 pic Games, base ball, our national game, was included in the 
 Olympic programme. Before the team sailed from America the 
 American Olympic Committee received a number of letters from 
 base ball enthusiasts, asking if it would not be possible to have 
 a game played at Stockholm, to show the Swedes what the great 
 summer pastime was like. The American Committee at once 
 took the matter up with Mr. Kristian Hellstrom, Secretary of 
 the Swedish Olympic Committee, and the Committee added the 
 game to the official programme, selecting July 10 as the date. 
 The game was scheduled to be played at the Stadium, com- 
 mencing at 7 o'clock in the evening, there being light enough in 
 that latitude to permit play until 10 o'clock. 
 
 When the team sailed, Manager Halpin took base ball suits 
 

 OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Matthew J. McGrath, winner of Hammer Throwing competition. Distance, 
 179 ft. 7.1 in., a new Olympic record. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 85 
 
 and paraphernalia enough for two full teams. It was planned 
 to make up two teams from the members of the American track 
 and field team, as there was a sufficient number of men who had 
 played base ball in their high school or college days to make up 
 two nines strong enough to give a good demonstration of the 
 national pastime. So the men got together and picked a team 
 from the Western members, who called themselves the "Fin- 
 lands," the team from the East being named the "Olympics." 
 Charles Brickley, captain of the Harvard freshmen base ball 
 team for 1912, was selected to lead the East,, or "Olympics," and 
 Ira N. Davenport, formerly of the University of Chicago, was 
 honored with the captaincy of the Western team, or "Finlands." 
 
 Those in charge of the American team did not consider that 
 it would be good judgment to allow the boys to play their game 
 until after all their track competitions were over, as an injury 
 to one of the men might cost America a world's championship, 
 so it was reluctantly decided to abandon the date set by the 
 Swedish Committee, July 10. As this was the only date open in 
 the Stadium, the American Committee decided to play the game 
 on the athletic field in the rear of the Stadium, known as Oster- 
 malms Idrottspalats, on July 16. 
 
 Mr. J. S. Edstrom, Vice-President of the Swedish Olympic 
 Committee, and Mr. E. Johnson, a Swedish gentleman, who 
 spent a number of years in the United States and had become a 
 great base ball enthusiast, asked the American Committee if 
 they would not arrange to play an All Swedish team. Mr. John- 
 son, who had organized a Swedish team, felt that it would be a 
 fine chance for his men to gain experience by playing against 
 men who were expert at the game. The game was arranged as 
 Mr. Johnson suggested and easily won by the Americans. It 
 was really remarkable to see how well the Swedes fielded and 
 hit, but they knew nothing of what is popularly known a*s 
 "inside base ball." The game between the "Finlands" arid the 
 "Olympics," however, was a good demonstration of our national 
 game and was enjoyed by the foreigners, who, although they 
 could not always understand the finer points of the game, admired 
 the action and enthusiasm of the players. Mr. George Wright 
 of Boston, famous in his day as shortstop of the champion Cin- 
 cinnati Red Stockings of 1867-8 and later of the Boston and 
 Providence teams of the National League, umpired one. game 
 and gave many points to the Swedish players. 
 
 The Committee is indebted to Messrs. J. S. Edstrom and 
 Kristian Hellstrom for their efforts in having base ball included 
 in the Olympic programme, and with Mr. E. Johnson, who has 
 already organized the Vesteras base ball team of Sweden, work- 
 

 OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1012, 
 
 A. K. Taipale, Finland,, winner Throwing the Discus, best hand; James H. 
 Duncan, America, third, and L, B, Jiyrd, America, second, 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 87 
 
 ing hard to establish base ball in his country, the game is bound 
 to get a foothold there and advance with rapid strides. 
 
 The game played between a nine selected from the American 
 Olympic athletes and a Swedish native team, and the contest 
 for the championship of the steamship Finland between two 
 teams organized from the Olympic athletes, selected from the 
 Eastern and Western sections of the United States, who made 
 the trip on the vessel and called for this particular occasion, 
 "Olympics" and "Finlands," should prove conclusively that the 
 statement was wrong that the American athlete, as represented 
 in the Stadium, was a specialist. 
 
 By "specialist" was meant to convey the impression that an 
 athlete who shone in the 100 yards run could only run 100 yards, 
 that the half miler is a half miler exclusively, and that the 
 broad jumper would not recognize a discus if it was shown to 
 him. In other words, the American athlete thought of no other 
 pastime than his own specialty. The base ball contests and the 
 eagerness with which the most prominent athletes sought to 
 enroll for the two games, demonstrated to those fortunate 
 enough to be present at Stockholm that the American athlete 
 was just as versatile as he was proficient in his alleged 
 "specialty." 
 
 And while base ball was played primarily to give Europeans 
 a chance to see what our great national pastime is like, our 
 athletes could have just as readily shown a game of college foot 
 ball or basket ball, played in championship style. And I venture 
 to go farther and make a statement that if it had been winter 
 and skating was in order there would be found members of the 
 team who could give even the leading Swedish skaters an inter- 
 esting contest. 
 
 In other words, I doubt if there has ever been another athletic 
 team in the history of the world that was equal to the American 
 team of 1912 in all-around proficiency. Not a man there who 
 could not show true championship form in at least three or 
 four different sports. The work of our men in the two all 
 around competitions, the Decathlon and the Pentathlon, and the 
 showing of James Thorpe, the winner of them, should forever 
 remove from any doubting minds the impression that Americans 
 specialized for one event. Thorpe's record has not been equalled 
 and will not be equalled for many years. And Thorpe had a 
 reputation in other lines of sport long before he began to attract 
 attention in track and field athletics, for besides being a splendid 
 base ball player, he is a star lacrosse player and has the honor 
 of being selected by the leading authority on foot ball in 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 America, Mr. Walter Camp, as a member of the blue ribbon- 
 though mythical team, the "All America Foot Ball Team." 
 
 As before stated, the most important feature of the Olympic 
 Games is that portion devoted to track and field contests. Still 
 the other events scheduled in connection with the Olympic 
 Games must not be overlooked, especially the rifle, pistol and 
 trap shooting. As a matter of fact those in control of govern- 
 ment affairs, especially the representatives of the Army and 
 Navy, pay more attention to the firearm results than they do to 
 track and field scores. 
 
 Our rifle, gun and pistol teams covered themselves with glory, 
 scoring a sweeping victory in all three departments, the most 
 important one, however, in the eyes of the military departments 
 of the nations of the world, being the team rifle competition. 
 In this event the team from the United States duplicated its 
 former glorious Olympic victory and gave a wonderful exhibition 
 of rifle shooting. The ease with which our rifle men excelled 
 caused widespread comment among European officers and others 
 interested and in some quarters it was insinuated that perhaps it 
 was the rifle. This, of course, was ridiculous to the American 
 marksmen, because it is a matter of record that the rifle they 
 used was not the most expensive kind and only cost in the neigh- 
 borhood of fifteen or sixteen dollars. It was not a patented gun. 
 There was no secrecy about the doings of the American rifle 
 team or the rifle used. The men shot in the open and cheerfully 
 showed their rifles to anybody and everybody that wished to 
 inspect them. Nevertheless, the reports persisted and finally 
 became so pronounced that His Majesty King Gustave V. asked 
 Kristian Hellstrom, Secretary of the Swedish Olympic Com- 
 mittee, to have the American Committee submit one of the rifles 
 used by the Americans for examination and explanation. This 
 letter was sent to Commissioner Sullivan by Secretary Hellstrom 
 and in turn Commissioner Sullivan requested Manager Halpin 
 to get in touch with Commander Lanning and have him take one 
 of the rifles used by his team to His Majesty King Gustave V. 
 and explain same minutely. This was done, and a photograph 
 on another page will show Commander Lanning explaining the 
 rifle to the King of Sweden. The American rifle team scored its 
 victory because it was absolutely the most expert team of rifle- 
 men in the world. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 Ralph W. Rose, America, winner of Shot-put (both hands). Distance, 90 ft. 5,4 in. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 91 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN TEAM 
 
 TRACK AND FIELD. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 EVENT. 
 
 ENTERED FROM. 
 
 Adams, B 
 Adams, P 
 Allen, F. W 
 Anderson L. R. ...... 
 
 Jumper 
 Jumper 
 Broad jump 
 Miler . 
 
 New York A.C. 
 New York A.C. 
 Univ. of California 
 Univ. of Nebraska 
 Chicago A.A. 
 Univ. of Pennsylvania 
 Cornell University 
 Irish-American A.C. 
 Harvard University 
 Bates College 
 New York A.C. 
 Multnomah A.C. 
 Chicago A.A. 
 Chicago A.A. 
 Boston A.A. 
 Chicago A.A. 
 Indiana University 
 Seattle A.C. 
 New York A.C. 
 Detroit Y.M.C.A. 
 Mass. Agricultural Coll. 
 Ohio State College 
 New York A.C. 
 Springfield H.S. 
 North Dorchester A.C. 
 Chicago University 
 I.-A.A.C., Los Angeles 
 Bradhurst Field Club 
 Irish-American A.C. 
 Seattle A.C. 
 Missouri A.C. 
 Dartmouth University 
 Mott Haven A.C. 
 New York A.C. 
 Cornell University 
 Missouri A.C. 
 Univ. of Notre Dame 
 Boston A.A. 
 Olympic Club 
 Yale University 
 Univ. of Vermont 
 New York A.C. 
 Mohawk A.C. 
 New York A.C. 
 Boston A.A. 
 Boston A.A. 
 Xavier A.A. 
 Univ. of Michigan 
 Boston A.A. 
 New York A.C. 
 Univ. of Oregon 
 Olympic Club 
 
 Belote, F. V 
 Burdick J W 
 
 Sprinter 
 High Jump 
 
 Berna T S 
 
 Distance . . . .... 
 
 Bonhag, G. V 
 
 Distance 
 
 Brickley, C. E 
 Blanchard, V. S 
 Babcock, H. S 
 Bellah S H 
 
 Hop, step and jump... 
 Hurdler 
 Jumper 
 Pole vault 
 
 Brundage A 
 
 Pentathlon 
 
 Byrd R. L 
 
 
 Chisholm G 
 
 Hurdler 
 
 Coyle, F! J 
 Case, J. R 
 
 Pole vault 
 Hurdler 
 
 Childs C C 
 
 
 Craig R. C 
 
 
 Caldwell, D 
 
 
 Cooke, Carl C 
 Dukes G B 
 
 Jumper 
 Pole vault 
 
 Drew, H. P 
 DeMar, C. H 
 
 Sprinter 
 Marathon 
 
 Donahue, James 
 Duncan, James 
 Eller, John J 
 
 Decathlon 
 Discus 
 Hurdler 
 
 Erxleben, J 
 Enright H B 
 
 Marathon 
 High jump 
 
 
 High jump . 
 
 Fitzgerald, E. J 
 
 
 Fritz, Jr., W. H 
 
 Pole vault 
 
 
 Fletcher, F 
 Farrell E 
 
 Jumper 
 Hop, step and jump... 
 
 Gerhardt, P 
 
 Gallagher, Jr., J 
 Gutterson, A. L 
 Grumpelt H. J 
 
 Marathon 
 Broad jump 
 High jump 
 
 Goehring, Leo 
 Gillis, S 
 
 Jumper 
 
 Halpin T. J 
 
 800 meters 
 
 Holden, H. W 
 
 
 Heiland H W .... 
 
 Sprinter 
 
 Haff, H. B 
 Hedlund, Oscar 
 
 400 meters 
 Miler 
 
 Hellawell, H. H 
 Hawkins, M. N 
 Horine G L 
 
 Cross-country 
 Hurdler 
 High jump 
 
 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 King Gustave V. of Sweden, crowning Patrick J, McDonald, winner of the 
 Shot-Put event, best hand. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 93 
 
 NAME. 
 
 EVENT. 
 
 ENTERED FROM. 
 
 Irons, F. C 
 Johnstone J O 
 
 Jumper 
 High jump . . 
 
 Chicago A.A. 
 
 Jones J P 
 
 Miler 
 
 Cornell University 
 
 Kaiser, F 
 Kiviat A R 
 
 Walker 
 
 Miler 
 
 New York A.C. 
 Irish-American A C 
 
 Kramer W. J 
 
 Distance 
 
 Long Island A C 
 
 Kelly F W 
 
 Marathon 
 
 Los Angeles A C 
 
 
 Sprinter 
 
 Oxford University 
 
 Lindberg, E. F 
 Lilley T H 
 
 400 meters 
 Marathon 
 
 Chicago A.A. 
 North Dorchester A -\ 
 
 Lippincott, D. F ...... 
 
 Sprinter 
 Miler 
 
 Univ. of Pennsylvania 
 Univ of Pennsylvania 
 
 McCurdy W M .... 
 
 Distance . . 
 
 Univ of Pennsylvania 
 
 Meyer Alvah .... 
 
 Sprinter 
 
 Irish-American A C 
 
 Mercer E. R 
 
 Jumper 
 
 Univ. of Pennsylvania 
 
 Meredith, J. E 
 Maguire H F ... 
 
 800 meters 
 Distance 
 
 Mercersburg Academy 
 Unattached 
 
 Murphy F D 
 
 Pole vault 
 
 Univ. of Illinois 
 
 McClure W 
 
 Miler 
 
 Univ of Oregon 
 
 Menaul, J. A 
 McDonald P. J 
 
 Decathlon 
 Shot . 
 
 Chicago A.A. 
 Irish-American A C 
 
 Mucks A M. . 
 
 Discus 
 
 Chicago A.A. 
 
 Muller E J 
 
 Discus * . 
 
 Irish-American A C. 
 
 McGrath M J 
 
 Hammer 
 
 Unattached 
 
 Nelson, F. T 
 
 Pole vault 
 
 Harvard Law School 
 
 Nicholson, J. P 
 Oler Jr., Wi M 
 
 Hurdler 
 High jump 
 
 Univ. of Missouri 
 New York A C. 
 
 Patterson N J 
 
 Miler 
 
 Chicago A A 
 
 Pritchard' E M 
 
 Hurdler 
 
 Irish-American A C 
 
 Piggott, R. F 
 Putnam H N 
 
 Marathon 
 800 meters 
 
 North Dorchester A.A. 
 Cornell University 
 
 Philbrook, G. W 
 Reidpath C D .... 
 
 Pentathlon 
 400 meters . . . . 
 
 Univ. of Notre Dame 
 New York A C. 
 
 Ryan, M. J 
 Richards, A. W 
 
 Marathon 
 High jump 
 
 Irish-American A.C. 
 Brigham Young Univ. 
 
 Reynolds, J. J. 
 Rose Ralph. 
 
 Marathon 
 Shot 
 
 Irish-American A.C. 
 Olympic Club 
 
 Renz, E 
 
 Walker 
 
 Mohawk A.C. 
 
 Rosenberger J M . 
 
 400 meters 
 
 Irish-American A C 
 
 Sheppard M W 
 
 800 meters . 
 
 Irish-American A.C. 
 
 Scott Efouis 
 
 Distance 
 
 South Paterson A.C. 
 
 SockaLexis, A 
 Sherman B. F 
 
 Marathon 
 Hammer 
 
 North Dorchester A.A. 
 Unattached 
 
 Smith, H. J 
 Strobino, G 
 
 Schwartz S. 
 
 Marathon 
 Marathon 
 Walker 
 
 Bronx Church House 
 South Paterson A.C. 
 Pastime A.C. 
 
 Thomas, R 
 
 Sprinter 
 
 Princeton University 
 
 Taber N S 
 
 Miler . 
 
 Brown University 
 
 Tewanima, Louis 
 Thorpe, J 
 Voellmeke, A 
 Wendell, J 
 
 Whitney L 
 
 Marathon 
 Decathlon 
 Walker 
 Hurdler 
 Shot 
 
 Carlisle School 
 Carlisle School 
 Pastime A.C. 
 New York A.C. 
 Boston A A 
 
 Wilson, Clement 
 Wikoff, G 
 
 Sprinter 
 
 Coe College 
 Ohio State University 
 
 Worthington H . 
 
 Broad jump .... . 
 
 Exeter Academy 
 
 Wright, M 
 Young, D. B 
 Ziegler, W 
 
 Pole vault 
 400 meters 
 Hammer 
 
 Dartmouth College 
 Boston A.A. 
 Oxford University 
 
^OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 George L, Horine, third in Running High Jump, 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 AQUATIC SPORTS. 
 
 95 
 
 Gaidzik, George W.... Fancy and high diving. Chicago A. A. 
 
 Hebner, Harry J Backstroke and relay.. Illinois A.C. 
 
 Huszagh, Kenneth 100 meter and relay... Chicago A. A. 
 
 Kahanamoku, Duke.... 100 meter and relay... Honolulu Surf Club 
 
 McAleenan, Arthur, Jr. Fancy and high diving. New York A.C. 
 
 McDermott, Michael... Breast stroke Chicago A. A. 
 
 McGillivray, Perry.... 100, 4oom. and relay.. Illinois A.C. 
 
 Nerich, Nicholas T.... 100, 4oom. and relay.. New York A.C. 
 
 Reilly, James H 400, isoom. and relay. New York A.C. 
 
 CYCLING. 
 Road race, round Lake Malar, 200 miles. 
 
 Meissner, F Western Michigan Cycling Club, Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 
 Kruschel, A Alma Athletic Club, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Pike, J Century Road Club of America, Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 Steinert, J Hicksville A.C., Hicksville, L. I. 
 
 Kopsky, J Morningside A.C., New York, N. Y. 
 
 Martin, W St. Louis C.C., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Loftes, A New York A.C., Providence, R. I. 
 
 Schutte, Carl St. Louis C.C., Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Becht, J Empire City Wheelmen, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 HORSE RIDING. 
 In charge of Lieutenant-Colonel F. S. Foltz. 
 
 Henry, Captain Guy V I3th Cavalry, U.S.A. 
 
 Lear, Jr., Lieutenant B 1 5th Cavalry, U.S.A. 
 
 Graham, Lieutenant E. F 1 5th Cavalry, U.S.A. 
 
 Montgomery, Lieutenant J. C 7th Cavalry, U.S.A. 
 
 REVOLVER AND PISTOL TEAM. 
 Dr. R. H. Sayre. ..Manhattan Revolver and Pistol Association, New York 
 
 J. A. Dietz Manhattan Revolver and Pistol Association, New York 
 
 A. P. Lane Manhattan Revolver and Pistol Association, New York 
 
 Hans Roedder Manhattan Revolver and Pistol Association, New York 
 
 Dr. H. E. Sears Beverly, Mass. 
 
 P. J. Dolfen Springfield Revolver Association, Springfield, Mass. 
 
 UNITED STATES RIFLEMEN. 
 
 Team Captains Lieutenant-Commander Harris Laning, United States 
 Navy; Lieutenant Albert S. Jones, Secretary National Rifle Association 
 of America. , 
 
 Team Adjutant Lieutenant-Colonel William Libbey, New Jersey 
 National Guard. 
 
 Team Surgeon Past Assistant Surgeon W. Neil McDonnell, United 
 States Navy. 
 
 TEAM. 
 
 Lieutenant C. T. Osburn United States Navy 
 
 Sergeant John E. Jackson Iowa National Guard 
 
 Captain Allan L. Briggs United States Army 
 
 Captain C. L. Burdette West Virginia National Guard 
 
 Sergeant Harry L. Adams United States Army 
 
 Captain Fred S. Hird Iowa National Guard 
 
 Hospital Steward Warren A. Sprout United States Navy 
 
 Ensign Harold T. Bartlett United States Navy 
 
 William F. Leushner Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Ed. L. Anderson Birmingham, Ala. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Hans Kolehmainen, Finland, winner of 5,000 Meters Race, 10,000 Meters 
 Race, 8,000 Meters Cross-Country Race, and winner of first 'heat of tiie 
 Team Race, 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 97 
 
 CLAY BIRD SHOOTING TEAM. 
 
 Charles W. Billings New York Athletic Club 
 
 Ralph L. Spotts New York Athletic Club 
 
 John H. Hendrickson Brooklyn 
 
 James R. Graham Chicago 
 
 Edward F. Gleason Boston Athletic Association 
 
 Frank Hall New York Athletic Club 
 
 Daniel F. McMahon New York Athletic Club 
 
 FENCING. 
 
 George H. Breed A. E. Sauer 
 
 A. V. Z. Post Dr. G. M. Hammond 
 
 Sherman Hall Lieut. Marc W. Larimer, U. S. N. 
 
 William Bowman Lieut. Harold M. Rayner, U.S.A. 
 
 J. McLoughlin James M. Moore 
 
 Dr. J. E. Gignoux Frederick Schenck 
 Dr. S. D. Breckinridge 
 
 FENCING MODERN PENTATHLON. 
 Lieutenant George Smith Patton, Jr. 
 
 TENNIS. 
 Theodore Roosevelt Pell. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, 
 
 SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Christopher W. Gitsham, South Africa, 
 second in Marathon Race, about to 
 break tape. His time was : 2h. 37m. 52s. 
 
 OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, 
 
 SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Gaston Strobino, America, crossing the 
 finish line in third position in the 
 Marathon Race. Time, 2h. 38m. 42 2-5s, 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 RECEPTIONS IN SWEDEN 
 
 American officials who have had the pleasure of meeting 
 Swedish officials and working with them for the betterment of 
 athletics, at Athens, Paris, St. Louis and London, became thor- 
 oughly convinced that the Swede was the ideal type of sports- 
 man, and sooner or later, that great nation, known so well 
 throughout the physical training world as one of the leaders, 
 would take up the competitive side of track and field athletics, 
 giving an account of themselves that would please all. From the 
 very beginning of international competition it was seen that the 
 Swedes and Yankees worked together. There existed a bond of 
 friendship that was sure to be lasting. We watched Swedish offi- 
 cials at these games take in everything, and also saw Swedish 
 athletes come to the games as novices, observe what was going 
 on, watch the performance of this champion and that, then go 
 home and train, become proficient, and come back and win 
 championships. 
 
 It was with great pleasure that we received the representa- 
 tive of their governing body when he visited this country and 
 we explained to him our system of training. He met our cham- 
 pions and became acquainted, because in athletics there is noth- 
 ing secret. There are no secret programmes. There is nothing 
 in athletics performed behind closed doors. The Swedes were 
 interested, and the result of their earnest -work in track and field 
 athletics was gratifying to them, I am sure, when you look at 
 the final score of the Fifth Olympiad. It was a well balanced 
 team. Of course, they lacked one or two stars that could shine 
 above all others, but athletic stars only come occasionally to a 
 country. Eventually, however, the country with the well bal- 
 anced team will surely win. 
 
 We knew of Sweden and had heard of Swedish hospitality 
 and their ways of doing things; so, when the announcement 
 was made that the Fifth Olympiad was to go to Stockholm, 
 Sweden, there was great j-oy throughout this land of ours, if 
 did not require very much talk on the oart of our chief on the 
 International Committee, Professor William M. Sloane, to start 
 the organization of and arrange for a campaign or trip to 
 bweden. They who best knew the Swedes naturally wanted to 
 RO as they felt confident there would await them a welcome 
 comes from friends to friends. Long will we 
 remember the reception we received when we steamed into the 
 harbor at Stockholm; it was a royal welcome, perhaps only 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1012. 
 
 Patrick J. McDonald, who won the Shot-Put competition, best hand, and fln- 
 'jshed second to Rose in the Shot-Put, both hands. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 101 
 
 excelled on two occasions, when our American team went to 
 Athens in 1896 and 1906. The Swedes equalled the standard of 
 hospitality set by the Greeks.. When the Finland came to anchor 
 at the dock, we were greeted by thousands of whole-souled 
 Swedish sportsmen. They sang to us and cheered, and our boys 
 returned the cheer, and then they sang their national hymn. As 
 soon as the gangplank was lowered, the Swedish Olympic Com- 
 mittee came aboard and welcomed the American team to their 
 shores and it was a welcome. From that moment, if there 
 existed any gates to Sweden, they were taken off and carefully 
 put away until the Americans had left the country. Everything 
 was open for us. 
 
 Of course, the Americans went on a mission. This mission 
 was to create' good feeling; to show the type of man this great 
 country of ours produces; to bring to them the type of sportsman 
 that comes from this glorious nation of ours, and to show the 
 world that we play the game fairly give and take, shake the 
 hands of the victors when they won, just as we expect them to 
 shake the hands of our men when we win, and to show there 
 was that good, wholesome fellow-feeling which made us know 
 that Baron de Coubertin's Olympic Idea had arrived, we would 
 have a meeting, go back to our homes with the best of feeling, 
 and know that at last the Olympic Games had developed into 
 an ideal peace conference. It would take a much larger book 
 than this to record the many acts of kindness and attention 
 paid to our athletes, officials and visitors by the Swedes, particu- 
 larly the Royal Family and Swedish Committee, who wished 
 us to feel that the city was open to us. It was a feeling that 
 impressed me deeply. The Royal Family endeared themselves 
 to the hearts of all of our party, and the great interest that His 
 Majesty the King and His Royal Highness the Crown. Prince 
 took in our athletes and their work was remarkable. They 
 appreciated the grand way the Americans .recognized Sweden 
 by coming to them in a style that no other nation has ever 
 attempted. It was a large and important expedition, meaning 
 much not only for our own country but for the entire world 
 and as we do things, athletically, so others will follow our lead. 
 That is the history of the Olympic Games. The interest .of the 
 Royal Family in them appealed greatly to us. The King, Crown 
 Prince, Queen and Princess rarely missed an important event. 
 They were at the Stadium for the stadium events ; at the swim- 
 ming pavilion and tennis contests, as well as the shooting and 
 foot ball, and, above all, were particularly prominent at the 
 opening and closing exercises of the Olympic Games held in 
 the Stadium. When Olympic Games can be held with pat- 
 ronage of that kind they are sure to be successful, and each 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Platt Adams, America, winner of Standing High Jump. Height, 5 ft. 4 1-5 in. 
 Also second in Standing Broad Jump. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 103 
 
 country that has held Olympic Games has set a standard in that i 
 respect that others must live up to, and the standard set by , 
 Sweden will be hard for other countries to maintain. 
 
 There was a social side to the Olympic Games, but it must be 
 said in credit to those in charge of the affairs that at no time 
 did the social side eclipse the athletic side. Of course, the social 
 end ef it in foreign countries is something to look forward to 
 and appreciate. It is something different to our own, and, in 
 order to give an idea of what was done for the athletes, visitors 
 and officials at the Fifth Olympiad, it is only necessary to here- 
 with publish the complete list of social functions: 
 
 Friday, June 28. Reception festivities at the Strand Hotel, 
 arranged by the Foot Ball Committee in honor of all those tak- 
 ing part in the Olympic foot ball competitions. 
 
 Sunday, June 30. The Foot Ball Committee's dinner for 
 honoratiores. 
 
 Wednesday, July 3. Dinner by Col. Robert M. Thompson, 
 President of the American Olympic Committee, on his yach't 
 Katrina, for the presidents of the International Olympic Com- 
 mittee and of the Olympic committees o-f the nations represented 
 at the games. 
 
 Thursday, July 4. Solemn opening of the meetings of the 
 International Olympic Committee at the Riksdag House. The 
 Swedish Olympic Committee's lunch at Hasselbacken for the 
 International Olympic Committee and ladies. Reception on board 
 the Finland by the American team to the representatives (ath- 
 letes and officials) of the nations represented at the games. 
 
 Friday, July 5. Col. V. G. Balck's dinner for the International 
 Olympic Committee. Farewell festivities at Hasselbacken, 
 arranged by the Shooting Committee. Reception festivities at 
 the Grand Hotel Royal, arranged by the Cycling Committee in 
 honor of the officials and honoratiores. 
 
 Saturday, July 6. H. M. the King's garden party at the pal- 
 ace, Logarden. Massed military concert in the Stadium, ar- 
 ranged by the Swedish Musicians' Association, in which ten 
 conductors and three hundred musicians took part. The com- 
 positions by Swedish composers alone. 
 
 m Sunday, July 7. Official dinner at the Grand Hotel Royal, 
 given by the Swedish Olympic Committee for officials and 
 honoratiores, and conclusion of evening at the Opera Terrace. 
 Display of Gotland popular sports and of the Icelandic Glima 
 in the Stadium. First representation given by the Folkdansens 
 Vanner Club (for the Promotion of Swedish National Dances) 
 at the Royal Opera. 
 
 Monday, July 8. Reception by His Excellency the Minister 
 for Foreign Affairs at the Hotel of the Minister for Foreign 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 105 
 
 Affairs. Farewell festivities at Hasselbacken, arranged by the 
 Cycling Committee for competitors and officials of the cycling 
 competition and for honoratiores. Second massed military con- 
 cert in the Stadium. 
 
 Tuesday, July 9. Concert in the Stadium. Dinner given by H. 
 R. H. the Crown Prince at his palace. Olympic festivities at 
 Skansen for competitors in the games. 
 
 Wednesday, July 10. Col. V G. Balck's reception. Banquet 
 given at Saltsjobaden by the Publicistklubben (Swedish Institute 
 of Journalists) for the representatives of the foreign press. Ath- 
 letic competitions in the Stadium for the crews of the foreign 
 men-of-war. 
 
 Thursday, July n. Dinner given by H. R. H. the Crown 
 Prince in his palace. Children's concert in the choir hall, 
 (Ostermalms Folkskola), arranged by the Swedish Choral So- 
 ciety. Dinner at Hasselbacken by the Fencing Committee. Gala 
 performance at the Royal Opera House. 
 
 Friday, July 12. Five-o'clock Tea, given by Baron Pierre de 
 Coubertin, President of the International Olympic Committee. 
 First concert by the Swedish Choral Society in the Choir Hall. 
 (Ostermalms Folkskola). Review of Swedish Boy Scouts in the 
 Stadium, including a concert by the boys' brass bands affiliated to 
 the Swedish Boy Scout Clubs ; signalling exercises, popular out- 
 door games, etc. 
 
 Saturday, July 13. Grand Choral Festival in the Stadium, 
 arranged by the Swedish Choral Society. Reception banquet at 
 Hasselbacken, given by the Committee on the Horse Riding 
 competitions. 
 
 Sunday, July 14. Dinner at Hasselbacken for the competitors 
 in the Modern Pentathlon. Second representation by the Folk- 
 dansens Vanner at the Royal Opera House. Second concert by 
 the Swedish Choral Society in the Choir Hall (Ostermalms 
 Folkskola). Farewell festivities in the Stadium in honor .of the 
 assembled athletes. After supper then singing by a, choir of 
 more than three thousand men, music, fireworks, etc. 
 
 Monday, July 15. Base ball game between the American team, 
 and Vesteras Basebollklubb at Ostermalms Idrottspalats. Aquatic 
 festival (illumination, etc.) at Djurgardsbrunnsviken, arranged 
 by the Stockholms Kappsimningsklubb (Stockholm Swimming 
 Club), the Swedish Amateur Swimming Association and the 
 Committee for the Barnens Dag (Children's Summer Holiday 
 Fund). 
 
 Tuesday, July 16. Dinner given by H. M. The King at the 
 Palace. Aquatic festival (illumination, etc.) at Djurgards- 
 brunnsviken, arranged by the Stockholms Kappsimningsklubb 
 (Stockholm Swimming Club), the Swedish Amateur Swimming 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Ben and Platt Adams, America, and C. Tsiclitiras, Greece, who finished first, 
 second and third in the Standing High Jump. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 107 
 
 Association and the Committee for the Barnens Dag (Children's 
 Summer Holiday Fund). 
 
 Wednesday, July 17. Officers' feast at Saltsjobaden, arranged 
 by the Committee on 'the Horse Riding competitions. Reception 
 festivities at Hasselbacken, arranged by the Rowing Committee. 
 Fireworks and illumination in the Stadium. 
 
 Thursday, July 18. Dinner given by H. R. H. Prince Wilhelm 
 at his palace. Subscription Ball at Hasselbacken, arranged by 
 Faltridtklubben (Stockholm Cross Country Riding Club). 
 
 Friday, July 19. The Royal Swedish Yachting Club's reception 
 festivities at Nynashamn. Farewell festivities of the Rowing 
 Committee. 
 
 Saturday, July 20. Dinner given at Nynashamn by O. Holter- 
 mann, Chamberlain to H. M. the King. 
 
 Saturday, July 27. H. R. H. Prince Wilhelm's garden party 
 for yachtsmen at his palace. Farewell banquet at Hasselbacken 
 given by the Kungl. Svenska Segel Sallskapet (Royal Swedish 
 Yachting Club). 
 
 Besides these very important functions, the President of the 
 American Olympic Committee, Col. Robert M. Thompson, ten- 
 dered to His Royal Highness the Crown Prince, Baron Pierre de 
 Coubertin, President of the International Olympic Committee, 
 and the representatives of Olympic Committees from foreign 
 countries in attendance at the games, an elaborate dinner aboard 
 his yacht, Katrina, in the harbor at Stockholm. There was 
 hardly an afternoon or evening while the Olympic Games were in 
 progress in which Col. Thompson was not the host at some social 
 event aboard his yacht, notably among which was a dinner to the 
 American newspaper correspondents and the members of the 
 American Olympic Committee in attendance at the games. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, 
 
 SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 C. C. Childs. America, -winner of third 
 place in ^lirowiiiir ILo Hummer. 
 
 OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, 
 
 SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 C. D. Bricker, Canada, second in 
 Running Broad Jump. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 109 
 
 OLYMPIC RECORDS 
 
 The measurements for Olympic events are made in meters. 
 A meter equals 39.37 inches. 
 
 100 METERS RUN. 
 
 (109 yards 13 inches.) 
 
 Olympic record 103-55.; Don F. Lippincott '(U-S.A.), Stockholm, 1912. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896, T. E. Burke (U.S.A.), i2S. 
 Paris, 1900, F. W. Jarvis (U.S.A.), 104-55. St. Louis, 1904, A. Hahn 
 (U.S.A.), us. Athens, 1906, A. Hahn (U.S.A.), n 1-55. London, 
 1908, R. E. Walker (South Africa), 104-55. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat C. Luther (Sweden), walkover. Second heat I. Moller (Swe- 
 den), i; P. Szalai (Hungary), 2; time, 11.53. Third heat J. Tra 
 Courtney (U.S.A.), i; I. Jankovich (Hungary), 2; time, n 1-58. 
 Fourth heat R. G. Rice (Great Britain), i ; R. Smedmark (Sweden), 
 2; time, 112-55. Fifth heat V. H. A. D'Arcy (Great Britain), i; 
 R. Povey (South Africa), 2; time, n 1-55. Sixth heat R. Rau (Ger- 
 many), i; Vi Racz (Hungary), 2; time, 11.53. Seventh heat W. 
 A. Stewart (Australia), i; J. Aelter (Belgium), 2; time, us. Eighth 
 heat K. Lindberg (Sweden), i; B. Vygoda (Bohemia), 2; time, n 3-53. 
 Ninth heat A. T. Meyer (U.S.A.), i; F. Giongo (Italy), 2; time, 
 11.35. Tenth heat D. H. Jacob (Great Britain), i; C. P. Wilson 
 (U.S.A.), 2; time, 104-53. Eleventh heat F. V. Belote (U.S.A.), i; 
 R. Mourlon (France), 2; time, us. Twelfth heat P. F. Gerhardt 
 (U.S.A.), i; F. L. Lukeman (Canada) 2; time, n.is. Thirteenth heat 
 J. A. Howard (Canada), i ; G. H. Patching (South Africa), 2; time, 
 us. Fourteenth heat A. E. Anderson (Great Britain), i; R. B. 
 Thomas (U.S.A.), 2; time, us. Fifteenth heat H. P. Drew (U.S.A.), 
 i; E. Kern (Germany), 2; time, us. Sixteenth heat D. F. Lippin- 
 cott (U.S.A.), i; W. R. Applegarth (Great Britain), 2; time, 103-55. 
 Seventeenth heat R. C. Craig (U.S.A.), i; F. Szobota (Hungary), 2; 
 time, ii 1-53. 
 
 WINNERS OF SEMI-FINAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat Drew (U.S.A.), time i.is. Second heat Patching (South 
 Africa), time 10.95. Third heat Meyer (U.S.A.), time 10.75. Fourth 
 heat Craig (U.S.A.), time 10.73. Fifth heat Lippincott (U.S.A.), 
 time 10.75. Sixth heat Belote (U.S.A.) time ix.is. 
 
 FINAL HEAT. 
 
 Craig (U.S.A.), i; Meyer (U.S.A.), 2; Lippincott (U.S.A.), 3; Patching 
 (South Africa), 4; Belote (U.S.A.), 5; time, 104-55. 
 
 110 METERS HURDLES. 
 
 (120 yards 10 7-10 inches.) 
 
 Olympic record 155.; Forrest C. Smithson (U.S.A.), London, 1908. 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896, T. P. Curtis (U.S.A.), 
 173-53. Paris, 1900, A. C. Kraenzlein (U.S.A.), 15255. St. Louis, 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 1-Hammer Throw-1, McGrath (U.S.A.); 2, Gillis (Canada); 3, Childs (U.S.A.). 
 2400 Meters Run-1, Lindberg (U.S.A.); 2, Reidpath (U.S.A.); 3. Braun (Ger- 
 many). 8 Javelin, right and left hand 1, Peltonen (Finland); 2, Saaristo (Fin- 
 land); 3. Siikaniemi (Finland). 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 1U 
 
 1904, F. W. Schule (U.S.A.), i6s. Athens, 1906, R. C. Leavitt 
 (U.S.A.), 16 i-ss. London, 1908, F. C. Smithson (U.S.A.), 155. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat G. H. Chisholm (U.S.A.), i; K. Solymar (Hungary), 2; time, 
 15.35. Second heat J. J. Eller (U.S.A.), i; G. R. L. Anderson 
 (Great Britain), 2; time, i6s. Third heat M. W. Hawkins (U.S.A.), 
 i; G. I. Andre (France), 2; time, i6.is. Fourth heat F. R. Bie 
 (Norway), i; W. Wickholm (Finland), 2; time, 161-53. Fifth heat 
 P. Eitel (Chili), walkover. Sixth heat M. F. L. Delaby (France), i; 
 V. S. Blanchard (U.S.A.), 2; time, i6s. Seventh heat E. M. Pritch- 
 ard (U.S.A.), i ; H. E. H. Blakeney (Great Britain), 2; time, 162-55. 
 Eighth heat J. P. Nicholson (U.S.A.), i; D. Colbachini (Italy), 2; 
 lime, i6s. Ninth heat F. W. Kelly (U.S.A.), walkover, time, 162-58. 
 Tenth heat J. R. Case (U.S.A.), i; H. von Bonninghausen (Ger- 
 many), 2; time, 16.35. Eleventh heat K. Powell (Great Britain), i; 
 J. Wendell (U.S.A.), 2; time, 15 3-53. 
 
 WINNERS OF SEMI-FINAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat Powell, Great Britain, 15 3-55. Second heat Hawkins (U.S.A.), 
 15.75. Third heat Nicholson (U.S.A.), 15 2-55. Fourth heat Wen- 
 dell (U.S.'A.), 15.52. Fifth heat Kelly (U.S.A.), 15 3"5S. Sixth 
 heat Case (U.S.A.), 15 3-55. 
 
 FINAL HEAT. 
 
 Kelly (U.S.A.), i; Wendell (U.S.A.), 2; Hawkins (U.S.A.), 3; Case 
 (U.S.A.), 4; Anderson (Great Britain), 5; Nicholson (U.S.A.), fell; 
 time, 15.15. 
 
 200 METERS RUN. 
 
 (218 yards 26 inches.) 
 
 Olympic record 21 3-58.; A. Hahn (U.S.A.), St. Louis, 1904. 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896; no race at this distance. 
 Paris, 1900, J. W. B. Tewkesbury (U.S.A.), 22 1-55. St. Louis, 1904, 
 A. Hahn (U.S.A.), 21 3-55. Athens, 1906; no race at this distance. 
 London, 1908, R. Kerr (Canada), 22 3-53. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat C. D. Reidpath (U.S.A.), i; G. J. B. Rolot (France), 2; time, 
 223-53. Second heat R. C. Craig (U.S.A.), i; R. G. Rice (Great 
 Britain), 2; time, 224-55. Third heat J. Ira Courtney (U.S.A.), i; 
 D. Macmillan (Great Britain), 2; time, 22.75. Fourth heat C. Luther 
 (Sweden), i; J. Grijseels, Jr. (Holland), 2; time, 233-55. Fifth heat 
 W. R. Applegarth (Great Britain), i; H. W. Heiland (U.S.A.), 2; 
 time, 24.73. Sixth heat R. Rau (Germany), i; A. Anderson (Great 
 Britain), 2; time, 22.55. Seventh heat C. L: Cooke (U.S.A.), i; R. 
 Povey (South Africa), 2; time, 22 1-55. Eighth heat J. A. Howard 
 (Canada), i; F. Giongo (Italy), 2; time, 255. Ninth heat K. Lind- 
 berg (Sweden), i; F. Mezei (Hungary), 2; time, 23.15. Tenth heat 
 P. C. Gerhardt (U.S.A.), i; V. H. A. D'Arcy (Great Britain), 2; 
 time, 22.95. Eleventh heat D. F. Lippincott (U.S.A.), i; I. Mo'ller 
 Sweden), 2; time, 224-55. Twelfth heat A. T. Meyer (U.S.A.), i; 
 R. C. Duncan (Great Britain), 2; time, 24.15. Thirteenth heat D. & 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 A R Taipale, Finland: E. Niklander, Finland, and Magnnsson. Sweden, vvho 
 fr.iishcd first, second and third iu Throwing the Discus, both h.-mds. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 WINNERS OF SEMI-FINAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat Craig (U.S.A.), time 21.95. Second heat Applegarth (Great 
 Britain), time 21.93. Third heat Young (U.S.A.), time 21.93. Fourth 
 heat Lippincott (U.S.A.), time 21. 8s. Fifth heat Rau (Germany), 
 time 22. is. Sixth heat Reidpath (U.S.A.), time 22.15. 
 
 FINAL HEAT. 
 
 Craig (U.S.A.), i; Lippincott (U.S.A.), 2; Applegarth (Great Britain), 3; 
 time, 21.75. 
 
 400 METERS RUN. 
 
 (437 yards 16 inches.) 
 
 Olympic record 48 1-55.; C. D. Reidpath (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912. 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896, T. E. Burke (U.S.A.), 
 54 1-55. Paris, 1900, M. W. Long (U.S.A.), 49 2-53. St. Louis, 1904, 
 H. L. Hillman (U.S.A.), 49 1-55. Athens, 1906, P. H. Pilgrim 
 (U.S.A.), 53 1-53. London, 1908, W. Halswelle (Great Britain), $os. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat J. M. Rosenberger (U.S.A.), i ; C. A. C. Poulenard (Francs), 
 2; time, 503-5S. Second heat E. W. Haley (Great Britain), i; M. 
 W. Sheppard (U.S.A.), 2; time, 663-55. Third heat H. Braun (Ger- 
 many) i; J. E. Meredith (U.S.A.), 2; time, 503-55. Fourth heat 
 P. Zerling (Sweden), i; Y. Mishima (Japan), 2; time, 552-55. Fifth 
 heat C. L. Lelong (France), i; D. B. Young (U.S.A.), 2; time, 
 501-55. Sixth heat K. Stenborg (Sweden), i; walkover. Seventh 
 heat C. B. Haff (U.S.A.), i; E. Lunghi (Italy), 2; time, 502-55. 
 Eighth heat F. Mezei (Hungary), i; J. Dahlin (Sweden), 2; time, 
 504-55. Ninth heat E. Lindholm (Sweden), i; J. Pedersen (Nor- 
 way), 2; time, 51.43. Tenth heat E. F. J. Lindberg (U.S.A.), i; J. 
 T. Soutter (Great Britain), 2; time, 503-58. Eleventh heat C. S. 
 Edmundson (U.S.A.), i ; E. J. Henley (Great Britain), 2; time, 50 1-55. 
 Twelfth heat G. Nicol (Great Britain), i ; I. N. Davenport (U.S.A.), 
 2; time, 505. Thirteenth heat J. Person (Germany), i; J. A. Wells 
 (Great Britain), 2; time, 55 3-53. Fourteenth heat C. N. Seedhouse 
 (Great Britain), i; A. Pedersen (Norway), 2; time, 51.55. Fifteenth 
 heat G. H. Patching (South Africa), i ; C. D, Reidpath (U.S.A.), 2; 
 time, 5 1. is. 
 
 WINNERS OF SEMI-FINAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat Reidpath (U.S.A.), time, 48.75. Second heat Lindberg 
 (U.S.A.), time, 48.95. Third heat Meredith (U.S.A.), time, 48.85. 
 Fourth heat Haff (U.S.A.), time, 49.78. Fifth heat Braun (Ger- 
 many), time, 49.25. 
 
 FINAL HEAT. 
 
 Reidpath (U.S.A.), i; Braun (Germany), 2; Lindberg (U.S.A.), 3; Mere- 
 dith (U.S.A.), 4; Haff (U.S.A.), 5; time, 481-55. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 George IT. Gnulding, Canada, and Ernest J. Webb, Great Britain, first and 
 
 second in 1I:e 10. <!():> Meters Walk. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. US 
 
 800 METERS RUN. 
 
 (874 yards 32 inches.) 
 
 Olympic record im. 51.95.; J. E. Meredith (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896, E. H. Flack (Great Brit- 
 ain), 2m. us. Paris, 1900, A. E. Tysoe (Great Britain), 2m. 12-55. 
 St. Louis, 1904, J. I). Lightbody (U.S.A.), im. 565. Athens, 1906 
 P. H. Pilgrim (U.S.A.), 2m. i 1-55. London, 1908, M. W. Sheppard 
 (U.S.A.), im. 52 4-55. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat D. N. Caldwell (U.S.A.), i; E. Lunghi (Italy), 2; time, im. 
 583-55. Second heat P. E. Mann (Great Britain), i; H. N. Putnam 
 (U.S.A.), 2; time, im. 565. Third heat J. P. Jones (U.S.A.), i; A. 
 Z. Cortesao (Portugal), 2; time, 2m. i 4-55. Fourth heat C. S. 
 Edmundson (U.S.A.), i; J. L. Tait (Canada), 2; time, im. 56.55. Fifth 
 heat I. N. Davenport (U.S.A.), i; F. H. Hulford (Great Britain), 2; 
 time, im. 595. Sixth heat H. W. Holden (U.S.A.), i; E. Bjorn 
 (Sweden), 2; time, im. 58.15. Seventh heat J. T. Soutter (Great 
 Britain), i; M. W. Sheppard (U.S.A.), 2; time, 2m. 2-53. Eighth 
 heat G. M. Brock (Canada), i; J. E. Meredith (U.S.A.), 2; time, 
 im. 575. Ninth heat E. J. Henley (Great Britain), i; H. Braun (Ger- 
 many), 2; time, im. 57 3-55. 
 
 WINNERS OF SEMI-FIN.AL HEATS. 
 
 First heat Meredith (U.S.A.), i; Braun (Germany), 2; Sheppard (U.S.A.), 
 3; Putnam (U.S.A.), 4; time, im. 542-55. Second heat Brock (Can- 
 ada), i; Edmundson (U.S.A.), 2;* Caldwell (U.S.A.), 3; Davenport 
 (U.S.A.), 4; time, im. 55 7-105. 
 
 FINAL HEAT. 
 Meredith (U.S.A.), i; Sheppard (U.S.A.), 2; Davenport (U.S.A.), 3; time, 
 
 im. 51.95. 
 
 Meredith continued running to a mark at 880 yards, the time for the 
 latter distance being im. 52 1-23. 
 
 1500 METERS RUN. 
 
 (1,640 yards 15 inches.) 
 
 Olympic record 3m. 564-55.; A. N. S. Jackson (Great Britain), Stock- 
 holm, 1912. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896 E. H. Flack (Great Brit- 
 ain), 4m. 33 1-55. Paris, 1900, C. Bennett (Great Britian), 4m. 6s. 
 St. Louis, 1904, J. D. Lightbody (U.S.A.), 4m. 5 2-55. Athens, 1906, 
 J. D. Lightbody (U.S.A.), 4m. 125. London, 1908, M. W. Sheppard 
 (U.S.A.), 4 m. 3 2-ss. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat M. W. Sheppard (U.S.A.), i; L. C. Madeira (U.S.A.), 2; 
 time, 4m. 27.65. Second heat N. S. Taber (U.S.A.), i ; P. J. Baker 
 (Great Britain), 2; time, 4m. 25.55. Third heat A. R. Kiviat 
 (U.S.A.), i; H. Arnaud (France), 2; time, 4m. 42-55. Fourth heat 
 A. N. S. Jackson (Great Britain), i; J. P. Jones (U.S.A.), 2; time. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 E. Lemming, Sweden, winner of Throwing- the Javelin, best hand. Distance, 
 198ft. 11 3-8in. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 117 
 
 4m. 104-55. Fifth heat J. Zander (Sweden), i; E. Bjorn (Sweden), 2; 
 time, 4m. 5.53. Sixth heat E. von Siegel (Germany), i; O. F. Hed- 
 lund (U.S.A.), 2; time, 4m. 9.35. Seventh heat E. Wide (Sweden;, i; 
 W. McClure (U.S.A.), 2; time. 4 m. 6s. 
 
 FINAL HEAT. 
 
 Jackson (Great Britain), i; Kiviat (U.S.A.), 2; Taber (U.S.A.), 3; Jones 
 (U.S.A.), 4; time, 3m. 564-55. 
 
 5000 METERS RUN. 
 
 (3.10685 miles.) 
 
 Olympic record 1401. 36 3-55.; H. Kolehmaineii (Finland), Stockholm, 
 1912. Stockholm Olympiad was the first to have. a race at this distance. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat G. V. Bonhag (U.S.A.), i; A. Decoteau (Canada), 2; F. N. 
 Hibbins (Great Britain), 3; time, 15111. 22 3-55. Second heat H. L. 
 Scott (U.S.A.), i; J. Keeper (Canada), 2; G. W. Hutson (Great 
 Britain), 3; time, ism. 23.55. Third heat M. Carlsson (Sweden), i; 
 E. Glover (Great Britain), 2; C. H. A. Porter (Great Britain), 3; 
 time, ism. 343-55. Fourth heat H. Kolehmainen (Finland), i; H. 
 Nordstrom (Sweden), 2; T. L. Berna (U.S.A.), 3; time, ism. 38.98. 
 Fifth heat J. Bouin (France), i; T. Ohlsson (Sweden), 2; F. W. 
 Johansson (Finland), 3; time, ism. 53. 
 
 FINAL HEAT. 
 
 Kolehmainen (Finland), i; Bouin (France), 2; Hutson (Great Britain), 3; 
 Bonhag (U.S.A.), 4; Berna (U.S.A.), 5; time, 14111. 363-58. 
 
 10,000 METERS. 
 
 (6.21370 miles.) 
 
 Olympic record 3im. 204-55.; H. Kolehmainen (Finland), Stockholm, 
 1912. Stockholm Olympiad was the first to hold a race at this distance. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat H. Kolehmainen (Finland), i; J. Keeper (Canada), 2; G. 
 Heuet (France), 3; J. Eke (Sweden), 4; E. Glover (Great Britain), 5; 
 time, 33m. 495. Second heat L. Richardson (South Africa), i; L. 
 Tewanima (U.S.A.), 2; M. Carlsson (Sweden), 3; A. Stenroos (Fin- 
 land), 4; A. Orlando (Italy), 5; time, 32m. 30.35. Third heat T. 
 Kolehmainen (Finland), i; W. Scott (Great Britain), 2; H. L. Scott 
 (U.S.A.), 3; M. Persson (Sweden), 4; II. F. Maguire (U.S.A.), 5; 
 time, 32m. 47 4-55. 
 
 FINAL HEAT. 
 
 H. Kolehmainen (Finland), i; Tewanima (U.S.A.), 2; Stenroos (Swe- 
 den), 3; Keeper (Canada), 4; Orlando (Italy), 5; time, aim. 204-53. 
 
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SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 119 
 
 RELAY RACES. 
 
 In the 400 meters relay each team was restricted to four runners, each 
 of whom was to run 100 meters, carrying in his hand a baton which had 
 to be passed to the runner relieving him on the mark. The baton could be 
 passed within a space of 10 meters on either side of the 100 meters mark. 
 The teams from the United States and Germany were disqualified because 
 the officials reported that the baton was passed outside the 10 meter 
 boundary. 
 
 400 METERS RELAY. 
 
 (437 yards 16 inches.) 
 
 Teams of four men, each man to run 100 meters. 
 
 Olympic record 42.35.; German team (E. Kern, M. Hermann, R. Rau and 
 K. Halt). Stockholm Olympiad was the first to have a race at this 
 distance. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 TEAMS. 
 
 United States C. P. Wilson, F. V. Belote, J. I. Courtney and C. L. 
 Cooke. 
 
 Great Britain W. R. Applegarth, V. H. A. D'Arcy, H. M. Macintosh, 
 and D. H. Jacobs. 
 
 Canada F. D. McConnell, J. A. Howard, H. B. Beasley and F. L. 
 Lukeman. 
 
 Sweden K. Lindberg, I. Moller, C. Luther and T. Persson. 
 
 Germany E. Kern, M. Hermann, R. Rau and K. Halt. 
 
 Austria G. Krojer, R. Rauch, F. Weinzinger and F. Fleischer. 
 
 France P. Failliot, G. J. B. Rolot, R. Mourlon and C. L. Lelong. 
 
 Hungary I. Jankovich, F. Szobota, V. Racz and P. Szalai. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat Canada, walkover, 46 1-53. Second heat United States, walk- 
 over, 43. 78. Third heat Great Britain, walkover, 453. Fourth heat 
 Sweden, walkover, 43.63. Fifth heat Germany defeated Austria, 
 43.65. Sixth heat Hungary defeated France, 43.7. 
 
 WINNERS OF SEMI-FINAL HEATS. 
 First heat Great Britain, 435. Second heat Germany defeated Canada, 
 
 42.35. Third heat Sweden defeated Hungary, 42.55. 
 
 United States team finished first in first heat, but was disqualified for 
 passing baton outside of bounds. 
 
 FINAL HEAT. 
 Great Britain, i; Sweden, 2; time, 422-55. 
 
 German team finished second, but was disqualified for passing the baton 
 outside of bounds. 
 
 1600 METERS RELAY. 
 
 (1749.7776 yards.) 
 Teams of four men, each man to run 400 meters. 
 
 Olympic record 3m. 163-55.; United States team (J. E. Meredith, M. W. 
 
 Sheppard, E. F. Lindberg and C. D. Reidpath). 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1906; Paris, 1900; St. Louis, 
 
 1904; no relay race on programme. London, 1906, United States team 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 
 Duke Kahanamokii, winner of the 100 Meters Swim, after being crowned by 
 His Majesty King Gustave V. of Sweden. 
 
STANDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 121 
 
 (W. F. Hamilton, N. J. Cartmell, J. B. Taylor and M. W. Sheppanl), 
 two men running 200 meters, one 400 meters and one 800 meters, 
 3m. 27 i-ss. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 TEAMS. 
 
 Canada G. M. Brock, J. L. Tait, J. A. Howard and F. H. Gallon. 
 
 Great Britain J. T. Soutter, C. N. Seedhouse, G. Nicol and E. J. 
 Henley. 
 
 United States J. E. Meredith, M. W. Sheppard, E. F. Lindberg and 
 C. D. Reidpath. 
 
 Germany H. Braun, M. Herrmann, E. Lehmann and H. Burkowitz. 
 
 France C. O. C. Pouleriard, P. Falliot, C. L. Lelong and R. Schurrer. 
 
 Sweden J. Dahlin, K. Stenborg, E. Lindholm and P. Zerling. 
 
 Hungary I. Devan, F. Mezei, E. Szerelemhegyi and O. Bodor. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat Great Britain defeated Canada, 3m. 195. Second heat United 
 States defeated Germany, 3m. 23.35. Third heat France, i ; Sweden, 
 2; Hungary, 3; time, 3m. 22.55. 
 
 FINAL HEAT. 
 United States, i; France, 2; Great Britain, 3; time, 3m. 163-55. 
 
 3000 METERS TEAM RACE. 
 
 (3280.833 yards.) 
 
 Olympic record 8m. 36 4-55. ; H. Kolehmainen (Finland team H. Koleh- 
 mainen, E. Harju, F. W. Johansson, A. Lindholm and A. Stenross). 
 Stockholm Olympiad was the first to have a race at this distance. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 TEAMS. 
 
 United States G. V. Bonhag, T. S. Berna, A. R. Kiviat, H. L. Scott 
 and N. S. Taber. 
 
 Finland H. Kolehmainen, E. Harju, F. W. Joha/isson, A. Lindholm and 
 A. Stenroos. 
 
 Germany G. Mickler, G. Amberger, E. von Siegel, J. Person and G. 
 Vietz. 
 
 Sweden B. Fock, N. Frykberg, E. Wide, T. Ohlsson and J. Zander. 
 Great Britain C. H. A. Porter, E. Owen, G. W. Hutson, W. Cottrell 
 and W. C. Moore. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat United States first, 9 points; Finland second, 12 points. Sec- 
 ond heat Sweden first, 9 points; Germany second, 12 points. Third 
 heat Great Britain first, walkover. 
 
 FINAL HEAT. 
 
 United States first (Berna i, Taber 3, Bonhag 5), 9 points; Sweden second 
 (Ohlsson 2, Wide 4, Fock 7), 13 points; Great Britain third (Cott- 
 rell 6, Hutson 8, Moore 9), 23 points. Time, 8m. 443-53. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, 
 
 SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Andrew Sockalexis, America, finish- 
 ing fourth in Marathon Race. 
 
 OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, 
 
 SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 S. Jacobson. Sweden, who finished 
 sixth in Marathon Race. His time, 
 2h. 43m. 24 9-10s. 
 
SI'ALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 123 
 
 CROSS-COUNTRY RACE. 
 
 (About 8,000 meters.-) 
 
 An Olympic record cannot be considered, as the number of obstacles and 
 their height has been different in every race. 
 
 The cross-country race at Stockholm, 1912, was the first race of this 
 kind on any Olympiad programme. The race was both individual and team. 
 
 STOCKHOLM .OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 1. H. Kolehmainen, Finland 45m. n 3-55. 
 
 2. H. Andersen, Sweden 45m. 44 4-55. 
 
 3. J. Eke, Sweden 46m. 37 3-58. 
 
 4. J. Eskola, Finland 46m. 54 4-55. 
 
 5. J. Ternstrom, Sweden 47m. oo./s. 
 
 6. A. Stenroos, Finland 47m. 23 2-53. 
 
 7. J. W. Kyronen, Finland 47m. 325. 
 
 8. L. Richardson, South Africa. 47m. 33.55. 
 
 9. B. Larsson, Sweden 47m. 37 2-55. 
 
 i o. J. Sundqvist, Sweden 47m. 403. 
 
 11. F. W. Johansson, Finland 48m. 35. 
 
 12. H. H. Hellawell, U.S.A 4 8m. 125. 
 
 13. K. Lundstrom, Sweden 48m. 45 2-55. 
 
 14. L. Christiansen, Denmark 49m. 6 2-55. 
 
 1 5. F. N. Hibbins, Great Britain 49m. 18 1-55. 
 
 1 6. E. Glover, Great Britain 49m. 53.78. 
 
 1 7. B. Fock, Sweden 5om. 1 5 4-55. 
 
 1 8. T. Humphreys, Great Britain 5om. 285. 
 
 19. O. Hovdenak, Norway 5om. 40 4-53. 
 
 20. P. Finnerud, Norway 5im. 16 1-55. 
 
 21. G. Carl<n, Sweden 5im. 26 4-53. 
 
 22. J. Andersen, Norway Sim. 47 2-55. 
 
 23. V. Pedersen, Denmark 53m. oo 4-55. 
 
 24. H. L. Scott, U.S.A 53m. 512-55. 
 
 25. W. Heikkila, Finland 54m. 8s. 
 
 TEAM SCORE. 
 
 Sweden (2 3 5) first, 10 points; Finland (i 4 6) second, ir points; 
 Great Britain (15. 16 18) third, 49 points. 
 
 10,000 METERS WALK. 
 
 (6.21370 miles.) 
 
 Olympic record 46m. 282-55.; G. H. Goulding (Canada), Stockholm, 1912. 
 The only Olympiad at which a walk was held at this distance. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First Heat. 
 
 1. G. H. Goulding, Canada 47m. 141-25. 
 
 2. E. J. Webb, Great Britain 47m. 25 2-53. 
 
 3. A. Rasmussen, Denmark 48m. 1 5 4-55. 
 
 4. F. Altimani, Italy 48m. 54 1-55. 
 
 5. W. J. Palmer, Great Britain Sim. 2is. 
 
Sl'ALDIXG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 125 
 
 Second Heat. 
 
 T. W. G. Yates, Great Britain 49m. 43 3-55. 
 
 8, A. C. C. St. Norman, South Africa 5om. 17.95. 
 
 3. T. H. Dumbill, Great Britain som. 57 3'5S- 
 
 'i \' E. Gylke, Denmark Sim. 13 4-55. 
 
 5. F. H. Kaiser, U.S. A Sim. 31 4-SS. 
 
 FINAL HEAT. 
 
 i G. H. Goulding, Canada 46m. 28 2-55. 
 
 2. E. T. Webb, Great Britain 46m. 50 2-53. 
 
 3. F. Altimani, Italy 47m. 37 3'5S. 
 
 4. A. Rasmussen, Denmark 48m. 
 
 Only four men finished. 
 
 RUNNING HIGH JUMP. 
 
 Olympic record 6ft. 3-98in.; A. W. Richards (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912. 
 
 U' inner s at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896, E. W. Clark (U.S.A.), 5 ft. 
 ii i-4in. Paris, 1900, I. K. Baxter (U.S.A.), 6ft. 24-5111. St. Louis, 
 1904, S. S. Jones (U.S.A.), sft. nin. Athens, 1906, C. Leahy (Great 
 Britain), sft. 9 7-8111. London, 1908, H. F. Porter (U.S.A.), 6ft. 3in. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 This event was held in heats, competitors clearing 183 centimeters (6 feet 
 i -jo inch) qualifying for the final. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 Richards (U.S.A.), first, 6ft. 3-98in.; Leische (Germany), second, 6ft. 
 3.i9in.; Horine (U.S.A.), third, 6ft. 2 2-sin.; Thorpe (U.S.A.), fourth, 
 :lt (U.S.A.) and Erickson (U.S.A.), tied for fifth, 
 
 6ft. iin.; Grumpe 
 6ft. i- 
 
 STANDING HIGH JUMP. 
 
 Olympic record sft. sin.; Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), Paris, 1900. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896; event not on programme. 
 
 Paris, 1900, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), sft. sin. St. Louis, 1904, Ray C. 
 
 Ewry (U.S.A.), 4ft. nin. Athens, 1906, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), sft. 
 
 i s-8in. London, 1908, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), sft. 2in. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 This event was held in heats, competitors clearing 150 centimeters (4 feet 
 ii 1-20 inches) qualifying for the final. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 P. Adams (U.S.A.), first, sft. 41-51".; B. W. Adams (U.S.A.), second, 
 5ft. 3in. ; C. Tsiclitiras (Greece), third, sft. iin. ; L. Goehring (U.S.A.), 
 R. L. Byrd (U.S.A.) and E. Moller (Sweden), tied for fourth, 4 ft. 
 
 RUNNING BROAD JUMP. 
 
 Olympic record 24ft. n i-sin; A. L. Gutterson (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912. 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896, E. W. Clark (U.S.A.), 2oft. 
 
 9 3*4in. Paris, 1900, A. C. Kraeiizlein (U.S.A.), 23ft. 6 7-Sin. St. 
 
 Louis, 1904, M. Prinstein (U.S.A.), 24ft. iin. Athens, 1906, M. Prin- 
 
 stein (U.S.A.), 23ft. 7 i-2in. London, 1908, F. C. Irons (U.S.A.); 
 
 24ft. 6 i-2in. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 127 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 This competition was held in heats, the three men having the best jumps 
 of all the competitors qualifying for the final. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 A. L. Gutterson (U.S.A.), first, 24ft. n i-sin.; C. D. Bricker (Canada), 
 second, 23ft. Sin. ; G. Aberg (Sweden), third, 23ft. 63-45.; H. T. 
 Worthington (U.S.A.), fourth, 2 3 ft. 6 3 -8in.; E. L. Mercer (U.S.A.), 
 fifth, 22ft. io4-ioin.; F. H. Allen (U.S.A.), sixth, 22ft. 92-10111.; 
 James Thorpe (U.S.A.), seventh, 22ft. 7i-4in.; R. Paseman (Ger- 
 many), eighth, 22ft. 4i-2in.; F. C. Irons (U.S.A.), ninth, 22ft. 
 37-ioin.; R. F. Bie (Norway), tenth, 22ft. i 3-4in. ; S. S. Abrahams 
 (Great Britain), eleventh, 22ft. n-2oin.; E. L. Farrell (U.S.A.), 
 twelfth, 22ft. 3-2oin. 
 
 STANDING BROAD JUMP. 
 
 Olympic record lift. 4 7-8in.; Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), St. Louis, 1904. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896; event not on programme. 
 Paris, 1900, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), toft. 6 2-sin. St. Louis, 1904, Ray 
 C. Ewry (U.S.A.), uft. 4 7-8in. Athens, 1906, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), 
 loft. loin. London, 1908, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), loft, n i-4in. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 This event was held in heats, the three men of all the competitors having 
 the best jumps qualifying for the final. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 C. Tsiclitiras (Greece), first, uft. i-4in.; Platt Adams (U.S.A.), second, 
 uft. 2-sin, ; B. W. Adams (U.S.A.), third, loft. 9 i-sin.; G. Malmsten 
 (Sweden), fourth, loft. 6in.; L. Goehring (U.S.A.) and E. Moller 
 (Sweden), tied for fifth, loft. 3 3-sin.; A. Baronyi (Hungary), sev- 
 enth, loft. 3 i-sin.; R. L. Byrd (U.S.A.), eighth, loft. 24-5111.; F. 
 Fletcher (U.S.A.), ninth, loft. 29-2oin.; A. Motte (France), tenth, 
 loft. 2i-2oin.; S. Ljunggren (Sweden), eleventh, loft, i i3-2oin.; B. 
 Brodtkorb (Norway), twelfth, loft. i-2oin. 
 
 RUNNING HOP, STEP AND JUMP. 
 
 Olympic record 48ft. n i-4in. ; T. J. Ahearne (Great Britain), London, 
 
 1908. 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896, J. B. Connolly (U.S.A.), 
 
 45ft. Paris, 1900, M. Prinstein (U.S.A.), 47ft. 4 i-4in. St. Louis, 
 
 1904, M. Prinstein (U.S.A.), 47ft. London, 1908, T. J. Ahearne (Great 
 
 Britain), 48ft. n i-4in. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 This event was held in heats, the three men having the best jump of all 
 the competitors qualifying for final. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 G. Lindblom (Sweden), first, 48ft. sin.; G. Aberg (Sweden), second, 47ft. 
 7in.; E. Almloff (Sweden), third, 46ft. 6in.; E. Winne (Norway), 
 fourth, 46ft. 47-ioin.; P. Adams (U.S.A.), fifth, 46ft. 2 7-ioin.; E. 
 Larsen (Norway), sixth, 46ft. i n-2oin.; H. Ohjsson (Sweden), sev- 
 enth, 4sft. ii n-2oin.; N. Fixdal (Norway), eighth, 4$ft. gin.; C. 
 
SPALBING'S ATHLKTH' LIBRARY. 129 
 
 Brickley (U.S.A.;, ninth, 45ft. 6 9-2oin.; G. Norden (Sweden), tenth, 
 45ft. 37-ioin.; J. Halme (Finland), eleventh, 45ft. ^g-ioin.; I. Lind- 
 holm (Sweden), twelfth, 45ft. ig-2oin. 
 
 POLE VAULT. 
 
 Olympic record i2ft. n i-2in.; H. S. Babcock (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896, Hoyt (U.S.A.), loft. 9 3-4111. 
 Paris, 1900, I. K. Baxter (U.S.A.), io,ft. 9-9in. St. Louis, 1904, C. E. 
 Dvorak (U.S.A.), nft. 6in. Athens, 1906, Gouder (France), lift. 6in. 
 London, 1908, A. C. Gilbert and E. T. Cooke (U.S.A.), i2ft. 2in. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 This event was held in heats, competitors clearing 365 centimeters (u 
 feet 1 1 3-4 inches) qualifying for the finaf! 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 H. S. Babcock (U.S.A.), first, i2ft. n i-2in.; F. T. Nelson (U.S.A.) and 
 M. S. Wright (U.S.A.), tied for second, i2ft. 7 i-2in.; B. Uggla (Swe- 
 den), F. D. Murphy (U.S.A.) and W. Happenny (Canada), tied for 
 third, i2ft. s.6in.; S. H. Bellah (U.S.A.), fourth, i2ft. 3.6in.; G. B. 
 Dukes (U.S.A.), F. J. Coyle (U.S.A.) and W. H. Fritz (U.S.A.), tied 
 for fifth, lift. ii3-4in.; R. Paseman (Germany), sixth, lift, i.gin. 
 
 THROWING JAVELIN HELD IN MIDDLE. 
 Best Hand. 
 
 Olympic record 2ooft. i n-2oin., J. J. Saaristo (Finland), Stockholm, 1912. 
 ll'inners at Previous Olympiads London, 1908, E. V. Lemming (Sweden), 
 i79ft. 10 i-i2in. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 This event was held in heats, or groups, the three men with the best 
 throws of all the competitors qualifying for final. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 E. Lemming (Sweden), won, i98ft. 113-8111.; J. J. Saaristo (Finland), 
 second, igzit. 59-2oin.; M. Kovacs (Hungary), third, i82ft. iin.; J. 
 Halme (Finland), fourth, i79ft. 3.57111.; R. Abrink (Sweden), fifth, 
 i72ft. . i6in. : F. Siikaniemi (Finland), sixth, 171 ft. 3.11 in.; A. Halse 
 (Sweden), seventh, i7oft. 6.45iii.; J. Myyra (Finland), eighth, i68ft. 
 4.86in.; V. Peltonen (Finland), ninth, i6ift. sin.; O. Nilsson (Swe- 
 den), tenth, i6ift. 4.2iin. ; H. Sonne (Sweden), eleventh, is6ft. 
 u.Ssin. ; D. W. Johanson (Norway), twelfth, is6ft. 2.4oin. 
 
 THROWING JAVELIN HELD IN MIDDLE. 
 Right arfd Left Hand. 
 
 Olympic record 3s8ft. n.86in.; J. T. Saaristo (Finland), Stockholm, 1912. 
 Stockholm, 1912, was the first Olympiad to hold this event. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 This event was held in heats, or groups, the three competitors having the 
 best totals, that is, the throw with the right hand and the throw with the 
 left hand, added together, qualified for final. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 E. Niklander, Finland, winner of third place in Putting Shot, both hands. 
 
 OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Liesche, Germany, second in Running High Jump. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 131 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 Right Hand. Left Hand. Total. 
 
 J. J. Saaristo, .Finland 2ooft. i.57in. isSft. io.29in. 358ft. n.86in. 
 
 W. Siikaniemi, Finl'd i77ft. 5.5111. i54ft. 3 i9-2oin. 33ift. 9 9-2oin. 
 
 U. Peltonen, Finland. i75ft. 9.84Jn. i53ft. iin. 328ft. io.84Jn. 
 
 E. Lemming, Sweden, igift. 4-45in. i32ft. i.O3Jn. 323ft. 5.48in. 
 
 A. Holse, Norway.;. iSoft. 7-3iin. i37ft. 4-42in. 3i7ft. ii.73Jn. 
 
 R. Abrink, Sweden!, . i64ff. 2.48in. i4ift. 4.osin. 3osft. 6.53in. 
 
 D. V. Johansen, Nor. i6oft. o.46in. i44ft. 5.8sin. 3O4ft. 6. 31 in. 
 
 O. Nilsson, Sweden.. i64ft. 8.76in. i26ft. n.22Jn. 29ift. 7.98in. 
 
 J. Halme, Finland.... iSoft. i.siin. uoft. 4.4oin. 29oft. s.giin. 
 
 A. Ohrling, Sweden.. i52ft. 7.o9Jn. i33ft. 4.78in. ^8sft. n.87in. 
 
 S. Hogander, Sweden i52it. 2.371*1. i32ft. 6.94in. 284ft. 9-3iin. 
 
 N. Kovacs, Hungary.. i82ft. io.48in. looft. 6.69|n. 283ft. 5.i7in. 
 
 W. Krigsman, Sw'dn. i53ft. 8.48in. i27ft. 9-46in. 28ift. s.94in. 
 
 H. Sonne, Sweden... isgft. o.6sin. logft. 8.2iiii. 268ft. 8.86in. 
 
 THROWING DISCUSFREE STYLE. 
 Best Hand. 
 
 Olympic record i48ft. 3.9in. ; A. R. Taipale (Finland), Stockholm, 1912. 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896, R. Garrett (U.S.A.), 9sft. 
 
 7 i-2in. Paris, 1900, Bauer (Hungary), n8ft. 2 9-ioin. St. Louis, 
 
 1904, M. J. Sheridan (U.S.A.), i28ft. 10 i-2in. Athens, 1906, M. J. 
 
 Sheridan (U.S.A.). i36ft. i-3in. London, 1908, M. J. Sheridan 
 
 (U.S.A.), 1 34ft. 2in. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 This event was held in heats, or groups, the three competitors having 
 best throws qualifying for the final. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 A. R. Taipale (Finland), won, i48ft. 3. gin.; R. L. Byrd (U.S.A.), second, 
 i38ft. ioi-ioin.; J. H. Duncan (U.S.A.), third, i38ft. 8n-2oin.; E. 
 Niklander (Finland), fourth, i38ft. i i-ioin.; H. Tronner (Austria), 
 fifth, i35ft. 3 6-ioin.; A. M. Mucks (U.S.A.), sixth, i34ft. 34-ioin.; 
 G. W. Philbrook (U.S.A.), seventh, i34ft. 3in.; E. Magnusson (Swe- 
 den), eighth, i3oft. n i-4in.; R. Ujlaky (Hungary), ninth, isoft. 
 77-ioin.; E. Nilsson (Sweden), tenth, i3oft. 26-ioin.; R. Rose 
 (U.S.A.), eleventh, i3oft. iin.; E. J. Muller (U.S.A.), twelfth, i2 9 ft. 
 
 THROWING DISCUS BOTH RIGHT AND LEFT HAND. 
 
 Olympic record 271 ft. lo.igin.; A. R. Taipale (Finland), Stockholm, 
 1912. Stockholm Olympiad was the first to hold this event. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 The event was held in heats, or groups, the three competitors having the 
 best totals, that is, the throw with right hand and the throw with the left 
 hand, added together, qualified for the final. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 Right Hand. Left Hand. Total. 
 
 A. R. Taipale, Finland.. i46ft. 7 i-2'oin. i2sft. i 8-ioin. 27ift. 10.19111. 
 
 E. Niklander, Finland.. i32ft. i 8-ioin. i23ft. 7 9-2oin. 255ft. 9 5-2oin. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Finish of the Team Race. Tel S. Berna, America, winning; Ohlsson, Sweden, 
 second, and Taber, America, third. 
 
 OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Lindberg touching off Reidpath about 20 yards ahead of the French team in 
 the 1600 Meters Relay Race, which was won by the American team mm 
 posed of Meredith. Sheppard, Lindberg and Reidpath 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 133 
 
 E. Magnusson, Sweden 
 E. Nilsson, Sweden 
 J. H. Duncan, U.S.A.. 
 E. J. Muller, U.S.A... 
 F. Fleetwood, Sweden 
 C Lind Sweden 
 
 U3ft. 
 1 3 4 ft. 
 i3oft. 
 J3oft. 
 
 I2lft. 
 I I 2ft. 
 
 i. 63in. 
 5 3-4in. 
 6 3-2om. 
 8 9-10111. 
 2 7-10111. 
 2 o-2oin. 
 
 I20ft. 
 
 99ft. 
 
 I02ft. 
 
 97ft. 
 
 I02ft. 
 I loft. 
 
 N Lind Sweden 
 
 Ildft 
 
 o 3-2oin. 
 
 io5ft. 
 
 G. Nilsson, Sweden... 
 E. Lemming, Sweden . 
 W. Jarvinen, Finland. 
 
 i i ^.i i. 
 120ft. 
 I 24ft. 
 I 24ft. 
 
 1 1 3-2oin. 
 2 i i-2oin. 
 i n-2oin. 
 
 99ft. 
 95ft. 
 94ft. 
 
 8.42in. 253ft. lo.osin. 
 
 9 i-4in. 234ft. ain. 
 
 10 s-2oin. 233ft. 4 4-1 oin. 
 
 6 9-2oin. 228ft. 3 7-2oiii. 
 
 7 i-ioin. 223ft. 9 8-ioin. 
 
 11 i-2in. 223ft. i 19-20111. 
 4 1 1 -20111. 22oft. i 7-10111. 
 2 3-2oin. 22oft. i 3-ioin. 
 
 10 8-2ojn. 22oft. 19-20111. 
 
 7 8-ioin. 2 1 8ft. 9 7-20111. 
 
 SHOT PUT BEST HAND. 
 
 (16 pounds.) 
 
 Olympic record soft. 3-9in.; P. McDonald (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896, R. Garrett (U.S.A.), 36ft. 
 2in. Paris, 1900, R. Sheldon (U.S.A.), 46ft. 3 i-8in. St. Louis, 1904, 
 R. Rose (U.S.A.), 48ft. 7in. Athens, 1906, M. J. Sheridan (U.S.A.), 
 4oft. 4 4-sin. London, 1908, R. Rose (U.S.A.), 46ft. 7 i-2in. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 This event was held in heats, the three men with the best put of all the 
 competitors qualifying for the final. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 P. McDonald (U.S.A.), first, soft. 3 9-ioin., R. Rose (U.S.A.), second, soft. 
 2-sin.; L. A. Whitney (U.S.A.), third, 45ft. 82-sin.; E. Niklander 
 (Finland), fourth, 44ft. 94-ioin.; G. W. Philbrook (U.S.A.), fifth, 
 43ft. 9-ioin.; I. Mudin (Hungary), sixth, 42ft. 3-ioin. ; E. Nilsson 
 (Sweden), seventh, 4ift. 4i7-2oin.; P. Quinn (Great Britain), eighth, 
 4ift. i 3-ioin.; A. Tison (France), ninth, 4oft. 86-ioin.; P. Aho 
 (Finland), tenth, 4oft. 82-ioin.; M. Dorizas (Greece), eleventh, 3oft. 
 6 4-1 oin.; A. Lenzi (Italy), twelfth, 37ft. n i-2in. 
 
 SHOT PUT RIGHT AND LEFT HAND. 
 
 Ol\mpic record Right hand, 49ft. 6. sin. ; left hand, 4oft. lo.gin.; both 
 hands, 9oft. 5-4in.; R. Rose (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912. Stockholm, 
 1912, was the first Olympiad to have this event on its programme. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 The event was held in heats, the three men having the best puts of all 
 the competitors qualifying for the final. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 Right Hand. 
 
 Left Hand. 
 
 Total. 
 
 R. 
 
 Rose, U.S.A 
 
 49ft. 
 
 6 
 
 -Sin. 
 
 4oft. 
 
 io-9in. 
 
 9oft. 
 
 5. 
 
 ,4111. 
 
 P. 
 
 McDonald, U.S.A 
 
 49ft. 
 
 ij 
 
 
 4oft. 
 
 10 
 
 3 : 2oin. 
 
 9oft. 
 
 3 
 
 17-20111. 
 
 E. 
 
 Niklander, Finland. . . 
 
 48ft. 
 
 3 
 
 .Sin. 
 
 4oft. 
 
 8 
 
 .9in. 
 
 89ft. 
 
 .osin. 
 
 L. 
 
 A. Whitney, U.S.A.. 
 
 44ft. 
 
 2 
 
 7-ioin. 
 
 34ft. 
 
 1 1 
 
 7- 1 oin. 
 
 79ft. 
 
 2 
 
 4-10111. 
 
 E. 
 
 Nilsson, Sweden 
 
 4 1 ft. 
 
 
 9-ioin. 
 
 35ft. 
 
 7 
 
 3-2oin. 
 
 76ft. 
 
 8 
 
 i-2oin. 
 
 G 
 
 Aho, Finland 
 
 41 ft. 
 
 8 
 
 i-A.in 
 
 34ft. 
 
 8 
 
 i i-2oin. 
 
 76ft. 
 
 5 
 
 3-ioin. 
 
 M. 
 
 Megherian, Turkey. 
 
 . 35ft. 
 
 7 
 
 3-2oin. 
 
 33ft. 
 
 5 
 
 n-2oin. 
 
 69ft. 
 
 
 7- 1 oin. 
 
 THROWING 16-LB. HAMMER. 
 
 Olympic record i79ft. 7.nn. ; M. J. McGrath (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912. 
 
 U 7 inners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896; event not on programme. 
 Paris, 1900, J. J. Flanagan (U.S.A.), i67ft. 4in. St. Louis, 1904, J. J. 
 Flanagan (U.S.A.), i68ft. lin. Athens, 1906; event not on programme, 
 London, 1908, J. j. Flanagan (U.S.A.), i7oft. 4 1-4111. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Final of the 1500 Meters Run. A. N. S. Jackson, Great Britain, winning 
 A. R. Kiviat, America, second; N. S. Taber, America, third, and J. F 
 Jones, America, fourth. Time, 3m. 56 4-5s. 
 
 
 OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Finish of the 5,000 Meters Run. Hans Kolehmainen of Finland, defeating 
 Jean Bouin of France. Time, 14iu. 36 3-5s. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 135 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 The event \vas held in heats, or groups, the three men having the best 
 throws to qualify for final. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 M. J. McGrath (U.S.A.), first, i 79 ft. 7-iin.; Duncan Gillis (Canada), sec- 
 ond, isSft. 9 i-2\n.', C. C. Childa (I'.S.A.), third, isSft. 9-2oin.; C. J. 
 Liiul (Sweden), fourth, i49_ft. 7 13-20111.; R. Rose (U.S.A.), fifth, 
 i39ft. 87-2oin.; A. Aberg (Sweden), sixth, i34ft. io-i-2in.; B. F. 
 Shrrman (U.S.A.), seventh, izjii. 27-20111.; W. Hackberg (Sweden), 
 eighth, i26ft. i 2-sin. 
 
 TUG-OF-WAR. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896; event not on programme. 
 Paris, 1900, United States. St. Louis, 1904, United States. Athens, 
 1906, Germany. London, 1908, Great Britain. Stockholm, 1912, 
 Sweden. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 Sweden won from Great Britain in two straight pulls. 
 
 PENTATHLON, OR ALL-AROUND COMPETITION. 
 
 Athens, 1906, was the only previous Olympiad to hold a Pentathlon, 
 which consisted of the following competitions: Standing broad jump, 
 throwing discus (Greek style), throwing javelin (free style), running i 
 Olympic stade (192 meters), and wrestling (Graeco-Rornan). It was won by 
 H. Mellander, Sweden. At Stockholm, 1912, the events were: Running 
 broad jump, throwing the javelin, running 200 meters, throwing the discus 
 and running 1,500 meters. It was won by James Thorpe, U.S.A. The 
 scoring at Stockholm was done by points i for first, 2 for second, 3 for 
 third, etc., for each event the competitor scoring the lowest number, win- 
 ning. After the discus throwing all the competitors were eliminated except 
 the six with lowest number of points, two men being tied for sixth place. 
 Seven started in the 1,500 meters run. (See complete table of scores on 
 page 137.) 
 
 DECATHLON, OR ALL-AROUND COMPETITION. 
 
 Stockholm, 1912, was the first Olympiad to hold this event. It consisted 
 of 100 meters run, running broad jump, putting the shot, running high 
 jump, 400 meters run, no meters hurdle, throwing the discus, pole vault, 
 throwing the javelin, and 1,500 meters run. The competitors' perform- 
 ances were figured by percentages. The full scores of the first six men 
 are tabulated on page 139. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 K. K. McArthur, South Africa, winning the Marathon Race. 
 
 Time, 2h. 36rn. 54 4 : 5s. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
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 EVENTS 
 
 Place . . 
 RUN. BROAD JUMP 
 Performance. 
 
 Place. .. 
 JAVELIN 
 Performance. 
 
 Place . . . 
 200 METERS 
 Performance. 
 
 Place . . . 
 DISCUS 
 Performance. 
 
 Place . . . 
 1500 METERS 
 Performance. 
 
 POINTS.... 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 Louis Tewanima, America, finishing second to Kolehmainen in 10,000 Meters 
 
 OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 Colliding leading Webb in the 10,000 Meters Walk. 
 
SPALDTNG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
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 James Thorpe 
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 completed the t 
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 EVENTS 
 
 100 METERS .. 
 
 RUN.BROADJ 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 w 
 
 1-7) 
 g 
 
 8 
 
 SD 
 
 400 METERS.. 
 
 110 MET. HUR] 
 
 DISCUS 
 
 POLE VAULT 
 
 JAVELIN 
 
 1500 METERS. 
 
 POINTS. 
 
 Other compt 
 6,758.780; 9th, F. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Gaston Strobino, the first American home in the Marathon Race, and Man- 
 ager M. P. Halpin, taken shortly after Strobino finished. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 141 
 
 MARATHON RACE 
 
 (About 25 Miles.) 
 
 An Olympic record cannot be considered on account of the differ- 
 ence in the roads, as to grades, etc., of the various courses. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896, S. Loues (Greece), 
 ah. 55m. 2os. Paris, 1900, Teato (France), 2h. 59m. St. Louis, 
 1904, T. J. Hicks (U.S.A.), 3h. 28m. 535. Athens, 1906, W. J. 
 Sherring (Canada), 2h. sim. 23 3-55. London, 1908, J. J. Hayes 
 (U.S.A.), 2h. 55m. 182-53. 
 
 STOCKHOLM OLYMPIAD, 1912. 
 
 1. K. K. McArthur, South Africa 2h. 36m. 54 4-55, 
 
 2. C. W. Gitsham, South Africa 2h. 37111. 525. 
 
 3. G. Strobino, U.S. A 2h. 3801. 42 2-55. 
 
 4. A. Sockalexis, U.S. A 2h. 42m. 7.95. 
 
 5. J. Duffy, Canada 2h. 42m. 18 4-53. 
 
 6. S. Jacobsson, Sweden 2h. 43m. 24.95. 
 
 7. J. J. Gallagher, U.S. A 2h. 44m. 19 2-55. 
 
 8. J. Erxleben, U.S.A 2 h. 4 sm. 47 1-55. 
 
 9. R. F. Piggott, U.S.A. . ah. 46m. 40.73. 
 
 10. J. Forshaw, U.S.A 2h. 49m. 49 2-53. ' 
 
 11. E. Fabre, Canada 2h. som. 36 1-55. 
 
 12. C. H. DeMar, U.S.A 2 h. 5om. 463-55. 
 
 13. Boissiere, France 2h. 5im. 6.6s. 
 
 14. H. Green, Great Britain 2h. 5201. n 2-53. 
 
 15. H. J. Smith, U.S.A ah. 52111. 134-53. 
 
 1 6. W. C. Forsyth, Canada 2h. 52m. 233. 
 
 17. L. Tewanima, U.S.A 2h. 52m. 41 2-55. 
 
 18. T. H. Lilley, U.S.A ah. 59m. 35 2-58. 
 
 19. A. Townsend, Great Britain 3)1. oom. 58. 
 
 20. F. Kivieton, Austria 3h. oom. 483. 
 
 21. F. Lord, Great Britain 3h. im. 39 1-53. 
 
 22. J. Westberg, Sweden 3h. 2m. 5 1-53. 
 
 23. A. Simonsen, Norway 3h. 4m. 59 2-55. 
 
 24. C. Andersson, Sweden 3h. 6m. 133. 
 
 25. E. W. Lloyd, Great Britain 3h. 9m. 253. 
 
 26. H. P. Sakellaropoulos, Greece 3h. nm. 375. 
 
 27. Hj. Dahlberg, Sweden 3h. 13111. 32 1-55. 
 
 28. I. Lundberg, Sweden 3h. i6m. 35 1-53. 
 
 29. J. Christensen, Denmark 3h. 2im. 57 2-53* 
 
 30. O. Lodal, Denmark. ...... 3h. 2im. 57 3-53. 
 
 31. O. Karpati, Hungary 3h. 24m. 21 3-53. 
 
 32. C. Nilsson, Sweden 3h. 26m. 56 2-55 
 
 33. E. Rath, Austria 3h. 27m. 3 4-53 
 
 34. O. Osen, Norway 311. 36m. 35 1-53. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 143 
 
 OLYMPIC RECORDS FOR EVENTS NOT 
 ON STOCKHOLM PROGRAMME. 
 
 60 METERS RUN. 
 
 (65 yards 22 1-5 inches.) 
 
 Olympic record 75.; A. C. Kraenzlein (U.S.A.), Paris, 1900, and A. Hahn 
 
 (U.S.A.) St. Louis, 1904. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896; no race at this distance. 
 
 Paris, 1900, A. C. Kraenzlein (U.S.A.), 75. St. Louis, 1904, A. Hahn 
 
 (U.S.A.), 75. Athens, 1906; London, 1908; Stockholm, 1912; no race 
 
 at this distance. 
 
 200 METERS HURDLE. 
 
 (218 yards 26 inches.) 
 
 Olympic record 243-55.; H. L. Hillman (U.S.A.), St. Louis, 1904. No 
 other Olympiad had the event on its programme. 
 
 400 METERS HURDLE. 
 
 (437 yards 1 6 inches.) 
 
 Olympic records (aft. hurdle), 553.; C. J. Bacon (U.S.A.), London, 1908; 
 (2ft. 6in. hurdle), 535., H. L. Hillman (U.S.A.), St. Louis, 1904. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896; no hurdle race at this dis- 
 tance. Paris, 1900 (3ft. hurdles), J. W. B. Tewksbury (U.S.A.), 
 573-SS. St. Louis, 1904 (2ft. 6in. hurdles), H. L. Hillman (U.S.A.), 
 535. Athens, 1906; no hurdle race at this distance. London, 1908 
 (3ft. hurdles), C. J. Bacon (U.S.A.), 555. Stockholm, 1912; no hurdle 
 race at this distance. 
 
 5 MILES RUN. 
 
 Olympic record 25m. u 1-55.; E. R. Voigt (Great Britain), London, 1908. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896; Paris, 1900; St. Louis, 
 1904; no race at this distance. Athens, 1906, H. Hawtry (Great 
 Britain), 26m. 26 1-53. London, 1908, E. R. Voigt (Great Britain), 
 25m. u 1-55. Stockholm, 1912; no race at this distance. 
 
 TEAM RACES. 
 
 The following team races were not on the programme at Stockholm in 
 
 1912, but are given as a matter of record. 
 
 Olympic records Athens, 1906; team race not on programme. Paris, 1900, 
 5000 meters, won by Great Britain. St. Louis, 1904, 4 miles, won by 
 A. L. Newton (United States team A. L. Newton, G. B. Underwood, 
 H. V. Valentine, P. H. Pilgrim and D. C. Munson), 2im. 174-58. 
 Athens, 1906; no team races on programme. London, 1908 3 miles, 
 J. E. Deakin (Great Britain team J. E. Deakin, A. J. Robertson and 
 W. Coales), 14111. 39 3-53. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES 'AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 American Point Winners in the Pole Vault 1, Frank P. Nelson. Harvard 
 Law School, formerly of Yale, second; 2, H. S. Babcock, Columbia University, 
 first; 3, M. S. Wright, Dartmouth College, third 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 145 
 
 1500 METERS WALK. 
 
 (1640 yards 15 inches.) 
 
 Olympic record 7m. 123-55.; G. V. Bonhag (U.S.A.), Athens, 1906. The 
 only Olympiad at which a walk was held at this distance. 
 
 3500 METERS WALK. 
 
 (2 miles 307 yards 23 inches.) 
 
 Olympic record i4m. 555.; G. E. Larner (Great Britain), London, 1908. 
 The only Olympiad at which a walk was held at this distance. 
 
 10 MILES WALK. 
 
 Olympic record ih. ism. 572-55.; G. E. Larner (Great Britain), London, 
 1908. The only Olympiad at which a walk was held at this distance. 
 
 STANDING TRIPLE JUMP. 
 
 Olympic record 34ft. 8 i-2in. ; Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), Paris, 1900. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896; event not on programme. 
 Paris, 1900, Ray C. Ewry (U.S.A.), 34ft. 8 i-2in. St. Louis, 1904, Ray 
 C. Ewry (U.S.A.), 34it. 7 i-2in. London, 1908; Stockholm,* 1912; 
 event not on programme. 
 
 STEEPLECHASE. 
 
 An Olympic record cannot be considered, as the number of obstacles and 
 
 their height has been different in every race. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896; no steeplechase on pro- 
 gramme. Paris, 1900, 2,500 meters (im. 974yds. iin.), G. W. Orton 
 (U.S.A.), 7m. 345. ; 4,000 meters (2m. 854yds. i6in.), C. Rimmer 
 (Great Britain), i2m. 582-55. St. Louis, 1904, 2,500 meters (im. 
 974yds. iin.), J. D. Lightbody (U.S.A.), 7m. 39 3-55. Athens, 1906; 
 no steeplechase on programme. London, 1908, 3,500 meters (2m. 
 307yds. 23in.), A. Russell (Great Britain), lorn. 474-55. Stockholm, 
 1912; no steeplechase on programme. 
 
 THROWING JAVELIN FREE STYLE. 
 
 Olympic record i78ft. 7 i-2in.; E. V. Lemming (Sweden), London, 190*. 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1906, E. V. Lemming (Sweden), 
 
 1 75ft. 6in. London, 1908, E. V. Lemming (Sweden), i78ft. 7 i-zin. 
 
 This event was not held at the other Olympiads. 
 
 THROWING DISCUS GREEK STYLE. 
 
 Olympic record i24ft. Sin. ; M. J. Sheridan (U.S.A.), London, 1908. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1906, W. Jarvinen (Finland), 
 
 iiSft. 4in. London, 1908, M. J. Sheridan (U.S.A.), i24ft. Sin. This 
 
 event was not held at the other Olympiads. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 147 
 
 THROWING 56-LB. WEIGHT. 
 
 Olympic record 34ft. 4in.; E. Desmarteau (Canada), St. Louis, 1904. No 
 other Olympiad had the event on its programme. 
 
 THROWING THE STONE. 
 Fourteen Pounds, with Limited Run and Follow. 
 
 Olympic record 6sft. 4i-sin.; G. Georgantas (Greece), Athens, 1906. No 
 other Olympiad had this event on its programme. 
 
 WEIGHT LIFTING ONE HAND. 
 
 Olympic record i683-5lbs.; Steinbach (Austria), Athens, 1906. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896, L. Elliott (Great Britain), 
 
 156 i-2lbs. Paris, 1900; event not on programme. St. Louis, 1904, O. 
 
 C. Osthoff (U.S.A.). Athens, 1906, Steinbach (Austria), 168 3-slbs. 
 
 London, 1908; event not on programme. Stockholm, 1912; event not 
 
 on programme. 
 
 WEIGHT LIFTING TWO HANDS. 
 
 Olympic record 313 7-81bs. ; D. Tofalos (Greece), Athens, 1906. 
 
 Winners at Previous Olympiads Athens, 1896, V. Jensen (Denmark), 
 245 2-3lbs. Paris, 1900; event not on programme. St. Louis, 1904, 
 P. Lakousis (Greece), 2461bs. Athens, 1906, D. Tofalos (Greece), 
 313 7-iolbs. London, 1908; Stockholm, 1912; event not on programme. 
 
 ROPE CLIMBING. 
 
 (39 feet 9 3-5 inches.) 
 
 Athens, 1906, was the only Olympiad that held this event; won by G. 
 AJiprantis (Greece); 112-55. 
 
OTTO WAHLE. 
 Advisory Member on Swimming, Olympic Championships, 1912. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLKTK' LIBRARY. 149 
 
 OLYMPIC SWIMMING 
 
 BY OTTO WAHLE, 
 Advisory Member on Swimming. 
 
 The swimming events of the Olympic Games in 1912 undoubt- 
 edly surpassed those of any other Olympic Games. 
 
 The international competition was unique and the swimming 
 course could not have been better. It might be mentioned that 
 it could have only been improved upon by using strings at a 
 height of about five or six feet from the surface of the water, 
 running the whole length of the course. These are being used 
 in Germany and are a great help to the backstroke swimmers. 
 
 To review the swimming events of previous Olympic Games: 
 In 1896, at Athens, international competition consisted of three 
 men whose performances in their own native countries were only 
 mediocre in comparison with the world's records existing at that 
 time. The course was very unsatisfactory and the water very 
 cold. 
 
 In Paris, in 1900, international competition increased con- 
 siderably, the course, on the other hand, being in running water 
 (the river Seine), robbed the performances of any significance, 
 and the management left almost everything to be desired. 
 
 In St. Louis, in 1904, the course as weif as the management 
 were satisfactory, but international competition was very in- 
 ferior, thus robbing the races of a great deal of their importance. 
 
 London, 1908, showed a great deal of improvement in inter- 
 national competition and furnished the best course of any up to 
 that date. However, the international competition cannot be 
 compared with Stockholm. Australia had only one man, their 
 great sprinters being absent. Their relay was composed of one 
 swimmer and three other Australians who happened to be in 
 'London at that time. Germany was not represented in the 
 sprints or the relay. 
 
 In Stockholm we found every swimmer who had ever made, a 
 name for himself, excepting C. M. Daniels, who had retired 
 permanently. To reason out how he would have fared is idle 
 speculation, as his time in 1908 would hardly furnish a fair basis 
 for comparison. He won after a loss of two yards at the start, 
 and as he has never specialized outdoor swimming, there is no 
 telling how much he could improve upon his best time in open 
 water. 
 
 The most remarkable appearances at Stockholm were undoubt- 
 edly those of the Canadian, G. R. Hodgson, winner of the 400 
 
SPALDING'8 ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 151 
 
 and 1500 meter, races, and the United States representative, Duke 
 Kahanamoku, who made the best sprinters of the world look 
 like novices. 
 
 The 400 and 1500 meter races were robbed of a great deal of 
 interest, through the illness of the Australian, William Long- 
 worth, whose remarkable performances in Australia had attracted 
 general attention. It was no doubt a hard blow to Australia, but it 
 can hardly be said to have altered the final scores at all. It 
 is not probable that Longworth could have beaten Hodgson, and 
 it is even doubtful that he could have beaten that wonderful 
 English swimmer, J. G. Hatfield. The latter is undoubtedly the 
 best swimmer England ever had. 
 
 The keenness of the competition is shown best by the fact that 
 B. von Lastorres of Hungary, by far the best swimmer which the 
 continent of Europe ever produced, and a man who is able to 
 swim a mile in approximately twenty-four minutes thirty 
 seconds, did not get a place in either the 400 or 1500 meter 
 races- 
 
 The diving competitions furnished an exceedingly interesting 
 display. The Swedish divers were a partial disappointment, as 
 their performances did not justify the reputation that had pre- 
 ceded them. 
 
 On the other hand, the showing of the German divers was 
 remarkable. It should be mentioned that they were handicapped 
 somewhat by the uncomprehensible ideas of form prevailing in 
 their own country. The German ideas of diving require a diver 
 to remain in a position with his chest hollowed and his head 
 thrown back until he disappears in the water. The consequence 
 of this is that a diving competition in Germany resembles a 
 continuous explosion of submarine mines. The Germans adapted 
 themselves wonderfully to making a clean entry into the water, 
 and the final scores in the high and plain diving do not represent 
 the relative merits of the German divers in comparison with the 
 Swedes. 
 
 The American representatives, G. W. Gaidzik and Arthur 
 McAleenan, Jr., were out of form. A little canvas tank 
 improvised on the S.S. "Finland" proved to be. a great help 
 to the swimmers, but the divers were unable to do any useful 
 practice from the day they left New York, June 14, until they 
 arrived in Stockholm, July I, and the remaining week was insuf- 
 ficient to enable them to regain their form. In best form our 
 divers are undoubtedly in the same class with the prize winners 
 at Stockholm, on the springboard as well as in high diving. 
 
 The success of the American team must be considered as 
 highly gratifying. While only fifth place was secured, according 
 
HI * ! 
 
 S^Jg- 
 
 9Kg^JQ|. 
 
 OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 \V alter Bathe, Germany; winner of 200 meters and 400 meters, breast stroke 
 in world's record times. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAE*. 
 
 153 
 
 to the total number of points, behind Germany, Sweden, England 
 and Australia, an analysis of these totals will throw a different 
 light on the respective merits of the final point scores. The 
 points of Germany and Sweden were scored in the diving and 
 breast stroke races; England won the water polo and the ladies' 
 team race. These competitions do not compare in importance 
 with those in which the American team scored. 
 
 The most important events were undoubtedly the 100, 400 and 
 1500 meters swims and the 800 meters relay race. Considering 
 these races only, America, with one first, one second and one 
 third place, scored six points, the same number which Canada 
 scored with two victories ; a score which was only surpassed by 
 Australia, with seven points. England scored five points in 
 these races and Sweden and Germany did not score at all. 
 
 
 Australia 
 
 Austria 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Canada 
 
 England 
 
 Germany 
 
 Sweden 
 
 < 
 e/5 
 P 
 
 100 meters 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 3 
 
 5 
 12 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 3 
 1 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 2 
 
 4 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 
 800 meters relay . 
 
 200. meters, breast stroke 
 400 meters, breast stroke 
 100 meters, back stroke 
 
 Plain high diving 
 
 Fancy high diving .... 
 
 Springboard diving. . 
 
 100 meters, ladies' 
 
 400 meters ladies' relay 
 
 Ladies' plain high diving 
 
 Water polo 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 19 
 
 9 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Duke P. Kahanamoku, Honolulu, H. I.; winner of 100 meters swim and mem- 
 ber of the American relay team which finished second; holder of world's 
 record for 100 meters. 
 
s, hurdles F. C. V. Lane, Australia. 
 
 s, back stroke -E. Hoppenberg, Germany. 
 
 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 155 
 
 SWIMMING, STOCKHOLM, 1912 
 
 COMPILED BY OTTO WAHLE, NEW YORK. 
 
 1896, AT ATHENS (IN THE BAY). 
 100 meters Alfred Guttmann, Hungary. 
 500 meters Paul Neuman, Austria. 
 1 200 meters Alfred Guttman, Hungary. 
 
 (Excepting Greeks, the competition consisted of three men.) 
 
 1900, AT PARIS (IN THE RIVER SEINE). 
 200 mete s F. C. V. ^Lane, Australia. 
 200 mete 
 
 1000 mete s J. A. Jarvis, England. 
 4000 mete s J. A. Jarvis, England. 
 Relay race Germany defeated France. The English team appeared too late 
 
 to compete. They were incorrectly informed about the hour for which 
 
 the beginning of the race was scheduled. 
 
 1904, AT ST. LOUIS. 
 
 Open, Still Water, no Yards Course. 
 
 50 yards Z. de Halmay, Hungary (after a dead heat with J. Scott Leary, 
 
 San Francisco), 285. 
 
 100 yards Z. de Halmay, Hungary, im. 2 4-55. 
 220 yards C. M. Daniels, United States, 2m. 44 1-55. 
 440 yards C. M. Daniels, United States, 6m. i6s. 
 880 yards- E. Rausch, Germany, 1301. -us. 
 i mile E. Rausch, Germany, 27m. 18 3-58. 
 100 yards, back stroke W. Brack, Germany, im. 16 4-55. 
 440 yards, breast stroke G. Zacharias, Germany, 7m. 275. 
 200 yards, club relay (4 men, 50 yards each) New York A.C. team (J. A. 
 
 Ruddy, L. B. Goodwin. L. deB. Handley, C. M. Daniels), 2m. 1-55. 
 Diving Dr. G. Sheldon, United States. 
 
 1906, AT ATHENS (IN THE BAY). 
 
 100 meters C. M. Daniels (U.S.A.), im. 135., won; Z. de Halmay (Eng- 
 land), second; Cecil Healy (Australia), third. 
 
 400 meters Otto Scheff (Austria), 6m. 234-55., won; H. Taylor (Eng- 
 land), second; J. A. Jarvis (England), third. 
 
 i mile Henry Taylor (England), 28m. 285., won; J. A. Jarvis (England), 
 second; Otto Scheff (Austria), third. 
 
 Relay, 4 men (250 meters each) Hungary (L. Bruckner, J. Onody, 
 G. Kiss, Z. de Halmay), i6m. 52 2-55., won; Germany (Bahnmeyer, 
 Paps, Rausch, Schiele), i7m. 16 1-55., second; England (Derbyshire, 
 II. Taylor, J. A. Jarvis, W. Henry), third. 
 
 Diving G. Walz (Germany), won; Hoffmann (Germany), second; Satzin- 
 ger (Austria), third. 
 
 1908, AT LONDON. 
 100 Meters (109 yards i foot), Open Still Water Course. 
 
 100 meters C. M. Daniels (U.S.A.), im. 5 3-58., won; Z. de Halmay 
 (Hungary), im. 6 1-55., second; H. Julin (Sweden), im v 8s., third. 
 
 400 meters -H. Taylor (England), sm. 364-55., won; F. E. Beaurepaire 
 (Australia), sm. 445., second; Otto Scheff (Austria), sm. 465., third; 
 
 sm. 445., 
 England), 
 
 W. Foster (England), fourth. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912 
 
 H. J. Hebner, Illinois Athletic Club, Chicago; winner of 100 meters, back 
 stroke, race and member of American team ^vhich finished second, 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 157 
 
 1500 meters H. Taylor (England), 22m. 482-55., won; T. S. Battersby 
 
 (England), 22m. 51 1-55., second; F. E. Beaurepaire (Australia), 22m. 
 
 56 1-55., third. 
 800 meters relay England (W. Foster, P. Radmilovic, J. H. Derbyshire 
 
 and H. Taylor), lom. 55 3-55., won; Hungary (J. Munk, I. Zachar, 
 
 B. Lastorres and Z. de Halmay), xom. 595., second; United States (H. 
 
 J. Hebner, L. B. Goodwin, C. M. Daniels and L. G. Rich), nm. 24-55., 
 
 third. 
 200 meters, breast stroke F. Holman (England), 3m. 9 1-53., won; W. W. 
 
 Robinson (England). 3m. 124-55., second; P. Hanson (Sweden), 3m. 
 
 14 3-55., third. 
 100 meters, back stroke A. Bieberstein (Germany), im. 24 3-55., won; L. 
 
 Dam (Denmark), im. 26 3-55., second; H. N. Haresnape (England), 
 
 third. 
 Springboard diving A. Ziirner (Germany), 85.5 points, won; R. Behrens 
 
 (Germany), 85.3 points, second; G. W. Gaidzik (U.S.A.) and ,G. Walz 
 
 (Germany), tied for third place at 80.8 points. 
 High fancy diving Johansson (Sweden), 83.70 points, won; K. Malstrom 
 
 (Sweden), second; A. Spangberg (Sweden), 74 points, third. 
 
 DAILY PROGRAMME, STOCKHOLM, 1912. 
 
 Saturday, July 6, beginning at 7 P. M. 100 meters, free style, eight heats; 
 
 1,500 meters, first, second and third heats; plain high diving, first and 
 
 second heats. 
 Sunday, July 7, beginning at 12.30 P. M. 100 meters, free style, second 
 
 round, three heats; plain high diving, third and fourth heats; 200 
 
 meters, breast stroke, first, second and third heats; water polo. 
 Sunday, July 7, beginning at 7.30 P. M. 200 meters, breast stroke, fourth 
 
 and fifth heats; 100 meters, free style, semi-finals, first and second 
 
 heats; 1,500 meters, fifth heat. 
 Monday, July 8, beginning at 12.30 P. M. 400 meters, breast stroke, first, 
 
 second and third heats; water polo. 
 Monday, July 8, beginning at 7.30 P. M. 400 meters, breast stroke, fourth 
 
 and fifth heats; springboard diving, heats; ladies' race, 100 meters, 
 
 first and second heats. 
 Tuesday, July 9, beginning at 12.30 P. M. 100 meters, ladies' race, third, 
 
 fourth and fifth heats; ipq meters, back stroke, first, second and third 
 
 heats; 1,500 meters, semi-finals, two heats; water polo. 
 Tuesday, July 9, beginning at 7.30 P. M. 100 meters, back stroke, fourth 
 
 and fifth heats; springboard diving, final heat; 200 meters, breast 
 
 stroke, semi-final, two heats; 100 meters, free style, semi-final, three 
 
 heats. 
 Wednesday, July 10, beginning at 12.30 P. M. Plain high diving for 
 
 ladies, one heat; water polo. 
 Wednesday, July 10, beginning at 7.30 P. M. 100 meters, back stroke, 
 
 semi-final, two heats; plain high diving for ladies, two heats; 200 
 
 meters, breast stroke, final heat; 1,500 meters, final heat; 100 meters, 
 
 free style, final heat; water polo. 
 
 Thursday, July u, beginning at 12.30 P. M. 100 meters, for ladies, semi- 
 final, two heats; 400 meters, free style, first, second, third and fourth 
 
 heats. 
 Thursday, July n, beginning at 7.30 P. M. 400 meters, free style, fifth 
 
 and sixth heats; plain high diving, final heat; 400 meters, breast 
 
 stroke, semi-final, two heats; water polo. 
 Friday, July 12, beginning at 12.30 P. M. Fancy high diving, first and 
 
 second heats. 
 Friday, July 12, beginning at 7.30 P. M. 800 meters relay race, two 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 Australasian relay team; winners of 8<K> meters relay race; 1, Leslie Board- 
 man; 2, Cecil Healy, and :t. H. II. Ihmlwick, Sydney, N.S.W.; 4, M. Uiaiu 
 nion, New Zealand. 
 
SFALDING'S ATHLETIC JJKUAKY. 159 
 
 heats; too meters, for ladies, final heat; 400 meters, breast stroke, 
 
 final heat; fancy high diving, third heat. 
 
 Saturday, July 13, beginning at 7.30 P. M. 400 meters, free style, semi- 
 final, two heats; plain high diving, for ladies, final heat; 100 meters. 
 
 back stroke, final heat; water polo. 
 Sunday, July 14, beginning at 7.30 P. M. 400 meters, free style, final 
 
 heat; water polo. 
 Monday, July 15, 12.30 P. M. Ladies' relay race, 400 meters, final heat, 
 
 fancy high diving, final heat; 800 meters relay, final heat; water polo. 
 Monday,' July 15, 7.30 P. M. 300 meters record attempt by Miss 1<\ 
 
 Durack, Australia. 
 Tuesday, July 16, 12.30 P. M. Water polo. 
 
 100 METERS FREE STYLE. 
 
 (109.3611 yards.) 
 Olympic record im. 22-55.; Duke P. Kahanamoku (U.S.A.), Sweden, 1912. 
 
 First round, July 6, evening; first, second and the fastest third to 
 qualify for the second round. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat L. Beleznay (Hungary), im. 8s., won; Robert Andersson 
 (Sweden), im. 9 2-55., second; Andre Assimacopoulo (Greece), im. 
 15 2-55., third. Second heat C. Bretting (Germany), im. 75., won; 
 P. Radmilovics (Great Britain), im. 102-55., second; Theo. Tarta- 
 kover (Australia), im. 12 1-55., third; Jules Wuyts (Belgium), im. 
 I33-5S., fourth. Third heat L. Boardman (Australia), im. 6s., won; 
 N. T. Nerich (U.S.A.), im. 73-53., second; J. H. Derbyshire (Great 
 Britain), im. 9 1-55., third; A. Kenyery (Hungary), im. io.is., fourth; 
 D. Baiardo (Italy), fifth. Fourth heat P. McGillivray (U.S.A.), im. 
 44-55., won; C. Healy (Australia), im. 51-55., second; K. Huszagh 
 (U.S.A.), im. 6 1-53., third. Fifth heat Duke P. Kahanamoku 
 (U.S.A.), im. 2 3-55., won; William Longworth (Australia), im. 5 1-53., 
 second; H. J. Hebner (U.S.A.), im. 10 2-55., third; G. Meister 
 (France), im. 16 3-55., fourth. Sixth heat H. H. Hardwick (Aus- 
 tralia), im. 5 4-55., won; M. Ritter (Germany), im. 8s., second; H. 
 Meyboom (Belgium), im. 15 2-55., third; J. H. Reilly (U.S.A.), fourth. 
 Seventh heat W. Ramme (Germany), im. 10 1-55., won; M. Massa 
 (Italy) and H. Julin (Sweden), tied for second, im. 114-58.; J. H. 
 Johnsen (Norway), im. 19.15., fourth. Eighth heat Erik Bergqvist 
 (Sweden), im. 132-55., won; G. Rigal (France), im. 174-55., second; 
 only two starters. 
 K. Huszagh (U.S.A.), im. 6 1-55., qualified as the fastest third. 
 
 Second round, July 7, noon; first, second and the fastest third to 
 qualify for semi-final heat. 
 
 First heat C. Bretting (Germany), im. 4 1-55., won; William Longworth 
 (Australia), im. 5 1-53., second; H. Hardwick (Australia), im. 6s., 
 third; R. Andersson (Sweden), im. 9.53., fourth. Second heat* 
 Duke P. Kahanamoku (U.S.A.), im. 34-55., won; W. Ramme (Ger- 
 many), im. 74-55., second; M. Ritter (Germany), im. 84-55., third; 
 N. f. Nerich (U.S.A.), im. 84-55., fourth. Third heat K. Huszagh 
 (U.S.A.), im. 41-55., won; P. McGillivray (U.S.A.), im. 42-53., sec- 
 ond; C. Healy (Australia), im. 44-58., third; L. Boardman (Aus- 
 tralia), im. 5 2-53., fourth; P. Radmilovics (Great Britain), fifth. 
 C. Healy (Australia), im. 44-55., qualified as fistest third. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 161 
 
 SEMI-FINALS. 
 Two heats, July 7, evening. 
 
 Owing to a misunderstanding, believing that this round would not be 
 swum, the American swimmers, Kahanamoku, Huszagh and McGillivray, 
 were absent. Upon a protest, a special heat for these men and M. Massa, 
 Italy, was arranged for July 9. 
 
 Two heats, July 7; first, second and fastest third qualify for final. 
 
 First heat C. Healy (Australia), im. 5 3-53., won; W. Ramme (Ger- 
 many), im. 5 4-55., second; W. Longworth (Australia), im. 6 1-55., 
 third. McGillivray (U.S.A.) did not start. Second heat C. Bretting 
 (Germany), walkover, im. 43-55. Duke Kahanamoku (U.S.A.) and 
 K. Huszagh (U.S.A.) did not start. 
 
 SEMI-FINAL, JULY 9, EVENING. 
 
 Winner and second qualify only if winner's time is not slower than 
 
 im. 6 1-55. 
 
 D. Kahanamoku (U.S.A.), im. 22-55., won; K. Huszagh (U.S.A.), im. 
 6 1-55., second; P. McGillivray (U.S. A), im. 6 1-55., third; M. Massa 
 (Italy), fourth. 
 Huszagh was placed second; same time for second and third. 
 
 FINAL HEAT, JULY 10, EVENING. 
 
 Duke P. Kahanamoku (U.S.A.), im. 3 2-55., won; C. Healy (Australia), 
 im. 43-53., second; K. Huszagh (U.S.A.), im. 5 3"5s., third; K. Bret- 
 ting (Germany), im. 5 4-55., fourth; W. Ramme (Germany), im. 
 6 2-53., fifth. Bretting made one false start. 
 
 Germany protested, owing to a collision between Huszagh and Bretting. 
 Protest overruled by International Jury, because it referred to judges' 
 decision. The judges stated that both swam out of their course and hin- 
 dered each other equally. Kahanamoku led at 50 yards by nearly 3 yards, 
 but tired in the last 20 yards, winning finally by about 2 yardsr 
 
 100 METERS BACK STROKE. 
 
 (109.3611 yards.) 
 Olympic record im. 204-53.; H. J. Hebner (U.S.A.), Stockholm, 1912. 
 
 First, second and third heats, July 9, noon; fourth and fifth heats, 
 evening. 
 
 First, second and fastest third qualify for semi-final heat. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat H. J. Hebner (U.S.A.), im. 2is., won; O. Gross (Germany), 
 im. 245., second; A. Bergman (Sweden), im. 33 4"5S., third. O. 
 Schiele (Germany), third, disqualified for turning on his breast. Sec- 
 ond heat O. Fahr (Germany), im. 225., won; G. H. Webster (Great 
 Britain), im. 294-55., second; J. Wenk (Hungary), im. 265., disquali- 
 fied. Third heat A. Baronyi (Hungary), im. 223., won; P. Kellner 
 (Germany), im. 265., second; O. Gregoire (Belgium), im. 29 4-53., 
 third. Fourth heat H. N. Haresnape (Great Britain), im. 275., won; 
 E. Schultze (Germany), im. 273-55., second; G. Sundman (Sweden), 
 im. 31 1-55., third. Fifth heat L. Szentgrothy (Hungary), im. 26 3-53., 
 won; F. Sandon (Great Britain), im. 31 4-55., second; only two 
 starters. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Perry McGillivray, Illinois A.C., Chicago; member of relay team which 
 finished second; also winner of 100 yards championship of England. 
 
. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 163 
 
 SEMI-FINAL HEATS, JULY 10, EVENING. 
 
 First, second and fastest third qualify for final heat. 
 
 First heat H. J. Hebner (U.S.A.), im. 204-55., won; O. Fahr (Ger- 
 many), im. 21 4-55., second; A. Baronyi (Hungary), im. 26 1-55., third: 
 E. Schultze (Germany), fourth; L. Szentgrothy (Hungary), fifth; G. 
 H. Webster (Great Britain), sixth. Second heat O. Gross (Ger- 
 many), im. 265., won; P. Kellner (Germany), im. 26 1-53., second; H. 
 N. Haresnape (Great Britain), im. 264-55., third; F. Sandon (Great 
 Britain), fourth; G. Sundman (Sweden), fifth. 
 
 FINAL HEAT, JULY 13, EVENING. 
 
 H. J. Hebner (U.S.A.), im. 21 1-55., won; Otto Fahr (Germany), im. 
 222-55., second; F. Kellner (Germany), im. 245., third; A. Baronyi 
 (Hungary), im. 251-55., fourth; O. Gross (Germany), im. 254-55., 
 fifth. Fahr made one false start. 
 
 200 METERS BREAST STROKE. 
 
 (218.7222 yards.) 
 Olympic record 3in. 14-55.; W. Bathe (Germany), Stockholm, 1912. 
 
 First, second, third and fourth heats, July 7, noon; fifth and sixth 
 heats, evening. 
 
 First, second and fastest third to qualify for semi-final heat. 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat W. Liitzow (Germany), 3m. 72-55., won; T. Henning (Swe- 
 den), 3m. 145., second; K. G. Lindroos (Finland), 3m. 16 3-55., third; 
 F. Schryver (Australia), fourth. Second heat P. Malisch (Germany), 
 3m. 84-55., won; A. O. Aaltonen (Finland), 3m. 135., second; N. G. 
 Ande-rsson (Sweden), 3m. 20 3-58., third; G. Bajmakoff (Russia), 
 fourth; Josef Wastl (Austria), fifth; D. Baiafdo /Italy), sixth. Third 
 heat W. Bathe (Germany), 3m. 32-55., won; P. Courtman (Great 
 Britain), 3m. 94-55., second; F. W. Lowenadler (Sweden), 3m. 
 22 1-55., third. M. McDermott (U.S.A.), 3m. i8s., third, disqualified 
 for touching with one hand only on the turn. Fourth heat C. Atkin- 
 son (Great Britain), swam over, 3m. 123. Fifth heat F. Courbet 
 (Belgium), 3m. 123-55., won; P. Hansson (Sweden), 301. 141-55., 
 second; G. Innocent (Great Britain), 3m. i6s., third. Sixth heat O. 
 Demjan (Hungary), 3m. 74-55., won; H. A. S. Julin (Sweden), 3m. 
 12 4-55., second; H. Cederberg (Finland), 3m. 18 3-55., third. 
 
 G. Innocent (Great Britain) qualified as the fastest third. 
 
 SEMI-FINAL HEATS, JULY 9, EVENING. 
 First, second and fastest third qualify for final heat. 
 
 First heat P. Malisch (Germany), 301. 9 3-55., won; T. Henning (Sweden), 
 3m. 102-55., second; H. A. S. Julin (Sweden), 3m. 103-55.. third; 
 A. O. Aaltonen (Finland), fourth; K. G. L. Lindroos (Finland), fifth. 
 Second heat W. Bathe (Germany), 3m. 21-55., won; W. Liitzow 
 (Germany), 3m. 42-55., second; P. Courtman (Great Britain), 3m. 
 92-53., third; O. Demjan (Hungary), fourth; F. Courbet (Belgium), 
 fifth; P. Hansson (Sweden), sixth. 
 
 P. Courtman (Great Britain) qualified as the fastest third. 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 George Hodgson, Montreal A.A.C.; winner of 400 meters and 1500 metera 
 swims in world's record time. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 165 
 
 FINAL HEAT, JULY 10, EVENING. 
 
 W. Bathe (Germany), am. i 4-55., won; W. Liitzow (Germany), 3m. 58., 
 second; P. Malisch (Germany), 3m. 8s., third; P. Courtman (Great 
 Britain), 3m. 84-55., fourth; T. Henning (Sweden), fifth. 
 Bathe's time for 100 meters, im. 235. 
 
 400 METERS FREE STYLE. 
 
 (437-4444 yards.) 
 Olympic record sm. 242-55.; G. R. Hodgson (Canada), Stockholm, 1912. 
 
 Four heats July n, noon; two evening; first, second and fastest third to 
 qualify for semi-final heat. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat H. H. Hardwick (Australia), sm. 365., won; M. Champion 
 (Australia), sm. 375., second; J. H. Reilly (U.S.A.), 6m. 10 i-ss., 
 third; M. Massa (Italy), fourth. Second heat T. S. Battersby (Great 
 Britain), 6m. 33-55., won; J. H. Johnsen (Norway), 6m. 142-55., sec- 
 ond; J. E. Wedholm (Sweden), 6m. 29 4-53., third. Third heat M. 
 Ritter (Germany), sm. 443-55., won; A. Kenyery (Hungary), sm. 
 465., second; N. F. Nerich (U.S.A.), sm. 50 2-55., third. Fourth heat 
 B. von Lastorres (Hungary), sm. 36 1-55., won; H. Taylor (Great 
 Britain), sm. 482-55., second. Fifth heat C. Healy (Australia), sm. 
 345., won; J. G. Hatfield (Great Britain), sm. 35 3-55., second; F. Schuh 
 (Austria), 6m. 9 1-55., third. Sixth heat G. R. Hodgson (Canada), 
 5m. 50 3-55., won; W. Foster (Great Britain), sm. 52 2-55., second; 
 O. Schiele (Germany), sm. 575., third; G. A. Godfrey (South Africa), 
 fourth; H. C. Hedegaard (Denmark), fifth. 
 N. T. Nerich (U.S.A.) qualified as the fastest tfiird. 
 
 SEMI-FINAL HEATS, JULY 13, EVENING. 
 First, second and fastest third qualify for final heat. 
 
 G. R. Hodgson (Canada), sm. 25 2-55., won; J. G. Hatfield (Great Britain) 
 5m. 25 3-55., second; W. Foster (Great Britain), sm. 495., third; N 
 T. Nerich (U.S.A.), sm. sis., fourth; T. S. Battersby (Great Britain) 
 
 Foster (Great Britain), sm. 495., third; N. 
 is., fourth; T. S. Battersby (Great Britain), 
 Johnsen (Norway), sixth. Second heat H. 
 H. Hardwick (Australia), sm. 3is., won; B. von Lastorres (Hun- 
 gary), sm. 344-55., second; C. Healy (Australia), sm. 375., third; M. 
 Champion (Australia), sm. 385., fourth; H. Taylor (England), sm. 
 48 i-ss., fifth. 
 
 Hodgson's intermediate times: 100 meters, im. 145.; 200 meters, 2m. 
 38 1-55.; 300 meters, 4m. 55. 
 
 Hardwick's intermediate times: 100 meters, im. us.; 200 meters, 2m. 
 365.; 300 meters, 4m. 508. 
 
 C. Healy, Australia, qualified, as the fastest third. 
 
 FINAL HEAT, JULY 14, EVENING. 
 
 G. R. Hodgson (Canada), sm. 242-55., won; J. G. Hatfield (Great Britain), 
 
 5m. 25 4-53., second; H. H. Hardwick (Australia), sm. 31 1-55., third; 
 
 C. Healy (Australia), sm. 375., fourth; B. v. Lastorres (Hungary). 
 
 fifth. 
 
 Hodgson's intermediate times; joo meters, im. us.; 200 meters, 2rn. 
 
 334-55.; 300 meters, 4m, 
 
Or/TMTIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM", SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Arthur McAleenan, Jr., New York Athletic Club diver, at swimming stadium, 
 Stockholm; youngest member of the American team. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 167 
 
 400 METERS BREAST STROKE. 
 
 (437.4444 yards.) 
 Olympic record 6m. 293-55.; W. Bathe (Germany), Stockholm, 1912. 
 
 First, second and third heats, July 8, noon; fourth and fifth heats, 
 evening. 
 
 First, second and fastest third qualify for semi-final heat. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat T. Henning (Sweden), 6m. 522-53., won; G. Innocent (Great 
 Britain), 7m. 7 4-53., second; O. Demjan (Hungary), 6m. 35 4-55.. 
 won, disqualified for irregular turning. Second heat P. Malisch (Ger- 
 many), 6m. 475., won; K. G. L. Lindroos (Finland), 7m., second; M. 
 McDermott (U.S.A.), 7m. i8s., disqualified, for irregular turning. Third 
 heat W. Liitzow (Germany), 6m. 49 4-55., won; F. Courbet (Belgium), 
 6m. 52 3-55., second; Z. v. Siengalewicz (Austria), 7m. 45., third. 
 Fourth heat P. Courtman (Great Britain), 6m. 43 4-53., won; A. O. 
 Aaltonen (Finland), 6m. 48 4-55., second; H. Julin (Sweden), 7m. 
 123-55., third. Fifth heat W. Bathe (Germany), 6m. 343-55., won; 
 G. Bajmakoff (Russia), 7m. 28 3-55., second; two starters only. 
 Z. v. Siengalewicz (Austria) qualified as the fastest third. 
 
 SEMI-FINAL HEATS, JULY n, EVENING. 
 First, second and fastest third qualify for final heat. 
 
 First heat W. Bathe (Germany) and T. Henning (Sweden), 6m. 325., 
 tied for first; P. Courtman (Great Britain), 6m. 36 3-53., third; F. 
 Courbet (Belgium), fourth; Z. v. Siengalewicz (Austria), fifth. Dead 
 heat between Bathe and Henning. Second heat W. Liitzow (Germany), 
 6m. 443-55., won; P. Malisch (Germany), 6m. 473-55., second; A. 
 Aaltonen (Finland), 6m. 564-55., third; K. G. Lindroos (Finland), 
 fourth; G. Innocent (Great Britain), fifth. 
 P. Courtman (Great Britain) qualified as the fastest third. 
 
 FINAL HEAT, JULY 12, EVENING. 
 
 W. Bathe (Germany), 6m. 29 3-55., won; T. Henning (Sweden), 6m. 
 
 353-55., second; P. Courtman (Great Britain), 6m. 362-55., third; P. 
 
 Malisch (Germany), 6m. 375., fourth; W. Liitzow retired at 375 
 
 meters. 
 
 Intermediate times: Bathe 100 meters, im. 234-55.; 200 meters, 3m. 
 35.; 300 meters, 4m. 463-53. 
 
 1500 METERS. 
 
 (1640.4168 yards.) 
 Olympic record 22m.; G. R. Hodgson (Canada), Stockholm, 1912. 
 
 First, second and third heat, July 6, evening; fourth heat, July, 7, noon; 
 fifth heat, July 7, evening. 
 
 First, second and fastest third qualify for semi-final heat. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat W. Andersson (Sweden), 23m. 12 1-55., won; M. Champion 
 (Australia), 23m. 343., second; H. Taylor (Great Britain), 2401. 62-53., 
 third. Second heat B. v. Lastorres (Hungary), 22m. 583., won; J. 
 

 OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 America's Swimming Team, which won second place in the One-Mile Relay 
 Race. Left to right Kenneth Huszagh, Duke Kahanamoku, Harry Hebner 
 and Perry McGillivray. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 169 
 
 G. Hatfield (Great Britain), 23m. 162-58., second; A. Caby (France), 
 third. Third heat G. R. Hodgson (Canada), 22m. 235., won; William 
 Longworth (Australia), 23m. 2 3-55., second; M. Pernot (France), 
 third. Fourth heat T. S. Battersby (Great Britain), 2301. 585., won: 
 F. Schuh (Austria), 25111. 194-55., second; J. E. Wedholm (Sweden), 
 27m. 383., third; M. Massa (Italy), fourth. Fifth heat H. Hardwick 
 (Australia), 23m. 232-55., won; W. Foster (England), 23.11. 522-55., 
 second; J. H. Johnsen (Norway), third; K. G. A. Collin (Sweden), 
 fouith. 
 
 Intermediate times: Andersson 100 meters, im. 175.; 200 meters, 2m. 
 472-55.; 400 meters, sm. 535.; 800 meters, i2m. 135.; 1,000 meters, ism. 
 245. Lastorres 100 meters, im. i6s. ; 200 meters, 2m. 463-55.; 300 meters, 
 4m. i6s. ; 400 meters, 5m. 504-53.; 500 meters, 701. 235.; 600 meters, 8m. 
 584-55.; 700 meters, lom. 314-55.; 800 meters, i2m. 83-55.; 900 meters, 
 i3m. 442-55.; 1,000 meters, ism. 225.; 1,100 meters, i6m. 585.; 1,200 meters, 
 i8m. 342-55.; 1,300 meters, 2om. 32-55.; 1,400 meters, 2im. 332-55. Hodg- 
 son 100 meters, im. 155.; 200 meters, 2m. 405.; 400 meters, sm. 405.; 800 
 meters, nm. 475.; 1,000 meters, 1401. 453. Longworth 300 meters, 4m. gs. 
 Battersby 400 meters, 6m. 95.; 800 meters, i2m. 385. Hardwick 100 
 meters, im. 184-55.; 200 meters, 2m. 455.; 300 meters, 4m. i6s.; 400 
 meters, sm. 465.; 500 meters, 7m. i8s. ; 1,000 meters, ism. 203. 
 
 H. Taylor (Great Britain) qualified as the fastest third. 
 
 SEMI-FINAL HEATS, JULY 9, NOON. 
 First, second and fastest third to qualify for final heat. 
 
 First heat G. R. Hodgson (Canada), 22m. 265., won: J. G. Hatfield (Great 
 Britain), 22m. 332-55., second; H. H. Hardwick (Australia), 23m. 
 i4S., third; W. Andersson (Sweden), fourth; H. Taylor (Great Brit- 
 ain), fifth. Second heat B. v. Lastorres (Hungary), 23m. 9 4-55., 
 won; M. Champion (Australia), 23m. 24 1-55., second; W. Foster 
 (Great Britain), 23m. 32 1-53., third. Longworth did not start. 
 
 Intermediate times: Hodgson 100 meters, im. i8s. ; 200 meters, 2m. 
 455.; 300 meters, 4m. 112-55.; 400 meters, sm. 404-55.; 500 meters, 7m. 
 135.; 600 meters, 8m. 424-53.; 700 meters, lom. 144-55.; 800 meters, nm. 
 455.; 900 meters, i3m. iss.j 1,000 meters, i4m. 455.; 1,100 meters, i6m. 
 2os. ; 1,200 meters, 17111. 51 2-53.; 1,300 meters, igm. 275.; 1,400 meters 
 2om. 553. Hatfield 800 meters, nm. 553.; 1,000 meters, ism. is. Las 
 torres 100 meters, im. 195.; 200 meters, 2m. 463-55.; 300 meters, 4m 
 i8s. ; 400 meters, sm. 495.; 500 meters, 7m. 235.; 600 meters, 8m. 59 2-55. 
 700 meters, lom. 313.; 800 meters, i2m. 52-53.; 900 meters, i3m. 39 4-55. 
 1,000 meters, ism. 135.; 1,100 meters, i6m. 453.; 1,200 meters, i8m. 
 232-55.; 1,300 meters, igm. 585.; 1,400 meters, 2 im. 312-55. 
 
 FINAL HEAT, JULY 10, EVENING. 
 
 G. R. Hodgson (Canada), 22m., won; J. G. Hatfield (Great Britain), 22m. 
 
 395., second; H. H. Hardwick (Australia), 23m. 152-55., third. B. 
 
 v. Lastorres (Hungary) retired after 500 meters, and M. Champion 
 
 (Australia) after 800 meters. 
 
 Intermediate times: Hodgson 100 meters, im. us.; 200 meters, 2m. 
 345.; 300 meters, 4m. 33-55.; 400 meters, sm. 341-55.; 500 meters, 7m. 
 6s.; 600 meters, 8m. 355.; 700 meters, lom. 62-55.; 800 meters, nm. 375.; 
 900 meters, 1301. 73.; 1,000 meters, i4m. 375.; 1,100 meters, i6m. 73.; 
 1,200 meters, i7m. 355.; 1,300' meters, igm. 35.; 1,400 meters, 2om. 335. 
 Hodgson continued for i mile and swam 1,600 meters in 23m, 28 1-53. and 
 i mile in 23m. 34 5-105., a new world's record. His 1,000 meters were 
 taken officially in 1401. 375., also a new world's record. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 171 
 
 PLAIN HIGH DIVING. 
 
 First and second heats, July 6, evening; third and fourth heats, 
 July 7, noon. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat P. Gunther (Germany), place No. 8, 36.1 points, won;.T. 
 Erikson (Sweden), place No. n, 35.8 points, second; T. Ilmoniemi 
 (Finland), place No. 13, 35 points, third; Alfred Johannson (Sweden), 
 place No. 14, fourth. Second heat J. Jansson (Sweden), place No. 5, 
 38.3 points, won; G. W. Gaidzik (U.S.A.), place No. 13, 36.2 points, 
 second; G. Yvon (Great Britain), place No. 17, 35.2 points, third; G. 
 Ekstrand (Sweden), place N*o. 18, fourth; Arthur McAleenan, Jr. 
 (U.S.A.), fifth. Third heat H. Johansson (Sweden), place No. ^ 
 40.1 points, won; T. N. Aro (Finland), place No. 10, 39.4 points, sec- 
 ond; A. W. Runstrom (Sweden), piace No. 15, 38.30 points, third; E. 
 M. Brandsten (Sweden), fourth; V. G. Crondahl (Sweden), fifth. 
 Fourth heat W. E. Adlerz (Sweden), place No- 5, 39.9 points, won; 
 O. W. Wetzell (Finland), place No. 13, 33.8 points, second; K. Kainu- 
 vaara (Finland), place No. 14, 33.2 points, third; A. Ziirner (Ger- 
 many), fourth. 
 
 FINAL HEAT, JULY n, EVENING. 
 
 W. E. Adlerz (Sweden), place No. 7, 40 points, won; H. Johansson (Swe- 
 den), place No. 12, 39.3 points, second; J. Jansson (Sweden), place 
 No. 13, 39.1 points, third; V. G. Crondahl (Sweden), place No. 23, 
 37.1 points, fourth; T. N. Aro (Finland), place No. 26, 36.5 points, 
 fifth; A. W. Runstrom (Sweden), place No. 26, 36.1 points, sixth. 
 P. Gunther, Germany, who qualified for the final, did not compete, owing 
 
 to an injury 'to his hand. 
 
 FANCY HIGH DIVING. 
 
 First and second heats, July 12, noon; third heat, evening. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat H. Johansson (Sweden), place No. 9, 68.6 points, won; A. 
 Ziirner (Germany), place No. 14, 65.4 points, second; H. Luber (Ger- 
 many), place No. 23, 62.66 points, third; E. M. Brandsten (Sweden), 
 place No. 23, 62.42 points, fourth; G. Sjoberg (Sweden), place No. 
 24, 62.8 points, fifth; G. W. Gaidzik (U.S.A.), place No. 25, 62.56 
 points, sixth. Second heat E. W. Adlerz (Sweden), place No. 6, 
 74.76 points, won; G. Blomgren (Sweden), place No. 9, 68.5 points, 
 second; H. Arbin (Sweden), place No. 9, 62.75 points, third; E. R. 
 Eklund (Sweden), place No. 20, 59.94 points, fourth; S. Andersen 
 (Norway), place No. 25, 56.40 points, fifth; O. W. Wetzell (Finland), 
 place No. 32, 50.46 points, sixth. Third heat A. Carlsson (Sweden), 
 place No. 7, 66.98 points, won; G. Yvon (Great Britain), place No. 9, 
 65.7 points, second; T. N. Aro (Finland), place No. 15, 62.75 points, 
 third; Robert Andersson (Sweden), place No. 20, 60.59 points, fourth; 
 J. H. Stefenson (Sweden), place No. 26, 41.54 points, fifth. 
 
 FINAL HEAT, JULY 15, NOON. 
 
 E. W. Adlerz (Sweden), place No. 7, 73.94 points, won; A. Ziirner (Ger- 
 many), place No. 10, 72.60 points, second; G. Blomgren (Sweden), place 
 No. 16, 69.56 points, third; H. Johansson (Sweden), place No. 22, 67.80 
 points, fourth; G. Yvon (Great Britain), place No. 23, 67.60 points, 
 fifth; H. Afbin (Sweden), place No. 30, 62.62 points, sixth; A. 
 Carlsson (Sweden), seventh; T. N. Aro (Finland), eighth. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 173. 
 
 SPRINGBOARD DIVING. 
 
 Three heats, July 8, evening. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat C. Behrens (Germany), place No. 6, 80.14 points, won; P. 
 Giinther, (Germany), place No. 9, 78.14 points, second; A. McAlee- 
 nan, Jr. (U.S.A.), place No. 15, 68.02 points, third; E. Brandsten 
 (Sweden), place No. 20, 65.01 points, fourth. Second heat J. Jans- 
 son (Sweden), place No. 5, 77.77 points, won; A. Ziirner (Germany), 
 place No. 10, 74.64 points, second; E. Ekluiid (Sweden), place No. 16, 
 53.02 points, third; C. Bonfanti (Italy), place No. 19, 46.81 points, 
 fourth. Third heat H. Luber (Germany), place" No. 6, 77.5 points, 
 won; E. Zimmerman (Canada), place No. n, 76.6 points, second; G. 
 W. Gaidzik (U.S.A.), place No. 16, 74.3 points, third; H. E. Pott 
 (Great Britain), place No. 17, 73-94 points, fourth; E. Apelqvist (Swe- 
 den), fifth. 
 
 FINAL HEAT, JULY 9, EVENING. 
 
 Paul Giinther (Germany), place No. 6, 79.23 points, won; H. Luber (Ger- 
 many), place No. 9, 76.78 points, second; C. Behrens (Germany), 
 place No. 22, 73.73 points, third; A. Ziirner (Germany), place No. 23, 
 73-33 points, fourth; E. Zimmerman (Canada), place No. 24, 72.54 
 points, fifth; H. E. Pott (England), place No. 28, 71.25 points, sixth; 
 J. Jansson (Sweden), seventh; G. W. Gaidzik (U.S.A.), eighth. 
 
 800 METERS 4-M EN RELAY RACE. 
 
 (874.8989 yards.) 
 
 Olympic record lom. n 1-55.; Australia (Healy, 2m. 312-53.; Champion, 
 2n ^ 33 3-5 s - Boardman, 2m. 355.; Hardwick, 2m. 31 1-55.), Stock- 
 holm, 1912. 
 
 Two heats, July 12, evening. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat United States (Huszagh, 2m. 354-58.; Duke Kahanamoku, 2in. 
 304-55.; Hebner, 2m. 432-55.; McGillivray, 2m. 362-55.), lom. 262-55., 
 won; Hungary (Beleznay, Zachar, Kenyery, Lastorres), lom. 343-55., 
 second; Great Britain (Foster, Hatfield, Battersby, Taylor), lom. 
 392-53., third. Second heat Australia (Hardwick, 2m. 312-53.; 
 Champion, 2m. 353-55.; Boardman, 2m. 355.;* Healy, 2m. 325.), lom. 
 145., won; Germany (Schiele, Kunisch, Ritter, Bretting), lom. 42 1-55., 
 second. 
 All five teams qualified for final. 
 
 FINAL HEAT, JULY 15, NOON. 
 
 Australia (He^aly, 100 meters, im. 82-55.; 200 meters, 2m. 31 2-55.; Cham- 
 pion, im. ii 3-53., 2m. 333-58.; Boardman, im. 94-53^ 2m. 355.; Hard- 
 wick, im. 95., 2m. 31 1-55.), lom. 11 1-55., won; United States (McGil- 
 livray, im. 82-55., 2m. 312-55.; Hebner, im. 114-55., 2m. 403-55.; 
 Huszagh, im. 102-55., 2m. 371-55.; Kahanamoku, im. 6s., 2m. 313.), 
 lom. 20 1-55., second; England (Battersby, Foster, Hatfield, Taylor), 
 lom. 28 3-55., third; Germany (Schiele, Ritter, Kunisch, Bretting), 
 Hatfield was timed by J. C. Hurd (secretary A.S.A. of England), 2m. 
 
 lom. 335., fourth. 
 29 3-5S., the fastest individual time. 
 
 Hungary, although qualified, did not start. 
 
 WATER POLO. 
 
 July 7, noon England 7, Belgium 5 ; extra period after a tie of 4 each. 
 Referee, G. Wennerstrom, Sweden. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 175 
 
 July 8, noon Sweden 7, France 2. Half time, 4 o. Referee, J. C. Kurd, 
 
 .Great Britain. 
 
 July 9, noon Austria 4, x Hungary 3. Referee, G. Wennerstrom, Sweden. 
 July ip, noon Belgium 6, Hungary 5. Referee, G. W. Hearn, Great 
 
 Britain. 
 July n, noon Belgium 5, France i. Referee, G. W. Hearn, England. 
 
 Evening England 6, Sweden 3. Half time, 2 i. Referee, Van der 
 
 Heyden, Belgium. 
 July 13, evening England 8, Austria o. Half time, 4 o. Referee, Erik 
 
 Bergvall, Sweden. 
 July 14, evening Sweden 8, Austria i. Half time, 5 i. Referee, G. W. 
 
 Hearn, Great Britain. 
 July 15, noon Belgium 4, Austria 3. Half time, 2 i. Referee, Erik 
 
 Bergvall, Sweden. 
 July 1 6, noon Sweden 4, Belgium 2. Referee, G. W. Hearn, Great Britain. 
 
 FINAL RESULT. 
 Great Britain, won; Sweden, second; Belgium, third. 
 
 J-ADIES' ' RACE100 METERS. 
 
 Olympic record im. 19 4-55.; Fanny Durack (Australia), Stockholm, 1912. 
 
 First and second heats, July 8, evening; third, fourth and fifth heats, 
 
 July 9, noon. 
 
 First, second and fastest third qualify for semi-final heat. 
 
 TRIAL HEATS. 
 
 First heat Bella Moore (Great Britain), im. 294-55., won; Louise Otto 
 (Germany), im. 342-55., second; Klara Milch (Austria), im. 371-55., 
 third; Greta Johanson (Sweden), im. 41 2-55., fourth. Second heat 
 Daisy CurWen (Great Britain), im. 23 3-55., won; Jennie Fletcher 
 (Great Britain), im. 26 1-55., second; B. Zahouret (Austria), im. 
 383-55., third; Pepi Kellner (Austria), im. 411-55., fourth; Sonja 
 Johnsson (Sweden), im. 444-55., fifth. Third heat Wilhelmina Wylie 
 (Australia), im. 264-55., won; Mary Langford (Great Britain), im. 
 285., second; Hermine Stindt (Germany), im. 291-55., third; Josefine 
 Sticker (Austria), im. 31 4-55., fourth; Madame Guttenstein (Bel- 
 gium), fifth; Elsa Bjorklund (Sweden), sixth. Fourth heat Fanny 
 Durack (Australia), im. 19 4-55., won; Irene Steer (Great Britain), im. 
 27 1-55., second; Vally Dressel (Germany), im. 28 3-53., third; Mar- 
 
 arete Adler (Austria), im. 342-55., fourth; Greta Carlsson (Swe- 
 en), fifth; Regina Kari (Finland), sixth. Fifth heat Crete Rosen- 
 berg (Germany), im. 255., won; Annie Spiers (Great Britain),- im. 
 2 5 3-5S., second; Vera Thulin (Sweden), im. 445., third. 
 Vally Dressel (Germany) qualified as the fastest third. 
 
 SEMI-FINAL HEATS, JULY 11, NOON. 
 First, second and fastest third qualify for final heat. 
 
 First heat Fanny Durack (Australia), im. 20 1-55., won; Daisy Curwen 
 (Great Britain), im. 264-55., second; Annie Spiers (Great Britain), 
 im. 275., third; Bella Moore (Great Britain), im. 274-55.. fourth; 
 Louise Otto (Germany), fifth; Mary Langford (Great Britain), sixth. 
 Second heat Wilhelmina Wylie (Australia), im. 273., won; Jennie 
 Fletcher (Great Britain), im. 271-55., second; Vally Dressel (Ger- 
 many), im. 29 1-55., third. 
 
 Crete Rosenberg (Germany) allowed in final, owing to having been inter- 
 fered with. Irene Steer (Great Britain), who ^finished third in im. 295., 
 disqualified for interfering. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 177 
 
 FINAL HEAT, JULY 12, EVENING. 
 
 Fanny Durack (Australia), im. 22 1-55., won; Wilhelmina Wylie (Aus- 
 tralia), im. 25 2-55., second; Jennie Fletcher (Great Britain), im. 275., 
 third; Crete Rosenberg (Germany), im. 27 1-55., fourth; Annie Spiers 
 (Great Britain), im. 27 2-55., fifth. 
 
 LADIES' PLAIN HIGH DIVING. 
 
 First heat, July 10, noon; second heat, evening. 
 
 First heat Greta Johanson (Sweden), place No. 5, 36.2 points, won; Lisa 
 Regnell (Sweden), place No. 13, 34.1 points, second; Isabelle White 
 (England), place No. 14, 33.9 points, third; Tora Larsson (Sweden), 
 place No. 21, 31 points, fourth; T. Selma Andersson (Sweden), place 
 No. 23, 30.6 points, fifth; Elsa Andersson (Sweden), place No. 25, 
 27.7 points, sixth. Second heat Ella Eklund (Sweden), place No. 7, 
 34.4 points, won; Elsa Regnell (Sweden), place No. 8, 34.9 points, 
 second; Gerda Johansson (Sweden), place No. 16, 28.7 points, third; 
 Dagmar Nilsson (Sweden), place No. 19, 27.7 points, fourth; Ester 
 Edstrom (Sweden), fifth. 
 
 FINAL HEAT, JULY 13, EVENING. 
 
 Greta Johanson (Sweden), place No. 5, 39.9 points, won; Lisa Regnell 
 (Sweden), place No. 9, 36 points, second; Isabelle White (Great Brit- 
 ain), place No. 17, 34 points, third; Elsa Regnell (Sweden), place No. 
 20, 33.2 points, fourth; Elsa Anderson (Sweden), place No. 26, 31.3 
 points, fifth; Ella Eklund (Sweden), place No. 32, 31.9 points, sixth; 
 Selma Andersson (Sweden), seventh; Tora Larsson (Sweden), eighth. 
 
 LADIES' RELAY RACE 400 METERS. 
 
 Teams composed of four, each to swim 100 meters. 
 
 FINAL HEAT, JULY 15, NOON. 
 
 England (Bella Moore, im. 282-55.; Irene Steer, im. 294-55.; A. Spiers, 
 im. 291-58.; J. Fletcher, im. 252-55.), sm. 524-53., won; Germany 
 (Hermine Stindt, Louise Otto, Vally Dressel, Crete Rosenberg), 6m. 
 43-5S., second; Austria (Klara Milch, F. Sticker, P. Kellner, B. 
 Zahourek), 6m. 175., third; Sweden, fourth. 
 
 300 METERS SWIM FOR LADIES. 
 
 July 15, evening. 
 
 Attempt to break the world's record by Miss Fanny Durack (Australia). 
 Time, 4m. 43 3-55. 100 meters in im. 245.; 200 meters, 3m. 55. 
 
 FASTEST TIMES IN OLYMPIC GAMES. 1912 
 
 ioo Meters im. 2 2-55., Duke P. Kahanamoku, U.S.A.; im. 4 1-55., K. 
 Huszagh, U.S.A., and C. Bretting, Germany; im. 4 2-55., Perry McGilli- 
 vray, U.S.A.; im. 4 3-55., C. Healy, Australia; im. 5^1-53., Wm. Long- 
 worth, Australia'; im. 5 3-55., L. Boardman, Australia; im. 5 4-53., H. 
 Hardwick, Australia, and W. Ramine, Germany; im. 7 3-55., N. T. 
 Nerich, U.S.A.; im. 8s., R. M. Ritter, Germany, and L. Beleznay, Hun- 
 gary. 
 
 400 Meters sm. 24 2-55., G. R. Hodgson, Canada; sm. 25 3-55., J. G. Hat- 
 field, Great Britain; sm. 315., H. Hardwick, Australia; sm. 343., C. 
 Healy, Australia; sm. 34 4-55., B. V. Lastorres, Hungary; sm. 375., 
 M. Champion, Australia; sm. 44 3-55., R. M. Ritter, Germany; sm. 465., 
 A. Kenyery, Hungary. 
 
 1500 Meters 22m., G. R. Hodgson, Canada; 22m. 33 2-55., J. G. Hatfield, 
 Great Britain; 22m. 585., B. V. Lastorres, Hungary; 23m. 2 3-55., Wm. 
 Longworth, Australia; 23m. 12 1-55., W. Andersson, Sweden; 23m. 145., 
 H. Hardwick, Australia; 23m. 24 1-53., M. Champion, Australia; 23m. 
 32 i -55., W. Foster, Great Britain. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 179 
 
 WINNERS OF OLYMPIC COMPETITIONS 
 OTHER THAN TRACK AND FIELD 
 
 CYCLING ROAD RACE AROUND LAKE MALAR. 
 
 Distance about 200 miles. Partly individual and partly team race. 
 Individual results R. Lewis (South Africa), i, time loh. 42m. 395.; F. H. 
 Grubb (Great Britain), 2; C. O. Schutte (U.S.A.), 3. Team results 
 Sweden, i; Great Britain, 2; United States, 3. 
 
 FENCING. 
 
 Individual foils N. Nadi (Italy), i; P. Speciale (Italy), 2; R. Verderber 
 (Austria), 3. Team sword contest Belgium, i; Great Britain, 2; 
 Holland, 3. Individual sword contest P. Anspach (Belgium), i ; I. 
 Ossier (Denmark), 2; P. le Hardy de Beaulieu (Belgium), 3. Team 
 sabre contest Hungary, i; Austria, 2; Holland, 3. Individual sabre 
 contest J. Fuchs (Hungary), i; E. Bekessy (Hungary), 2; E. Mes- 
 zaros (Hungary). 3. 
 
 GYMNASTICS. 
 
 Team competition (according to the Swedish system) Sweden, i ; Den- 
 mark, 2; Norway, 3. Team competition (any except Swedish exer- 
 cises) Italy, i; Hungary, 2; Great Britain, 3. Team competition (with 
 free choice of movements and apparatus) Norway, i; Finland, 2; 
 Denmark, 3. Individual competition A. Braglia (Italy), i; L. Segura 
 (France), 2; A. Tunesi (Italy), 3. 
 
 LAWN TENNIS. 
 
 Covered court competitions Gentlemen's singles: A. Gobert (France), i; 
 C. P. Dixon (Great Britain), 2; A. F. Wilding (Australia), 3. Ladies' 
 singles: Miss E. M. Hannam (Great Britain), i; Miss T. G. S. Casten- 
 schiold (Denmark), 2; Miss M. B. Parton, 3. Gentlemen's doubles: 
 A. Gobert and M. Germo't (France), i; G. Setterwall and G. Kempe 
 (Sweden), 2; C. P. Dixon and A. E. Beamish (Great Britain), 3. 
 Mixed doubles: Miss E. M. Hannam and C. P. Dixon (Great Brit- 
 ain), i; Miss F. H. Aitchison and H. Koper Barrett (Great Britain), 
 2; Mrs. S. Fick and G. Setterwall (Sweden), 3. Outdoor courts- Gen- 
 tlemen's singles: C. L. Winslow (South Africa), i; H. A. Kitspn 
 (South Africa), 2; O. Kreuzer (Germany), 3. Ladies' singles: Miss 
 M. Broquedis (France), i; Miss D. Koring (Germany), 2; Miss M. 
 Bjurstedt (Norway), 3. Gentlemen's doubles: H. A. Kitson and C. L. 
 Winslow (South Africa), i; A. Zborzil and F. Pipes C Austria), 2; A. 
 Canet and M. Meny (France), 3. Mixed doubles: Miss D. Koring 
 and H. Schomburgk (Germany), i; Mrs. S. Fick and G. Setterwall 
 (Sweden), 2; Miss M. Broquedis and A. Canet (France), 3. 
 
 MODERN PENTATHLON. 
 
 Consisting of duel shooting, swimming, fencing, riding, cross- 
 country race. 
 
 G. Lilliehook (Sweden), i; G. Asbrink (Sweden), 2; G. de Laval (Swe- 
 den), 3; A. E. Gronhagen (Sweden), 4; G. S. Patton, Jr. (U.S.A.), 5- 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 181 
 
 ROWING. 
 
 Eight-oar, outriggers Leander R.C. (Great Britain), i; New College (Great 
 Britain), 2. Four-oar, outriggers Ludwigshafen R.V. (Germany), i; 
 Thames R.C. (Great Britain), 2. Four-oar, inriggers Denmark, i ; 
 Sweden, 2. Single sculls W. D. Kinnear (Great Britain), i; P. 
 Veirman (Belgium), 2. 
 
 SHOOTING. 
 
 Army rifle shooting Team competition: United States, i; Great Britain. 
 2; Sweden, 3. Individual competition, 600 meters P. R. Colas (France), 
 i; C. T. Osburn (U.S.A.), 2; J. E. Jackson (U.S.A.), 3. Individual 
 competition, 300 meters A. Prokopp (Hungary), i; C. T. Osburn 
 (U.S.A.), 2; E. E. Skogen (Norway), 3. Shooting with any rifle Team 
 competition: Sweden, i; Norway, 2; Denmark, 3. Individual compe- 
 tition, 300 meters P. R. Colas (France), i; J. L. Madsen (Denmark). 
 2; N. H. D. Larsen (Denmark), 3. Miniature rifle shooting Team 
 competition, 50 meters: Great Britain, i; Sweden, 2; United States, 3. 
 Individual competition, 50 meters F. S. Hird (U.S.A.), i; W. Milne 
 (Great Britain), 2; H. Burt (Great Britain), 3. Team competition, 
 25 meters Sweden, i; Great Britain, 2; United States, 3. Individual 
 competition, 25 meters W. Carlberg (Sweden), i; J. H. von Hoist 
 (Sweden), 2; G. Ericsson (Sweden), 3. Revolver and Pistol Shooting 
 Team competition: United States, i; Sweden, 2; Great Britain, 3. 
 Individual competition, 50 meters A. P. Lane (U.S.A.), i; P. J. 
 Dolfen (U.S.A.), 2; G. E. Stewart (Great Britain), 3. Duel shooting 
 Team competition: Sweden, i ; Russia, 2; Great Britain, 3. Individual 
 competition, 30 meters A. P. Lane (U.S.A.'), i; P. Palen (Sweden), 
 2; H. von Hoist (Sweden), 3. Clay Bird Shooting Team competition: 
 United States, i; Great Britain, 2; Germany, 3. Individual compe- 
 tition J. R. Graham (U.S.A.), i; A. Goeldel (Germany), 2; H. Blau 
 (Russia), 3. Running Deer Shooting Team competition: Sweden, i; 
 United States, 2; Finland, 3. Individual competition, 100 meters; 
 single shots A. Swahn (Sweden), i; A. Lundeberg (Sweden), 2; N. 
 Toivonen (Finland), 3. Double shot, 100 meters A. Lundeberg (Swe- 
 den), i; E. Benedicks (Sweden), 2; O. G. Swahn (Sweden), 3. 
 
 SOCCER FOOT BALL. 
 
 Great Britain, i; Denmark, 2; Holland, 3. 
 
 WRESTLING, 
 
 Featherweight Kalle Koskelo (Finland), i; G. Gerstacker (Germany), 2; 
 O. A. Lasanen (Finland), 3. Lightweight E. E. Ware (Finland), i; 
 G. H. Malmstrom (Sweden), 2; E. Matiason (Sweden), 3. Middle- 
 weight (a) C. E. Johansson (Sweden), i; M. Klein (Russia), 2; A. 
 Asikainen (Finland), 3. Middleweight (b) A. O. Ahlgren (Sweden), 
 i; I. T. Boling (Finland), 2; B. Varga (Hungary), 3. Heavyweight 
 U. Saarela (Finland), i; J. Olin (Finland), 2; S. M. Jensen (Den- 
 mark), 3. 
 
 YACHT RACING 
 
 Held July 20, 21, 22. Classes, 6, 8, 10 and 12 meters. Helmsman 
 and every member of crew must be amateurs. There were two races 
 in each class, with the following method of scoring: first place, 7 points; 
 second place, 3 points; third place, i point; and, if necessary, an extra 
 race between yachts with the same number of points. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 183 
 
 12 meter class, cruisers, Group A Firsl round: Magda IX i, Erna Signe 
 2, Heatherbell 3. Second round: Magda IX i, Erna Signe 2, Heather- 
 bell 3. First prize, Magda IX (Alfred Larsen, Norway) ; second 
 prize, Erna Signe (N. Persson and N. Asp, Sweden) ; third prize, 
 Heatherbell (E. Krogius, Finland). 
 
 10 meter class, cruisers, Group A First round: Kitty i, Nina 2, 
 Gallia II 3. Second round: Kitty i, Gallia II 2, Nina 3. Extra 
 round: Nina i, Gallia II 2. First prize, Kitty (N. Asp, Sweden); 
 second prize, Nina (Harry Wahl, Finland) ; third prize, Gallia II 
 (Alex. Wischnegradsky, Russia). 
 
 8 meter class, cruisers, Group A First round: Taifun i, Sans Atout 2, 
 Orn 3. Second round: Taifun i, Lucky Girl 2, Orn 3. Extra 
 round: Sans Atout i, Lucky Girl 2. First prize, Taifun (Thoralf 
 Glad, Norway) ; second prize. Sans Atout (B. Heyman, Sweden) ; 
 third prize, Lucky Girl (Bertil and Gunnar Tallberg, Finland). 
 
 6 meter class, cruisers, Group A First round: Nurdug II i, MacMiche 2, 
 Saas 3. Second round: MacMiche i, Nurdug II 2, Kerstin 3. Extra 
 round: Mac Miche i, Nurdug II 2, Kerstin 3. First prize, Mac 
 Miche (G. Thube and G. Fitau, France) ; second prize, Nurdug if 
 (Otto Reedz-Thott, Denmark) ; third prize, Kerstin (Dan Brostrom, 
 Sweden). 
 
 HORSE RIDING 
 
 Held July 13-17, 1912. Team and individual competition. 
 
 I. MILITARY. 
 
 Combined team and individual competition, comprising (i) Distance ride 
 (about 34 miles), of which (2) is a cross-country ride of about 3 
 miles; (3) Individual steeplechase ride; (4) Prize jumping; (5) Prize 
 riding. (See table on following page.) 
 
 II. PRIZE RIDING. 
 
 Capt. C. Bonde (Sweden), i; Major G. A. Boltenstern (Sweden), 2; 
 Lieut. H. von Blixen-Finecke (Sweden), 3; Capt. von Oesterley 
 (Germany), 4; Lieut. C. Rosenblad (Sweden), 5; Capt. O. af Strom 
 (Sweden), 6. Twenty-one entered. 
 
 III. PRIZE JUMPING. 
 
 Individual competition, maximum 190 points. Team competition, 
 maximum 570 points. 
 
 Individual competition Capt. Cariou (France), 186 points, i; Lieut. - 
 Col. von Krocher (Germany), 186 points, 2; Capt. E. de Blommaert 
 (Belgium), 185 points-, 3; Lieut. H. S. L. Scott (Great Britain), 
 184 points, 4: Lieut. -Col. Freyer (Germany), 5; Lieut, von Hohenau 
 (Germany), Capt. N. Adlecreutz (Sweden), and Lieut. E. G. Caspars- 
 son (Sweden) 181 points, tied for 6. Thirty-one entries. 
 
 Team competition, points of first three to count Swedish team (Lieut. 
 Lewenhaupt, Lieut. Kilman, Lieut, von Rosen, Lieut. Rosencrantz), 
 545 points, i ; French team (Lieut. d'Astafort, Capt. Cariou, Com. 
 Meyer, Lieut. Seigner), 538 points, 2; German team (Lieut. -Col. 
 Freyer, Lieut, von Hohenau, Lieut. Deloch, Seine Konigliche Hoheit 
 Prinz, Lieut. Friedrich Karl von Preussen), 530 points, 3; United 
 States team (Lieut. Montgomery, Capt. Henry, Lieut. Ben Lear), 
 527 points, 4; Russian -team (Capt. Rodzianko, Lieut. Pleckhoff, 
 Capt. Selikhoff, Son Altesse Imperial, Grand Due Dmitry Pawlo- 
 witch, Lieut.), 520 points, 5; Belgian team^ (Capt. de Blommaert, 
 Lieut, de Trannoy, Lieut. Convert), 510 points, 6. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
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SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 RIFLE SHOOTING COMPETITIONS 
 
 BY LIEUT. A. S. JONES 
 Secretary National Rifle Association of America 
 
 The United States may well be proud of the record of its rifle 
 shooting representatives at the Olympic Games. They not only 
 won what they went after, but some matches in addition, in whic?i 
 they did not expect to nave even a look-in. 
 
 The primary object in sending a rifle team to Stockholm was 
 to win the military match and retain the title of champions of 
 the world with the army rifle. To accomplish this purpose the 
 other matches were sacrificed, but it was decided also to engage 
 in the following matches under different conditions : 
 
 Individual competition with army rifle at 300 meters ; indi- 
 vidual competition with army rifle at 600 meters ; team compe- 
 tition, "any" rifle, at 300 meters ; individual competition, "any'* 
 rifle, at 300 meters; team competition, .22 caliber rifle, at 
 50 meters; individual competition, .22 caliber rifle, at 50 meters; 
 team competition, .22 caliber rifle rapid fire at 25 meters; indi- 
 vidual competition, .22 caliber rifle, rapid fire, at 25 meters ; 
 team competition, running deer, at 100 meters ; individual com- 
 petition, running deer, single shot, 100 meters, and individual 
 competition, running deer, double shot 100 meters. 
 
 The most remarkable feature of this team's record was the 
 fact that military shooters, with very little preparatory practice 
 for the miniature matches, entered these competitions, were third 
 in the 50 meter team match, third in the rapid fire team match, 
 and won the individual 50 meter match. 
 
 In the running deer competition our men thought they had 
 so little chance, after watching the practice of the teams from 
 other nations, that it was decided not to enter a team, bi^" at 
 the last minute this decision was reversed, as it was thought that 
 it might be interpreted as lack of sportsmanship, and the team 
 was entered at the eleventh hour. Much to their own surprise 
 as well as everybody else's, they won second place. 
 
 As all the matches, except the army rifle matches, were new to 
 pur men, the difficulties may be mentioned. It was decided that 
 it was impracticable to enter a team in the matches with "any" 
 rifle, as there were no rifles taken along with the party that 
 could be used to advantage for this style of shooting. A try-out 
 was held with the Springfield rifle, to see if the scores would 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 189 
 
 compare with those being made by the shooters of the other 
 nations with their Schuetzen rifles, but the comparison caused 
 the team captain to withdraw from those matches. 
 
 It was thought that the cutting out of the long ranges in 
 the army rifle team individual matches would seriously hurt the 
 chances of the American competitors, as they are particularly 
 strong in this style of shooting, but the results showed other- 
 wise. 
 
 To sum up, the rifle team won the total number of 15 points 
 for the United States. Furthermore, not only was the team suc- 
 cessful far beyond their most sanguine expectation, but it can 
 truthfully be said that they left behind them an impression for 
 sportsmanship, manly bearing and good-fellowship that will leave 
 r. lasting impression upon all their competitors. It was the most 
 popular rifle team there and received more attention and cour- 
 tesies than were accorded to the other nations. The policy of 
 the captains of the different teams from the first was that of 
 accepting every decision with the best of grace. Their patience 
 was tried more than once by conflicting decisions, changes of 
 programme and vague rules which were not interpreted in some 
 cases until the matches began. Several times the Americans were 
 appealed to to take the initiative in making protests, but refrained 
 in every case from not only taking the initiative, but even in 
 joining with other nations in protesting. 
 
 To sum up the results of the matches, they are as follows : 
 International team competition, army rifle, team of six men 
 firing 15 shots for record at 200, 400, 500 and 600 meters, won by 
 United States. The scores and final standing of the teams were 
 as follows : 
 
 
 i. UNITED 
 
 STATES. 
 
 
 
 200 
 
 400 
 
 500 
 
 600 Total. 
 
 Capt. A. L. Briggs, U.S. A 
 
 72 
 
 75 
 
 70 
 
 66 283 
 
 Lieut. C. T. Osburn, 
 
 U.S.N 
 
 73 
 
 75 
 
 72 
 
 58 278 
 
 Sergt. H. L. Adams, 
 
 U.S.A 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 62 283 
 
 Capt. C. L. Burdette 
 
 , W.V.N.G 
 
 74 
 
 73 
 
 7i 
 
 70 288 
 
 Hos. Steward W. A 
 
 Sprout, U.S.N. . 
 
 74 
 
 74 
 
 69 
 
 59 276 
 
 Sergt. J. E. Jackson, 
 
 Iowa N.G 
 
 7i 
 
 73 
 
 69 
 
 66 279 
 
 Totals 
 
 
 438 
 
 444 
 
 424 
 
 381 1,687 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 
 . 428 
 
 410 
 
 39i 
 
 373 ,602 
 
 Sweden 
 
 
 4i7 
 
 416 
 
 384 
 
 353 57 
 
 South Africa 
 
 
 415 
 
 387 
 
 393 
 
 336 ,531 
 
 France 
 
 
 . 405 
 
 407 
 
 377 
 
 326 ,515 
 
 Norway 
 
 
 408 
 
 378 
 
 358 
 
 329 ,473 
 
 Greece, total score.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,445 
 
 Denmark, total score 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,419 
 
 Russia, total score. . 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,403 
 
 Hungary, total score 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,333 
 
 The United States led at every stage of the match. 
 
.C C 
 
SPALBING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 191 
 
 INDIVIDUAL COMPETITION ARMY RIFLE 300 METERS. 
 
 This match was a sort of rapid fire match. Each contestant 
 fired 10 shots at a stationary target and 10 shots, rapid lire, at 
 a half-figure target, three minutes being allowed for the 10 
 shots. For this match the Americans had very little training and 
 such as they had was in a different manner from that used in the 
 match. The high score of 97 points was made by a Hungarian. 
 For the second place, Osburn of the United States and a Nor- 
 wegian and Greek tied. In the shoot-off Osburn won, with a. 
 score of 99, topping the winning score of the match by two 
 points. There were 91 contestants in this match, 
 
 INDIVIDUAL COMPETITION ARMY RIFLE 600 METERS. 
 
 The conditions of this match called for 20 shots for record on 
 a bullseye target. There were 86 contestants, 
 
 1. P. R. Colas, France 94 3. A. L. Briggs, U.S 93 
 
 2. C. T. Osburn, U.S 94 4. J. E. Jackson, U.S 93 
 
 It will be seen from this that the United States captured three 
 of the four places and a shoot-off was necessary to decide the 
 ties. In the shoot-off for first and second place Colas won by 
 one point, with a score of 91, Osburn one point behind. The 
 shoot-off between Jackson and Briggs was won by Jackson, with 
 a score of 90, Briggs 89. 
 
 MINIATURE MATCHES 50 METER TEAM MATCH. 
 
 It was apparent from the beginning of this competition that 
 the United States team was outclassed, not only because of lack 
 of practice, but in equipment as well. Both the British and 
 Swedish teams had been practising at this game for a long time 
 and had perfect team organization as well as equipment. 
 Furthermore, the Americans dropped their army rifles to take up 
 their .22's, and Osburn was compelled to sight in his rifle in the 
 match. With all these handicaps, however, the United States suc- 
 ceeded in getting third place. 
 
 1. Great Britain 762 Individual scores of American team: 
 
 2. Sweden 748 W. A. Sprout... 193 
 
 3. United States 744 W. F. Leushner 188 
 
 4. France 714 F. S. Hird 185 
 
 5. Denmark 708 C. T. Osburn... 178 
 
 6. Greece 708 744 
 
 INDIVIDUAL MATCH 50 METERS 40 SHOTS. 
 
 Great was the surprise of the United States contingent when 
 at the close of this competition it was found that Captain Fred 
 S. Hird of Des Moines, Iowa, had won the match with a score 
 of 194 out of the possible 200. Second, third, fourth, fifth and 
 
OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Mr. John J. Sweeney and Dr. F. N. Bonine. field umpires at base ball garae 
 between the Olympics (East) and Finlands (West) played in Stockholm, 
 Sweden, in connection with Olympic Games, 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 193 
 
 sixth places were taken by the Britishers, and seventh place 
 went to Sergeant Leushner of Buffalo. Only five points sepa- 
 rated the tenth man from the winner. 
 
 TEAM COMPETITION 25 METERS. 
 
 Target Silhouette figure of a man 4.7 inches high; 25 shots each man; 
 time limit of 3 seconds for each shot. 
 
 Much to the surprise of all the other nations, it was found 
 that the Swedish team was resting the butt of the rifle and the 
 back of the hand upon the ground, thus practically giving 
 machine rest. This position was ruled by the Swedish officer in 
 charge to be not artificial. When we found this out our men 
 also decided to use this position, but it is doubtful whether it 
 was any advantage to them, as they were not accustomed to it. 
 In this match the number of hits counted. In case of tie the 
 ring count was to be used. Both the British and Swedish teams 
 made one miss. The last competitor on the United States team 
 got one shot alongside of the neck. If it had been a hit it would 
 have given the match to the United States. 
 
 1. Sweden 925 Individual scores of American team: 
 
 2. Great Britain 917 F. S. Hird 227 
 
 3. United States 88 1 W. A. Sprout... 221 
 
 4. Greece 716 W. N. McDonnell 217 
 
 W. F\ Leushner. 216 
 
 881 
 
 RUNNING DEER MATCHES TEAM MATCH. 
 
 It was only at the eleventh hour that it was decided to enter 
 a team in this match. The run of the deer was 23 meters, and 
 the time in crossing the line of vision was four seconds. The 
 distance from the firing point to the target was 100 meters. The 
 personnel of the United States team was : Mr. Walter Winans, 
 Colonel Libbey, Sergeant Leushner and Surgeon McDonnell, 
 ' U. S. N. They took second place, Sweden being the victors, with 
 Finland third. 
 
 The lesson of these matches is that to make a creditable record 
 in each shooting event, shooters must specialize and not try to 
 do too many things with the same set of men. At the Olympic 
 Games in Berlin, in 1916, the miniature and running deer entries 
 should be composed of separate teams of men who should be 
 selected for these teams after a try-out in these particular lines 
 of shooting. It is doubtful whether the National Rifle Associa- 
 tion of America could raise enough money by public subscrip- 
 tion to send separate teams to the foreign countries and the gov- 
 ernment should be asked to assist financially in the sending of 
 representatives to the Olympic events. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 195 
 
 PISTOL AND REVOLVER COMPETITIONS 
 
 As a result of the Peekskill tryout on June 4, Messrs. Lane, 
 Dietz, Roedder, Dolfen, LeBoutillier and Sears were entered as 
 America's representatives in the 50 meter team contest. Accom- 
 panied by Captain R. H. Sayre, captain of the team, the members 
 sailed on the Finland, with the American athletes. Unfortunately 
 at the last moment a serious illness in the family of Mr. LeBou- 
 tillier made it impossible for that gentleman to go with the others 
 and as the entries had closed only five men were left from whom 
 to select a team, instead of the six, the maximum number. 
 
 The following details of the pistol and revolver competition are 
 from an account furnished by Captain Sayre to the U. S. R. A. 
 Bulletin. 
 
 The individual dueling match at 30 meters was shot on Satur- 
 day, July 29. For a long time Dietz, with 283, was high man, 
 then Dolfen made 284, but a ten was not allowed on the ground 
 that the target was moving when the bullet hit it. Captain 
 Sayre claimed that Dolfen shot inside his three seconds limit 
 and that if the target moved just as he shot, the shot ought 
 to have come in sidewise as it takes an appreciable time for a 
 .22 bullet to travel thirty yards. The matter is not covered by 
 the printed rules and was referred to the International Jury 
 on shooting. After this Lane won first place, with 287, and the 
 last man up, a Swede, A. G. Paul Palen made 286, getting sec- 
 ond place. Lieut. Von Holtz of Germany had tied Dietz with 283 
 and on the shoot-off Von Holtz made 284 and Dietz 282. Of the 
 American shooters, Winans made 286, Roedder 275, Sayre 268 
 and Sears 266. 
 
 The dueling team match was shot on Saturday afternoon, 
 June 29, and the Americans were not permitted to substitute 
 Dolfen for LeBoutillier, who had been entered but was unable to 
 come with the team. The American team was made up of Lane, 
 Sayre, Winans and Dietz and secured fourth place, the Swedish 
 team winning with a fine score and no misses. The scores of 
 the first six nations follows : 
 
 i. Sweden 2. Russia 
 
 Lt. W. Carlbery. 290 Kach 281 
 
 E. Carlbery 287 Melnitsky 273 
 
 P. Palen 284 Woiloschnikoff . . 270 
 
 Lt, H, Von Holtz 284 Partehimonoff ... 267 
 
 1145 1091 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 197 
 
 3. Great Britain 4. United States 
 
 S. M. Durant A. P. Lane 291 
 
 S. M. Kempster R. H. Sayre 273 
 
 H. O. Poulter Walter Winans. . 271 
 C. E. Stewart J. A. Dietz 261 
 
 1107 1096 
 
 5. Greece 1057 6. France 
 
 Edmon Sandoz. . . 285 
 Baron Jambert... 275 
 M. C. Montfort.. 259 
 Maurice Faure... 220 
 
 1039 
 
 The individual 50 meter competition was shot at 12.30 P. M., 
 Monday, July i. A. P. Lane of New York won first place and 
 P. J. Dolfen of Springfield second. There were more than 
 fifty contestants and the scores of the leaders follow : 
 
 1. A. P. Lane (U.S.A.) . 499 12. E. Carlbery (Sweden).. . 452 
 
 2. P. J. Dolfen (U.S.A.).... 474 13. R. H. Sayre (U.S.A.).... 452 
 
 3. C. E. Stewart (Gr. Brit.). 470 14. Rogand (France) 447 
 
 4. G. de Laval (Sweden) 470 15. W. Carlbery (Sweden) 446 
 
 5. Bosteom (Sweden) 468 16. Paultenrynoff (Russia) 442 
 
 6. H. O. Poulter (Gr. Brit.). 461 17. Theophilakis (Greece) 441 
 
 7. H. E. Sears (U.S.A.) 459 18. Kouskoff (Russia) 438 
 
 8. Panin (Russia) 457 19. Durant (Great Britain)... 433 
 
 9. John A. Dietz (U.S.A.)... 454 20. Larssen (Sweden) 432 
 
 10. Johnson (France) 454 21. H. Roedder (U.S.A.) 431 
 
 11. A. Torok (Austria) 453 
 
 On Tuesday, July 2, the 50 meter team contest, the event for 
 which the Americans had especially trained, was shot and was 
 won handily by America with Sweden, England, Russia and 
 Greece following in the order named. 
 
 i. United States 2. Sweden 
 
 A. P. Lane 509 Lt. G. de Laval.. 475 
 
 H. E. Sears 474 E, Bosteom , 443 
 
 P. J. Dolfen 467 Lt. W. Carlbery,. 459 
 
 J. A. Dietz 466 Lt. E. Carlbery.. 472 
 
 1916 1849 
 
 3. Great Britain 4. Russia 
 
 C. E. Stewart. . . . 435 Schesterikoff .... 448 
 
 A. J. Kempster.. 452 Panin 469 
 
 H. Durant 456 Metuitzki 437 
 
 H. O. Poulter.... 461 Voyloschnikoff .. 447 
 
 1804 1801 
 
 5. Greece 
 
 Mavsommatis . . . 454 
 
 Scarlatos 429 
 
 A. Theophilakis. . 406 
 J. Theophilakis.. . 472 
 
 1761 
 
OLYMPISKA 
 SPELEN 
 
 
 GAMES) 
 
 OSTERMALMS IDROTTSPLATS 
 Mandagen d. 15 Juli kl. 10-lbo f. m. 
 
 BASEBOLL 
 
 Amerikanskt 
 
 Baseboll-lag 
 
 mot 
 
 Vastertis' 
 
 Basebollklubb. 
 
 J*~- sverige ^ Ursta gangen i taflan mot 
 utlandskt Baseboll-lag. 
 
 Tva Amerikanska lag spela 
 
 5 innings mot hvarandra. 
 
 Segrande laget mdter Va 
 
 steras' Basebollklubb. 
 
 Sasom domare fungerar den 
 
 valkande f. d. professionelle 
 
 BaseboU-spelaren GEORG 
 
 WRIGHT, som 1809 gjorde 
 
 en fard jorden rondt med 
 
 "The Champion Baseboll 
 
 Team of the World" 
 
 OLYMPIC GAMES AT STOCKHOLM SWEDEN, 1912. 
 
 Poster advertising the Base Ball Game between American an 
 
 Swedish players. 
 
SP ALBINO'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 199 
 
 BASE BALL AT ^STOCKHOLM, 1912 
 
 SWEDEN VS. UNITED STATES. 
 
 The Swedish team was augmented by a battery consisting of Ben Adams 
 and Wesley Oler, Jr., furnished by the American players. 
 
 SWEDEN. AB. R. H. P. A. E. UNITED STATES. AB. R. H. P. A. E. 
 
 Oler, c 4 o i 7 2 o Drew, rf i i 
 
 B. Adams, p 3 o i 2 2 i Whitney, rf i i 
 
 Nelson, p i o o o i o Courtney, 3b.... 3 2 
 
 Holden, p o o o o o o Kiviat, ss 4 2 
 
 Sapery, ss 4 o o o o o Jones, 2b 3 i 
 
 Welin, ib 3 o o 2 o i Kelly, cf 3 i 
 
 Wikman, 3b 3 o i o o o Patterson, cf.... i o 
 
 Landahl, 2b 3 o i 3 o 2 Davenport, c... . . 3 2 
 
 Larson, rf 3 i i o o o Irons, If 2 o 
 
 Torsleff, If 2 i i o o i Horine, If i i 
 
 Johannson, If.... i i i o o o Bonhag, ib 2 o 
 
 Axell, cf 3 o o i o o Blanchard, ib.... i i 
 
 Byrd, p o o 
 
 Haff, p 2 o 
 
 McClure, p o i 
 
 Totals 30 3 7 15 5 5 Totals 27 13 10 21* 4 2 
 
 * Sweden allowed 6 put-outs in last (sixth) inning. 
 
 United States 4 i o o 8 x 13 
 
 Sweden o o o 2 o i 3 
 
 Two-base hits Courtney, Wikman. Three-base hit Kiviat. Stolen bases 
 
 Kiviat, Jones 2, Davenport 2, Johannson. Bases on balls Off B. Adams 
 i, off Nelson 3. Struck out By B. Adams 3, by Byrd 3, by Haff 3, by 
 McClure i, by Nelson 3, by Holden i. Double plays Byrd to Bonhag. 
 
 Wild pitches B. Adams, Nelson. Hit by pitched ball Drew, Kelly. 
 Passed balls Oler 2, Davenport 2. Umpire Mr. George Wright. 
 
 UNITED STATES TEAMS EAST VS. WEST. 
 
 The exhibition game of base ball, arranged by the athletes of the Ameri- 
 can Olympic team, was played between representatives of the Eastern and 
 Western portions of the United States, who called themselves for the 
 occasion "Finlands" (West) and "Olympics" (East). 
 
 FINLAND. AB. R. H. P. A. E. OLYMPIC. AB. R. H. P. A. E. 
 
 Irons, 2b.. 401041 Drew, rf 3' i i o o o 
 
 Courtney, ss 3 o o i i o Kiviat, ss 3 i 2 i 2 2 
 
 Davenport, If . . . . 4 o i i o i Brickley, c 3 o 014 2 o 
 
 Lindberg, c 4 o 012 2 i Mercer, 3b 4 i i o i o 
 
 Haff, ib 4 o o 7 o o P. Adams, p 4 i o i 2 o 
 
 Kelly, 3b 3 2 2 2 i 3 Jones, 2b 2 o i o i o 
 
 Horine, cf 41 1300 Bonhag, ib 40080 i 
 
 McClure, rf., p.. 4 o 2 o i o Holden, If 4 i o 2 o i 
 
 Byrd, p, rf 3 o o i i o B. Adams, cf , . . . 2 o o i o o 
 
 Oler, cf 2 i i o o o 
 
 Thorpe, rf 2 o i o o o 
 
 Totals 33 3 7 27 10 6 Totals 33 6 7 27 8 4 
 
 Two-base hits Kelly; Thorpe, Kiviat. Stolen bases Irons, Haff, 
 McClure 3, Kelly 2; Drew, Kiviat, P. Adams, Jones 2, Oler 2. Bases on 
 balls Off McClure i, off Adams 2. Struck out By Byrd 6, by McClure 
 4; by Adams n. Hit batsman Byrd 2. Passed balls Lindberg 3. Left 
 on bases Finland 6, Olympic 4. Umpires Messrs. Bonine and Sweeney. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 201 
 
 SOCCER FOOT BALL COMPETITION 
 
 At the Olympic Games held at Stockholm, Sweden. 
 June 29 to July 6, 1912. 
 
 BY THOMAS W. CAHILL. 
 England, 4; Denmark, 2. 
 
 WINNERS OF CONSOLATION TOURNAMENT. 
 
 Played at Rosunda, Stockholm, Sweden. 
 Hungary, 3; Austria, o. 
 
 PREVIOUS OLYMPIAN CHAMPIONS. 
 
 At Universal Exposition, St. Louis, Mo., U. S. A.. 1904. 
 Gait F.B.C. of Gait, Canada, 4; St. Rose's of St. Louis, Mo., 
 U.S.A., o. 
 
 At London, England, 1908. 
 England, 2; Denmark, o. 
 
 Amateur Association foot ball, better known in this country 
 by the name of Soccer, by its inclusion in the Fifth Olympian 
 games held at Stockholm, Sweden, June 29 to July 6, 1912, was 
 given its greatest opportunity to demonstrate to the athletically 
 inclined world at large what a grand and clever sport it is. 
 Never, since the inception of this great game, were the conditions 
 more favorable and the opportunity greater to interest the nations 
 of the world in its present and future possibilities than at Stock- 
 holm. 
 
 The competition was under the auspices of the International 
 Olympic Committee and the Federation Internationale de Foot 
 Ball Association. Twelve nations entered teams for competition 
 for the Olympic honors, namely : Germany, England, Finland, 
 Austria, Holland, Norway, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Hungary, 
 Russia and France, all of which, with the exception of France, 
 took part in the games. France withdrew after the drawings. 
 
 The competition was conducted on the English cup tie system, 
 that is, elimination by rounds. In the final results, Great Bri- 
 tain won first honors, Denmark second, and Holland third. 
 
 All the matches were witnessed by large crowds, and on several 
 occasions the Crown Prince, at the opening of the games, ad- 
 dressed and congratulated the contestants, while at the final 
 
SPALI>IN<;'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 03 
 
 between England and Denmark every seat in the' Stadium was 
 occupied, and the occasion was graced by the presence of the 
 King of Sweden, the Crown Prince, and several members of the 
 royal family, who took the liveliest interest in the game through- 
 out. During the intermission between the two halves the Crown 
 Prince went on the field and shook hands with the members of 
 the opposing teams, to the infinite delight of the spectators. 
 
 One of the most noticeable features connected with the foot 
 ball competition at Stockholm was the wonderful improvement 
 shown by the Continental nations. In foot ball, as in every other 
 branch of sport which they have taken up, the Continental na- 
 tions are proving apt pupils, and it behooves England, who 
 won the Olympic honors both at London, in 1908, and at Stock- 
 holm, this year, to realize that she will need all her forces to 
 beat them presently, as there is no questioning the fact that 
 Denmark, who met England in the final, playing but ten men 
 owing to an injury to one of their half-backs, kept the British 
 forwards at bay for the whole of the second half, and nothing 
 but the clever defensive tactics adopted .by the Englishmen in 
 this last period of the game, prevented the Danes from at least 
 making a tie of the game, as they played the Englishmen to a 
 standstill during the last half. 
 
 In connection with the wonderful improvement of the Con- 
 tinental elevens, it must be noted that in England's line-up were 
 included about ten players who are accustomed to English league 
 class of foot ball, and their victory was not surprising. One of 
 their players, Harold Walden, who plays for Bradford City in 
 the First Division of the English Foot Ball League (mixed pro- 
 fessional and amateur teams), took part in all of England's 
 games at Stockholm and scored ten out of the fifteen goals 
 credited to England. This was a great feat of the player in 
 question, but it is very doubtful whether it was quite within the 
 spirit of the Olympic ideal of true sportsmanship to play either 
 Walden or other players who are week in, week out assisting 
 England's leading professional teams to win their matches. . 
 
 The drawings and results of the first round which took place 
 on Saturday, June 29, were as follows : 
 
 Finland, 3; Italy, 2. Holland, 4; Sweden, 3. 
 
 Austria, 5; Germany, i. Norway, W.O. ; France, Scratched. 
 
 Byes : England, Denmark, Hungary and Russia. 
 
 The drawings and results of the second round were as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 England, 7; Hungary, o. Finland, 2; Russia, i. 
 Denmark, 7; Norway, o. Holland, 3; Austria, i. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 205 
 
 The drawings and results of the semi-finals were as follows: 
 England, 4; Finland, o. Denmark, 4; Holland, i. 
 
 FINAL ROUND. 
 
 England, 4; Denmark, 2. 
 
 The final between England and Denmark which took place 
 on the evening of July 4, in the Stadium, before an assemblage 
 of over 20,000 persons, resulted in a victory for England by a 
 score of four goals to two. The King of Sweden and the Crown 
 Prince and several other members of the royal family graced the 
 occasion. At the finish of the great contest the King presented 
 the winning team with the Olympic trophies and congratulated 
 them on their victory. 
 
 THE GAME. 
 
 On a playing field which was in perfect condition and with 
 the intense heat of the day moderated by a cool evening breeze, 
 Referee Groothoff, of Holland, at 7:12 P.M., blew his whistle, 
 and the greatest amateur soccer contest of the world, and for 
 Olympic honors was on. As the kick-off took place a mighty 
 cheer arose from the vast multitude, and it was clearly evident 
 that the Danes had the sympathy of the spectators, as their play- 
 ing in the preliminary rounds had been clever and spectacular, 
 and they had made many friends. 
 
 Denmark was the first to attack and soon forced two fruit- 
 less corners. Gradually England asserted its superiority and only 
 the great display of Nils Middleboe at full-back prevented them 
 from scoring. Keeping up the pressure by fine combination play 
 the English forwards bombarded their opponents' goal and at 
 length Walden opened the scoring with a fine shot the ball 
 being accurately centered by Sharpe, who was playing a fine 
 game at outside left for England. 
 
 From the center kick the ball was again taken into the Den- 
 mark territory, but the defense held put in fine style and a dash 
 away by the Danes' right wing relieved the pressure and the 
 English goal-keeper had to concede a corner in order to save 
 his goal. 
 
 Woodward and Berry transferred play by pretty passing and 
 Hansen in trying to clear put the ball across his own goal. Wal- 
 den was well up and pouncing on the ball banged it into the 
 net giving the goal-keeper no chance whatever. 
 
 Retaliating, Olsen got away and sent in a swift left footed shot 
 which beat Brebner, that player only being able to touch the 
 ball with his fingers as it passed into the net ; nettled by this re- 
 verse England went off with a dash, the whole of their for- 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 207 
 
 wards combining splendidly. A corner followed and almost im- 
 mediately after Buchwald, the Danish half-back was seen roll- 
 ing on the field in agony. It was obvious that the accident was 
 serious and he left the ground with an injured arm and took 
 no further part in the game. 
 
 Middleboe then came up into the half-back line and for a 
 time strengthened the Danish attack, for the English goal was 
 soon in danger. Burn cleared, however, and the ball went up 
 the field again. Middleboe kicked it to his goal-keeper who in 
 picking up stumbled but he just managed to evade Sharpens rush. 
 At last the Danish defense was outmanoeuvred. Berry centered 
 at top speed and Hoare sent the ball in beautifully. From then 
 till the end of the first half England had matters all their own 
 way. Berry was right at the top of his form and went clean 
 through on his own dribbling, passing the defense and beating 
 the goal-keeper easily. Berry was off again in a moment but 
 shot over the bar, twice after some wonderful combination play. 
 Half time arrived and England led by a score of 4 goals to I. 
 
 Denmark resumed with the composition of their team altered 
 and the men changed positions frequently during the playing of 
 the second period. 
 
 Denmark attacked and Brebner ran out and sent the ball up 
 the field where the English right wing distinguished itself. The 
 Danish goal-keeper was tested and was equal to the situation. 
 Time and again the English forwards swept down on him, but 
 every shot was cleverly cleared. Twice he saved from Wood- 
 ward on stinging angular drives. Then first Berry sent over, and 
 afterward Sharpe. Suddenly a different complexion came over 
 the game. The Danes pierced the defense and got within shoot- 
 ing distance. Olsen kicked hard and the ball bounded off an 
 opponent past Brebner, a. surprising: but well-deserved goal as 
 the spectators showed by their enthusiastic applause. 
 
 Four goals to two and Denmark, with their blood up, began 
 to play rather more vigorously and forced the Englishmen into 
 their own territory, keeping them on the defensive for the greater 
 part of the last period. With only eight minutes to go, the Eng- 
 lish forwards made a strenuous effort to add to their score, 
 when Berry passed to Woodward, who sent in a great shot, but 
 Hansen was equal to it. Three more times he got to the ball 
 when a goal seemed certain, but his great clearing killed what 
 chances the Englishmen had of scoring, and the rally was ended, 
 when a drive from Hoare hit the left post and the ball bounded 
 out of play. From this time on until the whistle sounded for 
 the finish of the contest the play was all in England's territory, 
 but as clever as the Danes were, they could not add to their 
 score and the game finally ended in a victory for England by a 
 
THE CKOWN PRINCE ADDRESSING THE DANISH SOCCER FOOT 
 BALL TEAM. 
 
 Olympic Games, 1912, Stockholm, Sweden. 
 
 THE CROWN PRINCE ADDRESSING THE HUNGARIAN SOCCER FOOT 
 
 BALL TEAM. 
 Olympic Games, 1912, Stockholm, Sweden. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 209 
 
 score of 4 goals to 2. Notwithstanding Denmark's handicap 
 in the loss of Buchwald in the first half, she showed no weak 
 spot; they were just outmanoeuvred, while the playing of Mid- 
 dleboe, Olsen and S. Hansen would do credit to any team in 
 the world. Walden's playing for England was exceptionally 
 brilliant, while the balance of the team played in that form 
 which has made English soccerites famous the world throughout. 
 The following players constituted the two elevens. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 R. G. Brebner (Northern Nomads), goal. 
 
 T. C. Burn (London Caledonians), right back. 
 
 A. E. Knight (Portsmouth), left back. 
 
 D. McWhirter (Bromley), right half-back. 
 
 H. C. Littlewort (Glossop), center half-back. 
 
 J. Dines (Ilford), left half-back. 
 
 A. Berry (Oxford City), outside right. 
 
 V. J. Woodward (Chelsea), inside Fight (captain) 
 
 H. A. Walden (Bradford City), center forward. 
 
 G. Hoare (Glossop), inside left. 
 
 I. V. G. Sharpe (Derby County), outside left. 
 
 DENMARK. 
 
 Sophus Hansen, goal. 
 Niels Middleboe, right back (captain). 
 Horald Hansen, left back. 
 T. Buchwald, right half-back. 
 Jorgensen, center half-back. 
 P. Berth, left half-back. 
 Oscar Nielsen, outside right. 
 A. Thugveson, inside right. 
 A. Olsen, center forward. 
 Sophus Nielsen, inside left. 
 W. Wolfhagen, outside left. 
 Referee : Mr. Groothoff of Holland. 
 
SrALDlNG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 211 
 
 HOW THE POINTS WERE SCORED 
 
 SWEDEN. 
 
 Athletics. First in throwing the javelin, best hand (Lem- 
 ming) ; second in the 400 meters relay race ; third in running 
 broad jump (Aberg) ; second in 3,000 meters team race (Ohlsson) 
 2, Wide 4, Fock 7 13 points) ; third in discus, right and left 
 (Magnusson) ; first, second and third in hop, step and jump 
 (Lindblom, Aberg and Almlof ) ; in cross country, second and 
 third in the individual competition (Hj. Anderson and Eke) 
 and first in the team competition ; second and third in Decathlon 
 (Wieslander and Lomberg) ; first in tug-of-war (the Stockholm 
 police). 
 
 Shooting. Third in the army rifle team competition ; second 
 and third in the individual duel shooting (Palen and von Hoist) ; 
 second in pistol team competition, 50 meters ; first and second 
 in the individual single shooting at running deer (A. Swahn 
 and Lundeberg) ; first, second and third in individual double 
 shooting at running deer (Lundeberg, Benedicks and O. G. 
 Swahn); first in team duel shooting; second in miniature rifle 
 team competition, 50 meters ; first in team shooting at running 
 deer; first in team competition with any rifle, 300 meters; first in 
 miniature rifle team competition, 25 meters ; and first, second and 
 third in the individual miniature rifle competition, 25 meters 
 (W. Carlberg, von Hoist and Ericsson). 
 
 Swimming. First, second and third in plain diving (Adlerz, 
 Hj. Johansson and J. Jansson) ; second in the 400 meters, breast 
 stroke (T. Henning) ; first and second in ladies' plain diving 
 (Misses Greta' Johansson and Lisa Regnell) ; second in water 
 polo; first and third in fancy diving (Adlerz and Blomgren). 
 
 Tennis. Covered court: Second in gentlemen's doubles (Set- 
 terwall and Kempe) ; third in mixed doubles (Mrs. Fick and 
 Mr. Setterwall). Open court: Second in mixed doubles (Mrs. 
 Fick and Mr. Setterwall). 
 
 Riding. In military, first in the individual competition (Lieut. 
 Nordlander) and first in the team competition (Nordlander, 
 Adlercreutz and Casparsson) ; first, second and third in 
 prize riding (Count Bonde, Major Boltenstern and Baron von 
 Blixen-Finecke) ; first in the prize jumping team competition 
 (Lewenhaupt, Kilman and von Rosen). 
 
 Yachting. First in the 10 meters class ("Kitty") ; second in 
 the 12 meters class ("Erna-Signe") ; second in the 8 meters class 
 ("Sans Atout") ; third in the 6 meters class ("Kerstin"). 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 213 
 
 In other events. First in gymnastics, Swedish system ; first 
 in the team competition in the cycle race "round the Malar" ; 
 first, second and third in modern Pentathlon (Lilliehook, Asbrink 
 and de Laval) ; in wrestling-, first in middleweight A (CL 
 Johansson) ; second in middleweight B (Ahlgren) ; second 
 and third in lightweight (Malmstrom and Mathieson) ; in row- 
 ing, second in the in-rigged fours. 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
 Athletics. First, second and third in 100 meters (Craig, 
 Meyer, Lippincott) ; first and third in Pentathlon (Thorpe ana 
 Donahue) ; second and third in standing broad jump (Platt Adams 
 and Ben Adams) ; second in 10,000 meters (Tewanima) ; first and 
 third in running high jump (Richards and Horine) ; first, sec- 
 ond and third in 800 meters (Meredith, Sheppard and Daven- 
 port) ; first, second and third in putting the weight, best hand 
 (McDonald, Ralph Rose, Whitney) ; second and third in 1,500 
 meters (Kiviat and Taber) ; first and second in putting the 
 weight, right and left (Rose, McDonald) ; first and second in 
 200 meters (Craig and Lippincott) ; first, second and third in 
 pole vault (Babcock, Wright and Nelson) ; second and third 
 in discus throwing, best hand (Byrd and Duncan) ; first, second 
 and third in hurdles (Kelly, Wendell and Hawkins) ; first in 
 running broad jump (Gutterson) ; first and second in standing 
 high jump (Platt Adams and Ben Adams) ; first and third in 
 400 meters (Reidpath and Lindberg) ; first in team race, 3,000 
 meters (Berna I, Taber 3, Bonhag 5 9 points) ; first and third 
 in throwing the hammer (McGrath and Childs) ; third in Mara- 
 thon (Strobino) ; first in 1,600 meters relay race (Sheppard, 
 Lindberg, Meredith and Reidpath) ; first in Decathlon (Thorpe). 
 
 Swimming. First and third in 100 meters, free style (Kahana- 
 moku and Huszagh) ; first in 100 meters, back stroke (Hebner) ; 
 second in team competition 800 meters. 
 
 Shooting. First in the army rifle team competition; first in 
 individual duel-shooting (Lane) ; first in clay bird team competi- 
 tion ; second in individual army rifle shooting, 300 meters (Os- 
 burn) ; first and second in individual pistol ^shooting (Lane and 
 Dolfen) ; second and third in individual army rifle shooting, 600 
 meters (Osburn and Jackson) ; first in pistol team competition; 
 first in individual clay bird (Graham) ; third in miniature rifle 
 team competition, 50 meters ; second in running deer team com- 
 petition ; first in miniature rifle individual competition, 50 meters 
 (Hird) ; third in miniature rifle team competition, 25 meters. 
 
 Other events. In the cycle race, "round the Malar," third in 
 individual competition (Schutte) and third in team competition. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 215 
 
 GREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 Athletics. First in 400 meters relay race; second in tug-of- 
 war (the City of London police) ; third in 5,ooo meters (Hut- 
 son) ; first in 1,500 meters (Jackson) ; second in the 10,000 meters 
 walk (Webb) ; third in 200 meters (Applegarth) ; third in the 
 3,000 meters team race; third in the cross country team competi- 
 tion ; third in the 1,600 meters relav race. 
 
 Rowing. First and third in the eights (Leander and New 
 College) ; first in the sculls (Kinnear) : second in the out-rigged 
 fours (Thames Rowing Club). 
 
 Swimming. Second in 1,500 meters, free style (Hatfield) ; 
 third in the ladies', 100 meters (Miss Fletcher) ; third in 400 
 meters, breast stroke (Courtman) ; third in ladies', plain diving 
 (Belle White) ; first in water polo; second in 400 meters, free 
 style (Hatfield) ; first in the ladies' 400 meters team race and 
 third in the 800 meters team race. 
 
 Shooting. Second in the army rifle team competition ; second 
 in the clay bird team shooting ; in pistol shooting, 50 meters, third 
 in the individual competition (Stewart), and third in the team 
 competition ; third in the duel shooting team competition ; in 
 miniature rifle shooting, 50 meters, first in the team competition 
 and second and third in the individual competition (Milne and 
 Burt) ; second in miniature rifle team competition, 25 meters. 
 
 Tennis. Covered courts : Second in gentlemen's singles 
 (Dixon) ; third in gentlemen's doubles (Dixon and Beamish) ; 
 first and third in ladies' singles (Mrs. Hannam and Mrs. Par- 
 ton) ; first and second in mixed doubles (Mrs. Hannam and 
 Dixon and Miss Aitchinson and Roper Barrett). 
 
 Other events. In the cycle race, "round the Malar," second 
 in the individual competition (Grubb) and second in the team 
 competition; third in the gymnastic competition II; second in 
 epee fencing team competition; first in foot ball. 
 
 FINLAND. 
 
 Athletics. Second in throwing the javelin, best hand (Saar- 
 isto) ; first and third in 10,000 meters (H. Kolehmainen and 
 Stenroos) ; first, second and third in the javelin, right and left 
 (Saaristo, Siikaniemi and Peltonen) ; first in 5,000 meters (H. 
 Kolehmainen) ; third in the weight, right and left (Niklander) ; 
 first in discus, best hand (Taioale) ; first and second in discus, 
 right and left (Taipale and Niklander) ; in the cross country, 
 first in the individual competition (H. Kolehmainen) and second 
 in the team competition. 
 
 Shooting. Third in single shooting at running deer (Toivo- 
 nen) ; third in team shooting at running deer. 
 
216 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 Wrestling. First and second in heavyweight (Saarela, Ohlin) ; 
 third in the middleweight A (Asikainen) ; second in middle- 
 weight B (Doling) ; first in lightweight (Ware) ; first and 
 third in featherweight (Koskelo and Lasanen). 
 
 Other events. Second in gymnastics, competition III ; in 
 yachting, second in the 10 meters class ("Nina") ; third in the 
 12 meters class ("Heatherbell"), and third in the 8 meters 
 class ("Lucky Girl"). 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 Athletics. Second in running high jump (Liesche) ; second in 
 400 meters (Braun). 
 
 Riding. Second in military team competition (von Rochow, 
 von Liitcken and von Schaesberg) ; second in military individ- 
 ual competition (von Rochow) ; second in individual prize 
 jumping (von Krocher) ; third in prize jumping, team competi- 
 tion (Deloch, Freyer and von Hohenau). 
 
 Swimming. First, second and third in spring-board diving 
 (Gunther, Luber and Behrens) ; first, second and third in 200 
 meters, breast stroke (Bathe, Lutzow and Malisch) ; first in 400 
 meters, breast stroke (Bathe) ; second and third in 100 meters, 
 back stroke (Fahr and Kellner) ; second in the ladies' 400 
 meters team competition; second in fancy diving (Ziirner). 
 
 Shooting. In the clay bird shooting, third in the team competi- 
 tion and second in the individual competition (Goeldel). 
 
 Tennis. Open courts: Second in ladies' singles (Fraulein 
 Koering) ; first in the mixed doubles (Koering and Schom- 
 burgk) ; third in the gentlemen's singles (Kreuzer). 
 
 Other events. Second in featherweight wrestling (Ger- 
 stacher) ; first in the rowing in out-rigged fours (Ludwig- 
 shafen). 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
 Athletics. Second in 5,000 meters (Bouin) ; second in the 
 i, 600 meters relay race. 
 
 Shooting. First in the 600 meters army rifle competition 
 (Colas), and first in the 300 meters, individual shooting, any 
 rifle (Colas). 
 
 Tennis. Covered courts: First in the gentlemen's singles 
 (Gobert) ; first in the gentlemen's d ubles (Gobert and Germpt). 
 Open courts : First in the ladies' singles (Mile. Broquedis) ; 
 third in the mixed doubles (Broquedis and Canet) and third in 
 the gentlemen's doubles (Canet and Meny). 
 
 Riding. Third ^in military, individual competition (Captain 
 Cariou) ; first in individual prize jumping (Cariou), and second 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 217 
 
 in prize jumping, team competition (Cariou, d'Astafort and 
 Meyer). 
 
 Other events. Second in individual gymnastic competition 
 (Segura) ; in yachting, first in the 6 meters class ("Mac Miche"). 
 
 DENMARK. 
 
 Second and third in the individual shooting competition, any 
 rifle, 300 meters (Madsen and Larsen) ; third in team competi- 
 tion, any rifle, 300 meters; in tennis (covered courts), second 
 in the ladies' singles (Froken Castenschiold) ; third in the heavy- 
 weight wrestling (Jensen) ; third in gymnastics, competition III, 
 second in Swedish gymnastics; second in individual epee fencing 
 (Ossier) ; first in rowing, in. the in-rigged fours; in yachting, 
 second in the 6 meters class ("Nurdug II") ; second in foot ball. 
 
 NORWAY. 
 
 Second in Pentathlon (Bie) ; third in individual army rifle 
 competition, 300 meters (Skogen), second in team competition, 
 any rifle; in tennis (open courts), third in the ladies' singles (M. 
 Bjurstedt) ; in gymnastics: third in Swedish gymnastics, first 
 in team competition III; in yachting, first in the 12 meters class 
 ("Magda IX") 4 and in the 8 meters class ("Taifun"). 
 
 HUNGARY. 
 
 Third in javelin throwing, best hand (Kovacs) ; first in 
 individual army rifle competition, 300 meters (Prokopp); third in 
 wrestling, middleweight B (Bela Varga) ; second in gymnastics, 
 team competition II ; first in the sabre team competition ; first, 
 second and third in individual sabre fencing (Fuchs, Bekessy 
 and Meszaros). 
 
 SOUTH AFRICA. 
 
 First and second in the Marathon (McArthur and Gitsham) ; 
 first in the cycle race, "round the Malar" (Lewis) ; in tennis 
 (open courts), first and second in the gentlemen's singles (Win- 
 slow and Kitson), and first in the gentlemen's doubles (Kit- 
 son and Winslow). 
 
 First in gymnastics, team competition II, first and third in in- 
 dividual gymnastics (Braglia and Tunesi) ; first and second 
 in the individual foil contest (Nadi and Speciale) ; third in the 
 10,000 meters walk (Altimani). 
 
 AUSTRALIA. 
 In swimming: third in 1,500 meters, free style. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 THE PRIZES 
 
 The prizes in the Olympic Games consist of Olympic medals and diplo- 
 mas. Each prize medal is accompanied by a diploma. In team events a 
 diploma was awarded to the winning team. In some events challenge cups 
 were presented to the winners, in whose possession they may remain until 
 further notice. The list of cups, with their donors, is as follows (* denotes 
 prize is new) : 
 
 ATHLETICS. 
 
 Pentathlon H. M. the King of Sweden* 1912, James Thorpe, U.S.A. 
 Decathlon H. M. the Emperor of Russia* 1912, James Thorpe, U.S.A. 
 Marathon race H. R. H. the Crown Prince of Greece 1908, J. J. Hayes, 
 
 U.S.A.; 1912, K. K. McArthur, South Africa. 
 Throwing the discus, best hand Mme. G. de Montgomery 1908, M. J. 
 
 Sheridan, U.S.A.; 1912, Armas Rudolf Taipale, Finland. 
 
 WRESTLING. 
 
 Heavyweight The British Company of Gold and Silversmiths 1908, R. 
 Weisz, Hungary; 1912, Urjo Erik Mikael Saarela, Finland. 
 
 FOOT BALL. 
 The British Foot Ball Association 1908, Great Britain; 1912, Great Britain. 
 
 FENCING. 
 Team competition, Epee The British Fencers 1908, France; 1912, Bel' 
 
 gium. 
 Team competition, sabre The City of Budapest* 1912, Hungary. 
 
 GYMNASTICS. 
 
 Individual competition The City of Prague 1908, G. A. Braglia, Italy; 
 1912, G. A. Braglia, Italy. 
 
 HORSE RIDING COMPETITION. 
 "Military" H. M. the Emperor of Germany* 1912, Lieut. A. Nordlan- 
 
 der, Sweden. 
 Prize riding H. M. the Emperor of Austria* 1912, Count Bonde, 
 
 Sweden. 
 Prize jumping, individual competition Count Geza Andrassy* 1912, 
 
 Captain Cariou, France. 
 Prize jumping, team competition H. M. the King of Italy* 1912, 
 
 Sweden. 
 To that nation whose representatives achieve the best aggregate in all the 
 
 horse riding competitions The Swedish Cavalry* 1912, Sweden. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 219 
 
 MODERN PENTATHLON. 
 Baron Pierre de Coubertin* 1912, Gustaf Malcolm Lilliehook, Sweden. 
 
 ROWING. 
 
 Eights Count Brunetta d'Usseaux 1908, Leander Club, Great Britain; 
 1912, Leander Club, Great Britain. 
 
 SWIMMING. 
 1500 meters Count Brunetta d'Usseaux 1908, The Amateur Swimming 
 
 Association of Great Britain; 1912, George R. Hodgson, Canada. 
 Ladies' high diving Countess de Casa Miranda* 1912, Greta Johansson, 
 Sweden. 
 
 SHOOTING. 
 
 Individual clay bird competition Lord Westbury 1908, W. H. Ewing, 
 Canada; 1912, James R. Graham, U.S.A. 
 
 YACHTING. 
 
 Six meters' class France 1908, F. D. McMeekin, Great Britain; 1912, 
 Mac Miche (G. Thube and G. Fitau), France. 
 
220 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 POINTS SCORED 
 
 By the different nations in the purely athletic events, on the prin- 
 ciple of three for a first, two for a second and one for a third. 
 
 First. Second. Third. Total. 
 
 United States 16 12 13 85 
 
 Finland 6 4 3 29 
 
 Sweden 4 5 5 27 
 
 Great Britain 2 2 5 15 
 
 Canada I 2 7 
 
 South Africa I I 5 
 
 Germany 2 4 
 
 France 2 4 
 
 Greece i i 4 
 
 Norway i 2 
 
 Italy I i 
 
 Hungary I i 
 
 POINTS SCORED AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE 
 ENTIRE OLYMPIC PROGRAMME. 
 
 On the principle of three for a first, two for a second and one 
 
 for a third. 
 
 From the Dagens Nyheter, Stadion Edition, July 23, 1912. 
 
 Country. Firsts. Seconds. Thirds. Points. 
 
 Sweden ... 23 24 16 133 
 
 America 25 17 20 129 
 
 Great Britain 10 15 16 76 
 
 Finland 9 8 9 52 
 
 Germany 5 13 6 47 
 
 France 7 4 3 32 
 
 Denmark I 6 4 19 
 
 Hungary 3 2 3 16 
 
 Norway 3 2 3 16 
 
 South Africa 4 2 16 
 
 Italy ... 3 i 2 13 
 
 Australia , . , 2 2 3 13 
 
 Canada f , 3 2 13 
 
 Belgium 2 I 3 n 
 
 Russia 2 2 6 
 
 Austria 2 2 6 
 
 Greece I I 4 
 
 Holland 3 3 
 
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SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 ROBERT MEANS THOMPSON 
 
 Robert Means Thompson was born in Corsica, Pa., March 2, 
 1849. He is the son of Judge John J. Y. Thompson, for many 
 years Judge of the Jefferson County (Pa.) Court. 
 
 Colonel Thompson graduated from the Naval Academy in 1868, 
 resigned from the service in 1871, and studied law at the Dane 
 Law School, Harvard, graduating in 1874. He married Sarah, 
 daugher of Governor William C. Gibbs of Rhode Island, and his 
 one daughter is now the wife of S. H. P. Pell of New York. 
 
 For many years Colonel Thompson was President and owner 
 of the Orford Copper Company, which a few years ago was 
 amalgamated with the Canadian Copper Company and formed 
 into the International Nickel Company, of which corporation he 
 is chairman. 
 
 Colonel Thompson is President of the United States Naval 
 Academy Alumni Association and a member of the Loyal Legion 
 of New York. 
 
 He was elected President of the New York Athletic Club in 
 1912 and was also President of the American Committee of the 
 Olympic Games, held at Stockholm, Sweden, in 1912. It was 
 largely owing to Colonel Thompson's efforts that the American 
 representation was so large. 
 
 Colonel Thompson's summer residence is at Southampton, L. I., 
 and in winter at Washington, D. C. He has always been inter- 
 ested in outdoor sports and is prominent in yachting circles. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 227 
 
 NEW YORK RECEPTION 
 
 As soon as the news was cabled that the American Olympic 
 athletes had again scored a victory over all the world in track 
 and field athletics, in the Fifth Olympiad at Stockholm, Sweden, 
 athletic enthusiasts who have made athletics popular in America 
 realized that the team should receive a reception. 
 
 The leading man in this movement was Mr. Frederick W. 
 Rubien, the vice-president of the Metropolitan Association, a 
 man who has worked hard for the welfare of athletics in this 
 country. 
 
 Mr. Rubien in his capacity as vice-president of the Metropoli- 
 tan Association, called a meeting of the Board of Managers, 
 at the Astor House, Broadway and Vesey St., New York City, 
 on Monday evening, July 22nd, for the purpose of discussing 
 plans for a fitting reception to the victorious American Olympic 
 Team upon its return from Stockholm, Sweden. 
 
 It was decided at this meeting that a monster celebration 
 should be arranged by the citizens of New York, and that a com- 
 mittee be appointed to call on His Honor, Mayor William J. 
 Gaynor, and ask for his co-operation. The following committee 
 was appointed and called on Mayor Gaynor on Friday, July 
 26th: 
 
 F. W. Rubien T. L. Matsukes 
 
 P. J. Conway Capt. P. J. Walsh 
 
 Dr. John M. Breen Com. Alexander Ferris 
 
 Dr. E. W. Stitt John J. Walsh 
 
 William J. Lee Com. Jeremiah T. Mahoney 
 
 John J. Diegnan Major D. J. Murphy 
 
 W. L. Jones H. S. Quinn 
 
 H. Obertubbesing Jacob W. Stumpf 
 
 John P. Boyle Robert Adamson 
 
 S. Lindenfelser Joseph D. Kavanagh 
 
 William A. Johnston J. M. Connolly 
 
 Andrew F. Tully Robert C. Kamraerer 
 
 The Mayor received the above named members of the com- 
 mittee very cordially, and was heartily in favor of the move- 
 ment started by the Metropolitan Association, and agreed to do 
 all in his power to make the celebration a success, and also 
 promised to appoint a Citizens' Reception Committee. 
 
 A cable was then sent to the American Commissioner abroad 
 asking for the naming of a date when the team would return to 
 America. As soon as word was received that all members of 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 229 
 
 the team would be in New York City not later than August 21 st, 
 a meeting of the committee appointed on July 22nd, which was 
 to be known as the Plan and Scope Committee, was called at the 
 New York Athletic Club on Monday evening, July 2Qth, and 
 preparation started for the reception to the victorious team. 
 
 In order to suitably commemorate the glorious victory of the 
 American Olympic team, it was decided that a parade should take 
 place, composed of United States troops, State militia and civic 
 organizations, and that a banquet also be tendered to the team. 
 Through the courtesy of Messrs. Werba and Leuscher of the 
 Globe Theatre, a theatre party was added to the programme. 
 
 In accordance with his promise of July 26th, His Honor the 
 Mayor, on August 7th, appointed a committee of 165 with Dr. 
 George F. Kunz, chairman, Hon. Victor J. Bowling and Dn. 
 John H. Finley, vice-chairmen ; Frederick W. Rubien, secretary, 
 and Victor F. Ridder, treasurer. 
 
 In accordance with a resolution adopted at the meeting of the 
 Plan and Scope Committee on July 2Qth, the following sub- 
 committees were appointed : 
 
 MILITARY COMMITTEE. 
 
 Maj. Gen. John F. O'Ryan, 
 
 Chairman. 
 
 Music COMMITTEE. 
 W. L. Jones, Chairman. 
 
 AUTOMOBILE COMMITTEE. 
 Patrick J. Conway, Chairman. 
 
 PRINTING COMMITTEE. 
 Hugh S. Quinn, Chairman. 
 
 POLICE COMM.ITTEE. 
 John J. Walsh, Chairman. 
 
 Civic COMMITTEE. 
 Maj. Daniel J. Murphy, Chairman. 
 
 DINNER COMMITTEE. 
 Jeremiah T. Mahoney, Chairman. 
 
 GUARD OF HONOR COMMITTEE. 
 Dr. Edward W. Stitt, Chairman. 
 
 THEATRE COMMITTEE. 
 Dr. John M. Breen, Chairman. 
 
 DECORATION COMMITTEE. 
 H. Obertubbesing, Chairman. 
 
 BADGE COMMITTEE. 
 George P. Matthews, Chairman. 
 
 HOSPITALITY COMMITTEE. 
 Robert C. Kammerer, Chairman. 
 
 At a meeting of the Plan and Scope Committee on Wednesday, 
 August 7th, at Room 611, Pulitzer Building, New York City, the 
 headquarters of the committee, it was regularly adopted that 
 the invitation of Messrs. Werba and Leuscher of the Globe 
 Theatre for the team to attend a performance of the Rose 
 Maid as the guests of the management be accepted for the even- 
 ing of Friday, August 23rd, and that on Saturday, August 24th, 
 the monster parade take place at ten o'clock in the morning and 
 on the evening of the same day, at Terrace Garden, New York 
 City, a banquet would be tendered to the team. 
 
230 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 Through the efforts of Hon. Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of 
 War, and General Tasker H. Bliss, a battalion of Coast Ar- 
 tillery was ordered out from Governor's Island and took part 
 in the parade. 
 
 As it was impossible to secure any city money to defray the 
 expenses of this reception the money had to be collected by 
 public subscription. A letter was sent out to over five thousand 
 prominent men in New York City and its vicinity, asking them 
 to contribute to the fund for defraying the expenses of this 
 celebration, and over $2,000 was received. 
 
 The celebration started on Friday evening, August 23rd, with 
 a theatre party at the Globe Theatre and about 100 members 
 of the team were present. 
 
 On Saturday morning at nine o'clock the members of the 
 team assembled at Fifty-ninth Street and Park Avenue, and 
 were assigned to automobiles for the parade which started from 
 Fortieth Street and Fifth Avenue, at 10 A. M. 
 
 The division which represented America at the Olympic games 
 were grouped in automobiles as follows : 
 
 First Matthew P. Halpin, New York A.C., manager; Paul 
 Pilgrim, New York A.C., assistant manager. 
 
 Second Platt Adams and Ben Adams, New York A.C., 
 jumpers. 
 
 Third Ralph Craig, Detroit Y.M.C.A., sprinter; David S. 
 Caldwell, Massachusetts Agricultural College, middle distance 
 runner. 
 
 Fourth John Becht, Newark, bicycle rider. 
 
 Fifth Tel S. Berna, Cornell University, distance runner; 
 George V. Bonhag, Irish-American A.C., distance runner. . 
 
 Sixth Harry S. Babcock, New York A.C., pole vaulter; Clar- 
 ence C. Childs, New York A.C., hammer thrower. 
 
 Seventh J. W. Burdick, University of Pennsylvania, high 
 jumper; Frank Coyle, Chicago University, pole vaulter; Louis 
 Tewanima, Carlisle Indian School, distance runner. 
 
 Eighth Gordon Dukes, New York A.C., pole vaulter; James 
 J. Donohue, Los Angeles A.C., all around athlete. 
 
 Ninth Egon Erickson, Mott Haven A.C., high jumper; Joseph 
 B. Forshaw, Missouri A.C., marathon runner. 
 
 Tenth Harry J. Grumpelt, New York A.C., high jumper; 
 Simon P. Gillis, New York A.C... hammer thrower. 
 
 Eleventh Harry "Hellawell, New York A.C., distance runner ; 
 Harry Hebner, Illinois A.C., swimmer. 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 28l 
 
 Twelfth Dr. Graeme M. Hammond, New York A.C., fencer; 
 George H. Breed, Fencers' Club, fencer; W. L. Bowman, New 
 York A.C., fencer; Lieut. Rayner, U.S.A., fencer. 
 
 Thirteenth Abel R. Kiviat, Irish-American A.C., middle dis- 
 tance runner; William J. Kramer, Long Island A.C., distance 
 runner. 
 
 Fourteenth Duke Kahanamoku, Hawaii, swimmer; Wallace 
 McCurdy, University of Pennsylvania, distance runner. 
 
 Fifteenth Fred Kaiser, New York A.C., walker; Joseph Kop- 
 sky, Morningside A.C., bicycle rider. 
 
 Sixteenth Pat McDonald, Irish-American A.C., weight 
 thrower; Matt McGrath, Irish-American A.C., hammer thrower. 
 
 Seventeenth Donald F. Lippincott, University of Pennsylvania, 
 sprinter; Nicholas Nerich, New York A.C., swimmer. 
 
 Eighteenth Mike Ryan, Irish-American rv.C, marathon run- 
 ner; J. J. Reynolds, Irish-American A.C., marathon runner; 
 James H. Reilly, New York A.C., swimmer. 
 
 Nineteenth Ted Meredith, Mercersburg Academy, middle 
 distance runner; Alvah T. Meyer, Irish-American A.C., sprinter. 
 
 Twentieth Charles D. Reidpath, New York A.C., middle dis- 
 tance runner; Wesley M. Oler, Jr., New York A.C., high jumper. 
 
 Twenty-first Arthur McAleenan, New York A.C., swimmer; 
 Edward Fitzgerald, New York A.C., distance runner. 
 
 Twenty-second James Thorpe, Carlisle Indian School, all 
 around athlete. 
 
 Twenty-third Norman S. Taber, Brown University, middle 
 distance runner; Rupert B. Thomas, Princeton University, 
 sprinter. 
 
 Twenty-fourth Edward M. Pritchard, Irish-American A.C., 
 hurdler; Jesse Pike, Century Road Club, cyclist. 
 
 Twenty-fifth Gaston Strobino, South Pater son A.C., marathon 
 runner; Sam Schwartz, Walkers' Club, pedestrian. 
 
 Twenty-sixth Harry Smith, New York, marathon runner; 
 Edward Renz, Mohawk A.C, walker. 
 
 Twenty-seventh Jerome Steinert, Hicksville, L. I., cyclist; 
 Lieut. Sprout, U.S.A., marksman. 
 
 Twenty-eighth Melvin W. Sheppard, Irish-American A.C., 
 middle distance runner; Jack Eller, Irish-American A.C., hurd- 
 ler; Ben. Sherman, New York A.C., hammer thrower. 
 
 Twenty-ninthJames T. Wendell, New York A.C., hurdler; 
 
232 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 Clement P. Wilson, Coe College, sprinter ; A. P. Lane, marks- 
 man. 
 
 Thirtieth Garnett Wikoff, Ohio University, distance runner; 
 Al. Voellmeke, Pastime A.C., walker. 
 
 The parade was considered equal to that of the one in 1908, 
 and was reviewed at City Hall by His Honor, Mayor William 
 J. Gaynor, Hon. Magnus Clarkson, Swedish Consul, Commis- 
 sioner to the Olympic Games James E. Sullivan, Grand Marshal 
 of Parade Gen. Geo. R. Dyer, Hon. Victor J. Dowling, Dr. 
 George F. Kunz, Col. Robert M. Thompson, Gustavus T. Kirby, 
 Evert Jansen Wendell, Hugh H. Baxter, General George W. 
 Wingate, Frederick W. Rubien, Jacob W. Stumpf, Jeremiah T. 
 Mahoney, Patrick J. Conway, Terence Farley and A. G. Sivori. 
 
 The feature of this reception, which was accorded as one of 
 the best, was the guard of honor of about 12,000 boys and girls 
 from the playgrounds under Supervisor William J. Lee, and 
 public schools, under direction of Dr. Edward W. Stitt. These 
 children were massed along the curb from Fortieth Street to 
 City Hall and were drilled in the official Olympic cheer : 
 'Rah, 'Rah, 'Ray; 
 U. S. A. ; 
 A-M-E-R-I-C-A, ; 
 , Olympic, Olympic, Olympic. 
 
 Another important feature of the parade was a delegation 
 of about 200 boys from the different gymnasiums and play- 
 grounds of the Public Recreation Commission, under the 
 leadership of Bascom Johnson, secretary. These boys carried 
 a banner which read : "The future Olympic Champions pay 
 tribute to the present Olympic Champions." 
 
 On account of the friendly feeling which existed between the 
 representatives of the United States and Sweden at the Olympic 
 Games the committee decided that the Swedes in America should 
 have a prominent part in the reception and it was arranged that 
 a guard of honor, composed of members of the United Swedish 
 Societies, should have the position next to the team in the line of 
 march. Through the efforts of Dr. Hoving this guard of honor 
 was formed and, dressed in native costumes, formed one of the 
 best features of the parade. 
 
 A gathering of about five hundred attended the dinner at 
 Terrace Garden on the evening of the 24th of August, com- 
 posed of members of the team, Swedish societies and old-time 
 athletes. 
 
 Mr. Jeremiah T. Mahoney. chairman of the D'nner Com- 
 mittee, before introducing the toastmaster, Hon. Victor J. Dow- 
 ling, and the other speakers read the following communications : 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 233 
 
 THE WHITE HOUSE. 
 
 MR. F. W. RUBIEN, August 3, 1912. 
 
 Chairman Plan and Scope Committee, 
 
 611 Pulitzer Building, New York City. 
 
 The President regrets his inability to accept the cordial invi- 
 tation extended to him to attend the welcoming reception to 
 the victorious American Olympic Team on August 24th, but in 
 this way desires to convey to all those who are to participate 
 in it his good wishes for a happy and successful occasion. 
 
 CARMI A. THOMPSON, 
 Secretary to the President. 
 
 MY DEAR MR. RUBIEN: Au - 2I > I 9 12 - 
 
 I thank you very much for your telegram, but it is with great 
 regret that I must send word that it is a physical impossibility 
 for me to be present at the official celebration by the citizens 
 of New York City to the returning victorious American Olympic 
 Team on Saturday next. May I, through you, tender my hearti- 
 est wishes to the victors? I only wish I could see them out 
 here at Oyster Bay and shake hands with them, but I suppose 
 they could hardly come. Like every other American, I take the 
 most genuine pride in their feats. 
 
 Very sincerely yours, 
 
 Mr. F. W. Rubien, (Signed) THEODORE ROOSEVELT. 
 
 Secretary Citizens' Reception Committee, 
 New York City. 
 
 THE WHITE HOUSE. 
 DEAR SIR: August 16, 1912. 
 
 The President directs me to acknowledge the receipt of your 
 letter of August I5th, and to thank you very cordially for the 
 compliment implied in the invitation which you extend to him, 
 and which, owing to the press of official business, he has regret- 
 fully to decline. 
 
 With renewed assurances of the appreciation of your courtesy, 
 
 1 am ' Very truly yours, 
 
 (Signed) CARMI THOMPSON 
 
 Mr. Jeremiah T. Mahoney, Secretary to the President. 
 
 Room 611, 63 Park Row, 
 New York, N. Y. 
 
284 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 August 2ist, 1912. 
 MY DEAR SIR: 
 
 1 beg to express my sincere thanks for the kind invitation 
 tendered me to be present at the parade and banquet in honor 
 of the American Olympic Team. 
 
 To my deep regret I am not, however, in a position to accept 
 this invitation as much as I would like to accept it, due to> 
 previous engagements for that day. 
 
 Assuring you that I am highly enthusiastic over the splendid 
 work the American Team did in Stockholm this summer, and 
 that it should have given me pleasure to have been able to be 
 present in New York next Saturday, I am, 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 (Signed) W. A. EKENGREN, 
 
 Minister of Sweden. 
 Mr. Frederick W. Rubien, 
 Room 611, Pulitzer Building, 
 New York City. 
 
 August i;th, 1912. 
 MY DEAR MR. MAHONEY : 
 
 I am very much obliged to you for the interesting invitation 
 conveyed by your letter of August fifteenth, but regret to find 
 that it is literally impossible for me to be present at the dinner 
 to be tendered the American athletes on their return to this 
 country. It would give me great pleasure to join in rendering 
 them this honor, but, unhappily, I am so bound by engagement 
 that it is literally impossible. 
 
 Cordially and sincerely yours, 
 
 (Signed) WOODROW WILSON. 
 Mr. Jeremiah T. Mahoney, 
 New York City. 
 
 The toastmaster was Hon. Victor J. Dowling, and the speakers 
 of the evening, Hon. James E. Sullivan, American Commissioner 
 to the Olympic Games at Stockholm, Sweden ; Col. Robert M. 
 Thompson, president American Olympic Committee ; Gustavus 
 T. Kirby, president of the Amateur Athletic Union; Evert Jan- 
 sen Wendell, member of the International Olympic Committee 
 and member of the American Olympic Committee ; Dr. George 
 R Kunz, chairman Citizens' Reception Committee, and Hon, 
 Magnus Clarkson, Swedish Consul, 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 35 
 
 THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC 
 COMMITTEE 
 
 PRESIDENT. 
 
 BARON PIERRE DE COUBERTIN. 
 
 MEMBERS. 
 
 Australia R. Coombes. Austria Prince Otto von Windisch-Gratz. 
 Count Rud. von Colloredo-Mannsfeld. Bohemia Dr. Jiri Guth. Belgium 
 Count Henry de Baillet-Latour. Bulgaria E.-N. Tzokow. Canada Brig. 
 General Sir Hanbury Williams. Chili Professor O. N. Garcia. Denmark 
 Captain Torben Grut. Egypt Angejo C. Bolanachi. England Lord 
 Desborough of Taplow; Rev. R. S. de Courcy Laffan; Th. A. Cook. 
 France A. Ballif; Count Alb. de Bertier de Sauvigny; E. Callot. Ger- 
 many Count A. F. Sierstorpff; Count C. von Wartensleben; Baron von 
 Venningen. Greece Count Alex. Mercati. Holland Baron F. W. de 
 Tuyll de Serooskerken. Hungary Count Geza Andrassy; Jules de Muzsa. 
 Italy Count Eugene Brunetta d'Usseaux; Attilio Brunialti. Japan Dr. 
 Jigoro Kano. Luxemburg Maurice Pescatore. Mexico- Miguel de Beis- 
 tegui. Monaco Count Albert Gautier-Vignal. Norway Captain Johan 
 Sverre. Peru Carlos F. de Candamo. Portugal Dr. D. A. de Lancastre. 
 Roumania Georges A. Plagfno. Russia Count de Ribeaupierre; Prince 
 L6on Oroussoff. Finland Baron R: F. von Willebrand. Spain Marquis 
 de Villarnejor. Sweden Colonel V. G. Balck; Count Clarence von Rosen. 
 Switzerland Baron Godefroy , de Blonay. Turkey Selim Sirri Bey. 
 United States of America Professor W. M. Sloane; Allison V. Armour; 
 Evert J. Wendell. 
 
 MATRON. 
 
 H. M: THE KING OF- SWEDEN. 
 
 SWEDISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE. 
 
 Honorary .President H. R. Hv THE CROWN PRINCE of Sweden. Presi- 
 dent Colonel' V. G. Balck. Vice-President J. S. Edstrom. ' Members 
 B. F. Burman,. Captain E. ' FrestadiuS, F. af Sandebe-rg,' N. Thisell. Deputy 
 Members -Ds. A. Levin, Lieutenant G. G:son Uggla. Adjoint Members 
 Colonel Baron S. D. A. Hermelin, Captain O. Holtermann, Chamberlain to 
 H. M. The King; S. N. Linner, Under-Secretary of State; F. Lowenadler, 
 Chamberlain; W. Murray, Under-Secretary of State;- Count Clarence von 
 Rosen, Harald Sohlman. Secretary Kristian Hellstrom. 
 
 ADVERTISING COMMITTEE. 
 
 President C. L. Kornerup. Secretary Kristian Hellstrom. Editor of 
 the Brochure Gustaf Asbrink, B. A. Members E. Molin, C. Hellberg. 
 
 . . HOUSING COMMITTEE. 
 
 President Captain Otto Bergstrom. Secretary C. Fries, B.A. Mem- 
 bers W. Ekstrom, Kristian Hellstrom, Colonel Baron S. D. A. Hermelin, 
 N. Thisell, O. W. Wahlquist. 
 
 RECEPTION COMMITTEE. 
 
 President Captain E. Frestadius. Secretary- Nils Lundgren. Members 
 B. F. Burman, Gunnar Frestadius, Colonel Baron S. D. A. Hermelin, 
 Captain C. Silfverstolpe. . . _ 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 237 
 
 HOW THE TEAM TRAINED ON THE 
 FINLAND 
 
 BY MANAGER M. P. HALPIN. 
 
 Entries for the track and field events, which made up the 
 major and most important portion of the Olympic programme, 
 closed in Sweden on June 14, 1912, and the entry blanks, properly 
 filled out, were required to be in Stockholm on that date. As 
 the team was not selected until June 10, it necessitated that the 
 entry blanks of every athlete who it was thought had a possible 
 chance of making the team be secured and forwarded to 
 Sweden, subject to cancellation. After the team was selected, 
 on June 10, the names of those definitely selected were imme- 
 diately cabled to the Swedish Olympic Committee and the bal- 
 ance cancelled. 
 
 The collecting of these entry blanks with the signatures of the 
 hundreds of athletes throughout the United States was obviously 
 a considerable task and was accomplished only with great diffi- 
 culty. To show how well the work was done, after the try-outs 
 in the different sections of the country, it was found there 
 were only three men overlooked in the whole United States, and 
 in these cases it was the fault of their club or association. How- 
 ever, through the kindness of the Swedish Olympic Committee, 
 these three entries were accepted by cable. 
 
 The American team was formally organized at the New York 
 Athletic Club on Thursday evening, June 13. Out of the selec- 
 tions one hundred and eight men on the track and field team, 
 nine swimmers, nine bicycle men and one wrestler there were 
 only a few absentees and these, men had not yet arrived in New 
 York or else presented reasonable excuses. Addresses were 
 made by Colonel Robert M. Thompson, President of the Amer- 
 ican Olympic Committee, and Mr. Bartow S. Weeks, a member 
 of the American Committee and also Chairman of the Trans- 
 portation Committee. 
 
 The team sailed for Stockholm on the S. S. Finland from 
 New York promptly at 9 o'clock, as scheduled, on Friday morn- 
 ing, June 14, and officials in the steamship and customs service 
 say that the farewell given to the American team was the 
 greatest ever given to any team or party leaving America. 
 The National colors predominated and it was a sight long to 
 be remembered. 
 
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SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBKARY. 239 
 
 As a more detailed account of the voyage is given elsewhere, 
 a short resume of the programme only is appended. 
 
 The trip from New York to Antwerp was an unusually good 
 one, the sea being very quiet, except one day, which gave the 
 men ample opportunity to keep in good condition. There was 
 only two or three cases of sea sickness and they only lasted 
 for a couple of days. The officers of the Finland did every- 
 thing possible to aid in making the athletes comfortable and 
 were always most anxious to do anything that would enable 
 the athletes to practice their specialties. They built uprights for 
 the high jumpers and had other apparatus installed to help 
 condition the men. The management is also indebted to the 
 athletic clubs of New York, who furnished wrestling mats, 
 which were used not only for the one wrestler on the team but 
 also by the runners, who did considerable jogging on same. 
 
 The sprinters worked out in the morning, starting at 10:30; 
 the jumpers at 11:00; the quarter and half-milers at 3:00; the 
 milers and distance men at 3 :3O, and the marathon men and 
 walkers at 4 :6o o'clock. The weight men worked on the forward 
 deck both morning and afternoon. 
 
 On the arrival of the steamer at Antwerp, about ten o'clock 
 on the morning of June 24, the writer instantly made prepara- 
 tions to locate suitable grounds on which the men could train, 
 and through the courtesy of President Paul Havenith, of the 
 Beershot A. C., was very successful. While the arena did 
 not contain a running track, it answered the purpose better. 
 The men trained on the large polo field, which was an elegant 
 piece of turf, as level as a billiard table and about 350 by TOO 
 yards. Training on this turf was much better for the men than 
 a hard track, as it kept the men's legs in better condition. In 
 addition to the polo field there was also ten clay tennis courts, a 
 foot ball and a cricket field and a second foot ball field, where 
 the weight men threw the hammer and discus and put the shot. 
 The jumpers and pole vaulters worked out behind the grand 
 stand of the main cricket and foot ball field, where they were 
 permitted to dig pits, etc. The Eeershot A. C. officials also fur- 
 nished the team with hurdles and jumping uprights, and every 
 one concerned felt that the team was very fortunate in finding 
 such an ideal place. The men worked on Monday afternoon, 
 twice on Tuesday and on Wednesday morning, before the ship 
 sailed for Stockholm. The Finland sailed from Antwerp for 
 Stockholm at 12:00 o'clock on Wednesday, June 26, and no fur- 
 ther work was indulged in until Sweden was reached four days 
 later. 
 
240 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF SPORTS IN SWEDEN 
 
 Athletics in Sweden are organized on a very firm basis, it 
 having been found possible to unite the various special associa- 
 tions representing those branches of sport that do not require 
 exercise without expensive arrangements and apparatus, into one 
 common confederation called the "National Association of the 
 Swedish Gymnastic and Athletic Clubs." By this means it has 
 been possible to introduce uniform rules, promote co-operation 
 between the association and, by means of one common direction 
 of the whole, support, promote and direct the athletic life of the 
 country. 
 
 The National, Association is the .highest authority in the active 
 Swedish athletic movement, and consists of representatives, first, 
 from sections, each of which sends two members, and, secondly, 
 from the district associations, which send one delegate for every 
 full five hundred members up to a total of, at most, twelve rep- 
 resentatives. The General Meeting of the National Association 
 decides all questions as to rules and other matters of great 
 importance or which deal with the fundamental principles of 
 the Association. 
 
 The General Meeting of the Association elects a special Board 
 or committee of thirty persons, which forms the final court of 
 appeal in athletic matters. In addition, the General Meeting 
 elects a Rules Committee, which has to consider and report on 
 proposed alterations of rules and other regulations. 
 
 The Board prepares the agenda of the meeting, ratifies the 
 instructions, determinations, and rules for every branch of sport, 
 and decides questions which do not belong to the domain of the 
 General Meeting. The Board elects from among its own mem- 
 bers an AdDoinjstrjjiYe...pjTimittee, which has to deal with the 
 current business and to manage the finances of the National 
 Association. 
 
 The athletic clubs are affiliated both to special associations 
 and also to the respective district associations. Each club pays a 
 very low fee to the association to which it is affiliated. In order 
 for an athletic club to become a member of a special association 
 it is necessary for the club to show that it really^practises^he 
 form of athletics it professes to exercise. No fees7on"tne other 
 hand, are paid to the district associations, but the fees for the 
 several clubs are paid instead in their entirety to the National 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 Association, and are calculated according to the numerical 
 strength of the clubs. 
 
 H. R. H. the Crown Prince of Sweden has been the president 
 of the National Association and its Board ever since the forma- 
 tion of this body. 
 
 There are thus special associations for athletics, canoeing, 
 cycling, fencing, foot ball, golf, gymnastics, lawn tennis, rowing, 
 skate-sailing, skating and swimming, each of which has the inde- 
 pendent care of its special branch of sport, and represents its 
 branch in all dealings with abroad, but co-operates with the 
 Board of the National Association. The clubs forming a special 
 association hold a meeting every year, and this meeting makes 
 its decisions in agreement with the rules and regulations 
 approved by the National Association. It also appoints a com- 
 mittee which has charge of the affairs of the Association, strives 
 to promote the jrtfe.raftts and growth of $e branch nLjjQort in 
 question, investigates cases of disputed amateurship, arranges 
 championship matches, and, in a word, has the technical direction 
 of the said sport. 
 
 The district associations, twenty-one in number, are, for the 
 most part, divided into branches whose limits agree with those 
 of the Swedish provinces. To each district association are affili- 
 ated all the athletic clubs existing within its boundaries. It is 
 the task of these district associations, controlled by the special 
 associations, to be the directing power for every branch of sport 
 in their respective districts, to see that championship meetings 
 for the district, etc., are arranged, and also to decide questions 
 regarding athletics that may arise within the respective terri- 
 tories. The district associations work in agreement with uni- 
 form regulations which have been approved by the National 
 Association. The administration of the district associations is 
 in the hands of a committee elected at a general meeting of the 
 clubs affiliated to the district association or, in the case of the 
 larger district associations, is undertaken by special committees 
 for the various branches of sport. 
 
 As far as the economical position of the National Association 
 is concerned, it should be said that the Swedish State has assisted 
 the Association by allowing it to start a lottery which has cre- 
 ated a capital giving an annual income available for adminis- 
 trative support, amounting to about $5.500. In addition to this, 
 the National Association has an income derived from the annual 
 fees of the clubs. 
 
 In order to encourage the exercise of athletics in general, and, 
 more especially, the keeping up of these pursuits after attaining 
 manhood, the National Association has issued an "Athletic 
 Badge" which can be awarded to every sportsman who is a 
 
242 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 Swedish subject, belongs to some club affiliated to the National 
 Association, and who has merited the distinction in accordance 
 with the conditions mentioned below. 
 
 The badge has three distinct grades and, in agreement with 
 these, is awarded in bronze, silver and gold. 
 
 The bronze badge is granted to every athlete who, during the 
 course of one and the same calendar year, passes one test in each 
 group of exercises. The sportsman who, during each and every 
 one of four years (whether in succession or not) passes one test 
 in each group, is entitled to the silver badge, while the one who 
 satisfies the same conditions during each of eight years (whether 
 successive or not), is entitled to the gold badge. That athlete, 
 however, who, during the course of the year when he reaches his 
 thirty-second birthday, or at a later date, passes one test in 
 every group, shall also be awarded the gold badge, irrespective 
 of whether he has previously obtained the other badges or not. 
 
 The tests shall be carried out at places and times determined 
 by the committee of the proper club, or at matches of which due 
 notice has been given. Every test shall be verified by two judges. 
 
 The acquisition of a badge of a higher degree nullifies the 
 right of bearing badges of a lower degree previously gained. 
 
 The tests which must be passed in order to gain the athletic 
 badge are divided into the following five groups : 
 
 Group I. Swimming 200 meters (swimming test) or gym- 
 nastics. 
 
 Group II. High jump, minimum, 135 centimeters ; or long 
 jump, minimum, 475 centimeters. 
 
 Group III. Running 100 meters, maximum time, 13 seconds ; or 
 running 400 meters, maximum time, 65 seconds ; or running 1,500 
 meters, maximum time, 5 minutes 15 seconds. 
 
 Group IV. Fencing or throwing the discus, minimum, 40 
 meters; or throwing the javelin, minimum, 50 meters; or putting 
 the weight, minimum, 16 meters. 
 
 Group V. Running 10,000 meters, maximum time, 50 minutes ; 
 or swimming 1,000 meters, maximum time, 28 minutes; or skating 
 10,000 meters, maximum time, 25 minutes ; or running on skis 
 20,000 meters cross country, maximum time, 2 hours 15 minutes; 
 or cycling (on road) 20,000 meters, maximum time, 50 minutes ; 
 or taking part in the final of a league foot ball match or in a 
 match for the Swedish Foot Ball Championship. 
 
 The first association of importance for the promotion of ath- 
 letics in Sweden is the "Central Association for the Promotion 
 of Athletics." It is true that there were a great number of ath- 
 letic clubs at an earlier date, but there existed no central, direct- 
 ing body cementing these together, while, in addition, these clubs 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 243 
 
 did not possess the economic resources necessary for the arrange- 
 ment of, or participation in, athletic gatherings of importance, or 
 for representing Sweden at similar meetings abroad. Neither 
 did the clubs possess the necessary means for the creation of 
 athletic grounds. In order to promote these interests and in 
 order to spread a knowledge of, and awaken the public interest 
 in athletics', the above mentioned Central Association was 
 founded in the year 1897. As a consequence of the work of the 
 Central Association the importance of athletics as an educational 
 factor in the development of the nation became more and more 
 acknowledged, and practical athletics gradually began to gain a 
 fast footing in the everyday life of the Swedish people. 
 
 The two great athletic organizations, the Central Association 
 and the National Association, have agreed to so choose their 
 spheres of activity that the Central Association is the highest 
 authority as regards the economical direction of Swedish ath- 
 letics, while the National Association forms the highest court of 
 appeal in questions pertaining to the organization and direction 
 of sport. On all great occasions in the world of athletics, how- 
 ever, such as the Olympic Games, etc., Sweden is represented by 
 both organizations in common. 
 
 The homework on which the Central Association has chiefly 
 concentrated its efforts has been the encouragement, support and 
 establishment of athletic grounds all over the country. Chiefly by 
 its own resources the Central Association has thus created, and 
 still supports, the principal athletic grounds in Stockholm, viz., 
 the Ostermalm Athletic Grounds, which boast three foot ball 
 fields, running tracks, and spaces for jumping and throwing, etc., 
 in addition to a first-class lawn tennis hall with two covered 
 courts and two outdoor courts. These grounds have cost about 
 $55,000 and were of great service during the Olympic Games, as 
 they lie quite close to the newly created Stadium and were 
 reserved as training grounds for the athletes taking part in the 
 games. 
 
 It is on account of the action of the Central Association, 
 both by means of members belonging to the International Olym- 
 pic Committee and also as a result of the sanction of the State 
 and the co-operation of the National Association, that Sweden 
 was able to accept the task of arranging the recent Olympic 
 Games, which was offered to Sweden at the Congress of the 
 International Olympic Committee in Berlin, 1909. 
 
 The most important work for the promotion of Swedish ath- 
 letics that has been done by the Central Association is, however, 
 the establishment of the "Northern Games," which, with the 
 Olympic Games as their prototype, were arranged by the Central 
 Association in Stockholm for the first time in 1901. As the title 
 
244 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 indicates, these games embrace chiefly those sports which are 
 practised in winter in the northern lands of Europe, such as ski 
 running and skating in all their various forms, ice yachting, 
 skate-sailing, bandy, toboganning and kicking-sledge, riding, 
 hunting, steeple chases and other riding competitions in deep 
 snow, the drawing of ski runners by horsemen for a distance of 
 forty-two miles, rifle shooting by ski runners, military cross- 
 country running matches, and long distance despatch-carrying 
 "fiery-cross" running on skis for a distance of 120 miles ; in a 
 word, competitions in all kinds of winter athletics. In addition 
 to these, fencing and gymnastics always form part of the pro- 
 gramme of the Northern Games, the gymnastics being taken in 
 connection with national peasant dances, northern music and pic- 
 tures from the history of Sweden. Since the building of the 
 large swimming baths very interesting swimming matches have 
 also formed part of the programme. The budget of the Northern 
 Games amounts to about $20,000. 
 
 These Northern Games, as they are called, the aim of which 
 is to show the present position of sports in the North and espe- 
 cially in Sweden, are repeated regularly every fourth year in 
 Stockholm, always during the second week of February, and last 
 for nine days. It is true they are intended for the Northern 
 countries of Europe and, in the first place, to test Sweden's own 
 sportsmen, but the sportsmen of other countries are also invited 
 to take part in these matches, while all who have an interest in 
 the games are invited to be present. 
 
 The Northern Games were first held in 1901, repeated in 1905 
 and in 1909, and will thus be held again in 1913. 
 
SPALDINCTS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 245 
 
 NOW FOR BERLIN IN 1916 
 
 BY J. E. SULLIVAN. 
 
 A capital suggestion, and one that no doubt will be worked out 
 very successfully, has been made by Mr. Bartow S. Weeks of 
 New York, a member of the American Olympic Committee of 
 1912. Mr. Weeks suggests that a permanent American Olympic 
 Association be created for the purpose of supporting future 
 American Olympic teams and that an annual fee of say, five 
 dollars, be charged for each member. This suggestion was made 
 with the belief that there exists in this country thousands of 
 good sportsmen who would gladly enroll in such an organization 
 for the furtherance of the Olympic Idea. The funds that will be 
 collected in this manner are not to be used at all in preparatory 
 training expenses, but will be devoted exclusively to the legiti- 
 mate expenses of the American Olympic team after it has been 
 selected, which will be some time in May, 1916. 
 
 That the Olympic Games at Berlin will surpass all previous 
 events of the kind goes without saying. With the patronage of 
 Emperor William, whose enthusiasm for everything that tends to 
 the betterment of the German race is well known, no effort will 
 be spared to show the world the superiority of the German ath- 
 letes, and, judging from the remarkable performances of the 
 comparatively few athletes who have represented Germany at 
 previous Olympic Games, there must be untold wealth of athletic 
 material in the German empire, which, with characteristic Ger- 
 man thoroughness of preparation, will be in evidence at Berlin 
 in 1916. 
 
 It has been suggested that after the various events that go to 
 make up the Olympic programme have been promulgated by the 
 German Olympic Committee all promoters of athletic meets 
 include in their programmes similar events, so that the American 
 athletes will have plenty of practice. 
 
 It is to be hoped that the German Olympic Committee will ask 
 for and give consideration to the suggestions of other nations 
 before deciding upon the programme, that sufficient time for 
 preparation may be had. 
 
 All in all the Olympic Games of 1916 will be a world event in 
 the true sense of the word, and may we all be there to again 
 cheer when "Old Glory" is hoisted to denote an American victory. 
 
246 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 OLYMPIC FUND CONTRIBUTIONS 
 
 To the great generosity of the American people is due the 
 success of the American representatives at the Olympic Games 
 at Stockholm in 1912. When it is considered that the contribu- 
 tions were devoted to the expenses of the team exclusively and 
 that the entire amount was collected by voluntary contributions, 
 without a subsidy in any shape or form from the Government 
 or from any State or municipality, it is all the more remark- 
 able. Prior to the departure of the team not one cent was 
 spent for an athlete's expenses, for a manager or official. The 
 American Olympic Committee paid the expenses of the athletes 
 uoon their arrival in New York to take the steamer for Stock- 
 holm on June I4th. 
 
 The members of the Committee and the officers worked for 
 several years on the organization of a team to represent the 
 United States at the Fifth Olympiad. They gave up their valu- 
 able time and traveled at their own expense. It did not cost 
 the American Committee one cent for organization. 
 
 The finances of the American Olympic Committee were at- 
 tended to by Mr. Julian W. Curtiss of New York, as Treasurer, 
 who served in the same capacity for the American Committee 
 for the Fourth Olympiad, at London in 1908. Mr. Bartow S. 
 Weeks of New York was Chairman of the Transportation Com- 
 mittee and under his direction were made all the arrangements 
 for the charter of the Finland and the accommodations for the 
 athletes in Stockholm. 
 
 Last, but not least, to Col. R. M. Thompson, President of the 
 American Olympic Committee, are due the thanks of the nation. 
 His unbounded faith in the ability of the American athlete to 
 conquer the world led him to advance and contribute a large 
 amount to the fund. 
 
 TREASURER CURTISS' REPORT. 
 
 Received from sale of passenger ac- 
 commodations on S. S. Finland.. $55,453.72 
 
 Contributions including $13,500 from 
 Colonel Robert M. Thompson 69,915.62 
 
 $125,369.34 
 Expenses 123,564.75 
 
 Cash on hand, Treasurer $1,804.59 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTIONS 
 
 247 
 
 The following is a list of contributors to the Olympic Fund of 1912. 
 
 Boston Try-outs $10,375 
 
 Chicago contribution, through 
 
 E. C. Brown 4,625 
 
 Members New York A.C 3,812.50 
 
 Chicago A.A 3,55o 
 
 Metropolitan Assn., A.A.U., 
 $500; Celtic Park Meet- 
 ing, $1,800 2,300 
 
 New England Committee, 
 through H. Hornblower, 
 
 Treas 2,225 
 
 Intercollegiate A. A.A. A 1,800 
 
 Revolver Association i ,500 
 
 Olympic Club, San Francisco. 
 Col. Robt. M. Thompson, N.Y. 1,000 
 Allison V. Armour, N. Y. ... 1,000 
 Amateur Athletic Union of 
 
 the United States 1,000 
 
 Illinois A.C., Chicago 1,000 
 
 Bicycle team 4 through R. F. 
 
 Kelsey i ,000 
 
 Bicycle Team Fund 700 
 
 San Francisco Examiner 600 
 
 Dartmouth College 509 
 
 A. G. Spalding & Bros 500 
 
 J. P. Morgan, New York .... 500 
 Andrew Carnegie, New York. 
 C. K. G. Billings, New York. 
 John D. Rockefeller, Chicago. 
 
 T. C. DuPont, Maryland 
 
 M. Hartley Dodge, New York 
 Pittsburgh A.C 
 
 Newsboys' meeting ......... $ 187.95 
 
 Entry fees Eastern try-outs.. 178 
 Cotton Exchange, through J. 
 Riordan .................. 165 
 
 University of Chicago ....... 150 
 
 Amateur Fencers' League.... 150 
 
 George L. Hunter, Boston... 100 
 A. Paul Keith, Boston, Mass. 100 
 S. H. P. Pell & Co., N. Y... 100 
 Huckleberry Indians, New 
 
 York A.C., New York ..... 100 
 
 City A.C., New York ........ 100 
 
 M. F. Plant, New York ...... 100 
 
 ',068.45 C. W. Harkness, New York.. 
 Renskorf, Lyon & Co., N. Y. 
 Gwathmey & Co., New York. 
 G. H. McFadden & Bro., N.Y 
 C. Ledyard Blair, New York. 
 
 500 
 500 
 500 
 500 
 500 
 500 
 
 :tsburgh 
 
 George T. Gould 500 
 
 H. F. McCormick 500 
 
 Southern Pacific Association, 
 
 A.A.U., Los Angeles 500 
 
 Cyrus H. McCormick, Chicago 500 
 Irish-American A.C., through 
 
 P. J. Cpnway 385 
 
 Yale University A.A., New 
 
 Haven, Conn 300 
 
 Amateur Fencers 300 
 
 W. M. Oler 300 
 
 Frederic B. Pratt, Brooklyn. 250 
 
 George D. Pratt, New York. 250 
 
 S. R. Guggenheim, New York 250 
 
 Military A.L., New York.... 250 
 
 Boston A.A., Boston, Mass.... 250 
 
 Missouri A.C, St. Louis 250 
 
 Multnomah A.A. Club, Port- 
 land, Ore 250 
 
 Brown University 250 
 
 Lee, Higginson & Co., N. Y,. 200 
 
 Hugh H. Baxter, New York. 200 
 
 ' E. Faber 200 
 
 Univ. of Pennsylvania A.A. . . 200 
 
 100 
 
 IOO 
 IOO 
 IOO 
 IOO 
 IOO 
 IOO 
 IOO 
 IOO 
 IOO 
 
 J. G. Bourne, New York ..... 
 
 Robert Tod, New York ...... 
 
 August Belmont, New York.. 
 Lewisohn Bros., New York. . 
 Anheuser-Busch Brew. Assn. . 
 R. A. Sassen, N.Y.A.C ....... 100 
 
 Princeton A.A ............... 100 
 
 Baltimore A.C ............... 100 
 
 H. L. Pratt ................. 100 
 
 Detroit Y.M.C.A ............. 100 
 
 Lembeck & Betz Brewing Co.. 100 
 T. M. Creamer .............. 
 
 R. W. Kelly ............... . 
 
 St. Louis, through Bland ..... 
 
 Buffalo, through E. Reinecke. 
 St. Agnes A.C., New York... 
 Metropolitan Life A.A ...... 
 
 Wm. Allen Butler ........... 
 
 American Metal Co., N. Y... 
 Mohawk A.C ................ 
 
 University of Michigan ...... 
 
 Harry Content .............. 
 
 David H. Miller, Cotton Ex- 
 
 change, New. York. . T ...... 
 
 R. B. Thomas, New York ____ 
 
 Charles Steele, New York ____ 
 
 Royce & Co., New York ..... 
 
 Riordan Schloss, New York.. 
 Deal Beach Swimming Club. . 
 A. G. Mills, New York ...... 
 
 George Wright, Boston, Mass. 
 Charles H. Carter, Boston... 
 Edward E. Babb, Boston ..... 
 
 Middle Atlantic Assn. A.A.U. 
 Meadowbrook Club, Philadel- 
 
 phia, Pa ................... 
 
 W. J. Lemp Brewing Co., St. 
 
 Louis .................... 50 
 
 100 
 100 
 
 96.50 
 
 86 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 75 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 50 
 50 
 50 
 50 
 50 
 50 
 50 
 50 
 50 
 50 
 
 50 
 
248 
 
 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 J. T. Brush :..$ 
 
 St. Louis Democrat 
 
 Pacific Northwest Assn 
 
 S. C. Davis & Co., St. Louis. 
 
 R. B. Thomas 
 
 S. W. Childs' Office 
 
 Cash, through Pell & Co., N. Y. 
 
 Newsboys, through Jack Sulli- 
 van 
 
 Pentathlon Try-outs 
 
 Hollywood Inn Club, Yon- 
 kers, N. Y 
 
 E. J. Wendell 
 
 New York Turn Verein 
 
 D. G. Herring. 
 
 Duryea, Tappin & Co 25 
 
 Spencer Waters, Cotton Ex- 
 change, New York 25 
 
 Cash, Cotton Exchange, N. Y. 25 
 Alexander & Co., Cotton Ex- 
 change, New York 25 
 
 Erasmus Hall H.S., N. Y. . . . 25 
 
 University of Virginia 25 
 
 Robert Maxwell, New York. . 25 
 
 C. H. DeWitt & Co., N. Y... 25 
 
 R. J. Ferris, New York 25 
 
 Grossman Sielcken, New York 25 
 
 J. H. Abeel, New York 25 
 
 L. L. Clark, New York 25 
 
 Mott Haven A.C., New York. 25 
 
 E. H. Reynolds, New York.. 25 
 
 Galway Men's Assn., N. Y... 25 
 
 Rothschild & Co 25 
 
 Artisans A. A., Philadelphia... 25 
 
 Pastime A.C., New York 25 
 
 Barnes Bros., New York 25 
 
 C. H. Wilcox, New York 25 
 
 G. W. Kuhlke, New York.... 25 
 
 A. C. James, New York 25 
 
 Sporting Goods Dealers' Assn. 25 
 
 St. George's Club, New York. 25 
 
 Wm. Allen Butler, New York 25 
 
 Xavier Club, New York 25 
 
 Gen. Geo. W. Wingate, N. Y. 25 
 
 Edwin W. Bulkeley, N. Y.... 25 
 
 H. L, Pratt,*New York 25 
 
 Henry Hentz, New York. ... 25 
 
 Francis Leland, New York. . . 25 
 
 O. L. Richards, New York... 25 
 
 Chas. H. Steihway, New York 25 
 
 National A.C., Brooklyn 25 
 
 Mercury A.C., Yonkers, N.Y. 25 
 
 St. Louis A.A.A 25 
 
 Benjamin Gratz, St. Louis... 25 
 
 St. Louis Post-Dispatch 25 
 
 D. R. Francis & Co 25 
 
 N. Y. P. O. Clerks' Assri 25 
 
 W. A. Stickney Cigar Co 25 
 
 Charles A. Kittle 25 
 
 J. A. Heydler 25 
 
 B. F. Edwards, St. Louis $ 
 
 J. H. Hallock 
 
 Norvin Lindheim 
 
 St. Louis Republic, St. Louis. 
 
 John Buckle 
 
 Dominican Lyceum 
 
 A. L. Shapleigh, St. Louis... 
 
 Murray Carleton, St. Louis.. 
 38.94 St. Bartholomew's Par'h House 
 32.60 D. M. Brady 
 
 Charles J. Harvey ". 
 
 27 Appel & Co 
 
 25 A. G. Edwards & Co., St. Louis 
 25 Caspar Whitney, New York.. 
 
 Cash 
 
 Finnish-American A.C., N. Y. 
 R. C. Kammerer, New York.. 
 Whittaker & Co., St. Louis. . . 
 
 D. S. Adler 
 
 Gaelic Club of Waterbury 
 
 Norwegian Turn Society 
 
 Dempsey 
 
 N. P. Stauffer, Lansdowne, Pa. 
 
 H. A. Smith, New York 
 
 Simeon Ford, New York 
 
 Philadelphia Swimming Club. 
 
 W. A. Martin, New York 
 
 R. W. DeForest, New York.. 
 McCaddin Lyceum, Brooklyn. 
 Anchor A.C., New Jersey... 
 
 0. J. Gude, New York 
 
 1. M. Ullman 
 
 Edward deC. Chisholm 
 
 Burton Busch 
 
 F. M. Chete 
 
 F. O. Roe 
 
 D. E. Seybel 
 
 George H. B. Mitchell 
 
 E. LaMontagne Sons 
 
 R. Tait McKenzie, Philadelphia 
 
 Miller & Co., New York 
 
 Visitacion Valley A. A., San 
 
 Francisco 
 
 J. V. Black, New York 
 
 W. G. Conklin, New York... 
 
 G. C. Boldt, Jr., New York 
 W. H. Huest, New York..'.'. 
 Nat'l Turn Verein, Newark.. 
 
 Forest Hills A.A., Mass 
 
 W. M. V. Hoffman .' 
 
 Junior A.C., Norristown, Pa.. 
 
 F. L. Eldredge, New York... 
 Charles Curie, Jr., New York 
 Geo. H. Hentzler, New York. 
 W. C. Muschenheim, N. Y... 
 
 F. E. Eveland, New York 
 
 R. A. Semon, New York 
 
 St. Vincent Ferrer A.C., N. Y . . 
 
 Walter Scott, New York 
 
 R. S. Barnes, New York 
 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 25 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 0.50 
 o 
 o 
 
SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
 
 Bronxdale A.C., New York...$ 
 Little Falls (N. J.) A.A 
 
 B. P. Sullivan, New Orleans. 
 
 Isaac H. Orr 
 
 Trinity A.C 
 
 E. F. Hutton 
 
 G. W. Mackellar 
 
 G. C. Clausen 
 
 J. C. Hill 
 
 Fleischmann Co 
 
 W. H. Adams 
 
 R. B. Thomas, Jr 
 
 Charles A. Hatfield 
 
 J. Kennard & Sons Carpet 
 
 Co., St. Louis 
 
 Blanke-Wenneker Candy Co., 
 St. Louis 
 
 Mermod, Jaccard & King Jew- 
 elry Co., St. Louis 
 
 W. W. Cohen 
 
 Greek-American A.C 
 
 C. T. Wills 
 
 Academic A.L., California 
 
 Famous, St. Louis 
 
 Stix-Baer-Fuller Dry .Goods 
 
 Co., St. Louis 
 
 Muldeney & Martin 
 
 Louis Cella, St. Louis 
 
 Scruggs, Vandervoort & Bar- 
 ney St. Louis 
 
 Rice, Stix, Dry Goods Co., St. 
 Louis 
 
 N. A. Doyle 
 
 Bohemian Gymnasium Asso- 
 ciation 
 
 Smart Set 
 
 G. J. Foran, New York 
 
 R. B. Wood, New York 
 
 New Jersey A.C 
 
 Leon P. Fenstman, N. Y 
 
 Isaac D. Fletcher, New York 
 
 C. A. Taussig, New York 
 
 A. V. Baird, New York 
 
 Thomas Lavelle, New York... 
 
 M. C. Bacon, New York 
 
 F. W. Nowka, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 T. Kingsley Bull 
 
 W. H. Cheesbrough 
 
 Columbian A.C., St. Louis... 
 
 Grace Club, New York 
 
 L. E. Stoddard 
 
 G. P. McLean $ 
 
 E. C. Jessup 
 
 C. P. Senter 
 
 Otto Wagner 
 
 J. O. Jimeris & Co 
 
 Franklin A.C 
 
 Harlem Evening H. &., N. Y . . 
 St. Joseph's T. A. B. Society. 
 A. & R. S. Lehman, N. Y... 
 
 T. H. Price, New York 
 
 Catholic School A.L., Cal 
 
 F. J. Brennan, Bridgeport.... 
 Charles M. Merwin 
 
 E. C. Cranberry 
 
 South B'way A.C., St. Louis.. 
 Nugent & Bros. Dry Goods 
 
 Co., St. Louis 
 
 R. A. Kathan 
 
 F. S. Butterworth 
 
 Eli Whitney 
 
 St. Paul A.A 
 
 J. A. Flynn 
 
 J. B. Rosenthal, Cincinnati. . . 
 
 J. A. Lewis, St. Louis 
 
 W. B. Cowen, St. Louis 
 
 H. A. Caesar 
 
 Keene Fitzpatrick 
 
 A. G. Wear, St. Louis 
 
 Newman, Biehle & Joyce, St. 
 
 Louis 
 
 J. J. Kelly 
 
 St. Thomas A.C 
 
 Walkers' Club of America, N. Y. 
 
 William Norton 
 
 Craig 
 
 Harry Sharp, St. Louis 
 
 P. J. McDermott, New York. 
 
 Daniel McGrogan, Newark... 
 
 J. W. Converse 
 
 A. R. Lawrence 
 
 Eastern District H. S., N.Y.. 
 
 C. H. Mallory, New York.... 
 
 H. A. Meyer, New York 
 
 J. F. Dreyer, New York 
 
 A. W. Schmidt, New York.. 
 
 H. W. Meyer, New York 
 
 Master Jack Schorers, N. Y. . 
 
 J. A. Rector, St. Louis 
 
 From Treasurer Olympic 
 Fund, London, 1908, to 
 Treasurer Olympic Fund, 
 Stockholm, 1912 
 
 249 
 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
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 5 
 
 5 
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 5 
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 5 
 4 
 2.50 
 
 2 
 
 400.83 
 
THE 
 GRAND 
 PRIXw 
 
 PARIS, 1900 
 
 At the Universal Exposition, Paris, 1 900, 
 A. G. Spalding & Bros, were awarded 
 the Grand Prize for the finest and most 
 complete line of Athletic Goods, in compe- 
 tition with the leading makers of the world. 
 
 At the Louisiana Purchase Exposition 
 
 St. Louis, 1904 
 
 A. G. Spalding & 
 Bros, received a 
 Special Award 
 (superior to the 
 Grand Prize), con- 
 sisting of a Gold 
 Medal, for the best 
 exhibit of Athletic 
 Supplies exhibited 
 at the World's Fair. 
 
 A. G. Spalding & 
 Bros, were also 
 awarded by the 
 Superior Jury a 
 Grand Prize for 
 their exhibit of all 
 kinds of Athletic 
 Implements and 
 Athletic Wearing 
 Apparel. 
 
 At the Pan-American Exposition, 1901 
 
 Spalding's Athletic Goods were exclus- 
 ively used in all athletic competitions. 
 
 A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 
 
 New York Chicago San Francisco Montreal London Paris Sydney 
 
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