THE LIBRARY

THE UNIVERSITY
OE CALIFORNIA

LOS ANGELES

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LAWIEP

DALLAS,

MANUAL

GEO. E. DOUGHERTY, Author.

Price $1.50.

THE PEOPLE'S COLLEGE,
Fort Scott, Kansas

Copyrighted 1913
By GEO. E. DOUGHERTY

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

ABOUT DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

There are systems and systems of Shorthand. There

are also "standard" systems standard for the same reason

that locomotion by horse power is "standard" because they

have been used for years and years. But as steam and elec-

tricity are superseding horse power, so surely are improved

methods of Shorthand superseding these "standard," but be-

hind-the-times systems. Of late years a number of

systems intended to meet the popular demand have

been invented. Some of them have excellent features,

2 but most of them retain the most objectionable feature of

^ the old methods, (the use of certain positions above, on, and

>_ below the line to make distinctions between words which

ig would otherwise be written exactly alike, the vowels being

|g all omitted in rapid writing). Others fail to make sufficient

^j difference between the various vowel signs to afford the

greatest degree of legibility.

i? Shorthand Essentials.

As Shorthand is used for the reproduction of speech

5 it is evident that the chief requisites are legibility and
speed. We place legibility first. Speed is necessary, be-
cause without it the record cannot well be made; but legi-
bility is of much greater importance, because a record
which cannot be read is worthless. Besides, legibility is

zi a very important element in speed, for the reason that it
gives to the writer a confidence which must necessarily
add greatly to the ease of writing.

As to Legibility.

To secure the greatest degree of legibility it is nec-
essary that the vowels, which are the most important sounds
of words, be actually written, in their regular order in
words. In the old methods they are necessarily omitted
in rapid writing, because the only way in which they can
be written at all is by means of disconnected dots and

448598

4 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

dashes (light and heavy), which must be placed in cer-
tain positions alongside the consonant strokes after all
the consonants have been written; and it is utterly im-
possible to write them in this way rapidly enough for
practical use.

As a result of the omission of the vowels a number
of words have exactly the same consonant outline. In
order to prevent confusion, some of these outlines are
written above the line, others on the line, and certain
others below the line. This is called "position writing,"
the three positions corresponding with those which the
dots and dashes would occupy if written beside the con-
sonant strokes. As a further precaution, there are sev-
eral different ways of writing certain consonants, each to
be used in certain words. This is an arbitrary device, ne-
cessitating much memorizing of outlines.

As to the importance of the vowels, we can quote many
leading writers and authors, even of those systems which
omit the vowels.

What Writers of Other Systems Say.

Jerome B. Howard, one of the authors of the Benn
Pitman System text-books, in an address to commercial
teachers, said: "Position writing * * * is a compen-
sating device for restoring legibility lost through the omis-
sion of the vowels.

It only partially restores this lost legibility, however,
because it frequently happens that several words in the
same position, written exactly alike, make equally good
sense in the same place. Besides, it often requires so much
mental effort to determine the proper position, that one
frequently writes an outline in the wrong position, and the
legibility is not at all restored.

Why Write the Vowels.

Isaac S. Dement, author of Dement's Pitmanic Short-
hand, who had the reputation of being the most rapid
Shorthand writer in the world, is quoted as saying:

"Vowels constitute an important part of Shorthand.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 5

I have seen the time when I would have given the price
of the transcript for a single vowel."

In his text-book he urges students to write the vowels
as far as they possibly can, saying, "Do not drop the vowels
too soon. They are your best friends."

As further indication of Mr. Dement's estimate of the
vowels it may be said that, according to his own published
statement, only "business reasons" deterred him from is-
suing a connective-vowel system, which he had ready at
that time, and which he has since published.

The late David Wolfe Brown, reporter in Congress and
a Pitmanic writer, wrote an excellent book entitled "Fac-
tors of Shorthand Speed," which is intended for the practi-
cal stenographer as much as for the learner. In this book
he urges the writing of vowels even to the extent of neglect-
ing the consonant outlines, for, he says:

"When a word, because unfamiliar, is indistinctly un-
derstood, the vowels are generally more clearly heard than
the consonants; and though the consonant outlines! may
be incorrect, a clearly expressed vowel may be so won-
derfully suggestive as to settle beyond a doubt the word
intended."

It is quite noticeable that expert Pitmanic writers, in
making suggestions to stenographers, advise them to utilize
their spare moments during dictation by going back and
inserting as many vowels as possible, especially in unfa-
miliar words.

Writers Are Agreed.

&o you will see that all Shorthand writers are agreed
upon the importance of the vowels and the desirability of
having them written where they belong in words; and the
advantage of writing them thus, as the rule, instead of the
exception, must be plain to every one, for while taking the
dictation, it is not likely to occur to the writer that he
may afterwards have trouble in reading a word which, at
the time of writing it, is perfectly clear.

The only difference of opinion on this point among
Shorthand writers is that some claim it to be merely the
ideal way, impossible of attainment.

6 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

Should be Written in the Words.

The advantage of writing the vowels where they be-
long in words the natural way is generally admitted
by expert writers of the old systems. Jerome B. Howard
said, in connection with the statement I have quoted:

"If it were possible to write the vowels where they
belong in words rapidly enough for practical work, position
writing would not be used."

Mr. Howard probably intended to prove the impracti-
cability of the natural method by the fact that so many
people still adhere to position writing. This fact, however,
no more proves such a claim than does the fact that people
continue to patronize a swindler prove that he is no
swindler.

But the gist of his statement is a remarkably strong
admission as to the importance of the vowels and the ad-
vantage of writing them naturally where they belong in
words, when he says that the advantage is so great that
one needs only to be convinced of its feasibility to cause
him to abandon position writing and adopt the connective-
vowel method.

It is not difficult to show the practicability of the nat-
ural method. A comparison of our Shorthand outlines with
the briefest Pitmanic outlines will show that our outlines,
including the vowels, are as brief, on an average, as the
others, in which the vowels are all omitted, although we
have written fully twice as many sounds.

Dougherty's Shorthand has achieved what some claim
to be merely the ideal. By this method the vowels are
written as the rnle, in their regular order in words, with-
out raising the pencil. This is the natural, simple method,
and accurately readable outlines are the result.

As to Speed,

Shorthand writing is chiefly a mental process: hence
the great requisite for speed is the minimum amount of
mental effort required in the act of writing. To secure this
we must have the greatest possible decree of simplicity.
This is conceded by all the lor.rlins; writer? and authors.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 7

Isaac S. Dement, in a personal letter to Mr. Dougherty,
reiterates his previous statements in regard to Shorthand
speed.

"It does not come from, but is retarded by a multiplic-
ity of arbitrary forms. So long as we work from principle
with which we are entirely familiar, the mind works quickly
and with as much accuracy as our mastery of the princi-
ples permits; but when seeking arbitrary the mind must
search for a particular symbol."

Search implies effort.

In the preface to his text-book Mr. Dement says that
he discarded thousands of the arbitrary signs which are
ordinarily used in the Pitmanic Systems, and that, his
mind being thus freed from this burden, his speed was
increased.

"It requires more time," he eays, "for the mind to call
up a special picture of an isolated contraction than it re-
quires to apply familiar rules."

The late Mr. C. H. Nettels of this City, who was con-
ceded to be one of the most rapid Shorthand writers in
the country, went to even greater lengths in this direction
than does Mr. Dement, claiming that, although his outlines
were very much longer, he could write them much more
rapidly because he could think them more easily. His idea
was that the mind should be relieved by simplifying the
method, even though the hand be compelled to do several
times as much actual work.

Mr. Nettels highly recommended Dougherty's Short-
hand because it so fully conforms to this idea and that,
too, without increasing the length of outlines.

Simplicity Means Speed.

Dougherty's Shorthand surpasses all others in point
of simplicity.

This simplicity is secured by adhering to the natural,
rational method, which is to reproduce the sounds of which
words are composed, in the exact order in which they are
pronounced.

Thus, we have a sign of a certain shape for each of
the various sounds which compose ordinary speech. These

8 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

signs, or pictures we might call them, are written one after
the other in the order in which the corresponding sounds
are pronounced, and they are written without raising the
pencil.

No thought of position is necessary, because our out-
lines mean precisely the same in one position as in another.

It is not necessary to memorize many word forms, as
in most cases our complete outlines are briefer than the
arbitrary, contracted word forms in the old methods. Even
when the outlines are longer they are more easily written,
because there is much less mental effort required in the act
of writing.

In short, by using the natural method, as indicated, we
escape the numerous difficulties which are utterly unavoid-
able in position writing.

Simple and Brief.

It will thus be seen that we have secured the greatest
degree of simplicity without increasing the average length
of outlines. This result has been secured by a rearrange-
ment of the material, using those signs which afford the
best combinations and avoid angles, or make such angles
as we are accustomed to making in longhand writing, using
as signs for the most frequently occurring sounds such
strokes as occur most frequently in longhand.

It is frequently the case that from three to six sounds,
and sometimes even more, are represented by a single con-
tinuous stroke. Yet excess of horizontal strokes is avoided,
thus affording outlines which are not only more easily writ-
ten, but are also more legible.

Readability Not Sacrificed to Writability.

Several of the newer systems, such as the Gregg, have
too much sameness in the direction of the strokes to se-
cure the greatest degree of legibility and rapidity combined.

In our System the strokes, although nearly all in a
rightward direction, have variety enough to afford more
legible outlines, yet do not retard the smoothness of the
movement.

A study of rapid longhnnd writing will show that

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 9

angles, to a certain extent, are an advantage. Notice, for
example, the tops of a longhand letter "n," which are gen-
erally and more easily written like the tops of a "u."

We do not claim for our method that it is the only feas-
ible one. There are several other connective-vowel sys-
tems which have attained unquestioned success. Our meth-
od, however, surpasses others of the same class in simplic-
ity, in ease of outline, and in legibility.

As to legibility, for example, some methods practically
represent as many as three vowel sou.nds by the same sign.
True^ there is a provision for indicating distinctions by
means of disconnected dots, which must be inserted after
the outline is completed. But such a device is not likely
to be used where it is really needed, since the writer is not
likely while writing a word to expect trouble in reading
it afterwards.

It is just as easy in the first place to learn a distinct
sign for each of the sounds, and it is certainly easier to
think of the desired sign when needed if each sound is
invariably represented in the same way than if its dis-
tinctive form is used only occasionally.

In a Nutshell.

To recapitulate: The ideal system must be legible
and rapid. Legibility is secured by writing the vowels.
Speed is secured chiefly by simplicity. Writing the vowels
as they occur in words affords the greatest degree of sim-
plicity. Hence, writing the vowels connectedly insures
both legibility and speed.

How Speed is Secured.

With longhand a speed of fifty words a minute is often
acquired; twenty-five words a minute is only ordinary speed.
Four times the latter speed is ample for nearly all ordi-
nary Shorthand work, and indeed, it is seldom that e^ight
times this speed is needed in most rapid verbatim reporting.

In longhand each character requires from three to
seven strokes. In Dougherty's Shorthand, each letter is
written with one stroke. This alone would insure out-

10 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

lines five times as brief as longhand outlines, even were
all silent letters used, as they are in longhand.

But in Shorthand only the actual sounds are written,
and the silent letters are all dropped out. This still fur-
ther reduces the length of outlines.

Our Shorthand outlines, using only the alphabet, would
be more than fives times as brief as longhand. The other
principles of the system are used for the purpose of securing
a still greater degree of brevity of outline, so that our or*
dinary Shorthand outlines are more than ten times as brief
on an average, as the corresponding longhand outlines.
Hence if one be as thoroughly familiar with the Shorthand
as he is with longhand he will surely be able to write with
verbatim speed.

The practicability of our method is also proven by the
work of its writers. Many have been eminently successful
with this method who utterly failed with the old methods,
which are really practicable only for persons who possess
excellent memories, who are exceptionally quick thinkers,
and who have an extended knowledge of language.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 11

Suggestions to Students.

(a) While learning Shorthand or Typewriting, do not
entertain a thought of speed. Lose sight of everything but
accuracy. Do not be influenced by what others say to you
about speed. Many a person, because of his anxiety to get
"speed," forms habits of carelessness in writing, which greatly
handicap him in future work. Too much emphasis cannot be
placed upon the importance of absolute accuracy while learning
to write. Do not think of speed. It will surely come if you
do enough of careful, accurate practice, and the speed attained
in this way will not be at the expense of legibility, as is so
often the case otherwise. Bemember, speed in writing without
ability to read what you write is worth nothing.

(b) Learn to absolutely concentrate your attention upon
your work. This is one of the essentials to efficient service even
in actual work, and is all the more necessary in learning Short-
hand or Typewriting. It is utterly impossible to secure the
best results while your attention is divided.

(c) Train yourself to hear what is said, and to remember
what you hear. In ordinary conversation we catch the drift
of what is said and are satisfied, and so get into the habit of
only half hearing. But it is necessary to actually hear in order
to reproduce what is heard, and it is desirable in reporting to
be able to remember as many words as possible. Practice in
these lines by mentally repeating after a speaker all he says,
beginning with a few words at a time and gradually increasing
the number. The ability to carry in mind twenty-five or thirty
words while listening to the speaker and writing at the same
time, will wonderfully increase your Shorthand speed by giving
you such confidence that you will not easily become confused,
and also by enabling you to catch up with the speaker during
pauses, when he gets ahead of you. As additional help in this
direction, in your writing practice, read as many words as
you can remember and then write them, instead of reading
onh- t\vo or three words ;it a time. Tf von have some one to

12 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

dictate to you while practicing, have him read in the same
way; instead of reading slowly and continuously, have him
read more rapidly and make longer pauses where the punctti.i-
tion marks are.

(d) Ease of writing depends much upon the writing ma-
terials the kind of paper as well as pencil and it is as great
a help to the beginner as it is to the professional stenographer
to have the right materials. There is no economy in using poor
pencils and poor paper, merely because they are cheap. The
pencil should glide over the paper easily, yet with enough fric-
tion to leave a good mark without much pressure. The lead
should be tough and uniform in quality, yet soft enough to
make a good mark. For pencil work, the paper should not be
too smooth. It may be necessary to do some experimenting
before the right combination of pencil and paper is secured.

(e) Ink notes are better than pencil notes for preserva-
tion, but if a pen is used, it must be one that will move
smoothly over the paper, and the paper must have a hard,
smooth surface. It will not do for the pen to catch in the paper
or to gather fuzzy fibers to make lines where they are not
wanted.

(f) Do not sharpen the pencil to a point. Cut off the
wood, leaving the lead intact. You can make just as fine lines
with this kind of point as with a sharp point if you will occa-
sionally turn the pencil to get a new edge. The advantages of
this plan are several: The pencil will last very much longer;
the point is not nearly so apt to break off; it is much easier
to shade with such a point than with a sharp point; much L'ss
frequent sharpening is required; it avoids soiling one's fingers
in sharpening.

(g) If you are in the habit of pressing heavily on the
pencil while writing, break yourself of it. You will write much
more easily by holding the pencil lightly.

(h) Avoid putting the pencil in your mouth. It is a
waste of time and spoils the lead.

(i) While learning to write, use ruled paper as an aid in
making the strokes the right proportionate size and shape. In

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 13

actual work, however, Dougherty's Shorthand does not require
lines to write on, any more than does longhand.

We have practice paper for learners, specially ruled in
squares like the dotted lines on page 18, which is of great
advantage in learning to write the characters correctly. This
paper will be sent postpaid in quantities as small as twenty-
five cents' worth.

(j) It is desirable to write small outlines. Small notes,
closely written, afford much greater speed than too large, scat-
tered notes. As a help in this direction, write on narrow pages
or in narrow columns. The writing, too, will be done more
easily in this way, as the hand will remain more nearly in
the same position than in writing across a wide page.

(k) Carefully avoid the habit of raising the pencil in
the middle of words, and do not hesitate between strokes which
are joined without angles, but write them with a continuous
motion of the pencil. Even where there are angles, pause no
longer than is necessary; and, while learning, if compelled to
hesitate in the middle of a word, keep the pencil on the paper
until the complete outline is formed. Angles are few in this
system compared with other methods. The arrangement of the
signs is such that often two or more signs will combine in a
continuous stroke. In such cases, do not hesitate between the
strokes, as the time lost in hesitating will probably be as much
as that required to write the whole outline. As examples of
such combinations we might mention k-an, ex-p, r-t, d-j, im-en,
an-k, etc.

(1) Where it is necessary to make angles, it is easier to
make them as sharp as possible; and they will also be more
legible when so written. Therefore, vary the depth of a curved
stroke according to ease of joining.

(m) In writing, do not try to remember how you wrote
a word before. Learn instead to instantly recognize the sounds
of which words are composed, and to as readily think of the
characters for these sounds; in other words, depend upon your
knowledge of the principles instead of memorizing word forms.
The more you depend upon the principles, the greater will be
your speed in writing.

14 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

(n) As a learner, shun the use of an eraser. Do not form
the habit of depending upon correcting your mistakes. Do not
patch up your work, but do it over and over until you have
done it correctly. This applies to both Shorthand and Type-
writing. If you have written a Shorthand outline incorrectly,
cancel it with the pencil and rewrite it. Do not take the time
to erase it, and never patch, up an outline. Do not get the
idea, as a beginner, that your notebooks are to be picture
books, in which every line must be carefully drawn, and that
it is a disgrace to have a page show canceled notes. It is
essential, in learning to write Shorthand, to overcome all
tendency to form "poky" habits of thinking; and nothing
will help so much to form poky habits as to waste time in
patching up outlines.

(o) A knowledge of punctuation, composition and gram-
matical construction is essential to the best stenographic work.
Treatises upon these subjects may be found in ordinary school
books, and it is not deemed necessary or advisable to attempt
to treat them in this work. However, as a help in acquiring
a better knowledge of these branches, we would suggest careful
attention, in your general reading, to the punctuation, com-
position, etc. Also read aloud, making the natural pauses, and
thinking of the punctuation which should be used at such
pauses. In reading your Shorthand notes (while learning)
compel yourself to think of the punctuation by definitely naming
each punctuation mark. Thus, read: "This (comma) of
course (comma) is all right (period)."

(p) It is necessary to have a good knowledge of language
and of business terms and methods generally, in order to be-
come a thoroughly competent stenographer. Bead general
literature, magazines of the day, etc. Keep a notebook always
with you. In it make memoranda of words you meet, with the
spelling or meaning of which you are not familiar, and at your
first opportunity study them up in a dictionary or encyclopedia.

(q) There is great advantage in several studying together.
Different persons have their special difficulties at different
points, and therefore they can help one another. Then, too,
such study incites interest and emulation. If you are taking
up the study alone, without a teacher, get some of your friends
to join you. You can easily find several who will do this.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 15

(r) Learn to turn the leaves of your notebook without
loss of time in writing. This can be done by holding the leaf
with the thumb and forefinger of the left hand, moving it up
gradually as you write, and turning instantly when the bottom
of the page is reached.

(B) Some persons may go farther than others in the way
of contracting outlines, because of their more extended knowl-
edge of language. Do not adopt any outlines which make
your notes more difficult for you to read. Legibility is the first
consideration, and with this system it is possible to make
Shorthand writing fully as legible as longhand.

(t) There is great advantage in judicious phrasing or
combining of words in writing. The time required to carry
the pencil through the air from the end of one word to the
beginning of the next word is practically the same as is neces-
sary to write a stroke on paper. Phrasing saves this time and
effort. Besides, more words can be read at a glance, when
they are phrased, because they occupy less space, and this
often adds to legibility as well as speed in writing. In
Dougherty's Shorthand, phrasing is, with the exception of a
few arbitrary, but self-suggestive phrases, merely the joining
of words without changing their form, just as words might be
combined in longhand. Therefore, it is not necessary to memo-
rize phrase-signs as in systems using position writing. But a
word of caution may be helpful. Many students when begin-
ning to phrase go to such extremes that they have difficulty
in reading their notes, and becoming discouraged, thereafter
avoid phrasing, thus losing the advantage resulting from judi-
cious phrasing. First, phrase only words that are naturally
grouped in speaking. Thus: "deprive-me of -the"; not "de-
prive me-of the"; "tell-me to-go, " not "tell me-to go."
Second, phrase only such words as join easily and keep close
to the line of writing. Some cannot phrase safely to the extent
that others can, because of limited knowledge of language,
terms used, etc. Begin with a few of the common words, grad-
ually phrasing more and more, according to your ability to read
such combinations. Avoid all phrases which do not prove
easy for you to write and read. Nothing is gained by phras-

16 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

ing when the resulting outline cannot be written without hesita-
tion between words.

(u) Unless they wish to deviate from, their usual rule,
business men generally omit the salutation and complimentary
close, dictating only what they wish to say, together with the
names and addresses of the persons to whom they are writing,
leaving to the stenographer the arrangement, punctuation, etc.
Often they do not dictate the full addresses, but leave that to
the stenographer to supply from his own knowledge, original
letters, etc. The stenographer should, upon entering a new
position, at once learn the rules of the office in these respects,
and also familiarize himself as quickly as possible with his
employer's vocabulary and with the names which he is to use
frequently, especially the names of cities and of the regular
correspondents of the office, so that he will ask the fewest
possible questions. Most of this information may be obtained
from the correspondence files or letter copy books.

(v) As all the sounds are written in Dougherty's Short-
hand, proper names may always be safely written, as the Short-
hand outline will represent exactly what is heard. Names with
which you are familiar may always be written in Shorthand.
Names with which you are not familiar should always be
written in longhand the first time, if the dictator spells them
out for you at the time of the dictation. But do not interrupt
him to get the spelling; write the name in Shorthand and get
the spelling afterwards. You can write names more readily in
Shorthand than in longhand, and, not being hurried so much,
will write them more legibly.

(w) The employer will depend upon the stenographer to
straighten out muddled dictation, but the stenographer should
be sure he is right before making changes, and should make
them without any display of superior wisdom. Many a suc-
cessful business man, owing to lack of early educational privi-
leges, is deficient in some lines pertaining to letter writing,
and he expects his stenographer to make up for these defects.
When he finds one who can be depended upon to do this, he
in willing to pay him a good salary in order to keep him.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 17

Therefore, the stenographer should acquire the ability to write
a good letter.

(x) There is great advantage in reading others' notes.
It gives one even greater familiarity with Shorthand to read
the notes of various other writers than to confine his reading
to his own writing, and he will read his own notes more readily
as the result of such practice. Besides, it may be worth some-
thing to him sometime to be able to read readily the writing
of others. Exchange books frequently with fellow students
and read much from their notes. Also correspond with persons
as far along with the study as you are. If possible, read actual
work of writers of the system. One reason for the remarkable
success of our correspondence students lies in the fact that
they are compelled to read Shorthand notes written by the
teacher and others, and to read them entirely by the principle
without the aid of memory.

(y) Write all notes for reference in Shorthand. Once
form the habit of doing this and it will enable you to save
much that you would otherwise lose and to make memoranda
in so much less space and so much more quickly. Do all the
composing you can in Shorthand. This is splendid mental drill
for Shorthand work, as it will give you confidence in writing
and familiarity with your notes. It will also help to overcome
the tendency to be a mere machine, simply reproducing what
you hear instead of following the meaning intended to be
conveyed oy the dictator. The ability to do the latter is
worth much to a stenographer, and nothing will help so much
to give you this ability as practice in putting your thoughts
into Shorthand while you think them. You will be surprised,
too, to see how much use you can make of Shorthand in this
way.

(z) Put yourself in your employer's place, be thoughtful
of his interests. Save him a penny wherever and whenever
you can. Save him a minute of time wherever and however you
can. Save him all the bother and anxiety you can. Do this
because it is right because you owe it to your employer. But
merely from the standpoint of policy, the same advice would be
given. Carelessness in little things has lost many a one his
position.

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.' .'.:'.: . '.'.". . '.-. :.!'. ': ;.'.! .'..'.'.. I j .'.'. ';'.'/- .": _ .".":".":.. "'.".": ." .''..":"..":"/.' ."I : ."i. '."!

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 19

INTRODUCTORY LESSON.

Shorthand is a method of recording speech.

The phonograph makes a record of speech for the ear,

Ordinary longhand and print make a record of speech
for the eye.

Shorthand, like long-hand and print, makes a record
of speech for the eye.

To make a record for the eye we must have pictures
(or signs) for the sounds which are combined to make
up words.

Thus, in the word "cat" we have three sound pic-
tures or signs because we have three sounds in the
word.

cat

In this word, as in most others, each soundsign is a
single letter. But the number of letters does not by
any means determine the number of soundsigns in a
word, for in very many words several letters are used
to form one soundsign. Thus, in the word "though"
there are six letters, yet there are only two sound-
signs

th ough

because there are only two sounds in the word, and we
have soundsigns only for the actual sounds. The two
letters "th," in this case, form one soundsign, and the
four letters "ough" form another soundsign.

20 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

Keep in mind, then, that in ordinary longhand or
print the various sounds of language are represented
by soundsigns.

And the same is equally true of this Shorthand.

In longhand and print, however, the same sound is
not always represented by the same sign. Thus, in the
word "beau" we have two soundsigns

b eau

In this ease the "eau" is a soundsign for exactly the
same sound as that represented by "ough" in the word
"though."

In the word "door" there are three soundsigns

d oo r

In this ease the soundsign "oo" is used to represent ex-
actly the same sound as was represented by "ough"
in "though" and "eau" in "beau."

In the word "oar" there are two soundsigns

oa r

The first of these two signs represents exactly the same
sound as is represented by the soundsigns "ough" in
"though," "eau" in "beau" and "oo" in door."

This shorthand is simpler than longhand in that it
uses the same soundsigns always for the same sounds.
as will be seen in the following examples :

(You will readily see that each of the words is pre-

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND, 21

cisely the same in the three forms except that the
soundsigns are of different shapes in the various forms.)

o de * ode
th ough = though ^

<s (/ O

"f = O b ow r a bowl

b eau = beau JL,~*. /

p A *> vu>- A, =

fr JbGUUS sss sfatOUUU I -^ I

* d f oe = ^foe

d oo r = door S

s . , /r

>&j iyry As = x5L^o^/ ~\

** o s - sff pole pole

oa r ^ oar

(Only the actual sounds are represented in Short-
hand.)

In the following exercise the words are separated
into their soundsigns. Study these carefully, pronounc-
ing them until you readily recognize each letter, or
group of letters, as it stands by itself, as a sign for
one sound:

22 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

1 oa n p ie ce b ea eh v a 11 ey

h aii 1 ch ew r ou t c augh t

S au 1 ch oo se y o ke f ough t

c u te f ee d v a le f ie n d

s ui t a che wh at ph y s i c

cz ar kn o t rinds ough t

s ea t gn a t f i n d wr ough t

s ie ge 1 ieu sh ou Id wr e ck

f ew b uoy w eigh t m o s que

f eu d j oi n la tch phth i s i s

wh y gh o s t p a teh d i a 1 o gue

w a de s t u ff sh a pe g o ph er

w a Ik th ey ph a se r e p r ie ve

r ea ch b ui 1 d t ou gh w eigh t ed

Copy the following list of words, separating them
into their soundsigns, as we did with the preceding
list, and submit for correction and suggestions:

cheat liege life chip

wide talk wrap called

fill wise cap sneeze

neat knead due army

wheat prey yoke cute

Amy cat caught wrinkle

cut kit feel rough

peach bead real phantom

tack back pew phthisic

chill ties cape pneumonia

knee gnu what cough

which tray yes gnash

Kate cot cost knack

kite fell file gnaw

Like what one soundsign is the sound of "gh" in
"rough"? "ph" in "Ralph"? "phth" in "phthisic"?
"gn" in "gnaw"? "pn" in "pneumatic"? "gh" in
"ghost"? "ough" in "dough"? "ough" in "fought"?

Do no writing of shorthand till you take up the next
lesson.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

LESSON I.

From the Introductory Lesson you have learned that
there is a soundsign for each sound. You have also
learned that, unlike longhand and print, Shorthand
uses the same soundsigns for the same sounds, regard-
less of the ordinary spelling of words no matter how
many letters may be used for a sound in the longhand
or printed forms of words.

You have also seen some Shorthand words and have
seen how the Shorthand soundsigns are written to-
gether, joined in the easiest way, to form words.

To keep the outlines near the base line, it is neces-
sary to write some of the strokes up and some down,
just as we do in longhand.

Eight of the soundsigns are always written upward,
and these are the only signs that are ever written
upward.

If you will first get these up-strokes thoroughly in
mind, you will find it easier to memorize the others.

The up-strokes are shown here, numbered for refer-
ence and placed in dotted squares just to show more
plainly the relative sizes of the signs.

12 34 S6T8

Take a good look at these signs, noting them in the
order here given, as indicated by the figures above the
signs.

24 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

(The dotted lines are used merely to show the rel-
ative sizes, slant, heights, widths, etc. For convenience
we speak of heights and widths in "spaces." Thus,
the first of these signs is two spaces high and three
spaces wide.)

Now, referring to the above diagram, study the signs,
as you answer the following questions about them:

How many curved up-strokes?

How many straight strokes written up?

How do the signs numbered 1 and 2 differ? In what
respect are they alike?

How do 3 and 4 differ? In what respect are they
alike ?

What is the difference between 5 and 6? Between 7
and 5 in height, in width?

In what direction is 8 written?

How many different heights of strokes?

How much higher are 1, 3, 5, than the others?

How much wider is 7 than 6? than 4? than 2?

What is the difference between 1 and 3? between
2 and 4? between 6 and 4?

Cover up the diagram and answer the foregoing
questions as far as possible from memory.

Finally, depending entirely upon memory, drill on
these until you have formed a very vivid picture of
every one of the strokes, in the order in which they
are shown above, noting the heights arid widths in
"spaces.*'

Now let us learn what sounds these signs represent.

Let the foregoing rest for a moment while we take
a good look at this jingle (which is merely a memory
help, like the familiar jingle "Thirty days Lath Sep-
tember, April, June, and November," etc.) :

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 25

C ome, N an,

t ake R ay th e d ime

Now cover up the jingle and repeat it from memory ;
; again ; again.

Now say it backwards; again; again; again;
again; again and again.

Get this in mind so that you can repeat it readily,
either forwards or backwards.

Did you notice what letters were underscored in each
word? If not, take another good look at the jingle.

Now cover up the jingle and tell me what letters are
underscored in the word "come;" in the word "Nan;"
in the word "take;" in the word "Ray;" in the word
"the;" in the word "dime" think twice before an-
swering.

How many different letters or groups of letters are
underscored in the whole jingle? (Eight just as many
as there are shorthand up-strokes.)

Now, each of these underscored letters or groups of
letters forms a key to the Shorthand signs in the group
of up-strokes.

The first sound in the word "come" is the sound rep-
resented by the Shorthand sign numbered 1. (This is
tho same sound as that represented by "R" in kite.)

The second group of letters ("ome," that is "um")
is the same as the second Shorthand sign; etc., etc.

Now cover both the jingles and the Shorthand) signs
and answer the following questions:

Signs 1 and 2 make what word? 3 and 4? 5 and 4?
(t-an) 6 and 4? (r-an) 7 and 4? 7 and 2? 1 and 4? 6 and
2? 6 and 8? 5 and 8? 3 and 2? 4 and 2? 5, 4 and 1?
6, 4 and 1? 4 and 5? 1, 6 and 8? 7, 4 and 1? 1, 6, 4
and 1?

26 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

WRITING.

Before writing any, trace the signs on page 2 with
a dry pen or pointed stick; trace the eight signs, one
after the other, going over the list in this way at least
one hundred times, 'being sure to trace each sign up-
ward and think of its sound each time you trace the
sign.

In learning to write Shorthand, use the specially
ruled paper, on which, you will note, the spaces are
marked by the ruled lines, as they are by the dotted
lines in the printed diagram of the alphabet. This
ruled paper is used only in learning; Dougherty's
Shorthand is as easily written on unruled paper as is
longhand.

Write the first sign a few times ; (think of its sound
every time you write it.)

Start this sign with a straight-upward stroke; that
will make it easier to write it with a good curve.
Stop now and compare with the copy.

Is each one the right shape?

Is it the right height? The right width? (How
many spaces?) Is the curve deep and uniform?

If not, try to improve it.

Write again ten times.

Are they all exactly the same size and shape the
same height ? The same width ?

Avoid the tendency to draw rather than to write.

Write twenty of this same sign, as fast as you can
write but not carelessly; make them all as nearly the
right shape and uniform size as you can rapidly.

Do not make
them like these:

But like these :

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 27

But keep in mind that the important thing is to learn
to write Shorthand; anyone, by taking his time to it,
can draw the signs and get them of good shape.

Spend much time in practicing on this one sign it
will help you in writing every other sign.

Take the next sign just half as high.

Think of the sound every time you write the sign.

Practice on it exactly as you did with the first sign,
watching very carefully to see that you get the strokes
all of uniform size and of proper shape.

Keep in mind that the value of these signs depends
upon their relative size just as in longhand the same
sign may be either "e" or "1," according to its size
in proportion to the other letters.

Now write rapidly, but as accurately as possible, the
two signs together, thus :

Practice on these until you can write 100 a minute.
and make them all of good shape and uniform size.

In all of your practicing on the soundsigns, think of
the sound as you write the sign, so that you will thor-
oughly associate the sounds with the signs; do not
make the practicing merely a mechanical act; such
practice might give you the ability to write the signs,
but that is only half of the result desired, for it is even
more important that you learn to make the signs so
they will represent to the eye the proper sounds with-
out the least hesitation.

Take the third sign alone, in the same way as you
did the first.

Take the fourth sign alone, in the same way you did
the first.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

Now take the third and fourth together, in the same
way that you did with the first and second, thus :

Take the first four signs together, thus :

This is a little harder than one at a time; but prac-
tice on it till it becomes easy.

Watch the relative heights and widths ; you are form-
ing 1 habits get the right habits in the very start.
Practice on the first straight line as you did the others.

Then on the second straight line.

Then on the third straight line; (be sure you get
this the right height and width).

Then the fourth straight line; (be sure to write it
upward).

Then the four straight lines together, thus:

Then the eight up-strokes; (be sure to write every
one upward every time) thus :

Here are a few words as they are ordinarily written,
Think of the sound every time you write a sign.
In words, the soundsigns are written -one after the

other, as the corresponding sounds are pronounced in

speaking the words, and are joined in the easiest way.

and the same words broken up into their sounds to

show of what signs they are composed :

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 29

can (c an) thumb (th um)

rhyme (r ime)
numb (n um)

an k)

*king (k ing)
f~

annum (an um) *ringing (r ing ing)

In the first few lessons, do not join the signs, but
write separately as shown in the above examples. Writ-
ing them separately in this way, furnishes fine drill.
It trains one to break up words into their sounds. It
also drills one in recognizing the separate signs. Then,
too. it gives better writing practice on the separate
signs than by joining them in words from the first.

(Every sign in these words is always written up-
ward.)

Writing Exercise.

come

time

Nan

rhyme

than

can

ran

tan

numb

cant

tank

thumb

rant

rank

thank
ant
rum
annum

*king
*ring
* thing

Bringing
*tanning
*ranting
*thanking

"Indicate "ing" by writing a dot under the end of the pre-
ceding sign; or begin the next sign there; in "ing ing", the
second "ing" dot goes under the first "ing" dot.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

Reading Exercise.

In reading the shorthand words, note that each sep-
arate stroke or different curve is a distinct soundsign.
as illustrated in the foregoing examples.

A WORD ABOUT PRACTICE.

The ability to write Shorthand well means skill.

Skill is acquired only by practice "Practice makes
perfect."

To become extra skillful requires very much practice
more than some students are willing to give.

Some students acquire this skill with less effort than
others. But however apt you may be, this rule will
apply to you:

The quickest way to acquire skill is to go
slowly enough at first to LEARN THOR-
OUGHLY EACH STEP AS YOU GO.

You must learn it somewhere along the course. It
is better by far to take enough time to thoroughly learn
each principle as you take it up.

Skill in writing shorthand comes only from thor-
ough familiarity with the principles 'and repetition
Write each exercise carefully till you get every word
exactly right without any hesitation ; then write it

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 31

many times to make sure that you can think it like
lightning and can make the signs correctly as fast as
you can think them.

If you can write a certain exercise absolutely with-
out error the first time you try, and write it at the rate
of ten words a minute, it shows that you are familiar
with the principles to a certain extent. But if you
can write the same exercise at the rate of twenty-five
words a minute, you surely know those principles very
much better.

Speed in writing is nothing unless the notes are ac-
curately written ; but accurate outlines, rapidly writ-
ten, are what you are striving for. So as an indication
of what you may do, we suggest with each lesson the
number of words a minute you should be able to write
before leaving that exercise. This speed naturally in-
creases as the student advances with the course.

Develop your memory while acquiring familiarity
with the principles by following this plan: Read as
many words of the exercise as you can remember ; then
write them before looking back to the exercise. Each
time you go over the exercise try to remember more
words than you did before. In this way you will grad-
ually acquire the ability to hold in mind a large num-
ber of words, and that will eventually add very great-
ly to your skill as a stenographer.

The General Principles are introduced gradually in
the lessons, but are repeated in the back of the book,
in form for ready reference. They are in six sections,
numbered I, II, III. IV, V and VI, and the paragraphs
are numbered with arabic numerals. Throughout the
hook these paragraphs are referred to by number
Look them up as suggested, on pages 154 to Ififl.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

LESSON II.

*QUIZ. How is "ing" indicated? "inging"? When is
"line" written downward? What is the difference between
the shorthand signs for "C" as in "oat" and "K" as in
"kite"! Why is it necessary to write the exercises many
times? How will the developing of your memory add to your
shorthand speed? In what three respects is it better at first
to practice by writing words without joining the soundsigns?
What suggestion was made in the last lesson for developing
the memory in connection with your shorthand work?

Here are the only curved strokes which are written
downward :

_ _ W '<? ' J '

A^JjiAli i . fail 1 ! it

If the four signs in each group were shoved together
they would make a circle.

Every down curve is a quarter circle.

These are always written downward.

How many down curves? How many spaces high
are the first 4? The second 4? How wide?

Compare these with the up-strokes and note that the
up-strokes are wider (slant more) than similar down-
strokes just as in longhand; notice, for example, the
first two strokes of the longhand "m" or of "h".

This jingle will help you memorize the down curves :

ex tra f ine p ad - 1 ocks
will sell in Tennessee

*The quiz at the beginning of each lesson is a review, noth-
ing new. Do not go on with the lesion until you know you
understand everything referred to in the "quiz".

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 33

Take a good look at this jingle, noting the under-
scored part of each word; then cover the jingle and
depending upon your memory, answer the following
questions :

What part of the jingle goes with the first circle?
The second circle? The upper half of the large circle?
The lower half? The upper half of the small circle?
The lower half?

Now (from memory) : What sound is represented by
the first quarter of the large circle (the upper left-hand
quarter)? The second quarter? Third? Fourth? The
first quarter of the small circle? Third? Fourth?
Second ?

Now practice writing the DOWN curved strokes.
Notice the height and width of each sign, as shown by
the dotted lines.

Be sure to write these DOWNWARD.

Practice on the signs separately as you did with the
signs in Lesson I; that is, write "Ex*' a number of
times, then "F" a number of times. Then write "Ex
F" over and over, as you did "K um" in the last les-
son. Then take "P" and "L" in the same way, after
which write these four signs in a group over and over
as you wrote "K um N an," (thinking of the sound
each time you write the sign; :

Then take the four smaller signs in the same wny

N r-\ s-\ r~\ r-^ r^

Then the eight signs:

34 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

Note that

"urn" is used also for "con}"
"an" for "trans" ("tran")
"F" for "for" ("fore")
Short "i" for "im"
Short "e" for "em" and "ly"

Study these, then write them from memory many
times, writing the shorthand sign and at the same time
thinking of the new sound as well as the one you have
learned before. Thus:

/-" "um, com"

-J "an, trans"

^ "F, for"

^ "e, em, ly".

r "i, im"

Tracing Exercise.

Words in the writing exercise on the opposite page
contain all the signs we have so far presented :

(DownJ ( ^ V, J r ~\ \. j

Before beginning to write the exercise, practice trac-
ing the signs of both groups here while you are spell-
ing out the words of the exercise. (Use a dry pen or
pointed stick.) For instance, take the first word
"fan". As you pronounce the "f" trace the sign for
"f", which, of course, is in the second group and be
sure to trace it downward. As you trace the "an",
trace (upward) the sign for "an" which you will
find in the up strokes. This will help you very much,
both in learning the signs themselves and in getting
well in mind the shape and direction of writing of
each sign.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

Writing Exercise.

When you have written the following list of words
once, read it carefully five times. Then submit to the
teacher for correction, after which write each of the cor-
rected words, if there be any, at least twenty-five times.
The more thoroughly you master these signs the more
readily you will master the next lesson.

(Do not join the signs yet.)

fan

fill

text

rift

pan

filling

pump

tin

fell

thicken

pumping

thin

pill

thickening

panic

kill

Nellie v

ill

fin

ink

tip

compel

think

lit

nip)

fork

thinking

let

fix

fort

rink

letting

fixing

Tim

link

lynx

then

rim

linking

lump

tell

limb

tick

wreck

telling

them

ticking

wrecking

exit

coming

lime

pet

pink

comment

lint

petting

kink

thinly

lent

pen

linen

thickly

pent

pennant

extent

comfort

tent

kin

till

comforting

tenting

ken

pick

company

rent

net

picking

impel

tint

knit

peck

empty

thump

knitting

kept

forthcoming

Nell

rip

left

impelling

thumping

lip

lift

emptying

theft

thick

lifting

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

fan (f an)

~v/ ^ -s

thin (th in)
lent (1 en t)

^/'.<

lynx (1 in x)

X "'

'linen (1 in en)

^ '**' r

emptying (em t i ing)

xXf -N x^V

comfort (com for* t)

fort (for t)

~V ^

thinly (th in ly)

limb (1 im)

^ J '
kingly (king ly)

forthcoming (for th com ing)

W JS <^ ^ ^

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

LESSON III.

QUIZ. What is the difference between the signs for "N"
and "en"? Where is "en" used? When may quarter-circle
signs be written upward? What five soundsigns are used also
for certain other sounds? What are the sounds? Name five
or more words in which the combination "for" occurs; the
same of "com"; "trans"; "em"; "im"; "ly". Name a
word or two in which the first syllable is "tran", instead of
"trans", in which "an" would be used for "tran". How
may "ing" in the middle of a word, as in Washington, be
indicated? What is the difference in shape of the signs for

short

and

and short "e"? "hr
in mind.)

Short
and

"e 1
en'

and "en"? Short "i"
'? (Get them, thoroughly

There are seven straight lines written downward:

How wide is each sign? How high? Fix the signs
in mind thoroughly before studying the jingle.

Here is the jingle:

G rand - H other b rings

BBS Bi

I da up ea ch

u m* mm

V acation

Memorize this jingle as you did the others, then as-
sociate the underscored letters in the jingle with the
signs shown aoove. Depend upon Memory.

After studying the signs in this way till you know
them well, practice writing them singly, then in groups,
as you did with the last two groups.

"Watch carefully the height, width, etc., of each sign.
Accuracy is of the greatest importance.

448598

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

Remembering the combination soundsigns "com",
"trans", "for", "im", "em", and "ly", (as shown
in Lesson II) and noting that .

Short "u" is used also for "un",

write the following words, (without joining the signs).
Writing Exercise.

After writing these words, go over them carefully sign
by sign, noting the size and shape of each. If you
find you have made a mistake, put a circle around it.
Read your work carefully five times or more, and sub-
mit for correction. Make sure you have everything in
correct form, and thoroughly understand the principles
involved. Then write each corrected word at least 25
times. You should not take up anything else until you
can write these words correctly and easily. Do the
same with every lesson.

run

thy

gun

tug

nun

rye

pug

rug

runt

bite

night

Peg

fun

biting

nightly

veal

funny

tight

met

vile

pun

tightly

peat

buff

punk

tighten

pet

muff

ton

right

pit

tough

buy

rightly

pity

toughen

buying

might

lye

mit

bun

light

ripe

transmit

bunk

lighten

ripen

pike

bunting

lighting

bit

peal

pie

lightning

beet

real

fie '

meet

bet

reap

lie

meeting

big

pile

vie

give

beg

feat

vying

given

bug

fill

tie

giving

begging

file

life

cup

rough

roughen

write

written

reef

leak

peak

neat

get

gift

tuck

piling

mug

ban

man

manly

bank

banking

DOUGHERTY'S

fife

thigh

lug

mink

leave

live

lief

meat

kite

peek

mix

feet

fix

fit

fitly

peel

rub

bent

knife

vent

-ey

finely

vex

item

leg

evenly

league

combining

leaf

forgetting

wreath

transmitting

fight

cunningly

nut

common

luck

uncommonly

lucky

imbibe

luckily

competing

writhe

**yet

combine

yell

complete

**yelling

compete

**young

compile

yelp

form

**yelping

vim

**yank

embank

**Yankee

fine

**yanking

Beading Exercise.

L ~>| /-

Study paragraphs 8 to 13 of the General Principles.
**Soo paragraph 6 of the General Principles.

40 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

Wordsigns.

The soundsigns are used arbitrarily for certain com-
plete words, and when so used are called "wordsigns".

Wordsigns are used only for these words, or words
derived from them. A combination soundsign is used
for that combination of sounds wherever it occurs.
Thus " "^ " as a soundsign for "for" is used for
"for" wherever it is found, as in "form", but the
same sign as a wordsign for "far" is not used for
"far" in "farm".

The complete list of wordsigns is given in division
VI of the General Principles. Refer to that list for the
following wordsigns, which are used in this lesson:

look to my

like go me

know

must

Reading Exercises.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 41

42 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

X '-

\ j

' ^

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 43

LESSON IV.

QUIZ. Wtaat is the difference in the shape of long "e"
and long "i"? What is used for "un", and where is it so
used? How is "y" represented at the beginning of a syllable,
as in "yet"? Why? How at the end of a syllable as in
"my" or "Amy"? What is the difference between the sound
of "ea" in "each" and that of "e" in "me"? What is
the difference between the sound of "o" in "oven" or
"other" and that of "u" in "utter"? How is each repre-
sented? What is the difference between "on" in "ton" or
"onion" and "un" in "run" or "under"? What is the
sound of "ean" in "meant"? How may "ing" in "cun-
ningly" be indicated? How would you know whether /I-
is "right" or "write"? (How would you know it from hear-
ing the word spoken?) How would you know the word "bow"
in ordinary print? Why would not the sign v_ be used in
the word "combine"? What is the difference between a
soundsign and a wordsign? Write a list (from memory) of
the wordsigns given so far. Drill, drill, drill on these word-
signs.

The horizontal strokes:

Notice the width, etc., of these signs, so as to get a
good .picture of them in mind before learning what
each sign stands for.

Then study the jingle:

D o j ust wh at we ch oose

Note the underscored letters as before, and depend-
ing entirely upon memory, associate them with the
signs.

Note that "WH" is simply the combination of W

and H.

The dot is H. It is written in the same way a long-

44 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

hand dot is made, by simply touching the pencil to the
paper. It is written beside and close to the beginning
of the next sign: v -, -^ {/ 1>

The sound of "W" is the same as long "oo". For
short "oo" make the sign smaller (-).

D and J may vary in depth, according to convenience
of joining in different words.

Do not make an angle at the bottom of the "CH",
but round it off, making the two sides parallel and
close together: </ not ^

After studying the signs by means of the jingle,
practice writing them singly and in groups as in pre-
vious lessons.

Then write the following words (without joining the
signs), just as you did with each of the groups so far.

Writing Exercise.

After writing the following words, read your work
carefully five times or more, as instructed in Lesson
ITT. Then if there be any errors, write each corrected
word at least 25 times.

die

bud

dig

win

dying

reed

ridge

cheek

died

ride

digging

rich

lied

weed

ledge

jumping

lid

egg

bug

tide

deed

edge

budge

chick

dead

week

judging

chicken

did

riding ,. ,

weekly

check

red

Jug T

jump

pitch

bed

judge

read

pitching

wing

ford J

chum

cheating

rid

dug J

chump

kitchen

cud

forge \l

cheat

pied

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

Dan

wretch

dumb

**quit

din

wretched

dumping

quick

chin

teaching

dim

quill

wind

dip

Jim

quilt

chip

liege

whim

quiet

wink

fudge

weakling

Quin

chink

chew

richly

queen

winking

dump

widely

quell

why

cheap

wretchedly

tranquil

white

chief

cheaply

type

whiting

lynch

chiefly

even

whiten

peach

hoop

oven

wheat

loop

done

love

when

loom

undone

cunning

who

whip

one

running

whine

room

dunning

beat

winding

tomb

London

beating

kingdom

chewing

lunch

reek

wide

lynching

luncheon

keel

lend

moon

punch

foremen

tend

move

junk

puff

rend

hide

untie

knee

bend

heat

won

writhing

lead

hut

bunch

meant

chill

heed

dimly

rig

reach

hen

impeach

beak

teach

hint

cheeky

pig

leach

high

punching

pick

bench

hum

*muddy

transform

wrench

height

*weedy

forget

Dutch

hump

*ready

foreman

touch

hand

*needy

reading

chide

hub

*tidy

ditch

much

humming

woody

judged

wedge

ruddy

'Often it is easier and just as legible to use the long "e"
sign for short "i".
**See paragraph 5 of the General Principles.

46 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

Reading Exercises.

-7

^S"*-*

Wordsigns.
(Refer to the General Principles.)

do
jjood

no
P

? /

every
a 7iv

by
there

we
with

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 47

/\*

2 . - \

_ \ *iXl^- X 1

48 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

^ -' ^ ^

/ /^^

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. V 49

LESSON V.

QUIZ. What is H? Where is it written in a word? What
for short "oo" as in "took"? What is the difference be-
tween "w" and "wh"? What sign is used for long "oo"
as in "ooze"? What is the sound of "qu"? How repre-
sented? Why is not "t" written in "kitchen", "pitcher",
etc.? How do we indicate "ing" in "kingdom"? How
may "thing" be indicated? Write a list of all the wordsigns
you have learned so far.

First study paragraph 15 of the General Principles.

Any soundsign but a dot may be shaded.

Carefully avoid the habit of losing time by going
over the stroke more than once to make it heavier,
shade it as you go.

Writing Exercise.

Write the following exercises without joining the
signs, but shading each sign just preceding the "er".

(In a few of the following words, the sounds that
are to be combined with "er" by shading are in black
faced type.)

After writing these words, read your work carefully
five times or more, as instructed in Lesson III. Then
if there be any errors, write each corrected word at
least 25 times.

burr

pearl

error

queer

myrrh

curt

verb

(kweer)

fur

girl

verge

quire

cur

fern

brink

inquiry

Bert

furl

prank

query

bird

firm

infer

verging

burn

dirt

incur

inferring

curb

err

injure

jerk

curl

murmur

creak

chirp

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

former

hear

thinner

empire

formerly

tire

utter

drily

further

turning

other

under

forgery

grinning

grew

wonder

girt

exerting

group

*forerank

germ

perjury

perch

*forerunner

jerliing

mire

birch

timber

Turk

mere

brick

limber

turn

fire

preach

trimming

here

fear

expire

wondering

turf

rumor

tinner

cheering

work

Frank

treating

**urn

worm

dear

drinking

**earn

worth

yearn

perching

** early

purge

brand

umpire

* ^earning

tree

French

banner

** earth

true

brook

moor

** earned

drum

crank

pepper

*her

grin

treat

Franklin

**hurt

murder

try

anger

** heard

injuring

dread

transfer

**herb

anchor

drink

transpire

urge

from

drank

brim

urged

crook

cheer

grim

urgent

exert

were

trim

urban

tremor

wire

mirror

hurl

churn

we 're

prim

hurling

chureh

Weird

primer

urging

either

finger

imprint

earl

higher

bridge .

ember

urgently

eater

greed

temper

hurled

wider

learn

emery

truly

crib

emigrant

*In words like these, "B" is not in the same syllable with
the preceding sign, so would not be indicated by shading.

**In words like these, shade the vowel preceding the "B",
using the short "u" sign for the vowel.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.
Reading- Exercises.

Wordsigns.

fer to the wordsign list for:
quite very if their

would i n any

among

^ ,
DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

- r "

v. -v x

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

LESSON VI.

QUIZ. When can "er" be indicated by shading? What
sign is shaded? Is any extra stroke required to shade a sign?
What sign is shaded in "earn"? "yearn"? In "Earl"?
In "lawyer"? In "pritaer'*? In "inner"? In "cashier"?
Why is not "eh" shaded in "anchor"? Why is not s
used as the first sign in "urge''? What is the first sound,
anything before the "r"? What soundsign is never shaded?
Write from memory a list of the wordsigns so far presented.

There are six circles, counting the dot, which, when
joined, is written with a circular motion exactly the
same as the other circles, but so small as to close it
into a dot. , w

(These are the vowel sounds of "Kate", "cat",
"cot", "caught", "coat", "cute".)

CAREFULLY NOTE THE RELATIVE SIZES.

Memorize these by reading them BY THEIR
SOUNDS, over and over.

Reading Exercises.

Wordsigns.

at has of known be-en

as have all most gone

The sound-combination "ane", as in "cane", "vain
etc., is represented by the short "a" sign.

54 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

\ .

^>0 -

* /"

v ./.

_ \

' ^

x -

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

. -7 x V

x "to" ^ "be"
* x _^- \ -

\ , s

<J V. - - J> 'O ^- X n/

-f

\ .

")s \

56 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

? . /& .

, o

\ I O^s x \ O^- </

>->-.^

V* ^-s*^? ^

xo? _-/

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.
x s-^ <? ^

X ^ '

o .

_D x-> a

.\/x.

O . . y d .

<a. x

L . x^

J x ^ <

l/~0

/ x ^ -

68 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

Practice a great deal on the six circles, one after the
other, thus :

. o O O <7 . O & O . o O O O rf*

This practice will give you better training as to pro-
portionate sizes than you will get by practice on the
signs one at a time.

Be sure to think of the sound as you write each circle.

In writing the dot, when standing alone, be sure to
do just as in dotting a longhand "i" by merely touch-
ing the pencil to the paper. Be careful to make a, o,
aw, and o round do not flatten them.

Writing Exercise.

After writing the following words, read your work
carefully five times or more, as instructed in Lesson
III. If there be any errors, write each corrected word
at least 25 times.

(Do not join the signs yet.)

due yard pure

during yarn Poe

boy hod pour

joy hard poured

Roy hoed yea

folly hoard yale

jolly hack mad

mute bow madly

Amy bower pa

army cow par

dot cower part

dart bath party

yellow bother jar

yacht pew hold

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

mode

roared

York

bard

barn

wrong

wake

farm

pock

paith

bake

char

bark

catch

add

chart

code

comb

adding

charter

dock

mowed

wading

hail

dark

hath

now

hare

darken

hair

vow

pound

Paul

hop

wad

(p-o-un-d)

fail

harp

ward

compound

holding

both

award

bound

wrought

wrath

occur

round

oak

rather

allow

mound

yawning

jockey

beau

ground

failing

rock

bough

found

hawk

feud

hark

founder

hat

ate

hearth

roundly

ought

aid

ardor

noun

art

hot

abode

gown

Arthur

heart

aboard

down

faith

hearty

wail

town

gave

hale

hardly

brown

lad

arm

chaff

frown

bought

harm

fuel

frowning

fought

tower

horn

cane

taught

whole

lock

Dane

tot

Hugh

lark

vain

rod

huge

organ

vainly

lawyer

made

organic

chain

hog

toad

order

pain

toe

toward

combat

lane

translate

wait

comrade

embody

wade

roar

half

gourd

waiting

tart

Jack

Jane

image

attain

new

main

imagine

crane

drain

maintain

newer

road

goad

formulate

feign

wane

foretop

park

body

yoke

gravely

fiO

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

chaining

emphatic

*narrow

darn

change

forethought

*tyro

pal

brain

emigrate

*Cairo

apparel

rain

embark

*Koran

apparent

range

empower

*Nora

gnaw

train

obtain

"forum

nor

gain

*arrange

*quorum

north

grain

attaining

George

*Cora

mainly

gaining

wan

*Dora

waning

quart

warn

*quarry

badly

quack

warm

*quarrel

daily

quaint

Don

The "B" is not in the same syllable with the preceding
sign, and so is written, not indicated by shading.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 61

LESSON VII.

QUIZ. How is "ane" as in "lane" represented? "ain"
as in "pain"? What is the sign for "aw" in "awful"?
"a" in "all"? How is a dot written alone? How joined!
When is a dot shaded? What is long "u" when shaded?
Long "o"? Short "o"? "aw"? Why can not -^ be
used for "ar" as in "barn"? What is "ar"? What is
shaded to make "ar"? How big is it? Why is not "B"
shaded for "bar" in "embark"? What is the difference in
sound between "oun" in "found" and "own" in "down"?
Write from memory all the wordsigns so far given. What is
the wordsign for "of"? Is "off" a wordsign? What is
phrasing? What phrases have you had so far? Tell what
you have learned about phrasing from paragraph (t), page
15 and paragraph 25, of the General Principles.

Half Circles. S S S Sh

"S" is a small half circle, always joined in the eas-
iest way, which generally gives it the form of a hook,
and as such it assumes different forms in different com-
binations thus :

"Sh" also is a small half circle, but it is always
written with a DOWNWARD and LEFTWARD mo-
tion:

_, ^ ^ ^ ^ \ J J / ^/> ^

Study paragraph 7 of the General Principles.

For convenience we shall refer to the different forms
of "S" in the order shown above, as "first S",( r\ ),
"second S" ( u ), and "third S", ( C ).

Third "S" is used for the sound-combination "so".

R2 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

1 '&- 'V-s

was

is
sure

Wordsigns.

should far

else

just long

length
noney
! ;\m

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 63
w , , _X> w I > i /"/ ? i ^ j

e, x

/ ?

64 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

o a--"

o Q--' /^ -

1 ^^ <J ^ / ^>

X ._

.. ? \

x ^

L o ^ o ^r ? /

\x ^ 1

x / \ '

\ / I/I

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

r x

x _

Ofi

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

Writing Exercise.

Except for "so", use the first S in the following ex
ercises.

After writing the following words, read your work
carefully five times or more, as instructed in Lesson
III. Then if there be any errors, write each corrected
word at least 25 times.

(Do not join the signs yet.)

see

seizing

swing

case

seer

tease

swinging

cats

seem

hides

sneers

digs

seen

heeds

oats

seeds

seek

prize

verges

fees

sees

sprig

Hughes

notes

sigh

ease

sack

hustle

sire

verbs

mice

dates

size

hods

cheers

sale

side

hacks

chess

days

cider

hose

eaters

verse

sin

house

nice

sun

shin

hogs

niece

sunk

sing

shy

nicely

sunder

singing

sad

shun

sunburn

sinking

sadly

wish

Sunday

seeking

she

rugs

sober

seize

cheese

seed

soberly

sling

shoe

cedars

sewed

heeds

such

sod

soak

ship

sight

sawed

soap

sheep

unsightly

cypher

soar

sheet

insight

rise

sole

sink

mush

terse

sold

sheaf

piece

wishing

soldier

lies

seats

pugs

solo

ties

sheik

safe

soda

tries

pies

tersely

slain

rush

spire

sap

Spain

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

so-so

soapy

solar

sound

sweetly

slowly

force

sewing

soaking

skimminj

spring

shove

coats

trice

grease

cries

fish

*fichu

*tissue

shape

rose

quires

dish

homes

squirm

squirrel

crease

increase

knees

wires

compass

fates

sham

shrew

seat

sharp

sulphur

deceit

compose

cots

perverse

compress

hoes

churns

compassion

lease

purse

commerce

shale

gears

transpose

iurns

push

transposal

purges

bush

impose

dries

sup

transgress

ears

express

transgression

sign

curse

transmission

design

waits

transaction

cheats

wakes

foresee

shriek

spurs

foreseen

surge

squawk

foresight

serf

squash

skim

vice

squeal

slim

shade

squeeze

whimsy

side

sort

embrace

beside

endorse

empress

inside

horse

emprise

decide

harsh

silently

jeers

parse

composing

cities

Morse

comprising

yes

sauce

sundering

yells

saucer

sane

spear

farce

insane

squire

south

insanely

boats

song

*Long "oo" rather than long "u 1

68 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

LESSON VIII.

QUIZ. What two things are always true of "sh"? How
are "z" and "zh" written? (See paragraph 7.) When is
"sh" written upward? What is the soundsign for "so"? For
what words are half circles used as wordsigns? In words like
"singer", "wringer", etc., how is the "ing" indicated?
Which form of "s" is similar in shape to "D"? "J"?
Write from memory all the wordsigns so far presented.

Study paragraphs 16 and 17.

No sign may be enlarged which would, if enlarged,
be exactly like another soundsign. Thus, long "e" en-
larged would be like "B" and so may not be length-
ened; "Ch" and long "u" may be lengthened, because
when enlarged they are not like any other soundsigns.

The "T" length of a down stroke rests on the base
line, but begins one space higher than the normal
length, in order to give it the added size.

The "L" length of a down stroke begins at the same
height as the "T" length, but runs down through the
line in order to give it the increased length. This makes
one space difference between each two sizes.

Up-strokes, all sizes, begin on the base line.

There should be more difference in the sizes of the
horizontal strokes than is necessary with up and down
strokes, as there is a greater tendency to unduly length-
en them in rapid writing. It is, however, necessary
to make only enough difference in the various sizes to
enable them to be readily distinguished.

Before commencing to practice on these exercises.
study the different sizes of the various signs, as illus-
trated in the following examples.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

j .-L _ i -l.'-'-l i j. 1 .'5Zi&v-:.'..-i?(^ii ( i ' >--< j iT< j j ___' .<.<_> >j. i

j .j-L _ i -l.'-'-l i j. 1 .'^5Zi c &v-:.'.\.-^is?3/(^ii ( i ' >-)-< j i/T< j j ___' .<.<_> >j. i
j. .1 1 1 .Vi St-'-li i i -TXiK'- >-\<-'-'./?7:'.>/..i-Li j -f-'-V^ -'-LM-'-j. '-O^t&fy^ ...
1 1 rL'-^S^jSJ\J.J : i -'_\-'-V'_'A- i X_'<j_ i ./j. iiii^L^^i-i^-^^cu^Qi-r^rr-'.'-'-i

L^^^p^^s^^

Reading Exercise.

-9

k G__O

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

fv c CX C C C C C

&$S>^

Wordsigns.

short

not it great

knowledge it would glad

close it will general to the

^/^j*<> \ }

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

<TJ

^ ~

f I

/ \ v-^V /
^-*^

s /J)

S\^~^ W */ O J^S X <^i

^^ro.y.

'^ f // s^

^ l\ /-i __ Q. x

_?<7\>^

^ ? /^

\ Q^ x <<^ x'V s -" ^-^

A ^ o O \

1 X s L I X ST*

v_^ ^^ * 6 ,j ' ~^~ OyX ^ o ;

72 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

O"~ Q-3 X <5? 1

~o\

X
'v->! / v o

'9-^^
/I

X '^

2 /^"^^

_ Q

a--

. 3 >x u

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

Writing Exercise.

After writing the following words, read your work
carefully five times or more, as instructed in Lesson
III. Then if there be any errors, write each corrected
word at least 25 times. (Do not join the signs.)

blew

blow

blink

blank

blot

blown

bloom

table

Bible

Mabel

rumble

fumble

blur

blurred

blurt

stable

stumble

crumble

gobble

tumble

blade

flew

flat

flake

rifle

baffle

raffle

trifle

flinch

ply

class

midst

plight

clean

total

plot

clod

local

play

clinch

battle

fiurry

tingling

bottle

plead

glancing

fatal

rifling

clock

cattle

pleading

clog

Myrtle

apple

cloak

fertile

plan

clothe

eternal

plum

clap

external

plum cake

clerk

extra

plump

clime

rnle

maple

client

tool

rumple

clove

fool

plank

clover

towel

glow

clear

owl

gloom

clearness

cruel

glaze

clinching

idle

gloss

clothing

needles

eagle

cleaning

*need<less

glowing

circle

stake

glee

sprinkle

strap

tingle

crinkle

streak

bangle

clash

stop

mangle

rattle

candle

glum

staple

kindle

bugle

stride

swindle

glance

steam

brindle

clay

state

model

*The "L" is not in the same syllable with the
so the "D" is not enlarged, as it is in "needles".

"D". and

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND,

coddle

winked

fast

dust

formally

delay

yanked

past

nest

cute

saddle

linked

blast

coast

acute

satchel

banked

post

world

actual

marshal

worked

list

furled

actually

journal

raft

boots

turned

uncomfort

fact

shaft

rout

clearly

able

waked

marched

out

temple

star

stifle

boot

trout

simplify

start

stove

root

stout

brimful

store

boast

toot

spoilt

formal

storm

stone

tutor

helped

symbolize

shout

rivals

shoot

stew

shift

stars

stale

east

stay

sift

study

lapsed

suit

stool

facts

sturdy

Review Drill on Wordsigns.

Practice reading the following until you can read the
entire exercise easily and correctly in a minute. In
the first three lines the list is given as in Section VI
of the General Principles, a sign for each word. After
that, read for each sign all the words for that sign.
Thus, for "K" read "look, quite, like"; etc.

X i ^ v^y

\ 3 / 6 O -^ __ ^ I > I
'

\ / . ^ / >

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 75

LESSON IX.

QUIZ. How and when may "T" and "L" be indicated in-
stead of written? Which is larger the "L" length or the
"T" length? May short "e" be enlarged? Why not!
"CH"? Why? First "8"? Second "S"f Why not?
Third "8"? Why? How much difference should there be in
the various sizes? Write from memory all the wordsigns so
far given.

pro (por) con (coun) col (qnal) cor (c8r)
/ \ - I

Study these signs intently, to get the forms thor-
oughly in mind.

These four combination soundsigns are like the dot
of the longhand "i" and the cross on the longhand
"t" in that they are never written on the base line.

They are joined when convenient. providing the
outline is legible.

They may be shaded and lengthened, the same as
other signs.

Reading Exercises.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

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o^>i

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DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

Writing Exercise.

After writing the following words, read your work
carefully five times or more, as instructed in Lesson
III. Then, if there be any errors, write each corrected
word at least 25 times. (Be sure to keep the four new
signs above the base line.)

(Do not join the signs yet.)

proceed

concrete

collect

concede

prosper

collects

profess

prostrate

correct

confess

consider

conjure

profuse

conspire

confident

confuse

conference

portrait

produce

confide

condemn

conduce

convene

proposal

protract

provide

prorats

contract

prophesy

cartoon

profound

condense

accord

confound

proceeding

corrects

progress

progressing

collide

congress

condensing

considering

proffer

portray

conspiring

confer

promote

accounting

province

pronoun

encountering

convince

pronounce

collecting

prove

prohibit

collision

proof

portion

collapse

prudent

*count

collate

prudence

account

car

prudently

counter

card

counsel

encounter

course

consent

column

cork

proverb

colony

corn

process

collar

cornet

equally

scholar

Carl

As the "

t" is in the same syllable

with "coun," lengthen

"coun" to

add "t".

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

carp

carbon

fr *iraprove

carpenter

prophecy

**improper

port

accountant

improperly

report

colonnade

impropriety

porter

propound

* important

reporter

context

improvision

transport

concave

**imprudent

transports

convex

**inconcrete

connect

converse

***inconstant

protect

propel

inconsistent

propose

collapsible

inconvertible

contrite

cardinal

inconsiderate

contradict

Cornell

inconvenient

controversy

**improvise

progressiveness

corroborate

im provided

**"Im" in the "pro" position (above the line) will sug-
gest "impro" ("impor").

***"Tn" in the "con" position will suggest "incon".

80 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

LESSON X.

QUIZ. What font signs are always written above the line!
When are these joined? Would "cor" be joined to "B"f
"Pro" to "G"? Why not? May these signs be shaded to
add "er" or lengthened to add "t"? How may "impro"
be represented with one sign? "Incon"? Is "pro" in
"prove" written the same as "pro" in "proceed"? Is
"por" lengthened in "port"? Why?

JOINING THE SIGNS.

You have had a great deal of drill np to this point
on all the shorthand signs themselves, and in fact on
practically all of the shorthand principles. You have
also had much drill in breaking up words into their
sounds, and you should by this time be able to readily
associate the signs with their sounds.

Now, we will take up the joining of the signs in
words. This will be easy, as you know how to write
the signs separately.

In the older shorthand methods the same outline
represents different things if written in different posi-
tions, above, on or below the base line. But Dough-
erty's Shorthand is exactly like longhand in the fact
that the outlines mean exactly the same, wherever they
are written. In other words, in the Dougherty system
the meaning of any outline depends entirely upon its
shape not at all upon its position.

As in longhand, for the sake of uniformity of outline,
the first stroke of a word rests on the line. If it be a
down stroke, it ends on the base line; if an up stroke,
it begins at the base line.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 81

Thus, in the word "buy", "B" is the first stroke
and ends on the base line, and from that point the "i"
is written without lifting the pencil downwards, of
course, as the "i" is always written downwards.

In the word "tie" the "t" begins at the base line,
goes up two spaces, and, without lifting the pencil,
the "i" is written downward one space.

For the sizes of the lengthened strokes, study the
diagram in Lesson VIII.

Hooks and circles are not considered strokes and so
do not rest on the base line. Thus, in the word "spy",
the first stroke is "P", not the "S" hook. In "apt",
the first stroke is "PT", not the short "a" circle; in
"oak" it is "K", not the long "o" circle.

Writing Exercise.

After writing the entire list once, read it carefully
five times, noting every sign. When you are sure you
have every word exactly right, make at least ten cor-
rect copies of the entire list. Do not leave this exer-
cise until you can write it accurately in eight minutes
or less or at an average of twenty words a minute.

buy lee dying *boot

pie

leer

died

*loot

lie

lead

dried

* fruit

die

le-ading

deed

flute

fie

leader

loom

food

vying

leaf

loop

fool

why

life

boom

tool

heed

liven

booming

* jewel

hide

lied

broom

stool

whiten

wife

deem

dream

"Enlarge "oo" to add "T"; make it longer for "ool".

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

dreaming

bend

men

frying

pool

veer

dinner

briar

dual

gem

winner

fling

ghoul

idle

weed

empire

shoe

idling

weeding

pride

shoot

eagle

weeder

chew (oo)

moot

ply

wide

friar

brute

fly

hinder

liar

bin

flying

wider

dry

din

flew

shy

grin

fin

plea

shied

ill

gin (jin)

pleiad

sheet

edge

pleading

chief

egg

win

glue

chide

ebb

wind

glued

chin

etch

eager

mood

bird

etching

eagerly

bloom

buyer

pried

widely

blooming

fire

verb

church

gloom

mire

proverb

chirp

bluing

jeer

proper

churl

furl

peer

confer

inch

blur

deair

proffer

stride

flurry

wire

provide

strew

blurred

dire

so-berly

stifle

pen

lyre

blunder

pinch

den

were

pension

lynch

when

fear

former

chinch

pending

we 're

providing

Ben

lend

weird

lurch

bench

wend

pry

pearl

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND
Reading Exercise.

Before studying this reading exercise, study para-
graphs 12, 21 and 22 of the General Principles and
keep them in mind as you read the shorthand.

84 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

*. y

O W x. Q

/\ - y\

Q -- .

? __ >

T.-P

V ""

.^x- /;

^p \, , ^~

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

Write to Dan.
Turn the crank.
Was he there?
Call for them.
Hear him read.
Run to them.
Go to church.
Call the porter.
Ring them up.
Turn the counter.
Write the card.
Call him up.
Confer with ham.
Do not cry .
We should go.
Look upon it.
He is ill.

Prove the problem.
Console the porter.
I like pie.
We must go.
1 know him.
Go to him.
Was he glad?
We are glad.
Go with them.
Be on time.
Go any time.
We were there.
Must we go?
T believe him.

The wind blew.
Come any time.
Thank the men.
Go to dinner.
The tinner died.
Improve the cartoon.
Heat the glue.
Can he write?
Burn the weed.
Buy the shingle.
He was dreaming.
Thank tihe general.
Buy good things.
Enter the car.
I know them.
Many have gone.
Stand by them.
Look at them.
Where is he?
Look at me.
Have them go.
Many were there.
He is idle.
The fool died.
The eagle flew.
The pink bloomed.
Strive to excel.
Plead with them.
Ts he hurt?
Ride the steed.
Do not reply.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

LESSON XI.

QUIZ. How are the soundsigns joined to make words? On
what does the meaning of an outline depend? Where should
an up-stroke begin if written alone? A down-stroke? In words,
where should the first stroke rest? What part of an up-stroke
rests on the line? A down-stroke? Are hooks and circles
strokes? Do hooks and circles rest on the base line? In writ-
ing the word "apple", for instance, where would the circle be
written? Where would you write the "S" hook in the word
"splash"? Do you see any reason for writing hooks and cir-
cles in this way? In what three words do we enlarge long "i"?
What reason for doing so? How do we indicate "th", "rd",
etc., in numbers? What is used as a phrase for "Dear Sir"
at the beginning of a letter? "Yours truly" at the end of a
letter? (See paragraph 26 of the General Principles.)

perch

console

stoop

imprudent

purge

emblem

expire

stride

word

pier

stupor

shingle

wording

under

strew

stir

worm

mingle

gem

deport

firm

soap

proof

expert

firmer

social

collar

expire

girl

vim

colony

expend

gird

mention

prove

extent

girder

ferment

card

extinct

birch

ford

port

exempt

French

lunch

porter

eat

friend

jerk

sober

eater

friendly

Forward

blurred

either

germ

(for'd)

improved

utter

perjure

condemn

reproved

other

injure

collide

improperly

(uther)

ford

London

console

another

infer

problem

prudent

<?irt

infringe

sty

conferring

worth

flinch

stifle

proving

dim.-

pmher

stew

improving

diner

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

light

drum

dump

preach

lighter

ian

lint

preacher

lighting

Dan

pump

**carp

lightning

Bert

lump

**earbon

white

burn

jump

Carl

wheat

fern

jumble

carbuncle

dean

burner

mumble

***county

pine

burning

fumble

ink

line

dirt

jangle

link

lean

dirk

dangle

drink

ether

land

mangle

chink

eternal

coon

bangle

bank

Ethel

cook

went

lank

week

empire

lent

drank

weaker

Myrtle

bent

incur

weakly

van

meant

pleat

peat

wink

pent

plight

Peter

manner

sheet

column

ban

banner

peak

emperor

man

bran

leak

plan

bum

band

*each

flirt

mum

work

*leech

blurt

gum

street

peach

dumb

student

rear

*ch may be written alongside of long e, M or V, but too
deep to look like "8", thus:

**Do not try to join an ' ' above-the-line " sign when it does
not join easily or legibly. Lift the pencil and start the next
sign just beside it:

7 ; V J 7 ^ ^ V

***As "t" in "county" is not in the same syllable with
"eoun", the "coun" would not be lengthened to add "t", as
it is in count.

88 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

The eagle can fly. Do I know him? Where would
Dan go? It is very long. Look up the General. It
will not do. It will close up. Run to the corner.
Bring Dan the dime. The bird flew up. It is very
windy. Clyde is coming in. He was calling there.
Ben was going by. The king was there. He was eat-
ing pie. The pie was good. Very, very, very good.
The pen is blunt. The pin is short. Look in the pan.

Do come in time. The time is short. The cart is
empty. The light is dim. I must go in. Most men
can run. I can untie it. We go to Jewell. The Jew
is gone. Can the man wink? He need not go. Uncle
John is here. Bert untied the cord. Fern need not go.
Frank is not here. Go to my room.

Here is good candy. I need the money. Earl can
stand up. Look up her book. Shall I close it? Bert
is quite shrewd. Do eat the bun. Cling to the pennant.
I must eat dinner. Every man was just. Anyone can
write shorthand. The good man died.

Myrtle is her friend. Carl is quite rude. Do not
chew gum. I sold the drum. I need the dime. The
pen is long. The eagle is flying. Lie in the pool. Buy
me a rifle. Condemn no one unjustly. Bring me a
flute. Do I know them? Urge him to go. I heard
him calling. I can earn money. Earl was here early.
The sturdy man stooped. He has a stool. Myrtle
stumbled.

Which deed must he bring? My uncle died in Janu-
ary (Jan). John is an expert workman. Her friend
went with Fanny. I can climb the tree. Dan can eat
the crumb. The girl is quite tired. The wind is quite
cool. John is learning to read. My uncle is quite
stern. Do not cheat the chief. Bert can burn the
broom. Frank can teach the plumber. John is in the
bank. Clvde trembled on the brink.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 89

'.X7

/-\ :

-s ^ __ ?
\ s~ x - ^

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

LESSON XII.

QUIZ. How may "ch" be written alongside of "M" ao
as not to look like an "S" hook! If an " above-the-line " sign
does not join easily or legibly with another sign, how should
it be written? When would you lengthen the "coun" sign to
indicate "t"? Would "coun" be lengthened in "county"!
Why do we not join the "cor" sign to "B" or "P" as in
"carbon" or "carp"?

Writing Exercises.

churn

forthcoming

thy

churning

mansion

tea

convene

concrete

tree

plum

column

thee

plumber

stern

knee

plump

stand

tire

frank

streak

tin

prank

constant

kin

dint

standard

ten

dent

pint

ken

winter

printer

rum

intent

uncommon

thumb

Jean

rye

thump

sojourn

ride

numb

pennant

right

rumble

cheat

rife

tangle

cheek

rifle

wrangle

cheeky

Rhine

tumble

dime

tie

comply

lime

tide

tumbler

prime

tidal

reading

grime

tine

reader

learn

kite

reef

learning

key

wreath

foreman

write

thunder

uncle

tied

rider

soaked

keen

writhe

tired

need

needing

neat

neater

neither

curt

complete

kindle

rink

tinker

tension

tinder

tender

nearly

render

thief

trimmer

cool

cooler

transform

rule

ruler

ruling

Turk

turkey

turn

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

turning

room

angler

Clyde

curl

rude

needle

clinch

eurlL-g

tomb

keener

cling

term

toot

can

clump

crank

tutor

tan

tremble

keyed

cry

ran

tension

knife

creed

than

intention

kine

carpenter

Nan

tannin

rhyme

Crete

rank

tinkle

crime

try

tank

transpire

wrench

treed

tinner

temper

trench

trying

tanner

teach

"runch

trite

tanning

leach

cringe

treat

crumb

clinging

transport

tried

crumple

report

thigh

trifle

complied

reporter

near

anger

climbing

transient

tear

angle

cleat

transcendent

We do not know them. I can fly the kite. I must
write to Jim. Most men eat good candy. John is in
the rink. Look not upon the wine. Buy the drum for
Lynn. We must burn the tree. I must try to write.
We must extend the time. Ben should light the fire.
T must bring the bundle. The men like to eat. Go
bring the tin pan.

He can tie the loop. The pen blurred the ink. Can
Dan fly the kite? We are eating the pie. The kite
was flying high. I can eat the food. Carl can write
to Dan. London is wide and long. Can Carl stir the
tea? John must be quite shrewd. The street was quite
wide. The French girl can read. He can come to
dinner. Most of them have gone.

I am in a hurry. Dan can lead the chief. He wan
jeering the man. Can Glenn work the problem? The
girl is very shy. Must we go to church? T should be
on time. It is quite like him. He is in the car. I think
it will do. He is a kind man. Can Earl improve the

92 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

work? 1 can plant the corn. He collided with a car.
I can buy good pie. Clinton is in the street.

Fling the banner to the wind. The general is in the
bank. The mink can eat the hen. The men are not
known here. The gerr is in the mansion. The tinner
is in the rink. The plum is worth the dime. The
eagle is in the tree. The man is in the church. He
was in the birch tree. The girl went for the soap. Do
Nan and Dan eat lunch? Can Bert shoot a blue bird?
The flirt is in a plight. The eagle flew into the fire.
The egg is on the stool. I can hear the bird chirping.
I can buy the white shoe. The man is in the pen.

Can Clyde fly to the moon? The work was very
properly done. The thief is in the bank. The girl
cried for the candy. Uncle Dan can turn the crank.
The dirk is in the dirt. The idle girl can eat the peach.
Dan is trying to fly the kite. I can provide the money
we need. Ben blew a leaf into the pan. We do not
provide food for the men. Lend me a pen to write
the word. The man can write to the other men. Ethel
and another girl are eating the bun. We must learn
to write shorthand in the winter. Neither workman
is working on the pump. My friend from New York
called on me the other forenoon

Reading Exercises

C^ 0-- CLj X / ^ V

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

-~\

LESSON XIII.

As explained in paragraph 24 of the General Prin-
ciples, the short sounds of "e," "i" and "u" are
usually omitted in the middle of words not at the
beginning or end of words.

Think of these sounds just as definitely as though
you were going to write them but go on without
writing them. Thus, in writing the word "buff" think
"bu" as you write the first stroke and "f" as you
write the next stroke. Think of them by their sounds,
not by their names.

In reading, remember where a vowel has been omit-
ted in the writing and is to be supplied in the reading,
it must be one of these three sounds, as no others are
ever omitted. The sense of the sentence will readily
show which word is intended in eases where more than
one of the three vowels would make a word. Thus:
"This is a better pencil than that;" "She was churn-
ing the butter;" you would not use "bitter" or
"butter" in the first sentence, or "bitter" or better''
in the second sentence.

This is exactly the same as in reading the longhand
word "bow." You cannot tell whether it is "bow"
as in "rainbow" or "bow" of a boat, until you see
it in a sentence. But when you read "James made a
bow to the audience," or "He has a bow and arrow,"
you know exactly how to read the word. So it is in
shorthand.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

Writing Exercises.

bed

picked

**quantity

push

pig

tick

*qualify

vertical

big

ticket

**quality

regiment

rub

tickle

repel

bit

rubber

peck

redeem

bitter

rib

fickle

writ

exhibit

bread

muffle

written

mit

rug

ruffle

return

transmit

lip

ripple

retain

fit

leg

rebel

demur

fitted

bug

double

kill

pet

lug

wiggle

till

putty

Shift

wriggle

well

merit

plush

rugged

quick

but

shell

grudge

pill

button

foolish

gruff

filler

butter

will

ruffian

chill

rebut

quill

bereft

children

wet

quilt

vigor

pillar

wetter

tranquil

refer

dell

gutter

tranquility

defer

dealt

pit

bidder

differ

weld

pity

lid

definite

welt

pitiful

drug

indefinite

filter

multiply

drudge

defect

bewilder

project

puff

difficult

melt

stupid

red

deter

stubble

***luck

dub

determine

struggler

***luekv

middle

debt

film

***Hck '

pick

debtor

pilfer

***liquor

picket

*quandary

cult

licked

"con" for

"quan"; "col

" for "qual".

'Lengthen

"con" for "

quant"; lengthen "col"

"qualt."

***Notice that "L"
spaces wide. With " K '
swing over the top of '
the beginning of "L".

for

is two spaces wide and " K " thr
' beginning at the end of " L " it will
L", ending one space to the right f

96 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

Dig a ditch. Anything will do. Deliver the bundle,
We met them. Will is very portly. Can Dick read
well? Learn to do well. Tell John to go. Must we
tell them? He sold his cornet. It is counterfeit money.
Willard is a winner. He will probably go. Carl is in
college. The proprietor was prompt. The plush is
blue. It is quite muddy. Dick sold his muffler. I
like rich milk. Count the ruddy children. Evelyn
went to church. John upset the fudge. The prodigal
has returned. It is quite improbable. Ethel was quite
bewildered.

Fill up the ditch. It is a humbug. Where is the
well? Dick drew a cartoon. We are quite well. His
conduct was improper. Go give it to him. Is he a
just judge? I must go to bed. Do tell me a rhyme.
He will shovel the dirt. We will read the booklet.
Can Clyde lift the bucket? We must eat dinner quick-
ly. Fred is ready to go. The cartoon was quite promi-
nent. Lift up the big jug. The pink is quite pretty.
Get the butter for Myrtle. Willard can dig a well.
We must remit the money. The collar is very big.

I can eat a pickle. Mildred drew a vertical line.
Richard will protect the children. Frederick felt quite
puffed up. The leather is quite tough. Do you relish
the food? Fred struggled to get free. Mildred stum-
bled and fell. Lillian felt quite blue. We will return
the felt. We expect to dig a well. The rough man is
a beggar. The duck ran through the mud. He fell
into a mud puddle. Put the cover on the bucket. The
villain lived in the village. The miller is in the mill.
The preacher is in the pulpit. Permit me to settle the
bill. Willard will sit on the bench. The river bed is
quite level.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

LESSON XIV.

QUIZ. How are short "e", "i" and "u" written in the
middle of words? How distinguish, then, between words which
would have similar outlines, as "lit" and "let"? How would
you know what is meant by the word "bow" in ordinary print?
Or "lead"? When you hear one say "bloo", how do you know
what word is intended? What signs would you lengthen to
make "quant" and "qualt"? How should "K" be written
when joined to "L", as in "luck"? Why?

Writing Exercises.

construct

setter

expel

nourishment

judgment

setting

excellent

transmitted

edify

settle

expect

collect

shuffle

settling

expedite

connect

Egyptian

reset

experiment

correct

prodigal

sit

equal

nothing

timid

deficit

equally

(nu-thing)

finish

transit

equality

cornet

banish

except

steadily

Cornell

set

(ex-ept)

bevel

inconvertible

upset

excel

nourish

cardinal

Do not collide with the car. He will fill up the pit.
I will tell Edith to come. He will call for the women.
The work was very properly done. The banner flut-
tered in the wind. It is no longer an experiment.
Fred can write Edith a letter. Fred threw the pebble
into the river. I wish to bid on the building. The
girl wept when her pig died. The men are building
the big bridge. I wish you would collect the bill. The
big ship is in the port. Did Dick and Fred like to
study shorthand? I can shovel the dirt into the pit.

B. 0. BAKER
LAWTfiR

PAJLUS,

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

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100 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

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101

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102

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

LESSON XV.

As explained in paragraphs 18 and 19, it is often
easier, and sometimes more legible, to indicate long
"e" and "i" instead of writing them. They are in"
dicated by the way in which the signs are joined.
Study paragraphs 18 and 19.

Writing Exercise.

peal

pile

meal

mile

real

rile

reap

ripe

beat

bite

feed

leap

cheap

deep

dial

wheel

while

weep

wipe

kneel

Nile

pipe

peep

keep

freak

type

team

knife

fine

beadle

field

final

breathe

fiend

finally

ream

Bryan

compile

cream

bayou

compete

creep

(bi-oo)

green

keel

confine

mean

frequently

profile

complete

regal

transcribe

finely

meek

repeal

meaning

feeble

grieve

bean

tremor

blind

fleet

bead

wiped

flight

gleam

sheep

tribe

glean

shield

tribal

extreme

breeze

blight

excite

breezy

bright

excitement

steel

league

fright

steep

legal

reveal

stripe

libel

theme

style

genteel

Tyler

steeple

breed

cheaper

strike

bleak

cheapen

beast

meter

grief

feast

meager

puide

steam

veal

bide

stream

brief

bride

steamer

beetle

bridal

103

Tie his feet. Meet me there. Shield the men. Fro-
long the meeting. The mud is deep. The Work is
completed. Myrtle is greatly grieved. Edward tran-
scribed Shorthand frequently. We should breathe
deeply. The knife is quite dull. Peter drew a fine
cartoon. The columbine is very pretty. The profile
is quite clear. We know very fine people.

She is frequently heard weeping. Do not excite
the man. Kenneth is in the meeting. The deer is quite
fleet. The moon might shine brightly. The steeple is
extremely high. The lion might bite Leon. My grand-
mother is quite feeble. The well is very deep. The
feeble teamster is blind. Peter might write very brief-
ly. It was a bright evening. The event greatly ex-
cited him.

He is fleet as the wind. Bryan is a fine legal guide.
Can the beetle creep a mile? The beggar might steal
the veal. Do men compete with one another? I belong
to the Epworth League. The excitement was greater
than ever. We will confer with them immediately.
The miller is in the mill. The man is ill of a fever.
The deer is a very fleet animal.

We have a variety of food. Tell them immediately
of the meeting. The wind completely wrecked the
building. He was greatly frightened by the lightning.
The beetle might creep on the pike. The sheep are in
the green field. Peel the peach with the bright knife.
The wild beast fled from the fiend. The Nile is very
deep. leap in. The steel pen is in the cupboard. T
mean it was a fine team. The woman can guide the
blind child.

I might meet the men near the stream. We are
willing to write to them regularly. The pig might
meet Dick, and bite him. Shield the blind man from
the running team. The knife was cheaper than the
steel file. Did you hear the peal of the bell? The
pennant might be unfurled in the breeze. The bird
might fly up from the green field. Tan Carl drink

104

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

the cream while he is breathing? Veal is good meat
for the bride to eat. I might buy a team and find real
work. Can the wheel be turned while we move the
reaper? Can the man read the meter, while we cook
the beet?

Reading Exercises.

QUIZ. How are long "e." and "i" often indicated with
out being actually written? Why! Would "e" be indicated
in "weed"f "peach"? "keep"? "peal"?" Why? "i" in
"write"? "might"? "wide"? "life"? Why? Why not
indicate "i" in "shine"? "e" in "lean"? In \vliat Common
words may "S" he used to suggest "Sh"?

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

105

106 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

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I _D V ^ 9

107

LESSON XVI.

The circles are joined in the easiest way merely
because the writing is so much more easily done; they
mean exactly the same, however they are joined.

But be careful about the relative sizes of the various
circles just as you must be in writing the longhand
"e" and "1".

When a circle comes between two strokes which
would join with an angle if the circle were not there,
always write the circle so that it will be outside of
the angle because it is so much easier that way. Thus :

y\ A

And when a circle is joined to a curved stroke it is
easier to let the circle follow the swing of the curve.
Thus :

See how much easier the first combination in each
group is than the other:

XV_ than X*l_

than

s-O

108

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

Be sure to write the circle so that the strokes will
show full length (all of the circle beyond the point at
which the strokes would join if there were no circle) :

'.**'.'.

not

Join the flattened circle (long "u"^ alongside of
strokes, without adding to the length of the strokes:

Circles are not considered strokes (see eighth para
graph of Lesson X.)

bat

bath

In at

moth

boat

bought

both

bother

fat

froth

fraught

matter

fad

fraud

fodder

mad

k,d

cad

dad

Tom

roam

cat

code

rod

narrow

Cora

dot

Dora

dart

Xora

dog

caught

got

kodak

goat

goal

counteract

bov.l

dock

ball

dark

bolt

cot

calf

coat

Kaffir

rack

cough

tack

doll

talk

dollar

walk

droll

woke

tyro

wad

Cairo

ward

coke

cod

dough

bottom

few

rock

feud

pew

mew

mute

lite

youth

cue

cure

fuel

fewer

pure

new

feudal

figure

huge

union

Coe

foe

Joe

counterpane

pope

cove

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 109

wrote awed gash morning

Don ode raash ore

darn *lack gnash pour

dawn *lock crash jar

account *lark dash quart

don't lacking shower quack

fall locket Jap quote

fault *local Japan quoth

follow lacked pole wan

badly locked dote warn

forbade shallow foam want

am shabby Allen won't

abbey cash alley cocoon

add cashier ally gorge

odd lash track

Write the note. Examine the document. Interview
the tinner. All men think. Go to Aberdeen. We
work hard. Turn him out. Shoot the hawk. Catch
many carp. Attend the auction. Hear the crash. Men-
tion the fact. Would you go? I like you. Throw
the ball.

Catch the thief. Roll the hoop. Close the door.
George is shrewd. Counteract his influence. Add the
column. Countermand the order. All have gone. It
is strong. It will rain. Believe me now. All men lie.

Do nothing rashly. Judge not harshly. Avoid their
enmity. Finish the shaft. Wash the radish. Shovel
the coal. Draw a picture. Propel the boat. Improve
your opportunity. Collect the account. Correct the
carbon. Promote the institution. Banish all fear. Join
the association. Collect the amount. Dig the hole.
He fell down. He traveled far.

footnote *** of Lesson XTTT.

110 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

111

LESSON XVII.

QUIZ. Does it make any difference in the meaning of A
word which side of a stroke the circle is written? How many
different sizes of circles are there? What two suggestions are
given in regard to writing a circle between two strokes? Where
would a circle be written on a straight line? Where on a
curved line? Why should the entire circle go below the base
line in the words "boat", "bat", "oak"? How is the long
"u" sign joined to strokes? Does it add to the length of the
stroke to which it is joined? Are circles considered strokes?
Does a circle ever rest on the base line? When? (Only when it
stands alone or is the first word of a phrase; in the latter case
it is written just where it would be if written alone on the
base line.)

par

part

tar

tart

trot

token

soda

solo

chromo

cam

camera

promote

cow

cower

coward

now

row

towel

fowl

cowl

Writing

Exercises.

owl

lobe

how

loaf

Howard

job

howl

jobber

out

Job

(o-oot)

Joab

stout

Noah

stouter

boa

Jane

laugh

cap

pone

cop

pony

crop

abash

copper

abode

capital

awoke

captain

George

point

attack

drop

pad

lap

pod

lop

cope

lope

jog

jam

jaw

*old

*hold

^conclude

*exclude

joy

(j-aw-e)
snjoy
join

(jaw-in)
coin
enjoin
enjoyment
joint
daughter
water
walked
talked
Maude

*See Paragraph 16 of the General Principles.

112

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

abide

Fido

loam

brat

batter

brought

train

main

maintain

window

lane

vain

vainly

Wayne

territory

oil

boil

soil

coil

past

post

exhaust

Most of them quit. Do you know him? Where
would you go? Every man has money. I have known
him. How far is it? He is very strong. Was he at
home? They are all gone. Agree to go along. Print
the magazine regularly. Hear the dog bark. Do you
like shorthand? Do you know them? Do you like
him? Mr. Allen is here. Our town is large. The gown
is white.

The cane was broken. Has he gone far? Look at
the dog. Owe no man anything. Watch the sham
battle. The ball is round. What is his strength? Open
wide the door. The water is pure. Joe has been hurt.
Is your ax sharp? Is that plane sharp? Is he a coward?
He was not accountable. It is very inconvenient.

Prop the corner post. The porthole was closed. The
shoe is large. The creek is shallow. Ralph is the

papa

contract

draft

polite

power

hope

mode

powerful

open

modern

confound

napkin

pain

appear

lamb

Paul

appeal

rain

pole

back

dower

polar

balk

endow

pat

gap

protract

patter

wrapper

bower

pot

rapt

mow

range

patch

kraut

arrange

wrapping

cane

arrangement

grapnel

crane

Poland

nap

drain

tack

knot

Dane

tacked

naught

bane

crack

north

brain

cracker

note

remain

apt

propound

remainder

apple

gnat

refrain

apply

pop

feign

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

113

cashier. Go with them now. Do not detain me. Roland
went to Rome. The valley is beautiful. Madge is ex-
tremely excitable. How old is William? Dig the hole
deep. I fell down fiat. T have your letter. Is the
dog dead? The ox is dead. The time passed quickly.
The train was wrecked. Show Homer the sheep. Why
did you not go? Jane is quite ill. The rain may fall.
Harry found a dime. Nellie, show your power.

114 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

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LESSON XVIII.
Writing Exercises,

gavel

lower

flounder

army

attention

law

fawn

throw

statue

oath

emphatic

flag

statute

Ute

obedient

frog

stature

amount

bromide

brought

statuary

(amt)

lag

coffer

plow

found

log

drawn

boy

(f-o-un-d)

laggard

balking

alloy

bound

drag

tap

lawyer

bond

dagger

top

toy

pound

doggerel

bawble

moisture

pond

gab

codify

institute

round

brag

oddity

flash

brown

braggart

commodity

sham

frown

gabble

occur

ash

crown

gobble

trap

ashen

drown

whole

trapper

combat

lobster

concoct

trapping

comrade

strap

raft

trapped

Emma

straw

Taft

pronoun

fond

widow

profound

paragraph

rope

toadstool

craft

coin

stop

straggle

opinion

barn

stock

stone

strain

military

stack

arrow

Alma

(a-e)

start

fathom

adder

Madge

starter

motto

mottled

badge

startle

stain

gobbler

aloe

coffin

gown

drab

thaw

odium

ground

amid

thought

auditor

Don

art

large

oak

down

ark

largely

low

clown

alarm

partly

116

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

yarn

yard

mark

market

pardon

guard

throat

oddly

mock

Modoc

map

mop

chop

chapel

chattel

chatter

toad

total

rattle

radical

battle

bottle

acting

offer

He had not gone far. How long is the pole? How
large is the barrel? Joe is larger than Henry. How
large is the shop? He was at the shop. Portland is a
large town. It has cleared off now. All things are
now ready. How much cash have you? Paul broke
the long pole. Walter bought a new wagon. Willard
is six feet tall. Fill the tub with water. Do you like
the piano? Have you a new hatchet? Buy a new tin
cup. How big is the tub? What color is the collar?
I need a new lamp. Everything was in the garden.
Here is a rough floor. Powhattan was an Indian chief.
That man is a burglar. Will Don go with John? The
amount was not large. The large stone had fallen.
Jack found the broken bow. Where is the large boat?
Harold found the old clock. Tom rode the black steed.
Alfred bought a new oar. Ralph told a short story.
Willard bought a brown dog. What has that boy
found? The plot has been revealed. Robert will arrive
tomorrow.

Reading Exercise.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 11?

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118

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

LESSON XIX.
Writing Exercises.

afford

exhaustion

Wabash

mellow

quack

tackle

auction

aversion

father

tract

ancient

union

acquire

attract

particle

yule

rotten

attacked

topple

huge

attire

active

politic

humor

mote

croak

catch

cucumber

motor

endure

foretop

tag

view

verdure

adjournment rag

purview

cold

warmly

bog

cattle

colt

empower

magpie

futile

rash

imagine

rove

attain

trash

compact

rally

alone

shop

execution

Rollo

detain

sharp

population

pack

dome

show

motive

toll

comb

shatter

account

poke

arraign

pshaw

promote

poker

latch

cashed

argue

travel

match

mash

argument

wove

Arthur

mashed

garment

wall

ardor

dash

bar

*acute

article

dashed

cab

act

park

wash

crab

**actual

mildew

washed

crag

Walter

chapter

action

wag

vast

order

shaft

cap

accent

fragment

washing

cog

(ax-ept)

erection

Washington

jello

axle

translation

blast

fellow

pillow

Lengthen "u" for "ute".

*Act-ul; lengthen "K" for "kt" and "u" for "ul".

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 119

caterpillar moment explode bowwow
explain phonograph program powwow

Do you owe him anything now? "We found them all
at home. I bought a new oil can. Maude can ride on
an ox. Frank has quite a bad cough. All of them
have moved out. The crane is a tall bird. The creek
is in the valley. His mamma bought him a drum. The
apple is in the jar. I bought a box of soap. Did you
hear the dog howl? The corn crop is very poor. Pure
gold is not poor gold. The cattle are in the field
Nora wrote a note to Maud. Can your aunt write a
dot?

I found him in the yard. The cat is after the rat.
The cow is in the barn. John can make a good bow.
Irene is wearing a new gown. The ground is cold and
muddy. They sold the cabin to Robert. Dr. Brown is
a powerful man. I won't go home till morning.
Mamma has bought a new counterpane. I shall go at
any time. He ought to be a judge. Do you like the
new judge? You ought to come for them. I assure
you all is well. It is as short as ever. I shall be able
to go. Cut the wood with the axe. Did the big bug
eat anything? The pig is in the meadow. Do you like
the new rug? How much cash have you? Cut down
the old tree now. What kind of tree is it ? Don went
down town before dawn. Can a dog write a dot?

I have a pain in my jaw. Haul out the dirt in the
wagon. He was badly burned by the fire. John might
work and earn a dollar. Tell me how far you can run.
I have been gone a long time. I regard him as a great
man. The tub is now full of water. The man was
drowned in the flood. The sharp ax is in the shop.
What did you give for your hatchet? What is the
height of the tower? How far from town is the park?
The large stone fell into the gravel.

Tom wore his new cap to church. The copper kettle
is on the stove. We now keep onr now in the barn.

120

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

The trunk was broken open by the fall. Noah threw
the stone into the deep pond. I ought to buy a pound
of coffee. 1 cannot afford to go with them now. Did
you expect to chop down that tree? Do you know
the extent of the injury? The printer bought a pound
can of ink. No, we want to go to the mountain. When
do you intend to sow your wheat? He is a sober man
and a hard worker. 1 found he was very fond of
chicken pie. He was bound up by a bond for $5,000.
We must notify the workman to be on hand tomorrow.
He wore the badge on the lapel of his coat. I dropped
a pound of meat into the pond. Which of the men
have been in town for a year. A few of the men knew
of his action in the matter.

Reading 1 Exercises.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 121

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122

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

LESSON XX.

Long "a" is written as a dot when standing alone,
but is always joined when there is any sign to which
it can be joined; and when joined it is written exactly
the same as any open circle, but so small as to close it
up into a dot:

In joining long "a" to other signs, do not make it
by pressing harder on the pencil, nor by making sev-
eral circular strokes to fill up the circle into a dot;
practice writing it until you can write it with a con-
tinued, smooth motion of the pencil, making it show
as a dot uniformly; it is a good plan to start with an
open circle, as shown below, and write it again and
again, making it smaller and smaller each time until
you have it closed up with the one circular stroke of
the pencil. V- V-

fay

fail

neigh

natal

frail

ail

ailment

failure

fade

aid

ate

fate

faith

fable

bay

brocade

bait

brave

bathe

may

bake

mate

bale

made

babel

make

pay

mail

payment

Nate

pave

grape

pavement

moderat

gauge

Kate

vapor

Nathan

engage

tomato

engagement

Cato

Writing Exercises.

Tacoma

game

gave

grave

gale

gala

gaily

raiment

firmament

gablo

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

123

Abe

fame

frame

freight

frayed

afraid

parquet

wage

perforate

cater

cake

cave

create

creator

croquet

lay

labor

tape

nail

label

lake

Malay

weigh

wade

wait

waiter

waif

wafer

wake

waking

Is Amy here? Push the gate. He came back,
write daily. We like cake. Edwin came home,
ate dinner. Mable became tired. Is he able? Eat with
Amy. Pay the doctor. Pay the bill. Comb his hair.
Shave the man. He is brave. Wade the brook. Take
the car. They have gone. Are they glad? Issue the
paper. It would pay. They study diligently. Love
our nation. Pay strict attention. Stay till noon. Take
prompt action. They drank coffee.

waken

staid

wail

waked

straight

quail

wakeful

straighten

quailing

age

paste

caper

rage

taste

donate

stage

waist

donation

page

statement

jail

cage

stamen

jailer

neighbor

arcade

constable

obey

stockade

gamester

day

concave

cape

date

Yucatan

ration

dame

rate

chagrin

holiday

tray

rave

aim

portray

collate

Dave

portrait

corroborate

daily

portraiture

Carbondale

dale

quake

shay

ray

take

shale

raid

ache

shade

rake

acre

shake

raking

taking

shape

raked

taken

shave

stay

inveigh

shady

stale

purvey

wager

state

convey

major

stake

conveyed

away

stable

ague

Amy

staple

tail

stray

rail

They
We

124 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

Rock the little baby. The judge went away. The
conductor ran away. They write shorthand rapidly.
Did you pay it ? Ask for my mail. The agent was in.
He waded the brook. They must go far. They have
great strength. Strong men often fail. Dayton is in
Ohio. Is it hot today ? Ralph might aid Jack. Mable
read the fable. Carl won a wager. The quail took
flight. Margaret ate the tomato. He won a wager.
The agent is out. I sold valuable property. Do you
believe him? Watch the men excavating. He made
proper application. Harold has the toothache. The
quail took flight immediately. They returned in due
time. Nathan coached the ball team.

They were among the men. Be sure you are able.
He is able to sing. It was a fatal accident. How high
can Ned jump? Paul ought to obey Kate. Washing-
ton was a brave soldier. Many may attend church
now. Fido might bite Kate. Abe has faith in the
waif. Pour the gravy into the bowl. I may sing in the
chapel. They paid cash for the coach. Mr. Baker fre-
quently came to church. They played croquet on the
lawn. Everything was donated by the lodge. Lay the
book on the shelf. Can you draw a straight line?
Willard will go to town today. They look quite like
each other. They are reading tbe paper now. Will
they go to town today? Joe paid cash for the pump.
I enjoy reading the daily paper.

The company was paid for the pavement. The mule
ran away from the man. Anna knew how to make a
cake. The cattle ate all of the fodder. They caught
the trout in the river. The dog made a dash for the
gate. The children must pay attention to her talk.
The young man ought to learn a trade. We have had
no reply from him today. They do not provide food
for the ape. May they attach the flag to the pole?
They rode in the cab to the party. Jane may pay the
coin to join the lodge. He was awakened by a loud
clap of thunder. The lame man walked by the aid of
a cane.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 125

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126 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

LESSON XXI.

QUIZ. How is long "&" written when it stands alone?
When joined? How many times should you go around in
making a long "a" dot? How should a dot be written? (See
the last paragraph of Lesson VI.)

Join "S" in the easiest way forward on straight
lines and following the swing of curves. (See Lesson
VII.)

"Sh" at the end of strokes can often be written as
a hook; but it must always be written downward and
end or swing toward the left. Note the difference be-
tween "Sh" hooks and "S" hooks:

Bsh Bs Msh Ms Gsh Gs Rsh Rs Wsh Ws Ksh Ks

j i *x j L s> s ->

Fsh Fs Dsh Ds

Note : As will be seen in the above examples, at the
end of "K", "F" and "D" the "S" and "Sh" hooks
are exactly the same; but no confusion can result
in these cases.

Hooks do not add any to the length of strokes to
which they are joined. Thus, "SB" would be only
two spaces high, the same as the "B" alone. So with
"Msh", etc.

Hooks are not considered strokes, and would not
rest on the line. (See eighth paragraph of Lesson X.)

Writing Exercises.

see cedar concede conceit

seed proceed seat soon

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

127

foreseen

spoken

skates

tries

unseen

spade

Scot

squeeze

unforeseen

swish

scow

crease

seem

cues

scout

increase

unseemly

accuse

scowl

police

seek

pews

skin

comprise

physique

dues

sphere

wades

siege

juice

sneeze

wakes

perceive

fuse

snooze

raids

Sedan

refuse

snap

trades

fancy

amuse

sin

takes

mercy

abuse

since

raps

sigh

confuse

sinful

wages

sight

profuse

send

patches

foresight

conduce

ease

matches

insight

produce

easy

catches

side

cures

lease

learns

beside

news

piece

burns

cider

figures

sees

turns

inside

sick

rice

taps

reside

said

mice

traps

sign

decease

pods

rages

design

sell

purse

cages

consign

speed

some

pads

sue

spider

something

leans

suit

spat

prize

furs

pursue

spot

nice

curse

pursuit

spurs

knees

nurse

persuade

sparrow

keys

tails

soup

Spain

fees

eats

Soudan

sly

tease

cats

spy

slide

these

cheats

spire

slice

ties

terse

conspire

slab

buys

wins

spry

slope

wise

quince

speak

lapse

size

convince

spike

slur

dies

province

spake

slurs

geese

fans

spoke

sky

cheese

manse

128 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

dance flames circles *fulsome

chance wags serf *cumbersome

France drags serfs *facsimile

lance surprise sues *insist

glance surplus goose *persist

appearance search boots *desist

seems surge toots *consist

James concern rules *consistent

games concert schools *consider

lambs insert cellar

The log floats. Birds can fly. See him skate. Buy
good things. She got up. Rent the house. They
fought fiercely. Kate ate eggs. The rain descended.
Sometimes cars collide. Every concern prospered.
Roscoe rents houses. Print some labels. Soap the
clothes. AVe sowed oats. Count the cans. Make some
counters. Move up silently. Continue your calls. Some
are noble. Shade your eyes. Shingle the house. See
the flash. Carts carry carpenters. Buy a scarf. Can
you skate?

Who else goes? It will sink. Every man dis-
appeared. My father walks. Hear Tom sneeze. Con-
dense the vapor. Count the reports. Concentrate your
attention. Be good girls. Go with us. Up he goes.
Acknowledge the receipt. Issue more papers. Count
the ducks. Can ducks swim? Be at school. Count the
corks. Are you able? Some dogs bite. Purchase more
meat. The judge smiles. Confide in us. "Wake from
sleep. Are you sick? Yes, he swims. They slept well.
Purchase a shovel. Some wolves growl. Stick pins
here. Plants grow rapidly. Consider the lilies. They
labor energetically. Ragged boys shiver. Pick the
goose. Eat the pickles.

Roads are muddy. Maude spoke wearily. Elect him
president. Reporters write rapidly. Cease from evil.

* If signs do not join easily, lift the pencil and write
the next sign or syllable close to the preceding sign.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND,

Secure an education. Snakes sometimes bite. Sell the
cows. Sharpen the pencil. Rescue the perishing. He
is anxious. Rover is vicious. He is foolish. She is
discontented. Promise him nothing. Such a discord.
The snow fell. Cash the checks. Get the supper. Buy
some drugs. Console the professor. They sell phono-
graphs. He is invincible. Are you anxious? Ducks
swim gaily. Villages are little. Villains are wicked.
Robert shot rabbits. Progress more rapidly. Consider
the proverb. Produce great profits. Condense their
reports. Protect those cornets. Approach him cau-
tiously. They write easily. Invite your neighbors. We
feed pigs. Secure payment soon.

He beats the drum. How deep are wells? See the
ox team. Direct the boys wisely. We soon met them.
The sun shines brightly. Proceed with the work. Use
the corn meaL Seek the man diligently. The session
is over. The disease is contagious. What process was
taken? They are much concerned. Count your profits
now. The professor is conceited. This will counter-
balance that. Pick up the chips. See the big trees.
Cars run close together. Who else was there? Mice
run from cats. This water is pure. Consent to noth-
ing foolish. Do you ever specialize ? He is quite whim-
sical. Hear the whistle blow. We have enough
apples. Everybody else said no. Did you see them?
He left his comrades. Every strong man dies. It
would seem short. See the fox run. Are they good
girls? He reads shorthand easily. Answer the tele-
phone call. See the snow fall. Mrs. Burns was there.
Owls hoot at night. Comply with our rules. He comes
here often. Do they know us? Cars run far apart.
Ask for a receipt. Are you convinced now? In due
time descend. Howard won a prize. She is a pronoun.
He is too unconcerned. See the cedar tree. Six courses
were served.

The slim man is silly. They have received no reply.
The dog's name is Sport. If he comes, I go. Some of

130

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

them are giants. The lights are quite dim. Buy a boi
of matches. Do not tease the cat. She has an old
cane. We may find some ferns. We are anxious about
Fred. Did the new shoes fit! Do not run the risk.
Every one looks back here. That man sells dry goods.
The sky overhead is blue. The dress is quite fine. The
word is used incorrectly. The scholar is progressing
nicely. I consider him very dull. I was glad to see
him. We may wear new shoes now. The banner flut-
tered in the breeze. He has knowledge of the business.
Did the bird swallow the bug? Did you ever see a
ship ? Buy me a pair of cuffs.

We have had a variety of exercises. I am very fond
of green beans. Is there a fire in the furnace? The
judge fails to mention the matter. I know the size of
the sun. He has given us his final answer. She was
greatly grieved over the misfortune. Our boys have
bought new drums. Joe bought a pair of shoes today.
I will sue the editor for libel. I drew some water from
the deep well. They must go down to see them at
once. One of the boys was drowned in the bay. Mr.
Tyler sank to the bottom of the ocean. We are willing
to correspond with them regularly.

Reading Exercises.

<>\/\ w

0-1 X

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 131

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132

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

LESSON XXII.

QUIZ. When is "S" a hook? In a general way how is
"S" joined to straight lines? To curved lines? What is the
difference between an "S" hook and an "Sh" hook? Does a
hook add any to the length of a stroke to which it is joined?
Does a hook at the beginning of a stroke rest on the base line?
At the end of what three strokes is "8" the same as "Sh"?
How do we distinguish between "S" and "Sh" in these
places?

worse

spindles

survey

forces

verse

guess

risk

vigorous

paves

civil

residence vigorously

fuss

civilize

rescue

spout

does

fleets

residue

surgeon

sworn

flats

resident

surgery

swarm

plots

risky

surmise

vicious

sleeps

anxious

survive

robs

ruse

silk

survival

robins

stress

select

prostrate

cogs

submerge

scarf

pronounce

crags

submit

scarred

collapse

sluice

serve

scholar

express

prosper

subserve

scholars

*sex

temperance

subside

sport

**sucks

symbol

subdue

ports

*tax

pins

subject

counts

**tacks

caves

substance

accounts

axes

rulers

subjugate

reports

***access

apples

square

deports

***accede

applies

squawk

press

***success

turkeys

surmount

presses

***succeed

spin

surname

curses

***successful

Use "X"

because it is

us*d in the

ordinary spelling of

the word.

**Use"Ks"

because it is so spelled.

**ai-es; use "X" for "ks" in these words, because it ii
easier; the sound is the same.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

133

spout

surrender

such

dispel

sprang

surprise

sizzle

disperse

Spanish

respect

suspect

disburse

said

response

suspense

disease

(sed)

says

sister

anxious

speech

suds

cistern

such

speechless

guesses

substitute

*chorus

squirm

verses

system

*Paris

squirrel

misses

sum

*Morris

squeal

caress

handsome

Consider before consenting. The sugar is sweet.
The monk wrote books. The cow eats hay. We must
move slowly. They sent a conductor. Good scholars
succeed. It will be successful. Elmira is very con-
sistent. Accede to his demands. Thy mercy endureth
forever. They worked very successfully. The shears
are very sharp. We buy berries every day. We must
walk more slowly. March 9 is Ralph 's birthday. Papa
buys us nice toys. Amanda may boil the rice. A man
in France can read. The information is now accessible.
Anna may have some lemonade. We found the work
quite easy. The house has a dormer window.

These lamps make a dim light. The sly fox caught
a goose. We saw the police catch a thief. They ought
to own their homes. Tom Thumb was a very small
man. How far can a small mouse jump? Can they
go to the sea shore? I may spend $2.50 for a hammock.
They spoke quite highly of his work. Watch the man
cut the piece of iron. Susan is sure to like your new
hat. How many needles did you purchase? They
may appoint a new agent here soon. We have done
no work since Thursday.

We ought to speak to him at once. The boys who
went swimming were nearly drowned. Do you see
how well our girls sew? We have heard from him
only once since Thursday. We went to the fort to see

*The "r" begins a new syllable,

134

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

the captains. What have you done with the bunch
of keysT I found the ring under the carpet >v'nlc
sweeping. Do you intend to pay us a visit soon? A
party of our young folks have gone to Perry. How
many tons of coal do you intend to order? The cat
was badly scared by the bark of the dog. Mr. Thomp-
son is now in need of a watchman at the depot. What
are the prospects for a wheat crop? They cheered the
speech to the echo.

Reading Exercises.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 135

Js 35'

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J
xx

o ^-- /O \^-3tf o v^<;
^1//^?X

136 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

LESSON XXIII.

QUIZ. What is the sound of "X"? Name several words
in which it is easier to use the "X" sign instead of "KS"f
Where signs do not join easily what should be done! See foot-
notes in Lessons XI and XXL.

"Sh" in the Form of a Hook.

mush

gush

crush

punishment

hush

gushes

cushion

dishful

brush

freshet

dish

flourish

fish

freshman

dishes

bishop

fresh

blushes

radish

militia

brushes

rush

famish

blush

flush

punish

Enlarged Hooks.

At the end of the longer strokes write "ST" exactly
like "S", and "SHT" like "SH", except to make the
hook larger; it need not be as large as "D" or "J",
and, like the "S" hook, should not lengthen the stroke.
(See Lesson XXI.)

less

gust

pest

lapsed

list

disgust

kiss

vest

guess

does

kissed

vests

guest

dust

Jess

soloist

miss

duster

jest

crush

mist

missed

ness

crushed

Bess

midst

nest

dish

best

modest

earnest

dished

wish

saddest

nests

stoutest

wished

hardest

exist

pressed

blush

fist

exists

cursed

blushed

first

existence

inst.

bust

enlist

lapse

instead

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 137

Catch the big fish. Note the omission. Think well
first. Wash the radish. Carl eats fish. Catch the
fish. The house collapsed. The water is fresh. Do
you know addition? Nora is famished. The porter is
conscious. The machine was uncontrollable. We have
promised nothing. Be earnest and honest. Ernest is
inconsiderate. Soap bubbles burst. Buy a brush for
Edith. Maidenblush apples are ripe. Just a portion
was given to him. What proportion did he receive?
I think the pudding is delicious.

The blue jay has his faults. However, he is a brave
bird. He has no fear of the cold weather. Long after
other birds have gone to spend the winter in a warmer
climate, you may see him dodging around among the
bare trees. Sometimes he does not leave here all win-
ter if he can find all he needs to eat. Even on a cold
day if you go far into the woods it is likely you may
see a number of these birds braving the storm. Do
you wonder where they go during the cold night?
The blue jay must do with light fare while the winter
continues. Now and then he may find a dried berry
on the branch on which it grew, or the tiny eggs of
some insect on the under side of a piece of bark. When
the spring sun begins to warm the ground, you can
hear his noisy cry. Even his friends who went away
for the winter now make themselves known They
are here long before the first wild flower blooms Mr.
Pine Jay is ever dressed in grand style. His back is
light purple, his wings and tail are blue. His head is
white, his bill is black, his eyes are brown. If his
manners were as handsome as is his dress, how pretty
he would be! In April, Mr. Blue Jay helps his mate
make her nest among the branches of some tree far in
the woods. They work quite speedily, and in a week
or so the nest is done. The blue jay is a thief and
even worse. He robs every nest he can find. If there
are eggs in it, he breaks and sucks them. If there are
young birds, he tears them in pieces and eats them.
Ts it anv wonder he has so few friends?

138 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

J O -S~2 C *

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

139

LESSON XXIV.

QUIZ. In such words as "dish" and "does" how is
"Sh" distinguished from "S"? In such words as "list" and
' ' best ' ' how is the " T " indicated t How would " St " be writ-
ten in these words? How would the "ST" in best" be dis-
tinguished from "J"? Does an enlarged hook add anything to
the length of the stroke to which it is joined!

Sometimes "SHT" is used for "ST" because easier:

cast

cost

coast

coaster

request

question

faced
raced
roast
ghost
aghast

In common words, "sh" will suggest "tion" (sion)
or"ation": action station

application

exhibition

permission .

prediction

degradation

suspicion

missionary

pronunciation

stationer

omission

notation

construction

stationery

addition

quotation

fiction

prostration

perforation

citation

friction

depredation

edification

portion

dimension

radiation

ovation

physician

expression

oration

additional

mission

collection

numeration

proposition

submission

correction

expectation

prohibition

succession

administration

occasion

collision

decision

transportation

connection

improvision

selection

confederation

occasional

recreation

ambition

dedication

moderation

promotion

creation

140

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

Note : According to the suggestion in Lesson VIII.,
"S" is lengthened to add "T" if the "T" comes ia
the same syllable. Otherwise the ordinary form of the
"S" is used. Thus:

state estate stir Esther stop estop

estrange
stray
estray
stir
Esther
hesitation

hesitancy
stop
estop
stab
estab-(lish)
estimate

estimation
story
hysteria
history
historical
hysterical

state

estate

hesitate

steam

esteem

strange

We predict disaster. He runs very fast. I like
roast beef. He has gone astray. What did the furnace
cost? She was quite hysterical. He is very ambitious.
He is an outcast. The cork was lost. The star is in
the western sky. Do you know addition? The physi-
cian was there. How fast can you run? The physician
is here now. Did you notice the omission? I have
joined the confederation. What prediction has he
made? Frederick can report the convention. The
frost has killed our plants. Did you ever see a ghost?
He is held in great esteem. Esther will stir up the
animals. He is a missionary in Africa. They gave him
quite an ovation.

I lost the remainder of the money. He tossed the
crumbs to the birds. He has gone to the Pacific coast.
I have made application for the position. I will go
to the station immediately. What is his decision in
the matter? He is a great reader of fiction. What
are the dimensions of this car? He has gone to the
country for recreation. What do you think of the
present administration? Did he hesitate to speak of
the estate? The strange man became estranged from
his friends. There was much friction between the tAvo

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

141

men. He made a quotation from the Senator's speech.
I have no hesitancy in recommending it to you. I
have given him permission to go with you.

The construction of the new building is progressing
rapidly. What portion of the plot is to belong to you?
What is your estimate of the cost of this undertaking?
I have lost the money my father gave me last week.
What is the state of the estate at the present time?
There was a collision between an automobile and a
street car. The story of Washington is an important
part of the history of our country.

Reading Exercises.

142 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

143

LESSON XXV.

QUIZ. When may "Sht" be used for "St"f What will
suggest "tion" or "ation" in common words? When would
not "S" be enlarged to indicate a "T" immediately follow-
ing-? Why not enlarge "K" to add "T" in such words as
"collection", "prediction", "selection"?

In joining "S" to circles use the "first S", thus:
<r * except when this does not conform to the motion
of the other signs, in which case use the second form,
thus: e, v* (like "D" or "J" right ward.)

iJut:

After studying the above examples, carefully write
the following exercises :

say

safely

mace

alas

sane

south

amazement

endorse

insane

sour

mass

fuse

saw

soft

masses

confuse

sake

sauce

moss

profuse

forsake

saucer

base

use

sack

saucy

bases

uses

sock

sausage

basin

usage

sat

sassafras

bass

news

satin

sacerdotal

gas

muse

sot

assassin

gases

spasm

sought

case

grass

transpose

sad

craze

grows

compose

sadly

crazy

grocer

impossible

saddle

cozy

days

produce

sod

face

daisy

sirloin

sodder

phrase

drays

conduce

sawed

froze

ways

propose

safe

facile

lace

endorsement

144

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

proposition

esophagus

surpass

musical

transfuse

praise

dazzle

sag

praises

castle

sap

place

tassel

sop

plaster

grace

Aesop

places

graceful

Sam

passage

glass

sob

jays

glaze

sage

chase

blaze

osage

chases

gloss

sale

chasten

inducement

Sal

chosen

sound

wholesale

adjacent

pace

solitary

raise

absorb

satchel

raises

gazelle

resound

trace

Brazil

zigzag

heroes

sacrifice

pass

toss

tosses

toes

those

rows

sapling

usual

(usl)
* unusual
Castile
horse
Horace
Morse
Morris
parse
Paris
carcass
sorghum
sorry (s-or-e)

Run a race. The water froze. Carpenters saw
boards. Glass is brittle. We sat down. Use carbon
paper. Pass the butter. Toss the ball. Myrtle sat up.
Roscoe rents houses. Raise the shortage. Amanda is
very musical. The rose is sweet. Pocahontas was
Powhattan's daughter. Read the gas meter. Pay
your gas bill. We passed the station. Jasper is con-
stantly proposing. The two firms consolidated. Maud
is very graceful. Albert is chasing butterflies.

Amanda broke her saucer. The vinegar is sour. The
storm rose suddenly. I saw most of them. Add the
column of figures. Bring us no bad news. Acknowl-
edge receipt of the money. The soft water is scarce.
Our cow ate some grass. T heard a queer sound. The
horse may run away. The assassin ate the sansau:".
Can you write zigzag lines? Joseph might trace the
package. They bought the adjacent property. Thomas
may mash his thumb. Susan ate some soft apples. The

*Write the "usual" as it would be written alone,-
ning at the end of the "un".

-begin

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 145

flower absorbs the ink. Abe reads the daily newspaper.
The horse ran a race. A dog may chase a rat. The
lady sang a sweet song. Jenny tried to amuse the
baby. Have you ever seen a castle? How many
samples did you buy? The cat is chasing the bird.
What proposition has he made to you? The saucy
child amused the passengers.

He prophesied this same prophesy. Rollo forgot to
bring the satchel. Oliver might amuse Nora and Dora.
He comes every day with radishes. The waiter applied
for the position. The dog might chase the cat. Have
you ever read Aesop's fables? What did she pay for
the satchel? What proposition was made you? The
gas range is in the shop. He is very precise in his
speech. We expect to go to Boston soon. The gray
cat sat near the fire. We desire to thoroughly satisfy
all concerned. We know the cause of his failure. The
water froze and is now ice. Joe saw the sparrow in
the barn. How many crows are in the barn? How
large a bird is the sparrow?

Did you observe the work of those men? Our regu-
lar terms to dealers are 30 days. Mr. Skinner bought
the goods at wholesale prices. The bad man slapped
him on the face. T was glad to introduce the noted
speaker. Would you please buy a gross of pencils? I
saw a man riding down the lane today. My saucy
sister filled the saucer with plaster paris. Mabel
grieved over the loss of her pet kitten. Henry intends
to cross the creek down at the ford. Do you see the
box of matches in the safe? The products are now on
exhibition at the exposition. Do you know what is
the wholesale price of the articles? The place on the
program was taken by the new pastor. He says he
will not submit to the rule of the czar. The auditor
was very radical in his views. He is selling the goods
at the lowest possible prices. He might stab the man
who was in possession of that establishment.

146 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

Messrs. Carl Porter & Co.,

Columbus Colony, Colo
Dear Sirs:

We enclose you herewith for collection an account
against Conrad Carter, of Wheeling, West Virginia,
for a carload of corn. This account, amounting to
$61.32, is now considerably more than eight months
past due. Mr. Carter has been constantly promising
to pay this account if we would wait upon him in-
definitely or allow him a discount of 5%. We cannot
consent to any such arrangement and must insist that
he proceed immediately to make settlement in accord-
ance with his agreement in the beginning. Please take
such steps as you regard necessary or advisable to
bring the matter to a prompt adjustment. Kindly
acknowledge receipt of this communication, and oblige

Cordially yours,
Col. Conrad Carter,

Columbia Junction, Conn.
My dear Sir:

Considering the condition of things now, you must
concede that it would certainly be the proper course
to pursue to require a daily report of all transactions
concerning this account. We have encountered all
sorts of protests as to the quality of the material used
in the production of this carpet. We cannot reproduce
them all, as we must proceed prudently, and at present
we have not sufficient proof to convince Mr. Karlan
of the correctness of the collections.

Please produce immediately a report of the progress
that has been made in procuring the necessary quantity
within the boundaries of this county.

We propose to call on them promptly for whatever
information they may possess concerning this concert.
The cornet specialist will entertain the prodigal, as
well as the members of the colonies, with the most
exquisite music. We trust you will confer with your
promotion committee and proceed to make your plans
to enjoy the entire course of lectures.
Cordially yours,

GU*JUyy V<L'

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 147

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o .

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148 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

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DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 149

150 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

-v;

^r / x ~-,

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^v_ w^'xv k

a 6 ^ <? n -/ s^ v^^ vt V:>

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 151

-^ O-o X y.

152 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

^i .

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 153

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154 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

GENERAL PRINCIPLES.
I.

1. For "C" use "S" when the sound is the same as.
"S", as in "peace" and "K" when it has that sound,
as in "coat."

2. The "H" dot is never joined, while the long "a"
dot is always joined.

3. For the initial "A" the short "a" is used, to
avoid confusion with "H".

4. As there are no signs for "C", "Q" and "Y",
these, when used as initials, are written, as they are
ordinarily pronounced: 1 (see) for "C"; /^
(cue) for "Q"; -y, (wy) for "Y".

5. "Qu" always has the sound of "KW", and is
so written; /

6. "Y" at the beginning of a syllable, as in "yet",
"yacht", "lawyer", has the sound of long "e", and
is so written; at the end of a syllable it is the same
as long "i", (as in "my"), or short "i" (as in
"Amy").

7. A dot over "S" makes "Z"; a dot over ';Sh' r
makes "Zh". (See Lesson VIT.) A O c b

II.

8. Use the ordinary punctuation marks, except that
for the period use X (Semi-colon may be indicated
by leaving more space between words.) An additional
period shows the end of a paragraph.

9. To show that a word is to be capitalized (that is,.
to be commenced with a capital letter) write ^
under it; lengthen this sign to extend under severat
adjoining words to be capitalized : v ----- ^

10. To show that a word is to be typewritten in
capitals (every letter a capital) write "__ r ^-. = *~'_
under it.

11. A wave line ~w*~ is used for the dash and
underscore.

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND.

12. Under a figure a straight horizontal line adds
"th", "rd", "st". ate.: __% third; J^ second j 49 forty-
ninth ; 21 twenty-first.

13. Under a word, a straight horizontal line shows
that the word is to be repeated > _0 See! See !

^ Alas ! Alas r Alas I 2-x side by side ;
Q~ over and over; ~^v^ ^ rom time to time.
III.

14. Indicate v 'ing" or "thing" by writing a dot
under and close to the end of the preceding sign.
When convenient, begin the next sign at this point
instead of using the dot. As a rule, "ings" and
*' things" may be indicated in the same way, or S"
may be written: j/^ eating; f-N wading;

L brings; v>>v -^ savings; _^/v nothing is;

O^ all things are ; S~~'~~^~ kingdom ; /"^

Wellington.

15. Indicate "er" by shading the sign just before
the "er" if it is in the same syllable, or if, by shad-
ing, two or more syllables can be written with a con-
tinuous stroke. (This applies to everything but a

dot.) Example: I^^Ber-t; L^ bur-n; P-N bir-d;
Y^ la-borj^Tl^ scab-bar-d; J br-ay,- ""

exer-tion; f*/ exter-nal. (See Lesson V.)

16. Indicate "T" by lengthening the sign just be-
fore the "T" if it is in the same syllable. When
lengthened, the sign is exactly the same shape,

simply larger. F ~^ Ft~^ P V^ PtV.

D /--N Dt ,- s (See Lesson VIII.) In common*

words lengthen for^T" to suggest "D": waitet
(waited) : *^

156

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

17. Indicate "L" in the same way as "T" except
to enlarge the sign more than for "T": F "^

(See Lessoa VIII.)

18. Indicate long "e" (when easier or more legible)
by lifting the pencil, going back along the stroke just
written, and commencing the next sign so as to leave
a piece of the first sign projecting beyond the joining

point: -r -/ V^^T^ ** ^ (See Lesson XV.)

19. Indicate long

(when easier or more legible)

ty lifting the pencil and beginning the next sign so
as to leave a piece of the second sign projecting be-
yond the joining point :
(See Lesson XV.)

IV.

20. Each syllable is written as though it were an
entire word, the syllables being simply joined in writ-
ing. The more readily you recognize the syllable di-
vision of words, and the more closely you adhere to
this rule, the more easily and rapidly will you write
Shorthand, and the more readily will you read it.
side
in-side
be-side

(not Lbes-ide)
de-cide

(not/^dec-ide)
re-side
serve
ob-serve

(not l^obs-erve)
de-serve
(notx-^des-erve)

des-ire)

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 157

2 size <x*" Es-ther

exer-cise C stir

pre-cise cXi es-tab(lish)

(\
T

stab

debt-or s-p dis-ease

e-f ect x~ ^ de-cease

ef-i-nite de-scribe

,^* x-rfe-f ect x~ de-cease

x-> ^ > d

One advantage of this system is that the shorten-
ing up of outlines is not merely arbitrary, but is ac-
cording to a systematic method. As the student be-
comes more familiar with the Shorthand he may ab-
breviate more and more, just as he would do in long-
hand with familiar terms; and these contracted forms
are legible to anyone writing the system, even though
he does not use the contractions in his own notes.

21. Use abbreviations commonly used in longhand:

\ (Mo.) for Missouri or month; (Chg.)

cha
lustration; - (No.) for number; / (Co.)

for charge or Chicago; f (III.) for Illinois or il-

for

for company; (sub.) subject, subscription;

/ (sug.) suggest; rf"X^^ (adv.) advertise ( ment) ;
I/" (bet.) between.

22. Write just so much of a word, as is necessary to
show plainly what is intended : ( exper(ience) ,-

"X^^ ev(ident) ; ^> situratHVn4 ; J**&
enthus(iasm) ; "v-^a edu(cate) ; / o'cl(ock).

23. Abbreviations are sometimes formed, as in long-
hand, by dropping the first syllable or sign of a word:

advise; "^-^ advance; ^e re S re ^t
request; f J require; f because;

descri!)e; ^ remain; ^^^ entirely;

158 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

begin ; J elbow ; J element.

24. Short "e," "i,' r and "u" are usuaHy omitted
in the middle of wojds: __^~\ wed; X\^_ tip;

V-> mud; *> took.

25. Words which naturally belong- together may
often be joined in writing (phrased, it is called) to
advantage ; but do so only when the words join easily r

^ I do ; ' I will ; /

I will bes* ^ - g You will see (thr)at;

enclose you herewith ; ^-^.-_

J
fc^ if ou have not c~i

We enclose you herewith ;

J
in (a) few days; fc^ if you have not; c~i

some (time) ago; ^ in regard to; <x at

once. See also paragraph (t), page 15.

26. In common phrases the first soundsign of a word
will often suggest the word: s-s D(ear) S(ir) ;

4?^ You(rs) t(ruly) ,- , _ 9 win s(ay)-
that; I by-any-m(ean)s; L^V, by-no-

m(ean)s; J by-all-m(ean)s; I

m(eans)-of; a - ^you-wfll-f (ind") ;
to-hear-f(roi)-you; <x as-much; r so-mtich.

27. Such words as "to", "the^, 4< of^ "be", etc.,
may often be omitted, when the sense of the sentence

will supply them :. we-beg-( to) -say-that;

in regard (to) the matter; p at(the) present

time; v^ in (the) meantime,

DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND
VI.

159

A nnmber of complete words are indicatedarbitrari-
ly by single soundsigns, or combinations of soundsigns
not complete words. These are called

WORDSIGNS.

K /^

look
quite

very

^^^

D /^>

KL / X X

J v^/

just

JL .

--"general

N y

know

known

W _

with

NT ./

not

would

Ch ^x

which

NL ^/

knowledge

S /S

was

T ^

S cy

ime j

time

Sh ^

sure

AlP

should

F "^

far

Sht D

short

P ^

Shi ^)

shall

L J

long
length

* ^

ever
every

1 r

i r

Jj.

es -^

else

r-t r

it.* r

it
it would

en j

any
go

Q /

gone

, /

it will

good

160 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND

GT /

great

I am

GL /

glad

most

must

_ A

MG \

among

has
have

Mr ^

many
money

all

been

thr

then-

? /

there

to the

- 0.

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