THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OE CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES >^Ffe _ below the line to make distinctions between words which ig would otherwise be written exactly alike, the vowels being |g all omitted in rapid writing). Others fail to make sufficient ^j difference between the various vowel signs to afford the greatest degree of legibility. i? Shorthand Essentials. As Shorthand is used for the reproduction of speech 5 it is evident that the chief requisites are legibility and speed. We place legibility first. Speed is necessary, be- cause without it the record cannot well be made; but legi- bility is of much greater importance, because a record which cannot be read is worthless. Besides, legibility is zi a very important element in speed, for the reason that it gives to the writer a confidence which must necessarily add greatly to the ease of writing. As to Legibility. To secure the greatest degree of legibility it is nec- essary that the vowels, which are the most important sounds of words, be actually written, in their regular order in words. In the old methods they are necessarily omitted in rapid writing, because the only way in which they can be written at all is by means of disconnected dots and 448598 4 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. dashes (light and heavy), which must be placed in cer- tain positions alongside the consonant strokes after all the consonants have been written; and it is utterly im- possible to write them in this way rapidly enough for practical use. As a result of the omission of the vowels a number of words have exactly the same consonant outline. In order to prevent confusion, some of these outlines are written above the line, others on the line, and certain others below the line. This is called "position writing," the three positions corresponding with those which the dots and dashes would occupy if written beside the con- sonant strokes. As a further precaution, there are sev- eral different ways of writing certain consonants, each to be used in certain words. This is an arbitrary device, ne- cessitating much memorizing of outlines. As to the importance of the vowels, we can quote many leading writers and authors, even of those systems which omit the vowels. What Writers of Other Systems Say. Jerome B. Howard, one of the authors of the Benn Pitman System text-books, in an address to commercial teachers, said: "Position writing * * * is a compen- sating device for restoring legibility lost through the omis- sion of the vowels. It only partially restores this lost legibility, however, because it frequently happens that several words in the same position, written exactly alike, make equally good sense in the same place. Besides, it often requires so much mental effort to determine the proper position, that one frequently writes an outline in the wrong position, and the legibility is not at all restored. Why Write the Vowels. Isaac S. Dement, author of Dement's Pitmanic Short- hand, who had the reputation of being the most rapid Shorthand writer in the world, is quoted as saying: "Vowels constitute an important part of Shorthand. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 5 I have seen the time when I would have given the price of the transcript for a single vowel." In his text-book he urges students to write the vowels as far as they possibly can, saying, "Do not drop the vowels too soon. They are your best friends." As further indication of Mr. Dement's estimate of the vowels it may be said that, according to his own published statement, only "business reasons" deterred him from is- suing a connective-vowel system, which he had ready at that time, and which he has since published. The late David Wolfe Brown, reporter in Congress and a Pitmanic writer, wrote an excellent book entitled "Fac- tors of Shorthand Speed," which is intended for the practi- cal stenographer as much as for the learner. In this book he urges the writing of vowels even to the extent of neglect- ing the consonant outlines, for, he says: "When a word, because unfamiliar, is indistinctly un- derstood, the vowels are generally more clearly heard than the consonants; and though the consonant outlines! may be incorrect, a clearly expressed vowel may be so won- derfully suggestive as to settle beyond a doubt the word intended." It is quite noticeable that expert Pitmanic writers, in making suggestions to stenographers, advise them to utilize their spare moments during dictation by going back and inserting as many vowels as possible, especially in unfa- miliar words. Writers Are Agreed. &o you will see that all Shorthand writers are agreed upon the importance of the vowels and the desirability of having them written where they belong in words; and the advantage of writing them thus, as the rule, instead of the exception, must be plain to every one, for while taking the dictation, it is not likely to occur to the writer that he may afterwards have trouble in reading a word which, at the time of writing it, is perfectly clear. The only difference of opinion on this point among Shorthand writers is that some claim it to be merely the ideal way, impossible of attainment. 6 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. Should be Written in the Words. The advantage of writing the vowels where they be- long in words the natural way is generally admitted by expert writers of the old systems. Jerome B. Howard said, in connection with the statement I have quoted: "If it were possible to write the vowels where they belong in words rapidly enough for practical work, position writing would not be used." Mr. Howard probably intended to prove the impracti- cability of the natural method by the fact that so many people still adhere to position writing. This fact, however, no more proves such a claim than does the fact that people continue to patronize a swindler prove that he is no swindler. But the gist of his statement is a remarkably strong admission as to the importance of the vowels and the ad- vantage of writing them naturally where they belong in words, when he says that the advantage is so great that one needs only to be convinced of its feasibility to cause him to abandon position writing and adopt the connective- vowel method. It is not difficult to show the practicability of the nat- ural method. A comparison of our Shorthand outlines with the briefest Pitmanic outlines will show that our outlines, including the vowels, are as brief, on an average, as the others, in which the vowels are all omitted, although we have written fully twice as many sounds. Dougherty's Shorthand has achieved what some claim to be merely the ideal. By this method the vowels are written as the rnle, in their regular order in words, with- out raising the pencil. This is the natural, simple method, and accurately readable outlines are the result. As to Speed, Shorthand writing is chiefly a mental process: hence the great requisite for speed is the minimum amount of mental effort required in the act of writing. To secure this we must have the greatest possible decree of simplicity. This is conceded by all the lor.rlins; writer? and authors. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 7 Isaac S. Dement, in a personal letter to Mr. Dougherty, reiterates his previous statements in regard to Shorthand speed. "It does not come from, but is retarded by a multiplic- ity of arbitrary forms. So long as we work from principle with which we are entirely familiar, the mind works quickly and with as much accuracy as our mastery of the princi- ples permits; but when seeking arbitrary the mind must search for a particular symbol." Search implies effort. In the preface to his text-book Mr. Dement says that he discarded thousands of the arbitrary signs which are ordinarily used in the Pitmanic Systems, and that, his mind being thus freed from this burden, his speed was increased. "It requires more time," he eays, "for the mind to call up a special picture of an isolated contraction than it re- quires to apply familiar rules." The late Mr. C. H. Nettels of this City, who was con- ceded to be one of the most rapid Shorthand writers in the country, went to even greater lengths in this direction than does Mr. Dement, claiming that, although his outlines were very much longer, he could write them much more rapidly because he could think them more easily. His idea was that the mind should be relieved by simplifying the method, even though the hand be compelled to do several times as much actual work. Mr. Nettels highly recommended Dougherty's Short- hand because it so fully conforms to this idea and that, too, without increasing the length of outlines. Simplicity Means Speed. Dougherty's Shorthand surpasses all others in point of simplicity. This simplicity is secured by adhering to the natural, rational method, which is to reproduce the sounds of which words are composed, in the exact order in which they are pronounced. Thus, we have a sign of a certain shape for each of the various sounds which compose ordinary speech. These 8 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. signs, or pictures we might call them, are written one after the other in the order in which the corresponding sounds are pronounced, and they are written without raising the pencil. No thought of position is necessary, because our out- lines mean precisely the same in one position as in another. It is not necessary to memorize many word forms, as in most cases our complete outlines are briefer than the arbitrary, contracted word forms in the old methods. Even when the outlines are longer they are more easily written, because there is much less mental effort required in the act of writing. In short, by using the natural method, as indicated, we escape the numerous difficulties which are utterly unavoid- able in position writing. Simple and Brief. It will thus be seen that we have secured the greatest degree of simplicity without increasing the average length of outlines. This result has been secured by a rearrange- ment of the material, using those signs which afford the best combinations and avoid angles, or make such angles as we are accustomed to making in longhand writing, using as signs for the most frequently occurring sounds such strokes as occur most frequently in longhand. It is frequently the case that from three to six sounds, and sometimes even more, are represented by a single con- tinuous stroke. Yet excess of horizontal strokes is avoided, thus affording outlines which are not only more easily writ- ten, but are also more legible. Readability Not Sacrificed to Writability. Several of the newer systems, such as the Gregg, have too much sameness in the direction of the strokes to se- cure the greatest degree of legibility and rapidity combined. In our System the strokes, although nearly all in a rightward direction, have variety enough to afford more legible outlines, yet do not retard the smoothness of the movement. A study of rapid longhnnd writing will show that DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 9 angles, to a certain extent, are an advantage. Notice, for example, the tops of a longhand letter "n," which are gen- erally and more easily written like the tops of a "u." We do not claim for our method that it is the only feas- ible one. There are several other connective-vowel sys- tems which have attained unquestioned success. Our meth- od, however, surpasses others of the same class in simplic- ity, in ease of outline, and in legibility. As to legibility, for example, some methods practically represent as many as three vowel sou.nds by the same sign. True^ there is a provision for indicating distinctions by means of disconnected dots, which must be inserted after the outline is completed. But such a device is not likely to be used where it is really needed, since the writer is not likely while writing a word to expect trouble in reading it afterwards. It is just as easy in the first place to learn a distinct sign for each of the sounds, and it is certainly easier to think of the desired sign when needed if each sound is invariably represented in the same way than if its dis- tinctive form is used only occasionally. In a Nutshell. To recapitulate: The ideal system must be legible and rapid. Legibility is secured by writing the vowels. Speed is secured chiefly by simplicity. Writing the vowels as they occur in words affords the greatest degree of sim- plicity. Hence, writing the vowels connectedly insures both legibility and speed. How Speed is Secured. With longhand a speed of fifty words a minute is often acquired; twenty-five words a minute is only ordinary speed. Four times the latter speed is ample for nearly all ordi- nary Shorthand work, and indeed, it is seldom that e^ight times this speed is needed in most rapid verbatim reporting. In longhand each character requires from three to seven strokes. In Dougherty's Shorthand, each letter is written with one stroke. This alone would insure out- 10 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. lines five times as brief as longhand outlines, even were all silent letters used, as they are in longhand. But in Shorthand only the actual sounds are written, and the silent letters are all dropped out. This still fur- ther reduces the length of outlines. Our Shorthand outlines, using only the alphabet, would be more than fives times as brief as longhand. The other principles of the system are used for the purpose of securing a still greater degree of brevity of outline, so that our or* dinary Shorthand outlines are more than ten times as brief on an average, as the corresponding longhand outlines. Hence if one be as thoroughly familiar with the Shorthand as he is with longhand he will surely be able to write with verbatim speed. The practicability of our method is also proven by the work of its writers. Many have been eminently successful with this method who utterly failed with the old methods, which are really practicable only for persons who possess excellent memories, who are exceptionally quick thinkers, and who have an extended knowledge of language. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 11 Suggestions to Students. (a) While learning Shorthand or Typewriting, do not entertain a thought of speed. Lose sight of everything but accuracy. Do not be influenced by what others say to you about speed. Many a person, because of his anxiety to get "speed," forms habits of carelessness in writing, which greatly handicap him in future work. Too much emphasis cannot be placed upon the importance of absolute accuracy while learning to write. Do not think of speed. It will surely come if you do enough of careful, accurate practice, and the speed attained in this way will not be at the expense of legibility, as is so often the case otherwise. Bemember, speed in writing without ability to read what you write is worth nothing. (b) Learn to absolutely concentrate your attention upon your work. This is one of the essentials to efficient service even in actual work, and is all the more necessary in learning Short- hand or Typewriting. It is utterly impossible to secure the best results while your attention is divided. (c) Train yourself to hear what is said, and to remember what you hear. In ordinary conversation we catch the drift of what is said and are satisfied, and so get into the habit of only half hearing. But it is necessary to actually hear in order to reproduce what is heard, and it is desirable in reporting to be able to remember as many words as possible. Practice in these lines by mentally repeating after a speaker all he says, beginning with a few words at a time and gradually increasing the number. The ability to carry in mind twenty-five or thirty words while listening to the speaker and writing at the same time, will wonderfully increase your Shorthand speed by giving you such confidence that you will not easily become confused, and also by enabling you to catch up with the speaker during pauses, when he gets ahead of you. As additional help in this direction, in your writing practice, read as many words as you can remember and then write them, instead of reading onh- t\vo or three words ;it a time. Tf von have some one to 12 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. dictate to you while practicing, have him read in the same way; instead of reading slowly and continuously, have him read more rapidly and make longer pauses where the punctti.i- tion marks are. (d) Ease of writing depends much upon the writing ma- terials the kind of paper as well as pencil and it is as great a help to the beginner as it is to the professional stenographer to have the right materials. There is no economy in using poor pencils and poor paper, merely because they are cheap. The pencil should glide over the paper easily, yet with enough fric- tion to leave a good mark without much pressure. The lead should be tough and uniform in quality, yet soft enough to make a good mark. For pencil work, the paper should not be too smooth. It may be necessary to do some experimenting before the right combination of pencil and paper is secured. (e) Ink notes are better than pencil notes for preserva- tion, but if a pen is used, it must be one that will move smoothly over the paper, and the paper must have a hard, smooth surface. It will not do for the pen to catch in the paper or to gather fuzzy fibers to make lines where they are not wanted. (f) Do not sharpen the pencil to a point. Cut off the wood, leaving the lead intact. You can make just as fine lines with this kind of point as with a sharp point if you will occa- sionally turn the pencil to get a new edge. The advantages of this plan are several: The pencil will last very much longer; the point is not nearly so apt to break off; it is much easier to shade with such a point than with a sharp point; much L'ss frequent sharpening is required; it avoids soiling one's fingers in sharpening. (g) If you are in the habit of pressing heavily on the pencil while writing, break yourself of it. You will write much more easily by holding the pencil lightly. (h) Avoid putting the pencil in your mouth. It is a waste of time and spoils the lead. (i) While learning to write, use ruled paper as an aid in making the strokes the right proportionate size and shape. In DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 13 actual work, however, Dougherty's Shorthand does not require lines to write on, any more than does longhand. We have practice paper for learners, specially ruled in squares like the dotted lines on page 18, which is of great advantage in learning to write the characters correctly. This paper will be sent postpaid in quantities as small as twenty- five cents' worth. (j) It is desirable to write small outlines. Small notes, closely written, afford much greater speed than too large, scat- tered notes. As a help in this direction, write on narrow pages or in narrow columns. The writing, too, will be done more easily in this way, as the hand will remain more nearly in the same position than in writing across a wide page. (k) Carefully avoid the habit of raising the pencil in the middle of words, and do not hesitate between strokes which are joined without angles, but write them with a continuous motion of the pencil. Even where there are angles, pause no longer than is necessary; and, while learning, if compelled to hesitate in the middle of a word, keep the pencil on the paper until the complete outline is formed. Angles are few in this system compared with other methods. The arrangement of the signs is such that often two or more signs will combine in a continuous stroke. In such cases, do not hesitate between the strokes, as the time lost in hesitating will probably be as much as that required to write the whole outline. As examples of such combinations we might mention k-an, ex-p, r-t, d-j, im-en, an-k, etc. (1) Where it is necessary to make angles, it is easier to make them as sharp as possible; and they will also be more legible when so written. Therefore, vary the depth of a curved stroke according to ease of joining. (m) In writing, do not try to remember how you wrote a word before. Learn instead to instantly recognize the sounds of which words are composed, and to as readily think of the characters for these sounds; in other words, depend upon your knowledge of the principles instead of memorizing word forms. The more you depend upon the principles, the greater will be your speed in writing. 14 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. (n) As a learner, shun the use of an eraser. Do not form the habit of depending upon correcting your mistakes. Do not patch up your work, but do it over and over until you have done it correctly. This applies to both Shorthand and Type- writing. If you have written a Shorthand outline incorrectly, cancel it with the pencil and rewrite it. Do not take the time to erase it, and never patch, up an outline. Do not get the idea, as a beginner, that your notebooks are to be picture books, in which every line must be carefully drawn, and that it is a disgrace to have a page show canceled notes. It is essential, in learning to write Shorthand, to overcome all tendency to form "poky" habits of thinking; and nothing will help so much to form poky habits as to waste time in patching up outlines. (o) A knowledge of punctuation, composition and gram- matical construction is essential to the best stenographic work. Treatises upon these subjects may be found in ordinary school books, and it is not deemed necessary or advisable to attempt to treat them in this work. However, as a help in acquiring a better knowledge of these branches, we would suggest careful attention, in your general reading, to the punctuation, com- position, etc. Also read aloud, making the natural pauses, and thinking of the punctuation which should be used at such pauses. In reading your Shorthand notes (while learning) compel yourself to think of the punctuation by definitely naming each punctuation mark. Thus, read: "This (comma) of course (comma) is all right (period)." (p) It is necessary to have a good knowledge of language and of business terms and methods generally, in order to be- come a thoroughly competent stenographer. Bead general literature, magazines of the day, etc. Keep a notebook always with you. In it make memoranda of words you meet, with the spelling or meaning of which you are not familiar, and at your first opportunity study them up in a dictionary or encyclopedia. (q) There is great advantage in several studying together. Different persons have their special difficulties at different points, and therefore they can help one another. Then, too, such study incites interest and emulation. If you are taking up the study alone, without a teacher, get some of your friends to join you. You can easily find several who will do this. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 15 (r) Learn to turn the leaves of your notebook without loss of time in writing. This can be done by holding the leaf with the thumb and forefinger of the left hand, moving it up gradually as you write, and turning instantly when the bottom of the page is reached. (B) Some persons may go farther than others in the way of contracting outlines, because of their more extended knowl- edge of language. Do not adopt any outlines which make your notes more difficult for you to read. Legibility is the first consideration, and with this system it is possible to make Shorthand writing fully as legible as longhand. (t) There is great advantage in judicious phrasing or combining of words in writing. The time required to carry the pencil through the air from the end of one word to the beginning of the next word is practically the same as is neces- sary to write a stroke on paper. Phrasing saves this time and effort. Besides, more words can be read at a glance, when they are phrased, because they occupy less space, and this often adds to legibility as well as speed in writing. In Dougherty's Shorthand, phrasing is, with the exception of a few arbitrary, but self-suggestive phrases, merely the joining of words without changing their form, just as words might be combined in longhand. Therefore, it is not necessary to memo- rize phrase-signs as in systems using position writing. But a word of caution may be helpful. Many students when begin- ning to phrase go to such extremes that they have difficulty in reading their notes, and becoming discouraged, thereafter avoid phrasing, thus losing the advantage resulting from judi- cious phrasing. First, phrase only words that are naturally grouped in speaking. Thus: "deprive-me of -the"; not "de- prive me-of the"; "tell-me to-go, " not "tell me-to go." Second, phrase only such words as join easily and keep close to the line of writing. Some cannot phrase safely to the extent that others can, because of limited knowledge of language, terms used, etc. Begin with a few of the common words, grad- ually phrasing more and more, according to your ability to read such combinations. Avoid all phrases which do not prove easy for you to write and read. Nothing is gained by phras- 16 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. ing when the resulting outline cannot be written without hesita- tion between words. (u) Unless they wish to deviate from, their usual rule, business men generally omit the salutation and complimentary close, dictating only what they wish to say, together with the names and addresses of the persons to whom they are writing, leaving to the stenographer the arrangement, punctuation, etc. Often they do not dictate the full addresses, but leave that to the stenographer to supply from his own knowledge, original letters, etc. The stenographer should, upon entering a new position, at once learn the rules of the office in these respects, and also familiarize himself as quickly as possible with his employer's vocabulary and with the names which he is to use frequently, especially the names of cities and of the regular correspondents of the office, so that he will ask the fewest possible questions. Most of this information may be obtained from the correspondence files or letter copy books. (v) As all the sounds are written in Dougherty's Short- hand, proper names may always be safely written, as the Short- hand outline will represent exactly what is heard. Names with which you are familiar may always be written in Shorthand. Names with which you are not familiar should always be written in longhand the first time, if the dictator spells them out for you at the time of the dictation. But do not interrupt him to get the spelling; write the name in Shorthand and get the spelling afterwards. You can write names more readily in Shorthand than in longhand, and, not being hurried so much, will write them more legibly. (w) The employer will depend upon the stenographer to straighten out muddled dictation, but the stenographer should be sure he is right before making changes, and should make them without any display of superior wisdom. Many a suc- cessful business man, owing to lack of early educational privi- leges, is deficient in some lines pertaining to letter writing, and he expects his stenographer to make up for these defects. When he finds one who can be depended upon to do this, he in willing to pay him a good salary in order to keep him. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 17 Therefore, the stenographer should acquire the ability to write a good letter. (x) There is great advantage in reading others' notes. It gives one even greater familiarity with Shorthand to read the notes of various other writers than to confine his reading to his own writing, and he will read his own notes more readily as the result of such practice. Besides, it may be worth some- thing to him sometime to be able to read readily the writing of others. Exchange books frequently with fellow students and read much from their notes. Also correspond with persons as far along with the study as you are. If possible, read actual work of writers of the system. One reason for the remarkable success of our correspondence students lies in the fact that they are compelled to read Shorthand notes written by the teacher and others, and to read them entirely by the principle without the aid of memory. (y) Write all notes for reference in Shorthand. Once form the habit of doing this and it will enable you to save much that you would otherwise lose and to make memoranda in so much less space and so much more quickly. Do all the composing you can in Shorthand. This is splendid mental drill for Shorthand work, as it will give you confidence in writing and familiarity with your notes. It will also help to overcome the tendency to be a mere machine, simply reproducing what you hear instead of following the meaning intended to be conveyed oy the dictator. The ability to do the latter is worth much to a stenographer, and nothing will help so much to give you this ability as practice in putting your thoughts into Shorthand while you think them. You will be surprised, too, to see how much use you can make of Shorthand in this way. (z) Put yourself in your employer's place, be thoughtful of his interests. Save him a penny wherever and whenever you can. Save him a minute of time wherever and however you can. Save him all the bother and anxiety you can. Do this because it is right because you owe it to your employer. But merely from the standpoint of policy, the same advice would be given. Carelessness in little things has lost many a one his position. UP STROKES uri?(eon?J JV anfiransj T* /? Th ime r ^ ^ X ^ ^ i DOWN vSTROKES P ^ J L in ^ Jen G JMT > i ' & IS / \ \ / % I ^ HORIZONTA.LS D J moo} WA CA TAr fffl s-\ v -1. / ' CIRCLES c? ? O dW O o O O O HALF CIRCLES ^T ^t ^"i jf . f\ w C ) ABOVE-THE-LINE SIONS Pro ' Con Col Cor ^eseGk&ecSJzfiess&ow Me frojyoz^iofiak sizes of $e signs ^F'^. !^^:i^:l^f^i:bf?7.[ ^.T^^v^^^'h'.ii'/J.y^.NI'y-^i .>:>;< i .' .'.:'.: . '.'.". . '.-. :.!'. ': ;.'.! .'..'.'.. I j .'.'. ';'.'/- .": _ .".":".":.. "'.".": ." .''..":"..":"/.' ."I : ."i. '."! DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 19 INTRODUCTORY LESSON. Shorthand is a method of recording speech. The phonograph makes a record of speech for the ear, Ordinary longhand and print make a record of speech for the eye. Shorthand, like long-hand and print, makes a record of speech for the eye. To make a record for the eye we must have pictures (or signs) for the sounds which are combined to make up words. Thus, in the word "cat" we have three sound pic- tures or signs because we have three sounds in the word. cat In this word, as in most others, each soundsign is a single letter. But the number of letters does not by any means determine the number of soundsigns in a word, for in very many words several letters are used to form one soundsign. Thus, in the word "though" there are six letters, yet there are only two sound- signs th ough because there are only two sounds in the word, and we have soundsigns only for the actual sounds. The two letters "th," in this case, form one soundsign, and the four letters "ough" form another soundsign. 20 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. Keep in mind, then, that in ordinary longhand or print the various sounds of language are represented by soundsigns. And the same is equally true of this Shorthand. In longhand and print, however, the same sound is not always represented by the same sign. Thus, in the word "beau" we have two soundsigns b eau In this ease the "eau" is a soundsign for exactly the same sound as that represented by "ough" in the word "though." In the word "door" there are three soundsigns d oo r In this ease the soundsign "oo" is used to represent ex- actly the same sound as was represented by "ough" in "though" and "eau" in "beau." In the word "oar" there are two soundsigns oa r The first of these two signs represents exactly the same sound as is represented by the soundsigns "ough" in "though," "eau" in "beau" and "oo" in door." This shorthand is simpler than longhand in that it uses the same soundsigns always for the same sounds. as will be seen in the following examples : (You will readily see that each of the words is pre- DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND, 21 cisely the same in the three forms except that the soundsigns are of different shapes in the various forms.) o de * ode th ough = though ^ vu>- A, = fr JbGUUS sss sfatOUUU I -^ I * d f oe = ^foe d oo r = door S s . , /r >&j iyry As = x5L^o^/ ~\ ** o s - sff pole pole oa r ^ oar (Only the actual sounds are represented in Short- hand.) In the following exercise the words are separated into their soundsigns. Study these carefully, pronounc- ing them until you readily recognize each letter, or group of letters, as it stands by itself, as a sign for one sound: b oa t P i le m a te f ee 1 r se P i 11 K e m f e 11 f u se f i t c a 11 k ee P t 00 1 d i P e gg kn ee 1 00 se r be e bb f e d r u de P ea 1 c u t P i t K a te w i de 1 a te d a te m a de r b m a sh d ea 1 f a d m a t d i ne w i sh 22 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 1 oa n p ie ce b ea eh v a 11 ey h aii 1 ch ew r ou t c augh t S au 1 ch oo se y o ke f ough t c u te f ee d v a le f ie n d s ui t a che wh at ph y s i c cz ar kn o t rinds ough t s ea t gn a t f i n d wr ough t s ie ge 1 ieu sh ou Id wr e ck f ew b uoy w eigh t m o s que f eu d j oi n la tch phth i s i s wh y gh o s t p a teh d i a 1 o gue w a de s t u ff sh a pe g o ph er w a Ik th ey ph a se r e p r ie ve r ea ch b ui 1 d t ou gh w eigh t ed Copy the following list of words, separating them into their soundsigns, as we did with the preceding list, and submit for correction and suggestions: cheat liege life chip wide talk wrap called fill wise cap sneeze neat knead due army wheat prey yoke cute Amy cat caught wrinkle cut kit feel rough peach bead real phantom tack back pew phthisic chill ties cape pneumonia knee gnu what cough which tray yes gnash Kate cot cost knack kite fell file gnaw Like what one soundsign is the sound of "gh" in "rough"? "ph" in "Ralph"? "phth" in "phthisic"? "gn" in "gnaw"? "pn" in "pneumatic"? "gh" in "ghost"? "ough" in "dough"? "ough" in "fought"? Do no writing of shorthand till you take up the next lesson. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. LESSON I. From the Introductory Lesson you have learned that there is a soundsign for each sound. You have also learned that, unlike longhand and print, Shorthand uses the same soundsigns for the same sounds, regard- less of the ordinary spelling of words no matter how many letters may be used for a sound in the longhand or printed forms of words. You have also seen some Shorthand words and have seen how the Shorthand soundsigns are written to- gether, joined in the easiest way, to form words. To keep the outlines near the base line, it is neces- sary to write some of the strokes up and some down, just as we do in longhand. Eight of the soundsigns are always written upward, and these are the only signs that are ever written upward. If you will first get these up-strokes thoroughly in mind, you will find it easier to memorize the others. The up-strokes are shown here, numbered for refer- ence and placed in dotted squares just to show more plainly the relative sizes of the signs. 12 34 S6T8 Take a good look at these signs, noting them in the order here given, as indicated by the figures above the signs. 24 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. (The dotted lines are used merely to show the rel- ative sizes, slant, heights, widths, etc. For convenience we speak of heights and widths in "spaces." Thus, the first of these signs is two spaces high and three spaces wide.) Now, referring to the above diagram, study the signs, as you answer the following questions about them: How many curved up-strokes? How many straight strokes written up? How do the signs numbered 1 and 2 differ? In what respect are they alike? How do 3 and 4 differ? In what respect are they alike ? What is the difference between 5 and 6? Between 7 and 5 in height, in width? In what direction is 8 written? How many different heights of strokes? How much higher are 1, 3, 5, than the others? How much wider is 7 than 6? than 4? than 2? What is the difference between 1 and 3? between 2 and 4? between 6 and 4? Cover up the diagram and answer the foregoing questions as far as possible from memory. Finally, depending entirely upon memory, drill on these until you have formed a very vivid picture of every one of the strokes, in the order in which they are shown above, noting the heights arid widths in "spaces.*' Now let us learn what sounds these signs represent. Let the foregoing rest for a moment while we take a good look at this jingle (which is merely a memory help, like the familiar jingle "Thirty days Lath Sep- tember, April, June, and November," etc.) : DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 25 C ome, N an, t ake R ay th e d ime Now cover up the jingle and repeat it from memory ; ; again ; again. Now say it backwards; again; again; again; again; again and again. Get this in mind so that you can repeat it readily, either forwards or backwards. Did you notice what letters were underscored in each word? If not, take another good look at the jingle. Now cover up the jingle and tell me what letters are underscored in the word "come;" in the word "Nan;" in the word "take;" in the word "Ray;" in the word "the;" in the word "dime" think twice before an- swering. How many different letters or groups of letters are underscored in the whole jingle? (Eight just as many as there are shorthand up-strokes.) Now, each of these underscored letters or groups of letters forms a key to the Shorthand signs in the group of up-strokes. The first sound in the word "come" is the sound rep- resented by the Shorthand sign numbered 1. (This is tho same sound as that represented by "R" in kite.) The second group of letters ("ome," that is "um") is the same as the second Shorthand sign; etc., etc. Now cover both the jingles and the Shorthand) signs and answer the following questions: Signs 1 and 2 make what word? 3 and 4? 5 and 4? (t-an) 6 and 4? (r-an) 7 and 4? 7 and 2? 1 and 4? 6 and 2? 6 and 8? 5 and 8? 3 and 2? 4 and 2? 5, 4 and 1? 6, 4 and 1? 4 and 5? 1, 6 and 8? 7, 4 and 1? 1, 6, 4 and 1? 26 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. WRITING. Before writing any, trace the signs on page 2 with a dry pen or pointed stick; trace the eight signs, one after the other, going over the list in this way at least one hundred times, 'being sure to trace each sign up- ward and think of its sound each time you trace the sign. In learning to write Shorthand, use the specially ruled paper, on which, you will note, the spaces are marked by the ruled lines, as they are by the dotted lines in the printed diagram of the alphabet. This ruled paper is used only in learning; Dougherty's Shorthand is as easily written on unruled paper as is longhand. Write the first sign a few times ; (think of its sound every time you write it.) Start this sign with a straight-upward stroke; that will make it easier to write it with a good curve. Stop now and compare with the copy. Is each one the right shape? Is it the right height? The right width? (How many spaces?) Is the curve deep and uniform? If not, try to improve it. Write again ten times. Are they all exactly the same size and shape the same height ? The same width ? Avoid the tendency to draw rather than to write. Write twenty of this same sign, as fast as you can write but not carelessly; make them all as nearly the right shape and uniform size as you can rapidly. Do not make them like these: But like these : DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 27 But keep in mind that the important thing is to learn to write Shorthand; anyone, by taking his time to it, can draw the signs and get them of good shape. Spend much time in practicing on this one sign it will help you in writing every other sign. Take the next sign just half as high. Think of the sound every time you write the sign. Practice on it exactly as you did with the first sign, watching very carefully to see that you get the strokes all of uniform size and of proper shape. Keep in mind that the value of these signs depends upon their relative size just as in longhand the same sign may be either "e" or "1," according to its size in proportion to the other letters. Now write rapidly, but as accurately as possible, the two signs together, thus : Practice on these until you can write 100 a minute. and make them all of good shape and uniform size. In all of your practicing on the soundsigns, think of the sound as you write the sign, so that you will thor- oughly associate the sounds with the signs; do not make the practicing merely a mechanical act; such practice might give you the ability to write the signs, but that is only half of the result desired, for it is even more important that you learn to make the signs so they will represent to the eye the proper sounds with- out the least hesitation. Take the third sign alone, in the same way as you did the first. Take the fourth sign alone, in the same way you did the first. 28 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. Now take the third and fourth together, in the same way that you did with the first and second, thus : Take the first four signs together, thus : This is a little harder than one at a time; but prac- tice on it till it becomes easy. Watch the relative heights and widths ; you are form- ing 1 habits get the right habits in the very start. Practice on the first straight line as you did the others. Then on the second straight line. Then on the third straight line; (be sure you get this the right height and width). Then the fourth straight line; (be sure to write it upward). Then the four straight lines together, thus: Then the eight up-strokes; (be sure to write every one upward every time) thus : Here are a few words as they are ordinarily written, Think of the sound every time you write a sign. In words, the soundsigns are written -one after the other, as the corresponding sounds are pronounced in speaking the words, and are joined in the easiest way. and the same words broken up into their sounds to show of what signs they are composed : DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 29 can (c an) thumb (th um) rhyme (r ime) numb (n um) an k) *king (k ing) f~ annum (an um) *ringing (r ing ing) In the first few lessons, do not join the signs, but write separately as shown in the above examples. Writ- ing them separately in this way, furnishes fine drill. It trains one to break up words into their sounds. It also drills one in recognizing the separate signs. Then, too. it gives better writing practice on the separate signs than by joining them in words from the first. (Every sign in these words is always written up- ward.) Writing Exercise. come time Nan rhyme than can ran tan numb cant tank thumb rant rank thank ant rum annum *king *ring * thing Bringing *tanning *ranting *thanking "Indicate "ing" by writing a dot under the end of the pre- ceding sign; or begin the next sign there; in "ing ing", the second "ing" dot goes under the first "ing" dot. 30 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. Reading Exercise. In reading the shorthand words, note that each sep- arate stroke or different curve is a distinct soundsign. as illustrated in the foregoing examples. A WORD ABOUT PRACTICE. The ability to write Shorthand well means skill. Skill is acquired only by practice "Practice makes perfect." To become extra skillful requires very much practice more than some students are willing to give. Some students acquire this skill with less effort than others. But however apt you may be, this rule will apply to you: The quickest way to acquire skill is to go slowly enough at first to LEARN THOR- OUGHLY EACH STEP AS YOU GO. You must learn it somewhere along the course. It is better by far to take enough time to thoroughly learn each principle as you take it up. Skill in writing shorthand comes only from thor- ough familiarity with the principles 'and repetition Write each exercise carefully till you get every word exactly right without any hesitation ; then write it DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 31 many times to make sure that you can think it like lightning and can make the signs correctly as fast as you can think them. If you can write a certain exercise absolutely with- out error the first time you try, and write it at the rate of ten words a minute, it shows that you are familiar with the principles to a certain extent. But if you can write the same exercise at the rate of twenty-five words a minute, you surely know those principles very much better. Speed in writing is nothing unless the notes are ac- curately written ; but accurate outlines, rapidly writ- ten, are what you are striving for. So as an indication of what you may do, we suggest with each lesson the number of words a minute you should be able to write before leaving that exercise. This speed naturally in- creases as the student advances with the course. Develop your memory while acquiring familiarity with the principles by following this plan: Read as many words of the exercise as you can remember ; then write them before looking back to the exercise. Each time you go over the exercise try to remember more words than you did before. In this way you will grad- ually acquire the ability to hold in mind a large num- ber of words, and that will eventually add very great- ly to your skill as a stenographer. The General Principles are introduced gradually in the lessons, but are repeated in the back of the book, in form for ready reference. They are in six sections, numbered I, II, III. IV, V and VI, and the paragraphs are numbered with arabic numerals. Throughout the hook these paragraphs are referred to by number Look them up as suggested, on pages 154 to Ififl. 32 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. LESSON II. *QUIZ. How is "ing" indicated? "inging"? When is "line" written downward? What is the difference between the shorthand signs for "C" as in "oat" and "K" as in "kite"! Why is it necessary to write the exercises many times? How will the developing of your memory add to your shorthand speed? In what three respects is it better at first to practice by writing words without joining the soundsigns? What suggestion was made in the last lesson for developing the memory in connection with your shorthand work? Here are the only curved strokes which are written downward : _ _ W '| /- Study paragraphs 8 to 13 of the General Principles. **Soo paragraph 6 of the General Principles. 40 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. Wordsigns. The soundsigns are used arbitrarily for certain com- plete words, and when so used are called "wordsigns". Wordsigns are used only for these words, or words derived from them. A combination soundsign is used for that combination of sounds wherever it occurs. Thus " "^ " as a soundsign for "for" is used for "for" wherever it is found, as in "form", but the same sign as a wordsign for "far" is not used for "far" in "farm". The complete list of wordsigns is given in division VI of the General Principles. Refer to that list for the following wordsigns, which are used in this lesson: look to my like go me know must on Reading Exercises. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 41 X 42 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. X '- V, \ j / ' ^ DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 43 LESSON IV. QUIZ. Wtaat is the difference in the shape of long "e" and long "i"? What is used for "un", and where is it so used? How is "y" represented at the beginning of a syllable, as in "yet"? Why? How at the end of a syllable as in "my" or "Amy"? What is the difference between the sound of "ea" in "each" and that of "e" in "me"? What is the difference between the sound of "o" in "oven" or "other" and that of "u" in "utter"? How is each repre- sented? What is the difference between "on" in "ton" or "onion" and "un" in "run" or "under"? What is the sound of "ean" in "meant"? How may "ing" in "cun- ningly" be indicated? How would you know whether /I- is "right" or "write"? (How would you know it from hear- ing the word spoken?) How would you know the word "bow" in ordinary print? Why would not the sign v_ be used in the word "combine"? What is the difference between a soundsign and a wordsign? Write a list (from memory) of the wordsigns given so far. Drill, drill, drill on these word- signs. The horizontal strokes: Notice the width, etc., of these signs, so as to get a good .picture of them in mind before learning what each sign stands for. Then study the jingle: D o j ust wh at we ch oose Note the underscored letters as before, and depend- ing entirely upon memory, associate them with the signs. Note that "WH" is simply the combination of W and H. The dot is H. It is written in the same way a long- 44 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. hand dot is made, by simply touching the pencil to the paper. It is written beside and close to the beginning of the next sign: v -, -^ {/ 1> The sound of "W" is the same as long "oo". For short "oo" make the sign smaller (-). D and J may vary in depth, according to convenience of joining in different words. Do not make an angle at the bottom of the "CH", but round it off, making the two sides parallel and close together: 0 - * /" "O M v ./. \ _ \ ' ^ x - DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. . -7 x V x "to" ^ "be" * x _^- \ - \ , s 'O ^- X n/ -f 9, \ . . \ ")s \ 56 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. ? . /& . o O , o \ I O^s x \ O^- ->-.^ V* ^-s*^? ^ xo? _-/ DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. x s-^ a .\/x. O . . y d . ^ Study paragraph 7 of the General Principles. For convenience we shall refer to the different forms of "S" in the order shown above, as "first S",( r\ ), "second S" ( u ), and "third S", ( C ). Third "S" is used for the sound-combination "so". R2 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 1 '&- 'V-s was is sure Wordsigns. should far else just long length noney ! ;\m DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 63 w , , _X> w I > i /"/ ? i ^ j V. ^r > X a e, x VJ / ? e, 64 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. o a--" o Q--' /^ - 1 ^^ X ._ .. ? \ x ^ L I L o ^ o ^r ? / \x ^ 1 x / \ ' \ / I/I DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 65 r x x _ \ .9 v* Ofi DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. Writing Exercise. Except for "so", use the first S in the following ex ercises. After writing the following words, read your work carefully five times or more, as instructed in Lesson III. Then if there be any errors, write each corrected word at least 25 times. (Do not join the signs yet.) see seizing swing case seer tease swinging cats seem hides sneers digs seen heeds oats seeds seek prize verges fees sees sprig Hughes notes sigh ease sack hustle sire verbs mice dates size hods cheers sale side hacks chess days cider hose eaters verse sin house nice sun shin hogs niece sunk sing shy nicely sunder singing sad shun sunburn sinking sadly wish Sunday seeking she rugs sober seize cheese seed soberly sling shoe cedars sewed heeds such sod soak ship sight sawed soap sheep unsightly cypher soar sheet insight rise sole sink mush terse sold sheaf piece wishing soldier lies seats pugs solo ties sheik safe soda tries pies tersely slain rush spire sap Spain DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 67 so-so soapy solar sound sweetly slowly force sewing soaking skimminj spring shove coats trice grease cries fish *fichu *tissue shape rose quires dish homes squirm squirrel crease increase knees wires compass fates sham shrew seat sharp sulphur deceit compose cots perverse compress hoes churns compassion lease purse commerce shale gears transpose iurns push transposal purges bush impose dries sup transgress ears express transgression sign curse transmission design waits transaction cheats wakes foresee shriek spurs foreseen surge squawk foresight serf squash skim vice squeal slim shade squeeze whimsy side sort embrace beside endorse empress inside horse emprise decide harsh silently jeers parse composing cities Morse comprising yes sauce sundering yells saucer sane spear farce insane squire south insanely boats song *Long "oo" rather than long "u 1 68 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. LESSON VIII. QUIZ. What two things are always true of "sh"? How are "z" and "zh" written? (See paragraph 7.) When is "sh" written upward? What is the soundsign for "so"? For what words are half circles used as wordsigns? In words like "singer", "wringer", etc., how is the "ing" indicated? Which form of "s" is similar in shape to "D"? "J"? Write from memory all the wordsigns so far presented. Study paragraphs 16 and 17. No sign may be enlarged which would, if enlarged, be exactly like another soundsign. Thus, long "e" en- larged would be like "B" and so may not be length- ened; "Ch" and long "u" may be lengthened, because when enlarged they are not like any other soundsigns. The "T" length of a down stroke rests on the base line, but begins one space higher than the normal length, in order to give it the added size. The "L" length of a down stroke begins at the same height as the "T" length, but runs down through the line in order to give it the increased length. This makes one space difference between each two sizes. Up-strokes, all sizes, begin on the base line. There should be more difference in the sizes of the horizontal strokes than is necessary with up and down strokes, as there is a greater tendency to unduly length- en them in rapid writing. It is, however, necessary to make only enough difference in the various sizes to enable them to be readily distinguished. Before commencing to practice on these exercises. study the different sizes of the various signs, as illus- trated in the following examples. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. j .-L _ i -l.'-'-l i j. 1 .'5Zi&v-:.'..-i?(^ii ( i ' >--< j iT< j j ___' .<.<_> >j. i j .j-L _ i -l.'-'-l i j. 1 .'^5Zi c &v-:.'.\.-^is?3/(^ii ( i ' >-)-< j i/T< j j ___' .<.<_> >j. i j. .1 1 1 .Vi St-'-li i i -TXiK'- >-\<-'-'./?7:'.>/..i-Li j -f-'-V^ -'-LM-'-j. '-O^t&fy^ ... 1 1 rL'-^S^jSJ\J.J : i -'_\-'-V'_'A- i X_'^ Wordsigns. short not it great knowledge it would glad close it will general to the ^/^j*<> \ } DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 71 f I / \ v-^V / ^-*^ r* s /J) S\^~^ W */ O J^S X <^i ^^ro.y. '^ f // s^ ^ l\ /-i __ Q. x _?<7\>^ ^ ? /^ \ Q^ x <<^ x'V s -" ^-^ ^! A ^ o O \ 1 X s L I X ST* v_^ ^^ * 6 ,j ' ~^~ OyX ^ o ; 72 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. O"~ Q-3 X <5? 1 Q/ ~o\ X 'v->! / v o ^X '9-^^ /I X '^ 2 /^"^^ _ Q / a-- . 3 >x u ^. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 73 Writing Exercise. After writing the following words, read your work carefully five times or more, as instructed in Lesson III. Then if there be any errors, write each corrected word at least 25 times. (Do not join the signs.) blew blow blink blank blot blown bloom table Bible Mabel rumble fumble blur blurred blurt stable stumble crumble gobble tumble blade % flew flat flake rifle baffle raffle trifle flinch ply class midst plight clean total plot clod local play clinch battle fiurry tingling bottle plead glancing fatal rifling clock cattle pleading clog Myrtle apple cloak fertile plan clothe eternal plum clap external plum cake clerk extra plump clime rnle maple client tool rumple clove fool plank clover towel glow clear owl gloom clearness cruel glaze clinching idle gloss clothing needles eagle cleaning *need I ' \ / . ^ / > DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 75 LESSON IX. QUIZ. How and when may "T" and "L" be indicated in- stead of written? Which is larger the "L" length or the "T" length? May short "e" be enlarged? Why not! "CH"? Why? First "8"? Second "S"f Why not? Third "8"? Why? How much difference should there be in the various sizes? Write from memory all the wordsigns so far given. pro (por) con (coun) col (qnal) cor (c8r) / \ - I Study these signs intently, to get the forms thor- oughly in mind. These four combination soundsigns are like the dot of the longhand "i" and the cross on the longhand "t" in that they are never written on the base line. They are joined when convenient. providing the outline is legible. They may be shaded and lengthened, the same as other signs. Reading Exercises. 76 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. ^ -~G^.>. * \-^,X^ ~*-, i \, ^ r x /"> o \ \ ^^ "^\^ JC~.<-^A^^^ _^ _> c \^\Q^ X ^^ u ^~^ ^^ ^ / C-X> I -- d -^ - ' x vx ^ -Sii _ 3 y . ^v. xX- _ ^ \ x ^^,^<^,c/\/_^^Xy DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 77 A 78 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND Writing Exercise. After writing the following words, read your work carefully five times or more, as instructed in Lesson III. Then, if there be any errors, write each corrected word at least 25 times. (Be sure to keep the four new signs above the base line.) (Do not join the signs yet.) proceed concrete collect concede prosper collects profess prostrate correct confess consider conjure profuse conspire confident confuse conference portrait produce confide condemn conduce convene proposal protract provide prorats contract prophesy cartoon profound condense accord confound proceeding corrects progress progressing collide congress condensing considering proffer portray conspiring confer promote accounting province pronoun encountering convince pronounce collecting prove prohibit collision proof portion collapse prudent *count collate prudence account car prudently counter card counsel encounter course consent column cork proverb colony corn process collar cornet equally scholar Carl As the " t" is in the same syllable with "coun," lengthen "coun" to add "t". DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 79 carp carbon fr *iraprove carpenter prophecy **improper port accountant improperly report colonnade impropriety porter propound * important reporter context improvision transport concave **imprudent transports convex **inconcrete connect converse ***inconstant protect propel inconsistent propose collapsible inconvertible contrite cardinal inconsiderate contradict Cornell inconvenient controversy **improvise progressiveness corroborate im provided **"Im" in the "pro" position (above the line) will sug- gest "impro" ("impor"). ***"Tn" in the "con" position will suggest "incon". 80 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND LESSON X. QUIZ. What font signs are always written above the line! When are these joined? Would "cor" be joined to "B"f "Pro" to "G"? Why not? May these signs be shaded to add "er" or lengthened to add "t"? How may "impro" be represented with one sign? "Incon"? Is "pro" in "prove" written the same as "pro" in "proceed"? Is "por" lengthened in "port"? Why? JOINING THE SIGNS. You have had a great deal of drill np to this point on all the shorthand signs themselves, and in fact on practically all of the shorthand principles. You have also had much drill in breaking up words into their sounds, and you should by this time be able to readily associate the signs with their sounds. Now, we will take up the joining of the signs in words. This will be easy, as you know how to write the signs separately. In the older shorthand methods the same outline represents different things if written in different posi- tions, above, on or below the base line. But Dough- erty's Shorthand is exactly like longhand in the fact that the outlines mean exactly the same, wherever they are written. In other words, in the Dougherty system the meaning of any outline depends entirely upon its shape not at all upon its position. As in longhand, for the sake of uniformity of outline, the first stroke of a word rests on the line. If it be a down stroke, it ends on the base line; if an up stroke, it begins at the base line. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 81 Thus, in the word "buy", "B" is the first stroke and ends on the base line, and from that point the "i" is written without lifting the pencil downwards, of course, as the "i" is always written downwards. In the word "tie" the "t" begins at the base line, goes up two spaces, and, without lifting the pencil, the "i" is written downward one space. For the sizes of the lengthened strokes, study the diagram in Lesson VIII. Hooks and circles are not considered strokes and so do not rest on the base line. Thus, in the word "spy", the first stroke is "P", not the "S" hook. In "apt", the first stroke is "PT", not the short "a" circle; in "oak" it is "K", not the long "o" circle. Writing Exercise. After writing the entire list once, read it carefully five times, noting every sign. When you are sure you have every word exactly right, make at least ten cor- rect copies of the entire list. Do not leave this exer- cise until you can write it accurately in eight minutes or less or at an average of twenty words a minute. buy lee dying *boot pie leer died *loot lie lead dried * fruit die le-ading deed flute fie leader loom food vying leaf loop fool why life boom tool heed liven booming * jewel hide lied broom stool whiten wife deem dream "Enlarge "oo" to add "T"; make it longer for "ool". DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND dreaming bend men frying pool veer dinner briar dual gem winner fling ghoul idle weed empire shoe idling weeding pride shoot eagle weeder chew (oo) moot ply wide friar brute fly hinder liar bin flying wider dry din flew shy grin fin plea shied ill gin (jin) pleiad sheet edge pin pleading chief egg win glue chide ebb wind glued chin etch eager mood bird etching eagerly bloom buyer pried widely blooming fire verb church gloom mire proverb chirp bluing jeer proper churl furl peer confer inch blur deair proffer stride flurry wire provide strew blurred dire so-berly stifle pen lyre blunder pinch den were pension lynch when fear former chinch pending we 're providing Ben lend weird lurch bench wend pry pearl DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND Reading Exercise. 83 Before studying this reading exercise, study para- graphs 12, 21 and 22 of the General Principles and keep them in mind as you read the shorthand. 84 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND \ *. y - O W x. Q C -? /\ - y\ Q -- . s ? __ > T.-P V "" J V. .^x- /; ^p \, , ^~ DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 85 Write to Dan. Turn the crank. Was he there? Call for them. Hear him read. Run to them. Go to church. Call the porter. Ring them up. Turn the counter. Write the card. Call him up. Confer with ham. Do not cry . We should go. Look upon it. He is ill. Prove the problem. Console the porter. I like pie. We must go. 1 know him. Go to him. Was he glad? We are glad. Go with them. Be on time. Go any time. We were there. Must we go? T believe him. The wind blew. Come any time. Thank the men. Go to dinner. The tinner died. Improve the cartoon. Heat the glue. Can he write? Burn the weed. Buy the shingle. He was dreaming. Thank tihe general. Buy good things. Enter the car. I know them. Many have gone. Stand by them. Look at them. Where is he? Look at me. Have them go. Many were there. He is idle. The fool died. The eagle flew. The pink bloomed. Strive to excel. Plead with them. Ts he hurt? Ride the steed. Do not reply. 86 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND LESSON XI. QUIZ. How are the soundsigns joined to make words? On what does the meaning of an outline depend? Where should an up-stroke begin if written alone? A down-stroke? In words, where should the first stroke rest? What part of an up-stroke rests on the line? A down-stroke? Are hooks and circles strokes? Do hooks and circles rest on the base line? In writ- ing the word "apple", for instance, where would the circle be written? Where would you write the "S" hook in the word "splash"? Do you see any reason for writing hooks and cir- cles in this way? In what three words do we enlarge long "i"? What reason for doing so? How do we indicate "th", "rd", etc., in numbers? What is used as a phrase for "Dear Sir" at the beginning of a letter? "Yours truly" at the end of a letter? (See paragraph 26 of the General Principles.) perch console stoop imprudent purge emblem expire stride word pier stupor shingle wording under strew stir worm mingle gem deport firm soap proof expert firmer social collar expire girl vim colony expend gird mention prove extent girder ferment card extinct birch ford port exempt French lunch porter eat friend jerk sober eater friendly Forward blurred either germ (for'd) improved utter perjure condemn reproved other injure collide improperly (uther) ford London console another infer problem prudent 90 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND LESSON XII. QUIZ. How may "ch" be written alongside of "M" ao as not to look like an "S" hook! If an " above-the-line " sign does not join easily or legibly with another sign, how should it be written? When would you lengthen the "coun" sign to indicate "t"? Would "coun" be lengthened in "county"! Why do we not join the "cor" sign to "B" or "P" as in "carbon" or "carp"? Writing Exercises. churn forthcoming thy churning mansion tea convene concrete tree plum column thee plumber stern knee plump stand tire frank streak tin prank constant kin dint standard ten dent pint ken winter printer rum intent uncommon thumb Jean rye thump sojourn ride numb pennant right rumble cheat rife tangle cheek rifle wrangle cheeky Rhine tumble dime tie comply lime tide tumbler prime tidal reading grime tine reader learn kite reef learning key wreath foreman write thunder uncle tied rider soaked keen writhe tired need needing neat neater neither curt complete kindle rink tinker tension tinder tender nearly render thief trimmer cool cooler transform rule ruler ruling Turk turkey turn DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 91 turning room angler Clyde curl rude needle clinch eurlL-g tomb keener cling term toot can clump crank tutor tan tremble keyed cry ran tension knife creed than intention kine carpenter Nan tannin rhyme Crete rank tinkle crime try tank transpire wrench treed tinner temper trench trying tanner teach "runch trite tanning leach cringe treat crumb clinging transport tried crumple report thigh trifle complied reporter near anger climbing transient tear angle cleat transcendent We do not know them. I can fly the kite. I must write to Jim. Most men eat good candy. John is in the rink. Look not upon the wine. Buy the drum for Lynn. We must burn the tree. I must try to write. We must extend the time. Ben should light the fire. T must bring the bundle. The men like to eat. Go bring the tin pan. He can tie the loop. The pen blurred the ink. Can Dan fly the kite? We are eating the pie. The kite was flying high. I can eat the food. Carl can write to Dan. London is wide and long. Can Carl stir the tea? John must be quite shrewd. The street was quite wide. The French girl can read. He can come to dinner. Most of them have gone. I am in a hurry. Dan can lead the chief. He wan jeering the man. Can Glenn work the problem? The girl is very shy. Must we go to church? T should be on time. It is quite like him. He is in the car. I think it will do. He is a kind man. Can Earl improve the 92 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND work? 1 can plant the corn. He collided with a car. I can buy good pie. Clinton is in the street. Fling the banner to the wind. The general is in the bank. The mink can eat the hen. The men are not known here. The gerr is in the mansion. The tinner is in the rink. The plum is worth the dime. The eagle is in the tree. The man is in the church. He was in the birch tree. The girl went for the soap. Do Nan and Dan eat lunch? Can Bert shoot a blue bird? The flirt is in a plight. The eagle flew into the fire. The egg is on the stool. I can hear the bird chirping. I can buy the white shoe. The man is in the pen. Can Clyde fly to the moon? The work was very properly done. The thief is in the bank. The girl cried for the candy. Uncle Dan can turn the crank. The dirk is in the dirt. The idle girl can eat the peach. Dan is trying to fly the kite. I can provide the money we need. Ben blew a leaf into the pan. We do not provide food for the men. Lend me a pen to write the word. The man can write to the other men. Ethel and another girl are eating the bun. We must learn to write shorthand in the winter. Neither workman is working on the pump. My friend from New York called on me the other forenoon Reading Exercises C^ 0-- CLj X / ^ V O* DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 93 -~\ 94 LESSON XIII. As explained in paragraph 24 of the General Prin- ciples, the short sounds of "e," "i" and "u" are usually omitted in the middle of words not at the beginning or end of words. Think of these sounds just as definitely as though you were going to write them but go on without writing them. Thus, in writing the word "buff" think "bu" as you write the first stroke and "f" as you write the next stroke. Think of them by their sounds, not by their names. In reading, remember where a vowel has been omit- ted in the writing and is to be supplied in the reading, it must be one of these three sounds, as no others are ever omitted. The sense of the sentence will readily show which word is intended in eases where more than one of the three vowels would make a word. Thus: "This is a better pencil than that;" "She was churn- ing the butter;" you would not use "bitter" or "butter" in the first sentence, or "bitter" or better'' in the second sentence. This is exactly the same as in reading the longhand word "bow." You cannot tell whether it is "bow" as in "rainbow" or "bow" of a boat, until you see it in a sentence. But when you read "James made a bow to the audience," or "He has a bow and arrow," you know exactly how to read the word. So it is in shorthand. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 95 Writing Exercises. bed picked **quantity push pig tick *qualify vertical big ticket **quality regiment rub tickle repel bit rubber peck redeem bitter rib fickle writ exhibit bread muffle written mit rug ruffle return transmit lip ripple retain fit leg rebel demur fitted bug double kill pet lug wiggle till putty Shift wriggle well merit plush rugged quick but shell grudge pill button foolish gruff filler butter will ruffian chill rebut quill bereft children wet quilt vigor pillar wetter tranquil refer dell gutter tranquility defer dealt pit bidder differ weld pity lid definite welt pitiful drug indefinite filter multiply drudge defect bewilder project puff difficult melt stupid red deter stubble ***luck dub determine struggler ***luekv middle debt film ***Hck ' pick debtor pilfer ***liquor picket *quandary cult licked "con" for "quan"; "col " for "qual". 'Lengthen "con" for " quant"; lengthen "col" "qualt." ***Notice that "L" spaces wide. With " K ' swing over the top of ' the beginning of "L". for is two spaces wide and " K " thr ' beginning at the end of " L " it will L", ending one space to the right f 96 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND Dig a ditch. Anything will do. Deliver the bundle, We met them. Will is very portly. Can Dick read well? Learn to do well. Tell John to go. Must we tell them? He sold his cornet. It is counterfeit money. Willard is a winner. He will probably go. Carl is in college. The proprietor was prompt. The plush is blue. It is quite muddy. Dick sold his muffler. I like rich milk. Count the ruddy children. Evelyn went to church. John upset the fudge. The prodigal has returned. It is quite improbable. Ethel was quite bewildered. Fill up the ditch. It is a humbug. Where is the well? Dick drew a cartoon. We are quite well. His conduct was improper. Go give it to him. Is he a just judge? I must go to bed. Do tell me a rhyme. He will shovel the dirt. We will read the booklet. Can Clyde lift the bucket? We must eat dinner quick- ly. Fred is ready to go. The cartoon was quite promi- nent. Lift up the big jug. The pink is quite pretty. Get the butter for Myrtle. Willard can dig a well. We must remit the money. The collar is very big. I can eat a pickle. Mildred drew a vertical line. Richard will protect the children. Frederick felt quite puffed up. The leather is quite tough. Do you relish the food? Fred struggled to get free. Mildred stum- bled and fell. Lillian felt quite blue. We will return the felt. We expect to dig a well. The rough man is a beggar. The duck ran through the mud. He fell into a mud puddle. Put the cover on the bucket. The villain lived in the village. The miller is in the mill. The preacher is in the pulpit. Permit me to settle the bill. Willard will sit on the bench. The river bed is quite level. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 97 98 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND LESSON XIV. QUIZ. How are short "e", "i" and "u" written in the middle of words? How distinguish, then, between words which would have similar outlines, as "lit" and "let"? How would you know what is meant by the word "bow" in ordinary print? Or "lead"? When you hear one say "bloo", how do you know what word is intended? What signs would you lengthen to make "quant" and "qualt"? How should "K" be written when joined to "L", as in "luck"? Why? Writing Exercises. construct setter expel nourishment judgment setting excellent transmitted edify settle expect collect shuffle settling expedite connect Egyptian reset experiment correct prodigal sit equal nothing timid deficit equally (nu-thing) finish transit equality cornet banish except steadily Cornell set (ex-ept) bevel inconvertible upset excel nourish cardinal Do not collide with the car. He will fill up the pit. I will tell Edith to come. He will call for the women. The work was very properly done. The banner flut- tered in the wind. It is no longer an experiment. Fred can write Edith a letter. Fred threw the pebble into the river. I wish to bid on the building. The girl wept when her pig died. The men are building the big bridge. I wish you would collect the bill. The big ship is in the port. Did Dick and Fred like to study shorthand? I can shovel the dirt into the pit. B. 0. BAKER LAWTfiR PAJLUS, DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND O L / ^ 0. -^ ^ X ^ 99 3 C-^J- \ ^ ~6 ^) X J ^^S" 37 " * L .. 4-6 s~ nyZ-f // x*-**v/ /3~~ ^ Q?f V- 7^x S 100 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND Z-N ? _D ?_JD C ? i ~xt i (X ?. I \ 'X /^/x^-^si . / C K v ^-** Vy\ ^_ 7 ' 'C 101 X __ -'V* > 102 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND LESSON XV. As explained in paragraphs 18 and 19, it is often easier, and sometimes more legible, to indicate long "e" and "i" instead of writing them. They are in" dicated by the way in which the signs are joined. Study paragraphs 18 and 19. Writing Exercise. peal pile meal mile real rile reap ripe beat bite feed leap cheap deep dial wheel while weep wipe kneel Nile pipe peep keep freak type team knife fine beadle field final breathe fiend finally ream Bryan compile cream bayou compete creep (bi-oo) green keel confine mean frequently profile complete regal transcribe finely meek repeal meaning feeble grieve bean tremor blind fleet bead wiped flight gleam sheep tribe glean shield tribal extreme breeze blight excite breezy bright excitement steel league fright steep legal reveal stripe libel theme style genteel Tyler steeple breed cheaper strike bleak cheapen beast meter grief feast meager puide steam veal bide stream brief bride steamer beetle bridal 103 Tie his feet. Meet me there. Shield the men. Fro- long the meeting. The mud is deep. The Work is completed. Myrtle is greatly grieved. Edward tran- scribed Shorthand frequently. We should breathe deeply. The knife is quite dull. Peter drew a fine cartoon. The columbine is very pretty. The profile is quite clear. We know very fine people. She is frequently heard weeping. Do not excite the man. Kenneth is in the meeting. The deer is quite fleet. The moon might shine brightly. The steeple is extremely high. The lion might bite Leon. My grand- mother is quite feeble. The well is very deep. The feeble teamster is blind. Peter might write very brief- ly. It was a bright evening. The event greatly ex- cited him. He is fleet as the wind. Bryan is a fine legal guide. Can the beetle creep a mile? The beggar might steal the veal. Do men compete with one another? I belong to the Epworth League. The excitement was greater than ever. We will confer with them immediately. The miller is in the mill. The man is ill of a fever. The deer is a very fleet animal. We have a variety of food. Tell them immediately of the meeting. The wind completely wrecked the building. He was greatly frightened by the lightning. The beetle might creep on the pike. The sheep are in the green field. Peel the peach with the bright knife. The wild beast fled from the fiend. The Nile is very deep. leap in. The steel pen is in the cupboard. T mean it was a fine team. The woman can guide the blind child. I might meet the men near the stream. We are willing to write to them regularly. The pig might meet Dick, and bite him. Shield the blind man from the running team. The knife was cheaper than the steel file. Did you hear the peal of the bell? The pennant might be unfurled in the breeze. The bird might fly up from the green field. Tan Carl drink 104 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND the cream while he is breathing? Veal is good meat for the bride to eat. I might buy a team and find real work. Can the wheel be turned while we move the reaper? Can the man read the meter, while we cook the beet? Reading Exercises. QUIZ. How are long "e." and "i" often indicated with out being actually written? Why! Would "e" be indicated in "weed"f "peach"? "keep"? "peal"?" Why? "i" in "write"? "might"? "wide"? "life"? Why? Why not indicate "i" in "shine"? "e" in "lean"? In \vliat Common words may "S" he used to suggest "Sh"? DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 105 106 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND o w O \ I _D V ^ 9 107 LESSON XVI. The circles are joined in the easiest way merely because the writing is so much more easily done; they mean exactly the same, however they are joined. But be careful about the relative sizes of the various circles just as you must be in writing the longhand "e" and "1". When a circle comes between two strokes which would join with an angle if the circle were not there, always write the circle so that it will be outside of the angle because it is so much easier that way. Thus : y\ A And when a circle is joined to a curved stroke it is easier to let the circle follow the swing of the curve. Thus : 6* See how much easier the first combination in each group is than the other: XV_ than X*l_ than s-O 108 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND Be sure to write the circle so that the strokes will show full length (all of the circle beyond the point at which the strokes would join if there were no circle) : '.**'.'. not Join the flattened circle (long "u"^ alongside of strokes, without adding to the length of the strokes: Circles are not considered strokes (see eighth para graph of Lesson X.) bat bath In at moth boat bought both bother fat froth fraught matter fad fraud fodder mad k,d cad dad Tom roam cat code rod narrow Cora dot Dora dart Xora dog caught got kodak goat goal counteract bov.l dock ball dark bolt cot calf coat Kaffir rack cough tack doll talk dollar walk droll woke tyro wad Cairo ward coke cod dough bottom few rock feud pew mew mute lite youth cue cure fuel fewer pure new feudal figure huge union Coe foe Joe Po counterpane pope cove DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 109 wrote awed gash morning Don ode raash ore darn *lack gnash pour dawn *lock crash jar account *lark dash quart don't lacking shower quack fall locket Jap quote fault *local Japan quoth follow lacked pole wan badly locked dote warn forbade shallow foam want am shabby Allen won't abbey cash alley cocoon add cashier ally gorge odd lash track Write the note. Examine the document. Interview the tinner. All men think. Go to Aberdeen. We work hard. Turn him out. Shoot the hawk. Catch many carp. Attend the auction. Hear the crash. Men- tion the fact. Would you go? I like you. Throw the ball. Catch the thief. Roll the hoop. Close the door. George is shrewd. Counteract his influence. Add the column. Countermand the order. All have gone. It is strong. It will rain. Believe me now. All men lie. Do nothing rashly. Judge not harshly. Avoid their enmity. Finish the shaft. Wash the radish. Shovel the coal. Draw a picture. Propel the boat. Improve your opportunity. Collect the account. Correct the carbon. Promote the institution. Banish all fear. Join the association. Collect the amount. Dig the hole. He fell down. He traveled far. footnote *** of Lesson XTTT. 110 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 111 LESSON XVII. QUIZ. Does it make any difference in the meaning of A word which side of a stroke the circle is written? How many different sizes of circles are there? What two suggestions are given in regard to writing a circle between two strokes? Where would a circle be written on a straight line? Where on a curved line? Why should the entire circle go below the base line in the words "boat", "bat", "oak"? How is the long "u" sign joined to strokes? Does it add to the length of the stroke to which it is joined? Are circles considered strokes? Does a circle ever rest on the base line? When? (Only when it stands alone or is the first word of a phrase; in the latter case it is written just where it would be if written alone on the base line.) par part tar tart trot token soda solo chromo cam camera promote cow cower coward now row towel fowl cowl Writing Exercises. owl lobe how loaf Howard job howl jobber out Job (o-oot) Joab stout Noah stouter boa Jane laugh cap pone cop pony crop abash copper abode capital awoke captain George point attack drop pad lap pod lop cope lope jog jam jaw *old *hold ^conclude *exclude joy (j-aw-e) snjoy join (jaw-in) coin enjoin enjoyment joint daughter water walked talked Maude *See Paragraph 16 of the General Principles. 112 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND abide Fido loam brat batter brought train main maintain window lane vain vainly Wayne territory oil boil soil coil past post exhaust Most of them quit. Do you know him? Where would you go? Every man has money. I have known him. How far is it? He is very strong. Was he at home? They are all gone. Agree to go along. Print the magazine regularly. Hear the dog bark. Do you like shorthand? Do you know them? Do you like him? Mr. Allen is here. Our town is large. The gown is white. The cane was broken. Has he gone far? Look at the dog. Owe no man anything. Watch the sham battle. The ball is round. What is his strength? Open wide the door. The water is pure. Joe has been hurt. Is your ax sharp? Is that plane sharp? Is he a coward? He was not accountable. It is very inconvenient. Prop the corner post. The porthole was closed. The shoe is large. The creek is shallow. Ralph is the papa contract draft polite power hope mode powerful open modern confound napkin pain appear lamb Paul appeal rain pole back dower polar balk endow pat gap protract patter wrapper bower pot rapt mow range patch kraut arrange wrapping cane arrangement grapnel crane Poland nap drain tack knot Dane tacked naught bane crack north brain cracker note remain apt propound remainder apple gnat refrain apply pop feign DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 113 cashier. Go with them now. Do not detain me. Roland went to Rome. The valley is beautiful. Madge is ex- tremely excitable. How old is William? Dig the hole deep. I fell down fiat. T have your letter. Is the dog dead? The ox is dead. The time passed quickly. The train was wrecked. Show Homer the sheep. Why did you not go? Jane is quite ill. The rain may fall. Harry found a dime. Nellie, show your power. 114 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND ** *^ \ x V ~/ '"''Pi/' ^V" * \^~. fc / w << 'A C /^: <5^ U V. V O X - LESSON XVIII. Writing Exercises, gavel lower flounder army attention law fawn throw statue oath emphatic flag statute Ute obedient frog stature amount bromide brought statuary (amt) lag coffer plow found log drawn boy (f-o-un-d) laggard balking alloy bound drag tap lawyer bond dagger top toy pound doggerel bawble moisture pond gab codify institute round brag oddity flash brown braggart commodity sham frown gabble occur ash crown gobble trap ashen drown whole trapper combat lobster concoct trapping comrade strap raft trapped Emma straw Taft pronoun fond widow profound paragraph rope toadstool craft coin stop straggle opinion barn stock stone strain military stack arrow Alma (a-e) start fathom adder Madge starter motto mottled badge startle stain gobbler aloe coffin gown drab thaw odium ground amid thought auditor Don art large oak down ark largely low clown alarm partly 116 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND yarn yard mark market pardon guard throat oddly mock Modoc map mop chop chapel chattel chatter toad total rattle radical battle bottle acting offer He had not gone far. How long is the pole? How large is the barrel? Joe is larger than Henry. How large is the shop? He was at the shop. Portland is a large town. It has cleared off now. All things are now ready. How much cash have you? Paul broke the long pole. Walter bought a new wagon. Willard is six feet tall. Fill the tub with water. Do you like the piano? Have you a new hatchet? Buy a new tin cup. How big is the tub? What color is the collar? I need a new lamp. Everything was in the garden. Here is a rough floor. Powhattan was an Indian chief. That man is a burglar. Will Don go with John? The amount was not large. The large stone had fallen. Jack found the broken bow. Where is the large boat? Harold found the old clock. Tom rode the black steed. Alfred bought a new oar. Ralph told a short story. Willard bought a brown dog. What has that boy found? The plot has been revealed. Robert will arrive tomorrow. Reading Exercise. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 11? J ^ * <-s 1 j j iS ff\ Xl \ . J >^j<' X^NO^^J s-#^^~\* rv /-V4 Vr^-< ^v o ---'I x ^^ ^ x 122 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND LESSON XX. Long "a" is written as a dot when standing alone, but is always joined when there is any sign to which it can be joined; and when joined it is written exactly the same as any open circle, but so small as to close it up into a dot: In joining long "a" to other signs, do not make it by pressing harder on the pencil, nor by making sev- eral circular strokes to fill up the circle into a dot; practice writing it until you can write it with a con- tinued, smooth motion of the pencil, making it show as a dot uniformly; it is a good plan to start with an open circle, as shown below, and write it again and again, making it smaller and smaller each time until you have it closed up with the one circular stroke of the pencil. V- V- fay fail neigh natal frail ail ailment failure fade aid ate fate faith fable bay brocade bait brave bathe may bake mate bale made babel make pay mail payment Nate pave grape pavement moderat gauge Kate vapor Nathan engage tomato engagement Cato Writing Exercises. Tacoma game gave grave gale gala gaily raiment firmament gablo DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 123 Abe fame frame freight frayed afraid parquet wage perforate cater cake cave create creator croquet lay labor tape nail label lake Malay weigh wade wait waiter waif wafer wake waking Is Amy here? Push the gate. He came back, write daily. We like cake. Edwin came home, ate dinner. Mable became tired. Is he able? Eat with Amy. Pay the doctor. Pay the bill. Comb his hair. Shave the man. He is brave. Wade the brook. Take the car. They have gone. Are they glad? Issue the paper. It would pay. They study diligently. Love our nation. Pay strict attention. Stay till noon. Take prompt action. They drank coffee. waken staid wail waked straight quail wakeful straighten quailing age paste caper rage taste donate stage waist donation page statement jail cage stamen jailer neighbor arcade constable obey stockade gamester day concave cape date Yucatan ration dame rate chagrin holiday tray rave aim portray collate Dave portrait corroborate daily portraiture Carbondale dale quake shay ray take shale raid ache shade rake acre shake raking taking shape raked taken shave stay inveigh shady stale purvey wager state convey major stake conveyed away stable ague Amy staple tail stray rail They We 124 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND Rock the little baby. The judge went away. The conductor ran away. They write shorthand rapidly. Did you pay it ? Ask for my mail. The agent was in. He waded the brook. They must go far. They have great strength. Strong men often fail. Dayton is in Ohio. Is it hot today ? Ralph might aid Jack. Mable read the fable. Carl won a wager. The quail took flight. Margaret ate the tomato. He won a wager. The agent is out. I sold valuable property. Do you believe him? Watch the men excavating. He made proper application. Harold has the toothache. The quail took flight immediately. They returned in due time. Nathan coached the ball team. They were among the men. Be sure you are able. He is able to sing. It was a fatal accident. How high can Ned jump? Paul ought to obey Kate. Washing- ton was a brave soldier. Many may attend church now. Fido might bite Kate. Abe has faith in the waif. Pour the gravy into the bowl. I may sing in the chapel. They paid cash for the coach. Mr. Baker fre- quently came to church. They played croquet on the lawn. Everything was donated by the lodge. Lay the book on the shelf. Can you draw a straight line? Willard will go to town today. They look quite like each other. They are reading tbe paper now. Will they go to town today? Joe paid cash for the pump. I enjoy reading the daily paper. The company was paid for the pavement. The mule ran away from the man. Anna knew how to make a cake. The cattle ate all of the fodder. They caught the trout in the river. The dog made a dash for the gate. The children must pay attention to her talk. The young man ought to learn a trade. We have had no reply from him today. They do not provide food for the ape. May they attach the flag to the pole? They rode in the cab to the party. Jane may pay the coin to join the lodge. He was awakened by a loud clap of thunder. The lame man walked by the aid of a cane. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 125 C 6 ^ ^~\f o \ -S "V /c^r\-^~ ^s^ J/ vm V\^^4 I r _ I I -X . ^s /' S~. \_^ C ^txS' ^JU**-' v-^ w ^1^ v--^ /D _or ^ O ^ ^e xofc ^/ -- v-^y- cr^\ C . V? V ^ ^ ^ o _ 126 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND LESSON XXI. QUIZ. How is long "&" written when it stands alone? When joined? How many times should you go around in making a long "a" dot? How should a dot be written? (See the last paragraph of Lesson VI.) Join "S" in the easiest way forward on straight lines and following the swing of curves. (See Lesson VII.) "Sh" at the end of strokes can often be written as a hook; but it must always be written downward and end or swing toward the left. Note the difference be- tween "Sh" hooks and "S" hooks: Bsh Bs Msh Ms Gsh Gs Rsh Rs Wsh Ws Ksh Ks j i *x j L s> s -> Fsh Fs Dsh Ds Note : As will be seen in the above examples, at the end of "K", "F" and "D" the "S" and "Sh" hooks are exactly the same; but no confusion can result in these cases. Hooks do not add any to the length of strokes to which they are joined. Thus, "SB" would be only two spaces high, the same as the "B" alone. So with "Msh", etc. x Hooks are not considered strokes, and would not rest on the line. (See eighth paragraph of Lesson X.) Writing Exercises. see cedar concede conceit seed proceed seat soon DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 127 foreseen spoken skates tries unseen spade Scot squeeze unforeseen swish scow crease seem cues scout increase unseemly accuse scowl police seek pews skin comprise physique dues sphere wades siege juice sneeze wakes perceive fuse snooze raids Sedan refuse snap trades fancy amuse sin takes mercy abuse since raps sigh confuse sinful wages sight profuse send patches foresight conduce ease matches insight produce easy catches side cures lease learns beside news piece burns cider figures sees turns inside sick rice taps reside said mice traps sign decease pods rages design sell purse cages consign speed some pads sue spider something leans suit spat prize furs pursue spot nice curse pursuit spurs knees nurse persuade sparrow keys tails soup Spain fees eats Soudan sly tease cats spy slide these cheats spire slice ties terse conspire slab buys wins spry slope wise quince speak lapse size convince spike slur dies province spake slurs geese fans spoke sky cheese manse 128 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND dance flames circles *fulsome chance wags serf *cumbersome France drags serfs *facsimile lance surprise sues *insist glance surplus goose *persist appearance search boots *desist seems surge toots *consist James concern rules *consistent games concert schools *consider lambs insert cellar The log floats. Birds can fly. See him skate. Buy good things. She got up. Rent the house. They fought fiercely. Kate ate eggs. The rain descended. Sometimes cars collide. Every concern prospered. Roscoe rents houses. Print some labels. Soap the clothes. AVe sowed oats. Count the cans. Make some counters. Move up silently. Continue your calls. Some are noble. Shade your eyes. Shingle the house. See the flash. Carts carry carpenters. Buy a scarf. Can you skate? Who else goes? It will sink. Every man dis- appeared. My father walks. Hear Tom sneeze. Con- dense the vapor. Count the reports. Concentrate your attention. Be good girls. Go with us. Up he goes. Acknowledge the receipt. Issue more papers. Count the ducks. Can ducks swim? Be at school. Count the corks. Are you able? Some dogs bite. Purchase more meat. The judge smiles. Confide in us. "Wake from sleep. Are you sick? Yes, he swims. They slept well. Purchase a shovel. Some wolves growl. Stick pins here. Plants grow rapidly. Consider the lilies. They labor energetically. Ragged boys shiver. Pick the goose. Eat the pickles. Roads are muddy. Maude spoke wearily. Elect him president. Reporters write rapidly. Cease from evil. * If signs do not join easily, lift the pencil and write the next sign or syllable close to the preceding sign. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND, Secure an education. Snakes sometimes bite. Sell the cows. Sharpen the pencil. Rescue the perishing. He is anxious. Rover is vicious. He is foolish. She is discontented. Promise him nothing. Such a discord. The snow fell. Cash the checks. Get the supper. Buy some drugs. Console the professor. They sell phono- graphs. He is invincible. Are you anxious? Ducks swim gaily. Villages are little. Villains are wicked. Robert shot rabbits. Progress more rapidly. Consider the proverb. Produce great profits. Condense their reports. Protect those cornets. Approach him cau- tiously. They write easily. Invite your neighbors. We feed pigs. Secure payment soon. He beats the drum. How deep are wells? See the ox team. Direct the boys wisely. We soon met them. The sun shines brightly. Proceed with the work. Use the corn meaL Seek the man diligently. The session is over. The disease is contagious. What process was taken? They are much concerned. Count your profits now. The professor is conceited. This will counter- balance that. Pick up the chips. See the big trees. Cars run close together. Who else was there? Mice run from cats. This water is pure. Consent to noth- ing foolish. Do you ever specialize ? He is quite whim- sical. Hear the whistle blow. We have enough apples. Everybody else said no. Did you see them? He left his comrades. Every strong man dies. It would seem short. See the fox run. Are they good girls? He reads shorthand easily. Answer the tele- phone call. See the snow fall. Mrs. Burns was there. Owls hoot at night. Comply with our rules. He comes here often. Do they know us? Cars run far apart. Ask for a receipt. Are you convinced now? In due time descend. Howard won a prize. She is a pronoun. He is too unconcerned. See the cedar tree. Six courses were served. The slim man is silly. They have received no reply. The dog's name is Sport. If he comes, I go. Some of 130 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. them are giants. The lights are quite dim. Buy a boi of matches. Do not tease the cat. She has an old cane. We may find some ferns. We are anxious about Fred. Did the new shoes fit! Do not run the risk. Every one looks back here. That man sells dry goods. The sky overhead is blue. The dress is quite fine. The word is used incorrectly. The scholar is progressing nicely. I consider him very dull. I was glad to see him. We may wear new shoes now. The banner flut- tered in the breeze. He has knowledge of the business. Did the bird swallow the bug? Did you ever see a ship ? Buy me a pair of cuffs. We have had a variety of exercises. I am very fond of green beans. Is there a fire in the furnace? The judge fails to mention the matter. I know the size of the sun. He has given us his final answer. She was greatly grieved over the misfortune. Our boys have bought new drums. Joe bought a pair of shoes today. I will sue the editor for libel. I drew some water from the deep well. They must go down to see them at once. One of the boys was drowned in the bay. Mr. Tyler sank to the bottom of the ocean. We are willing to correspond with them regularly. Reading Exercises. <>\/\ w 0-1 X DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 131 > / o^> J/ ^_o/ __ y , L > -^ ~^\^ <^\ i I -P, x - 132 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. LESSON XXII. QUIZ. When is "S" a hook? In a general way how is "S" joined to straight lines? To curved lines? What is the difference between an "S" hook and an "Sh" hook? Does a hook add any to the length of a stroke to which it is joined? Does a hook at the beginning of a stroke rest on the base line? At the end of what three strokes is "8" the same as "Sh"? How do we distinguish between "S" and "Sh" in these places? worse spindles survey forces verse guess risk vigorous paves civil residence vigorously fuss civilize rescue spout does fleets residue surgeon sworn flats resident surgery swarm plots risky surmise vicious sleeps anxious survive robs ruse silk survival robins stress select prostrate cogs submerge scarf pronounce crags submit scarred collapse sluice serve scholar express prosper subserve scholars *sex temperance subside sport **sucks symbol subdue ports *tax pins subject counts **tacks caves substance accounts axes rulers subjugate reports ***access apples square deports ***accede applies squawk press ***success turkeys surmount presses ***succeed spin surname curses ***successful Use "X" because it is us*d in the ordinary spelling of the word. **Use"Ks" because it is so spelled. **ai-es; use "X" for "ks" in these words, because it ii easier; the sound is the same. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 133 spout surrender such dispel sprang surprise sizzle disperse Spanish respect suspect disburse said response suspense disease (sed) says sister anxious speech suds cistern such speechless guesses substitute *chorus squirm verses system *Paris squirrel misses sum *Morris squeal caress handsome Consider before consenting. The sugar is sweet. The monk wrote books. The cow eats hay. We must move slowly. They sent a conductor. Good scholars succeed. It will be successful. Elmira is very con- sistent. Accede to his demands. Thy mercy endureth forever. They worked very successfully. The shears are very sharp. We buy berries every day. We must walk more slowly. March 9 is Ralph 's birthday. Papa buys us nice toys. Amanda may boil the rice. A man in France can read. The information is now accessible. Anna may have some lemonade. We found the work quite easy. The house has a dormer window. These lamps make a dim light. The sly fox caught a goose. We saw the police catch a thief. They ought to own their homes. Tom Thumb was a very small man. How far can a small mouse jump? Can they go to the sea shore? I may spend $2.50 for a hammock. They spoke quite highly of his work. Watch the man cut the piece of iron. Susan is sure to like your new hat. How many needles did you purchase? They may appoint a new agent here soon. We have done no work since Thursday. We ought to speak to him at once. The boys who went swimming were nearly drowned. Do you see how well our girls sew? We have heard from him only once since Thursday. We went to the fort to see *The "r" begins a new syllable, 134 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. the captains. What have you done with the bunch of keysT I found the ring under the carpet >v'nlc sweeping. Do you intend to pay us a visit soon? A party of our young folks have gone to Perry. How many tons of coal do you intend to order? The cat was badly scared by the bark of the dog. Mr. Thomp- son is now in need of a watchman at the depot. What are the prospects for a wheat crop? They cheered the speech to the echo. Reading Exercises. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 135 Js 35' __ ^ O J xx L V c SO ^ o ^-- /O \^-3tf o v^<; ^1//^?X V 136 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. LESSON XXIII. QUIZ. What is the sound of "X"? Name several words in which it is easier to use the "X" sign instead of "KS"f Where signs do not join easily what should be done! See foot- notes in Lessons XI and XXL. "Sh" in the Form of a Hook. mush gush crush punishment hush gushes cushion dishful brush freshet dish flourish fish freshman dishes bishop fresh blushes radish militia brushes rush famish blush flush punish Enlarged Hooks. At the end of the longer strokes write "ST" exactly like "S", and "SHT" like "SH", except to make the hook larger; it need not be as large as "D" or "J", and, like the "S" hook, should not lengthen the stroke. (See Lesson XXI.) less gust pest lapsed list disgust kiss vest guess does kissed vests guest dust Jess soloist miss duster jest crush mist missed ness crushed Bess midst nest dish best modest earnest dished wish saddest nests stoutest wished hardest exist pressed blush fist exists cursed blushed first existence inst. bust enlist lapse instead DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 137 Catch the big fish. Note the omission. Think well first. Wash the radish. Carl eats fish. Catch the fish. The house collapsed. The water is fresh. Do you know addition? Nora is famished. The porter is conscious. The machine was uncontrollable. We have promised nothing. Be earnest and honest. Ernest is inconsiderate. Soap bubbles burst. Buy a brush for Edith. Maidenblush apples are ripe. Just a portion was given to him. What proportion did he receive? I think the pudding is delicious. The blue jay has his faults. However, he is a brave bird. He has no fear of the cold weather. Long after other birds have gone to spend the winter in a warmer climate, you may see him dodging around among the bare trees. Sometimes he does not leave here all win- ter if he can find all he needs to eat. Even on a cold day if you go far into the woods it is likely you may see a number of these birds braving the storm. Do you wonder where they go during the cold night? The blue jay must do with light fare while the winter continues. Now and then he may find a dried berry on the branch on which it grew, or the tiny eggs of some insect on the under side of a piece of bark. When the spring sun begins to warm the ground, you can hear his noisy cry. Even his friends who went away for the winter now make themselves known They are here long before the first wild flower blooms Mr. Pine Jay is ever dressed in grand style. His back is light purple, his wings and tail are blue. His head is white, his bill is black, his eyes are brown. If his manners were as handsome as is his dress, how pretty he would be! In April, Mr. Blue Jay helps his mate make her nest among the branches of some tree far in the woods. They work quite speedily, and in a week or so the nest is done. The blue jay is a thief and even worse. He robs every nest he can find. If there are eggs in it, he breaks and sucks them. If there are young birds, he tears them in pieces and eats them. Ts it anv wonder he has so few friends? 138 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. J O -S~2 C * DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 139 LESSON XXIV. QUIZ. In such words as "dish" and "does" how is "Sh" distinguished from "S"? In such words as "list" and ' ' best ' ' how is the " T " indicated t How would " St " be writ- ten in these words? How would the "ST" in best" be dis- tinguished from "J"? Does an enlarged hook add anything to the length of the stroke to which it is joined! Sometimes "SHT" is used for "ST" because easier: cast cost coast coaster request question faced raced roast ghost aghast In common words, "sh" will suggest "tion" (sion) or"ation": action station application exhibition permission . prediction degradation suspicion missionary pronunciation stationer omission notation construction stationery addition quotation fiction prostration perforation citation friction depredation edification portion dimension radiation ovation physician expression oration additional mission collection numeration proposition submission correction expectation prohibition succession administration occasion collision decision transportation connection improvision selection confederation occasional recreation ambition dedication moderation promotion creation 140 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. Note : According to the suggestion in Lesson VIII., "S" is lengthened to add "T" if the "T" comes ia the same syllable. Otherwise the ordinary form of the "S" is used. Thus: state estate stir Esther stop estop estrange stray estray stir Esther hesitation hesitancy stop estop stab estab-(lish) estimate estimation story hysteria history historical hysterical cx state estate hesitate steam esteem strange We predict disaster. He runs very fast. I like roast beef. He has gone astray. What did the furnace cost? She was quite hysterical. He is very ambitious. He is an outcast. The cork was lost. The star is in the western sky. Do you know addition? The physi- cian was there. How fast can you run? The physician is here now. Did you notice the omission? I have joined the confederation. What prediction has he made? Frederick can report the convention. The frost has killed our plants. Did you ever see a ghost? He is held in great esteem. Esther will stir up the animals. He is a missionary in Africa. They gave him quite an ovation. I lost the remainder of the money. He tossed the crumbs to the birds. He has gone to the Pacific coast. I have made application for the position. I will go to the station immediately. What is his decision in the matter? He is a great reader of fiction. What are the dimensions of this car? He has gone to the country for recreation. What do you think of the present administration? Did he hesitate to speak of the estate? The strange man became estranged from his friends. There was much friction between the tAvo DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 141 men. He made a quotation from the Senator's speech. I have no hesitancy in recommending it to you. I have given him permission to go with you. The construction of the new building is progressing rapidly. What portion of the plot is to belong to you? What is your estimate of the cost of this undertaking? I have lost the money my father gave me last week. What is the state of the estate at the present time? There was a collision between an automobile and a street car. The story of Washington is an important part of the history of our country. Reading Exercises. 142 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 143 LESSON XXV. QUIZ. When may "Sht" be used for "St"f What will suggest "tion" or "ation" in common words? When would not "S" be enlarged to indicate a "T" immediately follow- ing-? Why not enlarge "K" to add "T" in such words as "collection", "prediction", "selection"? In joining "S" to circles use the "first S", thus: c Y^ _, x <-c C C d y / c ^ o . o^/-1M s c 148 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND _Q J ^^\ (2x^0 Q_ p > x I v. V DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 149 L V' X XI /2 xx 150 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND \J -v; xo ^r / x ~-, .Vx o G ^> & 0\*^\ ' "> f ^v_ w^'xv k a 6 ^ DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 151 -^ O-o X y. 152 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND ^i . DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 153 "^ C-v O Q ? Xlo? I '*^ :,V ^ O < V. ^ o I / X / X O \ . 1 Q. O L/ < J ^ 154 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND GENERAL PRINCIPLES. I. 1. For "C" use "S" when the sound is the same as. "S", as in "peace" and "K" when it has that sound, as in "coat." 2. The "H" dot is never joined, while the long "a" dot is always joined. 3. For the initial "A" the short "a" is used, to avoid confusion with "H". 4. As there are no signs for "C", "Q" and "Y", these, when used as initials, are written, as they are ordinarily pronounced: 1 (see) for "C"; /^ (cue) for "Q"; -y, (wy) for "Y". 5. "Qu" always has the sound of "KW", and is so written; / 6. "Y" at the beginning of a syllable, as in "yet", "yacht", "lawyer", has the sound of long "e", and is so written; at the end of a syllable it is the same as long "i", (as in "my"), or short "i" (as in "Amy"). 7. A dot over "S" makes "Z"; a dot over ';Sh' r makes "Zh". (See Lesson VIT.) A O c b II. 8. Use the ordinary punctuation marks, except that for the period use X (Semi-colon may be indicated by leaving more space between words.) An additional period shows the end of a paragraph. 9. To show that a word is to be capitalized (that is,. to be commenced with a capital letter) write ^ under it; lengthen this sign to extend under severat adjoining words to be capitalized : v ----- ^ 10. To show that a word is to be typewritten in capitals (every letter a capital) write "__ r ^-. = *~'_ under it. 11. A wave line ~w*~ is used for the dash and underscore. DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND. 12. Under a figure a straight horizontal line adds "th", "rd", "st". ate.: __% third; J^ second j 49 forty- ninth ; 21 twenty-first. 13. Under a word, a straight horizontal line shows that the word is to be repeated > _0 See! See ! ^ Alas ! Alas r Alas I 2-x side by side ; Q~ over and over; ~^v^ ^ rom time to time. III. 14. Indicate v 'ing" or "thing" by writing a dot under and close to the end of the preceding sign. When convenient, begin the next sign at this point instead of using the dot. As a rule, "ings" and *' things" may be indicated in the same way, or S" may be written: j/^ eating; f-N wading; L brings; v>>v -^ savings; _^/v nothing is; O^ all things are ; S~~'~~^~ kingdom ; /"^ Wellington. 15. Indicate "er" by shading the sign just before the "er" if it is in the same syllable, or if, by shad- ing, two or more syllables can be written with a con- tinuous stroke. (This applies to everything but a dot.) Example: I^^Ber-t; L^ bur-n; P-N bir-d; Y^ la-borj^Tl^ scab-bar-d; J br-ay,- "" exer-tion; f*/ exter-nal. (See Lesson V.) 16. Indicate "T" by lengthening the sign just be- fore the "T" if it is in the same syllable. When lengthened, the sign is exactly the same shape, simply larger. F ~^ Ft~^ P V^ PtV. D /--N Dt ,- s (See Lesson VIII.) In common* words lengthen for^T" to suggest "D": waitet (waited) : *^ 156 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 17. Indicate "L" in the same way as "T" except to enlarge the sign more than for "T": F "^ Ft Fl B Bt Bl D (See Lessoa VIII.) 18. Indicate long "e" (when easier or more legible) by lifting the pencil, going back along the stroke just written, and commencing the next sign so as to leave a piece of the first sign projecting beyond the joining point: -r -/ V^^T^ ** ^ (See Lesson XV.) 19. Indicate long (when easier or more legible) ty lifting the pencil and beginning the next sign so as to leave a piece of the second sign projecting be- yond the joining point : (See Lesson XV.) IV. 20. Each syllable is written as though it were an entire word, the syllables being simply joined in writ- ing. The more readily you recognize the syllable di- vision of words, and the more closely you adhere to this rule, the more easily and rapidly will you write Shorthand, and the more readily will you read it. side in-side be-side (not Lbes-ide) de-cide (not/^dec-ide) re-side serve ob-serve (not l^obs-erve) de-serve (notx-^des-erve) des-ire) DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND 157 /" 2 size ^ > d One advantage of this system is that the shorten- ing up of outlines is not merely arbitrary, but is ac- cording to a systematic method. As the student be- comes more familiar with the Shorthand he may ab- breviate more and more, just as he would do in long- hand with familiar terms; and these contracted forms are legible to anyone writing the system, even though he does not use the contractions in his own notes. 21. Use abbreviations commonly used in longhand: \ (Mo.) for Missouri or month; (Chg.) cha lustration; - (No.) for number; / (Co.) for charge or Chicago; f (III.) for Illinois or il- for for company; (sub.) subject, subscription; / (sug.) suggest; rf"X^^ (adv.) advertise ( ment) ; I/" (bet.) between. 22. Write just so much of a word, as is necessary to show plainly what is intended : ( exper(ience) ,- "X^^ ev(ident) ; ^> situratHVn4 ; J**& enthus(iasm) ; "v-^a edu(cate) ; / o'cl(ock). 23. Abbreviations are sometimes formed, as in long- hand, by dropping the first syllable or sign of a word: advise; "^-^ advance; ^e re S re ^t request; f J require; f because; descri!)e; ^ remain; ^^^ entirely; 158 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND begin ; J elbow ; J element. 24. Short "e," "i,' r and "u" are usuaHy omitted in the middle of wojds: __^~\ wed; X\^_ tip; V-> mud; *> took. 25. Words which naturally belong- together may often be joined in writing (phrased, it is called) to advantage ; but do so only when the words join easily r ^ I do ; ' I will ; / I will bes* ^ - g You will see (thr)at; enclose you herewith ; ^-^.-_ J fc^ if ou have not c~i We enclose you herewith ; J in (a) few days; fc^ if you have not; c~i some (time) ago; ^ in regard to; do KL / X X close J v^/ just no JL . --"general N y know known W _ with NT ./ not would / Ch ^x which NL ^/ knowledge S /S was T ^ to S cy is ime j time Sh ^ sure AlP should F "^ far Sht D short P ^ up Shi ^) shall L J long length * ^ ever every 1 r if i r Jj. es -^ else r-t r it.* r it it would en j any go s- Q / gone , / it will good 160 DOUGHERTY'S SHORTHAND GT / great la 4 I am GL / glad un \ on e i me M most \ must _ A a at as MG \ among o has have Mr ^ many money V O of B by aw all I been thr then- ? / mv there to the - 0. 01 CAJL.il' UK*ii* AT LOS ANGELES LIBRARY JE80WH 00056497; B. 0. BAKER LAWYER DALLAS Z56 D74m