m
f<5*.
\
LIBRARY
OF THE
ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
OF THE PACIFIC
FRONTISPIECE.
RELIEF MAP OF CALIFORNIA.
W. B. No. 292.
Price 5O cents.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
"WE -A. T IS E IK
Bnlletm L.
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
Prepared under the direction of WILLIS L MOORE, Chief D. S. Weather Bureau,
BY
ALEXANDER G. McADIE, Professor of Meteorology.
\\
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1903.
2
Astron. uaftt.
ASTRONOEi
CONTENTS.
Fae.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5
CONTROLLING FACTORS 7
Pressure 7
Precipitation, San Francisco 9
High and !ow pressures 12
West Pacific storms 13
Ocean effect 15
Topography 16
CLIMATE OP NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST 25
Eureka and Northern California 33
San Francisco 33
Some maximum and minimum temperatures 41
Notes from record of G. H. Gibbons, M. I) 42
The great rainstorm of 1866. Mr. L. J. Le Conte, C. E 46
Rainfall. Mr. John Pettee 48
CLIMATE OP SOUTHERN COAST 59
San Luis Obispo 59
Santa Barbara 64
Los Angeles 68
San Diego 81
CLIMATOLOGY OP THE GREAT VALLEY 93
Red Bluff 93
Sacramento 97
Fresno 106
CLIMATE OF SANTA CLARA VALLEY Ill
Mount Tamalpais, San Francisco, Lick Observatory, San Jose, Menlo Park, San Mateo.
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY 123
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES 167
SNOWFALL 215
PRECIPITATION AT HIGH LEVELS 224
FROST 227
FOG 239
THUNDERSTORMS 251
EARTHQUAKES 259
701306
I LLUSTR ATI O NS.
Frontispiece. Page.
FIG. 1. Rainfall at San Francisco, 1849-1902 ! 10
2. Seasonal rainfall at San Francisco. 1850-1902. Intensity, or amount in inches. (Normal, 23 inches).. 11
3. Seasonal rainfall at San Francisco, 1850-1902. Frequency, or number of days. (Average, 71 days).. 11
4. Seasonal rainfall at Eureka, from 1887 to 1901 27
5. Sketch map of Humboldt Bay 33
6. Monthly curves of hourly wind velocities 47
7. Hourly wind velocities at San Francisco 47
8. Mean relative humidity upper, 5 a. m. ; lower, 5 p. m 47
9. Percentage of annual rainfall each month 47
From Bulletin D, by Prof. A. J. Henry.
10. Seasonal rainfall at San Diego, from 1850 to 1901 84
11. Seasdhal rainfall at Sacramento, from 1849 to 1901 102
12. Seasonal rainfall at Fresno, from 1882 to 1901 109
13. Wire baskets in citrus grove 230
14. Wire baskets hung from limbs of orange trees - 230
15. Wire baskets in lemon and orange grove 231
16. Mr. Priestly Hall's device for smudging
17. Eight miner's inches of warm water in orange grove at Meacham ranch 232
18. Lath screen at ranch of Mr. A. J. Everest, Riverside (view from above) 233
19. Lath screen at ranch of Mr. A. J. Everest, Riverside (under view ) 234
20. Fog service at San Francisco. Corner of large map standing in main corridor of Ferry Building. By
means of frequent reports from Point Reyes and Mount Tamalpais the extent and character of
fog over Drakes Bay, the roadstead, and the Gate itself are known in the city 244
21. Morning fog over valleys. ( PI. I) 245
22. Lifted fog. Height above ground about 500 meters. (PI. I) 245
23. Sea fog pouring over Sansalito Hills and through Golden Gate. (PI. II ) 245
24. Fog waves. (PI. II) 245
25. Fog lifting. View from United States Weather Bureau, Mount Tamalpain, Cal. ( Pi. Ill ) 245
26. Helmholtzian fog billow. View from United States Weather Bureau observatory, Mount Tamalpais,
Cal. (PI. IV) 245
27. Fog billows. (PI. V) 245
28. Fog billows. (PI. V ) 245
29. Fog drifting from sea inland. (PI. VI) 245
30. Fog stratum; clear above and cloudy below. (PI. VI) 245
31. Probable condition at time of the Rio de Janeiro wreck, February 22, 1901 249
CHARTS I to IX. Pressure, wind, and rainfall during the winter months of January and December, 1899; Decem-
ber, 1901 ; January and February, 1902 9
CHARTS X to XII. Track of a disturbance across the Pacific Ocean from the Ladrone Islands to the coast of
California from November 20, 1895, to January 14, 1896 15
4
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
The following-named gentlemen have assisted in the preparation of this volume:
Mr. George H. Willson, local forecaster, and the following members of the office force at
San Francisco: Mr. Horace E. Smith. Mr. William Norrington, Mr. Walter H. Scholl, Mr.
William J. Reed. Mr. Herbert E. Wilkinson, Mr. Hugo Legler, Mr. Walter J. Bennett, and
Mr. William H. Fahlbusch.
Mr. George E. Franklin, local forecaster, Los Angeles, Cal., contributed the article upon
the "Climate of Los Angeles;'' Mr. James A. Barwick that upon the "Climate of Sacramento;''
Mr. Ford A. Carpenter, the "Climate of San Diego;" Mr. Maurice Connell, the "Climate of
Red Bluff;" Mr. Aaron H. Bell, the "Climate of Eureka;" Mr. J. P. Bolton, the "Climate
of Fresno;" Mr. J. R. Williams, the data for San Luis Obispo, and Mr. J. J. McLean the data
for Independence.
The Southern Pacific Company has for many years had its agents keep a daily record of
rainfall and temperature, which records have been compiled by the Weather Bureau office at San
Francisco. Data from 181 stations in California have been thus collected. Through the courtesy
of the Santa Fe System reports from ten stations in the San Joaquin Valley are received.
Due credit must also be given to the voluntary observers of the State; and in particular to
Mr. Samuel H. Gerrish, Sacramento: Mr. J. A. Edman, Edmanton: Mr. J. C. Stanton, Rio
Vista; Mr. C. W. Hendel, La Porte; and Dr. C. Max Richter, of Santa Barbara. The records,
journals, and diaries of Thomas Tennent, Dr. G. H. Gibbons, Dr. T. A. Logan, and Mr. John
Pettee have been generously drawn upon for data. To these records we are indebted for all data
preceding the period of regular Weather Bureau observations.
Mr. J. B. Lippincott, of Los Angeles, resident hydrographer of the United States Geological
Survey, has kindly placed at our disposal the rainfall data at high altitudes used by him in his
engineering practice. Jn California seasonal rainfalls and data showing probable water supply
in various drainage basins are of the utmost importance to the engineering profession. In the
present paper many fragmentary rainfall records had to be omitted in order to keep the volume
within reasonable limits. Many of these can be found in " Irrigation and Water Storage" by
Glassford.
The diagrams of rainfall in this memoir show the seasonal amounts, because for engineering
and other purposes the seasonal rather than the calendar year totals are desired. In the various
tables, however, it was thought best to continue the usual yearly amounts.
The table of elevations has been materially changed and many corrections made by Prof.
George Davidson and Prof. Joseph N. Le Coute, both of the University of California.
5
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
CONTROLLING FACTORS.
The general climatic conditions of the Pacific coast, and particularly the climate of California,
mav he said to be controlled by four great factors. These are
1. The movements of the great continental and oceanic pressure areas the so-called perma-
nent "highs" and "lows." Under this head we include also the most active factor in climatic
development, namely, the movements of individual pressure areas, since there is now good
ground for believing that the paths of these individual disturbances large-sized whirls and
counter whirls are largely determined by the general relations of the permanent pressure areas;
2. The prevailing drift of the atmosphere in temperate latitudes from west to east;
3. The proximity of the Pacific Ocean with a mean annual temperature near the coast line of
about 13 C. (55 F.), a great natural conservator of heat, and to which is chiefly due the
moderate range of temperature along the coast from San Diego even to Tatoosh Island; and
4. The exceedingly diversified topography of the country for a distance of 200 miles from
the coast inland.
PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION.
It was early shown by Hoffmeyer that the distribution of the great so-called permanent-
pressure areas over the North Atlantic Ocean determined largely the character of the seasons in
northern Europe. Teisserenc de Bort, discussing the causes of an abnormal winter in central
Europe, called attention to the fact that during this period the great high-pressure area ordinarily
overly- ing the Atlantic Ocean between latitudes 20 and 40 C north had moved somewhat from its
normal position. Eliot, Blanford, and others have shown that the great atmospheric movements
over India are more or less connected with the chief features of the weather there, particularly
with respect to the monsoons and rainfalls. Fassig has recently shown that the weather condi-
tions prevailing in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains during March may be con-
nected with the movement of the large pressure areas; and, in brief, that the weather of the
Middle Atlantic States" " is cold when the continental high controls, warm when the Atlantic
high extends its influence westward beyond the coast, and normal when there is a fairly equal
development in strength and extent of the two high areas, in which case now one, then the other,
is in control of the wind direction, bringing alternately cold and warm air to the region. The
paths of storms lie within the trough between the two high areas; when the trough is wide the
storm paths are widely scattered; as the high areas approach one another the storm paths are
contracted within narrower limits."
Over the North Pacific Ocean in winter there exists an area of low barometer covering the
region between the latitudes of -tO = and 60 C north and 130 west to 110 C east longitude. An area
of high pressure overlies the greater part of North America with a southwest extension to the
Tropics and west to the one hundred and sixtieth meridian. We shall find that typical wet
winters on the California coast occur when this great North Pacific low extends well eastward
overlying the continent west of a line drawn from San Francisco to Calgary. At the same time
the great continental high area apparently recedes to the southeast. On the other hand, the
Am. Jour, of Science, Vol. VII, Xov., 1899.
8 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
pressure distribution characteristic of a dry winter on the California coast is marked by the
prevalence of the continental high over the entire country west of the Rocky Mountains. This
relation is very clearly shown in the series of four charts following taken from Prof. A. J. Henry's
"Rainfall of the United States." Professor Henry states "The prevailing winds and the pressure
distribution shown on the chart for December, 1889, are favorable for heavy pi'ecipitation in
California and the plateau region. The pressure distribution is abnormal, as is also the rainfall;
* * * the chart represents an extreme condition, viz, a transfer of the usual track of low-
pressure areas of the northern boundary southward to central California and the plateau region
of Nevada and Arizona, * * * this region being ordinarily covered by an area of high
pressure."
This relation of permanent pressure distribution and rainfall is more plainly shown on the
series of charts for December, 1901, January and February, 1902. December and January
were months of marked deficiency in rainfall, and it will be noted that during this period the
continental " high " overspread nearly the entire country west of the Rocky Mountains. The
prevailing air movement in California under such conditions is from the north or northeast and,
as might naturally be inferred, such a circulation is accompanied by scanty precipitation.
During February, however, there is a noticeable change in pressure distribution. The
continental "high" is now well to the east of the Rocky Mountains, while the North Pacific
"low" has apparent! y moved well in over Vancouver Island and Washington. The general
air movement is now from the south and southwest and the rainfall very heavy, especially in
the northern coast counties of California. At some places in the redwood section the rainfall
amounted to as much as 40 inches during the month.
No one who has not lived in California can realize the relief which this generous rainfall
of February brought to an anxious community.
The extensive record of rainfall at San Francisco, covering a period of fifty-three years, may
be studied to advantage in connection with the pressure distribution. There were six Decembers
during which the rainfall exceeded 10 inches, the normal December rainfall being 5 inches.
These months were in 1852, 1866, 186T, 1871, 1880, and 1889. The pressure distributions for
the earlier years are not available, but the conditions for the month of December, 1889, are
characteristic and are shown in detail in the charts here given. The mean rainfall for December
at this station is about 5 inches; the greatest rainfall was in 1866, when 15 inches fell. In 1871
14 inches fell. The driest December on record was that of 1876, when no rain fell during the
entire month. Pressure charts are not available, but the probabilitj^ is that the chart would
greatly resemble that given for December, 1901. There were seven Decembers in this period in
which the total monthly precipitation did not exceed 1 inch.
For January a similar relationship is found to exist. In 1862 the rainfall exceeded 24 inches,
or nearly five times the normal amount. In 1866 over 10 inches fell; in 1878 nearly 12 inches,
and in 1890 over 9 inches. The driest January of recent 3 r ears was in 1891, when less than 1 inch
fell. The pressure distribution is that of the type shown by 1892 and 1889. For February the
mean rainfall is about 3 inches. In 1878 over 12 inches fell; in 1887 over 9 inches. In 1891
the February rainfall was 7.26 inches and in 1902, 7.27 inches. It is interesting to note that the
pressure charts for these years closely resemble each other over the country west of the Rocky
Mountains. On the Atlantic seaboard the pressure distributions are not alike.
CHART I
Pressure, Wind, and Rainfall during a Dry winter month. January, J889.
Pressure, Wind, and Rainfall during a Wet winter month. December, 1889.
CHART II
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CHART IX
4
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r
CONTROLLING FACTORS. S.'F
MONTHLY PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
.Dec.
Annual.
Season
of
Seasonal.
1849
1850
8 34
1 77
4 53
46
00
30
0.00
00
0.00
00
0.00
33
3.14
00
8.66
92
6.20
1 05
17 40
1849-50
33 10
1851
0.72
0.54
1.94
1.23
0.67
02
00
0.02
1.03
21
2.12
7 10
15 58
1850-51
7 40
1852
58
14
6 68
26
32
00
00
00
00
80
5 31
13 20
27 29
1851-52
18 46
1853
3 92
1.42
4 86
5 37
38
00
00
04
46
12
2.28
2 32
21 17
185''-53
35 26
1854
3 88
8 04
3 51
3 12
02
08
00
01
15
2.43
34
87
22 45
1853-54
23 87
1855
3 67
4 77
4 64
5 00
1.88
00
00
00
00
00
67
5 76
26 39
1854-55
23 76
1856
9 40
0.50
1.60
2.94
0.76
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.07
0.45
2.79
3.75
22 31
1855-56
21 66
1857
2 45
8 59
1 62
00
05
12
00
05
00
93
3 01
4 14
20 93
1856-57
19 88
1858
4 36
1.83
5.55
1.55
0.34
05
0.05
16
00
2.74
69
6 14
23 46
1857-58
21 81
1859
1 28
6 32
3 02
27
1 55
00
00
02
03
05
7 28
1 57
21 39
1858-59
22 22
1860 . .
1 64
1 60
3 99
3 14
2 86
09
21
00
00
91
58
6 16
21 18
1859-60
22 27
1861
2 47
3.72
4.08
0.51
1.00
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
4.10
9 54
25 52
1860-61
19 72
1862
24 36
7 53
2 20
73
74
05
00
o oo
00
52
15
2 35
38 63
1861-62
49 27
1863
3 63
3 19
2.06
1.61
0.23
00
00
00
0.03
00
2.55
1 80
15 10
1862-63
13 74
1S64
1 83
00
1 52
1 57
78
00
00
21
01
13
6 68
8 91
21 64
1863-64
10 08
1865
5 14
1 34
74
94
63
00
00
00
24
26
4 19
58
14 06
1864-65
24 73
1866
10 88
2 12
3.04
0.12
1.46
0.04
0.00
00
0.11
0.00
3.35
15 16
36 28
1865-66
22 93
1867
5 16
7 20
1 58
2 36
00
00
00
00
04
20
3 41
10 69
30 64
1866-67
34 92
1868
9 50
6 13
6 30
2 31
03
23
00
00
00
15
1.18
4 34
30 17
1867-68
38 84
1869
6 35
3.90
3.14
2 19
0.08
0.02
0.00
00
0.12
1.29
1.19
4 31
22 59
1868-69
21.35
1870
3 89
4 78
2 00
1 53
20
00
00
00
03
00
43
3 38
16 24
1869-70
19 31
1871
3 07
3 76
1 05
1 89
23
01
00
02
0.00
07
2.81
14 36
20 44
1870-71
14 10
1872
4 00
6.90
1.59
0.81
18
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.11
2.79
5.95
22.42
1871-72
30.78
1873
1 58
3 94
79
43
00
02
01
08
0.00
83
1.16
9 72
18 56
1872 73
18 02
1874
5 66
2 21
3 36
90
66
0.14
0.00
00
0.02
2.69
6.55
0.33
22 52
1873-74
23.98
1875
8 01
32
1 30
10
22
1 02
00
00
00
24
7 27
4 15
22 63
1874-75
18 40
1876
7 55
4 92
5 49
1 29
24
04
01
01
0.38
3 36
0.25
00
23 54
1875-76
26 01
1877
4 32
1.18
1.08
26
0.18
0.01
0.02
00
0.00
0.65
1.57
2.66
11.93
1876-77
11.04
1878
11 97
12 52
4 56
1 06
16
01
01
T
0.55
1 27
57
58
33 26
1877 78
35 18
1879
3 52
4 90
8 75
1 89
2 35
0.05
0.01
02
T.
0.78
4.03
4.46
30 76
1878-79
24.44
1880
2 23
1 87
2 08
10 06
1 12
00
00
00
00
05
33
12 33
30 07
1879-80
26 66
1881. .
8 69
4 65
90
2 00
22
n 69
00
00
0.25
0.54
1.94
3 85
23 73
1880-81
29.86
1882
1 68
2 %
3.45
1.22
0.21
0.04
0.00
00
0.26
2.66
4.18
2.01
18 67
1881-82
16.14
1883
1 92
1 04
3 01
1 51
3 52
01
00
00
0.42
1 48
1 60
92
15 43
1882-83
20 12
1884
3 94
6 65
8 24
6 33
23
2.57
T
04
0.33
2.55
0.26
7.68
38 82
1883-84
32.38
1885
2 53
0.30
1.01
3.17
0.04
0.19
0.06
T.
0.11
0.72
11.78
4.99
24.90
1884-85
18.10
1886
7 42
24
2 07
5 28
37
0.01
23
T
0.01
1.48
0.84
2 07
20 02
1885-86
33.05
1887
1 90
9.24
0.84
2 30
0.06
0.07
T
01
0.29
T.
0.99
3.34
19 04
1886-87
19.04
1888
6 81
94
3 60
11
38
27
01
01
98
13
3 99
5 80
23 03
1887-88
16 74
1889
1 28
72
7.78
96
2 17
0.03
01
T
T.
7.28
2.90
13 81
36 94
1888-89
23.86
1890
9.61
5.16
4.73
1.18
1.07
0.10
0.02
0.00
0.31
0.00
0.00
3.25
25.43
1889-90
45.85
1891
98
7 26
1 %
2 44
1 25
11
10
02
77
04
56
5 62
21 11
1890-91
17.58
1892
2 42
2 90
2.85
1.39
1.86
T.
00
0.00
0.02
1.65
3.91
5.08
22 08
1891-92
18.53
1893
3.05
2.75
4.08
1.03
0.15
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.21
0.16
4.18
2.25
17.91
1892-93
22.05
1894
5 99
2 69
60
0.50
1.31
0.56
T
0.00
1.05
1.73
0.88
9 01
24 32
1893-94
18.47
1895
1896
6.99
8 14
2.31
28
1.89
2 85
1.24
6 16
0.60
72
0.00
0.00
0.00
09
0.77
52
0.11
1 55
1.78
4 56
1.43
4 34
17.13
28 25
1894-95
1895-96
27.29
21.25
1897. ...
2 26
4 41
4.56
0.27
0.61
0.22
T.
0.10
1.70
1.05
1.22
16 40
1896-97
23.43
1898
1.12
2.13
0.24
0.19
1.44
0.19
T.
1.06
0.86
0.46
1.62
9.31
1897-98
9.38
1899
1900
3.67
4 11
0.10
0.64
7.61
1.91
0.62
1.08
0.86
0.32
0.01
0.05
T.
T.
T.
0.00
0.46
3.92
1.48
3.79
3.91
2.65
1.37
23.23
15.33
1898-99
1899-00
16.87
18.47
1901
5 79
5 03
80
1 64
69
T
T
T
78
0.64
3.48
90
19 75
1900-01
21.17
1902
1.23
7.27
2 65
0.98
1.05
0.00
T.
T.
T.
1.70
1.98
2.32
19.18
1901-02
18.98
Means . . .
4 85
3.54
3.14
1.82
0.73
0.14
0.02
0.02
0.23
1.05
2.75
4.80
22.76
22.75
10
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
FIG. 1. Seasonal rainfall at San Francisco, 1849-1902.
CONTROLLING FACTORS.
11
FIG. 2. Seasonal rainfall at San Francisco, Cal. Intensity or amount in inches. (Normal, 23 inches.)
FIG. 3. Seasonal rainfall at San Francisco, Cal. Frequency, or number of days. (Average, 71 days.)
12 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
A study of the charts in the Monthly Weather Eeview makes plain the positive character
of the relationship between pressure distribution and the amount of rainfall. It will probably
be found upon investigation that the frequency of rainfall as well as the intensity bear a direct
relation to the pressure distribution as described above. In addition to the charts of the Monthly
Weather Review excellent material for a further study of these relationships is to be found in
the various international bulletins and synoptic charts of the various meteorological services.
The path of storms will be determined by the position of the great permanent areas. When
the North Pacific low extends well to the southward in winter the storm tracks are well to the
southward. And conversely if far to the north, the mean paths will also be far north.
MOVEMENT OF AREAS OF HIGH PRESSURE.
By referring to the charts published in the Monthly Weather Review it will be seen that,
especially during winter months, areas of high pressure frequently lag in their eastern march over
the country between the Sierra and Rocky Mountains. Such conditions are alluded to elsewhere
as being generally accompanied by tule fog in the great valleys with temperatures ranging from
30 to 40 at sea level and from 40 to 50 at an elevation of about 1,000 feet. Warm weather
with high northerly winds is apt to prevail in southern California during the early part of the
winter, while, strangely enough, under somewhat similar conditions of pressure distribution
during January and February, cool nights with frost in the morning may be expected in southern
California.
During the prevalence of a slow moving area of high pressure it has been found that
depressions of moderate depth sometimes develop on what may be called the periphery of the
high to the south and southwest. During the months of November, December, and January
under such conditions rain will begin falling without much warning along the coast from Point
Conception southward. The forecast official can from the very nature of things give but little
advance warning of such disturbances.
MOVEMENT OF AREAS OF LOW PRESSURE.
STORMS OF THE WEST PACIFIC OCEAN.
A discussion of these storms falls more properly under the province of the Hydrographic
Office; but so interesting are the few facts which are fairly well established that brief mention
must be made of them. The typhoons of the West Pacific have been studied with much care and
skill by the staff of the observatory at Manila, and particular mention must be made of the work
of the director of the observatory, P. Jose Algue, S. J., and P. Juan 'Doyle, S. J., subdirector
of the observatory. Algue's " Baguios 6 Ciclones Filipinos" and Doyle's "Tifones del Archi-
pielago Filipino y Mares Circunvecinos" are the best contributions to the subject.
Excellent directions for mariners and much information of a practical character is to be
found in The Law of Storms in the Eastern Seas, by W. Doberck, director of the observatory at
Hongkong. The observatories .at Tokyo and Shanghai have also collected much material relating
to storm development and motion on the Asiatic coast. Reference should also be made to the
work of Dr. Paul Bergholz, director of the meteorological observatory at Bremen, who has given
special attention to the storms of the East Indies. A translation of an address by this author on
"The origin, paths, and limiting zones of the typhoons of the Orient," by Professor Abbe, was
published in the Monthly Weather Review for September, 1899, and an abstract of this follows:
CONTROLLING FACTORS.
13
TYPHOONS OF THE PACIFIC OCEAX.
The following table shows at a glance a classification of the hurricanes of the Pacific Ocean:
Typhoons of the. Pacific Ocean.
^
Group.
Months.
Trend of first
branch, a
Latitude of
vertex of
parabola.
Trend of second
branch.
January
1
15-19
March .-...
April- Ma v
Mav
2
16-1
Northeast
November
lulv . .
3
''1 25
August
September
"Namely, when passing the small circle of latitude for Manila.
In general, the paths of these hurricanes are all parabolic. The average trend of the paths or the inclination to
the meridian is much larger when they pass the latitude of Manila ( 14 S5 7 north ) than the average trend in the first
branch. This is particularly noticeable during the months of the first group, and this evidently results from the fact
that the latitude of the intersection [vertex?] of the path agrees very nearly with the latitude of Manila.
If now, with the assistance of the charts of isobars, we determine the conditions under which the cyclones are
formed in the different months and groups of months, we find:
(a) The paths of the hurricanes of the Pacific Ocean in the first group start from the region between two areas
of high pressure, one of which lies over the continent, the other over the Pacific Ocean. They lead toward the
center of low pressure that occupies a portion of Bering Sea. The hurricanes of the China Sea keep within lower
latitudes, namely, those which are reached by the limiting isobars of the Asiatic center of high pressure. In pro-
portion as the centers of high pressure flatten out and withdraw during the period from January to March, so these
extreme isobars retreat toward the north, and consequently the paths of the hurricanes extend farther north.
(6) With reference to the second group, the charts of monthly isobars show that the hurricanes of the Pacific
Ocean in April and May move between the extreme isobais of the high-pressure areas of the Pacific Ocean and Asia.
(c) The paths of the hurricanes of the China Sea keep south of the isobar 760 mm., belonging to the high-
pressure area of Asia and the low-pressure area of Hindostan. In October and November, in proportion as the
Asiatic high-pressure area develops, these are pushed more and more into lower latitudes; moreover, the develop-
ment of the area of low pressure in Hindostan is an index to these paths.
(d) The hurricanes of the Pacific Ocean, especially in October, pass along the broad zone between the Philip-
pines and Japan, on the one hand, and the isobar of 760 mm. surrounding the high-pressure area of the Pacific. In
November this zone becomes narrower by reason of the further development of the continental area of high pressure.
The hurricanes of the Pacific Ocean belonging to this group also pursue paths toward the depression in the extreme
north, which bears north-northeast from Manila.
() It is characteristic for the months of the third group that from June to September, at least to the middle of
the latter month, the center of high pressure withdraws from the coast of Asia, and finally disappears. In connection
with this the paths of the hurricanes attain higher latitudes, and those of the Pacific Ocean recurve very near the
meridian of 125 east, therefore nearer to the Philippines than in the previous months. A single exception offers in
the case of the hurricanes of the second half of September, whose recurving points are from 5 to 8 farther east.
All hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean have as their ultimate destination the northern center of low pressure. The
paths of the hurricanes of the China Sea trend more toward the north in proportion as the high pressure area of the
continent moves northward, and do this, therefore, up to the end of August and the beginning of September; if,
however, the low-pressure area moves toward the south about the beginning of September, then also the paths of
these cyclones must follow it. Some of the July hurricanes after recurving follow paths going very nearly north-
ward: they cross over the Yellow Sea and travel toward a small center of low pressure that has developed in Siberia.
The reader who is interested in the movements of the storms of the Asiatic coast may read
with profit Bulletin H, Weather Bureau, 1900, on West Indian Hurricanes, by Prof. E. B.
Garriott. since the typhoon on the Pacific Ocean and the hurricane of the West Indies are storms
of the same general character and have much in common.
14 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
During the years 1895, 1896, and 1897 the Weather Bureau office at San Francisco made an
attempt to trace the path of a disturbance across the ocean. By means of a large number of ship
reports obtained through the courtesy of the Hjdrographic Office the approximate path of a
disturbance was determined. On the accompanying chart there is shown the path of a disturb-
ance covering a period extending from November 20, 1895, to January 14, 1896. This path was
determined by Prof. W. H. Hammon.
It may also be of interest to present a section of the same disturbance in its passage just
preceding and following the point of recurvature.
To illustrate the difficulties of forecasting on the Pacific coast owing to the absence of reli-
able data over the ocean, the accompanying charts showing a forecast official's map with the
conditions existing on the morning of January 13, 1896, and the real condition as subsequently
determined by platting the observations of ships traversing the North Pacific. It is interesting
to notice that a forecast of "rain" for the ensuing thirty-six hours might with the fuller knowl-
edge obtained later have been changed to a long-range forecast covering a period of many days.
As a matter of fact, there was no rain reported at San Francisco during the first twelve days of
the month of January, 1896; but rain fell on every day from the 13th to the 21st and the total
rainfall for this month was 8.14 inches, or nearly double the normal January rainfall.
LOW AREAS ON THE PACIFIC COAST.
Professor C. Abbe, in Monthly Weather Review, November, 1896, states that
The daily chart for the northern hemisphere accompanying the bulletin of international simultaneous meteoro-
logical observations, 1875-1887, has long since familiarized the student with the fact that areas of low pressure frequently
pursue very long paths for many consecutive days in their circuit around the north temperate regions. Those that
start in the equatorial portions of the Atlantic or Pacific, after passing northwest and curving to the northeast, finally
move east-northeastward between the forty-fifth and sixty-fifth parallels. Others start in the temperate regions, and
without moving to the westward or recurving, pursue nearly the whole path in an east-northeast direction. In
describing the history of areas of low pressure the authors who have contributed chapters to the successive Monthly
Weather Reviews for nearly twenty-five years past have usually kept in mind the fact that "lows" which first appear
in Washington, Oregon, Montana, and Alberta, or British Columbia, have probably originated at some point far to
the west, and if occasionally the description of such a storm begins by speaking of it as originating over our North
Pacific slope region, this is a slip of the pen which the reader may generally interpret without being misled by it.
On several occasions I have pointed out the fact that the isobars, and therefore the winds at a considerable
distance above the earth's surface, have very little resemblance to the isobars and winds at sea level. In fact, the
normal isobars at an elevation of 5,000 meters (which represents a surface a little above the summits of the Rocky
Mountains) present a grand oval depression whose longest axis extends from the United States toward the north-
northwest over the Saskatchewan and the Arctic regions to eastern Siberia. By studying a polar projection of the
northern hemisphere we perceive that the whole upper circulation of winds and clouds and the general movement
of areas of low pressure and high pressure are related to this distribution of pressure in the upper layers of air.
When a storm center moves from Japan to the North Pacific, or from the latter to our Pacific coast, or from Alberta
and Oregon southeastward, or from Texas and Kansas northeastward, it is describing some portion of a circuit about
this great upper region of low pressure. It is simply a special whirl gliding about in the maelstrom that occupies
one-half of the northern hemisphere. The axis of this oval polar maelstrom probably changes its position with
considerable regularity, oscillating slowly to and fro; therefore the paths which the smaller disturbances describe
will vary simultaneously with that; sometimes the storms will move far to the south either in America or in Russia
in order to circumnavigate the southern extension of the longer axis of the oval; but will thereby diminish in
intensity and almost die out. Sometimes a new whirl will start at the southern end of the oval; sometimes all the
paths of the low areas will lie on the northern border of the United States and Canadian weather charts because the
polar maelstrom has altered its dimensions and locations. Even the great subpermanent areas of low pressure in
the North Atlantic and North Pacific are subordinate to the greater area of low pressure at the upper level and its
attendant winds.
These remarks were made in discussing the following notes by Professors McAdie, Henry,
and Hammon bearing upon the origin and paths of areas of low pressure on the Pacific coast:
A little study of weather types on the Pacific slope makes it plain that certain conditions traverse the country
from the Pacific; thus to take at random the month of January, 1895, some of the deep lows that might have been
supposed to originate over Manitoba or farther west over Assiniboia, Alberta, and British Columbia did not so
originate, but are storms that can be traced distinctly in their onward march from the northern-central Pacific Ocean
northwestward, often recurving and doubling in their paths, but preserving identity. Passing south of Sitka they
CHART X
I
s-
u
u
u:
'u
a
CHART XI
CHAOT XII
o
a
-
c
a
a.
f- _a
CONTROLLING FACTORS. 15
march eastward and reach Newfoundland in about one hundred and twenty hours. For example, a storm passed
from Sitka to St. Johns between January 12 and 17. This storm did not originate in the Northwest Territory, but
clearly came in from the Pacific. Where it did originate we do not know, but it is an error to locate its origin in any
of the Northwest territories. And this is probably true of most storms which are said to originate over Athabasca or
Saskatchewan. The truth is that storms first come into notice in these localities, but originate elsewhere.
* * * * * * *
The storms of the Pacific coast present a characteristic that is worthy of special study, viz, an apparent oscillation
from the ocean to the land, and vice versa; that is to say, the low approaches the coast and partially disappears,
reappearing within a period of twelve to thirty-six hours, and continuing this action until the storm finally disappears.
* * * * *
During the past two years I have been engaged, during my leisure time, in preparing weather charts of the
Pacific Ocean. Some remarkable information has been obtained from these charts. The storms that approach the
Pacific coast from the ocean frequently recurve several times after touching the coast, the number of oscillations
being greater the farther south the storm approaches the coast.
* * * * * * *
Professor Abbe holds that
The fact that a storm moves southward, ricochetting along the Pacific coast, and probably dying away as it
progresses, harmonizes with the general theory of the movement of vortices. If the general distribution of pressure
at sea level, and especially at 16,000 feet, is such as to give the storm center a general movement southward or
southeastward along the Pacific coast, then the influences of the high mountain land in the interior of California
and the plateau lands of Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Arizona are like those of a barrier against which a
small atmospheric vortex may strike, only to be reflected several times in succession. A further special influence
of these high lands is to furnish descending dry air whose mixture with the moist air of the whirlwind rapidly
diminishes the quantity of condensation and the sustaining power of the whole mechanism. The inverse conditions
prevail on the east slope of the Rocky Mountains, where, therefore, a whirl once started is apt to increase in all
characteristic phenomena. Possibly this process is illustrated by the low area of October 29, 1896, in regard to
which Professor McAdie writes: "On Monday, October 26, 1896, a, m., a low, 29.70, with southeast winds,
appeared on the Oregon coast. Taking a most unusual course, this storm passed southward and on the morning of
the 27th was over central California (San Francisco, 29.56, southeast wind, 1.10 inches rainfall). By 10 o'clock of
the same day the storm was moving down the San Joaquiu Valley, and heavy rain was falling over southern
California. On the morning of the 28th the pressure was 29.78 at El Paso, with rain, and the storm was out of
our limits of observation, but just coming into prominence elsewhere."
PREVAILING AIR DRIFT AND OCEAN EFFECT.
The prevailing easterly drift of the atmosphere in temperate latitudes, causing the well-
known winds from the west, is one of the prime factors in modifying the climate of the coast of
California, This coast line, stretching for 10 degrees of latitude, is subjected to a steady indraft
of air from the west. In this movement, together with the fact that to the west is the great
Pacific Ocean, lies the secret of the difference in temperatures between the Atlantic and the
Pacific coasts at places of like latitude. For some years there has been an impression that the
milder climate of the Pacific coast was due to a warming influence of the Kuro Siwo, or Japan
current. No reliable data exist to support such a belief, and it is quite unlikely that the Japan
current plays any important part in modifying the climate of the Pacific coast. The active
factors are, as said above, the prevailing easterly drift of the atmosphere and the proximity of
the mass of water, a great natural conservator of heat. Further on, the equability of the mean
annual temperatures along the coast of California, a distance of nearly 1,000 miles, is discussed,
and the area might be extended to include practically the whole of the Pacific coast. One of the
most noticeable differences between the climate of the Atlantic and Pacific seaboards is found in
the trend of the isotherms, those of the Atlantic coast corresponding more or less with the
parallels of latitude, while on the Pacific coast the isotherms run more nearly like meridians.
Too much emphasis can not be laid upon the effect of these two factors, the easterly drift of the
air and the proximity of the ocean in modifying climate. It is probable that if one of these
conditions could be reversed and the general movement of the air in these latitudes be from east
to west, marked differences in climatic conditions would result, and the Pacific coast might then
have a rigorous climate.
16 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
I
TOPOGRAPHY.
The State of California extends from latitude 32 40' north to 42 north with a mean length
of something less than 800 miles. The average width of the State is about 200 miles, and it has
an area of 155,980 square miles, or 99,827,200 acres. The coast line of the State corresponds in
position to that portion of the Atlantic coast extending from Boston to Savannah. Very few
rivers, however, empty into the ocean, and in both topography and hydrography there is but
little resemblance between the Atlantic and Pacific seaboards. The mountain ranges and other
marked physical features play an important role in determining local climates, a discussion of
which in detail will be given further on. It will not be out of place at this point, though, to call
attention to the fact that the highest and lowest lands in the United States, excluding Alaska, are
in California. Mount Whitney has an elevation of 4,427 meters (14,522 feet"); Mount Shasta,
4,383 meters (14,380 feet 6 ); and by referring to the table of elevations c it will be seen that we
know of at least 43 well-defined mountain peaks with elevations exceeding 3,048 meters (10,000
feet). On the other hand, at Salton and Volcano the depression is 80 meters (263 feet) below
sea level. Death Valley, the bed of an old lake about 75 miles long and 6 miles wide, lies, in
southeastern California, just north of the great Mohave Desert.
A few illustrations showing the diversity of climatic conditions may be of interest. In the
Colorado Desert, in the southern portion of the State, shade temperatures as high as 54 C.
(130 F.) have been recorded. Mean monthly temperatures not much below 38 C. (100 F.)
frequently occur at Volcano, Salton, Indio, Mammoth Tank, and other places in the great arid
regions of southern California, and particularly in the Valley of the Colorado. In the Sierra,
just north of Lake Tahoe, temperatures as low as 34 C. (30 F.) have occurred. During
the winter of 1898 a minimum thermometer exposed on one of the high Sierra peaks, Mount
L}'ell, recorded 27 C. (17 F.). During the same period the temperature at Bodie reached
a minimum of -34 C. (-30 F.).
The mean annual rainfalls, as might be expected, vary from 1 inch to 75 inches. At Mammoth
Tank for twenty-three years the mean annual rainfall amounts to 1.81 inches, but here and at
other stations there have been years when the rainfall did not exceed a trace.
At Upper Mattole the average annual rainfall is 81 inches, and in indvidual years rainfalls
approximating 100 inches have occurred. The following are some single year rainfalls: Laporte
120 inches, 1896; 101 inches, 1898. Bowman's Dam 119 inches, 1884; 110 inches, 1896. Delta
111 inches, 1889; 100 inches, 1896. Upper Mattole 102 inches, 1896; 101 inches, 1889.
Edmonton 102 inches, 1896. Snowfall is confined in general to the central and northern por-
tions of the State and to the mountains of the south. At Summit an annual snowfall of 697
inches has been reported.
The coast line of nearly 1,000 miles shows a difference of but 10 F. in the mean annual
temperatures of its northern and southern limits. At Eureka the temperature is 11 C. (51 F.);
at San Francisco, 13 C. (56 F.), and at San Diego 16 C. (61 F.).
That the coast climates are very equable is shown by the following mean monthly departures.
At Eureka the mean January temperature is 46, or a departure of 5 from the annual mean;
at San Francisco the mean January temperature is 50, or a departure of 6 C from the annual
mean, and at San Diego the mean January temperature is 54, or a departure of 7 from the
annual mean.
Similarly for the month of July the temperature at Eureka is 56, or 5 above the annual;
at San Francisco, 59, or 3 above the annual, and at San Diego 68, or 7 above the annual.
The highest mean annual temperature found in the Colorado Desert is about 78, and the
lowest mean annual temperature for stations in the Sierra (Summit, for example) is 42, or a
total annual range of 36.
The absolute range as stated above is from 130 F. (54 C.) to -30 F. (-35 C.); 160 F.
(89 C.)
a Authority, Langley. & Authority, U. S. Geological Survey. <" Authority, The Sierra Club, of San Francisco.
CONTROLLING FACTORS.
17
The various elements of sunshine, humidity, wind velocity, and direction vary in different
parts of the State to almost as great a degree as rainfall and temperature. Unfortunately con-
tinuous and systematic records of these elements are not available for most portions of the State.
The general movement of the air over the State is from the west and north, with strong
southeasterly indrafts during the months of November, December. January, and February
whenever marked cyclonic disturbances approach the State from the northwest. The general
movement of the air in California is decidedly modified and certainly in the lowermost strati
almost entirely controlled b\ the topography. Particularly interesting are the accentuated
movements in the great valleys, as shown in the well-known "northers" of May and June. The
prevailing westerly winds, wherever allowed access to the interior through gaps in the Coast
Range, are greatly intensified and exhibit in both frequency and duration a well-marked relation
to the temperatures prevailing in the interior.
One of the most trying climatic conditions prevailing in California is the so-called "norther'''
or hot north wind which, blowing in the great valleys, is both injurious to ripening crops and
irritating to man and beast. May. June, and July are the months of greatest frequency. The
condition is as a rule associated with the presence of an area of high pressure over the North
Pacific Ocean and a deepening of the usual summer " low" over southeastern California and the
Valley of the Colorado. Temperatures of 43 C. (110 F.) or more occur under these conditions.
As these brisk northerly winds are very dry and dust laden, ripe fruit and wheat are seriously
injured, while human beings and stock suffer greatly because of the irritating effects of the
'* norther."
In southern California a somewhat similar condition is known as the "Santa Ana. v In all
of these cases the air has been dynamically heated and dried, either by descensional movement, as
when flowing down the mountains or by horizontal movement over superheated plains nd
deserts.
In the tabulated data which appears further on it will be noticed that the general conditions
of temperature and rainfall are greatly modified by the local topography. In California, perhaps
more so than in any other part of the habitable earth, a great diversity of climate exists. Within
comparatively short distances one may pass from a climate requiring the lightest of summer
garments to one requiring overcoats and heavy wraps. A short study of a relief map of Cali-
fornia will throw much light on the cause of the great diversity of climate. The subject is
discussed in detail in the chapter upon the "Climate of San Francisco," where a marked modifi-
cation of the normal conditions is undoubtedly affected by the peculiar topography of the
locality.
TABLE OF ELEVATIONS EXCEEDING 1,000 METERS (3,281 FEET) IN CALIFORNIA.
Many of the elevations have been supplied by Profs. George Davidson and J. N. Le Conte. For peaks in the High Sierra not included
here see supplementary tables.
[Abstracted from Sierra Club's Publication Xo. 8."]
Place.
County.
Elevation.
Latitude.
Longi-
tude.
Authority.
Meters.
Feet.
Sierra.
2,570
2,373
3,179
2,629
1.M
1,930
3,069
2,506
2,110
1,156
1,820
1,709
and R. H
8,432
7,785
10,430
8,625
6,036
6,333
10,068
8,422
6,920
3,793
5,973
5,607
. Chaptna
O '
39 54
38 37
38 39
38 52
3949
3551
3829
41 26
37 45
37 7
39 57
40 55
n, of the I
O '
120 7
120 15
120 00
120 4
121 8
11727
119 45
122 3
119 32
121 51
121 29
121 23
. S. Geoloe
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Wheeler.
Do.
U.S.G.8.
Wheeler.
U.S.C. andG.S.
C.3.G.S.
Do.
ical Survey.
\lder Hill
Angora Peak .
Eldorado
Plumas
Argrus Pea k
San Bernardino
A?h Creek Butte . . Siskivou
Bache Mountain ( Loma Prieta) . Santa Clara.
Bald Hill Butte
BaM Mountain Shasta
" This table was compiled for the Sierra Club by Mark B. Kerr, C. E
1176 Bull. Lr 03 2
18 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
TABLE OF ELEVATIONS EXCEEDING 1,000 METEKS (3,281 FEET) IN CALIFORNIA Continued.
Place.
County.
Elevation.
Latitude.
Longi-
tude.
Authority.
Meters.
Feet.
1,804
1,406
2,419
1,006
1,791
1,904
1,189
2,317
1,494
2,015
2,209
2,387
2,608
1,347
2,912
2,636
2,031
1,771
1,408
2,265
4,137
2,022
1,643
3,583
1,156
1,409
1,284
2,156
2,402
2,791
2,387
1,293
2,377
1,756
2,744
2,152
1,346
2,652
t 2,463
I 2,355
1,069
1,325
3,009
2,786
3,962
2,531
1,973
1,158
2,517
1,076
2,105
2,032
2,133
2,137
3,021
1,128
2,286
1,009
3,830
1,931
4.208
5,918
4,613
7, 936
3,301
5,878
6,246
3,904
7,604
4,903
6,611
7,248
7,831
8,557
4,419
9,553
8,650
6,664
5,811
4,622
7,429
13, 573
6,635
5,392
11,755
3,794
4,622
4,215
7,073
7,880
9,157
7,831
4,246
7,800
5,760
9,002
7,062
4,415
8,700
8,084
7,728
3,500
4,349
9,872
9,139
13,000
8,308
6,475
3,800
8,257
3,530
6,907
6,665
6,999
7,014
9,912
3,699
7,500
3,311
12,666
6,336
14.059
o /
39 42
38 54
36 41
39 38
39 34
40 34
39 15
37 46
39 50
37 42
39 46
40 13
41 57
39 46
40 34
41 31
41 22
41 48
41 50
39 26
36 40
37 44
35 41
38 10
37 40
37 35
37 33
4032
40 49
38 12
10 18
39 41
41 10
39 43
41 5
37 43
36 23
38 47
37 43
34 50
35 56
38 15
39 22
38 3
41 36
40 30
36 28
37 21
37 8
40 32
39 17
39 53
39 53
37 46
39 10
38 40
34 7
37 58
35 37
36 34
t
120 59
120 42
119 00
121 20
120 57
122 38
120 58
119 33
121 21
119 41
120 26
121 22
120 8
121 25
121 20
122 7
121 52
130 49
122 22
120 38
118 30
119 32
117 1
119 23
120 7
119 53
120 4
122 45
121 38
119 47
121 23
123 35
122 40
121 6
123 10
119 32
121 47
119 50
119 29
118 56
12020
119 50
120 21
119 15
120 16
122 59
121 5
119 25
121 50
121 19
120 34
120 55
120 57
119 29
120 52
119 43
118 55
119 19
118 27
118 9
U.8.G.S.
Do.
Whitney.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Do.
DO.
Wheeler.
U. S. G. S.
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
Wheeler.
Do.
U.S.G.S.
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Whitney.
Wheeler.
Do.
Do.
U. S. G. S.
Wheeler.
U. S. G. S.
Do.
Do.
Wheeler.
Do.
U. S. C. and G. S.
U. S. G. S.
Do.
U. S. C. and G. S.
Wheeler.
U. S. C. and G. S.
U. S. G. S.
Wheeler.
S. C. (Kerr).
U. S. C. and G. S.
Wheeler.
U. S. G. S.
Whitney.
Wheeler.
U. S. G. S.
Whitney.
Wheeler.
Whitney.
Wheeler.
Do.
Do.
C. S. G. S.
Wheeler.
U. S. G. S.
Do.
Wheeler.
U. S. C. and G. S.
Wheeler.
Le Conte.
Do
Do
Bald Rock
Butte
Bald Top
Sierra
Shasta
Banner Hill
Nevada
Bear Ranch Hill . .
Plumas
do
Bid well Peak
Modoc
Big Bar Hill
Butte
Black Butte
Lassen
Black Crater .
Siskivou
do
Kistivnn
Kern
Browns Peak . .
San Bernardino
Mono .
do.
Bullion Peak
do
Shasta-Trinitv
Burney Butte
Shasta
Bust Rock
Butte Mountain
Plumas . . .
Callahans Peak or Scott Mountain
Siskiyou-Trinity
Canon Creek Peak or Scott Mountain
Trinity
Cap of Liberty
Carmel Mountain
Monterey. ..
Cascade Cliff
Castac Lake
Kern
Castle Rock
Tuolumne . .
Castle Peak
Do
Tuolumne-Mono
Cedar Peak
Chauchelulla Mountain ; Trinitv
Chiquito Peak
Madera. . ..
Choual Mountain
Cinder Cone
Lassen
Cisco Butte
Claremont Hill
Plumas
Clermont Hill
do
Clouds Rest
Mariposa
Cold Spring Hill
Colorado Hill
Conejo Peak
Conness Mountain
Cnnks Point.
Corcoran (same as Sheep) . . .
Invo. . .
a Approximate position.
CONTROLLING FACTORS. 19
TABLE OF ELEVATIONS EXCEEDING 1,000 METERS (3,281 FEET) IN CALIFORNIA Continued.
Elevation.
Authority.
Meters.
'
tude.
Feet.
Cose Peak Inyo 2, 568
r Of
8, 425 36 IS 117 46
7,633 37 55 119 44
flkTll I 40 42 121 35
4,807 41 53 121 52
10,015 38 54 120 9
8, 428 39 28 120 3
3,985 3827 12032
8,529 34 12 117 35
9,538 3823 11953
5,635 38 54 120 26
5,340 38 57 120 32
7,700 , 39 17 120 26
6,985 37 32 119 44
3,849 37 53 121 55
7.667 40 18 120 38
10,085 ! 38 27 j 119 42
6,743 41 46 121 39
5,537 41 46 121 8
8,263 35 1 118 29
5,859 37 58 120 7
7, 177 39 8 120 30
7,369 40 15 121 1
5, 115 40 35 120 45
7, 751 37 44 119 37
9,933 41 17 120 13
8,484 : 38 16 119 52
7, 162 37 45 119 36
9, 151 41 19 122 30
3,680 32 55 116 49
7, 012 37 44 119 38
9,635 38 41 119 59
8, 745 39 4 120 11
7,846 ; 39 42 120 41
8, 404 39 27 120 33
7,490 39 45 120 43
7,532 39 24 120 38
6,085 4033 121 16
7,816 i 39 43 120 51
7, 470 39 29 120 34
6,688 37 44 119 41
10,749 i 38 25 119 37
6, 132 39 46 121 4
7,995 40 32 120 41
10,900 1 38 51 119 54
3,381 3645 12130
7, 211 : 37 44 119 34
7,850 : 41 37 121 30
6,493 34 24 118 11
13,528 i 37 6 118 50
4, 697 41 50 120 25
8,447 41 44 122 14
10,373 38 12 119 45
6, 196 39 45 120 59
5,830 ' 41 59 123 31
6,424 39 50 121 11
6,804 j 41 8 121 59
7,687 39 52 120 32
6,207 37 43 119 33
11,723 34 10 116 50
8,028 39 2 120 17
8,823 37 44 119 32
4.209 37 20 121 39
8.875 40 26 121 18
Wheeler.
Do.
U. S. G. S.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Wheeler.
r. s. G. s.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Wheeler.
U. S. C. and G. 8.
Wheeler.
Do.
U. S. G. S.
Do.
Wheeler.
U. S. G. S.
Do.
Wheeler.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
U. S. G. 8.
Do.
Wheeler.
C. S. G. S.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Wheeler.
r. s. G. s.
Do.
Wheeler.
Do.
U.&G.S.
Do.
Do.
Whitney.
Wheeler.
C. S. G. S.
Wheeler.
Whitney.
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
r.S.C.and G.S.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Do.
Wheeler.
Do.
Do.
Do.
U.S.C.andG.8.
Whpplpr
Cotton wood Peak . . . . Tuolumne 2, 327
Crater Peak Shasta 2 659
Cratpr (Rhptt Tjikp) Modoc 1 165
Crystal Peak El Dorado : 3 053
Do Sierra '569
Croftsman Mountain . Amador 1 214
Pardanpllp Cone Tiiolnmnp 9 907
Deer Knob El Dorado 1 718
Devil Peak do 1 628
Do Placer 2 347
Do Mariposa 2129
Diablo Mountain Contra Costa 1 173
Disaster Peak Alpine 3 075
Dome Mountain Siskivou 2 055
DoubleHead . . Modoc 1,687
Double Peak Kern ' 2518
Duckwalls Mountain Tuolumne 1,786
Duncan Peak Placer 2,118
Prer Peak l/ftSs^n-Plumftfl 2,?46
Fglp Lflto Las-en 1 -5.V
F^glp ppt Mariposa 2^3*5?
Do Modoc 3,029
Do Tuolumiu- 2 ->H>
Eagle Tower Mariposa . 2, 183
Kririv Wnnn;nin Kfekivnn ,, 2,790
Fl Cajon Mountain -"^an PiPgo 1 ( 12?
El Capitan Mariposa 2,137
Elephants Back Alpine . 2, 937
Ellis Mountain Placer... ' 2,666
Flwptt Mountain ' Plumas 2,391
Fnglieh Mountain ! JCPVarla. i 2 ( 5fil
F^reka Mountain ... Pl'"" 2,2^3
FA!! Crppk Mountain Xprada 2,29fi
Fpathpr I jikp i Lassen ....1 1 , ***&
Fillmore Mountain Sierra ' 2 382
Findley Peak Nevada. 2,277
Fire Place Bluff Mariposa 2,039
Fish Vallev Peak Mono 3,275
Franklin Hill Plumas !,
Freel Peak . El Dorado 3,319
Gavilan Peak San Benito I 030
Glacier Point . Mariposa . 2 199
Glass Mountain Siskivou . ?,393
Goddard Mountain Fresno ... 4,124
Gonsp Lakf Modoc 1 -130
Gonsp Xpst Mountain Siskivou , ? 575
cirass Vallpv Hill Plumas 1 887
Grayback Del Xorte 1,777
Grizz'.v Hill Plumas . 1 958
Grizzlv Peak Shasta 2,073
Do Plumas 2,343
I'" Mariposa 1,892
Guide Peak Placer i 2, 447
Half Dome Mariposa 2 688
Hamilton Mountain Santa Clara 1283
HarknessPeak .. . Plumas... 2.705
20 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
TABLE OP ELEVATIONS EXCEEDING 1,000 METERS (3,281 FEET) IN CALIFORNIA Continued.
Place.
Haskells Peak
Hat Peak
Hawkins Peak
Hayden Hill
Haystack Peak
Hepsidam
Highland Peak
Hoffman Mountain
Do
Hoopah Mountain
Hot Springs Peak
Houghs Peak
Hulls Mountain
Humboldt Mountain '
laqua Butte
Ingalls Mountain
Indian Kock
Iron Mountain
Jackson Mountain
Jackson Peak
Jeff Davis Peak
Jobs Peak
Jobs Sister
Jura Mountain
Kai-al-au-wa Hill
Kettle Rock
Keystone Mountain
King Peak
Kivet Mountain
Lady Bug Peak
Larrabce Butte
Lassen Peak
County.
Elevation.
Latitude.
Meters. Feet.
Sierra
Lassen
Alpine
Lassen
Tuolumne
San Benito
Alpine
Siskiyou
Tuolumne-Mariposa. .
Ilumboldt
Lassen
Plumas
Mendocino
Humboldt
...do...
Plumas
Mariposa . .
Humboldt .
Plumas
Nevada
Alpine
.do
do
Plumas
Mariposa . .
Plumas
Sierra
Humboldt.
...do...
Lassie Moun tain
Leaning Tower
Leavitte Peak
Leek Spring Hill
Leviathan Peak
Limestone Point
Lincoln Mountain
Linn Mountain
Little Antelope Peak
Little Klamath Lake
Lola Mountain
1. 1 1) MM Prieta (Mountain Bache)
Lone Star Hill
Lookout Hill
Lookout Peak
Lovers' Leap
Lyell Mountain
Maggies Peaks
Magee Peak
Malurango Peak
Markleeville Peak
McDonald Peak
McGill Peak
McKesick Peak
McKinstry Peak
Mocho Mountain
Mokelumn*
Mono Pass..
Moore Hill .
Needle Peak
Sierra
Humboldt
Shasta-Tehama-Pl u-
mas.
Humboldt-Trinity
Mariposa
Tuolumne
Eldorado
Alpine
Plumas
Placer
Tehama
Mono
Siskiyou
Nevada...
Santa Clara.
Inyo
do....
Alpine
Eldorado .
Fresno
Eldorado .
Shasta
Inyo
Alpine.
Lassen .
Ventura .
>eak
Placer-Eldorado
Peak
Amador
Invo...
2,477
2,338
3,068
1,940
3,008
1,35V
3,339
2,444
3,314
1,234
2,344
2,210
2,107
1,013
1,091
2,586
2,579
1,238
2,019
2,557
2,743
3,231
3,299
1,920
2,734
2,392
2,115
1,300
1,274
2,548
1,225
3,181
1,794
1,777
3,522
2,329
2,739
1,771
2,561
2,623
2,863
1,273
2,794
1,156
1,497
1,284
2,926
2,129
4,028
2,659
2,284
2,696
2,885
2,424
2,808
2,159
2,413
1,245
2,856
3,281
1,398
2. 160
8,126
7,676
10,060
6,367
9,867
4,438
10,955
8,018
10,872
4,050
7,692
7,254
6,914
3,325
3,580
8,484
8,462
4,060
6,625
8,390
9,000
10,600
10, 820
6,300
8,969
7,849
6,938
4,265
4,180
8,361
4,020
10, 437
5,885
5,830
11,553
7,640
8,985
6,811
8,403
8,604
9,392
4,175
9,167
3,793
4,911
4,214
9,600
6,985
13, 217
8,725
7,494
8,844
9,465
7,9&4
9,214
7,083
7,918
4,085
9,371
10,765
4,588
7,086
39 40
41 4
38 44
41
38 6
36 19
38 33
41 37
37 52
41 5
40 22
40 3
39 31
40 59
40 40
3959
37 47
39 48
39 51
39 27
38 38
38 51
38 51
40 4
37 46
40 8
39 32
40 9
41 14
39 29
40 25
40 30
40 20
37 43
38 16
38 37
3841
39 51
39 18
40 1
38 20
41 55
39 26
37 7
36 13
36 14
38 31
38 48
37
38 56
40 45
30 6
38 39
40 56
34 48
40 10
39 2
37 29
38 32
37 51
37 26
35 55
Authority.
120 33
120 5
119 52
120 50
119 41
120 49
119 45
121 32
119 30
12347
120 7
120 53
122 57
123 58 !
123 52
120 38
119 33
123 29
120 39
120 33
119 53
119 52
119 53
120 48
119 39
120 44
120 40
124 7
123 46
120 3
12342
121 30
123 33
119 38
119 41
120 17
119 36
120 54
120 20
122 47
119 37
121 44
120 22
121 51
117 26
117 26
119 52
120 8
118 80
120 7
121 33
117 30
119 54
120 25
119 8
120 15
120 21
121 33
120 6
119 11
120 1
117 7-
Wheeler.
Do.
U. S. G. S.
Do.
Wheeler.
U.S.C.andG.S.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Whitney.
U. S. C. and G. 8.
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
U.S.C.andG.S.
Do.
Do.
U.S.G.S.
Wheeler.
U.S.C.andG.S.
U. S. G. S.
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
U. S. C. and G. S.
Do.
U.S.G.S.
U. S. C. and G. S.
Wheeler.
U.S.C.andG.S.
Wheeler.
Do.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
U. S. C. and G. S.
Wheeler.
Do.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Whitney.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Wheeler.
U. S. G. S.
Wheeler.
Do.
Do.
U.S.G.S.
U. S. C. and G. S.
U. S. G. S.
Whitney.
Wheeler.
Do.
CONTROLLING FACTORS.
21
TABLE OF ELEVATIONS EXCEEDING 1,000 METERS (3,281 FEBT) is CALIFORNIA Continued.
Place.
Elevation.
County.
Meters.
Feet.
SicholsPoint ' Kern ; 1,900
Nipple Alpine 2,862
Noble Pass Shasta 1,818
North Dome Mariposa 2,294
North Peak (Diablo) Santa Clara.).] 1,095
Observation Peak Lasscn .'..; 2,441
OlcttPeak San Bernardino 2,248
Old Baldy. or San Antonio Peak Los Angeles 3,085
Old Man Mountain Sierra 2,377
Om jumnin Peat ! Plumas , 2, 528
Ophir Mountain Inyo j 1,848
Oso Mountain Stanislaus 1, 031
12 482
2, 486
Pah-utePeak Inyo 2,543
Paxtoa Mendocino 1,041
Penmen Peak Plumas 2.219
Pierce Mountain Humboldt 999
Pike Co. Peak Yuba 1,120
Pilot Hill Plumas 1,889
Pilot Knob San Bernardino 1,684
Pilot Peak Plnmas-Sierra 2,289
Do Mariposa 1,836
Pinto Peak Inyo 2,215
Preston Peak Del Korte 2,142
Profile Cliff Mariposa 2,262
Promontory Point | Tehama 1, 105
Pyramid Peak Eldorado 3,054
Do j Inyo i 2,059
Rainbow Mountain Humboldt ' 1,046
Rattlesnake Butte i Modoc 1,516
Raymond Peak Alpine 3,072
Red Lake Peak Eldorado 3,033
Red Mountain (Signal Peak) Placer 2,396
Red Peak Eldorado 2,119
Relief Peak Tuolumne 3,300
Rhett (orTule) Lake Siskiyou 1,263
Richardson's Peak Eldorado 3,021
Richardson Tuolumne 2. 985
Rickey's Teak Mono 3,043
Robb'sPeak Eldorado 2,050
Rocky Butte San Luis Obispo 1,055
Round Mountain Shasta ; 1, 048
Round Top or Alpine Peak Amador 3,179
RubiconPeak Eldorado 2,802
Saddle Back Mountain Sierra 2,060 j
Saddle Mountain Eldorado 1,599
St. Helena Mountain Sonoma-Lake 1, 322
San Antonio Peak Los Angeles 3, 085
San Bernardino Peak San Bernardino 3,078
San Carlos Peak San Benito 1.517
San Fernando Peak Los Angeles 1,156
San Gabriel Peak do 1,900
San Jose Mountain ' San Luis Obispo 1,151
Santa Alia San Benito 1,101
Santa Lucia Monterey 1,788
Sand Mountain Eldorado 1,464
Sanhedrim Mendocino ...I 1,890 I
Sauel Mountain do 1,026
Saw Mill Peak Butte 1,021
6,233
9,390
5,963
7,525
3,593
8,009
7,374
10,120
7,800
8,293
6,063
3,383
8,142
8,157
8,344
3,414
7,280
3,278
3,675
6,198
5,525
7,509
6,024
7,265
7,028
7,425
3,627
10,020
6,754
3,432
4,973
10,075
9.950
7,860
6,952
_
4,143
9,910
9,794
9,983
6,725
3,462
3,439
10,430
9,193
6,760
5,245
4,337
10,120
10,100
4,977
3,793
6,232
3,777
3,613
5,867
4,802
6,199
3,365
3,351
Latitude.
: Longi-
tude.
Authority.
35 37
3839
40 34
37 45
37 24
40 46
3559
34 16
39 22
39 56
36 17
37 30
37 41
35 29
39 8
39 49
40 25
39 28
39 45
35 23
39 47
37 45
36 26
41 45
37 43
39 59
38 50
3623
40 25
41 27
38 35
38 43
39 15
:t9
38 14
41 55
3853
38 5
38 15
3856
3540
40 46
3839
38 59
39 38
38 51
3840
34 17
34 11
36 26
34 20
34 15
35 19 ;
36 54
36 9
38 52
39 31
38 57
39 49
HI -.
119 56
121 36
119 34
121 53
120 10
11524
117 39
12031
120 16
117 36
121 21
Wheeler.
C.S.G.S.
Wheeler.
Do.
Whitney.
Wheeler.
Do.
Do.
U.S.G.S.
Wheeler.
Do.
Whitnev.
119 36 Wheeler.
119 22
123 19
120 36
124 8
121 12
120 30
117 14
120 52
119 56
117 20
123 33
119 36
121 44
120 10
116 37
124 10
120 45
119 50
11959
120 32
120 21
119 44
121 30
120 9
119 41
119 23
120 24
121 4
121 58
120
120 8
120 51
120 35
12238
117 39
11756
120 39
118 36
118 6
120 16
121 14
121 25
12040
123 6
123 13
121 33
Do.
U.S.C.andG.S.
C.S.G.S.
U.S.C.andG.S.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Wheeler.
l\S.G.S.
Wheeler.
Do.
U. S. C. and G. S.
Wheeler.
U.8.G.S.
Do.
Wheeler.
U.S.C.andG.&
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Do.
U.S.C.andG.S.
T.S.G.S.
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Wheeler.
Do.
U.S.G.S.
U.S.C.andG.S.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
U.S.C.andG.S.
Wheeler.
Do.
Whitney.
Wheeler.
Do.
U.S.C.andG.S.
Da
Do.
U.S.G.S.
U.S.C.andG.S.
Do.
U.S.G.S.
22 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
TABLE OP ELEVATIONS EXCEEDING 1,000 METERS (3,281 FEET) IN CALIFORNIA Continued.
Place.
County.
Elevation.
Latitude.
Longi-
tude.
Authority.
Meters.
Feet.
2,377
2,744
2,476
3,004
2,092
f 4,863
( 4,402
4,285
2,325
2,626
2,396
3,543
1,580
3,333
1,193
4,084
2,220
2,453
2,134
2,933
3,499
2,257
2,148
2,204
1,161
2,731
3,390
2,768
3,079
1,833
1,110
1,158
1,905
1,055
2,533
1,009
3,589
1,895
1,717
1,169
2,128
1,897
2,982
2,239
2,456
1,611
1,143
3,333
2,781
1,011
3.008
2,363
2,743
1,567
1,678
2,749
2,065
1,239
7,800
9,202
8,122
9,856
6,864
14,350
14,444
14,059
7,628
8,615
7,860
11,623
6,183
10,935
3,915
13,400
7,285
8,048
7,000
9,623
11,479
7,406
7,047
7,231
3,810
8,960
11,123
9,080
10,100
6,014
3,643
3,799
6,250
3,462
8,311
3,309
11, 778
6,217
5,619
3,836
6,980
6,225
9,785
7,345
8,056
5,285
3,750
10,938
9,125
3,318
9,870
7,752
9,000
5,142
5,505
9,020
6,775
4,065
, 41 10
41 5
37 43
36 6
40 27
41 25
36 34
40 41
39 36
39 20
36 50
37 26
38 33
38 49
37 31
38 53
39 15
39 23
38 15
38 21
41 9
39 56
39 56
40 6
39 11
38 23
37 42
38 44
34 14
35 37.
39 2
41 21
38 46
39 42
39 31
38 26
39 58
39 31
41 44
39 42
39 00
38 54
40 00
35 2
35 00
34 55
36 10
38 57
37 40
38 40
40 15
41 1
41 37
41 45
39 15
40 5
41 30
o /
122 40
123 10
119 35
117 5
120 21
122 12
118 9
120 14
120 39
120 31
118 20
119 45
119 45
120 41
118 56
120 17
120 28
122 45
119 45
119 38
120 33
121 8
121 14
123 41
120 16
119 40
119 31
119 59
117 15
118 46
120 44
122 20
122 51
120 8
121 18
119 18
121 25
120 51
122 17
120 53
120 00
120 6
120 49
118 35
119 30
118 65
117 05
120 15
120 00
120 4
120 33
123 1
120 45
120 45
120 18
122 47
323 56
U.S.G.S.
U. S. C. and G. S.
Wheeler.
Do.
Do.
JU.S.G.S.
[Whitney.
Le Conte.
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Whitney.
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Whitney.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
U.S.C.andG.S.
U.S.G.S.
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Do.
U.S.C.andG.S.
U.S.G.S.
Wheeler.
Do.
U.S.G.S.
Wheeler.
Do.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
U.S.C.andG.S.
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
Wheeler.
U. S. G. S.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Wheeler.
Whitney.
S.C. (Kerr).
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Do.
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
U. S. C. and G. S.
Trinity
Sentinel Peak
Shaffer Peak
Sierra Butte
Sierra
Tulare
Mariposa-Madera
Silver Peak .
Slate Peaks . . . .
Slick Rock
Glenn
Sonora Peak
Mono
South Fork Peak .
Spanish Bluff
Plumas
do
Kern
Do
Do
Si^kivou
Sunset Hill
Butte
Butte
Do
Sierra
Table Rock . . .
Siskivou
Sierra
Tahoe Lake < . ...
Placer-Eldorado
Taylor Rock . . .
Plumas
Tejon Passrf
San Luis Obispo
Tells Peak
Texas Hill
Thimble Peak
Eldorado
Trinity
. .do
Tehama
Toorup Mountain , .
DelNorte
a A series of barometer observations placed Mount Shasta 14,511 feet (4, 423 meters), but results above are more reliable.
6 Sheep Mountain, also called Whitney No. 1 and Mount Corcoran.
c Portion of Lake Tahoe is in Nevada.
rf A high ridge in Kern County near Tehachapi Peak is erroneously called Tejon Pass.
'Sometimes called Stewarts Fork Peak.
CONTROLLING FACTORS. 23
TABLE OF ELEVATIONS EXCEEDING 1,000 METEBS (3,281 FEET) is CALIFORNIA Continued.
Place. County.
Elevation.
Latitude.
Longi-
tude.
Authority.
Meters.
Feet.
1,063
3,546
2,376
2,056
1,920
2,720
1,530
1,433
4,279
1,046
1,917
2,268
2,641
2,947
1,785
2,499
2,470
2,336
4,426
4,410
2,156
4,090
4,350
1,814
3,554
11,634
7,794
6,747
6,299
8,924
5,020
4,700
14,038
3,430
6,290
7,440
8,665
9,668
5,856
8,200
8,102
7,665
14,522
14,470
7,069
13,415
14,245
5,950
/
36 31
i
38 9
40 00
3752
41 23
39 7
J 36 3
36 39
37 10
37 44
37 27
39 9
41 22
37 44
37 46
39 28
39 51
36 35
3635
34 36
37 38
37 38
34 13
O '
121 37
11931
120 47
11929
121 7
120 14
121 29
118 10
121 53
119 35
119 31
12015
120 13
119 34
119 31
120 26
120 31
118 20
118 20
119 8
118 15
118 15
118 5
U.S.C.andG.S.
Wheeler.
U.S.G.S.
Wheeler.
C.8.G.S.
Do.
U.S.C.andG.8.
LeConte.
Do.
Wheeler.
Do.
C.S.G.S.
Wheeler.
Do.
Do.
C.S.G.S.
Wheeler.
Langley.
Wheeler.
Do.
U.S.C.andG.8.
Do.
Do.
Turret Peak Modoc
Twin Peaks . Placer
Trndall Mountain Tulare ... .....
Wamelo Rock Madera
Wards Peak . . Placer
Warren Peak Modoc
Webber Peak Sierra
Wellington P^a t ..... Plumbs
Whitnev Mountain" 1 ^5"
I Tiilare
White Granite Peak Ventura
White Mountains:
Mount McBride Mono
South Peak do
Wilson b Los Angeles
c This is the peak formerly known as Fisherman's.
t> Approximate elevation. Prof. E. C. Pickering.
SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE OF ELEVATIONS DETERMINED BY JOSEPH N. LE CONTE, JULY AND AUGUST, 1903.
Flace.
Feet.
Place.
Feet.
Place.
Feet.
Williamson
14,396 Split . ! 14,076 ! Middle Palisade
14,000
14,212
13,784
13,988
13,352
13,625
13,777
13,822
12,331
12,133
12,925
13,185
12,875
12,684
13,030
13,178
12,704
13,875
12,240
12,425
11,229
12,955
9,103
7,768
Sill
14 128 Keith 14,015 Jordan
13,985 Tvndall .. 14038 Darwin .
13 916 Goddard 13 532 Stanford
13,629 Goat Mountain 12,206 North Guard
13 573 Peak south of Brewer 13 576 j Table
13,679 Milestone 13655 Xo. 1 Kaweah
Xo 2 Kaweah
13, 825 Xo. 3 Kaweah ... . 13, 872 Mount Kaweah
Red Spur
12 786 Saw Tooth 12 345 Gu vot . .
13 416 Cirque Peak 1 942 Olancha
14059 LeConte 13983 Lone Pine Peak .
White Mountain Peak
14,273 Railroad Station . . 3,727 Pinchot
13608 \rrowPeak 12948 King
12928 Barnard. . . 13525 East Vidette
13 334 Rixford 12, 906 Gould
High peak on Wood's Creek
13127 Pvramid Peak .. . 13,767 Striped
12, 775 Table Palisades 13, 504 Peak Marion
12602 Agassiz Xeedle . 13,747 Dusv Peak
Flat peak on head Middle Fork
13 520 Devil's Crag 12 595 Woodworth
13 088 Scvlla 12,948 ! ; Blue Can von Peak
9587 Peak at junction of King** 9439 Mount Sillman Cliff
11 tjf Avalanche Peak n "fi Om Mountain
13049 Harrison Pa<*s 12720 Sphinx (head of)
9180 Palmer 10, 128 Tehipitee Dome
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST.
CLIMATOLOGY OF EUREKA, AND WEATHER CONDITIONS ALONG THE COAST OF NORTH-
ERN CALIFORNIA.
By Mr. A. H. BELL, Observer, Weather Bureau.
The city of Eureka stands on the south shore of Humboldt Bay about 7 miles from the
entrance and some 215 miles from San Francisco, latitude north 40 48' and longitude west
124 11'. A few miles east of the city we have the forest-covered foothills of the coast range,
while on the west the shore is washed by the Pacific Ocean.
Equable and apparently health-giving is Eureka's climate. Since establishment of the sta-
tion the highest recorded temperature is 84 and tb.3 lowest 30 above. Fogs and overcast skies
prevail at all seasons along the coast. They preserve a uniform temperature and a humid atmos-
phere, and, to a large extent, determine the character of our industries and productions. In
summer, however, cloudless skies and a high temperature are characteristics of the higher lati-
tudes and of the region east of the redwood belt. From October until April is the rainy season,
but the wet period is by no means a season of continuous precipitation. Sometimes a rainy sea-
son will embrace much pleasant weather. While the prevailing winds are in summer northerly,
seldom indeed do they attain the velocity of a gale, usually rising before noon and subsiding
before nightfall. These winds are extremely liable to ensue on two or three consecutive days.
In winter, on the other hand, the prevailing winds are southeasterly.
Humboldt Bay has a varying width of from half a mile to -i miles and a length of 14 miles,
and possesses a tidal area of about 28 square miles. It lies nearly parallel with the coast, and
between it and the ocean there intervenes a sand peninsula with a width of from one-fourth
mile to H miles. So narrow is the entrance and so peculiar are its relations to the body of water
within in other words so completely landlocked is our harbor that tempestuous weather outside
affects it very little.
MEAN MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr. May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1887 46. 6
41.0
49.3
48.5 51.9
52.4
52.5
54.7
54.0
53.0
50.5
47.7
50.2
1888 . ... 44.6
48.4
47.7
50.9 53.5
59.4
58.0
57.4
57.4
54.6
51.2
52.2
52.9
1889 46 9
48.2
52.2
53.2 54.8
55.0
55.6
55.4
56.0
56.2
53.2
46.6
52.8
1890 . .. 42.2
44.4
46.9
49.0 54.0
55.2
56.7
55.8
53.2
5L6
50.0*
48.4
50.6
1891 48.0
45.4
49.0
50.9 53.2
56.4
56.0
59.4
56.7
54.1
52.4
45.4
52.2
MR. 48
47.8
48.6
49.0 52.8
53.6
55.4
56.2
56.2
53.6
49.6
46.6
51.4
1893. . 44 ~
45.2
47.8
47.8 51.4
53.7
55.9
55.2
56.0
51.4
50.9
47.4
50.6
1894 45. 6
43.6
46.4
48.6 51.0
54.4
54.4
57.3
56.0
53.9
50.7
46.0
50.7
1895.... 4i',. 4
49.4
47.9
49.8 53.0
52.8
56.0
51.0
53.7
52.0
48.8
46.8
' 50.9
1896 50.0
48.4
50.0
48.3 51.5
54.0
57.2
59.9
55. G
52.6
49.1
51.0
52.3
1897 48.1
47.2
45.2
51.0 52.8
55.8
55.8
56.5
55.2
53.8
49.4
48.6
51.6
189* 44
50.0
45.6
48.8 50.4
56.3
54.6
55.9
53.0
53.9
48.3
46.2
50.8
1899 47.5
44.4
48.0
48.2 49.6
52.0
54.8
55.9
54.8
52.0
55.9
48.0
50.9
1900 ' 50. 4
48.6
50.5
50.5 54.4
56.2
56.4
57.0
56.6
53.8
53.3
50.8
53.2
Mean 46.6
46.6
4S.2
49. 6 Z2.4
54.8
"=> 7
53.3
51
4S.O
51 5
25
26
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
SUMMARY OP MONTHLY MEANS AND EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE.
Month.
Highest monthly
mean.
Lowest monthly
mean.
Absolute maxi-
mum.
Absolute mini-
mum.
Greatest
daily
range.
Mean
daily
range.
Mean
varia-
bility.
Date.
Tempera-
ture.
Date.
Tempera-
ture.
Date.
Tempera-
ture.
Date.
Tempera-
ture.
1900
1898'
1889
1889
1889
1888
1888
1896
1888
1889
1889
1888
60.4
50.0
52.2
53.2
54.8
59.4
58.0
59.9
57.4
56.2
53.2
52.2
1890
1887
1897
1893
1899
1899
1887
1895
1890
1893
1898
1891
42.2
41.0
45.2
47.8
49.6
52.0
52.5
54.0
53.2
51.4
48.3
45.4
26,1888
2, 1898
26,1895
26, 1891
24, 1890
17, 1898
16,1888
27, 1894
17, 1897
5, 1897
16, 1895
15, 1891
77.0
70.0
75.0
73.0
78.0
75.0
73.0
79.0
82.0
84.0
74.0
70.0
14,1888
4,1899
3,1896
5, 1895
1,1887
26, 1887
15,1887
31, 1890
22, 1895
17, 1893
27, 1896
22, 1895
20.0
24.0
29.0
31.0
35.0
40.0
43.0
45.0
36.0
38.0
27.0
30.0
25.0
29.0
24.0
25.0
26.0
18.0
14.0
18.0
22.0
34.0
26.0
24.0
12.2
12.7
12.0
11.3
10.0
10.0
9.0
9.0
11.2
12.2
12.6
12.6
3.1
2.5
2.4
2.4
1.9
1.6
1.3
1.6
2.2
2.5
2.9
2.8
February
April
Mav . .
June
July . ...
September.
18%
59.9
1887
41.0
a!897
84.0
61888
20.0
34.0
11.2
2.3
a October 5.
6 January 14.
WEATHER.
Month.
Average number of days.
Month.
Average number of days.
Clear.
Partly
cloudy.
Cloudy.
Rainy.
Clear.
Partly
cloudy.
Cloudy.
Rainy.
6
6
6
6
7
8
9
10
10
11
11
12
13
13
15
13
14
12
12
8
10
17
15
16
13
11
7
1
7
9
9
8
7
13
12
11
10
9
11
9
11
12
15
2
5
10
13
16
February
September
March
November
Mav
June
88
135
142
126
Julv . .
MONTHLY, ANNUAL, AND SEASONAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND" HUNDREDTHS).
[The capital letter "T" indicates the rainfall was but a trace and was too small to measure. The total rainfall for tbe seasons are the
totals from July 1 of one year to June 30 of the next year.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Season
of
Seasonal.
Annual.
1887
8 86
9 07
2 28
5 65
3 51
1 92
06
07
21
55
2 66
5 43
40 17
1888
12 95
1.98
4 09
1 05
0.76
4.66
0.44
T.
0.06
1.15
3.41
5.93
1887-88
34.78
36 48
1889
4.25
1.93
5.91
3.49
7.20
0.37
0.15
0.13
0.32
8.36
3.71
12.88
1888-89
33.98
48.70
1890
1891
18.26
3.33
13.88
9.81
11.57
5.83
2.26
6.37
1.71
1.55
0.87
'1.53
0.08
0.29
0.02
0.31
0.79
1.45
0.44
1.64
0.18
2.72
5.48
10.97
1889-90
1890-91
73.92
35.91
55. 54
45.80
1892
3.29
2.53
5.32
5.54
3.63
0.45
0.00
0.09
0.99
2.90
8.19
6.55
1891-92
37.63
39.48
1893
3.65
6.27
10.59
7.16
2.43
0.33
0.00
0.00
2.39
4.33
9.87
6.69
1892-93
49.06
53.71
1894
12 38
6.13
7.46
2.97
1.31
1.67
0.02
0.04
1.84
3.12
2.03
12.31
1893-94
55 26
51 28
1895 *
9.37
3.60
5.31
2.88
5.39
0.06
0.23
0.11
3.14
0.05
3.88
7.50
1894-95
46.25
41.52
1896 .
8 14
4 61
6.93
11.13
6.22
0.51
0.00
0.70
1.60
2.37
8.00
9.41
1895-%
52.81
59 62
1897
3 04
11 23
9 85
2 55
75
1 60
03
15
1 05
2.63
5 44
6.18
1896-97
50 58
44 50
1898
3.23
8.00
1.80
2.78
2.62
1.21
T.
O.C6
1.48
2.13
4.43
3.17
1897-98
35.00
30 91
1899
6 50
5 03
8 53
1 91
1 73
75
00
42
0.88
4 28
14 80
7 05
1898-99
36 08
51 88
1900
6.63
6.04
3.42
4.43
2.08
1.70
T.
0.07
0.21
7.07
8.06
5.27
18C9-1900
51.33
44.98
Average for 14
years
7.42
6.44
6.35
4.29
2.92
1.26
0.09
0.16
1.17
2.92
5.53
7.49
45. 59
46.04
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST.
27
FIG. i. Seasonal rainfall at Eureka, Cal., from 1SS7 to 1901.
28
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
DATES OF FIRST AND LAST LIGHT AND KILLING FROSTS, WITH LOWEST TEMPERATURE.
[Record began January 1, 1887.]
Year.
First light frost of sea-
son.
First killing frost of sea-
son.
Last light frost of sea- Last killing frost of sea-
son, son.
Date.
Minimum
tempera-
ture.
Date.
Minimum
tempera-
ture.
Date.
Minimum
tempera-
ture.
Date.
Minimum
tempera-
ture.
1887-S8
f.
f.
May 11,1888
Mar. 21,1889
Apr. 14,1890
Apr. 11,1891
Apr. 26,1892
Apr. 18,1893
May 16,1894
Apr. 18,1895
May 12,1896
Apr. 7, 1897
May 7, 1898
June 6*1899
May 27,1900
June 12,1901
j>.
44
39
35
40
38
36
36
38
38
36
39
40
43
42
Mar. 27,1888
Feb. 19,1889
Mar. 11,1890
Mar. 29,1891
Apr. 4, 1892
Apr. 8, 1893
Mar. 22,1894
Apr. 5, 1895
Mar. 31,1896
Mar. 30,1897
Mar. 22,1898
Feb. 7, 1899
F.
38
34
31
34
36
33
36
31
31
32
30
33
1888-89
Nov. 4,1888
Sept. 13, 1889
Oct. 3, 1890
Sept. 30, 1891
Oct. 17,1892
Oct. 17,1893
Nov. 13,1894
Aug. 8, 1895
Sept. 13,1896
Oct. 15,1897
Oct. 24,1898
Oct. 14,1899
Oct. 6,1900
38
40
40
43
40
38
46
46
43
39
41
39
43
Nov. 27,1888
Dec. 11,1889
Nov. 7,1890
Dec. 5, 1891
Nov. 17,1892
Nov. 17,1893
Dec. 10,1894
Nov. 23,1895
Nov. 27,1896
Dec. 19,1897
Nov. 25,1898
Dec. 13,1899
35
34
35
34
37
35
36
32
27
32
34
35
1889-90
1890-91 .
1891-92
1892-93
1893-94
1894-95
1895-9G
1896-97
1897-S8
1898-99
1899-1900
1900-1901
April 7,1901 34
In the table below will be found the greatest monthly precipitation and date; least monthly
precipitation and date; number of times monthly precipitation has exceeded the normal in
fourteen years:
Number of times
Number of
times
Greatest monthly
precipitation.
Least monthly
precipitation.
precipitation
has exceeded
normal in 14
Greatest monthly
precipitation.
Least monthly
precipitation.
precipitation
has exceeded
normal in 14
years.
years.
Month.
Month.
In
In
In
In
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
first 7
ond 7
Total.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
fl -" 7 ond C 7
Total.
years.
years.
years. ^
1
In.
In.
In.
In.
In.
In.
In.
In.
In.
In.
January
18.26
1890
3. 04 1897
3
3
6
( 18921
February
13.88
1890
1. 93 1889
I -2
6
July
0.44
1888
0.00
I 1893 \
3
1
4
March
11.57 1890
1.80 1898
2 4
6
\ 1896 |
April .
11.13
1896
1 05
1888
4
2
Q
70
18%
00
1893
May
7.2:)
ISSfl
0.75
1897
3
2
5
3 14
1895
06
1888
2
June. .
4 66 1888
06
1895
3
2
5
8 36
1889
05
189>
November . .
9.87
1893
0.18
1890
2
5
7
December . .
12.88
1889
3.17
1898
2
.>
4
AVERAGE HOURLY WIND VELOCITY [IN MILES PER HOUR].
[Record began January 1, 1888.]
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1888 G.8
6
9 4
5 9
6 7
6 3
7 3
4 6
4 8
4 3
3 9
5 1
1889 5. 1
4 8
6 3
7 5
7 9
6 4
5 3
5 1
5 2
4 C
4 1
5 7
1S90 7. 7
7.5
6 3
8 3
7 8
8 6
6 9
5 3
3 9
5 1
4
4 5
1891 5.
7
7 8
8 6
8
8
6
4 9
4 6
4 2
4 5
7
1892 5 2
4 1
C 5
7 6
8 4
7 5
5 Q
4
4 3
5 4
1893 4. 5
7 6
6 7
8
9 1
8 5
6
4 9
6 3
4 9
6
4
1894 7
6 5
7 4
8 2
7 5
7 8
*) 5
5 1
6 6
5
4
1895 7. 4
5
7 3
7 i
9 1
8 2
6 4
4 9
4 2
4
5 2
^ 5
18% 7 3
6 1
8 3
8 3
9 8
8 3
-) 4
5 8
4 4
4 6
6 4
5 6
1897 .... 4. 7
5 9
8 4
7 1
7 3
6 7
8 2
4 8
5 2
5 1
4 7
5 7
1898 5. 4
6.7
7 2
8 9
7 "
8 7
6 4
5
4 8
4 5
4 7
3 9
1899 5.8
6 6
6 8
7 8
H 6
8 6
6 3
ft 4
4
5 4
6 4
5
1903 4 1
5 7
9 6
7 C
7 3
6 3
5 8
6 3
6
4
6 4
6.1
7 3
7 9
8
7 8
6 4
5 1
4 9
4 8
4 9
5 5
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST. 29
HIGHEST WIND VELOCITY, DIRECTION, AND DATE FOR EACH MONTH FROM JANUARY 1, 1888.
Months.
Veloc-
ity.
Direc-
tion.
Day and
year.
Months.
Veloc-
ity.
Direc-
tion.
Day and
year.
Months.
V:loc-
ity.
Direc-
tion.
Day and
year.
Jfifeu.
44
g
1 1S94
Mav
MOee.
46
NW.
14,1896
September
Mikt.
44
NW.
21,1900
48
NW
29 1896
47
N.
22,1892
October
38
N.
o!5, 1888
March
46
NW
2,1894
Julv
44
NW.
17. 1897
November
40
s.
27,1892
42
N
11 1890
36
NW.
27.1892
December
50
sw.
24,1892
a Also on October 3, 1895.
AVERAGE HUMIDITY (PER CENT).
[Record began January 1, 1887.]
Month.
A.M. P.M.
A ~ Month. A.M.
P.M.
A ver-
age. j
Month.
A.M.
P.M.
Aver-
age.
91 83
87 j' Mav 92
80
mi
September
94
83
88
91 80
86 i June | 93
80
86
October
93
85
89
90 79
84 1! Julv... ' 94
82
88 I
November
92
84
88
91 80
86 1 August 95
85
90 !
December
89
82
86
NUMBER OF FOGGY DAYS AND THUXDER STORMS IN FOURTEEN YEARS.
[Record began January 1, 1887.]
Month.
Number of
Month.
Number of
Month
Number of
Foggy
days.
Thun-
der
storms.
Foggy
days.
Thun-
der
storms.
Foggy
days.
Thun-
der
storms.
52
22
32
12
2
1
2
22
25
109
96
4
1
3
September
25
118
56
25
1
1
3
9
F bruarv
October
March
Julv
November
Anril
August
December
TOTAL NUMBER OF DAYS WITH PRECIPITATION SINCE JANUARY 1, 1887.
Jan. I Feb.
Mar.
Apr. May
June
July Aug. i Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
10 ' 17
10
11 11
7
13
7
i;
01 to 10
65 ! 65
65
62 i 68
47
11 25 34
57
56
6"
Oil to 025
40 | 53
42
52 34
25
3 3 13
30
29
5
^G to 50
63 i 49
58
35 21
13
I 11
25
47
4,
51 to 1 00
45 < 29
42
21 | 16
4
| 5
15
31
3 1
Over 1 00 inch
23 24
19
14 1 10
3
i 3
9
15
31
GREATEST PRECIPITATION IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS FOR EACH MONTH.
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
n-^ Greatest
annual.
1887 2.19
2.88
0.88
1.64
1.05
1.55
0.02
0.03
0.20
0.34
0.91
0.88 2.88
1S88 ' 3.91
0.80
0.97
0.30
0.30
1.99
0.44
T.
0.04
0.42
1.18
1.71 | 3.91
1889 1.58
tt 65
1.71
1.02
1.54
0.36
0.04
0.09
0.13
3.06
0.79
2.43 3.06
1890 8.72
4.91
2.90
1.37
0.83
0.35
0.06
0.01
0.68
0.41
0.08
2 21 j 4.91
1891 0.94
1.96
1.24
2.09
0.76
0.48
0.14
0.24
0.73
0.52
0.99
2.22 2 22
189 ... 1.18
0.72
1.27
1.10
1.40
0.14
0.00
0.05
0.63
1.27
2.33
2 73 2 73
1893 0.98
1.57.
2.06
1.18
68
22
00
00
81
2.12
3 70
2 46 3 70
1894 3 72
1.05
1.60
1.27
0.52
0.51
0.02
04
1 51
1 07
1 19
3 47 i 3 72
1S95 2.20
1.77
1.86
0.53
2.24
0.04
0.12
0.07
2.77
0.03
1 32
1 88 2. 77
1896 1 34
1.31
1.86
2.87
1.36
0.27
0.00
60
1 46
94
3 04
2.69 3 04
1897 1.16
2.48
1.56
0.99
0.25
0.62
0.02
08
0.75
1 09
1 54
1 88 2.48
1898 68
2.14
0.62
1.85
86
60
T
06
80
62
1 02
80 2 14
1899 . 1.16
3.17
1.60
0.55
1.23
36
0.00
24
74
1 90
3 38
1 37 i 3 38
1900 2 16
2.02
1 10
1 91
1 40
1 26
T
07
10
2 05
2 67
1 52 2. 67
Greatest 3.91
4.91
2.9U
2.87
2.24
1.99
0.44
0.60
2.77
3 06
3 70
3 47
Date . . ... 30
3
4
12-13
25-26
13-14
11-12
30-31
11 12
7-8
. -
* -
20-21
Year... ;
tt
1890
18%
>--
:-"
tm
'--
'--
1893
1894 .
30
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
ANNUAL METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY FOE THE YEARS 1899 AND f900. a
[A = 40 48' N.; if = 124 11' W.; gravity corr., - 0.01.]
Date.
Pressure.
Temperature.
Moisture.
Monthly mean.
Extremes.
Mean.
Extremes.
Dew-
point.
Rela-
tive hu-
midity.
Vapor
pressure.
Precipitation.
Cloudiness.
Maximum.
Minimum.
a
rf
00
a
A
00
Maximum.
Minimum.
Monthly.
i
a
"S
4
61
55
64
58
59
61
62
67
74
76
69
61
a
|
"3
i
o
34
24
35
38
37
40
46
48
46
39
41
33
a
a
oo
o
41
39
42
41
43
46
50
51
50
45
48
42
a
a.
00
o
45
41
43
44
44
48
51
52
52
48
51
46
a
a
00
*
87
88
90
88
88
92
92
92
94
88
83
91
a
ft
00
a
si
00
a
c.
00
1
Maximum in
24 hours.
a
of
oo
a
c.
00
4
~
&
1
O
6.9
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.8
3.0
6.3
5.8
6.7
5.5
7.3
6.2
1899.
In.
30.06
30.19
29.98
30.06
30.07
30.03
29.99
29.96
30.01
29.99
29.92
30.08
In.
30.44
30.47
30.42
30.29
30.27
30.22
30.13
30.13
30.15
30.29
30.28
30.53
In.
29.25
26.68
29.47
29.64
29.59
29.82
29.84
29.83
29.80
29.55
29.53
29.55
O
44.8
42.1
44.8
44.6
46.7
48.5
51.8
53.0
51.7
48.7
53.9
44.4
51.0
46.8
50.9
51.5
51.6
55.1
57.0
58.5
57.2
55.5
58.4
51.7
63.0
48.9
53.4
53.3
53.4
56.2
58.6
59.8
59.2
57.9
61.3
54.1
42.0
40.0
42.5
43.2
45.7
47.8
51.1
52.0
50.5
46.1
50.5
41.8
47.5
44.4
48.0
48.2
49.6
52.0
54.8
55.9
64.8
52.0
55.9
48.0
*
80
82
76
75
76
76
80
80
83
78
78
82
In.
0.259
0. 241
0.269
0.261
0.282
0.314
0.354
0.369
0.360
0.301
0.345
0.269
In.
0.299
0.268
0.281
0.285
0.290
0.330
6.375
0.392
0.386
0.336
0.377
0.313
In.
6.60
5.03
8.53
1.91
1.73
0.75
0.00
0.42
0.88
4.28
14.80
7.05
In.
1.16
3.17
1.60
0.55
1.23
0.36
0.00
0.24
0.74
1.90
3.38
1.37
4.9
5.0
6.8
4.9
7.2
5.4
8.5
7.6
3.3
3.3
5.7
4.7
6.0
5.9
6.0
4.9
5.5
2.1
5.3
4.5
4.9
5.0
7.2
5.5
February
May
July
September
November
December
Year
1900.
30.03
30.53 ; 28.25
47.9
53.8
55.8
46.1 60.9 i 76 24 45
47 89
79
0.302
0.328
51.88
3.38
5.6
5.2
5.9
30.07
30.13
29.99
29.97
30.01
29.95
29.92
29.96
29.94
29.95
29.96
30.09
30.42
30.41
30.22
30.19
30.23
30.12
30.10
30.18
30.15
30.28
30.34
30.32
29.63
29.88
29.68
29.72
29.72
29.78
29.74
29.79
29.75
29.49
29.42
29.53
47.6
46.0
47.6
46.7
50.9
53.0
53.6
53.8
52.7
50.3
50.1
49.0
53.6
51.7
52.8
53.7
57.2
58.5
59.2
59.8
59.8
56.7
55.8
54.2
55.6
53.5
55.2
56.0
59.0
60.0-
60.5
61.1
61.6
59. 1
58.6
56.2
45.3
43.8
45.8
45.0
49.7
52.5
52.4
52.8
51.7
48.4
48.0
45.5
50.4
48.6
50.5
50.5
54.4
56.2
56.4
57.0
56.6
53.8
53.3
50.8
66
63
64
68
66
70
66
66
69
67
72
65
35
36
37
36
43
48
48
47
45
39
36
34
45
43
45
43
46
51
51
52
50
48
48
45
48
46
47
45
50
52
62
53
53
53
52
48
91
90
91
87
86
93
91
92
91
93
93
86
82
81
81
74
76
80
77
78
78
86
88
79
0.302
0.280
0.300
0.280
0.318
0.373
0.374
0.382
0.363
0.341
0.339
0.302'
0.337
0.310
0.323
0.305
0.357
0.394
0.386
0.401
0.399
0.398
0.393
0.332
6.63
6.04
3.42
4.43
2.08
1.70
T.
0.07
0.21
7.07
8.06
5.27
2.16
2.02
1.10
1.91
1.40
1.26
T.
0.07
0.10
2.05
2.67
1.52
4.9
6.7
5.7
5.8
6.6
7.2
7.7
5.0
5.5
4.8
3.7
5.5
5.3
5.7
8.0
4.6
6.1
5.5
3.3
2.8
3.1
5.4
7.2
4.5
6.5
6.3
7.0
4.8
6.4
6.1
4.6
4.7
4.3
5.7
6.5
5.3
February
March
April
May
June
July
September
November
December. . .
Year....
30. 00 30. 42 29. 42
50.1
56.1
58.0
48.4
53.2
72
34
17
50
90
80
0.330
0. 361
44.98
2.67
5.8
5.1
5.6
a From observations at 8 a. m. and 8 p. m. 75th meridian time. Local mean time 3 h. 17 m. slow.
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST.
ANNUAL METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY FOB THE YEARS 1899 AND 1900.
(H = 62ft.:ht = 60ft.: h r = 521t.; ha = 69 ft.]
31
Date.
Wind.
Xumber of days.
By self-registers.
Xumber of winds, 8 a. m. and 8 p. m
J
Partly cloudy.
f
o
Precipi-
tation.
I
1
1
Maxi-
mum
temp.
c
Elec-
tricity.
Average hourly
vekK'lty.
Prevailing direc-
tion.
Maximum velocity.
Directional time of
maximum velocity.
Number of days
with galcn.
a
~
K
Northeast.
East.
Southeast.
a
1
Southwest.
^
Northwest.
3
0.01 Inch nndovre.
0.04 Inch and over.
I
VboveflO
Minimum tempera
low i.
Thunderstorms.
Auroras.
1899.
Januarv
Xilrt.
5.8
6.6
6.8
7.8
8.6
8.6
6.3
5.4
4.0
5.4
6.4
5.0
Mi.
SE. i 39
XW. 36
SE. 35
XW. 38
XW. 36
XW. 38
XW. 30
XW. 36
XW. 29
SE. 34
SE. 39
SE. 39
SE.
XW
XW
XW.
X.
XW.
XW.
XW.
XW.
XW.
SE.
SE.
o
o
o
4
5
4
14
7
4
4
10
9
6
1
4
3
3
4
1
3
3
1
6
3
2
2
5
18
23
11
17
9
5-
3
1
4
7
13
31
23
3
2
7
3
1
2
4
3
4
7
2
9
5
6
9
10
12
11
16
11
8
15
9
2
1
2
3
3
3
5
2
5
5
1
3
14
26
16
21
21
29
33
31
20
12
4
3
2
3
3
2
4
3
2
4
3
3
4
36
6
5
10
8
5
16
10
7
5
10
2
7
91
7
12
6
14
16
11
5
13
9
7
12
10
18
11
15
8
10
3
16
11
16
14
16
14
18
16
20
10
9
3
5
3
12
20
14
16
11
19
9
5
3
4
3
10
19
14
o
2
2
1
1
8
2
2
1
13
5
1
O
o
o
2
o
2
2
1
3
-
1
1
1
March
April
Mav
July
September
October
November
December
Year
6.4 XW. 39
SE.
76
29
H7
38
121
35
230
122
152
130
113 3
7 38
'
1900.
4.1
5.7
6.0
9.6
7.6
7.3
6.3
5:8
6.3
6.0
4.0
6.4
SE. \ 28
SE. 39
XW. 32
XW. 40
XW. 33
XW. 36
XW. 28
XW. 33
XW. 44
XW. 33
SE. 26
SE. 36
SE.
X.
XW.
X.
X.
XW.
XW.
XW.
XW.
XE.
SE.
SW.
1
:
4
8
7
8
14
7
2
3
9
5
6
7
12
4
1
10
3
4
5
3
3
5
1
1
1
;
1
1
17
16
17
10
3
4
5
-
15
14
17
4
3
4
2
3
2
1
2
5
5
4
1
5
8
7
10
6
9
12
10
8
14
10
2
1
2
4
i
'
7
4
6
7
12
10
19
15
19
26
28
30
23
16
7
5
5
4
1
5
5
5
5
1
5
8
8
6
4
12
7
8
12
:
6
5
10
9
10
10
9
15
9
18
14
1'J
12
11
12
14
12
17
9
9
13
4
5
3
13
14
9
17
12
11
11
11
5
1
4
14
12
9
16
11
10
10
8
i
1
3
12
12
8
1
:
5
1
2
2
2
i
"
4
-
1
1
1
1
Februarv
March
Mav
July..
August
September
October
November
December
Year
6.3
XW. j 44
XW.
2
80
50
10
132
36
108 54 211
49
100 141
124 107
95
2
- 7
3
32
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
SUNSHINE DURING THE YEARS 1898, 1899, AND 1900.
[N. lat. 40 48'.}
Percentage of sunshine recorded during hours ending (local time)
Total
(hours).
Per-
centage
of pos-
sible.
511
a. m.
6>>
7*
S
9>>
10k
Ilk
Noon
Ik
2k
3k
4k
55
31
58
47
54
58
64
47
51
56
51
52
5''
6
7 h
8'
1898.
January . .
33
19
45
32
40
44
13
8
19
40
30
37
37
33
51
43
42
51
19
13
24
41
36
38
46
43
50
50
46
55
30
25
34
49
41
46
52
40
62
56
53
47
44
26
42
59
42
44
49
41
64
59
58
50
55
38
37
68
42
58
59
41
70
55
63
57
59
49
52
70
46
61
57
41
70
58
66
63
55
61
47
67
46
58
61
39
66
47
60
61
56
55
45
65
51
58
46
19
59
47
49
52
51
39
49
65
54
44
41
9
51
41
50
47
56
40
42
49
149.4
99.0
213.7
181.6
210.3
219.2
179.7
135.1
140.2
188.9
124.7
144.7
50
33
58
45
47
49
39
32
37
55
42
50
February
15
42
30
25
31
9
3
13
30
86
March . . .
60
25
18
28
8
11
57
37
44
47
46
34
50
14
26
4
May
40
48
46
15
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
I
Sum
44
140
233
360
30
428
36
515
43
567
47
619 j 682
52 67
689
57
664
55
614
51
564
47
426
315 148
1, 986. 5
165.5
537
45
Percentage o f
possible
1899.
January . . .
28
15
30
41
36
43
17
28
17
33
16
19
26
30
38
48
41
52
24
31
23
41
52
30
35
43
46
69
45
61
27
35
21
43
42
36
42
52
59
72
58
73
30
47
37
47
42
43
45
52
58
68
61
78
45
49
46
58
43
54
45
44
53
64
56
89
48
CO
51
CO
33
56
42
50
59
70
65
88
49
63
58
67
35
57
45
46
60
71
68
87
52
65
57
59
32
46
39
43
55
71
62
87
49
60
65
57
32
46
37
41
41
63
56
78
48
56
47
51
19
39
71
40
32
50
44
75
50
50
42
51
116.3
123.2
173.0
230.9
212.9
300.3
167.8
195. 5
144.9
172.6
96.9
125.2
39
41
47
58
47
66
37
46
39
50
33
44
February
9
27
34
28
39
13
21
13
31
18
March ...
17
30
18
27
13
22
19
55
33
45
36
73
48
49
52
34
72
49
55
18
23
12
May
July
September
October
November
December
Sum
53
201
233
323
27
436
36
503
42
602
50
667
65
659
55
703
58
688
57
656
55
576
48
505
336
210
2, 059. 5
171.6
547
46
Percentage o f
possible
1900.
January
24
14
27
51
50
23
20
32
31
28
18
27
31
21
34
56
48
34
28
42
48
40
30
30
41
32
40
60
59
45
44
54
54
50
39
47
50
51
47
59
65
46
58
61
59
56
39
54
48
54
52
64
64
53
68
69
69
55
42
51
51
54
44
66
58
58
77
74
78
61
43
50
54
49
44
64
60
64
79
70
74
51
37
52
48
46
36
60
61
60
79
73
71
47
36
53
42
51
29
63
66
53
76
75
74
42
21
45
38
34
26
62
51
47
71
73
65
38
15
38
59
25
18
60
45
42
67
75
54
38
129.5
117.4
130.6
232.4
223.6
184.4
246.4
255.2
214.3
154.3
95.7
131.1
43
39
35
58
50
41
54
60
59
45
32
46
Februarv
3
25
45
30
18
15
33
25
21
17
March
33
47
24
13
12
32
20
17
54
33
34
65
69
50
48
32
65
95
April
28
13
14
100
May..
July
August
October
November
December
Sum . .
155 181
232
345
29
442
37
565
47
645
54
689
57
714
60
698
58
670
56
627
52
558
46
483
322 240
2,114.9
176.2
562
47
Percentage o f
possible
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST.
Some time ago the observer at Eureka arranged with the Humboldt Jetty office for gratui-
tous daily information respecting the approximate force and direction of the wind and the con-
dition of the ocean adjacent to the bay. To the harbor entrance is a distance of about 7 miles,
and the two jetties there extend out into the ocean 7.000 feet. Very often when outside there is
a gale with an extremely rough sea; inside there is a calm or a wind from a different direction.
Herewith is a rough sketch of the coast from Cape Mendocino to Patricks Point, a distance
of about 40 miles. The coast line is some 10 miles east of a line joining the bluff points of
Cape Mendocino and Patricks Point. Still farther to the east the hills form a greater curve,
placing the lowlands on which Eureka stands in a protected position from the northwest, east,
and southeast, and greatly modifying the conditions prevailing beyond the limits of the area
shown in the sketch.
By running a line from the cape to the point one will probably discover that during a
severe southeast storm from, sa\-, 20 to 50 miles off coast there is often inside the line or near
the coast but a moderate wind. Moreover, a
west to northwest wind is much more severe out-
side than inside this line. The force of southeast
winds is no doubt frequently broken by Cape
Mendocino and the adjacent hills. Greatly mod-
ified in intensity and somewhat deflected, they
again approach the coast north of Patricks Point:
but in a heavy south wind the resistance of the
cape seems inconsiderable. Often in summer,
during a moderate wind of 15 miles or more at
sea, near the coast and even on the bay it will
blow quite strongly. On this coast only seldom
does a wind for any great length of time blow
directly from the southwest. On its approach
to the land it will veer either to the south or to
the northwest. During a southeast wind along
the coast there is invariably a southwest wind at
sea. After a southeast storm a heavy sea from
the southwest causes the bay to become rough and
extremely dangerous for vessels. Frequently on
approaching the coast northwesterly winds will
be met by warm currents of air from the land.
The result in every instance is fog, and generally
a material reduction in the force of the wind.
In forecasting southeast storms the high hills
east and southeast of this station and extending
to Cape Mendocino should be allowed for.
FIG. 5. Sketch map of Eureka and vicinity.
CLIMATE OF SAN FRANCISCO.
On the coast of California there is a city justly famed for the abnormalities of its climate.
Overcoats and heavy wraps are worn in midsummer, while the lilies bloom in December. From
May until September very little rain falls, yet during this period with clock-like regularity great
banks of fog march in every afternoon and cover the bare, brown hills. The city of San Fran-
cisco, the gateway to the Orient, as it has been termed, is strangely situated with respect to
ocean, bay. mountain, and valley. It may perhaps be said of this city that nowhere else can
such a strange mixture of marine and continental climates be found. The topography is such
that marked contrasts can be found within comparatively short distances. Certainly the clima-
tologist finds in the vicinity of San Francisco sj many climatic anomalies^ that he feeis as if he
1176 Bull 1^03 3
34 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
were in fact present in a great natural aero-physical laboratory where daily experiments were
being performed on a large scale. In building this meteorological laboratory at San Francisco
nature also provided seats wheref rora we can obtain excellent views of the experiments while in
progress. From the Weather Bureau station on Mount Tamalpais elevation of station, 2,373
feet one looks down on the broad expanse of the Pacific, nearly 20,000,000 square miles of
water, to the north, west, and south. From the open roadstead of Drakes Bay the eye passes
over the Sausalito hills to the headlands of Points Bonita and Lobos, marking the entrance to
the Golden Gate. This passage plays an important role in > onnection with the winds, tempera-
tures, and fogs of the San Francisco Bay region. At mean tide the area of San Francisco Bay is
about 450 square miles.
Far on the eastern horizon, especially on clear winter days, the snow of the Sierra 155 miles
distant can be seen glistening. These mountains van' in height from 8,000 to 14,000 feet.
Extending from the slopes of the Sierra to the Coast Range is a great basin 500 miles long
and about 50 wide. The Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, flowing through this basin, unite
in Suisun Bay. This great inland basin, surrounded by mountain walls, is connected with the
Pacific Ocean by the gate at San Francisco, San Francisco Bay, San Pablo Bay, Carquinez
Straits, and Suisun Bay. Here, then, is an aero-physical laboratory par excellence. Now for
the results.
When a native of San Francisco is asked which is the coldest month of the year, he is
generally at a loss for an answer; and if asked which is the warmest he may say November.
This confusion arises from the comparatively small range of temperature. The mean annual
temperature, as determined from the records of the Weather Bureau for thirty-one years is
56.1 F. May and November have practically the same temperature. The warmest month is
September, 60.8; the coldest, January, 50.2. The other months have mean temperatures
as follows: February, 52; March, 54; April, 55; May, 57; June, July, and August, 59;
October, 60; November, 5(5; December, 52.
The highest temperature ever recorded at San Francisco was 100, on June 29, 1891, and the
lowest 29, on January 15, 1888. Abnormally warm and cold periods last, as a rule, about three
daj's. The mean of the three consecutive warmest days at San Francisco has never exceeded
76.3. A period of warm weather during the summer months is, as a rule, brought to a close
about the evening of the third day with strong west winds, dense fog, and temperatures ranging
from 49 to 54. The mean of the three consecutive coldest days was 40.7. The greatest daily
range of temperature was 43, on June 29, 1891. This was the date when the temperature
reached 100. The range of temperature was from 100 to 57. The morning was calm and
very warm, while at 5 p. m. the temperature was 80 and next morning 74.
In the past thirty years the number of days on which snow has fallen can be counted on the
ten fingers. Thunderstorms likewise are infrequent, but not altogether unknown. Earth-
quakes, meaning by this all slight shocks and tremors, average about 7 per annum. Very little
damage has been done by earthquakes during the past fifty years.
The people in San Francisco have long realized that winter and summer are purelv relative
terms. Thus at any of the ferries on a midsummer day one can see summer fabrics worn with
heavy wraps, and it is not unusual to see white duck and sealskin in combination. Visitors to
the city should by all means wear heavy wraps or overcoats during the summer afternoon.
The experiments of the observers of the Weather Bureau during the past two years with
kites have thrown much light upon the causes of the climatic abnormalities experienced at San
Francisco; and, among other things, it has become evident that in summer as we ascend from
the ground the temperature rises. For each 155 feet of elevation the temperature is 1 F.
warmer, and so on any of the hills or mountains in the vicinity of San Francisco one can find
with very little effort the climate best suited for him. In other words, the citizen of the San
Francisco Bay section can regulate the temperature to suit himself, having a choice between
these limits: 55 at sea level and 85 at 2,000 feet abo've.
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST.
35
With regard to rainfall, during the summer months, San Francisco is practically rainless. By
referring to the accompanying charts it will be seen that in June, July, August, and September
showers are very rare. The average rainfall is about 23 inches, and most of this falls during the
months of November. December, January, February, and March. Looking over the records of
the past fifty years we find that the year 1898 had but 9.31 inches, while in 1883 there was 38.82
inches. In 1861 there was 38.51 inches.
SEASONAL RAINFALL.
The annual rainfalls do not, however, fairly represent the amount of rainfall determining
crop yield. Both with fruits and grains it is the seasonal rainfall rather than the annual
which is to be considered. In the wheat fields summer fallowing is resorted to chiefly for the
reason that the rain of two seasons can be utilized. As may be seen by the tables of annual and
seasonal rainfall, published in following pages, the amounts during the growing season vary
from the totals for the calendar year; thus, in 1889-90 the seasonal rainfall was 15.85 inches.
The annual rainfall for 1890 was but 25.43 inches, an unusually heavy rainfall in December,
1889, having contributed to materially increase the seasonal amount.
Frequency as well as intensity should also be taken into account in considering the relation
of rainfall and crops.
MONTHLY MEAX TEMPERATURES (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1871
51.3
53.3
54.3
56.9
'56.6
57.9
60.4
61.8
55.1
52.9
56
1872
52.2
54.2
54.3
53.4
56.0
59.8
57.9
59.8
59.3
58.8
56.0
52.1
56.2
1873
54.8
50.9
54.5
54.6
55.4
571
58.1
59.5
58.3
59.7
57.7
50.7
55 9
1874
49.3
51.2
50.9
54.9
57.6
59.1
57.8
59.0
61.4
59.8
56.1
50 3
55.6
1875
49.0
52.0
51.8
55.4
57.2
59.4
58.8
58.8
59.2
62.0
57.4
51.4
56
1876
48.8
52.8
53.2
55.4
56.8
61.4
59.1
59.6
61.5
59.9
58.0
53.0
56.6
2877 .
54.3
55.8
57.2
54.4
56.2
62.0
60.8
59.8
62.5
59.2
57.2
52.7
57 7
1878
52.8
53.3
55.9
56.6
58.0
58.8
58.6
59.1
60.2
61.6
57 1
51 6
56.9
1879
48.8
54.6
57.2
56.5
56.4
60.2
58.7
60.5
61.0
61.0
55.0
50
56 7
1880
48.0
48.8
49.4
53.3
57.7
57.2
58.8
59.1
58.9
59.8
54.2
53.2
54 9
1881
54.0
55.3
51.4
57.9
58.0
58.6
59.7
58.8
59.7
56.6
55.1
51
56 6
1882
49.4
48.8
53.4
53.0
57.0
57.9
59.5
58.6
59.8
58.8
53.2
52.8
55 2
1883
47.0
48.8
54.0
53.2
58.0
61.4
59.8
59.2
63.1
57.9
54.1
50 8
55 6
1884
50.6
50.8
54.5
56.0
59.4
60.2
61.4
60.0
59.6
58.2
57.4
52.8
56 7
1885
51.1
55.3
57.7
58.2
58.1
57.8
61.6
59.6
61.8
60.7
57.8
54
57 8
1886 . ....
51.2
56.8
53.6
55.4
59.1
59.4
60.3
60.6
62.4
58.6
56.8
53.6
57 3
1887
47.8
55.8
55.8
57.0
59.4
56.6
57.8
62.0
64.2
56 4
52.2
56 5
1888
46.7
53.9
53.4
57.8
56.9
62.4
61.4
60.8
62.6
61.6
57.0
53 2
57 3
1889
50.4
54.0
57.2
58.8
58.8
60.2
58.8
60.4
64.6
61.8
58.6
51.3
57 9
1890
46.2
49.1
53.8
54.8
59.8
59.2
59.8
61.4
60.4
62.4
59.0
49 8
56 3
1891
52.2
51.1
55.0
53.4
55.7
60.2
59.4
61.8
61.8
59.7
58.6
49.6
56 6
1892
51.7
52.4
54.2
53.1
58.0
56.8
58.1
59.4
60.2
59.6
56 9
51 1
56
1893
47.4
50.3
51.2
52.4
55.8
56.5
56.6
56.6
59.3
57.6
55.6
52.4
54.3
1894
47.7
48.4
50.6
55.2
55.4
55.9
56.4
59.2
63.4
59 6
59 4
49 7
55 1
1895
48.6
53.8
52.2
54.8
57.6
58.7
58.4
58.4
60.7
58.8
56.2
48 6
55 6
1896
52.2
55.3
54.3
51.6
56.3
57.2
59.4
59.5
59 6
58 8
53.4
52.8
> 55 9
1897
48.6
50.7
48. 9
57.4
57.4
58.9
58.2
57.4
60.8
58.4
53.1
50 7
55
1898 ...
46.7
52,6
51.2
54.4
52.6
59.0
56.2
57
59
61 2
55 4
49 7
54 g
1899
53
51 6
52.2
54.6
52.6
56 9
55 9
58 3
58
59 3
56 8
49 6
55
1900
50.7
53.6
55.2
54.0
57.0
57.6
58 2
59 7
63 3
58.8
56 3
50 2
56 2
1901
49.8
52.2
55.8
51.8
53.9
56.7
55.6
56.4
58.5
61 8
57 2
52 9
55 2
Means, 31 years, except Jan-
50 2
52 2
53.7
H.t
56.8
58 8
58 6
59 2
60 8
60
56 4
51 5
56 I
1
1
1
36
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
SUMMARY OF MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURES (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Month
Highest monthly
mean.
Lowest monthly
mean.
Absolute maxi-
mum.
Absolute mini-
mum.
Great-
est
daily
range.
Mean
daily-
range.
Mean
varia-
bility.
Mean of
three
consecu-
tive
warmest
days.o
Mean of
three
consecu-
tive
coldest
days.a
Date.
Tempera-
ture.
Date.
Tempera-
ture.
Date.
Tempera-
ture.
Date.
Tempera-
ture.
1873
1886
1885
1889
1890
1888
1885
1891
1889
1887
1894
1885
54.8
50. 8
57.7
68.8
59.8
62.4
61.6
61.8
64.6
64.2
59.4
64.0
1890
1887
1897
1891
1898
1894
1898
1893
1873
1881
1897
1896
46.2
47.8
48.9
51.6
52.6
65.9
66.2
66.6
68.3
56.6
53.1
48.6
26,1899
18, 1899
7,1892
14,1888
28,1887
23, 1891
15,1888
22, 1891
22, 1894
8,1899
16, 1895
8,1893
78.0
80.0
80.0
88.0
97.0
100.0
93.0
92.0
94.0
94.0
83.0
72.0
15,1888
5,1887
3, 1896
7, 1891
1,1899
19, 1893
31,1893
8, 1893
30, 1894
14, 1881
27, 1896
24, 1879
29.0
38.0
33.0
40.0
43.0
47.0
47.0
47.0
49.0
45.0
38.0
34.0
24.0
27.0
28.0
34.0
39.0
43.0
36.0
38.0
35.0
31.0
25.0
21.0
9.9
10.7
11.8
11.7
12.0
12.5
11.5
11.4
13.3
13.3
11.3
9.3
2.2
2.0
2.5
2.7
2.9
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.0
3.5
2.6
2.2
67.0
64.7
67.7
68.7
73.7
76.0
66.3
76.0
76.3
71.7
69.3
62.0
42.0
40.7
40.7
48.3
49.7
52.3
50.0
52.7
54.0
51.7
44.7
.42.3
February
April
May
J une
July
August
November
1889 57.9 . 1893
54.3
61891
100.0
(-1888
29. 43.
11.5
2.6
76.3
40.7
a Record subsequent to January 1, 1891.
f) June 29.
^January 15.
WEATHER.
Month.
Average number of
Month.
Average number of
Clear
days.
Partly
cloudy
days.
Cloudy
days.
Rainy
days.
Clear
days.
Partly
cloudy
days.
cloudy
days.
Rainy
days.
January . ,
11
10
11
12
13
14
11
10
10
11
12
12
11
14
10
8
9
6
6
5
6
11
10
10
7
4
2
1
August
10
14
16
15
12
15
12
11
9
10
6
4
4
6
9
2
4
7
11
March
October
April
May
December
June
149
137
79
69
July
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT) FOR EACH HOUR OF SEVENTY-FIFTH MERIDIAN TIME.
[A=37 48' N.; <p=122 26' W.]
1900.
1'a.m.
2>>
3i"
4'
9
6
7ii
8
9>-
W
lit"
Xoon.
l b p. m.
January
50.1
49.8
49.2
49.0
48.5
48.2
48.2
48.8
48.2
47.6
47.5
48.0
49 1
62.0
51.3
50 9
50.7
50
49 6
49 5
49 9
49
48 6
48 7
49 9
51 4
March
52.8
51.8
51.4
50.7
50.6
60.4
50.1
51.2
50.2
49.7
50.5
52.0
53.7
April ...
51.4
51.1
50.6
50.8
50.1
49 7
49.4
50 1
49 1
49 8
51 5
63 4
65 4
May
53 9
53 3
52 7
52 3
51 8
51 5
61 5
52 2
51 2
53 2
55 4
57 4
59 4
June . .
64.4
53.6
53.1
52.7
52.4
52.1
52
53 1
52 5
54
55 8
56 8
68 9
July-
63 8
53 6
53 5
53 1
62 8
52 6
52 6
53 5
52 4
54 7
57 1
59
60 8
August
66.8
56.4
56.0
55.7
65.1
54.9
55 1
55 8
54 7
55 6
57 5
59 4
61 3
60
69 3
58 8
58 5
58 1
67 9
57 6
58 7
67 4
58 5
60 5
62 5
64 8
October
56.1
55.8
55.1
54.6
53.9
53 7
53.5
64 7
53 5
53 9
55 2
56 5
68 7
55 5
54 9
54 2
54
53 3
52 9
52 4
53 9
52 5
52
52 6
54 1
55 4
December
49.5
48.8
48.2
47.5
47.1
46.9
47.1
48.4
47.2
46 9
47 1
48 3
49 4
Year
53.9
53.3
S2.8
52.4
52.0
51.7
51.6
52.5
51 5
52
53 3
54 8
56 5
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST.
37
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT > FOR EACH HOUR OF SEVENTY-FIFTH MERIDIAN TIME Continued.
[h,=161 ft.; local time, & 10- slow.]
I9oa
Ok
*
,
*
6
7"
-
9"
10k
Ilk
Hid.
Me -^
Mean
min.
January
50.3
51.6
52.8
53.4
53,9
53.6
52.9
52.5
51.9
51.3
50 5
50 3 54.7
46 7
58.2
55.0
56.9
H
58 6
57 8
56 9
55 3
54.5
53.7
53.1
5" 7 59 5
47 8
March
55 5
57.4
58.9
59.9
59 5
57 8
57
55.5
54.5
53.8
53 2
53 7 61 3
49 1
April
56 6
57 5
58.1
57 8
57 5
56 9
55 8
55
53 8
52.6
52."
53 o 59 5
48 4
Mav
GO 8
61.8
62.1
61 9
61 8
68
59
57 8
56 1
54.9
54.5
56 1 63 5
50 6
60 5
62 1
62.
62
61 5
60 '2
59 6
58 3
57
55 8
55 1
56 5 63 7
51 6
Julv
61 9
62.3
62 8
62.4
61.4
60 7
59 8
--
55 4
54.6"
56 9 64 6
51 9
August
62.8
63.6
63.7
63.2
62.5
61 4
60 7
59.5
58 6
57 5
57 2
58 5 65 5
53 9
66 4
68 3
68 3
679
66 9
65 3
64 7
63 1
6
61 3
60 5
62.0 70 4
|
October
60.3
62.4
63 4
63.8
63.1
61 7
60 4
59 3
58 4
57 5
56 9
57 6 65 1
5 4
November
56.3
58.0
59.2
60.1
60.1
59.6
58.7
57 9
57 2
56.6
56
55 7 62.2
50 4
50 5
52
52.9
53 6
54.0
53 3
52.8
5"' 5
51 6
50 8
50
49 8 55 1
45 4
57 9
60 1
60 4
60 1
59
58 2
57 1
56
55 1
54 5
55 " 6 1
50 4
AVERAGE PRESSURE ( INCHES AND THOUSANDTHS) FOR EACH HOUR OF SEVENTY-FIFTH MERIDIAN TIME.
[A=37 48' X.; .=li 26' W.; local time, 3 10- slow. H=155 ft.]
1900.
I'a.m
2* 3k
4k
5k
6k
>
8*
9k
I*
Ilk
.Noon.
l k p.m.
29.985
0.987 0.983
.--
0.980
.-
975
969
S71
978
990
006
020
29 998
001 001
999
000
995
991
992
998
006
020
029
037
March
29 81
881 0.880
879
--
866
8ti3
S64
871
.-,
890
900
905
29.849
0.850 0.848
0.843
0.837
0.832
0.831
0.832
843
853
860
866
871
Mav
. --
0. 861 0. 860
855
849
846
845
846
855
865
872
875
877
29.815
0.814 1 0.806
0.804
0.800
795
0.795
0.798
806
814
- -
- -
0- 8^
July
9.737
0.739 i 0.737
t>.735
0.731
0.730
0.732
0.737
748
759
771
774
775
29.805
0.804 0.803
0.800
0.795
794
793
798
807
817
826
831
835
September
29.796
0.797 0.799
0.799
0.797
0.796
0.7%
800
809
820
84
831
-
29 859
0.862 ) 0.861
862
863
.-,
856
859
866
873
gg3
890
894
- -
0.899 0.896
0.892
0.892
...
---
887'
895
904
914
923
932
30 052
054 049
048
047
044
038
029
034
034
045
056
070
Year
29.878
0. 879 0. 877
0.874
0.872
0.869
0.867
0.868
875
8S3
S94
901
906
[Correction applied to reduce to standard gravity 0.02.]
1900.
2k 3
4*
5k
6k
7k
8
9k
10k
11'
Mid.
Mean.
Mean
max.
Mean
min.
0.021 0.999
0.981
0.971
0.968
0.970
0.968
974
981
986
992
984
048
930
February
0.035 0.020
0.002
0.985
0.977
.-.
0.968
0.972
O.C78
0.981
988
998
062
935
0.903 0.895
0.881
- -
1.857
0.850
845
847
SC' 1
864
839
872
922
820
April
870 864
856
847
837
831
8T
82&
- :
851
846
893
798
Mav
0.875 0.869
0.861
0.855
0.846
838
833
830
832
840
852
854
901
.. . ,
0.828 S24
810
802
794
786
783
787
793
- .
807
846
Julv
775 772
0.764
0.754
742
733
723
723
733
741
7-15
785
707
\ugust
0.834 0.827
0.819
0.812
-
792
787
--
783
789
- -
806
-.-
759
826 818
808
794
~- :
777
773
781
789
795
801
847
747
0.891 , 0.883
0.855
0.849
844
840
844
850
859
866
864
913
812
927 ' 918
900
--
.-:
ggo
-
898
898
951
837
0.062 0.048
0.035
025
023
023
025
029
035
039
044
041
097
991
Year . .
0.904 > 0.894
883
0.872
0.864
859
855
856
860
867
S7>
876
927
826
38
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
SUNSHINE FOR THE YEARS 1898, 1899, AND 1900.
[N. lat. 37 48'.]
5"
a.m.
Percentage of sunshine recorded during hours ending (local time)
Total
(hours).
Per-
centage
of pos-
sible.
6"
7t
8"
9t
10'-
11"
Noon
Ik
2'
f
41,
61
6
71
8>>
1898.
28
7
55
54
42
68
40
36
33
54
40
31
52
28
69
83
62
77
60
46
65
82
61
58
75
46
75
90
73
81
80
73
75
95
74
74
79
64
81
100
83
87
96
91
90
94
86
76
83
76
86
100
85
94
98
99
96
93
90
86
81
72
94
100
85
95
100
99
97
96
93
87
84
75
93
100
80
95
100
99
96
96
96
85
75
76
89
98
79
94
99
97
98
92
96
83
58
70
87
92
75
92
97
93
91
88
84
75
48
54
85
80
67
83
92
86
74
76
49
39
46
18
54
75
46
70
70
65
48
36
204.9
162.3
277.5
313.3
262.9
328.3
322.5
288.3
268.6
277.0
231.0
201.3
67
54
75
79
60
74
72
68
72
. 80
76
71
26
35
27
47
36
16
27
17
31
8
23
10
32
13
3
20
10
52
40
27
54
44
30
58
29
45
40
April
May
1C
22
11
July
October
49
119
262
488
41
733
61
911
76
927
76
986
82
1,099
92
1,099
92
1,076
90
1,002
84
833
69
528
305
114
3, 137. 9
261.5
848
71
1899.
7
22
40
60
71
69
31
43
38
62
27
47
24
49
50
79
82
83
48
54
70
72
33
47
46
68
58
82
85
98
65
80
90
77
40
61
59
79
63
91
96
99
81
90
96
84
52
73
67
86
65
96
97
97
93
95
100
86
51
75
68
94
62
93
97
100
96
94
10ft
88
59
78
66
95
63
95
96
100
96
97
100
89
52
71
64
93
63
96
97
100
99
100
100
85
54
68
60
92
55
99
96
100
97
100
100
82
38
62
27
68
55
%
88
98
85
88
98
71
19
58
31
32
31
81
74
S6
66
62
58
76
152.1
215.7
192.9
327.7
365.1
382.4
294.1
308.4
292.5
272.5
129. 1
190.5
50
71
52
83
85
86
65
73
78
7c
42
64
30
21
53
59
60
25
38
19
64
26
17
51
58
56
17
19
23
100
07
68
79
38
47
60
64
77
30
April
May
55
53
15
June
July
October
December
Sum
123
341
395
517
43
691
58
850
71
963
80
1,008
84
1,029
86
1,020
85
1,019
85
981
82
851
71
597
359
171
3,123.0
260.2
825
69
1900.
I
22
32
22
53
69
40
59
65
70
53
34
39
24
58
45
61
80
49
78
70
78
65
46
48
33
. 74
69
71
83
68
92
82
84
77
62
54
41
88
69
70
92
84
97
89
87
86
79
62
59
82
79
75
93
93
95
94
87
92
88
73
67
87
82
88
97
96
99
93
95
97
84
75
68
86
87
85
98
96
98
98
92
95
88
73
67
87
81
86
93
93
'96
98
93
89
85
70
50
85
73
79
89
89
94
89
89
81
66
59
43
71
56
63
80
81
89
77
87
69
41
46
41
63
43
45
67
62
72
58
77
60
146.8
222.3
226.5
266.5
358.1
296.3
357.8
327.7
309.9
268.9
202.9
180.6
48
74
61
67
81
67
79
78
83
77
67
61
28
21
54
66
27
46
55
67
51
33
100
17
55
65
27
45
54
60
45
57
44
62
53
61
53
72
79
54
64
100
April
May
84
26
55
June
July
August . .
October
December
Sum
165
368
548
558
46
702
58
S49
71
944
79
1,010
84
1,060
88
,064
89
1,038
943
79
803
67
588
402
297
3, 163. 7
263.6
843
70
Percentage of possible. .
86
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST.
ANNUAL MKTEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR THE YEARS 1899 AND 1900."
[A=37 48' X.; p=122 26' W.; gravity corr., -0.02.]
39
Date.
Pressure.
Temperature.
Moisture.
Monthly mean.
Extremes.
Mean.
Extremes.
Dew-
point.
Rela-
tive hu-
midity.
Vapor
pressure.
Precipitation.
Cloudiness.
Maximum.
Mliiinniin.
a
i
X.
=
p,
3C
Maximum.
Minimum.
Monthly.
Maximum.
Minimum.
a
a
00
s
A
00
g
a
00
s
a,
00
a
i
X
=
0.
oc
1
Maximum in 24
hourn.
3
i
00
S
a.
OC
Daylight.
1899.
In.
r.p.00
29.89
29.87
29.87
29.78
29.78
29.78
29.83
29.83
29.88
29.98
In.
30.24
30.34
30.21
30.05
30.03
29.97
29.93
29.86
29.%
30.12
30.10
30.33
In.
29.35
29.62
29.53
29.61
29.61
29.56
29.64
29.66
29.61
29.45
29.48
29.59
o
50.1
47.5
49.1
49.6
48.2
52.0
51.5
54.7
52.4
55.2
54.4
46.9
O
56.1
54.4
54.7
57.6
54.5
58.0
57.1
60.0
58.8
60.8
58.6
52.0
58.3
58.0
57. 3
61.2
58.3
63.4
61.5
63.5
65.1
66.1
61.0
54.8
47.6
45.3
47.1
47.9
46.9
50.4
50.3
53.1
51.3
52. 5
52.6
44.4
o
53.0
51.6
52.2
54.6
52.6
56.9
55.9
58.3
58.2
59.3
56.8
49.6
o
78
80
74
80
80
75
73
78
73
94
65
63
o
40
34
42
43
43
47
48
50
48
46
48
37
46
44
47
45
44
49
50
52
52
50
52
44
48
O
46
46
48
45
45
50
51
52
53
60
53
44
86
88
92
87
88
92
95
92
98
85
90
89
*
74
75
81
66
70
74
80
77
81
71
82
76
In.
0.312
0.295
0.321
0.307
0.295
0.353
0.359
0.391
0.382
0.364
0.383
0.290
In.
0.315
0.321
0.342
0.311
0.297
0.354
0.370
0.395
0.399
0.364
0.402
0.2%
In.
3.67
0.10
7.61
0.62
0.86
0.01
0.00
T.
0.00
3.92
3.79
2.65
In.
0.98
0.08
2.15
0.45
0.77
0.01
0.00
T.
0.00
1.94
1.51
1.17
4.8
2.6
4.6
2.9
2.6
3.7
6.3
7.0
3.1
3.8
4.9
2.1
7.0
3.3
6.4
3.0
2.0
1.5
2.4
2.5
1.7
3.6
6.4
4.7
6.7
4.6
6.5
3.0
2.6
2.0
3.6
3.3
3.0
3.0
5.8
3.8
February
April
Mav
Julv
September
October
November
December
Year....
1900.
29.87
30.34 29.35
51.0 56.9
60.7 49.1 54.9 94 34
49 90 76 0.338
0.347
23.23 2.15 | 4.0 I 3.7 4.0
29.97
29.98
29.85
29.83
29.84
29.79
29.73
29.79
29.79
29.85
a. n
30.03
30.17
30.20
30.12
30.00
30.03
29.96
29.94
30.03
29.98
30.07
30.15
30.17
29.63
29.62
29.65
29.54
29.67
29.63
29.54
29.59
29.41
29.56
29.28
29.68
48.8
49.9
51.2
50.2
52.2
53.2
53.5
55.8
58.6
54.8
53.9
48.4
52.9
56.8
57.0
55.8
59.0
59.6
59.8
60.7
64.7
60.4
58.7
52.8
61.3
59.5
63.5
C3.7
64.6
65.5
70.4
65.1
62.2
55.1
46.7
47.8
49.1
48.4
50.6
51.6
51.9
53.9
56.2
52. 4
50.4
45.4
50.7
53.6
55.2
54.0
57.0
.57.6
58.2
59.7
63.3
58.8
56.3
50.2
64
68
71
C9
71
74
73
82
92
83
79
63
42
44
43
45
47
47
48
50
47
48
45
40
46
46
48
44
48
51
51
52
53
51
60
44
49
48
46
49
46
49
52
52
52
51
50
50
46
49
90
88
89
81
86
94
92
90
84
88
88
86
88
84
69
76
70
70
76
75
76
66
71
75
78
0.310
0.315
0.335
0.294
0.337
0.377
0.374
0.396
0.409
0.381
0.366
0.29S
0.335
0.313
0.350
0.312
0.34S
O.S90
0.381
0.398
0.380
0.368
0.361
0.311
4.11
0.64
1.91
1.08
0.32
0.05
0.46
1.48
3.91
1.37
1.92
0.50
0.90
0.36
0.22
0.04
T.
T.
0.45
0.34
1.66
0.74
5.6
3.9
4.8
3.8
3.9
6.5
4.9
4.7
2.9
4.1
4.6
4.8
5.7
4.4
4.6
4.3
4.0
3.7
1.4
3.2
2.4
3.9
5.2
4.7
5.8
3.8
4.5
3.8
3.3
3.9
2.0
3.4
2.6
3.9
5.4
5.0
4.0
February
April
Mav
July
August
September
October
Xovember
December
Year....
29.86
30.20
29.28
52.5
58.2
62.1
50.4
56.2
92
40
74
0.349
0.354
15.33 1.92
4.5 4.0
i From observations at 8 a. m. and 8 p. m. 76th meridian time. Local mean time 3 h. 10 m. slow.
40
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
ANNUAL METEOROLOGICAL SUMMAKY FOR THE YEARS 1899 AND 1900 Continued.
[H=155 ft.; ht=161 ft.; h,-=154 ft.; ha=167 ft.]
Date.
Wind.
Number of days.
By self-registers.
Number of winds, 8 a. m. and 8 p. m.
3
X
"3
>.
X
I
Precipi-
tation.
|
CO
'
I
Maxi-
mum
temp.
i
1
p
!l
s
1
'3
S
Elec-
tricity
>*
fe
fj
f
V
>
j
Prevailing direc-
tion.
Maximum velocity.
Direction at time of
maximum velocity.
Number of days
with gales.
A
I
Northeast.
j
Southeast.
a
I
Southwest.
J
1
Northwest.
S
3
0.01 inch and over.
0.04 inch and over.
Is
i
Above 90.
Thunderstorms.
Auroras.
1899.
January
Miles.
7.9
8.7
9.8
11.7
13.9
14.2
15.3
14.4
12.6
8.5
6.6
8.6
SE.
W.
w.
W.
w.
w.
sw.
sw.
sw.
w.
SE.
N.
m.
47
39
36
38
37
44
41
39
40
41
30
30
SW.
W.
W.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
sw.
sw.
2
3
1
1
1
14
6
2
3
1
3
12
18
5
1
2
2
2
4
1
1
2
3
1
11
4
7
3
2
1
1
4
11
7
2
2
9
3
5
1
1
9
6
3
6
11
16
10
13
21
35
27
23
11
6
8
10
25
25
33
41
37
27
33
35
28
16
8
10
7
1
8
1
1
3
4
15
5
11
6
18
21
23
16
18
20
21
8
18
11
10
9
10
7
5
11
11
8
5
11
6
15
7
16
2
3
2
4
2
2
5
11
7
11
2
15
5
2
1
9
12
10
9
1
10
3
2
6
11
10
1
1)
3
5
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
-o
February
April . .
May
June ...
July
August
September
October' .
November
December. .
Year
1900.
11.0
W.
47
sw.
8
59
12
12 51
41
187
318
50
185
104 , 76
67
52
1
18
1
7.2
7.2
10.0
11.8
12.1
14.3
14.5
13.1
10.9
9.1
6.9
7.3
N.
W.
W.
w.
w.
sw.
sw.
sw.
w.
w.
N.
N.
46
32
35
35
39
41
37
38
::-
31
43
48
SE.
w.
sw.
w.
w.
w.
sw.
sw.
sw.
sw.
s.
s.
1
2
1.
1
20
5
4
2
1
1
:;
12
23
3
3
1
1
2
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
13
5
6
5
1
ii
1
;t
2
4
5
2
10
2
3'
3
3
2
3
4
3
7
1
6
15
13
9
25
27
28
22
12
8
1
6
24
26
31
44
32
31
31
L'S
3(1
15
3
13
9
6
1
1
4
2
16
17
1
2
1
1
~r
' 9
13
12
16
17
15
25
18
22
15
8
11
n
10
14
8
10
11
4
10
5
10
12
11
11
5
5
6
4
4
2
3
3
6
10
9
7
6
6
6
2
2
2
9
9
6
6
2
6
6
2
1
1
6
s
5
1
1
3
6
3
I)
(1
2
(1
2
1
.
February
April...
Slav
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Year ....
10.4
W.
48
s.
5
71
14
10
40
47
167 307 G9
181
116
08
55
43
2
12
2
, 3 |
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST.
41
SOME MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURES.
The following tables showing the temperature when the thermometer registered 80 or above
and 32 - or below (Fahrenheit), with dates of same, were kindly furnished by Mr. Thomas Tennent.
'The thermometers used by Mr. Tennent were self-registering instruments purchased from
McAllister & Co., of Philadelphia, Pa., and brought out by him in 1849; the}' were tested and
found to be correct. The thermometers were exposed on the north side of a building, on supports
about 10 inches from the walls and about 6 feet above the ground. The readings were made by
Mr. Tennent personally, and cover the period from September 1, 1849, to December 31, 1871:
Maximum temperatures.
.
Sept. (5,1849 80
Oct. 13, 1849 81
Oct. 15,1849 84
Oct. 16,1849 85
Oct. 17,1849 80
Oct. 18,1849 81
Oct. 27,^849 82
Mar. 28, 1850 82
Mar. 29, 1850 82
Aug. 18, 1850 82
Sept. 18, 1850 80
Apr. 27, 1851 80
Apr. 28, 1851 85
Apr. 29, 1851 81
Aug. 18, 1851 82
Aug. 19, 1851 81
Oct. 18,1851 86
Mar. 22, 1852 81
Mar. 23, 1852 80
Apr. 17, 1852 80
Apr. 18, 1852 84
July 29, 1852 80
Sept, 1, 1852 80
Sept. 9, 1852 84
Sept. 10, 1852 94
Sept. 11, 1852 94
Sept. 16, 1852 85
Sept. 17, 1852 85
.
Sept. 18, 1852 85
Nov. 1, 1852 81
June 5, 1853 85
June 6, 1853 83
June 15, 1853 85
June 16, 1853 85
Sept, 5, 1853 81
Sept. 20, 1853 80
Oct. 21, 1853 81
July?, 1854 84
July 7, 1855 88
Sept 26, 1855 84
Sept, 5, 1856 80
Sept. 17, 1856 80
Sept. 18, 1856 81
June 16, 1857 88
Sept. 27, 1857 84
Sept. 28, 1857 80
Sept. 29, 1858 80
Sept. 30, 1858 87
"f.
May 6, 1865 84
June 18, 1865 82
June 19, 1865 80
Sept. 3, 1865 80
Sept. 4, 1865 87
Sept. 5, 1865 85
Apr. 23, 1866 82
June 26, 1866 80
Apr. 26, 1867 82
Oct. 1, 1859 82
Oct. 2, 1859 80
Apr. 26, 1860 81
Sept. 15, 1860 85
Sept. 17, 1860 80
Oct. 2,1864 80
Oct. 3, 1864 81
May5,1865 84
July 5, 1867 83
July 6, 1867 93
July7,1867 90
Sept, 18, 1867 80
Sept. 19, 1867 82
Sept. 20, 1867 83
Sept. 21, 1867 '.... 83
Oct. 7,1868 80
Sept. 24, 1869 81
Sept. 25, 1869 82
Sept. 26, 1869 81
May 6, 1870 84
May 7, 1870 86
July 1, 1870 82
July 2, 1870 86
Aug. 2, 1870 80
Oct. 5, 1870 80
Oct. 6,1870 83
Oct. 2, 1871 80
Minimum temperatures.
.
Nov. 21, 1849 30
Nov. 27, 1849 32
Nov. 28, 1849 28
Dec. 4, 1849 30
Dec. 5,1849 31
Dec.7,1849 31
Dec. 9, 1849 32
Dec. 10, 1849 32
Dec. 13, 1849 29
Jan. 13, 1850 31
Jan. 14, 1850 32
Jan. 19,1850 32
Mar. 4, 1850 30
Nov. 11, 1850 30
J)ec. 5,1850 29
Dec.6,1850 30
Jan. 17,1851 30
Mar. 20, 1851 30
Mar. 21, 1851 32
Jan.19, 1854 31
Jan.20,1854 25
Jan. 21, 1854 31
Dec. 24,1855 29
Dec. 25, 1855 32
Dec. 28, 1855 2S
Dec.29,1855 29
Dec.30,1855 30
Dec. 31, 1855 30
Jan. 1.1856 30
Dec.30,ia56 31
Jan. 8,1857 29
Jan. 9, 1857 32
Feb. 7,1857 30
.
1 Feb. 9, 1857 32
Jan.7,1858 31
| Jan. 14, 1858 '. 32
i Feb. 9, 1858 32
Mar. 18,1858 32
Dec.3,1858 32
Dec.7,1858 28
Dec. 8,1858 29
Dec. 9,1858 32
Jan. 7, 1859 32
Jan.9,1859 29
Jan. 10,1859 28
Jan. 11,1859 29
Jan. 12, 1859 30
Pec. 22, 1859 32
Jan. 18, 1861 32
Jan. 3, 1862 32
Jan. 4, 1862 26
Jan. 24, 1 862 32
Jan. 25, 1862 32
Jan.26,1862 29
Jan. 27, 1862 29
Jan. 28, 1S62 22
Jan.29,1862 27
Jan. 31, 1862 25
Feb. 1,1862 29
Feb.2,1862 29
Feb. 3, 1862 32
Feb. 4, 1862 32
Feb. 7, 1862 31
Feb. 8, 1862 32
Feb. 20. 1862 32
Mar.9,1862 31
.
Mar.30,1862 31
Mar. 31, 1862 32
Apr. 2, 1862.. . 32
May 11, 1862 32
Dec. 4,1862 32
Dec. 15, 1862 32
Dec.27,1862 31
Dec.29,1862 32
Dec.30,1862 32
Jan. 12, 1863 .. . 32
Jan. 17, 1863 32
Feb. 9, 1863 32
Jan.28,1864 32
Dec. 19,1865 31
Dec.28,1867 20
Jan.7,1868 30
Jan. 8, 1868 30
Jan. 11, 1868 32
Jan. 12, 1868 31
Jan.17,1868 31
Jan. 19, 1868 27
Jan.22,1868 30
Dec. 19, 1869 31
Dec. 21, 1869 30
Dec. 22, 1869 28
Dec. 16, 1870 32
Dec. 18, 1870 28
Dec. 19, 1870 31
Dec.20,1870 26
Dec.21.1870 32
Dec.22,1870 29
Dec.24,1870 28
42 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
NOTES FROM THE RECORD OF G. H. GIBBON3, M. D.
1847.
[From the California Star, San Francisco.]
January 19. Ice nearly one-fourth inch thick the first of the season; said to be a cold winter.
February 13. Heavy rains still continue at regular intervals of four to eight days. Already more rain this season
than in last three years.
April 3. A number of heavy rains in last six days. Dry weather for four or five weeks preceding. Dry weather
appears to have followed.
May 8. During the past week a succession of showers, sufficient to moisten the earth the annual "May rains;"
none to come after. San Joaquin country flooded; unusual amount of rain on the mountains hi winter.
May 22. Several light showers during past week.
July 2. A light but refreshing shower, barely sufficient to render the dust adhesive; a promise of more.
August 21. Cold winds and heavy fogs throughout the week.
August 28. A heavy shower of rain in evening, with thunder and lightning, extending some miles back.
September 18. A week of hot and calm weather; 92 in shade.
September 25. Sou' westers, sea fogs, etc.; "cool to overcoating" this week.
October 20. A furious norther, lasting till evening.
October 30. Weather dubious, inclining to "heavy wet."
November 6. Winter fairly closed in. The past week cold and disagreeable, with drenching rains and cold
winds. For a few days no locomotion allowed.
1848.
February 26. Rain fell abundantly the past week, and snow on the mountains.
March 18. Heavy rains during the week. Several weeks preceding the weather was delightful; 63.
April 1. Rains have been abundant.
1849.
[San Francisco Whig of September 3, 1862.]
September 19. Thunderstorm on Mokelumne River.
[From the Alta-California, April 17, 1850.]
The first southeast blow was on November 13 and the last in March; 7 southeast blows in that period, and
seventy-one days rain in those one hundred and thirty-nine days. Mean barometer 29.12; temperature 57.
1850.
[From the San Francisco Herald.]
September 10. Heavy rain above Marysville.
September 11. Shower at Marysville.
September 13. First rain of season; light shower at 6 a. m. at San Francisco.
September 15. Gentle rain most of day at San Francisco.
September W. Shower last night.
September 20 and 22. Rain on Tuolumne; great flood.
September 21. Moist and hazy. Much rain during day.
September 22. Bright and warm.
September 23. Rain at 2 p. m. and all the evening.
October. No rain noted during month.
November 19. Rain at times; began in morning; slight showers frequent through the day and night. Severe
gale from southeast in p. in. ; blew down Presbyterian church on Stockton street and damaged shipping.
November 22. Rain storrn. Price of carting raised from $1 and $1.50 to $2 and $2.50 from mud.
November 23. Calaboose inundated 1 foot during night.
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST.
The tables of monthly and seasonal rainfalls for San Francisco are given on page 9.
TOTAL NUMBER OF DAYS ON WHICH PRECIPITATION' HAS FALLEN* FROM MARCH 1, 1871, TO MARCH 1, 1901.
43
Mouth.
Less than
0.01.
0.01-0.10.
0.11-0.25.
0.26-0 JO.
0.51-1.00.
Oyer 1.00.
43
113
65
56
61
37
! 27
125
56
54
48
19
i 45
129
63
M
45
17
April
50 i
101
44
34
16
16
JJ a y
' 52 1
74
24
10
12
3
34
46
6
"5
3
J u ]y
15 i
16
1
22
13
27
32
11
7
5
25
62
22
18
17
12
31
77
47
35
22
25
31
97
58
74
49
38
|
NUMBER OF HIGH WINDS, SEPTEMBER, 1881, TO DECEMBER 31, 1900/'
Velocity.
Velocity.
30\o3a.
36 to 40.
Over 40.
30 to 35.
36 to 40.
Over 40.
20
16
8
Julv
188
56
2
21
7
1
August
157
35
* 2
March
41
11
2
September
107
7
j
April
82
14
2
October
35
j
May
121
15
2
November ,
6
1%
35
8
December
24
7
a All wind velocities are given in miles per hour.
Record commencing September 1, 1881.
HIGHEST WIND VELOCITY, DIRECTION-, AXD DATE FOR EACH MONTH TO DECEMBER 31,
1900.
Month.
Velocity.
Direc-
tion.
Date.
Month.
Velocity.
Direc-
tion.
Date.
48
SW.
26,1875
Jnly
41
W.
615,1898
48
SW
"22,1891
August
42
SW.
2,1893
March
44
N.
8,1880
September
40
W.
27,1899
April
47
NW.
23,1871
October
41
W.
10,1899
Mav
45
W.
11,1897
November
56
SE.
30,1892
48
SW.
30,1873
December
60
SE.
23,1892
a Cups blew off before maximum was reached.
* Also other dates.
AVERAOE VELOCITY OF AFTERNOON* WINDS.
Month.
2 to 3.
3 to 4.
4 to 5.
Month.
2 to 3.
3 to 4.
4 to 5.
Janua
8 8
8.6
8.0
July
21.0
21.6
22.0
10.5
10.8
10.8
August
20.2
20.9
20.8
March
13 4
14.1
14.1
September
17.7
18.5
18.4
April
16.7
17.3
16.9
October
13.4
14.0
14.1
Mav
18.0
18.5
18.1
November
9.2
9.4
9.6
20.8
21.3
21.0
December
8.4
8.1
44 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
GREATEST PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS FOR EACH MONTH.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
'
June.
July.
Aug.
' Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Greatest
annual.
1871
0.57
0.73
0.54
0.65
0.45
1.59
0.56
1.01
3.31
0.57
0.69
0.86
1.63
2.21
0.55
0.65
0.52
1.34
3.08
1.86
0.68
0.90
0.98
0.34
0.67
0.84
1.42
0.13
2.15
0.90
0.67
1.28
0.35
0.36
0.70
0.06
0.60
0.08
0.61
0.72
2.21
1.09
0.44
0.76
1.66
2.03
1.36
1.45
0.11
0.30
0.55
1.20
0.38
0.71
0.30
0.89
2.43
0.20
0.19
0.45
0.36
0.88
0.13
0.15
0.00
0.23
0.14
0.24
0.18
0.14
0.93
0.84
0.17
0.15
1.23
0.12
0.04
0.21
0.03
0.19
1.29
0.53
0.61
1.15
0.14
0.68
0.27
0.34
0.61
1.23
0.77'
0.22
0.46
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.13
0.90
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.00
0.41
0.02
0.01
1.23
0.10
0.01
0.07
0.10
0.03
0.05
0.10
T.
0.03
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.19
0.18
0.01
0.04
T.
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.23
T.
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.09
0.00
0.02
T.
0.01
0.04
T.
0.00
0.00
T.
0.02
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
T.
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
T.
0.00
0.01
0.01
T.
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
T.
T.
T.
T.
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.45
T.
0.00
0.25
0.26
0.42
0.21
0.11
0.01
0.18
0.92
T.
0.31
0.63
0.02
0.12
1.04
0.62
0.41
0.08
0.73
0.00
0.45
0.07
0.11
0.77
1.58
0.22
1.39
0.36
1.27
0.56
0.05
0.21
1.40
1.19
1.15
0.70
0.72
0.00
0.05
2.03
0.00
0.03
0.91
0.10
0.64
0.06
1.46
1.41
0.45
1.94
0.34
1.24
2.06
0.80
3.98
2.37
0.19
0.56
0.45
1.38
0.32
1.34
2.41
1.01
0.19
2.58
0.77
0.48
1.68
0.92
0.00
0.26
1.46
1.69
0.88
1.06
2.79
0.42
0.36
1.51
1.66
3.14
2.33
2.33
0.15
1.50
0.00
1.11
0.33
1.55
2.36
1.35
0.76
0.28
2.07
2.78
1.10
1.14
1.51
1.46
1.90
2.21
2.34
0.97
1.64
0.51
1.65
1.02
0.70
1.17
0.74
3.14
2.36
2.33
3.98
2.37
1.80
1.63
1.98
3.31
2.36
4.67
2.41
1.63
2.21
2.78
2.40
3.60
1.68
3.08
2.08
3.38
2.34
1.69
2.61
1.96
2.79
1.42
1.23
2.15
1.92
1872
2.36
1.02
1.61
2.19
1.76
1.63
1.98
1.04
1.03
4.67
0.57
1.30
1.44
0.97
2.40
0.80
1.58
0.81
2.08
0.75
, 1.06
1.39
2.61
1.96
1.85
1.08
0.33
0.98
1 oo
1.28
0.82
0.81
0.27
1.80
0.52
1.92
1.66
0.64
1.37
0.82
0.71
1.52
0.15
0.18
3.60
0.38
0.59
1.63
3.38
1.03
1.06
1.05
1.44
0.18
1.23
0.78
0.08
0.50
1.95
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881 . ...
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890 . ...
1891
1892 . . .
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900 '
1901
1.75
Greatest I " "'
[date .
4.67
29,1881
3.60
4-5, 1887
3.31
4-5, 1879
2.43
23-24, 1896
1.29
4-5,1889
1.23
11-12, 1884
0.23
16,1886
0.06
29-30, 1896
1.04
29-30, 1894
2.03
17-18, 1889
3.98
23, 1874
3.14
18-19,1871
DATES WHEN PRECIPITATION EQUALED OR EXCEEDED 2.50 INCHES IN ANY CONSECUTIVE TWENTY-FOUK HOURS.
Inches.
December 17 and 18, 1871, from 11.43 p. in. 17th to 11.43 p. m. 18th 2. 83
December 18 and 19, 1871, from 11.43 p. m. 18th to 11.43 p. m. 19th 3. 12
November 22 and 23, 1874, from 11.08 p. m. 22d to 11.08 p. m. 23d 3.98
March 4 and 5, 1879, from 4.43 p. m. 4th to 4.43 p. m. 5th 3.31
January 28 and 29, 1881, from 11.08 p. m. 28th to 11.08 p. m. 29th 4.67
November 23 and 24, 1885, from 11 p. m. 23d to 11 p. m. 24th 2. 58
December 21, 1885, 'from 1.35 a. m. 21st to 1.35 p. m. 21st 2.78
February 4 and 5, 1887, from 3 p. m. 4th to 3 p. m. 5th 3.60
March 12 and 13, 1889, from 8.15 a. m. 12th to 8 a. m. 13th 3.08
February 14 and 15, 1891, from 8.45 p. m. 14th to 8 p. m. 15th 3.38
January 19 and 20, 1894, from 8 p. m. 19th to 8 p. m. 20th 2. 61
November 23 and 24, 1896, 6 a. m. 23d to 6 a. m. 24th 2. 79
Maximum rates of rainfall January 1, 1893, to December 31, 1900: Five minutes, 0.16; 10 minutes,
0.19; 1 hour, 0.55. On February 22, 1901: Five minutes, 0.17; 10 minutes, 0.21. On October 23, 1902:
Five minutes, 0.16; 10 minutes, 0.20. On February 7, 1903: Five minutes, 0.19; 10 minutes, 0.23.
GREATEST MONTHLY PRECIPITATION AND DATE.
Month.
Year.
Amount.
Month.
Year.
Amount.
1862
24 36
July
1886
0.23
1878
12 52
1864
0.21
1879
8 75
1898
1.06
April
1880
10.06
October
1889
7.28
1883
3.52
1885
11.78
1884
2.57
December
1866
15.16
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST.
LEAST MONTHLY PRECIPITATION AND DATE.
45
Month.
Year.
Amount.
Month.
Year.
Amount.
1852
0.58
July
()
0.00
1864
0.00
August
w
0.00
March
1898
0.24
September
(")
0.00
April
1857
00
October
()
0.00
May
(a)
0.00
November
1890
0.00
V '
(a)
00
1876
0.00
a Many years.
NUMBER OF TIMES MONTHLY PRECIPITATION HAS EXCEEDED THE NORMAL FOR FIFTY' YEARS.
Month.
Total.
First 25
years.
Second
25 years.
Month.
Total.
First 25
years.
Second
25 years.
19
9
10
July
6
2
4
22
13
9
August
7
5
2
20
10
10
September
18
4
14
18
9
9
October ;
16
5
11
Mav
18
8
10
November
23
15
8
9
1
X
December
20
13
AVERAGE HOURLY WIND VELOCITY (MILES PER HOUR).
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
6.1
6.1
6.7
7.3
7.9
9.3
9.2
8.9
6.8
5.3
5.2
6.1
2am
6.2
5.9
6.3
7.0
7.6
8.8
8.8
8.5
6.4
5.0
5.1
6.2
6.3
5.8
6.3
6.6
7.2
8.2
8.2
7.9
6.0
4.9
5.2
6.2
6.3
5.9
6.2
6.3
6.8
7.6
7.8
7.6
5.9
4.8
5.1
6.3
6.4
6.1
6.3
6.1
6.6
7.1
7.4
7.3
5.6
4.8
6.2
6.4
6.5
5.9
6.1
6.0
6.4
6.9
7.4
6.9
5.4
4.7
53
6.5
6.4
5.8
6.1
6.2
6.7
7.1
7.4
6.8
5.4
4.7
5.1
6.6
ga m
6.5
6.2
6.6
7.0
7.5
8.1
8.0
7.4
5.8
5.0
5.5
6.8
7.0
6.9
7.3
7.8
8.3
8.8
8.6
7.8
6.4
5.6
6.1
7.1
7.6
7.6
8.0
8.6
9.3
10.3
9.9
8.9
7.0
6.2
6.6
7.7
lla.m
7.9
7.6
8.4
9.7
11.0
12.4
11.8
11.1
8.3
6.7
6.7
7.8
8.2
7.8
9.2
11.6
13.3
15.2
14.7
13.3
10.7
8.1
6.8
7.9
8.4
8.6
10.6
13.9
15.4
17.8
17.4
16.0
13.3
9.9
7.4
8.2
8.7
9.6
12.2
15.6
17.0
19.8
19.7
18.5
15.7
11.8
8.6
8.5
8.8
10.5
13.4
16.7
18.0
20.8
21.0
20.2
17.7
13.4
9.2
8.4
8.6
10.8
14.1
17.3
18.5
21.3
21.6
20.9
18.5
14.0
9.4
8.1
8.0
10.8
14.1
16.9
18.1
21.0
22.0
20.8
18.4
14.1
9.6
7.7
7.6
'.'. -
13.1
15.9
17.1
20.1
20.7
19.9
17.0
13.2
8.8
7.6
7.3
9.0
11.6
14.3
15.2
18.2
18.7
17.5
14.8
11.0
7.7
7.0
6.8
8.3
9.9
12.3
13.1
16.1
16.2
15.2
12.0
9.0
6.7
6.7
6.5
7.4
8.6
10.6
11.3
13.5
14.0
18.3
10.0
7.7
6.1
6.6
10 pm
6.1
7.0
7.8
9.5
10.0
11.8
12.3
11.3
9.0
6.6
5.6
6.4
11 p. m
5.9
6.4
7.2
8.6
9.0
10.8
10.8
10.2
8.2
6.0
5.2
6.2
12 midnight
6.0
6.1
6.8
7.8
8.3
10.1
10.0
9.4
7.4
5.6
5.1
6.0
7.0
7.6
8.8
10.4
11.3
13.0
13.1
12.3
10.1
7.8
6.6
7.0
46
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFOKNIA.
MONTHLY RELATIVE HUMIDITY (PEE CENT).
Month.
A. M.
P. M.
Average.
Month.
A. M.
P.M.
Average.
January
83
75
79
July
89
80
84
February
83
73
78
90
82
86
March
8''
73
78
88
78
83
April
83
74
78
October
85
74
80
May
84
74
79
82
76
June
80
80
84
76
80
DATES OF SNOWFALL IN SAN FRANCISCO SINCE MAKCH 1, 1871.
January 21, 1876. Light snow fell for ten minutes.
December 31, 1882. Heavy snow fell from 11.30 a. m. to 4.20 p. m. ; amount, 3.5 inches.
February 6, 1883. A few flakes of snow fell during the day.
February 7, 1884-- Snow fell at intervals during the day, depth varying from 1 to 2 inches.
February 5, 1887. Snow fell during the day; depth at office, 3.7 inches, while in the western portion of the city
it was fully 7 inches deep.
January 4, 1888. A few flakes of snow fell during the day.
January 16, 1888. Light snow fell to the depth of 0.1 inch.
March 2, 1894. A few flakes of snow fell during the day.
March 2, 1896. Snow mixed with rain fell at intervals during the day.
March 8, 1896. Heavy snow fell during the night; depth at office at 8 a. m., 1 inch.
February 3, 1903. Snow and rain, large flakes, 11.16 to 11.20 a. in.
THE GREAT RAINSTORM OF 1866.
Mr. L. J. Le Conte, C. E., of Oakland, has kindly furnished the following relative to the
great rainstorm in this city on the 19th and 20th of December, 1866:
Our profession is interested in maximum rainfall in twenty-four hours. I inclose a copy of the record of the
memorable rainfall of December 19 and 20, 1866, which is given in hourly subdivisions. The monthly rainfall was
also the maximum on record 15.16 inches while at Sacramento the record was 12.90 inches. I think this was
published in full in the Evening Bulletin in December, 1885.
Following is the record referred to:
Inches.
December 19 11.45 a. m. to 4.45 p. m 1. 97
December 19 4.45 p. m. to 7.45 p. m 2. 27
December 197.45 p. m. to 9.50 p. m 0. 85
December 199.50 p. m. to 1 a. m 1. 20
Inches.
December 20 1 a. m. to 8.15 a. m 1.47
Total in 21 hours . 7. 76
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST.
*fa
AM. fif
1 S 3 4 S 6 7 8 JO HK>pnl 234SG7aglO1112
Miles
A.M.
ia34S673ff JO USk
JP>K
OT/ 2 8 4 S ff 7 S 9 tO 11 12
32
SI
so
19
IS
17
ie
15
14
13
12
11
10
7
<y
4
a
2
1
O
,~
23
21
SO
19
IS
17
je
is
13
is
11
10
ff
a
7
ff
S
4
3
2
1
O
4<
5
\
s
-v.
/
/
1
s
1
I
'
v
|
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I
/
\
z
^~
<-
1
\
/
/
//
f'
/,.
"N
s
\
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/
:'/
'j
s
5
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,
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T '
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.
x -
.
7
,
i
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I
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.
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rr-rr
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^
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X
--:
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s
-
FIG. 6. Monthly curves of hourly wind velocities.
FIG. 7. Hourly wind velocities at San Francisco.
\
J
1
4
1
\
f
^
1
1
^
1
ai
90
ss
ss
S7
36
as
S3
83
SI
ao
79
7S
77
7O
75
74
73
72
71
^
/\
/
\
f
\
/
\
/
A
\
f
f
^
\
\
^
/
1
\
\
i
s
x, S
/
1
\
V
/
A
\
\
J
\
\
/
/
\
\
\
s
'
f
\
\
\
W
/
\
V
/
\
/
\
/
\
\
\
/
7
\
T
w
V
k
I
i
$
&
S
41
1
f
s
^
1
J
4
1
23
Z2
SI
20
19
ia
17
ie
is
14
23
13
11
JO
&
5
7
G
S
4
3
2
1
O
1
1
1
1
FIG. 8. Mean relative humidity upper, 5 a. m.; lower, 5 p. m.
FIG. 9. Percentage annual rainfall each month. From Bulletin
D, by A. J. Henry.
48
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
RAINFALL (INCHES AND HUNDRBDTHS) AS MEASURED BY JOHN PETTEE, JANUARY 1, 1865, TO MARCH 19, 1902.
[In this record the day commences at about 7 a. m. on the date mentioned and ends on the succeeding day at about 7 a. m.]
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
1
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Rain year
1861.-65. a
1865.
0.04
0.08
0.02
0.04
0.88
0.22
1.07
0.37
0.10
1.41
0.01
0.02
0.35
0.07
0.05
0.11
0.04
0.53
0.08
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.26
0.34
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.11
0.22
0.49
0.09
0.01
0.29
0.33
0.01
0.10
0.13
0.03
0.11
0.03
0.17
0.01
0.95
0.03
0.83
0.09
0.15
0.07
0.74
0.19
1.07
0.47
0.02
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.30
0.09
0.08
0.01
.Ram year
1S6/.-6S.
1866.
0.32
0.24
1.C2
0.53
1.C3
0.59
0.05
0.80
1.C5
0.74
0.01
O.S5
3.08
0.52
0.06
0.12
0.13
0.27
0.05
0.55
0.14
0.13
0.06
0.01
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.31
0.02
0.04
0.10
0.46
0.35
0.04
0.01
0.67
0.01
0.22
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.08
0.12
0.07
0.10
0.44
0.03
0.01
0.15
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.19
0.10
0.95
0.10
0.31
0.13
0.01
Rain year
1866-67.
1866.
November 2 ...
November 3 ...
November 4 ...
November 6 ...
November 7 ...
November 1C . .
November 19 . .
November 23 . .
November 24 . .
November 25 ..
November 29 ..
November 30 . .
December 1
December 2
Decembers
December 10. . .
December 11...
December 12...
December 14...
December 15...
December 16...
December 17...
'December 18...
December 19...
December 20...
December 21...
December 23
December 24...
December 25...
December 26...
December 27...
December 28...
December 29...
December CO.. .
1867.
0.28
O.C5
0. C5
0.01
0.11 ;
0.31
0.06
0.16
0.53
0.43
0.60 ;
0.17
0.70
0.13
0.12
0.13
0.69
0-01
0.02
1.03
0.10
0.16
2.41
0.14
7.67
0.67
0.13
0.08
0.04
0.78
0.10
0.41
0.28
0.20
0.01
0.39
0.64
0.02
0.24
0.75
0.04
0.08
0.34
0.46
1.14
0.34
0.70
0.04
0.17
1.03
0.20
0.02
0.01
0.56
0.65
1.74
1.76
0.14
0.04
Rain year
1866-67.
1867.
February 27
February 28 ...
March 1
1.02
0.60
0.21
0.42
0.02
0.09
0.00
0.20
0.92
0.22
0.26
0.04
0.70
0.53
0.01
0.04
0.01
Rain year
1867-6,1.
1868.
January 13
0.05
0.53
1.07
0.04
0.50
1.00
0.81
0.82
0.77
0.87
.0.08
0.24
0.54
0.33
0.11
0.02
1.43
0.31
2.41
0.21
0.18
0.38
0.09
0.11
1.39
0.17
0.22
0.04
0.07
0.11
0.22
0.07
0.93
1.02
0.02
0.03
0.12
0.14
0.45
0.21
0.86
0.10
0.01
0.14
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.10
0.06
January 18
January 24
January 25
January 26
January 27
January 28
January 30
January 31
February 1
February 11 ...
February 13 ...
February 14 ...
February 15 ...
February 16 ...
February 17 ...
February 18 ...
February 19 ...
February 21 ...
February 27 ...
February 28 ...
March 1
January 19
January 20
January 21
January 22
January 23
January 24
January 25
January 26
February 7
February 19
February 20 ...
February 21
February 22 ...
February 23 ...
February 24 ...
February 25 ...
February 26 ...
February 27...
February 28 ...
February 29 ...
March 1
March 8
January 10
January 11
January 12
January 13
January 16
January 17
January 18
January 19
January 20
January 21
January 22
January 23
January 24
January 31
February 1
February 2
February 3
February 5
February 9
February 10 ...
February 12 ...
February 26 ...
February 27 ...
February 28 ...
March 1
March 10
March 17
March 20
March 21
March 31
April 4
April 9
AprillO
April 11
April 12
May 17
May 24
Total
Rain year
1S67-6S.
1867.
September 14..
35.94
0.06
0.56
0.44
0.50
0.28
0.61
0.01
0.73
0.37
0.17
0.03
0.02
0.17
0.30
O.C3
0.36
0.02
0.10
0.54
1.75
0.73
0.80
1.21
2.03
0.72
0.83
0.03
0.11
0.68
2.40
0.47
0.05
0.14
0.13
0.58
0.90
0.43
March 3
March 2
March 1
November 5 ...
November 6 ...
November 18..
November 19 ..
November 20 . .
November 21 . .
November 23 . .
November 24 . .
November 25 . .
November 30 . .
December 1
December 7
Decembers
December 9
December 12...
December 15...
December 16. ..
December 17. . .
December 18. . .
December 20. ..
December 21 ...
December 22. . .
December 23...
December 24. . .
December 25
December 29...
December 30...
December 31...
1868.
January 1
January 2
Januarys
January 4
Januarys
Januaryll
January 12
March 3
March 11
March 4
March 12
March 11
March 12
March 19
April 6
March 13
April7
March 4
March 14
April 8
March 15
April 27
March 20
May 17
March 7
March 21
MaylS
March 8
March 22
July 1C
March 17
April 1
September 24 . .
September 20 . .
October 7
March 18
April 2
March 10
Aprils
March 20
January 4
April 6
October 8
March 21
April 9
March 22
January 19
January 11
January 12
January 14
January 18
January 19
January 20
January 21
January 22
January 23
January 24
January 25
January 26
January 29
February 2
February 9
February 18 ...
February 19 ...
February 20 ...
February 21 ...
February 25 ...
February 26 ...
n Part
AprillO
October 23
March 23
April 11
March 24
April 13
November 13 ..
November 14 . .
November 16 . .
November 17 . .
November 18 . .
November 19 . .
November 20 . .
November 21 . .
November 22 . .
November 30 . .
December 1
December 7
December 9
December 13...
December 21...
December 23...
December 24...
December 25
December 26...
March 25
April 14
March 29
April 29
March 30
April 30
March 31
Mav 12
April 14
Mav 13
April 18
May 18
April 29
June 12
April 30
June 22
May V
June 23
Mavl7
Total ....
Rain year
1868-fi9.
1868.
September 30 . .
October 1
October 2
October '.''2
40.62
May 22
0.12
0.08
0.02
0.02
May 25
Mav 26
Mav 27
June 21
Total ....
23.57
CLIMATE OF XOBTH AND CENTRAL COAST. 49
RAINFALL (INCHES AND HUXDREDTHS) AS MEASURED BY JOHN PETTEE, JANUARY 1, 1865, TO MARCH 19, 1902 Cont'd.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Sain year
1868-69.
1868.
November 4
0.06
Rain year
isea-70.
1869.
July 10
0.07
Ruin year
1870-71.
1870.
September 29 . .
0.04
Rain year
1871-73.
1871.
02
Rain year
1871-72.
1872.
73
November 18 . .
November 19 . .
0.64
0.39
September 2 . . .
i October 18
0.09
0.05
September 30 . .
November 4
0.02
0.02
September 16..
October 27
0.04
0.13
February 29 ...
March 4
0.15
49
November 24 .-
0.19
October 19
0.64
November 6 . . .
0.20
November 3
0.09
March 5
09
November 29 . .
0.07
October 20
1.07
November 7 ...
0.12
November 12 ..
0.02
March 8
35
December 17 . .
0.50
October 21
0.58
November 8 . . .
0.01
November 14 . .
0.15
March 10
0.25
December 19 . .
0.01
November 5 ...
0.15
November 9 . . .
0.03
November 15
0.08
March 11
17
December 21 ..
0.11
November 10..
0.81
November 26 . .
0.03
November 24 . .
0.29
March
01
December 22 . .
0.14
November 11 ..
0.15
November 29 . .
0.08
November 25 . .
0.06
March 26
0.08
December 23 ..
1.32
November 12 . .
0.04
December 1 . . .
0.63
November 26
0.81
March 30
09
December 24 ..
0.12
November 27 . .
0.09
December '2 ...
0.40
November 27 . .
0.11
April 12
0.13
December 25 . .
0.62
December 7.
1.23
December 5
1.28
November 28
0.66
April 14
35
December 26 ..
0.61
Decembers
0.44
December 6 ...
0.31
December 1
0.11
April 15
36
December 29 ..
0.15
December 10...
0.30
December 7 . . .
0.04
December 2
0.01
April 16
20
December 30 . .
0.45
December 22.
0.38
Decembers ...
0.01
December 17
L50
April 26
18
December 31 ..
0.37
December 23...
0.61
December 13 . .
0.17
December 18. . .
2.54
MaySl
11
December 24
1.35
December 14 . .
0.20
December 19
1.28
01
January 1
0.86
December 25. ..
0.19
December 20. . .
1.22
10
Total....
28.91
January 2
January 3
0.20
0.01
0.09
187').
January 10
January 12
0.20
0.21
1871.
January 9
0.48
December 22...
December 23...
1.57
1.36
Rain year
1871-73.
January 10
January 11
January 13
January 22
January 23
January 25
January 26
January 27
January 28
January 29
January 30
February 2
Februarys
0.01
0.05
0.11
0.25
1.50
0.33
0.30
0.02
0.62
1.08
0.04
0.63
0.09
January 13
January 14
January 15
January 17
January 18
January 19
January 20
January 21
January 22
January 23
February 9
February 11 ...
February 12 ...
0.59
1.13
0.03
0.03
0.88
0.13
0.32
0.15
0.07
0.02
0.46
0.16
0.02
January 10
January 17
January 18
January 22
January 23
January 27
January 28
February 3
February 4
February 6
February 7
February 13 ...
February 14 ...
0.14
0.54
0.15
0.39
0.24
0.31
0.09
0.01
0.39
O.C3
0.01
0.30
0.30
34
December 24
December 26...
December 27...
December 28. ..
December 29...
December 30. . .
December 31...
1872.
January 2
Januarv-3
Januarys
January 6
January 7 .
0.03
0.20
0.65
0.16
0.62
0.16
1.17
0.56
0.02
0.20
0.09
1.34
1872.
September 25..
October 25
October 26
November 3 ...
November 4
November 8 ...
November 11 ..
November 12 . .
November 28..
November 29 .
December 4...
December 22...
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.20
0.02
0.01
0.49
0.01
0.62
1.60
0.04
0.75
February 7 1
Februarv 20
0.86
January 8
1.30
December 23
0.46
February 10 ...
February 11
March 12 .
1.82
0.08
0.12
0.07
February 17 ...
February 19...
February 20 ...
0.02
0.44
0.40
February 21 ...
February 22 ...
February 23 ...
1.03
0.01 .'
0.22
January 10
January 11
January 12
0.07
0.01
0.01
December 24...
December 25. . .
December 23. ..
2.31
1.17
0.36
March 5
0.04
January 13
0.01
December 2 /...
0.94
March 6
0.22
January 30
0.04
December 28...
1.62
March 12
0.14
January 31
0.01
December 30...
0.13
March 14
0.04 !
February 1
0.01
1873.
March 16
0.15 !
February 2
0.04
January 1
0.17
March 18
0.07
Februarys
0.12 ;
Januarv2
0.26
March 19
0.13
February 4
0.01 '
January 4
0.12
March 22
0.19
February 7
0.80
Januarys
0.01
March 24
03
March 12
11
March 23
0.25
February 8
1.15
January 10
0.11
94
March 24
0.03
February 10 ...
0.49
January 11
0.06
March 17
01
Aprils
0.06
February 11 ...
0.01
January 12
0.07
March 22
0.30
April 4
0.68
February 13 ...
0.14
January 29
0.20
March 29
0.03
Aprils
0.81
February 14 ...
0.01
January 30
0.30
April2
0.25
April 7
0.01
February 15
24
January 31
1.31
Aprils
0.44
April 16
0.49
February 16 ...
0.31
February 1
0.33
May 17
03
April 4
n.iil
May 4
0.01
February 17...
0.10
February 2
0.22
May7
0.01
February 18 ...
0.08
Februarys
0.22
Mav 22
07
May 3
May 15
0.06
February 21 ...
0.95
February 4 '
0.06
Mav23
C3
Mav 18
09
May26
0.04
Februarv 23 ...
1.30
0.02
June 14
06
Mav 19
13
Mav 28
39
1 07
Total
20.56
Total
20.22
Total
1
13.10
February 25 ...
Fi'hrurv *2fi
a 19
n n?
February 9
0.02
n 32
1176 Bull. L 03-
50 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
RAINFALL (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) AS MEASURED BY JOHN PETTEE, JANUARY 1, 1865, TO MARCH 19, 1902 Cont'd.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Rain year
1872-75.
1873.
February 12 . . .
February 14 . . .
February 16 ...
February 16 . . .
February 17 . . .
February 18 . . .
February 23 . . .
February 25 . . .
February 26 . . .
February 27 ...
February 28 . . .
0.23
0.01
0.28
0.05
1.01
0.03
0.14
0.01
0.68
0.04
0.05
0.48
0.10
0.25
0.02
0.12
0.30
0.01
Rain year
1S7S-71,.
1874.
January 21
January 25
January 26
January 27
January 28
January 30
February 2
February 6
February 8
February 9
February 10 . . .
February 11 .-..
February 12 ...
February 13 . . .
February 16 ...
February 17 ...
February 28 ...
March 1
0.14
0.36
0.09
0.22
0.44
0.31
0.29
0.02
0.08
0.01
0.10
0.26
0.19
0.82
0.17
0.14
0.41
0.33
0.21
0.08
0.06
0.16
0.01
0.35
0.22
0.75
0.06
0.02
0.64
0.13
0.19
0.34
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.12
0.02
0.06
0.01
0.58
0.05
0.02
0.33
0.03
0.25
0.04
0.05
0.03
0.06
0.01
0.01
Rain year
lSlk-15.
1874.
October 22
October 24
October 25
October 26
October 27
November 3 . . .
November 4 .. .
November 5 ...
November "7 ...
November 9 . . .
November 10 . .
November 12 . .
November 17 . .
November 21 . .
November 22 . .
November 23 . .
November 24 . .
November 30 . .
December 2
December 14...
December 23...
December 25. ..
1875.
January 11
January 13
January 14
January 15
January 16
January 17 . .'. .
January 18
January 19
January 20
January 21
January 22
January 23
January 24
January 31
February 24 ...
March 1
0.03
0.59
1.26
0.17
0.01
0.02
0.43
0.98
0.14
0.02
0.0-2
0.01
0.02
0.10
1.18
2.43
0.01
0.05
0.09
0.02
0.04
0.11
0.01
0.85
0.45
0.01
0.22
1.12
1.35
0.52
0.01
0.17
1.26
0.80
0.09
0.27
0.01
0.12
0.27
0.25
0.01
0.10
0.01
0.04
0.32
0.09
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.07
0.09
0.88
0.12
Rain year
1876-76.
1875.
October 31
November 1 . . .
November 6 . . .
November 10 ..
November 11 . .
November 12 . .
November 13 . .
November 14 ..
November 15 . .
November 16 . .
November 17 ..
November 18 . .
November 20 . .
November 22 . .
November 23 . .
November 24 . .
November 25 . .
November 26 . .
November 29 . .
November 30 . .
December 1
Decembers
December 18...
December 24. . .
December 25...
December 26...
December 27...
December 28...
December 31 ...
1876.
January 2 .
0.01
0.36
0.20
0.03
0.01
0.34
0.24
0.21
0.11
1.87
1.60
0.26
0.03
0.06
0.18
0.04
0.01
1.03
0.01
0.64
0.03
0.59
0.45
0.70
0.02
0.12
0.92
0.25
0.27
1.40
0.65
0.09
0.95 ,
0.65
0.36
0.17
0.26
0.72
1.37
0.16
0.03
0.42
0.02
0.01
0.02
1.12
0.73
0.05
0.62
0.62
0.31
0.03
0.55
0.36
0.40
0.94
O.lil
0.46
1.09
0.38
0.26
Rain year
1875-76.
1876.
March 11
0.05
0.27
0. 15
0.06
0.25
0.54
0.03
0.10
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.26
o.oi
0.04
March 12
March 28
March 29
April 3
April 6
April 8
April 9
April 17
April 21
April 28
May 19
March 6
May 23
March 15
March 30
Total . . . .
Sain year
1876-77.
1876.
28.28
April 2
April 20
0.02
0.01
0.19
0.11
0.02
0.45
0.78
0.07
0.17
1.21
0.22
0.08
0.22
0.06
0.46
0.37
0.17
0.18
0.09
0.01
0.36
0.65
0.13
1.10
0.36
0.01
0.28
0.31
0.01
0.06
0.29
0.05
0.15
0.08
0.14
0.56
0.07
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.10
0.11
April 27
Total ....
Rain year
187S-7lt.
1873.
July 14
March 2
19.54
March 3 ...
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.14
0.36
0.06
0.35
0.01
0.07
0.77
0.05
1.93
1.09
0.16
0.60
0.14
0.65
0.35
0.30
0.18
0.43
0.11
0.01
0.42
0.37
0.22
0.63
1.44
0.49
0.17
1.52
0.01
0.06
0.68
0.49
0.14
0.25
C.59
0.04
March 4
July 6
March 5 . .
September 4 . . .
September 29..
March 6
March 7
July 22
March 10
August 4
March 11
October 6
March 12
October 25
October 7
March 13
October 8
March 14 .
October 27
October 28
Novembers ...
November 16 ..
1877.
January 15
January 16
November 5
November 12 . .
November 13 . .
November 29 . .
November 30 . .
Decembers
December 4
Decembers
December 6
December 7
Decembers
December 9
December 13...
December 14...
December 15. . .
December 16...
December 18...
December 19...
December 21...
December 27...
December 28...
December 29. ..
December 30. . .
December 31 ...
1874.
January 1
January 2
January 14
January 15
January 16
January 17
January 18
January 19
January 20
March 15
March 25
March 27
March 28
January 3
April 2
April 3
April 4
January 7
April 5
January 19
January 20
January 21
January 22
January 23
January 24
January 25
April 9
January 18
April 10
January 20
January 21
March 2
April 29
March 3
March 5
January 28
January 29
January 30
January 31
February 2
February 11 ...
February 12 ...
February 20 ...
February 22 ...
February 25 ...
February 28 ...
May 4
March 24
March 26
January 27
January 30
February 4
February 7
February 8
February 9
February 10 ...
February 11 ...
February 24 ...
February 25
February 26 ...
February 27 ...
March 1
May 6
March 27
March 28
April 4
April 29
May5
May 7
Total ....
Rain year
1871.-76.
1874.
Septembers...
September 30 . .
October 1
Octobers
October 15
October 18
October 21 ...
May 14
24.55
June 12
0.05
0. 05
0.02
0.15
0.03
0.13
0.36
June 13
June 16
March 2
Total ....
Rain year
1875-76.
1875.
October 25
October 26
October 27 ...
18.15
March 5
March 9 . .
0.02
0.18
0.03
March 2
March 10
March 14
March 28
April 2
March 3
March 6
March 7 .
April 7
March 8 . .
Aoril 14...
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST.
51
R.\iNFALL (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) AS MEASURED BY JOHN PETTEE, JANUARY 1, 1865, TO MARCH 19, 1902 Cont'd.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount. ,
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Rain year
1876-77.
1877.
\pril 15
04
ItuiH year
1ST7-78.
1878.
February 15 ...
0.34
Rain year
1878-79.
1879.
January 22
0.43
Rain year
1879-SO.
1879.
November 13 ..
0.49
Rain year
1879-SO.
1880.
April 21
0.36
April 18
02
February 16
16
0.79
November 28 . .
0.55
April 22
0.04
May 28
13
0.74
January 24
0.04
November 29 . .
0.66
May4
0.15
01
February 18
1 55
0.40
November 30 . .
0.63
Mays
0.01
05
01
0.02
Mav 10
0.78
Total ....
9.96
February 20
09
0.22
December 2
0.64
May 11
0.11
Rain year
98
02
0.08
May 12
0.01
1877-78.
19
82
December 5
0.39
June 23
0.01
1877.
05
February 26 ...
0.86 I
February 9
0.75
06
December 7
0.35
20
Total....
23.62
0.25
March 3
0.66
February 11 ...
1.32
December 18...
0.41
Rain year
30
March 4
0.01 '
Februarv 12 ...
0.29
December 19
0.77
188O-81.
0.01
0.26 '
February 13 ...
0.05
December 20...
0.18
1880.
07
March 6
76
49
December 21
0.57
October 7 . .
0.06
27
March 7
0.05
February 16 . .
0.24
December 22. ..
0.02
October 31
0.01
0.16
March 9
0.05
February 17
0.15
December 28...
0.22
November 22 . .
0.05
56
March 12
16
March 1
0.11
November 23 .
0.34
0.11
March 13
0.72
March 3
0.01
December 1
2.00
November 15 , .
0.15
March 14
0.01
March4
3.55
December 2
0.74
0.02
March 17
0.07
March 5
1.C5 i
December 3
0.09
0.14
March 20
C.54
Marche
0.71
December 4
0.48
0.22
March24
0.51
March7
0.30
Decembers
0.05
os
March 26
51
March 8
88
09
1 05
March 27
01
March 18
21
January 24
0.15
0.02
06
March 29
0.22
March 19
0.51
0.46
December 13.
0.20
31
April 2
04
March 21
31
0.09
2,00
02
April 3
0.01
March 22
0.02
February 8
0.07
December 16
0.71
41
"'
April 14
0.48
March 24
0.01 ,
0.27
December 18. ..
1.03
01
April 15
21
02
0.17
1.08
25
April 18 . .
0.58
March 26
0.06 <
0.14
December 20
0.19
April 19
01
Aprils
14 !
0. 75
December 22
32
1878.
April 20
0.01
April4
08
February 19 ...
0.07
0.85
Januarys
0.02
0.23
May 19
05
Aprils
60
65
January 6
0.15
Februarv 22 ...
0.17
May 20
10
05
08
January 7
0.63
February 23 ...
0.01
May 29
0.02
April 10
0.22
December 26
0.35
0.01
0.03
MaySl
0.01
April 12
0.01 1
March 1
07
December 27...
0.05
April 13
0.21
December 28...
0.14
April 18
11
01
January 14
1.24
Rain year
April 19
0.64
March 3
0.11
1878-79.
May6
0.08 i
January 16
1.27
1878.
May 13
0.03
July 9
0.01
Mavl7
0.79
January 18
0.30
July 16
0.03
May 18
0.32
January 21
0.34
September 16 . .
0.02
May 19
0.25 :
September 26 . .
0.01
May27
0.30
_
January 23
1 21
September 28..
0.07
June 9
0.04 ':
March 28
02
42
anuarj . ..
13
September 29..
0.36
Total
x> 17
March 31
16
3 06
a ^
October 13
0.21
Januarys?
1.41
67
October 14
0.84
Rain year
April 2
1.03
0.33
January 29
January OH.
1.93
0.28
0.41
November 4 ...
0.08
1879-80.
April 3
0.04
February 1
0.01
37
November 14 ..
0.46.
1879.
April 4
04
0.3
04
Decembers
0.15
July 7 ..
01
Aprils
61
49
65
December 6
0.02
September 23 . .
o.oi ;
April 8.
0.21
0.19
40
Decembers
0.03
October 6
40
April 9
57
01
51
December 9
0.08
October 11
0.30
April 12
18
37
0.24
December 30...
0.29
November 4
0.03
April 13
0.38
February 8 . .
0.04
02
December 31...
0.07
November 5
0.15
April 14
82
01
0.65
1879.
November 7
0.08
April 15
0.75
. J?phrnnry V?
0.36
1 02
January 8
0.14
November 8 .
69
April 16
13
February 13
10
0.56
January 11
0.76
November 9
0.10
April 17
0.13
1.1
59
0.40
November 11 .
0.23
\pril 19
1 37
February 16
01
February 14 . .
1.11
January 17 ..
0.04
November 12 . .
0.05
April 20...
1.59
Februarv 24 . .
0.10
52 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
KAINFALL (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) AS MEASURED BY JOHN PETTEE, JANUARY 1, 1865, TO MARCH 19, 1902 Cont'd.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Rain year
1880-81.
1881.
February 25 ...
February 26 ...
February 28 ...
March 8
0.87
0.07
0.03
0.68
0.08
0.01
0.10
0.03
0.06
0.01
0.22
0.22
0.28
0.22
0.16
0.86
O.C3
0.06
0.05
0.15
0.07
0.22
0.35
Main year
1881-82.
1882.
January 23
January 25
January 26
January 30
January 31
February 9
February 10 ...
February 11 ...
February 12 . . -
February 15 ...
February 16 ...
February 23 ...
February 24 ...
February 25 ...
February 26 ...
February 28 ...
March 1
0.41
0.39
0.05
0.24
0.02
0.50
0.22
0.01
0.31
0.02
0.25
0.59
0.01
0.51
0.14
0.02
0.04
0.81
0.40
0.02
0.57
0.53
0.54
0.28
0.07
0.21
0.09
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.32
0.43
0.50
0.01
0.12
0.01
0.07
0.08
0.01
0.15
0.03
0.03
Bain year
1881-83.
1882.
November 7 ...
November 8 ...
November 22 . .
November 25 . .
November 26 . .
November 29 . .
December 10...
December 11...
December 17
December 19...
December 22...
December 23...
December 27...
December 28...
December 31...
1883.
0.13
0.01
0.22
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.08
0.25
0.56
0.10
0.08
0.09
0.01
1.18
0.11
0.01
0.03
1.08
0.11
0.01
0.12
0.46
0.11
0.02
0.28
1.42
0.44
0.45
0.18
0.07
0.08
0.51
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.08
0.28
0.62
0.07
0.75
0.91
0.76
0.17
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.15
0.56
0.07
0.03
0.02
Main year
1883-81, .
1883.
October 25
October 2C
October 27
0.02
1.05
0/06
0.17
0.45
0.26
0.22
0.13
0.02
0.27
0.08
0.46
O.C9
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.05
0.07
0.04
0.39
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.58
0.16
0.52
0.92
0.87
0.14
0.01
0.21
0.42
0.32
0.72
0.15
0.01
1.17
1.38
0.71
0.05
0.09
0.02
0.05
0.44
0.29
1.00
1.68
0.41
0.05
0.30
0.69
0.06
0.05
0.06
0.90
0.15
0.73
0.29
0.01
1.10
1.10
Main year
1883-81, .
1884.
April 10
0.33
1.41
0.04
0.07
1.33
0.01
0.12
0.20
0.13
0.02
0.08
0.01
0.07
0.63
0.01
1.11
0.39
0.11
0.16
April 11
April 12
November 6
November 7. . .
November 8...
November 24..
December 2
Decembers
December 21...
December 22. . .
December 23...
December 24...
December 25...
December 27...
December 2i...
1884.
April 13
April 14 ...
March 11
April 15
April 23 ...
March '23
April 26
March 26
Mav 17
April 4
May 24
April 5
May 25
April 8
May 31
April 9
June 7
April 10
April 16
April 17
June 11
April 21
June 12
April 22
March 9
June 13
May 8
March 10
June 22
May 30
March 11
January 24
February 6
February 9
February 12 ...
Total ....
Main year
1881-85.
1884.
August 4
September V ...
September 30. .
October 11
October 12
October 13
October 14
29.12
March 12
June 3
March 13
0.06
0.21
0.12
0.04
0.98
0.38
0.80
0.06
0.01
0.04
0.23
0.01
0.29
0.59
0.38
0.32
1.48
0.04
0.38
2.03
0.40
0.65
0.01
0.07
0.02
0.09
0.24
0.06
0.92
0.32
0.41
0.02
0.11
0.03
0.06
0.01
0.01
March 14
January 24
January 25
January 26
January 27
January 28
Total....
Main year
1881-82.
1881.
September 21..
September 22..
October 2
27.24
March 16
February 13 ...
February 14 ...
0.18
0.05
0.12
0.03
0.26
0.11
0.11
0.18
1.05
0.28
0.08
0.05
0.35
0.10
0.23
1.11
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.16
0.28
0.06
0.51
0.26
0.07
0.45
0.01
0.05
0.09
0.16
0.07
0.06
0.22
March 17
March 18
April 2
Aprils
January 30
January 31
February 1
February 2
February 3
February 4
February 5
February 6
February 10 . . .
February 14 . . .
February 15 . . .
February 16 . . .
February 17 . . .
February 19 . . .
March 3 ... .
April 4
April 5
October 25
October 26
October 27
October 29
November 14..
November 15..
November 16..
November 27..
November 28..
November 30..
December 1
Decembers
December 4
December 5
December 6
December 9
December 10...
December 11...
December 14. . .
December 15. ..
December 23...
December 25
December 26...
December 27 ...
1882.
January 1
January 2
January 3
January 4
Januarys
januarj -22
Aprils
October 15
November 7 . . .
November 9 ...
November 14 . .
November 15 . .
December 16...
December 17...
December 18...
December 19...
December 20...
December 21...
December 22...
December 23...
December 24...
December 25
December26...
December 27. . .
December 28...
December 31. . .
1885.
January 1
January 7
January 9
January 10
January 12
January 13
January 27
January 29
February 1
February 2
February 5
April 9
April 18
April 19
April 21
April 22
April 23
April 24
Mayl
May3
JuneS
May 3
Total
Main year
1882-83. '
1882.
September 30..
15.83
May 4
0.28
0.23
0.79
0.30
0.15
0.11
0.15
0.21
0.01
0.39
0.09
0.01
0.37
1.30
2.32
Mav 6
May?
March 6
May 10
March 7
May 11
March 8
March 9
May 12
October 2
May 14.
March 10
: March 13
October 5
Mav 16
March 14
October 6
October 7
October 10
October 12
October 13
October 23
October 30
October 31
November 1
November 2 .'..
May 29
March 18
March 21
March 22
March 24
March 25
March 26
March 27
March 28
April 8
Total
Main year
1883-81,.
1883.
September 29..
October 1
October 23
October 24
19.59
0.37
0.03
0.03
0.06
April 9
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST. 53
\
RAINFALL ( INCHES AXD HUNDREDTHS) AS MEASURED BY JOHX PETTEE, JANUARY 1, 1865, TO MARCH 19, 1902 Cont'd.
Date. Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date,
Amount.
Date. Amount.
Rain year
188L-S5.
1885.
February 18 ...
February 20...
March 17
0.10
0.05
0.56
0.07
0.04
0.03
0.35
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.99
1.64
0.58
0.03
0.21
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.11
0.18
0.01
Rain year
1885-86.
1886.
January 12
January 13
January 15
January 16
January 17
January 18
January 19
January 20
January 21
January 22
January 23
January 24
January 26
February 7
February 26 ...
February 27 ...
March 2 ....
0.03
0.06
0.01
0.07
0.06
l.i'">
0.27 !
0.49
0.45
0.65
1.37
0.63
0.89
0.02
0.04
0.17
0.24 ,
0.01
0.04
0.15 :
0.24
0.35
0.01
0.48
0.20
0.14
0.44
0.17
0.11
0.50
0.09
1.05
1.14
0.02
0.41
0.15
0.16
0.22
0.40
0.03
0.13
0.13
Sain year
1886-87.
1886.
December 23...
December 28...
December 29...
1887.
0.02
0.01
0.13
0.04
0.01
0.02
0.04 *
0.53
0.38
0.28
0.01
0.03
0.14
0.07
0.58
3.53
0.59
0.20
0.10
0.06
0.28
0.86
0.24
0.71
0.03
0.04
0.30 i
0.22
0.07
0.02
0.26
0.06
0.32
0.41
0.02
0.08
0.02
0.36
1.10
0.06
0.05
0.02
0.37
0.07
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.04
Sain year
1887-8S.
1887.
September 21..
Novembers...
November 28..
November 29 . .
November 30 . .
December 1 ...
December 2 ...
Decembers ...
December 4 ...
December 7 ...
December 11 . .
December 25 . .
December 27 ..
December 28 ..
December 29 ..
December 30 . .
December 31 ..
!---
0.05
0.01
0.50
0.54
0.08
0.87
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.20
0.07
0.09
0.05
1.36
0.19
0.04
0.08
1.05
1.52
0.05
0.78
0.01
0.01
0.26 ;
1.17
0.33
0.04
0.07
0.01
0.15
0.11
0.11
0.37
0.71
0.04
0.34
0.18
0.13
0.07
0.06
0.03
1.33
0.27
0.05
1.56
0.01
0.04
0.14
0.01
0.02
0.42
0.09
0.11
0.18
0.03
0.05
0.12
0.06
0.03
0.03
0.01
Bain year
1887-SS.
1888.
June 9
0.03
0.17
0.03
0.08
June 16
March 18
June 18
March 24
Total
Sain year
1888-89.
1888.
July 21
16.94
January 13
January 14
January 15
January 18
January 19
January 20
January 24
January 26
January 31
February 1
February 3
February 4
February 5
February 7
February 8
February 9
February 10...
February 11 ...
February 12...
February 13 ...
February 14 ...
February 15 ...
February 16 ...
February 20...
February 21 ...
February 23 ...
February 24 ...
March 30
0.01
0.88
0.05
0.03
0.01
0.07
0.02
0.29
1.85
0.10
1.17
0.01
0.42
0.20
0.06
0.03
0.08
0.06
0.73
0.36
0.08
1.20
0.56
0.60
0.25
0.03
0.02
0.69
0.19
0.05
0.06
0.69
0.34
0.02
0.31
0.85
0.11
0.14
0.23
0.04
0.07
0.02
0.09
0.04
0.11
0.27
0.38
0.62
0.52
0.44
0.22
2.65
April 1
April 2
April 3
April 4
September 14 . .
September 15 . .
October 5
Aprilo
April 6
April?
October 6
Aprils
October 16
April 10
October 29
April 16
November 14 ..
November 15 . .
November 16 . .
November 17 ..
November 18 . .
November 20 ..
November 21 . .
November 22 . .
November 25 . .
November 29 . .
December 1
December 8 ...
December 9 ...
December 10 . .
December 12 . .
December 13 . .
December 14 . .
December 15 . .
December 16 . .
December 20 ..
December 21 ..
December 22 ..
December 23 ..
December 24 . .
December 25 . .
December 26 ..
December 28 ..
December 29 ..
1889.
Januarys
January 10
January 12
January 17
January 20
January 21
February 5
February 14 ...
February 15 ...
February 17 ...
February 23 ...
February 24...
April 17
March 3
April 26
March4
April2T
March 6
May 13
March 8
June 2
March 9
January 3
June 8
March 10
June 9
March 16
January 12
January 13
January 19
January 20
January 21
January 22
January 23
January 24
January 26
January 28
January 29
January 30
January 31
Februarys
February 10 ...
February 11 ...
February 12 ...
February 13 ...
February 14 ...
February 29...
March 17
Total
Rain year
1885-86.
1885.
Jnlv7
March 30
17.07
March 31
0.03
0.08
0.58
0.01
0.01
0.14
0.55
0.37
1.22
0.02
0.02
0.65
0.13
1.41
1.36
0.48
0.48
0.25
0.32
0.03
1.46
0.89
0.30
0.03
0.18
0.06
0.01
1.49
0.87
0.36
0.03
0.60
0.70
0.03
Aprill
\pril5
April 6
April 7
September 23 . .
October 13
April 9
April 10
October 29
November 1 ...
November 3 ...
November 4
November 5 ...
November 6 ...
November 7
Novembers ...
November 9 ...
November 14 . .
November 15 ..
November 16 . .
November 17 ..
November 18 . .
November 20 . .
November 21 . .
November 22 . .
November 23 . .
November 24 ..
November 28 . .
December 6
December 10. ..
December 14...
December 16. . .
December 20...
December21...
December 22...
December 23...
December 24
December 25...
December 30
April 11
April 12
April 13
April 14
April 15
April 4
April 16
May5
May6
May7
April 12
. Total
Sain year
1886-87.
1886.
July 15
28.42
April 13
0.36
0.71
0.02
0.10
0.13
0.02
0.25
0.36
0.06
0.02
o.is ;
0.48
0.54
0.02
0.89
H
April 28
March 2
April 29
March 3
May 6
March 4
May8
March 5
October 15
October 16
October 17
October 26
October 27
October 29
October 30
November 10 . .
November 11 ..
November 19 ..
i November 20 . .
December 6
December 7
Decembers
December 22...
May 9
Mav 18
March 12
Mav 19
March 13
Mav 23
March 23
Mav 29
March 30
April 3
June 12
May 2
Total....
Hutu year
1S87-8S.
1887.
September 4
September 5 ...
September 6 ...
May 3
17.04
May 14
0.01
0.13
0.07
May 24
May 29 .
Mav 30
MarchS
March 10
March 11
March 12 ..
June 6...
54 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
RAINFALL (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) AS MEASURED BY JOHN PETTEE, JANUARY 1, 1865, TO MARCH 19, 1902 Cont'd.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Rain year
1888-89.
1889.
March 13
0.53
0.02
0.90
0.08
0.45
0.67
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.13
0.04
0.31
0.01
0.03
0.18
0.06
0.19
0.07
0.15
1.18
0.23
0.38
0.12
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.13
0.01
Rain year
1889-90.
1889.
December 5 ...
December 6 ...
December 7 ...
December 8 ...
December 9 ...
December 10 . .
December 11 . .
December 12 . .
December 16 . .
December 17 . .
December 18 . .
December 19 . .
December 20 . .
December 21 . .
December 22 . .
December 23 ..
December 24 . .
December 25 . .
December 26 . .
December 27 . .
December 28 . .
December 29 . .
December 30 . .
December 31 ..
1890.
January 1
January 2
January 3
1.22
0.97
1.05
0.39
0.16
0.37
0.77
0.02
0.48
0.72
0.67
0.83
0.09
2.03
0.30
0.89
0.89
0.01
0.04
0.07
0.02
0.06
0.06
0.12
0.13
1.06
0.39
0.38
0.06
0.04
0.14
0.61
0.02
1.02
0.57
0.59
0.03
0.48
0.61
0.10
0.36
0.32
2.06
0.05
0.06
0.31
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.88
0.25
0.51
0.78
1.96
0.35
0.66
0.14
0.02
0.13
0.28
Rain year
1889-90.
1890.
March 6
0.53
0.15
0.36
0.13
0.40
1.49
0.10
0.02
0.26
0.23
0.21
0.15
0.58
0.52
0.04
0.06
0.13
0.43
0.52
0.22
0.01
0.02
Rain year
K90-91.
1891.
February 27 ...
February 28 ...
March 1
0.51
0.68
0.08
0.01
0.14
0.17
0.05
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.27
0.39
0.10
0.01
1.24
0.13
0.29
0.12
0.23
0.20
0.03
0.46
0.74
0.01
0.18
0.39
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.01
Rain year
1891-93.
1892.
January 1
January 6
January 7
January 8
January 25
January 26
January 29
January 31
February 3
February 5
February 6
February 16 ...
February 17 ...
February 18 ...
February 19 ...
February 20 ...
February 23 ...
February 29 ...
March 1-^
March 2
0.01
0.32
0.16
0.04
1.18
0.07
0.01
0.27
0.40
0.30
0.07
0.04
0.89
0.68
0.22
0.01
0.03
0.38
0.14
0.13
0.38
0.11
0.03
0.66
0.14
0.03
0.37
0.02
0.90
0.04
0.17
0.17
0.02
0.26
0.08
0.24
0.04
0.09
0.01
0.28
0.04
0.21
0.07
0.01
0.38
0.06
0.08
1.07
March 14
March 7
March 15
March 8
March 10
March 9
March 2 ...
March 17
March 17
March 3
March 19
March 18
March 5
March 26
March 22
March 9
March 27
March 24
March 10 .
April 1 . .
March 25
March 11
April 2
March 28
March 12 . .
April 3 . .
March 29
March 15
April 4
March 30
March 26 .
April 5
March 27
April 8
April 17
April 4
April 18
April 6
April 12
April 29
April 7
April 13
May 6
April 9
April 14
April 10
May 1 .
May 9
April 12
May3
May 10
April 13
May 4 .
June 16
April 15
March 14
May 5
June 22
April 16
March 15
May 6 .
Total
Rain year
1890-91.
1890.
July7
May5...
46.42
May 7
May 6
March 18
May 11
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.16
0.03
0.02
1.75
0.29
0.02
0.44
0.84
0.06
0.05
0.17
0.82
0.02
0.42
0.03
0.06-
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.01
1.81
2.39
0.48
0.04
0.78
0.52
0.24
0.08
0.34
May 26.
March 19
May 12 ....
May 27
March 22
May 13
May 29
March 26
May 14 .
MaySO
March 27
June 27
June 10
March 29
Total ....
Rain year
1889-90.
1889.
24.26
January 6
September 27..
September 28 . .
September 29..
November 21 ..
November 25 . .
December 2
Decembers
December 4
December 18...
December 29...
December 30...
December 31...
1891.
January 1
January 4 .....
January 16
January 31
February 1
February 4
February 6
February 10 ...
February 11
February 13 ...
February 14 ...
February 16 ...
February 17 ...
February 19 ...
February 21 ...
February 22 ...
February 23 ...
February 24 ...
February 26 ...
June 11
March 30
Total
Rain year
1891-92.
1891.
JulyS
0.55
0.33
0.01
2.20
0.96
0.48
1.00
0.07
0.47
0.44
0.69
0.01
0.01
0.03
1.08
0.29
0.86
0.06
0.03
0.25
0.01
0.31
0.05
0.08
0.26
0.26
1.40
Januarv 9
January 11 ..'..
January 12
January 14
January 15
January 16
January 17
January 18
January 19
January 20
January 21
January 22
January 23
January 24
January 25
January 28
January 29
February 3
February 4
February 6
February 15 ...
February 16 ...
February 17 ...
February 18 ...
February 19 ...
February 20 ...
February 21 ...
February 24 ...
February 25 ...
March 3
18.64
April 1
0.10
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.01
. 0. 09
0.01
0:63
0.07
0.17
0.00
0.25
0.01
0.32
0.03
1.15
0.40
0.01
0.48
0.55
0.10
0.57
0.02
1.68
1.12
1.00
April 2
April 14
April 16
April 20
April 21
October 17
October 19
October 20
October 21
October 22
October 24
October 25
October 26
October 27
October 29
November 16 . .
November 17 . .
November 18 . .
November 19 . .
November 20 . .
November 21 ..
November 22 . .
November 28 . .
November 29 . .
November 30 . .
December 1 ...
December 2 ...
Decembers ...
December 4 ..
September 4 ...
Septembers...
September 8 ...
September 12..
September 14..
September 21 . .
October 28
April 23
April 24
April 28
April 29
April 30
Mavl
May 4
May5...;
November 4
November 18 ..
November 29 ..
November 30 ..
December 1
Decembers
Decembers
December 9
December 16
December 19...
December 22...
December 26...
December 27...
December 28...
December 29
December 31...
May 6
May 9
May 14 .
Total....
Rain year
189H-93.
1892.
September 28..
October 5
Octobers
October 15
October 16
October 29
October 30
November '22 ..
20. 24
0.02
0.02
0.29
0.85
0.36
0.31
0.15
0.26
March 4 . .
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST. 55
RAINFALL (INCHES AND HCNDREDTHS) AS MEASURED BY JOHN PETTEE, JANUARY 1, 1865, TO MABCH 19, 1902 Cont'd.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Sain year
189t-9S.
1892.
0.23
Rain year
189S-9!,.
1893.
September 8
13
Rain year
1895-94.
1894.
March 15
0.06
Rain year
1894-95.
1895.
02
Rain year
1895-96.
1895.
18
November 25 -.
0.43
September 10
0.16
March 16 ... .
0.02
January?.
0.27
05
0.16
05
March 18
0.03
84
08
1.55
October 8
0.17
March 29 .
0.02
January 12
0.56
12
0.03
October 14
02
April 21
01
1 02
1.28
October 15 .
0.01
April 24.
0.18
January 16. . .
0.88
57
1 32
October 30
03
April 25
03
81
0.46
November 5
0.06
April 26
0.34
January 18
58
December 21
2.82
November 6 . .
0.11 i
May 13
0.30
Januarv 20
0.14
December 23
O 9
24
02
May 14.
0.18
70
0.01
November 22
0.04
May 20
0.15
.Tannery ?2
0.76
1896.
03
1 33
Mav 25
0.95
February 10
63
January 12
0.03
07
November 24
0.18
Mav 26
0.30
February 11 ..
2.35
January 13
0.75
1 43
1 58
May 30
09
February 12
17
January 14
0.18
56
1 20
May 31.. .
0.02
February 21 .
15
January 15
0.96
34
November 27
0.15
June 1
0.15
February 22 ...
0.27
January 16
0.93
01
53
June 2
07
March 12
02
January 17
2.30
November 30
01
June 3
0.17
March 16
0.02
January 18
0.04
1893.
04
17
March 17
13
January 19
1.41
January 14
0.24
January 20
0.27
27
March 19 . .
72
January 15
0.19
1 16
Total . . .
24.44
March 21
53
January 21
0.02
January 25
0.45
31
Rain year
March 26
37
January 22
0.64
January 26
0.64
December 22
0.01
1894-95.
1 March 27
73
January 24
0.77
January 27
0.82
51
1894
April 1
01
January 25
0.15
January 29
1.36
23
September 29
1 56
April 9
02
January 26
1.82
January 30
0.11
02
October 17
81
\pril 13
04
January 27
0.95
30
.Tuniiftry 31
19
39
October 18
05
April 26
73
February 2
0.04
42
October 19
40
April 27
57
February 20 ...
0.02
February 3
0.25
October 20
41
May 1
36
February 26 ...
0.05
February 4
0.66
1894.
October 22
77
May3
03
February 27 ...
0.12
0.04
January 1
0.45
February 28
05
October 23
0.03
May 4
0.04
88
Mayo
03
0.80
February 8
1.03
January 7. .
0.02
March 2 .
80
16
Mav 25
09
0.23
January- 14
1.30
MarchS
08
01
Mav 26
16
12
January 15.
0.78
March 4
01
19
May27
09
March 3
0.62
January 16
0.04
March 5
29
02
May 28
09
March 4
0.48
January 17
0.44
March 14
0.34
March 7
0.78
January 18
0.12
December 4
0.70
Total....
34.93
March 15
97
March 10
1.29
January 19
3.17
March 16
02
March 11
14
Januarv 20
1.01
December 6
0.37
Rain year
March 19
04
March 14
0.13
January 21
0.22
December 7
0.76
1895-96.
March 20
04
March 15
07
0.02
December 8
1.19
18S5.
March 21
13~
March 17
05
Januarv 28
0.04
December 9
0.40
July 4
0.01
March 22
05
March 18
0.48
January 29
0.02
December 10. ..
0.31
September 9 ...
0.11
March 23
01
March 19
72
0.67
December 11...
0.04
September 10 . .
02
March 25
13
March 20
0.31
February 5 . .
0.02
December 14
0.10
September 11 . .
0.64
March 26
26
March 23
0.17
February 6
0.05
December 15. . .
0.01
September 12 . .
0.35
March 27
01
March 29
06
0.11
December 16. . .
0.03
October 14
Q7
April 4
62
April 2
0.01
February 8
0.03
December 17. . .
0.32
October 15
0.02
April 5
1 40
Aprils
95
0.20
December 18. ..
1.58
October 20
03
Vpril 6
01
April 6
06
February 11
0.02
December 19...
0.88
November 2
0.13
April 8.
40
April 7
0.03
February 14
0.01
December 20...
1.29
November 3
0.12
April 9
0.08
April 9
16
0.74
December 21...
0.32
November 5
1 28
April 13
29
April 11
0.06
February 17
0.25
December 22...
0.06
November 12 . .
0.01
April 14...
01
April 1
20
February 18
0.14
December 26...
0.29
November 26
23
06
April 22
03
February 19
1.36
December 27...
0.37
November 27
0.04
April 18.
04
May"
0.01
February 20 . . .
0.02
December 28.. .
0.19
November 28 . .
0.19
April 21
0.26
Mav 14
01
0.01
December 29...
0.20
November 29
02
April 22
14
MavlS
0.04
March 1
0.39
December 30. . .
0.45
November 30
0.01
April 23. .
3.18
May 16
18
March 2
07
1895
02
April 24
33
June -'!
0.03
March 5
0.26
January 3
2.07
December 4
0.03
April 25
0.24
March 7
0.03
1 54
26
April 28
04
Total
27.15
March 8 ..
0.03
Januarv 5. . .
0.20
Dt-oembere. ..
0.02
April 29. . .
0.05
50 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
RAINFALL (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) AS MEASURED BY JOHN PETTEE, JANUARY 1, 1865, TO MARCH 19, 1902 Cont'd.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Bam year
1895-96.
1896.
April 30
0.02
0.02
0.15
0.03
0.01
0.52
0.20
0.31
0.04
Rain year
1896-97.
1897.
February 4
February 5
February 6
February 7
February 11 . . .
February 12 . . .
February 14 ...
February 15
February 16 . . .
February 17 ...
February 18 ...
February 19 ...
February 28 ...
March 1 . .
1.36
0.22
0.08
0.43
0.07
0.23
0.01
0.04
0.08
0.11
0.47
0.26
0.45
0.63
0.99
0.17
0.74
1.08
0.13
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.04
0.05
0.02
2.13
0.02
0.43
0.07
0.04
0.02
0.70
0.01
0.28
0.02
Rain year
1897-98.
1898.
January 5
January 6
January 8
January 11
January 15
January 16
January 18
January 21
January 31
February 2
February 5
February 6
February 11 ...
February 20 . . .
February 23 ...
February 24 ...
February 25 ...
February 26 ...
February 27 ...
March 7
0.19
0.25
0.07
0.40
0.27
0.14
0.03
0.08
0.36
0.07
0.29
0.24
0.01
0.73
0.67
0.61
0.02
0.01
0.31
0.18
0.08
0.42
0.03
0.22
0.05
0.01
1.54
0.15
0.15
0.02
0.10
0.35
0.06
0.01
Rain year
1898-99.
1899.
January 1
1.08
0.12
0.94
0.06
1.25
0.67
0.25
0.78
0.39
0.06
0.01
0.03
0.14
0.02
0.49
0.25
0.03
0.07
0.01
0.01
0.06
1.32
1.43
0.15
0.05
0.79
0.14
1.01
2.29
2.03
0.41
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.89
0.13
0.03
0.06
0.03
0.24
0.15
0.03
0.08
0.%
0.01
May 1 ...
May 3
January 6
May 4
May 6
January 9
January 10
January 11
January 13
January 14
January 15
January 16
January 31
February 1
February 2
February 28 ...
March 1
May 10
May 20 . .
May 21
Mav28
Total ....
Rain year
1896-97.
1896.
July 10
29.36
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.06
0.06
0.03
0.02
0.49
0.03
0.02
1.74
0.05
0.05
0.63
0.28
0.30
0.02
0.56
0.01
0.56
0.32
3.20
0.06
0.28
0.18
0.08
1.49
0.72
0.02
0.03
0.24
1.22
0.15
0.11
0.57
0.44
0.04
0.08
0.24
1.20
0.05
0.65
1.85
0.11
0.08
1.07
March 2
March 4 .
March 5
March 2 ...
August 29
March 6
March 8
September 18 . .
September 19..
September 20..
September 21 . .
October 10
October 25
October 26
October 29
October 31
November 8 ...
November 9 ...
November 16 . .
November 17 . .
November 19 . .
November 20..
November 21 . .
November 22 . .
November 23 . .
November 24 . .
December 11 ...
December 12
December 13. . .
December 14. ..
December 15...
December 16...
December 23...
December 25...
December 26...
December 27
December 28...
December 29...
December 30...
1897.
January 16
January 23
January 27
January 28
January 29
January 30
January 31
February 1
February 2
February 3 ....
March 7 .
March 10
March 8
March 11
March 16
March 14
March 13
March 17
March 16
March 14
March 18
March 21
March 15
March 19
April 5
March 16
March 25
May 12
March 18
March 27
Mav 13
March 19
March 28
May 14
March 20
March 31
May 15
March 21
May 21
March 22
April 18
May 26
March 23
May 13
May 27
March 24
May 16
May 31
March 28
June 14
June 8
April 17
June 19
April 22
June 20
Total....
Rain year
1898-99.
1898.
April 23
13.67
Total
Rain year
1897-98.
1897.
September 2 ...
September 30 . .
31.01
0.11
O.C5
0.15
0.72
0.32
0. 25
0.02
0.03
0.38
0.15
0.05
0.45
0.17
0.07
0.13
0. 15
0.57
0.15
0.78
0. 0(1
0.31
0.03
0.02
0.08
0.01
0.02
0.29
1.67
0.44
0.25
0.03
0.02
0.15
0.03
0.51
0.13
0.07
0.03
1.40
0.02
0.10
0.07
0.21
April 26
April 27.
April 30
Mav 23
September 21 . .
September 24 . .
September 25 . .
October 1
Mav 24
Mav 30
October 12
October 21
October 22
October 23
November 4
November 6 ...
November 13 . .
November 19 . .
November 20 . .
November 22 . .
November 23 . .
November 24 ..
December 6....
December 7....
Decembers
December 10. . .
December 11...
December 13...
May 31
June 24
Total ....
Rain year
1899-1900.
1899.
October 1 to 31.
November 3 ...
November 8 ...
November 9 ...
November 10 . .
November 11 ..
November 15 . .
November 16 . .
November 18 . .
November 20 . .
November 21 . .
24.12
October 6
October 7
4.57
0.14
0.30
0.50
0.39
0.40
0.33
0.34
0.19
0.85
0.71
October 2J
October 30
November 18 . .
November 19 . .
November 21 . .
November 28 . .
November 29 . .
December 13...
December 14...
December 18...
December 19. . .
December 20...
December 29...
Date.
Amount.
Rain year
1899-1900.
1899.
November 25 . .
November 27 ..
November 28 . .
November 29 . .
December 4
December"
December 10. ..
December 11...
December 13. ..
December 14...
December 15. . .
December 16...
December 29...
December 31 ...
1900.
January 1
January 2
0.01
0.03
0.25
0.01
0.09
0.28
0.13
0.19
0.22
1.83
0.53
0.28
1.01
0.04
1.51
2 37
January 3
January 4
January 5
January 6
January 7
January 28
February 1
February 3
February 17 ...
February 18 ...
February 19 ...
February 20 ...
February 25 ...
March 2 .
0.01
0.26
0.01
0.67
0.11
0.28
0.09
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.62
0.23
0.02
25
March 3
1 46
March 4
06
March 5
0.05
March 6
44
March 7
83
March 8
0.18
March 17 . .
0.01
March 18
0.02
April 1...
0.60
April 2
0.21
April 6
0.03
April 10
0.07
April 11..
0.50
April 19
0.36
April 20 .
0.01
April 30
0.01
MayS
0. 05
May 4
05
May 9
0.22
May 10
0.01
June 10
0.04
0.02
Total
25. 37
Rain year
1900-1901.
1900.
August 13
August 15
September 4...
O.CK
0.01
0.02
CLIMATE OF NOBTH AND CENTRAL COAST. 57
RAINFALL (INCHES AND HUSDREDTHS) AS MEASURED BY JOHN PETTEE, JANUARY 1, 1865, TO MARCH 19, 1902 Cont'd.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Rain year
1900-1901.
1900.
September 11 ..
0.63
Rain year
1900-1901.
1901.
January 1
0.06
Rain year
1900-1901.
1901.
March 24
0.03
Rain year
1901-t.
1901.
1 20
Ram year
1901-t.
1902.
04
September 14 . .
0.01
January 2
0.01
March 25
07
08
48
October 1
0.01
Januarys
0.36
April 1
0.11
22
1 06
October 2 . ...
0.51
January 4
1 26
April 2
18
09
28
October 4
0.44
Januarys
0.09
Aprils
10
16
February 10
02
October 11
0.04
January 6
1 80
April 28
1 40
01
48
October 18
0.14
January 7
0.04
April 29
75
1 gg
32
October 19.
0.51
02
April 30
34
14
1 58
October 27
0.21
January 10
0.44
May 17
0.03
November 24 ..
0.01
February 15
08
October 30
0.29
January 11
o.ao
Mav 20
73
01
20
October 31
0.03
January 19
0.10
May22
0.01
November 27
10
February 19
18
November 7
0.16
January 20
0.45
May 25
18
62
46
November 15 . .
0.98
January 21
1.12
May 26..
02
December 1
33
February 21
1 73
November 16 . .
1.03
15
January 25
0.01
01
Total....
27.14
December 2
0.12
February 22
0.11
November 18 . .
November 19 . .
0.01
0.32
2 08
Februarys
February 4
0.61
0.97
0.23
Rain year
1901-t.
1901
December 5
December 9
0.56
0.02
February 24
February 25
Februarv26
0.95
0.54
0.45
November 21 . .
0.11
Februarys
0.06
September 22 . .
0.69
January 1
18
February 27
0.01
March 1 .
1 29
November 24 . .
0.02
February 13
0,22
September 23 . .
0.07
January 15
0.02
March 2
05
November 25 . .
0.11
February 16
0.10
September 25 . .
0.03
January 18
0.30
March 5
1 07
September 29
0.06
January 20
0.10
March 6
04
September 30
02
January 21
64
March 7
0.47
October 1 .
0.01
January 23
0.51
December 14...
0.41
February 20
0.08
March 8
54
October 2
0.04
January 24
03
0.17
February 22
1 64
March 13
0.01
October 23
0.01
January 30
0.07
March 18
22
October 25
0.06
February 1
0.22
December 19
0.03
March 9
0.53
79
December 20. . .
0.33
March 10
0.50
October 27
12
18
Mar 19
24 05
RECAPITULATION.
1865-66
23.57
1873-74
24.55
1881-82
15.83
1889-90.
46 42
1897-98
13 67
1866-67. .
35.94
1874-75
18 15
1882-83
19 59
1890-91
18 64
1898-99
24 12
1867-68
40.62
1875-76
. ..
1883-84
29.12
1891-92
20 24
1899-1900
25 37
1868-69
20 56
1876-77
9 96
1884-85
17 07
1892 93
27 15
1900-1901
1869-70
20.22
1877-78 .
32.81
1885-86
28.42
1893-94
24 44
1901 2 to Mar
1S70-71
13.10
1878-79
22.17
1886-87
17.04
1894-95
34 93
19
04 05
1871 72
28.91
1879-80
23 62
1887-88
16 94
1895-96
29 36
1872-73
19.54
1880-81
27.24
1888-89
24.26
1896-97
31 01
1
'
CLIMATE OF SOUTHERN COAST.
SAN LUIS OBISPO.
Data by Mr. JOHN R. WILLIAMS, Observer, U. S. Weather Bureau.
San Luis Obispo is situated in latitude 35 18' north, longitude 120 39' west. It is distant
from Port Harford, or the Pacific Ocean, about 10 miles. A range of low hills intervenes between
the coast and the city. The average elevation of the San Luis Range to the west is about 1,000
feet. The San Luis Valley southwest of the city has a general elevation of less than 150 feet.
Direct!}- west of the city, at a distance of about 1 mile, is a large hill (Cerro San Luis Obispo),
elevation 1,292 feet. East of the city are the foothills of the Santa Lucia Range, varying in ele-
vation from 1,700 feet 2 miles east of the city to 2.830 feet 5 miles east. The general elevation
of the city is about 200 feet above sea level. The elevation of the Weather Bureau office is 201
feet.
Owing to the topograph\ r , the range of temperature is large. Daily ranges of 40 or more
are not infrequent. The lowest temperature" recorded is 24 and the highest 106. The mean
annual temperature is 58.9. The mean annual rainfall, based upon Weather Bureau records
covering a period of six years, is 17.22 inches.
The following table, showing the seasonal rainfall at San Luis Obispo for the past twenty-
eight years, is taken from the pamphlet ''On the climate and wealth of San Luis Obispo
County,'' by Myron Angel:
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
Season of
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.'
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
April.
May.
June.
July.
Total.
1869-70
0.84
66
0.78
0.71
4.85
74
2 40
85
11 83
1870-71
0.68
0.38
2.90
1.51
4.43
2.79
0.28
12 97
1871 T>
2 40
13 93
5 16
3.45
71
1 37
27 02
1872-73
6.00
5.00
1.79
12 79
1873-74 . .
7.%
4.29
4.04
3.23
1.00
20 52
1874-75
4.28
2.05
0.48
12 10
0.28
50
19 69
1875-76
6.20
2.20
9.87
5.29
5.30
1.26
30 12
1876-77
1 16
4 83
42
1 74
8 15
1877-78
1.42
3.90
7.88
11.91
2.74
2.75
30 60
1878-79
1.50
2.58
1.78
2.15
1.60
1.80
0.25
11 66
1879-80
75
1 40
3.03
1 75
7.23
2 36
8 78
0.52
25 82
1880-81
0.48
13.35
4 71
1.90
1.40
1.85
23 69
1881-82.
0.40
1.65
0.25
2.00
0.85
3.40
6.75
1.73
17.03
1882-83
0.69
2.95
0.44
1 50
1.60
4.88
1.10
3.85
17 01
1883-84
3.56
10.57
10.21
12.41
3.39
2.26
42.40
1884-85
2 17
13
8 85
2 25
94
3.15
0.10
17 59
1885-86
0.04
12.90
3.67
5.78
0.79
2.37
3.75
29 30
1866-87
25
1 25
1 06
1 10
9 60
1 29
1 56
36
07
02
16 56
1887-88
2.05
0.25
1.40
3.15
7.02
0.28
3.84
0.14
0.16
0.04
18.33
UDB-80
4 48
3 36
1 50
2 08
7 51
61
19 54
1889-90
9.19
2 46
11 37
7 27
4.67
3.07
0.29
0.41
38 33
1890-91.
0.82
0.42
6.94
0.88
7.14
1.97
1.96
0.13
0.15
19.51
1891 92
27
20
5 15
70
2 88
4.25
60
2.23
05
16 33
1892-93
0.15
2.76
6.57
4.02
6.35
9.33
1.14
0.08
30.40
1893-94
0.03
0.82
0.45
1.64
1.83
2.31
0.79
0.41
1.32
0.21
0.05
9.86
1894-95
1.81
1.71
0.35
5.45
8.02
1.92
2.93
0.67
0.47
23.33
1895-96
T.
T.
1.80
1.56
0.68
8.23
3.16
2.22
0.10
T.
0.01
17.79
1896-97
20
T
1.44
3 02
3 04
5.22
4 40
3 17
0.18
20.67
a On January 2, 1901, a minimum temperature of 22 F. occurred.
Rainfall in twenty-eight years, 589.24 inches; average in twenty-eight years, 21.04 inches.
59
60
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION, IN INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS Continued.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1895
8.05
1.82
2,- 14
0.67
0.47
0.00
0.00
T.
T.
1.80
1.56
0.68
17.49
18%
8.23
0.00
8.16
2.22
0.10
T.
0.04
0.20
T.
1.44
3.02
3.04
21.45
1897
5.22
4.40
3.17
0.18
0.04
T.
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.79
0.07
0.65
14.59
1898
1.37
2.20
0.91
0.06
1.04
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.39
0.08
0.64
6.93
1899
5.56
0.28
7.62
1.54
0.10
0.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.92
1.94
4.51
26.39
1900
2.13
0.16
2.18
0.98
1.38
0.01
T.
T.
T.
1.93
8.01
0.26
17.04
5.09
1.48
P.26
0.94
0.52
0.16
T.
0.03
0.04
1.71
2.45
1.63
17.32
WIND VELOCITY (MILES PER HOUR) AND DIRECTION.
Veloc-
ity.
Direc-
tion.
Date.
Average
hourly.
Average
direc-
tion.
Veloc-
ity.
Direc-
tion.
Date.
Average
hourly.
Average
direc-
tion.
33
NW
16 1895
5.1
N.
August
21
W.
14, 1899
4.4
W.
28
g
4 1898
5 3
N
September
22
N.
3, 1899
4.6
W.
March
28
SE
3 1896
5.6
W.
October
24
N.
13, 1898
4.5
N.
30
s
24 18%
6.1
W.
November
28
N.
30,1899
4.7
N.
May
28
w
1 1897
6.3
W.
December
27
N.
1,1900
5.0
N.
June
26
w.
4,1896
5.0
w.
. .
July . .
21
N.
8,1899
4.4
w.
January.
SNOWFALL.
The only snowfall at the station, one-half inch, occurred March 3, 1896.
MEAN MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE (FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1895
49.7
54.5
52.4
55.6
58.8
63.6
65.6
65.6
64.6
62.7
56.6
52.7
58.5
1896
54 1
56.2
56.2
51.4
58.2
63.8
67.6
66.5
64.3
62.2
56.8
54.5
59.3
1897
51.8
51.6
50.6
59.6
61.2
62.8
65.5
65.4
64.1
59.2
56.6
51.0
58.3
1898
47.6
56.3
52.9
59.7
56.6
63.4
64.5
65.6
64.8
64.6
57.6
53.1
58.9
1899 . . . . .
54 2
54.4
54.0
56.4
54.0
62.4
64.4
64.0
65.5
69.6
57.4
54.3
58.4
1900
56 2
56 2
58.2
54.2
61.6
63.9
64.2
64.9
64.4
62.8
59.8
55.6
60 2
52 3
54 9
54
56.2
58.4
63.3
65.3
65.4'
64.8
61.8
57.5
;,- <i
58.9
CLIMATE OF SOUTHERN COAST.
MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURES (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
61
Month.
Absolute maxi-
mum.
Absolute mini-
mum.
Greatest
daily
range.
Means of
three con-
secutive
wannest
days.
Means of
three con-
secutive
coldest
days.
Date.
Temper
ture.
Date.
Tempera-
ture.
1899
1899
1899
1898
1896
1896
1896
1900
1898
1896
1898
1900
81
86
89
97
98
99
99
106
100
98
94
84
1899
1899
1898
1899
' 1899
1895
1895
1895
1898
1898
1895
1897
29
25
28
32
34
37
44
44
41
38
28
24
50
45
47
53
42
47
45
44
56
52
51
49
64.7
67.7
68.0
72.3
72.7
76.3
72.3
77.0
75.0
77.0
70.0
63.3
41.0
40.7
41.7
44.7
47.7
55.0
0.3
59.3
68.0
52.7
46.3
41.3
February
March
April
May ..
Julv
September
October . ...
Annual
1900
106
1897
24
56
77.0
40.7
WEATHER.
Month.
Average number of days
Month.
Average number of days-
Clear.
Partly
cloudy.
Cloudy.
Rainy.
Clear ? art j y
cloudy.
Cloudy.
Rainy.
January
12
16
14
17
16
19
21
9
8
8
8
9
9
-
10
5
8
6
ft
1
9
5
8
4
4
1
August .
16 ' 12
17 8
18 8
17 8
20 6
3
3
5
6
5
5
;
October
\pril
May
July...
Annual
203 102
60
45
62
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFOKNIA.
ANNUAL METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR THE YEARS 1899 AND 1900."
[A=3518'N.; if = 120 39' W.; gravity corr., - 0.03.]
Date.
Pressure.
Temperature.
Moisture.
Monthly mean.
Extremes.
Mean.
Extremes.
Dew-
point.
Relative
humid-
ity.
Vapor
pressure.
Precipitation.
Cloudiness.
Maximum.
Minimum.
a
d
00
a
0.
00
Maximum.
Minimum.
Monthly.
Maximum.
Minimum.
e
a
00
a
d,
00
42
39
44
48
48
52
52
62
53
49
52
44
2
a
00
a
p.
00
Pet.
54
49
65
64
68
69
52
59
68
60
73
69
a
oi
00
a
&
00
I
Maximum in
24 hours.
a
'
00
a
d
oo
i
>.
Q
3.5
2.5
5.1
4.0
3.7
3.4
3.1
3.8
2.8
3.2
5.8
3.6
1899.
January .
February
In.
29.92
29.91
29.86
29.80
29.82
29.73
29.72
29.73
29.75
29.78
29.83
29.89
In.
30. 16
30.25
30.04
29.98
29.94
29.90
29.86
29.80
29.88
30.02
30.00
30.18
In.
29.46
29.61
29.56
29.65
29.72
29.56
29.62
29.64
29.64
29.41
29.55
29.70
47.9
47.8
48.1
48.5
45.3
62.3
53.6
54.3
53.0
50.0
51.0
47.9
59.8
60.0
57.2
60.6
58.3
68.3
71.1
67.3
68.7
63.8
60.3
59.2
66.4
67.6
63.9
69.1
65.8
75.0
77.8
75.4
80.8
71.9
67.3
65.7
43.0
41.1
44.0
43.6
42.2
49.9
50.9
52.7
60.2
47.3
47.5
42.9
3
64.2
54.4
54.0
56.4
54.0
62.4
64.4
64.0
65.5
69.6
57.4
54.3
o
81
86
89
86
75
90
92
88
99
96
77
80
o
29
25
35
32
34
42
46
47
44
40
37
33
o
38
33
41
42
41
49
48
49
48
45
46
38
Pet.
72
60
77
80
86
88
86
84
86
83
83
71
In.
0.238
0.189
0.262
0.269
0.263
0.344
0.341
0.356
0.342
0.298
0.314
0.231
In.
0.270
0.241
0.295
0.335
0.332
0.397
0-.388
0.391
0.400
0.360
0.386
0.291
In.
6.66
0.28
7.62
1.54
0.10
0.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.92
1.94
4.51
In.
2.30
0.27
2.16
1.38
0.10
0.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.36
0.88
2.56
2.0
1.0
3.9
1.9
2.6
3.2
8.4
6.9
4.2
2.1
3.5
2.1
3.6
1.7
5.0
3.1
2.8
1.1
0.5
1.3
1.0
2.0
5.4
3.7
April
May
July
September
November
December
Year
1900.
29.81
30. 25
29.41
50.0
62.9
70.5
46.3
58.4
99
25 43
48
80
60
0.287
0.340
26.39
2.56
3.5
2.6
3.7
29.88
29.88
29.79
29.79
29.76
29.73
29.68
29.76
29.73
29.78
29.82
29.93
30.06
30.08
30.04
29.95
29.98
29.88
29.87
29.95
29.90
30.02
30.01
30.05
29.65
29.54
29.61
29.58
29.58
29.58
29.55
29.62
29.50
29.56
29.52
29.79
49.1
46.8
50.^3
45*8
53.7
54.8
53.2
57.0
56.5
55.6
49.7
47.7
61.2
60.9
61.4
58.3
64.9
68.1
70.4
68.2
69.2
64.9
64.1
60.6
66.5
69.0
69.4
64.7
74.6
76.5
77.0
75.4
78.0
74.5
73.2
67.5
46.0
43.5
46.9
43.6
48.7
51.3
51.3
54.4
50.8
51.1
46.4
43.6
56.2
56.2
58.2
54.2
61.6
63.9
64.2
64.9
64.4
62.8
59.8
65.6
80
80
84
80
88
93
93
106
94
96
92
84
36
34
37
34
42
45
46
49
41
43
38
31
43
39
44
41
46
49
50
52
46
46
43
38
48
45
49
45
49
52
53
53
49
50
48
42
80
75
80
84
75
82
87
85
70
74
79
71
78
65
58
66
61
68
57
55
60
52
62
60
54
59
0.280
0.240
0.292
0.261
0.301
0.347
0.356
0.391
0.308
0.323
0.288
0.232
0.343
0.303
0.355
0.301
0.347
0.387
0.402
0.404
0.359
0.374
0.341
0.280
2.13
0.16
2.18
0.98
1.38
0.01
T.
T.
T.
1.93
8.01
0. 26
1.82
0.16
2.00
0.54
0.92
0.01
T.
T.
T.
0.62
4.18
0.26
3.5
1.6
3.7
4.7
3.3
4.7
6.9
7.2
3.1
3.7
3.0
1.0
4.2
2.8
3.9
3.5
2.6
2.6
1.0
1.8
1.4
2.8
4.0
2.8
4.9
3.2
4.9
4.5
3.0
3.9
3.9
5.1
3.0
3.9
4.4
3.1
February
April
May
July .
August
September
October
November
December
Year ....
29.79
30.08
29.50
51.7
64.4
72.2
48.1
60.2
106
31
45
49
0.302
0.350
17.04
4.18
3.9
2.8
4.0
" From observations at 8 a. m. and 8 p. m. 75th meridian time. Local mean time 3 h. 3 m . slow.
CLIMATE OF 8OUTHEBN COAST.
63
ANNUAL METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY FOB THE YEARS 1899 AND 1900.
[H = 201ft.; h, = l
Date.
Wind.
Number of days.
By self-registers.
Number of winds, 8 a. m. and 8 p. m.
i
6
Partly cloudy.
X
c
3
S
O
Precipi-
tation.
1
CO
i
1
Maxi-
mum
temp.
Minimum temperature be-
low 82.
Elec-
tricity.
Average hourly vo-
loclty.
Prevailing direc-
tion.
>.
1
*
f
a
3
S
s
Jfi.
32
22
26
25
22
20
21
21
22
16
28
22
Direction at time of
maximum velocity.
Number of days
with gales.
A
o
.c
X
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
4
Southeast,
|
1
Southwest.
I
Northwest.
a
*
O
0.01 inch and over.
0.04 inch and over.
ti
5
M
Above 90
Thunderstorms.
I
<
a
a
a
a
1899.
.'/..
6.1
6.0
6.6
5.5
5.7
4.8
4.6
4.9
4.4
4.2
4.2
4.9
Miki.
N.
ST.
N.
N.
W.
W.
N.
W.
N.
N.
N.
N.
W.
N.
W.
W.
N.
W.
N.
W.
N.
S.
29
28
22
19
20
6
23
11
25
25
26
31
2
5
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
14
3
14
8
2
8
13
8
7
13
12
6
1
1
1
1
1
8
14
16
17
28
25
15
33
15
12
11
12
6
6
4
10
6
13
7
5
8
4
7
6
1
2
3
1
1
2
2
4
1
18
21
13
15
19
19
24
15
22
18
7
17
4
6
5
12
8
8
7
12
7
10
11
6
9
1
13
3
4
3
4
1
12
Q
7
2
10
3
1
1
o
7
9
7
7
1
9
3
1
1
7
8
6
1
1
2
2
2
6
10
6
2
4
2
Q
o
o
1
2
4
3
3
3
o
o
o
P
March
April
May
June
July
September
October
November
Year....
1900.
5.2
N.
32
SE.
265 9 20 18 ,108 5 206 82 17 -J08 95 62
47 43
1
37
10
6
-
1
1
1
a
__.
a
1
1
5.0
5.6
4.9
5.7
6.1
5.1
4.5
5.2
5.1
5.1
4.5
5.1
N.
N.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
H.
X.
22
25
24
28
20
20
16
20
22
23
28
27
N.
W.
W.
W.
W.
X.
W.
S.
W.
N.
S.
N.
32
27
18
11
22
16
11
5
16
17
34
40
o
2 3
4
3 1
4
1
1 1
3 1
3
3 1
4 1
9
1
12
8
.9
il
13
15
4
15
11
1
1
1
1
1
10
15
23
31
27
24
28
35
26
20
9
13
2
6
4
2
2
4
6
2
3
4
3
8
4
2
1
4
2
1
6
1
3
1
11
18
13
15
20
15
15
8
18
18
14
20
11
9
7
6
5
9
12
15
8
4
9
7
9
1
11
1
6
6
4
8
4
9
7
4
4
2
5
6
: 4
i
7
6
1
4
1
4
5
A
o
o
o
7
6
1
3
3
5
1
1
5
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
2
5
2
1
o
o
o
1
February
March
April. .
Mav
July
August
September
October
November
December.
Year ....
5.2 W.
28
S.
249
28 8
108
5
261
46
25
185
102
78
36 32
29
12
130
64 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFOENIA.
SANTA BARBARA.
Santa Barbara is situated in latitude 34 23' north and longitude 119 40' west. In con-
sidering the entire coast line of California from Point St. George to San Diego one is struck by
several marked changes of direction. The most noticeable bend occurs at Point Arguello, where
the coast runs nearly due east to Santa Barbara and there bends southeast again with a short
stretch running east and west between Point Dume and Santa Monica. Santa Barbara occupies
a central position on that part of the coast of California which distinctively faces southward.
Santa Barbara Channel, with a depth of water varying from 25 to 365 fathoms, lies between the
mainland and San Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Anacapa Island.
The Santa Ynez Mountains traverse this section of California running east and west, and embrace
a number of valleys, the Santa Maria, Lompoc, Los Alamos, and Santa Ynez in the north and
the Santa Barbara in the south. The city itself lies encircled by foothills except to the south,
where it fronts the sea. Because of these topographical features the climatic conditions approach
the ideal.
'For many years temperature and rainfall records were maintained by the late Mr. Hugh.D.
Vail. At the request of the Santa Barbara Chamber of Commerce, Dr. C. Max Richter has
carefully gone over these records and compiled the following data, covering a period of fifteen
years for Santa Barbara. The records for a period of three years maintained at his own station-
Pine Crest, Santa Barbara foothills are also given. To illustrate the differences in rainfall
existing within short distances where topographical conditions are so varied as they are here,
Dr. Richter calls attention to the rainfall at Santa Barbara during the month of October, 1901.
2.42 inches of rain fell on October 26, while at Pine Crest, 2 miles away, 2.86 inches fell on the
26th, 0.66 of an inch on the 27th, and 0.03 inch on the 28th. The rainfall at the upper station,
elevation 850 feet, exceeded that at the lower station, elevation 100 feet, in the ratio of 3 to 2.
The highest temperature recorded at Santa Barbara is 107 and the lowest 28.5. The tem-
peratures of winter and spring months approximate 56: summer and fall months 63. The
annual mean temperature is about 60.
CLIMATE OF SOUTHERN COAST.
THE CLIMATE OF SANTA BARBARA.
[By Dr. C. M. Richter.]
65
Temperature.
Mean-
Least daily range.
Absolute-
Mean of three consecutive
highest maxima.
Mean of throe consecutive
lowest minima.
Mean number of days
Months.
2
1
i S
Maximum.
Minimum.
Warmest day.
Coldest day.
Three consecutive
wannest days.
Three consecutive
coldest days.
Daily range.
Greatest daily range.
Maximum.
Minimum.
With 80 or above.
With 80 to 99.5.
With 90 to 99.5.
With 100 or above.
With 32 or below.
62.4
64.4
64.1
67.0
67 ; 6
71.*0
72.8
75.9
75.0
72.4
69.6
65.1
68.9
64.0
66.2
73.2
72.3
43.4
45.2
46.4
48.8
51.1
54.1
57.2
58.4
57.1
53.4
48.7
46.1
52.1
44.9
56.6
53.1
73.5
73.0
69.5
74.5
79.8
79.0
84.0
83.3
78.8
77.0
73.0
69.0
84.0
69.8
75.0
83.8
63.5
41.0
40.5
42.5
47.0
51.5
55.0
59.5
60.0
56.7
51.7
47.5
43.5
40.5
40.5
42.5
55.0
47.5
66.4
68.7
67.3
71.8
75.8
75.7
77.4
80.1
76.9
79.4
72.1
67.3
80.1
68.7
75.8
80.1
n i
42.4
43.7
44.0
48.3
47.0
56.0
60.8
60.1
59.0
55.5
50.0
46.6
42.4
42.4
44.0
56.0
50.0
18.3
18.0
17.1
17.9
16.4
17.0
16.9
17.1
18.5
18.7
19.7
19.0
17.2
18.5
17.1
17.0
19.1
35.5
36.0
37.0
41.0
40.0
39.0
46.0
32.0
49.0
40.0
39.0
36.0
49.0
36.0
41.0
46.0
49.0
0.6
1.0
2.0
1.0
4.0
4.5
3.5
5.0
4.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
0.6
0.6
1.0
3.5
1.0
85.0
85.5
86.0
95.0
98.0
95.0
107.0
98.0
103.5
96.5
91.0
84.0
107.0
85.5
98.0
107.0
103.5
28.5
29.0
34.0
36.5
40.0
44.0
49.0
50.0
48.0
42.0
37.5
32.0
28.5
28.5
34.0
44.0
37.5
79.0
83.0
82.3
90.0
92.1
92.0
92.1
95.0
96.0
91.4
89.0
82.7
95.0
83.0
92.1
95.0
91.4
30.0
34.0
35.3
37.8
42.6
46.6
50.7
52.3
61.2
43.6
38.8
34.0
30.0
30.0
35.3
46.6
38.8
0.1
1.0
0.6
1.7
1.4
2.1
3.3
5.2
3.7
2.7
1.0
0.1
1.0
0.6
1.7
1.4
2.1
3.3
5.9
8.2
3.7
2.7
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.5
8.0
4.0
8.0
10.0
9.0
2.0
0.0
52.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
5.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
7.0
March 55.3
April 57.9
May 59 4
June 62. 6
July 65.5
August 66.9
September ( 66.1
October 62. 6
November 59. 1
December , 55. 6
A nnual -W- 9
Winter 54,4
11.0
20
Fall 62.6
21.0
Temperature Continued.
Mean relative humidity.
Wind.
t
1
"o
>>
3
.25
3
>
a
1
I
1
S
8
1
X
Mean number of days
ut maxima.
lute minima.
Mean nunilior days with highest
absolute minimum (10 or above.
Number of days with frost.
Mean number of days
Mean direction of.
Greatest movement In one day.
Average velocity per hour.
Months.
I
ft
1
E
gj
im 40 to 49.5.
urn 70 to 79.5.
1
5
Partly cloudy.
X
c
i
Precipitation.
1
s
- \\ I
6.0
3.6
2.9
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
2.6
15 6
20.0
19.0
16.0
17.0
10.6
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.2
5.2
16.9
20.4
4.2
5.0
5.0
7.0
6.5
13.0
22.0
21.6
20.0
13.5
10.2
5.4
48.0
50.0
i-
57.5
60.0
65.0
64.0
62.0
60.0
55.0
52.0
48.0
62.0
64.0
58.0
66.0
66.0
66.0
66.0
68.5
67.0
64.0
60.0
62.0
68.5
64.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
98.0
65.0
27.0
2.0
0.0
ao
0.0
0.0
ao
0.0
4.0
5.6
19.8
17.6
17.8
20.7
15.5
20.3
23.6
22.5
21.2
19.6
22.0
20.0
241.0
3.7
3.7
4.5
3.1
5.0
5.0
5.4
6.1
5.3
6.0
3.1
3.0
56.0
8.2
7.7
8.6
6.1
9.6
4.5
1.9
2.3
3.4
5.3
5.1
7.1
67.7
4.9
5.1
5.3
2.6
2.3
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.9
2.4
2.5
5.6
32.5
67.1
69.2
70.0
71.0
73.1
71 5
75.9
74.6
71 -
72.1
66.0
65.1
71.0
67.1
71.4
75.0
71.0
W.
W.
w.
w.
w.
E.
E.W.
W.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
w.
E.W.
W.
363
386
402
306
337
330
196
152
258
240
355
280
402
386
402
331
258
3.4
4.0
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.7
4.3
4.0
3.7
3.4
3.2
3.6
4.0
.2.3
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.2
2.1
1.9
1.7
2.1
2.6
2.5
2.3
2.3
3.74
3.32
2.27
1.23
0.37
0.09
0.02
T.
0.13
0.75
1.59
3.74
17.19
February 4. 7
March 3. 5
\pril . 0. 6
May 0.0
June 0.
1.2
6.0
9.0
6.0
2.0
0.2
0.0
July. 0.0
\ugust 0.
October 0.
December 4.
\nnual
Winter
66
68.5
Fall
67
i
1176 Bull. L 03-
66
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION. (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS. )
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Bee.
Annual.
1868
3.97
2.00
1.08
2.44
0.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.25
4.26
15.72
1869
3.26
2.12
4.22
0.46
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.65
0.57
11.78
1870
0.25
5.87
0.83
0.99
0.74
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.04
0.27
1.41
11.47
1871
0.86
2.92
0.02
2.02
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
1.83
6.56
14.67
1872
2 53
1.81
0.18
1.80
0.00
0.14
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.00
0.00
4.34
10.87
1873
0.58
5.48
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.27
5.26
11.64
1874
4.54
3.17
0.78
0.28
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.91
1.30
0.00
12.12
1875
14.84
0.18
0.38
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.53
0.31
22.34
1876
7.56
5.67
2.73
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.32
0.00
0.00
16.55
1877
2.72
0.00
0.82
0.18
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.32
3.12
8.61
1878 .. ..
7.17
11.73
2.47
3.34
0.29
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.32
0.00
5.16
30.55
1879
5 24
71
0.34
1.60
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.41
1.62
4.57
14.70
1880
1.30
10.86
1.15
5.78
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.28
9.73
29.30
1881
2.83
0.30
1.25
0.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.44
1.47
0.33
0.95
8.16
1882
1.13
2.38
5.7'4
1.63
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.37
0.77
0.10
12.32
1883
2 18
2.92
3.64
0.29
2.79
0.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.32
0.00
2.76
16.25
1884
6.33
9.68
9.77
2.60
0.39
1.62
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.02
0.79
6.62
38.82
1886
1 23
07
0.35
3.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
'0.19
9.84
2 47
17.15
1886
5.12
1.19
2.03
3.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.39
0.87
0.86
13.86
1887 - .
31
8 64
0.13
1.43
0.33
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.38
0.31
1.10
4.43
17 09
1888
10.15
1.30
3.86
0.16
0.02
T.
T.
T.
0.03
0.07
5.62
5.59
26.80
1889
0.29
1 29
7 31
0.49
0.76
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.65
3.21
10 64
32 77
1890
5 32
2 96
1 10
31
18
00
00
00
1 50
05
48
3 53
15 43
1891
0.45
7 92
1.56
1.57
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.00
2.43
14.38
1892
1 10
2 55
2 95
46
1 12
00
00
00
00
26
4 27
6 66
19 37
1893
4.41
3.10
7.80
0.38
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.82j
07
2 94
19 61
1894
99
76
29
24
91
00
12
T
1 36
68
07
4 67
10 09
1895.
6.25
0.67
1 99
0.46
0.02
0.05
T.
00
00
0.55
77
93
11 69
1896
6 84
00
2 37
1 78
08
05
40
00
00
92
3 51
2 92
18 87
1897
4.35
3.65
2 73
02
0.00
0.00
00
00
00
1 44
00
00
12 19
1898
63
97
28
00
1 25
00
T
00
3 17
14
00
36
6 80
1899
4.48
00
2 78
64
00
0.78
00
00
00
2 06
1 97
2 35
15 06
1900
2 32
05
1 58
42
1 90
01
02
T
04
15
3 99
02
10 50
3 68
3 12
2 26
1 18
40
11
02
T
22
77
1 61
3 23
16 59
CLIMA.TE OF SOUTHERN COAST.
THE CLIMATE OP SANTA BARBARA FOOTHILLS PINE CREST STATION.
[By Dr. C. M. Richter.]
67
Months.
Temperature.
Mean-
"3
1
3
Least daily range.
Absolute.
Mean of three consecutive
highest maxima.
Mean of three conseeutive
lowest maxima.
Mean number of days
Monthly.
Maximum.
Minimum.
Warmest day.
Coldest day.
Three consecutive
warmest days.
Three consecutive
coldest days.
Daily range.
Maximum.
Minimum.
With 80 or above.
With 80 to 99.5.
With 90 to 990.5.
With 100 or above.
With 32 or below.
55.4
58.0
57.4
59.3
59.4
64.4
68.1
68.9
69.9
64.8
64.7
58.4
62.3
57.3
59.7
66.8
63.3
61.8
66.1
65.6
68.8
68.5
74.4
79.2
78.1
79.7
72.4
71.8
65.5
71.0
64.5
67.6
77.2
74.6
49.0
50.0
49.1
49.8
50.3
54.5
56.9
58.1
60.1
55.3
55.6
51.4
53.3
50.1
49.7
56.5
57.0
70.0
74.0
76.5
85.0
77.5
82.5
87.5
87.0
90.0
84.5
80.5
73.0
90.0
74.0
85.0
87.5
90.0
42.0
39.5
45.5
45.5
51.0
54.0
57.5
59.5
60.0
52.5
52.0
46.0
39.5
39.5
45.5
54.0
52.0
69.2
72.0
74.3
83.7
74.2
79.5
84.2
82.7
86.8
82.8
79.5
72.5
86.8
72.5
83.7
84.2
86.8
42.5
41.7
46.2
49.0
53.3
54.8
59.8
61.0
61.5
54.0
52.2
46.8
41.7
41.7
46.2
54.8
52.2
12.7
16.0
16.1
18.9
17.1
18.8
22.2
21.4
19.2
17.0
16.1
13.7
17.4
14.1
17.3
20.8
17.4
22.0
28.0
28.0
34.0
31.0
34.0
32.0
33.0
34.0
29.0
25.0
23.0
34.0
28.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
4.0
2.0
3.0
9.0
6.0
7.0
11.0
9.0
10.0
4.0
5.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
7.0
4.0
79.0
82.0
86.0
95.0
87.0
93.0
99.0
99.0
101.0
93.0
91.0
83.0
101.
83.0
95.0
99.0
101.0
34.0
31.0
37.0
39.0
40.0
46.0
50.0
51.0
49.0
46.0
43.0
39.0
31.0
31.0
37.0
46.0
43.0
75.7
79.3
83.7
94.7
78.7
91.7
95.3
93.3
97.3
92.0
89.0
82.0
97.3
82.0
>4.7
95.3
97.3
35.3
33.0
38.0
42.7
46.0
48.0
50.7
52.0
52.0
47.7
46.0
40.0
33.0
( 33.0
38.0
48.0
46.0
0.0 0.0
0.6 I 0.6
1.7 1.7
4.3 4.3
3.0 3.0
7.0 7.0
13.8 13.3
11.3 11.3
15.0 14.3
6.3 6.3
5.7 5.7
1.7 1.7
5.8 5.8
7.0 7.0
2.7 2.7
9.5 9.5
8.1 7.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.0
0.0
5.0
7.0
9.0
17.0
3.0
2.0
0.0
50.0
0.0
7.0
21.0
22.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Fphmflry
March
May
July.. .
August
October
December
Winter .
Spring
Fall
Months.
Temperature.
Mean number of days
Mean relative humidity.
Wind.
Number of years observed
Mean number of days
Lowest absolute maximum.
Highest absolute minimum.
Mean number of days with highest ab-
solute maximum 60 or above.
Number of days with frost.
1
8
Partly cloudy.
5
a
Mean direction.
Greatest movement in one day.
Average velocity per hour.
Precipitation.
With 40 or below.
Witli minimum 82 to 39.fi.
With minimum 40 to 49.6.
With maximum 70 to 79.5.J
Jftnnarv
3.0
2.3
2.3
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
7.0
10.3
3.3
0.0
0.0
2.3
1.7
1.7
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
7.3
5.3
1.7
0.0
0.0
16.3
13.3
16.7
21.0
17.3
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.7
5.3
11.3
8.8
4.1
5.5
2.7
7.3
6.3
10.0
7.7
6.7
8.0
14.7
17.3
17.0
13.0
12.7
13.0
7.0
11.1
23.3
22.3
49.0
38.7
64.0
66.0
68.0
78.0
73.0
76.0
78.0
73.0
81.0
76.0
72.0
64.0
81.0
66.0
78.0
78.0
81.0
47.0
40.0
52.0
52.0
58.0
58.0
65.0
64.0
67.0
58.0
55.0
53.0
47.0
47.0
52.0
.v.u
10.
4.0
3.3
3.0
3.7
2.0
4.7
8.0
11.0
13.7
7.7
8.7
5.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
17.3
20.0
17.3
16.7
21.0
22.3
26.7
25.7
23.7
20.0
23.0
23.3
25.0
6.3
4.0
8.6
6.0
4.7
5.1
4.0
3.1
3.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
60.0
7.0
4.0
4.0
7.0
5.0
3.0
0.0
2.0
3.0
5.0
4.0
6.0
51.0
3.0
1.3
5.0
3.0
2.1
0.6
1.0
0.0
1.0
4.0
2.8
1.2
2.4
62.3
52.2
67.2
68.8
68.7
72.0
70.6
72.0
59.7
61.3
60.5
46.8
63.5
53.0
68.0
71.0
60.0
H.
N.
N.
N.
N.
S.
S.
S.
s.
S.N.
N.
N.
278
346
312
281
359
252
186
197
323
359
299
222
359
346
359
252
359
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.7
3.9
3.1
2.9
2.8
3.5
3.9
4.5
5.0
4.0
2.99
0.55
2.28
0.54
1.77
0.08
0.04
0.00
0.48
1.21
2.42
0.65
13.03
February
March
April
May
June
July
September
October
November
December
Annual . .
Winter
N.
N.
S.
8.N.
Spring
Siimmpr
Fall .
- 1
68 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
LOS ANGELES.
By Mr. G. E. FRANK MX, Local Forecaster.
Los Angeles City is located in a valley of the same name, 18 miles from the Pacific Ocean.
Its chief topographical feature is a range of hills of moderate elevation on the western side, with
a general trend north to south, which separates it from the Cahuenga Valley, that extends to the
ocean on the west. The eastern side is slightly undulating and broadens out into the Los Angeles
Valle} r , which reaches the ocean on the south.
A great variety of climate may be found within a small radius. A traveler may start from
the ocean at Santa Monica, Redondo, Long Beach, or other seaside places in the morning and
within two or three hours' ride by rail and cable railway attain an altitude of 2,000 feet, whence
by trails he can ascend to 6,000 feet.
The rain storms do not last usually more than two or three days at a time; occasionally they
continue a week, and are followed by periods of fine weather lasting two or three weeks. An
average of three hundred and seventeen clear days, or days when the sun is but partly obscured,
is the record for the past twenty-three and a half years; the sunshine averages 75 per cent. The
first rains wash the atmosphere of the summer's dust, when the sky becomes beautifully clear;
the later rains are heavier and snow falls in the mountains, though a light fall may occur with
the first rain.
The prevailing wind is west, which, coming from the ocean, causes the humidity to average
quite high. The nights as a rule are cool and damp and the days warm and dry, or moderately
so. Morning fogs are frequent from spring to autumn, but they disappear in the early forenoon.
During heavy fogs the air is so saturated with moisture that it is not uncommon to find a
precipitation of one-hundredth of an inch in the gauge. On the other hand, the humidity falls
as low as 9 per cent during " northers," which occasionally occur in the summer and autumn
months. These ''northers" last from one to five days, usually three, and are accompanied by
high temperature, which is so modified by the dryness of the air as to be neither oppressive nor
debilitating.
In consulting the accompanying temperature tables it should be borne in mind that the
instruments from which the data were obtained were located on roofs of buildings. 60 to 70 feet
above ground, exposed in standard shelters and above the stratum of colder air which settles
on low ground. The temperature so obtained is appreciably different from that on the surface,
lower maxima and higher minima resulting. For the above reasons the temperature seldom
falls to freezing or below at the Weather Bureau station, while in the low grounds it frequently
reaches 32 or several degrees below in winter, when a much higher temperature obtains at the
.station; this corresponds to the foothill belts, where frost seldom if ever happens. Frost occurs
in the low sections of the city when in the hill portions there is not the least trace, and where
delicate flowers, such as calla lillies, may be seen in full flower.
CLIMATE OF SOUTHERN COAST.
MEAN MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
69
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Hay.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1877
73
71
71
64
63
57
1878 55
55
57
59
63
67
70
71
70
65
59
55
62
1879 53
56
59
60
62
68
69
72
69
66
57
53
62
1880 51
51
52
57
63
66
65
69
66
63
56
56
60
1881 53
59
57
63
64
67
72
71
70
61
57
55
62
1882 50
51
56
58
61
66
71
73
70
63
58
57
61
1883 53
52
58
58
61
71
73
72
74
6?
60
56
63
1884 M
56
56
59
63
68
73
73
67
63
61
53
62
1885 : 55
57
62
63
66
67
72
75
71
66
60
58
64
1886 55
60
55
59
65
69
72
75
68
60
57
56
63
1887 55
51
60
60
64
68
72
70
69
66
60
53
62
1888 ' ... 50
54
56
63
63
69
73
73
74
66
60
57
63
1889 52
56
59
62
63
66
71
72
73
66
61
65
63
1890 49
54
58
59
63
68
73
73
71
68
66
61
64
1891 56
53
58
59
62
66
74
75
73
66
61
53
63
1892 57
54
56
59
62
64
68
72
68
64
62
54
62
1893 57
55
54
58
63
66
70
71
66
63
57
58
62
1894 51
51
54
59
60
63
67
70
69
66
59
54
63
1895 52
57
56
59
64
66
68
69
69
66
60
56
62
18% 58
60
58
56
63
69
71
71
68
65
60
59
63
1897 56
53
53
61
63
66
70
72
70
62
62
56
62
1898 52
58
55
63
60
67
70
74
71
65
61
57
63
1899 56
54
57
60
60
65
70
69
70
63
62
58
62
1900 58
58
60
57
64
67
71
68
67
64
66
60
64
55
57
60
63
67
71
72
70
64
60
56
62
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
1877
93
88
84
85
98
90
99
98
98
98
95
99
97
109
90
89
88
85
92
86
91
93
95
87
89
98
92
100
99
98
102
106
98
94
97
95
98
96
94
92
97
88
91
96
89
93
93
103
101
91
102
100
104
92
108
91
91
98
103
94
100
95
90
99
97
92
97
99
95
94
80
91
96
89
82
88
S3
89
102
82
93
98
89
99
89
96
91
96
91
90
83
91
100
83
86
81
84
85
81
81
84
88
78
85
86
84
82
96
85
90
86
92
94
84
92
94
86
96
81
88
76
80
79
82
80
76
82
85
73
79
68
82
75
81
88
75
86
84
89
83
82
85
9$
103
104
97
102
100
101
102
108
98
100
99
103
105
109
99
92
99
100
103
97
99
100
96
1878
72
74
n
74
78
72
75
80
71
71
67
80
81
84
75
77
87
79
84
82
81
71
80
70
86
77
82
81
81
81
82
74
84
81
71
74
79
73
84
88
83
85
82
84
76
99
74
89
88
84
72
85
76
85
79
81
81
82
81
88
82
84
89
76
81
90
90
80
88
83
94
80
89
80
89
80
87
99
93
94
86
88
84
85
82
81
90
99
92
76
89
97
97
89
86
100
79
80
89
92
83
94
96
74
99
90
80
88
103
76
H
76
87
81
104
83
88
87
100
98
90
92
100
94
81
105
89
88
90
83
100
99
88
95
89
89
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884 .
1885
1886
1887
1S88
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893 .
1894
1895
18%
1897
1898
1899
1900
70
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov
Dec.
Annual.
1877 ,
55
56
52
43
45
36
36
1878
37
41
41
42
47
47
52
54
50
43
37
30
30
1879
36
39
42
42
43
50
52
53
47
42
36
30
30
1880
30
34
36
40
42
50
62
52
44
44
35
38
30
1881
37
42
37
48
41
48
51
52
50
43
34
35
34
1882
33
32
35
40
42
50
52
57
46
44
36
35
32
1883
30
28
43
39
40
52
52
50
53
44
42
37
28
1884
34
38
37
42
47
50
52
52
46
43
39
36
34
1885
38
36
42
45
49
47
52
51
51
42
40
40
36
1886
32
41
37
42
44
48
50
54
48
41
34
37
32
1887
33
35
41
40
44
47
51
52
49
47
39
35
33
1888
31
39
36
44
45
50
49
51
55
44
40
41
31
1889
32
33
44
46
46
51
54
53
52
50
43
40
32
1890
34
35
40
42
43
48
55
56
54
46
41
43
34
1891
34
33
40
42
47
49
54
54
52
46
40
33
33
1892
37
38
36
40
42
46
50
53
50
40
41
35
35
1893
35
38
31
39
45
48
50
54
48
46
39
37
31
1894
32
35
35
41
46
46
51
62
49
45
38
39
32
1895
37
36
38
41
47
47
54
51
48
45
36
34
34
1896
36
36
35
38
44
48
54
54
50
47
37
42
35
1897
37
35
38
40
48
50
52
54
52
45
37
30
30
1898
31
40
36
41
46
50
56
56
48
45
41
34
31
1899
37
33
39
42
44
50
53
53
51
45
43
37
33
1900
41
40
40
40
47
52
53
51
49
47
48
37
37
MEAN DAILY RANGE IN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
1877
21
22
23
19
24
19
1878
18
16
18
16
17
16
21
20
22
27
25
25
20
1879
18
17
20
18
24
20
22
24
25
25
23
17
21
1880
22
21
22
16
26
20
18
21
22
24
24
15
21
1881
20
21
23
19
22
26
28
28
29
25
27
23
24
1882
18
22
21
24
25
24
26
26
28
26
23
26
24
1883 -. .-
22
21
17
24
24
27
25
28
27
22
25
22
24
1884
22
16
16
19
18
21
28
27
26
23
25
17
22
1885
21
25
25
22
22
27
27
28
28
27
19
20
24
1886.
17
23
20
20
27
24
29
29
25
24
27
22
24
1887
25
18
26
21
26
27
25
25
24
26
23
21
24
1888
16
18
18
22
20
26
28
28
26
22
20
19
22
1889 '
22
25
20
22
22
20
25
25
24
20
23
12
22
1890
17
21
22
20
18
23
25
22
22
29
30
19
22
1891
25
17
20
23
16
23
25
24
25
24
27
21
22
1892
24
16
19
25
19
24
24
22
25
24
25
19
22
1893
25
21
18
22
21
25
25
23
23
24
23
22
23
1894
22
21
22
22
20
22
26
23
25
25
27
16
23
1895
17
22
20
21
21
23
21
23
28
21
25
25
22
1896
20
28
22
21
23
22
21
22
24
23
21
22
22
1897
19
18
18
24
16
21
21
22
22
20
26
27
21
1898
19
22
23
23
18
21
22
24
26
27
27
24
23
1899
21
24
19
22
19
19
24
21
25
22
22
24
22
1900
22
25
20
20
21
20
21
19
24
21
24
25
22
21
21
20
21
21
23
24
24
25
24
24
21
22
CLIMATE OF SOUTHERN COAST.
GREATEST AND LEAST DAILY RANGES is TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
71
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug. Sept. Oct.
Xov.
Dec.
Annual.
f
$
Greatest.
i
Greatest.
Least.
Greatest.
Lcalt.
Greatest.
1
5
l
Greatest.
I
i
1
O
|
1
I
5
1
1
O
~
1
(i reatest.
|
1877
30
28
28
32
40
39
34
42
42
40
40
40
37
33
39
34
35
35
28
30
28
34
37
33
13
15
14
11
20
19
18
18
16
20
12
20
17
17
17
16
16
17
13
12
14
15
16
13
29
26
32
34
37
37
38
38
42
37
35
39
34
34
35
32
31
32
33
29
31
34
32
27
15
16
12
19
10
22
17
17
14
12
15
18
13
18
13
16
15
12
15
14
15
13
11
33
40
36
39
45
36
40
37
48
40
37
38
41
35
38
36
35
44
41
36
32
42
37
38
12
14
14
13
19
13
17
12
16
14
11
13
1
8
14
14
12
12
13
9
8
11
12
29
44
43
40
37
36
36
37
44
39
40
39
32
49
43
40
40
38
41
35
31
38
40
32
12
12
11
11
7
10
10
3
15
-
14
6
8
8
7
g
11
12
10
-
5
13
9
11
35
41
36
36
37
37
38
39
36
39
37
39
33
39
39
39
38
42
42
30
34
37
38
34
14
11
10
10
13
9
12
11
3
14
g
6
8
11
13
7
-
16
5
6
12
13
4
6
31
36
33
27
34
39
32
32
28
37
35
28
21
29
34
30
40
31
33
34
38
34
32
34
5
7
4
7
11
13
4
6
7
10
13
5
5
3
7
5
7
3
14
12
15
10
8
18
1878
25
31
32
29
28
37
37
31
28
38
30
34
25
34
34
37
38
27
39
29
32
32
34
9
6
13
5
8
8
6
11
6
16
5
6
9
13
8
c
10
5
6
8
7
6
5
23
31
34
32
31
33
30
35
33
.31
30
35
32
28
30
33
'36
34
39
31
35
36
36
7
6
6
8
9
8
6
14
9
8
5
8
7
4
6
4
8
7
12
6
6
5
11
28
38
9A
40
36
29
26
38
29
36
30
31
33
30
31
34
40
35
32
31
35
37
35
8
6
10
6
5
12
12
10
9
6
7
8
6
5
6
g
10
9
30
36
30
40
34
35
30
37
36
36
43
39
40
37
38
33
33
32
33
35
41
43
31
9
3
7
5
12
4
8
10
5
9
10
8
11
16
7
12
7
14
5
8
13
10
32
38
34
39
40
43
28
28
39
39
33
35
37
26
41
34
32
35
35
26
30
27
33
14
10
10
12
10
10
15
12
13
10
13
7
8
7
8
10
8
14
6
10
8
10
28
38
32
38
35
44
40
40
39
47
41
27
36
33
36
36
37
38
38
35
42
32
36
8
10
9
12
12
14
5
16
10
13
15
13
13
14
10
13
13
15
12
14
9
11
8
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898 .
1899
1900
NUMBER OF DAYS TEMPERATURE WAS ABOVE 90 F.
1
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1877
3
n
1
4
1878 ...
I
4
1
o
5
1879
1
o
2
3
4
5
o
18
1880 . .
1
1
o
2
1881
1
5
4
7
17
1882 1
3
5
2
o
10
1883
3
6
8
10
o
o
27
1884 '
2
5
7
1
o
o
15
1885 .. '
1
7
11
5
2
o
o
26
1886
o
o
o
4
9
13
1
o
o
27
1887 1
2
2
3
2
5
o
o
17
1888
o
o
2
3
g
9
2
o
o
30
1889 1
1
1
5
5
-
o
o
20
1890
1
1
5
5
5
5
6
4
o
32
1891 '
o
9
5
9
o
o
23
1892 .. ..j
3
1
4
1
3
o
o
12
1893
1
*
4
1
2
8
1894 . 1
3
4
3
1
o
11
1895
1
-
1
2
o
11
1896 1
3
3
1
1
1
o
o
9
1897 '
5
5
1
o
11
1898
5
3
1
g
1
2
o
28
1899 !
2
3
3
2
o
10
1900
1
2
o
14
72
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFOENIA.
NUMBER OF DAYS TEMPERATURE WAS BELOW 32 F.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1877
Q
o
1878*.
o
o
o
1879
o
Q
1880
1
o
o
1881 .
o
1882
o
o
Q
1883...
I
2
Q
1884
o
o
Q
1885
o
o
o
o
1886
o
o
Q
1887
o
1888
4
o
o
o
Q
1889
o
Q
1890
o
o
o
Q
1891
o
Q
o
o
1892
o
o
o
o
o
1893
o
Q
1
Q
o
1894
o
o
o
o
o
Q
1895
o
o
o
o
1896
o
o
o
Q
o
o
1897
o
o
Q
Q
1898
1
o
o
o
o
Q
1899
o
o
o
o
1900
o
o
o
o
o
Q
MEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY (PER CENT).
1877
64
63
64
1878
62
70
74
7^
72
1879
64
74
71
65
62
65
70
1880
64
67
76
73
73
1881
65
63
65
1882
70
63
65
72
66
1883..
53
61
80
1884
62
71
76
79
76
1885.
65
66
1886
78
76
81
80
74
1887.. .
66
82
78
1888
80
83
78
75
1889...
60
54
77
1890
70
66
64
76
73
1891
48
70
70
1892
60
80
79
71
75
72
1893...
69
73
79
71
1894
70
68
70
74
80
74
1895
76
, gg
77
1896
71
53
70
67
67
1897
68
74
74
73
1898
65
71
62
68
77
75
74
1899
65
68
72
7tf
76
**
79
1900.
75
63
72
66
69
73
__
71
CLIMATE OF SOUTHERN COAST.
73
HIGHEST AXD LOWEST MEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY (PER CENT).
Jl
n.
F<
;b.
M
ir.
A]
>r.
M
*y-
Ju
oe.
Ju
iy.
A!
>K-
Se
pt.
O.
rt.
H,
,v.
Ii
"C.
Year.
1
1
Highest.
I/OWCHt.
HlghcRt.
1
1
5
1
2
Highest.
1
Highest.
1
I
~.
Si
S
a
I/OWCHt.
Hlghent.
1
Highest.
jnaMo'1
|
a
1
1
Highest.
1
1
1
u
S
1
1
1
1877 ....
78
4?
78
51
77
11
78
46
78
17
85
14
1878 90
79
9^
40
84
48
80
49
79
53
77
61
75
61
75
57
76
14
79
24
86
27
89
16
1879 84
74
88
50
81
74
85
75
15
75
76
67
76
47
79
23
81
16
86
89
21
1880 85
18
87
45
59
89
57
84
35
87
19
80
64
81
56
83
20
85
18
80
n
87
34
1881 87
18
85
77
85
41
92
49
84
57
75
56
94
51
77
48
76
49
86
59
?t
78
40
1882... 86
57
85
46
91
16
91
56
81
43
59
81
55
78
89
52
88
26
84
28
89
27
1883 79
78
95
30
95
4:.
-,
6
28
81
77
65
57
28
M
48
81
95
34
1884 95
75
94
96
51
95
61
87
67
90
56
80
63
80
42
86
50
89
28
85
37
95
47
1885 89
10
87
--
75
86
16
8
67
78
fi?
78
55
ff
48
90
27
87
54
93
42
91
42
1886 95
19
9"
46
90
67
97
66
84
66
84
66
84
56
87
87
71
90
66
86
B
91
"
56
1887 86
41
58
94
41
92
48
84
48
84
61
89
-
88
65
89
73
43
90
5
96
46
1888 . j 98
48
91
61
94
47
--
11
88
68
84
57
The following table shows the actual and possible number of hours of sunshine and percent-
ages of each month at Los Angeles, Cal., from October, 1896, to December, 1900, inclusive.
The record is derived from the Weather Bureau photographic sunshine recorder, which forms a
portion of the standard equipment of instruments at the Los Angeles Station.
TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS OF ACTUAL SUXSHIXE.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Monthly
average.
18%
271
226
222
1897
209
198
261
314
216
327
332
344
291
246
274
262
273
1898
205
216
290
292
278
294
365
354
303
294
287
226
281
1899
238
260
240
289
287
289
370
324
289
258
214
214
273
1900
204
255
229
242
308
282
331
286
297
254
239
275
267
TOTAL NUMBER OP HOURS OF POSSIBLE SUXSHIXE.
All vears 316
307 j 372 | 392
433
432
440
416
372
351
312 ] 308 371
PERCEXTAGE OF SUXSHIXE.
1896
i
77
72
72
1897
66 65
70
80
50
76
75
83
78
70
--
85
74
1898
65 70
78
74
64
68
83
85
81
84
92
73
77
1899
75 85
65
74
66
67
84
--
78
73
70
74
1900
64 ! 83
61
62
71
65
75
69
80
72
89
72
74
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
NUMBER OF CLEAR, PARTLY CLOUDY, AND CLOUDY DAYS.
January.
Year.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.
1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
Averages .
13
16
20
17
18
21
17
o)7
13
21
14
19
10
18
14
17
21
13
9
18
12
16
10
16
10
10
10
9
6
6
8
a 10
6
10
8
6
13
11
9
7
6
14
14
13
10
8
14
February.
13
March.
April.
12
18
12
10
18
9
18
18
12
10
10
8
18
20
13 !
11
9
14
10
16
12
12
22
May.
11
22
15
9
12
12
7
4
14
a 14
5
9
5
4
10
10
5
9
14
2
8
8
12
10
10
9
11
15
11
15
16
21
14
all
18
19
18
20
6
14
20
19
16
22
18
19
16
IB
June.
a5
8
8
8
7
15
7
6
8'
1
7
8
4
8
7
12
11
15
8
15
a 10
17
17
1
9
15
12
16
10
9
9
10
6
7
15
24
22
16
14
12
9
14
o!6
10
12
28
21
14
17
14
20
21
21
20
22
20
18
17
12
3
1
2
5
3
13
1
a3
3
1
1
1
1
2
3
Year.
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
Annual.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.
1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
18%.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
Averages
22
10
17
12
12
a 16
20
23
16
21
11
23
14
10
9
12
10
is
II
16
16
18
16
12
is
18
22
13
10
15
22
22
ol3
21
18
21
18
8
13
19
18
16
9
22
15
20
14
13
21
7
4
10
10
14
8
7
"11
5
12
7
6
11
12
9
8
10
8
7
12
9
13
13 i
9 1
12
111
178
141
172
a!97
183
189
a!90
a!96
184
140
168
154
162
161
148
142
143
146
160
US
LS8
151
146
171
154
al09
43
110
al45
a!31
n!29
118
181
j 155
172
in;
160
177
172
187
185
in
167
170
17
5 166 151
65
46
54
39
51
39
66
a 38
a 43
"39
64
44
47
39
58
44
45
51
37
35
33
36
43
48
a Record incomplete.
CLIMATE OF SOUTHERN COAST.
NUMBER OP DAYS WITH FROST.
75
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1877
o
2
1878 ....."* 4
n
o
o
o
o
2
8
1879 4
n
o
o
o
o
o
o
2
5
1880 . . . 6
7
3
1
o
o
o
o
o
1
1
1881 5
o
o
o
o
o
1
1
o
1882 1
3
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
1
3
1883 7
11
1
o
o
o
o
1
1881 11
3
4
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
8
1885 ' 4
o
o
o
o
2
9
1886 7
4
o
o
o
o
o
o
7
11
2
1887 7
6
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
4
12
1888 . 8
1
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
3
4
1889 13
3
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
3
6
1890 ; 9
3
o
o
o
o
o
o
1
1
3
1891 10
2
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
9
1892 3
2
2
o
o
o
o
o
o
1
10
1893 .... 4
3
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
3
1894 14
9
g
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
g
7
1895 10
2
6
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
4
12
18% ...... 3
7
4
8
o
o
o
o
o
1
8
5
1897 9
6
8
o
o
o
o
o
g
19
1898 13
3
13
1
o
o
o
o
o
o
1
19
1899 7
10
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
3
13
1900 10
9
2
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
g
NUMBER OF DAYS WITH THUXDER STORMS.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1877
o
o
o
o
o
o
1878
o
o
o
o
o
o
1879
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
1880
o
o
o
o
o
1881.
o
o
o
o
1882
o
o
o
o
o
o
1883
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Q
1884
1
1
1
1
o
o
1
o
o
5
1885
o
o
1
o
o
o
o
o
o
1
1886... .
1
1
1
o
o
o
o
o
g
1887
o
1
o
1
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
2
1888
o
o
1
o
o
o
o
o
o
2
1889
3
1
o
o
o
4
1890
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
1891
o
o
o
o
1892
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
1893
1
o
o
o
o
1
2
1894
o
1
o
o
1
1895
1
o
o
o
o
1
1896
o
o
1
1
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
2
1897
o
1
o
o
o
o
o
4
1898
o
o
o
o
1899
o
o
o
o
o
o
1
o
o
o
2
1900
o
o
1
o
o
o
o
"
o
1
o
3
76
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
NUMBER OF DAYS WITH 0.01 INCH OB MORE RAINFALL.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1877
2
1
3
1878
7
10
9
7
10
4
3
4
54
1879 .
9
7
6
6
2
2
3
3
10
48
1880
5
8
6
13
1
2
3
13
51
1881 .
3
4
5
4
1
3
2
2
24
1882
6
5
10
6
3
4
;:
2
39
1883
3
4
7
3
2
2
n
6
33
1884
5
14
18
9
4
6
2
3
10
71
1885
2
1
8
1
1
9
4
26
1886
10
2
8
4
1
1
1
o
1
1
3
32
1887...
2
13
2
5
3
1
2
1
1
3
37
1888
9
11
3
1
1
1
3
8
6
48
1889
4
5
7
4
3
1
1
7
4
20
56
1890
9
4
5
2
2
1
1
3
2
2
7
38
1891
1
12
4
3
2
1
4
27
1892
6
11
6
1
5
2
1
4
6
6
48
1893
7
5
12
1
1
1
4
3
6
40
1894
5
3
3
2
3
1
2
1
10
30
1895
10
5
6
5
4
1
2
5
4
42
1896
9
6
4
2
1
1
3
5
36
1897
9
9
1
3
3
1
2
35
1898 . .
6
4
4
1
2
1
2
2
3
25
1899
4
3
5
2
1
2
1
4
5
4
31
1900 ..
2
2
5
4
3
7
23
Average
6
6
4
3
1
3
3
6
39
MONTHLY PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
1877
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.86
0.45
3.93
5 24
1878
3.33
7.68
2.57
1.71
0.66
07
0.00
T
00
14
T
4 70
90 #g
1879
3 59
97
49
1 19
24
03
00
00
00
93
3 44
6 53
1880
1.33
1.56
1.45
5.06
0.04
00
T
T
00
14
67
8 40
18 65
1881
1 43
36
1 66
46
01
00
00
T
T
82
27
52
5 53
1882
1.01
2.66
2.66
1.83
63
T
00
00
T
05
1 82
08
10 74
1883
1.62
3.47
2.87
0.15
2.02
0.03
T
00
00
1,42
00
2 56
14 14
1884 .. .
3.15
13.37
12.36
3.54
34
1 39
T
T
T
30
1 06
4 64
1885
1.05
T.
0.01
2.00
0.06
T
T.
T
T
26
5 52
1 63
10 53
1886
7.72
1 38
2.50
3.29
00
01
4
21
00
01
1 18
18
1887
20
9 25
24
2 30
20
C 04
07
00
15
12
2 67
1888
6.03
0.77
3.15
11
02
T
03
08
T
36
4 01
6 26
1889
25
92
6 48
27
62
00
00
61
00
6 95
1890 .
7.83
1.36
66
22
03
02
00
03
06
03
13
2 32
1891
25
8 56
41
26
31
00
T
00
06
00
18P2 . .
0.88
3.19
3.39
22
2 06
06
00
01
00
33
4 40
4 18
1893
6.29
2.27
8.52
0.19
0.06
03
00
00
T
75
3 65
1894
0.94
0.49
0.37
0.13
20
T
T
01
73
O 9
00
1895
5 84
46
3 77
46
19
01
T
T
T
24
1896
3.23
T.
2.97
0.19
30
T
02
01
T
1 30
1 66
11 80
1897
3 70
5 62
2 31
02
10
T
T
00
00
2 47
1898
1.26
0.51
0.98
0.03
1 75
T
07
T
02
09
T
12
1899
2 64
04
1 81
18
04
58
00
01
T
1 59
1900
1.17
T.
0.99
0.64
1.81
T
T
T
T
26
6 53
T
Average
2.80
2.82
2.72
1.10
0.51
10
02
04
04
81
1 47
3 28
CLIMATE OF 8OUTHEKN COAST.
TOTAL PRECIPITATION AT Los ANGELES, CAL., BY SEASONS.
77
Season.
Amount.
Season.
Amount.
September 1,
1877. to September 1,
1878
Inches.
20 26
September 1
1889 to September 1
1890
Inches.
September 1,
1878, to September 1,
1879
11. S5
September 1
1890 to September 1
1891
13 33
September 1,
1879, to September 1.
1880
20 34
September 1
1891 to September 1
1892
September 1,
1880, to September 1,
1881
13.13
1892 to September 1
1893
26 27
September 1,
1881, to September 1,
1882
10.40
September 1,
1893, to September 1
1894
6 74
September 1,
1882, to September 1.
1883
12.11
1894, to September 1
1895
16 10
September 1,
1883, to September 1.
1884
38.13
September 1
1895 to September 1
1896
8 54
September 1,
1884, to September 1,
1885
9.12
September 1
1896 to September 1
1897 '
16 83
September 1,
1885, to September 1,
1886
22.76
September 1
1897 to September 1
1898
7 13
September 1,
1886, to September 1,
1887
13 67
September 1
1898 to September 1
1899
5 53
September 1,
1887, to September 1,
1888
13.91
September 1
1899 to September 1
1900
7 90
September 1,
1888, to September 1,
1889
19 78 1
GREATEST PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) IN 24 HOCRS.
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
AU*.
Sept
Oct
Nov.
Dec.
1877
0.00
00
00
84
45
2 21
1878 1.16
1.33
0.90
0.47
0.26
04
00
00
00
13
00
3 58
1879 1.41
0.63
36
63
20
03
00
00
00
93
3,41
1880 0.68
0.57
0.75
1.43
0.04
00
T
T
0.00
12
56
2 26
1881 1.27
0.19
76
37
01
00
00
T
T
39
1882 0. 53
1.02
1.24
1.18
61
T
00
00
T
02
1 77
05
1883 1.55
2.04
1.67
0.08
1.53
02
T
00
00
1 37
00
1 56
1884 1.36
3.63
3.18
2.20
0.22
0.87
01
01
T
17
1 01
3.04
1885 0.89
0.01
0.01
0.83
0.06
T
T
T
01
26
1 80
1 02
1886 3.77
1.32
0.89
1.97
0.01
02
24
21
02
01
1 18
13
1887 0.20
3 94
23
1.05
17
04
05
T
15
12
70
1888 3.39
0.30
1.51
0.08
02
01
03
06
01
30
2 O 9
2.72
1889 0.18
0.81
2.53
0.15
0.35
01
T
61
00
3 6
73
4 30
1890 4.17
0.70
30
0.21
02
02
00
03
04
03
13
1 20
1891 0.25
2.75
0.22
0.85
30
00
T
00
06
00
00
1 04
1892 49
1 48
1 96
0.22
176
05
00
01
00
30
3 75
> 35
1893 3.29
1.33
2.51
0.19
06
03
00
00
T
39
14
1 82
1894.. 0.38
0.24
0.35
0.07
09
T
T
01
71
02
00
1 33
1895 1. 81
26
2 25
0.29
13
01
T
T
T
20
40
45
1896 1.73
T
1 33
0.07
29
T
02
01
T
1 9
1 14
1 22
1897... 1.57
2.13
0.81
0.02
0.06
T
T
00
00
I 75
01
03
1898 41
28
50
03
1 46
T
07
T
01
08
T
11
1899 ! 1.70
0.02
84
10
0.04
57
00
01
T
1 09
53
84
1900 ' 1 16
T
90
38
1 32
T
T
T
25
3 79
T
1
78
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PREVAILING WIND DIRECTION.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
W.
W.
W.
W.
N.
N.
W.
1878
N.
NE.
N.
SW.
SW.
SW.
W.
W.
W.
W.
N.
NE.
W.
1879
NE.
NE.
SW.
SW.
SW.
W.
W.
W.
W.
NE.
NE.
NE.
NE.
1880
N. .
NE.
NE.
SW.
SW.
SW.
SW.
SW.
SW.
SW.
NE.
NE.
SW.
1881
NE.
NE.
NE.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
SW.
W.
W.
1882
NE.
NE.
\V.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
NE.
NE.
W.
1883
NE.
NE.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
NE.
NE.
W.
1884
NE.
NE.
NE.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
NE.
W.
1885 '- . -
NE.
NE,
W.
W.
\v.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
NE.
W.
1886
E.
NE.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
NE.
NE.
W.
1887
NE.
SE.
W.
w.
\v.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
NE.
W.
1888
E.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
NE.
W.
W.
1889
W.
W.
W.
W.
\v.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
N.
NE.
W.
1890
NE.
N.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
N.
W.
1891
\V.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
N.
W.
1892
NE.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
w:
1893
x\v.
NE.
NE.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
NE.
W.
1894
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
\v.
W.
E.
w.
1895
E.
NE.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
NE.
NW.
w.
1896
W.
NE.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
NE.
w.
1897
NE.
W.
SW.
W.
W.
SW.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
w.
1898
NE.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
SW.
W.
W.
W.
W.
\v.
1899
W.
W.
W.
W.
SW.
SW.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
N.
\v.
1900
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
SW.
W.
W.
W.
NE.
w.
NE.
NE.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
NE.
w.
HIGHEST VELOCITY OP WIND (MILES PER HOUR) AND DIRECTION.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1877
13 SW.
16 W.
12 W.
24 N.
24 N.
24 NE.
1878
26 NW.
25 W.
20 NE.
25 SW.
16 SW.
15 SW.
15 W.
15 W.
16 W.
14 W.
21 NW.
23 E.
1879
29 E.
17 W.
22 W.
23 W.
21 W.
17 W.
14 W.
14 W.
15 W.
23 W.
24 NW.
27 SE.
1880
21 NE
26 NW
17 N
23 SW.
19 SW.
14 SW.
228.
19 SW.
14 W.
16 SW.
17 NE.
22 NW.
1881
17 SW.
33 NW.
46 SW.
24 S.
19 SW.
20 W.
19 SW.
21 W.
24 W.
24 NW.
43 NE.
26 S.
1882
48 NE.
30 NW.
30 E.
SON.
26 W.
18 W.
18 W.
17 W.
28 W.
28 NW.
20 E.
28 N.
1883
34 E.
28 NW.
22 W.
42 W.
24 E.
21 W.
16 W.
17 W.
20 W.
26 W.
16 W.
28 NW.
1884
24 SW.
40 W.
30 NW.
24 W.
18 W.
20 W.
18 W
20 W.
18 W.
24 NW.
14 NW.
34 NE.
1885
20 NW.
26 NW.
20 W.
28 W.
23 W.
21 NW.
20 W.
22 W.
18 W.
17 W.
26 E.
36 N.
1886
37 W.
29 W.
25 W.
28 SE.
20 W.
17 W.
22 N.
18 W.
16 W.
24 W.
SOW.
20 NW.
1887
24 NW.
32 NW.
18 W.
37 W.
30 NW.
20 W.
20 W.
18 W.
23 W.
34 NE.
18 W.
37 E.
1888
33 N.
23 NE.
30 E.
28 W.
24 W.
19 W.
21 W.
18 W.
23 W.
18 SW.
18 NE.
26 E.
1889
17 N.
24 W.
24E
24 NW.
23 W.
14 SW
14 W.
13 W.
15 W.
20 E.
22 N.
20 E.
1890 .. .
17 E.
18 W.
24 NW.
19 NW.
15 W.
18 W.
13 W.
14 W.
15 S.
15 W.
14 W.
18 W.
1891
19 NW.
24 E.
24 W.
16 E.
18 W
16 W.
15 W.
13 W.
20 NW.
16 W.
12 W.
28 N.
1892
17 E.
17 E.
21 W.
23 W.
20 W.
24 W.
13 W.
13 SW.
14 W.
16 SW.
21 N.
24 NE.
1893
23 E.
28 N.
24 E.
28 N.
14 W.
14 W.
14 W.
16 W.
13 W.
17 E.
18 E.
25 E.
1894
14 W.
25 NW.
SON.
24 NW.
18 W.
18 W.
15 W.
17 SE.
18 W.
13 W.
12 W.
23 W.
1895..
18 SW.
19 NW.
20 NW.
26 NW.
26 W.
15 W.
14 W.
12 W.
14 NW.
14 W.
12 E.
18 E.
1896
20 NW
22 NW
21 NW
24 W
15 W.
13 SW.
15 W.
15 W.
15 W.
24 \V.
20 NW.
16 E.
1897 . ...
34 E.
24 SW.
22 NW.
24 W.
20 N.
20 SW.
15 W.
15 W.
158.
20 NW.
16 W.
24 NW.
1898
24 E
17 W
24 NW
20 W.
15 W.
15 W.
15 W.
13 SW.
17 W.
20 W.
24 NE.
22 NW.
1899
30 E.
20 SW.
24 SW.
20 SW.
23 NW.
15 SW.
16 W.
13 W.
12 W.
20 SW.
16 NW.
16 NW.
1900.
23 NW
18 N.
14 W.
22 W.
22 W.
14 SW.
17 W.
15 W.
18 S.
21 W.
20 SE.
14 NW.
CLIMATE OF SOUTHERN COAST.
AVERAGE DAILY WIND MOVEMENT (MILES PER HOUR).
79
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Xov.
Dec.
1877
104
94
108
Ill
112
120
1878
126
141
119
114
112
105
106
98
101
92
110
126
1879
133
193
104
127
135
119
106
99
92
114
1U2
109
1880
104
128
117
136
113
106
109
102
90
78
64
78
1881
105
159
136
126
140
141
137
128
131
124
175
132
1882 . ..
152
139
143
93
125
138
134
131
130
138
131
141
1883
178
161
124
171
157
130
131
127
126
147
133
142
1884
167
189
183
150
130
128
102
119
119
120
110
140
1886
136
135
115
144
103
125
102
100
85
81
157
159
1886
169
143
147
151
138
126
130
121
112
132
149
118
1887
142
189
123
136
152
148
128
130
125
136
122
154
1888
142
121
149
138
138
136
133
124
117
110
71
87
1889
76
86
96
88
100
88
83
82
87
93
87
96
1890
95
85
100
83
86
91
81
84
77
75
90
-
1891
97
117
98
91
94
91
84
83
84
67
66
113
1892
77
78
92
98
95
93
82
79
73
74
75
89
1898
77
95
102
101
H
--
90
87
90
84
79
86
1894
81
100
101
101
99
105
85
88
83
68
49
86
1895
92
81
86
91
95
89
77
68
79
74
73
82
1896
84
--
90
111
98
83
88
85
97
--
94
87
1897
110
125
128
110
101
112
106
103
101
94
--
94
1898
117
92
121
113
111
104
107
100
91
80
91
97
1899
85
107
121
113
110
107
102
100
84
106
86
81
1900
76
92
90
120
116
113
120
113
111
98
99
88
Average
114
124
116
118
115
111
106
102
100
99
100
108
AVERAGE HOURLY WIND VELOCITY (MILES PER HOUR).
1885
5.7
5.6
4.8
6.0
4.3
5.2
4.2
4.1
3.6
3.4
6.5
6.6
1886
7.0
6.0
6.1
6.3
5.8
5.3
5.4
5.1
4.7
5.5
6.2
4.9
1887
5.9
7.9
5.1
5.6
6.3
6.2
5.3
5.4
5.2
5.7
5.1
6.4
1888
5.9
5.0
6.2
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.2
4.9
4.6
2.9
3.6
1889
3.2
3.6
4.0
3.6
4.1
3.7
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.9
3.6
4.0
1890 . . .
4.0
3.5
4.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
3.4
3.5
3.2
3.1
3.7
3.7
1891
4 1
4.9
4.1
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.5
2.8
2.8
4.7
1892
3.2
3.2
3.8
4.1
3.9
3.9
3.4
3.3
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.7
1893
3.2
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.1
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.6
1894
3.4
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.4
3.5
3.6
3.5
> 8
2.1
3.6
1895
3.9
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
3.7
3.2
2.8
3.3
3.1
3.1
3.4
1896
3 5
3.6
3.8
4.6
4.1
3.4
3.6
3.6
4.0
3.7
3.9
3.6
1897
4.6
5.2
5.3
4.6
4.2
4.7
4.4
4.3
4.2
3.9
3.7
3.9
1898
4.9
3.9
5.1
4.7
4.6
4.3
4.5
4.2
3.8
3.3
3.8
4.0
1899
3.6
4.5
5.1
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.3
4.2
3.5
4.4
3.6
3.4
1900
3.2
3.8
3.8
5.0
4.8
4.7
5.0
4.7
4.6
4.1
4.1
3.7
Average
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.8
4.2
80
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFOKNIA.
MONTHLY, SEASONAL, AND ANNUAL SUMMARIES.
Temperature.
Mean.
Precipitation.
II
**
11
January . . .
February . .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November .
December .
Annual
Winter ....
Spring
Summer . . .
Fall . .
1900
1886
1885
1885
1885
1883
1891
1885
1888
1890
1900
1890
1890
1880
1880
1896
1899
1894
1880
1900
1880
1886
1880
1891
87
88
99
99
103
105
109
106
108
102
96
89
1896
1896
1879
1898
1896
1890
1891
1885
1885
1885
1890
1897
1883
1883
1893
1896
1883
1894
1888
1883
1880
1892
1886
1897
2.80
2.82
2.72
1.10
0.51
0.10
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.81
1.47
3.28
15.71
7.83
13.37
12.36
5.06
2.06
1.39
0.24
0.61
0.73
6.95
6.53
15.80
1890
1884
1884
1880
1892
1884
1886
1889
1894
1889
1900
1889
0.20
T.
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
1887
1896
1885
1897
1886
1897
4.17
3.94
3.18
2.20
1.76
0.87
0.24
0.61
0.71
3.62
3.79
4.34
1890
1887
1884
1884
1892
1884
.1886
1889
1894
1889
1900
1879
January ...
February ..
March '.
April
May
June
July
August
September .
October
November .
December. .
Year
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall . .
Mean number of days
Winds.
Clear.
Partly
cloudy.
16
13
12
12
10
10
12
14
16
16
18
17
166
46
34
36
50
Cloudy.
9
9
12
12
15
17
18
16
13
12
9
9
151
27
39
51
34
0.01 Pre-
inch or vailing
more
rain.
direc-
tion.
N.E.
N.E.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
VV.
W.
W.
N.E.
W.
N.E.
W.
W.
W.
High-
est ve-
locity.
Direc-
tion.
N.E.
W.
S. W.
W.
N.W.
W.
N.
\V.
W.
W.
N.E.
E.
Daily
move-
Year. ment,
miles
p. h.
1882
1884
1881
1883
1887
1892
1886
1895
1882
1887
1881
1887
114
124
116
118
115
111
106
102
100
99
100
108
Aver-
Hourly age rel-
move- ative
ment. humid-
ity.
4.3
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.8
4.2
71
67
73
74
69
CLIMATE OF SODTHEBN COAST. 81
SAN DIEGO, CAL.
By Mr. FORD A. CARPENTER, Observer, Weather Bureau.
Four elements enter into a consideration of the climate of San Diego. Named according to
their importance, they are as follows: (1) Distance from the northern storm tracks, and the
southern storms of the lower California coast; (2) proximity to the ocean on the west; (3) the
mountains in the east; and (4) the great Colorado Desert still farther east. The number of the
northern areas of low pressure sufficiently great and moving far enough south to exert an influ-
ence at the latitude of San Diego are comparatively few; not one-tenth of these '"lows" have an
appreciable effect on the climate. The storms from the south (" Sonoras,'' as they are locally
known) have but little energy, and probably average two a year. As is the case in all marine
climates, the ocean exerts by far the most powerful effect. This is noticed in the slight daily
variation in temperature and the absence of either cold or hot weather. The average daily
change in temperature from day to day is 2"degrees, and the extremes in temperature from a
record of thirty years are 101 and 32. The temperature has exceeded 90 nineteen times in
thirty years, or on an average of about twice every three years. Four times in the history of
the station has the temperature touched 32 C , but has never fallen lower. Four killing frosts
have occurred in San Diego since the establishment of the station, but aside from blackening
tender shoots and killing delicate flowers, no damage was done.
The desert winds are responsible for temperatures above 90, and they are therefore accom-
panied by extremely low humidity. Records of humidity below 10 per cent are not uncommon
during the two or three hours' duration of the desert wind. Three per cent is the lowest relative
humidity ever recorded at this station. As the sea breeze is stronger than the desert wind, the
highest point reached, whenever the temperature is above 90, usually occurs about 11 a. m. At
this time the sea breeze overcomes the land breeze and the temperature drops to the normal.
Nothing so clearly illustrates the strictly local character of the climate of San Diego as the
humidity. While the mean annual relative humidity is 78 per cent at the Weather Bureau
station, 2 miles north and at an increase of 200 feet in elevation, the humidity decreases 15 per
cent. Five miles away, and at an elevation of 300 feet, there is a further decrease of 5 per cent.
The temperature is of course proportionately higher.
The maximum amount of sunshine occurs in November and the minimum in May and June,
the winters being usually bright and warm and the summers cloudy and cool. The photographic
sunshine recorder was installed in 1890, and this ten years' record shows an average of four days
each year without sunshine.
There is a difference of about 1 mile an hour in the average hourly velocity of the wind
between the summer and the winter months: the mean annual hourly velocity is 5 miles. While
the wind blows from every point of the compass during a normal day. the land breeze is very
light, averaging about 3 miles per hour, reaching its lowest velocity just before the sea breeze
starts in. The records show that there is an average velocity of from 6 to 9 miles from 10 a. m.
to 6 p. m. During the summer a velocity of 6 miles is attained at 9 a. m., increasing to 10 miles
at 2 p. m., reaching 6 miles at 7 p. m. The winter months have about five hours of wind over 6
miles, beginning shortly after noon. Winds from 25 to 30 miles per hour occur infrequently,
the average annual number being two. Winds of from 31 to 40 miles have an average of less than
one a year. The highest velocity ever attained was 40 miles from the northwest, in February, 1878.
The record of meteorological observations began in July, 1849, and was made entirely by
officials of the Government. The Army and Coast Survey kept up the record until the estab-
lishment of this station by the Signal Service, November 1, 1871. Since this date the location
of the observing office has been changed a number of times, but the different places have all been
within a radius of a few blocks. The office is now in the Keating building, corner Fifth and F
streets. The instruments have elevations as follows: Thermometer. 94 feet; rain gauge. 86 feet;
anemometer. 102 feet.
1176 Bull. L 03 6
82
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MEAN MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TKMPERATUKK (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1852
53.1
55.9
55.0
57.6
61.2
67.1
73.2
72.5
73.6
65.0
57.3
51.9
62.0
1853
53.8
53.0
57.7
62.6
63.3
68.4
72.8
72.9
70.7
68.8
60.4
56.2
63.4
1854
5'l.2
55.0
56.4
63.3
60.7
64.1
73.1
72.1
66.7
64.0
68.7
55.5
62.0
1855
52.6
56.2
58.4
62.3
64.0
68.8
70.9
72.0
68.3
66.6
66.4
52.4
62 4
1856
51.0
53.5
56.2
60.0
61.0
68.6
72.3
72.5
68.8
61.6
56.2
50.0
61.0
1857
52.4
53.6
58.8
62.6
64.4
69.1
67.3
72.8
68.4
63.9
57.2
51.8
61.9
1858
51.2
56.0
55.1
57.8
62.8
66.5
69.2
69.8
69.6
63.5
58.6
53.1
61.1
1859
54.5
54.8
55.3
56.2
60.1
C7.0
69.7
68.4
66.6
65.1
60.1
55.3
61.1
I860
51.4
53.9
59.0
60.4
61.9
64.5
68.8
70.8
69.1
63.6
56.9
55.2
61.3
1861
51.4
56.5
67.7
63.8
65.7
67.6
73.1
72.3
69.3
64.6
59.8
58.1
63 3
1862
55.6
51.8
66.8
59.4
62.7
68.2
71.2
72.9
69.4
65.8
60.4
55.4
62.5
1868
52.8
52 8
59.9
61.0
62.6
64.6
68.0
68.1
68.9
65.7
59.0
65 8
61 6
1864
56.0
66.2
58.6
61.8
65.2
69.0
69.7
75.1
69.2
64.6
59.1
56.5
63.4
1865
55.6
54 7
57.8
59.8
64.3
65.7
67.7
71.8
68 2
65.2
62.1
52 2
62 1
1866
54.5
57.0
57.9
62.7
60.5
66.6
69.7
73.1
69.6
65.0
60.4
68.6
63.0
1867
55.2
53 2
55.4
61.7
63.6
69.1
70.5
74.5
71.7
64.0
63.2
63 3
63 8
1868
54.5
56.5
57.4
61.3
62.3
65.7
69.4
74.1
72.2
66.1
62.1
55.4
63.1
1869
56.6
65 6
59.8
62.1
62.2
64 4
68.8
70.3
68.3
66.3
61.1
50 6
62 2
1870
55.6
57.5
56.3
58.8
61.4
64.6
68.3
70.5
66.9
63.6
59.4
51.4
61.2
1871
53.5
52 2
66.7
57 7
63 6
65 1
71.4
72 1
68 3
65 6
58 3
56 8
61 8
1872
52.7
55 2
56.4
66.0
60.4
64.9
66.6
68.9
66.0
62.5
59.4
55.4
60.4
187S
56.7
53 3
56 7
58
60
62 7
67.0
69
67 7
62
60 3
54 3
60
1874
54.7
52 6
62.6
56.2
60.5
63.2
68.3
68.1
65.7
63.2
56.7
53.3
69 6
1875
53.4
54 6
56
67 8
62 6
64 6
68 3
71 2
67 7
67 2
60 3
56 9
61 6
1876
51.9
55.9
54.9
59.0
60 9
65.2
68.3
68.8
66.3
64.6
59.4
66 8
61.0
1877
57.4
57 9
58 9
58 3
60 3
66 3
68 4
68 4
68
63 9
60 6
56 8
62 1
1878 . .
55.6
56
56.7
68.1
61 5
64.1
66.8
68.3
67.3
62.0
57 5
53 5
60 6
1879
52.3
54.8
67.9
53.1
00.1
64.1
65.7
68.6
66.6
62.6
56.2
53.9
60.1
1880
62.5
50 8
52.1
56 5
60 6
63
63 4
65 8
63 1
61 2
56 2
56 9
58 5
1881
52.8
55.7
54.3
60.8
62.3
64.1
67.2
68.2
66.7
61.5
66.8
55
60 4
1882 .
50.4
61 2
55.1
56 6
61 9
64 3
66.7
70 2
66 8
62
57
55 7
59 8
1883
53.4
53.9
57.4
57.4
60.6
66.6
68.7
68.9
69.7
61 7
68.7
67 5
61 2
1884
65.0
55 9
56 5
57 6
61 4
64 4
68 4
69 5
65 1
61 3
58 6
54 4
60 7
1885
64.0
55.4
59.6
62.0
63.3
64 3
67.6
71.8
68
63.9
59 6
57 1
62
1886
55.9
58 5
55
57 2
60 4
63 1
67 1
70.5
66 6
59 7
56
56
GO 5
1887
54.3
52.9
57.2
59.0
62.1
64 6
66.5
66.2
65 7
64.6
59 2
64 6
60 6
1888.. .
51.6
54 9
55 8
60 8
61 2
66
68 4
69 2
69 7
65
59 9
58 2
61 7
1889
54.8
58.0
59.2
60 4
60 8
64
67 6
70 8
70 2
65 4
62
57 4
62 6
1890. . .
51.0
54 3
56 4
58 6
60 4
64 1
68 5
69 8
69 1
64 6
63 8
60 8
61 8
1891
54.6
53.3
66.9
58 2
60 8
65 6
69
72 4
70 2
63 8
59 2
61 5
62
1892.
55.1
55
56
57 8
61
62
64 9
67 8
66 4
62 7
60 9
54 2
60 '*
1893
57.4
54 4
54.2
57 5
61
63 4
67 4
70
64 6
62 7
57 6
57 4
60 6
1894
49 5
50 5
52 6
56 4
58 6
61 4
64 8
67
65 9
62 8
57 1
54 8
58 4
1896
53.2
65 8
55 4
57 8
61 9
65
65 6
61 7
67 4
64 4
59 4
55
60 5
1896
65 5
67 7
58 2
56 5
6
64 8
68 6
69 4
66 7
64 2
59 7
59
61 9
1897
55.8
54 7
54 2
59 8
60 9
63 4
67
69 9
68 1
62 4
60 2
55
61
1898
50 8
55 2
54 5
59 1
58 8
63 8
66 7
70 6
68 5
62 3
59 4
56 6
60 5
1899
55.5
53 4
56 4
58 2
57 7
61 4
66 6
65 8
65 5
62 7
GO 8
58 7
60 1
1900
57.8
57 6
59.2
56 8
60 9
64 4
67.6
66 2
65 6
63 1
64 6
60 4
62
1901
66.2
57.5
60.0
57.4
60.0
62.5
65.8
68.2
64.8
Mean (50 years)
53 9
54 8
56 5
59 1
61 6
65 1
67 2
70
68
63 9
59 2
55 6
61 4
CLIMATE OF SOUTHERN COAST.
MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURES.
83
Ja
n.
R
b.
M
ar.
A
E>r-
Ml
IT-
Ju
ne.
Ju
iy.
Ai
W.
Se
pt.
O
:t.
N<
)T.
D.
x.
E
=
=
g
~
S'
r
a
s
g
j
S
d
,
H
=
a
s
S
=
z
~
z
z
"Z
-
^
-
Z
a
-
S
s
B
'K
X
-=
K
=
X
a
X
~K
=
"x
c
"x
"x
x
~
x
5
x
-
~
e
z.
&
^
2
3
7.
tz
3
7.
7.
3
s
7.
ta
~-
~~
2
*z
~
1872
71
17
68
44
71
;;
74
43
5?
80
55
-
H
85
60
80
54
-7
45
81
42
77
40
1873
75
44
77
17
7?
40
H
4'
78
V
75
58
60
78
61
8?
55
76
49
85
49
68
44
1874
71
4?
64
4]
61
;
71
43
74
50
76
5?
79
59
83
56
78
54
90
46
75
45
8*
39
1875
68
4?
70
44
71
19
77
19
8-
TO
77
51
79
61
81
61
88
57
88
51
7ft
50
7=>
38
1876
65
19
77
19
jg
43
87
43
76
50
88
51
78
60
81
60
82
<>4
80
48
79
43
77
45
1877.
78
4?
75
4.S
70
-
67
44
68
il
94
55
86
59
8?
58
91
58
71
47
78
46
78
40
1878
68
V
69
44
68
:
77
^|
7S
48
76
51
77
56
80
55
100
51
87
44
77
40
79
35
1879
76
15
74
18
99
44
-
45
94
47
91
V
78
58
81
54
92
54
qo
46
79
43
71
32
1880
7i
1?
61
15
69
<W
80
42
84
46
71
5?
71
54
84
56
50
81
48
78
40
77
40
1881
70
16
82
19
JJ
40
ff>
51
7>
51
76
51
80
=>7
82
56
86
5?
72
46
76
38
77
39
1882. .
54
34
70
17
79
19
70
41
71
48
75
55
78
17
81
6*>
80
50
81
49
80
42
78
41
1883
76
1*>
83
16
71
48
85
42
89
45
81
56
80
59
84
60
101
59
80
48
ff
43
78
42
1884
78
19
79
1
68
41
69
45
7?
47
Rl
50
Rl
51
f>
5(
78
51
87
47
74
42
68
36
1885
68
18
76
40
81
4?
81
47
71
5?
74
5?
8?
58
89
6?
10
56
88
47
76
42
79
40
1886
74
IT
80
44
68
41
71
45
77
50
75
54
81
57
82
61
78
60
47
77
40
76
40
1887
74
18
76
18
8?
44
80
44
79
48
78
54
79
60
77
54
79
58
85
50
8?
44
74
36
1888
64
Tt
67
4?
77
41
91
47
70
V
76
54
77
55
82
V7
82
58
80
53
75
46
71
44
"1889
--
36
85
17
NO
45
R1
47
80
50
7?
56
84
59
89
6 1 '
91
54
80
52
81
46
69
40
1890
66
15
77
18
74
41
85
45
75
46
91
51
80
56
89
58
81
60
90
49
91
46
"
79
47
1891
76
15
70
14
76
41
77
44
67
51
78
51
88
58
85
60
89
55
84
50
8->
ft
32
1892 .
7:
'18
68
4?
71
44
80
41
87
47
75
51
75
57
80
57
80
54
81
46
84
71
36
1893
80
3S
40
75
40
78
41
88
49
75
53
79
57
81
59
77
51
88
50
"
ft'
38
1894
69
T
69
14
7?
16
81
41
7?
45
71
50
77
57
55
90
5?
87
45
45
70
41
1895
77
16
-
19
74
38
81
44
80
51
77
51
74
57
78
51
90
54
84
'.;
85
38
79
34
1896
--
19
83
19
85
41
74
42
98
48
89
54
80
56
88
59
54
79
-
76
43
7R
46
1897
71
40
76
1R
70
40
88
46
67
50
70
54
79
59
89
60
83
58
76
51
81
45
80
36
1898
7-
36
75
4?
77
18
86
45
69
51
88
54
77
60
81
61
91
81
5]
76
41
79
43
1899
-;
41
76
34
86
44
91
46
66
48
70
55
m
57
76
58
92
55
93
;-
81
50
80
45
1900. .
79
46
7fi
45
80
46
67
45
75
49
87
56
84
60
80
59
87
51
7?
50
89
51
79
44
1901
40
81
41
8?
47
66
46
67
51
86
5.1
74
57
79
58
7?
56
[From 1875 to 1900, 9,496 days, there were 9,181 days of temperature not above 80 nor below 40.]
84
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
FIG. 10. Seasonal rainfall at San Diego, Cal., from 1850 to 1901.
CLIMATE OF SOUTHERN COAST.
85
MEAN MONTHLY RELATIVE HUMIDITY (PER CENT).
[Record began January 1, 1S71.]
Month.
A.M.
P.M.
Aver-
age.
Month.
A. M.
I'. M.
Aver-
age.
Month.
A.M.
P.M.
Aver-
age.
74.9
74.0
74.4
May
82.5
74.8
78.6
September
84.7
78.0
81.5
77 6
73 5
75 6
83 8
75 2
79.5
October . .
81.3
76.2
78.8
March
81.2
73 9
77.6
July
85 9
76.4
81.2
November
72.4
72.8
72.6
April
82.2
73.4
77.8
August
85.4
76.4
80.9
December
73.2
72.9
73.0
NUMBER OF HIGH WINDS IN TWENTY-EIGHT YEARS.
[Record began January 1, 1873.]
Month.
Velocity.
Month.
Velocity.
Month.
Velocity.
J5to30
mile*.
21 to 40
miles.
25 to 30
miles.
21 to 40
miles.
25 to 30
miles.
21 to 40
miles.
o
8
9
8
2
11
9
-
5
j
3
1
1
3
1
|>
2
1
1
November
5
10
3
5
July
December
March
August
2
2
April
September
May
October
SUMMARY OF MONTHLY MEANS AND EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE.
Highest
monthly mean.
monftlTSean. Absolute maximum.
Absolute minimum.
Mean of
Mean of
Greatest Mean
Mean
threeeon
threecon-
Month.
t
dailv daily
varia-
secutive
secutive
Tem-
Tem-
Tem-
Tem-
range.
range.
bility.
warmest
coldest
pera-
Date.
pera-
Date.
pera- Date.
pera-
Date.
days.
days.
ture.
ture.
ture.
ture.
57.8
1900
49.5
1894
80.0
2,1893
32.0
131,1880
35.0
16.9
2.4
65.7
40.2
February
58.5
1886
50.5
1894
85.0
12,1889
34.0
10-11,1894 37.0
13.7
2.1
69.2
41.9
16,1880 1
March ! 59.9
1863
52.1
1880
99.0
29,1879
38.0
\ 43.0
14.2
2.3
71.3
44.3
14,1898
1
April 63.8
1861
51.7 1901 93.0
12,1888
39.0
7,1875
40.0
14.2
2.2
74.3
50.5
Mav *s 7
1861
57. 7 1899
98.0
25,1896
39.0
7,1875
36.0
12.2
1.6
72.1
52.6
69.1
1857
1867
| 61.4
r 1894
1 1899
1 94.0
10,1877
50.0
f 14,1884
{ 13, 1894
35.0
12.1
1.9
75.8
55.4
July 73 '
1852
63.4
1880
88.0
25,1891
54.0
16,1894
24
11.6
1.7
78.0
59.5
75.1
1864
65.8
J 1880
t 1889
| 92.0
15,1884
54.0
29,1879
28.0
11.4
1.7
81.1
60.8
September ' 73. 6
1852
63.1 ; 1880
101.0
22,1883
50.0
18,1882
35.0
13.0
2.0
82.9
57.0
October 58- s
1853
59.7 i 1886
92.0
26-28, 1879
44.0 | '.".
37.0
14.1
1.8
79.0
49.8
November
64.6
1900
56.0
1886
91.0
4,1890
38.0
f 8,1881
{ 24, 1895
38.0
17.7
2.3
75.6
44.9
December ; 63.3
1867
50.0
1856
82.0
6,1874
32.0
25,1879
40.0
16.2
1.9
75.6
42.8
Annual . 53. g
1867
58.4
1894
101.0
Sept. 22, 1883
32.0
(Jan. 31,1880
JDec. 25,1879
43.0
13.9
2.0
82. i
40.2
< Also, 21st, 1883; 7th, 1894.
WEATHER.
Month.
Average number of
Month.
Average number of
Clear
days.
Partly
cloudy
days.
Cloudy
days."
Rainy-
days.
Clear
days.
Partly
cloudy
days.
'Cloudy
days.
Rainy
days.
17
13
11
13
9
10
15
8
9
10
10
11
14
12
6
6
10
7
11
6
4
6
8
8
:
3
1
A ugust
12
16
17
18
15
15
11
10
8
10
4
3
4
4
6
2
t
fr
February
September
October
November
Mav
December
June
A
165
129
71
41
July
86
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MONTHLY, SEASONAL, AND ANNUAL PHECIPITATION IN INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
Season
of
Seasonal.
1850
0.00
1.13
1.00
0.09
0.00
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.19
2.82
1.93
7.84
1849-50
1851
0.03
1.51
0.34
0.87
0.71
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.25
3.74
7.49
1850-51
8.41
1852
0.58
1.84
1.87
0.85
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.00
0.06
1.45
4.50
11.87
1851-52
9.88
1853
0.50
0.20
1.52
0.25
2.10
0.05
0.00
0.21
0.00
0.00
1.28
1.77
7.88
1852-53
10.84
1854
0.99
2.56
1.88
0.89
0.18
0.01
0.07
1.36
0.09
0.27
0.04
3.29
11.63
1853-54
10.99
1855
1.97
3.59
1.30
1.52
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.11
2.15
0.41
11.15
1854-55
12.17
1856
1.27
1.86
1.59
2.17
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.00
1.22
1.30
9.77
1855-56
9.85
1857
0.26
1.76
0.00
0.04
0.08
0.03
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.49
2.16
1.30
6.15
1856-57
4.78
1858
1.52
0.44
1.24
0.17
0.00
0.19
0.00
0.04
0.10
0.47
0.28
3.10
7.55
1857-58
7.56
1859
0.00
1.89
0.20
0.36
0.17
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.18
1.49
1.79
6.10
1858-59
6.59
1860 ,
0.72
1.49
0.15
0.65
0.04
0.05
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.88
2.99
9.11
1859-60
6.70
1861
0.82
0.79
0.05
0.04
0.00
0.19
0.00
0.00
1.59
0.05
1.19
3.20
7.92
1860-61
7.76
1862
5.56
1.39
0.97
1.05
0. Ifi
0.48
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.89
0.05
0.93
11.59
1861-62
15. 75
1863
0.32
1.09
0.33
0.13
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.36
0.00
0.73
0.04
3.02
1862-63
3.76
1864
0.04
2.50
0.20
0.01
1.25
0.01
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.04
2.41
1.04
7.61
1863-64
5.26
1865
1.28
3.00
0.00
0.56
0.00
0.01
1.29
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.52
0.84
7.52
1864-65
9.63
1866
5.05
3.43
1.47
0.11
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.24
1.82
12.31
1865-66
11.63
1867. .
2.32
0.85
7.88
0.48
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.34
0.45
3.06
15.72
1866-67
13.93
1868
3.C7
1.63
0.73
1.20
0.15
0.00
0.51
0.00
0.05
0.00
2.00
1.52
11.16
1867-68
11.44
1869. .
2.88
1.88
1.98
0.53
0.33
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.05
2.32
0.94
10.96
1868-69
11.22
1870
0.54
0.77
0.33
0.20
0.28
0.00
0.04
0.07
0.00
1.54
0.18
0.42
4.37
1869-70
5.54
1871
0.52
1.35
0.01
0.70
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.33
1.39
5.64
1870-71
5.06
1872
0.99
2.63
0.46
O.C6
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.40
6.04
1871-72
7.36
1873
0.44
4.15
0.11
0.10
0.03
o.co
0.00
1.95
0.00
0.00
0.77
5.46
13.01
1872-73
8.18
1874
3.11
3.73
1.20
O.C4
0.34
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.11
0.53
0.88
0.55
10.91
1873-74
15.07
1875
2.38
0.37
0.45
0.12
0.20
0.02
0.00
0.21
0.39
0.00
2.25
0.41
6.80
1874-75
5.82
1876
2.47
2.44
1.78
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.03
0.06
0.03
0.08
0.04
0.15
7.24
1875-76
9.99
1877
1.05
0.18
1.44
0.26
0.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.81
O.Oti
3.89
8.12
1876-77
3.66
1878
1.45
4.83
1.41
2.91
0.58
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.96
0.00
1.57
13.87
1877-78
16.10
1879
3.54
1.04
0.10
0.60
T.
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.29
2.77
6.30
14.71
1878-79
7.88
1880
0.61
1.50
1.43
1.34
0.06
0.06
0.09
0.32
0.00
0.53
0.28
4.15
10.37
1879-80
14.77
1881.
0.52
0.45
1.88
1.35
0.04
0.05
0.00
0.01
0.04
0.24
0.12
0.30
5.00
1880-81
9.26
1882
4.53
2.55
1.02
0.45
0.18
0.07
0.00
T.
0.01
0.41
0.39
0.13
9.74
1881-82
9.50
1883
1.09
0.96
0.41
0.31
1.14
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.01
0.20
1.82
8.01
1882-83
4.92
1884
1.34
9.05
6.23
2.84
2.17
0.31
0.00
T.
0.07
0.35
0.11
5.12
27.59
1883-84
25.97
1885
0.35
0.02
0.78
1.20
0.61
0.06
T.
0.13
T.
0.31
1.56
0.71
5.73
1884-85
8.80
1886
6.95
1.51
O "7O
1.95
0.04
0.07
T.
T.
0.00
0.05
0.95
0.10
15.35
1885-86
16.83
1887
0.04
4.51
0.02
2.14
0.47
0.04
0.01
T.
T.
T.
2.08
1.14
10.45
1886-87
8.33
1888
1.96
1.48
2.79
0.10
0.22
0.04
0.01
T.
0.04
0.26
1.83
2.84
11.57
1887-88
9.82
1889
1.72
1.80
2.20
0.19
0.03
0.10
T.
0.04
T.
2.12
0.12
7.71
16.03
1888-89
11.05
1890
2.79
1.70
0.41
0.05
0.08
0.00
0.00
T.
0.65
0.01
0.72
1.61
8.02
1889-90
14.98
1891
1.21
4.84
0.27
0.76
0.35
0.05
T.
0.00
0.08
0.04
T.
1.29
8.99
1890-91
10.47
1892
1.58
2.96
0.96
0.41
1.15
0.13
0.00
0.05
T.
0.22
0.94
0.69
9.09
1891-92
8.65
1893
0.78
0.47
5.50
0.22
0.39
T.
T.
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.91
1.91
10.29
1892-93
9.21
1894
0.29
0.49
1.05
0.11
0.09
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.01
T.
0.00
2.26
4.35
1893-94
5.01
1895
7.33
0.53
1.43
0.11
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.27
1.19
0.27
11.33
1894-95
11.86
1896
1.27
0.02
2.89
0.25
0.03
0.01
T.
0.13
T.
0.97
0.98
2,18
8.73
1895-96
6.34
1897
3.13
2.72
1.53
0.02
0.12
T.
0.01
T.
T.
1.06
0.02
0.32
8.93
1896-97
11.66
1898
1.71
0.06
0.91
0.22
0.66
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.15
0.87
4.67
1897-98
4.98
1899
2.34
0.30
0.85
0.29
0.10
0.27
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.35
0.86
0.65
6.08
1898-99
5.31
1900 . .
0.69
0.03
0.53
1.26
1.45
0.08
0.00
T.
T.
0.30
1.43
0.00
1899-00
5.90
1901
2 08
4.77
1.07
0.01
0.77
0.02
T.
T.
0.06
0.28
0,41
0.02
9.49
1900-01
10 45
1.75
1.91
1.37
0.64
0.34
0.07
0.05
0.11
0.07
0.33
0.96
1.97
9.52
CLIMATE OF SOUTHERN COAST.
87
MONTHLY EXTREMES OF PRECIPITATION.
Month.
Greatest monthly
precipitation.
Least monthly
precipitation.
Number
of times
precipita-
tion has
exceeded
normal in
50 years.
Month.
Greatest monthly
precipitation.
Least monthly
precipitation.
Number
of times
precipita-
tion has
exceeded
normal in
50 years.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount. Date.
Amount.
Date.
Jnnnnry . ,
Inehft.
7.33
9.05
7.88
2.91
2.17
0.68
1895
1884
1867
1878
1884
1850
Inchet.
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
01850
<>1885
<"1857
01864
a!850
1852
16
17
17
14
10
July
Inchet.
1.29
1.95
1.69
2.12
2.88
7.71
1865
1873
1861
1889
1860
1889
Inchet.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
ol850
ol850
ol850
01853
01872
01900
8
10
7
15
20
16
F*hniary .
March
April
October
Mav
JoAQ
a Also in other years.
GRKATEBT PRECIPITATION, IN INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS, IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS.
; '
Febru-
ary.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
August.
tember.
Octo-
ber.
Novem-
ber.
Decem-
ber.
Greatest
annual.
1872 0.53
1.12
0.29
0.15
0.10
00
00
09
00
00
00
53
1 12
1873 20
1 25
05
10
02
00
00
1 80
00
00
54
*> 52
1 80
1874 1.35
1.24
0.28
0.33
0.21
00
09
00
10
18
31
55
1 35
1875 95
35
30
11
08
02
00
fl 21
29
00
52
32
95
1870 0.55
1 53
0.80
05
05
05
03
06
03
06
03
10
1 53
1877 0.41
0.18
0.52
0.16
0.20
0.00
00
00
00
0.78
0.06
1 09
1 09
1878 55
1 11
36
82
28
07
00
00
00
'.*',
00
58
96
1879. . . i 1. 53
0.80
0.05
0.17
0.00
07
00
00
00
16
2.75
2 56
2.75
1880 0.31
0.82
0.44
0.38
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.28
0.00
0.48
0.17
1 29
1 29
1881.. " .so
0.18
83
0.70
02
05
00
01
04
21
07
19
83
1882 ' 2 W
0.99
0.55
0.13
0.17
0.05
00
00
0.01
0.21
31
11
2.94
1883 98
43
19
18
69
00
00
00
1 82
20
63
1 82
1884 0.92
1.-89
1.71
1.01
1.45
24
00
T
07
23
10
1 66
I 89
1885 0.20
0.01
0.56
0.80
0.54
0.04
T.
0.13
0.00
0.21
0.59
0.48
80
1886 1.76
0.69
1 38
1 20
02
04
m ' wm
T
T
00
05
74
06
1 76
1887 . 0.04
1.96
0.02
0.94
0.44
0.04
0.01
T
T
T.
1.80
0.74
1.96
1888 0.75
66
1 25
C8
15
04
01
T
04
20
60
1 04
1 25
1889.. 67
0.95
1.16
0.14
0.02
10
T
04
T
1 54
08
2.31
2 31
1890 1 32
1 04
35
03
04
00
00
T
37
01
72
1 23
I 32
1891.. . 1 08
1.35
0.17
0.55
34
05
T
00
0.06
02
09
69
1 35
1892 1.25
1.25
0.34
0.41
0.95
0.13
0.00
0.04
T.
0.10
0.82
0.43
L25
1893 0.45
43
> 00
22
22
T
T
00
00
11
81
74
2.00
1894 0.20
0.15
0.65
0.06
0.08
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.01
T
0.00
59
65
1895 2.15
29
70
08
15
00
00
00
01
22
46
15
2 15
1896 0.57
02
1.32
0.12
0.03
0.01
T
09
T
64
,,
1 10
1 32
1897 1 62
1 04
55
02
04
T
01
T
T
67
02
0.17
1 62
1898 .. 0.55
06
0.47
0.09
0.26
02
00
00
06
00
0.11
71
0.71
1899 1 33
24
"
52
28
07
25
00
07
00
20
42
54
1 33
1900. 66
03
48
79
1 35
05
00
T
T
20
52
50
1 35
1901 ' 0.74
2.39
0.53
0.01
0.52
0.02
T.
T
0.06
0.18
0.37
0.01
2.39
Greatest ' 2.94
2.39
2.00
1.20
1.4.T
0.25
09
1 80
37
1.82
2. 75
2.55
2.94
Date 12
8-9
11-1'
14-1 5
1
22
12
--.'..
B
9
27
Jan 12
Year ' 1882
1901
1893
-...
1884
1899
1874
1873
1890
1883
1879
1879
1882
TOTAL NUMBER OF DAYS WITH PRECIPITATION SINCE NOVEMBER 1, 1871.
Janu-
ary.
Febru-
ary.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
August.
Sep-
tember.
Octo-
ber.
Novem-
ber.
Decem-
ber.
19
71
31
35
20
14
22
66
33
30
i!
10
38
82
31
39
"
16
57
35
16
10
43
78
8
8
5
2
B
31
3
11
4
1
17
10
1
2
12
14
2
1
25
36
23
3
4
1
15
42
17
15
10
2
22
62
35
30
20
13
O.OltoO.IO
0.11 to 25
0.26to0.50
51 to 1 00
Over 1.00 inch . .
88
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
DATES WHEN PRECIPITATION EQUALED OR EXCEEDED 2.50 INCHES IN ANY CONSECUTIVE TWENTY-FOUR HOURS,
LOCAL TIME.
Inches.
December 4, 1873, 10 p. m. 3d, during night 4th 2. 52
November 9, 1879, during a. m. 9th, to 8.10 p. m. 9th 2.75
December 27, 1879, 6 a. in. to 6 a. m. December 28 2. 55
January 12, 1882, 3.50 a. m. to 3 a. m. January 13 j. . . 2. 94
No snow is reported to have fallen at San Diego since the beginning of the record of
observations in 1850.
Maximum rate of rainfall from recording rain gauge; record since 1893: December 28, 1896,
in one minute, 0.19; in five minutes, 0.32; in ten minutes, 0.47; in one hour, 0.79.
HIGHEST WIND VELOCITY, DIRECTION, AND DATE FOR EACH MONTH DURING THE PAST TWENTY-SEVEN YEARS.
[Record began January 1, 1873.]
Months.
Velocity.
Direc-
tion.
Day and
year.
Months.
Velocity.
Direc-
tion.
Day and
year.
37
(a)
al873
July
30
NW
2 1881
40
NW
a!878
24
W
bjg 1885
37
(a)
ol876
September
28
NW.
7 1881
April
39
(a)
ol877
October
32
NW
29 1877
May
28
(a)
ol877
November
32
NW
< 12 1877
24
sw.
11,1886
December
36
NW
rf2 1887
("Direction and date missing. ("Also on August 25, 29, and 31, 1877. "Also on November 21, 1886. rfAlso, west, on December 23, 1888.
AVERAGE HOURLY WIND VELOCITY (!N MILES PER HOUR).
[Record began January 1, 1873.]
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
A. M.
1
3.8
4.0
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.1
2.7
2.5
2.6
2 7
3 1
3 6
2
3.8
4.1
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.1
2.5
2 3
2 6
2 7
3 2
3
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.0
2.4
2.2
2.6
2 9
3 3
3 9
4
3.9
4.0
3.8
3.5
3.4
3.1
2.4
2 3
2 7
2 8
3 2
6
4.0
4.1
4.0
3.6
3.4
3.2
2.5
2 3
2 7
2 9
3 4
3 9
6
4 1
4.1
4.0
3.6
3 5
3.2
2 6
2 4
'' 7
'2 9
3 5
7
3.9
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.6
3.2
2.6
2 3
2 8
2 9
3 4
8
3 9
4.1
4.0
3.7
3 4
3 2
2 7
2 4
2 7
3 2
3 5
9
3.9
4.1
4.0
3.7
o
3.2
2.8
2 5
2 8
3 1
3 6
10
4
4.2
3 8
3.5
3 6
3 4
3 1
2 6
2 8
3
3 5
11
3.7
4.0
3.7
3.9
4.3
4.1
4.0
3 4
3 2
3
'i 1
12 ( noon )
3 3
3 8
4 3
4 8
5 6
5 6
5 7
5
4 6
Q a
3 1
P. M.
1
3.5
4.7
5.6
7.0
7.8
7.7
7 7
7 1
6 7
5 5
4 4
2
4 5
5 9
7
8 7
9
9 2
9 1
8 9
8 7
7 4
5 8
3
5 9
7.5
8.5
9.9
10
10
10 1
9 9
10
9
7 4
4
7 3
8 8
9 5
10 5
10 5
10 5
10 3
10 3
10 5
9 6
8 7
5
8.0
9.6
10.0
10.6
10 5
10 5
10 4
10 2
10 4
9 g
9 1
6
8 3
9 7
9 9
10 3
10 3
10 1
10
9 8
9 4
7
8 1
9 2
9 4
9.6
9 6
9 4
9 3
9 2
9
8 4
7 6
8
6 7
8
8 5
8 7
8 8
8 6
8 4
8 3
9
4 9
6 1
6 9
7 4
7 6
7 4
7 5
8 3
6 3
4 8
3 9
10
4
4 6
5 1
5 7
6 1
6
6 1
7 1
3 5
11
3 8
4
4 1
4 6
4 9
4 9
4 7
5 4
3 6
3
12 (midnight) . .
3 8
4
3 8
3 8
4 o
3 8
3 6
Average
4 8
5 4
5 6
5 9
6
5 8
5 6
CLIMATE OF SOUTHERN COAST.
NUMBER OP DAYS WITH ONE HOUR OR MORE OP FOG, AND NUMBER OF THUNDERSTORMS IN ELEVEN YEARS.
[Record began January 1, 1890.]
89
'V
Month.
Foggy days. "^
Month.
Foggy days.
Thunder-
storms.
Num-
ber.
Aver-
age.
Num-
ber.
Aver-
age.
Num-
ber.
Aver-
age.
Num-
ber.
Aver-
age.
January
22
17
10
16
3
6
2
1
1
2
1
3
2
3
1
July
6
6
24
26
22
11
3
3
1
2
3
6
i
i
1
February
March
April
May
June
AVERAGE PRESSURE, IN INCHES AND THOUSANDTHS, FOR EACH HOUR OP SEVENTY-FIFTH MERIDIAN TIME.
[Correction applied to reduce to standard gravity, -0.03. A=32 43' N.; .p=117 10* W.; local time 2 b 49" slow. H=87 ft.]
1900. I' a.m.
2
3*
4h
5>-
6"
7
8"
9<>
10" 11'
Noon. 1*
p.m.
29.981
29.918
29.862
29.881
29.885
29.817
29.762
29.832
29.813
29.847
29.890
29.971
0.981
0.920
0.861
0.881
0.885
0.816
0.763
0.832
0.812
0.846
0.891
0.972
0.974
0.917
0.859
0.879
0.882
0.807
0.761
0.830
0.813
0.844
0.889
0.971
0.971
0.913
0.857
0.874
0.876
0.799
0.758
0.827
0.811
0.844
0.887
0.966
0.971
0.910
0.850
0.865
0.869
0.792
0.752
0.819
0.808
0.843
0.884
0.965
0.970
0.907
0.843
0.861
0.864
0.790
0.751
0.815
0.807
0.839
0.881
0.961
0.964
0.903
0.840
0.859
0.865
0.788
0.753
0.816
0.805
0.839
0.876
0.953
0.963
0.905
0.842
0.861
0.865
0.797
0.759
0.823
0.812
0.843
0.879
0.952
0.967
0.914
0.849
0.871
0.874
0.804
0.771
0.834
0.819
0.849
0.885
0.958
0.976 j 0.991
0.921 0.930
0.856 0.868
0.882 0.892
0.884 0.888
0.813 O.S21
0.780 0.785
0.844 0.853
0.827 0.833
0. 858 0. 869
0. 895 0. 905
0. 968 0. 976
0.005
0.937
0.875
0.897
0.891
0.823
0.782
0.861
0.836
0.875
0.915
0.991
0.013
0.940
0.878
0.900
0.891
0.826
0.783
0.859
0.839
0.874
0.918
0.993
April
Mav
July
August
October
29.872
0.872
0.869
0.865
0.861
0.857
0.855
0.858
0.866
0. 875 0. 884
0.891
0.893
1900.
2 k
3>>
4h
B>
6"
7"
&>
9"
10>>
11'
Mid.
Mean.
Mean
max.
Mean
mill.
. "anuary
0.002
0.937
0.872
0.895
0.890
0.825
0.781
0.857
0.832
0.867
0.910
0.982
0.975
0.918
0.857
0.889
0.889
0.821
0.775
0.853
0.822
0.851
0.885
0.954
0.951
0.900
0.845
0.881
0.882
0.814
0.768
0.845
0. 815
0.839
0.870
0.941
0.942
0.884
0.832
0.872
0.872
0.809
0.759
0.836
0.804
0.828
0.859
0.933
0.942
0.876
0.824
0.864
0.864
0.803
0.750
0.826
0.793
0.824
0.854
0.925
0.943
0.875
0.820
0.856
0.858
0.796
0.743
0.819
0.787
0.821
0.853
0.925
0.944
0.878
0.823
0.859
0.854
0.793
0.738
0.813
0.787
0.822
0.856
0.929
0.955
0.888
0.830
0.860
0.854
0.793
0.738
0.814
0.788
0.827
0.865
0.939
0.962
0.897
0.837
0.867
0.860
0.798
0.741
0.816
0.793
0.836
0.873
0.950
0.969
0.903
0.849
0.876
0.868
0.803
0.749
0.821
0.805
0.845
0.879
0.957
0.978
0.910
0.863
0.885
0.876
0.812
0.761
0.827
0.813
0.852
0.886
0.963
0.970
0.908
0.850
0.875
0.874
0.807
0.761
0.832
0.811
0.845
0.883
0.958
0.025
0.972
0.891
0.927
0.910
0.843
0.793
0.867
0.848
0.885
0.928
0.009
0.926
0.849
0.812
0.823
0.838
0.777
0.730
0.800
0.774
O.J09
O.E41
0.913
March
\pril
May ..
June
July
August
November
0.888
0.874
0.863
0.852
0.845
0.841
0.841
0.846
0.852
0.860
0.869
0.861
0.908
0.824
90
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT) EACH HOUR, SEVENTY-FIFTH MERIDIAN TIME.
[h,=94 ft.; local time, 2 h 49'" slow.]
1900. ! l k a. m. 2'
I
31"
4>>
5k 6'
1
7*
8 1 '
9k
10k
11"
Noon.
1' p. m.
January
.56.0
55.0
58.2
56.2
59.6
62.9
65.5
64.5
63.6
61.4
60.8
57.3
55.3
54.4
57.7
55.7
59.0
62.6
65.2
64.2
63.2
60.9
60.7
56.9
54.5
53.7
57.0
54.9
58.5
62.1
65.0
63.9
62.4
60.2
60.4
56.2
54.3
53.3
56.7
54.5
58.1
61.9
64.8
63.9
62.1
60.0
CO. 2
56.0
53.9
52.8
56.2
54.2
57.9
61.8
64.7
63.9
61.5
59.9
59.6
55.1
53.8
52.5
55.8
53.9
57.6
61.6
64.5
63.7
61.2
59.6
59.5
54.7
53.3
52.1
55.6
53.5
57.5
61.2
64.2
63.5
61.1
59.3
59.4
54.4
53.1
52.1
54.7
52.7
56.9
60.6
64.1
63.2
60.8
58.9
59.9
54.4
53.1
62.2
54.5
52.8
56.7
60.7
64.4
63.1
60.9
58.6
58.8
54.4
52.6
52.3
54.9
51.1
57.9
61.5
65.3
63.9
62.1
58.8
59.0
53.9
53.2
54.0
56.7
56.5
59.1
62.6
66.5
65.3
64.7
61.3
61.4
55.0
55.8
57.6
59.5
58.1
00.7
64.0
68.0
66.5
66.6
63.3
64.1
58.7
58.8
60.0
61.4
59.5
62.1
65.7
69.5
68.0
68.7
65.5
67.4
63.2
May
July
Year
60.1
59.6
59.1
58.8
58.5
58.2
57.9
57.6
57.5
58.0
59.7
61.9
64.2
1900.
2*
3k
4h
5k
6*
7 h
8k
9k
10k
Ilk
Mid.
Mean.
Mean
max.
Mean
min.
60.6
62.1
62.4
60.2
62.6
66.4
69.9.
68.4
69.3
66.5
69.5
65.5
62.3
63.4
63.6
60.9
63.7
67.3
70.7
68.6
69.9
67.1
70.0
67.0
62.4
63.3
63.4
60.9
64.3
67.2
70.9
68.7
70.1
67.2
69.6
67.2
62.5
63.6
63.3
60.5
64.5
67.1
70.6
68.8
70.1
67.2
69.9
66.6
62.3
63.2
63.2
60.8
64.4
66.9
70.3
68.6
69.7
66.9
69.5
66.8
61.5
62.4
62.7
60.1
63.8
66.6
69.7
68.0
69.0
66.2
68.7
65.7
60.3
61.3
62.0
59.3
63.8
65.8
69.0
67.5
68.3
65.0
66.7
63.7
59.4
59.8
60.9
58.6
62.8
65.4
68.3
66.4
66.9
64.2
64.9
61.9
58.5
58.6
60.0
57.8
61.6
64.6
67.1
65.4
65.9
63.5
63.7
60.3
57.3
57.0
59.5
57.3
60.7
63.8
66.4
64.9
65.0
62.9
62.8
59.0
56.5
55.9
58.8
56.8
60.2
63.3
66.2
64.6
64.3
62.1
61.9
58.1
57.1
57.2
59.1
57.1
60.6
63.9
CT.l
65.7
65.3
62.8
63.7
59.7
63.7
64.6
64.5
61.7
65.5
68.8
71.7
70.0
71.1
68.3
72.1
68.5
51.8
50.7
54.0
52.0
56.3
60.1
63.5
62.5
60.1
57.9
57.2
52.3
February
April
May
June
July
August
October
December
Year
65.3
66.2
66.3
66.2
66.0
65.4
64.4
63.3
62.2
61.4
60.7
61.6
67.5
56.5
SUNSHINE FOR THE YEARS 1898, 1899, AND 1900.
[N. lat. 32 43'.]
Percentage of sunshine recorded during hours ending (local time)
Total
(hours).
Per-
centage
of pos-
sible.
5k
a.m.
6k
7k
8k
9k
10k
Ilk
Noon.
lk
2k
3k
4 k
5k
6k
7k
8'
1898.
74
46
63
38
31
22
18
36
49
37
81
76
66
51
60
41
35
26
30
33
61
37
80
73
64
65
64
56
44
31
53
67
71
50
88
74
73
68
71
64
56
51
66
84
78
> 71
93
76
75
76
78
71
66
76
77
92
Bfl
89
96
79
70
86
85
76
73
87
91
%
93
93
97
82
7o
87
84
.76
77
87
93
98
96
90
92
80
72
85
85
86
83
84
93
97
95
96
93
84
74
79
81
83
82
86
93
96
95
94
95
80
71
82
75
80
76
80
90
98
94
89
94
76
60
75
70
74
72
70
83
95
91
82
93
73
60
70
71
62
63
59
80
83
88
81
88
100
921.5
229,6
276.4
255.2
260.4
248.4
299.6
317.9
306.5
268.7
287.2
241.7
70
74
74
65
00
58
69
77
a
76
91
78
February
89
35
32
20
17
31
54
67
85
52
57
40
71
41
93
80
33
68
April
May
47
21
29
July
August
September
October
November
December
97
345
571
48
593
49
727
61
851
71
961
80
1,027
si;
1,039
87
1,053
88
1,038
86
1,005
84
938
78
905
75
439
181
3,913.1
326.1
875
73
Percentage of pos-
sible
CLIMATE OF SOUTHEKN COAST.
91
SUNSHINE FOR THE YEABS 1898, 1899, AND 1900 Continued.
[N. lat 32 43'.]
Percentage of sunshine recorded during hours ending (local time)
Total
(hours).
Per-
centage
of pos-
sible.
a.m.
6
7
8*
9'
10*
11'
Noon.
1'
2
3
4* 5*
6 7
8*
1899.
JftTmmy
22
47
49
37
28
9
16
17
19
44
60
68
64
54
52
40
31
24
37
36
28
54
59
68
65
63
60
54
47
42
68
74
50
60
68
77
75
79
66
70
66
52
77
91
65
72
59
I
75
79
79
89
74
66
90
94
80
78
70
78
79
88
86
86
--
70
90
96
88
78
81
79
80
88
89
90
87
74
90
96
90
79
83
79
83
89
86
91
90
74
97
97
91
80
M
75
85
88
89
86
89
78
97
97
91
81
77
79
S
90
84
86
77
95
95
89
82
76
74
81
79
85
84
76
72
92
90
87
81
69
69
81
78
79
64
56
64
82
--
81
80
75
18
245.4
241.0
284.7
277.6
274.8
227.6
323.4
324.4
262.4
253.8
223.6
235.6
77
78
76
n
64
53
74
78
71
72
71
76
February
i
March
22
40
28
10
7
17
21
60
57
51
38
87
87
87
April
Mav
20
11
37
86
July
October
November
December
Sum
31
145
416
35
547
46
718
60
852
71
952
79
1,003
84
1,025
1,037
86
1,037
86
1,016
85
965
80
847
n
467
123
3,174.3
264.5
S61
72
Percentage of pos-
sible
1900.
January
68
42
50
_-
5
16
15
43
42
49
84
47
70
48
53
41
15
27
21
48
45
47
77
51
75
52
62
42
32
53
42
54
48
71
90
64
84
61
79
62
44
81
62
80
60
95
-j
;
66
76
74
57
85
85
80
72
78
92
80
91
n
79
82
70
90
95
83
83
82
90
81
90
79
77
80
72
. 96
92
--.
85
80
94
84
92
84
78
84
74
95
92
89
85
83
92
79
96
81
79
92
74
96
89
90
82
82
96
74
92
75
72
87
74
92
86
--
86
70
93
65
79
64
68
76
72
88
80
87
83
60
90
60
72
61
66
71
60
79
73
87
83
100
100
224.7
262.1
244.2
269.1
280.7
215.3
306.9
272.0
282.1
248.8
226.3
282.1
n
85
66
69
65
50
70
66
76
71
72
91
pphnwrv
March
44
57
27
4
13
11
33
67
68
57
68
53
66
53
100
....
April
Mav
7
4
100
56
64
June
July
\iigint
October.
November
December
11
256
442
37
539
45
672
56
849 941
71 78
996
83
1,015 1,032 1,036 989 912
85 86 86 82 76
912
76
465
220
3,113.1 852
259.4 71
Percentage of pos-
sible
EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION.
Total duration.
'I'Mlill Illllllllllt Of
1 .n vi | > i t a 1 1 o n
i inched).
Excessive rate.
\n 1 before
uxcuHHivc rule
In IMII ' Inch, -
Accumulated depths of precipitation (in inches) during
periods of time indicated.
Stations and dates.
From
To-
Began
Ended
d
a
10
a
a
g
c
E
O
e
I
1C
20 min
25 mill
1
8
1
3
40 min
E
'i mill
=
80 mill
San Diego. Cal.:
Jan.10,1899 6.05p.m.
1
11.59p.m.
1.20
10. 50 p.m.
11.30p.m.
0.50
0.15
0.26
0.290.37
1
0.400.46
0.55
0.60
0.62
0.65
0.70
CLIMATOLOGY OF THE GREAT VALLEY.
RED BLUFF.
Data by Mr. MAURICE COXXELL, Observer, Weather Bureau.
Red Bluff is the county seat of Tehama County, at the northern end of the Sacramento Valley.
The city is situated on the western bank of the Sacramento River, the average elevation above
sea level being 309 feet, and is in latitude 40 10' north, longitude 122 14' west. The land
slopes gently to the river, and within a radius of 5 miles the country is comparatively flat.
The general movement of the air is from the north and northeast into the valley from the
mountains on the north and east. During the summer months, however, there is a well-
marked southerly movement of the air, which is in part due to the strong westerly indraft
through the Golden Gate and its subsequent deflection northward through the valley. The
highest temperature recorded is 114 and the lowest 18. The average annual precipitation is
25.56 inches.
MOXTHLY AXD AXXCAL MEAX TEMPERATCRE (DEGREES F.).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov. i Dec.
Annual.
1878
47.3
50.2
55.5
60.4
67.4
81.0
81.6
83.2
72.9
65.4
55.6 47.4
64.0
1879
44.6
53.6
57.0
6L3
62.5
78.7
81.6
83.4
77.2
64.0
51.0 44.6
63.3
1880
44.5
46.5
49.7
55.8
64.1
73.9
83.4
77.4
74.7
65.3
50.0 49.4
61.2
1881
50.0
53.0
55.6
63.6
69.3
72.8
787
76.4
71.5
57.5
51.0 45.9
62.1
1882 . ..
44.1
44.4
52.5
56.6
67.4
75.6
84.3
81.2
60.3
58.3
51. 3 47. 5
60.2
1883
41.2
45.1
58.3
56.3
64.3
80.3
84.9
79.9
75.4
57.7
50. 6 44. 4
61.5
l&M
46.2
45.9
51.6
56.8
68.0
69.6
78.4
81.5
67.3
62.1
54. 7 47. 5
60.8
1885
47.5
53 5
61.0
62.1
70.4
71.6
80.7
83.8
74.8
65.6
52.7 49.3
64.4
1886
46.2
54.5
52.8
57.7
66.9
79.1
82.6
81.5
75.6
60.7
51.3 50.0
63.2
1887
48 7
43 4
58 9
60.2
. - -
77.1
85.9
81.3
76.4
71.1
55.2 48.2
64.4
188$
40.9
53.9
54.5
67.0
68.1
70.7
80.9
83.7
81.2
68.2
54.8 48.3
64.5
1889
45.8
51.6
56.8
61.0
66.8
80.0
81.3
80.0
76.0
61.4
54.4 44.8
63.3
1890
39.2
45.2
50.8
60.3
67.6
72.6
80.4
79.5
74.4
65.0
57.9 45.0
61.5
1891
48.5
44.4
55.0
57.8
66.3
72.2
82.6
83.1
72.9
66.0
56.8 42.5
62.4
1892
47 1
53.0
56.0
54.1
65.6
71.8
78.7
80.4
- |
63.5
56.1 47.6
62.2
1893
43.2
46.8
49.8
54.6
65.8
73.4
80.4
81.0
67.5
61.4
53.5 i 50.2
60.6
1X94
42 4
45 3
51.5
61.4
66.8
69.1
83.0
82.0
74.8
63.9
59.0 ' 45.0
62.0
1895
43.8
52.8
52.8
59.1
66.2
78.2
80.0
81.2
68.5
67.0
53.6 i 43.4
62.2
1S96
48 8
53 2
53.8
52.2
61.0
77.4
85.3
78.8
72.8
67.2
50.8 49.0
62.5
1897
45.8
47 n
54.4
63.2
72.6
74.0
82.1
80.2
72.6
62.9
49.7 46.0
62.0
189$
42.4
51
59 2
M,4
63.6
75 4
83.1
81 3
72.6
64.3
53.6 45.7
62.5
1899
48 8
51.6
52.2
60.8
63.2
77.9
82.0
73.8
78.0
61.0
54. 4 45. 5
62,4
1900.
.- -
51 1
58 6
57.6
67
76 8
82.6
77
69 9
60
54.8 1 45.4
62.5
Means ("23 vears)
45 3
49 4
548
59.2
66 6
75 1
81 9
80 9
72.8
63.5
53. 6 46. 6
62.4
93
94
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
SUMMARY OF MONTHLY MEANS AND EXTREMES OP TEMPERATURE.
Month.
Highest
monthly mean.
Lowest
monthly mean.
Absolute
maximum.
Absolute
minimum.
Mean
daily
range.
Mean
daily
varia-
bility
of mean
temper-
ature.
Mean
relative
humidity
at 5 a.m.
Mean
relative
humidity
at 5 p.m.
Tem-
pera-
ture.
Date.
Tem-
pera-
ture.
Date.
Tem-
pera-
ture.
Date.
/
Tem-
pera-
ture.
Date.
50.0
54.5
61.0
67.0
72.6
81.0
86.9
83.8
81.2
71.1
59.0
50.2
1881
1886
1885
1888
1897
1878
1887
1885
1888
1887
1894
1893
39.2
43.4
49.7
54.1
61.0
69.6
78.4
73.8
60.3
57.5
49.7
42.5
1890
1887
1880
1892
1896
1884
1884
1889
1882
1881
1897
1891
77.0
82.0
86.0
96.0
110.0
110.0
112.0
114.0
107.0
97.0
88.0
79.0
27, 1899
25,1888
9, 1892
24, 1898
29, 1887
30, 1891
8,1887
22, 1891
1,1891
5,1892
3,1890
5,1885
18.0
22.0
28.0
34.0
38.0
44.0
53
52.0
46.0
32.0
26.0
25.0
14,1888
14,1884
16, 1880
18,1885
11, 1892
1, 1898
1,1881
22,1881
9,1884
14, 1881
30,1880
13, 1884
15.6
18.9
19.2
22.2
24.1
27.1
30.5
30.6
26.7
24.6
21.4
13.4
3.6
3.1
3.0
3.3
39
3.5
3.2
3.0
3.2
3.3
3.5
3.5
Per cent.
87.0
82
82.0
76.0
71.0
69.0
49.0
49.0
67.0
67.0
75.0
87.0
Per cent.
68.0
56.0
53.0
43.0
38.0
26.0
18.0
20.0
28.0
38.0
.55.0
70.0
February
April
May.. .
July
September
November
December
Annual
85.9
39.2
114.0
18.0
22.8
3.3
70.0
43.0
PRECIPITATION EXCEEDING 2.50 INCHES IN ANY CONSECUTIVE 24 HOURS.
Inches.
Inches.
Inches.
January 16, 1878
5.11
December 14 1881
2 89
December 15 18%
2 64
Decembers, 1879
5.04
November 3, 1882
2.88
January 10 1899
4 04
January 29 1881
3 25
4 73
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1878
20.71
16 66
4 16
2 26
89
00
00
00
49
1 56
1 66
1879
3.18
3.67
5.39
2.12
2 18
30
04
28
T
48
6 05
9 95
1880
2.01
1.66
1 70
7 05
1 04
00
00
00
00
08
1881
9.40
2.79
0.51
1 83
79
51
T
00
1 07
1 61
73
5 69
1882.
2 81
3 94
2 67
2 12
33
15
00
00
49
2 80
5 07
1883
0.87
0.39
2.60
1 96
2 96
T
00
T
1 04
2 68
74
52
1884
3 55
2 21
7 81
4 31
18
97
00
T
36
1885 .'
1.84
1.19
T
62
64
1 37
05
00
2 91
10
17 05
3 86
1886
4 85
18
1 31
4 12
73
T
T
T
00
1 76
1887 . .
0.57
5 21
1 13
1 76
77
26
T
T
06
00
1 52
1&88
4 08
2 17
3 47
53
51
2 61
07
00
33
T
1889.
0.51
0.71
6 83
1 11
2 04
64
00
00
00
8 41
3 37
9 25
1890
6.56
3.67
6.14
1 70
2 67
11
00
00
1 65
01
00
3 20
1891 .
1 36
10 68
1 42
2 27
1 50
55
17
00
19
64
1892
4 30
3 11
2 69
2 92
3 02
27
T
T
1893 . . .
3 82
3 22
6 08
1 42
61
00
03
00
1 23
1 09
1894
5 29
2 30
2 40
55
1 46
1 00
02
T
1895
8 29
2 86
2 59
34
1 65
00
16
00
1 76
T
1896
7 30
27
3 06
3 67
T
1897
3 22
6 26
1 99
1 22
06
1 25
00
T
1898
0.59
5 45
01
63
2 28
14
00
T
45
46
1 21
1 69
1899
9 29
01
6 22
72
69
94
00
1900
4 61
1 62
2 38
2 69
1 18
94
00
05
1
3 25
3 23
2 07
21 77
Average (23 years) .
4.72
3 48
3 15
2 08
1 33
51
02
04
65
1 48
2 %
5 26
25 40
CLIMATOLOGY OF THE GREAT VALLEY.
95
GREATEST AMOUNT OF PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDBEDTHS) IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nor.
Dec.
Greatest
annual.
1878
^5.11
2.41
0.96
0.76
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
1.38
1.20
0.45
5.11
1879
1.54
1.36
1.55
43
58
0.30
0.03
0.28
0.00
0.23
1.68
5.04
5.04
1880
0.94
0.41
0.78
2.03
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.10
1.84
2.03
1881
3.25
0.45
0.27
0.56
0.70
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.74
0.68
0.33
2.89
3.25
1882
0.91
1.38
0.99
1.03
0.26
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.37
1.05
2.88
0.62
2.88
1883
76
0.39
1 14
1 72
1 10
00
00
00
1.04
1.03
0.43
0.40
1.72
1884
1.12
1.06
2.17
1 47
0.14
0.56
0.00
T.
0.17
0.68
0.04
2.00
2.17
1885
63
45
22
58
71
05
00
2.91
0.06
4.73
1.83
4 73
1886
1.89
0.18
0.43
1 01
0.22
T.
T.
T.
0.00
1.35
0.21
1.81
1.89
1887
0.30
1.59
0.62
0.82
0.39
0.14
T
T.
0.06
0.00
0.77
0.83
1.59
1888
66
0.96
1.25
53
15
84
04
T
0.33
T.
1.61
1.43
1.61
1889
0.16
0.45
1.95
0.31
0.85
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.70
1.70
1.83
1.95
1890
2.02
1.16
1.71
1 51
1 67
06
00
00
1.40
0.01
00
1 48
2 02
1891
0.92
3.80
0.56
0.82
48
0.32
0.16
0.00
0.10
0.44
0.19
0.81
3.80
1892
1.44
1.36
0.91
1.12
1.56
0.22
T.
T.
0.29
0.72
2.30
1.79
2.30
1893
1.89
1.40
1.20
65
26
00
03
0.00
0.81
0.96
1.85
0.85
1.89
1894
2.00
0.86
0.85
0.41
55
0.45
0.02
T.
1.11
0.38
0.91
1.70
2.00
1895
2 36
1 70
1 05
16
1 06
T
10
T
96
T
75
1.26
2 36
1896
1.38
0.17
0.58
1.80
77
T
0.00
0.54
0.58
0.61
1.36
2.64
2.64
1897
1.04
1.12
0.90
0.83
0.04
0.70
0.00
T.
0.02
1.08
1.00
0.93
1.04
1898
0.25
1.54
0.01
41
1 09
12
00
T
0.20
0.23
0.58
92
1.54
1899
4.04
0.01
1.56
0.48
0.34
0.79
0.00
0.02
0.00
1.02
1.00
1.54
4.04
1900
1 58
0.69
83
90
43
54
00
05
14
88
1 76
1 25
1 58
Greatest monthly . .
5 11
3 80
2.17
2 03
1 67
84
10
54
2 91
1 70
4 73
5 04
WEATHER.
Month.
Average number of
Mean
cloudi-
:. --.
Month.
Average number of
Mean
cloudi-
ness.
Clear
days.
Partly
cloudy
days.
Cloudy
days.
Rainy
days.
Clear
days.
Partly
cloudy
days.
Cloudy
days.
Rainy
days.
January
11
12
13
13
17
23
28
10
9
10
11
9
6
3
10
7
8
6
5
1
11
9
11
8
6
4
1
5.0
4.4
4.6
4.1
3.5
2.1
0.5
28
24
21
17
11
_
5
7
7
9
1
1
3
6
11
3
4
6
12
0.9
1.7
2.6
4.0
5.5
March
October
\pril
Mav
Julv
218
88
59
75
3.3
NUMBER OF DAYS WITH THUNDERSTORMS.
Year.
o
US
*-s
.a
1
*
x
as
&
cj
*-9
>,
3
-*
If
<:
t
J.
.j
CJ
:
|
|
i
Year.
-
.a
i.
z
h
-
>,
-
&
=
^
x
1
1
i
*
c5
1
i
e
1884
?
1
,
f
l
7
1893...
1
1
1
1885
1
1
1
1
I
7
1894
2
1
1886
1
1
1
3
1895
1
1
1887
1
1
1
?
5
1896
?
1
1
1888
1
?
?
1
4
10
1897
?
i
1889 .
?
1
?
5
1898...
?
1
?
1
1890
1
2
1
4
1899
1
i
1891
1
1
?
1900
?
1
1
1
1
i
1892
1
1
2
1
1
\
7
1
96
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
ANWAL METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR THE YEARS 1899 AND 1900.
[\=40 10' N.; =122 15' W.; gravity corr., -0.01.]
Month.
Pressure.
Temperature.
Moisture.
Monthly mean.
KxtrenwH.
Mean.
Extremes.
Dew-
point.
Rela-
tive hu-
midity.
Vapor
pressure.
Precipita-
tion.
Cloudiness.
Maximum.
Minimum.
8 a. m.
a
d
00
Maximum.
Minimum.
Monthly.
Maximum.
Minimum.
a
d
00
o
38
32
to
14
58
44
45
11
39
40
47
38
a
d
00
38
30
40
44
87
40
43
43
37
39
60
40
40
a
00
i
82
66
81
79
64
60
46
62
42
66
M
SK)
68
a
Q.
00
t
65
84
56
43
30
21
Hi
24
16
42
76
75
42
a
a
00
a
d
GO
I
Maximum in
24 hours.
a
d
40
a
d
CO
6.2
4.1
5.5
4.1
4,3
1.1
0.3
2.2
1.0
4.2
6.7
4.8
a
*
*>.
&
6.0
3.0
5.9
3.4
3.6
1.2
0.4
1.6
0.8
3.6
6.9
6.7
1899.
7/1,
29.78
29.79
29.66
29.63
29. 60
29. 62
29.48
29.50
29.57
29.61
29.67
29.78
In.
30.03
30.16
SO. 09
29.80
29.84
29.67
29. 63
29.61
29.69
29.91
29.90
80.17
In.
28.89
29.31
29.27
29.35
29.37
29.33
29. 81
29. 33
29.40
29.11
29.29
29.34
13. 9
43.4
45. 7
ftO.7
53.0
65.3
67.7
(12. 7
61.
63.2
49.5
41.1
53.7
60.2
68.6
69.9
72.8
89.7
97.1
86.3
92.3
68.7
58.0
49.1
o
66.2
62.0
60.7
72.2
74.5
91.6
98.2
87:3
93.8
71.4
60.8
62.5
41.4
41.1
43.6
49.4
61.8
64.2
65.9
60.4
62.2
50.7
48.0
38.5
o
48.8
51.6
52.2
60.8
68.2
77.9
82.0
73.8
78.0
61.0
54.4
46.5
77
79
75
87
(>
107
109
100
KHi
94
73
70
30
26
36
39
38
61
60
55
53
42
41
27
In.
0.231
0.185
0.250
0.291
0.252
0.294
0.304
0.297
0. 246
0.250
0.327
0.233
In.
0.236
0.173
0.261
0.310
0.226
0.261
0. 282
0.288
0.227
0.248
0.862
0.254
In.
9.29
0.01
6.22
0.72
0.69
0.94
0.00
0.02
0.00
3.02
4.08
3.80
In.
4.04
0.01
1.56
0.48
0.34
0.79
0.00
0.02
0. (K)
1.02
1.00
1.54
4.6
1.6
5.3
2.2
2.8
1.3
0.2
0.9
0.6
3.1
5.9
3.4
February
March
April
May
July
August
September
October
November
December
Year
1900.
January
29. 63
80.17
JS. S'.l
53.4
71.4
78.4
r.i. i
62.4
109
26
41
o. -M:\
.-M]
28.79
4.04
2.7
3.7
3.5
29.78
29.77
29. 62
29.59
29.68
29.61
29.44
29.51
29.55
29. 61
29.67
29.84
29. 119
30.02
29. 93
29.78
29.75
29.73
29.70
29.76
29.83
29.89
29.99
29.99
29.45
29.47
29.40
29.33
29.37
29.35
29. 23
29. 26
29.26
29.30
29.00
29.58
49.9
45.1
50.1
49.2
66.6
64.5
68.6
66.2
60.4
61.6
47.7
41.8
52.6
58.2
67.4
66.8
76. 7
87.9
96.8
88.9
79.5
67.8
60.6
49.2
54.4
59.6
68.6
67.9
78.5
90.4
98.2
90.6
81.2
69.9
64.1
61.4
43.2
42.7
48.6
47.3
56.4
63. 1
67.0
63.5
68.6
60.1
46.4
39.5
48.8
51.1
58.6
57.6
67.0
76.8
82.6
77.0
69.9
60.0
54.8
45.4
69
73
84
84
92
104
109
104
100
87
82
7
33
85
38
39
46
53
60
56
52
10
38
29
29
43
40
42
41
45
50
48
46
45
46
44
:;'.i
45
42
45
40
42
49
46
i::
40
46
48
42
93
83
78
76
69
60
48
53
61
83
90
92
78
60
50
43
34
M
18
22
28
49
66
78
0.277
0.248
0.278
0.261
o. :im
0.363
0.334
0.316
0.315
0.314
0.295
0.244
0.303
0.275
0.314
0.259
0.279
0.356
0.303
0.281
0.266
0.316
0.338
0. 269
4.15
1.62
2.38
2.69
1.18
0.94
0.00
0. 05
0.21
3.26
3.23
2.07
1.58
0. 69
0.83
0.90
0.43
0.54
4.6
2.8
3.8
2.7
3.6
2.0
0.3
0.6
3.3
2.8
4.1
4.2
4.2
6.2
4.8
4.4
4.3
3.0
0.5
1.4
2.4
4.0
5.2
3.9
6.6
4.9
4.2
3.8
3.9
2.2
0.3
1.0
2.3
3.8
5.1
6.3
March
April.
May
June ..
July
0.06
0.14
0.88
1.76
1.25
September
October
November
December
Year
29. 62
30.02
29.00
53.8
71.0
72.9
52.0
62.5
109
44
44
74
46
0.296
0.297
21.77
1.76
2.9
3.6
3.7
DATES OF FIRST AND LAST KILLING FROSTS FROM 1882 TO 1899, INCLUSIVE.
Year
Last in
spring.
First in
nutiimn.
Year.
Last in
spring.
First in
.iiiiuiiiii.
Year.
Last in
spring.
First in
autumn.
1882
Mar. 20
Nov. 12
1889
Feb 17
Dec 27
1895
Mar 14
Nov 25
1883
Feb. 17
Nov. 25
1890
Feb. 27
Dec 10
1896
Apr 19
Nov 28
1884 v ..
Mar. 11
Dec. 11
1891
Feb 25
ls< 17
Mar 30
1885
Feb. 9
Dec. 21
1892
Feb 9
Nov 24
1898
Mar '4
Vov '*0
1886
Mnr. 1
Nov. 21
1893
Mar 13
Nov 19
1899
Feb 7
Dec 19
1887
Feb. 27
Nov. 24
1894
Mar 4
Nov 23
1'XX)
Dec tJ 9
1888
Mar. 3
Dec. 6
CLIMATOLOGY OK THE GREAT VALLEY.
ANNUAL METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR THE YEAKK 1899 AXI> 1900 Continued.
[H - 332 ft.; h, = 54 ft.: b, = 44 ft.; h. = 58 ft.)
97
Month.
Wind.
Number of day>.
Bf lelf-regtoten.
Number of wind*. 8 a. m. and 8 p. m.
jj
8
|
X
Precipi-
tation.
i
i
i
Maxi-
mum
temp.
JL
\
h
a
3
a
i
Elec-
tricity.
?
4
I'revallliiK direc-
tion."
I
5
3
aft
36
34
36
34
30
34
24
24
M
42
34
34
Dlrvctlimnt tim.< >[
maximum velocity.
t,
M
1
Z
Northeast.
1
|
I
JZ
1
Northweat.
a
3
0.01 Inch and over.
0.04 Inch and over.
k
o
I
Above 90.
ThundcrBtomu.
\
1899.
XOa.
7.8
8.6
8.1
6.9
7.5
7.9
5.1
6.1
5.4
7.4
5.4
J.2
N.
N.
BE.
N.
BE.
N.
8E.
BE.
N.
N.
BE.
SE.
BE.
SE.
SE.
NW
8E.
N.
N.
V.
N.
BE.
SE.
SE.
1
21
27
14
16
18
26
11
9
18
18
6
15
1
2
1
4
1
3
A
1
3
2
5
2
1
2
2
3
5
8
18
10
21
12
27
31
17
11
22
17
203
8
*
10
14
3
8
8
10
6
8
9
3
84
4
1
1
2
2
2
1
5
3
3
8
5
7
4
1
2
5
5
18
6
6
12
7
14
8
6
13
14
12
11
2
1
1
1
10
19
i
19
27
31
24
30
19
6
8
6
8
12
7
7
1
7
5
7
14
15
1
11
5
5
2
7
17
9
U
1
U
4
6
2
1
8
U
U
79
13
14
t
4
2
8
14
12
o
e
o
1
3
1
1
11
1
18
30
8
22
3
4
5
2
1
o
1
March
April
May
June
July
-
September
October
November . .
Year
6.8
BE.
42 8E. 1 197
17 ! 26
22 46 127
8 219
74
72
70
1 16
82
11 2
e
1900.
January
4.6
7.5
5.9
5.2
4.7
5.4
7.3
6.6
4.4
4.4
SE.
N.
S.
N.
N.
SE.
SE.
SE.
N.
N.
SE.
26
34
35
30
24
25
21
24
37
85
24
85
N.
N.
BE.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
V
SE.
BE.
SE.
13
19
21
21
20
13
16
17
26
23
20
22
3
1
6
3
1
1
2
1
4
1
1
2
8
1
4
28
18
13
19
18
18
26
20
X
21
U
14
25
4
4
5
3
7
4
1
1
2
A
2
1
1
8
3
6
3
2
3
2
2
10
11
8
9
7
6
3
11
16
2
2
Q
2
3
6
12
15
18
17
22
31
21
18
14
9
9
5
7
5
2
7
4
6
6
17
8
7
7
7
3
2
10
16
12
9
7
10
5
4
1
2
9
10
9
|
5
8
&
4
1
2
8
8
8
16
2
Q
2
14
o
o
3
16
29
13
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
March
April
May
J u n*'
July
September
October "
November
December
Year
5.7
BE.
37 N.
231 17
240
54
15 35
3
17
212
67
86
78
63
33
5
2 *
SACRAMENTO.
Excellent records of temperature arid rainfall are available for the cit3 r of Sacramento. This
city may in a climatological sense be called the most representative city of the great valley. San
Francisco. Sacramento, and Stockton form as it were the three central points of the bay and
valley district. It will be noticed that the mean annual temperatures are respectively about 56,
60 C , and 60. In other words the valley cities have a mean annual temperature about 4 higher
than the coast city has. In January the mean temperature of the interior cities is nearly 4 below
that of San Francisco. In March it is slightly above. In April nearly 4 above, which increase
continues until October. During July there is a difference of nearlj- 15. While the annual
rainfall at San Francisco is 23 inches, that at Sacramento w 19.21 inches, and at Stockton 15.54
inches. There is thus a gradual decrease in the rainfall from the coast inland. December is the
month of heaviest rainfall at all stations and August the month of least precipitation. With
regard to the seasonal rainfall it may be stated that years in which the rainfall is well distributed,
particularly where good rains fall in March and April, are years of large wheat yields.
1176 Bull. L 03 7
98
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
The following data, showing the temperature and weather conditions of Sacramento, were
compiled by Mr. J. A. Barwick, of the Weather Bureau, from the records of Dr. T. A. Logan;
Dr. F. M. Hatch; Mr. S. H. Gerrish; and the Weather Bureau.
MEAN MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Years.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual
1853
43.
50.0
59.8
61.0
88.0
77.0
75.0
71.0
76.0
78.0
53.0
48
63 3
1854
43.0
51.0
63.0
60.0
62.0
67.0
80.6
69.5
66.0
60
55.0
47 9
59 5
1855 .
43.7
52.5
64.8
58.1
60.2
71.1
72.6
73.0
68.0
63.0
50.6
46.0
59 5
1856
48.0
62.6
57.0
58.8
63.9
71.1
75.1
69.6
70.9
58.0
52.2
43 9
60 1
1857
48.5
50.2
56.4
63.3
65.5
71.9
71.4
71.3
67.9
61.5
53.2
47.4
60 7
1858
45.0
52.2
53.7
59.8
65.2
69.4
70.8
70.6
68.9
59.5
54.2
44.5
59 5
1859
44.9
50.5
51.5
57.1
63.0
74.8
69.1
67.2
65.9
63.3
64.0
43.5
587
I860
46.2
49.8
53.3
57.8
58.5
65.6
73.2
73.5
67.6
59.8
63.5
49.3
59
1861
47.1
52.2
55.0
60.6
63.7
66.2
73.6
69.7
67.8
59.9
63.6
60 9
60 1
1862
46.4
47.5
53.6
58.0
61.2
69.3
73.2
75.0
70.4
67.6
53/2
46.4
60 2
1863
46.9
48.0
57.6
59.5
67.1
69.1
75.6
70.7
69.0
' 62.8
52.7
46.5
60.4
1864
49.2
53.6
56.1
62.1
68.5
71.1
74.8
74.7
69.8
64.5
63.5
50.2
62 8
1865
47.4
49.0
53.6
59.4
70.2
73.5
74.0
71.7
68.8
63.1
56.9
.44.1
61.0
1866
46.5
63.5
54.2
61.9
63.1
72.2
76.2
76.0
72.2
65.2
63.8
50.2
62 1
1867
48.2
47.8
60.7
59.7
64.4
70.3
73.8
71.7
68.8
62 7
54 8
46 8
59 9
1868
47.0
50.5
55.0
60.1
64.2
69.5
73.8
71.2
68.3
62.0
63.9
47
60 1
1869
47.6
49.9
53.6
59.0
64.2
70.8
74.4
71.3
69.9
63 1
54
46 5
60 4
1870
48.6
51.1
53.0
57.0
61.0
69.3
71.8
72.6
68.0
63.6
53.4
45 5
59 6
1871
48.3
49.4
56.0
59.2
61.5
70.1
70.2
72.0
67.4
62.2
50.2
48.7
59 6
1872
48.5
53.3
66.8
57.6
67.0
69.2
71.4
73.1
68.8
58.9
51.2
49
60 4
1873 i
52.7
48.2
56.8
60.0
67.9
71.7
73.2
66.3
69.9
61.4
57.5
47.7
60 7
1874
45.7
49.3
62.9
59.5
64.7
70.2
72.8
70.9
70.7
61.7
63.9
45
59 8
1875
46.9
52.7
58.7
63.0
68.1
70.6
73.3
72.5
65.7
69.9
56.7
48.0
62 2
1876
48.8
50.2
54.6
69.5
65.7
76.9
74
72.8
70.1
63 5
53.3
45 5
61 2
1877 ...
49.1
55.0
59.0
60.2
' 64.5
72.5
75.6
73.0
72.3
62. 1"
53.5
47.8
62
1878
48.6
51.0
56.5
58.9
66.6
72 2
73 6
73.7
68.7
61.9
54 3
46
60 9
1879
44.8
54.4
57.0
60.4
60.8
72.8
72.6
75.6
71.3
61.3
60.8
43.5
60 4
1880
43.0
45.7
49.2
55.0
62
67.8
72 7
71.1
69.1
62 4
49 3
50
58 1
1881
49.0
53.5
55.8
62.3
66.6
68.2
73.0
70.4
68.9
57.6
50.2
46 2
60 1
1882
45.8
46.5
53.6
56.6
66.0
69.6
75.3
74.1
69.9
58.8
49.6
47.9
59 4
1883
41.8
45.9
68.2
56.6
63.6
74.1
75.7
74.0
73.5
59.0
51.2
44 8
59 9
1884
46.8
47.5
53.7
57.6
65.6
67.0
72.7
74.9
66.6
60.8
56.1
48.9
69 8
1885
47.8
64.4
60.4
61.3
67.3
67 9
73
75.9
72.2
65.6
64.8
49 3
62 5
1886
46 2
54.2
52 5
56 8
63 8
71 2
74 3
74 4
70 6
68 8
50 8
49 9
60 3
1887
48.6
44.9
58.2
59 2
63 2
69 8
71 4
69.8
70.8
66 5
54 5
46 5
60 3
1888..
42.8
53.0
53.6
63.0
62.7
68.0
73.3
76.8
75.5
65.2
54.2
48 5
61 4
1889
44 7
60.2
57 4
61 2
64 2
70 1
72 8
74
71.9
61 V
54 2
48 5
60 9
1890
42.6
47.4
52.6
59.0
65 4
67.8
73 8
72.8
70.4
63.4
54.8
43 2
59 4
1891
46 9
48.2
56
57
62 7
69
76 4
76 1
69 8
64 5
55 9
44 2
60 6
1892
48.4
52.2
55 9
55 4
63 2
68
72
73.0
68.8
62
55 3
48.2
60 2
1893
42.1
48.3
52.0
55.7
63.7
68.5
74
74.1
65.4
60.2
53.6
48.6
58 8
1894
44 4
47.2
53 3
61 3
63 7
64 8
74
74 6
71 8
63 4
58 2
46 9
60 3
1895
46.4
53.4
53.5
58.4
63 6
72 9
71 4
72.6
67.0
64.7
53.1
44.8
60 2
1896
50 2
54 1
55 4
53 3
60
71 5
76 5
72
68
65 4
52 6
49 4
60 7
1897. .
44.2
48.8
49 4
62 6
67
69 8
75 6
73 4
69.6
60.7
50.8
45.4
59 8
1898
42
51 8
61 9
61 4
59 9
69 6
74 2
73 8
68 8
63 4
63 4
44 2
69 5
1899
49.0
51.5
52.8
59 4
59 3
71 2
72 1
68
72.9
60.4
54.9
43.9
69 6
1900
47 2
51 7
57 3
56 7
64 5
69 4
73 6
70 2
67
60 8
55 2
45 2
59 9
47 5
51 2
55
58 5
62 7
70 3
73 1
70 3
69 8
61 3
54 5
45 4
60
CLIMATOLOGY OF THE GREAT VALLEY.
MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURES.
99
Year.
Number of days maximum temperature 90 or
above.
Number of days mini-
mum temperature
35 or below.
Number of days mini-
mum temperature 40
or below.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Nov.
1877
22
14
13
6
11
19
16
8
11
14
14
17
14
14
23
14
15
20
8
18
20
19
13
16
18
13
18
7
5
14
17
14
20
17
10
23
21
13
23
16
16
17
15
10
14
14
3
6
13
6
11
4
7
9
10
1
13
9
11
17
11
8
8
6
15
6
2
8
10
20
2
4
4
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
12
18
12
8
4
15
7
C
11
1
9
14
9
5
4
12
1
16
15
8
4
3
6
13
18
13
14
14
5
2
24
11
9
5
16
11
10
10
4
6
8
15
13
18
3
1878
1
1
2
3
2
3
1
4
3
4
2
2
1
1
1
9
11
3
5
12
2
3
6
10
3
8
5
6
9
5
1
12
9
9
9
11
5
8
17
13
1
16
18
11
1
10
10
16
11
13
9
4
6
11
5
5
5
25
4
2
13
10
15
11
2
6
4
7
6
3
5
2
1
7
1
1
1
18
8
8
5
5
8
4
1
4
8
7
6
6
10
16
6
1
i
ii
]
j.
:
i
3
1
4
3
2
6
1
1
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
ISM
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893. . . . . . . .
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900.. .
SUMMARIES OF MONTHLY MEANS AND EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE.
Month.
Highest month-
ly mean.
Lowest month-
ly mean.
Absolute maxi-
mum.
Absolute mini-
mum.
Greatest
daily
range.
Mean
daily
range.
Mean
varia-
bility.
Mean of 3
consecu-
tive
warmest
days.
Mean of 3
consecu-
tive
odderi
days.
Tem-
pera-
ture.
Date.
Tem-
pera-
ture.
Date.
Tem-
pera-
ture.
Date.
Tem-
pera-
ture.
Date.
52.7
55.0
60.4
63.3
70.2
77.0
80.6
76.8
76.0
78.0
58.2
50.9
1873
1877
1885
1857
1865
1853
1854
1888
1853
1853
1894
1861
41.8
45.7
49.2
53.3
58.5
64.8
69.1
66.3
65.0
57.6
49.3
43.2
1883
1880
1880
1896
1860
1894
1859
1873
1854
1881
1880
1890
72.0
80.0
80.0
89.0
"98.0
106.0
106.0
110.0
106.0
98.0
/78.0
69.0
30,1899
18, 1899
30,1882
28,1888
26,1883
30,1891
21, 1891
11,1898
11,1888
3,1885
1,1890
8-9,1893
"19.0
21.0
29.0
636.0
rf39.0
44.0
48.0
48.0
<44.0
36.0
27.0
924.0
14-15,1888
13,1884
15,1880
17,1892
12,1880
1,1890
17, 1887
30,1887
18, 1882
14, 1881
28,1880
29, 1878
30.0
35.0
34.0
37.0
41.0
42.0
44.0
44.0
44.0
39.0
36.0
32.0
14.5
16.4
17.0
20.2
22.4
26.3
30.3
31.3
28.5
24.7
21.3
14.0
2.5
2.4
2.3
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.5
2.5
2.7
52.8
56.6
63.8
62.0
75.0
78.3
81.7
81.5
77.2
69.8
60.4
54.4
39.5
43.3
48.1
51.8
55.9
62.2
67.1
67.1
62.9
55.1
42.0
40.5
February
April
Mav
Juno
Julv
Sepiember
November
Annual
80.6 1854 41.8
1883
110.0
()
"19.0
C)
44.0
22.2
2.7
67.8
53.0
a Also January, 1854.
("Also April 15. 1896.
c Also May 29, 1885, and May 28.1887.
d Also May 7, 18S7, and May 9, 1896.
e Also September 12, 1893.
/ Also November 4, 1892, and November 7, 1894.
a Also December 14, 1883.
>> August 11, 1898.'
i January 14-15, 1888.
100
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
WEATHE:!.
Month.
Average number of
Month.
Average number of
Clear
days.
Partly
cloudy
days.
Cloudy
days.
Rainy
days.
Clear
days.
Partly
cloudy
days.
Cloudy
days.
Rainy
days.
12
12
14
15
19
23
29
8
9
9
10
8
5
2
11
7
8
5
4
2
9
8
5
6
4
1
29
25
22
18
11
2
4
7
7
9
1
2
5
11
2
3
6
9
April .
May
June
229
80
56
53
July
DATES OF FIRST AND LAST LIGHT AND KILLING FROSTS, WITH LOWEST TEMPERATURE AND SNOWFALL, AND DATES OF
BLOOMING FRUIT TREES, FROM 1869 TO 1901.
[From the records of Mr. Samuel H. Gerrish, voluntary observer of the Weather Bureau.]
Year.
First light frost of
season.
First killing frost of
season.
Last light frost of
season.
Last killing frost of
season.
First appear-
ance of blos-
soming fruit
trees.
Date.
Minimum
tempera-
ture.
Date.
Minimum
tempera-
ture.
Date.
Minimum
tempera-
ture.
Date.
Minimum
tempera-
ture.
1869-70
Nov. 8, 1869
Oct. 24, 1870
Oct. 25, 1871
Oct. 22, 1872
Oct. 16, 1873
Oct. 29, 1874
Oct. 28, 1875
Nov. 3, 1876
Oct. 31, 1877
Oct. 18, 1878
Nov. 8, 1879
Oct. 31, 1880
Oct. 4, 1881
Oct. 5, 1882
Oct. 16, 1883
Sept. 30, 1884
Oct. 11, 1885
Oct. 9, 1886
Oct. 20, 1887
Oct. 19, 1888
Oct. 29, 1889
Oct. 11, 1890
Oct. 29, 1891
Oct. 13, 1892
Oct. 11, 1893
Oct. 28, 1894
Nov. 4, 1895
Oct. 13, 1896
Oct. 15, 1897
Oct. 1, 1898
Oct. 15, 1899
Oct. 29, 1900
F,
40.0
36.0
37.0
37.0
33.0
39.0
38.0
36.0
33.0
37.0
39.0
35.0
36.0
42.0
39.0
41.0
38.0
40.0
37.0
37.0
36.0
34.0
36.0
36.0
34.0
39.0
36.0
41.0
41.0
40.0
38.0
41.0
Nov. 30, 1869
Oct. 27, 1870
Nov. 6, 1871
Nov. 10, 1872
Oct. 17, 1873
Nov. 20, 1874
(6)
Nov, 13, 1876
Nov. 1, 1877
Oct. 28, 1878
Nov. 27, 1879
Nov. 13, 1880
Nov. 11, 1881
Nov. 13, 1882
Nov. 4, 1883
Nov. 30, 1884
<">
Nov. 4, 1886
Nov. 25, 1887
Nov. 6, 1888
Dec. 29, 1889
Nov. 7, 1890
Nov. 14, 1891
Nov. 16, 1892
Nov. 3, 1893
Dec. 25, 1894
Nov. 24, 1895
Nov. 26, 1896
Nov. 8, 1897
Nov. 23, 1898
W
Dec. 28, 1900
t.
31.0
30.0
30.0
27.0
31.0
29.0
35.0
29.0
31.0
29.0
25.0
28.0
30.0
27.0
31.0
31.0
34.0
32.0
28.0
28.0
27.0
28.0
30.0
29.0
28.0
31.0
30.0
32.0
32.0
32.0
34.0
32.0
May 17, 1870
Apr. 19, 1871
Apr. 12, 1872
Apr. 6, 1873
Apr. 14, 1874
Apr. 7, 1875
Apr. 8, 1876
Apr. 23, 1877
Mar. 9, 1878
Apr. 15, 1879
Apr. 18, 1880
Mar. 18, 1881
May 15, 1882
May 2, 1883
Apr. 17, 1884
Apr. 22, 1885
Apr. 14, 1886
May 10, 1887
Apr. 26, 1S8
Mar. 19, 1889
Apr. 14, 1890
Mar. 30, 1891
May 11, 1892
Apr. 12, 1893
May 16, 1894
Apr. 12, 1895
May 17, 1896
Apr. 2, 1897
Apr. 7, 1898
May 18, 1899
Apr. 13, 1900
Apr. 10, 1901
Of.
41.0
40.0
38.0
34.0
38.0
31.0
38.0
42.0
39.0
41.0
37.0
33.0
41.0
41.0
43.0
41.0
39.0
34.0
38.0
34.0
35.0
34.0
34.0
33.0
37.0
41.0
41.0
39.0
39.0
42.0
40.0
40.0
Mar. 8, 1870
Mar. 18, 1871
Jan. 9, 1872
Apr. 5, 1873
Mar. 19, 1874
Apr. 6, 1875"
Jan. 16, 1876
Feb. 11, 1877
Jan. 12, 1878
Feb. 6, 1879
Mar. 30, 1880
Mar. 17, 1881
Mar. 9, 1882
Feb. 18, 1883
Feb. 18, 1884
Jan. 26, 1885
Jan. 10, 1886
Feb. 26, 1887
Feb. 3, 1888
Feb. 19, 1889
Feb. 28, 1890
Feb. 25, 1891
Apr. 26, 1892
-Mar. 13, 1893
Mar. 4, 1894
Feb. 5, 1895
Mar. 4, 1896
Feb. 23, 1897
Mar. 26, 1898
Feb. 9, 1899
(")
Apr. 4, 1901
F.
31.0
31.0
27.0
27.0
28.0
24.0
29.0
32.0
30.0
27.0
28.0
31.0
29.0
29.0
31.0
31.0
27.0
26.0
28.0
26.
25.
26.0
32.0
28.0
30.0
33.0
32.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
34.0
33.0
Feb. 21, 1870
Feb. 8, 1871
Feb. 26, 18?2
Feb. 16, 1873
Feb. 14, 1874
Feb. 21, 1875
Feb. 20, 1879
Feb. 2, 1877
Feb. 1, 1878
Feb. 15, 1879
Feb. 29, 1880
Feb. 22, 1881
Feb. 28, 1882
Feb. 19, 1883
Feb. 20, 1884
Feb. 10, 1885
Feb. 8, 1886
Jan. 28, 1887
Feb. 20, 1888
Feb. 3, 1889
Feb. 13, 1890
Feb. 17, 1891
Feb. 16, 1892
Feb. 16, 1893
Feb. 12, 1894
Feb. 13, 1895
Feb. 1, 1896
Feb. 16, 1897
Feb. 16, 1898
Feb. 14, 1899
Feb. 8, 1900
Feb. 10, 1901
1870-71
1871-72
1872-73
1873-74
1874-75
1875-76
1876-77
1877-78
1878-79
1879-80
1880-81
1881-82
1882-83
1883-84
1884-85 ....
1885-86
1886-87 . . .
1887-88
1888-89. .,
1889-90
1890-91 .
1891 92
1892-93 .
1893-94
1894-95 .
1895-96
1896-97 . - .
1397-98
1898-99 .
1899-1900
1900-1901
"Coldest ever known.
<>No killing frost; coldest on December 21, 1875.
cNo killing frost; coldest on December 28, 1885.
dNo killing frost; coldest December 19, 1899.
Xo killing frost; coldest February 8, 1900.
Dates of snowfall in Sacramento, and the amount precipitated. January 29, 1862, 0.75 of an inch. January 12, 1868,
1.62 inches. December 3, 1873, 6 inches. April 5, 1875, a trace; enough to whiten the ground before it melted.
Thia was the coldest April ever known. A very light trace on January 13, 1879. January 26, 1880, estimated about
0.25 of an inch; it mostly melted as it fell. February 17 and 18, 1882, trace. December 31, 1882, estimated about 4
inches; measured 1.50 inches actual measurement. February 1 and 6, 1883, a very light fall of snow. January 4,
1888, 2.89 inches. January 5, 1888, 3 inches. The snow that fell on the 5th was very damp, and packed hard; if it
had been as light as that on the 4th, I think we would have had over 6 inches. January 16, 1888, a trace. January
12 and 21, 1890, a few flakes of snow, melting as fast as they fell. March 2, 1896, during the rain the air was filled
with large flakes of snow for ten minutes, which melted as it fell. A few flakes of snow fell February 2, 1899.
Mr. Gerrish states that the frost of April 4, 1901, did more damage than the frost on February 11, 1901, when
the temperature fell to 32.
CLIMATOLOGY OF THE GREAT VALLEY.
101
MONTHLY, ANNUAL, AND SEASONAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HI'NDREDTHS).
[From Dr. T. M. Logan. Dr. F. W. Hatch, and Weather Bureau Records.]
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
April.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Season
of
Seasonal.
An-
nual.
0.25
1.50
2.25
12.50
1850 4 50
0.50
10 00
4.25
0.25
T.
T.
UMH M
36.00
19.50
1851 *> f*" 1
0.35
1.88
1.14
0.69
1.00
0.18
2.14
7.07
1850-51
4.71
15.10
1852 58
0.12
6 40
0.19
0.30
T.
6.00
13.40
1851-52
17.98
26.99
1858 3.00
' 00
7.00
3.50
1.45
T.
T.
T.
T.
1.50
1.54
1852-53
36.35
19.99
1854 3-25
8.50
3.25
1.50
0.21
0.31
T.
T.
1.01
0.65
1.15
1853-54
20.06
19.83
1855 2.67
3 46
4.20
4.32
1.15
0.01
T.
0.75
2.00
1854-55
18.62
18.56
1856 4.92
0.69
1.40
2.13
1.84
0.03
T.
0.20
0.65
2.40
1855-56
13.76
14.26
1857 1.38
4.80
0.68
T.
T.
0.35
T.
0.66
2.41
2.63
1856-57
10.46
12.91
1858 2.44
2.46
2.88
1.21
0.20
0.10
0.01
T.
T.
3.01
O.lo
4.34
1857-58
14.99
16.80
1859 0.96
3.91
1 64
0.98
1.04
0.02
6.48
1.83
1858-59
16.04
16.86
1860 ... 2.31
0.93
5.11
2.87
2.49
0.02
0.63
0.06
0.91
0.18
4.28
18 9-60
22.06
19.79
1861 2. 67
2.92
3.32
0.48
0.59
0.14
0.55
T.
2.17
8.64
1860-61
16.18
21.48
1862 15.04
4.26
2.80
0.82
1.81
0.01
0.01
0.36
T.
2.33
1861-62
36.10
27. 44
1863 1.73
1864 1.08
1865 4.78
2.75
0.19
0.71
2.36
1.30
0.48
1.69
1.08
1.37
0.36
0.74
0.46
0.09
T.
0.08
T.
T.
0.08
0.12
0.48
1.49
6.72
2.43
1.82
7.87
0.36
1862-63
1863-64
1864-65
11.59
7.79
22.59
12.20
19.27
11.15
1866 7 70
2.01
2.02
0.48
2.25
0.10
0.02
T.
2.43
9.51
1865-66
17.91
26.52
1867 3-44
7.10
1.01
1.80
0.01
0.01
3.81
12.85
1866-67
25.32
30.03
1868 6 04
3 15
4 35
2.31
0.27
T.
0.77
2.61
1867-68
32.79
19.50
1869 4.79
1870 1.37
3.63
3.24
2.94
1.64
1.24
2.12
0.65
0.27
0.01
T.
T.
T.
T.
2.12
0.02
0.85
0.58
1.96
0.97
1868-69
1869-70
16.64
13.57
18.19
10.21
1871 : 2 08
1 92
0.69
1.45
0.76
T.
T.
0.21
1.22
10.59
1870-71
8.47
18.92
1872 4.04
1873 1 23
4.74
4.36
1.94
0.55
0.61
0.51
0.28
0.02
T.
0.02
T.
T.
0.22
0.31
1.93
1.21
5.39
10.01
1871-72
1872-73
23.65
14.19
19.17
18.20
1874 5. 20
1.86
3.05
0.89
0.37
T.
T.
0.05
2.26
3.80
0.44
1873-74
00.92
17.92
1875 8 70
55
0.80
T.
T.
1.10
0.44
6.20
5.52
1874-75
17.70
23.31
1876 4.99
3.75
4.15
1.10
0.15
0.21
0.02
T.
3.45
0.30
1875-76
26.30
ia 12
1877 ! 2. 77
1.04
0.56
0.19
0.64
0.01
T.
T.
0.73
1.07
1.43
1876-77
9.19
8.44
1878 | 9.26
8.04
3.09
1.07
0.17
0.29
0.55
0.51
0.47
1877-78
24.86
23.45
1879 : 3. 18
3.88
4.88
2.66
1.30
0.13
T.
T.
0.88
2.05
3.41
1878-79
17. ?5
22.37
1880 1.64
1881 6. 14
1.83
5.06
1.70
1.37
14.20
1.64
0.76
T.
0.50
T.
T.
0.30
0.55
0.05
1.88
11.81
3.27
I8A-1
1880-81
26.47
26.57
31.99
20.71
1882 1.89
2.40
3.78
1.99
0.35
0.10
T.
0.57
2.63
3.22
1.13
1881-82
16.51
18.06
1883 2.23
1.11
3.70
0.67
2.85
0.90
0.97
0.61
0.44
1882-83
18.11
13.48
1884 3 43
4 46
8 14
4.32
0.06
1.45
T.
0.60
2.01
10.45
1883-84
24 78
31 y
1885 2.16
0.49
0.08
0.68
T.
0.11
T.
0.08
0.02
11.34
5.76
1884-85
16.58
20.72
1886 7.95
0.29
2.68
4.08
0.07
0.68
0.21
2.21
1885-86
32.27
18.17
1887 1 12
6 28
0.94
2.53
T.
T.
0.02
0.45
2.09
1886-87
13.97
13 43
1888 4. 81
0.57
3.04
0.10
0.40
0.08
T.
T.
0.55
4.28
4.63
1887-88
11.56
18.46
1889 15
33
6 25
0.26
3.25
0.25
6.02
3.15
7.82
u
19 95
27 48
1890 6 62
4.06
3.00
1.33
1.80
T.
0.80
T.
3.34
1889-90
33.80
20.95
1891 0. 53
6.61
1.78
2.04
0.66
0.05
T.
0.10
0.10
0.48
3.28
1890-91
15.81
15.63
1892 ' 1 78
2.84
3.02
1.20
2.38
T.
0.18
0.70
6.60
4.90
1891-92
15.18
23 60
1883 ' 3. 27
2.66
3.51
1.08
1.05
T.
T.
0.22
0.12
2.92
1.76
1892-93
23.95
16.59
1894 4.17
3.92
0.74
0.34
1.70
0.46
T.
T.
0.88
1.06
0.48
8.86
1893-94
16.35
22.61
1895 ' 8.42
1.84
1.20
0.86
0.51
0.04
T.
1.26
0.17
1.54
1.54
1894-95
24.11
17.38
1896 9. 76
0.09
2.57
5.34
0.92
T.
0.20
0.31
0.55
3.56
1.76
1895-96
23.23
25.06
1897 3 66
4 15
2.54
0.25
0.30
0.04
0.01
0.16
1.96
0.61
1.64
1896-97
17.32
15 32
1898 0. 98
3.19
0.04
0.28
1.50
0.14
0.36
0.64
0.61
2.30
1897-98
10.51
10.04
1899. . .. 3.94
0.01
6.02
0.10
0.54
0.49
0.02
4.46
2.62
2.91
1898-99
15.04
21.14
1900 3 54
0.32
1.61
1.88
2.88
T.
T.
0.06
1.74
4.50
,.
1899-1900
20.24
17.91
1901 3. 70
5.32
0.48
2.23
0.80
T.
T.
1.67
2.02
2.91
1900-1901
20.21
17.88
> 80
2 78
1.76
0. M
0.12
a 19 41
a Average for fifty-one years.
102
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
. 11, Seasonal raiufuH at Sacramento, Cal,, from 1843 to 1901.
CLIMATOLOGY OF THE GREAT VALLEY.
103
GREATEST PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
Julie.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
NOT.
Dec.
Greatest
Annual.
1877
T.
T.
0.00
(I..VS
0.81
0.62
1878
1.63
1.01
0.79
0.65
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.55
0.32
0.35
1.63
1879
0.77
1.40
1.97
0.71
0.72
0.13
T.
T.
0.00
0.55
0.41
1.47
1.97
1880
1.25
1.02
0.49
7.24
0.65
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
1.96
7.24
1881.
2.66
1.72
0.46
0.76
T.
0.45
T.
0.00
0.30
0.25
1.10
1.41
2.66
!882
0.67
0.65
1.30
0.60
0.35
0.10
T.
0.00
0.31
1.82
1.16
0.40
1.82
1883
1.90
0.98
1.61
0.32
1.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.77
0.80
0.55
0.25
1.90
1884
1.00
1.36
2.94
1.37
0.03
0.82
0.00
T.
0.30
1.70
0.00
2.44
2.94
1885
1.10
0.28
0.07
0.61
T.
0.10
T.
0.00
0.08
0.01
4.29
2.81
4.29
1886
2.60
0.20
1.15
1.15
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.43
0.21
0.84
2.50
1887
0.90
2.48
0.65
1.47
T.
00
0.00
T.
0.02
0.00
0.28
0.88
2.48
1888
1.90
0.20
0.90
0.09
0.36
04
T.
T.
0.43
0.00
2.12
1.10
2.12
1889
0.08
0.20
2.57
0.14
1.94
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.86
0.96
0.98
2.57
1890
1.40
1.80
0.81
0.94
0.82
00
0.00
T.
0.80
T.
0.00
2.35
2.35
1891 . .
0.38
2.14
0.96
0.70
0.52
0.05
T.
0.00
0.06
0:06
0.26
0.86
2.14
1892
1.00
1.10
0.94
0.54
1.16
T.
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.32
3.26
1.86
3.26
1893
1.06
0.92
1.18
0.80
0.78
00
T.
T.
0.16
0.12
1.04
0.76
1.18
1894.
2.25
2.20
0.32
0.20
0.72
0.38
T.
T.
0.88
0.40
0.48
1.32
2.25
1895
2.66
1.34
0.42
0.60
0.16
0.00
0.04
T.
0.73
0.14
0.52
0.47
2.66
1896
1.84
0.08
0.84
2.18
0.56
00
T.
0.20
0.24
0.45
1.60
0.54
2.18
1897 ...
1.36
1.25
1.20
0.14
0.30
0.04
0.00
0.01
0.16
1.18
0.28
1.04
1.36
1898
40
1.12
04
0.24
1.00
14
0.00
0.00
0.36
0.34
0.50
1.00
1.12
1899
1.10
0.04
2.20
0.09
0.44
0.45
0.00
0.02
0.00
2.08
0.62
1.00
2.20
1900...
1.52
0.16
0.80
0.90
1.60
T.
T.
0.00
0.06
0.60
2.32
0.54
2.32
Greatest
2.66
2.48
2.94
7.24
1.94
0.82
0.04
0.20
0.88
1.86
4.29
2.96
7.24
Date ]
29,1881
1 <-*,
8-9
21
5
11-12
4
30
29
21-22
17-18
2
April 21
Year...
3-4,1895
1881-95
1
1887
1884
' 1880
1889
1884
1895
1896
1894
1889
1885
1880
1880
DATES WHEN PRECIPITATION EQUALED OR EXCEEDED 2.50 INCHES IN ANY CONSECUTIVE TWENTY-FOUR HOURS.
Inches.
April 19, and 20, 1880, from 8.02 p. m. 19 to 8.02 p. m. 20 5.28
April 20 and 21, 1880, from 8.02 p. m. 20 to 9.55 a. m. 21 3.09
December 1 and 2, 1880, from 12.02 p. m. 1 to 12.02 p. m. 2 2. 58
January 28 and 29, 1881, from 8.02 p. m. 28 to 8.02 p. m. 29 2. 66
March Sand 9, 1884, from 3 p. m. 8 to 7 a. m. 9 2.94
November 17 and 18, 1885, from 8.30 a. m. 17 to 7 a. m. 18 4. 29
December 21, 1885, from 4 a. m. 21 to 2.55 p. in. 21 2.81
January 23, 1886, from 8.30 a. m. 23 to 11 p. m. 23 2.50
March 12 and 13, 1889, from 4 p. m. 12 to 9 a. m. 13 2.57
November 29 and 30, 1892, from 10 p. m. 29 to 8 p. m. 30 3.26
January 3 and 4, 1895, from 6.20 p. m. 3 to 6.20 p. m. 4 2.66
MONTHLY EXTREMES OF PRECIPITATION.
Number of
Number of
times
times
Greatest
monthly pre-
cipitation.
Least
monthly pre-
cipitation.
monthly
precipita-
tion nas
exceeded
Greatest
monthly pre-
cipitation.
Least
monthly pre-
cipitation.
monthly
precipita-
tion nas
exceeded
normal in
normal in
Month.
50 years.
Total.
Month.
50 years.
Total.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
In
first
25
In
sec-
ond
25
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
In
first
25
In
sec-
ond
25
years.
years.
years.
years.
Inches.
Inches.
Inches.
Inches.
_
15.04
1862
0.15
1889
9
11
:; i
July
0.63
1860
0.00
t a \
2
2
4
8.50
1854
0.04
1899
12
11
23
August
0.20
1896
0.00
(a)
1
2
3
10.00
1850
0.04
1898
11
12
23
September
1.26
1895
0.00
2
12
14
11857
1
October
fi.02
1889
0.00
6
8
14
\pril
14.20
1880
T.
11875
1 8
8
16
(1884
May
3.25
1889
0.00
7
9
16
November
11.34
1885
0.00
(1890
1 U
8
19
1.45
1884
0.00
()
3
8
11
December
13.40
1852
0.00
1876
10
8
18
"Many yctirs.
104
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
AVERAGE HOURLY WIND VELOCITY (MILES PER HOUR).
[Record began July 1, 1877, to December 31, 1900.]
Hour.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
A. M.
1 . .
6.7
7.0
7.2
7.3
8.0
9.6
8.1
7.4
6.8
5.9
5.5
6.2
2
6.7
7.0
7.2
7.0
7.4
7.9
7.6
7.2
6.3
5.6
5.6
6.3
3
6.6
6.9
7.2
6.8
7.2
7.7
7.7
7.4
6.4
5.6
5.6
6.4
5
6.5
7.1
7.1
7.0
7.2
7.6
7.8
7.5
6.5
5.8
5.5
6.5
Q
6.5
7.1
7.1
6.8
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.2
6.3
5.4
5.3
6.5
7
6.4
7.0
7.1
6.7
7.3
7.3
7.1
6.9
6.0
5.5
5.2
8
6.4
6.9
7.1
6.6
7.1
7.0
6.8
6.4
5.7
5.4
5.2
6.3
9
6 4
6.6
6.8
6.3
6.8
6.8
6.5
6.0
5.6
5.3
5.2
6.4
10
6.4
6.6
7.0
6.4
7.0
7.1
6.5
5.6
5.4
5.1
5.1
6.5
11
6 5
C. 7
7.0
7.2
7.7
7.3
6.6
5.5
5.5
5.1
5.1
6.4
12 (noon)
6.7
7.1
7.9
8.1
8.3
7.5
6.6
5.4
5.8
5.5
5.3
6.7
P. M.
1
7.1
7.7
8.8
8.5
8.7
7.9
6.7
5.6
6.2
6.1
5.8
7.1
2
7 1
8 2
9
9 1
9.0
8.2
6.9
5 8
6 6
6 5
6.3
7.2
3
8.1
8.8
9.4
9.6
9.4
8.2
7.2
6.1
6.8
6.9
6.6
7.8
4
8.2
9.0
9.7
9.7
9.7
8.8
7.4
6.2
6.9
7.2
6.8
7.9
5
8.1
9.0
9.8
9.7
9.9
9.3
7.9
6.7
7.0
7.1
6.9
7.8
6
8.0
9.0
9.6
9.7
10.1
9.8
8.5
7.2
7.1
6.9
6.6
7.5
7 8
8.6
9 4
9.6
10.4
10.3
8.9
7.6
7 1
6.7
6.0
7.0
g
7.0
7.7
8.9
9.2
10.2
10.4
9.2
7.9
6.9
5.7
5.0
6.2
9
6.4
7.0
8.1
8.7
9.0
10.5
9.3
8.0
6.7
5.4
4.9
6.1
10
6.4
6.7
7.4
6.8
9.3
10.2
9.0
7.9
6.7
5.8
5.1
6.2
11
6.5
6.8
7.3
7.9
8.8
9.8
9.1
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.2
6.2
12 (midnight)
6.6
6.9
7.5
7 6
8 5
9 3
8 4
7.8
7.2
6.0
5.5
6 2
6 3
7.8
7 7
9 2
8
9
8 3
8.9
7.5
7.2
6 6
6.8
NUMBER OF DAYS WITH PRECIPITATION, PROM JULY 1, 1877, TO DECEMBER 31, 1900.
Month.
Less than
0.01 inch.
0.01 to 0.10
inch.
0.11 to 0.25
inch.
0.26 to 0.50
inch.
0.51 to 1
inch.
Over 1
inch.
:',<>
78
43
34
37
25
33
62
35
30
30
17
47
90
46
40
30
11
April
41
59
32
30
20
6
May
38
36
22
17
10
3
22
18
4
4
1
July
16
1
13
2
1
19
1
ts
8
3
27
34
20
IS
8
23
47
27
28
19
n
35
82
51
36
48
19
Total . .
373
521
293
245
205
100
NUMBER OF CLEAR, PARTLY CLOUDY, CLOUDY, RAINY, AND FOGGY DAYS, AND TOTAL NUMBER OF THUNDERSTORMS
AND AURORAS FROM JULY 1, 1877, TO DECEMBER 31, 1900.
S
o
o
d
X V
!g
umber
torms.
I
= /
s
a
S
o
S
K
umber
torms.
ci
Is
Month
^
=S
-c
c e
OJ
c s
Month.
3
^fi
o .
BE
= s
>>
*o
>>
^.-o
D
.
>,
K*i U
>i
_*o
_, a
s
?
c o
6C
-
3"
s
2
C
be
IB
",*
5
I
5
2
5
o
H
<2
C
i
^
S
260
195
247
217
131
2
Sep'.ember
599
88
33
35
i
VI
275
219
156
176
43
3
514
186
64
80
15
3
o
311
218
184
116
14
9
November
419
160
141
134
53
3
April
348
228
114
147
3
10
253
215
276
223
153
2
o
May
441
182
90
88
16
D
o in
548
107
35
26
1
6
(")
Annual average ..
229
80
56
53
18
3
......
July
698
40
6
1
3
Aueust . .
674
57
13
3
5
(Two in November, 1882.
CLIMATOLOGY OF THE GREAT VALLEY.
NUMBER OF HIGH WINDS FROM JULY 1, 1877, TO DECEMBER 31, 1900.
105
1
Velocity
1
"elocity.
i
Velocity
Month.
25 to 30
miles.
31 to 40
mil&.
Over 40
miles.
Month.
25 to 30
miles.
31 to 40
miles.
Over 40
miles.
Month.
25 to 30
miles.
31 to 40
^miles.
Over 40
miles.
11
7
10
1
November
8
8
4
1
July
6
December
12
11
5
March 8
9
5
August
3
.
April < 8
14
1
September
8
4
Mav > 11
9
2
October
11
8
1
HIGHEST WIND VELOCITY, DIRECTION, AND DATE FROM JULY 1, 1877, TO APRIL 30, 1901.
Velocity.
Direc-
tion.
Dav anil
year.
Velocity.
Direc-
tion.
Dav and
year.
SE.
3,1901
July
30
NW.
1,1892
NW
10 1894
28
sw.
65,1896
March 48
SE.
a29,1892
September
36
NW.
23,1889
April 40
NW.
8,1900
October
48
s.
20,1894
May 44
NW.
9,1895
November
51
SE.
21,1900
June 42
NW.
12,1886
December
60
SE.
9,1894
a Also on March 4, 1888, from the SE.. and March 2, 1896, from the S.
6 Also on August 20, 1899, from the SW.
e Also on September 21, 1895, from the NW., and September 20, 1900, from the NW.
GREATEST PRECIPITATION IN THE SHORTEST PERIODS OF TIME FROM JULY, 1877, TO APRIL, 1901.
Date. Duration.
Inches.
Average
inch
per hour.
Date.
Duration.
Inches.
Average
inch
per hour.
h.m.
Januarv 15 1878 14 20
1.63
6.11
April21,1880
h. m.
2200
7.24
33
January 22, 1878 208
1.54
0.72
April24,1896
1200
1.60
0.13
is oo
1.29
0.16
April29,1901
1200
1.45
12
2 66
0.11
Mav 5, 1889
1200
1 14
10
1 800
1 77
0.22
May5,1900
1100
1 32
12
January 23, 1886...
* 1 1540
2.58
0.17
Octobers, 1882.
800
1.10
0.14
\\ 800
Januarys 1888...
1.40
0.18
1630
1.82
0.11
1 12 30
1.86
0.15
October 21 1899
1200
1.48
0.12
1200
Januarv 15 1894
1.52
0.13
2315
2.08
0.09
1020
2.25
1.26
0.10
0.12
November 17, 1885
430
630
1.67
1.35
0.37
0.21
1200
Januarv 20 1896
2.66
1.44
0.11
0.12
700
1800
1.27
4.29
0.18
0.24
[ 1825
1.84
0.10
November 16, 1888 .
1200
1.65
0.14
1600
Februarv 5 1887
1.85
0.12
1
2400
1.95
0.08
3 46
11
November 30 1892
745
2.26
29
Februarv 23 1891 740
1.20
0.16
f 1200
1.60
0.13
November 21, 1900 .
|
[ 900
Februarv 19 1894 .H
1.83
0.20
I 2100
2.32
0.11
I 16 30
2.16
0.13
December 2, 1880
I 800
1.21
0.15
Februarv 5 1901 11 45
1.42
0.12
( 2400
2.58
0.11
March 5 1879 8 00
1.00
0.13
December 4, 1881
800
1.16
0.15
March 9 1884 8 00
2.14
0.27
December 23, 1884
800
1.31
0.16
March 13 1889 12 00
2.21
0.18
December 25,1884
600
1.87
0.31
March 15 1899 11 30
1.70
0.15
December 21, 1885
1100
2.81
0.26
200
1.99
1.00
December 24, 1885
f 600
1.40
0.23
800
April 20, 1880
4.15
0.52
1 900
1.85
0.21
1600
6.35
0.40
106
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFOKNIA.
FRESNO.
By Mr. J. P. BOLTON, Observer, Weather Bureau.
Fresdo, Cal., in latitude 36 43' North, longitude 119 49' West, is situated in the fertile
San Joaquin Valley, nearly midway between the Sierra Nevada and Coast Range mountains. Its
climate in a general sense may be divided into two seasons, a wet season and a dry season.
During the period from October to May, comprising the wet season, Fresno County is
favored with well-distributed rains at irregular intervals, aggregating for the season an averago
of about 10.12 inches. The greatest number of consecutive days with rain was eight, in January,
1895, the greatest amount recorded in any twenty-four consecutive hours being 2.10 inches
December 29 to 30, 1891.
The annual precipitation of the Sierra Nevada Mountains is much greater than that of the
valley; precipitation in those high altitudes occurs mostly in the form of snow which is pre-
served by the cold of elevation in sufficient quantities to furnish abundance of , water to our
rivers, creeks, and canals during the dry season. The run-off, or amount of water which may
be made available for the purposes of agriculture through this process of conservation, is
estimated to be about 45 per cent of the total annual precipitation on the west side of the crest
of the range.
A dry season prevails over this section during the period from May to September.
The highest temperature ever recorded at Fresno was 114, on July 1, 1891; the lowest was
20 above zero, on January 17, 1888.
MEAN MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Get.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1888
44.1
53.2
54.1
67.1
08.6
74.1
80.6
86.3
83.4
68.9
56.0
48.6
65.4
1889
48.6
50.5
58.4
63.5
09. 6
79.5
82.6
82.2
75.6
62.8
54.1
49.1
64.3
1890
42.3
41.2
64.6
61.2
69.4
73.4
82.5
80.8
74.6
64.5
56.9
43.8
62.6
1891
45.4
48.5
54.4
59.0
67.1
73.0
83.6
83.6
74.6
67.0
66.2
43.9
63.0
1892
48.5
53.2
65.6
57.6
67.2
72.8
79.4
81.4
73.6
63.9
66.4
47.4
63.1
1893
42.8
48.4
52.2
55.9
66.9
73.2
80.8
82.0
68.4
60.8
52.8
48.4
61.0
1894
43 8
46.8
53.0
62.2
67.6
68.9
82.7
82.1
74.0
64.0
58.6
47.6
62.6
1896.. .
45 3
52.6
53.7
60.0
67.4
77.2
79.4
80.6
70.4
66.6
52.8
43.6
62.5
1896
50 6
53.4
56.3
54.7
63.9
78.6
85.0
79.8
72.6
66.7
53.2
49.5
63.7
1897
43.7
49.2
48.6
63.5
71.7
74.3
82.8
81.8
72.8
61.2
52.0
45.1
62.3
1898
41 7
53.8
52.8
65.4
65.2
72.2
83.9
81.6
72.8
64.6
52.6
45.2
63.1
1899
50.0
51.2
54.4
61.1
63.2
78.3
81.8
75.1
77.3
60.4
54.4
43.8
62.6
1900
46 7
51.4
69.2
58.3
68.4
77.3
82.4
75.2
69.5
62.6
57.5
45.2
62.6
45 3
50.2
54.4
60.8
67.4
74.1
82.1
81.0
73.8
64.2
54.6
47.0
63.0
SUMMARIES OF MONTHLY MEANS AND EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE.
Highest
monthly
mean.
Lowest
monthly
mean.
Absolute
maximum.
Absolute
minimum.
Highest
monthly
mean.
Lowest
monthly
mean.
Absolute
maximum.
Absolute
minimum.
Tem-
Tem-
Tem-
Tem-
Tem-
Tem-
Tem-
Tem-
pera-
Date.
pera-
Date.
pera-
Date.
pera-
Date.
pera-
Date.
pera-
Date.
pera-
Date.
pera-
Date.
ture.
ture.
ture.
ture.
ture.
ture.
ture.
ture.
o
o
o
January
50.6
1896
41.7
1898
69.0
15, 1893
20.0
1,1888
August
86.3
1888
75.1
1889
113.0
11, 1898
51.0
27, 1895
February ...
53.8
1898
47.2
1890
80.0
20, 1896
24.0
6, 1899
September .
83.4
1888
68.4
1893
111.0
24, 1888
44.0
22, 1895
March
58.4
1889
48.6
1397
86.0
6,1899
28.0
1,1888
October
68.9
1888
60.4
1899
98.0
4,1889
36.0
17, 1892
April ' 67.1
1888
54.7
1896
101.0
25, 1898
34.0
5, 1895
November .
68.6
1894
52.0
1897
82.0
7, 1894
27.0
25, 1898
May 71.7
1897
63 2
1899
104
21 1892
38.0
1,1899
December..
49.5
1896
43.6
1895
71.0
5, 1895
23.0
21,1897
June
79.5
1889
68.9
1894
112.0
30, 1891
46.0
2, 1899
Annual.
86.3
41.7
114.0
20.0
July
85.0
18%
79.4
J18921
\1895f
114.0
1, 1891
51.0
8, 1891
CLIMATOLOGY OF THE GREAT VALLEY.
DATES or FROST.
107
Year.
Last light
< frost.
1
Last kill-
ing frost.
First light First kill-
frost. ; ing frost.
Year. '-".
t light Last kill- 'First light
rost. ing frost. , frost.
First kill-
ing frost.
1888
Mar 6
Mar. 1
Feb. 19
Apr. 14
Mar. 29
Mar. 28
Mar. 13
Mar. 4
! NOT 7 ' '
1895 ' M
r. 21 Apr. 5 ; XOT. 22
pr. 15 ' Mar. 1 : XOT. 26
ar. 23 Mar. 30 j XOT. 16
P. 27 ! Mar. 22 XOT. 7
ft. 29 ; Feb. 7 I Dec. 10
ft. 9 Feb. 8 Oct. 30
XOT. 23
NOT. 29
NOT. 26
NOT. 21
1889
Feb. 20
XOT. 6 \ Dec. 21 >
; XOT. 9 Dec. 6 j
j Oct. 2 : Dec. 3
I NOT. 15 NOT. 25
Xov. 16 SOT. 18
i Dec. 14 : Dec. 2
1896 i A
1890
Mar. 27
1897 M
1891
.. Apr 8
1898 M
1892
Apr. 18
1899 A
1833
... ' Apr. 13
1900 A
Dec. 28
1894
' Apr. 17
MONTHLY, AXXTJAL AXD SEASONAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUXDREDTHS).
[An accurate record of rainfall was kept by Louis Enstein from August, 1881, to August. 1887; measurements were made with a standard rain
gauge. Weather Bureau records began in August, 1887.]
Year.
Jan. Feb.
Mar. Apr.
May.
June. July. Aug. Sept.
Oct. NOT.
Dec.
n'uai i Seasonal.
1882
0.54
0.54
2.54
0.63
2.82
0.40
1.75
0.34
2.12
0.88
0.48
1.04
2.27
4.14
2.89
1.93
0.42
1.92
1.52
L44
0.27
4.35
0.00
0.68
3.09
0.13
0.32
0.80
2.24
1.00
2.21
2.02
1.70
0.06
2.65
1.15
0.02
0.08
1.80
3.28
3.77
0.76
1.34
0.17
1.96
2.07
1.04
0.81
1.69
4.22
0.29
1.84
1.21
1.64
0.71
2.90
0.88
1.36
1.01
3.42
1.32
2.87
2.93
0.22
0.54
0.17
0.49
0.79
0.34
0.10
0.99
2.82
0.30
0.00
0.36
1.21
0.21
1.69
1.43
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.56
0.57
0.45
0.03
1.44
T.
1.16
0.52
0.02
0.00
0.79
0.06
1.97
0.00
0.00
1.25
T.
0.00
0.04
T.
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.06
0.00
1.16
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
0.66
T.
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
T. T.
0.00 T.
0.00 T.
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
T. 0.00
T. T.
T. T.
0.07 0.15
0.00 T.
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
T. I 0.00
0.56
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.49
0.06
0.00
1.26
0.27
T.
0.01
0.75
0.07^
0.06
T.
1.12
0.00
a 16
1.07
1.17
0.46*
0.11
0.57
0.15
0.00
3.17
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.02
0.37
0.16
1.28
1.19
0.03
2.01
0.33
1.00
0.17
0.08
9.54
0.80
0.32
2.38
1.39
0.22
0.21
0.39
0.16
0.27
0.19
1.46
0.22
0.34
1.52
4.61
0.42
0.56
3.93
2.06
0.44
1.16
1.71
3.87
2.30
3.99
2.56
1.40
4.09
0.78
1.00
0.48
0.43
1.09
0.33
7.89 ' 1881-82
8.69 18S2-83
21.23 j 1883-84
14.44 1884-85
9.55 : 1885-86
- ---
8.76 , 1887-88
12.27 ; 1888-89
8.36 1889-90
S.94 1 1890-91
8. 75 1 1891-92
9.40 1892-93
12.48 1893-94
10.39 1894-96
11.02 1895-96
- a 1896-97
4.99 i 1897-98
10.54 ; 1898-99
11.09 1 \m m
6.91
9.33
18.90
7.20
19.45
8.47
6.73
7.99
13.01
8.25
9.93
11.10
8.59
14.67
8.42
10.32
4.94
7.98
10.28
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1S88
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900..
Average
1.54
1.27 1.70
1.12
0.58
0.17
T. 0.01
0.26 0.65
1.33
1.72
10.31
10.13
GREATEST PRECIPITATION ( INCHES AXD HUXDREDTHS) ix TWEXTY-POCR HOCHS.
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
NOT.
Dec.
Greatest
annual.
1888... 0.95
0.13
1.05
0.20
0.31
T.
T.
T.
0.06
00
1 33
71
1 33
1889 29
0.53
0.55
0.32
0.33
00
00
T
00
1 73
48
75
1 73
1890 71
9.30
0.33
0.15
0.43
0.00
00
T.
1 12
00
22
L21
1 21
1891 54
50
0.26
0.29
02
02
00
00
27
00
**1
2 10
2.10
1892... 24
0.38
0.53
0.43
0.82
06
00
00
T
32
22
66
82
1893 39
1 48
1 22
32
T
00
T
00
01
02
15
55
UN... 1.28
0.62
0.20
0.07
0.94
74
T
T
75
28
27
1 12
1895. ' 1 16
0.96
0.52
0.84
0.52
00
T
T
06
13
12
40
1 46
1896 1 05
06
50
1 68
02
00
06
15
06
1 28
1 01
56
1 fiS
1897. . 0. 73
1.16
0.50
0.30
00
T
00
T
T
48
13
25
1898. 17
49
30
00
74
00
00
uO
1 12
03
34
1899. . 1 84
02
99
31
06
60
00
00
00
85
72
Greatest 1 46
1 48
1 22
- -
94
74
06
15
1 12
1 73
1 33
Date 4-5
8-9
20
24-25
14-15
30
29
22-23
16
9-30
Dec
Year. . . 1895
-
1896
--,
1896
:--
1*01
1R01
a Abo September 25-26. 1898.
108
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFOBNIA.
MONTHLY EXTREMES OF PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
Month.
Greatest monthly
precipitation.
Least monthly
precipitation.
Times ex-
ceeding
normal.
Month.
Greatest monthly
precipitation.
Least monthly
precipitation.
Times ex-
ceeding
normal.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
4.14
4.35
4.22
3.42
1.69
1.16
1895
1884
1893
1884
1883
1894
0.34
0.00
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
1889
1885
1887
1898
1897
w
7
6
7
1
7
2
July
0.07
0.15
1.26
3.17
9.64
4.09
1896
1896
1890
1889
1885
1894
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.42
()
()
()
1890
1884
1882
5
7
4
4
4
6
August
September.
October
May
November
December
WEATHER.
Month.
Average number of
Month.
Average number of
Clear
days.
Partly
cloudy
days.
Cloudy
days.
Rainy
days.
Clear
days.
Partly
clpudy
days.
Cloudy
days.
Rainy
days.
9
15
13
19
21
26
29
8
7
10
;
3
2
14
6
8
3
3
1
8
6
8
3
3
1
August
25
25
20
17
9
6
3
7
7
9
2
4
6
13
1
3
4
t
September
October
April
November
May
December
June
228
77
60
46
July
FOGGY DAYS AND DAYS WITH THUNDERSTORMS IN TWELVE YEARS.
Month.
Foggy days.
Total
thunder-
storms.
Month.
Foggy days.
Total
thunder-
storms.
Number.
Average.
Number.
Average.
144
44
25
3
o
12
4
2
1
3
6
1
3
July
1
4
15
75
160
1
6
13
1
2
12
5
1
September
April
October
May
November
HIGHEST WIND VELOCITY (MILES PER HOUR) AND DIRECTION FOR TWELVE YEARS.
Month.
Year.
Velocity.
Direction.
Month.
Year.
Velocity.
Direction.
1898
Milet.
32
NW.
July
1893
Milet.
24
NW.
1894
30
NW
1891
24
NW.
1896
38
SE
1899
28
NW.
April
1894
30
NW.
October
1892
25
NW.
May
1894
30
NW.
1892
30
SE.
1891
30
NW.
December
1891
24
NW.
CLIMATOLOGY OF THE GREAT VALLEY.
AVERAGE MONTHLY RELATIVE HCMIDITY (PER CENT) FOR TWELVE YEARS.
109
Month.
Percent.
Month.
Per cent.
79
July .
33
Tol
August '
34
March
68
September
42
April
|
October .
56
Mav
51
November
65
11
82
i
m
*. . :-,--*
gj.t^.^-c*
155?'^.
iHIJIliF'l'^'
' i * A'
-,^y>'
-- > ii
Si
Fie. 12. Seasonal rainfall at Fresnu, Cal., Iruui UK tu 1901.
110
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
SUNSHINE FOR THE YEARS 1898, 1899, AND 1900.
[N. lat. 36 43'.]
\
Percentage of sunshine recorded during hours ending (local time)
Total
(hours).
Per-
centage
of pos-
sible.
5k
a.m.
6'
7k
8k
9k
10k
Ilk
Noon.
Ik
2h
3k
4k
5k
6k
7k
8k
1898.
56
44
41
50
55
59
65
61
63
71
61
68
70
76
62
67
75
76
66
65
' 82
83
68
63
79
85
. 71
65
77
82
68
60
65
69
66
53
51
40
45
38
83
47
43
37
197.6
198.7
212.2
223.2
68
68
57
55
February . . . . '. .
71
38
53
March
33
49
46
40
59
May
June....
50
58
67
50
65
73
64
100
47
55
74
66
41
67
50
61
.70
68
46
60
49
63
69
75
66
63
60
45
73
69
78
77
58
67
58
70
70
78
79
55
77
71
72
75
75
83
66
80
74
80
75
76
80
58
81
77
74
71
79
78
58
70
73
73
68
70
70
64
57
67
61
52
64
66
60
49
54
54
44
55
61
44
46
60
52
41
69
66
36
64
51
71
48
57
48
56
285.4
283.0
311.2
264.2
177.2
190.6
175.2
62
60
72
70
52
66
63
July
August
October
December
Sum
Percentage of pos-
sible
1899.
January
February
84
30
80
85
85
97
87
83
40
82
43
82
95
90
100
93
89
49
11
1
97
54
87
99
93
100
96
97
64
31
11
98
69
96
98
95
100
95
99
69
38
13
100
72
95
97
99
100
96
98
77
49
14
100
73
98
97
100
100
95
100
75
53
19
100
68
96
97
99
100
95
100
81
57
23
100
74
87
97
97
100
94
100
77
61
20
100
75
87
98
96
100
94
98
75
56
23
95
67
86
97
94
100
95
98
65
44
18
84
55
. 81
95
90
99
93
89
47
25
10
70
37
60
91
90
97
88
85
31
284.5
219. 9
333.1
405.0
406.7
438.0
387.3
353.4
225.9
126.8
46.0
94
59
84
92
92
98
92
95
65
41
15
March
27
83
69
83
91
82
93
100
17
48
83
87
91
84
100
70
88
88
60
April
May
61
84
81
July
September
October
November
December
Sum
Percentage of pos-
, sible
1900.
January
6
65
54
71
75
89
95
90
88
66
20
3
7
77
68
76
80
91
96
92
95
74
27
3
8
81
86
82
86
96
94
97
96
75
41
3
13
80
91
82
91
99
97
98
99
81
48
3
15
81
93
82
89
100
97
99
98
84
50
4
17
86
98
84
92
97
94
99
97
89
53
15
22
82
96
83
86
98
97
100
100
93
50
21
25
81
97
84
78
95
%
99
97
84
44
15
22
83
92
78
79
95
97
97
92
80
37
12
17
74
83
71
79
91
%
95
85
65
29
11
6
62
64
65
67
80
94
90
74
58
100
46.6
236.6
303.7
295.6
337.9
398.9
424.7
396.7
338.6
267.6
121.9
26.9
15
78
82
75
77
yi
95
94
91
77
40
9
February
72
55
62
61
86
94
87
77
59
30
March
82
52
58
83
93
89
75
50
7>
60
59
74
91
87
67
70
74
90
100
April
May
78
83
95
July ...
August
October
December i
Sum
256
582
683
722
60
786
66
845
70
882
74
892
74
921
77
928
77
895
75
864
72
7%
72
760
516
334
3, 195. 7
266.3
824
69
Percentage of pos-
sible
j
a No record.
CLIMATE OF SANTA CLARA VALLEY.
The Santa Clara Valley lies between the Santa Cruz Mountains on the west and the foothills
of the Coast Range on the east. In some respects it is an ideal valley in which to study the gen-
eral movements of the air and the modifications of the same due to topography. We are fortu-
nately able to discuss the principal climatic factors for the following stations: Menlo Park, San
Mateo. San Jose, and the Lick Observatory at Mount Hamilton. Mount Tamalpais and San
Francisco should be added to the list for a proper understanding of the air movement through
the valley. As has been stated before, the prevailing westerly winds are strongly intensified
at the Golden Gate, and the whole effect of the topography is to force the air down the valley.
Some interesting relations showing the effect of topography upon rainfall become apparent.
The mountain stations show a much larger rainfall. On Tamalpais the rainfall exceeds that of
San Francisco in the ratio of 3 to 2, and at Mount Hamilton the rainfall exceeds that of San Jose
in the ratio of 2 to 1. The gradual increase in rainfall even in so short a distance as 50 miles is
also apparent. The mean annual rainfall at San Jose is l-t.88 inches, at Menlo Park 16.43
inches, at San Mateo 20.71 inches, and at San Francisco 23 inches. In other words, within a
distance of 50 miles, from San Jose to San Francisco, we find an increase of nearly 8 inches in
rainfall, and this increase is nearl\ T in proportion to the distance from San Francisco.
The following comparative data for the six stations for a period of three years serve
excellently to show the general features of the climate of the Santa Clara Valley:
N MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Mean.
> -
Mount Tamalpais
40.8
46.4
46.6
56.0
50.5
61.9
70.0
67.5
62.6
59.4
51.2
45.7
54.9
46.7
52.6
5L2
54.5
52.6
59.0
56.0
58.0
59.0
61.2
55.4
497
54.7
35.7
42.8
39.1
50.8
47.9
62.0
71.4
70.5
61.8
56.0
46.5
43.3
52.3
San Jose
43.4
53.3
5L8
57.7
57.0
65.3
65.1
65.2
63.1
61.1
55.0
46.3
57.2
Menlo Park
44.9
52.6
49.9
59.1
58.7
66.7
69.0
66.6
65.1
60.5
52.4
46.0
57.6
San Mateo
45.9
52.6
54.7
61.3
61.5
70.2
67.8
71.8
64.9
62.8
54.3
47.6
59.6
1899.
47.8
47.6
44.6
51.6
51.2
66.8
71.0
61.4
73.2
55.3
49.4
47.7
55.6
53.0
51.6
62.2
54.6
52.6
56.9
55.9
58.3
58.2
59.3
56.8
49.6
54.9
Lick Observatorv
42.5
41.0
39.6
47.6
46.3
63.7
71.6
61.3
69.8
50.2
46.9
45.6
52.2
56.4
52.2
54.7
59.1
58.4
67.8
67.4
65.5
66.0
60.4
57.6
50.4
59.7
Menlo Park
47 8
50.0
53.5
57.4
58.4
66.0
65.9
65.8
63.3
59.2
56.0
48.6
57 7
San Mateo
51.6
49.0
52.8
56.4
58.0
68.3
67.7
67.4
64.9
61.0
58.8
49.3
58.8
1900.
47.4
48.4
52.2
48.6
55.4
62.2
69.8
64.0
60.4
55.2
53.6
48.8
55.5
50.7
53.6
55.2
54.0
57.0
57.6
58.2
59.7
63.3
58.9
56.3
50.2
56 2
47.5
43.0
48.1
43.0
52.9
63.8
71.6
62.1
56.3
51.6
51.1
47.2
53.2
51.3
53.5
56.4
58.8
64.8
67.8
69.8
70.0
68.4
63.4
58.2
50.6
61 1
Menlo Park
51.4
52.6
57.6
55.9
62.4
66.5
67.3
67.3
65.6
59.4
57.4
50.2
59.5
52.2
52.0
58.3
59.2
65.8
66.9
70.0
67.7
66.1
60.7
59.4
48.6
60.6
111
112
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1898.
Mount Tamalpais
6.69
0.73
0.60
4.84
1.05
0.00
0.00
0.80
1.48
1.35
1.42
1 12
2 13
0.24
19
1 44
19
00
T
1 06
86
46
1 62
9 31
Lick Observatory
2.30
4.16
2.04
0.84
2.41
0.38
0.00
0.00
0.29
1.33
1.23
2 13
17 11
9H
1.93
0.52
0.20
44
06
00
00
1 13
61
45
44
6 71
San Mateo
1.46
3.04
0.64
0.25
0.94
0.19
0.00
0.00
1 57
0.81
0.55
1.35
10 80
1.38
2.24
0.58
15
63
00
00
00
2 00
73
31
99
9 01
1899.
Mount Tamalpais
5.92
0.28
10.38
1.89
1.70
0.29
0.00
0.01
0.00
4 26
7.48
4.65
36.86
3.67
0.10
7.61
0.62
0.86
01
00
T
00
3 92
3 79
2 65
23 23
5 63
75
11 11
1 40
1 47
39
00
12
T
6 37
4 g2
4 16
36 32
1.88
0.21
4.17
0.48
0.65
T
00
00
00
3 26
2 79
1 43
14 78
4 21
37
9 02
1 0''
67
71
00
02
00
3 89
4 70
2 57
27 18
Menlo Park
3.62
0.42
6.07
0.34
0.70
0.05
00
05
00
3 08
3 22
1 87
19 39
1900.
6.04
1 91
2 91
2 52
58
31
00
00
1 10
3 44
4 31
2 82
25 94
San Francisco
4.11
0.64
1.91
1.08
0.32
0.05
T
T
46
1 48
3 91
1 37
15 33
3 26
1 70
3 37
4 06
1 35
T
01
02
08
3 48
7 76
2 21
27 50
San Jose
2.05
0.44
1.36
1.66
0.96
01
02
00
17
62
4 36
1 32
12 97
6 55
84
2 19
1 23
55
00
00
00
50
1 64
5 39
2 31
20 20
Menlo Park
3.69
0.52
1.46
1 00
0.66
0.05
00
00
00
2 00
4 61
1 99
15 98
The mean annual temperature for three years at Mount Tamalpais is 55.3, and for San
Francisco for the same period is 55.3, which is practically the temperature of the Pacific Ocean
near the Golden Gate. The mean annual temperature for San Jose for a period of twenty -six
years is 58, and for San Francisco 56. The mean annual temperature on Mount Hamilton is
52. At both of the mountain stations there is a well-marked seasonal curve of temperature.
Comparing the mean annual temperatures it would appear that from sea level to 1,000 meters
elevation the fall in temperature is 1.5 C. In January the mean temperatures are, from sea
level up, 10.1, 7.4, and 5.5 C., or there is a vertical gradient of 1 fall for 260 meters. But
in July this gradient is inverted, and the temperatures run from sea level upward as follows:
13.7, 21.3, and 22 C., or at the rate of 1 rise for 44 meters. These temperature inversions
are due to the water vapor carried by the winds through the Gate from the Pacific and down the
valleys. Under normal conditions ascending air cools at the rate of 1 C C. for 100 meters of
ascent. But our experiments at Mount Tamalpais show that often the temperature contrasts are
more marked than the general averages quoted above would indicate. Sea-level temperatures
(12 or 13 C.) and fog often prevail to the 500-meter level, while at 700 meters clear weather
with temperatures of 25 or 26 C. prevail. For example, on July 15, 1900, at 5 p. m., the
temperature at San Francisco was 11 C. (52 F.), at Point Reyes 13 C. (55 F.), and at Mount
Tamalpais 27 C. (80 F.). It is also interesting to note that the temperatures at Red Bluff,
Sacramento, and Fresno were respectively 39 C. (102 F.), 33 C. (92 F.), and 38 C. (100 F.).
The mean of three temperature values at different points in fog gave a temperature of 10 C. or
50 F. as the temperature of condensation or the dew-point. The maximum weight of the water
vapor per cubic foot at this temperature is 4.076 grains.
MENLO PARK.
Menlo Park is situated about 25 miles in an air line south of San Francisco, in latitude 37
27' north, longitude 122 11' west. To the east lies the southern portion of San Francisco Bay,
about 4 miles wide. The average elevation is between 50 and 60 feet. About 3 miles to the
west the land rises, varying in elevation from 100 to 500 feet. To the southwest, at a distance
of about 8 miles, the Montara Mountains attain heights of from 1,000 to 2,000 feet.
The mean annual temperature, based upon records covering a period of twent3 T -three years,
is 57.7, which is practically the same temperature as that of San Jose and about 2 warmer
than that of San Francisco. The coldest month is January, with a mean temperature of 47.3,
and the warmest is July, with a mean temperature of 67.7. The highest temperature recorded
is 106, in June, 1891, and the lowest 20, in December, 1879, and January, 1888. Reliable frost
data are not available.
CLIMATE OF SANTA CLARA VALLEY.
113
The mean annual rainfall, based upon records covering twenty-three years, is 16.43 inches,
or nearly 2 inches more than at San Jose and 7 inches less than at San Francisco. With the
single exception of a heavy rainfall in 1886, no rain has fallen in July. December is the month
of heaviest rainfall, and more than half of the annual rainfall occurs in the months of December,
January, February, and ,March. During the past twenty-three years there have been but two
years when the rainfall did not exceed 10 inches. In 1878 and 1898 the annual rainfall was
but slightly above 9 inches. There have been five years when the annual rainfall exceeded
20 inches. In 1889 the total rainfall for the year was 26.90 inches.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1878 46.3
49.3
55.4
59.2
64.9
67.6
67.0
64.2
61.9
58.2
51.6
45.8
57 6
1879 44 8
52.5
55
59 9
62.5
71 9
67 6
69 2
65
59 1
50 5
45 8
58 6
1880. 441
44.7
48.9
55.3
64.2
661
67.0
66.3
63.8
57.8
49.3
50 3
56 5
1881 49.3
53.1
53.9
61.0
64.2
67.3
69.7
66.8
63.2
56.0
50.3
49.0
58 6
1882 . 46. 6
15.4
52.1
55.7
65.5
66 6
69
67.7
63.3
58.8
50 7
49 4
1883. 43. 4
45.8
54.1
55.1
62.6
67.5
65.4
64.4
65.9
55 B
49.8
46.5
56 4
1884 46.4
48.1
53 2
57 2
65 6
65 3
69 3
66
59 6
56 5
53.3
48.3
57 4
1885 47.8
51.6
55.3
58.5
62.4
63.4
68.0
66 3
64.4
58 6
54.2
49 2
58 3
1886 47 8
52.3
50 1
54.9
61 7
65 5
66 5
65.4
61 1
55 5
48 7
50 5
56 7
1887 46.4
47.1
55.8
55.4
61
66 5
64 2
63.6
64 6
60 8
53 6
48.3
57 3
188$ 45. 8
52,5
51.4
59.0
60.4
67.0
70.2
69.5
66.7
61 7
55.2
53.1
59 4
K89 . 47.5
51.2
56 3
59.1
61 9
66 4
66
67 9
66 3
61 3
55 8
50 3
59 2
1890 45.4
47.8
53.7
57.0
C2.8
63.7
66.9
66.3
64.9
58 9
54.6
48 6
57 6
1891 ... . 48.7
51.4
55.4
561
61 1
67 3
67 6
68 2
64.8
60 9
56 1
48 3
58 8
1892 50.3
52.9
56.5
55.3
64.8
66.5
67 9
68
65 4
59 6
54 6
51 4
59 4
1893 47. 5
49.1
51 5
52.8
57 2
63 1
66 2
66 9
61 1
58 1
54 4
50 9
56 6
1894. 47.0
47.7
49.9
- |
59 7
63 1
67 8
67 3
66.4
61 2
55 5
49
57 8
1895 47 5
52.3
53
56 6
60 4
66 6
64 8
66 8
63 8
61 9
55
48 2
58 1
1896 52.7
54.7
55.5
54 8
60 5
67 5
74 6
67 5
64 4
60 5
52.1
51 5
59 7
1897 47 5
50 4
50 4
60
65
-
68 6
65 5
64 3
60 '1
51 9
48
50 3
1898 44. 9
52.6
49 9
59 1
58 7
66 7
69
66 6
65 1
60 5
52.4
46
57 6
^ao ! 17 8
50
53 5
57 4
58 4
66
65 9
65 8
63 3
59 2
56
48 6
57 7
1900 51 4
52.6
57 6
55 9
62 4
66 5
67 3
67 3
65 6
59 4
57 4
50 2
59 5
Mean (23 vears) 473
50 2
53 4
57 1
62 1
66 3
67 7
66 7
64 1
- ,
53 2
49
57 7
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
1878 2 98
2 21 1 72
1 36
10
00
00
T
00
00
42
25
9 04
1879 3.09
2 73 4 27
1 19
98
03
00
00
00
48
1 66
3.96
18 39
flfl 1 9?
1 79 1 65
6 44
69
00
00
00
00
00
59
8 93
22 01
1881 . 3 70
1.56 68
2 66
00
24
00
00
00
36
71
1 97
11 88
1882 0.65
1.17 I 3 71
67
18
00
00
00*
23
1 25
1 69
52
10 07
1883 . 2.38
52 2.70
76
> 49
00
00
00
20
73
28
85
10 91
1884 3. 35
4.07 4 80
3 40
00
3 16
00
05
04
1 86
7
4.92
25 92
1885 1 89
C 12 50
1 98
04
QO
00
00
02
09
6 "^
> 17
13 03
1886 4.97
37 1 1 65
3 34
08
00
24
00
00
86
40
1 26
13 17
1887 72
4 92 46
1 18
01
00
00
00
85
2.16
10 52
1888 3 *?
1 36 2.31
0*
37
1889 65
54 5 75
69
1 08
00
00
4 96
.
10 85
26 90
1890 7.45
3 27 ''76
51
1 48
00
00
00
18
00
00
2 61
18 26
1891 69
7 02 2.17
1 3
-
03
00
00
5 26
18 12
1892 . 1 07
1 39 2 91
47
1 43
00
00
00
00
1 14
4 69
6 55
19 65
1893 2,44
2.75 4 33
1 26
23
00
00
1 51
1894 4 60
2 80 57
00
99
01
00
00
1 65
1 51
46
9 65
** 24
1895 7 12
1 59 2 30
1 44
36
00
00
1 45
1896 ... 6 76
00 15
3 65
45
00
00
85
1 13
4 67
3 14
23 33
1897. , 1 69
39"' 4 20
13
00
00
00
1 63
1898 . 1.38
2 *M 58
15
63
<0 00
00
00
2.00
73
31
99
9 QJ
1899 3 6' J
42 6 67
34
07
05
1900 3.69
5 1 46
1 00
.
05
00
00
4 61
1 99
15 98
Average (23 vears ^ 3,04
2 06 -> 6
1 .so
55
16
01
1176 Bull. L US-
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan. '
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1878 .
73
79
90
98
86
82
92
85
70
72
1879
70
82
82
90
94
90
98
91
82
70
66
1880
66
66
72
78
90
92
86
82
90
78
74
62
1881
66
72
82
82
88
86
90
84
90
76
70
66
1882
64
66
8J
84
85
80
92
83
90
80
73
72
1883 .
64
74
78
74
92
90
96
96
99
80
72
66
1884
60
74
72
76
86
80
%
89
82
73
70
64
1885
64
72
74
82
92
81
94
%
95
88
70
66
1886
68
70
74
78
90
88
94
93
97
80
68
70
1887
74
65
81
84
102
103
87
86
94
89
75
60
1888
64
76
76
88
88
90
101
96
91
85
72
63
1889
64
69
81
81
86
85
96
88
%
88
75
62
1890
63
65
74
82
96
92
94
92
88
86
78
67
1891
68
62
74
80
88
106
95
104
88
87
71
62
1892
65
69
79
79
96
91
102
102
90
78
75
67
1893
65
68
80
74
86
96
88
84
80
82
72
71
1894
60
62
70
84
86
90
90
98
98
88
75
60
1895
68
67
70
82
90
94
. 90
90
92
84
7
68
1896
66
72
72
72
98
94
92
84
88
87
75
62
1897
57
68
68
85
94
95
94
86
92
78
70
66
1898
58
70
75
89
85
98
97
90
86
86
78
65
1899
80
78
80
84
90
95
92
92
92
96
69
64
1900
64
68
75
73
86
91
92
99
95
84
72
66
f 80
78
82
89
102
106
102
104
99
96
78
72
1 1899
1899
01879
1898
1887
1891
1892
1891
1883
1899
al890
01878
"Also other years.
MINIMUM TEMPERATURES (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
1878
34
44
50
55
52
54
45
38
32
24
1879
30
35
46
46
58
54'
58
50
40
30
20
1880
26
28
30
42
48
50
56
52
52
44
28
32
1881
32
38
34
48
50
54
54
56
46
36
30
30
1882 .
26
24
32
40
52
55
58
54
45
36
30
32
1883
24
24
40
40
46
54
54
52
48
37
29
27
1884
28
24
36
45
54
56
56
53
44
40
35
24
1885
32
32
38
40
49
49
51
51
46
39
35
34
1886 .
28
37
34
37
46
50
52
50
42
38
31
32
1887
28
28
34
42
42
44
46
44
46
40
26
32
1888
20
34
36
42
50
56
52
54
50
40
33
38
1889
32
32
40
46
48
54
54
50
48
44
38
34
1890 . . .
28
30
36
40
47
52
53
52
47
41
36
32
1891
29
32
37
43
50
51
53
53
47
41
35
29
1892
36
32
38
40
46
51
52
50
48
42
38
33
1893
31
35
36
39
44
' 48
50
50
45
40
33
30
1894
30
33
33
40
43
48
52
40
49
42
38
33
1895 .
32
35
35
38
46
48
42
56
48
46
36
29
18%
31
36
34
40
50
52
55
54
50
44
30
36
1897
32
32
35
42
50
56
56
52
49
42
34
29
1898
27
36
32
40
32
50
52
52
50
44
34
28
1899
32
26
38
44
44
52
50
50
50
40
42
32
1900
36
36
38
38
50
52
52
54
50
40
40
36
f 20
24
30
37
32
44
42
40
42
36
26
20
1 1888
01882
1880
1886
1898
1887
1895
1894
1886
01881
1887
1879
a Also other years.
CLIMATE OF SANTA CLARA VALLEY.
115
SAN MATEO.
[Data from records of Southern Pacific Railway Company.]
San Mateo is situated in latitude 37 34' north, longitude 122 19' west, about 14 miles in
an air line south and slightly east of San Francisco. By railroad the distance Ls about 22 miles.
The elevation is about 22 feet above sea level. To the north and east, at a distance of about 1
mile, are the waters of San Francisco Bay, while to the west, stretching northwest to southeast,
are the hills of the Buriburi ridge, with elevations varying from 200 to 600 feet.
The mean annual temperature, based upon records covering a period of twenty-seven years,
from 1874 to 1900, inclusive, is 57.6, which, it is interesting to notice, is almost that of Menlo
Park, 57.7, and practically the same as that of San Jose. The coldest month is January, with a
mean temperature of 47.9. and the warmest is July, 65.4. It will be noticed that July is 2.3
cooler than at Menlo Park, and 1.3 cooler than at San Jose, but 6.6 warmer than at San
Francisco. The highest temperature recorded is 100, in May, 1887, and the lowest 25-, on
several dates. Reliable frost data are not available.
The mean annual rainfall is 20.71 inches, or about 4 inches more than at Menlo Park.
With the single exception of a rain in 1886, no rain has fallen during the month of July.
The month of heaviest rainfall is January, and in this respect San Mateo differs from other
points in the valley, December being the month of heaviest rainfall elsewhere. In the past
twenty-seven years there has been but one year when the rainfall did not exceed 10 inches.
In 1877 but 8 inches of rain fell. There have been fourteen years when the annual rainfall
exceeded 20 inches. In 1894 over 34 inches fell. The greatest monthly precipitation amounted
to 12.44 inches, during December, 1889.
MONTHLY AXD ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1874 . .
48.4
48.4
51.0
59.3
62.8
67.7
64.3
67.0
63.2
57.6
53 1
46 8
1875
47.0
48.4
53.2
57.1
61.8
61.2
59.7
58.2
57.4
57.3
55.3
50.0
55 6
1876
46.0
48.7
52.7
55.8
60.0
66.6
60.3
61.6
60 6
57 5
54.6
47 6
1877
48.7
53.6
55.5
55.5
56.4
66.4
63.8
61.2
62.8
. 58.0
52.6
50.0
57
1878
50.9
50.5
53.0
56.0
60.8
64.5
66 4
66.3
65.4
63.4
57 1
49
58 6
1879 .
48.3
53.9
58.2
60.8
60.8
68.6
65.6
68.0
64.1
61.1
51.8
46
58 9
1880
43.1
40.5
49.9
55.1
63.1
65.9
67 2
64 5
65
59 6
49 3
50 8
56 2
1881 . -
50. 8
51.7
50.8
56.5
59.2
60.5
62.0
60
58 8
51 6
46 5
45 6
54.5
1882
43.6
42.5
47.7
49.1
56.5
58.5
60.2
62.8
60.7
56.6
49.4
48 5
53.0
1883
43.2
44.9
52.3
52.9
57.6
64.5
62.1
60 9
64.3
54 9
49 1
46 1
54.4
1884
44.8
45.8
50.2
53.0
59.2
60.8
64.3
60 2
59.8
54.1
52.5
48 9
54.5
1885
47.6
5LO
53.5
56.6
60.2
61.2
68.1
65.2
66.4
61.3
57.9
53.6
58 6
1886
50.3
54.7
5S.8
57.8
64.0
66.6
- .
67 5
65 1
59 2
54.0
54.1
59 6
1887
50.3
47.0
55.1
57.2
60.6
64.9
63.6
63.6
64.3
64.4
51.2
50 1
57 7
1888 .
46 5
5L2
51.7
58.3
58 2
67 1
69 7
66 7
>
58.1
49 3
50 6
57 5
1889
45.5
49.1
54.4
> .
69.7
63.9
60.6
7
64.8
57 4
54.9
49 3
57 5
1890
44 1
44.7
49 1
53.6
60 7
59 3
60 4
65 3
61 8
57 2
55 6
47 1
54.9
1891
47.5
50 3
52.7
55.4
59 2
65 7
67 8
68 4
66 1
58.5
56.4
47 2
57 9
1892
47 7
49 5
53 2
53 1
60 2
60 3
64.0
64.5
62.4
56 5
53 8
51 3
56 4
1893
47 9
49 1
54.4
56
62 6
65 3
69
65 5
63.1
59 3
55 3
53
- :
1894
49 3
49 9
51 7
59 9
62 4
62.7
67 4
67 8
69 6
62.3
57 6
51 9
59 4
1895 ..
49 6
52.9
54.5
- ,
62.3
64.6
65
63 5
65 3
61 7
56 5
50 2
58 7
1896
53.6
56.0
58.0
57.1
63.3
70.0
69 6
67 2
64 4
60 8
53 6
53 2
60 6
1897
49 7
52.2
52.5
62.7
65 6
68.4
70 5
66.0
66 4
60 9
53 9
.-
59 8
1898
45.9
52.6
54.7
61 3
61 5
70 2
67 8
71 8
64.9
.
54.3
47 6
59 6
1899
51 6
49
y 8
56 4
58
68 3
67 7
67 4
64 9
61
58 8
49 3
58 8
1900
52.2
52.0
58 3
59 2
65 8
66.9
70
67 7
66 1
60 7
59 4
48.6
60 6
Vfn l'-27 v**^ns)
47 9
49 6
53 1
56 8
,... -
64 8
65 4
65 '
63 7
59
53 8
49 6
57
116
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1878
. 64
64
68
76
80
84
86
88
92
86
70
64
1879
66
77
82
83
92
84
99
92
84
64
65
1880
60
58
70
66
86
90
88
80
89
78
80
63
1881
61
65
77
74
82
77
82
78
86
67
67
63
1882
59
58
73
73
80
76
86
81
84
76
62
64
1883
60
69
74
65
88
98
91
90
%
78
68
62
1884
59
68
65
'68
80
74
86
76
78
76
68
64
1885
66
68
75
72
86
75
88
92
92
82
74
69
1886
66
68
72
76
84
86
87
90
93
78
73
67
1887
70
65
74
80
100
92
80
83
91
89
77
61
1888
64
72
72
84
70
80
92
90
84
81
62
59
1889
62
70
76
76
84
79
88
82
90
84
71
64
1890
58
60
62
82
86
84
80
85
80
83
68
62
1891
62
60
72
80
79
99
86
98
84
78
70
60
1892
62
65
76
68
87
83
92
92
80
75
71
68
1893
60
65
76
71
83
94
86
82
72
82
69
72
1894
60
63
70
83
85
81
89
99
90
87
77
62
1895
62
69
71
75
89
94
92
88
93
86
79
64
18%
66
73
74
68
91
87
88
82
82
82
64
65
1897
59
65
65
82
91
92
90
85
92
72
65
60
1898
58
69
75
87
73
94
95
83
86
85
80
67
1899
73
67
67
84
85
88
90
92
93
71
64
1900
64
69
71
77
83
87
87
95
93
84
70
67
J 73
73
77
87
100
99
95
99
96
93
80
72
I 1899
1896
a 1879
1898
1887
1891
1898
a 1879
1883
1899
"1880
1893
a Also other years.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nor.
Dec.
Annual.
1874
5.22
1.32
2.16
0.99
0.79
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.46
3.71
0.07
16.72
1875
4.62
0.56
0.82
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.85
3.15
17.00
1876
6.30
4.61
4.16
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.29
0.00
0.00
17.56
1877
3.26
0.75
1.01
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.80
0.81
1.34
8.00
1878
9.87
9.74
3.58.
1.29
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.48
0.80
0.72
0.27
26.81
1879
3.86
3.48
5.85
1.24
1.58
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.52
1.77
3.14
21.53
1880
2.51
1.64
2.13
8.70
0.76
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.52
11.37
27.63
1881
4.26
2.34
0.80
1.58
0.03
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.69
1.16
3.01
14.25
1882
0.79
1.72
3.98
1.11
0.08
0.00
0.00.
0.00
0.18
1.50
2.98
0.84
13.18
1883
1.93
0.59
2.72
1.81
2.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
1.14
0.21
0.92
12.54
1884
3.40
4.87
6.38
3.40
0.05
2.91
0.00
T.
0.17
1.78
0.21
7.59
30.76
J885
2.36
0.19
0.52
4.20
0.05
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.13
6.88
2.34
16.79
1886
6.20
0.35
1.20
4.50
0.15
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.00
1.69
0.77
0.95
15.88
1887
1.21
9.16
0.72
1.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.47
0.00
1.08
3.44
17.76
1888
4.73
1.21
3.97
0.13
0.67
0.08
0.00
0.00
1.03
0.00
4.16
4.04
20.02
1889
1.17
0.75
6.94
0.84
1.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.98
4.01
12.44
33.21
1890
8.69
4.39
3.94
0.79
0.58
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.10
0.10
0.00
2.86
21.45
1891
0.90
9.06
2.57
1.95
0.35
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.65
0.02
0.65
7.86
24.01
1892
1.88
1.55
2.49
1.01
, 1.57
' 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
1.45
7.67
5.91
23.56
1893
3.09
3.68
6.49
1.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.14
2.74
2.95
21.10
1894 '.
7.42
6.62
1.07
0.94
0.61
o.oo
0.00
0.00
1.75
3.03
0.72
12. 12
34.28
1895
9.50
3.23
0.05
1.61
0.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.33
2.08
1.63
19.12
1896
8.89
0.24
2.94
5.00
0.83
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.52
1.31
4.87
2.98
28.04
1897
2.02
5.76
6.42
0.06
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.61
1.00
1.84
]9.76
1898
1.46
3.04
0.64
0.25
0.94
0.19
0.00
0.00
1.57
0.81
0.55
1.35
10.80
1899 . ..
4.21
0.37
9.02
1.02
0.67
0.71
0.00
0.02
0.00
3.89
4.70
2.57
27.18
1900
5.55
0.84
2.19
1.23
0.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
1.64
5.39
2.31
20.20
4.27
3.04
3.14
1.76
0.55
0.16
T.
0.02
0.31
1.30
2.49
3.08
20.71
CLIMATE OF SANTA CLARA VALLEY.
117
MINIMUM TEMPERATURES (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct. i Xov
Dee.
1878 ,. 28
-
37
45
50
54
56
54
54
48' 4
30
1879 ;
34
47
52
44
55
56
50
50
48 3
25
1880 26
30
34
42
50
52
56
50
48
46 31
34
1881 34
40
36
45
50
49
49
50
48
34 3
32
1882 27
26
32
39
48
50
. 52
54
50
42 3-
31
1883 25
28
41
45
48
52
52
50
50
38 3
30
1884 . 31
28
38
43
50
54
55
51
50
43 3!
1 28
1885 34
36
41
43
50
52
58
56
54
46 4
5 ' 40
1886 34
44
40
48
54
55
57
56
50
45 3
1 1 40
1887 34
32
42
50
50
54
54
50
45 3-
t I 38
1888 26
40
40
50
50
60
56
52
44 3
i 38
1889 32
32
40
50
50
55
50
50
45
46 31
1 36
1890 30
30
38
44
48
50
50
52
51
40 31
i 34
1891 30
32
39
44
50
50
55
56
52
42 a
) 30
1892 35
35
42
44
48
50
54
52
53
43 3
M 35
1893 35
36
39
46
52
55
58
56
52
44 3
i 39
1894 ... 32
36
39
n
52
56
57
54
49
it 36
1895 35
37
39
46
to
53
53
57
53
51 4
it 34
1896 ... 38
41
39
47
51
59
60
55
48 31
1 42
1897 37
36
39
50
53
58
58
56
54
46 4
1 1 34
MB 30
37
39
45
53
H
58
57
55
48 3
r 33
1899 37
32
42
48
48
56
59
57
51
45 4
I 35
1900 39
37
45
44
57
57
60
60
53
45 1 4
1 1 33
125
26
32
39
44
49
49
50
45
34 31
1 25
1883
am
1882
1882
1879
1881
1881
01879
-
1881 | 188I
) 1879
Also other years.
SAN JOSE.
San Jose, the county seat of Santa Clara County, lies about 50 miles southeast of San
Francisco, or about 8 miles southeast of the lower end of San Francisco Bay.
The elevation of San Jose varies from about 80 to 100 feet above sea level, and an elevation
of 400 feet, except immediately south of the city, i.s not reached within a radius of 5 miles.
Within 10 miles elevations ranging from 400 to 2,000 feet are reached. The general movement
of the air is from the northwest. The influence of the Golden Gate, with its strong indraft of
cool, fog-laden air is noticeable throughout the Santa Clara Valley. The valley, however, is
somewhat sheltered f roiij the strong westerly surface currents prevalent on the coast of California.
Summer fogs, especially when low, do not drift inland, being as a rule barred by the mountains.
High fogs occasionally blow over and down the mountain sides. Low winter fogs are not
infrequent, and are probably due as elsewhere to a settling of the cooler air in the lowlands.
The mean annual temperature, based upon records extending over a period of twenty-six
years, is 58. The coldest month is January, with a mean temperature of 48. and the warmest
is July, 66.7.
The highest temperature recorded within this period of twenty six year.- was l<4 . The
temperature has reached 100 but live times. The lowest temperature was 18-, or an absolute
range of 86-. No frost data are available.
The mean annual rainfall for twenty-six years is 14.88 inches. About half of this falls in
December, January, and February. July and August are practically rainless, as only three times
during July and once in August has rain fallen to an appreciable extent. The rain has exceeded
20 inches in four years and less than 10 has fallen in four years. The driest year was 1875,
with 5.51 inches, and the year with greatest rainfall was 1889, with 25.55 inches. The greatest
monthlv rainfall was 10.55 in December, 188t>.
118
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1878
78
68
75
74
83
94
90
92
86
82
75
75
1879
72
86
82
86
94
94
99
93
87
72
74
1880
66
66
78
66
89
89
91
90
92
87
75
68
1881
' 66
72
83
85
89
82
93
84
92
84
75
54
1882
64
62
80
69
88
84
92
90
93
80
74
68
1883
66
82
82
70
99
103
92
92
96
81
71
63
1884
70
71
72
71
81
80
94
90
84
83
72
72
1885
68
68
80
76
90
78
86
95
98
90
74
66
1886
64
72
74
75
83
93
%
94
94
83
70
65
1S87
71
70
78
84
104
95
92
87
94
88
80
65
1888
65
78
76
86
82
88
96
98
93
89
74
65
1889.
62
71
78
80
89
85
93
89
95
86
75
62
1890
60
68
72
82
93
90
92
90
86
85
76
70
1891... . .
68
65
76
83
87
104
99
101
89
83
76
63
1892
65
67
76
74
95
90
100
%
87
85
78
72
1893... .. .
62
67
78
74
85
94
89
90
79
81
77
78
1894
63
64
76
86
84
89
92
98
94
87
77
60
1895.
62
71
71
81
87
96
94
92
92
86
84
70
1896
65
75
73
68
93
94
94
85
83
88
69
64
1897.
60
73
70
84
90
92
90
1 88
78
69
64
1898
60
70
73
87
76
89
93
92
87
82
78
65
1899
78
80
72
80
86
88
87
82
89
90
70
C2
Absolute maximum and year
78
82
86
87
104
104
100
101
98
90
84
78
1 a 1878
1883
1879
1898
1887
1891
1892
1891
1885
a 1885
1895
1893
a Also 1899.
MINIMUM TEMPERATURES (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
1878
27
38
37
40
47
41
50
5,
48
40
30
25
1879 .
30
37
41
45
50
48
62
52
42
32
24
1880
27
SO
33
40
41
50
52
50
48
42
25
32
1881 ...
34
35
35
45
48
47
52
52
47
32
31
32
1882
24
30
35
40
44
50
52
52
50
39
32
30
1883
24
24
39
37
42
54
54
52
52
41
30
29
1884
30
28
39
44
48
62
52
53
48
40
37
30
1885
35
36
40
40
48
50
50
54
50
44
38
34
1886
32
40
37
40
48
50
54
53
48
41
35
34
1887
31
32
38
42
44
46
50
50
50
45
30
33
1888
22
35
38
44
48
54
">1
54
55
43
38
39
1889
32
32
41
47
51
56
55
52
50
46
38
34
1890
30
32
37
43
46
53
52
51
50
42
38
35
1891
30
31
38
44
"
50
51
53
55
49
43
36
31
1892 .. ...
37
35
42
4''
47
52
53
54
48
42
37
34
1893
35
36
38
44
45
Til
48
52
45
41
37
30
1894
18
24
26
29
32
35
41
42
37
35
27
'*2
1895 '.
32
37
36
43
46
50
54
53
48
48
34
30
1896
33
38
37
42
42
62
55
53
50
43
30
37
1897
26
24
26
34
35
40
54
54
42
35
29
1898 .
30
35
36
42
50
50
48
54
59
47
36
30
1899 .'
34
30
37
46
44
63
54
52
50
45
46
36
Absolute minimum and year
I W
1 1894
24
"1883
26
61894
29
1894
32
1894
35
1894
41
1894
42
1894
37
1894
32
1881
25
1880
22
1894
"Also 1894 and 1897.
6 Also 1897.
CLIMATE OF SANTA CLARA VALLEY.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
119
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dee.
Annual.
1874
46.8
49.3
51.8
58.8
67.7
76.1
71.1
68.7
71.0
64.3
56.8
57.9
61.7
1875
49.8
53.3
54.4
62.1
66.6
68.5
68.8
70.1
64.7
65.5
53.5
53.1
60.9
1876
42.2
49.6
57.8
67.9.
59.2
69.6
65.2
66.1
65.2
64.0
55.5
47.6
58.3
1877
50.6
51.4
55.8
55.1
57.2
68.0
67.4
64.9
63.9
58.2
54.1
51.9
58.2
1878
53.6
52.1
54.1
54.8
50.1
64.8
64.8
65.7
62.2
56.4
52.8
46.1
56.5
1879
46.9
52.8
55.9
56.5
57.8
66.1
66.3
67.1
64.0
59.5
52.4
46.5
57.6
1880
45.0
45.7
49.0
52.9
59.0
62.1
64.7
65,7
62.1
58.9
48.5
52.6
55.5
1881
57.7
53. 2
54.5
60.0
62.3
60.5
66.3
64.3
62.2
56.8
49.7
47.1
57.9
1882
40.4
45.3
52.1
51.9
5S.9
61.9
65.6
65.6
65.4
56.6
52.0
47.3
55.2
1883
43.7
46.1
53.0
53.7
59.8
68.8
66.8
66. S
67.1
57.5
50.8
47.3
56.7
1884
48.0
48.6
52.6
55.2
60.2
61.6
65.4
65.6
62.0
56.3
54.5
51.7
56.8
1885
49.4
51.9
55.8
55.5
60.2
61.3
65.8
65.4
64.6
61.6
56.3
52.4
58.3
1886
49.1
53. 8
51.0
54.7
60.5
63.9
66.3
66.7
63.7
57.3
52.3
52.4
57.6
1887
50.3
48.2
54.8
54.3
58.6
63.9
64.8
63.3
64.7
62.5
54.6
50.5
57.5
1888
46.4
52.6
52.8
58.3
59.8
65.2
66.8
68.6
68.0
62.3
56.5
52.9
59.2
1889
47.6
50.9
56.7
59.7
61.9
66.2
66.1
67.2
67.7
61.5
56.3
50.5
59.4
1890
45.0
48.7
53.9
56.7
63.5
63.6
65.9
66.8
64.9
60.5
55.1
48.6
57.8
1891
49.0
51.3
54.4
55.4
60.0
65.2
69.4
69.4
65.4
61.9
56.5
48.2
58.8
1892
50.7
52.5
54.9
54.5
61.4
62.7
66.0
66.8
64.2
60.0
55.8
50.3
58.3
1893
47.7
50.0
53.1
54.4
58.7
61.1
65.8
65.7
62.0
58.6
55.5
52.3
57.1
1891
47.3
48.6
49.8
57.6
60.8
62.1
67.6
67.7
67.6
61.0
57.0
50.0
58.1
1895
48.7
53.6
53.5
56.8
60.2
66.2
66.6
67.3
64.0
62.1
55.0
49.3
58.6
1896
49.0
54.8
56.1
53.4
59.4
75.2
69.3
65.7
62.7
62.0
52.2
51.2
59.2
1897
47.6
49.8
48.5
59.5
62.6
65.8
68.2
65.6
64.8
58.5
51.4
47.6
57.5
1898
45.4
53.3
51.8
57.7
57.0
65.3
65.1
65.2
63.1
61.1
55.0
46.3
57.2
1899
56.4
52.2
54.7
59.1
58.4
67.8
67.4
65.5
66.0
60.4
57.6
50.4
59.7
48.2
50.7
53.6
56.4
60.1
65.5
66.7
66.4
64.7
60. 2
54.1
50.1
58.1
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HDNDREDTHS).
1874
2.61
0.77
2.83
0.87
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
1.81
1.91
0.08
11.19
1875
2.75
0.41
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
e.oo
0.00
0.00
1.51
5.51
1876
4.08
3.41
3.11
0.41
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
1.35
0.02
0.00
12. 71
1877
2.23
0.48
0.78
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.87
0.85
1.87
6.63
1878
5.53
6.94
2.22
1.48
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.48
0.80
0.76
0.97
19.20
1879 .
1.48
3.18
5.85
1.24
1.58
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.87
1.79
2.99
19.04
1880
1.52
1.34
0.96
3.66
0.67
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.49
5.60
14.24
1881 . .
2.12
2.04
0.80
1.28
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.45
0.88
1.83
9.54
1882
117
1.49
4.26
1.10
0.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.87
1.32
0.82
11.62
1883
3.86
0.94
2.70
0.66
2.18
Q.OO
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.67
0.28
0.37
11.75
1884
3.18
3.68
6.23
3.38
0.05
2.15
0.00
0.00
0.08
1.50
0.06
3.90
24.21
1885
1.83
0.18
0.86
2.75
0.11
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
7.39
2.11
15.29
1886
3.59
1.12
1.89
4.47
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.49
0.73
0.71
13.03
1887
0.68
6.81
0.63
1.28
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.61
0.03
0.70
2.53
13.29
1888
3.06
1.09
3.00
0.31
0.60
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.60
0.00
3.88
2.44
15.20
1889
0.50
0.70
5.80
0.79
0.96
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.48
1.73
10.55
25.55
1890
6.52
3.64
2.08
0.55
0.75
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.05
2.40
16.04
1891 . .
0.55
5.27
2.46
1.79
0.26
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.37
0.08
0.46
5.84
17.13
1892
1.11
1.60
4.75
0.65
1.60
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
4.00
7.77
22.53
1893
2.95
2.68
5.12
1.35
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.81
1.69
14.90
1894
4.73
2.61
0.69
0.63
1.36
0.40
0.00
0.00
1.08
1.32
0.55
7.80
21.17
1895
6.28
1.42
1.46
2.05
1.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.83
1.08
0.84
15.37
18%
5.17
0.27
2.22
2.79
0.44
0.00
0.01
0.74
0.32
1.30
2.82
2.55
18.63
1897
1.68
3.43
2.64
0.91
0.16
T.
0.00
0.00
0.21
1.01
0.37
1.20
11.61
1898
0.93
1.93
0.52
0.20
0.44
0.06
0.00
0.00
1.13
0.61
0.45
0.44
6 71
1899
1.88
0.21
4.17
0.48
0.65
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.26
2.70
1.43
14.78
Average (26 veara)
2.77
. 22
2.63
1.35
0.56
0.14
T.
0.03
0.20
0.89
1.39
2.70
14.88
120
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MOUNT HAMILTON.
[Lick Observatory.]
The director of the Lick Observatory, Dr. Wallace W. Campbell, has kindly placed at the
disposal of the Weather Bureau the observations made at Mount Hamilton by different mem-
bers of the observatory staff from 1888 to 1900. The following named gentlemen have at
various times acted as observers: Charles B. Hill, A. J. Burnham, H. K. Curtis, A. O. Leusch-
ner, A. L. Colton, C. D. Perrine, R. G. Aitken, W. H. Wright, H. K. Palmer, E. F. Coddington,
and A. J. Cloud.
The observatory is situated on Mount Hamilton, a peak in the Coast Range, in Santa Clara
County. The elevation of the station is 1,283 meters (4,209 feet) above sea level. The observa-
tory is situated in latitude 37 20' 25.6" north, longitude 121 38' 4.22" west. The mountain is
about 14 miles in an air line directly east of the city of San Jose.
The records for temperature at Mount Hamilton cover a period of twelve years and for
precipitation twenty years. The mean annual temperature is 52. The coldest month .is
January, with a mean temperature of 39.7, and the warmest month is July, with a mean temper-
ature of 69.4. The highest temperature recorded is 94, on July 1, 1891, and the lowest 13,
on February 4, 1899.
Rain falls in every month of the year, but in July and August the showers are light and
infrequent. The mean annual precipitation is 32 inches, which, it is interesting to notice, is
more than double that of San Jose, where the mean, based upon records covering twenty-six
years, is but 14.88 inches. The ratio of the rainfall on the mountain to that in the valley appears
to be fairly constant for all months in the year. December is the month of heaviest precipitation
on the mountain. More than half of the annual rainfall occurs in the four months of December,
January, February, and March. The annual precipitation has exceeded 30 inches during eight
years of the twenty, and has fallen below 20 inches during two years. These dry years were
1885, when the rainfall amounted to but 18.23 inches, and the memorable 1898, when but 17.11
inches fell. The years of maximum rainfall were 1884, when 90.12 inches fell, and 1894, when
44.49 inches fell.
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dee.
1889
60
70
64
74
1890
55
61
60
71
1891
61
49
59
1892
60
68
66
1893
72
74
62
65
1894
54
64
-Q
*
65
1895
58
64
64
74
1896
65
67
66
1897
59
60
53
73
1898
62
65
60
1899
65
61
1900
63
58
67
Absolute maximum and year
I 72
1 1893
74
1893
68
1899
76
1898
84
1892
90
1895
94
1891
92
a 1889
91
1899
84
1889
88
1892
72
1899
Also other years.
CLIMATE OF SANTA CLAEA VALLEY.
MINIMUM TEMPERATI-RES (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
121
Year.
Jan. Feb.
Mar.
Apr. May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1889 >
27 22
31
25
26
26
23
20
22
18
19
21
25
31
30 32
31 30
29 32
26 28
25 34
25 27
24 31
24 27
28 ; 33
27 1 33
26 26
28 30
46
32
31
33
35
31
35
34
36
33
'35
42
50
49
36
51
41
H
41
48
55
50
56
51
51
54
45
50
56
55
49
44
48
52
41
44
44
46
33
44
36
35
35
-
39
34
43
38
34
32
33
30
33
33
41
33
33
32
31
31
30
30
33
27
26
34
28
18
29
_-
32
30
24
29
17
22
26
28
23
28
a
22
27
23
1890
. ' 17 18
1891 26 21
1892 29 25
1893
25 22
1834
17 16
1895
23 32
1896
*7 25
1897
26 .!!
1898
17 27
1899
24 13
1900
30 24
( 17 13
18
1896
24 26
1895 ; 1899
i
31
01891
36
1891
41
1899
33 i 30
1891 1892
18
1896
17
1891
(<i!890 1899
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL }i
< Also other years.
[EAN TEMPER ATURE
(DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year. Jan.
Feb. Mar.
Apr.
Mar. '] June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1889 39.5
43.9 44.8
36.8 40.5
35.0 41.0
41.7 42.6
37.7 37.3
35.6 40.4
45.6 42.8
46.5 j 43.4
36.4 32.6
42.8 39.1
41.0 j 39.6
43.0 48.1
50.3
47.6
44.3
42.3
40.5
49.4
47.2
37.6
51.0
50.8
47.6 '
43.0
52.8 67.4
54.5 57.6
61.4 i 55.5
52.6 57.3
51.9 58.8
51.6 52.6
52.2 65.2
46.6 j 64.6
58.0 57.8
47.9 | 62.0
46.3 i 63.7
52.9 i 63.8
70.7
59.8
70.9
66.9
67.9
71.3
67.2
73.2
70.8
71.4
71.6
71.6
70.4
68.9
71.5
70.8
71.8
71.4
70.4
67.8
71.5
71.2
61.3
62.1
66.9
65.9
60.7
62.1
55.4
63.5
59.0
61.7
59.4
61.8
69.8
56.3 i
50.5
58.1
58.7
53.2
51.0
55.5
59.9
57.8
45.9
56.0
50.2
51.6
48.5
55.5
51.8
49.7
47.0
57.5
47.9
44.7
45.3
46.5
46.9 !
51.1
35.2
45.7;
35.8
39.8
45.0
37.2
41.4
45.4
42.9
43.3
45.6
47.2
53.4
51.8
51.5
51.9
50.0
51.8
82.9
52.9
51.2
52.4
52.2
53.2
1890 30. 2
1891 41.6
1892 43 6
1893 . 36.
1894 35.9
1895 36 4
1896 45.2
1897 42.1
1898 ' 35. 7
1899 ; 42.5
1900 i 47.6
Mean (12 Tears) 39.7
40.5 41.0
46.0
51.6 60.5
69.4
69.1
61.9
54.0
49.4
42.0
52.1
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HCNDREDTHS).
1881 3 51
5.99 1.13
2.90 5.40
3.75 8.66
12.76 16.35
0.57 1.15
1.80 5.77
7.80 i 1.39
1.38 3.40
1.42 6.17
6.60 4.39
7. 12 4. 10
2.99 5.98
3.45 8.99
10.52 2.54
3.08 1.46
1.06 j 3.83
7.42 6.45
4.16 2.04
0.75 11.11
1.70 3.37 '
0.98
4.70 '
2.66
11.96
2.08
6.79
5.75 ;
0.68
1.92
1.79
3.08
1.90
3.61
0.89
2.30 j
6.70
0.82
0.84
1.40
4.06
0.09 0.33 i
0.48 1.06
7.55 0.00
1.24 3.85
0.16 0.36
0.70 0.00
0.25 0.30
1.25 0.67
3.21 0.05
2.42 0.00
1.01 0.57
3.52 0.32
0.95 0.16
2.78 0.64
2.39 , 0.00
2.10 0.02
0.28 0.38
2.41 0.38
1.47 0.39
1.35 T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.01
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
T.
0.00
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.02
0.10
0.00
0.65
0.65
0.15
0.00
0.33
0.49
0.00
0.80
0.28
0.24
0.48
1.64
0.08
0.47
0.07 '.
0.29
T.
0.08 ;
0.33
6.16
2.15
3.71
0.05
0.60
0.09
0.03
4.38
0.02
0.61
1.3S
0.66
2.98
0.78
1.85
1.25
1.33
6.37
3.48 i
0.91 i
3.45
1.48
0.01
1.92
2.82
0.90
3.27
4.46
0.58
0.38
10.30
4.01
0.84
2.46
5.86
1.51
1.23
4.92
7.76
9.72
UE
2.05 ;
33.84
9.80 i
2.34
11.25
4.23
13.19
5.39
9.54
5.56 1
3.58
11.90
3.16
4.91 J
2.70
2.13J
4.16 ;
2.21
23.09
29.63
32.05
90.12
18.23
25.22
30.93
25.46
35.84
29.92
28.07
34.16
29.18
44.49
25.72
36.64
24.38
17.11
36.32
27.30
1882. 3."v>
1883 3.10
1884. 5 fa
1885 . 1.99
MM. 4 40
1887 2.83
1888 10 04
1889 1 04
1890 '. .. 7.93
1891 1 38 '
1892 1.97 l
1893 3 29
1894.. . 9.74
1895 10 00
1896.. 9.54
1897 . 3.50
1898 . 2 30
1899 i ft 63
1900... 3 26
Average (20 vears) 4 73
4.36 5.18
3.25
1. 78 0. 47
1
0.03
0.34
1.91
2.95
7.18
32.19
122
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY (PER CENT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1891
61.1
91.2
77.7
77.2
62.0
65.8
57.4
61.0
66.7
55.6
56.8
83.4
1892
60.8
47.9
44.7
57.8
64.4
62.3
72.7
Ig93
52.4
76.9
87.4
73.4
57.1
48.8
46.3
54.5
81.1
84.9
67.6
65.3
1894
79.2
80.7
72.3
66.8
72.8
67.9
41.9
33.1
48.8
61.7
48.2
,87.4
1895
82.2
59.8
73.0
64.5
68.5
37.1
44.6
55.7
50.2
53.0
5S.O
65.2
1896
72.2
52.7
78.3
84.2
70.7
39.9
38.1
42.1
52.5
52.7
69.1
66.6
1897...
70.5
88.3
90.9
53.9
51.4
56.7
31.0
36.8
51.9
61.3
63.9
62.8
1898
77.9
72.7
74.1
54.7
67.6
57.5
30.8
38.2
53.2
57.6
57.3
56,3
1899
70.fi
fil.4
S3. 2
04.8
66.7
45.4
33.9
54.0
40.2
67.8
78.6
67.4
1900
66 1
68 5
73
76 9
65.5
49.7
39.9
69.3
72.5
78.9
67.4
63.6
52.1
41.1
46.7
55.8
62.1
62.4
69.7
Highest monthly mean humidity 91.2, February, 1891.
Lowest monthly mean humidity 30.3, July, 1898.
TOTAL MONTHLY WIND MOVEMENT (MILES).
1896
a9,581
9,766
12,098
9,260
7,837
6,519
6,881
4,974
11,550
10,823
1896
14 758
10,042
8,035
9,987
9,655
10,650
8,102
6,705
6,195
9,229
9,541
12,183
1897
9,247
8,139
9,796
9,883
12,011
10,495
7,860
6,333
6,865
10,238
9,997
9,832
1898
11 309
9, 321
8,824
10, 105
8,635
7,386
6,976
8,838
12,068
11,838
1899
13,662
12, 772
11,068
10, 166
11,703
8,644
8,033
7,604
7,493
10,390
8,500'
12,236
1900
10 632
11 173
8,811
10, 953
10, 644
8,106
7,086
6,856
7,215
8,034
7,296
10,002
11 565
10 202
9,307
10, 219
10, 791
9,371
7,784
6,900
6,938
8,617
9,825
11,152
o Seven days' record missing (15th to 21st).
NOTE. November 16-17, 1893, maximum hourly velocity, 80 miles; velocity of gusts probably over 100 miles. January 15, 1896, highest
hourly velocity (estimated), 80 to 90 miles.
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
APTOS.
[Data from records of Southern Pacific Railway Company.]
Aptos is situated in Santa Cruz County, on Monterey Bay. about 7 miles southeast of the
city of Santa Cruz, in latitude 36 58' north, longitude 121 54' west; elevation 102 feet above
sea level.
The mean annual temperature, based upon records covering sixteen years, is 56, which is
practically the same as that of San Francisco, and 2.4 lower than the annual mean at Santa
Cruz. June, Julj-, and August are the warmest months, with mean temperatures of 62.5, 62.3,
and 61. 4 : , respectively; September is also a warm month, with a mean of 60.9. The coldest
month is January, with a mean of 48.5; the means for February and December are nearly the
same. The maximum seldom exceeds 90, the highest recorded in recent years being 91 C , in
June, 1898. Minimum temperatures of 26 are recorded in January. 1898, December. 1900, and
February. 1901.
The average annual precipitation during the past sixteen years is 25.63 inches, about 1 inch
less than that of Santa Cruz. The greatest precipitation occurs in December and January, but
heavy rains also fall in November. February, and March. The rainfall during June, July,
August, and September is very light and infrequent. During the month of December, 1889,
the rainfall was 18.29 inches, and the total of that year was 37.94 inches.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept. Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1885
49.2
51.1
55.4
57.7
61.7
65.4
64.9
63.5
60.2 59.3
56.0
53.7
58.2
1886
51.0
54.8
52.3
56.6
59.3
58.9
61.4
61.9
60.9 55.1
51.6
53.1
56.4
1887
49.1
47.0
56.5
55.7
58.9
63.4
61.0
60.1
60.1 59.6
54.5
49.2
56.2
1888
46.0
51.9
53.0
58.4
59.7
67.9
65.9
63.2
61.8 59.1
53.9
54.1
57.9
1889
48.6
51.6
56.6
59.7
59.6
62.5
63.4
61.9
62.9 60.7
56.8
52.3
58.0
1890
" 46.2
49.0
53.6
56.2
61.0
61.9
62
62.6
6L2 59.3
55.0
51.4
56.9
1891
49.1
497
53.9
55.5
57.9
63.5
62.8
62.6
62.4 57.8
55.2
47.8
56.5
1892
50.9
52.8
53.8
55.4
61.3
63.2
69.2
63.4
60.7 58.3
53.0
50.2
57.7
1893
51.1
47.4
51.8
51.6
58.8
59.5
59.5
60.7
60.5 57.3
54.5
52.4
55.4
1894
45.6
48.2
52.1
55.8
57.1
61.9
63.9
64.3
63.1 56.0
51.1
46.9
55.5
1895
44 8
47 8
48.4
50.0
55.1
56.5
57.9
56.8
66 57. 5
51.3
44.0
53.0
1896
44.9
47.9
47.0
52.3
54.6
60.2
62.7
60.3
54.0 52.7
45.8
44.6
52.3
1897
42.0
45.1
47.9
6L1
63.4
72.7
63.6
60.8
64.1 59.5
51.1
48.1
56 6
m
56.8
48.7
50.4
44.9
55.4
62.6
60.9
59.8
58 8 58.1
50.8
44.9
54.4
1899
51.8
47.4
51.6
56.2
55.0
59.9
58.9
60.3
58.0 54.8
53.0
7
54.7
1900
48 8
51.5
64.2
51.9
61.9
59.6
59
60.7
60 2 59 6
55 2
49 3
55 7
48 5
49.5
52 3
54.9
58.8
62.5
62 3
61 4
60. 9 57 8
53
49 7
56
123
124
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
Year.
1885..
1886..
1887..
1888..
1889..
1890..
1891..
1892. .
1893..
1894..
1895..
1896..
1897..
1898. .
1899..
1900..
Average (16 years) j 4.75
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
2.86
0.19
0.43
1.78
0.13
0.00
0.18
0. 00 0. 07
0.02
10.65
3.83
20.14
7.61
0.80
4.09
7.10
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.70
0.84
1.53
22.94
0.95
8.82
0.76
1.61
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.47
0.05
1.11 ' 3.72
17.68
5.85
1.59
5.32
9.50
0.79
0.25
0. 00 0. 00 0. 45
0.00
5. 75 4. 31
24.81
0.50
0.87
5.90
0.85
1.71
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
7.49
2.33
18.29
37.94
10.29
4.60
3.16
1.25
1.66
0.00
0.00
0. 00 0. 40
9.40
0.28
2.93
24.97
1.08
13.16
3.01
2.84
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00 1.00
0.07
0.27
7.64
29.27
0.92
4.90
2.67
1.95
2.47
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.65
1.36
3.66
8.72
27.30
3.40
3.41
7.97
1.54
0.42
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.33
3.16
3.48
23.93
7.56
6.05
0.92
0.89
2.50
0.24
0.00
0.00
2.00
2.93
0.71
13.32
37.12
11.80
2.95
2.85
1.88
1.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
1.53
2.31
24.86
9.63
0.00
2.90
5.01
1.59
0.00
0.00
0.76
0.26
1.64
5.92
4.49
32.20
1.28
0.27
4.03
0.00
0.30
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.69
0.82
1.39
15.88
1.23
3.52
1.17
0.32
1.17
0.20
0.00
0.00
1.40
0.76
0.75
1.84
12.36
6.43
0.22
13.14
1.25
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.01
4.24
4.36
36.65
4.56
0.53
2.19
1.53
0. 59 0. 00
0.00
0.00
0.27
1.58
8.95
1.82
22.02
4.75
3.62
3.78
1.89
1. 02 0. 05
0.01
0.05
0.45
1.57
3.19
5.25
25.63
AUBURN.
Auburn is the county seat of Placer County, a narrow county in the central eastern portion
of California, extending from Lake Tahoe and the Nevada line westward to Sutter County and
the southern portion of Nevada County, and is situated in latitude 38 54' north, longitude
121 50' west, a short distance southwest of the junction of the middle and north forks of the
American River. The elevation is 1,360 feet, with the land sloping eastward to the American
River, where the elevation of the channel is about 500 feet. The Sierra Nevada Mountains,
running through the eastern portion of the county, reach an elevation of 7,000 feet. The
foothills are excellent fruit-growing districts.
The genei'al movement of the air is from the north, northwest, and northeast. The date of
the last killing frost in the spring of 1899 was May 2, and the first in autumn, 1899, was October
15. The mean annual temperature, based upon records covering a period of twenty-nine years,
is 60.1. The coldest month is January, with a mean temperature of 45.5, and the warmest is
July, with a mean temperature of 76.7. During the months of June, July, August, and
September the mean temperature exceeds 70.
The highest temperature recorded within a period of twenty-two years was 110, which
occurred during the months of July and August, 1898. The lowest temperature recorded was
12, in January, 1888. Reliable frost data are not available.
The mean annual rainfall for twenty-nine years is 33.58 inches. Two-thirds of this rainfall
occurs between December and April. Rain seldom falls during July or August. The rainfall
has exceeded 40 inches during six years of the twenty-nine, and in 1884 exceeded 50 inches.
There have been but two years in the past twenty-nine when the rainfall did not reach 20 inches,
viz., 1877, when but 18.07 inches fell, and 1898, when 19.96 inches fell.
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
125
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
Jnlv.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1878 64
66
72
80
88
94
99
94
87
76
70
1879 "* 60
80
81
83
92
98
' 100
97
86
78
65
1880 69
65
72
81
86
89
97
95
94
86
74
60
1881 69
72
79
79
85
92
99
93
94
78
70
59
1882 58
60
79
82
92
92
98
103
9ft
77
70
1883 62
M
76
72
90
100
100
99
95
79
72
69
1884 65
73
70
78
84
96
98
93
82
76
71
1885 . 65
69
77
80
95
90
96
103
97
93
73
67
1886. 63
72
72
78
89
95
101
101
96
81
69
64
1887 65
69
78
87
100
106
100
98
98
94
77
70
1888 64
77
76
89
86
94
101
105
103
91
74
69
1889 64
76
79
83
89
93
105
101
98
95
80
58
1890 59
70
72
81
99
93
105
98
94
87
84
60
1891 69
62
74
82
89
108
108
105
98
98
82
65
1892 "4
70
87
75
94
94
96
105
94
90
80
80
1893 76
77
80
78
90
95
103
102
90
87
78
79
1894 75
75
84
85
90
95
104
106
97
90
82
72
1895 66
80
81
85
89
104
102
105
93
94
95
73
1896 -. "7
85
79
72
92
104
95
92
90
68
74
1897 76
70
73
87
94
95
104
104
88
87
75
77
1898 69
72
70
89
82
93
110
110
98
85
80
75
1699 . 85
82
82
85
101
102
93
98
88
75
59
f 85
85
88
89
100
108
110
110
103
98
95
80
[ 1899
1896
1899
"1888
1887
1891
1898
tan
1888
1891
i
1895
1892
"Also 1898.
MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
1878 26
31
32
34
49
54
54
48
45
36
27
1879 25
36
45
43
50
54
56
54
44
32
18
1880 23
28
30
36
36
50
62
55
50
46
26
35
1881 ... 28
33
32
42
50
52
54
50
52
40
27
30
1882 23
25
23
33
43
48
63
60
48
32
25
1883 ' 18
20
39
32
41
53
61
54
52
42
32
29
1884 31
20
23
40
50
50
54
56
48
40
39
23
1885 30
31
40
38
45
51
56
58
54
50
38
29
1886 25
35
28
40
46
60
58
58
53
32
30
31
1887 27
24
36
36
40
50
57
52
38
48
30
30
1888 12
28
33
42
46
52
54
54
54
46
35
32
1889 . . 27
32
38
43
46
55
56
59
46
45
40
37
1890 26
24
34
45
45
34
54
55
52
40
38
35
1891 32
32
36
42
47
52
54
56
50
44
41
28
1892 ..35
35
41
45
53
60
58
57
44
35
34
1893 33
29
34
39
47
53
59
48
53
43
39
35
1894. 25
29
29
40
43
53
62
60
50
50
40
33
1895 30
36
32
35
45
50
56
55
49
47
37
25
1896 31
37
27
38
44
58
58
55
47
30
36
1897... 33
30
30
41
50
45
59
60
42
37
25
20
1898 26
37
30
40
46
49
57
63
54
44
34
30
1899 32
25
35
43
49
52
65
62
60
42
39
33
Absolute minimum and vear. . .
1 1888
20
"1883
23
tan
32
1883
36
1880
34
1890
54
61879
48
1893
.38
1887
32
1882
25
1897
18
1879
a Also 1884.
6 Several years.
c Also 1886.
126
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1871
47.2
45.4
52.0
58 8
61.0
74 5
77 9
79 2
77 4
64 8
50 9
48
61 4
1872
45 1
48 6
51 4
58 1
63 5
69 5
75 5
75 8
69 1
63 4
51 3
45 4
59 7
1873
48.5
42.3
53.7
64.6
63.1
70 5
80 2
75 2
74 9
61 1
56 8
43 8
60 4
1874
42 4
45 9
47 2
66 3
63 3
71 5
79 6
74
72 9
61 7
51 3
44 5
59 2
1875 . .
46.4
49.9
50.4
63.0
67 2
72 5
80 5
77 5"
73 2
69 7
53 3
46 8
62 5
1876
44 2
49 3
51 3
67 9
65 4
77 1
75 8
73 7
70 5
62 6
53 9
49 7
61
1877
49.4
53.9
57.4
57.6
61 5
74 5
78 6
75 2
71 9
60 7
52 4
47 8
61 7
1878
48 2
49 1
53 2
66 4
63
72 6
74 9
75 i
68 5
62 7
54 i
46 1
60 3
1879
43.0
52.0
53.9
57 2
57 9
69 8
73 9
77 1
70 6
60 4
50 6
43 5
59 2
t880.
43 1
44 7
45 8
51 8
60 3
68 2
76 3
72 1
71 3
62 7
47 8
47 9
57 7
1881
46.0
50 1
53.4
59.4
64 3
66 8
73 5
71 4
70 8
56
48 2
44 4
58 7
1882
39 8
40 1
48 2
51
61 7
66 7
77 5
79 o
68 6
55 3
52 5
46 6
57 2
1883
38.1
48 4
53.3
50.6
59
73 5
78 2
75 2
72
55 7
50
45
58 2
1884
45 3
43 8
48 7
51 9
62 1
63 5
72
76 6
64 2
58 7
53 6
45 3
57 1
1886... .
44 6
51 3
56 3
56 9
64 6
66 3
73 8
78 1
72 3
64 5
52 5
46 8
60 7
1886
44
51 9
47 8
53 4
61 5
72 4
76 7
77 5
70 5
55 2
47 9
48 1
58 9
1887
44 9
39 8
54 5
55 4
63 1
71 3
76
72 5
71
67 1
53 4
44 8
59 5
1888
40.4
50.9
51.3
61.4
61
66 9
76 5
76 4
76 9
64 2
52 9
47 i
60 5
1889
44 6
49 7
55 6
59 3
63 8
80 1
76 5
76 4
71 9
61 7
54 4
47
61 8
1890
40.8
44.0
48.7
58.6
63 6
68 5
75 4
75 1
72 2
63 3
57 3
47 i
59 6
1891...
48
46 4
52 2
55
61 2
67 8
79 3
79 6
70 1
66 4
57 8
44 Q
60 7
1892
50 2
52.2
55.2
56 7
64 4
68 7
75 6
76 6
71 6
64 5
58
51 5
62 1
1893.
50 6
51 9
54
55 6
64 1
71
78 3
76 6
68 1
61 5
57 o
53 7
61 9
1894
46.5
47 8
61.7
61 6
64 3
66 2
80 5
81 9
73 9
64 7
61 2
51 3
62 6
1895
46 5
51 6
52 9
56 9
62 9
76 2
75 6
77 3
66 5
64 2
57 2
47 4
61 3
1896
53
52 1
54
51 9
60 4
70 6
80 4
72 7
68 1
65 1
51 3
54 4
61 2
1897
49.7
45.2
44.9
61.6
68 3
70.3
77.6
77.5
67.8
69.4
44.1
42 6
59 1
1898...
41 4
49 5
45 8
59 1
67 6
68 1
74 1
75 8
69 2
56 4
52 8
45
57 8
1899....
47.8
48.7
51
57 2
59 9
74 1
73 1
71.9
76.3
60 3
60.4
45 4
59 7
Mean (29 years) .
45.5
48.1
51.6
56.5
62 6
70 7
76 7
75 9
71 1
64 6
55
47
60 1
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND" HUNDREDTHS).
1871
7 21
2 36
1 85
3 57
2 06
00
00
00
00
54
2 80
13 55
33 94
1872
6 80
9 35
3 59
2.50
66
20
00
00
00
38
3 13
8 43
35 03
1873
3 74
7 44
53
1 22
32
00
00
00
00
34
1 25
11 97
26 81
1874
7 46
4 14
6 26
2 56
67
00
00
00
00
1.67
9 64
82
33 02
1875
10.00
0.44
2.73
0.10
0.61
1.82
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.85
11.39
6 05
33 99
1876
7 56
5 62
10 10
1 97
61
00
41
21
00
4 52
65
00
31 65
1877
6.94
1.47
2.14
0.72
1 53
27
0.00
00
0.00
0.99
2.46
1 55
18 07
1878
10 61
10 19
7 60
1 73
98
00
00
00
50
89
1 53
91
34 94
1879
6.34
7 16
8.78
5 94
2 43
46
00
00
00
2.33
3 82
7 88
45 14
1880
3.13
4.90
2.62
13.02
3.85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25
13.91
41 68
1881
9.61
8.20
2.43
1 38
00
1 40
00
00
0.92
2.72
3 01
6 87
35 54
1882
4.60
4.99
6.05
4.63
0.53
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.84
5.19
4.08
1.65
32 84
1883
2.86
1.06
5.19
0.70
4.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.70
2.51
1.00
2.52
21.61
1884
5.33
7.63
10.17
8.02
0.85
1.23
0.00
0.00
0.56
2.25
0.00
16.37
52 41
1885
1.74
1.27
57
2 10
00
70
00
00
64
00
15 24
4 05
26 31
1886
8.25
0.00
4.10
9.39
0.65
0.00
00
0.00
0.00
0.89
1 26
4.88
29 41
1887
2 04
12 38
1 60
4 34
30
00
00
T
1 09
00
1 '>2
4 90
27 77
1888
7.07
1.40
3.25
0.80
40
1 55
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.00
4.20
5.82
24 79
1889
33
52
9 57
1 36
4 65
00
00
00
00
6 75
4 85
11 94
38 97
1890
8.97
3.96
8.08
2.83
2 30
00
00
0.00
2.63
14
00
5 13
34 04
1891
88
6 80
5.40
2 23
88
69
00
00
00
1 33
95
7 36
26 52
1892
4.00
4.91
5.96
3.11
4.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
15
1.76
6.13
8.99
39 56
1893. .
5 33
4 74
9 20
3 71
78
00
00
00
70
1 11
5 32
3 88
34 77
1894
6.96
9.89
1.95
1.35
2.77
1.38
T
T
67
3.87
1.09
13.56
43.49
1895.
12 74
4 14
3 09
3 38
1 88
00
T
13
2 04
12
1 04
3 39
31 95
1896
11.88
0.49
6.21
7.66
2.42
0.40
0.14
0.25
0.90
1 09
10 34
2.98
44.76
1897.
2 78
11 40
8 05
1 51
28
17
00
T
20
2 83
2 22
3 50
S 9 94
1898
1 13
6 44
32
49
2 26
97
T
00
26
1 75
3 59
2 75
19 96
1899
4 78
17
13 25
51
1 28
1 43
00
03
00
5 94
9 00
5 47
41 86
Average (29 years)
i-5 90
4 95
5 19
3 20
1 53
45
02
02
49
1 78
3 84
6 21
33 58
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
127
BERKELEY.
By Dr. ARXIN O. LEUSCHXER, Director of Students' Observatory.
SYNOPSIS OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT BERKELEY FOR THE YEARS ENDING JUNE 30,
1898, JUNE 30, 1899, ~AND JUNE 30, 1900, IN COMPARISON WITH THE TEN- YEAR SYNOPSIS, JUNE
30, 1887, TO JUNE 30, 1897.
In 1898 a ten-year synopsis of the meteorological observations taken at the Students'
Observatory from 1887, Juh- 1, to 1897, June 30, was compiled by Mr. R. Tracy Crawford,
under direction of Dr. Leuschner and published in the University Chronicle, Vol. I. The ten-
year synopsis is now being supplemented by a synopsis of the meteorological observations at
Berkeley for the years ending June 30, 1898, June 30, 1899, and June 30, 1900, compiled by
Mr. Y. Kuno.
To facilitate comparison of the annual means, etc., for these three years with the ten-year
synopsis the corresponding figures of the ten-j-ear synopsis are printed in the last column.
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.
Year ending June 30, 1898.
Year ending June 30, 1899.
Year ending June 30, 1900.
Ten years ending June
30, 1897.
Date.
Barom-
eter
read-
ing.
Date.
Barom-
eter
read-
ing.
Date.
Barom-
eter
read-
ing.
Date.
Barom-
eter
read-
ing.
Mean
India.
30.049
,
Inchet.
30.051
Iiiflii t.
30.028
Inehe*.
30.027
30.533
29.196
0.970
| 30.499
29.296
30.229
29.908
1.229
0.240
Highest
December 25, 8
a. m.
April 29, 8 p.m....
30.486
29.565
0.921
30.385
29.602
30.211
29.944
0.782
0.293
December 24, 8
a.m.
January 10, 8 a. m.
30.634
29.436
1.198
December 20, 8
a. m.
October 10,8a.m.
30.511
29.627
884
December 30, 8
a. m., 1895.
February 22, 8
p. m., 1891.
Annual range
Highest daily average ..
December 24, 28...
April 29
December 24
30.594
29.526
30.220
29.913
0.969
0.225
30.474
29.633
30.142
29.952
0.726
0.246
[December 6, 1891..
(December 30, 1895.
February 22, 1891 .
December, 1895 . . .
August 1887
October 10
Greatest monthly mean
Least monthly mean
Greatest monthly range
Least monthly range
December
December
June
March.
August
July .
February, 1891
August, 1887
Aueust ..
September
August
1
TEMPERATURE.
Year ending June 30, 1898. Year ending June 30, 1899. Year ending June 30, 1900.
Ten years ending June 30,
1897.
Ther
Ther-
Ther-
Ther-
mome-
mome-
mome-
mome-
Date. < ter
Date.
ter
Date.
ter
Date.
ter
read-
read-
read-
read-
ing.
ing.
ing.
ing.
F.
a r.
F.
F.
Mean
' 53.3
53 5
54 1
54 4
June 30 ... | 75 5
Julvl
72 8
76 5
June 29 1891
wannest day.
32 8
38 5
Januarv 14 1888
coldest day.
Maximum temperature
June4 r 90.8
Julyl
94.4
Octobers
94.0
June 29, 1891
101.0
January 10 ' 32. 9
29 9
34 5
January 14 1888.
-' 1 9
Annual range
57.9
64.5
59 5
58.9
JuneSO 37.4
Julvl
31 2
May 11
33 2
June 20 1892
38 1
March 2 3 5
March 23
2 3
2 5
June 60.8
58 5
59 g
62 9
Lowest monthly mean
Januarv 43. 3
December
46 3
46 6
40 6
Greatest monthlv range
April ... 44.4
v
February
49.6
October
49
June 1891
55 1
Lowest monthlv range
August 23.3
August
26.7
20 8
19 3
128
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION.
Year ending June 30, 1898.
Year ending June 30, 1899.
Year ending June 30, 1900.
Ten years ending June 30,
1897.
Date.
Amount.
Date. Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Date.
Amount.
Inches.
14 408
: Inches.
27 662
Inches.
25.359
Inches.
28. 573
4.160
12.634
Maximum rainfall during
twenty-four hours.
Maximum rainfall for one
month.
December?
2.221
3.279
March 22 3.198
October 20-21...
3.198
5.864
February 15, 1891
December, 1894 .
March ! 13 192
RELATIVE HUMIDITY.
Year ending June 30, 1898.
Year ending June 30, 1899.
Year ending June 30, 1900.
Ten years ending June 30,
1897.
Date.
Per
cent.
Date.
Per
cent.
Date.
Per
cent.
Date.
Per
cent.
84 29
85.4
100.0
54.8
45.2
87.1
82.9
100.0
27.3
62.0
60.2
89.5
68.1
69.7
20.0
Maximum humidity
June 30, 8 p. m ...
October 26,8 p.m.
100.0
48.0
52.0
(")
October 20, 8 a. m.
(July 13, 8 a. m
^January 3, 10, 8
I a. m.
Octobers, 8a.m..
I 100.0
51.0
49.0
January 14, 7
a. m., 1888.
January 15, 9
p. m., 1888.
March 12, 9 p. m.,
1889.
October28,2p.m.,
1890.
Greatest daily variation
Highest monthly mean
March 10 22
39.0
87.9
80.35
46.0
20.0
October 16
37.3
91.5
79.5
44.0
20.5
February 5
38.5
91.0
83.1
46.0
17.0
September 24, 1891
January, 1895
January, 1892
October, 1890
September, 1896 ..
February
July
January
October
Highest monthly range
do
do
March
a July 7, 9, 8 p. m.; August 1, 8 p. m.; September 1, 16, 19, 21, 8 p. m.; February 3, 8 a. m.
WEATHER IN GENERAL.
Number of
Total.
Foggy
days.
Days
on
which
rain
fell.
Description of
prevailing wind.
Clear
days.
Fair
days.
Cloudy
days.
Year ending June 30 1898
171
124
88
175
87
136
126
67
107
105
151
123
365
365
365
365
48
49
52
66
52
61
88
70
South and calm.
Do.
Do.
Southwest.
Year ending June 30 1899
Year ending June 30 1900 . .
For Rainfall tables see page 168.
BOCA.
/
[Data from records of Southern Pacific Railway Company.]
Boca is situated at the junction of the Truckee and Little Truckee rivers, in latitude
39 25' north, longitude 120 5' west, and has an elevation of 5,535 feet; within a short dis-
tance are elevations of from 7,000 to 8,000 feet. It is in Nevada County, on the eastern
slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, and has essentially a mountain climate. The general
movement of the air is from the north, although southwest winds blowing down the valley
of the Truckee River are frequent. Killing frosts occur late in spring and early in autumn.
The mean annual temperature, based upon records covering a period of thirty years, is 43.8.
The coldest month is January, with a mean temperature of 25.9. December and February
are also very cold months. The warmest month is July, with a mean temperature of 62.7.
The minimum temperatures for the last four years are as follows: Zero January 9, 1897; 12
below zero December 30, 1898; 30 below zero February 6, 1899, and zero December 31, 1900.
The mean annual precipitation for thirty-one years is 20.14 inches. The month of heaviest
precipitation is January, with an average of 4.30 inches. The snowfall for the past four
years is as follows: 1897, 193 inches; 1898, 86 inches; 1899, 224 inches; 1900, 158 inches.
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
129
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MILAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year. Jan. j Feb Mar.
Apr. May.
June. July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1871 29.1 30.8 39.1
42,7 52.4
61.9 70.3
68.4
58.4
48.7
35.4
33.2
49.2
1872 S2.1 37.7 39.5
41.1 56.9
67.4 65.7
67.7
52.5
48.5
35.4
32.2
48.1
1873 36.0 28.9. 31.3
40.4 48.9
52.0 66.9
61.3
58.1
45.3
44.6
26.8
45.0
1874 ' 23.3 23.8 29.2
42.5 48.4
57.5 68.7
60.4
54.8
47.5
40.4
33.3
44.2
1875 30.3 ' 30.8 36.9
43.6 57.8
54.5 65.2
64.2
48.4
50.4
35.4
35.4
46.1
1876 19.4 25.3 32.6
38.2 48.2
63.2 63.0
60.9
57.6
50.8
37.2
21.0
43.1
1877 27.9 33.1 43.0
43.2 47.8
63.2 63.5
62.1
59.1
44.3
38.8
31.1
46.4
1878 30.8 , 30.3 35.5
42. 7 47. 6
58.0 58.9
62.7
54.4
44.5
39.2
28.1
44.4
1879 20.8 33.9 38.2
43.6 44.3
57.8 61.3
62.3
57.9
42.9
34.6
24.5
43.5
1880 18.8 18.3 24.0
38.2 45.7
56.3 63.9
58.5
52.8
44.4
31.2
31.4
40.3
1881 29.1 33.9 38.3
48.7 48.6
57.2 62.9
52.4
59.3
41.5
22.7
23.9
43.2
1882 31.5 18.1 25.7
34.4 47.3
56.4 64.2
60.6
55.1
58.2
31.6
31.3
42.9
1883 22.4 18.7 40.9
51.0 47.3
56.3 60.2
56.8
53.6
41.0
32.4
29.4
42.5
1884 22.6 18.7 30.0
37.4 49.0
56.2 60.7
64.6
51.1
46.0
35.8
31.6
42.0
1885 30.2 38.8 46.9
44.6 52.4
53.5 62.9
64.2
58.7
49.9
40.5
33.1
48.0
1886 30.0 38.1 i 36.6
46.5 52.5
57.5 62.7
62.7
54.8
45.0
28.4
34.1
45.7
1887 27.4 21.4 ' 34.3
42.9 51.8
56.4 64.9
63.5
55.9
49.6
33.5
22.4
43.7
1888 15.8 27.6 33.4
42.5 53.4
58.4 67.9
63.6
60.4
43.5
33.5
31.2
44.3
1889 26.1 31.3 33.6
48.2 48.6
63.9 63.9
61.9
56.8
43.5
41.7
28.8
45.7
1890 ... 19.2 27.2 33.4
43.0 52.5
53.9 63.6
62.1
63.6
48.9
43.8
26.9
44.8
1891 25.0 28.0 34.3
41.4 50.0
56.5 I 66.5
68.7
54.2
48.1
40.6
20.6
44.0
1892 20.5 22.2 33.1
37.1 45.3
57.1 58.9
61.1
5L3
41.0
29.7
22.2
39.9
1893 27.4 24.4 28.6
34.5 ! 47.1
56. 1 59. 9
61.5
52.5
47.9
40.0
32.1
42.7
1894 . 26.5 28.6 33.2
41.3 50.5
54.5 55.4
56.7
52.1
45.8
44.5
29.1
43.2
1895 26.1 29.3 32.2
38.8 52.7
57.4 60.1
57.9
51.6
48.2
38.7
31.2
43.7
1896 . 32.6 37.1 36.7
36.6 43.7
59.1 63.2
57.7
53.0
47.3
37.6
33.5
44.8
1897 27.8 21.8 24.1
40.9 53.7
55.3 59.3
59.5
49.2
41.3
33.4
24.4
40.9
1898 - 18.4 32.2 28.4
43.5 45.9
54.5 61.0
63.1
50.5
38.2
28.7
21.6
40.5
1899 25.5 26.6 31.4
37.2 40.6
54.6 56.7
50.8
51.5
37.0
36.1
23.7
39.3
1900 25.3 32.4 34.7
36.0 , 48.2
56.1 59.9
52.4
44.5
39.9
37.3
29.4
41.3
Mean (30 years) i 25.9 28.3 34.0
41.4 49.3
57. 4 62. 7
60.8
55.1
45.6
36.1
28.6
43.8
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
1870 4.31
3.85
1.82
0.81 0.55 0.14
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.52
0.04
1.10
13.26
1871 . 2.50
2.32
1.60
0.45 0.00 0.10
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.60
7.30
16.87
1872 3.00
0.90
0.10
1.50 i 0.10 i 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
2.60
8.40
1873 1. 80
4.10
0.10
0.10 ! 0.75 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.30
U.15
1874 4.70
2.40
6.20
0.80 0.60 0.00
0.60
0.00
0.10
2.15
3.70
0.60
21.85
1875. 6.30
0.00
0.65
0.60 0.00 0.40
T.
0.00
0.00
T.
1.06
1.65
10.66
1876 . . 8. 10
3.60
4.72
0.70 0.10 0.00
0.22
0.01
0.01
0.25
0.02
0.00
17.73
1877. ' 5.22
0.00
0.46
0.95 0.36 0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.50
0.30
8.89
1878 3. 94
6.74
0.86
1.30 0.00 ! 0.13
0.08
0.00
0.17
0.99
1.60
0.00
15.81
1879 5.47
2.92
4.80
2.08 0.45 ! 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.98
4.18
21.08
1880 3.00
3.00
2.90
6.95 0.75 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.68
20.28
1881 4.31
3.75
2.90
1.48 0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
1.20
1.00
14.74
1882 3 90
3.60
10.20
1.00 | 0.00 ' 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.80
0.90
0.60
21.00
1883. 1- IS
2.20
1.70
0.90 ' 1.80 ! 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.45
0.50
0.60
11.30
1884 4 60
6.30
5.10
1.90 ' 0.30 ; 1.40
0.00
0.00
T.
0.80
0.00
8.20
28.60
1885 .. 1.00
0.10
0.10
1.50 j 0.00 j 0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.40
2.98
8.38
1886 8 35
0.85
4.40
1.30 ' 0.50 1 0.00
1.00
0.00
0.10
0.70
0.70
0.70
18.60
1887 2.40
12.70
0.00
1.80 T. ! 0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
0.30
2.70
19.90
1888 3 75
1.00
2.40
0.10 i 0.51 0.10
0.15
0.30
0.12
0.00
0.95
1.45
10.83
1889 1.05
0.60
1.15
0.10 ; 3.90 ' 0.00
0.00
0.00
o.ob
1.50
4.55
19.35
32.20
1890 14 60
5.40
5.45
0.60 j 0.70 ! 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.70
0.00
3.65
31.10
1891 : 1.25
11.80
2.50
1.70 1 1.40 0.25
0.05
0.00
0.60
0.00
0.25
8.30
28.10
1892 . 70
3.35
1.70
2.70 I 3.10 i 0.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.50
8.35
6.95
29.05
1893 4.55
8.90
4.00
1.90 1.35 0.00
0.00
0.06
0.55
0.25
2.42
3.70
27.67
1894 5. 10
7.55
1.00 j 0.33 T.
0.00
T.
T.
0.61
0.50
11.80
27.64
1895 8 36
1.20
0.45
70 ! 0.90 T.
0.00
0.97
0.11
0.71
3.07
16.47
1896 . ' 7.75
0.50
6.30
6.65 3.10 0.25
L15
0.18
0.35
0.00
2.47
1.80
30.50
1897 2.20
6.35
8.35
0.10 | 0.50 0.40
0.00
0.50
T.
2.10
2.80
2.72
26.02
1898 . ... 1.55
2.90
2.50
1.30 1 0.85 ' 1.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
1.28
1.84
1.58
14.81
1899 6 80
1 85
7 95
85 1 2. 40 0. 10
0.00
0.98
0.00
4.42
2.59
4.53
32.47
1900 1.57
0.60
3.52
4.27 ! 1.10 ' 2.67
T
1.22
0.66
3.04
5.73
4.58
28.96
3 S9
3 08
1 55 85 26
17
10
12
79
->
3.74
20 14
1176 Bull. L-O3-
130
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
CHICO.
Chico is situated about 5 miles east of the Sacraniento River, in the northern central portion
of the valley, latitude 39 43', longitude 121 51'. The lower foothills of the Sierra Nevada
Mountains lie close to the east. While the elevation of Chico itself is but 193 feet, 10 miles east
the contours approximate 1,000 feet, and 20 miles east elevations of several thousand feet are
reached. The Sierra Nevada Mountains are not quite as abrupt and lofty here as elsewhere in
the range. The general drainage of the air is down the main axis of the valley, that is, from the
northwest; but there must also be a considerable movement of air from the northeast and east,
backward over the mountains, with the passage of certain high areas eastward.
The mean annual temperature, based upon records extending over a period of thirty years,
is 63.8. The coldest month is January, with a mean temperature of 46.7, and the warmest is
July, 83.9.
The highest temperature recorded within this period of thirty years was 117. Tempera-
tures exceeding 100 are not infrequent during June, July, and August. The lowest temperature
was 18, or an absolute range of 99. The lowest temperature recorded in April was 36, and in
May 40. The first killing frost in autumn last year (1899) occurred on December 12 and the
last killing frost in spring on March 30.
The mean annual rainfall for twenty-nine years is 22.44 inches. More than half of this
amount falls in the three months of December, January, and February. July is practically a
rainless month, as only thrice in twenty-nine years has rain fallen to an appreciable extent. The
rainfall is well distributed for agricultural purposes. During twelve of the twenty-nine years
the total annual rainfall has not equaled 20 inches, but only twice has the rainfall not exceeded
15 inches. The driest year was that of 1898, when but 12.31 inches fell. The year of greatest
rainfall was 1892, when over 36 inches fell.
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1878
65
65
78
82
105
105
Ill
98
90
73
1879
62
74
82
84
95
104
106
108
105
92
78
62
1880
64
65
76
86
99
96
106
102
102
92
75
68
1881
74
87
92
94
108
106
102
106
86
78
62
1882.
58
60
86
94
105
106
112
110
102
84
68
68
1883
80
84
84
100
108
110
108
107
88
75
63
1884
BO
78
76
85
85
97
105
111
95
78
75
74
1885 .
68
75
86
96
104
100
107
115
105
103
1886..
66
80
76
89
100
106
114
109
105
90
84
76
1887
69
70
80
87
107
113
114
110
105
95
80
62
1888.
62
80
80
95
98
100
110
111
109
90
73
64
1889
66
78
80
86
104
106
114
115
103
98
75
60
1890
59
66
72
86
98
ir>4
111
104
92
92
88
70
1891
72
68
78
90
98
114
117
116
99
91
78
68
1892.
70
76
84
S4
98
in4
105
110
98
95
88
72
1893
68
72
78
80
92
96
105
108
98
90
83
78
1894..
64
70
78
88
92
10">
105
no
106
96
90
66
1895
66
78
80
9?
98
108
108
110
98
94
80
68
1896.
64
75
78
78
94
100
108
104
105
94
76
67
1897
62
74
75
92
98
109
108
OS
100
85
78
69
1898
66
76
78
97
98
104
114
112
100
90
85
70
1899
78
84
77
90
92
107
107
103
105
102
76
73
Absolute maximum and year
f 78
84
87
97
107
114
117
116
109
103
90
78
1 1899
1899
1881
1898
1887
1891
1891
1891
1888
1885
1894
1893
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
131
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov. Dec.
1878
28
n
39
38
64
58
60
52
42
34 24
1879 >.
28
30
43
48
46
56
60
62
60
48
34 26
1880
25
28
34
42
46
60
68
62
60
52
22 40
18S1
46
42
54
56
66
62
68
56
36
28 32
1882
30
30
36
46
50
60
70
70
54
54
28 34
1883
26
46
47
46
60
74
70
62
40
30 30
1884
30
20
34
48
56
54
67
65
50
48
35 : 25
1885
35
35
45
48
50
58
65
64
58
46
39 33
1886
29
40
38
44
50
66
68
69
55
37
33 33
1887
30
28
40
48
50
52
75
52
54
45
30 32
1888
18
35
40
45
55
60
65
67
60
45
37 35
1889
31
27
45
48
48
60
65
65
53
50
40 32
1890
28
28
36
46
50
53
60
60
56
47
40 33
1891
31
30
38
44
53
50
60
65
58
55
38 20
1892
32
32
32
38
42
50
56
58
53
38
32 32
1893
32
30
34
36
42
52
60
58
45
40
32 30
1894
24
28
28
36
42
48
62
60
46
42
33 31
1895
33
36
40
40
54
55
64
58
50
42
30 28
1896
29
37
30
36
40
52
58
58
52
44
26 35
1897
35
30
33
41
53
58
65
58
55
42
34 28
1898 .
25
36
V
45
52
55
65
64
55
45
35 28
1899
30
25
35
45
45
57
60
t
58
44
45 i 34
Absolute minimum and year
I 18
1 1888
20
1884
28
1894
36
ol893
40
1896
48
1894
56
1892
52
1887
45
1893
36
1881
22 20
1880 1891
a Also 1894 and 1896.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1870
47.8
50.9
51.3
60.1
67.4
76.3
86.8
81.6
71.7
62.6
53.8
44.6
62.8
1871
47.9
47.7
54.9
59.4
65.2
79.2
-_ |
82.9
72.3
61.5
51.6
47 4
62 7
1872
46.9
51.9
55.6
59.1
71.3
77.0
89.1
77.7
73.1
63.5
50.4
46.5
63.5
1873
50.1
46.2
57.5
60.2
69.9
77.2
84.2
75.3
75.5
61 8
52 8
38 8
62 5
1874
43.2
45.9
50.0
58.7
66.6
73.9
80.3
74.9
71.4
60.7
51.1
42.9
60
1875
42.5
48.4
52.5
66.3
71.1
72.3
81.8
83.6
76.8
71.4
45.6
48.4
63.4
1876 .. ..
44.9
48.4
52.6
61.8
65.7
79.9
74.6
73.6
76.1
70 8
55.6
47 8
62 6
1877
50.2
53.7
60.5
60.8
67.1
79.5
82.8
80.2
75.1
63.6
52.6
42.3
64
1878
49.6
51.3
57.6
66.6
70.8
83.3
85.4
86.8
74.3
66.1
56.0
46.0
66.0
1879
45.0
54.4
58.7
62.9
61.6
78.5
80.3
83.5
78.5
64.1
51.6
44 3
63 6
1880
44.6
45.4
54.0
57.6
65.7
75.7
85.2
80.8
78.9
76.1
48.1
49.5
63 5
1881
49.6
56.3
59.0
69.3
73.9
78.5
87.6
82.6
78.2
67 3
58 2
46 6
66 4
1882 .
43.0
45.1
56.8
61.2
68.8
79.5
86.5
85.8
76.6
64.9
46.4
60 8
63 7
1883
46.5
49.7
60.8
60.4
68.4
87.5
91.1
86.7
79 2
61 3
61 1
45 5
65 7
1884
46.6
44.4
53.8
60.7
71.2
70.2
84.1
86.7
69.1
58.4
57.5
50 6
62 8
1885
49.4
54.5
63.9
65.1
73.9
76.5
84 4
88 3
76 1
70 8
54 9
51 4
67 4
1886
48.5
57.1
54.7
60.2
70.5
84.0
89.0
85.1
77.9
62 5
52 9
52 6
66 2
1887
50.5
45.0
60.0
65.0
72.7
80.6
88.3
80.1
77.7
70.5
55.0
48 5
66 2
1888
42.6
54.9
56.4
70.9
71.6
75.1
86.0
82.1
88
67 2
54 7
51 4
66 3
1889
45.3
51.4
68.9
64.2
69.7
82.6
85.2
85.1
77.9
64.2
54.7
48 1
65 6
1890
42.1
46.3
51.5
61.3
68.7
71.3
80 4
79 5
70 9
63 7
67 2
45 5
61 5
1891
50.0
48.5
55.1
CO. 9
67.9
77.5
87.5
85.6
75.4
71.1
57 8
43 9
65 1
1892
47.1
49.6
53.2
56.2
64.6
70.9
77 1
76 7
72 8
65 8
58 5
52.5
62 1
1893
45.8
49.3
49.6
53.4
64.8
71.0
77.1
78.5
64 7
59 3
52 8
48 8
59 6
1894
44.8
46.2
52.7
60.1
63.9
63.2
81 3
79 5
71 3
64
58 5
48 6
61 2
1895
48.8
56.6
57.0
62.2
68.4
80.4
81.4
82 8
68 8
65 6
52 2
45 3
64
1896
49.3
53.1
55.0
53.4
62.2
77.6
84 9
78 6
71 6
65 4
52 7
52
63
1897
47.3
50.4
52.0
65.2
74.8
77.7
85.1
83 5
73 2
61 6
55 7
48 4
64 5
1898
42.4
63.2
54.0
64.7
65.6
77.1
85 2
85 3
75
65 5
53 6
;.; |
64
1899 . .
49.6
52.6
53.4
63.2
65.6
78.2
84.6
73 2
76 8
63 3
57 8
48
63 9
1900
51.0
53.2
59.9
59.4
69 3
78.7
82 6
79 2
72 6
59 9
57 Q
47 9
64 2
46.9
50.3
55.6
61.6
68.4
77 1
83 9
81 5
74 6
64 6
53 8
47 5
63 8
132
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1871 .
2.36
3.53
1.17
2.13
1.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
2.07
10.11
22.68
1872
7.94
8.12
1.02
1.64
0.00
0.33
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.20
2.11
5.07
26.48
1873
2.51
2.04
1.50
1.08
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.65
2.16
9.36
19.38
1874
6.16
2.94
2.21
1.90
0.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.60
5.96
0.65
24.34
1875 .
4.77
0.38
0.86
T.
0.18
1.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.57
5.08
2.21
15.41
1876
4.76
7.49
4.59
0.00
T.
T.
0.50
0.00
0.14
4.03
0.35
0.00
21.86
1877
5.70
2.04
2.64
0.31
0.33
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.44
2.49
2.31
17.64
1878
12.04
10.01
4.49
1.52
0.42
0.00
0.00
T.
0.54
0.96
1.11
0.27
31.36
1879
3.70
4.93
8.62
2.17
2.05
0.12
T.
0.20
0.00
0.42
3.08
4.76
25.05
1880
1.14
0.95
0.47
5.78
0.76
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.29
17.38
1881
4.36
3.94
1.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.13
0.00
1.55
2.65
14.56
1882
1.61
4.54
4.54
1.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.13
1.76
2.26
0.84
17.69
1883
0.67
0.27
3.61
1.65
5.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.65
3.78
0.86
0.50
17.00
1884
2.48
2.16
6.57
2.93
0.40
2.11
0.00
0.00
0.86
1.40
0.00
6.28
23.19
1885
2.26
1.01
0.30
0.75
0.63
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.27
8.99
5.42
20.41
1886
4.44
0.75
2.29
4.17
0.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.97
0.15
2.78
15.91
1887
0.68
6.53
1.38
2.31
0.00
0.96
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.05
2.53
15.44
1888
4.95
1.15
1.94
0.15
0.00
1.20
0.00
0.01
0.68
0.00
4.49
6.35
19.92
1889
0.34
0.50
5.68
0.97
1.78
0.42
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.80
2.59
9.74
29.82
1890.
5.26
2.51
5.65
1.97
1.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.28
0.00
0.00
3.24
21.78
1891
1 36
8.76
1.23
1.78
0.20
0.96
0.15
0.00
0.16
0.34
0.46
4.39
19.79
1892 .
5.02
3.28
4.58
3.81
3.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.92
6.31
9.08
36.24
1893
5.54
4.14
5.46
1.63
1.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.67
0.00
3.53
3.18
25.49
1894
7.19
2.52
1.68
0.00
1.80
0.97
0.00
0.00
2.00
2.64
0.73
11.08
30.61
1895
11.77
2.68
2.67
3.25
0.51
0.00
0.47
0.00
3.16
0.00
1.17
1.78
27.35
1896
10.08
21
2.99
5.88
1.60
0.00
0.00
0.41
0.76
0.52
5.52
5.81
33.78
1897....
3.89
5.94
1.44
1.36
0.18
0.61
0.00
0.00
0.10
3.26
1.58
2.38
20.74
1898
85
5 30
0.19
0.47
1.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.40
1.26
1.81
12.31
1899 .
7.17
0.00
4.21
0.52
0.81
2.27
0.00
0.12
0.00
2.95
5.05
4.20
27.30
1900
3 79
95
2 CO
2 47
1.64
0.55
0.00
0.00
T.
2.22
4.75
1.77
20.14
4 46
3 32
2 70
1 79
96
0.42
0.04
0.03
0.47
1.41
2.56
4.22
22.36
CORONADO.
By Mr. FORD A. CARPENTER, Observer, Weather Bureau.
Coronado is practically an island; only a long and a very narrow strip of land connects it
with the mainland. San Diego Bay may be likened to an inverted J lying- northwest and south-
east. Coronado lies snugly within the curve of the J and has a southern exposure. It is there-
fore readily seen that the climate of Coronado is substantially that of San Diego. The differences
are slight and have only been determined by comparison of the records of self-registering
instruments.
Regular meteorological observations have been made at Coronado since the erection of the
Hotel del Coronado in February, 1888, but it has only been a little over a year since a set of
recording instruments has been installed. The instruments now used comprise a Richards baro-
graph located in the hotel lobby (elevation 30 feet above sea level), one Richards thermograph
and other recording thermometers exposed in a standard instrument shelter on the northwest
lawn, 75 feet away from any building, tree, etc., and 20 feet above sea level. The rain gage is
located on the lawn near the instrument shelter. The photographic sunshine recorder is mounted
on the east tower of the hotel. Such is the instrumental equipment of Coronado as installed by
the San Diego office of the United States Weather Bureau.
The region in which Coronado is situated lies too far south to be affected very much by the
areas of low pressure that enter the Pacific coast near Vancouver. Probably four-fifths of the
northern storm areas of winter are too distant to cause any fluctuations of the barometer. This
is also true of the summer storms of the southwest. Areas of high barometer are almost as
persistent during the winter months as areas of low pressure during the summer. The highs
are responsible for the relative warm, dry, and clear winter weather, and the lows for damp,
cool, and cloudy summer months.
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
AVERAGE AND EXTREME DATA FOR A PERIOD OF THIRTEEN YEARS.
[Record began February 1, 1888.]
133
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
For the
year.
Temperature:
55
57
58
60
63
64
66
69
68
65
60
56
61.7
17
16
14
14
12
10
11
12
12
14
17
16
13.8
63
64
65
67
69
70
72
73
74
71
69
65
68.5
46
48
49
54
57
59
61
65
62
56
50
48
54.6
Highest
80
85
86
93
98
93
84
90
93
93
91
83
98
32
34
36
41
45
51
55
54
53
48
38
32
32
Humidity: n
Average relative (per cent).
Average absolute (inches)..
Precipitation, average in inches.
Wind:
73
0.277
2.20
N".
75
0.298
1.91
NW.
77
0.347
1.65
W.
76
0.373
..73
W.
79
0.402
.35
W.
79
0.465
.06
W.
81
0.517
W.
81
0.555
.02
W.
-_
0.555
.04
NW.
79
0.417
.29
NW.
72
0.334
.76
NW.
T2
0.310
1.90
NW.
77.3
0.404
9.81
NW.
Average hourly velocity
4.9
5.4
5.5
5.6
6.0
| v
5.5
5.7
4.9
4.8
4.9
5.4
Weather:
Average number of days
Clear
20
20
20
18
18
14
24
22
21
20
23
19
239
Partlv oloudv
6
6
5
8
8
7
3
6
5
6
5
5
70
Cloudy
5
2
6
4
5
9
4
3
4
5
2
56
6
7
7
3
1
1
2
3
7
42
With fog
2
1
1
>
1
1
1
1
5
2
1
18
Largest number of days
Clear
25
25
26
24
23
30
28
H
27
28
29
30
15
11
12
11
11
17
13
10
8
13
11
8
17
Cloudy
9
13
12
13
17
11
4
10
11
12
13
15
.17
Smallest number of days
Clear
12
9
8
9
3
5
18
14
16
12
12
10
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
1
1
2
1
Cloudy
2
2
2
5
2
2
1
a Data from the San Diego Weather Bureau station, which is 2} miles northeast of Coronado and 60 feet higher.
GILROY.
[Data from records of Southern Pacific Railway Company.]
Gilroy is situated near the southern line of Santa Clara County, 30 miles southeast of San
Jose, in latitude 36 C 59' north, longitude 121 33' west; elevation, 193 feet.
The mean annual temperature, based upon records covering twenty-seven years, is 58.4.
July and August are the warmest months, with mean temperatures of 68.8 C and 67.9, respec-
tively, and the coldest month is January, with a mean of 46. 5 C . The highest monthly mean
recorded is 77. 3 C , in July. 1875, and the lowest 39.9, in December, 1874. Following are the
maximum temperatures in the past five years: 103 in August. 1897; 107 in July, 1898; 99 in
June, 1899; 106 in August, 1900, and 104 in August. 1901. The lowest temperatures recorded
in recent years are 23 C in December, 1897, and 20 in December, 1898.
The average annual precipitation, from 1874 to 1900, inclusive, is 19.55 inches. The rainy
season extends from October to April, the greatest precipitation occurring in December and
January, and frequent rains occur in May and September. The greatest monthly precipitation
recorded is 12.33 inches, in December, 1880, and the greatest annual. 32.95 inches, in 1884.
134
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1874
46.5
46.5
49.0
57.3
66.8
72.4
71.6
68.5
66 4
67.7
57 2
39 9
68 3
1875
43 3
45 2
48.4
63.6
75 5
70 2
77 3
68 6
63 8
63 3
52 3
48 1
60
1876
43.2
46.0
52.9
60.8
63.7
68.9
68.J,
67.1
65 8
61.9
54 7
48 8
58 5
1877
51.3
54 8
59.1
59.0
61 8
69 4
71 1
67 7
69 5
58
52 6
47 9
60 2
1878
49.3
49.8
54.4
57.4
63.0
64.1
66.3
66.4
65.6
61.9
63.9
46.3
58 1
1879
44.6
53 2
56.6
58.5
60 6
66 4
66 4
68 1
65 8
60 9
50 6
45
58 1
1880
43.7
44.1
46.8
53.7
60.2
63.5
64. S
64.8
63.6
59.4
47.0
50.7
65 2
1881...
49.0
53 3
54.2
59.8
61 4
65 1
68 6
65 6
66 8
58 6
49 1
48 1
68 3
1882
43.7
43.8
55.3
55.1
61.7
63.9
66.5
66.8
64.5
58.4
52.1
48
66 6
1883
43 2
45 6
55.4
55 1
60 8
68 9
72
68 5
69 6
60 2
49 8
47 2
68
1884
46.5
48.4
54.1
56.8
63.0
65.2
71.1
69.9
65.6
60.0
53.8
49 6
58 7
1885.
50
52 5
58 6
59 5
65 1
65 1
69
69 6
68 4
63 4
55
50 8
60 6
1886
48.7
55.5
55.9
58.6
62.7
69.3
72.5
71.5
65.3
57.9
51.5
53 2
60 2
1887
47 7
46 8
56 5
56 9
62 4
66 6
65
63 7
67 9
64 1
52 7
46 3
58
1888
44.8
51.1
52.3
62.0
61.8
71 9
71.4
74.1
70.8
61.7
65.4
51 4
60 7
1889
46.0
49 5
56 7
61 3
63 7
67 1
68 6
69 1
67 8
61 1
54 8
48 7
58 5
1890.. . .
43.8
47.7
54.1
58.3
63.7
65 2
68.7
66.2
65.8
61.2
54.1
48 2
58 1
1891
46 9
49 3
53 7
58
60 1
68 1
67 7
71 6
67 5
60 6
54 1
47 6
58 8
1892.
49.1
51 4
54.9
53.1
61.3
66 4
68.4
69.1
66.6
61.1
54 7
48 9
58 8
1893
47 8
49 8
55 1
57 6
62 3
66 9
69 1
67 6
63 1
60
53 9
51
58 7
18v4
45.7
48 2
51.3
61
60 1
63 2
68.0
67.6
66.9
61.2
56.5
49 4
58 2
1895
47.6
51.6
52.6
57.1
61.8
67.2
67.3
67.6
63.9
58.9
48.8
44.4
57 4
1896
1897
46.0
42.1
49.1
48.1
52.9
49.4
51.1
57.3
59.2
63.2
66.8
67.2
67.6
68.3
67.9
67.3
61.4
64.7
62.6
53.6
48.4
50.0
48.2
43.5
56.8
56 2
1898
43 1
48 9
49 5
59
60 7
67-4
68.3
70.6
63 4
60 8
51 7
47
57 5
1899
51.0
51.2
53.5
59.2
58.0
67.6
67.1
63.8
68.0
60.6
55.2
49.6
68 7
1900
50
50 3
55 6
53 8
62
65 4
66 7
65 6
64
'58 8
65 8
48
58
46 5
49 3
53 7
57 8
62 5
67
68 8
67 9
66
60 3
52 8
48
58 4
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
1874
5.22
7.70
6.75
3.75
8.98
3.80
2.36
6.84
1.28
2.28
2.94
2.03
6.09
0.90
5.35
2.04
0.75
3.97
0.00
11.48
4.02
1.74
1.95
2.17
1.02
6.65
0.09
0.32
5.14
0.77
1.00
5.62
6.76
1.90
4.34
3.04
.1.79
0.00
4.97
2.27
0.32
0.34
3.15
0.69
5.93
0.82
3.24
3.98
1.84
1.14
5.61
2.77
7.24
0.28
1.17
0.82
3.92
4.22
1.89
0.97
4.18
4.80
0.66
2.54
2.06
5.53
1.24
9.80
1.65
0.95
0.00
0.76
0.27
1.62
1.47
9.48
0.59
0.72
1.19
3.80
1.48
4.32
2.05
0.40
0.63
0.64
2.18
0.90
1.35
0. 55
1.90
4.02
0.45
0.32
0.51
1.60
0.16
O.CO
0.00
0.44
0.00
1.34
0.65
0.00
0.25
2.23
0.34
O.CO
0.22
0.00
0.44
2.00
0.55
0.04
1.21
0.32
1.28
1.21
4.34
0.02
1.28
1.00
0.45
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.11
0.10
0.00
1.24
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
O.CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.00
O.CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
O.CO
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.34
1.46
0.27
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.43
0.32
0.00
0.20
0.03
0.00
0.06
1.04
0.00
0.09
0.05
0.15
o.oo
0.01
3.55
0.00
1.25
0.10
0.88
1.00
0.00
0.46
2.22
1.01
1.73
0.00
0.78
0.00
0.00
5.36
0.00
0.07
1.19
0.02
1.26
1.27
1.88
1.94
0.40
2.40
1.59
2.09
11. 75
0.00
1.14
0.70
1.68
0.46
0.81
1.64
0.33
0.06
6.77
0.33
1.15
3.71
2.98
0.10
0.11
5.40
0.72
0.24
1.04
3.75
0.35
0.33
3.09
9.29
0.04
1.88
0.00
1.56
0.42
3.63
12.33
2.35
0.38
0.78
s. as
2.40
1.09
4.32
2.10
10. 21
3.84
5.80
3.99
1.87
8.44
1.91
1.99
1.93
0.93
2.79
0.99
17.20
23.07
18.66
8.08
27.32
21.07
28.86
14.59
15.83
11.88
32.95
13.33
14.32
14.81
17.01
26.86
23.34
16.71
23.48
16.59
21.22
22.05
29.19
17.38
7.98
25.91
18.14
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883 '
1884
1885
1886 ...
1887
1888
1889
0.46
10.50
0.75
4.71
3.11
4.71
10.39
10.06
2.05
0.98
6.00
2.22
1890
1891
1892-
1893
1894
1895
18%
1897 .
1898
1899
1900
4.53
2.76
3.04
1.64
0.73
0.08
T.
0.04
0.17
1.12 j 2.22
3.21
19.55
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
135
HOLLISTER.
[Data from records of Mr. J. N. Thompson and Southern Pacific Railway Company.]
Hollister is the county seat of San Benito County, and is situated near the terminus of the
Tres Pinos line of the Southern Pacific Railroad, 95 miles southeast of San Francisco, about 20
miles east of Monterey Bay, in latitude 36 C 51' north, longitude 121 C 25' west; elevation, 284 feet
above sea level.
The mean annual temperature, based upon records covering twenty -seven years, is 58.9.
The warmest month is July, with a mean temperature of 67. 2 = , and the coldest is January, 48.8.
The highest monthly mean recorded in the last ten years is 76.7, in July, 1S91, and the lowest
42.8 C , in January, 1898. The highest temperature recorded in recent years is 105, in August,
1900, and the lowest is 19, January 1, 1901.
The average annual precipitation during the past twenty-seven 3*ears is 12.31 inches, which
is 7.2-i inches less than the average for the same period at Gilroy, 15 miles to the northwest.
The heaviest rains occur in January and December, and the greatest monthly precipitation in
recent years was 7.35 inches, in December, 1889. Very little rain falls during the months of
June, July, and August.
MONTHLY AXD ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1874 ' 46.3
48.5
51.4
57.0
60.9
66.6
68.3
68.7
68.6
60.5
56.6
50.4
58.6
1875 46.9
534
52.3
65.1
77.0
76.4
72.7
74.9
75.0
68.6
57.0
51.0
64.2
1876.. 45.5
48.1
49.2
61.9
67.5
74.4
69.7
70.7
68.1
62.3
58.3
47.7
60.2
1877 54.0
55.4
59.9
61.5
65.2
73.0
69.0
66.9
69.4
64.9
56.9
50.7
62.2
1878 50. 3
57.4
54.3
55.9
63.6
62.8
64.3
62.8
64.4
59.9
54.3
46.9
58.1
1879 46.3
54.2
57.2
57.4
58.6
63.4
65.3
- -
65.5
61.3
53.3
48 4
58.3
1880 45.6
46.5
49.7
55.1
61.7
6L6
62.9
63.5
62.8
59.2
51.9
52.8
56.1
1881 51.2
55.3
57.5
60.4
61.3
64.2
65.4
64.9
64.3
57.0
50.4
49.3
58.4
1KB. 50.0
49.8
55.3
59.2
61.0
60.0
66.0
66.9
64.9
58.7
51.4
51.6
57.9
1883 ; 47.4
49.8
54.9
55.5
61.4
67.1
66.0
67.3
66.3
57.6
51.6
50.8
58.0
1884 49. 6
53.5
53.1
56.0
02.9
67.4
70.6
69.5
66.2
61.6
57.3
52.4
60
1885 . ' 62.4
55.9
59.3
60.7
66.2
66.0
68.8
67.4
68.2
64.8
58.0
55.7
62.0
1886 49. 7
55.3
53.1
58.7
64.7
68.0
71.3
73.3
68.3
63.3
53.8
52.1
61
imp 51.9
49.0
59.8
59.4
65.5
68.0
64.9
62.4
65.0
62.1
56.1
52.2
59.5
1888 47.fi
54.3
54.9
60.9
61.3
67.9
68.4
68.4
63 7
59
53 9
53.5
59 -
1889 . : 47.6
48.1
58.7
64.0
65.1
61.7
6$. 8
68.5
69.6
61.4
57.0
56.1
60 *'.
1890 49.9
55.6
57.9
59.5
66.1
66.0
70.4
66.5
62.5
59.7
54.3
51.3
60.0
1891 ... 1 50.6
52.3
56.5
60.7
62.2
70.9
76.7
69.9
71.2
61.9
59.8
47 6
61
1892 51.1
54.0
56.3
55.4
61.3
63.3
65.6
65.8
63.0
58.5
51.5
47.9
57.8
1893 47.4
48.1
51.6
51.7
58.7
64.3
64.5
61.7
58 5
56 9
54.2
47 7
55 4
1894 47.0
49.1
53.1
61.9
61.8
64.4
67.3
68.9
63.S
61.9
58.4
52.1
59.1
1895 48.7
52.0
53.2
55.8
59.3
63 5
64 7
64.1
63.5
61 8
51 5
46
1896... 51.0
52.8
53.8
51.2
56.7
61.9
64.3
6L4
59.1
57.0
51 4
51.0
56
1897 46 4
48 2
48 3
57.4
60 2
64 2
65 3
65.5
64 4
57 2
50 6
46
56 4
1898 42.8
52.7
50.6
59.9
56.1
65.0
64.2
65.8
64.4
61 7
52.4
45 6
56.8
1899 50 5
50
51 8
55 8
54.5
64.'
64.2
62.6
66 6
59 2
54.6
47 2
56 8
1900 50 3
51.1
66.6
53.0
-
64.1
64.1
64 1
64 2
59 5
56 4
48.0
57 7
Mean (27 years) . 48. 8
51.9
54 5
>
62 3
65 9
67 2
66 7
65 6
60 6
54.5
50 1
58.9
136
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1874
4 04
96
2 51
36
37
00
00
00
00
2 33
1 15
1875
5.10
0.16
0.50
-0.00
00
13
00
00
00
00
7 gg
00
1876
2.13
2.77
2.63
0.18
0.18
0.00
0.00
00
00
88
00
00
8 77
1877
1.83
0.25
0.53
0.78
42
00
00
00
00
00
1 03
1 54
1878
5.98
6.61
1.56
1.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
00
00
29
20
36
16 40
1879
1.83
1.99
1.90
1.53
64
07
00
00
00
95
1 06
o 51
1880
1.20
0.86
1.83
3.47
0.51
0.00
0.00
00
00
00
80
5 52
14 18
1881
2.59
1.81
1.05
0.61
00
10
00
00
24
20
64
1 08
8 32
1882.
1.78
1.50
3.46
1.20
0.10
0.24
0.00
00
45
1 32
95
22
11 23
1883
1 44
0.86
1.84
0.99
1 54
00
00
00
25
68
35
90
8 85
1884.
1.05
3.80
4.38
2.66
0.62
1.85
0.00
05
00
1 30
00
3 62
19 33
1885
0.58
0.17
0.35
0.45
0.00
0.23
0.27
0.00
00
00
4 91
1 12
8 08
1886.
3.93
0.22
It 29
2.55
0.15
00
00
00
00
38
42
54
9 48
1887
0.57
3.63
0.65
1.32
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.00
43
00
60
1 54
8 70
1888
2.61
0.97
2.75
0.40
0.80
02
00
00
20
00
2 20
2 00
11 95
1889
0.88
0.87
3.06
0.81
1.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
00
2 91
2 09
7 35
19 23
1890
5.70
2.15
1.45
62
31
00
00
00
45
00
05
2 51
13 14
1891
0.46
3.22
1.35
2.01
05
0.00
0.00
00
00
00
37
4 09
11 55
1892
0.13
1.53
3 49
64
1 33
00
00
00
02
87
2 82
3 79
14 62
1893
1.50
2.87
4.25
0.98
32
00
00
00
11
04
77
1 98
12 82
1894
3.99
2 77
79
40
1 07
09
00
00
55
1 11
29
5 06
16 12
1895
5.74
1.49
1 95
1 34
1 00
00
02
00
06
82
88
1 07
14 37
1896
6 76
07
1 42
2 49
47
00
00
1 10
03
1 55
1 91
1 31
17 11
1897
1.06
2 99
3 38
51
06
14
00
03
06
1 08
46
1 47
11 24
1898
82
1 04
61
78
80
00
00
00
26
11
36
1 32
6 10
1899
2.35
25
4 01
55
00
67
00
00
00
2 19
2 32
1 70
14 04
1900
90
26
75
1 67
1 10
03
00
00
00
1 13
5 69
97
12 50
Average (27 years)
2.48
1.71
1.99
1 13
49
13
01
04
12
75
1 48
1 98
12 31
INDEPENDENCE.
MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
[Data by Mr. J. J. McLean, Observer, U. S. Weather Bureau.]
Years.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1894a
38 4
1895 a
37 8
45 5
49 2
57 3
66 6
71 6
78
76
68 3
60
48 3
37 8
58
1896a . . .
43.2
47.2
44
1897o
1898a
62
62 1
74.2
80 4
80 1
72
60
48 2
39 7
1899
40.2
46.5
50.5
59.4
60.0
74.2
80.4
72.6
74.6
55.4
49.4
43 1
58 8
1900
46 6
48 1
54 9
52
65 8
75 4
79 4
72 4
63 5
58 8
50 4
43 4
59 2
167 8
187 3
198 6
230 7
253 5
295 4
318 2
301 1
278 4
234 2
196 3
20 9 4
176
Mean
42.0
46.8
49.6
57.7
63.4
73 8
79.6
75 3
69.6
58.6
49.1
40 5
58 7
a Station closed.
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
137
SUMMARY OF MONTHLY MEANS AND EXTREMES OP TEMPERATURE (DEGREE FAHRENHEIT).
Month.
Highest
monthly mean.
Lowest
monthly mean.
Absolute maxi-
mum.
Absolute mini-
mum.
Greatest
daily
range.
Mean
dailv
range.
Mean
varia-
bility.
Mean of
3 con-
secutive
warmest
days.
Mean of
3 con-
secutive
coldest
days.
Date.
Tem-
pera-
ture.
Tern-
Date, pera-
ture.
Date.
Tem-
pera-
ture.
Date.
Tem-
pera-
ture.
January
1900
1900
1900
1898
1900
1900
1898-9
1896
1899
| 1895,
I 1898
1900
1900
1900
46.6
48.1
54.9
62.0
65.8
75.4
80.4
80.1
74.6
1 60.0
50.4
43.4
59.2
1895
1895
1896
1900
1899
1896
1896
1900
1900
1899
1898
1895
1896
37.8
45.5
44.0
52.0
60.0
71.6
78.0
72.4
63.5
55.4
48.2
37.8
59.0
13,1895
19,1899
11,1900
26,1898
7,1895
122,28,29,
1 1898
29,1898
1,1898
f 17, 1898
1 2,1899
12,1895
4,1898
28,1898
1896
69.0
75.0
78.0
87.0
89.0
| 99.0
105.0
104.0
| 94.0
88.0
81.0
68.0
105.0
4,1898
6,1899
14,1898
5,1895
2,1899
3,1898
1,1898
30,1895
22,1895
f 12,1899
1 20,1900
(24,1896
| 23, 1895
21,1895
1899
12.0
11.0
19.0
28.0
34.0
38.0
49.0
46.0
34.0
1 29.0
1 24.0
16.0
11.0
37.0
37.0
35.0
36.0
37.0
35.0
34.0
37.0
42.0
39.0
37.0
39.0
42.0
21.4
25.0
24.3
25.3
25.5
27.0
26.8
27.8
28.6
26.3
24.6
21.9
25.4
3.4
3.2
4.5
3.9
3.6
2.8
2.2
2.2
2.7
2.8
3.4
3.4
3.2
49.8
55.4
58.7
67.2
72.4
82.8
86.3
82.1
75.7
67.6
59.2
48.5
67.1
34.1
34.7
38.3
47.3
51.8
61.5
72.8
66.8
59.2
47.4
39.4
31.7
48.8
March
April
May
July
August
September
October.
December
WEATHER.
Month.
Average number
Month.
Average number
Clear
days.
Partly
cloudy
days.
Cloudy
days.
Rainy
days.
Clear
days.
doSdy c ' oud r K^y
days. ** **"-
Jannarv
15
23
18
19
20
24
24
8
4
10
8
8
5
5
8
2
2
3
1
2
6
. 2
-:
-
::
!
j
25
24
24
18
17
4 1 j 1
4 _ 2
6 1 : 2
8 | 3 4
10 4 j 4
March
October
April
May
Julv
Annual
251
80 30 31
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HCXDREDTHS).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
S ^ n Seasonal.
1894
1 89
I
1895...
1.24
1.18
0.12
T.
0.01
T.
T.
0.04
T.
0.83
0.67
0.08
4 17
1896
1.67
0.00
1897
1898
0.00
0.16
0.23
T.
T.
0.11
0.20
0.00
0.10
0.20
1899
54
T.
0.01
02
03
0.37
0.01
06
T
0.30
85
56
2.75
1898-9 1 58
1900
0.31
0.05
0.67
0.62
0.22
0.04
0.08
T.
0.75
0.01
1.34
0.13
4 22
1899-1900 3 69
3 76
1 23
80
80
0.49
0.41
0.09
0.21
.-.
1 14
2 96
2 86
11 14
Mean.
0.94
0.31
0.20
0.20
0.12
0.10
0.02
0.05
0.24
0.28
0.74
0.57
2.78
138
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
GREATEST MONTHLY PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) AND DATE.
Month.
Year.
Amount.
Month.
Year.
Amount.
Month.
Year.
Amount.
1896
1.67
May '.
1898
0.23
September
1900
0.75
1895
1 18
1899
0.37
October
1895
0.83
1900
0.67
July
1900
0.08
November
1900
1.34
April
1900
62
1898
0.11
December
1894
1.89
LEAST MONTHLY PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) AND DATE.
Month.
Year.
Amount.
Month.
Year.
Amount.
Month.
Year.
Amount.
1900
31
May
1900
0.01
September
r 1895
} T -
1900
05
1 1895
1 T.
October
I 1899
1898
1
0.00
1898
00
July
I 1898
f 1895
1
T.
November
1898
0.10
April
1895
T
1 1898
1900
I
T.
December
1895
0.08
NUMBER OF TIMES MONTHLY PRECIPITATION HAS EXCEEDED THE NORMAL FOR FOUR YEARS.
Month.
Total.
First
two
years.
Second
two
years.
Month.
Total.
First
two
years.
Second
two
years.
Month.
Total.
First
two
years.
Second
two
years.
2
2
May
September
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
October
1
1
1
1
July
November
3
1
2
April
1
1
December
L
TOTAL NUMBER OF DAYS WITH PRECIPITATION SINCE DECEMBER 1, 1894.
Month.
Less
than
0.01.
0.01
to
0.10.
0.11
to
0.25.
0.26
to
0.50.
0.51
to
1.00.
Month.
Less
than
0.01.
0.01
to
0:10.
0.11
to
0.25.
0.26
to
0.50.
0.51
to
1.00.
Month.
Less
than
0.01.
0.01
to
0.10.
0.11
to
0.25.
0.26
to
0.50.
0.51
to
1.00.
3
14
5
3
May
5
10
1
September
5
3
2
1
5
3
1
1
4
4
1
October
1
7
1
1
1
6
1
1
July
5
3
November
2
9
1
2
2
April
9
4
2
1
August
2
5
December
9
12
3
3
1
Station closed January 1 to November 30, 1894; March 1, 18%, to February 28, 1898.
FOGGY DAYS AND THUNDERSTORMS.
Month.
Total
number
of foggy
days.
Number
of thun-
der-
storms.
Month.
Total
number
of foggy
days.
Number
of thun-
der-
storms.
Month.
Total
number
of foggy
days.
Number
of thun-
der-
storms.
May
September
3
3
October
July
7
November
April
7
December
Record began December 1, 1894 closed January 1 to November 30, 1894 March 1, 1896,
to February 28, 1898.
NUMBER OF HIGH WINDS.
Month.
Velocity (miles) .
Month.
Velocity (miles).
Month.
Velocity (miles).
30-35.
36-40.
Over 40.
30-35.
36-40.
Over 40.
30-35.
36-40.
Over 40
12
13
18
18
5
5
8
7
9
7
14
8
May
20
14
4
6
10
6
1
September
4
10
13
8
4
3
7
2
2
3
1
5
October
July
November
April
December
Record began December 1, 1894 closed January 1 to November 30, 1894 March 1, 1896,
to February 8, 1898.
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
HIGHEST WIND VELOCITY, DIRECTION, AND DATE FOR EACH MONTH.
139
Month.
Veloc-
ity
(miles).
2ST D *-
a i
Month.
Veloc-
ity
(miles).
Direc-
tion.
Date.
Month.
Veloc-
ity
(miles).
Direc-
tion.
Date.
(48
SE 17 1895
148
NW
27 1895
September
52
NW.
30,1898
May
48
8E. 1 2,1899
48
SE.
10,1900
October
1 **
NW.
1.1898
66
S 26 1900
June
50
W.
1,1898
\ 48
W.
28,1900
March
54
NW 1 9 1899
July
44
SW
19 1899
November
50
K.
21,1895
159
at
SE !23 1899
39
W
2 1900
66
NW.
29,1898
April
52
W. 2,1900
Record began December 1, 1894 closed January 1 to November 30, 1894 March 1, 1896,
to February 8, 1898.
AVERAGE VELOCITY (MILES PER Horn) OF AFTERNOON WINDS.
Month.
2 to 3.
3 to 4.
4 to 5.
Month.
2 to 3.
3 to 4.
4 to 5.
Month.
2 to 3.
3 to 4.
4 to 5.
9 1
8 9
8.4
May . . .
10.4
12.2
13.4
September
7.6
8.7
10.2
11
11 3
11 4
9 4
10 8
11.4
October .
7 8
8.4
8 6
March
11 4
12.2
12 4
July
8.8
10.5
11.7
November
8.2
8.0
8 6
April
12
12.6
13 2
8 1
10 2
11.5
December
8 4
8 3
8 7
AVERAGE HOURLY VELOCITY (MILES PER HOUR).
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
6.9
8.8
9.3
9.8
10.4
8.7
8.0
7.9
7.1
7.1
7
7 1
7 1
9 2
8 7
9 8
10
8 4
7.4
7.2
7
6 8
7
7 3
3am
7 2
9.0
9.2
9.8
9.2
7.7
6.6
6.3
7.1
7 1
7 5
7 i
7.1
9.2
9.3
9.2
10.0
7.2
6.4
5.6
7.6
7
7 6
7 4
7 1
9
9 2
9.0
9.2
7.4
6.2
5 4
7 2
7 2
7 c
7 3
6am .
7 2
9.4
9.0
8.6
8.9
7.6
5.8
5.3
6.6
7 1
7 2
7 5
6 8
9 1
8 9
8 3
8 8
7 3
5 8
5 3
6 3
7 1
6 8
7 6
Sam
6.8
8.8
8 7
8.3
8.4
7.1
5.8
5 2
6 5
6 7
6 9
7 g
9a m
7.3
8.8
8.4
8.4
7.8
7.3
5.9
5.0
6.7
6 9
7
7 8
7 3
8 4
8 2
8 9
8.3
7.4
5 9
4 9
6 6
6 7
7
7 8
7.5
8.0
- -
10.3
9.5
8.3
6.5
5.8
7 1
6 8
6 8
7 5
7 2
8 7
10 2
11 8
9 7
8 4
6.8
6 6
7 6
7 5
7 i
7 2
7 8
10.1
11 3
11.8
9.6
8.3
6 8
6 2
8 1
8 6
8 1
7 7
2 p. m
8.8
10.7
11.2
11.3
9.6
8.1
7.1
6.5
7 7
8 6
8 5
8 1
9 1
11
11 4
12
10 4
9 2
8 8
8 1
7 6
7 8
8 2
8 4
4 p. m
8.9
11.3
12.2
12.5
12.2
11.2
10.5
10 2
8 7
8 4
8
8 3
8 4
11 4
12.2
13 2
13 4
11 6
1L7
11 5
10 2
8 6
8 7
8 3
6p.m.
8.1
11.5
13.1
13.7
14.0
11.9
12.2
12.3
10 8
8.9
8 7
8 1
8
11 4
13 8
14
14.3
12 2
12
12.4
10 6
9 3
8
7 4
8 p. m .
7 7
11.0
14
14.0
14
12.7
12.0
11 5
10 7
8 3
7 6
7 5
9pm
8 1
9 7
12 6
13 3
13 6
12 1
12.4
11
9 6
7 8
7 3
7 4
10 p. m .
7 6
9 1
10 9
11 8
12
10 8
10 8
9 6
9 3
7 7
6 8
6 3
7 1
8 4
10 6
11 2
10 7
9 2
9 4
9 3
8.7
7 4
6 5
12 midnight . .
6 9
8 9
9 6
10 2
10 6
9 1
8 7
8 5
8 1
7 1
6 6
6 8
Average .
7 6
9 6
10 4
10 9
10 6
9 1
8 3
7 8
8.1
" 4
7 5
MEAN MONTHLY RELATIVE HUMIDITY (PER CENT).
Month. | A.M.
P.M.
Aver-
age.
Month.
A.M.
P.M.
Aver-
age.
Month.
A.M.
P.M.
Aver-
age.
January 58
41
49
May..
34
14
24
27
12
February 44
26
35
June
27
12
20
38
20
29
March 41
17
29
July
23
10
14
45
28
36
April 35
13
25
August
30
12
21
54
140
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
ANNUAL METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR THE YEARS 1899 AND 1900.
[A=36 48' N.; ^=118 12' W.; gravity corr., -0.02. H=3,910 ft.; h,=51 ft.; h r =43 ft.; h,=58 ft.]
Month.
Pressure.
Temperature.
Moisture.
Monthly mean.
Extremes.
Mean.
Extremes.
Dew-
point.
Rela-
tive hu-
midity.
Vapor
pressure.
Precipita-
tion.
Cloudiness
0-10.
Maximum.
Minimum.
8
a
00
a
o.
CO
Maximum.
Minimum.
Monthly.
Maximum.
Minimum.
6
a
00
21
14
17
19
19
33
25
28
21
21
26
19
8
d
CO
18
8
3
9
11
32
18
22
17
19
26
17
B
a
00
+
60
33
34
30
30
34
18
28
19
87
50
48
a
p.
00
*
38
15
11
12
12
19
7
11
7
21
35
30
8 a. m.
a
A
00
3
I
Maximum in
24 hours.
a
<&
00
a
A
00 '
.a
.SP
s
2.3
1.2
2.6
2.3
2.1
1.1
0.7
1.3
0.7
2.0
3.3
2.5
1899.
January
In.
26.06
26.98
25.88
25.90
25.86
25.90
25.92
25.88
26.01
25.95
26.00
26.07
In.
26.38
26.27
26.32
26.14
26.08
26.15
26.08
26.07
26.24
26.26
26.20
26.39
In.
25.54
25. 45
25.56
25.54
26.66
25.62
25.79
25.66
25.74
25.43
25.62
25.68
34.4
40.0
43.2
50.1
50.4
63.3
69.7
62.6
64.4
47.8
43.0
37.2
46.6
56.0
58.5
69.2
69.0
85.6
92.6
84.6
87.0
62.6
55.2
48.1
61.2
58.8
62.4
71.5
72.0
87.8
94.0
86.9
88.8
67.5
61.0
54.1
29.2
34.2
38.6
47.2
48.1
60.7
66.8
59.4
60.3
43.3
37.8
32.1
40.2
46.5
50.5
59.4
60.0
74.2
80.4
72.6
74.6
55.4
49.4
43.1
68
75
75
83
88
96
100
91
94
84
70
67
o
12
11
26
33
34
46
62
52
51
29
30
21
In.
0.113
0.082
0.095
0.105
0.107
0.192
0.135
0.157
0.114
0.119
0.140
0.103
In.
0.107
0.063
0.053
0.070
0.082
0.194
0.106
0.123
0.095
0.111
0.144
0.098
In.
0.64
T.
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.37
0.01
0.06
T.
0.30
0.85
0.56
In.
0.44
T.
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.26
0.01
0.06
T.
0.18
0.77
0.45
2.6
0.9
2.2
1.8
3.0
1.3
0.2
0.8
1.0
1.5
2.8
1.6
3.3
1.8
4.2
3.1
2.5
1.7
1.2
1.9
0.7
2.8
4.1
3.2
February
March
April
May
July
September
October
December
Year
1900.
25.95
26.39
25.43
50.5
67.9
71.2
46.5
58.9
100
11
22
17
35
18
0.122
0.104
2.75
0.77
1.6
2.5
1.8
26.07
25.99
25.93
25.84
25.89
25.89
25.88
25.89
26.92
25.96
26.04
26.12
26.26
26.28
26.22
26.12
26.08
26.05
26.11
26.14
26.25
26.21
26.30
26.30
25.82
25.60
25.68
25.46
25.59
25.64
25.58
25.73
25.43
25.66
25.52
25.70
40.4
40.9
46.7
44.1
56.9
65.0
70.1
63.3
54.6
50.7
43.8
37.2
53.2
67.4
65.0
69.6
76.6
86.2
91.0
84.3
73.4
67.7
57.2
49.1
58.2
60.8
67.6
63.7
78.5
88.8
92.7
85.9
76.4
71.5
62.9
55.3
35.1
35.4
42.2
40.3
53.1
61.9
66.0
58.8
60.6
46.2
38.0
31.5
46.6
48.1
54.9
52.0
65.8
75.4
79.4
72.4
63.5
58.8
50.4
43.4
67
69
78
81
88
98
100
96
83
80
74
66
29
25
28
33
40
53
55
52
38
29
30
15
25
17
19
20
26
28
29
28
27
24
23
20
24
8
12
14
18
19
24
19
20
20
21
19
56
36
36
41
35
26
24
27
36
36
46
49
37
34
14
15
22
14
10
10
9
16
18
30
30
0.141
0.091
0.110
0.114
0.149
0.154
0.166
0.155
0.151
0.137
0.126
0.110
0.133
0.066
0.081
0.091
0.107
0.110
0.132
0.106
0.117
0.084
0.123
0.106
0.31
0.05
0.67
0.62
0.22
0.04
0.08
T.
0.75
0.01
1.34
0.13
0.22
0.05
0.38
0.54
0.11
0.04
0.07
T.
0.68
0.01
0.95
0.08
3.0
1.5
2.3
2.7
2.6
1.4
1.0
0.6
1.1
2.0
2.6
1.0
3.3
3.1
3.9
4.7
1.9
3.3
1.2
1.5
1.7
2.4
3.2
3.2
3.0
2.2
3.2
3.9
2.4
2.2
1.2
1.0
1.6
2.4
2.8
2.5
2.4
February
April
May
July
September
November
December
Year
25.95
26. 30
25.46
51.1
68.4
71.9
48.6
59.2
100
15
24
18
18
0.134
0.105
4.22
0.95
1.8
2.8
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
141
ANNUAL METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR THE YEARS 1899 AND 1900.
[H=3,910ft.; h,=51ft.; h,=43ft.; h=58 ft.]
Month.
Wind.
Number of days.
By self-registers.
Number of winds, 8 a. m. and 8 p. m.
1
t
I'artly cloudy.
f
o
5
Precipi-
tation.
1
CO
i
Maxi-
mum
temp.
i
11
3
S
5
Elec-
tricity.
*
K
"S
-j
Prevailing direc-
tion.
Maximum velocity.
Direction at time of
maximum velocity.
Number of days
with gales.
jd
o
Northeast.
I
Southeast.
1
Southwest.
1
Northwest.
a
"3
0.01 inch and over.
0.04 inch and over.
Below 32.
Above 90.
Thunderstorms.
Auroras.
1899.
Miles.
8.8
10.8
11.8
10.9
11.4
9.3
7.9
7.8
7.5
8.8
5.8
8.3
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
M.
48
64
54
52
42
39
44
32
36
36
34
33
SE.
NW.
NW.
SE.
W.
SE.
SW.
W.
W.
NW.
S.
N.
2
2
6
3
3
1
6
16
4
3
2
3
1
1
4
7
2
3
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
4
8
8
14
10
15
18
18
14
8
16
6
3
4
9
2
3
4
8
11
6
9
10
7
3
4
2
2
5
3
10
5
9
12
11
11
9
12
9
2
9
36
20
28
23
31
24
21
18
26
23
23
32
1
1
1
1
1
1
24
26
18
24
26
26
28
27
27
22
16
21
4
2
13
6
5
3
3
4
3
8
12
9
3
1
1
1
2
1
5
1
1
2
3
1
1
4
4
4
3
1
2
3
3
6
1
1
1
15
28
14
18
7
4
3
4
14
1
2
2
p
u
ii
u
April
May
June
July
AugTist
November
Year
9.1
NW.
54
NW.
17
52 7 10
139 76
27
108 305 6
284
72 9
26
15
8
1 60
50
5
II
1900.
5.9
9.5
8.3
12.1
10.1
8.7
8.4
7.9
8.6
8.0
6.5
7.3
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
SE.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
40
66
44
62
48
41
28
39
48
48
36
48
N.
S.
W.
W.
SE.
W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
SW.
SW.
1
3
1
3
2
1
1
2
1
6
9
6
4
5
3
5
3
3
9
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
10
11
12
12
17
17
15
26
16
18
10
4
14
3
3
5
7
8
7
5
7
7
2
2
2
4
2
t
5
6
3
10
6
6
4
10
4
8
12
13
U
9
10
8
6
23
27
25
30
22
17
26
14
16
18
21
32
2
1
2
16
23
17
15
22
22
26
26
22
22
19
18
13
6
10
12
7
7
4
5
7
9
8
13
100
2
4
3
2
1
1
1
3
4
1
5
4
4
2
2
4
1
6
3
3
1
2
3
2
1
3
5
2
o
o
1
15
23
8
5
6
3
1
5
16
2
1
2
2
g
g
g
g
g
g
February
April
May
June
July
September
November
December
Year
8.4
NW.
66 : S.
15
53 10 9 168 74
41
100
270
5
248
36
22
1
46 36
1 1
7
a
AVERAGE SNOWFALL SINCE DECEMBER 1, 1894.
Month.
Amount.
Month. Amount.
Month.
Amount.
Month. Amount.
1 82
April T.
July
0.00
October 0. 00
T
Mav T
0.00
November 0. 00
02
June i 0. 00
September
0.00
i December 0.68
;
1 .
142 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
LIVERMORE.
[Data from rwords of Southern Pacific Railway Company.]
Livermore is located in the foothills of Alameda County, about 40 miles southeast of Oakland,
in latitude 37= 40' north, longitude 121- 45' west; elevation, 485 feet
The mean annual temperature, based upon records covering thirty years, is 59.7 C . July and
August are the wannest months, with mean temperatures of 70.1 C and 69.6, respectively, and
January is the coolest, with a mean of 49.3. Maximum temperatures of 103 C have been recorded
in August, 1898, July, 1899, and June, 1901. . The lowest temperature recorded in recent years
is 23. December 31, 1900. Minimum temperatures below 32- occur frequently in the months
of January, February, and December, and occasionally in March.
The average annual precipitation from 1871 to 1900. inclusive, is 15.30 inches about the
same as that of Stockton. The greatest annual rainfall, 27.65 inches, occurred in 1884. and the
least, 7.94 inches, in 1877. Rain seldom falls in July and August.
MONTHLY AND AXNCAL MEAN TEMPERATCRE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year. Jan.
Feb. Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
An*.
Sepc
Oct.
SOT. Dec.
Annual.
1871 50.0
52.9 52.5
59.8
63.2
75.9
79.0
77.9
80.2
- .
52.7 49.6
63.5
1872. . 1 48.7
54.5 52.3
54.7
61.9
65.2
- _
70.0
71.4
66.2
58.2 49.6
60 1
1873 49 4
4.1.2 | 49 8
52.7
62.2
68.0
72.2
70.4
09.8
67.7
54.9 44.3
59 1
1874 .' 49.5
47.7 51.2
56.4
64.1
71.8
75.5
73.8
76.6
60.5
58.9 51.6
61.5
1875 52.1
56 8 53.8
64.2
71 6
70.8
72.9
73.9
72.4
70.3
57.8 52.8
64.1
1876 48.3
47.7 * 50.6
55.6
64.2
75.4
70.3
'67.0
Til
67.0
58.1 49.8
60 5
1877 52.5
53.3 58.4
57 3
60 7
73.3
77.4
09.5
71.7
64.8
59 53.6
1878 54.5
54.7 59.1
63.0
65.3
70.2
73.4
76.3
67?
63.9
58.0 49.7
-
1879 52.1
59 9 60.2
62.0
61 7
72.2
72.6
77.6
7J.7
57 7 > 49.8
1880 . 51.8
47.7 54.8
57.2
63.5
64.9
72.2
70.5
TL7
64.6
54.0 53.*
1881 54.2
56 55.7
63.3
65.4
67
- -
-
68.5
61 6
55.4 51 1
61.6
1882 4&1
48.1 54.5
56.7
62.3
62.1
70.1
-
66.8
-
55.8 56.3
59 7
1883t. f 9
45 2 58 3
55.6
61 9
71
-
- .
69 5
59 7
44.6 51 2
- (
1884 49.7
49.2 54.1
54.4
. -
67.6
67.5
63.3
60.2
55.5 59.0
57.8
1885 54.4
55.5 55.9
56.4
59.2
57.1
63.3
65.7
644
60.6
54.4 51.2
57.4
1886 45.7
54.4 51
54.8
60.8
68.1
70 1
72.4
68.5
61.6
53.3 57.4
59.8
M87 52.1
45.7 57 3
56.1
60 5
65.9
.
. .
67 1
66.4
57 3 52.5
59 5
MM. . 46. 9
53.7 53.7
59.9
- -
64.0
1.
66.0
64.6
59.5
51.9 47.6
57 5
1889. . 45. 6
52.8 57 2
59
62 3
64.9
. -
- -
68.0
.
58.8 46.9
59
1890 42.8
49.0 52.9
55.4
57.5
61.0
69 9
71.9
70.2
56.8 52.9
- -
1891 .. 50.5
49. 1 ' 57 2
55.5
- -
-
74.3
72.3
66.6
61.6
54.6 47 5
59 C
1MB 49 1
52.8 54.8
55.0
-
64.0
67
59.5
56.2 48.9
58.7
1893. 44 3
49 1 50.2
. -
-
64.3
-
68.9
w.
59 2
54 3 51 8
57 5
1894 46.3
49.0 49 9
55.5
59 7
62.0
69 5
71.1
-
60.7
56.7 49.4
58.3
1895. I 47 2
51 3 52.7
55.7
60 8
69 7
-
69 3
64.3
-
53.8 47 3
58.7
1896 51.9
53.3 54 3
52.3
9.1
. -
74.4
68.4
mm*m
64.4
60.2
51.2 52.6
1897 ' 45 5
49 7 48.1
59 6
64 3
- .
7> j
me
-
577
' 52.5 51 2
1898 49 1
53.1 51
57 8
54.6
62.9
61 9
59 4
59 2
51 5 48.4
56.
1899 '. 514
50.6 51
54.8
55.1
68.1
61 7
. -
67 3
59 4
55.5 46.5
-
19110. 48.6
MLS 53.8
-
65 1
64 7
60 3
53.6 50.5
57 9
Mean t30 yean) 49 3
51 6 53.8
61 4
67 6
-
69 6
.
.
54.9 50 5
59 7
LOCAL CLMATOLOGT.
143
HOTTHLY AXIi AJTSTTAI. MI
r ATK '.V IXCHXS-
Ml. JLJNKBawaSBl.
Mk. Mi. Apr.
-
-
:
-
j_e
.
. -
4.61
.! L*
. -
LB7
2.K
4. OS
4.3CI
'.
a*c
a. a
a a*
s.e
7.16
i.
L47
2.44
l. 1.M
1.2* a&
r 4.
ft.* LMI
t.78 iffl
1.78 *.*
l.W LA
2.62 Lt
1.72 -L* |
ti.CS 2.6
5u2 S.SC
-
fi.24
LM
11. S
a
ac:
'
LJi
-
4-lf 2.
LOS ILK
S.12 . J.
Lie L
6.17 j l.
fi.M ! 4. W
L3 | U.7*
.W , 2.7U
&.M 1.11
.
tl.C
ait .
a*e aw
.3 LS4
.a . ;
i. a
L j 2.H
2.711 ll.
1.2* .
2.K .
3.> .
.; am
.ffl ; 2.2S |
a* I a* '
L; .
U.Mt l.i
;
1.56 ! L2S i
1.11 aa
a a at*
ae ILK
a cv
b.W 1.11)
a . . I
as: a
aw ' . ]
. ' .
as- ant I
a* ; .
a .
a a
aa
. ii
aw a
a a
aD a
LH
.<
a* .
a : .*
aw .* j
aw aw
aw : ami
aw aw
T-
a .
T.
aw
.
L7
1.3B
L27
aa
aw
La:
LJI
i_a
-
.
7.a
L2
L*t
'
as
aw
aw
T. j am j
a aw
a is < . |
T. .
aw
.
aw
ai* a
aw aw
aw
aw a
.n> aw
aw ' L
LM ai
a ami
aw
aw
aw
.-
aw
a-w
L6
LS
XM
aw
a
L
aw
L15
'
1.W
.!6
a
4.K
i.a>
.
L
L an
a .
2.2 2.W
Lie 4.*-
1L
S.S7
.#
a
.
-
-
L
7-75
i.X
a*
a 44
.22
*
2.21
.e
t
4.42
7.27
2.14
s
LJI I
Si
L
L*
-
.
U.C
.-
-
a
-
9b j taurv
L2
U.aC
ti Jf- (I. CD
(I. IS
1.76
MAMMOTH TANK.
- p .
Mammoth Tank is rihated in Ike eastern portion of San Diego County, on the K of the
Southern Pacific Railroad, and in the southern portion of the Colondo desert, in britodp 33 v7.
longitude lid- IT 7 ; elevation above level, 257 feet.
".": .- : :..; : .: - ,--..--. . - - _. . - . ,, - . ---.:.-.--.,
years, is 76. The warmest month is July, with a mean temperature of S&S 1 , and the coldest
January. 53.9. Tbe h%best temperatxire leuwiled WH 190% on Angus* 17, 1885, and the
lowest ? : . in December. 1SK. makiiig an abepinfte range of 1OS. Temperatures of 14MP
and over have beat recorded in every month except Janaanr, Febroary. November, and Decem-
ber, and temperatures of 90 and above in every month of the year. Temperature* of 1M- and
over hare oocurred in fire month* Itay. Jane. July. Augra*. and September. Temperatures of
Si 1 and below bare uuuuied in January. February, and December.
The n>ean annual rainfall for twenty-three jean is 1.81 inches: the greatest annual. 5.48
fell in 1889. and the least, a trace, in 1897 and 1898. The greatest monthly rainfall was
- inches, in December. 1889. Jams has been practically a rainless month, no appreciable
aiA^dui^1h^wtamlhmmdo^jtncKonxntxemty-Ar^yemt^
144
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1878
76
80
96
102
106
112
116
118
114
108
94
91
1879
92
104
108
108
117
119
119
115
104
90
78
1880 . ..
78
78
84
102
104
115
114
114
114
100
88
80
1881
75
96
101
104
104
111
116
112
110
99
78
79
1882
73
78
93
104
105
112
119
118
118
112
90
84
1883
84
92
100
118
129
121
118
122
97
%
86
1884
74
86
86
101
113
128
126
128
115
105
96
84
1885
83
91
95
105
124
118
127
130
124
113
94
84
1886
90
89
99
101
120
124
128
126
120
99
88
82
1887
80
86
101
107
112
128
128
115
110
100
92
75
1888
85
85
100
105
105
111
117
114
113
103
83
75
1889
75
80
91
106
110
110
120
119
108
108
81
72
1890
80
84
92
100
111
112
118
116
115
96
94
78
1891
84
72
90
104
105
120
121
116
113
106
88
79
1892 . .
80
82
89
98
110
116
120
115
110
99
86
84
1893
80
82
93
100
106
112
115
113
106
96
85
81
1894. .
75
82
96
100
102
105
115
110
108
100
92
. 68
1895
72
85
95
98
109
113
114
117
106
98
83
81
1896
80
88
100
90
114
122
117
116
110
104
85
76
1897
74
83
87
107
110
110
115
118
108
90
87
75
1898
78
87
88
109
108
116
120
118
111
101
92
76
1899
80
85
90
100
105
118
118
111
112
100
86
78
1900
79
85
95
96
106
110
115
111
101
95
88
80
f 90
96
104
109
124
129
1-j.s
130
124
113
96
91
I 1886
1881
1879
1898
1885
1883
1886
1886
1885
1885
1883
1878
MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
1878
30
42
44
46
60
58
82
87
70
57
40
32
1879
42
51
52
64
69
80
88
72
60
42
30
1880
32
34
40
48
62
80
74
76
68
58
38
34
1881.
38
40
40
60
66
70
88
72
70
58
44
42
1882
28
32
36
50
63
58
80
86
67
63
44
32
1883
25
38
61
55
59
77
75
80
72
50
42
40
1884
33
30
48
52
62
73
78
85
70
53
54
40
1886
39
49
50
58
65
74
77
78
70
62
50
44
1886
37
50
48
60
64
72
84
80
80
59
42
40
1887
30
38
54
57
68
84
78
70
70
64
34
32
1888
27
40
45
55
55
70
80
83
80
62
45
40
1889
30
30
50
54
56
67
80
81
73
55
38
38
1890.
29
41
50
60
65
72
78
75
75
52
52
40
1891
28
31
48 j
56
60
60
75
85
70
62
37
25
1892..
29
33
46
51
58
60
76
71
70
58
40
26
1893
32
32
40
50
58
75
81
81
60
58
39
37
1894
27
33
40
58
62
68
85
80
65
50
40
37
1895
35
42
50
54
60
60
80
70
70
60
36
22
1896
31
32
40
50
61
75
85
73
63
52
40
35
1897
38
40
47
52
65
70
81
82
75
57
42
32
1898
30
47
50
55
60
80
90
90
75
61
44
33
1899
35
29
50
53
50
60
70
75
80
50
50
36
1900
41
35
57
50
59
62
80
82
62
58
49
32
Absolute minimum and year
25
29
40
,i
50
50
74
70
60
50
34
22
1 1883
1899
(")
1878
1899
1892
1880
61887
1893
(")
1887
1895
a Several years.
6 Also in 1895.
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
145
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
[Elevation, 257 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1878
56
61 7
67 8
7"> 3
82.3
90 7
98
105
90 9
78 5
1879
56.2
67.8
75
77 7
77 9
93 g
99
103.0
95 3
78 6
64.6
53 3
78 5
1880
55 9
54.4
61
73
83.0
95 5
| .
96 5
90 8
76 9
601
T=
1881
54.4
63.2
63.8
76 9
84.0
92.1
98 1
94 3
87 3
74.3
59 9
56 6
1882
48.3
53.7
62.4
74.0
83 5
90 3
100 9
100
92.4
77
64.2
62 2
75.7
1883
54.3
58.4
74.4
73.4
82.5
99 4
97 6
99 i
94.2
74.1
64 9
60
77 7
77. /
1884
54.7
59.0
58.9
68.8
85
9*> 9
99 8
100 1
89 9
80 3
66 9
54.5
75 9
1885
54 5
64 4
67
76 8
85
90 2
98 6
98 2
90 5
. ' '
. .
61 3
7 1
1886 ... .
56.7
66.7
66 3
75.9
90 8
95 7
10 9
102 3
96 7
77 2
6 3
60 8
79 5
1887
57.7
58.0
78.4
80.4
91.2
100 2
100 5
90 4
88 4
80 4
65 8
51
78 5
1888
49.6
59.4
63.0
-
- .
93 4
97 2
96
93 9
78 6
61 3
5
75 8
1889
51.2
56.5
67.1
79.3
84 2
90 3
100 2
.. .
88 6
77 4
63,0
57
76 1
1890
50.4
59.0
69 1
77 8
83 6
88 7
95 2
93 i
90 9
74 9
68 3
59
75 8
1891
54.9
53.2
65.3
77.1
81 2
92.3
101 7
99 1
9 6
81 7
64
.-
75 9
1892
52.1
57 3
64.3
74.8
84.6
- -
93
90 2
86 4
- -
64 4
73
1893 . . .
57.1
56.7
61.5
75.6
84.3
97 1
99
96
- -
74.7
60 1
56 6
75
1891
50 8
52 6
63 6
75 4
83 3
86 1
96 5
94.6
88 2
76 9
65 5
51 1
1895
50.9
58.6
64.4
76 3
81 6
88 2
93 7
90 3
86.5
77
H ;
51 2
73 3
1896
56.4
61.6
67.1
68.2
- .
93 8
102.8
97 4
87 4
78.6
63 7
57 3
76 4
1897
55.2
57.9
61
79 1
88 7
92.6
99 4
103 3
90 6
74 1
63.7
53 6
1898. .
50.4
56.1
63.8
78.5
80 6
97 5
101 8
10L6
9 9
75 5
60
51 4
75 8
1899
54 6
60
65 2
74 3
77 7
90 1
97 8
91
91
73 o
65 4
55 6
1900.
58.2
59.6
69.6
67.6
82
89 7
95 3
93
80
73 8
67 4
57 3
74.5
Mean (23 vears)
53.9
58.9
66.1
75 4
83 6
9 5
98 5
-
90
76 8
63 8
55 4
76.0
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
1878
0.00
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.00
00
51
65
00
00
09
1 42
1879
0.00
0.55
0.00
00
00
00
00
00
00
68
28
13
1 rU
1880
0.08
0.00
0.15
0.02
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
7
97
1881
0.00
00
22
-
00
00
28
88
00
26
00
00
2 44
1882
1.29
0.00
00
0.00
00
00
00
20
00
50
20
00
19
1883
00
75
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
05
00
1 22
()>
1884
T.
1.36
0.22
0.07
19
00
00
T
00
00
00
87
2.71
1885
00
02
00
00
00
00
T
62
00
00
1 01
00
1 65
1886
0.57
0.20
0.25
0.05
00
00
00
01
00
01
00
4
1 33
1887
00
1 38
00
18
00
00
00
00
33
03
20
05
9 12
1888.
0.05
0.07
0.05
03
01
00
40
10
00
43
73
87
2.74
1S89
6
03
1 37
00
00
OQ
00
00
00
17
11
3.18
5 43
1890
00
0.54
00
00
00
00
10
OQ
12
30
00
54
1 60
1891
00
2.73
00
02
00
00
00
1 65
00
00
00
4 4C
1892
28
42
50
00
00
00
00
10
10
10
00
00
1 51"
1893
0.05
0.00
1.17
0.00
0.30
00
00
00
00
00
35
02
1 8
1894
00
00
00
00
00
00
T
06
36
T
00
1 22
1 6 1 -
1895
0.80
T.
T.
0.00
00
T
00
00
00
00
12
00
92
1896
T
00
25
00
00
00
00
01
T
T
T
00
26
1807
T.
T.
T
00
00
00
00
00
T
T
00
T
T
1898
T.
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
00
T
T
T
1899
0.06
00
00
00
00
00
15
1 10
00
00
23
T
1 54
1900
0.15
0.00
0.25
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
00
20
26
00
00
1 16
Average (23 vears)
0.17
0.35
0.19
0.06
0.02
T.
06
23
05
12
14
40
1 81
OAKLAND.
The thriving city of Oakland is located on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay. in latitude
37- 48' north, longitude 122 = 17' west, with elevations varying from 9 to 50 feet above sea level.
It is the chief suburb of San Francisco, and has a population of about 75,000. The temperature
and precipitation data following are from records kept by Messrs. J. B. McChesney, J. Hutch-
inson. J. B. Trembly, and Prof. Charles Burckhalter. of Chabot Observatory.
The mean annual temperature, based upon records covering twenty -five years, is 56 C . practi-
cally the same as that of San Francisco. A comparison of the maximum and minimum tempera-
tures of the two cities, however, shows that as a rule the days are warmer and the nights cooler
1176 Bull. L 03 10
146
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
in Oakland than in San Francisco. July is the wannest month, with a mean of 61.8, and Janu-
ary the coolest, 47.6. The temperature seldom exceeds 90 and rarely falls below 32.
The average annual precipitation is 24.96 inches, or nearly 2 inches more than that of San
Francisco. January and December are the months of heaviest rainfall. Kain seldom falls during
the summer months.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1876
45.4
50.5
52.1
54.8
56.5
61.6
60.0
59.6
60.4
58.7
54.3
47.3
55.1
1877
WI.6
53.3
55.8
53.9
55.8
61.6
61.4
60.5
61.8
57.2
54.0
49.5
56.3
1878
50.0
50.8
54.0
55.3
57.9
69.3
59.2
59.6
58.2
58.5
53.4
46.5
55.2
1879
45.1
52.2
55.9
56.0
56.6
70.5
59.5
59.6
60.6
68.2
51.4
46.2
56.0
1880
43.9
46.1
47.6
52.6
57.5
57.8
59.5
65.6
59.3
58.1
50.8
51.6
54.2
1881
51.6
53.5
53.2
57.5
58.3
59.4
69.3
60.4
59.2
54.6
50.5
48.2
56.3
1882
46.4
45.8
52.0
52.6
57.8
59.2
60.6
60.4
60.7
57.6
51.0
49.7
54.5
1883
43.7
45.2
52.5
52.5
57.1
63.0
60.3
60.2
63.3
56.8
52.6
46.8
54.5
1884
47.0
48.3
53.2
54.3
59.3
60.8
63.4
61.5
59.4
56.4
55.4
51.2
55.8
1885
49.1
54.1
56.9
58.1
59.0
59.7
63.0
61.0
61.9
59.9
56.8
52.4
57.7
1886
49.4
54.6
51.3
54.4
59.4
60.8
62.8
61.2
61.1
57.0
62.2
52.0
56.4
1887
494.
46.1
53.9
54.8
57.3
59.6
57.5
58.5
60.7
61.0
53.4
49.5
55.1
1888
46.4
52.3
52.2
57.3
57.0
63.1
62.2
61.6
62.0
60.2
55.7
52.3
56.8
1889
47.7
51.4
56.9
59.0
59.0
61.3
59.8
61.0
63.2
61.1
57.0
49.9
57.3
1890
45.2
47.7
54.3
54.9
59.7
59.5
61.6
62.2
61.2
61.8
57.2
49.5
56.2
1891
51.2
49.4
53.5
63.4
55.3
60.4
61.2
63.0
62.2
58.7
56.9
48.~7
56 2
1892
52.2
50.0
63.3
53.6
58.4
62.2
63.8
64.1
63.0
58.2
53.5
49.4
56.8
1893
42.3
48.7
50.9
64.4
57.7
62.3
62.0
61.3
61.8
58.0
54.0
51.0
55 4
1894
44.7
47.8
51.6
57.0
58.6
60.6
59.0
59.4
60.6
69.0
55.9
48.8
55.2
1895
47.2
52.1
50.6
56.4
59.0
60.0
63.1
58.7
61.6
56.0
53.9
46.9
55 5
1896
51.0
53.4
54.7
53.6
58.3
61.5
64.0
63.2
58.0
58.2
51.0
49.3
56.4
1897
46.1
49.1
49.0
59.8
61.0
64.0
63.0
61.5
63.0
58.2
50.7
47.5
56:0
1898
44.2
51.4
51.3
56.9
56.6
63.7
62.0
61.6
60.7
60.0
53.2
46.9
55. 7
1899 ... .
51.0
50.7
52.6
56.3
57.0
61.8
60.8
62.0
60.6
57.3
65.2
47.8
56.1
1900
49 8
52
56 8
65 7
61.8
63.8
64 9
64.8
64 7
59.2
56.2
50.0
58 3
47 6
50 3
53
55 4
58.1
61.5
61 8
61 3
61 2
58.4
53.8
49.2
56
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
1874
5.60
1.80
5.25
1.25
0.75
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.24
9.18
0.31
26.38
1875
6.15
0.30
1.65
0.00
0.10
1.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
7.84
4.10
22 08
1876
5.28
4 87
4 55
93
45
24
10
00
15
4.74
0.25
00
21 56
1877..
4.19
1.42
0.96
0.22
0.30
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.45
1.62
1.75
11 09
1878
10.82
11 63
4 30
1 18
40
T
00
00
00
1 85
65
31
31 14
1879 . .
4.34
5 65
7.96
1.17
1.39
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.70
2.98
5.06
29 40
1880
1.71
2 19
1 70
8 46
1 04
00
00
00
67
00
35
12 57
28 59
1881
10.48
3 95
0.88
1.40
6.40
1.16
'o.oo
0.00
0.40
0.82
1.49
5.09
26 07
1882
2.42
2 05
4 20
1 51
15
T-
00
00
42
2 65
4.33
1 14
18 87
1883
1 95
70
3 33
"* 20
50
00
00
00
1 00
1 03
90
1 15
15 76
1884..
3.81
5 25
8 59
6 79
55
3 03
T
25
35
2 80
05
7 73
38 20
1885
1 92
48
1 07
3 12
10
08
O 9
00
05
30
11 11
4 33
22 58
1886
8.12
30
257
5 11
30
00
15
00
05
1 69
45
3 60
22 24
1887
1 57
7 83
71
2 35
10
05
01
00
27
00
78
3 22
16 89
1888
6.42
1 02
4 44
10
38
46
00
00
92
06
3 52
4 82
22 14
1889
90
63
7 60
93
1 92
07
00
00
00
7 30
2 89
13 38
35 62
1890
10 22
5 72
3 52
1 18
1 17
T
T
T
10
00
00
3 91
25 82
1891...
95
11 37
3 10
2 77
1 go
11
15
00
87
20
55
6 64
28 31
1892
2.81
3 68
2 89
1 09
2 49
00
T
T
04
2 51
5 04
6 47
26 52
1893
3 68
3 25
5 76
98
34
00
00
00
03
29
5 76
2 57
22 66
1894
9.02
3 70
79
41
1 89
95
01
00
1 66
2 64
1 34
11 78
34 19
1895
11 32
3 09
2 00
1 93
1 12
00
03
00
1 07
13
2 09
1 74
24 52
1896
11 03
24
2 64
6 88
80
00
68
82
1 72
6 11
4 ^9
35 21
1S97
3 32
6 99
6 00
52
29
42
T
T
16
3 27
1 18
2 49
93 64
1898
1 30
2 85
26
19
1 50
39
00
T
1 16
1 48
60
11 21
1899
6.59
07
12 16
78
1 64
06
00
00
00
4 89
5 65
3 9
34 04
1900
4 81
87
2 67
1 48
1 07
08
00
T
06
1 60
5 00
1 58
19 22
Average (27 years) . .
5 16
3 37
3 76
2 00
95
33
02
03
38
1 69
3 03
4 25
24 96
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
147
REDLANDS.
Redlands is situated in latitude 34 31' north, longitude 117 C 11' west. The elevation above
sea level. 1,352 feet. The city is surrounded by mountains and nestles on the southern slope of
the San Bernardino Valley. Within a distance of 15 miles are a number of towns and small
cities of which may be mentioned San Bernardino, Colton, Riverside, Loma Linda, Highland,
and Craftonville. Mount San Bernardino and Mount San Gorgonio, two of the highest peaks
in southern California, wall in the valley to the north. The distance from Los Angeles by
rail is 66 miles. The city is generally conceded to be one of the most beautiful in southern
California. The mean annual temperature is 64, which is about 2 warmer than Los Angeles.
The prevailing wind direction is west. Owing to proximity of the mountains and the desert,
the range of temperature is large. Maximum temperatures exceeding 105 C are not infrequent
during summer afternoons, but it must be remembered that the relative humidity is very low.
The highest temperature recorded since 1897 is 113 on July 11, 1897. The lowest temperature
for the same period, 26 on January 1, 1901. Owing to the topography, however, lower
temperatures may have been experienced within short distances from the point of observation.
The annual rainfall, as determined from twelve years' record, is 14.70 inches.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1893
54.2
50.7
51.9
58.7
66.0
73.1
77.0
77.5
68.4
62.2
54.0
53.6
61.4
1894
46.8
46.7
52.1
61.9
63.2
68.4
80.1
77.9
71.4
67.1
62.1
52.6
62.5
1895
47.7
62.3
55.7
62.0
68.2
73.7
72.6
76.7
68.9
65.0
60.4
52.9
63.0
1896
53.5
52.9
57.8
57.8
66.2
80.2
82.3
78.9
73.0
68.8
56.5
53.0
65.1
1897
48.7
48.2
49.9
63.0
69.3
74.7
82.2
83.0
71.7
60.4
57.1
49.7
63.2
1898
45.0
54.4
54.8
67.2
66.0
77.1
77.6
81.1
76.8
69.0
$8.2
52.4
65.0
1899
53.4
54.6
54.8
62.2
60.8
70.6
77.6
73.4
79.0
63.6
60.4
55.9
63.9
1900
56.8
57.6
60.8
55.9
66.6
72.2
77.0
71.6
67.6
63.9
62.4
55.9
64.0
Mean (8 vears)
50.8
52.2
M. 7
61.1
65.8
73.8
78.3
72.1
65.0
58.9
53.2
63.5
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
1889 0.68
1.47
5.70
0.99
0.58
0.00 0.00
0.28
0.31
1.50
0.52
13.72
25.75
1890 4. 69
3.03
0.89
0.16
0.68
0.00 0.00
2.16
0.88
0.29
0.00
3.02
15.80
1891 0.00
9.28
1.19
0.91
1.10
0.23 0.00
1.63
0.97
0.00
0.00
1.51
16.82
1892 87
4 37
2.06
0.13
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.63
1.58
9.67
1893 3.02
3.93
7.22
0.26
0.00
0.00 0.21
0.00
0.69
0.95
0.50
3.46
20.24
1894 1 43
1 04
1 01
25
0.64
0.00 0.00
0.09
0.17
0.07
0.00
7.38
12.08
1895 8.66
1.30
3.29
1.37
0.57
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
2.03
0.52
17.77
1896 , 1.52
0.24
3.96
0.01
1.14
0.06 0.01
2.00
0.00
1.72
2.07
1.37
14.10
1897 ' 5 11
5 83
3.00
0.14
0.63
0.00 0.06
0.00
0.83
2.38
0.16
0.70
18.84
1898 .. ' 1.96
0.79
0.99
0.31
2.15
0. 00 0. 10
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.22
0.62
7.18
1899 j 1 92
71
1 50
0.08
24
0. 87 0. 00
0.04
0.05
0.65
1.28
0.46
7.80
1900 . .,1.20
T.
0.78
2.03
1.41
0.00 0.04
0.00
0.50
0.53
3.88
0.00
10.37
Mean (12 vears) .. ' 2.59
2.67
2.63
0.55
0.76
0.10 0.04
0.52
0.37
..
2.86
14.70
RIVERSIDE.
Riverside is situated in latitude 33 58' 30" north, longitude 117 22' 30" west. The
elevation above sea level, 851 feet. The city lies in the valley of the Santa Ana River and is
surrounded by hills and mountains. Riverside is said to be the largest orange-growing com-
munity in the United States. The city is a large one in area, approximating 56 square miles.
About 35 square miles are under irrigation. The mean annual temperature is 63 C , and the
mean annual rainfall 10 inches. Afternoon temperatures in summer are high, often exceeding
105. The highest recorded temperature since 1897 was 112 on September 11, 1898. The
lowest temperature, 2<o z , has occurred on several dates.
148
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1882
48.0
51.0
57.0
60.2
67.8
72.4
78.6
79.8
75.1
64.9
57.0
56.5
62.4
1883
52.3
51.5
60.9
60.2
66.7
78.1
79.4
79.6
76.8
62.0
58.6
64.6
65.1
1884
52.6
54.6
55.0
60.3
67.2
71.5
77.7
78.2
69.2
63.6
69.7
51.3
63.4
1885
51.9
56.2
61.6
63.8
69.0
71.3
77.3
81.6
74.6
67.2
68.8
55.5
65.7
1886
53.7
58.0
55.2
59.6
C8.7
74.1
77.0
79.2
72.8
60.7
55.1
55.4
64.1
1887 . -
53.6
48.6
60.0
60.5
66.2
71.4
76.2
73.6
73.3
66.6
57.9
50.1
63.2
1888
48.4
51.2
53.1
62.4
62.5
70.2
76.3
75.3
74.4
64.1
56.0
51.8
62.1
1889.. .
48.2
51.9
56.5
62.2
64.0
69.5
75.9
76.1
71.3
61.7
55.5
51.6
62.0
1890 . . .
43.0
50.2
52.5
58.0
62.5
67.1
76.1
75.8
69.6
63.0
57.7
54.0
60.8
1891
49.3
48.0
53.8
57.8
60.3
67.6
78.2
77.8
70.0
66.6
58.4
48.3
61.3
1892.
53.4
53.8
56.6
59.8
64.9
68.2
73.1
74.3
70.4
62.0
59.5
51.0
62.2
1893 . ..
52.5
50.4
51.5
60.7
64.9
70.8
74.8
75.7
65.5
62.0
54.0
54.0
61.4
1894
47.3
48 4
54.2
60.3
62.4
63.8
75.2
74.4
71.6
64.8
61.5
53.2
61.4
1895
49.8
50.8
56.7
60.6
67.7
71.4
74.8
75.2
71.6
66.0
66.6
51.4
62.7
18%
55.6
57.5
68.1
65.4
65.1
73.4
76.0
73.8
71.1
67.6
57.6
56.0
63.9
1897
52.6
50.1
51.1
63.3
66.0
69.0
75.3
77,7
71.9
61.5
59.2
51.7
62.6
1898
48.2
57.3
53.5
64.1
[65.2]
70.7
75.5
79.6
75.4
68.1
59.0
52.4
64.1
1899
52.8
53.4
64.5
61.0
60.6
69.2
76.8
72.4
77.5
63.0
60.2
55.8
63.1
1900
56.9
57.6
61.0
56.5
67.0
71.4
75.8
71.4
68.2
64.4
64.3
59.4
64.5
Mean (19 years)
51.1
52.7
55.9
00.4
65.2
70.6
76.3
76.4
72.1
64.2
58.2
53.4
62.9
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
1881
0.48
0.25
1.30
0.74
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.40
0.25
0.40
3.95
1882
1.70
1.40
1.08
0.72
0.08
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.29
0.20
5.78
1883
0.09
0.83
0.89
0.26
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.97
0.00
2.25
5.54
1884
0.84
7.94
6.56
1.67
1.99
0.52
0.00
3.00
0.00
0.12
0.12
2.56
25.32
1885
0.77
0.00
0.01
2.15
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
1.34
0.62
5.15
1886
2.68
1.38
1.95
1.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.54
0.04
8.02
1887
0.13
3.30
0.02
1.70
0.17
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.75
0.87
0.85
7.81
1888
4.17
1 05
3.84
0.18
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.83
3.37
15.49
1889
0.87
1.30
5.10
1.83
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
1.35
1.82
7.80
20.41
1890 - -
. 4.44
1.96
0.60
0.06
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.79
0.13
0.32
3.21
11.65
1891
0.13
6.36
0.40
1.04
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.03
0.00
1.29
9.84
1892
0.00
2.60
1.07
0.00
1.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.29
0.28
0.94
6.50
1893
3.01
1.95
5.71
0.24
0.04
0.00
0.33
0.00
1.27
1.08
0.67
2.05
16.35
1894
0.69
0.33
70
0.00
0.00
00
0.00
0.26
0.20
0.05
0.00
5.22
7.45
1895
6 48
1 09
2 54
29
26
00
00
00
00
00
1 25
24
12.15
1896
1 72
00
3 16
56
58
00
O 9
23
00
2 07
1 48
92
. 10 74
1897
3.38
3 07
1 62
03
03
00
00
04
09
1 67
02
95
10.00
1898
1.74
0.12
0.80
0.18
0.27
00
00
00
0.00
0.00
0.01
1.38
4.50
1899
2 09
89
90
00
13
30
00
00
00
1 03
57
41
6.32
1900
1.01
0.01
0.95
74
1 29
00
00
00
00
0.28
2.51
0.00
6.79
Mean (20 years)
1.82
1.79
1.96
69
0.38
05
02
18
0.13
52
76
1.74
10.01
SALINAS.
The Salinas Valley stretches in a southeasterly direction from Monterey Bay for a distance
of 75 miles or more, having an average width of 10 miles. On the west side of the valley rises
the Santa Lucia Range, with an altitude of about 5,000 feet, while on the east rises the Gabilan
Range, of somewhat less elevation.
The city of Salinas has a mean annual temperature of 56, based upon records extending
over a period of twenty-six years. The coldest month is January, with a mean temperature of
48, and the warmest July, 63. The highest temperature recorded is 96, and the lowest 20,
giving an absolute range of 76. The date of the first killing frost reported during the past
winter was December 6. Killing frosts in the spring may occur as late as the beginning of
April.
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
149
The mean annual rainfall is 14.12 inches. This amount has been exceeded 13 times in the
past twenty-six years. The rainfall is fairly well distributed for agricultural purposes. July
and August are practically rainless. Twice in the past quarter of a century the annual rainfall
has not amounted to 7 inches, viz, in 1898, when but 6.94 inches fell, and 1877, when but 6.61
inches fell. Both of these were unusually dr\- years in California. In June, 1884, 2.66 inches
of rain fell. The two months of greatest rainfall were February, 1878, when 8.77 inches fell,
and December, 1889, when 8.72 inches fell. No rain fell during the months of December. 1874,
and February, 1896. During December, 1876, only a trace of rain fell.
The prevailing wind direction is from the south. In the summer months west and north-
west winds are most prevalent, but from November to March south winds prevail. The largest
number of rainy days occurs with south winds. During the past three years the average number
of rainy days, i. e., days on which 0.01 inch or more of rain fell, were January, 7; February, 4;
March, 5; April, 2; May, 1; June, 1; July, none; August, none; September, 1: October, 6;
November, 4: December, 4. The number of clear days in January averages 16: in May, 11; in
June, 20; in October, 16.
MEAX MONTHLY AND AXXUAL TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1874 51.0
49.7
51.5
57.2
62.3
64.2
63.7
64.7
65.0
61.0
54.2
46.1
57.6
1875 47.8
56.5
50.6
54.9
55.2
59.5
58.6
56.1
56.0
55.3
56.0
53.0
55.0
1876 48.4
53.0
53.0
57.0
58.8
63.6
63.9
61.8
62.4
59.8
52.9
50.0
57.0
1877 54.6
56.0
58.0
55.0
59.4
65.1
64.3
61.8
64.4
56.9
57.6
51.3
58.7
1878 51.6
52.0
54.0
55.8
58.4
58.7
60.3
59.6
59.7
61.3
54.7
50.3
56.4
1879 48.2
53.3
56.4
57.5
57.5
57.8
57.8
60.3
60.2
56.5
51.7
49.5
55.6
1880 46.7
47.1
48.4
53.9
58.5
55.9
57.1
58.8
56.9
57.4
51.5
52.2
53.7
1881 52.5
54.0
53.9
57.5
59.4
61.7
62.9
59.9
58.0
50.0
49.2
46.8
55.5
188<> 44.0
44.9
52.4
54.7
62.8
60.8
63.0
59.5
60.1
54.9
49.2
50.9
54.8
1883 44.3
48.0
54.8
54.9
68.2
64.4
62.5
61.9
62.0
56.0
50.8
49.4
56.4
1884 46 5
49.3
53.9
56.4
63.3
63.9
63.4
63 1
61.4
58.9
52.7
49.0
56 8
1885 47.6
49.0
53.7
61.0
61.3
61.7
63.4
61.2
62.4
54.0
51.9
49.8
56.6
1886 47.9
52.0
49.8
55.2
61.8
58.4
62.7
66.1
63.5
56.5
49.2
51.8
56.2
1887 47. 7
45.2
55.1
54.6
60.5
64.2
60.1
59.3
60.3
61.1
51.3
45.8
55 4
1888 ! 44.1
49.7
48.6
56.2
58.1
68.4
66.2
60.3
59.3
57.3
50.8
52.2
55.9
1889 44
47 8
53.9
57.8
59.0
60.1
60.3
60.0
65.0
58.4
53.6
51.2
55 9
1890 - 43.9
46.2
51.7
55.7
57.5
58.8
63.1
60.4
60.8
59.9
50.8
49.3
54.8
1891 47.6
47.1
52.7
53.1
57.9
64.5
63.1
6L7
57.9
52.9
51.7
44.6
55.0
1892 47 5
50.5
53 4
57.3
64.4
62.1
63.4
62.6
59.8
53.0
49.5
47.5
55.9
1893 . J 47.1
45.1
47.7
50.0
61.2
64.6
63.9
64.8
63.1
56.6
56.9
49.7
55.9
1894 47.9
49.6
50.6
5L6
54.7
60.2
63.6
64.7
63.1
56.3
53.0
49.5
55.4
1895 46 5
53.9
55.9
58.4
62.1
63.3
63.4
60.4
61.7
58.0
50.3
45.5
56.6
1896 51.8
51.8
52.7
48.3
58.5
55.3
60.5
63.4
62.0
56.3
51.1
47.7
55.0
1897 44.7
43 9
44.1
58.7
61.0
67.6
65.8
65.6
63.1
59.2
50.6
48.2
56.0
1898 45.4
55.2
53.4
58.0
55.7
63.2
63.3
64.0
61.0
61.7
51.8
46.4
56.6
1899 50. 6
52.4
54.1
58.3
60.8
61.4
66.5
60.4
58.6
55.5
60.5
58.6
58.1
Mean 47.7
50.1
52. 5
55.7
59.9
61.9
62.6
61.6
61.1
57.1
52.6
49.5
56.0
150
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1872
47
54
56
52
47
36
32
22
1873
36
30
36
63
62
46
30
35
36
1874
31
32
33
43
45
50
52
52
48
46
33
23
1876
28
32
32
33
48
49
52
51
50
39
38
31
1876
30
30
32
40
44
40
61
52
51
42
35
31
1877
21
25
37
44
47
52
54
54
50
35
34
34
1878
30
28
37
41
48
51
51
52
50
42
30
26
1879
26
29
32
44
45
52
52
53
50
42
30
20
1880
25
25
32
41
44
49
52
52
45
41
28
38
1881
32
36
32
45
45
52
52
51
44
31
29
33
1882
22
28
32
42
44
53
53
52
50
40
30
28
1883
20
24
44
40
45
53
54
52
50
38
29
32
1884
30
25
34
44
50
54
53
54
45
37
40
26
1885
33
32
36
41
50
51
54
57
46
38
30
32
1886
29
38
35
38
49
ftl
52
54
46
39
31
39
1887
28
29
33
40
44
50
43
53
47
42
28
32
1888
22
35
30
42
51
51
54
52
47
40
31
38
1889
28
30
43
48
50
51
53
52
48
44
38
35
1890
30
30
38
47
48
50
58
55
52
42
40
40
1891
30
32
42
44
48
55
54
51
46
40
40
25
1892
32
38
42
47
48
54
55
52
52
34
36
30
1893
36
32
38
42
54
55
56
52
55
40
39
35
1894
26
34
37
40
45
50
54
52
50
44
38
32
1895
32
38
40
48
49
52
50
50
50
42
35
30
1896
29
36
37
35
45
40
45
53
52
45
32
36
1897
36
35
35
40
50
52
50
51
50
40
32
25
1898
27
31
32
43
45
51
50
52
50
49
31
27
1899
27
31
40
48
50
50
55
50
45
40
40
33
f M
24
30
33
44
40
1876
43
1
50
f 1895
44
I
30
28
( 1880
20
I
1 1883
1883
1888
1875
()
1896
\ 1887
| 1899
\ 1881
1873
1 1887
\ 1879
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
1872
84
90
71
79
80
87
82
80
1873
76
70
84
90
78
79
76
87
84
66
1874
66
66
70
70
82
79
77
76
88
85
75
73
1875
66
71
78
80
77
78
70
76
77
79
70
68
1876
62
69
73
79
68
79
76
75
8 9
76
81
76
1877
77
73
70
64
70
88
76
79
87
79
78
69
1878
67
63
74
72
70
71
70
71
76
85
78
80
1879
64
72
80
70
75
10
78
72
87
80
90
75
71
1880
74
64
65
64
87
76
72
70
71
86
83
70
1881
68
75
78
76
73
74
86
70
78
70
74
72
1882
65
66
76
70
72
71
72
73
74
81
75
76
1883
66
81
84
68
85
94
74
78
96
76
75
75
1884
65
76
72
72
80
7
75
76
75
84
80
66
1885
70
75
82
82
76
73
73
76
8
1886
68
73
68
75
77
71
76
78
88
69
80
78
1887
70
72
82
70
70
78
7
70
78
78
1888
63
74
70
79
75
84
1889
64
76
77
76
87
75
78
75
78
65
1890
59
63
67
71
1891
62
62
65
64
76
90
90
90
70
65
68
64
1892
62
6 9
70
75
75
85
1893
58
62
70
6
70
75
80
80
74
76
70
65
1894
63
62
65
65
85
1895
62
78
72
78
1896
68
78
70
68*
95
78
6i
1897
55
62
60
to
92
1898
68
77
68
80
70
76
1899
72
75
75
76
75
76
Absolute maximum and date
f "
81
84
r 1873
84
95
94
92
94
96
95
88
80
1 1877
1883
1883
1890
1896
1883
1897
1894
1883
1890
1895
1878
"Several years.
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HCNDREDTHS).
151
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
NOT.
Dec.
Annual.
1873
3.40
2.12
0.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.10
0.20
4.25
10.97
1874
3.42
1.03
2.15
95
00
00
00
00
00
1.83
1.42
00
10 80
1875
4.30
0.15
0.40
1.42
0.00
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.00
5.17
1.98
14.02
1876
6 16
3.55
4 52
1 42
T
00
00
00
0.05
1 04
05
T
16.79
1877
2.54
0.16
0.30
0.10
0.20
0.00
T
T.
0.00
0.12
1.00
2.39
6.81
1878
7 05
8.77
2.57
1 92
T
00
00
T
05
60
20
35
21 51
1879
2.42
2.81
1.85
1.69
0.82
0.15
00
0.00
T
1 05
1.08
2.28
14 15
1880
1.65
1.16
1.64
3.90
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.57
5.56
14.94
1881
3 32
2.32
1 26
66
00
38
00
0.00
10
28
67
1 24
10 23
1882
17R
2.31
4.86
1.01
0.49
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.38
1.43
65
0.90
14 00
1883
91
0.95
1 28
1 98
00
00
00
19
1 19
25
1 95
10 96
1884
1 70
4 49
5 09
3.05
72
2.66
00
18
11
1 79
28
4 46
24 53
1885
1.09
0.05
0.19
1.21
0.12
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.02
0.08
6 60
1.30
10.71
1886
5.10
1.47
2.16
3 83
20
00
T
00
00
62
82
0.72
14.92
1887
0.75
4.73
0.54
1 63
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.71
0.00
98
2.16
11 57
1888
4 15
0.53
3 28
00
89
00
00
00
56
00
1 64
2 20
13.25
1889
0.65
1.65
3.33
95
0.68
00
' 00
0.00
00
4 20
2.41
8.72
22.59
1890
6.19
3.03
1.79
0.60
0.65
0.00
0.00
T.
0.29
0.00
0.44
05
15.04
1891
75
4.28
1.05
2.93
40
00
00
00
12
30
20
5 40
15 43
1892
0.48
1.48
2.78
0.88
1.29
00
0.00
0.00
116
86
2.26
4 30
14.49
1893
98
2.93
5.12
1 25
17
00
00
00
30
02
63
1 53
12 93
1894
5.07
3.30
0.58
0.45
1.53
29
00
0.00
95
1 06
45
4 95
18 63
1895
5.05
1.33
2.07
0.94
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.37
1.00
0.88
12.09
1896
5.80
0.00
1.50
2.40
47
00
00
36
00
1 20
2.64
1 75
16 12
1897
0.55
3.07
3.80
0.35
0.00
0.30
00
00
0.55
1.45
43
0.82
11 32
1896
73
1.58
91
22
1 08
30
00
00
14
27
31
1 40
6 94
1899
3.94
0.50
4.19
0.72
0.71
00
0.00
00
00
1 14
2.77
I
1 62
15 59
,\ VPTflgp . . ,
2.97
2 21
2 26
1 32
50
17
T
02
18
78
1 30
2.41
14.12
SALTON.
[Data from records of Southern Pacific Railway Company.]
Salton is situated in the Colorado Desert, near the southern line of Riverside County, on the
borders of Salton or Old Dry Lake, about 100 miles northwest of Yuma, and is 263 feet below
sea level. The highest temperature in the past four years was 126 3 , July 13, 1900, and the low-
est 20 C . December 16, 1897. The total rainfall in the last twelve years was only 30.77 inches, an
average of 2.56 inches annually.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year. Jan. Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Ang.
Sept.
Oct.
NOT.
Dec.
Annual.
1889 64. 67. 9
67.8
79.8
79.2
92.5
95.3
95.6
86.9
74.2
61 9
57 5
7fi Q
1890 ! 50.4 57.3
65.4
73.4
81.7
88.6
97.2
89.3
87.9
72.6
62.7
58 2
73.7
1891 53.5 53.3
66.9
73.0
78.7
86.9
97.1
96.1
86.7
77.3
62.4
53.2
73 8
UK 53.2 i 59.3
66.9
73.5
82.8
.. .
94.6
96 5
92.9
81
70 3
57 8
76 5
1893 . ' 58.4 | 60.7
66.1
77.5
79.2
95.9
98.7
98 9
90.7
79 4
70 7
66 3
78.5
1894 53.2 54.6
68.6
80.4
84.1
90.3
100.1
99.3
91.4
82.7
68.3
54.2
77 2
1895 50:9 60.2
67.8
80.1
90.1
96.4
96.5
97 9
91 4
82.7
69 9
60 2
78 7
1896 63.6 ' 65.6
69.4
74.0
84.1
100.6
101.2
98 2
87.3
85 3
70 8
56 4
79 7
1897 54.0 53.8
59.2
79.1
94.0
98.6
107.0
107.4
99.0
79.0
68.7
52 5
79 4
MM . 49. 1 49.6
57.8
82.1
73.3
93.7
100.0
98 4
92 4
--
59 1
46 2
73 3
1899 51.9 i 57.7
62.6
75.2
76.6
94.0
102.1
95.8
99 9
78 1
69 6
57 8
76 8
1900 65 7 65 9
74.0
70.3
93 5
99 4
97
90 9
85 8
78 9
67 3
53.0
78 7
Means (12 vears) 55.7 i 58.8
66.0
76.5
83.1
93.8
98.9
97.2
91.0
79.1
66 8
56 1
76 9
.
152
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1889
0.49
5.12
1.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.15
0.13
3.79
11.19
1890
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.60
0.37
1.35
0.00
0.00
0.32
2.64
1891
0.00
1.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.87
1892
2.75
0.43
0.60
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3. 8
1893
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.00
0.70
0.00
0.76
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.71
T.
2.51
1894
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.23
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
1.30
1.53
1895
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
T.
0.00
T.
1896
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.uo
0.00
0.18
0.51
0.00
0.93
0.46
0.62
2.70
1897
1.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.22
1898
45
0.00
0.35
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.59
1.39
1899
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.45
0.00
0.14
0.11
T.
1.00
1900
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.02
0.00
0.01)
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.84
0.43
0.62
0.21
T.
0.07
T.
0.19
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.55
2.56
SAN BERNARDINO.
By Dr. A. K. JOHNSON, Voluntary Observer.
Quoting from Professor Davis, of Harvard College: "The average value of the atmospheric
conditions of a region constitutes its climate. The most important climatic elements are, first,
temperature; second, various forms of moisture, as vapor, cloudiness, and precipitation; then,
wind in cyclonic storms. The pressure of the atmosphere is not a climatic element and needs
not to be considered only with the division of the wind system."
Taking up the study of San Bernardino climate under this division, the following tables will
show the average temperature by months for the past nine years, together with the highest and
lowest record and years in which it occurred:
MEAN MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1892
52.9
53.4
56.5
59.0
64.4
67.7
73.5
75.0
70.6
61.4
57.8
50.4
61.9
1893
53.9
52.6
53.8.
58.8
64.1
71
72.3
75.6
67
61.0
54
52.0
61 3
1894
47.0
47.8
54.0
60.3
62.8
65.8
74.6
75.4
70.4
64.6
60.0
49.7
61.0
1895
47.7
54.2
55.4
59.2
66 3
70 4
76
74.0
69 8
64 6
56 3
51
62 1
1896
54.2
56.4
68.0
56.0
64.2
73.4
76.8
75.2
70.4
65.4
56.0
54.5
63.4
1897
50.8
49.7
51 2
62.0
66
69
74 8
77 4
71 3
60 3
56 6
50 2
61 6
1898
46 7
56 2
52 5
63 9
61 8
70 8
76
78 6
72 6
64 4
56 2
50 6
62 5
1899
52.7
53.4
'54.3
61 2
60 4
70
75 3
71 4
75 8
62 4
58 8
54 2
62 5
Mean
50.7
53.0
54.5
60.0
63 7
tl'l S
74 9
75 3
71
63
57
61 6
6 9
HIGHEST AND LOWEST TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Month.
Highest.
Lowest.
Month.
Highest.
Lowest.
Date.
Temper-
ature.
Date.
Temper-
ature.
Date.
Temper-
ature.
Date.
Temper-
ature.
January
1898
a 1896
M893
1898
1896
1898
1898
83
85
89
102
102
107
107
1895
1891
1898
1896
1899
1894
<-1891
23
24
27
30
33
40
47
1898
1899
1899
1898
1895
108
dllO
100
92
84
1899
el893
1899
/1892
1891
42
42
33
29
23
February
March
October
April
May
Annual
July
110
23
a Also in 1898.
6 Also in 18%.
e Also in 1893, 1895, 1899.
<*The cause of high temperature was an approaching thunderstorm, a very unusual occurrence.
Also in 1894.
/ Also in 1895, 1897.
The daily variations are considerable, averaging 20, sometimes running as high as 50.
This makes the nights always cool and pleasant, and the greatest variations are in the summer
months. While the temperature is pretty high during the middle of the day, yet the dryness of
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
153
the atmosphere causes evaporation from the body, so the heat is not oppressive and sunstroke is
unknown. Although it is more comfortable in the shade, yet the workmen are not bothered by
the heat, as the writer observed some painters at work painting a tin roof without any serious
inconvenience with the thermometer standing at 107 in the shade.
The temperature should be compared with the humidity table, which will show how dry the
atmosphere is during the hottest part of the day.
The relative humidity was observed for three years, 1892, 1893, 1894. The following table
will show the monthly average (per cent) at observations taken at 8 a. m., 12 m., and 8 p. m. :
Month.
Time of observation.
Mean.
Month.
Time of observation.
8 a. m. '. 12 m.
1
8 p. m.
8 a. m.
12 m. 8 p. m.
January
69.6
77.9
76.5
71.8
77.1
71.8
65.8
45.3
54.6
58.8
45.8
53.0
45.1
38.7
67.5
77.7
79.2
74.9
76.6
68.5
62.2
60.8
70.1
71.5
64.1
68.9
61.8
55.5
73.2
71.6
73.3
68.7
77.2
44.5
41.5
48.3
42.0
56.3
65.6 i 61.1
68.2 | 60.4
74.4 65.3
69.0 59.9
72. 7 68. 9
February
March .-
October
April
May
Annual.
July
72.9
47.8
71.4 64.0
It will be seen that the mean at 8 a. m. averages 72.9 per cent and 71. -i per cent at 8 p. m.,
while at noon it averages 47.8 per cent. This explains why invalids should not be out of the
house before 8 or 9 a. m. and be in the house before 8 p. m.
The rainfall each year is mostly during the winter months, although there are eight months
that average over half an inch, the heaviest fall being in January. Instead of naming the seasons
winter and summer, they are called the wet and dry seasons, but the season's rainfall is dated
from Julj' 1 and continues until the next June 30.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Deo.
Annual.
1871
6.91
2.21
0.19
0.34
11
07
00
04
13
GO
88
3 91
15 39
1872 . ..
00
2 20
37
79
06
00
00
18
04
00
1 17
4 40
1873
6 50
1 25
51
84
21
00
00
1 06
02
01
5 73
1874
5 51
8 76
1 08
48
42
00
00
00
06
1 82
1 88
o 20
1875
7.20
0.15
22
07
05
00
00
00
00
00
7 50
15 1
1876
6 55
1 92
3 41
44
03
03
00
00
00
20
40
00
1877
3.50
4 03
83
26
30
00
00
00
00
86
50
3 95
14 23
1878
r> OO
6 68
2 57
1 71
66
07
07
00
14
05
4 70
1879
3 59
1 00
50
1 20
24
03
11
02
01
94
3 40
6 50
17 54
1880
1.56
1.33
1 45
5 00
04
00
00
00
00
14
67
8 80
18 99
1881 .
1 40
36
1 66
46
01
00
00
00
00
80
27
50
5 46
18*2
1.11
2.65
3 30
2 91
00
00
00
00
00
10
15
45
10 67
1883. .
1 60
1 10
2 82
2 95
00
00
19
00
09
2 63
1884
1 63
12 20
9 95
5 68
3 17
59
00
00
00
00
11
3 75
37 08
1885
2 79
11
28
1 89
1 69
19
00
00
39
1886
6 44
2 52
4 18
2 36
32
16
00
00
00
00
11
61
16 70
1887
39
6 44
4 41
1 90
42
22
11
1 17
1888
4 01
3 60
3 41
58
52
03
00
00
00
05
4 12
4 64
1889
0.93
1 50
6 55
2 05
1 13
00
17
63
11
2 30
2 23
10 85
28 45
1890
5 44
2 52
89
00
31
00
13
2 16
88
58
1 27
3 02
1891
0.00
7 78
06
53
1 67
00
00
91
93
T
T
1 67
13 55
1892
3 24
3 30
1 75
37
2 10
08
00
00
1893
4 53
3 37
8 00
48
03
00
20
00
05
1 05
30
o 28
1894
1 26
88
1 15
40
56
00
00
16
7 25
1895
7 39
1 14
3 44
64
44
00
00
00
00
00
1 14
66
1896
2 02
00
2 92
37
1 00
00
T
17
1897..
3 40
5 40
3 41
08
1898
2 10
60
97
48
1 08
00
1899...
2 03
51
3 22
07
Mean
3 32
2 95
o 53
1 22
154
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
The following table shows the average clear, fair, and cloudy days; also days on which 0.01
inch or more of rainfall occurred:
Month.
Clear.
Partly
cloudy.
Cloudy.
Rainy.
Mouth.
Clear.
Partly
cloudy.
Cloudy.
Rainy.
18
6
7
7
24
6
1
1
17
7
4
5
September
21
8
1
1
13
12
6
7
19
9
3
2
April
19
9
2
3
November
21
6
3
2
May
19
9
3
2
December
17
10
4
4
June
24
6
1
A 1
July
23
7
1
1
1
The prevailing direction of the wind is from the west and southwest in summer time; it
drifts in from the ocean 60 miles away, greatly modifying the temperature. After the sun goes
down a gentle breeze comes down from the mountains from the north and east, so that the air is
hardly ever stagnant.
During the fall and winter north winds are frequent, but are regarded as beneficial in puri-
fying the atmosphere, the same as thunderstorms in the East.
SANTA CRUZ.
[Data from records of Mr. RALPH SPRINGER and the Southern Pacific Railway Company.]
Santa Cruz, the county seat of Santa Cruz County, is an important city on Monterey Bav,
about 80 miles south of San Francisco, in latitude 37 north, longitude 122 02' west; elevation
about 18 feet above sea level.
The mean annual temperature, based upon records covering twenty-eight years, is 58.2, or
about 2 higher than San Francisco. The warmest month is August, with a mean temperature
above 64, but June, July, and September all have temperatures exceeding 63. The coolest
month in the year is January, with a mean of 51.1. It is apparent that the temperatures are
very equable. The winter months are pleasant.
The average annual precipitation during the past twenty-three years is 26.97 inches, or
nearly 4 inches more than the rainfall at San Francisco. December and January are the months
of greatest rainfall, and more than half of the annual rainfall occurs during December, January,
and February. The annual rainfall has varied from 13 inches to 44 inches. More, than 20 inche*
of rain have fallen during eighteen of the twenty-three years.
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
155
Year. , Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
M.y.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1873 86
51 9
57
58 9
82.4
64 7
63 2
66
61 3
58 4
55 3
53 2
59
1874 ^ 51.6
54.0
55.2
62.0
64.7
66 1
66 6
66 8
65 4
57 1
62.8
50 9
60 3
1875 50.0
54.4
49.5
60.4
65.2
64.4
64.3
68.7
63.3
59.8
58.5
55.7
1876 54.4
54.9
52.2
58.6
59 2
60 2
61 8
63.0
61 3
59 4
52 8
55 2
57 8
1877 56 4
57 6
60 6
61 7
60 2
63 3
64 3
64.7
63 3
59 8
55 6
, -
60
1878 51.6
55.2
56 1
59.5
61 4
63 8
61 4
59 8
61 1
59
53 6
48 5
57 8
1879 46.7
54.9
57.4
57.9
58 8
02.5
64.5
65.5
64.5
60.4
53.2
48 2
57 9
1880 46.3
47.8
49.9
55 4
60
62 7
62.7
63 5
61 7
61 3
54 1
54.3
56 6
1881 54.1
57.9
58.2
62.9
63.9
62.9
64.5
66.8
.. -
57.4
54.9
52.1
59 7
1882 48 7
47.0
53.2
55 6
51 4
62.3
64
63 7
62 2
60
54 1
53 6
56 3
1883 49.1
49.7
56.4
56.8
59 5
65 4
64 7
64 2
65.5
58.7
54.9
54 1
58 2
1884 52 5
53 5
55 7
57 7
6 6
63 9
65 1
66 1
62 6
60 1
56 3
52.7
59 i
1885 52.7
51.5
58.6
60.6
62 4
64 5
66 6
65 6
64 7
. 62.5
58 4
53.2
60 4
1886 53 6
57 8
53 7
57 8
62 4
66 4
66 6
65
59 7
56 7
55 7
54 9
59 -
1887 i 52.2
49.3
58.2
57.7
59 7
63 9
61 9
62.3
65 1
64.4
55 7
53
58 6
1888 , 49 2
53 1
54 8
59 3
59 3
67 5
66 4
64 4
65 8
66 3
58
57 1
60 1
1889. 50. 9
52.9
56 3
59.7
59 3
63 6
67 1
65 2
67 5
61 9
55 9
55
59 4
1890 49 6
5>
54 5
58 1
62 6
61 9
69 5
68 3
68 1
61 2
57
53 1
59 7
1891 . . 49 2
50 6
53 4
54.7
57 8
63 5
63 8
66 2
61 8
58 9
54 7
50 4
57 1
1892 50.5
52.4
53.9
55.4
58
60.1
61 8
61 6
61 1
58
53 7
49 7
56 4
1893 : 50 2
49 4
51 9
54 6
58.5
60 5
62.6
63 1
60 8
58
56
54
56 6
1894 48.8
49.4
52.3
58.1
59 2
62.0
63 8
65 4
64 6
61 4
58 7
54.2
58 2
1895 , 50.8
54.8
54.9
57.2
61.0
62.5
64.1
62.8
64.2
61 2
55 3
50 7
58 3
1896 53.0
55.2
55
53.1
57 2
60 6
63 9
64 8
61 3
58.3
52.6
53 4
57 4
1897. 49. 5
50.2
49.2
57.6
59.3
62.8
61.9
63.0
63 7
55 6
51 7
49 4
56 2
1898 46 "
52.5
51 6
57 4
55 8
63 '
62.0
63 5
62.8
61 *
53.0
48 2
56 4
1899 51.8
50.4
50.6
55.2
53.6
58.6
60
62.0
61 3
56
55 4
49 6
55 4
1900 53
52.4
55 8
53 8
59 4
62 1
60 7
62.8
62.4
57 8
55 5
50 >
57 2
Mean (28 vears) 51 1
52.7
54.5
57 8
59 8
63 1
63 9
64.5
63 1
59 7
55 5
52.4
58 2
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar. Apr.
May.
June. July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1878 10 56
14.71
4.04 2.06
00
00 00
00
1 27
2.75
30
1 34
37 03
1879 4.79
4.42
3.64 2.14
1.41
05 00
00
00
1 06
3 76
2 50
23 77
1880 1 44
1 04
2 12 5 60
70
00 00
00
00
00
40
1' 59
23 89
1881 9. 38
3 28
1.74 2 26
0.00
99 00
00
39
1 64
96
5 58
26 22
1882 3.08
3.04
5.57 2.26
0.24
0.07 0.00
0.00
65
2.47
2 28
1 41
21 07
1883 3.57
76
3 65 1 63
3 18
02 00
00
54
1 42
95
1 07
16 79
1884 3.30
5.27
8. 76 6. 78
0.11
2.48 0.00
10
33
1 37
32
8 91
37 73
1885 ' 2.11
41
47 2 43
05
00 08
00
07
10
10 25
o 90
18 87
1886. . 7.60
80
3.05 7.60
0.30
0.00 00
00
00
79
1 10
2.20
23 44
1887 1 01
9 62
53 1 90
02
0.00 00
00
42
42
L21
4 58
19 71
188$ 8.00
1.93
4.61 ' 0.57
1.08
09 00
00
37
00
6 17
5 07
27 89
1889 99
1 37
6 76 84
1 78
00 00
00
00
9 50
64
20 38
44 26
1890 , 9.40
4 90
5.58 1.06
1.22
0.00 00
00
80
00
00
2.34
25 30
1891 0.77
10.68
1.35 2.57
0.60
0.10 0.00
0.00
0.70
45
58
8 10
25 90
1892 1 40
4 60
2.82 1 83
3 95
0.00 00
00
25
93
5 05
7 15
27 98
1893 5.30
4.25
9.95 1.65
0.36
T. 0.00
0.00
25
75
4 40
3 50
30 41
1894 7 02
8 60
1.64 66
2.36
72 01
T
2.77
3 59
40
13 71
41 48
1895. . . 9.11
4.07
3.08 2.02
1.15
0.00 00
00
0.18
49
1 89
2.15
24.14
18% 8.52
0.25
3.69 3.07
1.66
T. ' 0.05
0.73
0.35
1.88
6.79
4.87
31 86
1897 3.72
4.96
4.86 0.22
0.24
0.10 0.00
T
0.17
1 49
54
2 13
18 43
1898 2.17
2 67
1 39 52
1 35
06 00
T
2.21
40
86
2 4
13.87
1899 7. 27
0.45
9.31 1.21
0.95
0. 14 0. 00
05
00
7 05
3 70
4 42
34 55
1900 5.49
0.99
3.58 2.21
0.94
T. T.
T
0.13
2.11
7 87
2.48
25 SO
Average (23 vears) 5. 04
4.05
4. 01 2. 31
1.03
0. 21 0. 01
0.04
0.52
2.71
5 29
156
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
STOCKTON.
The city of Stockton, latitude 37 52', longitude 121 18' west, lies about 60 miles east of
San Francisco. As the center of the great wheat belt of California, a record of the temperature
and rainfall conditions is of the highest importance. Rainfall data covering a period of forty-
nine years are available, but it is not known definitely to whom credit should be given for these
records. On the books of the Weather Bureau are found the names of Dr. R. R. Reed, W. M.
Trivett, M. Walthal, and T. G. Brown. Doubtless there are others to whom credit should be
given.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT), 1871-1900.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1871
46.9
49.2
57.0
60.1
64.6
74.4
73.5
74.7
70.7
63.5
52.5
49.2
61.4
1872 . . - .
49.1
54.1
56.6
57.3
67.7
72.6
75.6
77.7
71.2
64.4
54.2
46.5
62.2
1873
51.8
47.7
57.7
58.3
63.6
69.6
76.1
72.0
72.2
58.3
56.5
47.1
60.9
1874
46.0
48.6
52.4
59.7
65.7
71.8
77.7
74.3
75.2
68.8
67.3
47.0
62.0
1875
48.4
54.0
54.4
62.6
71.7
72.8
74.2
72.5
70.6
69.9
56.6
50.0
63.1
1876
45.1
50.5
55.2
60.6
65.0
77.3
75.6
72.0
69.9
63.5
53.5
45.5
61.1
1877
48.2
64.9
61.5
62.9
67.2
71.9
77.6
75.6
72.8
62.0
55.8
48.9
63.3
1878
48.3
50.9
54.1
56.7
62.0
69.0
72.5
69.2
67.6
60.5
53.6
46.0
59.2
1879
44.1
64.0
56.6
57.1
58.1
70.2
71.0
74.1
68.2
60.0
50.2
45.4
59.1
1880 .
44.4
45.4
48.8
54.2
60.6
65.1
70.5
67.6
70.0
62.0
49.0
50.0
57.6
1881
48.7
53 7
57.7
63.6
67.4
65.7
70.9
68.0
67.2
56.7
50.9
44.2
59.6
1882
43.0
47.0
54.0
60.4
66.5
67.8
74.2
74.2
68.6
55.5
50.0
48.2
59.1
1883
43.2
46.1
54.8
52.8
61.0
70.0
72.3
70.6
72.0
56.0
46.9
46.0
57.6
1884
46.4
45.9
53.1
57.8
63.1
64.1
69.9
71.6
63.0
59.4
54.7
48.6
58.1
1885
47.9
53.5
57.8
61.3
64.0
67.1
69.4
73.1
68.4
62.6
55.3
50.8
60.9
1886
48 1
54.1
63.1
57.4
63.8
72.0
74 6
73.1
68.2
59.0
51.0
50.9
60.4
1887
48.5
45.9
68.0
59.5
64.0
68.2
70.3
68.4
68.6
63.9
53.4
46.7
59.6
1888
44.8
51 1
53.6
62.3
62.0
68.1
71.1
74.9
72.3
62.2
63.3
49.6
60.4
1889
45.1
49.2
55.3
60.5
62.9
70.9
72.3
73.2
74.7
64.9
62.2
55.6
62.3
1890
46.2
50 2
51.6
59.3
67.8
70.9
74.1
76.0
56.3
64.0
63.9
45.0
60.4
1891
47 1
47 4
55 3
62.1
65 4
71 5
79 6
77
71 6
65 5
56 1
47 4
62.2
1892
'47.0
52.1
64.4
55.7
63.9
66.8
71.1
72.4
' 67.4
60.6
53.8
47.4
59.4
1893
42 6
47 8
62 6
55 6
64 2
68 4
74 3
73 4
64 7
58
53
48
58.5
1894
44.1
46.2
62.2
60.0
63.6
64.4
73.0
73
70.0
61.7
65.6
46.4
59.2
1895
46 6
52 2
53 2
67.8
62 6
71 4
71 3
71 7
65 2
63
50 8
43 9
58.2
18% .'
49.2
52.8
55.4
53.4
59.8
70.3
75.2
71.2
66.7
63.0
60.9
48.2
59.7
1897
48.6
43.6
51 4
64 6
70 5
73 9
75
71 2
68 1
59 2
49 3
43 6
59.9
1898
40 5
51 8
51 2
61 3
60 6
69 4
69 4
71 4
67 9
61 4
51 6
42
58 2
1899
48.3
50 4
52 6
67 8
58 6
71
72 1
67 2
71 2
69 4
53 8
43 6
58 8
1900
47 2
50 1
54 8
52 8
63 8
69 3
73 7
72 8
69 2
63 4
60 2
42 8
60
Mean
46 5
50
54 5
58 9
64 1
69 9
72 6
72 5
69
61 7
53 9
47 1
60 1
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS), 1860-1900.
157
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1850
4.50
0.50
10.00
4.25
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
T.
19.50
1851
~0.65
0.35
1.88
1.14
0.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.18
2.14
7.07
15.10
1852 -
0.58
0.12
6.40
0.19
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
6.00
13.41
27.00
1853
2.40
0.62
2.02
2.70
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.61
1.35
9.95
1854
2.64
8.94
3.60
3.24
0.66
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.31
0.23
19.75
1855
2.90
2.74
2.20
3.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.74
2.42
14.29
1856
4.50
0.02
0.26
0.16
0.17
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.45
0.83
2.90
9.39
1857
1.38
4.80
0.68
T.
T.
0.35
0.00
T.
0.00
0.66
2.41
6.63
16.91
1858
2.44
2.46
2.88
1.21
0.20
0.10
0.00
T.
T.
3.01
0.15
4.33
16.78
1859
0.96
3.91
1.64
0.98
1.04
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.02
0.00
6.48
1.83
16.89
I860
2.31
0.93
5.11
2.87
2.49
0.11
0.55
0.00
0.06
0.91
0.18
4.28
19.80
1861
2.67
2.92
3.32
0.48
0.59
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
2.17
8.64
20.93
1862
15.04
4.26
2.80
0.82
1.81
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.36
0.01
2.33
27.45
1863
1.73
2.75
2.36
1.69
0.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
1.49
1.82
12.20
1864
1.08
0.18
1.30
1.08
0.74
0.09
0.00
0.08
T.
0.12
6.72
7.87
19.26
1865
4.78
0.71
0.48
1.37
0.46
0.00
T.
0.00
0.08
0.48
2.43
0.36
11.15
1866
7.70
2.01
2.02
0.48
2.25
0.10
0.02
0.00
0.00
T.
2.43
9.5,
26.52
1867
3 44
7.10
1.01
1.80
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.62
2.16
6.48
22.65
1868 . .
5.07
2.28
3.51
0.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.62
3.45
15.62
1869
4.18
3.17
2.49
1.59
0.82
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.06
0.83
1.55
15.68
1870
0.37
2.35
0.99
0.07
0.12
0.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.67
1.35
6.38
1871
1.47
1.70
0.30
0.69
0.40
T.
T.
0.00
0.00
0.14
1.09
11.49
17.28
1872
2.58
3.46
1.43
0.51
0.06
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
1.37
6.25
15.73
1873
0.75
3.97
0.47
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.76
3.94
10.67
1874
3.94
1.78
3.33
0.50
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.23
1.09
3.45
0.23
16.19
1875
4.54
0.28
0.87
0.00
0.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
5.86
2.85
14.86
1876
3.26
2.65
3.23
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.00
2.11
0.30
0.00
12.02
1877
3 32
0.23
0.75
0.00
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.36
0.72
1.31
7.01
1878
5.45
6.70
2.56
1.01
0.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.51
0.42
17.64
1879
2.28
2.94
2.06
1.75
0.96
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.58
2.05
1.67
14.49
1880
1 54
1.32
0.89
6.28
1.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
7.09
18.17
1881
2.83
2.50
0.82
1.11
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.24
0.73
1.65
10.17
1882
1 27
84
2.64
2.21
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.50
1.86
1.11
0.27
10 81
1883
2.55
0.35
2.55
1.23
4.84
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.93
0.51
1.00
14.14
1884
1 94
4 43
6 66
2 94
50
1.27
0.00
0.00
0.19
1.40
0.00
5.69
25 02
1885 . .
1 23
00
0.26
0.77
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
6.08
1.24
9.66
1886
5 36
0.04
1.21
3.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.84
0.82
11 92
1887
36
3 78
21
1 57
00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.00
0.52
3.06
9 80
1888
3 36
0.48
2.29
0.28
0.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.88
0.00
2.70
2.42
12.96
1889
31
98
3 98
14
1 52
06
00
0.00
0.00
3.39
3 27
6.17
19 go
1890
4 99
1 66
1 26
1.08
0.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.57
0.00
0.00
2.31
12 42
1891 . .
95
3.19
1.14
1.58
0.30
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.05
0.07
4.58
12 11
1892
95
1 25
2.50
0.81
1.44
0.36
0.00
T
0.08
79
3.66
2.99
14.83
1893
2.68
2.14
2.59
0.96
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
0.13
00
2.38
1.42
12 30
1894
3 88
4 93
45
10
1 84
70
00
00
1 76
1 32
56
6 80
22 34
1895
5 24
1.70
1.00
0.63
0.77
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
26
1 09
1.20
12 39
1896
6 09
19
1 76
2.65
96
00
T
19
T
1 11
2 30
1 12
16 37
1897
1 81
2 85
--
37
09
T
00
01
03
1 37
39
1 23
10 93
1898
0.61
1.32
0.84
T.
1.11
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.35
88
56
1.50
7 20
1899
3 15
18
6 58
53
0.47
20
00
05
00
3 59
2 90
1 83
19 48
1900
2.39
0.24
1.73
1.74
1.82
0.00
0.00
0.00
04
97
4.65
1 08
14 66
Mean
2 99
2 18
2.28
1.29
0.67
0.09
0.02
01
14
62
3L76
3 36
15 40
158
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
TRUCKEE.
[Data from records of Southern Pacific .Railway Company.]
Truckee is situated in Nevada County, about 8 miles southwest of Boca, in latitude 39 20'
north, longitude 120 11' west. Trout Creek joins the Truckee River at this point. Donner
Lake lies about 2 miles west of Truckee, just north of the boundary line between Nevada and
Placer counties. The elevation of Truckee is 5,818 feet, and of Donner Lake 6,095 feet. The
general movement of the air is from the southwest down the Truckee Valley, but owing to the
topography of the country there are many local air movements. Killing frosts occur frequently,
as at Boca, and low temperatures prevail during the winter months. The mean annual tempera-
ture at Truckee, based upon records covering thirty j'ears, is 43.9, and is almost identical with
that of Boca for the same period. Truckee is somewhat warmer in July than Boca, and a little
colder in the winter months. The average annual precipitation, based upon records covering
thirty-one years, is 26.60 inches. The month of heaviest precipitation is January, with an
average of 5.61 inches. The snowfall for the past four years is as follows: 1897, 218 inches;
1898, 110 inches; 1899, 246 inches; 1900, 132 inches.
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL MEAN TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
April.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1871
24.6
28.3
32.0
39.0
44.2
56.0
73.1
67.1
61.2
44.1
32.8
27 1
44 1
1872
23.6
25.1
28.3
25.7
37.6
49.0
53.0
53.0
50.5
38.7
33.3
29.9
37 3
1873
32.9
24.4
33.9
38.8
46.3
65.8
66.8
52.5
54.9
41.1
36 6
24 2
42 3
1874
21.7
22.6
26.3
36.3
46.6
53.3
67.6
59.3
58.0
45.8
35.7
28.7
41 8
1875
26.9
27.7
32.0
46.0
51.7
56.4
66.7
68.0
56.3
50.4
38
32 2
45 5
1876
22.8
28.1
30.7
38.6
45.9
60.0
62.6
60.?
64.3
45.5
37.6
31.6
43 2
1877 . ...
27.6
33.9
42.0
40.2
45.6
57.4
66.6
62.5
58.9
41.5
39 7
30 6
45 5
1878
29.5
30.4
36.6
42.0
57.7
63.3
65.7
67.8
58.1
47.1
40.8
29.8
47 4
1879
25.1
34.8
36.3
40.5
46.1
61.7
66.8
66.5
60.9
43 5
33 1
22 9
44 8
1880
21 8
21 8
25 9
35 3
46
68 9
68 2
63 4
57 6
48 5
30 3
33 1
42 6
1881
29 4
34.6
35.9
50.0
54.6
60.0
66.1
61 1
56 6
42.6
29
28 6
45 6
1882
22
22 7
28 1
34 4
51 1
58
69 9
66 6
66 8
44 8
35 8
32 1
43 4
1883
22.9
21.4
36.7
39.7
47.7
61.9
68.1
61 8
57.8
43 5
33 9
29 8
43 g
1884
25 6
21 8
29.5
39 7
50 8
56
63 2
65 6
52 3
44 1
37 3
28 1
42 8
1885. .
27.6
34.3
39.9
42 8
49.8
52.8
62.2
61 5
53 8
46 8
36 7
31 5
45
1886
25 6
32 7
29 7
38 4
51 5
68 3
64 9
61 8
52 3
39 1
3 9
35 9
43 5
1887
29.1
24.0
OD o
38.5
50.0
57 5
62 9
60
52 1
46 4
37 8
25 1
43 5
1888
20 2
29 6
33 6
46 5
51 6
66
67 3
64 9
61 6
50 6
40
34
46 3
1889
23.1
31.5
41.1
50.3
54 5
70.5
69 3
69 2
61 1
46 3
39 4
29 7
48 8
1890..
21.7
25 1
30 8
38 8
47 2
56 4
71 3
64 9
56 6
47 1
37
9 6 7
43 g
1891
25 4
27 8
33 9
40 8
49 6
56 5
66
66 4
53 i
45 9
38 4
1892..
26.6
32 1
33 4
37 2
48 2
53 8
60 3
66
61 2
43 9
38 3
23 7
43 7
1893
28 4
25 1
30 4
34 9
45 4
57
61 4
66 2
50 6
47 3
37 2
28 5
42 7
1894
23.2
23.7
31
41 7
47 4
48 2
65 5
65 6
58 3
46 7
38 8
25 7
43 o
1895 .
22 7
26 3
30 5
38 4
46 3
55 7
61 8
62 9
51 6
47 6
36 2
1896
27 4
30 8
34 3
34 2
43 7
60 8
68 6
54 6
47 4
1897
25 9
25 5
25 7
40 3
56 3
58 5
63 6
63 2
53 8
41 6
39 4
43 3
1898
16 4
32 6
33 o
45 2
46 2
59
71 4
1899
29 1
39
35 1
40 8
44
56 1
62 8
63 5
49 5
48 4
43 4
26 4
1900
30 6
31 5
33 4
46
48 6
55 7
60 4
58 2
53 3
Means (30 years)
25 3
28 3
32 9
40
48 4
57 4
65 4
63 4
55 9
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
159
MONTHLY AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTH^).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
Jun^
July.
Aug.
Sept. '
Oct.
NOT.
Dec.
Annual.
1870
5.90
6.18
4.35
0.12
2.40
0.80
1.30
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.51
1.67
23.28
1871
4.80
4.23
3.18
2.00
0.28
0.42
0.00
0.00
20
0.02
5.35
16.23
36.71
1872
3.42
10.49
3.63
4.11
0.60
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.60
3.74
27.39
1873
3.78
9 55
1 69
1 36
55
00
T
0.00
00
0.11
0.42
8.70
26 16
1874
9.54
6.15
9.35
2.61
68
0.11
0.56
0.07
0.04
2.44
3.54
0.60
35.69
1875
8 50
20
1 20
90
00
1 81
40
0.03
T.
0.62
8.94
4.90
27 50
1876
9.85
5.50
6.95
1.83
0.84
0.01
0.05
0.03
0.03
3.64
0.07
0.05
28.85
1877
9.45
0.39
1.84
1.03
1.12
0.36
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
1.66
0.24
16.13
1878
5.97
11.80
2.07
0.80
1.17
0.10
0.00
0.28
0.23
0.75
2.14
0.50
25.81
1879
7 70
2 68
5 25
1 55
45
00
00
00
0.07
1,40
3.78
4 98
27 86
1880
2.95
4.65
4.65
12.74
2.50
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.45
9.51
37.61
1881
5.71
2.13
1.86
0.49
0.40
1.26
0.18
0.00
0.25
2.50
2.70
3.80
21.28
1882
6.40
4 95
12.05
1.89
0.85
98
0.60
0.00
0.00
0.85
1.04
0.80
30.41
1883
1.55
3.05
1.65
2.19
1.13
0.00
0.53
0.00
0.12
2.46
2.50
1.62
16.80
1884
6.65
11.20
5 38
3.90
0.14
1.02
0.00
0.10
0.78
1.50
0.00
13.14
43.81
1885
1.80
0.54
0.56
2.04
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.47
0.00
6.95
2.22
14.91
1886
7 08
50
2 90
1 78
60
56
89
0.00
T.
0.85
1.10
2.29
18.55
1887
3.43
12.25
0.36
2.00
2.04
0.37
0.40
T.
0.00
0.00
0.30
4.80
25.95
1888
2 35
00
00
T
70
80
72
0.20
0.25
0.00
10
1.58
6.70
1889
0.80
1.40
2.51
1.01
4.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.13
3.29
14.39
31.04
1890
16 20
8 90
7 29
20
1 44
00
00
22
80
0.45
00
3 70
39 20
1891
1.22
8 36
3.92
2.17
2.90
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.98
0.05
0.45
6.34
26.85
1892
2.65
2.80
3.00
2.96
4.20
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.29
0.37
5.73
8.15
31.10
1893 . .
5 44
8 02
5.18
3.73
1.79
00
00
0.00
1.22
0.35
3.96
2.82
32.51
1894
8.06
10.95
2.65
2.15
1.05
T.
0.00
0.00
0.13
1.12
0.60
13.95
40.66
1895
11 73
1 92
1 72
50
2 40
00
0.00
0.00
1.32
0.34
0.50
2.96
23.39
1896
7.07
0.40
4.67
9.36
0.54
0.00
0.15
0.34
0.32
0.40
3.86
2.50
29.61
1897
2 35
7 97
9 50
30
T
18
00
0.00
T.
0.55
3.20
3.15
27.20
1898
1 05
3 65
2.05
0.25
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.06
2.95
1.50
12.21
1899
- -
2.70
9.50
1.10
0.75
0.00
0.00
0.92
0.00
6.49
2.80
1.80
33.86
1900
2 63
80
4 20
1 90
0.80
1.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.02
2.50
2.70
17.56
5 61
: -
1 04
2 22
1.20
0.37
0.19
0.08
0.26
1.03
o 32
4.30
26. 9S
' CLIMATE OF VISALIA.
[From records of Mr. L. V. Nanscawen.]
These records were kept by Mr. L. V. Nanscawen, and cover the period from January 1,
TEMPERATURE.
1888, to July 31, 1898.
Year.
Number of days with maximum tem-
perature above 90.
Number of days with minimum
temperature below 35.
Number of days with
minimum tempera-
ture below 40.
May.
June. July. Aug.
Sept
Nov.
Dec.
Jan. Feb.
Oct.
Mar.
Apr.
1888...'
7
10
6
1
8
2
4
4
7
5
20
25
11
8
5
9
*
18
18
11
15
31
31
28
26
23
26
30
18
24
21
31
31
24
26
27
22
26
23
23
24
18
18
9
9
4
3
9
3
8
11
_
8
1
6
5
7
6
15
11
12
13
10
9
9
5
24
12
-
13
17
17
14
5
21
18
4
11
11
29
9
'
5
10
.
4
3
3
10
10
-
3
4
4
2
-
31
9
23
21
21
21
22
22
8
18
27
12
3
10
17
16
24
5
11
6
2
7
18S9
1890
1891 ...
1892
1*93
1894
1895 .
18%
1897 .
1898
160
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
WEATHER.
Month.
Average number days
Month.
Average number days
Clear.
Parti y
eloudy.
Cloudy.
Rainy.
Clear.
Partly
cloudy.
Cloudy.
Rainy.
Januar
11
12
12
16
19
22
22
5
2
4
3
5
3
5
15
14
15
11
7
5
4
6
5
6
3
2
August
20
20
19
15
8
6
6
4
5
5
(
5
8
10
18
1
2
2
8
September
Alarch
October
April
November
May
December
June
196
52
117
35
July
GREATEST PRECIPITATION IN 24 HOURS FOR EACH MONTH.
[Inches and hundredths.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Greatest
annual.
1888
1.86
0.15
0.84
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.00
1.46
0.62
1.86
1889
0.42
0.24
0.89
0.27
0.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
2.11
0.22
0.70
2.11
1890
1.64
0.41
0.43
0.17
0.29
0.00
0.00
T.
0.40
0.00
0.47
0.89
1.64
1891
0.46
0.60
0.21
1.05
0.07
0.04
0.00
0.00
1.10
0.00
0.34
1.54
1.54
1892
0.20
0.57
0.76
0.35
0.50
0.18
0.00
0.00
T.
0.37
0.35
0.92
0.92
1893
0.47
1.26
1.47
0.26
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.64
1.47
1894
0.59
0.22
0.91
0.21
0.34
1.42
0.00
0.00
0.45
0.28
0.10
1.33
1.42
1895 ....
1.32
1.22
0.41
0.24
0.43
0.00
T.
T.
0.04
0.45
0.64
0.40
1.32
1896
1.12
0.04
0.46
0.50
0.11
0.00
0.22
0.10
0.00
0.88
0.92
0.35
1.12
1897
1.00
0.54
0.67
0.39
T.
T.
T.
0.00
0.40
0.35
0.40
0.45
1.00
1898
0.22
39
0.48
0.06
71
0.00
T.
1.86
1 26
1.47
1.05
71
1.42
0.22
0.10
1.10
2.11
1.46
1.54
Date
1
}3 1888
9 1893
20 1893
16 1891
15 1898
5 1894
22 18%
29 1896
15 1891
23 1889
16 1888
29 1891
Year
MEAN MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1888
37.0
45.6
46.7
62.1
68.8
77.8
85.4
84.7
79.5
65.0
52.4
45.4
62.1
1889
42.9
50.0
57.5
62.8
68.9
81.2
83.9
81.4
76.4
57.9
49.5
45.6
63.2
1890
39.9
47
51 5
57 6
67 8
72 9
80 2
78.2
71 7
62 3
53 8
43 4
60 5
1891.
44.4
46.8
51.1
56.1
65.0
71.8
83.0
81.4
69.4
64.5
52.9
43.8
60.9
1892
46.6
50 4
51 4
54 5
64 4
67 2
79
78 4
68 9
61 8
54 1
45 1
60 2
1893
42.0
47.2
49.4
51.1
64.7
72.8
79.3
78.9
64.9
57.8
50.0
47
58.8
1894
43.0
46 9
51 7
60 6
67
67 3
82 3
79 6
71
61
54 4
46 5
61
1895
46.2
51.3
50.3
58.7
67 2
75 5
77 1
76.4
68 2
64.8
48.4
40.9
60.4
1896
49.7
53 1
58
54
64 4
77 4
83 3
78
71 7
67 2
48 7
47 7
63 6
1897
45
48 6
48 9
62
69 2
71 3
78 6
78 4
70 9
59 2
50 5
41
60 3
1898
39.4
51 1
50 6
62 5
63 3
73 4
81 4
Mean
43.3
48.9
51 6
58 4
66 4
73 5
81 2
79 5
71 3
62 2
51 5
44 6
61 1
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
SUMMARY OF MONTHLY MEANS AND EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE.
161
Month.
Highest monthly
mean.
Lowest monthly
mean.
Absolute maxi-
mum.
Absolute mini- I
mum.
Greatest
Mean
daily
range.
Mean of 3 Mean of 3
consecu- consecu-
tive live
wannest coldest
days. days.
Date.
Tempera-
ture.
Date.
Tempera-
ture.
Date.
Tempera-| .- Tempera- ran S e -
ture. ture.
1896
1896
1896
1889
1897
1889
---
1888
1888
1896
1894
1896
49.7
53.1
58.0
62.8
69.2
81.2
85.4
84.7
79.5
67.2
54.4
47.7
1888
1888
1888
1893
1898
1892
1895
1895
1893
1893
1895
1897
37.0
45.6
46.7
51.1
63.3
67.2
77.1
76.4
64.9
57.8
48.4
41.0
15,1893
24,1896
25,1896
25,1898
22,1892
f 30,1891
I 25,1898
27,1898
28,1888
1,1888
f 4,1889
[2-t, 1896
19,1897
10,1896
67
78
83
104
101
107
113
107
106
} 92
80
70
(16,1888
1 26,1898
22,1897
22,1898
| 3-5-6,
I 1892
9,1892
3,1895
| 26-29-
1 30,1895
30,1894
30,1889
f 5-20,
( 1897
17 40
23 40
22 44
30 55
35 47
38 * 52
50 49
51 39
37 42
34 39
23 46
19 39
18.4
22.2
26.1
29.5
30.1
31.1
31.1
30.7
30.1
27.7
26.5
19.7
57.3
60.3
70.3
80.3
83.0
90.0
90.3
91.3
91.0
74.0
60.7
53.0
23.2
38.7
39.7
45.5
50.7
52.3
67.2
66.3
52.7
51.0
34.3
34.5
Feb
March
May
Jnne
July
August
September
October
December
Annual
85.4
1888
37.0
| July 27,
1 1898
1 '-
Jan. 16,
1888
Jan. 26,
1898
17 55
26.5
"Several years and dates.
* Several dates in 1896 and 1897.
MONTHLY, ANNUAL, AND SEASONAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS).
Year. Jan.
Feb. Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
Season
of.
Seasonal.
1888 3.06
0.16 1.61
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
00
35
00
2 39
1 70
9 41
1889 n
36 3 46
49
1 22
00
00
00
T
4 06
1890 3 34
1 12 1 10
' 25
4g
00
00
T
1891 57
2 85 66
1 36
07
04
00
00
1892 25
1 79 3 01
54
1 64
18
00
00
T
39
1893 ' 1 28
1 78 3 61
43
00
00
T
1894 j 1 90
1 03 1 25
21
48
1 42
*
00
00
50
1895 ' 4.30
1 68 1 61
65
47
00
T
T
08
45
1896.. 3 02
04 99
1 33
23
00
40
1897 ! 3 51
2 11 1 93
39
T
T
T
00
40
5|
1898 0.54
0. 96 0. 74
0.08
0.73
0.00
- .- .,
Mean 2.04
1.26 ] 1.82
0.53
0.48
15
04
01
32
68
69
2 04
10 40
EXTREMES OF PRECIPITATION.
' Greatest monthly Least monthly
precipitation. precipitation.
Month.
Month.
Greatest monthly
precipitation.
Least monthly
precipitation.
Date. Amount. Date.
Amount.
Date. Amount.
Date.
Amount.
January 1895 4.30 1892
0.25
0.04
0.66
0.;
\ 0.00
0.00 ;
Julv
1896
1896
1891
1889
...
1894
0.40
0.10
1.10
4.08
2.39
3.75
()
()
\ 1893
| 1896
(')
1894
1895
0.00
0.00
} 0.00
0.00
0.10
0.61
Febmarv i 1891 2.85 1896
March . 1893 3 61 1891
September
Vav i <u J 18S8
October
' 1892 1 ' W j 1893
June 1894 L42 (a)
November
a In many years.
117*5 RnH T ii-} 11
162
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
TOTAL NUMBER OF DAYS WITH PRECIPITATION.
Month.
Less
than
0.01
inch.
0.01 to
0.10
inch.
0.11 to
0.25
inch.
0.26 to
0.50
inch.
0.51 to 1
inch.
Over 1
inch.
Month.
Less
than
0.01
inch.
0.01 to
0.10
inch.
0.11 to
0.25
inch.
0.26 to
0.50
inch.
0.51 to 1
inch.
Over 1
inch.
8
14
19
16
9
3
July '.
4
1
2
4
14
20
13
4
1
August
2
1
7
19
16
>o
11
September
10
4
5
j
April
7
10
12
6
October
8
4
3
5
3
J
May
6
g
4
g
3
November
1
7
6
7
2
1
2
1
1
1
December
8
23
23
19
16
1
NORMAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT).
Stations.
Eleva-
tion.
Length
of
record.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Bee.
An-
nual.
Feet.
134
Years.
23
54.8
56.2
59.2
62.8
66.7
69.8
72.4
73.3
71.9
66.6
61.1
56.9
"64 3
208
1
46
22
46.5
50.8
54.4
59.7
66.1
72.0
75.8
74.5
71.1
63.4
63.8
48.3
61 4
102
16
48.5
49.5
52.3
64.9
58.8
62.5
62.3
61.4
60.9
57.8
53.0
49 7
56
616
Bakersfield
404
12
48.1
62.4
57.9
64.7
72.9
81.9
88.6
84.7
75.8
66.0
65 9
48 2
320
14
47.6
49.7
51.7
54. 0'
57.3
60.9
61.0
60.9
61.3
58.9
54.6
48.9
Biggs
98
2
Bishop
4,450
17
38.2
44.9
51.0
61.1
69.3
77.7
84.6
81.0
71.3
60.6
49.4
40 9
60 3
4,695
2
Bodie
8,248
6
20.2
23.0
25.3
33.8
41.8
51.9
57.6
54.4
47.0
37.7
30 1
20 8
37 1
5,500
Byron
33
21
46.4
50.4
56.4
61.5
67.1
75.5
80.9
77.5
71.8
63.3
63 9
47 8
62 8
1 779
5
51.0
54.7
56.1
62.2
65.0
75.6
82 9
79 1
75.5
67 5
62 6
54
Caliente
1,290
25
49.4
51.8
56.0
60.9
70.0
78.9
84.8
83.1
75.0
64.8
55 2
49 7
65
363
29
48.1
50.1
53.5
57.8
61.5
69.6
72 6
70 3
66*7
60
53 4
49 9
Campbell
194
4
4 675
7
31.5
34.9
37.3
42.3
51.9
60.5
69 2
67 9
68 6
48 9
38 9
30 2
Chino
714
9
50.4
53.5
65.6
60 8
64.7
71.6
77.1
75.2
71 2
63.8
66 8
52 2
62 8
1 200
9
49.7
51.6
53.0
57.1
60.7
66 7
71 6
70 6
69 2
62 4
57 3
51 6
Cloverdale
315
Colfax
2 421
30
44.4
45.9
49.1
54.3
61 2
71 2
75 3
76 5
69 5
59 9
51 7
46 6
Colton
965
24
50.6
53.2
57.1
61.4
67.5
73.2
78.5
78 9
73 8
64 8
57 5
53
Corning .
277
15
45.2
48.8
52.6
60 3
68.2
77 3
83 4
81 1
73 9
64 8
55 1
47 3
1 759
9
51 4
52.1
53 8
61 6
66 7
74
79 1
78 3
73 4
64 1
57 9
Crescent Citv
50
7
47.2
47.6
47.1
49
51.6
54 9
56 5
57 4
56
53 o
50 1
47 8
Cuyamaoa
4,543
2
Davisville
51
29
47.6
51.6
56 2
60 8
67.9
74 8
77 9
74 1
72
64 9
55 7
48 8
Delano
319
25
47 1
51 7
56 8
62 6
70 8
79 y
85 7
85 5
78 6
66 4
55 8
Delta
1 138
16
41 8
46 5
50 g
57 4
64 8
72 2
78 9
76 3
59 3
Drytown
790
9
45.3
49 3
51 2
56 1
61
68 5
76 3
74 6
68
59 8
65
24
46 3
49 2
55
62 4
70 3
77 9
79 7
Dunsmuir
2 285
12
38.9
40 8
44 4
49 5
57 5
63 4
69 5
66 9
60 5
52 4
Durham
180
6
45 2
50 2
51 1
57 2
63 2
73 4
79 4
75 7
4 750
g
34 2
35 9
36 5
Elcajon
463
2
Eldorado
1 609
12
45 8
48 6
52 3
57 8
Elmdale
126
1
Elmira
75
15
47 9
51 7
56 1
Elsinore
1 234
G
50 3
53
56 3
61 7
66
71 5
Escondido .....
650
7
49 g
52
54 3
Fallbrook
700
25
50 1
51 5
53 8
57 3
61 1
Farmington
111
2
45 7
60 1
53 9
Fernando
1,066
23
50 5
53
56 3
61 1
70 1
Folsom
182
12
47 2
51 1
55 9
Fort Ross
100
g
48 3
Fruto.
624
12
Gait
49
23
47 3
Georgetown .
2 750
28
Greenville...
3.600
33.2
36.7
38 ft
4rt 5
K9 7
J R
fiS A.
fl9 ^
?*fl 7
JO 7
jn A
QQ R
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY.
163
NORMAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT) Continued.
Stations.
Eleva-
tion.
Length
of
record.
Jan.
Feb.
Ma,
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
An-
nual.
fleet.
100
Yean.
8
44.6
48.1
50.3
54.9
58.7
63.9
66.8
64.8
62.8
59.4
54.0
46.0
56.2
2,154
13
35.0
39.7
45.5
51.8
61.3
68.0
75.3
75.3
65.0
52.1
42.7
37.5
54.1
Huron
387
47.2
51.4
55.3
61.7
68.3
78.4
86.2
83.0
74.3
65.2
56.2
47.7
64.5
3,907
5
40.7
45.8
50.0
57.2
63.0
72.6
79.1
76.0
69.0
59.4
48.8
42.0
58.7
Indio
- 20
23
52.9
58.7
65.3
72,5
80.1
88.3
94.5
93.0
86.5
75.4
62.6
56.6
73.7
287
23
46.6
49.2
53.9
58.7
65.0
73.6
78.6
78. i
71.6
62.5
53.4
48.2
61.6
Iowa Hill :
2,825
20
43.4
45.3
47.1
53.7
59.8
67.5
75.2
74.5
67.8
59.5
51.4
45. S
57.4
1,975
9
41.9
44.8
46.8
53.3
57.3
65.4
72.9
70.2
64.7
57.1
49.6
43.0
65.6
Keeler
3,620
16
41.8
46.5
52.9
61.7
69.4
77.9
84.7
83.4
73.6
64.3
52.5
43.8
62.7
Kennedy Gold Mine
1.500
9
43.5
46.5
48.4
53.7
59.4
67.8
75.2
73.3
66.9
59.1
51.2
43.9
57.4
King City . ..
333
14
48.4
48.8
53.5
56.2
59.6
63.7
67.0
66.4
66.0
59.3
53.8
49.0
57-6
Knights Landing
45
23
46.8
50.3
54.8
59.2
66.6
72.3
77.4
76.6
70.9'
62.7
54.1
48.4
61.7
1,325
8
44.6
47.5
49.5
55.7
60.8
69.1
76.2
74.7
67.8
'60.3
52.0
45.5
58.6
5,000
33.4
35.4
34.5
41.3
47.7
56.8
62.5
59.8
53.3
46.6
39.6
34.1
45.4
600
6
48.2
53.6
56.1
62.2
69.0
78.2
83.3
79.9
74.4
67.2
55.6
46.4
64.5
Lick Observatory
4,209
12
39.7
40.5
41.0
46.0
51.6
60.5
69.4
69.1
61.9
54.0
49.4
42.0
52.1
Lodi
35
19
46.2
50.1
54.7
58.3
63.4
69.1
73.7
73.0
69.7
62.3
53.6
47.3
60.1
LOB Banos
121
14
46.5
50.3
55.8
63.4
68.4
76.9
81.5
79.3
74.0
64.2
54.4
47.1
63.5
Los Gatos
600
14
47.6
49.6
51.8
56.0
60.3
65.3
67.7
67.2
65.6
60.7
54.3
48.8
57.9
2,850
42,4
44.6
47.5
54.9
61.2
72.3
80.1
78.4
71.2
60.1
51.1
43.4
58.9
Martinez
10
23
46.4
49.2
52.9
57.0
61.2
66.7
68.4
66.5
64.9
59.7
53.0
47.8
57.8
Marvsville
67
30
48.4
51 3
57.4
62.0
68.8
76.2
80.0
78.9
74.0
65.3
56.4
49.9
64.0
177
7
46.7
49.9
53.5
62.2
68.4
77.0
83.1
78.6
71.8
64.1
54.3
48.2
63.1
Merced
173
27
47.0
51.0
55.0
60.0
67.3
75.3
81.7
79.3
73.7
64.8
55.4
48.3
63.2
Modesto
90
29
46.6
50.1
55.9
62.2
69.4
76.6
81.5
79.7
74.7
65.3
55.8
48.1
63.8
Mokelumne Hill
1,550
8
41.6
45.1
46.8
53.0
59.5
69.3
76.9
73.1
65.8
58.2
50.5
43.4
57.0
Mojave
2,751
24
45.3
48.8
53.5
59.7
68.0
77.5
85.7
84.2
73.9
65.6
54.8
46.8
64.0
M out ere v
15
36
50.2
51.2
53.9
55.8
58.3
60.8
61.0
61.9
61.5
58.2
54.3
51.7
56.6
4 500
2
2 375
2
Napa (S. H.)... .
20
23
45.4
49.4
51.8
55.9
59.9
64.6
65.8
65.0
63.6
58.7
51.8
46.5
56.5
Needles
491
9
52.4
57 8
64.8
72.2
80.2
87 8
94.4
92.3
84.7
72.2
60.1
52.8
72.6
Nevada City
2,580
9
40.8
42.5
44.2
49.8
55.6
62.9
68.6
67.0
60.6
54.0
47.0
41.9
52.9
Newcastle
956
8
46.4
47.7
51.0
58.2
64.7
74.0
80.2
77.7
72.6
63.5
54.9
47.4
61.5
Newhall
1,200
24
47.9
50.2
54.1
58 9
64.1
70.7
76.6
77.3
71.5
62.1
54.8
49.5
61.5
Newman
92
12
48.0
51.8
56.1
63.1
70.7
78.9
84.6
81.8
74.2
64.5
57.1
49.4
65.1
Niles (near)
87
14
51.7
54.4
56.7
59.9
62.9
67.2
68.9
69.0
68.3
62.3
56.8
52.4
60.9
North Hill Vineyard
Oakdale
660
156
11
7
47.0
45.7
50.8
48.7
54.0
52.7
58.6
59.3
64.6
64.9
72.6
73.9
78.6
79.7
76.5
76.3
71.5
71.4
64.2
62.5
56.3
52.9
46.9
44.9
61.8
61.1
Ogilbv
354
u
56.4
60 7
68.3
76.3
84.0
93.8
99.4
98.1
91.8
77.3
67.8
56.0
77.5
Oleta
1,510
Q
42.8
44.9
47.3
52.5
58.5
66.6
73.0
70.6
63.0
55.6
48.6
42.8
55.6
Orland
254
18
47 6
51 2
55.7
62 4
70.4
78.7
86.4
84.2
66.4
56.4
47.9
65.4
Oroville
188
17
48.1
51.5
55.8
60.7
67.2
75.2
81.3
79.3
73.8
66.6
67.1
48.8
63.8
Palermo
185
10
45.5
49.7
52.8
58.5
65.6
74.3
78.9
77.1
70.0
61.9
52.4
45.2
61.0
Palm Springs
584
12
55 3
58.7
65.1
74.6
81.1
90.6
97.7
93.2
85.2
74.5
65.1
55.1
74.7
Paso Robles (near)
723
14
44.6
47.8-
51.6
57.9
61.9
68.4
72.5
71.1
66.9
59.8
51.6
45.6
58.3
Peachland
220
5
48.0
50.5
51.8
*?
59 6
65.0
66.0
63.3
63.2
58.6
52.4
47.3
56.8
Pine Crest . .
1,000
Placerville
1,820
12
41.1
43.6
46.3
51.1
58.5
66.8
72.7
69.8
62.8
'55.5
48.1
42,0
54.8
Point Lobos
250
8
48.4
50.1
50.0
52.0
53.9
55.3
56.0
57.0
57.6
56.3
53.8
49.4
53.3
Point Reves
490
9
49.4
49.2
49.6
50.2
51.6
52.8
53.7
54.5
56.1
54.7
53.0
50.6
52.1
Pollaskv.
1 200
Pomona (near i
857
7
51.5
53.7
55.8
61.1
65.1
70.2
74.6
74.7
72.0
64.8
59.1
53.3
63.0
Porterville
461
12
48.1
51.7
56.8
64
73.2
- -
-- :
84.8
76.3
64.6
54.9
48.5
66. a
Powav
460
17
48.0
49.5
52.4
55.8
60.6
65.1
68.9
69.6
65.9
59.4
53.5
51.1
58.3
Quincy
3 350
6
34 6
38
41
47.6
54.3
62.4
65.9
63.6
57.0
49.6
41.1
34.5
49.1
Redding
557
26
45.2
49.3
53.8
60.2
67.4
75.6
82.3
81.0
74.0
64.5
54.1
47.0
62.8
Redlands
1 335
8
50 8
52 2
54.7
61 1
' -
73.8
78.3
77.5
72.1
65.0
58 9
53.2
63.5
Reedlev
347
305
8
45 7
1* -
51 6
57 2
63
71.4
76.8
74.0
68.3
61.3
53.3
-45 8
59.8
Rio Vista ...
33
8
45.6
50.8
54.3
58.0
63.6
70.4
74.5
72.6
69.3
62.4
53.7
45.4
60.0
1 025
19
51 1
.V 7
55 9
60 4
65 2
70.6
76.3
76.4
72.1
64.2
58.2
53 4
62 9
Roeklin
249
30
46.6
50.1
54.9
60.4
67.8
75.0
80.0
78.2
72.7
63.6
53.9
47.9
62.5
Rosewood...
- '
42.2
4.'i. 7
49.6
' 56.5
63.7
73.3
80.4
76.8
68.3
48.8
42.7
58.9
164
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
NORMAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FAHRENHEIT) Continued.
Stations.
Eleva-
tion.
Length
of
record.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
An-
nual.
Salton
Feet.
--263
Years.
12
55.7
58.8
66.0
76.5
83.1
93.8
98.9
97.2
91.0
79.1
66.8
56.1
76.9
236
14
46.4
49.4
53.0
58,4
61.9
68.2
69.4
70.0
66.2
61.1
53.9
48.0
58.9
371
12
47.7
52.8
56.8
64.2
72.6
80.8
87.9
84.4
75.2
66.1
56.8
47.6
66.1
1,500
8
49.2
51.3
53.5
57, 3
64.5
70.2
76.2
76.0
70.6
62.2
56.1
50.0
60.2
50
6
53.1
54.7
55.8
58.3
60.6
63.9
64.1
64.6
64.4
61.5
56.8
52.4
59.2
201
6
52.2
54.6
54.0
56.4
58.0
63.0
65.0
65.
64.9
61.5
57.6
53.0
58.7
616
14
46.6
49.2
53.5
58 3
63.8
70.3
75.0
72.9
68.6
61.9
53.7
47.6
60.1
500
7
53.6
54.9
53.3
55.5
56.3
58.8
60.8
60.8
60.6
60.4
57.4
54.8
57.3
137
12
55.5
57 5
60.2
64.2
68.8
72.2
75.0
75.4
73.3
68.4
61.8
57.5
66.8
130
17
53.2
54.8
55.4
58.4
60.2
63.2
65.1
66.9
65.7
62.6
59.1
55.7
59.9
18
28
51.1
52.7
54.5
57,8
59.8
63.1
63.9
64.5
63.1
59.7
55.5
52.4
58.2
996
12
43.4
46.5
49.7
55.9
60.4
67.2
70.7
69.1
65.9
59.2
60.8
45.0
57.0
220
13
51.6
52.6
55.2
57.8
59.8
62.9
64.4
64.9
64.0
62.3
57.8
53.7
58.9
92
16
54.2
54.6
57.8
61.3
64.4
66.9
69.9
70.3
67.8
64.8
60.2
57.0
62.5
286
12
52.4
54.0
55.8
60.5
63.4
65.6
68.5
68.4
66.3
62.5
59.8
55.6
61.1
181
12
48.0
50.5
52.6
56.4
62.0
66.8
67.2
65.9
64.2
59.6
53.9
48.9
68.0
311
15
45.0
50.8
54.8
62.4
70.5
79.2
85.4
83.1
77.4
64.0
54.6
46.0
64.4
3,555
12
34.0
36.7
39.7
47.9
55.3
63.4
69.7
67.6
58.2
50.0
41.1
34.5
49.7
Soledad
188
27
47.1
50.2
53.6
57.3
62.3
65.5
66.1
65.1
64.9
59.8
53.2
49.3
57.9
Sonoma
30
49.0
50.0
52.3
54.6
59.2
61.6
65.4
65.6
64.7
60.4
55.4
48.5
57.3
296
20
20
47.2
51.5
55.8
59.9
63.8
68.3
71.1
70.7
69.8
63.0
54.8
48.6
60 4
Summerdale
5,270
5
37.1
38.5
37.3
,,3.3
49.5
61.0
68.5
65.6
60.0
49.3
43.3
39.5
49.4
7,017
28
28.0
28.8
31.4
35.5
42.6
53.2
61.0
60.3
53.7
44.0
35.8
30 5
42.1
4,195
12
81.1
34.4
39.6
47.3
55.9
63.9
71.8
70 7
61 6
50 6
41 8
32 4
60 1
3,964
24
38.2
39.3
44.1
50.2
59.2
69.4
76.4
74.5
66.1
56.1
46.5
39.5
64 9
220
80
47.0
51.0
54.9
60.7
68.9
77.6
84.1
81 3
74 3
64 4
55 1
48 6
64
Tejon Rancho
1,450
244
Tracv
64
21
46.9
50.5
54.8
60.9
69.1
75.9
79.9
77.5
72.0
63.5
64.2
49 6
62 9
Tulare (near)
274
7
47.9
53.4
55.9
62.6
68.2
77.4
83.0
80 1
71 9
63 5
54 9
46 8
63 8
Ukiah
620
8
45 1
47 7
50 2
65
60 4
67 7
73 4
71 8
65 7
58 4
51 2
44 7
57 6
Upper Lake
1,350
16
44.8
47.5
50.4
54.6
59.8
66.2
73.1
73 2
67 1
59 8
51 4
45 6
57 8
Upper Mattole
244
14
47.3
48.7
51.0
54.0
68.6
60.7
64.8
65.7
62.8
57 4
51 9
47 5
66 8
Vaca ville
175
13
46.4
51.2
54.3
59.0
65.1
71.9
76 4
75 2
71 2
64 4
65 7
47 6
61 5
Valley Springs
673
12
46 2
50 9
54 3
60 2
65 8
74 5
81
78 3
72
63 2
56 2
47 7
62 6
Ventura
50
8
52 8
53 2
53 6
56
58 6
62 1
63 5
64 6
61 4
60 1
57
54 9
58 2
Vina
213
12
46 6
49 9
54 8
61
68
78
84 9
81 5
73 7
65 1
56 1
47 i
63 9
Visalia . . .
334
13
43 6
48 7
51 6
58 6
66 3
74
81
78 8
71 4
62
52
44 g
61 1
220
12
55 3
60 6
67 5
78 9
86 8
96 4
101 3
77 9
Watsonville
23
5
52 4
52 3
55 1
56 6
58 7
62 4
63 3
6 8
60 3
58 4
56 1
51 3
57 5
Westley .. .
90
12
48 4
52 4
57 8
64 2
70 6
77 9
Wheatland
84
14
44 6
48 7
52 9
58 4
Whittier
239
12
56 5
58 5
61 1
65 4
68 6
73 2
Williams
89
24
46 1
50
54 6
61 1
Willows
132
22
45 2
48 8
Winters
136
12
46 9
51 5
56
63 1
565
7
45 4
49 2
51 6
Woodland
63
24
46 2
49 9
54 5
Yreka .. ..
2 635
10
34 8
37 3
Yuba Citv
70
9
48 1
MINIMUM WINTER TEMPERATURES OF THE HIGH SIERRA.
(By Prof. J. N. LB COXTE.)
The following are the results of two observations on the minimum winter temperature of
the summit of Mount Lyell in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of Central California. This point is
situated about 18 miles in an air line and 40 miles by trail east of the Yosemite Valley. Its geo-
graphical coordinates, as given in the United States Geographical Surveys West of the One Hun-
dredth Meridian, are: North latitude 37 44' 11". longitude 119 16' 18.*07" west. Its elevation,
according to the United States Geological Survey, is 13,041 feet above the sea.
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY. 165
Mount Lyell was selected principally on account of its comparative ease of access. The
group of mountains of which it is one of the dominating points stands at the southern extremity
of what may be called the " northern high Sierra," or that part of the crest of the great range
lying between the headwaters of the Mokelumne River and those of the North Fork of the San
Joaquin. In passing south along the high Sierra the summit peaks become progressively higher
and more rugged, and the area above the timber line more extensive. About the head of the
Merced River the northern portion culminates in a magnificent pile of snow capped peaks extend-
ing between Mounts Lyell and Ritter, where the southernmost glaciers of the range are to be
found. South of Mount Ritter the crest breaks down in a wide belt of rolling, forest-covered
mountains for nearly 20 miles, but rises again finally at Red Slate Peak. South of this the range
extends as an unbroken wilderness of alpine peaks, rugged beyond description, culminating a
second time in Mount Whitney, about 100 miles south of Lyell. This latter is the high Sierra
par excellence.
On July 8, 1897, minimum thermometer No. 4315 of the United States Weather Bureau
was left upon the summit. It was inclosed in a thin wooden box about 6 inches square and
2 feet long, one side of which was laid exactly in line with the edge of the great southern
precipice, here over 1,500 feet high. Large stones were laid upon it, but one side was exposed
to the weather, and in no way could it become entirely covered with snow. On June 5, 1898,
the mountain was revisited, and the thermometer box was careful!}- uncovered. The ther-
mometer was in perfect condition, and registered 13.6 F., 25 C. It was reset and left
upon the mountain a second year. Professor Le Conte was unable to make the ascent of the
mountain in 1899, but Prof. H. I. Randall, of the civil engineering department of the State
University, visited the spot in July and obtained the reading. In this case it was 17.6 C F.
It will be remembered that the winter of 1897-98 was an exceptionally dry one, and that of
1898-99 was not severe. It is interesting to compare these temperatures with those taken a few
miles farther east and manv thousand feet lower:
1897-9$. , 1898-99.
Mount Lyell: elevation, 13,040 feet -13.6 -17.6
Bodie; elevation, 8,248 feet 24.0 _ 30.0
Bishop; elevation, 4.460 feet +10.0 + 5.0
It would be instructive to obtain the minimum winter temperatures of a number of high
peaks distributed along the crest of the range from Lake Tahoe to Mount Whitney.
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTH).
ANAHEIM, ORANGE COUNTY.
[Figures appearing in brackets ( [ ] ) are approximate.]
Year. j Jan.
Feb. Mar.
Apr.
May.
Jane.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
NOT.
Dec.
Annual.
1878 . 2.19
4.07 1 49
1 93
52
00
00
1879 1 96
57 35
37
T
1880 . 1 29
1 32 1 57
20
00
00
00
1881 25
28 85
06
Mb. . , o to
1 90 2.42
48
40
00
1883 1 48
1 98 1 22
2.78
1884 -J 80
10 58 6 70
1 75
54
1885 61
00 00
64
00
QO
00
1886 4 63
82 2.70
2 51
00
T
1887.. 43
5 71 00
2 21
T
00
00
75
1888 6 29
92 5 90
T
00
00
T
T
1889 14
1 28 7 97
24
57
1890 . 3 36
1 54 o 78
QO
T
00
00
1891 24
9 05 59
1 81
40
00
00
00
00
00
1892.. 77
o 35 i 23
15
1 48
00
1893 : 2.98
o oe 6.07
23
00
00
00
00
1894 ' 68
35 48
13
10
00
T
T
10
00
1895 . 6 92
68 2.63
05
10
00
00
1896 3 25
00 3 03
T
00
00
00
00
00
1 98
1897. 3 00
4.35 2.20
00
00
00
00
00
10
1 GO
00
1898... 1 65
10 1 00
20
1 00
00
00
00
T
1899 : 2.78
15 1 61
20
00
51
00
00
07
1 32
1900 ' 1 29
00 73
1 09
1 49
09
00
Mean (23 rears) ' 15
2 18 2.24
71
36
08
T
T
ANTIOCH, CONTRA COSTA COUNTY.
[Elevation. 46 feet.]
1879
1.57
1 69
1 50
73
--
05
00
00
00
77
1 38
1 51
1880..
95
1 07
1 14
3 65
33
00
00
00
00
00
1881
1.74
1 54
1 11
1 30
T
00
00
00
T
T
95
1 89
1882
95
1 20
2.35
25
00
00
00
00
1883...
1 89
48
1 99
60
2 55
00
00
00
13
70
55
33
1884
3.50
3.64
5 73
2.62
00
1 15
00
T
T
1 25
T
o 79
20 68
1885...
1 16
12
35
96
00
T
T
00
00
00
4 87
1886
3 60
0.00
0.56
2 03
T
00
00
00
00
40
T
1 02
7 61
1887...
38
3 87
49
95
00
00
00
00
00
<*
1888
2 84
1 24
2 05
00
50
00
00
00
70
00
"-"'
1 82
2 88
1889
0.95
0.52
4.81
0.46
1 07
T
00
00
00
4 51
2 09
6,54
20 95
1890
5 16
2.97
2.45
31
54
00
00
00
04
00
1 32
13 7
1891
0.41
4.55
2.01
1.14
00
36
00
00
75
75
o 75
4 43
15 15
1892...
1 06
1 63
2.14
46
76
00
00
00
22
45
4 52
4 78
1893
2.93
1.88
2.64
1.02
41
00
00
00
0.02
06
2. 18
1 63
y> 77
1894...
4 29
2 54
37
28
1 61
84
00
00
1 07
63
18
8. 11
1895
5.57
1.52
0.75
00
52
00
00
00
15
15
1 63
65
19 94
1896..
6 15
10
1 44
3 18
00
00
00
47
1 55
2.34
1 20
1897
1.98
3 07
3 34
12
00
00
00
00
00
1 09
35
65
10 60
1898...
79
1 32
45
15
40
10
00
00
15
84
00
72
189!)
1.61
0.03
5 22
15
45
05
00
00
00
2 66
2.36
1 03
13 56
1900..
3 04
14
41
8 57
TO 491
00
00
00
00
70
3 43
95
Mean (*> rears)
2.39
1.60
1.97
0.95
49
12
T
01
23
80
1 48
j 54
1 57
167
168
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OP CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTIIS) Continued.
BAKERSFIELD, KERN COUNTY.
[Elevation, 394 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
.Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1889 -
0.57
0.20
1.88
0.15
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.04
0.22
1.75
7.03
1890
1.20
0.16
0.24
0.00
o.oe
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.47
0.00
0.00
1.34
3.50
1891
0.20
1.20
0.26
0.27
0.22
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.20
1.08
3.%
1892
l.Gl'
0.45
1.25
T.
0.41
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.55
0.76
5.42
1893
0.61
0.88
2.30
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.97
5.28
1894
0.91
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.02
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.03
0.00
1.43
3.46
1895
2.53
0.40
1.15
0.29
0.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.06
0.54
0.33
6.61
1896
1.66
0.00
1.58
0.35
0.15
0.00
0.18
0.05
0.00
0.73
0.35
0.81
5.86
1897
0.97
2.13
'0.72
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.62
0.12
0.31
5.16
Iggg
1.36
0.28
0.26
0.05
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.65
0.00
0.26
0.10
2.16
1899
0.82
0.15
0.58
0.16
0.08
0.00
0.00
T.
T.
0.57
1.08
0.77
4 21
1900
0.84
0.26
0.43
0.78
0.48
0.00
[0.02]
0.00
0.00
0.60
1.00
T.
4.41
1.11
0.51
0.93
0.22
0.18
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.13
47
38
80
4 76
BERKELEY, ALAMEDA COUNTY.
[Elevation, 320 feet.]
1887
1.66
9.41
0.98
2.53
0.06
0.04
0.01
00
40
00
76
2 94
18 79
1888
6.84
1.92
4.50
0.20
0.42
0.50
T.
0.00
0.59
0.02
2.71
3 79
20 49
1889
0.78
0.54
7.58
0.72
1.50
0.06
0.00
00
00
5 80
2 39
12 59
31 96
1890 .
11 16
5.70
4 74
2.18
1 44
T
00
T
25
00
00
3 32
28 79
1891. .
1.13
10.68
3.17
3.42
1.61
0.38
0.44
00
74
18
1 01
6 22
28 98
1892
2 34
4.20
3 60
1.68
2 97
00
01
00
07
1 99
6 35
6 64
28 85
1893
3.90
3.28
6.19
1.62
0.26
0.00
0.00
00
38
52
5 22
2 62
23 99
1894
9.54
3 77
91
57
2 01
1 11
00
00
1 61
3 29
1 35
12 63
36 79
1895
10 88
3 25
2 64
2 30
1 06
00
04
00
1 28
07
1 78
1896
11.40
36
2.93
6.72
94
00
T
90
76
1 91
5 15
4 92
35 99
1897
3 73
4 68
5 97
44
20
30
00
00
^0
o 48
1 58
1898
1.54
3.28
0.31
19
1 87
24
00
04
93
1 88
97
1 22
12 47
1899
5.90
22
13 19
1 56
1 70
05
00
T
00
5 26
5 85
1900
4 18
1 02
3 00
1 58
91
08
00
02
05
5 28
3 65
4 26
1 84
1 21
20
04
07
52
1 77
BISHOP, INYO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 4,450 feet.]
1884..
62
64
94
05
00
00
1885
00
00
67
14
1886
1 03
00
50
1887 ,
65
1 58
00
35
55
1888
1 37
47
05
1889
10
60
1 46
12
30
1890
4 57
30
00
1891
00
3 70
28
1892
10
70
1 10
00
1893
1 22
1 12
15
1894
30
75
1895
1 10
50
22
1896
1 07
00
1897
32
1 67
1898
05
4.89
1899
1 65
00
0.00
0.21
0.11
1.45
1900
49
01
0.17
5.38
Mean (17 years)
86
71
0.89
4.27
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (Ixcais AXD HU.VDREDTHS) Continued.
BYRON. CONTRA COSTA COUNTY.
[Elevation. 33 feet.]
169
Year. ^ Jan.
Feb. Mar.
Apr.
May. June. July.
Aug. Sept. Oct.
. NOT. Dec.
Annual.
1880 092
1.02 ! 0.79
1.68 0.91
1.02 3.11
0.25 1.91
4. 15 5. 61
0.18 0.35
0.00 1.79
4. 43 0. 19
1.25 1.77
0.72 4.24
2.35 2.16
2.83 0.40
1. 18! 2.29
2.34 2.43
2.65 0.32
1.37 0.85
0.14 1.01
2.52 2.88
1.00 0.41
0.00 5.25
0.08 | 0.79
5.13
1.91
0.72
0.17
2.50
1.02
2.23
1.21
0.00
0.49
0.38
1.60
0.40
0.90
0.10
1.02
2.11
0.00
0.00
0.61
0.57
0.18
0.00
0.00
2.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.75
0.98
0.20
0.00
0.82
0.38
1.59
0.37
0.31
0.00
0.57
0.40
0.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.59
0.00
1.63
0.53
0.27
0.00
1.03
0.18
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.97
0.86
1.23
0.00
0.89
T.
0.00
4.52
0.00
0.00
1.25
0.00
1.02
0.63
1.88
1.47
0.47
3.26
0.85
0.53
1.00
1.69
0.53
0.00
6.70
0.00
0.42
4.49
2.86
0.00
0.32
3.21
1.50
0.26
0.95
2.54
0.18
0.14
1.91
3.47
7.56
1.80
0.32
0.71
3.33
2.04
0.95
2.90
1.81
8.33
1.27
3.55
4.17
1.33
7.94
0.59
1.27
1.06
1.71
1.61
0.83
16.13
10.80
9.00
9.82
20.77
11.52
9.95
9.63
13.33
22.97
14.43
9.42
14.19
11.45
19.90
10.24
17.68
10.55
5.51
15.71
9.67
1881 3 46
1882 1 15
1883. 3 01
1884. ? -11
1885 1.23
1886 4 09
1887 0.48
1888... . 2.67
1889.. 71
1890 6 44
1891 19
1892 65
1893 2 57
1894 3.99
1895 4.28
1896 804
1897 2 44
1898 1 14
1899 2.6''
1900 ' 2.53
Mean (21 veare) 2.62
1.48 1.88
1.10
0.45
0.13
0.00
0.01
0.21
0.92
1.56
2.62
12.98
CAL3ENTE, KERN COUNTY.
1876 [1 52]
2.02 1.66
0.47 1.08
4.47 2.69
0.34 0.33
1.51 1.09
1.54 1.91
3.30 0.73
1.76 0.82
4.98 5.00
0.00 0.45
0.66 2.62
2.76 0.07
L14 1.30
0.20 3.15
1.15 1.10
2.83 0.40
1.00 4.25
2.15 3.71
1.40 1.60
3.10 ; 1.67
0.25 3.30
4.96 2.41
0.70 1.45
0.41 3.26
0.98 U.80
0.53
1.27
3.20
1.43
3.53
0.64
1.59
2.42
2.90
3.00
2.65
2.66
0.00
0.60
0.00
1.60
0.30
0.70
0.20
0.85
1.58
0.35
0.76
0.28
1.75
T.
0.52
0.03
0.20
0.23
0.23
0.69
1.07
1.10
1.06
0.00
0.21
0.81
0.00
1.62
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.50
0.87
0.56
0.13
1.40
1.13
2.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.56
0.00
1.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.op
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.52
0.53
0.00
0.00
0.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.52
0.00
0.42
1.08
0.00
0.81
1.01
0.76
0.22
0.05
T.
0.63
0.00
1.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.20
2.31
1.02
0.90
0.00
0.25
0.00
T.
0.84
0.10
1.77
0.35
0.30
0.69
0.05
0.25
3.88
1.45
0.05
1.33
1.05
0.00
0.32
0.00
0.20
0.25
1.51
1.02
0.00
0.45
1.52
2.13
0.00
2.31
a 10
3.46
3.56
0.51
0.37
1.81
3.25
1.33
1.33
1.43
2.18
3.65
4.30
3.55
2.80
3.45
4.39
1.20,
1.93
2.02
0.68
0.64
0.00
6.25
7.57
14.82
8.85
12.64
7.68
10.45
8.81
20.98
10.06
10.30
8.22
7.83
10.59
9.94
9.42
10.60
11.31
13.14
16.79
12.53
12.02
7.21
9.22
8.51
1877. 1 08
1878 3.81
1879 20
1880 2.37
1881. J 61
1882... . 1.51
1883. 04
1884. > 00
1885. 75
1886 1 59
1887 0.38
1888 0.87
1889 59
1890 1.25
1891. 19
1892... 0.75
1893 1.00
1894 . ' 3 30
1895. 5 28
1896. ' 2 53
1897 .... 1.25
1898. ' 1 67
1899 1.73
1900. 50
Mean (25 years) 1. 49
1.76 1.88
1.39 0.63 0.12
T.
0.01 0.08
0.47
0.78
2.01
10 63
170
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
CALISTOGA, NAPA COUNTY.
[Elevation, 363 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.-
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1873
0.20
4.43
1.28
1.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.63
2.75
10.19
20.91
1874
8.55
2.57
3.48
1.55
1.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.01
7.98
0.46
29.70
1875
7.89
0.56
2.18
0.00
0.00
1.52
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.45
6.79
4.03
23.42
1876
8.53
9.08
8.73
1.67
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.36
9.05
0.48
0.00
38.10
1877
6.55
2.49
1.64
0.65
0.50
0.28
0.20
0.00
0.00
1.49
2.14
3.02
18.96
1878
20.64
16.46
4.80
0.85
0.80
0.00
0.00
T.
0.49
1.56
1.30
1.57
48.47
1879
4.40
6.72
15.70
2.37
2.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.46
5.33
7.99
45.18
1880
3.94
1.88
1.64
15.31
1.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15.83
40.15
1881
15.58
4.77
1.39
1.89
0.25
0.77
0.00
0.00
0.48
2.19
0.00
5.18
32.50
Ig82
3.81
5.53
3.84
1.65
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.71
3.57
4.70
1.42
25.40
1883
1.30
1.28
5.36
2.93
3.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.14
1.69
0.24
1.32
18.97
1884
6.57
4.42
9.78
5.98
0.42
2.06
0.00
0.00
0.19
1.83
0.05
15.08
46.38
1885
2.05
1.59
0.71
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.78
15.67
5.36
27.23
1886
9.39
T.
2.23
7.12
1.05
0.00
0.00
"o.oo
0.00
1.25
0.00
3.95
24.99
1887
2.22
11.18
1.58
2.82
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.00
1.50
4.82
24.30
1888
7.89
2.87
5.64
0.26
0.20
1.16
0.00
0.00
0.89
0.00
6.14
6.91
31.%
1889
0.96
0.72
10.87
1.23
3.91
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.85
4.10
17.67
49.31
1890
18.00
4.78
9.16
2.25
1.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
4.85
40.84
1891
1.65
13.84
1.45
3.20
1.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.47
0.30
0.75
8.56
31.92
1892
5.78
5.52
5.03
3.10
0.00
0.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.93
8.01
10.79
40.72
1893
5.35
8.37
9.91
3.21
0.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.85
0.51
6.93
4.40
40.39
1894
15.28
7.82
3.21
2.45
2.01
1.29
0.00
0.00
1.00
2.65
1.09
15.39
52.19
1896
22.46
2.72
3.33
1.77
1.81
0.00
0.30
0.00
1.45
T.
4.85
4.62
43.31
1896
14.05
0.25
4.25
8.88
2.30
0.00
0.09
0.15
0.78
2.35
7.78
9.88
50.76
1897
4.85
9.31
7.56
1.52
0.35
2.24
0.00
0.00
0.04
2.43
2.18
4.66
35.14
1898
1.52
8.99
0.14
0.81
3.81
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.80
0.39
0.86
1.59
18 97
1899
9.52
0.03
10.72
1.51
0.58
1.52
0.00
0.07
0.00
7.95
6.79
5.66
44.35
1900
6.84
0.85
5.34
3.19
0.61
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.36
7 61
4.81
35.68
Mean (28 years)
7.71
4.96
5.04
2.88
1.14
0.41
0.02
0.01
36
2.28
3.79
6.43
35.01
COLFAX, PLACER COUNTY.
1870
T8 811
5.55
5 41
3 19
25
00
00
00
00
1 21
2 58
3 94
30 94
1871
7.24
4.85
4.30
4.03
2.55
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.25
9 80
37 15
1872
10.02
13.68
4 69
3 40
61
40
00
T
T
00
3 99
10 48
47 27
1873
2.90
11.12
1.24
1.81
2.04
0.00
T.
0.00
00
00
2.27
18 84
40 22
1874
10.93
6.62
10 12
3 53
1 31
00
00
00
00
3 36
1 13 89
1 12
50 88
1875
12.32
0.19
3.23
0.20
1.90
0.00
00
00
00
95
14 84
7 10
40 73
1876
10.40
7.20
14 89
3 23
1 42
T
00
00
00
7 98
62
00
45 24
1877
9 29
1 76
4 36
1 36
1 67
57
00
T
00
95
o oo
1 76
25 10
1878
13.10
12.21
9.22
1 79
42
T
00
00
56
00
2 08
85
40 23
1879.
8 73
8 87
14 62
6 57
2 91
27
o oo
00
o oo
2 94
4 (jg
9 16
58 75
1880
4 53
6 60
2 85
21 09
4 29
00
00
00
00
T
00
1881
15 59
9 30
3 83
1 53
T
1 31
00
00
1 63
1 38
3 40
8 01
45 98
1882
9 09
7 11
6 97
3 98
1 13
13
00
00
40
1883
1.68
3 23
7 98
2 93
5 92
00
00
o oo
1 08
2 97
1 34
2 32
29 45
1884..
7 67
9 73
12 27
10 94
1 38
3 01
o oo
00
1885
2 85
1 66
68
2 2*)
00
1 18
1886
12 17
34
3 69
10 86
1 08
00
00
00
1887. .
2 99
9 24
1 51
4 92
72
00
1888
13 28
2 18
2 80
95
17
2 69
00
00
25
1889
50
90
13 90
3 00
9 14
25
00
1890
17 90
8 00
14 70
3 95
3 85
00
00
00
2 75
1891
1 95
14 60
9 60
2 45
1 70
2 60
90
1892
4.85
7 55
7 46
5 73
6 14
60
00
00
ro 531
1893
7 62
5 68
1 80
4 22
1 30
00
1894
13 43
9 76
3 63
T4 4R1
3 45
2 45
1895..
16 47
5 55
1896
23 23
93
6 36
16 15
5 39
1897....
4 15
15 86
1898
1 80
9 61
1 89
1 38
2 98
1899
9 29
87
20 73
1900
6 41
4 33
7 79
Mean 31 (years)
8 75
6 62
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
171
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
COLTOK, SAX BERXABDIXO COUXTY.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1877
1.64
T.
1.72
1 00
1 58
00
00
00
00
07
35
1 93
8 29
1878
1.94
5 16
1 38
2 99
71
00
00
00
00
24
30
1 68
14 40
1879
1.79
0.74
0.03
1 75
10
08
00
00
00
13
1 15
2.49
8 26
1880
0.99
76
1 05
> 19
00
00
00
00
00
13
27
37
7 76
1881
0.74
0.90
1 39
28
00
00
00
00
00
28
38
00
3 97
1882
2.23
1 28
1.51
1 08
00
50
50
00
o OC
50
19
30
8 09
1883..
0.52
1.72
1 00
45
75
00
00
00
o on
60
00
> 23
7 27
1884
1 00
11 38
4 05
9 85
90
32
00
25
00
25
12
3 93
<>7 05
1885
1.00
0.00
00
2 08
22
00
00
00
00
00
1 90
52
5 74
1886
2 78
40
3 54
50
00
00
00
00
00
00
80
00
1887
0.21
3 64
00
1 94
T
00
00
00
00
00
70
80
a7'29
1888
4.89
0.42
3.68
0.43
00
00
00
00
00
00
2 87
3 26
15 05
1889
0.86
88
4.47
1 02
60
00
00
T
04
1 59
1 26
7 41
18 13
1890
2.94
1.15
50
0.00
00
00
08
06
67
00
19
2.45
7 9Q
1891
00
6 48
25
80
90
00
00
00
00
00
00
87
9 30
1892
2.27
3.36
80
24
1 44
00
00
00
00
:-
90
1 45
10 94
1893
2.40
2.91
6.64
0.16
00
0.00
30
00
00
1 18
22
1 93
15 74
1894
20
55
2 00
10
50
00
00
00
45
15
00
5 70
9 65
1895 ... .. ..
6.88
1.01
2.94
1.08
1 05
00
00
00
00
00
1 16
00
14 12
1896
1.10
0.00
2.91
0.25
0.38
0.00
0.00
0.10
ro.061
2.28
0.94
Lll
9 13
1897
3. 82
3 96
2.70
00
15
85
00
00
00
> 20
TO 661
30
14 34
1898
1.48
0.23
0.80
0.10
0.34
00
00
0.00
0.00
T
T
45
3 40
1899
1 57
45
1 55
00
OG
T
00
00
00
00
1 96
55
6 08
1900
1.06
i> 00
0.95
1.59
89
00
00
00
T
32
6 47
00
11 28
Mean (24 years) ....
1 83
1 97
1.91
95
52
07
03
(f>
05
43
93
1 74
10 47
CORXIXG, TEHAMA COUXTY.
1886
5.68
0.00
141
3.45
0.58
00
00
0.00
00
30
00
2 01
13 43
1887
0.45
6 81
1 46
2.86
-
18
00
00
00
00
1 37
3 70
17 11
1888
3 64
2 09
3 20
6 19
40
79
T
00
52
00
3 34
5 87
19 54
1889
27
76
4 37
55
1 38
65
00
00
00
5 74
3 26
10 11
27 09
1890
5.10
2.28
4.56
1.25
2 34
00
00
00
78
00
00
2 26
18 57
1891
11 80
1 52
2.13
1 15
45
00
00
00
50
10
2.91
21 26
1892
3.25
1 35
2.20
1 41
1 63
05
o oo
00
00
14
9 07
2.51
21 61
1893
2.42
3.00
5.00
1.80
0.22
00
00
0.00
0.22
0.00
2 60
2.22
17 48
1894
3 90
4 30
85
40
1 30
00
00
00
fO 231
85
00
10 85
22 68
1895
14.62
2.83
3.42
0.90
20
00
00
00
FO 231
00
1 25
2 17
25 62
1896
1 40
T
3 96
3 95
1 30
00
00
42
75
75
3 08
7 40
34.00
1897
2 29
5 69
1 90
1 63
T
60
00
00
00
2 18
65
1 60
16 54
1898
20
3 20
00
T
1 28
00
00
00
38
75
72
1 05
7 58
1899 .
8 13
00
3 03
95
1 15
18
00
00
00
6 76
4 10
3 42
27 72
1900
4.61
1.34
1.60
2.84
0.76
30
00
0.00
00
4 05
3 80
2 25
21 55
Mean (15 years)
4.51
3.03
2.56
1 62
93
21
T
03
21
1 47
o 02
3 99
20.79
a Approximated.
172
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFOENIA.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
DAVISVILLE, YOLO COUNTY.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1872
4.34
1.92
0.06
0.00
0.11
T.
0.00
T.
T.
0.00
1.50
6.50
14.43
1873
1.00
2.26
0.50
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.27
9.68
14.10
1874
3.39
1.46
2.50
0.55
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.60
2.50
0.10
12.35
1875 . ..
5.75
0.00
0.38
0.00
0.10
0.75
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.16
3.86
2.60
13.60
1876
3.53
3.69
3.67
1.01
0.20
0.00
0.20
0.02
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
12.32
1877
2.84
1.12
0.50
0.12
0.32
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
0.73
0.34
1.00
6.97
1878
8.72
6.49
1.75
0.66
0.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.34
1.00
0.19
19.61
1879
2.38
2.65
3.80
1.04
1.20
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.36
1.79
2.72
16.12
1880
1.80
1.17
1.16
7.46
0.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.47
22.68
1881
3.94
2.12
1.19
1.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.23
0.28
1.65
2.38
12.92
1882
1.28
1.92
2.76
1.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.19
1.78
2.84
0.68
12.58
1883 . . .
2.20
0.71
3.19
1.00
3.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.72
0.90
0.35
0.43
12.69
1884
3.07
3.78
5.09
3.07
0.00
1.39
0.00
0.00
0.28
1.48
0.00
5.25
23.41
1885
1.32
0.14
0.10
1.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
7.87
4.56
15.26
1886
5.32
0.20
1.70
4.75
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.48
0.00
1.81
14." 31
1887
0.99
6.14
0.78
2.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.50
2.52
13.01
1888
4.23
1.10
2.80
0.30
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.65
0.00
5.06
4.20
18.84
1889
0.20
0.41
6.62
1.17
1.48
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.14
3.04
9.02
30.42
1890
6.36
3. 89
3.35
1.60
2.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.62
0.00
0.00
5.28
23.11
1891
1 10
10 55
1.45
1.68
0.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.47
2.51
18 46
1892
1.72
2.05
2.67
0.92
2.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.51
2.78
6.77
19.50
1893
3.45
4.09
4.32
0.85
1.56
00
0.00
0.00
00
0.10
2 97
2.01
19 33
1894
3.50
2.05
0.94
0.30
1.64
1.65
0.00
0.00
0.93
1.01
0.35
7.59
19 96
1895
8.47-
1.85
1.30
0.64
0.44
00
0.50
0.00
1 00
T
1 16
1 03
16 39
18%
9 24
15
2 06
5 86
71
00
00
32
98
1 02
3 74
2 23
26 31
1897
3.23
4.13
2.63
0.28
0.23
03
00
00
T
1 66
63
1 06
13 88
1898
1 11
3 07
04
24
1 15
00
00
00
25
30
46
1 58
8 20
1899 .. ..
3.82
T
5.67
T.
0.31
80
00
02
00
3 88
1 88
1 42
17 80
1900
3 55
20
96
98
40
T
00
00
00
38
4 08
94
11 49
3 51
2 38
2 20
1 39
68
18
02
01
21
87
1 76
3 33
16 55
DELANO, KERN COUNTY.
1876
1.23
1 82
82
00
00
00
00
00
00
3
00
00
4 10-
1877
55
49
1 63
1 02
23
00
00
00
00
00
36
56
1878
1 25
1 96
1 55
1 41
00
00
00
00
1879
0.18
10
07
93
06
00
00
00
00
43
1880.
55
2 97
30
2 40
20
00
00
00
00
1881
1 85
60
1 10
50
05
1882
51
1 10
83
83
50
QO
00
1883
00
40
83
50
3 ^S
1884
1 61
2 ^8
1 98
2 31
2 27
22
1886
13
00
36
1 15
03
1886
75
20
80
1 54
00
00
00
1887
20
2 63
00
1 44
68
1888
2 21
10
94
00
15
00
1889
63
06
2 10
22
16
1890
2 67
62
42
08
61
00
1891
18
1 99
57
05
1892
0.42
85
2 07
13
43
37
1893
59
1 10
2 42
4
00
1894
47
45
64
1895 ...
2 79
63
34
31
33
1896
1 25
00
84
1897
1 35
2 29
86
1898 "...
78
62
38
00
1899
68
T
1 39
1900
69
97
51
Mean (25 years)
94
97
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
173
PRECIPITATION- OP CALJFORKIA (!XCHES AND HUNDREDTH*) Continued.
DELTA.
Year. Jan.
Feb. Mar.
i
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1883 1 00
00 14.46
8.49
9 94
1884 15 57
4 55 13. 44
1885 2 91
2.53 37
2 54
67
1886 I 9 95
50 3 52
1887.. - ! 3.84
10 7 3.37
5 53
1 26
1888 10.40
4 67 1 70
00
2 45
3 30
1889 15
1 02 37 52
2.91
5 81
1890 17.18
21 11 16.50
4.78
2.33
00
1891 3. 72
13 70 2.06
ft 05
1892 555
4 01 8.34
6 31
5 22
1893 3 17
2.10 11 90
8.90
3.30
1894 14 30
3 70 2.60
o 75
3 50
1895 is. 55
7 08 7 72
1896 31 42
GO 11 81
16 7**
1897 4 66
7 13 4 63
1 30
00
2.75
1898. ! 75
13.55 00
1 35
5 85
1899 8 19
5 95 11 81
65
1 10
4.05
1900 12.25
4 60 9 45
8 59
Mean (18 vears) _ 9.09
5 95 8 96
6 01
4 01
1 59
13
01
DUXSIGAX, yOLO COtrXTY.
1877 2.19
86
31
00
1
00
T
1838. 10 50
6 28
1 94
44
52
1879 2. 35
2.10
4 39
1 22
86
15
00
1880 70
88
--
6 06
1881.. . . 5 67
1 45
67
1 23
20
1882 1 00
2.04
2 33
1 23
00
12
00
00
1883. 2.05
35
3 65
72
4 67
00
1884 2.36
3 21
5 78
2 78
T
o 59
00
1885 1 66
32
13
1 10
00
1886 ".. . 8 37
T
1 69
3 61
18
00
00
00
1887 97
6 93
1 13
o 4j
00
M8R. 4 18
1 03
3 39
00
1 6
00
00
1889 27
60
6 17
1 49
28
1890. . 7 22
3 62
3.90
1 16
1 91
00
1891 0.59
9 60
66
9 09
1 75
00
00
00
1892. o 66
-.
87
00
1893 346
3 64
4.64
94
69
00
00
1S94 5 78
9 05
93
48
1 78
1895. 10 38
76
1 23
1 46
30
00
04
1896 15. 13
11
-
5 45
79
00
04
37
1897. 3 90
4 99
1 52
42
26
35
T
1896. 2 03
3 24
25
14
1 67
09
00
00
1899 7.00
T
4 29
30
44
61
00
00
00 3 33
1900 4 15
10
2.10
1 48
*
00
00
00
Mean (24 vears) 4 36
2 35
2.40
1 54
94
20
T
174
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
DUNSMUIR, SISKIYOU COUNTY.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1889
1.30
0.33
4.39
2.43
7.06
1.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
20.15
11.65
20.57
69.00
1890
23.60
16.50
11.85
11.85
2.15
0.40
0.00
0.05
0.90
0.00
0.00
8.05
75.60
1891
0.55
2.59
2.70
4.95
3.07
2.88
0.67
0.07
1.52
2.13
2.32
9.65
33.10
1892
2.41
3.31
5.30
5.48
3.96
1.22
0.35
0.00
0.05
2.68
7.47
14.03
46.26
1893 - ..
3.65
6.40
13.30
8.75
4.06
0.00
0.20
0.00
3.27
1.15
11.35
5.08
57.21
1894
17.53
7.60
6.05
1.70
4.35
2.10
0.00
0.20
0.20
9.65
2.90
29.30
81.58
1895
15.30
6.50
8.15
2.55
4.40
0.00
1.55
0.00
5.75
0.05
1.40
4.39
50.09
18%
22.25
1.54
10.23
11.43
6.22
0.17
0.34
0.00
1.46
0.00
11.07
13.94
78.65
1897
4.08
10.63
6.33
1.02
0.14
2.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.78
4.34
4.98
36.65
1898
9.76
10.62
0.00
1.20
4.20
1.50
0.00
0.00
0.53
1.71
2.98
11.43
43.93
1899 .-- . .
6.80
0.50
10.31
0.48
1.60
1.90
0.00
0.90
T.
7.10
15.29
7.40
52.28
1900
9.93
3.32
6.27
4.85
3.18
0.90
0.00
T.
1.20
6.13
7.16
8.29
51.23
9.76
5.82
7.07
4.72
3.72
1.21
0.26
0.10
1.24
4.46
6.49
11.43
56.30
ELDORADO, ELDORADO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 1,609 feet.]
1889
0.31
0.38
8.41
1.60
7.50
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.46
6.32
14.94
47.04
1890
12.48
5.74
10.09
3.00
3.45
0.00
0.00
1.77
0.10
0.00
5.48
42.11
1891...
1.07
6.93
6.71
3.52
0.93
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.85
1.08
9.09
31. 2J
1892 . . ..
3.48
5.75
7.24
3.61
4.91
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.08
2.04
7.80
10.33
45.39
1893
5.40
2.56
8.02
3.13
1.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.14
0.65
4.58
4.26
31.25
1894
8.74
11.90
2.25
1.63
3.98
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.67
3.52
1.05
14.37
49.11
1895
13.80
4.18
3.94
4.06
2.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.41
0.00
0.78
3.79
34.30
1896
13.82
0.15
7.80
9.56
2.59
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.41
1.00
9.49
3.62
48.47
1897
3.51
4.50
7.63
1.65
0.23
0.55
0.00
0.00
0.17
2 54
2.21
2.88
25.87
1898
1 43
6 19
86
53
2 67
60
0.00
00
0.37
0.95
2.45
2.70
18.75
1899
4.60
0.57
13.10
1.02
1.80
1.57
0.00
0.06
0.00
7.18
6.19
6.73
42.82
1900
3 87
1 99
5 15
3 40
1 70
00
00
00
0.10
3 26
811
2 23
29.81
6 04
4 24
6 77
3 06
2 80
41
00
01
52
2 46
4.17
6 70
37.18
ELMIRA, SOLANO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 75 feet.]
1886
8 01
00
1 35
4 22
14
00
00
00
00
38
00
1,
o 72 ig 82
1887
1.01
7.10
, 0.55
2.06
00
00
00
00
00
00
76
3 41 ' 14 39
1888 . .
4.81
1 49
3 92
T
45
19
00
00
08
00
28
4 47 15 69
1889
32
88
6 32
59
1 67
15
00
00
00
6 54
9 96 9 6 63
1890
8.68
4.08
5 26
1 05
1 86
00
00
00
35
00
00
3 74 25 0*'
1891
75
8 87
1 65
1 72
60
00
00
00
35
00
27
4 92 19 OS
1892
2 81
4 04
1 94
1 77
2 82
00
1893
4.71
2 85
4 40
90
76
00
00
00
16
18
3 02
1 76 18 74
1894
8 12
4 20
97
57
1 08
63
00
3 17
1895
11.61
3 11
1 60
1 57
68
00
00
00
87
04
2 38
1 91 ' 23 67
1896
16 16
31
4 63
7 68
87
00
00
1897
3 72
7 15
4 52
39
00
1898
93
3 33
19
46
1 33
00
00
1899
5 33
00
7 60
58
03
1900
3 36
43
1 91
1 18
Mean (15 years)
5.36
3 19
3 11
1 65
85
16
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
175
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
FALLBROOK, SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 700 feet.]
Year.
- Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
NOT.
Dec.
Annual.
1876 f ...
6.17
3.78
2.77
15
61
00
15
00
20
23
07
08
1877.
3.41
59
2 28
55
1 11
00
00
T
00
59
58
1878
3.19
8.01
2 08
4 63
1 41
33
00
T
00
32
25
1 64
1879.
3 21
90
29
83
03
23
00
05
00
42
3 61
1880
1 46
1 86
2 12
4.99
05
02
03
26
in 111
TO 741
1881.
13 511
73
93
67
00
00
00
00
00
57
L<f.J
1882
2.65
4.02
2.42
1 64
09
26
T
12
03
70
1 01
33
1883
3.46
2 68
1 89
1 23
1 87
00
00
00
00
2.96
1884
3 56
15 36
10 90
3 13
1 0**
52
00
1885
92
13
29
2.60
29
11
00
02
00
00
1886
9.76
1 13
4 70
3 43
00
14
T
11
12
04
1 95
1887
28
5 65
05
2 02
24
06
05
00
20
1888
3 89
2 55
5 88
28
si
02
03
00
00
80
3 48
1889
1 49
2 35
7 97
63
47
0.11
00
07
1890
5 14
2 22
80
09
30
02
oo
26
49
00
58
1891
0.40
11 93
56
1 35
89
00
02
00
13
02
01
1892
1 10
4 59
2.71
62
1 46
19
00
00
00
32
1893
3 40
3 72
8.06
49
29
00
13
00
06
86
1894
87
1 10
1 36
08
31
00
04
18
38
1895
12 52
1 59
2.14
61
24
00
00
00
go
06
1 46
1896
3 45
T
3 44
26
13
00
05
05
1897
4 20
6 61
4.37
06
21
00
01
T
T
2.82
1898
2.65
071
1 48
46
2.23
07
T
T
T
00
02
1899
3 51
66
2 23
16
18
90
00
03
00
1 25
1900
3.26
29
76
1 00
1 76
T
00
00
06
23
5 06
00
Mean (25 years)
3 50
3 33
98
1 28
64
1
02
05
11
74
1 49
FARMINGTON, SAN JOAQUIN COUNTY.
[Elevation, 111 feet.]
1877
5.71
5.07
0.86
1.25
0.29
0.04
00
00
00
19
90
1 62
15 93
1878
6 43
4.91
3.05
63
00
00
00
00
T
55
51
41
1879..
2.73
2.81
3 15
1.99
1 01
30
00
00
00
70
86
2.25
15 80
1880
1.63
1.80
1.08
7.31
1.31
0.00
0.00
00
00
T
40
6 04
19 57
1881
2.40
2.78
1 30
18
00
10
00
00
17
44
55
1 go
9 54
1882
2.10
2.35
3.05
2.55
0.13
0.13
00
00
30
2 23
1 90
1 51
16 25
1883
2.70
78
2 90
1 42
3 06
0.00
00
00
o 76
1 66
79
73
1884
1.44
5.04
6.53
4.72
0.35
1.32
00
00
09
1 15
00
6 21
26 85
1885
1 03
00
16
46
00
17
00
T
T
00
6 95
1 37
1886.
4.60
0.41
1.87
5.01
0.19
0.00
00
00
00
27
. - ,
1 37
14.61
1887
0.36
3.37
0.29
2.89
0.00
T.
0.00
00
39
T
20
. .
9 82
1888
3.82
0.15
3.52
0.07
0.92
00
T
00
66
00
2.93
1 75
13 82
1889
0.30
0.70
3.07
0.20
1.88
T.
00
00
00
-
3 22
8 00
20 19
1890
4 63
1.87
1.78
1.87
1 14
00
00
00
63
00
00
1 96
13 38
1891..
0.43
6.*35
4.04
1.65
0.40
0.00
00
00
00
08
24
4 01
17 20
1892
0.97
2.20
2.88
1.23
2.59
0.18
0.00
P. 00
18
69
2.38
6 70
20 00
1893
3.27
2.41
6.16
0.92
0.40
0.00
00
00
46
00
2 19
1 65
17 46
1894
5 17
5 17
0.13
0.50
-
68
00
00
75
1 51
72
7 74
1895
6.01
2.29
1.46
0.53
0.45
0.00
0.00
00
03
19
1 49
L26
13 71
1896
6.20
0.27
1.89
4.13
0.55
0.00
0.00
00
00
1 40
3 7
1 77
19 93
1897
3.09
5.03
2.92
0.42
0.30
0.00
00
00
00
1 69
74
-
l r > V7
1898
0.76
2.02
0.97
0.20
1.54
0.00
0.00
00
58
66
80
1 53
9 06
1899
3 00
0.14
5.33
0.78
1.07
0.10
00
10
00
3 77
3 08
2 33
19 70
1900
1.75
0.40
1.28
3.77
1.S6
0.00
0.00
00
T
1 44
5 62
1 01
16 83
Mean (24 vears)
2 94
2 43
i 49
1 84
91
13
T
T
21
89
1 71
2 77
176
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
FERNANDO, LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
[Elevation, 1,066 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept,
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1878
4.15
6.89
2.08
2.55
0.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.09
1.20
17.48
1879
3.97
0.86
0.18
1.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.33
2.15
6.29
15. 19
1880
0.94
2.00
1.14
2.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.86
4.72
12.63
1881
1.28
0.34
1.75
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.95
0.16
0.32
5.30
1882
0.62
1.70
3.21
1.56
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.28
0.68
0.00
8.15
1883
1.32
3.17
1.30
0.13
2.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.70
0.00
2.76
11.50
1884
3.00
10.60
10.51
3.48
1.05
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.42
1.00
4.%
37.02
1885
0.90
0.00
T.
1.48
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.94
1.17
11.70
1886
6.70
T.
3.36
3.39
0.00
0.00
0.19
T.
0.00
0.78
0.87
0.24
15.53
1887
0.21
8.54
0.27
2.52
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
[0.04]
0.22
0.90
1.41
14.11
1888
5.09
1.39
3.40
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.36
3.24
5.40
19.32
1889
0.09
0.63
8.95
0.56
0.43
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.32
6.17
1.60
14.40
33.21
1890
5.40
2.72
0.53
0.05
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.36
0.00
0.18
1.61
10.95
1891
0.30
6.32
1.23
0.96
0.98
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.00
1.03
10.94
1892
0.57
2.53
2.65
0.21
1.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
1.48
4.40
13.92
1893
2.63
3.67
6.93
0.56
O.OH
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.61
0.05
2.23
16. 76
1894
0.59
0.61
0.75
0.24
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
5.82
8.35
1895
7.62
0.54
3.72
0.55
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.90
0.61
14.43
1896
2.42
0.05
3.32
0.29
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.33
0.00
1.48
0.96
2.12
11.12
1897 . . .
5.39
5.58
2.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.66
0.00
0.00
15.51
1898
1.42
0.57
0.86
0.10
1.42
0.00
0.17
0.00
0.10
0.25
0.00
0.20
5.09
1899
1.29
0.00
1.45
0.00
T.
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.65
0.82
1.04
6.93
1900
1.31
0.00
1.45
0.25
1.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.14
6.19
0.00
11.21
Mean (23 vears) . . ..
2.49
2.56
2.69
1.05
0.44
0.12
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.73
1.31
2.69
14.19
FOLSOM, SACRAMENTO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 252 feet.]
1872
5.50
4.72
1.60
0.63
0.75
T.
0.00
T.
T.
0.25
2.80
6.53
22. 78
1873
1.64
4.05
0.34
0.05
0.03
0.00
0.01
T.
T.
T.
1.39
10.51
18.02
1874 . ...
5.26
2.63
1.82
2.03
O.S1
T.
T.
0.00
T.
1.66
5.19
0.13
19. ft3
1875
6 14
0.04
1.24
T.
0.07
1.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.26
7.12
4.49
20. 59
1876
5.89
4.06
6.62
1.56
0.24
T.
0.26
0.03
0.00
3.76
0.25
0.00
22.67
1877
3.38
0.68
0.81
T.
1.02
T.
T.
T.
0.00
0.75
0.54
1.34
8.52
1878
8 41
8.37
4.23
1 10
26
0.00
0.00
T
0.12
0.43
0.62
0.56
24. 10
1879
4.87
4.91
5.43
3.38
1.44
0.12
0.00
T
0.00
1.21
2.20
3.19
26. 78
1880
1.51
2 13
1.40
11 39
2 06
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
T.
0.10
9.85
28.44
1881
6.70
6.07
1.38
1.13
T
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.40
1.21
1.57
3.45
22.59
1882
2.38
3.01
3.82
2.51
0.27
0.06
T.
0.00
0.68
2.81
3.95
0.74
20. 53
1883
2 11
80
5 46
1 10
4 67
00
00
0.00
1.82
1.41
0.81
0.92
19.00
1884
\3.88
5.92
8.14
5.32
1.16
1.64
0.00
T.
1.64
2.02
0.00
6.13
34.85
1885 . .
1.91
0.84
15
1 68
T
0.21
02
T
0.21
T.
10.91
4.88
20.81
1886
7 60
90
3 16
6 78
29
00
00
00
CO
1 34
0.55
3.35
23.97
1887..'.
1.27
9.21
1.30
2 84
03
22
00
T.
0.38
0.00
0.59
4.82
20.66
1888
5 83
84
3 08
12
35
27
02
01
57
00
3.71
4.32
19. 12
1889
0.32
0.68
7.07
0.61
2 89
0.23
00
0.00
0.00
5.70
4.85
9.41
31.76
1890
7.67
5.26
5 68
2 08
2 66
00
00
00
1 13
06
0.00
4.25
28.78
1891
0.60
4.56
5.29
2.22
1 58
0.46
10
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.78
4.98
20. 77
1892
2.56
3.03
4 17
1 85
3 91
07
00
T
14
1 31
6 82
5.11
28.97
1893
4 42
2 93
6 93
2 00
" 72
00
T
00
43
23
3 94
2 60
24.10
1894
5 89
6 40
1 13
51
2 81
99
Qi
03
56
2 76
89
11 74
33 72
1895
11.24
2.59
2 63
2 05
1 43
00
T
T
1 43
09
2 06
1 73
25.15
1896
9 11
41
4 02
6 44
1 57
00
00
64
35
90
6 55
1 77
31 80
1897
4 57
7 95
5 26
74
51
03
CO
09
10
2 44
1 02
1 90
24 61
1898
83
3 90
22
54
1 35
30
00
T
'*4
85
1 54
'' 47
12 24
1899
4 88
07
7 13
82
1 17
21
00
06
00
5 74
5 45
[4 181
29 71
1900
4.76
0.91
2 27
2 82
1 66
T
T
00
28
2 17
3 99
1 67
20 53
4 52
3 38
3 51
2 22
1 23
23
01
03
33
1 36
2 77
4 03
23 61
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
177
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUJJDREDTHS) Continued.
FORT ROSS, SONOMA COUNTY.
[Elevation. 100 feet.]
Year. j Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nor.
Dec,
Annual.
1875. . . 9 15
69
3.41
3.11
o oo
45
1 90
1876 9 75
9 31
14 44
** 21
1 16
1877 9 00
5 49
3 95
18
80
78
20
1878 33. 29
9 65
13 8a
3 14
00
00
00
00
1879 7 78
11 33
18 43
5
2 04
00
1880 6 85
3 53
4 05
16 59
3 13
00
00
00
1881 1999
13.88
JO.OO
2.97
2.51
94
1 83
00
00
75
3 10
93
1<<82.. 6 56
' 11 78
3 01
4 04
o 84
13
00
00
1883 657
1 40
9 67
3 25
6 50
00
00
00
32
1884. 7 16
7.44
10 76
11 79
80
4 40
00
00
80
1 85
1 85
19 17
1885 5. 31
3 58
1 45
00
<S
1886 14.62
25
'3.56
8 94
2.04
u.
00
00
00
00
1 86
26
1887 2.61
8 35
1 72
3.48
17
12
00
00
1888. 10 79
2.55
4 61
00
90
2.49
22
00
58
00
4 95
1W>... 97
1.77
8 35
1 54
3 17
20
00
1890 12.44
3 75
9 87
3 44
1 51
13
00
00
19
1891. 94
12 06
2. 11
5 64
1 43
*"
1 07
1 30
1892<i
I. VI
1893 7 19
7 89
15.52
5 22
1 01
00
1894 18.66
6 70
4 25
*> 37
3 01
1 86
00
00
1895. 28.50
6 02
6 57
2 60
3 84
00
1 31
00
3 93
5 34
1896. . 24 04
1 38
5.27
6 58
3 64
00
00
1897 4.74
11 49
10 95
78
86
2.27
00
CO
1 05
4 25
1898 ' 2.01
12 94
40
57
7 6i
63
00
00
2.98
1 8
2 74
1899 ! 20 83
85
16 11
95
3 9**
04
00
00
1900 844
4 39
6 01
5 61
1 35
44
00
00
11
7 11
6 00
*
Mean (25 vears) ..
7.14
7.25
3.95
2.04
0.75
0.12
o.cr>
KS
3 T>
5 tV4
X fifi
=* 71
FRfTO, GLENN COUNTY.
[Elevation, 624 feet.]
1889 82
1 42
6 38
92 ' L33
40 00
00
00
- x
1890* 7 58
1 94
3.28
0.81 2,11
21 00
1891.. 43
9 35
52
3 42 - 1 22
63 00
00
15
00
1892 ? 00
3.53
1 89 4.06
25 00
00
00
50
5 80 6 80
27 53
1893.- 2.70
3 80
6 40
1 00 80
00 0.00
00
**'
00
1894 5 35
1 40
38
50 1 70
95 00
00
65
80
55 9 75
22.03
1895. 9 90
1 90
1 80
l.WI
1 25 85
00 05
00
1 05
00
1896. 10 93
12
NO
4 40 1 23
65
1 30
1 IT
1 95 6.75
29 28
1897 1.95
4 95
1 55
1 10 20
1 10 00
00
00
1 03
13 39
HWft -v>
2.68
05
60 1 90
00 00
00
50
50
7 95
1899. . 7 48
00
3.95
75 75
35 00
0.00
00
2 10
3 72 2.68
21 78
1900 " 4 20
45
1.50
1.70 1.80
20 00
00
00
1 90
2.80 2.45
17 00
Meau (.12 years t 4 49
2 63
2.44
1 53 1.50
34 T
05
40
1 40
1 **"' 4 23
20 93
1
i
a Data missing.
1176 Bull. L 03-
178
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OP CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
GALT, SACRAMENTO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 49 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1878
5.62
5.55
3.67
0.89
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.27
0.60
0.63
17.38
1879
2.74
3.31
S.OO
1.42
1.40
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.80
1.71
2.51
16.99
IggO
1.12
1.39
1.29
7.31
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
6.35
17.73
1881
4.43
2.57
0.50
1.75
0.00
0.33
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.39
0.93
2.39
13.53
1882
1.35
1.83
3.77
1.87
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
2.17
2.24
0.25
13.68
1883
2.35
0.21
3.15
0.81
4.83
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.62
1.55
0.75
0.85
15.12
1884
1.70
4.09
5.46
2.09
0.58
1.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.31
0.00
6.06
22.65
1885
1.30
0.12
0.00
0.82
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.56
2.33
10.13
1886
6.04
0.00
2.69
3.58
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.92
0.85
1.76
15.99
1887
0.61
5.35
1.11
2.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.38
3.27
13.43
1888
3.97
0.46
3.14
0.40
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.92
0.00
3.87
3.14
16.29
1889
0.20
0.48
5.36
0.05
2.04
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.46
3.77
7.64
25.08
1890
6.83
3.31
2.76
1.90
1.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.83
0.00
0.00
3.08
20.64
1891 1
4.31
4.36
2.78
1.43
0.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.32
4.32
18'. 08
1892
0.71
1.78
3.76
1.10
3.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
1.78
5.37
7.96
25.61
1893
3.42
2.89
4.49
2.18
0.62
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.00
3.52
1.49
18.77
1894
4.02
5.93
0.66
0.61
3.60
0.63
0.00
0.00
1.32
1.11
0.70
9.29
27.87
1895
9.09
3.00
1.66
1.29
0.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.24
1.39
1.47
19.89
1896
10.72
0.02
2.69
5.09
0.91
0.00
0.00
0.32
T.
0.74
4.24
2.46
27.19
1897
2.74
5.87
4.55
0.27
0.27
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.17
1.85
0.49
1.17
17.43
1898
0.72
2.18
[0. 15]
[0.30]
[0.60]
[0.05]
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.30
1.15
2.35
8.00
1899
3.50
0.00
8.00
T.
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.44
2.90
2.60
21.74
1900
2.40
0.50
1.30
1.60
2.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.30
4.22
1.20
14.72
Mean (23 vears)
3.47
- 2.40
2.87
1.71
1.06
0.11
0.00
0.01
0.26
1.07
1.95
3.23
18.17
GEORGETOWN, ELDORADO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 2,650 feet.J
1873 .
4.08
13.05
3.05
3.11
0.12
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.61
0.55
16.60
41.20
1874
16.66
8.03
13.87
5.80
1.32
1.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.86
14.60
1.24
65.58
1875
17.87
0.04
5.07
0.31
2.03
2.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.90
24.10
10.85
64.25
1876 ....
13.09
9.97
14.54
4.78
1.22
0.00
0.77
0.00
0.00
11.47
0.80
0.00
56.64
1877
12.44
2.14
7.78
1.74
3.87
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.03
4.30
1.97
35.51
1878
16.21
22.78
10.92
2.99
0.99
0.12
0.00
o.oo
0.66
2.56
2.66
0.48
60.37
1879
11.24
12.41
17.57
9.65
3.39
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.85
6.25
11.73
76.43
1880
5 47
6 00
5.50
25 63
5.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.37
22.67
71.79
1881
20.83
12.85
3.84
2.40
0.40
2.28
0.00
0.00
2.02
4.23
3.30
10.32
62.47
1882
8.59
6.88
10.44
7.11
2.06
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.16
7.75
7.00
3.31
52. 48
1883
4.70
3.08
8.73
3.87
7.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.60
4.10
1.94
3.50
38.86
1884
7.53
13.80
19.94
15.07
1.52
3.65
0.00
0.01
0.80
3.54
0.03
33.73
99.62
1885
4 37
82
24
3 98
19
2 28
03
0.00
1.16
0.00
20.77
7.03
40.87
1886
18.32
1.16
7.75
15.04
1.76
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.43
1.79
6.90
56.21
1887
3 36
15 79
2.40
6 54
93
18
00
00
0.53
0.00
1.44
7.66
38.83
1888
12 59
2 79
5 47
1 05
38
1 66
04
00
41
00
4.67
7.99
36.95
1889 . .
0.66
0.68
12 29
2 77
7 07
25
00
00
0.00
10.45
9.70
22.94
66.81
1890
19 90
8 96
14 70
3 86
4 66
10
00
00
3 00
00
0.00
7.65
62.83
1891
06
10 39
10 00
3 79
2 71
2 22
42
00
17
1 80
1 59
3 74
36 89
1892...
5.48
8-44
7 90
7 47
7 58
38
T
00
57
3 11
33 31
15.76
70.00
1893
8 44
8 20
17 69
6 34
1 51
00
T
T
2 06
1 60
10 94
7 19
63 97
1894
13.89
16 25
4.74
2 40
5.25
1 61
20
1 26
6.22
1.53
20 93
74.28
1895
20 52
7 69
4 67
4 77
4 30
00
03
07
2 64
20
2 18
7 27
54 34
1896
19.55
0.77
11.28
16.51
4 81
00
20
10
83
1 76
17.18
6.37
79.36
1897
4 83
18 26
13 65
2 40
[4 361
1 00
00
04
30
4 25
4 09
5 57
58.75
1898 . .
2 13
8 83
1 80
92
2 78
1 23
00
T
53
2 22
4 34
3 35
28.13
1899
8 59
61
21 39
1 60
2 32
1 61
00
14
00
9 87
10 33
11 91
68 37
1900
5.07
4 29
6 65
5 46
1 88
13
08
00
1 00
5 49
[6 201
4 16
40 41
Mean (28 years)
10.23
8 00
9 42
5 98
2 95
9 1 '
09
02
70
3 41
6 28
9 39
57.22
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
179
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
ISDIO, RIVERSIDE COUNTY.
[Elevation, -20 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May,
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept
=
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1878
0.10
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
000
00
1 00
1 10
1879
60
30
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1880
0.00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
70
TO
1881
3 45
00
50
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1882
1 50
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1 00
00
2 50
1883
80
1 13
11
oo
00
00
00
00
00
Ofi
1884
00
3 16
62
44
46
00
00
00
00
00
00
70
5 38
1885
00
00
00
10
00
00
00
00
00
1886
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
12
1887...
00
93
00
30
00
00
00
T
05
188*
75
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1 10
1889
57
00
1 05
00
00
00
00
95
1890
65
06
00
00
00
00
00
10
20
00
1891
00
1 90
00
00
00
00
00
1892
2 00
43
22
04
34
00
00
00
00
1893
0.03
00
1 60
00
00
00
05
75
07
00
T
1894.
00
00
00
00
00
00
T
00
1895
6.01
00
00
00
00
T
00
00
00
00
1896
92
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1897
1.10
19
00
00
00
00
00
00
2.10
00
1898
10
00
30
00
00
00
00
1899
40
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
10
00
1900
1 00
00
30
15
T
00
00
87
35
"0
04
03
T
T
IONE, AMADOR COUNTY.
[Elevation, 287 feet.]
1878..
5 28
7 02
3 33
1 10
19
U.13
00
1879
2.82
3 76
3 88
2.99
1 69
15
00
00
1880..
1 33
2 39
1 60
7 39
1 60
00
1881
3.45
3 07
1 34
1 97
00
33
00
1882.. .
2 87
-
5 10
3 00
27
04
1883
2 57
80
3 57
0.0*
1 91
3 04
00
00
1884
*>.81
6.13
7 87
6 51
39
2 03
00
00
20
1885
1 74
00
10
1 55
00
43
00
1886
5 15
07
'2 40
6 06
84
00
1887
83
7 26
t.m
1 55
1 44
10
00
00
1888
4 60
1 16
70
22
00
1889 ..
12
30
5 33
25
- -.-
T
00
1890
4 94
3.75
4.87
2 50
2.05
00
00
00
1891.
40
2.30
4 14
2 11
20
30
1892
2 00
2.85
4 45
1 40
07
00
1893.
3 30
1 22
5 70
23
39
00
1894
4 44
6 03
35
51
3 39
46
00
1895.
rs oo]
2 49
50
3 36
1 88
00
189G
5 49
14
4 06
3 76
2.89
00
00
1897
2 79
7 10
5 74
91
42
26
1898
68
3 30
12
41
1 71
oo
00
1899
3 29
22
9 00
05
23
1 78
1900
2 26
56
3 00
2.81
1 09
12
00
1
Mean 1,23 vearsi
2 77
3 44
'* 30
1 22
26
00
180
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OP CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTIIS) Continued.
IOWA HILL, PLACER COUNTY.
[Elevation 2,825 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1879
12.50
12.50
18.25
7.87
3.25
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.50
3.63
1 13.35
75.10
1880
5.00
6.10
7.88
18.87
6.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.75
0.75
20.80
66.40
1881
20.75
10.50
4.62
3.15
0.13
2.12
0.00
0.00
2.50
4.25
3.90
10.56
62. 48
1882
8.92
6.80
10.43
7.59
1.55
0.73
0.00
0.00
0.35
8.50
6.63
2.69
54.13
1883
4.37
4.24
10.63
3.67
7.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.75
4.54
2.02
3.75
41.19
1884
8.05
11.26
16.50
13.22
1.60
2.52
0.00
0.00
1.60
2.43
0.00
24.22
81.40
1885 : .
3.03
1.48
0.68
2.93
0.05
1.60
0.00
0.00
1.20
0.00
15.82
6.14
32.93
1886
10.89
0.68
6.46
12.19
1.87
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
2.28
0.80
5.75
40.92
1887
3.61
15.61
2.23
6.55
0.78
0.00
'o.oo
0.05
0.48
0.00
0.95
6.52
36.78
1888
11.73
2.41
4.59
1.47
1.14
2.60
0.06
T.
0.35
0.00
3.78
8.14
36.27
1889
0.58
0.71
12.12
4.20
8.26
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.20
8.49
21.04
64.82
1890
20.87
10.74
14. 12
3.02
3.48
U08
0.00
T.
2. 29
0.35
0.00
7.34
62.29
1891
1.96
10.52
8.28
3.55
2.03
2.13
0.83
0.00
0.30
0.98
1.51
11.64
43.73
1892
4.01
5.36
7.11
6.02
6.57
0.41
0.00
0.00
0.51
2.51
8.21
11.88
52.59
1893
6.91
5.80
12.94
6.69
1.44
0.00
T.
0.00
1.81
1.35
8.30
5.37
50.61
1894
11.07
12.25
4.20
2.10
4.03
1.64
T.
0.51
0.78
4.06
1.48
17.57
59.69
1895
18.64
5.57
4.60
3.93
3.92
0.00
0.03
0.27
2.91
0.17
1.61
5.87
47. 52
1896
17.77
0.70
10.93
14.01
4.58
0.00
O.H
0.06
1.00
0.49
13.42
5.13
68.20
1897 - -..
3.44
15.83
11.33
2.15
0.15
1.32
0.00
0.00
0.45
3.09
3.49
5.31
16.56
1898
2.04
8.10
1.68
0.99
2.8S
1.49
T.
0.00
0.44
1.87
4.03
2.84
26.31
1899
6.93
0.83
18.06
1.15
2.41
1.15
0.00
0.32
0.00
9.18
9.08
8.15
57. 26
1900
4.43
3.39
6.40
4.59
2.59
0.10
0.05
0.00
0.99
5.67
9.65
3.16
41.02
Mean (22 vears) .
8.57
6.88
8.82
5.91
3.01
0.83
0. 05
0.06
0.83
3.74
4.89
9.42
5.'. 15
IRVINE, ORANGE COUNTY.
1877
2.14
0.23
1.18
0.60
1.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.17
4.11
9. 4.">
1878
2.51
6.53
2.19
2.55
1.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.00
1.35
16.88
1879
1.99
0.82
0.54
0.84
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.44
3.67
4.C8
12.98
1880
93
1.66
1.32
3.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.55
0.25
4.87
13.46
1881
1.85
0.30
1.27
0.40
0.00
0.00
o.ou
o.oo
O.OD
0.59
0.45
0.13
4.99
1882
1.37
1 91
2.23
0.84
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.71
0.90
0.17
8.35
1883
0.85
1.12
1.19
0.56
2.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.91
0.00
2.58
9.27
1884
4.46
12.13
9.33
1. 56
1.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.33
0.96
4.97
35.42
1885
34
00
55
2 46
00
00
00
0.00
0.00
32
3.09
1.08
7 84
1886
6.37
1.13
2.34
2.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.60
0.31
12.90
1887
40
5 23
32
1 63
0.62
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1 07
1 78
10 95
1888
5.59
1.11
7.78
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.90
2.28
5.31
23.17
1889 ... .
0.45
1 25
4 33
30
60
00
00
12
0.00
1 39
2 32
11.86
22 62
1890
4 33
1 19
1 00
00
00
00
00
00
54
00
15
2 44
9 65
1891
0.21
9 34
0.70
0.88
50
00
00
00
00
00
00
2.95
14 58
1892
99
2 46
2 40
7J
2 63
00
00
00
00
17
1 33
1 67
12 35
1893
3.84
2.34
8.37
38
00
00
00
00
00
1 46
30
2 27
18.96
1894
94
43
61
14
27
00
00
00
24
09
00
5 32
8 04
1895
7.08
1.07
2.65
47
08
00
00
00
00
00
1 73
51
13 59
1896
3.44
3 76
00
03
00
00
00
00
00
1 04
1 16
1 74
11 17
1897
3 64
3 92
> 85
05
11
o oo
00
00
20
1 21
07
03
I 9 08
1898
2.07
0.14
81
44
85
00
o oo
00
00
00
00
06
4 37
1899
3 82
55
1 35
23
T
63
o oo
T
12
1 14
54
68
9 06
1900
2 19
T
43
1 09
1 07
03
00
00
5 14
00
10 l r >
2 58
2 44
2 34
93
54
03
T
2 54
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
181
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HrsDREDTHs) Continued.
KEELER. IXYO COfXTY.
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar. Apr.
May. June.
July.
Aug. Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
>
1MB. 0.00
0.00
0.12 0.82
|
0.00 0.08
0.00
0.11 0.00
0.25
0.65
0.36
2.39
1886 0.49
0.14
0.60 0.40
0.00 0.00
0.14
0.08 0.00
0.01
0.08
0.00
1.94
1887 T
0.93
0.00 ' 1.14
0.04 T.
0.52
0.00 1.C8
0.84,
0.01
0.48
5.04
1888 0.70
1.21
0.30 ' 0.12
0.30 0.20
0.17
0.10 ! 0.06
0.00
1.68
0.82
5.66
1889 04
T
52 12
O.C6 0.01
0.00
T. I 0.08
0.56
0.05
0.56
2.00
1890 0.42
0.01
T. j 0.10
0.20 0.00
0.00
1.30 0.40
0.03
0.12
0.16
3.74
1891 00
98
16 0.10
0.37 0.30
0.06
0.02 0.19
0.04
0.00
0.31
2.53
1892 0.26
0.19
0.32 i 0.00
0.56 T.
0.00
T. T.
0.81
0.11
0.54
2.79
1893 0.71
0.73
0.84 ! T.
T. 0.00
0.41
T.I T.
T.
0.12
0.78
3.59
1894 T.
0.29
0.01 T.
T. T.
0.11
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
1.05
1.46
00
00
T
1 75
18% 0.45
00
T. ' T
0. 15 T.
0.25
1.42 0.50
T.
0.00
0.25
3.02
1897. 10
0.27
0.13 1 0.00
T. 0.00
0.00
0.19 0.14
0.15
T.
T.
0.98
1898 00
00
00 0.05
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 T.
0.00
T.
0.30
0.35
1899 0.40
[0.45]
0.00 | 0.01
T. 0.50
T.
T. 0.00
T.
1.75
T.
3.21
1900 T
CO
16 i 1 25
23 T
0.10
T. ' 0.35
0.09
0.45
0.00
2.63
Mean (16 years) 25
38
20 1 27
12 07
11
0.20 0.18
0.17
0.31
o.as
2.76
" Southern Pacific Railway Company.
KENNEDY GOLD MINE, AMADOR COUNTY.
1892
2.25
4 61
6.60
3.63
4.94
0.73
0.00
0.00
0.38
1.76
7.38
6.99
39.27
1893
5.81
4.91
12.04
3.10
1.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.05
T.
5.98
4.81
38.93
1894
9.31
11.86
2.23
1.48
5.64
1.89
0.00
0.00
1.30
3.69
1.40
16.44
55.25
1895
13.11
5.39
4.48
5.08
3.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.71
0.19
0.90
3.62
37.06
1896
11.80
0.80
4.80
11.20
2.27
0.00
0.25
T.
0.29
1.17
10.71
4.55
47.8*
1897
6.00
13.06
7.02
1.51
0.45
1.06
0.00
0.15
0.37
3.68
2.50
3.26
39.06
1898
1.71
6.05
0.88
1.18
> 34
0.30
0.00
0.00
42
1.13
2.99
3.19
20.19
1899
4.43
0.53
12.54
1.53
2.33
0.21
0.40
0.04
0.02
0.85
6.11
6.41
42.27
1900
2.90
1.97
4.89
4.44
1.89
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.35
2.70
8.75
2.53
30.60
6.37
5.46
6.16
3.68
2.70
,-
0.07
0.02
0.65
1.57
5.75
5.76
39.01
KING CITY, MONTEREY COCNTY.
[Elevation. 333 feet.]
1887 ! 0.38 5.08
0.18
0.58
0.02 0.09
0.00
0.00
0.06
05
0.31
1.99
8.74
1888 ' 2.85 ' 0.70
2.76
0.10
0.01 ; 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.72
0.00
3.73
2.52
13.37
1889 0.92 1.33
6.13
0.29
0.48 i 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.17
2.74
8.07
24.13
1890 4.34 3.01
1.13
0.00
0.13 ! 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.97
0.00
0.12
1.54
11.24
1891 0.40 4.77
0.52
0.76
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
2.40
8.87
1892 0.66 1.27
2.08
0.26
1.08 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.42
2.78
4.78
13.33
1893 1.75 1.63
3.17
0.83
0.27 0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
0.18
1.30
9.13
1894 1 47 0.66
0.30
0.06
0.66 0.18
0.00
o.oo-
1.13
0.41
0.25
4.15
9.27
1895... 3.89 0.35
1.51
0.40
0.13 ' 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
1.46
0.51
0.49
8.79
1896 4.53 0.00
1.73
1.84
0.04 0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
0.56
1.92
1.46
12.08
1897 2.07 ' 1.20
.20
0.11
0.00 : 0:07
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.73
0.18
0.32
6.95
1898 54 1 30
0.54
0.05
0.24 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.27
1899 3.00 0.18
2.04
1.16
0.13 0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.73
1.15
1.21
10.67
1900 1.89 0.06
0.85
0.82
0.86 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.52
6.33
0.17
12.50
Mean i ".4 rears) 2.05 1.51
1.80
0.52
0.29 0.03
0.00
T
0.21
0.79
1.46
2.19
10.65
182
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OP CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
KNIGHTS LANDING, SUTTER COUNTY.
[Elevation, 45 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1878
3.49
5.64
2.30
1.48
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.24
0.71
0.10
14.37
1879
2.39
2.86
3.42
2.83
1.07
0.16
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.21
1.77
3.93
18.69
1880 ...
1.25
1.25
0.76
6.64
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.99
17.29
1881
4.22
2.87
1.11
1.23
0.25
0.89
0.00
0.00
0.42
0.33
2.04
2.17
15.53
1882
1.30
1.75
2.19
1.33
0.16
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.71
1.51
2.58
0.34
12.03
1883
1.48
0.66
3.11
0.87
3.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.50
0.54
0.45
11.93
1884
3.68
3.53
4.88
3.15
0.00
1.89
0.00
0.00
0.35
1.45
0.00
5.56
24.49
1885
1.42
0.00
0.48
1.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.00
4.93
16. 42
1886
5.63
0.00
1.37
4.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.23
0.00
1.60
12. 98
1887 - -
1.00
6.60
0.75
2.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.57
3.26
14.48
1888
4.18
0.91
2.51
0.07
0.43
0.34
0.02
0.00
0.81
0.00
5.72
4.82
19.81
1889
2.84
0.28
6.53
0.42
2.17
0.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.28
3.93
8.78
30.64
1890
4.80
4.18
3.37
1.02
1.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.00
0.00
2.37
18.07
1891
0.53
9.40
0.00
2.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.35
2.64
15/08
1892 ~
1.75
2.38
2.57
0.91
2.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.59
5.38
5.70
21.72
1893
3 21
2.63
3.60
0.75
0.98
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.08
1.77
1.72
14.89
1894
3.42
1.64
1.24
0.32
1.91
0.49
0.00
0.00
1.10
1.02
0.70
12.52
24.36
1895
8.73
1.29
1.03
0.57
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.15
0.00
2.01
3.90
20.63
1896
11.65
0.21
2.25
5.99
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.64
1.22
4.05
2.34
29.30
1897
2.97
5.05
1.89
0.25
1.50
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.10
2.05
0.80
3.90
18.81
1898
49
3 46
2 27
0.34
1 43
0.00
00
00
36
88
66
1 44
11 33
1899
4.87
0.00
2.47
0.15
0.62
0.88
0.00
T.
0.00
5.00
3.39
3.78
23.16
1900
3 14
17
1.88
1 36
88
T
00
00
T
1 68
5 20
97
15 28
3.41
2 47
2.26
1 74
94
24
T
T
32
1 01
2 18
3 66
18 32
KONO TAYEE, LAKE COUNTY.
[Elevation, 1,325 feet.]
1874
1.88
9.16
6.05
3.17
14.16
3.01
6.24
5.50
1.74
1.40
4.17
3.60
0.38
4.22
2.81
11.04
3.41
3.85
6.58
3.20
0.60
1.91
4.62
0.92
8.34
1.40
4.60
9.15
4.74
0.64
2.34
3.81
5.35
2.05
0.00
0.10
0.50
[1.36]
0.47
0.48
0.95
1.54
0.95
3.88
0.45
0.84
0.00
0.00
[0. 70]
0.64
0.25
0.12
0.40
2.41
0.06
0.00
0.42
0.00
0.50
[0.53]
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.00
0.00
4.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.42
0.70
0.00
3.70
1.17
0.20
41.65
0.41
0.91
0.00
0.63
1.64
0.99
6.25
6.96
3.50
2.23
1.37
3.57
3.54
2.90
4.42
0.39
0.29
5.12
0.00
1.98
0.33
5.72
1.92
1.77
0.98
0.70
22.84
24.97
22.41
14.97
34.57
26.93
21.02
19.34
16.68
11.95
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1892
0.84
0.42
1.22
0.00
0.73
1.24
0.46
3.78
3.11
6.53
3.76
0.74
1.69
3.33
1.64
1.15
5.56
3.89
5.57
2.34
10.70
2.12
5.93
2.12
1.27
4.14
1.67
32.39
22.89
28.96
26.54
29.37
17.90
11.24
28.26
18.92
1893
3.84
6.92
14.45
9.42
2.85
0.71
7.74
3.10
4.15
4.32
2.32
0.25
4.01
4.19
T.
1.27
5.41
1.11
3.13
2.31
3.76
0.11
5.43
2.89
2.06
0.91
0.98
4.62
0.90
0.64
0.70
2.32
0.66
0.90
1.14
1.69
0.90
1.67
0.45
0.67
0.00
1.64
0.00
[0.53]
0.48
[0.53]
0.28
T.
0.00
0.00
0,00
T.
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.00
T.
T.
0.27
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.71
0.29
0.00
0.51
0.00
T.
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
Mean (19 years)
5.55
3.27
3.69
1.34
0.73
0.49
0.01
0.02
0.22
1.22
3.34
2.97
22.74
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
183
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
LAGRAXGE, STANISLAUS COUNTY.
[Elevation, 293 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Kov.
Dec.
Annual.
1868
3 84
3 63
4.67
1 57
1 32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.20
3.25
18.78
1889.
4.00
5.13
3.07
1.06
1.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.56
0.69
0.69
17.35
1870
1 87
4 32
1 43
1.85
43
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.25
2.10
12.75
1871.
2.19
2.13
0.31
2.55
0.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.25
6.94
16.80
1872
2.69
5.32
2.18
0.80
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
7.69
19.10
1873
1.12
4.67
30
0.45
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
4.19
10.87
1874
3.92
2.32
2.91
1.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
3.52
3.54
0.11
17.62
1875.
2.30
00
41
0.26
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.co
0.40
10.58
1.9*
15.93
1876
5.63
2.25
3.88
0.67
0.48
o.uo
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.55
0.48
0.00
13.94
1877
2.59
45
61
00
1 06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.68
1.18
1.12
7.69
1878
5.58
5.54
3.09
1.67
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.90
0.50
0.20
17.57
1879
1 91
2.39
2.16
2.30
98
0.15
00
o.co
2.35
1.61
2.48
0.60
16.93
1880
2.68
1 70
6 04
2.04
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.92
4.21
4.58
22.33
1881
3.52
1.09
0.60
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.75
0.60
1.13
1.96
9.69
1882
1 10
1 67
4 72
2.25
33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.51
1.51
1.33
0.51
13.96
1883
2.93
1.35
3.58
1.33
2.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.55
1.20
0.84
0.70
15.38
1884
2.85
6 07
6 06
4 90
79
1.05
0.00
0.00
0.95
1.85
0.02
6.77
31.31
1885
0.88
03
0.17
1.19
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.60
1.48
14.38
1886
3.79
0.32
3.24
4.56
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
i.ao
0.75
14.18
1887
0.51
5 11
40
2.82
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.37
T.
0.20
4.02
13.43
1888
2.84
0.66
2.63
0.17
0.52
T.
0.02
T.
0.32
0.00
3.20
3.67
14.12
1889
0.17
0.61
4.24
0.58
1.64
T.
0.00
T.
0.17
4.00
4.59
7.64
23.64
1890
5.17
3.77
2.13
1.45
1.42
0.00
T.
T.
0.95
T.
0.18
2.83
17.90
1892
0.50
5.25
1.19
1.48
3.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.70
5.46
2.88
20.56
1893
1.93
2.42
5.12
0.75
0.05
0.00
0.00
T.
0.57
0.12
1.70
2.82
15.48
1894
6.17
6.43
0.61
0.30
3.39
0.66
T.
T.
0.67
0.85
0.60
7.60
27.28
1895
5.17
2.60
2.50
1.40
0.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.54
0.72
1.55
15.65
1896
4.72
20
2.65
3.25
0.45
T.
0.10
0.33
T.
L50
3.73
L94
18.87
1897
2.20
6.07
3.84
T.
T.
0.52
0.00
0.00
T.
1.97
0.68
1.38
16.66
1898
0.99
1.92
1.87
0.35
1.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.70
0.55
0.86
1.40
10.05
1899
2.51
0.35
5.04
0.35
0.90
0.15
0.00
0.02
0.00
2.60
4.25
1.79
17.96
2.85
2.77
2.64
1.41
0.78
0.08
T.
0.01
0.31
0.94
> 19
2.75
16. 71
LA PORTE, PLUMAS COUNTY.
[Elevation, 5,000 feet.]
1894 ' [15 75]
flO 11]
[9.36]
3.05
2.00
3.49
T.
0.17
1.13
8.87
L32
15.47
70.72
1895 22.01
6.65
6.12
4.00
8.55
0.00
1.41
0.29
8.42
0.69
3.35
9.98
71.47
1896 .. 32.43
2.84
16.20
16.63
9.32
0.09
0.31
0.25
2.29
3.09
23.87
12.88
120.20
1897 6. 01
17.92
13.51
3.12
0.71
3.94
0.00
T.
1.26
4.84
9.34
6.63
67.31
1898 2.53
13.04
1.62
1.49
4.64
2.73
T.
0.04
0.94
3.31
6.67
3.36
40.37
1899 12.95
Z69
25.26
2.92
4.43
1.48
0.00
0.82
0.00
18.30
15.%
16.23
101.04
'900 . 11.95
5.66
12.24
6.51
2.57
0.36
0.06
T.
0.61
13.02
13.70
8.79
75.47
Mean (7 years) 14. 81
8.42
12. (M
5.39
4.60
1.73
0.25
0.22
' 10
7.45
10.60
10.48
-- -
184
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OP CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTH*) Continued.
LODI, SAN JOAQUIN COUNTY.
[Elevation. 35 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dee.
Annual.
1888
5.09
0.44
2.59
0.11
0.61
0.43
0.00
0.00
0.88
0.00
3.C1
3.56
17 :;'
1389. .
0.35
0.65
5.07
0.20
2. 57
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.62
4.71
7.70
26 98
1890
6.67
2.90
2.71
1.94
1.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.99
0.00
0.00
3.65
>0 06
1891
0.44
5.03
3.52
2.45
0.34
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.18
49
4 69
17 44
1892
1.04
1.81
4.04
1.78
2.47
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.25
1.83
5.47
5.42
24 36
1893
3.42
2.66
3.88
2.04
0.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
T
3 11
1 91
18 09
1894
3.99
6.75
0.57
0.44
3.33
1.19
T.
T.
1.78
2.14
0.73
9.27
30 19
1895
7. 46
2.35
1.45
1.24
0.63
0.00
0.00
T.
0.88
0.13
1 24
1 50
16 88
1896
9.02
0.21
2.32
2.90
82
00
T
17
04
1 19
3 86
1 87
>2 40
1897
3.41
4.29
3.88
0.40
0.10
0.04
0.04
T.
0.16
1.29
0.66
1.57
15 84
1898
1.05
1.71
0.98
0.40
1.38
0.06
0.00
00
60
45
66
1 93
9 22
1899
3 42
0.16
6 81
30
55
31
00
39
00
3 74
3 01
2 18
>0 87
1900.
2.92
0.37
1.45
2.26
2.72
T
T
00
12
1 83
4 87
1 06
17 60
3 71
2 26
3 02
1 27
1 36
20
T
04
46
1 42
2 49
3 56
'
LOS BANGS, MERCED COUNTY.
[Elevation, 121 feet.]
1873
1.79
1.18
1 32
84
37
14
02
T
04
23
1874
i 61
1 08
1 20
77
28
13
00
00
1875
3.72
0.00
0.33
57
T
09
25
OQ
00
00
5 06
1876
1.50
1 54
1 60
11
00
00
00
00
1877
0.96
0.25
0.16
T
04
00
00
00
03
1878
2.56
3.14
1 19
59
00
00
00
QO
1879
0.50
0.89
0.42
68
17
08
00
00
00
1880. .
0.23
83
29
1 65
31
00
00
00
1881
99
1 16
86
99
00
00
1882
0.71
0.49
2 26
35
00
00
00
1883. . ...
1.62
43
1 81
07
1 gl
00
1884
1 42
3 09
2 95
1 80
1 03
1885.
0.85
05
65
75
00
1886
3 32
05
1 32
1 46
1887
06
1 50
44
1888
1 83
06
1 33
00
1889
27
76
1 77
1890
3 11
1 03
75
1891
07
2 17
39
1892
10
1 07
1 75
85
1893
75
2 20
1894
1 80
1 50
1895
3 17
95
1 22
4.08
10.34
1896
4.34
00
67
55
1897
1 08
1 7g
1 20
1898
1 53
54
4.94
1899
1 62
0.65
4.57
1900
1 18
00
0.95
0.88
s. 71
0.55
9.51
Mean (28 years)
1 52
0.28
1.09
1.32
7.62
GENERAL PRESIPITATION TABLES.
185
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HrxDREixrHs) Continued.
MAXZAXA, LOS AXGELES COUNTY.
[Elevation, 2.870 feet.]
Year.
Feb. Mar.
Apr.
May. June.
July. Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec. Annual.
1894.
21
37 33
T
1895
2 79
00 1 36
OS
T 00
00 00
00
1896
1 09
00 1 70
63
T 00
1897
2 70
3.04 1 71
04
01 T
T 28
00
- **1
T
1898 .
1 70
00 47
00
1899
1 15
T 1 35
04
09 04
00 00
00
1900
1 11
10 93
42
38 00
Mean(Tvears)
1.51
50 1.13
17
15 03
T 21
08
37
58
MARYSVILLE, YCBA COUXTY.
[Elevation, 67 feet.]
1871 [3-""]
1 21
29
53
1 00
00
00
00
00
09
72
.
15 11
1872 ; 5 50
3 88
> 27
1 03
00
00
00
00
00
1873 . 1 75
4 30
1 04
71
32
00
T
00
00
39
1 37
1874 5.55
1.63
3.79
1 13
30
00
00
o oo
CO
1 72
4 14
31
18 60
1875 1 21
04
1 20
00
06
1 97
oo
00
00
02
3 56
2.41
1876 2.79
3.32
4 06
1 05
15
00
11
OS
00
4 15
40
00
16 09
1877 3 60
1 57
yj
12
81
42
00
00
00
50
1 68
1.55
1878 9.47
5 32
3 53
1 30
39
00
CO
00
-
64
60
49
22 36
1879 1.76
2.93
3.08
3.76
1 79
09
00
03
o oo
1 04
' 83
3.60
20 91
1880 1 27
1 28
66
7 23
99
CO
00
00
00
00
05
6 90
18 38
1881 4 33
3 90
83
1 07
T
00
00
60
1 82
93
68
16 51
1882 . 1 84
2 51
I 93
1 09
00
98
00
oo
1 00
> 40
1 57
77
15 09
1883 1 ,V>
40
2 76
30
3 50
00
00
00
1 15
75
61
40
11 1
1884 .... 2.49
2.82
3 31
2.57
0.00
1 18
00
00
09
1 71
00
4.24
18 11
1885 1 32
07
1'
42
00
15
00
1
00
15
.
3 95
14 41
1886. ., 3. 96
34
1 45
3 96
23
00
00
00
00
63
T
2.30
r* 87
1887 i 73
6.09
1 02
1.90
0.10
09
00
00
00
00
1 07
3 70
14 70
1888 4 5t<
1 65
2 55
00
41
32
00
00
00
00
4 23
6.27
20 01
1889 1 05
35
7 53
.00
2 35
50
00
00
00
5 87
3 73
9 01
31 39
1890 4.44
4.65
6.71
.85
2.55
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.73
00
00
2 2
23.65
1891 54
8 68
86
y
67
10
00
00
00
00
70
3.77
16.81
1892 2 32
3.63
.86
2.94
0.00
0.00
0.00
20
1 20
6 90
3.66
,-
1 -'.<'. 1 SO
3 39
3 68
00
1 10
00
00
00
o oo
.
34
2 23
1 9
15 16
1894 34
1 74
73
0.47
1 86
64
00
00
tf
1 91
80
9 13
18 21
1895 7.56
[2.851
[2.26'
1.C8
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.33
0.04
83
1 02
18 31
1896 8 32
17
1 24
4 96
70
00
00
T
61
2 66
2 07
'1 50
1897 2 22
5 80
1 75
1.53
0.36
T
00
00
00
1 60
85
1 60
15. 71
1898 1.45
5.06
0.00
0.44
1.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.90
1.26
1.61
12.81
1899 4 22
00
6.30
55
09
1.25
00
26
o oo
1 20
6 26
3 11
26 27
1900 8.59
0.48
1.63
2.15
1.02
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.13
4.97
1.85
23.16
Mean (30 vears) 3 43
2 67
2 37
1.56
0.86
(i.-JT
T
0.01
0.28
1 17
2 18
3.54
18.35
MEXDOTA, FRESXu COUNTY.
[Elevation. 177 feet.]
1894 [1-39] 0.86
0.00
0.10
0.17
0.49
0.00
0.00
0.88
0.09
0.00
3.65 ! 7.93
1895. . 1.20 I* 51
1.07
0.16
0.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.16
1.01
0.10
0.00 5 44
UK. IV 1 00
11.44
0.51
0.20
0.00
0.13
0.00
0.07
0.49
1.21
0.50 6.11
1897 1 21 j 67
0.86
0.07
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
00
0.68
0.22
0.08 3.79
1898. 0.59 ! 1 49
0.51
0.00
0.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.12
0.00
1. 65 5. 05
1899 0.76 0.00
1.10
0.10
0.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.57
1.36
0.36 5.60
1900 70 0.00
0.61
0.66
0.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.52
3.89
0.14 7.44
Mean (7vears) 1.20 " "T>
0.27
0.39
0.07
0.02
-
.
0. 95 5. 91
186
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFOBNIA.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
MERCED, MERCED COUNTY.
[Elevation, 173 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1872
2.16
1.62
0.36
0.89
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
5.30
10.33
1873
5.69
1.22
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.42
1.67
10.00
1874
2.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.47
1.84
1.60
0.00
7.76
1875
3.95
0.15
0.97
0.00
0.00
1.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.83
0.73
12.65
1876. '
2.90
1.38
1.54
0.17
0.13
0.00
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.72
0.09
0.00
7.10
1877
1.14
0.03
0.53
T.
0.52
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
1.17
0.85
4.30
1878
3.35
2.78
1.89
1.71
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.42
0.03
10.43
1879
0.96
1.32
1.19
1.35
0.21
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.60
1.63
1.08
8.44
1880
0.69
2.06
0.64
4.71
0.48
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.63
4.60
13.81
1881
3.40
1.69
0.85
0.34
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.35
0.47
0.70
8.02
18*82
0.92
1.37
3.19
1.12
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.53
0.98
0.53
0.07
9.03
1883
1.55
0.50
3.11
0.41
2.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
1.01
0.38
0.99
10.18
1884
1.64
4.39
5.38
5.60
0.86
1.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.54
0.02
3.63
23.79
1885
0.85
0.00
0.65
1.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.82
1.08
9.89
1886
2.64
0.10
0.94
2.85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.47
0.25
0.58
'7.83
1887
0.13
2.83
0.20
1.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.45
0.00
0.10
1.00
6.45
1888
2.67
0.15
1.68
0.28
0.65
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
2.40
2.12
10.55
1889
0.45
0.15
1.21
0.20
0.77
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.61
2.80
5.59
12.78
1890
4.40
1.50
1.01
0.39
0.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.73
0.00
0.00
[2.00]
11.54
1891
0.33
2.23
1.29
1.05
0.06
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.18
2.99
8.56
1892
0.31
0.79
1.85
0.85
2.47
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.27
0.64
2.75
10.03
1893
1.05
2.31
3.49
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.65
1.13
9.07
1894
2.68
3.28
0.21
0.28
2.02
0.54
0.00
0.00
0.72
0.88
0.15
4.74
15.50
1895
2.12
1.71
1.17
0.50
0.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.69
1.03
8.36
18%
5.50
0.00
2 10
1.72
0.29
0.00
0.19
0.53
0.00
0.91
1.94
1.04
14.22
1897
2.49
3.20
1.29
0.41
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.41
0.17
0.75
8.80
1898
0.86
1.18
1 34
0.07
0.98
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.53
0.11
0.20
0.42
5.69
1899
2.18
0.00
2.64
0.30
0.70
0.60
0.00
0.14
0.00
2.16
1.74
1.80
12.26
1900
1.63
0.05
1 07
1 83
0.97
T.
T.
0.00
T.
0.81
4.16
0.57
11.09
Mean (29 years) . .
2.10
1.31
1.44
1.06
0.56
0.15
0.0]
0.02
0.18
0.51
1.21
1.70
10.26
MODESTO, STANISLAUS COUNTY.
[Elevation, 90 feet.]
1871
0.49
0.75
0.11
78
09
04
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.87
4.76
7.89
1872
3 16
2 20
94
78
00
00
00
T
00
00
40
3.10
10 58
1873
1.05
2.66
0.05
39
00
00
00
00
0.00
0.00
0.05
3.75
7.95
1874
4.00
56
1 00
57
1 00
43
00
00
75
1 32
1.88
00
11 51
1875
2 46
00
88
08
00
03
00
00
00
00
5 98
1 42
10 85
1876
2.36
1.55
1 71
35
T
00
15
00
00
1 38
20
00
7 70
1877
1 10
08
80
31
43
00
00
00
00
27
84
1 39
5 22
1878
3.70
2.76
1 80
75
T
00
00
00
00
42
33
57
10 33
1879
1 62
1 26
2 11
1 31
71
15
00
00
00
1 07
3 01
1 74
12 98
1880
43
1 31
70
4 11
61
00
00
00
00
00
60
3 55
11 21
1881
1 39
1 63
70
53
00
00
00
00
00
25
65
80
5 95
1882
99
62
1 85
79
50
19
00
00
58
64
2 07
12
8 35
1883
2 14
20
1 31
73
2 24
oo
00
00
25
1 39
16
44
8 86
1884
75
2 01
3 89
2 84
15
99
00
00
00
1 20
00
2 62
14 45
1885
90
00
70
1886
2 64
10
1 46
2 79
00
00
00
00
25
1 01
go
8 80
1887
09
2 16
34
1 22
1888
1 72
53
1 36
1889
45
20
1 80
1890
3 95
1 03
88
1891
16
1 91
74
1 01
7 77
1892
70
1 91
2 43
1893
1 65
2 02
1894
3 36
3 18
00
1895
4 05
1 39
18%
4 56
00
90
1897
1 19
2 90
1 83
1898
49
71
1899
2 51
21
3 46
1900
1 30
29
Mean (30 years) . .
1.84
] . M
1.37
n CM
n J7
ft in
ft m
T
i JQ
Q QA
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
187
PRECIPITATION OP CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDRKDTHS) Continued.
MOKELUMNE HILL. CALAVERAS COUNTY.
[Elevation. 1,550 feet.]
Year.
^Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June. July.
An*.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1882.
3.30
3.25
5.75
2.50
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.50
3.50
2.75
0.30
21.85
1883
2.70
0.75
4.75
2.05
3.85
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.77
1.53
1.16
1.58
19.14
1884
3.89
8.12
9.81
8.42
0.79
2.92 0.00
0.00
0.40
1.98
0.00
16.78
53.11
1885
1.62
0.25
0.51
1.89
0.09
0.52 0.00
0.00
0.17
0.00
15.17
3.78
24.00
1886
8.75
1.14
4.79
7.32
0.72
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
1.45
1.22
1.86
27.25
1887
1.49
9.01
0.84
4.81
0.18
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.76
0.00
0.76
4.29
22.14
1888
6.87
0.77
463
0.20
1.11
0.22 0.00
0.00
0.46
0.00
2.78
2.86
19.90
1889
0.51
141
6.83
1.15
4.04
0. 10 T.
0.00
0.00
5.41
5.36
15.26
40.07
1890 .. .
9.22
5.57
8.37
2.51
2.89
0.00 0.00
0.00
1.78
0.00
0.00
4.68
35.02
1891
0.93
6.89
5.85
4.14
1.10
1.15 0.00
0.00
0.21
0.20
1.35
9.49
31.31
1892
1.88
3.69
5.60
2.38
3.75
0.40 0.00
0.00
0.62
1.04
8.03
6.04
33.43
1893
4.31
4.50
11.83
2.31
0.77
0.00 ' T.
0.00
1.63
0.40
5.04
3.35
34.16
1894
9.32
9.38
1.73
1.36
3.41
1.62 0.00
T.
1.18
4.34
1.12
14.31
47.77
1895
10.06
4.40
3.73
4.03
2.56
0.00 0.00
T.
0.83
0.12
1.12
2.88
29.73
1896
9.41
0.66
4.66
10.06
1.09
0.00 T.
0.22
0.10
1.42
8.98
3.84
40.34
1897
5.92
9.76
9.00
0.48
077
1.02 ! 0.00
0.15
0.13
2.97
2.61
2.30
34.61
1898
1.62
4.45
1.18
0.47
2.13
0.22 T.
0.00
0.44
0.98
1.93
2.50
15.92
1899
4.52
0.70
13.27
1.11
1.58
0.20 0.00
T.
T.
5.45
5.79
6.09
38. 71
1900
2.44
1.54
3.34
3.32
1.85
0.05 ; T.
T.
0.19
2.25
7.60
1.76
24.34
Mean ( 19 veara)
4.67
4.33
5.60
2.74
1.69
0.44 T.
0.02
0.53
1.74
3.82
5.47
31.20
MOJAVE, KERN COUNTY.
[Elevation, 2,751 feet.]
1877 0.85
0.00
0.01
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
2.38
3.24
1878 1.22
1.74
0.30
0.76 0.00
0.02
0.00 j 0.10 0.29
0.00
0.32
1.07
5.82
1879 0.62
0.05
0.00
0.22 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00
0.42
4.1*
5.47
1880 0.40
0.50
0.71
0.60 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
1.03
3.24
1881 0.00
0.00
0.06
0.18 0.00
0.00
0.00 i 0.00 0.00
T.
T.
T.
0.24
1882. 0.05
0.58
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 ' 0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.63
1883 . 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 T.
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.10
0.00
0.25
0.35
1881 1.77
5.69
2.17
0.61 0.00
1.05
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.13
[0.31]
[1.59]
13.32
1885 0.00
0.06
0.00
0.61 0.14
0.00
0.71 0.00 0.00
0.00
1.25
1.16
3.93
1886. 1-49
T.
1.22
0.14 0.00
T.
T. 0.00 0.00
T.
0.76
0.08
3.69
1887 T.
4.09
0.00
0.14 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.95
0.56
1.06
6.80
1888 2.62
1.56
1.75
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00
2.18
2.23
10.34
1889 0.35
0.03
3.43
0.00 T.
0.00
0.00 0.81 0.27
2.21
0.45
7.30
14.85
1890 0.85
0.58
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.70
0.00
0.15
0.67
2.95
1891 0.00
2.33
0.19
0.36 0.00
0.00
T. 0.00 0.33
0.03
0.00
0.76
4.00
1892 1.00
0.47
1.61
0.00 0.26
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00
0.27
0.56
4.17
1893 2. 73
0.26
1.53
0.13 0.00
0.00
1.04 0.00 0.00
0.29
0.15
0.88
7.01
1894 0.48
0.54
0.24
T. 0.08
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00
T.
3.68
4.97
1895 2.66
0.53
1.01
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.80
0.14
0.00
5.14
1896 1-31
0.00
1.45
0.00; o.oo
0.22
0.12 0.00 0.00
0.70
0.17
0.2
4.79
1897 1.86
1.17
0.82
0.00 | 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.85
1898. 0. 60
T.
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.29
0.89
1899 0.37
0.00
0.48
0.00 i T.
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.68
0.88
0.31
2.72
1900 0.31
0.00
T.
0.21 : 0.42
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.01
0.00
1.66
0.00
2.61
Mean (24 Tears) 0. 90
0.84
0.71
0. 16 0. 04
0.05
0.08 0.04 0.07
0.25
0.30
1.26
4.79
188
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HTNDREDTHS) Continued.
MONTEREY, MONTEREY COUNTY.
[Elevation, 15 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
i.io
3.10
0.00
1 70
2 20
2 40
65
2 50
2.50
0.60
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.01
0.61
3.45
1850
2.95
2.20
1.30
0.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.61
2.98
10. 411
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.20
0.91
4.50
40
30
6 12
92
10
16
0.00
0.00
3.03
2.86
98
54
7.02
2.60
2.05
0.17
0.40
0.70
0.11
0.10
2.01
0.69
1864
4.28
0.04
1.60
1.23
1.35
0.06
0.00
o.io
0.00
0.30
4.13
3.99
17.0X
1865 -
1.94
1.66
0.31
0.36
0.31
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.17
0.17
1.78
1.36
8.16
1866
6.07
1.16
3.13
0.99
0.86
0.14
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
2.33
6.86
21.56
3 61
4 23
3 31
09
2.76
6.71
765
1 66
4 78
1.04
0.11
0.25
0.06
1.42
4.30
1869
3 83
4 13
2.69
0.94
0.03
0.01
1.36
0.72
2.42
1870
1 13
3 80
1 91
1.44
0.81
0.00
0.46
1.19
2.37
1871
1 44
2.64
0.31
0.50
0.03
11.42
1872
33
3 45
1.08
66
31
0.65
0.16
0.05
1877
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.46
4.60
1878 . . .
9.47
11.68
3.42
2.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.54-
0.18
0.77
28.55
1879
3.54
2 36
2.32
1.77
0.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.54
1.00
3.49
15.43
1880- .
[3.03]
[2.55]
1.05
5.31
0.77
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
5.47
18.58
1881
2.70
2 07
1.55
1.37
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.60
1.20
2.13
11.82
1882
1.50
2.52
5.64
1.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
1.67
1.20
0.39
14.71
1883
2.60
2 22
5.68
1.42
99
10
0.00
0.00
0.19
71
0.39
1.16
15. 46
1884
2.60
4.34
6.08
3.75
0.36
1.80
0.00
0.07
0.03
1.81
0.30
5.33
26. 47
1885
1.22
09
0.40
1 70
0.20
03
00
00
00
00
6 55
1 73
11 92
1886
3.09
1.14
2.52
3.39
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.70
0.78
0.60
12.30
1887 i
0.35
4 92
60
1 16
00
05
00
00
25
00
1 36
1.81
10.49
1888 . .
3.95
1.09
3.29
0.23
0.81
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.65
0.00
1.76
2.76
14.54
1889.
0.81
94
3 58
1 15
1 22
00
00
00
00
4 28
1 62
11 54
25.14
1890 b
7 67
2 67
83
34
37
00
00
03
10
00
1 32
2 66
15 96
1891 c
1.06
3 68
95
2 3f>
09
08
00
00
11
02
19
4 72
13 26
1892
66
1 50
3 05
82
83
00
00
OD
1 25
00
5 86
3 04
17 01
1893
1 73
3 34"
5 78
1 41
46
00
00
00
12
05
00
1 g7
14 76
1894
3 25
2 05
82
60
1 86
00
00
00
ro 081
1 64
3 9
5 87
16 49
1895
6 30
T2 551
1 94
89
58
00
00
00
00
78
8' 7
1 46
15 3**
1896
3 24
12
2 20
2 17
42
00
00
50
27
65
2 13
> 51
14 21
1897
1 10
3 63
3 70
40
08
32
00
00
t!2
70
40
1 25
11 70
1898
89
1 08
1 27
24
7 24
1899
2 79
06
3 07
50
50
05
00
09
00
3 69
o 31
1 39
15 Q5
1900..
1 34
66
1 ig
1 55
11 77
Mean (23 years, 1878-1900) .
64.89
57.86
60. 92
36.59
11.23
2.69
0.00
0.66
4.18
19.61
35. 52
64.03
358.18
Authority, Irrigation and Water Storage.
o C. W. B.
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (IN'CHES AND HCXDREDTHS) Continued.
XAPA, NAPA COUNTY.
[Elevation. 20 feet.]
189
Year. ^Jan.
Feb. Mar.
Apr. May.
June. July.
Aug. Sept.
!
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1877 5-88
1.59
10.52
6.00
1.38
3.97
2.19
1.12
3.89
0.40
0.00
10.68
1.28
0.98
6.59
8.70
3.43
2.19
2.97
2.92
0.25
5.68
3.76
T.
0.41
0.55
4.33
8.36
1.67
0.83
2.85
4.41
5.72
0.43
1.81
0.67
4.18
8.87
6.42
2.33
2.26
4.31
1.15
2.21
3.60
5.88
0.14
5.98
2.90
0.50
0.90
1.56
11.87
.14
.67
.45
.71
.51
4.42
2.27
0.65
0.52
2.08
3.54
2.14
1.05
0.61
1.11
6.28
0.33
0.34
1.00
1.60
0.69
0.25
1.50
1.16
0.06
0.00
4.04
0.13
0.00
0.38
0.17
0.88
2.17
1.91
1.37
2.73
0.49
1.49
0.85
1.10
0.25
1.64
0.40
0.31
0.04
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.75
0.00
0.00
2.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.32
0.09
0.00
0.85
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.37
0.47
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.00
T.
0.03
T
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.00
0.00
1.49
0.00
0.00
0.13
2.11
0.95
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.49
0.00
0.39
0.58
T.
0.19
1.23
1.16
0.50
0.26
0.59
0.00
0.10
0.53
1.91
0.47
0.00
1.01
0.44
1.27
0.70
0.61
1.16
0.00
0.00
5.32
0.00
0.30
1.58
0.17
1.93
0.03
1.20
2.43
0.88
3.89
1.50
1.97
0.83
2.56
0.00
1.62
3.26
2.12
0.00
8.51
0.11
1.35
2.96
3.88
0.00
0.53
5.30
4.03
1.34
1.72
5.03
1.40
0.65
4.73
6.33
1.96 !
0.37 !
4.76 ;
9.75
4.21
1.07
0.60
10.16
4.35
2.58
4.18
5.30
12.23
3.41
7.11
7.56
1.86
9.37
1.47
3.41
1.74
0.97
3.80
2.21
13.76
34.78
29.34
28.45
25.41
16.99
18.00
30.45
17.82
18.5ft
21.19
20.61
34.84
30.66
26.11
28.74
18.56
29.15
20.85
31.11
20.72
10.56
26.61
18.20
1878 14.18
1879 4.06
1880 . 2. 62
1881 11.69
1882 . 3. 40
1883 2. 04
1884 3.02
UK 1.96
1886 8.09
1887 1.87
1888 4.87
1889. 0.87
1890 ' 9.86
1891 1.17
189^ 3.65
1893 . 4. 27
1894 ' 8.17
UK 9.35
1896 ' 9.28
1897 2.29
1898 1.22
1S99 ! 6. 17
1900 2.84
Mean CM vear) 5.12
3.37
3.41
2.22 ; 1.00
0.23
0.01 0.03 0.43
; 1
1.14
2.51
4.35
23.81
NEEDLES, SAX BERNARDINO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 477 feet.]
lS9-> 0. 83
1.31
0.00
0.12
0.03
0.00
0.02
0.00
T.
0.00
0.25
0.55
0.65
0.06
[0.27]
0.00
0.13
T.
T.
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.09
[0.04]
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.45
0.30
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.09
0.00
T.
.0.00
0.00
O.OG
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.08
0.00
0.10
1.45
0.09
T.
0.00
0.00
0.02
1.00
1.10
0.00
0.52
0.14
T.
[0.28]
0.36
0.69
0.00
0.00
T-
0.04
0.21
0.18
0.00
0.40
0.00
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.60
T.
0.10
. T.
0.00
0.19
0.00
0.00
1.20
0.00
T.
T.
0.06
0.00
0.78
0.12
0.00
0.69
1.46
0.00
1.33
0.10
0.73
T.
[0.62]
3.07
4.75
3.27
1.74
2.02
3.28
2.09
3.00
1.92
ISns T.
1894 0.00
1895 ' 1.38
18% 0.00
1897 1 2.34
1898. ... 0.35
1S99 0. 58
3900 0.02
Mean *9vears^ . 0.61
0.16 0.21
0.04
0.11
0.02
0.42
0. 22 0. 11
0.10
0.24
0.55
2.79
190
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PKECII'ITATION OP CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
NEVADA CITY, NEVADA COUNTY.
[Elevation, 2,580 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1864
0.90
0.50
5.38
3.25
2.75
0.00
0.00
0.75
0.00
0.00
17.05
17.42
48.00
1865
9.71
4.38
2.09
1.75
1.31
O.OD
0.00
0.00
0.59
2.03
14.29
1.95
38.10
1866
15.47
s.eo
14.24
0.59
4.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.61
32.70
82.71
1867
14.21
10.00
6.23
6.88
1.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.91
3.63
16.11
41.95
102.85
1868
11.01
6.36
23.30
7.22
1.50
2.72
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.43
1.49
16.62
64.54
1869
16.85
12.62
6.%
5.72
1.62
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.50
4.67
6.29
55.42
1870
9.23
14.48
7.58
4.70
0.65
0.36
0.03
0.00
0.00
3.82
4.32
5.32
50.49
1871
11.08
6.26
5.41
5.55
3.26
0.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.79
5.00
27.31
64.99
1872
18.16
16.67
5.28
3.76
0.17
1.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.55
4.05
12.25
61.97
1873
2.82
12.40
1.96
2.47
2.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.67
1.35
24.27
48.14
1874.
11.16
7.32
12.20
4.51
1.32
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.06
15.08
0.90
56.66
1876
16.57
2.11
3.97
0.27
1.56
2.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.75
16.56
5.90
51. 12
1876
12.47
12.41
13.88
2.17
1.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.41
9.85
1.04
0.00
53.76
1877
10.26
2.45
4.18
1.43
1.97
0.72
0.71
0.00
0.00
1.35
4.31
2.65
30.03
1878
17.62
16.61
10.05
2.80
1.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.69
2.32
2. 88
0.96
54.98
1879
11.62
10 97
19 28
5.90
QO
0.43
0.00
0.05
0.00
3.15
5.50
8.76
69 49
1880 ... .
6.67
5.48
5.09
22.54
5.58
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.28
24.78
70.63
1881
18.88
6.26
4.44
1.70
0.00
1.47
0.00
0.00
1.38
3.03
2.53
9.14
48 83
1882
7.29
5.42
9.21
4.39
0.52
0.60
0.00
0.00
2.22
7.65
5.34
3.87
46 51
1883
2.39
3.06
14.27
2.98
6.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.28
3.60
1 61
2.84
38 96
1884
9.08
12.01
14.70
12.07
1.67
2.47
0.07
0.00
1.87
3.61
0.00
27.92
85.47
1885
4.39
1.69
0.53
3.23
0.21
1.36
0.00
0.00
1.62
0.00
21 65
6 77
41 35
1893 <"
8 02
8 29
12 75
6 22
1.33
00
T.
00
1 71
1 26
7 78
5 23
52 58
1894
11.71
10.85
3.26
2.17
3.54
1.85-
0.00
T.
1 21
4 83
1 38
20 61
61 41
1895
22 87
6.53
5 12
3 82
3 42
00
15
29
3 36
00
1 87
6 14
52 57
1896
19.61
0.99
7.39
13.63
4.88
T.
0.05
0.05
1 55
2.18
12 63
6 46
69 42
1897
4.38
13.63
9.13
2 08
22
82
00
T
60
3 36
4 38
3 71
42 31
1898
1.92
9.91
0.87
0.95
2.73
1.27
0.00
T
37
1 96
3 49
2 27
25 74
1899. . . .
9.12
49
15 88
1 52
2 61
91
00
29
00
10 24
10 85
10 9 7
62 18
1900
7 81
2 36
7 51
4.83
1 90
03
00
00
55
5 52
9 2
4 00
43 73
10 78
7 57
8 40
4 70
2 22
6'>
03
05
73
2 71
6 87
11 11
55 80
NEWCASTLE, PLACER COUNTY.
[Elevation, 956 feet.]
1892
3 98
3 71
5 14
2 48
4 23
03
1893
2 61
3 07
5 36
2 48
19
00
00
00
17
1894
3 55
4 68
59
1 22
1 65
1 76
00
1895
13 10
3 42
3 42
1896
10 08
66
4 81
6 92
1 79
00
04
1897?'
1898&
1899
2 63
00
9 05
05
1900.
4 95
94
3 38
Mean (7 vears)
5 84
2 35
4 54
nt\ ru\
a Data missing, 1886-1892.
f> No record for 1897-98.
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
191
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HTXDBEDTHS) Continued
NEWHALL, LOS ANGELES COUNTY
[Elevation, 1,200 feet.]
1
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1877 1.56
T
43
50
56
00
00
00
00
03
32
1 45
4 85
1878 3.78
3.23
1.02
1.46
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
00
0.00
2 33
11 97
1879 2 25
62
0.00
1 52
05
00
00
00
00
37
3 10
9 23
17 14
1880 0.10
t 25
1.08
3.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
26
6 22
13 30
1881 57
06
1 70
34
00
dO
00
00
00
1 23
12
4 21
8 23
1882 0.43
2.36
4.71
0.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.16
1.20
00
9 79
1883 1 96
2.95
3 07
00
> 28
00
00
00
00
16
00
3 34
13 76
1884 6.66
14.53
9.73
3.85
2.17
1.67
0.00
00
0.00
60
1 10
3 89
44
1885 47
00
1 75
00
06
02
00
00
00
9 01
2.25
13 63
1886 5.22
0.69
3.11
4.27
0.00
T
0.00
0.00
00
0.00
87
21
14 37
1887 00
12.38
0.15
1 96
10
03
00
00
02
65
1 46
4 26
21 01
1888. 6. 74
1.17
4.21
0.29
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
40
3 69
5 64
n i
1889 35
1 11
9 39
40
56
00
00
36
00
8 19
3 36
15 70
39 4"'
1890 6.30
4.41
0.44
0.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
00
0.35
00
0.00
1 94
13 77
1891 31
9 99
88
1 26
66
00
T
00
13
00
00
2.12
15 35
1892 1. 32
3.02
4.07
0.06
-
0.00
00
00
00
30
4 72
4 16
19 73
1893 3.91
1.34
7.90
0.47-
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.72
00
3 90
18 58
1894 0.85
0.29
0.62
0.15
0.66
00
000
00
80
00
00
7 59
10 96
1895 7.11
0.31
3.66
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
O.OQ
0.10
1 09
00
!' 66
18% 2.15
0.15
4.04
1.03
20
00
0.00
25
00
1 55
1 00
> 23
T> 60
1897 ' 4.86
5.13
3.32
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
00
00
14 39
1898 0.45
f3. 141
00
10
93
00
00
00
14
00
00
"
4 98
1899. ! 2.77
0.00
1.98
0.08
0.00
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
1 63
90
64
8.25
1900 0. 89
0.00
1.97
0.25
1.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
5.24
0.00
9.74
Mean (24 vears) i 2 54
--
2 81
1 03
51
08
T
03
06
72
1 56
3 40
15 6
NEWMAN, STANISLAUS COUNTY.
[Elevation, 92 feet]
1889. ... . 0.51 0.64
3.67 0.25
0.99
o.oo 1 o.oo
0.00
0.00
4.28
4.27
5.52
20.13
1890 4.S6 3.34
0.80 ! 0.70
0.20
0.00 i 0.00
0.00
1 31
00
00
1 17
12 08
1891. . . 0.28 3.27
1.82 1.55
0.10
0.18 1 0.00
0.00
0.49
0.05
0.00
3.69
11.43
1892 27 1 45
1.77 0.55
0.81
00 0.00
0.00
00
28
1 46
4 24
10 83
1893.. 1.03 2.87
4.73 1.67
0.00
0.00 i 0.00
0. DO
0.00
0.00
0.39
0.47
11.16
1894 1.97 0.89
0.00 T.
0.83
0.33 0.00
0.00
0.80
0.35
0.00
5.28
10.45
1895 3.34 i 0.87
1.77 j 0.80
0.90
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.48
0.40
8.66
1896 5.59 ' 0.00
' 1.32 1.91
0.43
0.00 : 0.10
0.00
0.00
1.35
1.97
0.87
13.54
1897 1.83 2.61
1.85 0.47
0.02
0.20 0.00
0.10
T.
1.37
33
1 00
9 78
1898 0.45 0.84
0.80 0.03
0.75
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.07
0.13
T.
0.41
3.48
1899 2.19 00
> 05 ' 0. 30
1.05
0.07 0.00
0.00
00
1 65
2.41
1,25
10 97
1900.- . . 1.94 1 0.10
0.45 , 1.91
1.87
T. 0.00
0.00
0.32
0.35
4.45
0.81
1Z20
Mean (12 vears) ' 2.00 1.11
1.75 ! 0.84
0.66
0.06 0.01
0.01
0.26
0.82
1.31
2.09
11.23
192
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTH*) Continued.
MILES (NEAR), ALAMEDA COUNTY.
[Elevation, 87 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1886
5.03
0.73
1.67
4.19
0.25
0.01
T.
0.00
0.00
0.64
1.29
1.14
15.55
1887
1.07
7.62
1.01
1.87
0.14
0.07
0.01
0.00
0.65
T.
0.84
3.25
16.39
1888
3.99
1.80
3.07
0.15
0.78
0.40
0.00
T.
0.39
0.07
3.87
2.53
17.05
1889
0.55
0.42
5.59
0.95
1.59
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.30
3.44
12. 13
28.98
1890
7.18
3.63
3.03
1.12
1.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
3.05
19.54
1891
0.65
4.72
2.57
2. 23
1.10
o.ofi
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.06
0.37
6.45
18. 42
1892
1.12
1.41
3.71
1.10
1.98
T.
0.03
0.00
0.01
1.53
3.49
5.28
19.64
1893
2.65
2.73
5.58
1.67
0.47
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.23
2.44
2.69
18. 62
1894
7.28
4.99
1.23
0.54
1.94
0.43
T.
0.00
1.42
1.49
0.84
9.45
29.61
1895
6.81
2.55
2. 15
1.73
0.86
0.00
T.
0.00
0. 75
0.72
1.80
1.36
18.73
18%
7.46
0.30
1.66
4.47
1.07
0.00
0.10
0.83
0.57
1.22
6.16
2.91
26.74
1897
2.08
4.47
4.78
0.45
0.16
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.42
0:92
1.95
15. 72
1898
1.71
2. 20
0.88
0.39
1.28
0.24
0.00
0.00
t*
1.33
0.68
1.65
11.82
1899
2.78
0.49
6.09
0.26
0.66
0.49
T.
0.09
0.00
4.24
3.30
2.91
21.31
1900
3.49
0.87
1.87
0.91
0.79
0.08
T.
0.00
0.02
2.C2
4.67
1.65
If.. 37
3.3
2.60
2.99
1.47
0.94
0.13
0.01
0.06
0.40
1.35
2.27
3.89
19.75
NORTH BLOOMFIKLD, NEVADA COUNTY.
[Elevation, 3,200 feet.]
1871 7.54
5.94
5.03
4.36
3.36
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.83
6.20
25.19
58.57
1872 12. 71
18.22
5.73
3.84
1.39
0.41
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.53
4.47
11.77
59.23
1873 4.16
11.09
2.50
2.40
1.57
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.67
3.37
19.00
44.86
1874 15 17
7 08
11 16
4 04
1 78
25
00
0.02
0.06
4.88
13.52
1 21
59 17
1875 0.15
0.88
3.56
0.30
2.68
0.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.09
15.53
7.64
33.46
1876 10. 98
10.20
13.02
4.03
1.06
0.01
1.76
0.01
0.31
10.46
0.85
0.00
52.69
1877 9.98
2.89
4.92
3.07
2.66
0.91
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.10
4.22
1.96
81.71
1878 15.72
16.97
9.23
2.44
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.34
3.72
1.18
53.55
1879 10. 00
9.49
16.62
6.69
3.84
0.64
00
0.24
0.00
3.03
6.43
13 57
70.55
1880 5. 96
5.66
5.45
23.31
5.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.41
21. 10
67.52
1881 19. 46
12.13
4.92
2.59
1 33
1.57
00
00
1.75
3 86
4.05
8 73
60 39
1882 8.02
fi. 77
10.02
5.39
1.82
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.74
6.86
5.72
3.59
50.93
1883. . 3. 69
3.94
10.45
3.39
00
00
00
00
1 79
3 60
1 48
2 84
31 24
1884 : 9 21
10 02
15 66
10 31
2 66
4 03
00
00
1 98
3 43
00
37 21
94 50
1885 ! 3.65
1.91
0.79
3.62
71
2 14
00
00
2 55
00
20 23
7 98
43 58
1897 5 06
16 57
11 15
3 70
20
1 45
00
11
57
5 05
6 1''
5 41
65 39
1898 2.28
13.03
0.79
1.18
4 47
1 70
T
T
58
2 87
5 66
4 10
36 60
1899. .... 10.88
1 01
18 24
1 98
3 91
65
00
67
00
14 5''
13 33
13 09
78 28
1900 9 32
5 20
9 64
6 82
2 44
T
01
00
9 r >
8 3**
10 99
4 95
58 64
1901 7.73
13 46
2 97
6 27
1 73
00
T
Mean (20 vears) 8 46
8 99
7 71
3 74
6 00
10 15
53 16
NORTH HILL VINEYARD, CALAVERAS COUNTY.
[Elevation, 660 feet.]
1890. 5 74
2 S3
2 9
1 33
2 43
00
00
00
50
T
T
2 62
1891 39
2 71
3 55
2 70
37
22
1892 '1.84
1 71
3 6
1 63
3 02
33
00
00
25
1 18
5 33
4 54
1893. . 3 70
2 87
7 51
1 32
00
1894 6 31
7 05
1 16
98
1895 8 65
2 30
2 31
2 91
1 10
00
1896 9 30
10
2 76
6 24
71
1897 3 22
6 63
5 37
47
83
58
1898 . 1 *>2
4 03
', t'J
57
1 41
1899 4 65
24
10 88
42
1 81
40
1900 1 57
71
3 38
3 67
1 49
1 IT
Mran (11 vears) 4 19
2 79
3 98
> 02
1 49
GENERAL PRECiriTATIOX TABLES.
193
PRECIPITATION- OF CALIFORNIA (IxcHES AXD Hrxi>REDTHs) Continued.
NORTH ONTARIO. SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY.
[Elevation. 1.750 fet-t.]
Year. Jan. FVIi.
:
Mar.
Apr. May.
June.
July.
An*.
Sept. ()<-t.
Nov. Dec.
Annual.
1897 5 2<j 7.82
*
00 90
00
00
T
00 3 71
40 43
1898 ' 30 1 11
1 55
50 ' 75
00
06
000
T 28
1899 2.88 063
2.71
19 C5
90
00
T
05 1 73
1 78 1 05
1900 I 75 19
1 93
1 68 2 77
00
00
00
64 40
1901 5.33 6.10
0.72
II. TN 1.50
0.00
0.00
Mean i. s years) 3.50 3.17 2.55 0.63 1.59
0.18
0.01
NORTH SAX JUAN, NEVADA COl'NTY.
[Elevation. 2,130 feet.]
1S97 4 20
13 70
7 88
2.20
03 1 45
00
i
003 074 433 580 165
1898. 3. 11
8.72
0.54
1 00
4 16 74
00
T 088 3 49 4. -Vi 188
1899 13 25
85
16
1 36
3 00 40
00
1900 6 36
3 88
5 34
4 87
1 16 T
T
000 T 777 8 81 507
1901 11.97
12.44
4.51
4.59
1.31 0.00
T.
Mean (5 vears) 7.18
7.92
6.86
2.80
1.93 0.52
T.
i
i
1 1 1
OAKDALE. STANISLAUS COUNTY.
[Elevation, 156 feet.]
Ig93 1.88
2.36
5.29 0.78
0.21
00
T
00
28
00
1 45 i
1 60
1894 5 46
5 20
50 88
2.38
1 05
00
,
00
36
1 23
65
1895 5.72
2.24
2.01 1 62
51
00
00
00
""O
29
1 03
1 *>4
l.-t
18% 5 28
00
1 44 J.84
53
00
00
10
00
1 61
3.07
1897 2.58
3 46
2 7'' 65
06
12
00
04
*M
1 53
54
1 25
1898 0.68
1.01
0. ii 0. 15
1.52
00
00
00
00
76
49
1 63
6 49
1899 2 28
11
4 64 04
00
1 56
00
04
00
3 1
1900 ... 1.49
0.18
' 14 2.80
1 60
00
00
00
00
95
5 61
1 08
15 85
"
1 1 ' '
OSILBY, SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
[Elevation. 354 feet.]
1890 .. 0.29
|
0.36 0.00 ! 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 005 000 014 0.02 31 119
1891 00
1 30 0.00 000 000 000 000 046 002 000 000 000 178
1892 ... . .. 0.55
1.22 1.07 0.00 0.10 0.00 000 000 000 000 000 000 294
1893 T.
0.00 0.19 O.CO 0.38 0.00 1.02 0.03 0:39 000 027 023 2.51
1S94 . 0.00
0.00 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ' 000' 064 000 000 000 090
0.45
0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 00 00 015 015 75
1896 CO
000 000 000 0.00 000 000 000 000 000 000 100 100
l-'.'T ... - . 1.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 00 0.00 0. 00 000 000 000 000 000 100
1898 00
000000 000 000 000 000 000000 000 000 T T
l*'.i 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 000 000 000 000 000 000
1900 00
000 000 000 000 000 000 000 T 000 000 000 T
Mean 11 \var- > 21
26 14 00 05 CO 09 05 10 01 04 15 ' 1 10
1 1 -.1 U,,ll T i\Q
HI
194
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
OLETA, AMADOR COUNTY.
[Elevation, 1,510 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Deo.
Annual.
1892
3.44
4.52
7.59
3.04
4.54
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.50
10.70
7.51
43.09
1893
6.88
4.88
11.40
2.65
0.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.38
4.53
3.18
34.53
1894
7.23
9.01
1.11
1.13
3.69
1.06
T.
T.
1.38
4.50
1.37
16.55
47.03
1895
13.25
5.75
3.94
4.25
2.25
0.00
T.
T.
2.13
0.12
0.74
3.50
35.93
1896
9.94
0.87
5.41
9.55
2.41
0.06
0.00
0.24
0.12
1.06
8.05
4.51
42.22
1897
5.49
14.44
8.13
1.50
0.35
0.74
T.
T.
0.12
3.00
2.20
3.01
38.98
1898 . .
1.64
5.80
1.36
0.68
1.96
0.35
T.
0.00
0.30
0.80
2.34
2.24
17.47
1899
5.29
0.96
12.43
1.33
1.01
0.71
0.00
0.17
T.
6.98
5.42
7.82
42.12
1900
2.33
2.90
4.66
3.87
1.24
0.03
T.
0.00
0.30
2.76
7.76
1.61
27.46
6.17
5.46
6.23
3.11
2.01
0.36
T.
0.05
0.48
2.34
4.79
5.55
36.54
ORLAND, GLENN COUNTY.
[Elevation 254 feet.]
1883
0.52
0.27
1.49
0.86
2.07
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.80
1.60
0.12
0.29
8.04
1884
3.38
1.58
4.31
2.97
0.23
2.55
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.80
0.00
4.03
20. 05
1885
1.34
0.58
0.00
0.51
0.82
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.00
9.41
3.03
16.41
1886
4.45
0.50
1.01
2.70
0.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
T.
1.77
11.57
1887
0.33
3.74
1.63
2.06
0.00
0.15
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
1.14
2.64
11.69
1888
4.11
1.56
2.73
0.57
0.24
0.53
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.00
2.79
3.47
16.27
1889
0.22
0.68
4.52
1.02
1.37
0.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.%
2.20
6.80
25.05
1890
3.29
1.63
3.59
0.53
1.75
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.46
13.25
1891
0.55
7.88
0.33
1.38
1.12
1.40-
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.63
0.36
2.21
15.95
1892
3.08
1.93
1.87
1.16
2.50
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.95
4.77
5.67
22.13
1893 .
4.13
3.22
3.47
1.79
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.91
0.43
1.97
1.23
17. 15
1894
3.13
2.75
0.40
0.53
1.08
0.35
0.00
0.00
0.80
0.72
0.43
7.89
18.08
1895
8.25
2.66
2.09
1.24
0.58
0.00
0.27
0.00
1.67
0.00
1.34
1.15
19.25
1896
8.54
0.05
' 4.25
3.03
1.65
0.00
T.
0.37
0.83
1.02
2.69
6.14
28.57
1897
3 58
4 01
1 92
1.79
00
60
00
00
10
00
73
1 41
14 14
1898
0.36
3.64
T.
0.00
1.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.32
0.34
1.22
7.93
1899
6 98
T
4 17
45
94
57
00
00
00
2 03
4 58
2 69
22 41
1900
2 53
84
1 32
2 72
1 05
i. U.J
31
00
07
07
3 20
4 61
1 68
18 40
Mean (18 years)
3.27
2.08
2.17
1.41
0.98
0.42
0.02
0.02
0.35
1.12
2.08
3.10
17.02
OROVILLE, BUTTE COUNTY.
[Elevation, 188 feet.]
1885
2.10
73
0^25
1 64
65
39
T
00
20
T
11 27
5 53
22 76
1886
5 17
36
2 70
5 48
50
o oo
T
T
00
63
29
2 52
17 65
1887
1.02
8.93
0.98
2 81
08
18
T
01
15
00
1 21
2 62
17 99
1888
7 72
99
3 44
14
32
1 16
07
T
63
00
4 14
7 91
26 52
1889
0.16
0.57
8 98
1 61
3 07
42
00
00
06
7 41
4 89
13 50
40 61
1890.
4 00
5 95
7 07
2 47
3 84
00
00
75
00
75
4 61
29 89
1891
2 60
9 04
69
1 73
1 30
00
00
00
03
34
1 56
4 97
1892
4 60
3.81
4 82
3 53
3 24
00
00
00
00
1 2*>
6 99
3 52
31 73
1893.
4 06
3 82
6 47
1 9 1
1 17
00
00
00
92
10
4 03
2 18
2S 96
1894 '.
5.97
3.21
95
1 20
2 85
45
00
00
86
2 40
1 07
11 48
30 44
1895 . .
11 92
85
2 60
2 65
65
00
33
00
4 25
11
1 85
2 59
27 80
1896
11 41
38
4 19
7 03
2 08
00
1897
4 20
8 60
2 23
35
30
30
00
00
80
<> 95
2 65
1 95
24 33
1898
1 01
6 03
07
58
1 63
30
1899
7 24
00
6 89
71
3 25
1 22
00
15
00
8 31
7 59
4 38
39 74
1900
5 79
1 07
2 79
3 25
1 03
35
00
00
Mean (16 years)
4 93
3 33
3 44
2 27
1 62
33
03
02
gg
27 04
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
195
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREUTHS) Continued.
PALERMO. BUTTE COUNTY.
[Elevation, 213 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June. July.
Aug.
Sept. Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1892
2.94
3.63
3.92
4.08
2.81
0.14 0.00
00
T. 1.19
6.44
6 29
31 44
1893
3.77
2.92
3.81
1 00
1 60
00 00
00
50 14
' 58
1 76
18 08
1894
3.76
2.34
0.79
0.74
3.41
0.30 T.
0.00
0.83 2.46
1.07
10 20
25 90
1895
10.08
2.83
1 91
1 %
76
0.00 30
05
3.76 06
1 20
67
23 58
1896. .
10.03
0.26
2.31
3.78
0.80
0.00 0.03
0.22
1.17 ; 0.54
5 83
3 9S
28 95
1897
3.35
6 79
1 92
76
20
89 00
06
33 3 50
' 07
45
20 32
1898
1.24
0.83
0.00
0.59
1.75
0.12 00
0.00
0.34 0.94
1 16
1 55
8 52
1899
5 45
00
5 88
16
92
1 30 1 00
18
00 5 76
6 46
3 72
"9 83
1900
5.80
0.72
2.29
1.86
0.87
0.20 0.00
0.00
0.27 3.43
3 63
2.15
21 22
5.16
2.26
2.54
1.66
1.46
33 0.04
0.06
0.80 2.00
3 38
3 42
23 W
PALM SPRINGS, RIVERSIDE COUNTY.
[Elevation, 584 feet]
1889
0.30 0.06
1.54
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.07 0.00
53
00
4.64 7 15
1890
0.52 0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25 0.38
0.00
0.00
' 0.50 1 75
1891
0.00 7.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
1.02 0.10
00
00
23 8 82
1892
2.18 0.26
0.05
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 2.61
1893
0.40 00
1 18
00
10
00
35
40 0. 10
00
3 00
11 5 64
1894
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
4.25 4.25
1895
3.50 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 ! 0.00
0.00
0.00
3.50 3.50
1896
0.00 0.00
0.81
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 ' 0.00
0.00
00
00 84
1897
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
1.09 1.09
1898
0.00 0.00
0.60
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00 j 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.70 1.30
1899
1.21 0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.62 T.
0.00
0.50
2.86 5.31
1900
0.80 j 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0. 00 0. 00
1.29
T.
0.00 2.09
Mean (12 vears)
0.74 0.66
0.35
T.
0.02
0.03
0.19 0.05
0.15
0.29
1.20 3.o3
1
PASADENA. LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
[Elevation, 828 feet.]
1893 . 7.53
3.03
10.47
0.66
0.20
0.06
0.01
T.
0. 04 0. 71
0.18 ' 4.08
26.97
1894 ! 1.45
0.74
0.96
0.13
0.61
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.85 ! 0.02
0.01 1 5.89
10.75
1895 7. 56
[1.811
4.27
0.61
0.41
[0.01]
0.00
0.00
T. [0.98]
[0.40] [2.64]
18.69
1896 ... 2.71
0.00
2.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 1.74
1.79 2.07
11.19
1897 3.69
4.78
2.43
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 2.42
0.00 1 0.62
14.08
1898 1.85
0.50
1.05
0.14
1.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.55
5.44
1899 3.55
0.00
1.89
T.
0.00
0.65
0.00
0.00
0.00 1.98
L40 i 0.89
10.36
1900 0.88
0.00
1.15
0.48
1.76
0.00
0.00
0.00
T. ' 0.00
8.86 ' 0.00
13.13
Mean(Svears) 3.65
1.36
3.14
0.27
0.54
0.09
T.
0.01
0.11 0.98
1.58 2.09
13.83
.
PASO ROBLES, SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY.
[Elevation, SOU feet.]
1
1887 . . 0. 51
6.14
0.34
1.10
0.44
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.60
2.61
11.95
1888 5.60
0.30
4.50
0.20
0.28
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
4.02
2.80
17. 71
1889 0. 78
0.98
5.55
0.45
1.25
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
5.61
1.69
9.13
25.44
1890 6. 75
5.40
1.74
0.03
0.22
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.65
0.00
0.30
3.34
18.43
1891 0. 52
7.27
2.51
1.72
0.06
0.05 0.00
0.00
0.41
0.00
0.00
4.09
16.63
1S92 0.63
1.39
3.09
0.11
1.88
0.38 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.46
2.06
5.02
15.02
1893 3.28
4.09
6.28
109
0.27
0.00 < 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.00
2.38
17. 6t
1894 1.06
0.59
0.22
0.24
1.09
(M-2 0.00
0.50
1.13
0.33
0.09
6.14
11.51
1895 6. 43
047
0.48
0.08
o.oo 1 o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.61
1.53
0.55
11.43
1896 4.64
0.02
3.77
1.25
0.77
T. T.
1.19
T.
1.66
1.92
2.48
17.70
'897 3.65
4.18
2.88
T.
0.00
o.oo 1 o.oo
0.02
0.03
0.56
0.05
0.23
11.60
1898 0.82
L55
0.83
0.00
0.68
0.00 j 0.00
0.00
0.10
0.13
0.30
0.27
4.68
1899 4.16
0.08
4.99
1.37
T.
0.13 ' 0.00
0.00
T.
2.55
1.40
2.53
17.21
1900 2.11
0.08
1.90
0.42
0.67
T. T.
T.
T.
1.54
6.10
0:25
13.07
Mean (14 vears 1 2.92
2.32
2.85
0.60
0.55
0.05 J T.
0.12
0.17
0.92
1.43
2.92
15.00
196
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HrMiKEimis) Continued.
PEACHLAND, SONOMA COUNTY.
[Elevation, 220 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Au^.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
18%
17.65
0.40
3.85
6.03
2.26
0.00
0.07
0.08
0.60
2.59
5.53
8.83
47.79
1897
5.60
8.63
6.62
0.12
O.E1
1.31
T.
T.
0.13
3.17
2.34
4.01
32.44
1898
2.15
8.28
0.16
0.37
3.87
0.41
T.
T.
0.89
0.85
1.25
1.38
19.61
1899
16.16
0.19
10.25
0.35
1.99
0.01
T.
0.19
0.00
6.57
8.46
6.20
50.37
1900
7.88
1.15
4.88
4.16
1.03
0.31
T.
T.
0.19
6.09
5.86
5.10
36.65
9.87
3.73
5.15
2.21
1.93
0.41
0.01
0.05
0.36
3.85
4.69
5.10
37. 37
PLACERVILLE, ELDORADO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 1,820 feet.]
1874
12.58
4.72
10.77
3.92
1.%
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.42
9.59
1.18
48.14
1875
12.58
0.08
2.88
0.61
1.58
1.84
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.20
17.64
6.75
45.16
1876
10.79
8.01
11.86
3.60
1.40
0.00
0.49
0.07
0.02
6.16
0.78
0.00
43.18
1880
4.38
5.81
4.66
17.52
3 95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.68
16.94
54.19
J881
15.53
7.01
3.38
2.36
T.
1.89
T.
o.oo
1.08
2.80
2.87
7.70
44.62
1882
6.71
5.15
9.30
5.53
1.19
0.13
T.
0.00
0.93
5.72
4.94
1.98
41.58
1883
3.74
2.58
6.88
3.54
6.25
0.00
T.
0.00
1.67
3.38
1.67
2.63
32.34
1884
,C.C6
11.56
14.46
11.82
1.60
2.51
T.
0.03
0.85
2.47
0.10
22.65
74.11
1885
4.15
0.97
0.33
3.32
0.27
1.42
0.00
0.00
0.55
0.00
15.97
5.22
32.20
1886
13.03
1.15
5.22
11.75
1.24
0.50
T.
0.00
0.00
1.42
0.91
5.02
40.24
1887
3.18
14.18
2.09
5.71
0.53
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.68
0.06
1.42
8 34
36 37
1888
11.27
2.39
5.26
0.91
1.10
1.50
0.04
T.
0.88
T.
5.98
7.06
36.39
1889
1.03
0.86
9.78
1.93
8.05
0.16
0.00
T.
0.00
9.07
7.77
18 18
56.83
1890
14.57
7.46
13.81
3.36
4.01
0.00
0.00
T.
1.64
T.
T.
6.89
51.74
1891
1.40
9.29
8.18
4.29
1.91
1.20
0.00
O.CO
0.37
0.32
1 97
12 57
41 50
1892
4.43
6.83
8.26
4.33
5.35
0.00
0.00
O.CO
0.20
2.23
' 12.14
15.48
59.25
1893
7.14
6.94
12.39
5.31
1.71
0.00
T
0.00
1.26
0.96
5 74
4 68
46.13
1894
11.05
13.02
2.94
2.24
4.70
1.63
T.
0.10
1.52
3.93
1.C6
13.49
60.68
1895
17.85
5.07
4.43
4.75
2.58
0.00
T.
T
1 79
16
77
5 24
42 64
1896
16.38
0.78
11.11
12.00
3.56
0.00
0.03
0.15
0.63
1.51
11.71
4.07
61.93
1897
4. C8
14.61
9.49
2.23
0.36
1.09
0.00
0.05
13
3 39
2 68
2 43
41 14
1898
1 78
6.18
1 28
58
2 70
66
T
T
11
1 CO
2 30
2 80
19 K9
1899
5.62
0.48
14.98
2.01
1.78
0.88
0.00
0.10
CO
7 73
6 72
8 32
48 62
1900
3.92
2 89
5 84
4 32
1 15
[0 68]
T
00
55
3 62
9 82
3 30
36 09
8.08
5 75
7 48
4 91
2 45
68
62
'' 54
5 21
7 83
45 GO
POINT LOBOS.
[Elevation, 250 feet.]
1893
3.19
2.53
3.74
1.01
0.19
0.01
T.
0.14
0.14
0.28
3.59
1.05
15.87
1894
5 17
2 48
62
15
1 71
55
T
T
1 40
1 36
68
9 21
3 33
1895
5.61
2.30
1 91
1 09
75
00
03
01
88
11
9 33
1 06
Hi OS
1896
7 33
41
3 45
3 99
91
T
6
46
1 58
4 99
4 16
27 56
1897
2.91
4.47
4.91
12
71
25
o oo
0'*
09
2 13
1 20
1 51
18 35
1898
1 78
2 64
47
12
1 17
25
00
1 00
7
63
1 61
10 41
1899
4 93
18
7 86
1 05
86
00
00
3 58
3 41
05 08
1900
4 57
96
2 23
1 41
14
00
00
06
59
1 26
3 49
1 37
16 11
Moan (8 years)
4.44
2 00
3 15
1 12
80
14
01
06
57
1 33
2 56
9 93
19 10
POINT REYES LIGHT.
[Elevation, 650 foet.]
1892
4.68
4 37
3 36
2 26
2 97
36
45
7
68
1 54
3 22
4 7'*
28 88
1893
3 21
2 58
8 09
1 83
91
08
1894
8.26
2 39
2 06
66
<> 31
1 16
00
00
2 64
1 04
9 50
39 44
1895
9 43
1 34
2 63
1 02
1 29
02
T
o 97
1896
8 30
97
3 25
4 20
1897
2 74
4 93
5 87
1898
1 60
4 48
47
29
1899
7 11
53
5 56
1900
6 46
99
2 45
2 51
17
Moan ilt v cars')
5 75
2 51
3 75
1 57
1 53
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
PKBCIPITATIOX OF CALIFORNIA ( INCHES AND HUNOREDTHS) Continued.
POMONA (NEAR), LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
[Elevation, 860 feet.]
197
Year. -. Jan. Feb.
1
Mar. Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug. Sept.
Oct.
NOT.
Dec.
Animal.
1894 > 36
0.82
1.39
0.00
6.16
0.81
0.04
0.05
0.65
3.56
4.39
3.34
1.22
2.10
1.02
0.08
0.66
0.15
T.
0.06
0.10
0.95
0.36
0.00
0.00
T.
2.22
0.00
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.44
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.22
0.00 O.CO
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.04
0.06
1.45
1.26
0.-09
1.92
0.34
0.00
1.08
1.19
0.51
0.08
1.39
8.38
8.48
0.66
1.57
0.96
0.51
0.95
0.00
13.23
16.16
11.26
17.99
7.12
10.02
14.04
1895. i a 74
1896 2.42
189T 5 54
1896... . ' 2.13
1899 ! 2.79
1900... : 1 30
Mean (7 vears 'i 3,61
1.32
I
2.33 0.29 0.65
0.10
0.01
0.00 0.09
0.74
1.80
1.88
12.83
PORTERVILLE, TULARE COUNTY.
[Elevation, J61 feet.]
1888 < 8?
0.18
0.49
2.43
1.33
1.85
0.83
1.54
T.
2.46
1.55
0.17
0.16
1.26
1.30
0.71
2.21
3.68
0.71
1.10
0.67
2.00
0.08
2.02
0.89
0.42
0.12
1.14
0.16
0.27
0.32
0.41
1.13
0.30
T.
0.19
1.94
0.89
0.20
0.29
0.65
0.00
0.42
0.35
0.13
0.42
0.55
0.10
2.41
T.
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.00
1.C9
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.85
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
T. j 0.00
0.15 0.00
0.00 0.01
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00; 0.43
O.CO ' T.
0.00 T.
0.00 0.00
0.00 2.10
T. j 0.00
0.00 T.
3.41
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.00
0.15
0.23
0.65
1.19
T.
1.08
O.C4
0.45
0.40
0.36
0.54
0.07
0.04
1.71
0.94
0.50
0.27
0.88
3.44
3.23
3.38
2.43
0.61
3.13
0.51
0.93
0.89
0.35
0.91
0.30
10.66
8.87
8.68
7.97
7.31
8.64
9.67
6.75
9.72
5.65
7.21
10. li
1890 , 3.43
1891 36
1892 26
1893 , o <8
1894.... : 1 52
1895 j 3.82
1896 i 1 61
1817 1 96
1898 0.75-
1899.- . 1 01
1900 097
Mean (12 vear) 1 44
1.08
1.39 0.53
0.53
O.IK
0.01
0.21
0.58
0.80
1.62
8.44
POWAY, SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 46) feet.]
1879 > 88
1.53
1.54
0.60
2.60
1.76
9.40
0.35
0.77
4.87
2.42
1.29
1.08
T.
4.91
0.22
0.61
0.32 ;
0.00
1.76
2.86
1.13
1.87
6.96
0.34
3.24
0.34
8.26
1.64
1.24
4.73
2.89
1.75
1.16
0.69
1.30 O.OS
3.10 ' 0.09
1.14 : 0.03
0.84 0.04
1.36 j 1.34
4.81 2.26
2.C5 0.63
2.78 0.00
2.01 0.34
0.51 0.00
0.14 0.21
0.46 0.26
0.96 0.31
0.00 0.12
0.33 1.55
0.05 0.44
1.48 1.48
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.44
0.07
0.00
0.00
T.
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.51
0.05
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
O.CO
0.16
0.04
0.01
T.
T.
T.
0.02
T.
0.00
0.06
T.
0.08
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.03
0.04
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
0.63
0.06
T.
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.00
T.
0.30
0.74
1.17
0.29
1.59
0.24
0.06
0.10
0.00
0.19
T.
0.25
1.51
1.70
0.00
0.78
0.25
2.75
0.30
0.20
0.60
0.00
0.38
2.71
1.50
2.04
1.36
0.00 .
1.44
1.54
0.08
0.29
1.29
3.19
4.72
3.56
0.73
0.27
2.40
5.91
0.90
0.20
2.70
2.49
3.06
0.57
2.42
0.72
1.87
1.29
0.00
13.73
12.44
7.96
12.40
11.20
31.99
7.83
14.95
13.02
17.07
7.34
17.95
14.05
14.74
8.84
9.11
11.35
1880. 1 1?
1881. 1 16
1882. 6.40
1883 88
1S84 1 59
1885 72
1886. f 31
1887 0.09
1893. 1 78
1S94 . 0.79
1895 12.65
1896. ? .VI
1897 4 30
1898. 2.78
1S99 2.98
1900 3 89
Mean (17 vears} 3.11
2.02
2.40 1.37 O..V1
0.09
T.
0.02
0.05
0.54
1.16
1.99
13.29
QUINCY, PLUMAS COUNTY.
[Elevation, 3,400 feet.]
1895. [ 3S]
[4.96]
0.65 '
8.31
10.08
0.82
1.87 ;
[6.431 2-09
7.96 11.03
0.99
0.20 1.01
9.02 1.36
7.7 3.54
3.86
4.39
0.00
3.97
2.28 ;
0.98
0.00
0.00 ,
1.60
r.84
0.13
0.25 !
O.S7
0.06
0.00
0.13
0.00
T.
0.35
0.20
T.
T.
1.09
T.
6.27
1.43
0.63
0.08
0.00
0.04
0.44
1.05 ;
3.01 i
1.73
11.88
7.33
1.53
11.26
6.13
2.47
9.13 ;
8.42 !
5.07
6.36
3.97
1.56
7.60
4.70
39.75
65.18
35.94
24.28
.V>. 06
41.63
1896. .. 20.79
1897 " 77
1898 1.21
1899 8.75
1900 6. 21
Mean . il v.-ar- . 8. 10 4. 45
6. 66 3. 34
0.64
0.09
0.27 1.41
4.24
fi.49
4.SS
tX 14
198
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OP CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
REDDING, SHASTA COUNTY.
[Elevation, 552 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1875
6.21
0.16
1.41
0.01
0.14
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.11
13.31
9.13
32.72
1876
11.26
7.97
8.85
1.77
2.90
0.70
0.63
0.65
1.20
5.60
0.40
0.00
41. 95
1877
6.59
3.78
4.43
0.57
1.41
0.75
0.00
0.07
0.00
1.63
7.26
4.41
30.90
1878
22.69
13.78
7.20
1.66
0.74
0.05
0.00
0.00
1.32
2.15
2.59
0.59
52.77
1879
4.20
4.81
10.54
6.82
3.56
0.48
0.03
0.11
0.00
0.75
5.%
10.85
48.11
1880
4.02
2.21
1.62
9.73
1.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.13
18.39
37.52
lss|
14.64
9.09
0.99
5.63
0.71
1.09
0.00
0.05
1.12
4.05
1.50
6.07
44.94
1882
3.02
3.36
4.23
1.67
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.62
4.67
2.05
22.99
1883
1.78
0.36
3.71
1.56
4.26
0.00
0.00
O.Ot)
1.00
4.09
0.67
0.75
18.18
1884
5.45
3.94
8.20
3.05
T.
1.64
0.00
0.00
0.02
1.36
0.00
14.31
38.17
1885
2.32
1.28
0.00
3.68
0.00
1.23
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
11.90
9.00
29.36
1886
10.30
T.
2.90
8.41
2.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.98
0.13
5.34
30.38
1887
2.50
8.35
1.20
3.65
1.25
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.00
1.60
4.10
23.75
1888
9.35
2.70
2.95
0.00
0.73
3.52
0.00
0.00
0.45
0.00
[3.68]
7.33
30.71
1889
[6.34]
0.09
10.78
2.33
3.90
0.%
0.00
0.00
0.00
15.13
5.07
17.66
[62.26]
1890
10.80
6.76
7.77
3.12
2.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.57
0.00
0.00
3.56
35.82
1891
1.68
9.95
3.05
2.31
3.17
1.91
0.75
0.00
0.13
0.02
0.08
8.36
31.41
1892
4.08
3.52
3.96
4.27
4.44
0.10
0.03
0.00
0.04
2.10
6.30
10.79
39.63
1893
4.16
3.90
12. 16
4.19
1.86
0.00
T.
0.00
2.36
0.39
8.33
4.16
41.51
1894
9.78
5.36
2.89
1.84
2.45
0.95
T.
0.74
1.32
4.15
1.01
12.22
42.71
1895
12.84
3.08
2.78
0.99
2.61
0.00
0.95
T.
3.24
0.01
2.12
4.36
32.98
18%
14.52
0.79
4.17
4.05
8.97
0.35
T.
0.38
0.81
1.99
6.30
8.98
51.31
1897
4.42
6.80
5.29
3.02
0.00
1.59
T.
0.00
0.15
1.36
1.69
3. CO
27.92
1898
0.54
3.77
0.00
0.76
3.64
0.15
0.00
T.
0.13
1.56
2.23
1.78
14.56
1899
9.66
1.04
8.86
0.61
0.82
2.46
0.00
0.08
0.00
4.83
8.50
4.18
41.04
1900
6.45
2.86
3.68
2.59
3.12
1.38
T.
0.16
2.48
6.47
3.03
3.14
35.36
Mean (26 years)
7.29
4.22
4.75
3.01
2.19
0.79
0.09
0.09
0.67
2.48
3.79
6.74
36.11
REPRESSA, SACRAMENTO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 305 feet.]
1893
[6.06]
[4.34]
7.40
2.00
1.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.70
0.26
3.81
2.35
[28. 20]
1894
4.71
5.53
0.65
0.56
2.80
1.10
0.00
0.00
0.65
2.75
0.90
12.56
32.21
1895
11.36
2.64
2.50
2.26
1.83
0.00
0.00
T.
1.45
0.07
1.98
1.95
26.04
1896
9.07
0.22
4.46
6.54
1.62
0.00
0.00
0.55
0.35
0.82
5.86
1.80
31.29
1897
4.38
8.99
4.95
0.71
0.35
T.
0.00
0.18
0.10
2.61
1.11
2.04
25.42
1898
0.79
4.31
0.30
0.45
1.53
0.35
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.88
1.87
2.62
13.34
1899
5.41
0.04
.
7.88
0.74
1.12
0.43
0.00
0.04
0.00
6.39
5.52
4.39
31.96
1900
5.00
1.16
2.73
3.12
1.72
T.
0.00
0.00
0.25
2.26
4.37
1.63
22.24
Mean (8 years)
5.85
3.40
3.86
2.05
1.53
0.24
0.00
0.10
0.47
2.00
3.18
3.67
26.34
RIO VISTA, SOLANO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 28 feet.]
1893 ... 3. 15
2.31
3.31
0.99
0.61
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.14
0.09
2.66
2.00
15.26
1894 6. 61
4.56
0.65
0.35
1.23
0.98
0.03
T.
1.28
1.91
0.53
8.36
25.49
1895 ' 7.96
2.60
1.00
0.91
0.84
0.00
0.00
T.
1.18
0.19
1.82
1.17
17.67
1896 . . 9. 01
0.22
1.42
4.51
0.07
0.00
T.
0.21
0.53
1.44
3.12
1.96
23.09
1897 2. 49
3.99
4.31
0.21
T.
0.05
0.00
0.01
0.11
1.79
0.30
1.24
14.50
1898 1.26
1.89
0.29
0.28
1.55
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.70
0.45
1.47
8.12
1899 . 4.21
0.00
6.94
0.28
0.13
0.90
0.00
T.
0.00
4.47
2.77
1.87
21.57
1900 3 02
42
1 46
94
1.39
0.10
T
0.00
0.01
1.59
4.77
1.35
15.05
Mean (8 years) 4.59
2 00
2. 42
1.06
0.80
0.26
T.
0. OS
0.43
1.52
2.05
2.43
17. 59
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
199
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
ROSEWOOD, TEHAMA COUNTY.
[Elevation, 865 feet.]
Year. j Jan.
fc
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Xov.
Dec. Annual.
1804. 5.80
2.30
2.40
2.00
3 20
--
01
T
1.64
1.42
79
12.63 33.07
1895 11. 93
2.34
2.27
1 26
42
00
45
T
81
97
1 70
3 25 25 40
1896 ... 13.60
0.30
3.85
4.58
3 15
02
0.17
16
1 08
P051
3 68
7 46 [39 10]
I-i'T 4 49
4.64
2.17
42
01
1 77
T
T
OS
1 28
1 16
2.11 18. 08
1898. 9<
3.80
0.16
40
2.79
26
00
01
26
53
1 59
1 78 12.49
1899 9 50
30
6 09
90
2 09
00
T
00
> 30
5 29
3 93 30 43
1900 2.98
1.91
2.37
2.42
2 60
70
00
08
59
3 46
r 2 71
2.77 22.59
Mean ( vears) 7.03
2.23
" 76
1 71
2.04
52
09
04
63
1 57
2 42
4 85 25 88
1
SAX ARDO, MONTEREY COUNTY.
[Elevotion, 236 feet.]
1887 . ' 0.58
5 58
17
76
05
26
00
00
14
37
32
2 07
10 30
1888 3.44
28
2 91
11
27
00
00
00
00
00
3 4
2 31
12.56
1889. . 0.83
80
6 16
49
27
00
00
00
00
4 74
96
7 16
23 41
1890 3 36
3 59
99
00
43
00
00
04
1 10
00
11
1 41
11 03
1891 43
3.99
76
1 04
03
00
00
00
14
00
00
1 57
7 96
1892 0.58
0.48
1.37
0.08
1.61
00
00
00
00
15
1 80
3 40
9 47
1893 ' 1 55
1 31
3 94
62
15
00
00
00
00
00
21
1 06
8 84
1894 ' 1.18
34
13
10
68
15
00
00
65
25
V
4 42
7 92
1S95 S 8
23
94
41
02
00
00
00
00
1 48
2.86
30
10 22
1896. 1 5 10
00
2.11
2.27
25
00
00
22
00
45
2 73
1 54
14.67
1897 89
1.18
i 19
06
00
00
00
22
00
78
05
42
5 79
1898. 38
89
70
00
43
00
00
T
T
13
20
15
2.88
1S99 3.24
0.03
2 81
84
T
T
00
T
00
1 65
96
1.09
10 62
1900 1 68
15
1 15
39
66
T
00
T
88
4 30
08
9 29
Mean (14 vears) 1.94
1.35
1.88
0.51
0.35
0.03
T.
0.03
0.14
78
1 41
1 93
10 35
1
SANGER JUNCTION, FRESNO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 371 feet.]
1889 .. .. 0.47
0.54
2.95
0.84
.
0.80
0.00
00
T
0.00
4 39
1.31
4.71
16.00
1890 4.02
1.48
1.22
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.04
2.37
9.35
1891 . 0.55
2.41
0.45
0.30
0.00
0.00
00
00
10
00
40
3 26
7 47
1892 74
85
2.57
46
1 30
00
00
00
00
o oo
93
1 23
8.08
1893 1.15
2.15
3.14
0.05
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
2.17
8.92
1894 2 14
2 46
-,
21
60
1 55
00
00
38
42
40
4 38
13. 10
1895 4.14
2.16
2 37
74
59
00
00
CO
06
20
61
89
11 76
1896 4.75
00
1 46
1 13
00
00
00
33
00
1 25
1 "n
97
11 16
1897 1 94
3 97
2 32
46
00
00
00
00
00
2.22
55
66
1' 1'
1898. 66
1.01
0.79
T
0.77
0.00
00
09
1 44
03
23
5 26
1S99 2 01
16
4 14
35
00
60
00
00
00
o 79
2 08
65
12.78
1900 . 2.05
09
1 01
97
1 64
00
00
00
00
37
5 89
33
12.35
Mean (12 vears) . . 2.05
1.44
1.94
0.47
0.48
18
00
03
17
1 14
1 83
10 70
SAN I.EANDRO. A LA MED A COUNTY.
[Elevation. 50 feet]
1895 ! 8.21
2.69
2.06
1.96
0.82
0.00
08
00
63
26
31
v 25
21 27
1896 9 84
25
03
5 86
91
00
04
1 34
89
1 41
5 78
31 24
1897 3 13
5 79
6 03
50
12
22
00
00
10
o 67
1 21
2 43
?2 20
1898. 1 33
2.66
39
38
1 44
36
00
00
1 13
1 43
96
1 58
11 56
1899 . 3.68
0.20
10.85
0.82
1.18
0.21
0.00
T
00
4 38
4 76
2 76
. -i
1900 3 93
1 24
- --
58
00
00
00
04
1 78
5 09
1 91
19 os
Mpfln (fi v*>^r) 5 (f>
2 14
4 00
1 96
-:
13
02
-1
46
1 99
3 35
2 30
**** 38
200
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTH**) Continued.
SAX MIGUEL, SAX LUIS OBISPO.
[Elevation, 616 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1887
0.52
5.96
0.12
1.40
0.24
0.26
0.00
o.oo
0.58
0.37
0.49
2.84
12.78
Iggg
4.06
0.13
2.34
0.00
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
2.44
2.1]
11.30
1889
0.80
0.85
4.10
0.32
0.67
0.00
0.00
o.'i
o.co
3.90
1.60
6.72
18.%
1890
3.79
3.13
0.81
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.00
O.uO
0.67
0.00
0.01
[2.50]
11.09
1891
0.42
5.20
2. C>7
0.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.00
0.00
2.21
11.54
1892
0.28
0.97
2.30
0.06
1.25
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
2.41
3.27
10.94
1893
1.37
1.31
3.99
0.79
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.30
2.09
10.08
1894
0.90
0.41
0.13
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.47
0.69
0.21
5.21
8.08
1895
4..22
0.33
1.10
0.47
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.56
1.05
0.56
8.38
1896 '.
3.57
0.00
3.11
1.35
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.68
0.10
0.67
1.49
1.89
13.10
1897 ...
1.14
3.62
1.78
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.27
0.03
0.27
7.28
1898
0.25
1.17
0.93
0.00
0.51
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.02
0.03
0.19
0.36
3. 46
1899
3.09
0.26
3.04
0.99
0.00
0.17
t).00
0.00
0.00
2.35
0.87
1.23
12.00
1900
1.69
0.07
1.63
0.44
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.60
4 45
12
9 45
1.86
1.67
2.00
0.48
0.28
0.03
0.00
0.05
0.16
0.71
1.11
2.24
10 60
SAN MIGUEL ISLAXD, SANTA BARBARA COUNTY.
[Elevation, 500 feet.]
1894
[3.90]
[1.07]
C.40
0.34
0.34
0.11
T.
0.00
0.79
0.11
0.30
4.80
12 16
1895
4 10
0.63
2.12
0.10
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
00
1.27
40
48
9 15
1896
5.37
0.00
2.25
0.93
0.90
0.00
0.16
0.10
0.21
0.60
2.52
1.36
14 40
1897
4 28
3.57
1.63
0.04
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.18
76
00
14
10 63
1898 . ...
1.84
0.09
0.39
0.02
0.71
0.70
0.14
0.04
2.70
0.23
0.20
1 16
8 22
1899
4 25
0.35
1.89
1.33
[0 411
2 00
00
00
00
1 40
1 56
n 351
14 54
1900
1.76
0.24
0.75
0.75
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
24
1 70
17
6 05
Means ( 7 vears )
3.64
0.85
1.35
0.50
0.41
0.40
0.04
0.02
0.55
0.66
0.95
1 35
10 94
SANTA ANA, ORANGE COUNTY.
[Elevation, 137 feet.]
1889. .. ... 0.31
2.07
4.65
0.66
0.45
00
00
66
00
1 88
36
12 09
23 13
1890 ' 4 75
1 66
3 22
00
35
00
00
00
25
00
30
2 35
12 88
1891 0.20
8.70
0.69
0.37
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
1 66
11 6 9
1892 1 23
2 26
86
25
1 92
00
00
00
00
16
1 14
1 46
9 r S
1893 ' 2.50
2 46
5 93
30
00
00
00
00
00
2 14
41
2 20
15 94
1894 50
50
63
10
13
00
00
00
1>->
00
00
4 98
7 C6
1895 ! 7.10
90
2 %
60
10
00
00
00
00
00
80
70
13 16
1896 1 3 43
00
2 90
ro 951
00
00
00
00
00
1 38
1 45
2 27
1897 ' 2.19
4 71
2 15
00
13
00
00
00
00
1 30
00
00
10 48
1898 91
1 39
90
00
37
00
00
00
00
00
00
50
4 07
1899 3 25
20
1 24
25
00
55
00
00
42
1 90
68
1 20
9 69
1900 . 1 67
20
77
1 02
1 00
00
00
00
00
15
3 72
00
Means (12 vears) . 2 34
2 09
2 24
32
37
05
00
06
07
74
74
2 45
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
201
PRECIPITATION- OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HCXDREDTHH) Continued.
SANTA CLARA, SAXTA CLARA COVXTY.
[Elevation, 83 feet.]
Year. 1 Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
Jane.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1881 2 69
2 33
88
1 08
00
30
QO
00
00
18
1 12
1 77
1882 1.25
1 50
4.96
1 15
25
00
00
00
12
1 18
1 9
1 68
1883 55
72
" 74
60
2.37
00
00
00
05
70
48
1~M 4.10
i 99
5 80
> 90
00
1 65
00'
05
00
1 88
05
4 32
18S5 ' 1 45
25
65
1 77
00
00
00
00
01
06
7 58
3 03
1886
1887 3.56
6 94
70
1 '*
00
00
00
00
41
40
69
2.45
16.67
1S88 3.08
1 68
3 10
12
1 28
18
00
00
58
00
4 37
3 00
1^39
1889 0.58
0.48
5.82
74
91
01
00
00
00
4 84
o 01
10 78
26 21
1890 7.02
3 35
1 99
j.sra
47
73
00
00
00
10
00
07
07
15 80
1891 0.46
6.55
2 16
2.43
17
05
00
00
25
00
43
5 39
17 89
94
1 44
3 4
54
1 62
06
00
0.00
00
1 19
4 12
7 75
21 06
1893 . . .. 3.07
2.83
4 79
1 46
38
02
00
00
T
04
83
1 16
15 03
1894 4 64
"> 16
45
49
1 10
38
T
T
99
2.07
55
7 58
20 41
1895 5.93
1.24
2 03
1 94
98
00
00
00
15
49
1 17
1
14 70
1896 6.02
0.20
2.08
2.72
0.32
0.00
0.00
69
0.19
1 47
3.13
2.69
19 51
1897 1.20
3 94
3 51
15
05
00
00
00
08
1 04
56
1 29
11 82
1898 1.28
2.12
0.60
0.16
0.65
0.08
0.00
00
1.34
68
36
86
8.13
1899 2.68
27
4.02
51
19
38
00
00
00
3.69
2.23
1 59
15 56
1900 2.54
0.49
1.10
1.09
0.77
0.05
0.00
00
0.21
1 02
4.50
1 38
13 15
Means 1 19 years i .. ' 79
2.24
2.67
1.13
0.62
0.17
T.
0.04
0.24
1.10
l.sT
_
16.06
SANTA MARGARITA. SAX LUIS OBISPO COUNTY.
[Elevation. 998 feet.]
1
1389. [5.27] 0.11
8.87
0.03
2.14 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 10.85
3.20 ' 15.68
46.15
tan 8.53 7.72
3.49
0.00
0.32 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.85 0.00
0.00 5.68
26 59
1891 .. 0.97 ' 10.%
3.18
1.80
0.33 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.71 0.00
0.06 8.21
26.22
1892. 1.54 2.19
4.49
0.67
2.65 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.30
7.40 8.15
27.39
1893. 4 50 9.05
10. CO
1.68
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0. 00 0. 70
0.00 2.60
29.13
1894 2.99 ! 3.21
0.50
0.85
2.10 0.00
0.00
0.00
2.22 0.73
0.33 10.82
23.75
1895 13.57 2.16
2.66
1.52
0.57 0.00
0.00
0.00
T. 1.05
2.25 0.77
24.55
1896 .. 11.18 I 0.10
5.07
5.25
0.20 0.00
0.18
0.19
0.00 2.00
2.85 4.08
31.10
1897 3.07 | 8.08
6.60
0.20
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.90
0.05 0.78
19.68
1898. 1-11 i 2-94
1.13
0.00
1.53 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.18 0.18
0.05 0.55
7.67
1899 5.62 j 0.26
9.70
1.79
0.00 0.86
0.00
0.00
0.00 4.19
2.15 ' 3.90
28.47
1900 . 3.27 0.02
4.00
1.25
0.84 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12 1.50
13.54 0.68
25.22
Means i!2 vears) .. 5.14 3.90
5.02
1.25
0. 89 0. 07
0.02
0.02
0.34 1.87
2. 67 5. 16
26.33
SAXTA MARIA, SAXTA BARBARA roCXTY.
[Elevation. 220 feet.]
1886 1.83
0.97
2.55
3.37
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.59
0.72 10.09
1887 0. 50
5.96
0.25
1.07
0.22
T. 0.00
0.00
0.30
0.40
1.09
2.69 11.47
1888 4.62
0.43
1.98
0.12
0.14
T. T.
0.00
T.
0.00
2.59
5.86. l.i.74
1889 0.42
1.35
4.20
0.97
0.60
0.05 0.00
0.00
0.00
7.53
1.80
6.71 23.63
1890 7.i.r_>
3.64
0.88
0.10
13
0.00 0.06
0.00
0.55
0.70
0.70
3.40 17.18
1^)1 0.63
3.57
0.71
1.58
0.20
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.33
2. 77 9. 82
189 . . 0.56
2.18
2.36
0. 45
1.15
T. 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.35
1.95
2.52 11.52
1893 .. 2.08
3.10
6.84
0.80
05
0.00 0.00
0.00
' 9.00
0.65
0.22
2.95 16.69
1891 1.16
1.78
0.62
0.25
0.73
0.16 0.06
T.
1.05
0.68
0.07
3. 86 10. 42
1895. 4.43
1.22
1.2.1
0.53
0.51
0.00 . T.
0.00
0.01
0.65
1.26
0.60 10.46
4.60
0.00
2.59
1.77
0.03
0.00 0.11
0.03
0.02
0.60
1.82
2.31 13.91
3.55
4.00
2.52
0.14
0.01
0.00 0.03
0.00
0.10
0.67
0.03
0.55 11.60
1.44
1.06
0.65
0.02
1.14
O.UO 0.00
0.00
0.96
0.30
0.05
0.64 6.26
1899 3.49
0.46
4.88
0.99
0.75
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
1.86
1.21
0.89 14.53
1900 0. 87
0.05
1.41
0.97
1.97
T. T.
T.
T.
0.65
5.40
0.35 11.67
Means 1 15 years) 2, 48
1.98
2.25
0.88
0.51
0.01 0.02
T.
0.20
1.01
1.27
2.46 13.07
202
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PBECIPITATION OP CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDRKDTHS) Continued.
SANTA PA0LA, MONTEREY COUNTY.
[Elevation, 286 feet.]
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
'
1889 0. 65
1.02
9.00
0.36
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
6.28
1.81
16.45
35.88
1890 6.40
2.00
0.47
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.72
0.00
0.34
2.53
11.51
1891 . 0. 48
8.73
2.40
0.82
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.19
0.00
0.00
1.54
14.29
1892 0. 70
3.99
3.24
0.54
1.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
[1.08]
0.00
6.58
17.93
1893 ... 4. 60
2.81
6.81
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.87
0.00
3. 64
19.13
1894 1-04
0.00
0.00
0.23
0.46
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.98
0.30
0.00
5.45
8.56
1895 6. 90
0.60
3.13
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.90
0.85
12.82
1896 5.66
0.00
3.18
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.97
1.43
3.13
15.47
1897 6. 31
4.98
3.24
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.45
1.07
0.00
0.00
15.05
1898 0.92
0.70
1.55
0.00
1.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.86
0.08
T.
0.27
5.48
1899 3. 44
0.00
2.41
0.35
0.00
0.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.84
1.17
1.66
11.46
1900 1. 67
0.00
1.36
0.38
1.49
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
0.07
4.71
T.
9.68
Means (12 years) 3. 06
2.07
3.07
0.37
0.44
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.27
1.06
0.86
3.51
14.77
SANTA ROSA, SONOMA COUNTY.
[Elevation, 181 feet.]
1889
1.77
0.35
7.92
1.09
2.93
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.78
4.39
15.94
43.42
1890
12 84
4.74
6.15
1.82
1.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.00
3.93
31.08
1891
1,25
10.49
1.22
2.39
1.23
0.00
0.75
0.00
0.20
0.20
1.50
8.64
27.87
1892
3.43
5.07
4.14
2.65
3.78
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.44
3.37
6.55
30.43
1893
4.13
5.56
6.59
2.07
0.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.52
4.82
2.61
27.35
1894
9.61
3.78
1.31
1.08
1.84
1.30
0.00
0.00
1.50
2.55
0.89
13.41
37.00
1895
18.42
3.35
2.94
1.35
1.39
0.00
0.33
0.00
[0. 37]
0.00
1.83
2.95
32.93
1896
10.57
0.69
3.63
4.70
1.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.46
1.50
5.09
6.42
34.41
1897
2.27
6.25
5.50
1.03
0.57
0.83
0.00
0.00
0.10
1.88
2.18
[6.82]
27.43
1898
1.81
5.32
0.66
0.38
3.32
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.62
1.07
1.16
1.20
15.71
1899
8 77
0.00
8 57
67
2.09
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.00
5.94
5.44
4.78
36.41
1SOO
4.98
0.77
3.72
2.83
0.60
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.41
5.60
3.35
26.42
Means (12 years)
6.65
3.86
4.35
1.84
1.78
0.23
0.09
0.01
0.31
2.36
3.02
6.36
30.87
SELMA.
[Elevation, 311 feet.]
1886
1.97
0.36
0.96
1.98
0.00
0.00
0.00
00
0.00
0.27
0.59
0.60
6 73
1887.
31
2 84
00
2 60
58
00
00
00
00
20
16
97
7 66
1888
2.40
T.
1.57
0.10
0.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
1.46
1.88
7.82
1889
0.36
53
1 85
47
70
00
00
00
00
3.60
1 09
3 98
12 58
1890
2 19
94
1 19
25
1 19
CO
CO
00
95
00
50
1 89
9 10
1891
0.48
2.20
0.47
47
00
00
CO
00
07
0.00
45
2.63
6 77
1892
31
1 27
1 57
80
38
00
00
00
00
45
80
1 17
6 75
1893
1.08
1.60
3 32
23
00
00
00
00
00
00
0.01
1 58
7 82
1894
1 51
1 21
40
08
22
90
00
CO
40
35
05
3 35
8 47
1895
3 53
1 42
1 15
40
30
00
00
00
00
00
1 00
55
8 35
1896
2 52
00
1 15
1 13
32
00
00
' 05
00
1 00
2 35
75
9 27
1897.
1 49
n in
1 56
47
oo
00
00
00
00
1 15
14
47
6 39
1898
27
93
30
00
70
00
00
00
1 33
T
10
28
3 91
1899..
1 75
T
3 27
18
00
00
00
00
CO
2 70
92
85
9 67
1900
1.81
*'
00
u. uv
90
95
1 21
00
00
00
00
T
3 54
39
8 80
Mean (15 years)
1.47
0.%
1 31
67
39
06
00
T
19
65
88
1 42
8 01
SHASTA, SHASTA COUNTY.
[Elevation, 1,148 feet.]
1896
27 67
69
6 93
12 27
9 17
27
00
43
1 06
3 92
10 17
13 10
85 68
1897
6 95
9 39
7 18
78
01
2 23
00
00
07
2 66
2 20
4 81
36 28
1898...
34
8 39
T
56
6 22
12
00
T
T
67
2 89
2 15
21 34
1899
12.42
1 20
10 15
1 41
2 34
1 96
00
06
00
5 39
11 29
6 38
59 go
1900
6 69
3 99
6 81
7 47
3 00
1 85
T
21
3 43
8 91
5 82
7 45
55 63
1901
13.65
8.43
1.46
5.51
0.39
0.00
Mean (6 years)
11.29
5.35
5.42
4.67
3.52
1.07
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
203
PRECIPITATION- OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AJTD HCSDREDTHS) Continued.-
SIERRA MADRE, LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
[Elevation. 1,400 feet.]
Year. -i Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nor.
Dec.
Annual.
1897 4.48
8.60
4.08
0.10
0.45
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.42
3.46
0.32
0.69
22.72
1896 - 1 63
41
1 23
90
2.42
00
00
0.00
T.
T.
T.
1.63
8.22
1899 3.21
0.12
2.77
T.
0.25
1.56
0.00
0.10
0.01
2. SO
1.73^
1.01
13.56
1900 1.26
0.02
1.92
1.09
2.84
0.10
T.
0.00
0.06
0.58
10.96
0.00
18.83
1901 4.84
8.63
1 14
1 50
2.51
43
Mean (5 years) 3.08
3.56
2.23 0.72
0.43
SISSON, SISKIYOU COUNTY.
[Elevation, 3,555 feet.]
1889
0.60
0.40
16.27
0.63
2.40
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.45
5.80
16.13
58.91
1890
12.99
9 33
5.30
2.98
2.75
1.74
0.00
0.00
1.20
0.13
0.00
3.18
39.60
1891.. .
0.40
7.17
0.61
3.64
2.65
[0.66]
[0.06]
0.00
0.32
0.30
0.35
11.20
27.36
1892
2.34
0.66
4.19
5.38
3.74
0.39
0.00
0.00
1.71
1.03
8.75
9.57
37.76
1893
3.10
2.80
2.77
10.60
2.66
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.68
0.61
4.25
2.87
30.37
1894
10 72
2.60
3 45
0.70
2.85
2.25
0.00
0.00
[0.95]
3.65
1.70
11.13
40.00
1895
9.12
1.22
3.62
1.27
2.05
0.00
0.55
0.00
4.65
0.00
0.70
4.31
27.49
1896
19.19
0.21
2.26
3.55
3.02
0.14
0.00
0.31
0.00
1.29
6.68
13.70
50.35
1897
2.59
4.86
0.43
0.53
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.31
2.62
3.72
17.21
1898
1.00
10.45
0.00
1.05
6.13
1.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.70
2.10
23.46
1899
5.55
1.03
2.98
0.23
1.49
0.89
0.00
1.32
0.00
4.01
10.83
5.67
34.00
1900 ..
8.64
1.04
9.92
3.49
2.05
1.24
0.00
0.16
0.67
10.76
4.52
3.80
46.29
Mean (12 years)
6.35
3.48
4.32
2.84
2.65
0.73
0.05
0.15
0.85
3.38
3.99
17.28
36.07
SOLEDAD, MONTEREY COUNTY.
[Elevation, 188 feet.]
1874
1.62
0.32
1.73
0:40
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.13
0.00
4.58
1875
4.09
0.20
0.40
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.80
0.59
8.12
1876
5.26
3.45
3.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
12.15
1877
0.87
0.25
0.28
1.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.95
1.48
4.88
1878
3.69
4.63
0.73
0.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.05
1.44
11.34
1879
0.63
0.34
1.04
0.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.45
0.47
1.57
5.09
1880
0.55
1-05
0.87
2.19
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.18
3.14
8.21
1881
1.52
0.61
1.14
0.09
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.07
0.56
0.79
4.92
1882
0.96
1.92
4.65
0.26
0.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.46
1.0*
0.25
10.07
1883
2.68
0.59
1.72
0.60
1.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.48
0.17
0.45
8.03
1884
2.74
4.24
3.74
1.67
1.18
1.56
0.00
0.10
0.00
1.78
0.30
1.74
19.00
1885
0.92
0.00
0.47
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.20
6.22
1.02
9.41
1886 . . . . ..
2.44
0.93
1.69
1.93
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.32
1.04
0.15
8.52
1887
0.31
3.94
0.41
0.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.51
L47
7.37
1S88
2.86
0.55
2.10
0.15
0.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.00
2.03
1.73
10.02
1889
0.69
1.75
3.35
0.30
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.00
0.27
8.94
18.88
1890
3.79
2.53
0.37
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.65
0.00
0.27
1.94
9.59
1891
0.31
2.43
0.42
1.40
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.20
0.00
3.10
7.95
189^
0.20
1.47
2.03
0.29
0.85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.75
1.70
2.97
10.31
1893
0.89
1.38
3.08
0.81
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.17
1.14
7.86
1894
2.05
0.60
0.40
0.22
0.62
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.79
0.71
0.20
2.73
8.32
1895
4.16
0.72
0.85
0.50
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.32
0.96
0.45
9.14
1896
3.32
0.00
1.19
1.66
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.59
1.74
1.16
9.74
1897
0.39
2.86
2.29
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.65
0.92
0.40
7.70
1898
0.52
0.70
0.52
0.06
0.42
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.27
0.30
2.85
1899
2.42
0.39
1.30
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.64
0.85
1.11
8.39
1900
1.37
0.20
0.37
0.74
0.40
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
0.64
5.62
0.35
9.69
1.90
1.41
1.50
0.65
O.C7
0.06
T.
T.
0.08
0.50
1.09
1.50
8.97
204
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION or CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
SONOMA, SONOMA COUNTY.
[Elevation, 30 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1886
7.84
0.28
1.38
7.09
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.95
0.27
2.36
20. 4(>
1887
1.94
11.77
0.93
2.53
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.00
2.08
4.97
24.47
1888
5.78
0.70
4.55
0.19
1.42
0.73
0.01
0.00
0.86
'o.oo
5.02
8.30
27.56
1889
0.90
0.79
3.02
2.17
1.16
0.21
0.03
T
0.33
9.09
4.36
11.47
33.53
1890
6.02
12.86
6.16
1.80
1.12
T.
0.00
0.04
0.23
0.03
0.00
3.73
31.99
1891
1.40
10.03
2.43
2.71
1.42
0.18
0.26
0.00
0.45
0.20
0.90
8.01
27.99
1892
2.61
3.57
3.04
2.01
2.55
0.00
0.00
T.
T.
1.37
6.46
7.97
29.58
1893
4.68
3.53
6.78
1.89
0.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.27
5.30
2.93
26.48
1894
10.39
3.96
1.47
1.00
1.40
0.75
0.00
T.
0.33
1.42
2.81
5.64
29.17
1898
4.62
5.28
0.47
0.35
1.68
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.36
0.89
0.91
0.99
15.82
1899
7.76
0.34
6.85
1.30
1.32
0.09
0.00
0.05
0.00
6.27
4.75
4.23
32.96
1900
4.68
1.21
2.66
1.59
0.47
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.12
2.54
4.60
2.52
20.57
4.88
4.53
3.31
2.05
1.12
0.20
0.02
0.01
0.29
1.92
3.12
5.26
26. 72
SUISUN, SOLANO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 20 feet.]
1881
7.17
3.46
1.06
1.41
0.10
0.50
0.79
0.00
0.31
0.73
1.27
4.28
21.08
188 9 t
1 78
2 53
2 57
1 53
14
00
00
00
00
2 43
2 82
57
14 37
1883
1.35
0.85
4.35
0.88
3.82
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.68
15
52
70
13 40
1884
2.64
4.48
6.33
3.78
0.30
1.69
0.00
0.00
T.
0.70
0.00
7 46
27 38
1885
1.06
1.25
0.64
1.52
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
05
22
10 38
4 43
19 57
1886
8.18
T.
1.87
4.02
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.49
0.22
1 80
16 73
1887
0.82
6.07
0.85
1.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
00
00
00
96
2 79
13 n 3
1888
4 28
1 58
3 97
00
65
30
00
00
70
00
3 88
4 48
1889
0.50
0.85
5.65
0.43
1.47
00
0.00
00
00
6 47
3 27
10 18
28 82
1890
7 38
4 50
5 46
1 10
1 02
00
00
00
33
00
00
2 81
1891.
0.76
8.99
1 00
2 85
94
00
00
00
1 06
00
27
6 69
92 56
1892
1 73
2 98
2 05
2 09
2 52
00
00
00
00
1 18
3 53
7 06
1893
4.19
2. 27
3.51
0.72
16
00
00
00
1 11
74
2 76
2 06
17 52
1894
6.33
2 29
88
41
1 85
77
00
00
95
1 28
53
1895
8.14
2.69
1.50
1 07
66
00
00
00
64
T
1 73
1 26
1896
9 57
11
3 04
5 53
15
00
00
56
34
1 44
5 29
1897
2.47
5.16
4 21
43
03
08
00
00
03
2 86
69
2 09
1898
1.42
2 18
14
32
1 38
27
00
00
46
88
30
1899
5 34
00
7 70
47
07
71
00
1900
4 00
53
1 65
1 48
35
02
00
00
02
65
Mean (20 years)
3.96
2 64
2 92
1 59
83
23
04
04
33
SUMMERDALE, MARIPOSA COUNTY.
[Elevation, 5,270 feet.]
1896
21.56
40
6 39
9 21
1 45
00
38
1 38
1897
4 42
17 66
11 35
1 13
28
63
1898
2 60
7 25
3 36
53
3 18
1899
7 96
1 24
18 66
1 70
99
1 79
1900
7 05
72
6 36
5 50
1 87
8 72
5 45
9 22
3 61
1 55
GENEBAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDRKDTHS) Continued.
SUMMIT. PLACER COUNTY.
[Elevation, 1,770 feet]
Year. .,
-
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Xov.
Dec.
Annual,
1871
7.60
7.55
4.05
4.00
31
89
00
00
30
40
8 50
27 00
60 60
um
4.00
16 10
5 90
5 60
30
00
00
00
0.00
00
00
6 00
37 C
1873
2.31
16.20
6 05
2.55
2.11
00
03
T
00
00
00
11 70
40 95
1874
5 00
00
00
2.00
3 60
T
00
00
00
3 80
3 60
85
18 85
1875
8.15
0.12
4 80
0.80
1 46
> 55
T
00
03
r 231
6.50
7 25
[33 861
1876
14.65
8.70
13 80
" 60
1 60
T
1 21
10
56
2 98
50
20
46 90
1877
8.90
0.69
3 44
4.84
3 75
12
00
00
30
55
3 34
80
26 73
1878
10 00
11 50
3 05
2 40
1 60
00
00
09
44
1 21
80
1 60
32.69
1879 . ..
13.65
8.70
21 05
4 52
2 55
10
00
T
CO
4 20
5 60
13 30
73 67
1880
6 60
7 50
8 90
30 40
3 60
00
80
00
00
00
50
6 20
64 50
1881
7 50
4 60
1 50
1 00
05
50
C 00
00
60
3 10
3 05
9 05
30 95
1882
7.40
9.00
19 30
3.25
60
00
C 00
00
75
1 95
3 95
4 9 1 *
62 12
18S3
1 00
2.60
7 70
3 43
3 42
00
00
oo
10
95
1 20
3 20
23 57
1884
7.60
12.70
9 10
12 60
80
4 04
00
00
1 10
3.13
00
9 40
60 47
1885
1 40
58
10
4 88
1 00
-
00
T
05
00
13.60
3 00
25 41
1886 . .
13 90
1 40
7 80
6 40
5
00
00
00
00
3 10
1.70
5.75
41 00
1887
6.25
20.70
1.40
5.80
95
1.60
10
T
T
07
1.50
11.60
. . -
1888
9 20
1 29
8 05
30
104
3 72
3 51
28
00
00
1 90
5.26
36 J5
1889
1.00
1 50
9 55
1 GO
6 30
22
00
CO
00
5 65
6.80
18.50
51 42
1890
19 20
11 60
14.00
2.60
25
CO
00
00
00
00
00
7 40
55 05
1891
1.50
1 38
5 10
4 60
1 10
00
00
00
[0 201
05
30
11 90
26 13
1892
4.00
3 40
7.40
4.50
6.30
0.20
0.00
00
0.00
60
- -
9.50
44 70
1893
7 90
10 (0
14 50
9 20
00
00
00
00
00
30
3 60
6.00
52 30
1'94
15.50
15 25
3 40
4.30
2.40
00
00
0.00
50
2 r O
1.00
24.50
69 75
1S95
25 80
4 20
4 70
2.50
40
00
00
00
20
00
1 40
8.30
49 5C
1896
10 50
70
9 70
18.20
5 40
00
ro <r i\
ro 021
40
90
12.30
4.10
62 43
1897
4.05
14.35
18.00
1.25
0.00
0.70
0.00
0.00
0.03
2.50
26.50
4.20
71.58
1898
4.00
7 10
5 20
80
2.90
90
00
00
00
4 40
2.50
3.60
31 40
1899
12.70
5 20
15 75
1.75
3.60
0.70
0.00
1.00
0.00
16.05
9.15
7.90
73.80
1900
5 25
4 75
8.15
4 80
3 97
50
25
T
95
3 50
6 90
3.50
42.52
Mean (30 vears)
-
7.01
8.05
5.19
2.14
0.58
0.20
0.50
0.*'
2.52
4.52
7.88
46.58
SCSANVILLE, LASSEX COUNTY.
[Elevation, 4,195 feet.]
1
1889 0.03
0.60 ' 4.81
1.07
6.26
1.55 | 0.06
0.00 0.00
4.18 2.74 8.55
29.84
1890. 8.72
4.71 ' 4.60
1.06
1.51
0.14 0.00
0.15 0.15
T. 0.35 3.47
24.86
1891 - 1. 00
7.84 2.49
0.80
2.41
1.65 0.55
T. 0.65
0.45 1.10 4.91
23.85
1MB. 1 77
2.96 2.80
2.80
1.35
0.98 0.00
0.00 [0.86]
0.83 10.66 6.80
31.81
1893 4.82
3.53 1.55
1.83
0.67
0.00 T.
T. 1.65
0.60 1.80 0.95
17.40
1894 ... 6.10
3.53 2.35
0.95
1.55
0.75 0.00
0.20 0.30
1.96 0.40 8.66
26.75
1895. . 10.29
3.00 1.26
0.50
1.50
T. T.
0.20 3.00
0.10 1.95 2.91
24.71
1896 6.94
0.05 3.23
5.10
2. ""
T. 0.20
0.20 1.33
0.50 3.88 2.96
26.61
1897 5. 99
4.25 2.66
0.30
0.90
0.42 0.00
0.08 > 0.55
2.45 3.13 2.22
22.95
1898 45
2.38 0.35
0.24
0.54
1.02 0.00
0.08 0.10
0.80 1.74 0.65
8.35
1899 2.90
0.31 3.32
0.92
1.42
0.00 0.00
0.46 0.00
5.21 2.70 ! 3.59
20.83
1900. 1.50
1.22 2.97
0.90
0.64
0.40 0.63
0. 02 0. 25
2.67 j 3.29 1 2.00
16.49
Mean (12 vears) 4.21
2.86 : 2.70
1.37
1.75
0.58 0.12
0.12 1 0.74
1.65 2.81 i 3.97
22.87
206
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
TEHACHAPI, KERN COUNTY.
[Elevation, 3,964 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1877
0.56
0.14
0.89
0.60
0.12
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
T.
0.50
2.91
5.74
1&78
2.59
6.32
1.76
1.93
0.28
0.09
0.00
T.
0.00
0.30
0.04
0.64
13.95
1879
2.62
0.45
0.19
1.39
0.09
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.52
1.03
5.52
11.93
1880
2.81
1.94
1.47
2.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.75
0.10
2.01
11.32
1881
1.79
2.05
2.94
0.50
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.32
0.10
0.60
1.12
8.48
1882
0.65
2.91
1.40
0.63
0.20
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.74
0.18
0.50
7.36
1883
0.15
4.47
1.51
2.72
1.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.81
0.14
0.72
12.25
1884
1.54
7.26
3.46
1.85
1.26
1.05
0.00
0.64
0,00
0.13
0.29
3.96
21.44
1885
0.10
0.00
0.26
1.48
0.30
0.00
0.05
0.31
0.00
0.00
3.70
0.52
6.72
1886
1.58
6.06
4.10
4.57
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
T.
1.15
0.60
18.16
1887
0.50
8.88
0.24
1.95
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.86
0.26
1.44
14.39
1888
2.67
2.60
1.20
1.25
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.65
11.52
1889
0.40
0.60
3.66
3.96
1.07
0.00
0.00
0.80
0.00
2.70
0.70
5.30
19.05
1890
1.75
0.70
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.50
0.00
0.00
3.48
6.73
1891
0.03
3.45
0.80
0.90
0.70
0.00
0.00
o.oo
1.17
0.00
0.00
3.10
10.15
1892
0.92
[2.68]
2.72
0.61
0.55
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
7.88
1893
0.85
3.61
5.00
0.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.50
5.25
16.36
1894
2.80
1.68
0.00
[1.24]
0.32
0.27
0.00
0.00
[0.10]
0.00
0.00
3.75
10.16
1895
3.21
0.69
1.08
0.50
0.75
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.44
0.60
0.26
7.53
18%
1.57
0.00
2.80
0.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.85
0.00
1.45
0.53
1.13
8.%
1897
1.78
2.03
0.18
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.38
0.00
1.00
5.64
1898
1.20
0.34
1.35
0.10
0.82
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.20
4.01
1899
0.68
0.60
1.62
0.00
0.22
0.38
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.57
1.53
0.61
6. 21
1900
0.64
0.39
0.29
1.29
0.50
0.23
T.
0.00
0.00
0.46
1.53
0.00
5.33
1.39
2.49
1.63
1.30
0.40
0.10
0.01
0.11
0.09
0.45
0.56
1.96
10.47
TEH AM A, TEHAMA COUNTY.
[Elevation, 220 feet.]
1871
3.00
1.60
0.81
1.83
0.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
8.04
1872
0.00
3.63
1.38
0.99
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
1.10
0.07
0.00
2.83
10.10
1873
1.46
4.64
0.77
0.08
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.63
13.58
1874
3.64
2.16
1.84
0.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.61
0.00
9.58
1875
3.87
0.00
0.47
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
0.95
5.15
2.00
12.44
1876..
4.80
4.44
2.87
0.98
T.
T.
0.75
T.
0.01
1.59
0.71
0.00
16.15
1877
1 87
1 45
1 89
04
1.84
0.42
10
02
00
2 05
1 59
1 64
12 91
1878
11.35
7.00
4.31
1.34
0.44
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.65
1.30
0.39
26.78
1879
2.07
0.94
1.25
1.55
1.20
0.10
01
70
00
92
3.00
4 58
16 32
1880
78
1 35
50
3 62
19
00
00
00
00
05
10
5 42
12 01
1881...
1.65
0.75
0.36
0.82
0.40
0.86
T
00
35
1 25
35
3 09
9 87
1882
1.03
2 93
2 17
1 32
05
28
00
00
08
2 72
3 77
62
14 97
1883
0.73
0.39
2.14
1.33
2 75
0.00
00
00
1 03
1 70
50
44
11 01
1884
3.15
2.08
4.94
2 61
20
1 55
00
00
00
69
00
6 16
21 38
1885
1 67
60
05
70
73
72
00
00
48
T
10 4
3 00
18 37
1886
4 08
T
98
4 00
18
00
00
T
00
T
o 00
1887..
33
4 29
1 10
1 56
45
00
00
00
00
00
1 56
2 6 9
11 91
1888
4 70
2 40
4 10
25
25
30
00
00
00
3 61
8 33
1889
0.20
0.30
10 41
62
34
95
00
n on
00
11 58
3 41
11 45
39 26
1890
4 68
1 05
3 79
75
1 45
oo
00
00
00
00
00
2 88
1891
1.08
9 00
1.50
2 26
1 96
39
1 00
00
06
50
50
4 79
03 Q4
1892
5 35
1 59
1 41
3 00
4 47
67
00
00
00
23
16 58
1893
4 68
4 99
8 03
3 76
75
00
1894
5.92
1 82
1 00
60
1 01
52
00
25
28
00
7 25
1895
11 23
2 85
32
48
80
00
1896
11 15
10
2 35
3 90
1 23
1897
2 53
5 97
1 91
1 11
08
86
00
1898.. .
55
3 20
00
25
98
1899
6 11
00
4 54
37
1900
3 59
1 35
1 42
2 85
1 19
53
3 68
2 43
2 35
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
207
PRECIPITATION OK CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
TRACY, SAX JOAQUIN COUNTY.
[Elevation, 64 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
2.32
2.07
2.15
96
0.66
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.32
1.55
1.97
12.27
1880
0.69
1 03
62
2.77
25
00
00
00
00
0.00
0.43
5 08
10 87
1881
1.85
1.61
0.95
76
00
00
0.00
00
T.
0.15
0.70
0.85
6.87
1882
70
50
2.43
1 48
46
00
00
00
20
75
0.70
20
7.42
1883 . .
1.90
0.40
1.83
30
1 82
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.30
0.55
7.70
1884
0.90
3 43
3.27
1 65
10
2 05
00
10
00
82
0.00
2 49
14.81
1885
0.93
0.10
0.10
37
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.60
0.85
7.95
1886
2.55
35
1 40
1 55
00
00
00
00
00
40
10
0.50
6.85
1887
0.03
2 93
29
3 02
00
00
0.00
00
T.
0.00
0.05
2.43
8.75
1888
1.99
0.84
0.61
0.00
0.54
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.00
2.85
1.71
9.08
1889
60
55
3 20
30
75
00
00
00
0.00
3.02
2.59
6.85
17.86
1890
4.76
1.98
1.58
0.97
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.45
0.00
0.00
1.83
12.74
1891
35
1.75
1 70
1 54
57
15
00
00
27
0.00
0.10
3.57
10.00
1892 . . .
0.43
0.95
1.90
0.71
1 00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.21
12.25
1893
1 22
1 14
1 51
55
00
00
00
00
04
00
0.87
0.87
6.20
1894
2.13
2.09
0.00
03
2.00
1.14
0.00
0.00
1.28
0.43
0.36
4.46
13.92
1895
2.82
1.22
0.48
0.50
0.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.40
0.77
0.76
7.61
1896
3.89
0.00
61
1 98
35
0.00
12
0.17
F0.201
0.80
1.45
1.13
10.70
1897
L38
1.77
2.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.24
[2.98]
0.72
8.46
1898
70
35
00
60
00
00
00
00
0.15
0.20
1.26
3.87
1899
2.16
0.02
4.89
0.14
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.78
2.24
1.47
14.97
1900
1 88
18
1 45
1 42
2 00
T
00
00
03
0.52
. 3.45
0.65
11.58
1 64
1 16
1 53
95
55
18
01
01
19
60
1 15
2.16
10.12
TCLARE (NEAR), TULARE COUNTY.
[Elevation. 274 feet.]
1893 64
1.20
3.02
0.33
00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
1.07
6.76
1894 . ... 1.28
0.34
1.16
0.13
0.36
1.15 0.00
0.00
0.50
0.11
0.06
2.99
8.08
1895 3.52
1 23
0.86
60
0.60
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.20
0.43
0.98
0.36
8.78
1896 ..] L78
0.01
0.72
1.03
0.14
0. 00 0. 14
0.06
0.03
0.74
1.11
0.46
6.22
1897 2.40
1.61
L29j
0.35
0.00
O.OC J 0.00
0.00
0.58
0.59
0.26
0.79
7.87
1898 0.63
0.97
0.72
T.
0.59
0.00 0.00
0.00
3.75
0.01
0.16
0.19
7.02
1899 92
14
2.28
17
02
45 00
0.00
T.
1.35
1.32
1.28
7.93
1900 1.02
0.10
0.77
1.78
2.03
0.00 T.
T.
0.18
0.04
2.41
0.19
8.62
Mean (8 years) 1. 52
0.70
1.35
0.55
0.47
0.20 0.02
0.01
0.66
0.41
0.85
0.92
7.6S
UKIAH, MENDOCINO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 620 feet.]
1877 7.38
4.70
17.24
6.17
2.17
4.96
7.87
1.25
3.32
1.91
0.23
7.85
2.07
0.84
5.00
10.38
3.70
6.75
9.41
5.17
1.50
10.35
7.08
0.43
2.49
2.14
7.60
14.47
4.45
0.70
4.06
3.62
5.42
0.25
2.96
1.74
3.84
9.94
9.47
2.44
3.56
8.36
3.03
4.80
3.95
6.87
0.68
7.53
3.99
0.59
1.27
3.36
11.78
1.08
1.92
3.21
5.16
0.43
6.43
3.21
0.10
1.36
2.56
2.59
3.83
4.12
2.36
1.36
5.97
0.91
0.80
0.56
1.91
0.35
0.27
2.36
1.84
0.08
0.50
2.71
0.43
0.36
0.98
0.41
0.23
4.25
0.86
1.10
2.61
1.63
1.21
1.96
2.94
0.09
1.03
2.05
0.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.01
0.14
0.00
0.00
2.18
0.15
0.00
0.32
0.00
0.00
1.27
0.00
T.
1.70
0.65
0.00
0.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.28
0.00
0.02
T.
0.11
0.02
T.
0.00
0.00
T.
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
T.
0.02
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.60
0.00
0.22
0.73
1.15
0.40
0.15
0.00
0.30
1.51
0.00
0.49
1.00
0.00
1.85
0.77
1.70
0.37
0.10
0.82
0.00
0.35
1.50
3.70
0.87
0.00
1.00
2.70
1.85
0.76
0.53
1.27
0.00
0.00
8.05
0.05
1.00
1.80
0.64
2.45
0.21
1.14
1.87
1.24
4.06
5.00
4.38
0.00
5.92
0.15
1.00
3.95
0.64
0.17
19.24
0.86
1.52
4.07
4.17
0.20
0.86
7.19
8.81
1.37
2.81
7.00
3.02
2.02
i.
5.42
3.59
0.68
10.08
12.27
6.72
2.88
1.31
12.94
5.43
4.43
4.89
7.48
15.63
4.80
8.60
8.93
3.65
15.47
4.98
10.60
2.77
2.41
6.94
4.98
24.63
50.84
48.39
37.69
26.01
28.02
18.62
33.74
30.95
26.90
22.48
31.95
45.43
38.17
30.70
35.67
40.58
53.02
42.30
50.21
31.93
17.96
40.99
29.56
1878 19.03
1879 4.44
1889 5 03
1881 10.25
1882 3.41
1883 2.88
1884 4.12
1885 2.51
1886 . .. 9.74
1887 2 56
1888... 10 <*>
1889.. 1.04
1890 . . 14.74
1891 2.13
1892 . . 4.05
1893 4 75
1894 . 15.68
1895 19 20
1896 . . 16.68
1897 4.25
1898. . 1.23
1899 10:54
1900 4.55
Mean (24 vears 1 . .. 7.52
5.12 4. S3 2.79 1.28
0.33
O.C3 0.01 0.57
1.74
3.90 6.77 34.86
208
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OP CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDHEDTHS) Continued.
UPPER LAKE, LAKE COUNTY.
[Elevation, 1,360 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Deo.
Annual.
1886
6.20
0.00
1.05
4.20
1.30
0.00
0.00
O.CO
0.00
0.55
0.25
2.85
16.40
1887
1.20
7.10
1.00
1.85
0.00
,0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.85
15.00
1888
7.30
1.40
1.75
0.00
0.80
0.35
T.
O.CO
0.85
0.00
3.20
3.95
19.00
1889
0.05
0.25
6. 75
0.55
2.20
0.00
0. 25
0.00
0.00
6.35
3.40
10.65
30. 45
1890
10.60
3.00
6.25
1.40
0.80
0.00
0.00
C.OO
0.60
0.00
0.00
6.00
28.65
1891
1.50
8.70
1.08
2.93
0.43
0.15
0.13
0.00
0.95
0.62
0.71
7.35
24. 55
1892
3.93
2.50
2.32
2.81
3.71
0.49
O.CO
0.00
T.
1.17
5.53
6.93
29. 42
1893
4.08
3.19
5.47
2.37
1.04
0.00
T.
0.00
0.85
0.47
4.83
2.82
25.12
1894.
10.43
6.21
1.80
1.46
1.02
1.12
0.00
T.
0.53
2.05
1.13
11.62
37.37
1895
14.89
4.15
3.20
1.41
1.39
0.00
0.05
T.
1.23
T.
2.09
3.83
32.24
1896
11.18
0.80
2.39
6.01
2.07
0.00
T.
0.87
0.42
1.04
5.07
6.47
36.32
1897
3.45
6.35
4.5
0.42
0.22
0.97
0.05
0.00
0.08
1.67
2.38
2.61
22. 7X
1898 .
0.93
4.57
0.36
0.43
1.90
0.58
0.00
T.
0.60
1.01
1.66
1.34
13.38
1899
8.16
0.25
5.59
0.90
1.00
0.05
0.00
0.03
0.00
3.49
6.33
9.79
35.59
1900
3.98
1.31
3.53
2.13
0.81
0.35
T.
0.00
0.03
3.96
5.08
3.63
24. 81
5 86
3.32
3.14
1.93
1.25
0.27
0.03
0.06
0.41
1.49
2.78
6.58
26.11
UPPER MATTOLE, HUMBOLDT COUNTY.
[Elevation, 244 feet.]
1887 9.61
11. HI
3.34
9.80
[4.90]
0.59
[0.12]
[0.06]
0.09
0.18
6.44
11.24
58.28
1888 41.63
4.13
8.96
1.51
0.48
4.19
0.11
T.
0.00
1.06
4.86
13.62
80.55
1889 ... 4.99
2.57
20.73
5.25
9.45
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.39
18.92
9.14
29.36
101.25
1890 33.40
20.36
17.83
4.38
0.40
0.74
0.07
T.
1.52
0.81
0.67
9.88
90.06
1891 . . 5.66
17.18
7.85
11.22
6.95
2.00
0.29
T.
2.30
4.94
4.55
17.31
80.25
1892 10. 37
5.58
8.08
9.52
5.80
0.39
0.00
0.00
1.61
4.75
13.69
24.48
84.27
1893 6. 01
8.25
18.05
10.96
4.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.09
3.65
14.93
9.50
78. 62
1894 27.56
11.97
8.45
3.80
2.05
3.09
0.00
0.00
2.75
6.12
5.52
27.77
99.08
1895 23.37
8.88
10.20
6.81
7.20
0.00
0.86
0.00
9.57
0.00
4.73
9.58
81.20
1896 26.22
3.59
8.03
17.02
9.91
0.50
0.00
0.65
0.74
3.93
13.44
18.49
102.52
1897 6.88
17.86
13.29
1.83
0.53
1.48
0.00
0.00
0.93
4.75
5.93
7.58
61.06
1898 3. 34
22.25
1.55
2.88
6.93
3.32
0.00
0.00
2.66
1.56
4.86
5.08
54.43
1899 14.30
4.24
11.25
1.47
2.84
0.12
0.00
0.22
1.00
9.54
32.85
17.84
95.67
1900 . . 12.27
8.20
9.37
6.51
3.61
1.84
0.00
0.00
0.32
15.02
6.56
12.31
76.01
Mean (14 years) 16.12
10.50
10.50
fi.iil
4. IX
1.34
0.10
0.07
1.93
5.37
9.16
15.29
81.66
VACAVILLE, SOLANO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 175 feet.]
1880
3.48
2.28
2.73
8.26
7.58
1.78
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
21.25
47. 43
1881
15.61
4.58
1.13
2.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.28
1.93
5.36
31.25
1882
2 76
3 38
4 17
2 37
19
0.80
0.00
O.CO
1 10
3 11
3.77
1.15
y oo
1883 ..
2.45
2.11
6.26
2.03
6.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.co
2.24
0.49
1.63
22.84
1884
6.02
7 19
11 45
7 48
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
41
1.20
0.00
16.18
50 17
1885
1.89
0.28
0.28
1.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
15.98
5.68
25. 95
1886
8.74
17
1.32
4.84
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
27
14
2 26
17 79
1887
1 34
9 40
1 06
2 65
00
00
00
C 00
16
00
1 01
5 62
"1 4
1888 ....
6.34
0.45
4.21
0.08
04
0.11
0.00
0.00
71
0.00
5 77
5 35
23 OS
1889
44
98
7 92
80
3 04
15
00
00
00
7 98
4 26
1' 48
38 05
1890
11.74
5.49
5.74
0.96
1 40
0.00
0.00
0.00
28
04
00
> i|->
28 57
1891
0.79
12 93
57
2 13
67
17
00
T
50
18
41
6 91
"."> "i;
l.sif
2 36
3 45
2 44
2 31
3 16
08
00
00
07
1 45
( 75
7 11
"9 IS
1893
4.50
3.13
4 54
80
55
00
T
00
18
20
:i 7<)
2 55
"0 "1
1894
8.70
4 50
1 18
62
1 55
84
00
00
1 13
3 33
63
12 80
35 28
1895
12.81
3.04
2 07
2 08
1 02
00
T
00
80
06
> 15
1 S7
"5 '111
1896
14.46
15
4 31
7 03
1 25
00
T
57
40
1 30
''3
3 54
T>9 24
1897
6.36
4.96
5.23
24
27
09
00
02
07
2 32
1 03
2 08
22 67
1898
1.59
3 01
19
52
1 94
00
00
00
49
1 06
44
1 30
10 54
1899
7 11
20
10 26
79
1 25
32
00
16
00
3 61
3 6
3 67
30 99
1900
3.82
52
" -Hi
1 39
34
T
00
00
07
1 32
6 1J 6*
1 68
17 86
Mean (21 vi-:irs)
5.87
3 44
3 79
2 44
1 44
17
T
04
30
1 44
3 08
5 S8
>7 88
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
209
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HTXDREDTHS) Continued.
VALLEY SPRINGS, CALAVERAS COUNTY.
[Elevation. 673 feet]
Year. , Jan.
I >
Feb. Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July. Aug.
Sept.
Oct. Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1888. . I B.3Z
49 1 74
1 94
23
00
1889 0.28
77 4.22
1 42
2.69
00
00 00
00
4.24 ' 4 34
1890. 7 28
3 62 5 03
1 75
2.35
00
0.00 00
9 - M
1891 058
3 15 7 45
60
70
74
00 00
23
1892. . 1 00
1 75 4.15
1 80
2.93
15
00 00
12
1893 3 24
3.46 7 32
L87
10
00
00 00
1 13
1894 . 6 91
5 86 0.91
95
4 09
1 28
1895 8.98
2.70 2.65
3 00
1 72
00
00 00
50
1896 6.43
4 3 13
6 59
90
00
1897 2 97
7 77 6 00
1.53
39
69
00 00
00
1898. 98
3 34 88
46
1 41
14
1899 2.78
21 7 04
55
G 9
8
00 09
00
1900. 1 46
96 2.62
3 19
1 41
04
Mean (13 years) 3.78
2 64 4.09
2 13
1 50
30
03 01
41
VEXTURA. VENTURA COUXTY.
[Elevation, 50 feet.]
1892.. .. 1.01
4-54
2.25
57
00
00
00
00
00 70
1893 3 17
3 02
8 19
42
04
00
00
00
1894 81
50
27
17
50
00
13
T
95 - 10
T
1895 : 6.11
1.00
3 17
47
07
00
00
T
T 10
74
1896 5 13
T
2 16
1 10
T
20
T
1897. . 4 07
4.83
1 77
05
04
00
00
01
50 1 50
07
1898. 1 54
74
.
00
1 40
00
1899.. 4 89
00
1 73
42
T
71
00
00
T 1 56
1900 1.90
0.10
1.19
0.38
1 40
T
T
00
T 25
A 47
03
Mean(9vears) 3.18
1.64
2.38
40
38
08
04
T
28 67
1 1ft
1.18
1 88
VIXA, TEH AM A COUNTY.
[Elevation, 213 feet.]
1889
09
29
6 95
1 19
1 94
50
00 00
00
7 24
1890...
6.05
3.58
4.26
0.00
2.11
00
00 00
51
00
00 2.21
1891
9"
9 29
50
2 06
80
50
08 00
00
4fl
1892.
4.13
1.13
1.50
2.30
1 67
19
00 00
00
1 06
3 41 5 88
1893
' 99
3.24
4.62
2.21
0.70
0.00
00 0.00
63
02
I 99 | 2.15
18 55
1894
4.18
2.51
1.41
0.89
96
51
00 00
1 05
1 13
0.65 ' 8 28
1895..
8.24
2.39
2 60
0.94
1.47
0.00
0.26 00
2.18
00
1 20 ' 1 71
20 99
1896
9 01
17
2 16
3.72
1 C3
00
00 40
96
70
1897..
4.43
4.28
2.05
1.30
0.00
25
00 00
20
P321
88 1 88
1898
0.85
3.28
[2.89]
[L62]
[L19]
0.00
00 00
ro en
fl 321
04 1 05
12.85
l'*99
6 68
00
3.78
59
0.96
1 13
00 00
00
n *?2i
2.62 ' 2.45
1900..
3.07
0.77
1.55
3.30
1.65
0.35
0.00 05
T
1 96
4.45 1.65
- - ^
MP^TI (12 ypftrs) ,,
4.22
2.58
2.86
1.68
1.21
0.29
03 04
51
1 37
1 81 4 08
20 66
VOLCAXO SPRIXGS, SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 220 feet.]
1889 0.82
0.00
0.67
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
00
013 40
2.74
1890 09
-
00
03
000 000 003 007
00
0.00 00
47
*-'
1891.. 0.00
2.62
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 33
00
00 0.00
00
1892 16
59
04
00
001 0. 00 000 000
00
0. 02 00
00
1893.. 0.02
00
0.00
00
T. | 0.00 1 20 45
00
00 0.30
00
1894 00
00
00
00
00 00 00 T
00
1 08 00
1 00
1895. 1.42
00
00
00
0.00 000 000 000
00
0.00 00
00
1896 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 T
00
00 00
ro 5*>i
5
1897 00
00
00
00
00 0.00 T | 03
00
00 00
T
1898 T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 < [0 09]
00
00 1 00
47
56
1899. 00
00
00
00
000 000 004 007
13
19 20*
T
1900.. .... 55
0.00
0.63
T
0. 00 000 008 000
03
0.60 05
00
Mean (12 vears) 0.26
32
0.11
T.
T. 000 Oil 009
01
17 ' 08
43
1 59
1176 Bull. L 08
210
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
WESTLEY, STANISLAUS COUNTY.
[Elevation, 90 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual
1889
0.38
0.33
2.60
0.41
0.88
T.
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.65
1.92
4.92
14.09
1890
3.48
1.69
0.89
1.13
0.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.75
9.27
1891
0.12
2.27
1.46
1.21
0.18
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.11
0.07
3.25
8.98
1892
0.44
1.32
1.91
0.82
o:s5
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.46
1.74
1.77
4.11
13.42
1893
1.38
1.57
2.56
0.74
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.64
1.00
8.29
1894
1.93
1.78
0.11
0.04
1.19
0.85
0.00
0.00
0.80
0.65
0.23
4.67
12.25
1895
4.16
0.87
1.15
0.91
0.48
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.04
0.90
0.51
9.14
1896
5.62
0.00
1.42
1.45
0.38
0.00
0.35
T.
0.31
1.95
4.16
1.01
16.65
1897
1.60
2.46
2.03
0.00
0.11
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.86
0.13
0.75
8.02
1898
0.53
0.58
0.68
0.00
0.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.39
0.20
0.89
4.04
1899 .
2.37
0.00
3.17
0.20
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.50
2.31
0.88
10.93
1900
1.77
0.00
0.55
1.09
2.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.65
0.10
4.38
1.38
11.96
Mean (12 years)
1.98
1.07
1.54
0.67
0.66
0.09
0.03
T.
0.23
0.83
1.39
2.09
10.59
WHEATLAND, YUBA COUNTY.
[Elevation, 84 feet.]
1888
4.13
1.06
2.42
0.16
0.38
0.35
0.02
0.00
0.32
0.00
2.69
5.06
16.59
1889
0.12
0.37
5.52
0.80
1.98
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.41
3.16
7.51
26. 19
1890
4.75
4 17
4 45
1.40
1.84
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.01
0.00
0.00
2.19
19.81
1891
0.52
5.72
1.41
1.72
2.10
0.16
0.08
0.00
0.02
0.14
0.75
3.14
15.76
1892
3 12
2.55
4.16
2.29
2.96
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
1.04
5.81
4.32
26. 32
1893
3.16
3.17
3.90
1.14
0.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.28
2.82
1.85
17.50
1894
5 71
3.82
1 09
0.66
2.58
0.85
0.00
0.14
0.4-
1.62
0.77
10.75
28.46
1895
8.95
2.06
1.63
1.34
1.29
0.00
0.05
0.00
2.63
10
1.59
1.51
21. 15
1896
8.54
0.29
2.37
6.21
1.14
0.00
0.00
0.28
1.12
1.18
4 91
2.40
28.44
1897
3 13
5 00
1 78
92
0.26
24
0.00
0.01
0.12
2.23
1.64
1.89
17.22
1898
0.85
4.25
0.02
0.24
1.03
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.84
1.35
1.78
10.80
1899
4 38
10
5 45
29
1 08
0.29
0.00
0.14
0.00
5.73
4.26
3.83
25.55
1900
4.67
69
1.90
1.58
2.18
T.
T.
0.00
0.11
2.19
3.98
1.66
18. 9f
4 00
2 56
2 78
1 44
1 50
18
01
04
0.51
1.67
2.59
3.68
20.98
WHITTIER, LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
[Elevation, 239 feet.]
1889 15
28
3 65
15
93
00
0.00
0.95
0.00
3.21
1.39
[1. 78]
12. 49
1890 ' 5 13
1 58
50
00
00
00
00
00
0.19
0.00
0.15
1.60
9.15
1891 . . .. 0.00
8 37
40
85
30
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.50
11.42
1892 0.90
2.15
2.25
0.21
1.69
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
1.40
2.87
11.58
1893 3.25
2 43
7.35
23
0.20
0.00
0.00
00
0.00
1.00
0.20
2.36
17.02
1894 0.65
0.55
0.63
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
T.
0.00
5.03
6.96
1895 6.71
77
3 30
0.43
33
0.00
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.89
0.39
12.82
18% S.37
0.00
3.60
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.45
2.85
1.52
12.80
1897 4.13
4.90
3 57
0.00
00
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.50
0.00
0.00
16.10
1898 ' 1 10
30
1 41
18
2 22
00
00
00
00
00
00
0.75
5.96
1899 3.45
0.10
1.84
0.24
05
70
00
0.00
0.00
1.45
1.05
0.96
9.84
1900 1.75
0.00
1.20
0.48
2.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.00
0.00
13.63
Mean (12 years) ... 255
1 79
2 48
24
66
06
00
08
02
89
1.33
1.56
11.65
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
WILLIAMS. COLCSA COUNTY.
[Elevation. 89 feet.]
211
Year. Ian. Feb. Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1877 2.16 115 033
05
25
T
T
00
1878 8.79 6 75 2.29
64
50
1879 1 80 1 43 "37
1 48
85
13
00
1880 78 77 0.43
3 67
82
1881 402 115 050
1 65
17
20
1882 L32 137 121
1 15
05
17
00
00
20
1883 73 18 1 29
38
1 75
00
1884 301 133 3.93
1 96
T
2.96
00
00
33
1885 1 38 53 15
1 26
00
1886 3.83 000 089
3.01
00
00
00
1887 35 4.35 1 30
1888 2.22 070 172
00
08
1889 032 050 3. 42
15
95
05
00
00
rn Wl
1890 3.20 2.90 3.30
65
1 77
1891 0.24 9.62 35
1 44
30
12
00
u.w
1892 2.33 1 34 1 54
1 10
1 74
00
00
00
00
1893 3.07 2.80 'A S6
go
1 14
00
1894 327 107 086
15
1 59
60
00
00
1895 6.32 1 28 1 34
75
13
00
T
00
88
13
1 25
1896 ' 7 47 18 1 65
2.90
36
00
T
] 10
o 1*
1897 .*. 2.90 2.74 1 48
25
20
31
OQ
00
T
1898..... 35 2.3 00
20
90
00
00
1899 4.77 00 3 38
22
15
T
00
00
00
u.
1900 i 2.24 020 080
1 13
58
05
00
00
T
Mean (24 years) ' 2.79' 186 159
1 09
62
25
T
05
28
68
r - 1
WILLOWS, GLEKX COCXTY.
[Elevation, 136 feet.]
1879 1 68
83
1.16
1 35
56
-
02
05
00
05
1880 0.63
0.60
0.74
3 83
42
00
00
00
00
00
10
6 33
1881 3 75
1 12
56
1 64
17
18
00
00
44
47
10
1882. 67
2 00
1.47
63
00
27
00
00
00
1 10
2.30
49
8 93
1883.. 43
0.23
1.40
0.86
1.64
0.00
00
00
41
1 30
15
05
6,47
1884 5 42
3.11
4.80
-.-
12
90
00
00
13
69
00
1M 1 19
0.24
05
94
20
18
00
00
30
30
7 28
3 37
14 05
1886 4 04
1 36
35
2.45
00
00
00
00
00
00
T
1 19
1887 17
2.77
1 16
2.78
00
00
00
00
00
00
95
2.17
10 00
1888. ? 99
1.38
1.82
0.08
0.24
0.29
0.00
10
10
00
' 43
3 61
13 04
1889 54
66
1 58
27
71
30
00
00
00
, -
2 30
8 52
1890 5.36
1 98
3.85
55
55
00
00
00
00
, ,.
00
3 45
16 62
1891 i 67
9 03
96
--
1 99
05
00
00
04
4
51
3 59
1892... 3 45
3 20
2.93
1.71
2.95
20
00
00
00
55
5 75
6 45
27 19
1893 i 4 80
4.30
4.05
0.95
0.45
0.00
0.00
00
14
00
2.40
8
18 07
1894 3.65
0.95
1.03
0.40
1.10
0.80
0.00
0.00
0.75
98
07
9 39
19 12
1895 9 97
1.65
1.55
0.90
0.78
- 0.00
0.08
0.08
1 21
1 29
2 48
82
20 81
1896 9 96
10
2.06
3 22
88
00
00
62
75
85
2.55
5 19
26 18
1897... 2.81
4.26
0.62
0.47
0.40
30
0.00
00
00
98
54
47
10 85
1898. 70
2.46
T.
0.26
L17
T.
0.00
0.00
0.36
70
30
99
6 94
1899. . 6 58
00
3 20
50
20
24
00
T
00
*> 40
3 31
2 74
19 15
1900 2.95
15
1 10
1 33
1 15
10
00
00
T
2.13
4 37
1 00
Mean ( years) 3.29
1.93
1.66
1.34
0.72
0.18
T.
0.04
21
99
1 86
3 26
15 47
212
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION OP CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS) Continued.
WINTERS, YOLO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 136 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Ap,
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1889
0.36
0.50
8.40
0.58
1.92
0.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.95
4.58
12.74
35.18
1890
12. 17
5.03
4.63
0.97
1.48
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.23
0.00
0.00
3.71
28.22
1891
0.00
13.52
1.10
2.05
0.75
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.34
3.57
22.13
1892
2.77
3.13
1.89
0.82
2.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.61
0.00
13.68
24.98
1893
4.47
3.87
4.93
0.93
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
2.07
2.02
18.69
1894
8.07
3.53
0.73
0.60
1.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.85
1.39
0.44
14.70
31.51
1895
13.37
1.95
1.26
1.38
0.92
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.04
0.00
1.85
0.86
22.63
18%
14.81
0.25
3.26
5.69
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.58
0.07
0.41
3.50
2.60
31.67
1897
6.59
5.54
3.96
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.55
0.02
1.76
19.44
1898
0.40
2.59
0.00
0.26
1.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.42
1.20
0.29
1.35
7.%
1899
6.81
2.59
4.98
O.G9
0.76
0.28
0.00
0.04
0.00
2.32
2.43
3.02
23.92
1900
4.87
0.38
1.23
0.97
0.75
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.41
6.18
1.46
16.25
6.22
3.57
3.03
1.25
1.02
0.06
0.00
0.05
0.26
1.16
1.81
5.12
23,55
WIRE BRID(iE, PLACER COUNTY.
[Elevation, 565 feet.]
1894
9.18
9.07
2.19
1.27
2.65
1.02
0.00
T.
0.74
2.60
1.17
13.31
43.20
1895
14.44
3.15
3.34
3.46
2. 21
0.00
T.
0.25
1.81
0.14
1.27
2.74
32.81
18%
11.40
0.58
6.38
8.00
2.46
0.00
0.30
0.18
0.91
1.04
8.75
3.04
43.04
1897 . . .
2.20
9.%
7.13
1.60
0.17
0.28
0.00
0.10
0.29
2.43
2.47
3.26
29.89
1898
1.17
6.58
0.40
0.48
2.09
0.88
0.00
0.00
0.60
1.90
3.47
2.63
20.20
1899
6.22
0.20
13.18
0.55
1.34
1.30
0.00
0.12
0.00
6.53
8.32
6.06
43. 82
1900
5.22
1.68
4.82
3.44
2. 34
T.
0.00
0.00
0.43
4.00
5.87
1.95
29.75
7.12
4.46
5.35
2.69
1.89
0.50
0.04
<i. 09
0.6S
2.66
4.47
4.71
34.67
WOODLAND, YOLO COUNTY.
[Elevation, 63 feet.]
Ig73
1.25
2.84
0.56
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
1.15
10.44
16.62
1874
5.99
1.33
2.85
0.64
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.26
2.79
0.16
17.42
1875
5.22
0.35
0.66
0.00
0. 15
1.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.44
3.87
2.49
14.77
1876
4.40
4.85
4.24
1.40
0.45
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.17
3.37
0.27
0.00
19.31
1877
3.95
1.42
0.77
0.03
0.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.94
1.10
1.29
10.03
1878
11.52
7.61
2.30
1.25
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.34
0.88
0.01
24.84
1879
2.62
3.25
4.48
2.40
1.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
7.15
3.66
25.48
1880
1.33
1.22
0.97
6.84
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.73
19.37
1881
4.50
1.93
0.97
1.39
0.00
0.35
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.25
1.87
2.37
14.13
1882
1.24
1.87
2.34
1.51
0.03
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.82
2.04
2.42
1.05
13.39
1883
0.91
0.60
3.24
1.22
4.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.54
1.04
0.30
0.54
13.04
1884
3.67
4.07
6.53
4.03
0.00
3.02
0.00
0.00
0.22
1.61
0.00
5.57
28.72
1885
1.62
0.15
0.15
1.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.05
8.70
2.73
14.96
1886
5.81
0.00
1.71
4.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.59
0.00
1.39
13.64
1887
0.88
7.56
0.75
1.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.60
3.67
15.36
1888
3.88
0.97
2.80
0.10
0.77
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.56
0.00
6.25
4.51
19.84
1889
0.19
0.49
6.14
0.84
2.01
0.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.54
3.54
8.16
27.34
1890
5.10
2.40
3.35
1.00
1.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.60
0.00
0.00
2.35
16.40
1891
0.82
8.08
0.35
1.17
0.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
3.10
14.35
1892
2.05
2.73
2.14
1.28
2.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.57
5.47
6. 10
22.56
1893
2.88
2.78
2.00
0.62
0.61
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
1.71
1.80
12.48
1894
3.99
2.00
0.80
0.33
1.45
0.64
0.00
0.00
0.82
1.01
0.85
10.69
22.58
1895
9.63
1.18
0.83
0.47
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.33
0.00
1.56
0.87
16.27
1896
11.40
T
2.37
6 48
0.64
0.00
0.00
0.36
0.44
1.27
3.74
1.78
28.48
1897
3.10
4.85
2.18
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T.
1.69
0.58
0.00
12. 59
1898
0.41
2.08
0.00
0.23
1.23
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.35
1.08
0. 52
1.57
7.68
1899
5.02
0.00
4.87
0.26
0.50
0.98
0.00
0.00
o.oo
3.55
3.29
3.45
21.92
1900
2.14
0.40
1 20
96
0.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.46
5. 17
1.22
13.09
Mean (28 years)
3.77
2.39
2. 20
1.51
0.76
0.26
0.01
0.01
0.24
1 09
2.29
3. 20
17.74
GENERAL PRECIPITATION TABLES.
PRECIPITATION OF CALIFORNIA (INCHES AND HUNDREDTH*) Continued.
YREKA. SISKIYOU COUNTY.
[Elevation. 2.635 feet.]
213
Year. - Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
*Ang.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1KB 3.83
1 91
1 67
24
44
00
14
o oo
25
1 55
1 43
1873 . i 1 28
1 77
40
90
60
00
00
00
44
So
1874 3.78
1 62
1 49"
74
34
44
.
00
00
1 29
> |g
1S75 4 35
19
1 23
17
51
30
07
00
00
1876 > 00
1 93
07
42
65
1877 . 1 20
3.24
1 48
74
1 56
65
18
00
00
1878 6 12
3 91
-' SO
37
56
1879 1 53
1 41
3 96
1 56
1 42
39
22
1880 ? 43
61
1 20
2 23
41
00
15
00
00
13
10
1881 11 78
2.58
19
1 48
00
1 65
1882 1.81
1 96
42
1 20
1
00
00
00
90
1 88
1 89
1883 1 38
47
53
1 26
25
1884 '10
1 20
4 44
1 41
1 40
1 78
1 33
51
33
1885 1 16
9 94
00
1 12
3 65
1886 4 03
91
74
1 78
1 05
1 51
00
30
1W ? '1
3 01
41
2.35
1 42
84
1 28
31
21
00
1 04
1 99
1888. 4 90
1 19
1 16
11
1 12
24
87
1889 1.30
1 30
2 12
1 32
1 70
10
94
00
00
3 53
2 23
4 08
1890a
1891 * 0.45
3 59
1 15
93
1 48
1 36
41
00
8**
43
> 50
1892 1.65
0.15
1 02
[1 06]
P291
x-
31
00
61
05
3 37
3 64
1888. 1 20
2.53
1 53
o jo
87
3 1 *
58
1 12
54
7 83
1894 : 7.5J
3 22
3 32
10
3 31
70
77
41
01
1 60
57
5 40
1895 5 30
1 03
> 26
81
1 59
43
T
1896. . .. 7 37
1 08
1 89
28
75
81
73
1 01
5
89
5 02
3 TO
1897 42
3 89
> 18
39
~S
1896... 83
1 44
42
48
> os
10
02
05
14
51
> 74
1899 2.75
1 95
1 77
21
62
61
03
12
07
o 34
5 00
3.80
19 27
1900... 1.35
2 13
1 12
42
37
1 36
00
1 35
43
3 66
2 CO
3.23
17 42
Mean (28 vears) 3 11
1 90
1 46
1 01
1 24
64
41
YUBA CITY, SCTTER COUNTY.
[Elevation 70 feet.]
1892 1 3 28 3 48
3 54
1 91
3 03
T
00
T
20
1 17
6 75
T 52
- ,.
1893 2 99 3 22
3 75
1 01
1 07
00
00
00
31
25
1894. . 4 95 2 32
89
46
2.26
70
T
00
80
1 99
86
11 15
26.38
1895 9.58 1 75
1 12
1 00
58
00
T
T
> 79
06
1 85
1 25
19 9g
UBS. . 10 07 32
2.21
5 69
90
T
T
30
97
76
5 43
> 7i
29 35
1897 4.94 4 13
2.13
1 00
42
07
00
03
23
2.23
1 30
1 78
18 23
1898. 66 4 36
T
35
L47
00
00
00
41
50
92
1 42
10 09
1899 i 5.07 11
-
63
1 54
43
00
18
00
4 42
4 82
3 62
27 49
1900 5 20 45
1 91
2 67
1 06
16
00
10
10
2 17
4 27
1 71
19 go
Mean i9 vears) 5.19 2,24
2 47
1 64
1 37
15
T
07
65
1 51
3 19
3 48
1 94
No data.
SNOWFALL.
At the beginning of the year 1901 the weather bureau office at San Francisco made an effort
to collect reports concerning the amount of snowfall in the mountains chiefly for the purpose of
affording some data upon which forecasts of the probable supply of water available for irrigating,
mining, and other purposes might be based. Not for many years had the snowfall been so heavy
in central and southern California as during the winter of 1900-1901 and the outlook for an
abundant supply of water so promising. It does not necessarily follow that a winter of heavy
snowfall Ls succeeded by a season of bountiful water supply. In some States it has been found
that dry ground absorbs so large a proportion of snowfall under certain favorable conditions
that the anticipated run-off is not reached. Again, the melting of the snow may not occur
rapidly enough and the evaporation prove excessive, especially if high north winds or mountain
winds of the ''Chinook" type prevail. Finally the manner in which the snow packs as it falls
will determine largely the rate of flow during the ensuing warm months. During the month of
February, 1901, the snowfall generally in the mountains of California was heavy. Particularly
in the southern half of the Sierra Nevada and Sierra Madre was this the case. The following
forecast was made at the close of February and was amply verified:
There is every prospect of an abundant supply of water during the coming spring and summer months. In the
mountains of the central and southern portions of the State there is stored a sufficient quantity of well-packed snow,
probably in excess of the amounts for any season for four or five years past. In northern California, while there
will be an ample supply of water, the snowfall has not been as heavy as might have been expected during the wet
winter.
Following are the notes made by different observers who were kind enough to make
snowfall reports:
JANUARY, 1901.
NORTH ERX CALIFOHSIA.
Bear Valley (near Emigrant Gap). Snowfall heavier than last year, but considerably less than average. The
weather has been too warm for snow, but have had plenty of rain. Until four years ago the snowfall was from 8 to
14 feet on a level, but since then it has not been more than 4 feet, (James Rose. )
Bodie. Snowfall last season, to January 26, 42 inches; this season, to same date, 139 inches. (Benjamin
Robinson. )
Edmonton (Meadow Valley). Average snowfall, 70 inches; this season, to January 26, 136 inches; last season,
to same date, 47 inches; total precipitation this season, same date, 50.34 inches; last season, 51.35 inches. (J. A.
Edman. )
Greenville. Average snowfall, about 36 inches; this season, to January 3, 43 inches. The snow is melting
slowly and will be of much benefit to crops. (C. H. Higbie.)
lou'a Hill. The snowfall in 1890 was about 100 inches. It has been decreasing every season; last season, 8
inches. (C. F. Macy.)
Laporte. Snowfall las<t January, 98 inches; this year, to January 26, 94.5 inches. The average snowfall from
July 1 to June 31, for five seasons, is 288 inches. The average January snowfall is 76 inches. (C. W. Hendel. )
Xorth Bloomfield. The supply of water is probably not greater than last season, but depends upon February and
March storms. Average snowfall, about 24 inches; above timber line, 84 inches. (L. L. Myers.)
X'u-th .S/i Juan. Average snowfall, 2 to 3 inches; at timber line, 6 to 8 feet; above timber line, 10 to 14 feet.
(Dr. A. Fouch.)
Quincy. Average snowfall, about 42 inches; will have best water season since 1897. fW. J. Edwards.)
Red Bluff. More snow than usual; greater supply of water. (Maurice Connell.)
Reddiny. Average snowfall, about 7 inches. In mountains to the west, snow very heavy and much above
average; to the east (Sierras), much lighter. (L. F. Bassett.)
215
216 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
Rosewood. Average snowfall, about 8 inches; for 1899, 22 inches; 1900, none. (C. F. Stivers.)
Shasta. Average snowfall, 8 inches; this year above average. (Dr. T. J. Edgecomb. )
Sisson. From appearance of surrounding mountains there is double the amount of snow to same date last year.
Mount Eddy and Mount Shasta are covered and canyons are full. (C. F. Galbreath.)
Susanville. Snowfall to January 31, 1894, 23 inches; 1895, 117 inches; 1896, 16 inches; 1897, 36 inches; 1898, 9
inches; 1899, 50 inches; 1900, 45 inches. (James Branham.)
Truckee. Average snowfall, 95 inches; at timber line, 13 feet; above timber line, 16 feet. Snowfall for this
season above average. (C. B. White.)
Yreka. The snowfall this season, 63 inches, is greater than in any year since 1890 and the heaviest for one
storm ever known. (Robert Rankin. )
COAST AND BAY SECTIONS.
Eureka. In the mountains, at an altitude of 4,000 feet, the snow is deep. It is reported that the snowfall is
unusually heavy in Trinity and Siskiyou counties. (A. H. Bell.)
laqua, Humboldt County. Average snowfall; about 18 inches; this season above average. More precipitation this
year than in any year since 1862. (W. E. Williams.)
Simmler, San Luis Obispo County. No snow to date; average fall about 4 inches. Rainfall to January 26, 10
inches; total last season, 5.70 inches. (A. F. Hubbard.)
SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY.
Bigtrees, Calaveras County (elevation 4,700 feet). Snowfall, November 19 to January 10, 50 inches; rainfall to
January 11, 29 inches. (J. M. Hutchings. )
Bishop. Snowfall more than for several years; rainfall in Owens Valley greater than usual. (W. A. Chalfant.)
Fort Tejon, Kern County. Snowfall not above average, which is about 3 feet, and from 4 to 5 feet above timber
line. (J. G. Stitt.)
Independence. Snowfall at station, 7 inches about double that of last year and more than average for past four
years. The water supply will be very much greater than last season. (John J. McLean.)
Summerdale. This season's snowfall (to January 31) is about 12 inches more than last season's, but less than
average. The average at timber line is 3 to 4 feet and above timber line 10 to 15 feet, The rainfall has been the
heaviest on record. (J. H. Lowry. )
Tehachapi. Snowfall exceeds that of last season. Average, about 3 feet; in the higher mountains, 12 feet.
(W. H. Knapp.)
Tejon Rancho, Kern County. Creeks and springs are lower than I have known them for twenty years past.
(E. M. Pogson.)
Thebe, Inyo County. Snowfall greater than last season's. Average, about 12 inches; at timber line, probably 8 to
10 feet. (C. Kispert.)
West Point. Snowfall about the same as last season's and considerably less than average. (T. A. Wilson.)
SOUTHEEN CALIFORNIA.
Beaumont. Snowfall greater than last season's, but less than average; at timber line the average is 15 feet.
(J. W. Elder.)
Campo, San Diego County. Snowfall exceeds last season's, but is less than average; the same is true of rainfall.
(A. Campbell. )
Cuyamaca. Average snowfall for thirteen years, 33 inches; this season (to January 26), 1 inch. Owing to
heavy rains, the water supply will probably be greater than last season. (G. H. Nelson.)
North Ontario. Average snowfall in the mountains, 8 to 12 feet; the fall exceeds last season's, and the water sup-
ply will be greater. (A. P. Harwood.)
San Jacinto. Snowfall in the upper valley on the 27th and 28th of January, from 6 to 10 inches. (C. A. Harper.)
FEBRUARY, 1901.
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA.
Bear Valley (near Emigrant Gap). This season's snowfall is about 75 inches greater than last season's. Snow on
ground February 9, over 5 feet; February 25, 30 inches; at the summit February 10, 14 feet. Heavy warm rain
reduced snow. (James Rose. )
Blue Canyon. Very little snow left here now (February 23). The snowfall has been 4 feet greater than last
season's. (J. Knapp.)
Bodie. Snowfall greatly exceeds last season's; 48 inches on ground February 20. (Benjamin Robinson.)
Boivman's dam. Snowfall much greater than last season's; 54 inches on ground February 28; 8 feet February 10,
which was reduced by warm rains. (A. F. Hippert. )
Castle Crag. Snow on ground February 28, 10 inches; snowfall greatly exceeds last season's. The water supply
will be much greater than last season. (H. O. Wickes. )
SNOWFALL. 217
Cedarritte. Snowfall to February 25 has been 29 inches in excess of last season's; now on ground, about 12 inches.
(T. H. Johnstone.)
Dunsmuir. Snowfall greatly exceeds that of last season; on ground February 6, 60 inches. (R. K. Mont-
gomery. )
El Dorado. Snow on ground February 23, 4 inches; average fall at timber- line, 12 feet; above timber line, 16
feet; snowfall greatly exceeds last season's. (C. E. Deuden. )
Elder (Hwnboldi County). Snowfall greater than last season's; on ground February 25, 6 inches. (William
Lyons. )
Eureka. On South Fork Mountains, 100 miles east, snow is reported 20 feet deep. Warm rains are melting snow-
rapidly. (A. H. Bell.)
Georgetown. Snowfall exceeds last season's; 27 inches fell during February, but there is none on the ground now
(C. M. Fitzgerald.)
Grass Valley. Snowfall exceeds last season's; none on ground at present. ( B. F. Berriman.)
Greenville. Eight inches of snow on ground March 1, and much heavier in timber; snowfall exceeds last season's
(C. H. Higbie.)
Lyomville (Tehama County). This season's snowfall, 4 feet, has been the heaviest in three years, but there is
none on ground at present. (J. C. Hillhouse, P. M.)
Manton (Tehama County). The snowfall is above average; on ground February 25, 12 inches. (W. E. Hazen. )
Markleemlle. The seasonal snowfall is more than double that of last season and the water supply will be much
greater. (H. F. Musser, P. M.)
Montague. The snowfall exceeds that of last season; on ground February 23, 42 inches. (H. A. Roterman.)
Oleta. Snowfall this season, 4 inches, which melted the following day; last season, none. At elevations of 5,000
feet the snow has nearly all disappeared. ( Isaac Cooper. )
Hicerville. More snow has fallen this winter than for many years, but there is none on ground at present. The
average seasonal snowfall at timber line is 10 inches; this season, 4 feet. ( J. Leigh Rowley. )
Quincy. This season's snowfall, over 90 inches, is greater than last. On ground February 27, 12 inches. Aver-
age at timber line, 12 feet; above, 20 feet. ( W. J. Edwards.)
Rosewood. Snowfall last season, 1 inch; this season, 12J inches; none on ground at present. At 4,000 feet
elevation the average seasonal is about 3 feet; in January, this year, 6 feet. (H. F. Stivers.)
SuMnrifle. This is the best season since 1895; snowfall double that of last season. None on ground at present.
(James Branham.)
Tnxkee. Snowfall greater than last season's; on ground February 23, 9 inches; average seasonal at timber line
13 feet; above, 16 feet. (C. B. White.)
Weaverrille. Snowfall greater than last season's; none on ground here February 27; at timber line, about 3 feet;
average at timber line, 8 feet; above, 10 feet. (A. S. Paulson.)
CENTRAL AND SOCTHEHX CALIFORNIA.
Bishop. The season's snowfall exceeds that of last season and the water supply will be much greater.
(W. A. Chalfant.)
Independence. Greatest seasonal snowfall to date for nine years. At 11,000 feet elevation the approximate
depth February 26, is 7 feet; average seasonal at timber line, 10 feet. ( John J. McLean.)
Mokelumne Hill. Season's snowfall greater than last; 6 inches fell during February. In the mountains the
fall during February was greater than for several years. Creeks and springs are full. The water supply will
be much greater than last season. (C. E. Prindle. )
Summerdale. The season's snowfall to March 1 is 18 inches more than last season's; 28 inches now on
ground. The snow is packed like ice and the ground is very wet. (J. H. Lowry. )
Tehachapi. Seasonal snowfall greater than last; on ground February 24, 12 inches. Water supply will be
greater than last season. (W. H. Knapp. )
Campo. The snowfall exceeds last season's in the valleys February 10, 6 feet; on the 26th, over a foot on
the levels, with drifts 8 to 9 feet deep. Rainfall for season, 22 inches. (A. Campbell.)
Cuyamaca. Snowfall to February 28, 49 inches, nearly all melted. Cuyamaca Lake is now at 24-foot level;
last season it reached only the 13-foot level. (G. H. Nelson.)
San Jacinto. More snow this season than for past four years; on ground near Strawberry Valley February 25,
42 inches. (C. A. Harper.)
Snow rarely falls ?long the coast of California; thus at San Francisco snow has fallen only
on the dates following since March 1, 1871.
218 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
DATES OF SNOWFALL IN SAN FRANCISCO SINCE MARCH 1, 1871.
January 31, 1876. Light snow fell for 10 minutes.
December SI, 188%. Heavy snow fell from 11.30 a. m. to 4.20 p. m.; amount, 3.5 inches.
February 6, 1883. A few flakes of snow fell during the day.
February 7, 1884. Snow fell at intervals during the day, depth varying from 1 to 2 inches.
February 5, 1887. Snow fell during the day; depth at office 3.7 inches, while in the western portion of the city
it was fully 7 inches deep.
January 4, 1888. A few flakes of snow fell during the day.
January 16, 1888. Light snow fell to the depth of 0.1 inch.
March 2, 1894. A few flakes of snow fell during the day.
March 2, 1896. Snow mixed with rain fell at intervals during the day.
March 3, 1896. Heavy snow fell during the night; depth at office at 8 a. m., 1 inch.
Yet during nearly every winter snow may be seen upon the summit of Diablo, Mount
Tamalpais, the Berkeley Hills, and ranges of Contra Costa County. Similarly in the southern
part of the State during the months of January and February one may walk from the orange
groves a comparatively short distance up the mountian sides and find snow. At Los Angeles,
for example, in two or three hours one may pass from almost semitropical conditions into alpine
conditions. Nearly every pronounced southeast storm during the winter months leaves a generous
snowfall in the mountains of the entire State. The amount of snow varies naturally with the
elevation, and also varies greatly with different storms. Heavy snow often falls on the ranges
in the extreme southern portion of the State. In general the heaviest snowfall is found in the
Sierra Nevada and the northern portion of the Coast Eange. Elevations of from 3,500 to 5,500
feet apparently have a heavier snowfall than greater elevations.
Tables of snowfall in the Sierra for the last twenty -three years show that from 20 to 40 feet
are not unusual annual snowfalls. At Summit there is a record of nearly 60 feet of snow during
the year 1894. It is a matter of some difficulty to obtain reliable snowfall measurements. The
ratio of 10 to 1, which is used by the Weather Bureau in reducing snow to rain, is but an approxi-
mation, and the ratio may be as large as 20 to 1 in the case of dry, fine snow at great elevation,
and as small as 3 to 1 in the case of damp snow mixed with rain. A careful measurement at
Fordyce, Cal., by Mr. E. E. Roeming, on February 8, 1901, showed a depth of snow as being 36
inches, but when melted it amounted to only 1.70 inches. It is plain that when the temperature
is low it takes a large amount of snowfall to make an inch of water. In the case mentioned the
ratio of snow to water was 21 to 1, and the writer has been told by reliable observers that in the
mountains of California a ratio of 17 to 1 often prevails. On the other hand, at certain points a
proper average ratio of snowfall to water would be about 6 to 1. In an article in the Monthly
Weather Review for May, 1901, Mr. W. A. Bentley, of Nashville, Vt., who has made a study of
snow crystals for over twenty years and has more than 800 photographs, no two alike, states that
"the temperature and humidity of the air at the earth's surface is a much less important factor
than is generally supposed in determining the form and size of the crystal."
SNOWFALL.
219
Much has been learned, however, of the conditions tending to modify their forms after the
nuclear form is once recognized. These conditions are chiefly the character of the cloud strata,
the character of the storm and the initial and subsequent movement of the crystal within the
cloud.
SNOWFALL IN THE SIERRA (is INCHES AND TENTHS).
BOCA.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
NOT.
Dec.
Annual.
1878
35.7
65.0
8.6
13.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.5
1.8
0.0
126.0
1879
27.0
4.0
35.5
9.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
20.0
101.0
1880
30
29
62.0
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1881
0.0
1.0
12.0
10.0
1882
39.0
36.0
102.0
10.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.0
6.0
202.0
1883
3.5
22.0
7.0
9.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.5
5.0
6.0
72.0
1884
46.0
63.0
22.0
19.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
8.0
160.0
1885
10.0
1.0
0.0
15.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.0
0.5
37.5
1886
43.5
7.0
44.0
13.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.0
7.0
4.0
125.5
1887
16.0
127.0
0.0
18.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
27.0
191.0
- ~*
|
20
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.0
9.5
1889
10.5
6.0
25.5
3.0
39.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.0
148.5
241.5
1890
146.0
54.0
26.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.0
0.0
34.5
273.5
1891
12 5
45
18.0
17.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1892
7.0
26.0
17.0
11.0
12.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.0
28.0
117.0
1893
22.0
79.0
18.0
16.0
9.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
3.2
16.0
163.7
1894
46
75.5
0.0
10.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
118.0
255.3
1895
83.0
7.0
4.5
7.0
1.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
T.
0.0
7.0
15.5
125.0
1896
1.5
5.0
31.5
62.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
11.0
118.0
1897
22.0
63.5
83.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
5.0
15.0
193.0
1898
15.0
29.0
25.0
12.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.0
7.0
7.0
106.5
1899
68.0
18.5
40.0
8.0
21.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
29.0
6.0
33.0
224.0
1900
34.0
6.0
33.0
26.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
38.0
37.0
182.0
EMIGRANT GAP.
1878
95.0 123.5
17.5
27.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
5.0
1.0
65
276.0
1879
72.0 36.5
121.0
77.3
8.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
24.0
24.0
63.5
426.3
1880
101.0 98.8
97.5
201.0
34.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
113.5
649.0
1881
35.0 11.0
54.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.5
24.0
17.0
150.5
1882
55.8 94.0
166.0
26.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
60.0
21.5
30.0
460.3
1883
4.ii 40.0
25.0
14.0
33.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.0
12.0
24.2
161.2
1884
82.2 ; 102.0
64.0
48.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
0.0
36.8
339.0
1885
14.5 0.0
0.0
1,2.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
36.0
1.0
67.5
1886
63.0 16.0
69.0
75.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.0
4.0
6.0
148.5
1887
21.5 ! 188.0
7.0
24.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.0
77.0
335.5
1888
38.0 1.0
48.0
19.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.0
132.0
1889
11.0 11.0
29.0
12.0
50.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.5
175.0
294.5
1890
169.0 98.0
68.0
14.0
14.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
44.0
409.0
1891
170
20.0
28.0
7.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
77.0
1892
41.5 15.0
57.0
12.0
35.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
70.0
24.0
259.5
1893
35.0 54.0
73.0
56.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.0
0.0
236.0
1894
101.0 155.0
18.0
26.0
16.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.0
0.0
325.0
1895
179.0 14.0
5.0
16.0
12.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
17.0
35.0
278.0
1896
14.0 T
80.0
115.0
12.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.0
T.
16.0
247.0
1897
27 73
128
14.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.0
1898
16 41
12.0
11.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
o.O
0.0
14.0
15.0
4.5
115.0
1899
105.0 25.5
106.0
30.0
12.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.1
12.0
47.0
347.6
1900
20 20.0
58.0
33.0
T.
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.0
33.0
25.0
175.0
220
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
SNOWFALL IN THE SIERRA (IN INCHES AND TENTHS) Continued.
SUMMIT.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1878
100.0
115.0
30.0
24.0
16.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.2
12.1
8.0
6.0
315.3
1879
77.5
57.0
209.0
45.2
25.5
1.0
0.0
T.
0.0
42.0
56.0
133.0
646.2
1880
66.0
' 75.0
89.0
298.0
24.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
62.0
619.0
1881 . .
45.0
16.0
15.0
10.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
26.0
30.5
43.0
192.0
1882
65.5
90.0
193.0
32.5
6.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
7.6
27.5
39.5
49.5
511.0
1H83
10.0
26.0
72.0
34.0
33.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.5
12.0
32.0
228.5
1884
76.0
127.0
91.0
126.0
2.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
11.0
21.0
0.0
94.0
654.0
1885
14.0
5.0
1.0
38.0
10.0
8.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
136.0
30.0
242.0
1886
131.0
14.0
78.0
64.0
9.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.0
17.0
34.0
378.5
1887
56.0
207.0
14.0
58.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
T.
15.0
116.0
471.0
1888 - .-
92.0
7.0
80.6
21.0
4.0
9.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.5
39.0
269.5
1889
10.0
15.0
95.5
19.0
63.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
24.0
61.0
186.0
475.5
1890
192.0
116.0
147.0
26.0
25.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
74.0
680.0
1891
15.0
138.0
51.0
46.0
11.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
3.0
119.0
383.5
1892
40.0
34.0
74.0
45.0
63.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
88.0
95.0
447.0
3893
79.0
108.0
145.0
92.0
21.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
3.0
36.0
60.0
547.5
1894
155.0
152.5
34.0
43.0
24.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
29.0
10.0
245.0
697. 5
1895
258.0
42.0
47.0
25.0
24.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
14.0
83.0
495.0
1896
105.0
7.0
97.0
182.0
54.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.0
9.0
123.0
41.0
622.0
1897
40.6
143.5
180.0
12.5
0.0
7.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
25.0
26.5
42.0
477. 5
1898
40.0
30.0
52.0
8.0
29.0
9.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
34.0
25.0
36.0
263.0
1899
127.0
52.0
157.5
17.5
32.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
89.0
29.0
79.0
583.0
1900
41.0
38.0
79.0
42.0
9.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
21.0
60.0
15.0
306.5
TRUCKEE.
1878
46.0
110.0
16.0
8.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
8.0
5.0
196.0
1879
53.0
2.0
32.5
20.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.0
16.8
45.5
187.8
1880
29.5
46.5
46.5
124.0
6.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.5
80.0
337.5
1881
31 5
18
3
5
2.0
5.0
27.0
20.5
1882
62.0
49.5
120.5
18.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
8.0
264.5
1883
10.5
30.5
10.0
21.0
9.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.0
25.0
16.0
137.5
1884
66.5
112.0
44.5
37.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
24.0
289.0
1885
18.0
2.0
0.0
14.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
34.0
0.0
68.0
1886
47.0
5.0
29.0
14.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.5
11.0
8.0
122.5
1887 '
23
122 5
2
20
0.0
3.0
48.0
218.5
1888
23.5
0.0
31.5
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.0
73.0
1889
8
14
25.0
10
45
10.8
132.0
244.8
1890
162.0
89.0
38.0
2.5
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
33.0
332.6
1891
12.2
67 2
28
20 5
4
50.2
182.1
1892
26.5
12.0
30.0
19.5
22.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
T
27.0
23.0
161. 5
1893
23.0
75
43.0
33
13 5
2
5.0
17.0
209.5
1894
77
109 5
22 5
20
T
nn
6
139 5
374 5
1895
107.0
16.0
15.0
5
10
on
5
29.0
187.0
1896
16 6
4
39
90
3
4
3 5
18
178
1897
23.6
68.0
95.0
3.0
4
19 5
213.0
1898 . .
10 5
34
20 5
2 5
3
4
20
15
109 5
1899
78
27
54
56
13
18
246
1900
6
8
42
12
8 o
4 o
25
27
132
SNOWFALL. 221
NORTHERN SIERRA NEVADA.
By Mr. J. A. EDMAX, E. M.
The relation of snowfall to water .supply can not be predicated upon the bare statement of
precipitation and depth of snow alone, as so many other factors must be taken into consideration.
To refer to the reports of observers to the Weather Bureau: What does an inch of snow stand
for \ It may mean all the way from one-ninth to one-fourth of an inch of water. Again, the
absolute water contents of the settled snow depends not alone on its depth, but its relative
compactness at the time of measurement, and may vary from one-seventh to one-third of an
inch of water for one inch of snow.
The only conditions in the northern part of the Sierra Nevada under which a heavy snow-
fall insures a steady water supply are as follows: First, early rains beginning in October and
gradual enough to soak into the surface without running off in sudden floods; second,
abundant snows in December and January, with occasional rains, so that the snow may settle
and become compact, and freezing of the surface soil prevented: third, occasional snow-
storms during February and March, and an early but not too warm spring. Heavy precipitation
and snowfall under other conditions do not insure an abundant water supply, as was well
illustrated during the season 1889-90. when the precipitation at Edmanton reached 137.35
inches, and the depth of solid snow on the 15th of March attained 14 feet. Elaborate computa-
tions of the precipitation for that season in the Feather River basin, in connection with a record
of flow at the Golden Gate mine near Oroville, showed that only 30 per cent of the water
estimated passed off by the river during the spring and summer months. In this instance the
spring of 1890 was marked by a very high temperature, and the first deep snows of 1889 fell on
bare and frozen ground. The general water supply during that season was but little above
the average. At this altitude (4.750 feet) and section of country it takes nearly 20 inches of
water to fill the surface soil and start the deeper springs running, and even more after a very
hot and dry summer.
The above-mentioned facts are well illustrated by the weather conditions during the seasons
1899-1900 and 1900-1901, as will appear from the subjoined tables:
1899-1900.
Total
precipi-
tation.
Snow.
1900-1901.
Total
precipi- Snow,
tation.
October
. .. 15.38
19.0 !
August an<1 September ,
0.25
13.09
6.0
October
12.51
11.89
22.0
November
13 13 20
10.99
1
December
7.70 22.0
January (to 26th I
16 75 94
51. &
47.0
1
50.34 136.0
An inspection of the above table will show the precipitatioirabout equal for the two seasons,
but the snowfall of January. 1901, far in excess of that of the corresponding month of 1900.
The table, however, does not show that the conditions precedent during this season were specially
favorable in contrast with the previous season, as the storms of October. 1899, were concentrated
in a few days and the water passed off rapidly in injurious floods, while the rainfall of October.
1900, was well distributed over the whole month and largely seeped into the ground. The rains of
December, 1899. fell on frozen ground and largely ran off, while in December. 1900, the thor-
oughly saturated ground received a cover of snow, to be reenforced in January. 1901, by heavy
snows, now (January 26) averaging 4 feet in depth at this station, which acted upon by the warm
surface soil feeds the streams independent of the general temperature conditions. Given a fair
supply of snow during February and March it is reasonable to predict a good water supply
during the summer of 1901.
222
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFOENIA.
AT EDMANTON STATION.
By Mr. J. A. EDMAN, Voluntary Observer.
The months of February and March, 1901, present a marked contrast to each other in regard
to precipitation and also in snowfall, the record being as follows:
Precipitation
(inches).
February.
March.
9.47 '
5.89
0.68
4.26
Total
15.36
4.94
The preponderance of rain during February is notable, as the mean temperature for the
month was 35.2, as compared with 40.1 for March. The rains of February having been almost
continuous for eight days, and accompanied b}' strong winds and a mean temperature during the
storm period of 40.3, induced a rapid melting of the snow, and as a result the depth of snow (70
inches) at the beginning of the rainstorm was, at its close, reduced to an average of 40 inches.
This reduction in the volume of the snow I have estimated as equivalent to 7 inches of water,
making a run-off during a little more than ten days of 16.47 inches of water, and causing
proportionate floods in the mountain streams.
The precipitation during March was much below the normal, and being mainly in snow,
added 10 inches to the depth up to the 15th, which, although reenforced by a light snowstorm on
the 27th, was reduced during the prevailing clear and comparatively mild weather of the latter
half of the month to an average of 30 inches by the 1st of April. This depth of snow is roughly
estimated, as great variation occurs according to exposure to sun and wind, many southern slopes
now presenting large bare spaces, while drifts 5 feet deep may be seen on northern declivities
and in sheltered spots in the canyons.
Ever since the high water of February the streams in this section of the Sierra have furnished
a constant and but slightly varying water supply, which is being utilized by the miners, and
which is apt to continue, and even to increase, during April and May, dependent on the temper-
ature. The precipitation for the season, up to date, at this station, is 70.68 inches.
The depth of snow on April 1, within a radius of 6 miles from this station, may be estimated
as follows: In the zone below 3,500 feet altitude, little or no snow is found. From 3,500 to 4,000
feet, but little is seen on southern exposures, but an average of 20 inches on northern slopes and
in the hollows. From 4,000 to 5, 000 feet, about one-half of southern exposures are bare, and the
snow there remaining does not exceed 20 inches in depth, while the, northern slopes average fully
35 inches in depth. From 5,000 to 6,000 feet, bare spots occur on wind-swept southern exposures
to an extent of 25 per cent in area, while the average depth of the whole zone may be given at
50 inches. From 6,000 to 7,000 feet, a few bare spots occur on windy points, while over the
whole zone the snow probably averages fully 70 inches in depth. Three inches of the old snow
may be estimated equivalent to 1 inch of water. The rains of February extended above the 7,000
feet zone in this region. The later snows have not reached below the 3,500 feet limit.
So far the outlook for a long-continued and regular water supply within the Feather River
drainage area is very promising, providing normal temperatures prevail during April and May.
SNOWFALL.
223
CALAVERAS COUNTY.
By Mr. C. E. PRINDLE, Voluntary Observer.
The snowfall in the mountains of eastern and northern Calaveras County is several feet
short of the average up to five and six years ago. The snows this winter have been light, and
the rains have extended higher into the mountains than usual. The earth contains more springs
and water at this date than it has for five years past. There is more water in the Calaveras River
and all branches of the Mokelumne River (except the North Fork, which heads in Blue Lakes)
than for several years past at this date, it being mostly rain water and not water from the snows.
Dependence is not placed as much on the snowfall for a summer supply of water as in former
years, for the reason that great forest fires have been so destructive to timber and undergrowth
of late years that the snows do not remain on the ground long, but disappear from a month to six
weeks earlier than formerly. Spring rains are more to be depended upon than snow for a summer
supph- of water.
Parties who have to-day returned from the higher range of mountains state that the snowfall
is very light, in many localities there being none at all, where last year at this date there was -i
feet. Snow has fallen several times, but being followed by rain it did not remain long on the
ground.
LAPORTE.
The following record of snowfall at Laporte, Plurnas County (elevation 5,000 feet), was made
by Mr. Charles W. Hendel, voluntary observer. The record shows a yearly average of 299
inches. The snowfall for January, 1901, was 96.5 inches:
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total.
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total
1895
176.0
17.5
43
21
19
28
43
350 5
1899 114 1
26 9
117 8
25 3
12 7
27 3
22
52.9
399
1896
57.0
8.0
73.0
141.0
25.5
23
12.0
31
370.5
1900 18
22 9
5 9 9
28 9
1
6 5
37 1
28 2
195 5
1897
1898
45.0
25.5
90.0
61.5
111.0
16.0
18.0
11.5
0.0
3.5
19.5
16.4
6.0
15 5
16.0
13 5
305.5
a!72 9
Average - 72. 6
37.8
69.0
41.4
10.3
15.4
20.1
30.8
299.0
" Includes 7 inches in June and 2.5 in September.
CUYAMACA, 1888-1900.
By Mr. G. H. NELSON', Voluntary Observer.
Year. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total.
1888 36.0
4.5
17.0
0.5
58.0
1895
25.5
2
27 5
1889 6.5
23.0
2.0
0.5
32.0
1896
48.0
48
1890 14.0
38.0
0.5
42.5
1897.
24
8.0
32.0
1891
1 5
2
5
8.5
1898
''4
9
16
49
1892
1.0
1.0
1899
1
12
4 8
17 8
1893
12.0
36.0
11.0
59.0
1900
3
3
1894 23
a
26.0
0.5
54.5
1
Average tor thirteen years, 33 inches.
224
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION AT HIGH LEVELS.
[From records of U. S. Geological Survey.]
CAMPO, SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
[Latitude, 32 37'; longitude, 116 30'. Elevation, 2,543 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1877
2.29
1.08
0.91
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.35
2.44
1878
1.79
5.45
1.84
5.75
0.41
0.00
2.32
0.01
0.00
0.31
0.55
1.29
19.72
1879
2.18
1.32
0.60
2.01
0.00
0.00
O.Ov
00
0.00
0.00
3.00
2.23
11.34
1880
3.00
2.15
3.56
4.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0. '
0.01
0.68
0.85
4.85
19.63
1881
1.74
0.53
5.00
1.52
0.12
0.04
0.07
1.2,
0.02
0.73
0.11
0.24
11.39
1882
3.10
4.57
1.01
1.10
0.18
0.26
0.53
0.02
1889 . . .
4.65
4.00
0.45
0.10
2.50
0.60
1.10
1.67
9.34
2 40
7 25
1 69
90
2 26
2 67
1 80
95
1891 . . --
0.00
13.30
0.50
1.20
0.75
0.00
0.00
<i 16. 10
0.00
0.00
0.25
[3. 211
[35. 31]
1892
4 55
3 30
1 25
2 75
1893
3.55
3.65
7.19
1.54
0.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.57
0.11
3.38
2.08
22.48
1894
5.89
5.83
1.01
0.80
4.38
1.26
0.00
0.00
1900
2.65
0.10
0.55
2.07
1.04
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.28
4.47
0.00
1901
2.03
8.22
0.69
0.51
1.18
0.00
0.61
0.63
0.00
1.02
0.43
0.23
2.42
4.74
2.37
1.90
0.%
0.15
0.53
1.86
0.25
0.46
1.57
2.59
19.80
CROCKERS, TUOLUMNE COUNTY.
[Latitude, 37 48'; Longitude, 119 53'. Elevation, 4,453 feet.]
1896
3.10
0.14
2.30
9.18
5.41
1897
6.56
15.97
21.80
1.33
0.00
0.75
0.00
0.00
0.45
6.09
2.70
3.80
59.45
1898.
2.60
7.15
3.74
1.50
3.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.58
1.87
1.85
2.12
26.15
1899
8.32
1.00
15.89
1.50
0.15
1.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.10
7.45
11.38
55.54
1900
5.98
1.18
4.28
3.56
1.80
0.47
0.00
0.00
0.62
9.71
17.43
1.39
46.42
1901
16 99
15. 71
3.03
6.35
3.81
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.28
4.59
3.90
2.50
60.16
9.29
8.20
9.75
2.85
1.90
0.57
0.00
0.52
1.01
5.44
7.08
4.43
50.84
CUYAMACA, SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
[Latitude, 32 58'; longitude, 115 35'. Elevation, 4,800 feet.]
1897.. . ...
6.32
8.14
8.56
0.22
0.38
O.GO
0.00
0.00
0.36
5.09
1.07
2.46
32.60
1898
5 47
1 97
4 06
1 24
5 97
00
00
1.32
0.00
0.00
0.88
0.96
21.87
1899
7.02
1.53
7.23
0.98
0.47
2.96
0.04
T.
0.00
4.51
3.45
2.49
30.68
1900
3 62
26
2 51
6 69
4 03
10
28
T.
0.92
0.74
11.97
0.04
31.16
1901
8.17
13.26
2.32
1.24
3.87
0.00
T.
0.09
0.08
1.94
1.48
0.52
32.97
1887
00
0.78
3.64
6.00
1888
3 35
3 12
4 12
21
00
00
93
04
21
3 82
8 33
13 30
1892
2.87
3.76
1893
5 55
9 13
15 60
1 00
1 00
00
1 20
30
00
1 90
3 30
2 75
1894
2 05
2 05
00
00
1 00
50
00
50
30
00
0.00
12.80
1895
28 43
4 60
5 89
1 10
1 16
00
00
00
3 CO
1 03
6 01
1 66
18%
5 77
20
3 01
1 78
92
00
1 <( 9
87
1 06
4 93
3.45
3.74
Mean
4 98
4 43
5 33
1 45
1 88
36
37
31
54
2 25
3 87
4.21
09 98
DESCANSO, SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
[Latitude, 32 50'; longitude, 116 40'. Elevation, 3,500 feet.]
1896
2 93
10
8 04
1 14
17
00
30
1 38
jO 03
71
2 12
2 43
21.35
1897
6 48
6 27
6 21
16
21
01
62
04
56
2 83
0.40
2.90
25.69
1898.
5 28
89
4 11
90
2 35
00
15
83
00
00
35
1 00
1899
3 49
1 69
2 73
25
1 45
15
38
25
1 06
1900 . .
4 00
75
1 25
4 25
2 69
06
00
T
25
63
6 50
15
20.53
1901
3 25
11 00
1 40
57
1 53
00
T
78
T
1 25
87
12
Mean .
4 24
3 45
3 79
1 21
1 40
01
57
17
1 48
1 75
1 28
19.55
("Cloud-burst; rain gauge washed away and record incomplete.
SNOWFALL.
225
PRECIPITATION AT HIGH LEVELS Continued.
HOLfOMB CREEK. SAX BERNARDINO COUNTY.
[Latitude. 34 18'; longitude. 116 58'. Elevation. 5,220 feet.]
Year.
, J.n.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
Jue.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1896
10 06
61
4.86
62
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.66
0.41
18.22
1896
1.56
T.
3.24
1.02
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.47
0.00
1.70
1.05
1.82
11.11
1897
3 35
7 89
3 42
00
0.11
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.38
3.32
1896
3.05
0.52
1.27
0.10
1.46
0.00
0.00
0.66
0.00
0.00
0.57
0.48
8.11
38
o ''
ft
I 14
1 25
1 20
3.68
L.<5
2.79
0.60
0.60
0.05
0.00
0.28
0.10
1.26
1.13
0.90
13.24
LITTLE BEAR VALLEY, SAX BERXARDINO COUNTY.
[Latitude, 34 15"; longitude, 117 10-. Elevation, 5.150 feet.]
1893
1.21
1.49
2.55
7.61
1894
2.48
2.25
3.16
0.62
1.34
0.12
0.04
0.31
0.52
0.38
0.00
20.12
31.34
1895
15.27
2.01
8.82
1.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.65
1.75
31.81
1896
2.38
T.
4.21
1.72
0.47
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
2. ?
1.38
1.96
14.54
1897
5.16
11.74
10.17
0.03
0.15
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.46
4.10
0.76
1.20
33.97
1898
3.80
1.38
2.49
0.25
4.56
0.00
T.
0.62
0.74
1900
1 39
43
3 42
3.11
4 63
Mean
5.08
2.97
5.38
1.17
1.86
0.08
0.01
0.10
0.44
1.36
1.33
5.57
25.35
MORSE'S HOUSE, SAN BERXARDINO COUNTY.
[Latitude, 34 12'; longitude. 117 12*. Elevation, 5,350 feet.]
1893 '
0.25
2.44
2.75
14.73
1894 - 4.78 j 3.93 5.00
1.37
2.08
0.60
0.02
0.74
0.67
0.47
0.00
26.77
46.43
1895 18.00 5.85 12.74
2.91
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.18
3.11
46.59
1896 5.95 0.08 7.90
2.63
0.89
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.00
3.83
1.96
2.73
26.43
1897 9 34 20 14 15 61
15
18
40
0.00
0.00
0.73
5 08
1 85
1898 6.37 2.% 4.22
0.70
8.27
0.08
0.34
a 74
1.28
1900 2 20 44 3 83
5.81
8 64
Mean 7.77 5.57 8.
2.26
3.34
0.25
0.02
0.30
0.33
2.03
1.93
8.41
40.43
i 1
MOUNT LOWE, LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
[Latitude, 34 15': longitude, 118 07'. Elevation, 3,200 feet.]
1896
2.85
0.10
4.10
0.60 0.30
0.00
0.00 0.10
0.00 2.38
1.51
2.11
14.05
1897
6.42
7.47
6.67
0.19 0.87
0.10
0.15 0.00
0.00 2.57
0.40
0.22
25.06
1898
1.55
2.22
1.65
2. 70 " 2. 17
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.25 0.30
0.00
0.98
11.82
1899
3.29
0.00
3.40
0.20 1.90
0.40
0.00 0.00
3.00 2.85
1900
2.90
2.15 4.05
0.40
T. 0.00
0.25 1.40
11.71
0.00
Mean
3.53
2.45
3.74
1.17 1.86
0.18
0.03 i 0.02
0.10 1.90
3.40
0.83
19.21
MUTAH FLAT. LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
[Latitude, 34 38'; longitude, 119 03'. Elevation, 4,850 feet.]
1893 ..
1.70
0.00
4.10
1894 0.54
0.54
0.30
0.13
0.79
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.85
0.00
7.33
10.48
1895 9. 80
0.78
2.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.65
1.60
1.10
16.88
1896
0.00
4.79
3.50
0.52
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.00
1.75
1.50
2.80
1897 - 9. 10
3.50
3.59
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.00
1.75
0.00
0.15
18 39
1898 0. 60
1.00
0.80
0.00
1.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
5.82
1899 2.30
0.00
2.70
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
1.30
2.25
1900 2. 80
0.00
1.95
0.40
1.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.00
0.00
1901 7. 00
4.60
0.25
i.eo
O.J8
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.85
0.65
0.00
Mean 4. 59
1.30
2.17
0.77
0.59
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.25
1.28
1.12
2.01
14.16
1176 Bull. L 03-
-15
226
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PRECIPITATION AT HIGH LEVELS Continued.
PALMDALE HEAD WORKS, LOS ANGELES CODNTY.
[Latitude, 34 25'; longitude, 118 03'. Elevation, 3,299 feet.]
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Annual.
1896
0.00
0.25
1.35
0.32
1.42
0.43
0.98
1897
3.78
3.71
1.31
0.04
0.32
0.00
0.03
1.57
T.
0.86
0.00
0.14
1898
2.38
0.07
0.90
0.00
0.21
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.00
0.00
T.
0.87
1899
1.00
0.31
0.97
0.00
0.00
o.co
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.28
0.27
0.32
4.15
1900
0.65
0.00
0.80
0.57
0.76
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
1.79
0.00
4.77
1901
1.34
4.50
0.38
0.15
T.
0.00
0.00
0.33
T.
0.32
0.04
0.00
1.83
1.72
0.87
0.15
0.26
0.00
O.OB
0.55
0.05
0.68
0.42
0.38
6.96
SECOND GARROTTE, TUOLUMNE COUNTY.
[Latitude, 37 49'; longitude, 120 12'. Elevation, 2,900 feet.]
1883
1.25
4.52
8.27
2.00
3.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.63
0.75
0.75
1.00
23.67
1884
8.00
14.00
16.00
9.00
1.00
1.48
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
0.00
18.50
59 98
1885
4.00
0.00
0.00
1.50
0.00
3.50
0.00
0.00
0.25
00
18 00
5 00
32 25
1886
10.00
1.00
5.50
6.25
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.75
2.75
28.75
1887
1.00
13.75
1.25
5.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
r. oo
00
2 00
7 00
31 50
1888
7.75
1.50
3.00
1.25
1.25
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
5.00
4.25
24 75
1889 . ..
0.50
1.00
9.75
0.50
5.75
0.00
0.00
0.00
00
6 50
5 75
22 00
51 75
1890
15.00
6 75
7 25
2.00
1 75
00
00
25
2 27
00
00
9 00
54 27
1891
2.00
14.00
5.00
3.50
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
00
25
0.00
11 25
36 25
1892
2.26
3 25
7.00
2 00
6 25
00
00
00
25
1 25
10 00
8 75
41 00
1893
6.00
7.25
11.25
2.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
50
25
3 00
4 00
34 75
1894
10.50
10 75
2.25
1.25
3 75
1 00
00
00
2 00
2 00
50
18 00
52 00
1895
13.00
4.25
8.75
2.00
1.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
00
00
1 75
2 75
34 00
1896
12.00
0.00
5.50
7 25
25
00
00
2 50
00
3 00
6 00
4 50
41 00
1897
4.00
10.75
9.01
0.53
T.
T.
o.co
0.00
T
2 75
1 00
2 50
30 54
1898
2.75
6.00
2.50
25
2 50
00
00
00
2 00
1 60
1 50
1 00
''O 00
1899
6 75
1 00
14 00
50
1 00
00
00
00
00
6 75
6 75
6 00
42 75
1900
5.25
1.25
3.75
4 00
1 50
00
00
00
25
5 00
14 00
1 50
36 50
1901
11 00
17 75
1 25
4 00
1 00
00
00
00
2 25
2 25
2 00
2 00
33 50
6 28
5 85
2 94
1 67
33
00
14
63
1 86
4 20
6 93
37 33
UPPER LAKE.a VENTURA COUNTY.
[Latitude, 34 41'; longitude, 119 03'. Elevation, 4,900 feet,]
1891
00
95
62
71
7 35
1892
3.93
2.60
2 84
3 71
49
00
00
T
1 17
1893
4 08
5 19
5 47
2 37
1 04
00
T
00
85
47
4 83
2 82
27 12
1894
10 43
6 21
1 80
1 46
1 02
1 12
00
T
53
2 05
1 13
37 37
1895
14 92
4 15
3 20
1 41
1 33
00
05
T
T
1896
11 18
80
2 39
6 01
2 07
00
T
87
42
1 04
5 07
6 47
1897
3.45
6 35
4 58
42
22
97
05
00
08
1 67
o 38
2 61
22 78
1898 .
93
4 57
36
43
1 90
58
00
T
60
1 01
1 66
1899
8 16
25
5 59
90
1 00
05
00
03
1900
3 98
1 31
3 53
2 13
81
35
T
00
03
3 96
5 08
3 93
1901
6 44
4 75
1 06
2 43
70
o oo
T
T
Mean...
6 75
3 61
3 11
2 04
1 39
36
"Upper Lake is also the name of a station in Lake County.
FROST.'
With the possible exception of the loss occasioned by insect pests, there is probably no one
cause of loss so seriously affecting crops in California as frost. Notwithstanding statements
sometimes published that certain areas are in the so-called frostless belt, there does not appeal-
good reason for believing that any portion of the State may not be visited by frost.
The losses to the fruit crop, both citrus and deciduous, through frost have been so large
that special attention has been given to methods of protecting orchards, and these methods are
discussed in detail in the following pages. With citrus fruits the frosts of December. January,
and February are to be guarded against, the frtiit being ripe and ready for shipment. With
deciduous fruits the late spring frosts do the damage. Almonds, apricots, grapes, peaches, and
prunes are hurt while in bud. or while the fruit is just setting, by the frosts of March and April.
The damage depends, in all probability, as much upon the condition of the tree as the degree
and duration of the cold. For example, a sharp frost during the first or second week of April
sometimes does less damage if the trees are fairh T past the blossoming period than the same
frosts would have caused occurring about the middle of March.
Attention is invited to the excellent table prepared by Mr. Samuel H. Gerrish, of Sacra-
mento, giving the dates of first and last light and killing frosts, also the dates of blooming fruit
trees in Sacramento from 1869 to 1901.
The protection of gardens, both vegetable and flower, is also important. The particular
frosts affecting gardens are the frosts of February. March, and April, and it is pointed out in
the succeeding pages that the same general principles used to protect orchards should be followed
in the protection of gardens. A clear, still night following thirty-six or forty-eight hours of
boisterous north wind is likely to be followed by frost, particularly if the movement of the air
in the given locality ha-s been such as to cause a settling of cold, relatively dry air strata in the
hollows or depressions of the land. The formation of frost is essentially a problem in air drainage.
and if by any means we can prevent streaks, pools, or basins of stagnant, cold, dry air we can
largely prevent frost. Frost is the water vapor of the air deposited upon the plant at a tempera-
ture below 32 C F. The damage to plant life is caused by the falling temperature. The water vapor
plays the part of an index only. Indeed, the action of the water vapor is preventive. Dry air
at a temperature of 32 F. weighs 563 grains per cubic foot. Vapor of water at 32 : F. weighs 1
grains per cubic foot at a saturation of 100 per cent. Air :it a temperature of 25 : F. weighs .">7i'
grains per cubic foot. Given a little time, therefore, on a still, clear night the loss of heat Ir-
radiation from the plant surfaces and the ground will bring about a settling of the colder air to
the bottom. The ground will be covered with frost, while thermometers 6 feet above the ground
will record 34 or 35- F. Vegetables and flowers, therefore, unless grown upon sloping or ter-
raced ground, are at a decided disadvantage compared with tree fruit in the matter of frosts.
NATURE OF FROST.
It can not be emphasized too clearly that it i> the low temperature and not the solidification
of the water which does the damage. If there be but little vapor in the air there will be but a
light frost apparent, and yet the temperature may be so low as to cause great injury. The
so-called hard, dry frost, also called black frost, does, as is well known, even more injury than
"Since this article was written a number of orchard-heating devices have been patented by various frost
prevention companies in California. Oil fire pots have been tested and it is claimed given very satisfactory results.
Gravity oil distillate is used as fuel and about eighty oil pots to the acre will insure protection.
227
228 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
heavy frosts. Water vapor at 25 F. completely saturated weighs 1.6 grains per cubic foot.
In the fall from 32 to 25 nearly half a grain per cubic foot, if the saturation were 100 per cent,
would be condensed, appearing in visible form as a frost flake. A certain amount of heat was
given off in the transformation of this invisible water vapor into ice, and an exactly equal amount
of heat (known as the latent heat of vaporization) will be in turn required to change this frost
flake back into vapor. We give special attention to this point because it would appear theoretic-
ally that the secret of successful protection of garden truck and delicate flowers will be found in
this action of water, both in setting free heat at the time when the temperature is falling, and
on the other hand in using up heat and thus acting as a retard or brake when the temperature
begins to rise quickly.
It is now quite generally believed that as much injury results from the sudden warming up
of the dormant and thoroughly chilled flower or vegetable as from the chilling itself. In the
work of protecting fruits from frost it has been found very necessary to interpose some screen
early in the morning between the sun's rays and the frosted fruit. With flowers and garden truck
this can be much more easily accomplished than with fruit. In this respect the gardener has a
decided advantage over the orchardist. The following is an excellent statement of how the plant
is injured:
HOW FROST INJURES PLANTS.
Low temperature congeals the watery part of the cell sap and also the intercellular water content of the plant.
Within certain limits this is not or may not be injurious, providing the protoplastic contents of the cell are able to
absorb the water and do this before the cell structure collapses as a result of insufficient cell turgor. Frequently the
frosting of plants is followed by a sudden rising of temperature, in which case much of the water which was part of
the cell sap in the normal condition of the plant escapes through the cell wall into intercellular spaces, or even from
the plant entirely, and thus, the protoplasm of the cell being unable to assume its normal condition, becomes
disorganized and decomposition follows. (Prof. E. R. Lake in the Oregon climate and crop bulletin, July, 1900.)
PROTECTION OF ORCHARDS FROM FROST.
During the past five years the Weather Bureau office at San Francisco has been called upon
to give particular attention to the problem of lessening the injury to fruits by frost. I\v direction
of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, during the year 1900 the forecast official for the southern
half of the Pacific slope made an extensive journey through California with the special purpose
of studying the methods of protecting deciduous fruits from frost. This journey was the natural
outgrowth of the excellent work inaugurated by Mr. W. H. Hammon, formerly professor in the
Weather Bureau, while in charge of the San Francisco office. During the years 1897, 1898, and
1899 the unusually dry winter conditions, with frequent and prolonged frosts and lower tempera-
tures than had been previously reported in many of the chief fruit-growing centers of southern
California, made it imperative that some steps should be taken to minimize .the injury to citrus
fruits by frost. The problem as presented to the forecast official was of a twofold nature: First,
a study of the conditions preceding frost, so that he might with reasonable certainty give timely
warning to the fruit growers; second, a study of the methods, means, and devices for protecting
fruit from injury by low temperatures. The first has been solved with a fair measure of success.
In the second problem the Weather Bureau had the valuable assistance of certain practical fruit
growers, who willingly and readily tested the various devices proposed for smudging and cheer-
fully gave this office the benefit of the man}- practical experiments made by them in smudging,
irrigating, heating, and covering. A bulletin on frost fighting, by Alexander G. McAdie (Bulle-
tin No. 29), was issued on March 13, 1900, and nearly 3,000 copies distributed to those most
interested in fruit growing. A previous bulletin (No. 23) upon frost, when to expect it and how
to lessen the injury therefrom, by Prof. W. H. Hammon, had been issued on November 10, 1898,
while a Farmers' Bulletin, No. 104, by Prof. E. B. Garriott, Notes on Frost, was issued June 15,
1899, which treated of frost protection in general.
It has become evident in California that the fruit grower must possess a degree of intelli-
gence certainly as high as is demanded in any one of the usual vocations of life. The successful
FROST. 229
orchardist must be a skilled farmer and a good business man and, at the same time, be familiar
with the chief principles of modern science. He must be chemist, entomologist, and physicist,
a> well as fruit grower. In the matter of protecting his crops from frost, for example, he must
know exactly what method is best suited for his crop, for the locality, and for the season, and
be prepared to act promptly, or else the greater portion of the year's profits will vanish in the
course of a few hours.
In what follows extensive use will be made of Bulletin No. 29, since experience has shown
that the principles of frost fighting laid down therein are essentially correct. While this
bulletin was written chiefly with a view of protecting the citrus fruit crops of California, partic-
ularly of the section south of the Tehachapi, from frost, the principles hold, as a general rule,
for the protection of deciduous fruits also.
In October and November, 1900, an attempt was made to extend the benefits of the Weather
Bureau work in connection with frost to the fruit growers of central and northern California,
particularly to the growers of almonds, apricots, peaches, prunes, pears, apples, grapes, and figs.
Many fruit ranches were visited, and the details of losses by frost gathered from ranch super-
intendents and others, together with all data available relative to the exposure of the fruit, the
lay of the land, and th0 lowest temperatures. The following facts stand out prominent!}' from
the general mass of statements. First, that in California the greatest injurj* is done deciduous
fruits by the late spring frosts occurring as late as the 23d of May, when fruit is well formed,
frequently resulting in the loss of three-fourths of the crop in the case of the more tender fruits,
as for example, almonds and apricots. Second, in all the fruit ranches visited rough maps of the
localities showed conclusively that the frost occurred chiefly in the low places, basins, and bot-
toms, or where the cold air had drained down and settled. The principle laid down in Bulletin
No. 29, that frost was primarily a problem in air drainage, was conclusively upheld. Wherever
the air was stagnant the injury from frost was most marked; and, conversely, wherever the air
was in motion there was little damage from frost. Fruit on open benches, hillsides, and ten-aces
escaped. The streakiness of frost and the many apparent irregularities in its formation can be
explained easily if we remember that there are currents and stream lines in the air, and that these
currents mav have rather sharply defined limits. A slow-moving current of air on a still night
in an orchard that appears to be nearly level may result in an absence of frost along its path,
while close by, where the air is stagnant, frost will be formed.
A third particular point resulting from this visit to the ranches was the confirmation of the
belief that the damage from frost could be greatly lessened if some means were provided whereby
the chilled fruit could be protected from the sudden warming at sunrise. Some rough tempera-
ture observations made in ranches at about the time of sunrise on frosty mornings showed a rise
of as much as 10 = in the air temperature within thirty minutes. It was also noted in several
ranches that the areas of greatest loss by frost were those where the sun's heat came suddenly
upon the trees. It is believed that much fruit can be saved even when chilled or frozen if some
screen is interposed between the fruit and the sun, so that the warming may be gradual. It is
even admissible to thoroughly wet the fruit with cold water, and there are numerous instances
of fruit escaping serious injury even when it has been covered with a thin coating of ice.
It is of the utmost importance that the thaw for an hour or two following sunrise be gradual.
The following methods of protecting fruit from frost are taken from Bulletin No. 29:
METHODS OF PROTECTING.
Every fruit grower should put himself in communication with the nearest center of distribution of weather fore-
casts. If possible he should be in daily communication with some \Veather Bureau office. Whenever frost warnings
are issued for his locality he should carefully determine the temperature and dew-point, as elsewhere described, fre-
quently during the late afternoon and night. A good outfit consists of a metallic thermometer so arranged as to
automatically close an electric circuit and ring an alarm whenever the temperature of the air reaches 32. In addi-
tion to a reliable sling psychrometer there should be some small device for testing the motion of the gentle air cur-
rents in the orchard. Too much attention can not be given to this question of air motion. Many smudging devices
have failed to be effective V>ecause of a slow movement of the smoke awav from the orchard.
230
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
PROTECTIVE METHODS BASED ON MIXING THE AIR.
It is well known that lowlands are visited with frost while hillsides and hilltops escape. Every fruit grower
should study the topography of his land and plant accordingly. Wind-breaks are, as a rule, considered detrimental.
No hard and fast rule, however, can be laid down. On a well-known lemon and orange ranch at Santa Paula, the
FIG. 13. Wire baskets in citrus grove.
property of Mr. N. W. Blauchard, there are several large wind-breaks which have proven themselves to be of the
greatest benefit in protecting fruit from frost. It would almost seem as if the citrus trees within a distance of 50
feet were directly protected by these wind-breaks. By planting a wind-break in the proper place, defects in the
'
ffia t
FIG. 14. Wire baskets hung from limbs of orange trees.
topography may be overcome and air currents established where otherwise pools of quiet air would have formed.
A wind-break dense enough and so situated as to interfere with any natural circulation and facilitating the formation
of still areas or pools would, of course, prove injurious.
FROST.
231
PROTECTIVE METHODS BASED OX WAKMIXG THE AIR.
A large number of small fires, advantageously placed, will raise the temperature of the air several degrees.
The Riverside Horticultural Club, testing the various methods which were in use in California, came to the conclu-
sion that wire baskets suspended a few feet above the ground, and holding several pounds of coal or charcoal, made
an efficient protector. This method was described by Mr. Edward Copely, of Riverside, Cal., in several articles
published in the Riverside Press of April, 1896. The cost of the wire basket is about 10 cents, and if 40 baskets be
used to the acre, the cost of fuel will hardly exceed $2.50. To this must be added the cost of labor during the night
and succeeding day in refilling the baskets. In the accompanying figs. 13, 14, and 15, the baskets are shown in
position. This method meets with most favor in southern California. The temperature can be raised certainly 3
or 4 with from 20 to 40 of these baskets to the acre. It has been suggested that a number of small oil lamps be
used with success for this purpose. Oil pots have been used and make a hotter fire, but the deposit of lamp black
upon the fruit is objectionable. Some cheap modification of the ordinary plumber's furnace might possibly be
devised, which, by means cf a moderate blast, would produce a high temperature.
PROTECTIVE METHODS BASED OX CLOUD OR FOG FORMATION.
Damp straw, old wood, prunings, manure, etc., when burned briskly furnish an effective smoke, and if the
material while burning is doused with water the result is a dense steamy smoke, which, while trying to human
lungs, serves as a screen to prevent loss of heat by radiation, and as a barrier between the chilled fruit and a sudden
FIG. 15. Wire baskets in lemon and orange grove.
application of heat at the time of sunrise. Wet smudging has been tried in many ways with varying results. There
are many reports of failure and, on the other hand, some definite results, showing the good accomplished by this
method. Here, as in all other methods of protection, much will depend upon a careful study of the local conditions.
Many a farmer smudges so that some neighbor get* the benefit of his work, while his own fruit remains unprotected.
All motion of the air should be noted carefully, and this is sometimes difficult where the smoke is very dense. In
some orchards sacks of old straw soaked with oil are so distributed as to be available for quick lighting. Portable
smudges have also been devised. Fig. 16 illustrates a portable device by Mr. Priestley Hall.
Mr. Hall has made an efficient form of sled operating on the wet-smudge principle. Upon a sheet-iron sled he
has placed a small fire box, consisting of a grate 4 or 5 inches above the bed of the sled, over which pass iron rods
bent in the form of an arch, leaving a space for the fire about 14 inches in diameter. This fire box is inclosed in
a large corrugated iron box, which has the bed of the sled (about 3 or 4 feet in size) for a bottom, and sides 30 inches
high. A door is made in front of the corrugated box to admit fuel to the fire. The box is filled with wet straw
or manure, and a fire is maintained in the fire box when the machine is in operation. The cost is about $12; one
will do for 10 acres.
PROTECTIVE METHODS BASED OX IRRIGATION'.
Of all methods proposed for the protection of fruit, excepting wire baskets, irrigation has the largest amount of
evidence in its favor. It has been tried in many different places with different crops and has generally given satis-
faction. Where water is not very plentiful, ::n,l thi? is the case strangely enough in some fruit sections, the method
232
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
may not always be practicable, but with this exception there are many decided advantages in the generous use of
water. Injury from frost depends almost as much upon the condition of the tree as upon the severity of the weather.
Critical periods in the life of the tree can be controlled to some degree by the use of water.
Some fruit growers hold that heat is the one thing that is desired at times of frost, and that the best method is
that which produces heat by the simplest and least expensive process. Water, owing to its high specific heat, forms
FIG. 16. Mr. Priestley Hall's device for smudging.
an excellent agency for the temporary storage of heat energy. We have seen that in the wet smudge an attempt is
made to utilize the latent heat of vaporization, and theoretically this has always seemed the most advantageous
method. A modification of the wet smudge is steam piped through an orchard. This experiment was made by the
Wright Brothers at Riverside, Cal., with a 35-horsepower boiler and a main pipe 2 inches in diameter, from which,
FIG. 17. Eight miner's inches of warm water in orange grove at Meaehaui Ranch.
at right angles every 40 feet, pipes three-quarters of an inch in diameter were extended. It is claimed that the tem-
perature was raised 3 whenever the steam was turned on. It is also said that the coal consumed would not be more
than the amount used by the basket method. The estimated expense per acre would be about $75.
The latest device for the protection of citrus fruit against frost combines the good effects of irrigation with heat-
ing. This is a method known as the warm-water method, tried at Riverside. An account of the experiment follows.
FROST.
233
EXPERIMENT OF MR. ERNEST A. MEACHAM, RIVERSIDE, CAL.
"On the morning of February 9, 1900, at the Meacham Ranch, a test was made of the Meacham warm-water
method of protecting citrus fruits against frost The experiment began at 3.45 a. m. and was conducted in the pres-
ence of a number of gentlemen belonging to the Riverside Horticultural Club, nearly all of whom were orange growers.
"At 6.30 a. m. the temperature of the ground 100 feet or more away from the boiler was 32. The temperatures
given herewith are those obtained by Mr. McAdie, of the Weather Bureau, with sling psychrometer Xo. 70; the
number of the dry thermometer was 4487 and of the wet 4486. The plant consists of a 12-horsepower tubular hori-
zontal boiler, laid in a brick furnace and arranged to deliver water with or without pressure. Cold water enters the
bottom of the boiler and is delivered from the top orifice directly into the flume. The fuel used was crude petroleum,
of which about 50 gallons were used in three and one-half hours. At the rate of 14 gallons an hour and an estimated
cost of a little over 4 cents. per gallon, the actual expense of fuel for the experiment was about 60 cents per hour. The
oil is burned with a steam jet under pressure. A secondary 6-horsepower boiler, carrying 70 pounds of steam, was
used. The oil is thus entirely consumed and makes but little smoke. The whole arrangement is such that not more
than two men would be required to attend to all the details.
"Fifty minutes from the time of beginning, the water which had an initial temperature of 55.4 was raised 30.
Two sets of temperature records were made, one by Mr. Priestley Hall and the other by Mr. McAdie. In Mr. Hall's
test 8 inches of water was run in 50 furrows, which barely ran the water past the ends of the furrows. In the second
case 8 miners' inches of water was delivered into 25 furrows, thus carrying the heat farther down the furrows than
FIG. 18. Lath screen at ranch of M r. A. J. Everest, Riverside, Cal. (view from above).
iu the first experiment. According to the present laws of California, a miner's inch is -<?$ cubic foot per second; the
'second-foot' is the quantity represented by a stream 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep, flowing at the average rate of 1 foot
per second. A cubic foot of water, maximum density, weighs 62.4 pounds; a gallon contains 10 pounds of distilled
water at 62. The data obtained by Mr. Hall were as follows: 5.30 a. m., normal temperature, 34; normal temper-
ature of water, 00; temperature of heated water, 92; at the flume, 92; 20 rods from the flume, 58; 40 rods, 52;
temperature of unheated water -40 rods from the flume, 41.5; vapor condensed on trees early in the morning and
more condensed on the trees in the heated plat.
"Mr. McAdie's records are as follows: Time, 6.30 a. m., air temperature varying from 34 to 36; temperature
on the ground, 32; frost was observed on grass blades; initial temperature of water, 55.4; heated water delivered
to flume at 85.2; in a straight line down a furrow 200 feet from the boiler in the direction of the wind (motion of
the air was very gentle) there was a fall in temperature of 14.2; water vapor was observed rising to a height of
about 4 feet; 200 feet from flufne, as stated, the temperature of the water was 71; the temperature of the surface soil
4 inches right and left of the water was 43 C ; temperature of the soil 16 inches from the water or in the middle of the
ridge, 42.2. It is presumed that the temperature of the ground, had no water been flowing, would have been 33,
and it would seem as if the soil itself was warmer by nearly 10. At the end of a furrow, 600 feet, the temperature
of the water was 54, or there had been a fall of 31 in 40 rods; the temperature of the ground 4 inches from the
water, 38; 16 inches from the water, 36; temperature of unheated water 50 rods from the flume, 40.
"The approximate value of the plant was $200, and it is estimated that for a plant all equipped sufficient for a
10-acre grove $600 would cover all expenses." (See fig. 17.)
234
CLIMATOLOGY OF .CALIFORNIA.
SPRAYING.
After frost, or rather just before a frost has ended, a spraying device can be used to advantage. Its chief function
is to prevent a too rapid warming of the chilled fruit. It is said by horticulturists that even the light coating of ice
formed in this way does not seriously damage the fruit. It is very likely that the latent heat of solidification set
free by the change from water to ice may play a helpful part; but the chief effect is to prevent a too rapid thawing.
In other words, both heat and water should be supplied to the chilled plant slowly and according to the plant's
ability to make good use of the same. At the A. J. Everest Ranch at Riverside, Cal., a portion of the grove is pro-
tected by sprinklers at the top of 50-foot masts.
FIG. 19. Lath screen at ranch of Mr. A. J. Everest, Riverside, Cal. (under view).
PROTECTIVE METHODS BASED UPON SCREENING OR COVERING.
All screening or covering devices are in effect modified hothouses, and there is no question but that a thorough
protection can be accomplished. The expense is the one objection. Screens are made of light materials, namely,
canvas, muslin, or light wood work, and have been used with considerable success. At the A. J. Everest Ranch an
elaborate structure of lath screens is in use, illustrations of which are given herewith (see figs. 18 and 19). There
is no question as to the value of the protection, but the expense is considerable, averaging perhaps $400 to the acre.
This lath covering may be considered as forming a well- ventilated hothouse.
FROST.
235
KILLING FROSTS.
The following table gives the dates on which occurred killing frosts during the year 1899
the last in spring and first in autumn at stations recording and reporting frosts. The blank
spaces in the table indicate that there were no killing frosts at those stations for the period
shown, or, in some few cases, that the record is incomplete.
US00.
Killing frost.
Killing frost.
Killing frost.
Station.
Last in
spring.
First in
autumn.
Station.
Last in First in
spring, autumn.
Station.
Last in First in
spring, autumn.
Acton Mar. 10
Dec. 2
Nov. 23
Do.
Oct. 6
Dec. 12
Dec. 3
Oct. 31
Oct. 15
Dec. 9
Dec. 6
Dec. 18
Oct. 2
Oct. 24
Nov. 16
Oct. 28
Dec. 18
Dec. 2
Oct. 25
Oct. 1
Dec. 18
Nov. 8
Dec. 20
Oct. 2
Dec. 12
Dec. 5
Oct. 9
Oct. 14
Dec. 9
Dec. 1
Dec. 19
NOT. 27
Dec. 19
Dec. 9
Oct. 15
Oct. 11
Dec. 10
Dec. 6
Dec. 20
Oct. 26
Dec. 10
Dec. 7
Dec. 13
Dec. 6
Florence "V
[ar. 12 Dec. 10
eb. 8 Dec. 18
[ar. 18 Oct. 15
[ar. 21 Dec. 18
eb. 7
[ar. 9 Nov. 23
lay 1 Oct. 15
[ar. 11 Dec. 6
eb. 7
pr. 29 Oct. 1
[ar. 18 Oct. 15
[ay 1 Dec. 9
pr. 29
[ar. 13 Dec. 9
pr. 17 Oct. 13
eb. 5 Dec. 6
[ar. 18 Oct. 12
[ar. 17 Dec. 9
pr. 28 Oct. 15
pr. 23 Dec. 1
[ar. 19 Oct. 15
[ay 11 Oct. 7
pr. 28
eb. 5 Dec. 9
pr. 23 SepJ. 6
[ar. 12 Oct. 24
[ar. 18 Nov. 22
eb. 22
[ar. 11
[ay 25 Oct. 15
[ar. 7
tar. 10 Dec. 9
tar. 8 Do.
Dec. 10
Oroville Feb 4 Dec 19
Agnew
Folsom F
Palermo Mar 10 Do
Alhambra Feb. 7
Fort Bragg . . S
Palo Alto Feb 8 Do
\lvarado Slav 2
Fort Ross N
Paso Robles Apr 23 Dec 20
Alviso Mar. 18
Fresno F
Peachland Mar 10 Dec. 18
Anada Slav 15
Frato S
Anaheim Apr. 17
Georgetown . >
Pomona (near) Mar 14 Dec 9
Anderson Apr. 30
Gilrov \
Porterrille Mar 10 Dec 10
Angiola Feb. 10
Grand Island F
Powav Feb 7 Do.
Aptos Mar. 10
Greenville A
Puente Do
Auburn May 2
Quincv Mav '0 Aug.
Banning Feb. 6
Guinda S
Raymond Mav "** Dec. 1
Bavles Slav 1
Hanford .A
Red Bluff Dec. 19
Ben Lomond Mar. 10
Hayward . . S
Redding Mav 1 Dec. 14
Berkelev Jan. 5
Healdsburg -\
Redlands Feb. 5
Biggs Mar. 10
Hollister F
Reedlev 'Apr 28
Boca Slav 1
Independence S
Repressa Feb 9
Boulder Creek
Iowa Hill S
Riverside Mar 3
Bowman's Dam Mav 1
Jackson A
Rocklin Mar 13
Buena Park Mar. 4 <
Jolon A
Romie Mav 16 Dec. 6
Burlingame
Keene S
Rosewood Mar r? Do.
Bvron Feb. 12
Kernville ^
<*acramento Feb 5 Dec. 18
Cahto Mav 9
Salinas Dec. 6
C'alistoga May 1
La Grange F
San Ardo Dec. 9
Campbell Mar. 10
La Porte .A
Capitola do ...
Laurel S
Castroville ...
Cedarville Mav 18
Lemon . . F
San Luis Obispo Feb 4 Dec. 27
Chieo . . Mar. 30
San Mateo Feb 7
Claremont Feb. 6
Lick Observatorv &
San Miguel Feb 9 Dec. 18
Colfax Mav 1
Lincoln ^
Santa Clara Mar 17 Dec. 7
Colton Feb. 7
Lodi N
Santa Cruz Feb 6
Los Gatos ^
Santa Margarita Apr 3 ' Xov. 27
Covote Mav 10
Santa Paula Feb 7
Craftonville Feb 6
eb. 7
eb. 6 Dec. 18
tar. 11 Dec. 10
eb. 7 Dec. 17
Dec. 1
Santa Rosa Mar 17 Dec 19
Crescent Citv June 19
Menlo Park I
Sargent Dec. 20
Cuvamaca Star. 23
Merced >
Selma Feb 7
Danville Mav 20
Milbrae F
Shasta Mar 13 Dec 14
Davisville Feb 7
Mills College
Soledad Feb 6
Dinuba Mav
Milo 1
pr. 10 Dec. 20
pr. 2S Nov. 30
. .. Dec. 20
Duarte . . Feb 7
Mokelumne Hill 1
Dunnigan do .
Monterev
Susanville Mav 25 Oct
Durham Mar 13
Moreno Dam A
lay 16
tar. 10 Dec. 10
eb. 6 Dec. 17
tar. 13 Dec. 19
eb. 5
lay 1 Oct. 15
tar. 10 Dec. 18
pr. 29
lay 2 Oct. 24
tar. 13 Dec. 9
[ar. IS
lay 2 Oct. 30
eb. 5
pr. 20 Oct. 15
Edgewood Apr 29
Me .unt Eden \
Edmanton Mav '
Mount Tamalpais.. .. F
El Cajon Feb 7
Napa >
Ukiah Feb 5 Dec 13
El Ca.co Apr 26
Needles F
Upper Mattole do... Dec. 9
Vacaville Feb 9 Dec 19
El Dorado do
Nevada Citv . \
Elk Grove Mar 10
Vallev Spring* Apr 28 Dec 18
Elmira
NUes i
North Bloomfield .... \
\Vatonville Dec 19
Elsinore Mar 1''
Wet Point Mav '*9 Oct 1 Q
E-rondido Mar 18
North Hill Vineyard N
North Ontario \
\\Y-t ^aticov Feb 3
Exeter Feb. 6
North San Juan .\
Willows Apr 26 Dec 13
Fall Brook . Feb. 8
Oakland F
Woodland Apr Dec 4
Farmington Mar 13-
Oleta A
Yreka Mav ^pt 6
NOTE. Killing frosts occurred in every month of the year at Bodie. Mono County. The observer at Los Angeles reports that there
were no killing frosts at that station during the year: the first heavy frost occurred December 11. damaging vegetables in exposed placet
At San Diego the most severe frost for five years occurred February 6. but did not damage orchards or fruit in citrus region.
236
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
1000.
Stations.
Eleva-
tion.
Last in
spring.
First in
autumn.
Stations.
Eleva-
tion.
Last in
spring.
First in
autumn.
Feet.
134
Mar. 13
Dec. 29
North Hill Vineyard
Feel.
660
Feb. 7
Dec. 30
208
Feb. 10
Dec. 27
North Ontario
1,800
Dec. 29
Feb. 8
Dec. 81
North San Juan
2,130
Mar. 20
Oct. 29
4,600
May 15
Oct. 12
Oakland
14
Dec. 30
Apr 23
Sept 26
Oleta ..
1,510
Apr. 8
Dec. 1
320
Feb. 19
Dec. 30
Oroville
188
Jan. 24
Dec. 30
Bodie
8,248
June 2
Aug. 7
Palermo
185
Dec. 23
5 500
May 25
Sept 20
723
Apr. 26
Oct 30
194
Apr. 8
Dee. 28
Peachland
220
Dec. 28
Apr. 10
Sept. 26
Pilot Creek
4,000
June 21
Sept. 20
4,675
Apr. 27
Sept. 18
Placerville
1,820
Feb. 7
Nov-. 28
Chico
193
Apr. 10
Dec. 28
Pollasky
1,200
....do...
Dec. 28
423
Mar. 28
Nov. 27
Pomona (near)
857
Feb. 12
Dec. 17
1 759
Feb. 4
Dec. 29
Porterville
461
Feb. 11
Dec. 28
50
Apr 26
Nov 20
3 350
May 28
Apr. 6
Dec. 4
Redbluff
307
Dec. 29
4 543
Apr 30
Sept 26
Redding
557
Feb. 9
Dec 3
Delta
1,138
Feb. 9
Sept. 6
Redlands
1,335
Apr. 9
Dec. 31
790
Feb. 6
Dec. 28
Rosewood
865
Apr. 10
Dec. 23
180
Mar 28
Dec 23
35
Dec 31
4 750
Apr 24
Oct. 29
San Ardo
236
Apr. 10
Dec. 22
1 609
Apr 9
1 054
Dec 31
126
Jan 9
Dec 27
San Francisco
183
Dec 30
Elmira
75
Feb. 8
Nov. 30
San Jacinto
1,500
Apr. ]2
Oct. 28
1 271
Apr 8
Dec 29
San Leandro
84
Dec 30
111
Apr. 4
Oct. 29
San Luis Obispo
201
Apr. 8
Dec. 29
182
Dec 30
San Miguel ...
616
Feb. 10
7 1)50
Apr 10
Oct 24
137
Dec 28
293
Dec 31
anta Clara. . .
83
Apr. 9
Dec. 31
May 1
Dec "8
18
Mar 27
Dec 23
2,750
Apr 8
Nov. 19
Santa Maria
220
Apr. 10
Dec. 13
Gilrov
193
Apr 9
Dec 23
286
Dec 30
65
Jan. 25
Dec 30
Santa Rosa
181
Apr. 9
Oct. 29
3 600
Mav 28
Oct 1
Shasta
1 148
Nov 21
249
Feb. 26
Oct. 25
Sonoma
30
Apr. 9
Dec. 30
100
Oct 29
70
Apr 10
Dec 31
Hollister
284
Apr. 10
Dec. 4
Stockton
33
Do.
3 907
Mar 7
Oct 30
20
Feb 12
Dec 23
lone
287
Feb 8
Dec. 28
Summerdale
5,270
May 28
Sept. 25
Iowa Hill
2 825
Mar 5
Dec 31
4 195
Apr 27
Sept 24
Jackson (near)
1,975
Apr. 8
Oct. 29
Tequisquita Rancho. .
Apr. 10
Dec. 23
Jolon
do
Oct 23
Thebe
Mar 15
Oct 1
2 600
May 9
Sept 27
Thermalito
236
Dec 30
Kono Tayee
1,325
Dec 28
Tulare
274
Mar 28
Oct 30
Laporte
5,000
May 28
Sept. 6
Ukiah
620
Apr. 9
Dec. 26
Le Grand
255
Apr 4
Dec 27
175
Feb 7
Dec 29
Lick Observatory
4 209
Oct 2
Vallev Springs
C73
Mar 27
Do
Lodi
35
Apr 9
Dec 29
213
Apr 2
Man ton
Apr 26
Nov 15
Visalia
334
Apr 10
Dec 28
173
Mar 28
23
Apr 8
Mokelumne Hill
1 550
Apr 8
Dec 2
West Point
> 3"6
\pr 4
Oct 7
Moreno Dam
3,100
Apr. 29
Oct. 30
H
do
Dee 28
20
Feb 6
Dec 30
565
do
Dec 23
Nevada City
2,580
Apr. 27
63
Mar 5
Nov 29
Niles (near)
87
Apr. 9
Dec 30
2 635
Mar 9
Sept 30
North Bloomfield
3,000
Apr. 14
Oct. 29
Yuba Citv
70
Jan 24
Dec. 29
FROST.
AVERAGE DATES OP KILLING FROSTS.
237
Stations.
Counties.
-^^
Eleva-
tion.
Average date.
Stations.
Counties.
Eleva-
tion.
Average date.
Last in
spring.
First in
autumn.
Last in
spring.
First in
autumn.
Anaheim
Orange .
Fret.
134
320
5,500
194
4,675
1,200
50
180
4,750
1,271
61
293
100
284
3,907
2,825
1,975
35
1,550
20
3,000
660
Apr. 4
Jan. 28
Apr. 26
Mar. 25
May 15
Mar. 17
May 10
Apr. 5
May 10
Mar. 23
Mar. 29
Mar. 1
Apr. 8
....do...
Mar. 23
Mar. 15
Apr. 15
Mar. 12
Mar. 21
Mar. 20
Apr. 17
Feb. 20
Dec. 20
Dec. 15
Oct. 25
Xov.25
Oct. 6
Dec. 5
Nov. 7
Do.
Oct. 22
Xov.26
Nov.29
Nov.lo
Nov.16
Nov.21
Oct. 25
Dec. 16
Oct. 25
Nov.16
Dec. 15
Nov.15
Do.
Dec. 13
San Bernardino . .
Feet.
1,800
2,130
14
1,510
723
220
857
3,350
307
1,000
865
35
183
201
220
5,270
4,195
620
175
84
2,635
Mar. 14
Apr. 11
Jan. 7
Mar. 20
Apr. 1
Apr. 14
Apr. 2
May 15
Mar. 27
Mar. 17
Apr. 8
Feb. 16
Jan. 25
Mar. 5
Mar. 10
May 7
May 10
Apr. 14
Mar. 12
Feb. 20
May 24
Dec. 14
Oct 15
Dec. 20
Nov. 19
Nov. 5
Nov. 21
Nov. 20
Sept 14
Dec. 16
Dec. 20
Nov. 7
Nov. 15
Dec. 10
Nov. 18
Nov. 25
Oct. 17
Sept. 22
Nov. 1
Dec. 21
Nov. 26
Sept. 26
Berkeley
Alameda
Bowman's Dam
Nevada
Oakland
Campbell
Santa Clara
Oleta
Cedarville .
Modoc
Paso Robles (near) . . .
San Luis Obispo . .
Claremont
Los Angeles . .
Crescent Citv . .
T)pl Knrtp
Dnrhflm , Rnttf
Edmanton Plumas
i Redbluff
Tehama
Elsinore Riverside..
Riverside
Riverside
Tviirpbfi HiimhnlHt
Tphftinrt
Fresno
Fresno .
Sonoma
San Francisco
San Luis Obispo . .
Santa Barbara
Mariposa
Hollister
San Benito
Independence
Iowa Hill . .
Inyo
Placer
Santa Maria
Jackson (near)
Amador
Lodi
San Joaquin
T-kih
Mokelumne Hill
Napa(S. H.)
North Bloomfield
North Hill Vineyard.
Calaveras
Vacaville
Solano. .
Napa
Nevada
Wheatland
Yuba
Yreka...
"siskivou
FOG.
One of the most marked atmospheric conditions with which the forecaster has to deal on
the coast of California is fog. Particularly in the vicinity of San Francisco are the effects
of the fog noticeable. Owing to the peculiar topography of this section, there are certain
well-marked stream lines in the general movement of the air from west to east; and in these
streams great masses of the condensed-water vapor lying beyond the heads and along the coast
are carried in through the Golden Gate. There are times when, judging from such reports as
are available, fog prevails along the entire Pacific coast. On the daily weather map which is
issued at San Francisco attention has been called several times within the last few years to the
fact that nearly every coast station reported fog, thus indicating the presence of a bank of fog at
sea from 1,100 to 1,600 miles in length. The distance seaward to which this fog extended is
not known, but from the records contained in logs of vessels sailing from San Francisco it is
thought that an average value would be about 50 miles. Now, fog, whether it appears for a
few hours at certain seasons, as in the harbors of the Atlantic coast, or regularly on summer
afternoons and winter mornings along the Pacific coast, and whether it lies in sharply defined
.streams and strata, as at San Francisco, or in ill-defined general banks, as off Newfoundland,
indicates certain sharp contrasts of temperature and air motion. On the Pacific coast there are
several well-marked types of fog the summer afternoon fog, moving from the sea to the land:
the morning winter land or tule fogs, which move seaward, and occasional nondescript smoke
fogs near the larger cities. /
At Mount Tamalpais we are able to look down upon the fog streaming through the
Golden Gate. On one side the ocean maintains a temperature of about 55 C F., while inland
the temperature is much higher. Some illustrations of the fog effects as photographed at
the Weather Bureau Observatory were published in the Monthly Weather Review for July
and November. 1900. and January. February, and March, 1901, and are here reproduced.
The differences in temperature, humidity, and air motion are so marked within comparatively
small distances, both horizontally and vertically, in the bay district that it seemed advisable
to tabulate in comparative form the meteorological elements for a year at the higher station
(elevation approximately half a mile) and the station at sea level. The present paper aims
to present, with some photographic evidence of fog forms and drifts, a rough study of the
air drainage of the locality in which fog streams and counter streams are of such frequent
occurrence that they serve excellently as exponents of air motion. The topography of the
section is remarkable, because of the close juxtaposition of ocean, bay. mountain, and foothill.
A valley, level as a table, 450 miles long and 50 miles wide, having afternoon temperatures of 100
or over, is connected by a narrow water passage with the Pacific Ocean, the mean temperature
of the water in this locality being 55. Thus within a distance of 50 miles in a horizontal
direction there is frequently a difference of 45- in temperature, while in a vertical direction there
is often a difference of GO C in an elevation of half a mile. High bluffs, ridges, and headlands are
at such an angle to the prevailing strong westerly surface air currents that an air stream is forced
with increased velocity through the Golden Gate, and there must of necessity be considerable
piling up of both air and water vapor at this point. The locality may indeed be considered as a
natural laboratory in which experiments connected with cloudy condensation of water vapor are
daily wrought, and it is therefore of more than passing interest to the meteorologist.
239
240
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
Much faithful work has been done in physical laboratories on the behavior of water vapor at
varying volumes, pressures, and temperatures. Regnault, Thomson, Broch, Aitken, Kiessling,
K. von Helmholtz, Hertz, Rayleigh, Von Bezold, Barus, Marvin, and others have worked upon
the change of state from vapor to liquid and from liquid to solid; and while man}^ irregularities
are noted in the behavior of water vapor, the general problems of decreasing volumes and
increasing pressures until condensation points are reached have been solved, and it is well
understood that the vapor-liquid and liquid-solid condensations are in themselves but two phases
in a chain of condensation phenomena. The problem of fog is therefore a limited one. It may
be considered as a special case of cloud development, occurring in the first and second stages of
Hertz, viz, the unsaturated and saturated stages. Condensation in the free air, as in these fog
formations, takes place under conditions different from those obtaining in the laboratory. There
are no fixed restraining walls, though the strongly stratified outlines suggest sharply limited air
streams. Again, saturation as it occurs in free, constantly changing air and true adiabatic
saturation are not identical. Saturation in the free air must be studied under disadvantageous
circumstances, for the work must be done at a distance, with instruments neither sufficiently
delicate nor accurate, and there is no control of conditions possible. In passing it may be noted
that, except for traces of salt, the air of the section under consideration is partially filtered, as
it presumably comes from off the broad ocean and is as free from land dust and smoke as normal
air can be. Offshore winds are infrequent and light.
An attempt has been made at the Mount Tamalpais station to correlate the surface
pressure conditions with fog. A typical pressure distribution accompanying sea fogs has been
recognized. In general, a movement southward along the coast of an area of high pressure in
summer means fresh northerly winds and high temperature in the interior of the State, with
brisk westerly winds, laden with fog, on the coast.
An excellent illustration of a successful forecast of fog may be found in connection with the
daily weather map of June 30, 1899, and also July 1, 1899. It should, however, be stated that
fog does not always occur with these typical fog maps. For example, on June 28, 1899, the
pressure distribution was such as to lead to the expectation of fog, but no fog was reported on
this date.
COMPARATIVE DATA FOR SAN FRANCISCO AND MOUNT TAMALPAIS.
In Bulletin No. 28 issued by the Weather Bureau, entitled "The Climate of San Francisco,"
meteorological data pertaining to the city of San Francisco are given up to the beginning of
1899. It is not necessary to repeat here these records; but the data for 1899, being available,
possess special interest:
Year and month.
Mean monthly tem-
peratures.
Year and month.
Mean monthly tem-
peratures.
Year and month.
Mean monthly tem-
peratures.
Mount
Tamalpais.
San Fran-
cisco.
Mount
Tamalpais.
San Fran-
cisco.
Mount San Fran-
Tamalpais. Cisco.
1899.
January
47.8
47.6
44.6
51.6
51.2
53.0
51.6
52.2
54.6
52.6
1899.
66.8
71.0
61.4
73.2
55.3
56.9
55.9
58.3
58.2
59.3
1899.
49.4 56.8
47.7 49.6
February
July . .
December
April
55. 6 54. 9
May
These temperatures, compared with those of 1898, show that the annual mean temperature
of both stations for the two years is practically 55, which is also the mean annual temperature,
so far as we can judge from somewhat scattered data, of the ocean in the vicinity of San Fran-
cisco. The temperature of the lower station naturally approximates sea conditions throughout
the year, while the departures at the more elevated station are marked in both winter and
summer.
FOG. 241
The highest temperature recorded on the mountain during the year was 96, on July 18:
the maximum temperature on the same date at San Francisco being 66 C , and at Point Reyes 52.
It is worthy of note than within so short a distance as 25 miles, between Mount Tamalpais and
Point Reyes, there should be a difference of 44 C . The highest temperature recorded at San
Francisco during 1899-was 94 on October 8, while on this date the maximum temperature on
Mount Tamalpais was 88 C , and at Point Reyes 74 C . The lowest temperature recorded during
the year on the mountain was 23 C , on February 4, and on the same date 34 at San Francisco
and at Point Rej^es. The minimum temperature was, therefore, 11 lower at the higher station.
As has been elsewhere stated, during summer months there is very frequently, owing to the fog,
a cooling of ll c at the lower station. In all of these instances the retarding influence of the
water is apparent, in summer the temperature near the sea remaining cool, and comparatively
warm in winter.
Including every day in the month of June there was found to be a mean daily difference of
11.4", or in other words from the data obtained by means of this mountain station, checked by
data from Point Reyes and Mount Hamilton, 'the temperature rose at the rate of 1 for every
203 feet of elevation. This increase held at least up to 2,380 feet.
If we consider only those days in the month (twenty-four) when there was a rise with eleva-
tion, we have for the mean daily difference in temperature between Mount Tamalpais and San
Francisco 15.3, i. e., the temperature rises l c for every 155 feet elevation. This may be
adopted as a working normal summer-day gradient.
For days when there was a decrease in temperature with elevation, six in all, we find a differ-
ence of 5.9, or there was 1 fall for every 402 feet, which, it may be noted, is not quite as steep
a gradient as values generally given in text-books, 1 for every 300 feet.
We notice first that periods of rainy or cloud}- and cold weather occur when the surface
temperatures are higher than those of the upper level. It would seem as if at these times the
different air strata from sea level to 2,500 feet had been intermingled to some degree and the cold
layer usually existing close to the surface had been ternporaril\ T displaced.
Fogs seem to occur at times of steep inverted gradients; in other words, when the tempera-
ture of the 2,500-foot level is considerably higher than at sea level.
The conclusion to be drawn from what precedes is that the summer fogs of San Francisco
result from the chilling of the upper warm air over the ocean by the water, particularly the cold
current close to the shore. The strong indraft through the Golden Gate on summer afternoons (see
charts of hourly wind velocity, 3 to 7 p. m., fig. 6) carries with it the fog. The movement of
the lower fog-laden air eastward and into the valley is compensated by a westward air movement
at higher levels. The great difference of temperature between the valley and the ocean, often
50 within as many miles, is probably the prime factor in controlling the circulation.
The mountain, as might be supposed, is the drier station, the mean relative humidity being
59 per cent, while it is 83 per cent at San Francisco. Especially during the summer months is
the difference noticeable, and, doubtless, it is this dryness which causes such an agreeable
"change of climate'' to visitors at this season. The difference may perhaps be stated more
clearly in this way: The weight of water vapor per cubic foot varies from 1.9 grains to 3.5 grains
on the mountain during the year, while at San Francisco it varies from 3.3 grains to 4.4 grains.
The average hourly wind velocity seems to increase with elevation, the values for the mountain
station far exceeding those of the lower station. The maximum velocities recorded are. respec-
tively. 91 and 47 miles per hour. The total wind movement was 177,017 miles at Mount
Tamalpais and 96,602 miles at San Francisco.
1176 Bull. Lr 03 16
242
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
COMPARATIVE DATA.
MOUNT TAMALPAJS, 1899.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
An-
nual.
27. 62
*27.65
27.53
27.54
27.53
27.51
27.50
27.49
27.56
27.52
27.55
27.62
27.55
51.8
53.3
49.5
58.6
58.1
73.9
78.2
68.5
79.9
CO. 7
52.9
52.3
6h5
43.8
41.9
39.6
44.7
44.3
59.6
63.7
54.2
66.6
49.9
45.9
43.1
49.8
47.8
47.6
44.6
51.6
51.2
66.8
71.0
61.4
73.3
56.3
49.4
47.7
55.7
69
71
69
77
82
86
96
79
92
88
61
64
96
32
23
32
32
33
41
46
45
47
.
40
34
23
34
29
36
35
35
39
33
39
32
37
46
41
36
70
56
77
68
62
43
30
50
29
63
91
80
59
5.92
0.28
10.38
1.89
1.70
0.29
0.00
0.01
0.00
4.2''
7.48
4.65
36.86
1.54
0.14
2.51
0.53
1.39
0.24
0.00
0.01
0.00
l.:
2.51
0.83
2.51
6.0
3.4
6.7
4.7
4.1
1.8
1.2
2.3
2.0
-|.
8.0
4.6
4.1
24
23.2
22.8
19.8
22.9
19.8
17.6
16.5
17.1
18.'-
16.7
23.9
20.2
NW.
NW.
W.
N.
NW.
NW.
NW.
W.
NW.'
NW.
NW.
NK.
NW.
86
84
76
84
78
86
61
91
66
71
56
76
.91
W.
NW.
:-w.
NW.
NW.
NW.
N.
NW.
NW.
NW,
W.
N.
NW.
8
14
7
13
17
24
29
24
26
16
2
16
196
9
13
7
8
9
5
2
4
4
5
10
4
80
14
1
17
9
5
1
3
10.
18
11
at
Davs with 01 inch rainfall
14
4
17
7
3
3
1
1
19
13
92
14
2
16
6
3
1
8
15
12
77
174.9
263.8
162. 6
300.7
344.6
404.5
445.4
373.4
354.7
234.0
105.9
177.7
3,342
57
87
44
76
78
91
99
88
95
67
35
60
73
Mean daily range of temperature
Mean daily change of temperature . . .
8.0
2.8
17, 821
11.4
3.8
15 608
9.9
4.1
16, 9S6
13.9
6.3
14,234
13.8
4.7
17,074
14.3
6.1
14,257
14.5
5.9
13,108
14.3
4.7
12,283
13.3
3.4
12,307
10.8
4.2
13, 561
7.0
2.1
11,996
9.3
3.1
17,782
11.7
4.3
177,017
SAN FRANCISCO, 1899.
29.98
30.00
29. 89
29.87
29.87
29.78
29.78
29.78
29.83
29.83
29.88
29.98
29.87
58.3
58.0
57.3
61.2
58.3
63.4
61.5
63.5
65.1
66.1
61.0
54.8
60.7
47.6
45.3
47.1
47.9
46.9
50.4
50.3
53.1
51.3
52.5
52.6
44.4
49.1
Mean monthly temperature
53.0
51.6
52.2
54.6
52.6
56.9
55.9
58.3
58.2
59.3
56.8
49.6
.54.9
78
80
74
80
80
75
73
78
73
94
65
63
94
Lowest temperature
40
34
42
43
43
47
48
50
48
46
48
37
34
46
45
48
45
45
49
50
52
52
50
52
44
48
80
82
86
76
79
83
87
84
89
78
86
83
83
Total rainfall
3.67
0.10
7.61
0.62
0.86
0.01
0.00
T.
0.00
3.92
3.79
2.65
23.23
O.S8
0.08
2 15
46
77
01
0.00
T.
0.00
1.94
1.51
1.17
2.15
Mean cloudiness
6.7-
4.6
6.5
3
2 6
2.0
3.6
3.3
3.0
3.0
5.8
3.8
4.0
7.9
9 8
11 7
13 9
14 2
15.3
14.4
12.6
8.5
6.6
8.6
11.0
Prevailing wind direction
SE.
W.
W.
W
W
\V.
SW.
SW.
S\V.
W.
SE.
N.
W.
Maximum wind velocity .. .
47
39
36
38
37
44
41
39
40
n
30
30
47
sw
W
W
W
W
\V
W
W
W -
w
SW
SW.
SW
5
11
g
18
21
23
16
18
'O
i
g
18
185
Partly cloudv days
11
10
9
10
5
11
11
8
5
11
g
104
15
7
16
2
3
2
4
2
o
11
7
76
Days with 0.01 rainfall
11
2
15
5
2
1
9
12
10
67
Davs with 0.04 rainfall
9
1
10
3
2
ft
o
o
g
11
10
62
Actual hours sunshine
152.1
215.7
19 9
327 7
365 1
38 4
294 1
308 4
292 5
yr> 5
129 1
190 5
".12 :!
Percentage of sunshine
50
71
52
83
83
86
65
73
78
73
42
64
69
Mean daily range of temperature
Mean daily change of temperature . . .
Total wind movement
10.7
2.0
5 864
12.7
3.1
5 860
10.2
2.6
7 316
13.3
4.3
8 394
11.4
2.2
10 346
13.0
3.1
1 019
11.3
2.1
11 356
10.4
2.0
10 722
13.8
'2.2
9 066
13.6
3.4
6 (> 98
8.4
1.9
4 757
10.4
2.3
g 430
11.6
2.6
96 60
FOG.
sr.VSHINE AT MOrST TAMALPA1S FOR 1899 AND 1900.
[X. lat. 37 56'.]
243
Percentage of sunshine recorded during hours ending ( local time)
Per-
centage
:' : -
sible.
1.
January
a 5 m. 6 ^ 7*
8k
9'
10*
11'
Noon.
2'
3
4'
5
6'
7
loiai
(hours).
60
85
46
78
81
87
98
87
--
58
30
54
57
--
48
77
83
100
92
96
64
31
56
56
90
47
76
81
87
100
94
98
61
33
62
62
90
43
76
79
87
100
91
96
66
63
60
85
41
80
72
100
88
100
69
35
62
57
"
45
84
95
ICO
88
71
36
64
57
90
55
85
QQ
100
91
98
76
40
63
54
91
50
--
97
99
92
97
76
35
58
57
93
49
91
"
97
100
AA
93
96
75
39
59
49
81
50
89
92
97
99
95
94
65
39
55
72
77
27
83
90
98
100
94
-
64
100
-
57
87
44
76
78
91
99
"
95
67
35
60
February
78
26
50
72
87
97
87
94
CQ
31
82
263 8
March ... 25
4
48
64
96
100
76
85
162.6
300.7
11 344.6
78 404.5
96 445.4
29 373.4
354.7
234
April
'....1 21
47 4o
84 84
93 94
tV.
Mav
Julv
September ' 96
October 100
November . .
tee. a
December
Sum
ZK 531
763
852
71
878 885
73 74
893
74
881
73
912
76
939
78
926
77
937
78
- .-
75
890
173
214 3,342.3
<rxt *
877
73
Percentage of pos-
sible
1900.
januarv
"""
44
69
71
56
71
69
94
81
69
61
46
56
48
72
72
62
70
67
94
83
69
71
46
59
50
67
77
66
73
73
95
86
75
74
52
60
49
62
76
69
71
79
97
--
72
76
51
65
55
60
72
66
69
73
93
-
66
72
50
54
56
74
73
65
72
81
91
/o
74
49
59
63
73
77
69
75
86
-
94
79
75
48
66
65
69
74
70
77
86
95
93
76
72
59
62
62
69
74
69
81
91
90
76
74
59
60
52
62
66
61
80
86
91
87
77
65
49
60
46
61
62
58
72
85
91
84
71
59
ifi?; 7
55
67
73
63
73
76
93
73
70
51
60
- -
February
67
79
56
67
62
95
81
69
60
64
100
03 3
March 100
76
56
70
76
88
85
60
270.4
\pril sa
Mav
88 68
66 62
96 94
80
96 322.2
78 j 338.0
89 419.7
100 364.9
1 270.5
ojs 3
Julv
September
.. - 59
October
November
155 9
December
178 7
Sum
250 516
soo
787
66
813
-
HI
71
855 816
71 68
864
72
903
75
898
75
890
74
83t
70
689
510
363 3, 181. 7
265 1
840
70
Percentage of pos-
sible
244
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
The following notes on " Fog at Mount Tamalpais " are reprinted from the Monthly Weather
Review, November, 1900, and January, February, and March, 1901:
In fig. 21, Plate I, is shown perhaps the most common type of fog. It may be of interest to compute roughly
the weight of water vapor existing under such conditions. From a number of records, a fair average dew-point
temperature is 51 F. (10.6 C.) . It is estimated that an area 10 miles east and west and an equal distance north and
south is covered with fog The upper level of the fog may be taken as half a mile. If the fog were solidly packed,
we could not be much in error if we estimated its bulk at 50 cubic miles.
There are, therefore, 5280 s X 50 cubic feet of water vapor at a mean temperature of 51 F. A cubic foot of vapor
at this temperature weighs 4.222 grains, and we therefore have as a gross weight 2,219,535 tons of 2,000 pounds each.
But most generally the fog disappears between sea level and 1,200 to 1,500 feet altitude, and there are also wide
swaths or channels fog free. The amount given above, therefore, would need to be cut in two, and a liberal estimate
of the weight of the water vapor in a fog outside the Heads is 1,000,000 tons. This is carried through the Golden
Gate by westerly winds, blowing 22 miles per hour, from 1 to 5 p. m.
For each square mile of surface there would be about 10,000 tons of water vapor and for each acre about
15.63 tons. This is equivalent to a rainfall of 0.14 inch.
In Waldo's Modern Meteorology <* an example in the use of Hertz's graphical tables for following the changes in
a given quantity of water vapor under varying conditions is given. With little change, the problem will apply in
this case.
FIG. 20. Fog service at San Francisco. Corner of large map standing in main corridor of Ferry Building. By means of frequent
reports from Point Reyes and Mount Tamalpais the extent and character of fog over Drakes Bay, the roadstead, and the Gate itself
are known in the city.
At San Francisco the mean actual pressure is 29.87 inches (758.7mm.) and at Tamalpais 27.55 inches (699.8
mm. ) ; the elevation of the latter station is 724 meters, and the former is practically at sea level.
With a prec-rure of 750 mm. and a temperature of 27 C. (80 F. ), a given mass of air, half saturated, lifted
upward under adiabatic conditions, will not change its initial 11 grams of water contents per kilogram until at an
elevation of 640 meters, when condensation would begin. At an elevation of 700 meters, the pressure being 687
mm., the temperature would be 19.3 C. (67 F.).
At 640 meters the dew-point would be 13.3 C. (56 F.) or 2.5 C. lower than the initial dew-point 15.8 C. (60
F. ), the difference being due to the increased volume. At 1,000 meters the temperature would be 8.2 C. (49 F. ),
or at a rate of 0.51 C. decrease per 100 meters elevation.
It is pointed out, however, that in all theoretical values the assumption is made that the kilogram of mixed air
and water vapor retains its mass unchanged, but this can not be the case with a mixture in free air performing a
journey of any extent. It is also to be remembered that in the actual case before us the horizontal movements of
the given mass would be of far more significance than the vertical movements.
a Page 236. The paper in full is translated in Professor Abbe's Mechanics of the Earth's Atmosphere, No. XIV,
pp. 198-211. [Improved methods are given by Professor Bigelow in his Report on the International Cloud Observa-
tions. Washington. 1900.]
to
pi
'l
Tl
cc
H
I
DD
2
o
c
z
H
o
:
a
p
N>
'|
I
O
c
z
H
O
>
I'lAlt V,
Fw. 28. -Foo BILLOW*.
FOG. 245
In^Von Bezold's third paper on the "Thermodynamics of the atmosphere" (see Mechanics of the Atmosphere,
pp. 257-288) the effect of mixing different air masses is considered. If two masses of saturated air at C. and
20 C., respectively, and at 700 mm. pressure are thoroughly mixed, the greatest amount of rainfall that can occur is
0.75 gram per kilogram of air and water vapor. The temperature of the mixture will be 11 C. (52 F.). The
warmer mixture would have yielded the same amount of rainfall by raising it 310 meters or cooling it 1.6 C. by
elevation and 0.8 C. by contact.
Direct cooling by contact or radiation is shown by Von Bezold to be more efficient as a cause of rainfall than cool-
ing by mixture, but in the production of fog it is probable that cooling by mixture (except in the case of ground
fogs) is the most important factor to be considered. It is to be noted that reverse pressures should also be studied,
for perhaps a close watch upon the conditions prevailing when fog is rapidly dissipating might conversely throw light
upon the order and relative importance of the three ways of cooling, viz, mixture, expansion, and radiation.
Von Bezold's deductions may be thus summarized: More vapor condenses when a stream of air and vapor at low
temperature impinges on a mass of warmer air than with reversed conditions. Ocean fogs as a rule form when cool
air flows over warm, moist surfaces, but in the case under discussion, where the ocean surface temperature is 13 C.
(55 F.) and the air temperature may reach 27 C. (80 F. ), it is evident that the above does not hold. It is more
probable that condensation is the result of the sharp temperature contrasts at the boundaries of certain air currents
having different temperatures, humidities, and velocities, and that the contours of the land play an important part
in originating and directing these air currents. The summer afternoon fogs of the San Francisco Bay region, then, are
probably due to mixture more than radiation or expansion. The winter tule fogs of the Sacramento and San Joaquin
valleys are probably pure types of radiation fog, where the process of cloud building is from the cooled ground
upward. Occasionally in summer, when the warm air has been pumped out of the valleys and there is rapid radia-
tion, ground fog forms. An illustration of this is given in fig. 22, Plate I, where fog covers a number of valleys.
Summer sea fog is shown in fig. 23, Plate II, and, as said above, is probably due to mixture. The wave motions or
Luft AVogen of Von Helmholtz are shown in fig. 24, Plate II, and also the surgings or splashings, where a certain
condensation results from the mechanical uplifting.
In several papers presented to the Royal Academy of Sciences of Prussia, Prof. H. von Helmholtz has discussed
the conditions which must occur in the atmosphere where strata of different densities lie close together, with par-
ticular reference to the billow and wave effects near the limiting surfaces of the strata.
"It apppars to me not doubtful,"" says Helmholtz, "that such systems of waves occur with remarkable fre-
quency at the bounding surfaces of strata of air of different densities, even although in most cases they remain
invisible to us. Evidently we see them only when the lowest stratum is so nearly saturated with aqueous vapor that
the summit of the wave, within which the pressure is less, begins to form a haze."
It is probable, as Helmholtz states, that conditions favorable for the origin and propagation of air waves often
exist, but with the exception of certain cloud forms it is seldom that the meteorologist has an opportunity to see this
wave action clearly defined. It therefore seems of importance to present a few photographs showing the actual wave
effects produced probably by the sharp contrasts of air currents of different densities in the vicinity of Mount
Tamalpais.
It is thought that in the photographs of fog billows (Plates III and IV) there is evidence of the movement of
rectilinear waves propagated, with little change of form and velocity, along the bounding surfaces of the different air
strata.
AVith a wind velocity of 10 meters per second, which nearly corresponds with the mean velocity of the inflowing
colder current (the average summer afternoon velocity of the wind through the Golden Gate is about 22 miles per
hour), the wave length, A, is determined by Von Helmholtz to be about 900 meters (2,950 feet). The wave lengths
shown in the various fog photographs herewith are of corresponding magnitude and vary, it is estimated, from 100 to
2,000 meters. Helmholtz states further: *
" Since the moderate winds that occur on the surface of the earth often cause water waves of a meter in length,
therefore the same winds acting upon strata of air of 10 difference in temperature maintain waves of from 2 to 5
kilometers in length/'
Equations for the velocity of propagation and the diminution of the speed with a change of the depth of the
lower stratum and a discussion of the energy of the waves are given for special cases. It is also pointed out that the
elevations of the air waves can amount to many hundred meters, and that precipitation could thus be inechanically
brought about. The same wind can excite waves of different lengths and velocities, and the interference and reen-
forcement may perceptibly modify the wave form. One of the processes by which waves of great height can be
formed is thus pointed out by Helmholtz, namely, where two wave summits of different groups of waves reenforce
each other. The wave height may be so great that foaming is produced. Such long and deep waves may have a
tearing on the explanation of certain local and nonperiodic disturbances.
The demonstrated existence of these air billows and waves is important also in connection with the transmission
of other air waves. It is well known that sound waves are reflected and refracted in a marked degree in the vicinity
of fog banks, fog walls, and fog billows. The inaudibility of fog signals from sirens is one of the greatest sources of
danger and anxiety in navigation. Any increase in our knowledge of the dispersion and aberration of these fog
signals will be hailed with joy by many thousand travelers. In the vicinity of San Francisco, as evidenced by the
" See Abbe's Mechanics of the Earth's Atmosphere, p. 94.
*See Mechanics of the Earth's Atmosphere, p. 103.
246 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
series of photographs accompanying these papers, the opportunities for studying the general aberration of sound
waves in fog are excellent. It is our earnest hope that in due time some experimental work in this direction may be
undertaken at the observatory on Mount Tamalpais. Some very strange effects have already been noticed with
regard to the noise of a train when traversing different air strata.
Zones of audibility appear to be quite sharply marked, even after making allowance for the many canyons and
"mesas" (tablelands). On foggy days these zones are greatly modified. In addition to changes in density and
temperature which sound waves would experience, there are changes due to the movement of the sound-conveying
medium. The strong air currents moving toward the listener increase the frequency of vibration and raise the pitch;
conversely the air currents moving away from the listener flatten the note.
There have been several instances on nights without fog where ordinary sounds have been heard distinctly a
distance of nearly two miles. On other occasions it has been possible to obtain echoes from hills distant one-half
mile or more when the intervening valley was covered with fog. The echoes could not be heard when the fog was
absent.
The accompanying photographs may throw light upon the much-discussed question of the abnormal aberration
of fog signals. It will be remembered that Prof. Joseph Henry, who for twelve years served as chairman of the
Light-House Board, thought that the wind played a more important part in the abnormal aberration of sound waves
than the so-called acoustic clouds described by Professor Tyndall. It is probable that up to a certain point both
explanations may hold, but the wind is seemingly the more active factor in most cases. Sound moving with the
wind is refracted downward and moving against the wind refracted upward.
From the great mass of conflicting evidence it appears that a homogeneous atmosphere without the internal
stream lines (see reference to this under "Air drainage," in previous pages) conveys sound waves very well; but this
is not the usual condition. Under normal conditions the mass of air within a mile or two of a light-house and
extending upward half a mile is neither still nor homogeneous. One of the main purposes of the accompanying
fog photographs is to show the stratification, faulting, and upheaval effects due to differences of temperature and
density caused by extensive and rapidly moving currents. Of course the aberration of audibility of fog signals
due to changes of the sound-conveying medium is not to be confounded with the aberration in audibility due to
topographical features and the normal reflection and refraction of sound waves. Probably within a short distance
of every light-house there are zones or points of inaudibility due to the latter causes. An excellent illustration of
this can be found in a paper on Fogs and Fog Signals of the Pacific Coast, by Ferdinand Lee Clarke. c It is there
shown that the sirens around the Golden Gate and in San Francisco Bay are inaudible at certain points. Here
there is an interference of sound waves due to numerous natural reflections.
It has been suggested that if the fog signals at Lime Point and at Point Bonita were properly attuned a resulting
harmonic might be heard at certain points instead of the weakened noise now heard. We need measurements of
the energy producing the air pulsation, the proportionate energy reaching the ship or given point, and the rate of
expenditure with different conditions of density and air movement. By the employment of suitable resonators the
pulsations reaching the ship might be more easily detected. With the introduction of etheric telegraphy it would
almost seem practicable to obtain by this same principle of resonance electromagnetic signals, and by comparing the
time intervals between these and the sound waves in air or transmitted through water the distance apart of the vessels
or the distance from the shore might be determined within a few feet.
The velocity of sound, it is generally stated, is within wide limits practically independent of both intensity and
pitch. In dry air at C., according to Rowland, the velocity of sound propagation is 331.78 meters (1,090 feet) per
second. In water vapor at 10 C., according to Masson, the velocity is about 402 meters (1,318 feet) and at 96 C.
410 meters (1,345 feet) per second. In water at 10 C. the velocity is about 1,435 meters (4,708 feet) , in copper about
3,560 meters, and in glass from 5,000 to 6,000 meters.
The velocity is proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature, as given by the formula:
a =OB-/ 1 h 273
where a = velocity of sound
o = velocity of sound at C.
The velocity of sound propagation in dry air is therefore about 37 times more rapid than that of the average
summer afternoon winds (20 miles per hour), which blow through the Golden Gate with such regularity and which
are the prime disturbing factors in the circulation of the air in this vicinity. The question of refraction of sound in
free air has been independently studied by Stokes, Taylor, & Henry, c Tyndall,^ and Reynolds, and many of the
puzzling phenomena connected with the aberration of sound can be demonstrated to be caused by the bending of
the sound beams in traversing air strata of varying temperatures and motions. The most efficient cause of loss of
audibility is wind. The loss is not due to an actual retardation of the sound waves by the movement of the air so much
as to a refraction of the wave front upward from the earth. Sound traveling with the wind is bent downward
and traveling against the wind is bent upward. Knowing this, we are able, by lifting the position of the hearer,
Report British Association, 1857. << Philosophical Transactions, 1874.
6 Smithsonian Report, 1875. * Philosophical Transactions, 1876.
< Smithsonian Report, 1877.
FOG. . 247
sometimes to make sound audible against the wind. Thus Henry shows that a sound moving against the wind,
inaudible to the ear on the deck of a vessel, could be heard at the masthead. Reynolds's experiments even
more conclusively demonstrate the bending of the wave front downward as a rule when moving with the wind
and upward when moving against the wind.
The accompanying photographs, Plate V, figs. 27 and 28, show air strata moving with varying velocities. As a
rule the upper currents have the greater velocity, but not infrequently this condition is reversed. In such cases
audibility should be favored even by an opposing wind, and this is sometimes found to be the case. Thus far We
have alluded only to the refraction of the wave fronts due to varying air velocities; but the varying temperatures of
the different air masses will also affect the relative audibility. Reynolds instances a marked case, where, owing to a
thorough cooling of the lower air strata, and presumably a marked inverted temperature gradient, the audibility was
excellent, the sound being refracted downward, and all objects " looming," as it were. It is even possible to work
out the retardation or acceleration of the wave front with the degree of variation in temperature. Finally, it may be
that the temperature and the air motion may act together to refract downward the sound wave, and it may also
happen that the one influence may oppose the other. Thus Reynolds gives an example where, with a heavy dew
on the ground, sound could be heard equally well against a light wind as with the wind
' ' Showing that the upward refraction by the wind was completely counteracted by the downward refraction from
the diminution of temperature. This was observed not to be the case when cloudiness at night prevented terrestrial
radiation." (Proc. R. 8., 1874.)
The presence of large quantities of condensed water vapor brings us to the question of refracting surfaces and
the reverberation of the sound rather than its velocity.
When a sound wave travels over a perfectly smooth surface, such as a glassy sea, or a sharply outlined plane of
condensation, the intensity of the sound does not diminish with the usual rapidity. In discussing the propagation
of sound in whispering galleries, Rayleigh" shows that the abnormal loudness is not confined to a point diametrically
opposite that occupied by the speaker, but that there is a bending or clinging of the sound waves to the surface of
the concave wall. Sonorous vibrations at fog surfaces and cloud surfaces may behave in a somewhat similar way,
and it is probable that the curvature of the surface is not of as great importance as the comparative smoothness of the
surface. Probably the roll of thunder is an excellent illustration of continued reverberation at cloud surfaces.
Any memoir upon the fog of San Francisco Bay would be incomplete without a reference to
one of the most remarkable of marine accidents. On the morning of Friday, February 22, 1901,
the Pacific Mail steamship Bio de Janeiro ran upon the Fort Point Reef during a fog. Within
fifteen or twenty minutes from the time of striking the vessel sank, and of the 210 persons on
board 130 were lost. Another statement, purporting to be official, makes the total number
aboard 207 and the lost 127.
The following facts are obtained chiefly from the statements of Pilot F. VV. Jordan. The
ship's master. Capt. William Ward, went down with the vessel. The pilot boarded the Rio de
Janeiro in the vicinity of the 9-fathom buoy, near the bar buoy, and anchored in 13 fathoms at
a little before 6 o'clock Thursday night, February 21. The weather being foggy, the ship
remained at anchor till about 4 a. m., one hundred and twentieth meridian time, when the fog
lifted and the Cliff House light could be seen, but not the Point Bonita light. Preparations
were in progress to steam into the harbor, when a dense fog came out from the Golden Gate,
obscuring everything. There is some difference of testimony as to whether the captain or the
pilot gave the orders to proceed in the fog, but the vessel was started on a northeast course with
Lime Point straight ahead, steering by the whistle. The pilot expected to get an echo of the
ship's whistle from Point Diablo, but heard none. The course was changed north-northeast with
the intention of running close to Lime Point. The 'vessel was not moving at full speed and was
subject to a strong cross current, which, apparently acting at right angles to the length of the
vessel, carried the ship to the south, far out of the proper course. The first officer was standing
on the starboard side listening for the Fort Point belL No soundings, however, were taken.
The vessel struck a short distance to the southwest of the Fort Point light. At the moment of
striking the pilot saw the white flash at Fort Point and heard the Fort Point bell.
The pilot had had eleven years" experience in the harbor and was considered one of the most
capable pilots in San Francisco. He had never previously met with an accident. There appears
to be no doubt of the existence of the strong cross current, inasmuch as other vessels entering
Theory of Sound, vol. \>, *er. l'*7.
248 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
the harbor about the same time on the same morning came near going on the rocks. The Pacific
Mail Steamship Company has a rule that vessels must not enter or leave a harbor when fog
prevails. On the morning in question the fog lifted for a few moments and then settled down
again; but by 9 a. m., local time, the fog had dissipated. The rest of the day was clear and
balmy and the water as smooth as a mill pond.
The vessel struck about 5.30 a. m., with the pilot and captain on the bridge, the first officer
on the starboard side of the bridge listening for the bell, and the second officer at the telegraph.
When the vessel struck, the captain blew the danger whistle, a long blast. Ordinary fog blasts
(long enough to count six or seven) had been blown previously.
The details of the accident, particularly with reference to the whistles, the course steered,
and the motion of the current, are given, because from such evidence as can be obtained at this
writing it appears that even after the vessel struck the sound of the whistle was not heard
plainly at Fort Point, not more than half a mile distant, where a lookout of the life-saving station
was on duty and where a life-saving crew could have hurried to the rescue and probably reached
the ship within five minutes, without doubt saving many of those whose lives were lost. There
was also a sentry walking post within a short distance of the lookout. It is stated that some
soldiers heard voices and also a whistle, but the evidence is very conflicting, and it seems
improbable that if the long danger blast was clearly heard it should pass without notice and
subsequent action.
The Weather Bureau records show that about ,the time of the accident a mongrel tule fog
prevailed over the Baj' of San Francisco. At Mount Tamalpais the weather was clear, with a
wind of 13 miles per hour from the northwest. At San Francisco dense fog prevailed, with little,
if any, wind. The wind vane at the Mills Building indicated a southwest wind blowing about 1
mile per hour. From 1 a. m. to 6 a. m. but 9 miles of wind were recorded.
When all is said and done it appears that the fog was the prime factor in causing the loss of
the vessel. Owing to the aberration of the sound waves in the fog the pilot was unable to hear
the fog signals from either Point Bonita or Lime Point to the north, or the tolling of the bell at
Fort Point to the east and north. It has not, however, been shown that the bell was certainly
ringing. The Lime Point whistle has great penetrative power. The fog bell at Fort Point is 40
feet above the water, and should be heard for at least a mile. It is supposed to be struck every
ten seconds. It is a strange fact that in a paper upon the Fogs and Fog Signals of the Pacific
Coast, by Ferdinand Lee Clark, published in 1888, there should occur this statement concerning
the fog bell at Fort Point:
In point of fact it is said to be hardly ever heard except when too late to be of use. * * * If mariners
depended upon its sound to tell them how near they were to the point, they would generally have no time after
hearing it tg clear the danger.
The loss of the Bio de Janeiro proves that the bell at Fort Point in its present position is
sometimes of little value.
The temperature at the time of the accident was 50 F. at sea level and 52 at a height of
2,500 feet. The thickness of the fog probably did not exceed a few hundred feet; and, as
indicated above, it was a land fog rather than a sea fog.
As a general thing the reflected sounds from Point Bonita and Lime Point are heard better
on the south side of the channel. On the accompanying rough sketch of the channel the lines of
natural reflection are drawn and also the zones of inaudibility.
It is not difficult to account for the failure of the echo of the ship's whistle from some
portion of the northern shore, as the distance of the vessel from Point Diablo was too great.
The sound waves from the fog whistle at Lime Point, however, should have been heard, and as
the moderate southwest wind would tend to cause a deflection of the sound wave upward it is
possible that while the sound was inaudible on the deck of the vessel it might have been heard
by a lookout at the masthead.
FOG.
249
The catastrophe furnishes a remarkable illustration of the utter helplessness of a vessel in
fog, despite lights and fog whistles. It would seem that under such conditions nothing short of
some method of fog dissipation will suffice.
It has occurred to the writer, although the suggestion may prove of no value in practice,
that if a strong sound had been made under water by some automatic contrivance at either Lime
Point or Point Diablo, and the Rio d- Janeiro been provided with some suitable device rendering
audible the sound wave through the water, the strong cross current would have facilitated the
passage of the sound and a zone of audibility would have been established in the water, while in
the atmosphere above the fog signals would have been inaudible.
E/eraf/on rang/try
/voo to zsoo rr
:. -
FIG. 31. Probable conditions at time of wreck, February 22, 1901.
The accompanying photographs. Plate A 7 !, are submitted to show that to a certain degree the
captain and the pilot were justified in assuming that they might soon run into areas free from
fog. As a matter of fact on the day in question the fog soon disappeared and a delay of perhaps
two hours would have prevented the accident. It should not be forgotten, however, that the
captain was unwilling to enter the harbor during the fog Thursday night, and that the vessel
remained at anchor for a period of nearly twelve hours and was thereby exposed in a large
degree to the danger of collision.
THUNDERSTORMS.
It is sometimes stated that thunderstorms are exceedingly rare in California and that light-
ning is almost unknown along the coast. And it is general!}" believed that the Pacific coast,
or at least the southern half of it, is a region free from thunderstorms and the damage by
lightning is practically an unknown quantitj'. In the eastern part of the United States consid-
erable damage is done by thunderstorms between the months of April and September. In
California thunderstorms may occur during any part of the year. In a discussion of 356
reports of thunderstorms in California from July, 1895, to August, 1896, we found that there
were 3 dates in July on which storms occurred, 6 in August, 8 in September, 10 in October,
none in November, 3 in December, 5 in January, 2 in February, 3 in March, 9 in April. 15 in
May, 6 in June, 22 in July, and 17 in August.
Some of the storms covered very large areas and were quite generally reported, such, for
example, as October 14^15, 1895; May 29 and August 28-29, 1896. Examining certain marine
reports, it appears that on January 25, 1896, thunderstorms prevailed in the Pacific Ocean, and
it is not surprising to find that a dav or two later thunderstorms were reported in California.
These storms apparently moved inland from the. ocean. There is another class of storms,
however, apparently connected with the general low-pressure movements from the southwest.
A condition favorable for thunderstorms in the valley of the Colorado in July and August is
frequently followed within ten or twenty hours by thunderstorms along the Sierra.
The following table shows the distribution of thunderstorms in California during the year
of 1895-96:
DISTRIBUTION OP
1895.
1896.
Station.
County.
Eleva-
tion.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
20
Oct.
I
|
Jan.
Feb.
Mar. Apr. May. June.
Fed.
8,248
51
87
1.759
50
180
3 400
18-21
12
oo 23
Briggs
Yolo
Alameda
San Bernardino
DelNorte
14-15
14-15
15
8
23
Crescent City
14 21
15 ..
29
q .,,
29 ..
29
17 "ll
IS
Plumas
Santa Clara
Los Angeles . . .
Mendooino
Sacramento ...
4,750
150
800
74
182
17-18
1 14 _
1
6 ..
Follow's Camp
20 18-26
Fo)som City
Grass Valley
20
.'7 '-'4 C-21
29
a
9 24
3,600
350
26
17-28
13
15-20
14-15
J.
9
5,000
293
i ono
..-
--
18
19
19
....
....
17-29
17
24
Plumas
Stanislaus
25
Lagrange
Lick Observatory..
Lime Kiln...
14-15
IB-IS
6
Tulare... 600
29 25-2t!-27
251
252
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
DISTRIBUTION OF THUNDERSTORMS Continued.
1895.
1896.
Station.
County.
Eleva-
tion.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
I
u
&
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
Lodi
San Joaquin. . .
Feet.
32
29
27
26
Los Angeles
293
7
Santa Clara. . . .
600
28
McVullen
Fresno
229
15
18
26
g
Middletown
Lake
1,300
22 23
Milton
Calaveras
650
29
Mokelumne Hill ..
do
1,550
28-29
Santa Cruz
950
15
Napa
95
13-15-16
15
Placer
956
24
Niles
Alameda
87
26
15
\orth Bloomfleld
Nevada
3,000
18
Oleta
1 610
12-18-19-20
29
26
24
28
Sacramento .
300
29
27
Ontario
San Bernardino
1,750
9
Los Angeles . . .
875
26-27
Paso Robles
San Luis Obispo
880
6
Sonoma
200
26
6-29
Pichaco
San Diego
220
28
Pilot Creek
I'lumas
4,000
7 29
Placerville
Eldorado
1,820
15-16-17
29
29
26-27
16-21
Plumas
3,350
26
17 21
28-29
Reedlev
Fresno
347
|
Rio Vista
Solano
11
6
Roseville
Placer
162
16 24
8-9-18
Tehama
865
17 20
29
18-19
5-9-1 3_<3
1 6
Sacramento
Sacramento . ..
35
15
28
San Francisco
San Francisco .
155
15
26
16-24
29
San Jose
Santa Clara
95
14
/
29
San Miguel Island
Santa Barbara
500
19
San Leandro
Alameda
48
15
26
29
Santa Clara
Santa Clara
83
14
Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz
25
29
Shasta
Shasta
1 148
19
17 20
28
26-27
18-21 29
2 3- 9 3 28-9
Snedden's Ranch. .
Ventura
4,900
27
10
Summerdale
Mariposa
5,270
24
Snsanville
Lassen
4,195
17
8-29
Turlock
Stanislaus . .
106
Ukiah
Mendocino
620
17
fl
6-'>9
Upper Soda Lake..
Lake
1,300
28-29
Ventura
Ventura
50
27
Washington
Nevada
2,140
29
Wcstpoint
Calaveras
2, 326
29
Wire Bridge
Placer
565
>4
Yreka
Siskiyou
2,635
3
28-29
23-29-31
1 2 30
During the summer months in the great valleys and canyons of the eastern and southern
portions of the State thunderstorms frequently occur during the afternoon and evening hours.
John Muir, writing in the Atlantic Monthly for September, 1901, on the Big Trees, makes
the following statement: " Most of the Sierra trees die of disease. Thus the magnificent silver
firs are devoured by fungi, and comparatively few of them live to see their three hundredth birth
year. But nothing hurts the Big Tree. I never saw one that was sick or showed the slightest
sign of decay. It lives on through indefinite thousands of years, until burned, blown down,
undermined, or shattered by some tremendous lightning stroke. No ordinary bolt ever seriously
hurts Sequoia. In all my walks I have seen only one that was thus killed outright.
" Lightning, though rare in California lowlands, is common on the Sierra. Almost every day
in June and July small thunderstorms refresh the main forest belt. Clouds like snowy moun-
tains of marvelous beauty grow rapidly in the calm sky about midday and cast cooling shadows
THUNDERSTORMS. 253
and showers that seldom last more than an hour. Nevertheless, these brief, kind storms wound
or kill a good man}' trees. I have seen silver firs 200 feet high split into long peeled rails and
slivers down to the roots, leaving not even a stump, the rails radiating like the spokes of a wheel
from a hole in the ground where the tree stood. But the Sequoia, instead of being split and
slivered, usually has 40 or 50 feet of its brash, knotty top smashed off in short chunks about the
size of cord wood, the beautiful rosy -red ruins covering the ground in a circle 100 feet wide or
more.
'*! never saw &ny that had been cut down to the ground, or even to below the branches,
except one in the Stanislaus Grove, about 12 feet in diameter, the greater part of which was
smashed to fragments, leaving only a leafless stump about 75 feet high. It is a curious fact that
all the very old Sequoia nave lost their heads by lightning. 'All things come to him who waits,'
but of all living things Sequoia is perhaps the only one able to wait long enough to make sure of
being struck by lightning. Thousands of years it stands ready and waiting, offering its head to
every passing cloud as if inviting its fate, praying for heaven's fire as a blessing, and when at
last the old head is off another of the same shape immediately begins to grow on."
During the months of July and August, 1896, thunderstorms were unusually frequent.
During July storms occurred at Bodie on the 4th, 5th, 21st, 23d, and 25th; at Graf ton on the
4th; at Descanso on the 8th, 10th, 12th, 13th, and 24th; at Edmanton on the 5th, 15th, and 16th;
at Greenville on the 5th, 16th, 24th, and 25th; at Guinda on the 5th: at Laporte on the 5th and
15th; at Lodi on the 25th; McMullen on the 3d, 4th, 7th, 12th, 17th, and 24th; at Middletown,
29th; Paso Robles, 4th; Peachland, 10th; Pichaco, 9th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 18th, and 24th:
Pilot Creek, 5th, 15th, 16th, 25th, and 26th; Placerville, 25th; Quincy, 15th; Reedley, 4th, 5th,
22d, and 24th; Rio Vista, 10th; Rosewood, 5th, 15th, 25th, 27th, and 28th; Santa Cruz, 22d;
Shasta, 17th, 26th, 27th, and 28th; Turlock, 4th and 25th; Ukiah, 10th and 29th; Upper Silver
Lake, 10th, 27th, 28th, and 29th; Washington, 15th; West Point. 25th: Wire Bridge, Yreka,
25th, 26th, 27th, and 28th.
August, 1896. Bodie, 12th, 17th, 18th, 19th, and 22d; Crafton, 16th; Crescent City, 29th;
Durham, 30th; Descanso,*14th, 15th, and 27th; Edmanton, 22d, 28th, and 30th; Follows Camp, 16th;
Folsom. 22d and 30th; Grass Valley, 22d and 30th; Greenville, 22d, 23d. 24th, 28th, and 29th;
Iowa Hill, 29th; Laporte, 22d, 28th, and 29th; Los Gatos, 19th; McMullen, 20th and 29th; Mid-
dletown, 29th and 30th ; Newcastle, 18th and 22d: Niles.l9th; North Bloomfield.22d; Orangevale.
22d; Peachland, 19th and 20th; Pichaco, 14th, 19th, 26th, 27th, and 28th; Pilot Creek. 17th,
22d, and 29th; Placerville, 22d; Roseville, 21st; Rosewood, 19th, 20th, 23d, 28th, 29th, and 30th:
Sacramento, 22d; San Jose, 19th; Santa Clara, 20th; Santa Cruz, 18th; Shasta, 20th and 27th:
Susanville, 19th and 23d; Ukiah, 22d; Ventura. 17th: Wire Bridge. 22d; Yreka, 19th, 20th,
and 21st.
September, 1896. Edmanton (distant) on the 20th and 28th; at Grass Valley on the 28th; at
Iowa Hill on the 28th; at Los Gatos on the 21st; at Lime Kiln on the 5th: at Laporte on
the 2d, 3d, 6th, 20th, 22d, and 28th; at Upper Lake (Ma. Tel. Vineyard) on the 22d: at McMullen
on the 20th; at North San Juan on the 28th; at Pilot Creek on the 5th and 28th; at Rio Vista on
the 22d; at Reedley on the 5th: at Rosewood on the 22d; at San Jacinto on the 4th, 5th, and
29th; at Shasta on the 7th; at Snedden on the 5th: at Tulare on the 5th, 19th, and 22d: at Turlock
(distant) on the 5th; at Yreka on the 6th, and 22d; at Isabella on the 5th.
October, 1896. On the 20th, at Bodie; on the 25th, at Briggs Vineyard: on the 27th, at
Descanso; on the 16th, at Famosa: on the 25th, at Guinda: on the 27th. at Las Fuentes Rancho:
on the 25th, at Peachland; on the 16th, at Paso Robles: on the 27th. ;it Claremont: on the 16th,
at Reedley; on tne 25th, at Sacramento; on the 25th, at Ukiah; on the 25th. at Winter-.
During November and December there were few, if any. thunderstorms in California.
The following notes relative to the character of the storms may be of interest:
On January 26, 1896, the plant of the Haywoods Electric Light Company was struck by
lightning. The electrician. Mr. J. Putnam, is reported as .saying:
I was not more than 20 feet away from the dynamo when the crash came, and it seemed as if the lightning filled
the whole building. The flames shot out from the dynamo about 8 feet, and the wires, magnets, and mica were
thrown all over the place. I instantly ran to the switchboard and disconnected the wires, and there was no more
254 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
light that night. The accident was a very simple one, and one that will be guarded against in future. The
lightning was conducted to the machine by one of the wires, and of course the dynamo was instantly overcharged
and burnt. * * * There is one hole and no trace of the missing metal. The wires that surrounded the magnets
were so highly charged that they flew in all directions, and when the mica was free it fell around in showers. It
will take several days to fix the wrecked machine. If I had been oiling that dynamo when the lightning struck I
would have been charred to a cinder as rapidly as that piece of iron was burned.
At Folsom, on the 24th of April, lightning struck the lines of the Electric Light and Power
Company five times, and the machines went out of step at each stroke. The lightning arresters
were burned and discolored. On April 9, at Ontario, two strokes of lightning entered the electric
power house. Wires were burned and a coat belonging to one of the employees set on fire.
The first stroke, it is stated, came from overhead, while the second struck the wires miles away and came in
when the sky was clear overhead. Lightning conductors were under the floor, but had not been connected, as it
was thought there would be no use for them. After the first stroke they were connected. Notwithstanding, the
second stroke did more damage in the power house than the former, showing that it was much the heavier charge.
The Fresno Republican of October 17 reports that
A heavy thunderstorm in the hills caused a shutting down last evening of the entire electric plant of the San
Jqaquin Electric Company for twenty minutes. The lightning passing over the lightning arresters caused the points
to become welded together, forming a short circuit across the two lines. Occurring at a time when the city was in
darkness the delay in repairing was greater than it would have been during the day. No great damage was done to
the machinery.
In the city of San Francisco houses and barns have been struck and some damage done. A
large cypress tree on the southeast corner of Broderick and Green streets was riven from branch
to root. A very large branch was torn off and thrown some little distance. On August 19, 1896,
the signal-flag pole at Point Lobos was struck by lightning and badly damaged. The pole was
60 feet high, and the upper 20 feet were so torn that a new pole was necessary. Large splinters
of wood were thrown over 150 feet away. Lights were burned out at the terminus of the Sutro
Electric Railroad, and other damage done in the vicinity.
On November 7, 1900, four distinct flashes of lightning, accompanied by loud thunder, were
recorded at the Weather Bureau office at San Francisco. The first fla>sli was at 10.15 a. 111. and
the others at 10.27, 10.30, and 10.42 a. m. The average interval between the flash and the
thunder was about six seconds. On December 14, 1900, during a sharp thunderstorm a flash of
lightning struck the relief gasometer at Bay and Buchanan streets, containing 260,000 cubic feet
of gas. The tank was demolished and the gas ignited. The flame was carried by the gale a dis-
tance of 250 feet, and the roar could be heard above the noise of the storm. The officials of the
gas company estimated the loss at $6,000.
On Oct< Vr 3, 1901, at Houghton ranch, near Thomas Creek, about 12 miles west of Corn-
ing, Cal. , during a heavy thunderstorm Coutea Jobe, aged 20 yeai s, was struck b_y a flash of
lightning and killed.
The light-house on the Southeast Farallon Island was once struck and a small amount of
damage resulted.
January, 1898. At Hill Ranch on the 31st.
February, 1898. At Fort Bragg on the 20th, Grass Valley 7th, Iowa Hill 27th, Lodi 7th,
Rosewood 7th, 20th, and 27th, Sacramento 7th, Shasta 24th and 27th, Wire Bridge 7th and 27th.
March, 1898. At Folsom and Grass Valley on the 9th, Hill Ranch 25th, Iowa Hill 9th and
17th, Limekiln, Oleta, Placerville, and Pilot Creek 9th, Rosewood 16th, West Point 9th, Wire
Bridge 9th and 26th.
April, 1898. At Bowmans Dam 29th and 30th, Descanso 14th, Durham 30th, Edmanton
29th, Elsinore 14th, Fohcm oOth, Grass Valley 29th, Laporte 29th and 30th, North Hill
vineyard 6th, Oleta and Pilot Creek 30th, Quincy 29th, Shasta 27th, Susanville and West Point
30th, Yreka 20th and 22d.
May, 1898. At Bodie on the llth and 12th, Cedarville 5th, llth, and 13th, Grass Valley
19th, Rosewood 12th, 17th, and 18th, Shasta 17th and 18th, Susanville 14th, Yreka 5th, llth,
12th, and 13th.
June, 1898. At Bodie on the 6th, Bowmans Dam 7th and 8th, Cedarville 7th, llth, and 22d,
Edmanton 8th and 9th, Manzana 10th, Rosewood 1st, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and llth, Shasta 1st
and 8th, Ukiah th.
THUNDERSTORMS. 255
July, 1898. M Bodie on the 6th and 29th, Descanso 10th, Edmanton 8th, Los Angeles 4th,
San Jacinto 3d and 4th, West Saticoy 4th. Yreka 8th and 21st
August, 1898. At Bodie on the 6th, 12th, and 13th, Cedarville 8th and 13th. Crescent City
28th, Descanso 10th, loth, 20th, 21st. 22d, 24th, and 28th, Edmanton 28th, Elsinore 9th, 10th.
12th, and 20th, Fallbrook 9th, Greenville 6th and 7th, Laporte 6th, Oleta 7th, Quincy 29th,
Rosewood 6th, 13th, 14th, and 31st, San Jacinto 9th and 21st, Shasta 28th, Sierra Madre 9th.
Susanville 13th and 29th, Ukiah and Upper Lake 13th, Yreka 6th, 7th, 14th, 28th, and 31st.
September, 1898. At Anada on the 1st, Descanso 8th, Georgetown, Grand Island, Oleta,
and Pilot Creek 26th, Rosewood 1st, Susanville 30th, Turlock 26th, Yreka 1st.
October, 1898. At Crescent City on the 1st, Durham 3d, Grand Island 3d and 7th, Greenville
7th and 8th, Lodi 2d and 8th, Oakland and Peachland 7th, Rosewood 3d, Turlock 1st and 8th.
Wire Bridge 2d.
November, 1898. At Crescent City, Del Xorte County, on the 19th.
December, 1898. At Escondido on the 9th, Fallbrook 8th and 9th, Long Beach 14th.
Poway 9th.
January, 1899. At Fallbrook. Irvine, Paso Robles, Ranch House. Santa Barbara, and
West Saticoy on the llth, Oleta on the 20th.
February, 1899. At Berkeley on the 1st and Mills College on the 2d.
March, 1899. At Goldrun on the 12th, Grass Valley 13th, Iowa Hill 12th, Kennedy Gold
Mine 28th, Lodi 16th, Oleta 26th, Pilot Creek 12th and 28th. Rosewood and Shasta 24th and 28th,
Wire Bridge 13th and 18th, Yreka 28th.
April, 1899. At Grand Island on the 25th, Greenville 21st, Guadaloupe 26th, Laporte 21st,
Napa 24th, North Bloonitiold 27th. North San Juan 24th, 25th, and 30th. Oleta 23d, Pilot Creek
and Raymond 30th, Rosewood 1st and 24th, Thermalito 24th and 30th.
May, 1899. At Bodie on the 5th. Bowmans Dam 4th and 18th, Cisco 12th and 18th,
Cuyamaca 8th, Delta 5th, Floriston 18th, Folsom 14th, Goldrun 6th, Grand Island 5th and 24th,
Greenville 5th and 14th, Iowa Hill 18th and 24th, Lodi 6th, Moreno Dam 8th, North Bloomfield
5th and 14th, North San Juan 6th, Oleta 24th, Placerville 24th, Sacramento 14th, Tehama,
Thermalito. and Wheatland 5th. Yreka 24th.
June, 1899. At Folsom, Pilot Creek, and Wire Bridge on the 2d, Susanville on the 1st.
July, 1899. At Cedarville on the 14th. Cuyamaca and Volcano Springs 20th and 21st. Yreka
14th and 15th.
August, 1899. The central and northern portions of the State experienced unusual electrical
storms during the first patrt of the month, that of the 3d being the most severe in the month of
August for many years: it was accompanied by rain at some places and by heavy 1 ilstorms at
others, but no extensive damage was reported. In the San Joaquin Valley, where the storm was
most severe, telegraph and telephone lines were interfered with, fuses were burned out and a
few poles were struck by lightning, and at North Hill vineyard two horses were instantly killed.
During the storm of the 6th. in the vicinity of Chico six persons were stunned by lightning
while riding in a wagon and a j T oung colt was killed. On the 10th, at Susanville, Lassen County,
several sheep were killed by lightning. The following stations report thunderstorms on the 3d:
Auburn, Bodie. also on the 1st, 2d, 4th and 7th: Elkgrove. Folsom, also on the 4th; Goldrun,
Grand Island. Guinda, Iowa Hill, also 2d, 4th. 5th, 6th; Lagrange, Lankershim, Lathrop, Lick
Observatory. Lodi. Merced. Milton. Minturn. Napa. North Bloomtield, North Hill vineyard,
North San Juan, also 4th and 6th: Palermo, also 5th and 6th; Pilot Creek, also 4th. 5th, 6th;
Raymond, Riovista. Sacramento. Shasta, also 16th; Stockton, Upper Lake. Vacaville, Wheat-
land. Wire Bridge. Woodland. Other thunderstorms were reported as follows: At Boulder
Creek on the 4th and 5th, Chico 6th, Covelo 20th, Edmanton 17th, Fort Ross and Grass Valley
4th. Greenville 4th and 6th, Healdsburg 2d, Kono Tayee 1st. Laporte 4th, 6th. 17th. Los Angeles
9th. Oleta 6th, 7th. Orange 9th, Quincy 6th. Rosewood 6th. 7th. Santa Ana 9th. Susanville 4th.
5th. 6th, 10th, 17th, Yreka 13th. 19th.
September, 1899. At Arcadia. Buena Park. Compton. Downey. Irvine. North Ontario, Palm
Springs. Ranch House, and Sierra Madre on the 9th. There were also thunderstorms in the
mountains near Bakersfield, Downey, Huron, and Tejon Rancho on the llth.
256 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
October, 1809. At Arcadia on the 7th, Crescent City 19th, Cuyamaca and Lamesa 6th, Lodi
llth and 12th, North Bloomfield 12th, North Hill vineyard llth, North Ontario 6th, Oleta llth
and 12th, Pilot Creek llth, 12th, and 20th, Ranch House 6th, Reedley 13th, Represa llth, Rose-
wood 12th, 21st, and 22d, Shasta 19th and 22d, Stockton 1st, Summit 10th and llth, Wire Bridge
llth and 12th.
November, 1899. At Crescent City on the 21st, Fall Brook 17th, Lamesa 14th, Oleta 12th
and 15th, Placerville 15th, Rosewood 10th.
December, 1899. At Berkeley and Fort Ross on the 8th and Crescent City on the 14th, 30th,
and 31st.
January, 1900.. At Crescent City on the 7th.
February, 1900. At Porterville, Rosewood, Santa Maria, and Yreka on the 18th.
March, 1900. At Bellevue on the 3d, Claremont and Follows Camp 20th, Crescent City 26th,
Delta 2d, Edmanton 22d and 25th, Folsom, Grass Valley, Greenville, Laporte, Mokelumne Hill,
North Hill vineyard, Oleta, Porterville, Westpoint, and Wire Bridge 22d, Lagrange, Raymond,
Redding, Represa, Rosewood, Thermalito, and Wheatland 4th, Moreno Dam 14th, North San Juan
7th, Pilot Creek 21st, Susanville 30th.
April, 1900. At Bellevue, Bodie, Shasta, Susanville, and Yreka 30th, Bowmans Dam 15th,
Branscomb, Durham, Edmanton, Grass Valley, Iowa Hill, Johnsville, Lagrange, Lankershim,
Laporte, Le Grand, Lodi, Merced, Nevada City, Palermo, Redding, Rosewood, Vina, Visalia,
and Wire Bridge 2d, Elsinore 28th, Greenville 25th, 28th, and 30th, Irvine 3d and 27th, Moreno
Dam 27th, Oleta 23d, Pilot Creek 2d and 28th, Raymond 3d.
May, 1900. At Bellevue on the 31st, Crescent City, Edmanton, Greenville, Laporte, and
Pilot Creek 2d, Folsom, Irvine, Represa, Sacramento, Shasta, Tracy, and Wire Bridge 4th,
Rosewood 9th and 10th, Susanville 3d.
June, 1900. At Antioch, Brentwood, Campbell, Danville, Jackson, Laporte, Lick Observa-
tory, Lodi, Los Gatos, Milton, Mokelumne Hill, North Hill vineyard, Oleta, Riovista, San
Luis Obispo, San Ramon, and Wire Bridge on the 13th, Auburn, Georgetown, and Iowa Hill on
the 12th, Cedarville lltb, Cottonwood, Red Bluff, and Shasta 15th, Edmanton 9th, Greenville 9th
and 15th, Paso Robles 8th, Pilot Creek 12th to 15th, Rosewood 8th, 13th, and loth, Susanville 8th
and 9th, Tejon Rancho 8th, Yreka 2d, llth, 15th, 17th, and 22d.
July, 1900. At Bodie on the 31st, Bowmans Dam 21st, Cedarville 20th, 21st, and 29th,
Elsinore 20th, Greenville 2d, 21st, and 22d, Laporte and North San Juan 21st, Palm Springs
20th and 31st, Pilot Creek 21st, 22d, and 23d, Rosewood 1st, Summit 20th and 24th, Susanville
2d, 20th, 21st, and 29th, Yreka 20th and 29th.
August, 1900. At Bellevue on the 7th, 14th, 18th, 20th, 22d, and 28th, Bodie 1st, Cedarville
10th, 14th, and 20th, Edmanton 30th, Elsinore and Fall Brook 1st, La Porte 29th, Mammoth
Tank 1st, Manzana 31st, Moreno Dam 1st, Oleta 30th, Placerville 30th, Redding 20th, Rosewood
7th and 28th, Shasta 24th, Susanville 19th, Yreka 14th and 21st.
September, 1900. At Branscomb on the 7th, llth, and 13th, Cedarville 7th and 10th, Cuya-
maca 2d, Folsom and Grand Island 12th, Greenville 3d, 10th, llth, and 12th, Jackson 12th, Lodi
13th, North Bloomfield llth, 12th, and 13th, North Hill Vineyard 12th, Pilot Creek and Placer-
ville 13th, Redding 4th, 5th, 12th, and 13th, Rosewood 4th, 7th, llth, and 12th, Sacramento 12th,
Santa Barbara 1st, Shasta 4th, Summit 12th, Susanville 3d, Tejon Ranch 1st and 2d, Visalia 2d and
3d, West Point 3d and 12th, Wire Bridge 12th, Yreka 7th, 10th, and 12th.
October, 1900. At Branscomb on the 3d, Crescent City 18th and 23d, Grand Island 28th,
Iowa Hill 2d, Keeler, La Porte, and Moreno Dam llth, Pilot Creek 2d, llth, and 28th, Redding
llth, Summit 4th, Wheatland 18th, West Point 2d.
November, 1900. At Berkeley on the 7th and 16th, Branscomb 20th, Claremont and Cuyamaca
17th, Grand Island, Grass Valley, and Los Gatos 7th, Los Angeles 16th, Mills College 7th and
16th, Niles 7th, North Ontario 17th, Oakland and San Francisco 7th and 16th, Oleta 19th, Rio
Vista 21st, Rosewood 7th, Sacramento 21st, San Bernardino and Soledad 17th.
THUNDERSTORMS. 257
December, 1900. The following stations reported severe storms, accompanied by thunder,
lightning, high wind, and rain, on the 14th: Berkeley, Campbell, Fort Ross, Grand Island, Jack-
son, Lick Observatory, Merced, Mills College, Modesto, Oakland, Oleta, Peachland, Pilot Creek,
Rio Vista, San Francisco, San Leandro, Sonoma, Suisun, Vacaville, West Point, and Wire Bridge;
also at Crescent City and Tequisquita Rancho on the 16th, and Le Grand on the 17th.
LOCAL STORMS.
With nearly even* general disturbance there are reports of individual disturbances with
more or less damage in limited areas. As a rule the State of California is exempt from marked
tornadic disturbances. Severe local storms, however, sometimes occur, but, as stated above,
these are chiefly straight-line wind storms. The following illustration, however, seems to show
more of the violent gyratory action of the whirlwind than of an ordinary storm, and is therefore
given.
STORM OF DECEMBER 14, 1900.
By J. C. STAN-TON, voluntary observer.
The storm of December 14 in the vicinity of Rio Vista somewhat resembled a tornado, accompanied by thunder
and lightning. The first manifestation seema to have been at Lodi, about 10 miles to the southeast, where consider-
able damage was done. It then took somewhat of a southwesterly course to Collinsville, where a hay barn was
taken up bodily, carried several hundred feet, dropped, and entirely demolished. The building must have been
raised perpendicularly, as a large quantity of baled hay which it contained remained intact and unmolested. From
this point the storm took a northeasterly course, arriving at Rio Vista about 10.45 a. m., sweeping through the
northwest part of the town, unroofing a carpenter shop, blowing down a high board fence, and overturning two
windmills at St. Gertrude's Academy. These were strongly constructed, with iron towers, and from their appear-
ance seem to have been twisted off and so badly damaged as to be entirely worthless. About 300 yards from this
point the storm demolished another iron windmill, and picked up a heavy handcart, carrying it 600 feet, dropping
and breaking it to pieces. By this time the wind was blowing from the west. Half a mile farther on another barn
was demolished by being carried a short distance and dropped. From this point the storm traveled easterly, and at
a distance of less than a mile unroofed a large warehouse on the bank of the Sacramento River. It then crossed the
river in a southeasterly direction, doing some damage. During the storm, which lasted but a few minutes, the wind
blew from all points of the compass, commencing from the southeast and returning to the same.
SAXD STORMS.
Sand storms and dust storms occur quite frequently in man}- portions of the State. Partic-
ularly on the southeastern slope of the Sierra and in some of the valleys of southern California
do these storms occur. The presence of an area of high pressure over Nevada and Utah, causing
strong northerly winds, is probably the prime factor in the formation of these dust storms. As
might be expected, the air is highly electrified at such times. Like the "northers" of the great
valleys these dust-laden winds are very trying upon people and injurious to stock and crops.
Many illustrations could be given, but the following will probably suffice:
SAND STORM IN SAX LCIS OBISPO COrXTY.
The following report of a remarkable sand storm near Creston, San Luis Obispo County, is furnished by John
G. W. and Wilhelmina A. Schulte. The severity of this storm was also noted by many other observers in their
monthly reports for June:
"On June 30, 1898, there was an unusually heavy sand storm from 10 a. m. to 8 p. m. The early morning had
the appearance of light fog, although no moisture was felt, and it was soon realized that a sand storm was approach-
ing. The clouds of fine dust became so dense that large oak trees 50 yards away could be but indistinctly seen.
The air was very still ami sultry. The little sunlight visible at times through the dust was white in appearance and
much resembled moonlight. In a little while all things had a gray or yellowish coating. Animals seemed affected
and were quiet. Not a sound was to be heard; not even the chirping of birds. There was an unpleasant odor with
the dust, which resembled buhach.
"This was said to be the severest storm known in the middle section of San Luis Obispo County. It appeared
at Paso Robles, in the northern part of the county, about 8 a. m., but was not felt at Creston, 16 miles southeast,
until 9.30 a. m. In Creston there was a slight northerly breeze. Maximum temperature, 91; minimum, 46;
temperature at noon, 86."
1176 Bull. L-03 17
EARTHQUAKES.
It may be open to question whether the subject of earthquakes should properly be included
in a memoir upon climatology. The subject belongs rather to geology. In the absence,
however, of any systematic record of seismic phenomena in the State of California, a brief record
of the quakes has been kept by the Weather Bureau. There is a well-defined belief among the
older residents of California that earthquakes are preceded by a spell of sultry weather, and this
is even known by the name of ''earthquake weather." There is, however, no known relation
between earthquakes and the weather. As shown by the following table, some of the most
severe earthquakes have occurred when the conditions of weather were in nowise those which are
said to be characteristic. The true causes of earthquakes must be sought elsewhere than in
meteorological conditions.
January, 1897. At Niles on the 29th, San Leandro 17th and 23d.
February, 1897. At Descanso on the 16th and 25th.
May, 1897. At Crescent City on the loth. 23d, and 29th. Edmanton loth.
June, 1897. On the 2nth at Campbell, Centerville, Hollister. North Hill Vineyard, Rio
Vista. Sacramento. San Francisco, San Jose, San Leandro, Santa Cruz, and Stockton.
July, 1897. At Castle Pinckney on the 18th.
August, 1897. At Ukiah on the 19th.
Sept.1,,1,,-. 1897. At Descanso on the 6th and 22d, Hollister 2d.
October, 1897. At Campl>ell on the 2d and 17th, Descanso 27th. Niles 2d. San Francisco
and San Jose 17th.
Xoi-,-,,,1,, /-. 1897. At Descanso on the 12th and 22d, Escondido and Fall Brook 22d.
Dtc,-ili: 1897. At Niles on the 26th.
1898. The only severe shock experienced was on the 30th of March, when considerable
damage resulted at San Francisco, Vallejo, and other points in the central and northern portions:
and at Centerville. Alameda County, it was reported the most severe since October 21. 1868.
J<in miry. 1898. At Peachland. Sonoma County, at 5.15 a. m. on the 1st.
Ftlrmiry. 1898. At Bishop. Invo County, a light shock on the 6th. and live distinct shocks
between 3.30 and 5.30 a. m. on the 15th.
M'.in.-h. 1898. At Descanso on the 3d. Upper Lake 17th: and the following stations reported
unusually severe shocks on the 30th. at about 11.42 p. m. : Agnews. Berkeley. Campbell, Fort
Ross. Georgetown. Hollister. Iowa Hill. Lytton Springs. Napa. Niles. North San Juan. Oakland.
Oleta. Peachland. Rio Vista. Siu-ramento. San Francisco, San Leandro. Santa Cruz. Stockton.
Upper Lake. Vacaville. Vallejo. and West Point.
Aj>r!l. 1898. At Claremont on the 30th. Descanso 21st: Fort Bragg. Mills College, Oak-
land. Peachland 14th. Pomona 3<>th. Upper Lake 14th and loth.
JA'.y. 1898. At Cedarville on the 17th and 19th. Hollister 28th. There were frequent shocks
during the month at Fort Bragg.
Jim.-. 189*. At Descanso on the 23d and 24th, Ukiah 8th, 9th, and llth. Upper Lake 9th.
259
260 CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.
August, 1898. At Oakland on the 7th, San Leandro 28th and 31st.
October, 1898. At Bishop on the 13th, Descanso 30th, San Bernardino 23d, [Tkiah, 15th.
November, 1898. At Centerville on the 14th, Sunimerdale 5th.
December, 1898. At Centerville and San Leandro on the 7th.
January, 1899. Light shocks occurred at Napa and Sonoma on the 13th, ant. v a.t S Bernar-
dino on the 24th.
March, 1899. Light shock at Ukiah on the 7th.
April, 1899. Light shocks at Oakland on the 5th and 30th, Cuyamaca 14th, ^yd ville 16th
and 18th. On the 30th quite heavy shocks were reported at Alvarado, Campbell, Capitola,
Coyote, Gilroy, Glenwood, Hollister, Los Gatos, Niles (Centerville), Pacific Grove, San Francisco,
San Leandro, Santa Cruz, Soledad, Stanford University, and Stockton. ^
M/iy, 1899. There was a light shock at Bishop on the 13th. ^
June, 1899. On the 1st, at 11.20 p. m., severe shocks occurred at San '"isco, Niles,
Oakland, Stanford University, Capitola, Mills College, Napa, and Livermore. T shocks
were also reported, as follows: On the 1st at Campbell,. Moreno Dam, Peachhu )aklai.d;
5th, Bradle}'; llth, Keeler, Porterville, and Milo; 13th, San Francisco, San Jo 'M-keley;
25th San Miguel.
July, 1899. At 12.10 p. m. on the 6th light shocks occurred at Berkelc; Creek,
Campbell, Capitola, Coyote, Elmwood, Gilroy, Glenwood, Gonzales, HOJ, ^athrop,
Le Grand, Los Gatos, Merced, Milbrae, Modesto, Mount Eden, Napa, Niles. d, Pacific
Grove, Salinas, San Francisco, San Jose, Santa Cruz, and Stockton. Sevena severe shocks
occurred in the southern portion of the State on the 21st and 22d, followed \>\ li " u>s on the
23d, 28th, and 29th; reports were received from Anaheim, Arcadia, Colton, i r , El Cajon,
Elsinore, Escondido, Fall Brook, Florence, Los Angeles, North Ontario, Pas dera, Pomona,
Redlands, Riverside, San Bernardino. San Diego, San Dimas, San Pedro, Sar.ra Ana, Spadra,
and Ventura.
August, 1899. The following stations reported light shocks on the 4th and 5th: Ben
Lomond, Boulder Creek, Campbell, Capitola, Glenwood, Lathrop, Los Gatos, Napa, Niles, Oak-
land, San Francisco, San Jose, Santa Cruz, and Tequisquita. There was also a slight shock at
San Diego on the 21st.
September, 1899. There was a severe shock at San Miguel on the 16th; two light shocks at
Needles on the 20th.
October, 1899. Light shocks occurred at Cuyamaca, Peachland, and Santa Rosa on the 12th;
Moreno Dam, llth and 28th.
November, 1899. There was a light shock at Napa on the 16th.
December, 1899. On the 25th sharp shocks were experienced throughout southern Califor-
nia; many observers reported the shocks the most severe ever known. Lisrhter shocks were
also experienced frequently from the 25th to the 31st. Reports were reccu /rom the follow-
ing stations: Arcadia, Banning, Claremont, Crafton, Cuyamaca, Duarte, Ei Cajon, Elsinore,
Escondido, Fall Brook, Follows Camp, Girard, Hemet, Indio, La Mesa, Long Beach, Los
Angeles, Monte, Moreno Dam, Needles, North Ontario, Norwalk, Ontario, Palm Springs,
Pomona, Ravenna, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Dimas, San Jacinto. Sierra
Madre, Tehachapi, Tustin, and Whittier. Lighter shocks were reported at Ciiico on the 12th,
13th, 19th, 20th, and at Napa on the 25th.
. January, 1900. At Campbell, Niles, and San Leandro on the 14th, Los Gatos 6th, Moreno
Dam 28th, Napa 5th, Palm Springs, ' frequently during the first part of the month," Peachland
31st, San Jacinto 1st, 2d, 4th, 9th, 13th, 15th, and 27th.
February, 1900. At Claremont on the 2d, Cuyamaca 13th, Petaluma 9th, San Jacinto 7th
and 9th.
March, 1900. At Claremont on the 2lst, Napa, Vacaville, and Vallejo 26th, Peachland 20th,
San Jacinto -18th.
EARTHQUAKES. 261
Jyv.v. //><"/. At Cuyamaca on th.> i'3d. Fall Brook 9th. Napa Itith, San Jacinto 15th and
If.th.
M<iy. 19<A v At Mount Eden on the 20th and San Jacinto on the 10th.
-At Cuyamaca on the 19th and I'oth. Keeler 26th, San Ardo 9th.
July, 19( -At Branscomb on the 12th and 13th, San Diego ltd. San Jose 28th.
A " ff *> 1900 -^ Elsinore on the 18th, Ferndale 16th; Mills College, Nil.-s. and Oakland
31st. San' !ac! o 19th, San Jose. Stanford University and Tequisquita Rancho 31st.
*,j>i, ,,J>er, '1900. At Oakland on the 19th and Tequisquita Rancho on the 28th.
October, 1900. There was a light shock at Tequisquita Rancho on the 24th.
November 'W. Light shocks occurred at Branscomb on the 8th, Cuyamaca 5th and 19th,
Fallbrook 14, Moreno Dam 19th. Napa 25th, Oakland 24th, Penn Grove 13th.
00. There was a light shock at San Jose on the 30th.
r..
I NDEX.
Page.
CLIMATOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA 7
Controlling factors ^ 7
Pressure distribution 7
Monthly precipitation at San Francisco (inches and hundredth^) 9
Movement of areas of high pressure 12
Movement of areas of low pressure 12
Storms of the West Pacific Ocean 12
Typhoons of the Pacific Ocean 13
Low areas on the Pacific coast 14
Track of Pacific storm of November 20, 1895 14
Prevailing air drift and ocean effect '.. 15
Topography 16
Table of elevations exceeding 1,000 meters (3,281 feet) in California 17
CLIMATE OF NORTH AND CENTRAL COAST 25
Climatology of Eureka, and weather conditions along the coast of northern California
Mean monthly and annual temperatures 25
Summary of monthly mean temperature 26
Weather 26
Rainfall at Eureka, from January 1, 1887, to December 31, 1898 (inchesand hundredths) 26
Dates of first and last light and killing frosts, with lowest temperature at Eureka 28
Monthly precipitation, greatest and least and dates 28
A verage hourly wind velocity at Eureka 28
Highest wind velocity, direction and date for each month at Eureka, from January 1, 1888 29
Average humidity (percent) at Eureka 29
Number of foggy days and thunderstorms in fourteen years at Eureka 29
Total number of days on which precipitation has fallen at Eureka since January 1 , 1887 29
Greatest precipitation in twenty-four hours for each month at Eureka 29
Annual meteorological summary of Eureka for the years 1899, 1900 30
Sunshine at Eureka during the years 1898, 1899, and 1900 32
Climate of San Francisco 33
Seasonal rainfall 35
Monthly mean temperatures 35
Me mthly mean temperatures summary 36
Weather 36
Average temperature for each hour, seventy-fifth meridian time 36
Average pressure (inches and thousandths) for each hour of seventy-fifth meridian time 37
Sunshine for the years 1898, 1899, and 1900 38
Annual meteorological summary for the years 1899, 1900 39
Some maximum ami minimum temperatures 41
Notes from the record of G. H. Gibbons, M. D., 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850 42
Total number of days on which precipitation has fallen from March 1, 1871, to March 1, 1901 43
Number of high winds. September, 1881, to December 31, 1900 43
Highest wind velocity, direction and date for each month to December 31, 1900 43
Average velocity of afternoon winds 43
Greatest precipitation in twenty-four hours for each month 44
Greatest monthly precipitation and date 44
Least monthly precipitation and date 45
Number of times monthly precipitation has exceeded the normal for fifty years 45
Average hourly wind velocity (miles per hour) 45
Monthly relative humidity (per cent) 46
Dates of snowfall in San Francisco since March 1, 1871 46
The great, rainstorm of 1866 46
Rainfall as measured by John Pettee January 1, 1865, to March 19, 1902 48
263
264 INDEX.
Page.
CLIMATE OP SOUTHERN COAST 59
San Luis Obispo
Rainfall (inches and hundredths) for the past twenty-eight years 59
Precipitation in inches and hundredths 60
Wind velocity and direction 60
Snowfall. The only snowfall at the station, one-half inch, occurred March 3, 1896 60
Mean monthly and annual temperature
Maximum and minimum temperatures 61
Weather 61
Annual Meteorological Summary for the year.* 1899 and 1900 62
Santa Barbara 64
Climate 65
Precipitation (inches and hundredths)
Climate of Santa Barbara Foothills, Pine Crest Station . 67
Los Angeles - 68
Mean monthly and annual temperature 69
Maximum temperature
Minimum temperature 70
Mean daily range in temperature 70
Greatest and least daily range in temperature 71
Number of days temperature was above 90 F 71
Number of days temperature was below 32 F 72
Mean relative humidity 72
Highest and lowest mean relative humidity (per cent) 73
Total number of hours of actual sunshine 73
Total number of hours of possible sunshine 73
Percentage of sunshine - _ 73
Number of clear, partly cloudy, and cloudy days 74
Number of days with frost 75
Number of days with thunderstorms 75
Numbei of days with 0.01 inch or more rainfall 76
Monthly precipitation (inches and hundredths) , 76
Total precipitation by seasons. 77
Greatest precipitation (inches and hundredth^) in twenty-four hours 77
Prevailing wind direction 78
Highest velocity of wind (miles per hour) and direction 78
Average daily wind movement (miles per hour) 79
Average hourly wind velocity (miles per hour) 79
Monthly seasonal and annual summaries 80
San Diego 81
Mean monthly and annual temperature 82
Maximum and minimum temperature 83
Mean monthly relative humidity (per cent) 85
Number of high winds in twenty-eight years 85
Summary of monthly means and extremes of temperature 85
Weather 85
Monthly, seasonal, and annual precipitation 86
Monthly extremes of precipitation 87
Greatest precipitation (in inches and hundredths) in twenty-four hours 87
Total number of days with precipitation since November 1 , 1871 87
Dates when precipitation equaled or exceeded 2.50 inches in any consecutive twenty-four hours 88
No snow reported to have fallen at San Diego since beginning of record in 1850 88
Highest wind velocity, direction, and date for each month during the past twenty -seven years 88
Average hourly wind velocity (miles per hour) 88
Number of days with one hour or more of fogs and number of thunderstorms in eleven years 89
Average pressure (in inches and thousandths) for each hour of seventy-fifth meridian time 89
Average temperature each hour seventy-fifth meridian time 90
Sunshine for the years 1898, 1899, and 1900 90
F.xcessive precipitation 91
CLIMATOLOGY OF THE GREAT VALLEY 93
Red Bluff 93
Monthly and annual mean temperature 93
Summary of monthly means and extremes of temperature 94
INDEX. 265
CLIMATOLOGY OF THE GREAT VALLEY Continued.
Red Bluff Continued. P,^
Precipitation exceeding 2.50 inches in any consecutive twenty-four hours 94
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredth*- ) 94
Greatest amount of precipitation (inches and hundredth?) in twenty-four hours 95
Weather * 95
Number of days with thunderstorms 95
Dates of first and last killing f rosts from 1882 to 1899, inclusive 96
Annual meteorological summary for the years 1899, 1900 96
Sacramento 97
Mean monthly and annual temperatures ; 98
Maximum and minimum temperatures 99
Summaries of monthly means and extremes of temperatures 99
Weather 100
Dates of first and last light and killing frosts, with lowest temperature and snowfall, and dates-of
blooming fruit trees from 1869 to 1901 100
Monthly, annual, and seasonal precipitation (inches and hundredths) 101
Greatest precipitation (inches and hundredths) in twenty-four'. hours 103
Dates when precipitation equaled or exceeded 2.50 inches in any consecutive twenty-four hours 103
Monthly extremes of precipitation 103
Average hourly wind velocity ( miles- per hour) 104
Number of days with precipitation from July 1, 1877, to December 31, 1900 104
Number of clear, partly cloudy, cloudy, rainy, and foggy days, and total number of thunderstorms and
auroras from July 1, 1877, to December 31, 1900 104
Number of high wind? from July 1, 1877, to December 31, 1900 105
Highest wind velocity, direction, and date from July 1, 1877, to April 30, 1901 105
Greatest precipitation in the shortest periods of time from July, 1877, to April, 1901 105
Fresno
Mean monthly and annual temperature 106
Summaries of monthly means and extremes of temperature 106
Dati-s of frost 107
Monthly, annual, and seasonal precipitation (inches and hundredths) 107
Greatest precipitation t inches and hundredths) hi twenty-four hours. .: 107
Monthly extremes of precipitation (inches and hundredths) 108
Weather 108
Foggy days and days with thunderstorms in twelve years 108
Highest wind velocity (miles per hour) and direction for twelve years 108
Average monthly relative humidity for twelve years 109
Sunshine for the years 1898, 1899, and 1900 110
CLIMATE OF SANTA CLABA VALLEY Ill
Mean monthly and annual temperature Ill
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 112
Menlo Park 112
Monthly and annual mean temperature 113
Monthly and annual precipitation 113
Maximum teni|>eratures 114
Minimum temperatures 114
San Mateo 115
Monthly ami annual mean temperature 115
Maximum temperatures 116
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 116
Minimum temperatures 117
San Jose 117
Maximum temperatures 118
Minimum teni|>eratures 118
Monthly and annual mean temperature 119
Monthly and annual precipitation 119
Mount Hamilton i Lick Observatory) 120
Maximum temperatures 120
Minimum temperatures 121
M< mthly and annual mean temj>erature 121
Mi >nthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 121
Mean relative humidity 122
Total monthly wind movement ( miles) ^ 122
266 INDEX.
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY:
AptOS Page.
Monthly and annual mean temperature . 123
Monthly and annual precipitation ( inches and himdredths ) 124
Auburn 124
Maximum temperatures 125
Minimum temperatures 125
Monthly and annual mean temperatures 126
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 126
Berkeley
Atmospheric pressure 127
Temperature 127
Precipitation 128
Relative humidity 128
Weather in general 128
Boca 128
Monthly and annual mean temperature 129
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and himdredths) 129
Chico
Maximum temperature 130
Minimum temperature 131
Monthly and annual mean temperature 131
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 132
Coronado 132
Average and extreme data for a period of thirteen years 133
Gilroy 133
Monthly and annual mean temperature 134
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 134
Hollister 134
Monthly and annual mean temperature 135
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 136
Independence
Monthly mean temperature 136
Summary of monthly means and extremes of temperature 137
Weather 137
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 137
Greatest monthly precipitation (inches and hundredths) 138
Least monthly precipitation and data (inches and hundredths) 138
Number of times monthly precipitation has exceeded the normal for four years .- 138
Total number of days with precipitation since December 1, 1894 138
Foggy days and thunderstorms 138
Number of high winds 138
Highest wind velocity, direction, and date for each month (miles per hour) 139
Average velocity of afternoon winds 139
Average hourly velocity 139
Mean monthly relative humidity (per cent) 139
Average snowfall since December 1, 1894 140
Annual meteorological summary for the years 1899 and 1900 141
Livennore
Monthly and annual mean temperature 142
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 143
Mammoth Tank 143
Maximum temperature 144
Minimum temperature 144
Monthly and annual mean temperature 145
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hunnredths) 145
Oakland 145
Monthly and annual mean temperature 14ti
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 146
Redlands 147
Monthly and annual mean temperature 147
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 147
INDEX. 267
LOCAL CLIMATOLOGY Continued. Pge.
Riverside 1-1"
Monthly and annual mean temperature 148
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 148
Salinas '- 148
Mean, monthly, and annual temperature 149
Maximum temperature 150
Minimum temperature 150
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 151
Salton
Monthly and annual mean temperature 151
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 152
San Bernardino
Mean, monthly, and annual temperature 152
Highest and lowest temperature 152
Relative humidity 153
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredthg) 153
Clear, fair, cloudy, rainy days; winds 154
Santa Cruz 154
Monthly and annual mean temperature 155
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 155
Stockton 156
Mean temperature, 1871 to 1900 156
Monthly and annual precipitation, 1850-1900 (inches and hundredths) 157
Truckee
Monthly and annual mean temperature 158
Monthly and annual precipitation (inches and hundredths) 159
Yisalia
Temperature 159
Weather 160
Greatest precipitation in twenty-four hours for each month (inches and hundredths) 160
Mean monthly and annual temperature - 160
Summary of means and extremes of temperature 161
Mi mthly , annual, and seasonal precipitation (inches and hundredths) 161
Extremes of precipitation 161
Total number of days with precipitation 162
Normal monthly and annual temperature - 162
Minimum winter temperature of the high Sierra 164
Places for which precipitation data are given :
Anaheim, Orange County - 167
Antioch, Contra Costa County 167
Aptos, Santa Cruz County 124
Auburn. Placer G >unty 126
Bakersfield, Kern County 168
Berkeley, Alameda County 128, 168
Bishop, Inyo County 168
Boca, Nevada County 129
Byron, Contra Costa County 169
Caliente, Kern County 169
Calistoga, Napa County 170
Chico. Butte County 132
Colfax, Placer County 170
Colton. San Bernardino County 171
Corning, Tehama County 171
Coronado, San Diego County 113
Davisville, Yolo County 172
Delano, Kern G mnty 1 72
Delta, Shasta County 1"3
Dunnigan, Yolo County 173
Dunsuiuir, Siskiyou County 174
Eldorado, Eldorado County - 1 < 4
Eluiira. Solano County 1 < 4
268 INDEX.
Places (or which precipitations are given Continued. Page.
Eureka, Hum bold t County 26, 2
Fallbrook, San Diego County 175
Farmington, San Joaquin County
Fernando, Los Angeles County
Folsom, Sacramento County 176
Fort Ross, Sonoma County 177
Fresno, Fresno County 107, 108, 109
Fruto, Glenn County
Gait, Sacramento County 178
Georgetown, Eldorado County 178
Gilroy, Santa Clara County
Hollister, San Benito County 136
Independence, Inyo County - 137, 138
Indio, Riverside County 179
lone, Amador County 179.
Iowa Hill, Placer County 180
Irvine, Orange County 180
Keeler, Inyo County 181
Kennedy Gold Mine, Amador County 181
King City, Monterey County 181
Knights Landing, Sutler County 182
Kono Tayse, Lake County . '. 182
La Grange, Stanislaus County 183
La Porte, Plumas County 183
Livermore, Alameda County 1-43
Lodi, San Joaquin County 184
Los Angeles, Los Angeles County 76, 77
Los Banos, Merced County 184
Mammoth Tank 145
Manzana, Los Angeles County 185
Marysville, Yuba County 185
Mendota, Fresno County 185
Menlo Park, San Mateo County 113
Merced, Merced County 186
Modesto, Stanislaus County 186
Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras County 187
Mojave, Kern County 187
Monterey, Monterey County 188
Mount Hamilton (Lick Observatory), Santa Clara County 121
Napa, Napa County 189
Needles, San Bernardino County 189
Nevada City, Nevada County 190
Newcastle, Placer County . 190
Newhall, Los Angeles County 191
Newman, Stanislaus County 191
Niles (near), Alameda County 192
North Bloomfleld, Nevada County 192
North Hill Vineyard, Calaveras County 192
North Ontario, San Bernardino County 193
North San Juan, Nevada County 193
Oakdale, Stanislaus County ; ' 193
Oakland, Alameda County 1 46
Ogilby, San Diego County 193
Oleta, Amador County 194
Orland, Glenn County 194
Oroville, Butte County 194
Palermo, Butte County 195
Palm Springs, Riverside County , 195
Pasadena, Los Angeles County 195
Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo County 195
Peachland, Sonoma County 196
Placervi lie, Eldorado County 196
INDEX. 269
Places for which precipitations are given Continued. Page.
Point Lobos 196
Point Reyes Lisiht , Marin County 196
Pomona ( near) , Los Angeles County 197
Porterville, Tulare County 197
Poway, San Diego County 197
Quincy , Pluinas County 197
Red Bluff, Tehama County 94, 95
Redding, Shasta County 198
Redlands, San Bernardino County 147
Repressa, Sacramento County 198
Rio Vista, Solano County 198
Riverside, Riverside County 148
Rosewood, Tehama County 199
Sacramento, Sacramento County 101, 103, 104, 105
Salinas, Monterey County 151
Salton, Riverside County 152
San Ardo, Monterey County 199
San Bernardino, San Bernardino County 153
San Francisco, San Francisco County 43, 44, 45, 46, 48
Sanger Junction,' Fresno County 199
San Jose, Santa Clara County 119
San Leandro, Alameda County 199
Sat. Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County 59, 60
San Mateo, San Mateo County 1 16
San Miguel, San Luis Obispo County 200
San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara County 200
Santa Ana, Orange County 200
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County : 66
Santa Clara, Santa Clara County 201
Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County 155
San piego, San Diego County 86,87,88,91
Santa Margarita, San Luis Obispo County 201
Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County 201
Santa Paula, Monterey County 202
Santa Rosa, Sonoma County 202
Sehna, Fresno County 202
Shasta. Shasta County 202
Sierra Madre, Los Angeles County 203
Sisscm, Siskiyou County 203
Soledad, Monterey County 203
Sonoma, Sonoma County 204
Stockton. San Joaquin County 157
Siiisum, Solano County 204
Suinmenlaie, Mariposa County 204
Summit, Placer County ...*. 205
Susan ville, Lassen County 205
Tehachapi, Kern County 206
Tehama, Tehama County .- 206
Tracy, San Joaquin County -07
Truckee, Nevada County 159
Tulare (near), Tulare County 207
Ukiah. Mendocino County 207
Upper Lake, Lake County 208
Upper Mattole, Humboldt County 208
Vacaville, Solano County 208
Valley Springs, Calaverae County 209
Ventura, Ventura County 209
Vina, Tehama County 209
\ 'i-alia, Tulare County 160, 161, 162
Volcano Springs. San Diego County 209
Westley . Stanislaus County 210
Wheatiand. Yuba County 210
270 INDEX.
Places for which precipitations are riven Continued. Page.
Whittier, Los Angeles County 210
Williams, Colusa County 211
Willows, Glenn County : 211
Winters, Yolo County 212
Wire Bridge, Placer County 212
Woodland, Yolo County 212
Yreka, Siskiyou County , 213
Yuba City, Sutter County 213
SNOWFALL OF CALIFORNIA . 215
Precipitation at high levels 224
FROST 227
Nature of 227
How it injures plants 228
Protection of orchards from 228
FOG 239
( 'l )M I'AHATIVE DATA 242
Mount Tamalpais 242
San Francisco 242
Sunshine at Mount Tamalpais 243
Notes on Fog at Mount Tamalpais 244
Wreck of the S. S. Rio de Janeiro 247
THUNDERSTORMS 251
EARTHQUAKES 259
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